;; Facts for all african countries extracted from the KSL KB. ;; For each country we have ( ) ;; See wfb-africa-extractor.lsp ;; paritosh, Sunday, February 08, 2004 (in-package :data) (defparameter *africa-wfb-facts* '( (algeria ((wfb::location algeria "Northern Africa, bordering the Mediterranean Sea, between Morocco and Tunisia") (wfb::map_references algeria "Africa") (wfb::area algeria total_area (* 2381740 sq_km)) (wfb::area algeria land_area (* 2381740 sq_km)) (wfb::area algeria comparative_area "slightly less than 3.5 times the size of Texas") (wfb::borders algeria total (* 6343 km)) (wfb::borders algeria libya (* 982 km)) (wfb::borders algeria mali (* 1376 km)) (wfb::borders algeria mauritania (* 463 km)) (wfb::borders algeria morocco (* 1559 km)) (wfb::borders algeria niger (* 956 km)) (wfb::borders algeria tunisia (* 965 km)) (wfb::borders algeria western_sahara (* 42 km)) (wfb::coastline algeria (* 998 km)) (wfb::maritime_claims algeria territorial_sea (* 12 nm)) (wfb::international_disputes algeria "Libya claims part of southeastern Algeria") (wfb::international_disputes algeria "land boundary dispute with Tunisia settled in 1993") (wfb::climate algeria "arid to semiarid") (wfb::climate algeria "mild, wet winters with hot, dry summers along coast") (wfb::climate algeria "drier with cold winters and hot summers on high plateau") (wfb::climate algeria "sirocco is a hot, dust/sand-laden wind especially common in summer") (wfb::terrain algeria "mostly high plateau and desert") (wfb::terrain algeria "some mountains") (wfb::terrain algeria "narrow, discontinuous coastal plain") (wfb::natural-resource algeria petroleum) (wfb::natural-resource algeria natural_gas) (wfb::natural-resource algeria iron_ore) (wfb::natural-resource algeria phosphates) (wfb::natural-resource algeria uranium) (wfb::natural-resource algeria lead) (wfb::natural-resource algeria zinc) (wfb::land_use algeria arable_land (* 3 %)) (wfb::land_use algeria permanent_crops (* 0 %)) (wfb::land_use algeria meadows_and_pastures (* 13 %)) (wfb::land_use algeria forest_and_woodland (* 2 %)) (wfb::land_use algeria other (* 82 %)) (wfb::irrigated_land algeria (* 3360 sq_km)) (wfb::environment algeria current_issues "soil erosion from overgrazing and other poor farming practices") (wfb::environment algeria current_issues "desertification") (wfb::environment algeria current_issues "dumping of raw sewage, petroleum refining wastes, and other industrial effluents is leading to the pollution of rivers and coastal waters") (wfb::environment algeria current_issues "Mediterranean Sea, in particular, becoming polluted from oil wastes, soil erosion, and fertilizer runoff") (wfb::environment algeria current_issues "inadequate supplies of potable water") (wfb::environment algeria natural_hazards "mountainous areas subject to severe earthquakes") (wfb::environment algeria natural_hazards "mudslides") (wfb::environment algeria international_agreements "party to - Climate Change, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands") (wfb::environment algeria international_agreements "signed, but not ratified - Biodiversity, Desertification, Law of the Sea, Nuclear Test Ban") (wfb::note algeria "second-largest country in Africa (after Sudan)") (wfb::population algeria 28539321) (wfb::age_structure algeria 0-14_years (* 41 %)) (wfb::age_structure_by_sex algeria 0-14_years female 5678879) (wfb::age_structure_by_sex algeria 0-14_years male 5885246) (wfb::age_structure algeria 15-64_years (* 56 %)) (wfb::age_structure_by_sex algeria 15-64_years female 7887885) (wfb::age_structure_by_sex algeria 15-64_years male 8033508) (wfb::age_structure algeria 65_years_and_over (* 3 %)) (wfb::age_structure_by_sex algeria 65_years_and_over female 557636) (wfb::age_structure_by_sex algeria 65_years_and_over male 496167) (wfb::population_growth_rate algeria (* 2.25 %)) (wfb::birth_rate algeria (* 29.02 |births/1,000 population|)) (wfb::death_rate algeria (* 6.05 |deaths/1,000 population|)) (wfb::net_migration_rate algeria (* -0.49 |migrant(s)/1,000 population|)) (wfb::infant_mortality_rate algeria (* 50.3 |deaths/1,000 live births|)) (wfb::life_expectancy_at_birth algeria total_population (* 68.01 years)) (wfb::life_expectancy_at_birth algeria male (* 66.94 years)) (wfb::life_expectancy_at_birth algeria female (* 69.13 years)) (wfb::total_fertility_rate algeria (* 3.7 children_born/woman)) (wfb::nationality algeria noun "Algerian(s)") (wfb::nationality algeria adjective "Algerian") (wfb::ethnic-entity algeria arab-berber (* 99 %)) (wfb::ethnic-entity algeria european_less_than (* 1 %)) (wfb::religion algeria |Sunni Muslim (state religion)| (* 99 %)) (wfb::religion algeria christian_and_jewish (* 1 %)) (wfb::language algeria arabic n/a) (wfb::language algeria french n/a) (wfb::language algeria berber_dialects n/a) (wfb::literacy-condition algeria "age 15 and over can read and write") (wfb::literacy algeria total_population (* 57 %)) (wfb::literacy algeria male (* 70 %)) (wfb::literacy algeria female (* 46 %)) (wfb::total_labor_force algeria 6200000.0) (wfb::labor_force_by_occupation algeria government (* 29.5 %)) (wfb::labor_force_by_occupation algeria agriculture (* 22 %)) (wfb::labor_force_by_occupation algeria construction_and_public_works (* 16.2 %)) (wfb::labor_force_by_occupation algeria industry (* 13.6 %)) (wfb::labor_force_by_occupation algeria commerce_and_services (* 13.5 %)) (wfb::labor_force_by_occupation algeria transportation_and_communication (* 5.2 %)) (wfb::names algeria conventional_long_form "Democratic and Popular Republic of Algeria") (wfb::names algeria conventional_short_form "Algeria") (wfb::names algeria local_long_form "Al Jumhuriyah al Jaza'iriyah ad Dimuqratiyah ash Shabiyah") (wfb::names algeria local_short_form "Al Jaza'ir") (wfb::digraph algeria "AG") (type algeria "republic") (wfb::capital algeria algiers-algeria) (wfb::administrative_divisions algeria adm_div_algeria_provinces 48) (wfb::administrative_division_of algeria adm_div_algeria_provinces "Adrar") (wfb::administrative_division_of algeria adm_div_algeria_provinces "Ain Defla") (wfb::administrative_division_of algeria adm_div_algeria_provinces "Ain Temouchent") (wfb::administrative_division_of algeria adm_div_algeria_provinces "Alger") (wfb::administrative_division_of algeria adm_div_algeria_provinces "Annaba") (wfb::administrative_division_of algeria adm_div_algeria_provinces "Batna") (wfb::administrative_division_of algeria adm_div_algeria_provinces "Bechar") (wfb::administrative_division_of algeria adm_div_algeria_provinces "Bejaia") (wfb::administrative_division_of algeria adm_div_algeria_provinces "Biskra") (wfb::administrative_division_of algeria adm_div_algeria_provinces "Blida") (wfb::administrative_division_of algeria adm_div_algeria_provinces "Bordj Bou Arreridj") (wfb::administrative_division_of algeria adm_div_algeria_provinces "Bouira") (wfb::administrative_division_of algeria adm_div_algeria_provinces "Boumerdes") (wfb::administrative_division_of algeria adm_div_algeria_provinces "Chlef") (wfb::administrative_division_of algeria adm_div_algeria_provinces "Constantine") (wfb::administrative_division_of algeria adm_div_algeria_provinces "Djelfa") (wfb::administrative_division_of algeria adm_div_algeria_provinces "El Bayadh") (wfb::administrative_division_of algeria adm_div_algeria_provinces "El Oued") (wfb::administrative_division_of algeria adm_div_algeria_provinces "El Tarf") (wfb::administrative_division_of algeria adm_div_algeria_provinces "Ghardaia") (wfb::administrative_division_of algeria adm_div_algeria_provinces "Guelma") (wfb::administrative_division_of algeria adm_div_algeria_provinces "Illizi") (wfb::administrative_division_of algeria adm_div_algeria_provinces "Jijel") (wfb::administrative_division_of algeria adm_div_algeria_provinces "Khenchela") (wfb::administrative_division_of algeria adm_div_algeria_provinces "Laghouat") (wfb::administrative_division_of algeria adm_div_algeria_provinces "Mascara") (wfb::administrative_division_of algeria adm_div_algeria_provinces "Medea") (wfb::administrative_division_of algeria adm_div_algeria_provinces "Mila") (wfb::administrative_division_of algeria adm_div_algeria_provinces "Mostaganem") (wfb::administrative_division_of algeria adm_div_algeria_provinces "M'Sila") (wfb::administrative_division_of algeria adm_div_algeria_provinces "Naama") (wfb::administrative_division_of algeria adm_div_algeria_provinces "Oran") (wfb::administrative_division_of algeria adm_div_algeria_provinces "Ouargla") (wfb::administrative_division_of algeria adm_div_algeria_provinces "Oum el Bouaghi") (wfb::administrative_division_of algeria adm_div_algeria_provinces "Relizane") (wfb::administrative_division_of algeria adm_div_algeria_provinces "Saida") (wfb::administrative_division_of algeria adm_div_algeria_provinces "Setif") (wfb::administrative_division_of algeria adm_div_algeria_provinces "Sidi Bel Abbes") (wfb::administrative_division_of algeria adm_div_algeria_provinces "Skikda") (wfb::administrative_division_of algeria adm_div_algeria_provinces "Souk Ahras") (wfb::administrative_division_of algeria adm_div_algeria_provinces "Tamanghasset") (wfb::administrative_division_of algeria adm_div_algeria_provinces "Tebessa") (wfb::administrative_division_of algeria adm_div_algeria_provinces "Tiaret") (wfb::administrative_division_of algeria adm_div_algeria_provinces "Tindouf") (wfb::administrative_division_of algeria adm_div_algeria_provinces "Tipaza") (wfb::administrative_division_of algeria adm_div_algeria_provinces "Tissemsilt") (wfb::administrative_division_of algeria adm_div_algeria_provinces "Tizi Ouzou") (wfb::administrative_division_of algeria adm_div_algeria_provinces "Tlemcen") (wfb::independence algeria date_5_jul_1962 "France") (wfb::national_holiday algeria "Anniversary of the Revolution" date_1_nov) (wfb::constitution algeria "19 November 1976, effective 22 November 1976; revised 3 November 1988 and 23 February 1989") (wfb::legal_system algeria "socialist, based on French and Islamic law; judicial review of legislative acts in ad hoc Constitutional Council composed of various public officials, including several Supreme Court justices; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction") (wfb::suffrage algeria (* 18 years_of_age)) (wfb::executive_branch algeria chief_of_state "President Lamine ZEROUAL " date_31_jan_1994) (wfb::executive_branch algeria head_of_government "Prime Minister Mokdad SIFI " date_11_apr_1994) (wfb::executive_branch algeria cabinet "Council of Ministers") (wfb::legislative_structure algeria unicameral "; note - suspended since 1992") (wfb::legislative_branch algeria "National People's Assembly (Al-Majlis Ech-Chaabi Al-Watani)" "elections first round held on 26 December 1991 (second round canceled by the military after President BENDJEDID resigned 11 January 1992, effectively suspending the Assembly); results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (281 total); the fundamentalist FIS won 188 of the 231 seats contested in the first round; note - elections (provincial and municipal) were held in June 1990, the first in Algerian history; results - FIS 55%, FLN 27.5%, other 17.5%, with 65% of the voters participating") (wfb::judicial_branch algeria "Supreme Court (Cour Supreme)") (wfb::political_parties_and_leaders algeria "Islamic Salvation Front (FIS, outlawed April 1992), Ali BELHADJ, Dr. Abassi MADANI, Abdelkader HACHANI (all under arrest), Rabeh KEBIR (self-exile in Germany); National Liberation Front (FLN), Abdelhamid MEHRI, Secretary General; Socialist Forces Front (FFS), Hocine Ait AHMED, Secretary General") (wfb::member_of algeria abeda) (wfb::member_of algeria afdb) (wfb::member_of algeria afesd) (wfb::member_of algeria al) (wfb::member_of algeria amf) (wfb::member_of algeria amu) (wfb::member_of algeria ccc) (wfb::member_of algeria eca) (wfb::member_of algeria fao) (wfb::member_of algeria g-15) (wfb::member_of algeria g-19) (wfb::member_of algeria g-24) (wfb::member_of algeria g-77) (wfb::member_of algeria iaea) (wfb::member_of algeria ibrd) (wfb::member_of algeria icao) (wfb::member_of algeria icrm) (wfb::member_of algeria ida) (wfb::member_of algeria idb) (wfb::member_of algeria ifad) (wfb::member_of algeria ifc) (wfb::member_of algeria ifrcs) (wfb::member_of algeria ilo) (wfb::member_of algeria imf) (wfb::member_of algeria imo) (wfb::member_of algeria inmarsat) (wfb::member_of algeria intelsat) (wfb::member_of algeria interpol) (wfb::member_of algeria ioc) (wfb::member_of algeria iso) (wfb::member_of algeria itu) (wfb::member_of algeria nam) (wfb::member_of algeria oapec) (wfb::member_of algeria oas) (wfb::member_of algeria oau) (wfb::member_of algeria oic) (wfb::member_of algeria opec) (wfb::member_of algeria un) (wfb::member_of algeria unctad) (wfb::member_of algeria unesco) (wfb::member_of algeria unhcr) (wfb::member_of algeria unido) (wfb::member_of algeria unmih) (wfb::member_of algeria upu) (wfb::member_of algeria wcl) (wfb::member_of algeria who) (wfb::member_of algeria wipo) (wfb::member_of algeria wmo) (wfb::member_of algeria wto) (wfb::diplomatic_representation_in_us algeria chief_of_mission "Ambassador Osmane BENCHERIF") (wfb::diplomatic_representation_in_us algeria chancery "2118 Kalorama Road NW, Washington, DC 20008") (wfb::diplomatic_representation_in_us algeria telephone "[1] (202) 265-2800") (wfb::us_diplomatic_representation algeria chief_of_mission "Ambassador Ronald E. NEUMANN") (wfb::us_diplomatic_representation algeria embassy "4 Chemin Cheikh Bachir El-Ibrahimi, Algiers") (wfb::us_diplomatic_representation algeria mailing_address "B. P. Box 549, Alger-Gare, 16000 Algiers") (wfb::us_diplomatic_representation algeria telephone "[213] (2) 69-11-86, 69-18-54, 69-38-75") (wfb::us_diplomatic_representation algeria fax "[213] (2) 69-39-79") (wfb::us_diplomatic_representation algeria |consulate(s)| "none (Oran closed June 1993)") (wfb::flag algeria "two equal vertical bands of green (hoist side) and white with a red five-pointed star within a red crescent; the crescent, star, and color green are traditional symbols of Islam (the state religion)") (wfb::overview algeria "The hydrocarbons sector is the backbone of the economy, accounting for roughly 57% of government revenues, 25% of GDP, and almost all export earnings; Algeria has the fifth largest reserves of natural gas in the world and ranks fourteenth for oil. Algiers' efforts to reform one of the most centrally planned economies in the Arab world began after the 1986 collapse of world oil prices plunged the country into a severe recession. In 1989, the government launched a comprehensive, IMF-supported program to achieve macroeconomic stabilization and to introduce market mechanisms into the economy. Despite substantial progress toward macroeconomic adjustment, in 1992 the reform drive stalled as Algiers became embroiled in political turmoil. In September 1993, a new government was formed, and one priority was the resumption and acceleration of the structural adjustment process. Buffeted by the slump in world oil prices and burdened with a heavy foreign debt, Algiers concluded a one-year standby arrangement with the IMF in April 1994.") (wfb::national_product algeria (* 9.71e+10 $)) (wfb::national_product_real_growth_rate algeria (* 0.2 %)) (wfb::national_product_per_capita algeria (* 3480 $)) (wfb::|Inflation rate (consumer prices)| algeria "30% (1994 est.)") (wfb::unemployment_rate algeria (* 30 %)) (wfb::budget algeria revenues (* 1.43e+10 $)) (wfb::budget algeria expenditures (* 1.79e+10 $)) (wfb::exports algeria (* 9.1e+9 $)) (wfb::exports algeria partners italy (* 21 %)) (wfb::exports algeria partners france (* 16 %)) (wfb::exports algeria partners us (* 14 %)) (wfb::exports algeria partners germany (* 13 %)) (wfb::exports algeria partners spain (* 9 %)) (wfb::imports algeria (* 9.2e+9 $)) (wfb::imports algeria commodities capital_goods (* 39.7 %)) (wfb::imports algeria commodities food_and_beverages (* 21.7 %)) (wfb::imports algeria commodities consumer_goods (* 11.8 %)) (wfb::imports algeria partners france (* 29 %)) (wfb::imports algeria partners italy (* 14 %)) (wfb::imports algeria partners spain (* 9 %)) (wfb::imports algeria partners us (* 9 %)) (wfb::imports algeria partners germany (* 7 %)) (wfb::external_debt algeria (* 2.5999999e+10 $)) (wfb::industrial_production algeria growth_rate (* n/a %)) (wfb::electricity algeria capacity (* 5370000 kw)) (wfb::electricity algeria production (* 1.83e+10 kwh)) (wfb::electricity algeria consumption_per_capita (* 587 kwh)) (wfb::industry algeria petroleum-industry) (wfb::industry algeria light_industries) (wfb::industry algeria natural_gas-industry) (wfb::industry algeria mining) (wfb::industry algeria electrical) (wfb::industry algeria petrochemical) (wfb::industry algeria food_processing) (wfb::agriculture algeria "accounts for 12% of GDP (1993) and employs 22% of labor force; products- wheat, barley, oats, grapes, olives, citrus, fruits, sheep, cattle; net importer of food - grain, vegetable oil, sugar") (wfb::economic_aid algeria recipient "US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-85), $1.4 billion; Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-89), $925 million; OPEC bilateral aid (1979-89), $1.8 billion; Communist countries (1970-89), $2.7 billion; net official disbursements (1985-89), $375 million") (wfb::currency algeria algerian_dinar 100 centimes) (wfb::exchange_rates algeria "Algerian dinars (DA) per US$1 - 42.710 (January 1995), 35.059 (1994), 23.345 (1993), 21.836 (1992), 18.473 (1991), 8.958 (1990)") (wfb::fiscal_year algeria date_1_jan date_31_dec) (wfb::railroads algeria total "4,733 km") (wfb::railroads algeria standard_gauge "3,576 km 1.435-m gauge (299 km electrified; 215 km double track)") (wfb::railroads algeria narrow_gauge "1,157 km 1.055-m gauge") (wfb::highways algeria total (* 95576 km)) (wfb::highways algeria (union concrete bituminous) (* 57346 km)) (wfb::highways algeria (union gravel crushed_stone earth) (* 38230 km)) (wfb::port algeria algiers-algeria) (wfb::port algeria annaba-algeria) (wfb::port algeria arzew-algeria) (wfb::port algeria bejaia-algeria) (wfb::port algeria beni_saf-algeria) (wfb::port algeria dellys-algeria) (wfb::port algeria djendjene-algeria) (wfb::port algeria ghazaouet-algeria) (wfb::port algeria jijel-algeria) (wfb::port algeria mostaganem-algeria) (wfb::port algeria oran-algeria) (wfb::port algeria skikda-algeria) (wfb::port algeria tenes-algeria) (wfb::merchant_marine algeria total "75 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 903,179 GRT/1,064,211 DWT") (wfb::merchant_marine algeria ships_by_type "bulk 9, cargo 27, chemical tanker 7, liquefied gas tanker 9, oil tanker 5, roll-on/roll-off cargo 12, short-sea passenger 5, specialized tanker 1") (wfb::airports algeria total 139) (wfb::airports algeria |with paved runways over 3,047 m| 9) (wfb::airports algeria |with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m| 23) (wfb::airports algeria |with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m| 14) (wfb::airports algeria |with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m| 5) (wfb::airports algeria with_paved_runways_under_914_m 20) (wfb::airports algeria |with unpaved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m| 3) (wfb::airports algeria |with unpaved runways 1,524 to 2,438 m| 24) (wfb::airports algeria |with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m| 41) (wfb::telephone_system algeria "822,000 telephones; excellent domestic and international service in the north, sparse in the south") (wfb::telephone_system algeria local "NA") (wfb::telephone_system algeria intercity "12 domestic satellite links; 20 additional satellite links are planned") (wfb::telephone_system algeria international "5 submarine cables; microwave radio relay to Italy, France, Spain, Morocco, and Tunisia; coaxial cable to Morocco and Tunisia; 2 INTELSAT (1 Atlantic Ocean and 1 Indian Ocean), 1 Intersputnik, 1 ARABSAT earth station") (wfb::radio algeria broadcast_stations am 26) (wfb::radio algeria broadcast_stations fm 0) (wfb::radio algeria broadcast_stations shortwave 0) (wfb::radio algeria radios 5200000.0) (wfb::television algeria broadcast_stations 18) (wfb::television algeria televisions 1600000.0) (wfb::defense_branch algeria national_popular_army_algeria) (wfb::defense_branch algeria navy_algeria) (wfb::defense_branch algeria air_force_algeria) (wfb::defense_branch algeria territorial_air_defense_algeria) (wfb::defense_branch algeria national_gendarmerie_algeria) (wfb::manpower_availability algeria "males age 15-49 7,124,894; males fit for military service 4,373,272; males reach military age (19) annually 313,707 (1995 est.)") (wfb::defense_expenditures algeria (* 1.3e+9 $)) (wfb::defense_expenditures algeria (* 2.7 %_of_gdp)))) (angola ((wfb::location angola "Southern Africa, bordering the South Atlantic Ocean, between Namibia and Zaire") (wfb::map_references angola "Africa") (wfb::area angola total_area (* 1246700 sq_km)) (wfb::area angola land_area (* 1246700 sq_km)) (wfb::area angola comparative_area "slightly less than twice the size of Texas") (wfb::borders angola total (* 5198 km)) (wfb::borders angola congo (* 201 km)) (wfb::borders angola namibia (* 1376 km)) (wfb::borders angola zaire (* 2511 km)) (wfb::borders angola zambia (* 1110 km)) (wfb::coastline angola (* 1600 km)) (wfb::maritime_claims angola exclusive_fishing_zone (* 200 nm)) (wfb::maritime_claims angola territorial_sea (* 20 nm)) (wfb::international_disputes angola "none") (wfb::climate angola "semiarid in south and along coast to Luanda") (wfb::climate angola "north has cool, dry season (May to October) and hot, rainy season (November to April)") (wfb::terrain angola "narrow coastal plain rises abruptly to vast interior plateau") (wfb::natural-resource angola petroleum) (wfb::natural-resource angola diamonds) (wfb::natural-resource angola iron_ore) (wfb::natural-resource angola phosphates) (wfb::natural-resource angola copper) (wfb::natural-resource angola feldspar) (wfb::natural-resource angola gold) (wfb::natural-resource angola bauxite) (wfb::natural-resource angola uranium) (wfb::land_use angola arable_land (* 2 %)) (wfb::land_use angola permanent_crops (* 0 %)) (wfb::land_use angola meadows_and_pastures (* 23 %)) (wfb::land_use angola forest_and_woodland (* 43 %)) (wfb::land_use angola other (* 32 %)) (wfb::environment angola current_issues "population pressures contributing to overuse of pastures and subsequent soil erosion") (wfb::environment angola current_issues "desertification") (wfb::environment angola current_issues "deforestation of tropical rain forest attributable to the international demand for tropical timber and domestic use as a fuel") (wfb::environment angola current_issues "deforestation contributing to loss of biodiversity") (wfb::environment angola current_issues "soil erosion contributing to water pollution and siltation of rivers and dams") (wfb::environment angola current_issues "inadequate supplies of potable water") (wfb::environment angola natural_hazards "locally heavy rainfall causes periodic flooding on the plateau") (wfb::environment angola international_agreements "party to - Law of the Sea") (wfb::environment angola international_agreements "signed, but not ratified - Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification") (wfb::note angola "Cabinda is separated from rest of country by Zaire") (wfb::population angola 10069501) (wfb::age_structure angola 0-14_years (* 45 %)) (wfb::age_structure_by_sex angola 0-14_years female 2208307) (wfb::age_structure_by_sex angola 0-14_years male 2274533) (wfb::age_structure angola 15-64_years (* 53 %)) (wfb::age_structure_by_sex angola 15-64_years female 2641259) (wfb::age_structure_by_sex angola 15-64_years male 2685543) (wfb::age_structure angola 65_years_and_over (* 2 %)) (wfb::age_structure_by_sex angola 65_years_and_over female 136573) (wfb::age_structure_by_sex angola 65_years_and_over male 123286) (wfb::population_growth_rate angola (* 2.68 %)) (wfb::birth_rate angola (* 45.05 |births/1,000 population|)) (wfb::death_rate angola (* 18.1 |deaths/1,000 population|)) (wfb::net_migration_rate angola (* -0.15 |migrant(s)/1,000 population|)) (wfb::infant_mortality_rate angola (* 142.1 |deaths/1,000 live births|)) (wfb::life_expectancy_at_birth angola total_population (* 46.28 years)) (wfb::life_expectancy_at_birth angola male (* 44.18 years)) (wfb::life_expectancy_at_birth angola female (* 48.49 years)) (wfb::total_fertility_rate angola (* 6.42 children_born/woman)) (wfb::nationality angola noun "Angolan(s)") (wfb::nationality angola adjective "Angolan") (wfb::ethnic-entity angola ovimbundu (* 37 %)) (wfb::ethnic-entity angola kimbundu (* 25 %)) (wfb::ethnic-entity angola bakongo (* 13 %)) (wfb::ethnic-entity angola |mestico (mixed European and Native African)| (* 2 %)) (wfb::ethnic-entity angola european (* 1 %)) (wfb::religion angola indigenous_beliefs (* 47 %)) (wfb::religion angola roman_catholic (* 38 %)) (wfb::religion angola protestant (* 15 %)) (wfb::language angola portuguese n/a) (wfb::language angola bantu_and_other_african_languages n/a) (wfb::literacy-condition angola "age 15 and over can read and write") (wfb::literacy angola total_population (* 42 %)) (wfb::literacy angola male (* 56 %)) (wfb::literacy angola female (* 28 %)) (wfb::labor_force_by_occupation angola agriculture (* 85 %)) (wfb::labor_force_by_occupation angola industry (* 15 %)) (wfb::note angola "Civil war has been the norm since independence from Portugal on 11 November 1975; a cease-fire lasted from 31 May 1991 until October 1992 when the insurgent National Union for the Total Independence of Angola (UNITA) refused to accept its defeat in internationally monitored elections and fighting resumed throughout much of the countryside. The two sides signed another peace accord on 20 November 1994; the cease-fire is generally holding but most provisions of the accord remain to be implemented.") (wfb::names angola conventional_long_form "Republic of Angola") (wfb::names angola conventional_short_form "Angola") (wfb::names angola local_long_form "Republica de Angola") (wfb::names angola local_short_form "Angola") (wfb::names angola former "People's Republic of Angola") (wfb::digraph angola "AO") (type angola "transitional government nominally a multiparty democracy with a strong presidential system") (wfb::capital angola luanda-angola) (wfb::administrative_divisions angola adm_div_angola_provinces 18) (wfb::administrative_division_of angola adm_div_angola_provinces "Bengo") (wfb::administrative_division_of angola adm_div_angola_provinces "Benguela") (wfb::administrative_division_of angola adm_div_angola_provinces "Bie") (wfb::administrative_division_of angola adm_div_angola_provinces "Cabinda") (wfb::administrative_division_of angola adm_div_angola_provinces "Cuando Cubango") (wfb::administrative_division_of angola adm_div_angola_provinces "Cuanza Norte") (wfb::administrative_division_of angola adm_div_angola_provinces "Cuanza Sul") (wfb::administrative_division_of angola adm_div_angola_provinces "Cunene") (wfb::administrative_division_of angola adm_div_angola_provinces "Huambo") (wfb::administrative_division_of angola adm_div_angola_provinces "Huila") (wfb::administrative_division_of angola adm_div_angola_provinces "Luanda") (wfb::administrative_division_of angola adm_div_angola_provinces "Lunda Norte") (wfb::administrative_division_of angola adm_div_angola_provinces "Lunda Sul") (wfb::administrative_division_of angola adm_div_angola_provinces "Malanje") (wfb::administrative_division_of angola adm_div_angola_provinces "Moxico") (wfb::administrative_division_of angola adm_div_angola_provinces "Namibe") (wfb::administrative_division_of angola adm_div_angola_provinces "Uige") (wfb::administrative_division_of angola adm_div_angola_provinces "Zaire") (wfb::independence angola date_11_nov_1975 "Portugal") (wfb::national_holiday angola "Independence Day" date_11_nov) (wfb::constitution angola "11 November 1975; revised 7 January 1978, 11 August 1980, 6 March 1991, and 26 August 1992") (wfb::legal_system angola "based on Portuguese civil law system and customary law; recently modified to accommodate political pluralism and increased use of free markets") (wfb::suffrage angola (* 18 years_of_age)) (wfb::executive_branch angola chief_of_state "President Jose Eduardo DOS SANTOS " date_21_sep_1979) (wfb::executive_branch angola head_of_government "Prime Minister Marcolino Jose Carlos MOCO " date_2_dec_1992) (wfb::executive_branch angola cabinet "Council of Ministers") (wfb::legislative_structure angola unicameral n/a) (wfb::legislative_branch angola "National Assembly (Assembleia Nacional)" "first nationwide, multiparty elections were held 29-30 September 1992 with disputed results") (wfb::judicial_branch angola "Supreme Court (Tribunal da Relacao)") (wfb::political_parties_and_leaders angola "Popular Movement for the Liberation of Angola (MPLA), led by Jose Eduardo DOS SANTOS, is the ruling party and has been in power since 1975; National Union for the Total Independence of Angola (UNITA), led by Jonas SAVIMBI, is a legal party despite its history of armed resistance to the government; five minor parties have small numbers of seats in the National Assembly") (wfb::other_political_or_pressure_groups angola "Cabindan State Liberation Front (FLEC), N'ZITA Tiago, leader of largest faction (FLEC-FAC)") (wfb::member_of angola acp) (wfb::member_of angola afdb) (wfb::member_of angola ccc) (wfb::member_of angola ceeac) (wfb::member_of angola eca) (wfb::member_of angola fao) (wfb::member_of angola fls) (wfb::member_of angola g-77) (wfb::member_of angola gatt) (wfb::member_of angola ibrd) (wfb::member_of angola icao) (wfb::member_of angola icrm) (wfb::member_of angola ida) (wfb::member_of angola ifad) (wfb::member_of angola ifc) (wfb::member_of angola ifrcs) (wfb::member_of angola ilo) (wfb::member_of angola imf) (wfb::member_of angola imo) (wfb::member_of angola intelsat) (wfb::member_of angola interpol) (wfb::member_of angola ioc) (wfb::member_of angola iom) (wfb::member_of angola itu) (wfb::member_of angola nam) (wfb::member_of angola oas) (wfb::member_of angola oau) (wfb::member_of angola sadc) (wfb::member_of angola un) (wfb::member_of angola unctad) (wfb::member_of angola unesco) (wfb::member_of angola unido) (wfb::member_of angola upu) (wfb::member_of angola wcl) (wfb::member_of angola wftu) (wfb::member_of angola who) (wfb::member_of angola wipo) (wfb::member_of angola wmo) (wfb::member_of angola wto) (wfb::diplomatic_representation_in_us angola chief_of_mission "Ambassador Jose Goncalves Martins PATRICIO") (wfb::diplomatic_representation_in_us angola embassy "1819 L Street NW, Washington, DC 20036, Suite 400") (wfb::diplomatic_representation_in_us angola telephone "[1] (202) 785-1156") (wfb::diplomatic_representation_in_us angola fax "[1] (202) 785-1258") (wfb::us_diplomatic_representation angola chief_of_mission "Ambassador Edmund T. DE JARNETTE") (wfb::us_diplomatic_representation angola embassy "32 Rua Houari Boumedienne, Miramar, Luanda") (wfb::us_diplomatic_representation angola mailing_address "C.P. 6484, Luanda; American Embassy, Luanda, Department of State, Washington, D.C. 20521-2550 (pouch)") (wfb::us_diplomatic_representation angola telephone "[244] (2) 345-481, 346-418") (wfb::us_diplomatic_representation angola fax "[244] (2) 347-884") (wfb::flag angola "two equal horizontal bands of red (top) and black with a centered yellow emblem consisting of a five-pointed star within half a cogwheel crossed by a machete (in the style of a hammer and sickle)") (wfb::overview angola "Subsistence agriculture provides the main livelihood for 80%-90% of the population but accounts for less than 15% of GDP. Oil production is vital to the economy, contributing about 60% to GDP. Despite the signing of a peace accord in November 1994 between the Angola government and the UNITA insurgents, sporadic fighting continues and many farmers remain reluctant to return to their fields. As a result, much of the country's food requirements must still be imported. Angola has rich natural resources - notably gold, diamonds, and arable land, in addition to large oil deposits - but will need to observe the cease-fire, implement the peace agreement, and reform government policies if it is to achieve its potential.") (wfb::national_product angola (* 6.0999997e+9 $)) (wfb::national_product_real_growth_rate angola (* -1 %)) (wfb::national_product_per_capita angola (* 620 $)) (wfb::|Inflation rate (consumer prices)| angola "20% average per month (1994 est.)") (wfb::budget angola revenues (* 9.28e+8 $)) (wfb::budget angola expenditures (* 2.5e+9 $)) (wfb::budget angola capital_expenditures (* 9.63e+8 $)) (wfb::exports angola (* 3.0e+9 $)) (wfb::exports angola commodities oil-commodity n/a) (wfb::exports angola commodities diamonds-commodity n/a) (wfb::exports angola commodities refined_petroleum_products n/a) (wfb::exports angola commodities gas n/a) (wfb::exports angola commodities coffee n/a) (wfb::exports angola commodities sisal n/a) (wfb::exports angola commodities fish_and_fish_products n/a) (wfb::exports angola commodities timber-commodity n/a) (wfb::exports angola commodities cotton n/a) (wfb::exports angola partners us n/a) (wfb::exports angola partners france n/a) (wfb::exports angola partners germany n/a) (wfb::exports angola partners netherlands n/a) (wfb::exports angola partners brazil n/a) (wfb::imports angola (* 1.6e+9 $)) (wfb::imports angola commodities capital_equipment n/a) (wfb::imports angola commodities food n/a) (wfb::imports angola commodities vehicles_and_spare_parts n/a) (wfb::imports angola commodities textiles_and_clothing n/a) (wfb::imports angola commodities medicines n/a) (wfb::imports angola commodities substantial_military_deliveries n/a) (wfb::imports angola partners portugal n/a) (wfb::imports angola partners brazil n/a) (wfb::imports angola partners us n/a) (wfb::imports angola partners france n/a) (wfb::imports angola partners spain n/a) (wfb::external_debt angola (* 1.17e+10 $)) (wfb::industrial_production angola growth_rate (* n/a %)) (wfb::electricity angola capacity (* 620000 kw)) (wfb::electricity angola production (* 1.9e+9 kwh)) (wfb::electricity angola consumption_per_capita (* 189 kwh)) (wfb::industry angola petroleum-industry) (wfb::industry angola mining_-_diamonds) (wfb::industry angola iron_ore-industry) (wfb::industry angola phosphates-industry) (wfb::industry angola feldspar-industry) (wfb::industry angola bauxite-industry) (wfb::industry angola uranium-industry) (wfb::industry angola gold-industry) (wfb::industry angola fish_processing) (wfb::industry angola food_processing) (wfb::industry angola brewing) (wfb::industry angola tobacco-industry) (wfb::industry angola sugar) (wfb::industry angola textiles) (wfb::industry angola cement) (wfb::industry angola basic_metal_products) (wfb::agriculture angola "cash crops - bananas, sugarcane, coffee, sisal, corn, cotton, cane, manioc, tobacco; food crops - cassava, corn, vegetables, plantains; livestock production accounts for 20%, fishing 4%, forestry 2% of total agricultural output") (wfb::illicit_drugs angola "increasingly used as a transshipment point for cocaine destined for Western Europe") (wfb::economic_aid angola recipient "US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-89), $265 million; Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-89), $1.105 billion; Communist countries (1970-89), $1.3 billion; net official disbursements (1985-89), $750 million") (wfb::currency angola new_kwanza 100 lwei) (wfb::exchange_rates angola "new kwanza (NKz) per US$1 - 900,000 (official rate 25 April 1995), 1,900,000 (black market rate 6 April 1995), 600,000 (official rate 10 January 1995), 90,000 (official rate 1 June 1994), 180,000 (black market rate 1 June 1994); 7,000 (official rate 16 December 1993), 50,000 (black market rate 16 December 1993); 3,884 (July 1993); 550 (April 1992); 90 (November 1991); 60 (October 1990)") (wfb::fiscal_year angola date_1_jan date_31_dec) (wfb::railroads angola total "3,189 km; note - limited trackage in use because of landmines still in place from the civil war; majority of the Benguela Railroad also closed because of civil war") (wfb::railroads angola narrow_gauge "2,879 km 1.067-m gauge; 310 km 0.600-m gauge") (wfb::highways angola total (* 73828 km)) (wfb::highways angola bituminous-surface (* 8577 km)) (wfb::highways angola (union crushed_stone gravel improved_earth) (* 29350 km)) (wfb::highways angola unimproved_earth (* 35901 km)) (wfb::inland_waterways angola "1,295 km navigable") (wfb::port angola ambriz-angola) (wfb::port angola cabinda-angola) (wfb::port angola lobito-angola) (wfb::port angola luanda-angola) (wfb::port angola malogo-angola) (wfb::port angola namibe-angola) (wfb::port angola porto_amboim-angola) (wfb::port angola soyo-angola) (wfb::merchant_marine angola total "12 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 63,776 GRT/99,863 DWT") (wfb::merchant_marine angola ships_by_type "cargo 11, oil tanker 1") (wfb::airports angola total 289) (wfb::airports angola |with paved runways over 3,047 m| 4) (wfb::airports angola |with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m| 9) (wfb::airports angola |with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m| 12) (wfb::airports angola |with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m| 6) (wfb::airports angola with_paved_runways_under_914_m 93) (wfb::airports angola |with unpaved runways over 3,047 m| 1) (wfb::airports angola |with unpaved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m| 5) (wfb::airports angola |with unpaved runways 1,524 to 2,438 m| 33) (wfb::airports angola |with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m| 126) (wfb::telephone_system angola "40,300 telephones; 4.1 telephones/1,000 persons; high frequency radio used extensively for military links; telephone service limited mostly to government and business use") (wfb::telephone_system angola local "NA") (wfb::telephone_system angola intercity "limited system of wire, microwave radio relay, and troposcatter routes") (wfb::telephone_system angola international "2 INTELSAT (Atlantic Ocean) earth stations") (wfb::radio angola broadcast_stations am 17) (wfb::radio angola broadcast_stations fm 13) (wfb::radio angola broadcast_stations shortwave 0) (wfb::radio angola radios n/a) (wfb::television angola broadcast_stations 6) (wfb::television angola televisions n/a) (wfb::defense_branch angola army_angola) (wfb::defense_branch angola navy_angola) (wfb::defense_branch angola air_and_air_defense_forces_angola) (wfb::defense_branch angola national_police_force_angola) (wfb::manpower_availability angola "males age 15-49 2,315,717; males fit for military service 1,166,082; males reach military age (18) annually 100,273 (1995 est.)") (wfb::defense_expenditures angola (* 1.1e+9 $)) (wfb::defense_expenditures angola (* 31 %_of_gdp)))) (benin ((wfb::location benin "Western Africa, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean, between Nigeria and Togo") (wfb::map_references benin "Africa") (wfb::area benin total_area (* 112620 sq_km)) (wfb::area benin land_area (* 110620 sq_km)) (wfb::area benin comparative_area "slightly smaller than Pennsylvania") (wfb::borders benin total (* 1989 km)) (wfb::borders benin burkina (* 306 km)) (wfb::borders benin niger (* 266 km)) (wfb::borders benin nigeria (* 773 km)) (wfb::borders benin togo (* 644 km)) (wfb::coastline benin (* 121 km)) (wfb::maritime_claims benin territorial_sea (* 200 nm)) (wfb::international_disputes benin "none") (wfb::climate benin "tropical") (wfb::climate benin "hot, humid in south") (wfb::climate benin "semiarid in north") (wfb::terrain benin "mostly flat to undulating plain") (wfb::terrain benin "some hills and low mountains") (wfb::natural-resource benin small_offshore_oil_deposits) (wfb::natural-resource benin limestone) (wfb::natural-resource benin marble) (wfb::natural-resource benin timber) (wfb::land_use benin arable_land (* 12 %)) (wfb::land_use benin permanent_crops (* 4 %)) (wfb::land_use benin meadows_and_pastures (* 4 %)) (wfb::land_use benin forest_and_woodland (* 35 %)) (wfb::land_use benin other (* 45 %)) (wfb::irrigated_land benin (* 60 sq_km)) (wfb::environment benin current_issues "recent droughts have severely affected marginal agriculture in north") (wfb::environment benin current_issues "inadequate supplies of potable water") (wfb::environment benin current_issues "poaching threatens wildlife populations") (wfb::environment benin current_issues "deforestation") (wfb::environment benin current_issues "desertification") (wfb::environment benin natural_hazards "hot, dry, dusty harmattan wind may affect north in winter") (wfb::environment benin international_agreements "party to - Biodiversity, Climate Change, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection") (wfb::environment benin international_agreements "signed, but not ratified - Desertification, Law of the Sea") (wfb::note benin "no natural harbors") (wfb::population benin 5522677) (wfb::age_structure benin 0-14_years (* 48 %)) (wfb::age_structure_by_sex benin 0-14_years female 1324553) (wfb::age_structure_by_sex benin 0-14_years male 1333673) (wfb::age_structure benin 15-64_years (* 49 %)) (wfb::age_structure_by_sex benin 15-64_years female 1431630) (wfb::age_structure_by_sex benin 15-64_years male 1299180) (wfb::age_structure benin 65_years_and_over (* 3 %)) (wfb::age_structure_by_sex benin 65_years_and_over female 74119) (wfb::age_structure_by_sex benin 65_years_and_over male 59522) (wfb::population_growth_rate benin (* 3.33 %)) (wfb::birth_rate benin (* 47.25 |births/1,000 population|)) (wfb::death_rate benin (* 13.93 |deaths/1,000 population|)) (wfb::net_migration_rate benin (* 0 |migrant(s)/1,000 population|)) (wfb::infant_mortality_rate benin (* 107.6 |deaths/1,000 live births|)) (wfb::life_expectancy_at_birth benin total_population (* 52.24 years)) (wfb::life_expectancy_at_birth benin male (* 50.34 years)) (wfb::life_expectancy_at_birth benin female (* 54.2 years)) (wfb::total_fertility_rate benin (* 6.72 children_born/woman)) (wfb::nationality benin noun "Beninese (singular and plural)") (wfb::nationality benin adjective "Beninese") (wfb::ethnic-entity benin african (* 99 %)) (wfb::ethnic-entity benin |Europeans 5,500| n/a) (wfb::religion benin indigenous_beliefs (* 70 %)) (wfb::religion benin muslim (* 15 %)) (wfb::religion benin christian (* 15 %)) (wfb::language benin french n/a) (wfb::language benin fon_and_yoruba n/a) (wfb::language benin tribal_languages n/a) (wfb::literacy-condition benin "age 15 and over can read and write") (wfb::literacy benin total_population (* 23 %)) (wfb::literacy benin male (* 32 %)) (wfb::literacy benin female (* 16 %)) (wfb::total_labor_force benin 1900000.0) (wfb::labor_force_by_occupation benin agriculture (* 60 %)) (wfb::labor_force_by_occupation benin transport n/a) (wfb::labor_force_by_occupation benin commerce n/a) (wfb::labor_force_by_occupation benin public_services (* 38 %)) (wfb::labor_force_by_occupation benin industry_less_than (* 2 %)) (wfb::names benin conventional_long_form "Republic of Benin") (wfb::names benin conventional_short_form "Benin") (wfb::names benin local_long_form "Republique du Benin") (wfb::names benin local_short_form "Benin") (wfb::names benin former "Dahomey") (wfb::digraph benin "BN") (type benin "republic under multiparty democratic rule dropped Marxism-Leninism December 1989; democratic reforms adopted February 1990; transition to multiparty system completed 4 April 1991") (wfb::capital benin porto-novo-benin) (wfb::administrative_divisions benin adm_div_benin_provinces 6) (wfb::administrative_division_of benin adm_div_benin_provinces "Atakora") (wfb::administrative_division_of benin adm_div_benin_provinces "Atlantique") (wfb::administrative_division_of benin adm_div_benin_provinces "Borgou") (wfb::administrative_division_of benin adm_div_benin_provinces "Mono") (wfb::administrative_division_of benin adm_div_benin_provinces "Oueme") (wfb::administrative_division_of benin adm_div_benin_provinces "Zou") (wfb::independence benin date_1_aug_1960 "France") (wfb::national_holiday benin "National Day" date_1_aug) (wfb::constitution benin "2 December 1990") (wfb::legal_system benin "based on French civil law and customary law; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction") (wfb::suffrage benin (* 18 years_of_age)) (wfb::executive_branch benin chief_of_state "President Nicephore SOGLO " date_4_apr_1991) (wfb::executive_branch benin head_of_government "President Nicephore SOGLO " date_4_apr_1991) (wfb::executive_branch benin cabinet "Executive Council") (wfb::legislative_structure benin unicameral n/a) (wfb::legislative_branch benin "National Assembly (Assemblee Nationale)" "elections last held 28 March 1995; results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (83 total) Renaissance Party and allies 20, PRD 19, FARD-ALAFIA 10, PSD 7, NCC 3, RDL-VIVOTEN 3, Communist Party 2, Alliance Chameleon 1, RDP 1, ADP 1, other 16") (wfb::judicial_branch benin "Supreme Court (Cour Supreme)") (wfb::political_parties_and_leaders benin "as of August 1994, 72 political parties were officially recognized; the following are among the most important: Alliance of the Democratic Union for the Forces of Progress (UDFP), Timothee ADANLIN; Movement for Democracy and Social Progress (MDPS), Jean-Roger AHOYO; Union for Liberty and Development (ULD), Marcellin DEGBE; Alliance of the National Party for Democracy and Development (PNDD) and the Democratic Renewal Party (PRD), Pascal Chabi KAO; Alliance of the Social Democratic Party (PSD) and the National Union for Solidarity and Progress (UNSP), Bruno AMOUSSOU; Our Common Cause (NCC), Albert TEVOEDJRE; National Rally for Democracy (RND), Joseph KEKE; Alliance of the National Movement for Democracy and Development (MNDD), leader NA; Movement for Solidarity, Union, and Progress (MSUP), Adebo ADENIYI; Union for Democracy and National Reconstruction (UDRN), Azaria FAKOREDE; Union for Democracy and National Solidarity (UDS), Mama Amadou N'DIAYE; Assembly of Liberal Democrats for National Reconstruction (RDL), Severin ADJOVI; Alliance for Social Democracy (ASD), Robert DOSSOU; Bloc for Social Democracy (BSD), Michel MAGNIDE; Alliance for Democracy and Progress (ADP), Akindes ADEKPEDJOU, and the Democratic Union for Social Renewal (UDRS), Bio Gado Seko N'GOYE; National Union for Democracy and Progress (UNDP), Robert TAGNON; Party for Progress and Democracy, Thiophile NATA; FARD-ALAFIA, Mathieu KEREKOU; The Renaissance Party, Nicephore SOGLO; The Patriotic Union for the Republic (UPR), Jean-Marie ZAHOUN; Union for the Conservation of Democracy, Bernard HOUEGNON") (wfb::member_of benin acct) (wfb::member_of benin acp) (wfb::member_of benin afdb) (wfb::member_of benin ceao) (wfb::member_of benin eca) (wfb::member_of benin ecowas) (wfb::member_of benin entente) (wfb::member_of benin fao) (wfb::member_of benin fz) (wfb::member_of benin g-77) (wfb::member_of benin gatt) (wfb::member_of benin ibrd) (wfb::member_of benin icao) (wfb::member_of benin icftu) (wfb::member_of benin icrm) (wfb::member_of benin ida) (wfb::member_of benin idb) (wfb::member_of benin ifad) (wfb::member_of benin ifc) (wfb::member_of benin ifrcs) (wfb::member_of benin ilo) (wfb::member_of benin imf) (wfb::member_of benin imo) (wfb::member_of benin intelsat) (wfb::member_of benin interpol) (wfb::member_of benin ioc) (wfb::member_of benin itu) (wfb::member_of benin nam) (wfb::member_of benin oau) (wfb::member_of benin oic) (wfb::member_of benin un) (wfb::member_of benin unctad) (wfb::member_of benin unesco) (wfb::member_of benin unido) (wfb::member_of benin upu) (wfb::member_of benin wadb) (wfb::member_of benin wcl) (wfb::member_of benin wftu) (wfb::member_of benin who) (wfb::member_of benin wipo) (wfb::member_of benin wmo) (wfb::member_of benin wto) (wfb::diplomatic_representation_in_us benin chief_of_mission "Ambassador Lucien Edgar TONOUKOUIN") (wfb::diplomatic_representation_in_us benin chancery "2737 Cathedral Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008") (wfb::diplomatic_representation_in_us benin telephone "[1] (202) 232-6656, 6657, 6658") (wfb::diplomatic_representation_in_us benin fax "[1] (202) 265-1996") (wfb::us_diplomatic_representation benin chief_of_mission "Ambassador Ruth A. DAVIS") (wfb::us_diplomatic_representation benin embassy "Rue Caporal Bernard Anani, Cotonou") (wfb::us_diplomatic_representation benin mailing_address "B. P. 2012, Cotonou") (wfb::us_diplomatic_representation benin telephone "[229] 30-06-50, 30-05-13, 30-17-92") (wfb::us_diplomatic_representation benin fax "[229] 41-15-22") (wfb::flag benin "two equal horizontal bands of yellow (top) and red with a vertical green band on the hoist side") (wfb::overview benin "The economy of Benin remains underdeveloped and dependent on subsistence agriculture, cotton production, and regional trade. Growth in real output has averaged a sound 4% in 1991-94 but this rate barely exceeds the rapid population growth of 3.3%. Inflation jumped to 35% in 1994 (compared to 3% in 1993) following the 50% currency devaluation in January. Commercial and transport activities, which make up almost 36% of GDP, are extremely vulnerable to developments in Nigeria as evidenced by decreased reexport trade in 1994 due to a severe contraction in Nigerian demand. The industrial sector accounts for less than 10% of GDP and mainly produces foods, beverages, cement, and textiles. Support by the Paris Club and official bilateral creditors has eased the external debt situation in recent years. The government, still burdened with money-losing state enterprises and a bloated civil service, is gradually implementing a World Bank supported structural adjustment program.") (wfb::national_product benin (* 6.7000003e+9 $)) (wfb::national_product_real_growth_rate benin (* 4 %)) (wfb::national_product_per_capita benin (* 1260 $)) (wfb::|Inflation rate (consumer prices)| benin "35% (1994 est.)") (wfb::unemployment_rate benin (* n/a %)) (wfb::budget benin revenues (* 2.72e+8 $)) (wfb::budget benin expenditures (* 3.75e+8 $)) (wfb::budget benin capital_expenditures (* 8.4e+7 $)) (wfb::exports benin (* 3.32e+8 $)) (wfb::exports benin commodities cotton n/a) (wfb::exports benin commodities crude_oil n/a) (wfb::exports benin commodities palm_products n/a) (wfb::exports benin commodities cocoa n/a) (wfb::exports benin partners frg (* 36 %)) (wfb::exports benin partners france (* 16 %)) (wfb::exports benin partners spain (* 14 %)) (wfb::exports benin partners italy (* 8 %)) (wfb::exports benin partners uk (* 4 %)) (wfb::imports benin (* 5.71e+8 $)) (wfb::imports benin commodities foodstuffs n/a) (wfb::imports benin commodities beverages n/a) (wfb::imports benin commodities tobacco n/a) (wfb::imports benin commodities petroleum_products-commodity n/a) (wfb::imports benin commodities intermediate_goods n/a) (wfb::imports benin commodities capital_goods n/a) (wfb::imports benin commodities light_consumer_goods n/a) (wfb::imports benin partners france (* 20 %)) (wfb::imports benin partners thailand (* 8 %)) (wfb::imports benin partners netherlands (* 7 %)) (wfb::imports benin partners us (* 5 %)) (wfb::external_debt benin (* 1.0e+9 $)) (wfb::industrial_production benin growth_rate (* -0.7 %)) (wfb::industrial_production benin accounts_for (* 10 %_of_gdp)) (wfb::electricity benin capacity (* 30000 kw)) (wfb::electricity benin production (* 1.0e+7 kwh)) (wfb::electricity benin consumption_per_capita (* 25 kwh)) (wfb::industry benin textiles) (wfb::industry benin cigarettes) (wfb::industry benin construction_materials-industry) (wfb::industry benin beverages-industry) (wfb::industry benin food-industry) (wfb::industry benin petroleum-industry) (wfb::agriculture benin "accounts for 35% of GDP; small farms produce 90% of agricultural output; production is dominated by food crops - corn, sorghum, cassava, yams, beans, rice; cash crops include cotton, palm oil, peanuts; poultry and livestock output has not kept up with consumption") (wfb::illicit_drugs benin "transshipment point for narcotics associated with Nigerian trafficking organizations and most commonly destined for Western Europe and the US") (wfb::economic_aid benin recipient "US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-89), $46 million; Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-89), $1.3 billion; OPEC bilateral aid (1979-89), $19 million; Communist countries (1970-89), $101 million") (wfb::currency benin cfa_franc 100 centimes) (wfb::exchange_rates benin "Communaute Financiere Africaine francs (CFAF) per US$1 - 529.43 (January 1995), 555.20 (1994), 283.16 (1993), 264.69 (1992), 282.11 (1991), 272.26 (1990)") (wfb::fiscal_year benin date_1_jan date_31_dec) (wfb::railroads benin total "578 km (single track)") (wfb::railroads benin narrow_gauge "578 km 1.000-m gauge") (wfb::highways benin total (* 8435 km)) (wfb::highways benin paved (* 1038 km)) (wfb::highways benin crushed_stone (* 2600 km)) (wfb::highways benin improved_earth (* 1530 km)) (wfb::highways benin unimproved_earth (* 3267 km)) (wfb::inland_waterways benin "navigable along small sections, important only locally") (wfb::port benin cotonou-benin) (wfb::port benin porto-novo-benin) (wfb::merchant_marine benin "none") (wfb::airports benin total 7) (wfb::airports benin |with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m| 1) (wfb::airports benin |with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m| 1) (wfb::airports benin |with unpaved runways 1,524 to 2,438 m| 1) (wfb::airports benin |with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m| 4) (wfb::telephone_system benin "NA telephones; fair system of open wire and microwave radio relay") (wfb::telephone_system benin local "NA") (wfb::telephone_system benin intercity "microwave radio relay and open wire") (wfb::telephone_system benin international "1 Atlantic Ocean INTELSAT earth station, submarine cable") (wfb::radio benin broadcast_stations am 2) (wfb::radio benin broadcast_stations fm 2) (wfb::radio benin broadcast_stations shortwave 0) (wfb::radio benin radios n/a) (wfb::television benin broadcast_stations 2) (wfb::television benin televisions n/a) (wfb::defense_branch benin armed_forces_benin) (wfb::defense_branch benin national_gendarmerie_benin) (wfb::manpower_availability benin "males age 15-49 1,165,463; females age 15-49 1,249,234; males fit for military service 596,956; females fit for military service 631,780; males reach military age (18) annually 60,282 (1995 est.); females reach military age (18) annually 58,770 (1995 est.)") (wfb::defense_expenditures benin (* 3.3e+7 $)) (wfb::defense_expenditures benin (* 3.2 %_of_gdp)))) (botswana ((wfb::location botswana "Southern Africa, north of South Africa") (wfb::map_references botswana "Africa") (wfb::area botswana total_area (* 600370 sq_km)) (wfb::area botswana land_area (* 585370 sq_km)) (wfb::area botswana comparative_area "slightly smaller than Texas") (wfb::borders botswana total (* 4013 km)) (wfb::borders botswana namibia (* 1360 km)) (wfb::borders botswana south_africa (* 1840 km)) (wfb::borders botswana zimbabwe (* 813 km)) (wfb::coastline botswana (* 0 km)) (wfb::maritime_claims botswana "none; landlocked") (wfb::international_disputes botswana "short section of boundary with Namibia is indefinite") (wfb::international_disputes botswana "quadripoint with Namibia, Zambia, and Zimbabwe is in disagreement") (wfb::international_disputes botswana "dispute with Namibia over uninhabited Kasikili (Sidudu) Island in Linyanti (Chobe) River remained unresolved in mid-February 1995 and the parties agreed to refer the matter to the International Court of Justice") (wfb::climate botswana "semiarid") (wfb::climate botswana "warm winters and hot summers") (wfb::terrain botswana "predominately flat to gently rolling tableland") (wfb::terrain botswana "Kalahari Desert in southwest") (wfb::natural-resource botswana diamonds) (wfb::natural-resource botswana copper) (wfb::natural-resource botswana nickel) (wfb::natural-resource botswana salt) (wfb::natural-resource botswana soda_ash) (wfb::natural-resource botswana potash) (wfb::natural-resource botswana coal) (wfb::natural-resource botswana iron_ore) (wfb::natural-resource botswana silver) (wfb::land_use botswana arable_land (* 2 %)) (wfb::land_use botswana permanent_crops (* 0 %)) (wfb::land_use botswana meadows_and_pastures (* 75 %)) (wfb::land_use botswana forest_and_woodland (* 2 %)) (wfb::land_use botswana other (* 21 %)) (wfb::irrigated_land botswana (* 20 sq_km)) (wfb::environment botswana current_issues "overgrazing, primarily as a result of the expansion of the cattle population") (wfb::environment botswana current_issues "desertification") (wfb::environment botswana current_issues "limited natural fresh water resources") (wfb::environment botswana natural_hazards "periodic droughts") (wfb::environment botswana natural_hazards "seasonal August winds blow from the west, carrying sand and dust across the country, which can obscure visibility") (wfb::environment botswana international_agreements "party to - Climate Change, Endangered Species, Law of the Sea, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection") (wfb::environment botswana international_agreements "signed, but not ratified - Biodiversity") (wfb::note botswana "landlocked; population concentrated in eastern part of the country") (wfb::population botswana 1392414) (wfb::age_structure botswana 0-14_years (* 43 %)) (wfb::age_structure_by_sex botswana 0-14_years female 300598) (wfb::age_structure_by_sex botswana 0-14_years male 303333) (wfb::age_structure botswana 15-64_years (* 53 %)) (wfb::age_structure_by_sex botswana 15-64_years female 398347) (wfb::age_structure_by_sex botswana 15-64_years male 344838) (wfb::age_structure botswana 65_years_and_over (* 4 %)) (wfb::age_structure_by_sex botswana 65_years_and_over female 25773) (wfb::age_structure_by_sex botswana 65_years_and_over male 19525) (wfb::population_growth_rate botswana (* 2.36 %)) (wfb::birth_rate botswana (* 31.01 |births/1,000 population|)) (wfb::death_rate botswana (* 7.41 |deaths/1,000 population|)) (wfb::net_migration_rate botswana (* 0 |migrant(s)/1,000 population|)) (wfb::infant_mortality_rate botswana (* 38 |deaths/1,000 live births|)) (wfb::life_expectancy_at_birth botswana total_population (* 63.56 years)) (wfb::life_expectancy_at_birth botswana male (* 60.54 years)) (wfb::life_expectancy_at_birth botswana female (* 66.67 years)) (wfb::total_fertility_rate botswana (* 3.86 children_born/woman)) (wfb::nationality botswana noun "Motswana (singular), Batswana (plural)") (wfb::nationality botswana adjective "Motswana (singular), Batswana (plural)") (wfb::ethnic-entity botswana batswana (* 95 %)) (wfb::ethnic-entity botswana union1 (* 4 %)) (wfb::ethnic-entity botswana white (* 1 %)) (wfb::religion botswana indigenous_beliefs (* 50 %)) (wfb::religion botswana christian (* 50 %)) (wfb::language botswana english n/a) (wfb::language botswana setswana n/a) (wfb::literacy-condition botswana "age 15 and over can read and write") (wfb::literacy botswana total_population (* 23 %)) (wfb::literacy botswana male (* 32 %)) (wfb::literacy botswana female (* 16 %)) (wfb::total_labor_force botswana 428000) (wfb::names botswana conventional_long_form "Republic of Botswana") (wfb::names botswana conventional_short_form "Botswana") (wfb::names botswana former "Bechuanaland") (wfb::digraph botswana "BC") (type botswana "parliamentary republic") (wfb::capital botswana gaborone-botswana) (wfb::independence botswana date_30_sep_1966 "UK") (wfb::national_holiday botswana "Independence Day" date_30_sep) (wfb::constitution botswana "March 1965, effective 30 September 1966") (wfb::legal_system botswana "based on Roman-Dutch law and local customary law; judicial review limited to matters of interpretation; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction") (wfb::suffrage botswana (* 21 years_of_age)) (wfb::executive_branch botswana chief_of_state "President Sir Ketumile MASIRE " date_13_jul_1980) (wfb::executive_branch botswana head_of_government "President Sir Ketumile MASIRE " date_13_jul_1980) (wfb::executive_branch botswana cabinet "Cabinet") (wfb::legislative_structure botswana bicameral "Parliament") (wfb::legislative_branch botswana "House of Chiefs" "is a largely advisory 15-member body consisting of chiefs of the 8 principal tribes, 4 elected subchiefs, and 3 members selected by the other 12") (wfb::legislative_branch botswana "National Assembly" "elections last held 15 October 1994 (next to be held October 1999); results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (44 total of which 40 are elected and 4 are appointed) BDP 27, BNF 13") (wfb::judicial_branch botswana "High Court, Court of Appeal") (wfb::political_parties_and_leaders botswana "Botswana Democratic Party (BDP), Sir Ketumile MASIRE; Botswana National Front (BNF), Kenneth KOMA; Botswana People's Party (BPP), Knight MARIPE; Botswana Independence Party (BIP), Motsamai MPHO") (wfb::member_of botswana acp) (wfb::member_of botswana afdb) (wfb::member_of botswana c) (wfb::member_of botswana ccc) (wfb::member_of botswana eca) (wfb::member_of botswana fao) (wfb::member_of botswana fls) (wfb::member_of botswana g-77) (wfb::member_of botswana gatt) (wfb::member_of botswana ibrd) (wfb::member_of botswana icao) (wfb::member_of botswana icftu) (wfb::member_of botswana icrm) (wfb::member_of botswana ida) (wfb::member_of botswana ifad) (wfb::member_of botswana ifc) (wfb::member_of botswana ifrcs) (wfb::member_of botswana ilo) (wfb::member_of botswana imf) (wfb::member_of botswana intelsat) (wfb::member_of botswana interpol) (wfb::member_of botswana ioc) (wfb::member_of botswana itu) (wfb::member_of botswana nam) (wfb::member_of botswana oau) (wfb::member_of botswana sacu) (wfb::member_of botswana sadc) (wfb::member_of botswana un) (wfb::member_of botswana unctad) (wfb::member_of botswana unesco) (wfb::member_of botswana unido) (wfb::member_of botswana unomoz) (wfb::member_of botswana unomur) (wfb::member_of botswana unosom) (wfb::member_of botswana upu) (wfb::member_of botswana wcl) (wfb::member_of botswana wftu) (wfb::member_of botswana who) (wfb::member_of botswana wmo) (wfb::diplomatic_representation_in_us botswana chief_of_mission "Ambassador Botsweletse Kingsley SEBELE") (wfb::diplomatic_representation_in_us botswana chancery "Suite 7M, 3400 International Drive NW, Washington, DC 20008") (wfb::diplomatic_representation_in_us botswana telephone "[1] (202) 244-4990, 4991") (wfb::diplomatic_representation_in_us botswana fax "[1] (202) 244-4164") (wfb::us_diplomatic_representation botswana chief_of_mission "Ambassador Howard F. JETER") (wfb::us_diplomatic_representation botswana embassy "address NA, Gaborone") (wfb::us_diplomatic_representation botswana mailing_address "P. O. Box 90, Gaborone") (wfb::us_diplomatic_representation botswana telephone "[267] 353982") (wfb::us_diplomatic_representation botswana fax "[267] 356947") (wfb::flag botswana "light blue with a horizontal white-edged black stripe in the center") (wfb::overview botswana "The economy has historically been based on cattle raising and crops. Agriculture today provides a livelihood for more than 80% of the population but supplies only about 50% of food needs and accounts for only 5% of GDP. Subsistence farming and cattle raising predominate. The driving force behind the rapid economic growth of the 1970s and 1980s has been the mining industry. This sector, mostly on the strength of diamonds, has gone from generating 25% of GDP in 1980 to 39% in 1994. No other sector has experienced such growth, especially not agriculture, which is plagued by erratic rainfall and poor soils. The unemployment rate remains a problem at 25%. Hampered by a still sluggish diamond market in 1994, GDP grew by only 1%.") (wfb::national_product botswana (* 4.3000003e+9 $)) (wfb::national_product_real_growth_rate botswana (* 1 %)) (wfb::national_product_per_capita botswana (* 3130 $)) (wfb::|Inflation rate (consumer prices)| botswana "10% (1994 est.)") (wfb::unemployment_rate botswana (* 25 %)) (wfb::budget botswana revenues (* 1.7e+9 $)) (wfb::budget botswana expenditures (* 1.99e+9 $)) (wfb::budget botswana capital_expenditures (* 6.52e+8 $)) (wfb::exports botswana (* 1.8e+9 $)) (wfb::exports botswana commodities diamonds-commodity (* 78 %)) (wfb::exports botswana commodities copper_and_nickel (* 6 %)) (wfb::exports botswana commodities meat (* 5 %)) (wfb::exports botswana partners switzerland n/a) (wfb::exports botswana partners uk n/a) (wfb::exports botswana partners sacu-region n/a) (wfb::imports botswana (* 1.8e+9 $)) (wfb::imports botswana commodities foodstuffs n/a) (wfb::imports botswana commodities vehicles_and_transport_equipment n/a) (wfb::imports botswana commodities textiles-commodity n/a) (wfb::imports botswana commodities petroleum_products-commodity n/a) (wfb::imports botswana partners switzerland n/a) (wfb::imports botswana partners sacu-georef n/a) (wfb::imports botswana partners uk n/a) (wfb::imports botswana partners us n/a) (wfb::external_debt botswana (* 3.44e+8 $)) (wfb::industrial_production botswana growth_rate (* 4.6 %)) (wfb::electricity botswana capacity (* 220000 kw)) (wfb::electricity botswana production (* 9.0e+8 kwh)) (wfb::electricity botswana consumption_per_capita (* 694 kwh)) (wfb::industry botswana mining_of_diamonds) (wfb::industry botswana copper-industry) (wfb::industry botswana nickel-industry) (wfb::industry botswana coal-industry) (wfb::industry botswana salt-industry) (wfb::industry botswana soda_ash-industry) (wfb::industry botswana potash-industry) (wfb::industry botswana livestock_processing) (wfb::agriculture botswana "sorghum, maize, millet, pulses, groundnuts, beans, cowpeas, sunflower seeds; livestock") (wfb::economic_aid botswana recipient "US aid (1992), $13 million; Norway (1992), $16 million; Sweden (1992), $15.5 million; Germany (1992), $3.6 million; EC/Lome-IV (1992), $3 million-$6 million in grants; $28.7 million in long-term projects (1992)") (wfb::currency botswana pula 100 thebe) (wfb::exchange_rates botswana "pula (P) per US$1 - 1.7086 (January 1995), 2.6976 (November 1994), 2.4190 (1993), 2.1327 (1992), 2.0173 (1991), 1.8601 (1990)") (wfb::fiscal_year botswana date_1_apr date_31_mar) (wfb::railroads botswana total "888 km") (wfb::railroads botswana narrow_gauge "888 km 1.067-m gauge (1992)") (wfb::highways botswana total (* 11514 km)) (wfb::highways botswana paved (* 1600 km)) (wfb::highways botswana (union crushed_stone gravel) (* 1700 km)) (wfb::highways botswana improved_earth (* 5177 km)) (wfb::highways botswana unimproved_earth (* 3037 km)) (wfb::airports botswana total 100) (wfb::airports botswana |with paved runways over 3,047 m| 1) (wfb::airports botswana |with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m| 1) (wfb::airports botswana |with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m| 6) (wfb::airports botswana |with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m| 2) (wfb::airports botswana with_paved_runways_under_914_m 23) (wfb::airports botswana |with unpaved runways 1,524 to 2,438 m| 5) (wfb::airports botswana |with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m| 62) (wfb::telephone_system botswana "26,000 telephones; sparse system; telephone density - 18.67 telephones/1,000 persons") (wfb::telephone_system botswana local "NA") (wfb::telephone_system botswana intercity "small system of open wire lines, microwave radio relay links, and a few radio communication stations") (wfb::telephone_system botswana international "1 INTELSAT (Indian Ocean) earth station") (wfb::radio botswana broadcast_stations am 7) (wfb::radio botswana broadcast_stations fm 13) (wfb::radio botswana broadcast_stations shortwave 0) (wfb::radio botswana radios n/a) (wfb::television botswana broadcast_stations 0) (wfb::television botswana televisions n/a) (wfb::defense_branch botswana botswana_defense_force_botswana) (wfb::defense_branch botswana botswana_national_police_botswana) (wfb::manpower_availability botswana "males age 15-49 306,878; males fit for military service 161,376; males reach military age (18) annually 15,403 (1995 est.)") (wfb::defense_expenditures botswana (* 1.98e+8 $)) (wfb::defense_expenditures botswana (* 5.2 %_of_gdp)))) (burkina ((wfb::location burkina "Western Africa, north of Ghana") (wfb::map_references burkina "Africa") (wfb::area burkina total_area (* 274200 sq_km)) (wfb::area burkina land_area (* 273800 sq_km)) (wfb::area burkina comparative_area "slightly larger than Colorado") (wfb::borders burkina total (* 3192 km)) (wfb::borders burkina benin (* 306 km)) (wfb::borders burkina ghana (* 548 km)) (wfb::borders burkina |Cote d'Ivoire| (* 584 km)) (wfb::borders burkina mali (* 1000 km)) (wfb::borders burkina niger (* 628 km)) (wfb::borders burkina togo (* 126 km)) (wfb::coastline burkina (* 0 km)) (wfb::maritime_claims burkina "none; landlocked") (wfb::international_disputes burkina "following mutual acceptance of an International Court of Justice (ICJ) ruling in December 1986 on their international boundary dispute, Burkina and Mali are proceeding with boundary demarcation, including the tripoint with Niger") (wfb::climate burkina "tropical") (wfb::climate burkina "warm, dry winters") (wfb::climate burkina "hot, wet summers") (wfb::terrain burkina "mostly flat to dissected, undulating plains") (wfb::terrain burkina "hills in west and southeast") (wfb::natural-resource burkina manganese) (wfb::natural-resource burkina limestone) (wfb::natural-resource burkina marble) (wfb::natural-resource burkina small_deposits_of_gold) (wfb::natural-resource burkina antimony) (wfb::natural-resource burkina copper) (wfb::natural-resource burkina nickel) (wfb::natural-resource burkina bauxite) (wfb::natural-resource burkina lead) (wfb::natural-resource burkina phosphates) (wfb::natural-resource burkina zinc) (wfb::natural-resource burkina silver) (wfb::land_use burkina arable_land (* 10 %)) (wfb::land_use burkina permanent_crops (* 0 %)) (wfb::land_use burkina meadows_and_pastures (* 37 %)) (wfb::land_use burkina forest_and_woodland (* 26 %)) (wfb::land_use burkina other (* 27 %)) (wfb::irrigated_land burkina (* 160 sq_km)) (wfb::environment burkina current_issues "recent droughts and desertification severely affecting agricultural activities, population distribution, and the economy") (wfb::environment burkina current_issues "overgrazing") (wfb::environment burkina current_issues "soil degradation") (wfb::environment burkina current_issues "deforestation") (wfb::environment burkina natural_hazards "recurring droughts") (wfb::environment burkina international_agreements "party to - Biodiversity, Climate Change, Endangered Species, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands") (wfb::environment burkina international_agreements "signed, but not ratified - Desertification, Law of the Sea, Nuclear Test Ban") (wfb::note burkina "landlocked") (wfb::population burkina 10422828) (wfb::age_structure burkina 0-14_years (* 48 %)) (wfb::age_structure_by_sex burkina 0-14_years female 2488662) (wfb::age_structure_by_sex burkina 0-14_years male 2517245) (wfb::age_structure burkina 15-64_years (* 49 %)) (wfb::age_structure_by_sex burkina 15-64_years female 2707601) (wfb::age_structure_by_sex burkina 15-64_years male 2378957) (wfb::age_structure burkina 65_years_and_over (* 3 %)) (wfb::age_structure_by_sex burkina 65_years_and_over female 184578) (wfb::age_structure_by_sex burkina 65_years_and_over male 145785) (wfb::population_growth_rate burkina (* 2.79 %)) (wfb::birth_rate burkina (* 48.05 |births/1,000 population|)) (wfb::death_rate burkina (* 18.22 |deaths/1,000 population|)) (wfb::net_migration_rate burkina (* -1.9 |migrant(s)/1,000 population|)) (wfb::infant_mortality_rate burkina (* 116.9 |deaths/1,000 live births|)) (wfb::life_expectancy_at_birth burkina total_population (* 46.6 years)) (wfb::life_expectancy_at_birth burkina male (* 45.71 years)) (wfb::life_expectancy_at_birth burkina female (* 47.51 years)) (wfb::total_fertility_rate burkina (* 6.88 children_born/woman)) (wfb::nationality burkina noun "Burkinabe (singular and plural)") (wfb::nationality burkina adjective "Burkinabe") (wfb::ethnic-entity burkina mossi n/a) (wfb::ethnic-entity burkina gurunsi n/a) (wfb::ethnic-entity burkina senufo n/a) (wfb::ethnic-entity burkina lobi n/a) (wfb::ethnic-entity burkina bobo n/a) (wfb::ethnic-entity burkina mande n/a) (wfb::ethnic-entity burkina fulani n/a) (wfb::religion burkina indigenous_beliefs (* 40 %)) (wfb::religion burkina muslim (* 50 %)) (wfb::religion burkina |Christian (mainly Roman Catholic)| (* 10 %)) (wfb::language burkina french n/a) (wfb::language burkina tribal_languages_belonging_to_sudanic_family n/a) (wfb::literacy-condition burkina "age 15 and over can read and write") (wfb::literacy burkina total_population (* 18 %)) (wfb::literacy burkina male (* 28 %)) (wfb::literacy burkina female (* 9 %)) (wfb::labor_force_by_occupation burkina agriculture (* 80 %)) (wfb::labor_force_by_occupation burkina industry (* 15 %)) (wfb::labor_force_by_occupation burkina commerce n/a) (wfb::labor_force_by_occupation burkina services n/a) (wfb::labor_force_by_occupation burkina government (* 5 %)) (wfb::names burkina conventional_long_form "Burkina Faso") (wfb::names burkina conventional_short_form "Burkina") (wfb::names burkina former "Upper Volta") (wfb::digraph burkina "UV") (type burkina "parliamentary") (wfb::capital burkina ouagadougou-burkina) (wfb::administrative_divisions burkina adm_div_burkina_provinces 30) (wfb::administrative_division_of burkina adm_div_burkina_provinces "Bam") (wfb::administrative_division_of burkina adm_div_burkina_provinces "Bazega") (wfb::administrative_division_of burkina adm_div_burkina_provinces "Bougouriba") (wfb::administrative_division_of burkina adm_div_burkina_provinces "Boulgou") (wfb::administrative_division_of burkina adm_div_burkina_provinces "Boulkiemde") (wfb::administrative_division_of burkina adm_div_burkina_provinces "Ganzourgou") (wfb::administrative_division_of burkina adm_div_burkina_provinces "Gnagna") (wfb::administrative_division_of burkina adm_div_burkina_provinces "Gourma") (wfb::administrative_division_of burkina adm_div_burkina_provinces "Houet") (wfb::administrative_division_of burkina adm_div_burkina_provinces "Kadiogo") (wfb::administrative_division_of burkina adm_div_burkina_provinces "Kenedougou") (wfb::administrative_division_of burkina adm_div_burkina_provinces "Komoe") (wfb::administrative_division_of burkina adm_div_burkina_provinces "Kossi") (wfb::administrative_division_of burkina adm_div_burkina_provinces "Kouritenga") (wfb::administrative_division_of burkina adm_div_burkina_provinces "Mouhoun") (wfb::administrative_division_of burkina adm_div_burkina_provinces "Namentenga") (wfb::administrative_division_of burkina adm_div_burkina_provinces "Naouri") (wfb::administrative_division_of burkina adm_div_burkina_provinces "Oubritenga") (wfb::administrative_division_of burkina adm_div_burkina_provinces "Oudalan") (wfb::administrative_division_of burkina adm_div_burkina_provinces "Passore") (wfb::administrative_division_of burkina adm_div_burkina_provinces "Poni") (wfb::administrative_division_of burkina adm_div_burkina_provinces "Sanguie") (wfb::administrative_division_of burkina adm_div_burkina_provinces "Sanmatenga") (wfb::administrative_division_of burkina adm_div_burkina_provinces "Seno") (wfb::administrative_division_of burkina adm_div_burkina_provinces "Sissili") (wfb::administrative_division_of burkina adm_div_burkina_provinces "Soum") (wfb::administrative_division_of burkina adm_div_burkina_provinces "Sourou") (wfb::administrative_division_of burkina adm_div_burkina_provinces "Tapoa") (wfb::administrative_division_of burkina adm_div_burkina_provinces "Yatenga") (wfb::administrative_division_of burkina adm_div_burkina_provinces "Zoundweogo") (wfb::independence burkina date_5_aug_1960 "France") (wfb::national_holiday burkina "Anniversary of the Revolution" date_4_aug) (wfb::constitution burkina "2 June 1991") (wfb::legal_system burkina "based on French civil law system and customary law") (wfb::executive_branch burkina chief_of_state "President Captain Blaise COMPAORE " date_15_oct_1987) (wfb::executive_branch burkina head_of_government "Prime Minister Roch KABORE " date_mar_1994) (wfb::executive_branch burkina cabinet "Council of Ministers") (wfb::legislative_structure burkina unicameral n/a) (wfb::legislative_branch burkina "Assembly of People's Deputies" "elections last held 24 May 1992 (next to be held 1997); results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (107 total), ODP-MT 78, CNPP-PSD 12, RDA 6, ADF 4, other 7") (wfb::judicial_branch burkina "Appeals Court") (wfb::political_parties_and_leaders burkina "Organization for People's Democracy - Labor Movement (ODP-MT), ruling party, Simon COMPAORE, Secretary General; National Convention of Progressive Patriots-Social Democratic Party (CNPP-PSD), Moussa BOLY; African Democratic Rally (RDA), Gerard Kango OUEDRAOGO; Alliance for Democracy and Federation (ADF), Amadou Michel NANA") (wfb::other_political_or_pressure_groups burkina "committees for the defense of the revolution; watchdog/political action groups throughout the country in both organizations and communities") (wfb::member_of burkina acct) (wfb::member_of burkina acp) (wfb::member_of burkina afdb) (wfb::member_of burkina ccc) (wfb::member_of burkina ceao) (wfb::member_of burkina eca) (wfb::member_of burkina ecowas) (wfb::member_of burkina entente) (wfb::member_of burkina fao) (wfb::member_of burkina fz) (wfb::member_of burkina g-77) (wfb::member_of burkina gatt) (wfb::member_of burkina ibrd) (wfb::member_of burkina icao) (wfb::member_of burkina icc) (wfb::member_of burkina icftu) (wfb::member_of burkina icrm) (wfb::member_of burkina ida) (wfb::member_of burkina idb) (wfb::member_of burkina ifad) (wfb::member_of burkina ifc) (wfb::member_of burkina ifrcs) (wfb::member_of burkina ilo) (wfb::member_of burkina imf) (wfb::member_of burkina intelsat) (wfb::member_of burkina interpol) (wfb::member_of burkina ioc) (wfb::member_of burkina itu) (wfb::member_of burkina nam) (wfb::member_of burkina oau) (wfb::member_of burkina oic) (wfb::member_of burkina pca) (wfb::member_of burkina un) (wfb::member_of burkina unctad) (wfb::member_of burkina unesco) (wfb::member_of burkina unido) (wfb::member_of burkina upu) (wfb::member_of burkina wadb) (wfb::member_of burkina wcl) (wfb::member_of burkina wftu) (wfb::member_of burkina who) (wfb::member_of burkina wipo) (wfb::member_of burkina wmo) (wfb::member_of burkina wto) (wfb::diplomatic_representation_in_us burkina chief_of_mission "Ambassador Gaetan R. OUEDRAOGO") (wfb::diplomatic_representation_in_us burkina chancery "2340 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008") (wfb::diplomatic_representation_in_us burkina telephone "[1] (202) 332-5577, 6895") (wfb::us_diplomatic_representation burkina chief_of_mission "Ambassador Donald J. McCONNELL") (wfb::us_diplomatic_representation burkina embassy "Avenue Raoul Follerau, Ouagadougou") (wfb::us_diplomatic_representation burkina mailing_address "01 B. P. 35, Ouagadougou") (wfb::us_diplomatic_representation burkina telephone "[226] 306723 through 306725") (wfb::us_diplomatic_representation burkina fax "[226] 312368") (wfb::flag burkina "two equal horizontal bands of red (top) and green with a yellow five-pointed star in the center; uses the popular pan-African colors of Ethiopia") (wfb::overview burkina "One of the poorest countries in the world, Burkina has a high population density and a high population growth rate, few natural resources, and a fragile soil. Economic development is hindered by a poor communications network within a landlocked country. Agriculture provides about 40% of GDP and is mainly of a subsistence nature. Industry, dominated by unprofitable government-controlled corporations, accounts for about 15% of GDP. Following the 50% currency devaluation in January 1994, the government updated its development program in conjunction with international agencies. Even with the best of plans, however, the government faces formidable problems on all sides.") (wfb::national_product burkina (* 6.4999997e+9 $)) (wfb::national_product_real_growth_rate burkina (* 0.4 %)) (wfb::national_product_per_capita burkina (* 660 $)) (wfb::|Inflation rate (consumer prices)| burkina "-0.6% (1993 est.)") (wfb::unemployment_rate burkina (* n/a %)) (wfb::budget burkina revenues (* 4.83e+8 $)) (wfb::budget burkina expenditures (* 5.48e+8 $)) (wfb::budget burkina capital_expenditures (* 1.89e+8 $)) (wfb::exports burkina (* 2.73e+8 $)) (wfb::exports burkina commodities cotton n/a) (wfb::exports burkina commodities gold-commodity n/a) (wfb::exports burkina commodities animal_products n/a) (wfb::exports burkina partners ec (* 42 %)) (wfb::exports burkina partners |Cote d'Ivoire| (* 11 %)) (wfb::exports burkina partners taiwan (* 15 %)) (wfb::imports burkina (* 6.36e+8 $)) (wfb::imports burkina commodities machinery n/a) (wfb::imports burkina commodities food_products n/a) (wfb::imports burkina commodities petroleum-commodity n/a) (wfb::imports burkina partners ec (* 49 %)) (wfb::imports burkina partners africa (* 24 %)) (wfb::imports burkina partners japan (* 6 %)) (wfb::external_debt burkina (* 8.65e+8 $)) (wfb::industrial_production burkina growth_rate (* 6.7 %)) (wfb::electricity burkina capacity (* 60000 kw)) (wfb::electricity burkina production (* 1.9e+8 kwh)) (wfb::electricity burkina consumption_per_capita (* 17 kwh)) (wfb::industry burkina cotton_lint) (wfb::industry burkina beverages-industry) (wfb::industry burkina agricultural_processing) (wfb::industry burkina soap) (wfb::industry burkina cigarettes) (wfb::industry burkina textiles) (wfb::industry burkina gold_mining_and_extraction) (wfb::agriculture burkina "accounts for about 40% of GDP; cash crops - peanuts, shea nuts, sesame, cotton; food crops - sorghum, millet, corn, rice; livestock; not self-sufficient in food grains") (wfb::economic_aid burkina recipient "US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-89), $294 million; Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-89), $2.9 billion; Communist countries (1970-89), $113 million") (wfb::currency burkina cfa_franc 100 centimes) (wfb::exchange_rates burkina "CFA francs (CFAF) per US$1 - 529.43 (January 1995), 555.20 (1995), 283.16 (1993), 264.69 (1992), 282.11 (1991), 272.26 (1990)") (wfb::fiscal_year burkina date_1_jan date_31_dec) (wfb::railroads burkina total "620 km (520 km Ouagadougou to Cote d'Ivoire border and 100 km Ouagadougou to Kaya; single track)") (wfb::railroads burkina narrow_gauge "620 km 1.000-m gauge") (wfb::highways burkina total (* 16500 km)) (wfb::highways burkina paved (* 1300 km)) (wfb::highways burkina improved_earth (* 7400 km)) (wfb::highways burkina unimproved_earth (* 7800 km)) (wfb::airports burkina total 48) (wfb::airports burkina |with paved runways over 3,047 m| 1) (wfb::airports burkina |with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m| 1) (wfb::airports burkina with_paved_runways_under_914_m 26) (wfb::airports burkina |with unpaved runways 1,524 to 2,438 m| 4) (wfb::airports burkina |with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m| 16) (wfb::telephone_system burkina "NA telephones; all services only fair") (wfb::telephone_system burkina local "NA") (wfb::telephone_system burkina intercity "microwave radio relay, wire, and radio communication stations") (wfb::telephone_system burkina international "1 Atlantic Ocean INTELSAT earth station") (wfb::radio burkina broadcast_stations am 2) (wfb::radio burkina broadcast_stations fm 1) (wfb::radio burkina broadcast_stations shortwave 0) (wfb::radio burkina radios n/a) (wfb::television burkina broadcast_stations 2) (wfb::television burkina televisions n/a) (wfb::defense_branch burkina army_burkina) (wfb::defense_branch burkina air_force_burkina) (wfb::defense_branch burkina national_gendarmerie_burkina) (wfb::defense_branch burkina national_police_burkina) (wfb::defense_branch burkina |People's Militia_burkina|) (wfb::manpower_availability burkina "males age 15-49 2,081,999; males fit for military service 1,065,605 (1995 est.)") (wfb::defense_expenditures burkina (* 1.04e+8 $)) (wfb::defense_expenditures burkina (* 6.4 %_of_gdp)))) (burundi ((wfb::location burundi "Central Africa, east of Zaire") (wfb::map_references burundi "Africa") (wfb::area burundi total_area (* 27830 sq_km)) (wfb::area burundi land_area (* 25650 sq_km)) (wfb::area burundi comparative_area "slightly larger than Maryland") (wfb::borders burundi total (* 974 km)) (wfb::borders burundi rwanda (* 290 km)) (wfb::borders burundi tanzania (* 451 km)) (wfb::borders burundi zaire (* 233 km)) (wfb::coastline burundi (* 0 km)) (wfb::maritime_claims burundi "none; landlocked") (wfb::international_disputes burundi "none") (wfb::climate burundi "temperate") (wfb::climate burundi "warm") (wfb::climate burundi "occasional frost in uplands") (wfb::climate burundi "dry season from June to September") (wfb::terrain burundi "hilly and mountainous, dropping to a plateau in east, some plains") (wfb::natural-resource burundi nickel) (wfb::natural-resource burundi uranium) (wfb::natural-resource burundi rare_earth_oxide) (wfb::natural-resource burundi peat) (wfb::natural-resource burundi cobalt) (wfb::natural-resource burundi copper) (wfb::natural-resource burundi |platinum (not yet exploited)|) (wfb::natural-resource burundi vanadium) (wfb::land_use burundi arable_land (* 43 %)) (wfb::land_use burundi permanent_crops (* 8 %)) (wfb::land_use burundi meadows_and_pastures (* 35 %)) (wfb::land_use burundi forest_and_woodland (* 2 %)) (wfb::land_use burundi other (* 12 %)) (wfb::irrigated_land burundi (* 720 sq_km)) (wfb::environment burundi current_issues "soil erosion as a result of overgrazing and the expansion of agriculture into marginal lands") (wfb::environment burundi current_issues "deforestation (little forested land remains because of uncontrolled cutting of trees for fuel)") (wfb::environment burundi current_issues "habitat loss threatens wildlife populations") (wfb::environment burundi natural_hazards "flooding, landslides") (wfb::environment burundi international_agreements "party to - Endangered Species") (wfb::environment burundi international_agreements "signed, but not ratified - Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Law of the Sea, Nuclear Test Ban") (wfb::note burundi "landlocked; straddles crest of the Nile-Congo watershed") (wfb::population burundi 6262429) (wfb::age_structure burundi 0-14_years (* 48 %)) (wfb::age_structure_by_sex burundi 0-14_years female 1489721) (wfb::age_structure_by_sex burundi 0-14_years male 1494730) (wfb::age_structure burundi 15-64_years (* 50 %)) (wfb::age_structure_by_sex burundi 15-64_years female 1606307) (wfb::age_structure_by_sex burundi 15-64_years male 1498021) (wfb::age_structure burundi 65_years_and_over (* 2 %)) (wfb::age_structure_by_sex burundi 65_years_and_over female 105446) (wfb::age_structure_by_sex burundi 65_years_and_over male 68204) (wfb::population_growth_rate burundi (* 2.18 %)) (wfb::birth_rate burundi (* 43.35 |births/1,000 population|)) (wfb::death_rate burundi (* 21.51 |deaths/1,000 population|)) (wfb::net_migration_rate burundi (* n/a |migrant(s)/1,000 population|)) (wfb::infant_mortality_rate burundi (* 111.9 |deaths/1,000 live births|)) (wfb::life_expectancy_at_birth burundi total_population (* 39.86 years)) (wfb::life_expectancy_at_birth burundi male (* 37.84 years)) (wfb::life_expectancy_at_birth burundi female (* 41.95 years)) (wfb::total_fertility_rate burundi (* 6.63 children_born/woman)) (wfb::nationality burundi noun "Burundian(s)") (wfb::nationality burundi adjective "Burundi") (wfb::religion burundi christian (* 67 %)) (wfb::religion burundi indigenous_beliefs (* 32 %)) (wfb::religion burundi muslim (* 1 %)) (wfb::language burundi kirundi n/a) (wfb::language burundi french n/a) (wfb::language burundi swahili n/a) (wfb::literacy-condition burundi "age 15 and over can read and write") (wfb::literacy burundi total_population (* 50 %)) (wfb::literacy burundi male (* 61 %)) (wfb::literacy burundi female (* 40 %)) (wfb::total_labor_force burundi 1900000.0) (wfb::labor_force_by_occupation burundi agriculture (* 93.0 %)) (wfb::labor_force_by_occupation burundi government (* 4.0 %)) (wfb::labor_force_by_occupation burundi industry_and_commerce (* 1.5 %)) (wfb::labor_force_by_occupation burundi services (* 1.5 %)) (wfb::names burundi conventional_long_form "Republic of Burundi") (wfb::names burundi conventional_short_form "Burundi") (wfb::names burundi local_long_form "Republika y'u Burundi") (wfb::names burundi local_short_form "Burundi") (wfb::digraph burundi "BY") (type burundi "republic") (wfb::capital burundi bujumbura-burundi) (wfb::administrative_divisions burundi adm_div_burundi_provinces 15) (wfb::administrative_division_of burundi adm_div_burundi_provinces "Bubanza") (wfb::administrative_division_of burundi adm_div_burundi_provinces "Bujumbura") (wfb::administrative_division_of burundi adm_div_burundi_provinces "Bururi") (wfb::administrative_division_of burundi adm_div_burundi_provinces "Cankuzo") (wfb::administrative_division_of burundi adm_div_burundi_provinces "Cibitoke") (wfb::administrative_division_of burundi adm_div_burundi_provinces "Gitega") (wfb::administrative_division_of burundi adm_div_burundi_provinces "Karuzi") (wfb::administrative_division_of burundi adm_div_burundi_provinces "Kayanza") (wfb::administrative_division_of burundi adm_div_burundi_provinces "Kirundo") (wfb::administrative_division_of burundi adm_div_burundi_provinces "Makamba") (wfb::administrative_division_of burundi adm_div_burundi_provinces "Muramvya") (wfb::administrative_division_of burundi adm_div_burundi_provinces "Muyinga") (wfb::administrative_division_of burundi adm_div_burundi_provinces "Ngozi") (wfb::administrative_division_of burundi adm_div_burundi_provinces "Rutana") (wfb::administrative_division_of burundi adm_div_burundi_provinces "Ruyigi") (wfb::independence burundi date_1_jul_1962 "UN trusteeship under Belgian administration") (wfb::national_holiday burundi "Independence Day" date_1_jul) (wfb::constitution burundi "13 March 1992; provides for establishment of a plural political system") (wfb::legal_system burundi "based on German and Belgian civil codes and customary law; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction") (wfb::executive_branch burundi chief_of_state "President Sylvestre NTIBANTUNGANYA " date_sep_1994) (wfb::executive_branch burundi head_of_government "Prime Minister Antoine NDUWAYO " date_feb_1995) (wfb::executive_branch burundi cabinet "Council of Ministers") (wfb::legislative_structure burundi unicameral n/a) (wfb::legislative_branch burundi "National Assembly (Assemblee Nationale)" "elections last held 29 June 1993 (next to be held NA); results - FRODEBU 71%, UPRONA 21.4%; seats - (81 total) FRODEBU 65, UPRONA 16; other parties won too small shares of the vote to win seats in the assembly") (wfb::judicial_branch burundi "Supreme Court (Cour Supreme)") (wfb::political_parties_and_leaders burundi "Unity for National Progress (UPRONA); Burundi Democratic Front (FRODEBU); Organization of the People of Burundi (RBP); Socialist Party of Burundi (PSB); People's Reconciliation Party (PRP); opposition parties, legalized in March 1992, include Burundi African Alliance for the Salvation (ABASA); Rally for Democracy and Economic and Social Development (RADDES); and Party for National Redress (PARENA)") (wfb::other_political_or_pressure_groups burundi "NA;") (wfb::member_of burundi acct) (wfb::member_of burundi acp) (wfb::member_of burundi afdb) (wfb::member_of burundi ccc) (wfb::member_of burundi ceeac) (wfb::member_of burundi cepgl) (wfb::member_of burundi eca) (wfb::member_of burundi fao) (wfb::member_of burundi g-77) (wfb::member_of burundi gatt) (wfb::member_of burundi ibrd) (wfb::member_of burundi icao) (wfb::member_of burundi icrm) (wfb::member_of burundi ida) (wfb::member_of burundi ifad) (wfb::member_of burundi ifc) (wfb::member_of burundi ifrcs) (wfb::member_of burundi ilo) (wfb::member_of burundi imf) (wfb::member_of burundi intelsat) (wfb::member_of burundi interpol) (wfb::member_of burundi ioc) (wfb::member_of burundi iso) (wfb::member_of burundi itu) (wfb::member_of burundi nam) (wfb::member_of burundi oau) (wfb::member_of burundi un) (wfb::member_of burundi unctad) (wfb::member_of burundi unesco) (wfb::member_of burundi unido) (wfb::member_of burundi upu) (wfb::member_of burundi who) (wfb::member_of burundi wipo) (wfb::member_of burundi wmo) (wfb::member_of burundi wto) (wfb::diplomatic_representation_in_us burundi chief_of_mission "post vacant since recall of Ambassador Jacques BACAMURWANKO in November 1994") (wfb::diplomatic_representation_in_us burundi chancery "Suite 212, 2233 Wisconsin Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20007") (wfb::diplomatic_representation_in_us burundi telephone "[1] (202) 342-2574") (wfb::us_diplomatic_representation burundi chief_of_mission "Ambassador Robert C. KRUEGER") (wfb::us_diplomatic_representation burundi embassy "Avenue des Etats-Unis, Bujumbura") (wfb::us_diplomatic_representation burundi mailing_address "B. P. 1720, Bujumbura") (wfb::us_diplomatic_representation burundi telephone "[257] (2) 23454") (wfb::us_diplomatic_representation burundi fax "[257] (2) 22926") (wfb::flag burundi "divided by a white diagonal cross into red panels (top and bottom) and green panels (hoist side and outer side) with a white disk superimposed at the center bearing three red six-pointed stars outlined in green arranged in a triangular design (one star above, two stars below)") (wfb::overview burundi "A landlocked, resource-poor country in an early stage of economic development, Burundi since October 1993 has suffered from massive ethnic-based violence that has displaced an estimated million people, disrupted production, and set back needed reform programs. Burundi is predominately agricultural with roughly 90% of the population dependent on subsistence agriculture. Its economic health depends on the coffee crop, which accounts for 80% of foreign exchange earnings. The ability to pay for imports therefore continues to rest largely on the vagaries of the climate and the international coffee market. As part of its economic reform agenda, launched in February 1991 with IMF and World Bank support, Burundi is trying to diversify its agricultural exports, attract foreign investment in industry, and modernize government budgetary practices. Although the government remains committed to reforms, it fears new austerity measures would add to ethnic tensions.") (wfb::national_product burundi (* 3.7e+9 $)) (wfb::national_product_real_growth_rate burundi (* -13.5 %)) (wfb::national_product_per_capita burundi (* 600 $)) (wfb::|Inflation rate (consumer prices)| burundi "10% (1993 est.)") (wfb::unemployment_rate burundi (* n/a %)) (wfb::budget burundi revenues (* 3.18e+8 $)) (wfb::budget burundi expenditures (* 3.26e+8 $)) (wfb::budget burundi capital_expenditures (* 1.5e+8 $)) (wfb::exports burundi (* 6.8e+7 $)) (wfb::exports burundi commodities coffee (* 81 %)) (wfb::exports burundi commodities tea n/a) (wfb::exports burundi commodities cotton n/a) (wfb::exports burundi commodities hides n/a) (wfb::exports burundi commodities skins n/a) (wfb::exports burundi partners ec (* 57 %)) (wfb::exports burundi partners us (* 19 %)) (wfb::exports burundi partners asia (* 1 %)) (wfb::imports burundi (* 2.03e+8 $)) (wfb::imports burundi commodities capital_goods (* 31 %)) (wfb::imports burundi commodities petroleum_products-commodity (* 15 %)) (wfb::imports burundi commodities foodstuffs n/a) (wfb::imports burundi commodities consumer_goods n/a) (wfb::imports burundi partners ec (* 45 %)) (wfb::imports burundi partners asia (* 29 %)) (wfb::imports burundi partners us (* 2 %)) (wfb::external_debt burundi (* 1.05e+9 $)) (wfb::industrial_production burundi growth_rate (* 11 %)) (wfb::electricity burundi capacity (* 55000 kw)) (wfb::electricity burundi production (* 1.0e+8 kwh)) (wfb::electricity burundi consumption_per_capita (* 20 kwh)) (wfb::industry burundi light_consumer_goods_such_as_blankets) (wfb::industry burundi shoes) (wfb::industry burundi soap) (wfb::industry burundi assembly_of_imported_components) (wfb::industry burundi public_works_construction) (wfb::industry burundi food_processing) (wfb::agriculture burundi "accounts for 50% of GDP; cash crops - coffee, cotton, tea; food crops - corn, sorghum, sweet potatoes, bananas, manioc; livestock - meat, milk, hides and skins") (wfb::economic_aid burundi recipient "US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-89), $71 million; Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-89), $10.2 billion; OPEC bilateral aid (1979-89), $32 million; Communist countries (1970-89), $175 million") (wfb::currency burundi burundi_franc 100 centimes) (wfb::exchange_rates burundi "Burundi francs (FBu) per US$1 - 248.51 (December 1994), 252.66 (1994), 242.78 (1993), 208.30 (1992), 181.51 (1991), 171.26 (1990), 158.67 (1989), 140.40 (1988)") (wfb::fiscal_year burundi date_1_jan date_31_dec) (wfb::railroads burundi "0 km") (wfb::highways burundi total (* 5900 km)) (wfb::highways burundi paved (* 640 km)) (wfb::highways burundi (union gravel crushed_stone) (* 2260 km)) (wfb::highways burundi (union improved unimproved_earth) (* 3000 km)) (wfb::inland_waterways burundi "Lake Tanganyika") (wfb::port burundi bujumbura-burundi) (wfb::airports burundi total 4) (wfb::airports burundi |with paved runways over 3,047 m| 1) (wfb::airports burundi with_paved_runways_under_914_m 1) (wfb::airports burundi |with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m| 2) (wfb::telephone_system burundi "8,000 telephones; primative system; telephone density - 1.3 telephones/1,000 persons") (wfb::telephone_system burundi local "NA") (wfb::telephone_system burundi intercity "sparse system of wire, radiocommunications, and low-capacity microwave radio relay links") (wfb::telephone_system burundi international "1 INTELSAT (Indian Ocean) earth station") (wfb::radio burundi broadcast_stations am 2) (wfb::radio burundi broadcast_stations fm 2) (wfb::radio burundi broadcast_stations shortwave 0) (wfb::radio burundi radios n/a) (wfb::television burundi broadcast_stations 1) (wfb::television burundi televisions n/a) (wfb::defense_branch burundi army_burundi) (wfb::defense_branch burundi paramilitary_gendarmerie_burundi) (wfb::manpower_availability burundi "males age 15-49 1,350,042; males fit for military service 705,864; males reach military age (16) annually 73,308 (1995 est.)") (wfb::defense_expenditures burundi (* 2.5e+7 $)) (wfb::defense_expenditures burundi (* 2.6 %_of_gdp)))) (cameroon ((wfb::location cameroon "Western Africa, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean, between Equatorial Guinea and Nigeria") (wfb::map_references cameroon "Africa") (wfb::area cameroon total_area (* 475440 sq_km)) (wfb::area cameroon land_area (* 469440 sq_km)) (wfb::area cameroon comparative_area "slightly larger than California") (wfb::borders cameroon total (* 4591 km)) (wfb::borders cameroon central_african_republic (* 797 km)) (wfb::borders cameroon chad (* 1094 km)) (wfb::borders cameroon congo (* 523 km)) (wfb::borders cameroon equatorial_guinea (* 189 km)) (wfb::borders cameroon gabon (* 298 km)) (wfb::borders cameroon nigeria (* 1690 km)) (wfb::coastline cameroon (* 402 km)) (wfb::maritime_claims cameroon territorial_sea (* 50 nm)) (wfb::international_disputes cameroon "demarcation of international boundaries in Lake Chad, the lack of which led to border incidents in the past, is completed and awaits ratification by Cameroon, Chad, Niger, and Nigeria") (wfb::international_disputes cameroon "dispute with Nigeria over land and maritime boundaries in the vicinity of the Bakasi Peninsula has been referred to the International Court of Justice") (wfb::climate cameroon "varies with terrain, from tropical along coast to semiarid and hot in north") (wfb::terrain cameroon "diverse, with coastal plain in southwest, dissected plateau in center, mountains in west, plains in north") (wfb::natural-resource cameroon petroleum) (wfb::natural-resource cameroon bauxite) (wfb::natural-resource cameroon iron_ore) (wfb::natural-resource cameroon timber) (wfb::natural-resource cameroon hydropower_potential) (wfb::land_use cameroon arable_land (* 13 %)) (wfb::land_use cameroon permanent_crops (* 2 %)) (wfb::land_use cameroon meadows_and_pastures (* 18 %)) (wfb::land_use cameroon forest_and_woodland (* 54 %)) (wfb::land_use cameroon other (* 13 %)) (wfb::irrigated_land cameroon (* 280 sq_km)) (wfb::environment cameroon current_issues "water-borne diseases are prevalent") (wfb::environment cameroon current_issues "deforestation") (wfb::environment cameroon current_issues "overgrazing") (wfb::environment cameroon current_issues "desertification") (wfb::environment cameroon current_issues "poaching") (wfb::environment cameroon current_issues "overfishing") (wfb::environment cameroon natural_hazards "recent volcanic activity with release of poisonous gases") (wfb::environment cameroon international_agreements "party to - Biodiversity, Climate Change, Endangered Species, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Tropical Timber 83") (wfb::environment cameroon international_agreements "signed, but not ratified - Desertification, Nuclear Test Ban, Tropical Timber 94") (wfb::note cameroon "sometimes referred to as the hinge of Africa") (wfb::population cameroon 1.3521e+7) (wfb::age_structure cameroon 0-14_years (* 44 %)) (wfb::age_structure_by_sex cameroon 0-14_years female 2978216) (wfb::age_structure_by_sex cameroon 0-14_years male 3001487) (wfb::age_structure cameroon 15-64_years (* 52 %)) (wfb::age_structure_by_sex cameroon 15-64_years female 3562247) (wfb::age_structure_by_sex cameroon 15-64_years male 3523100) (wfb::age_structure cameroon 65_years_and_over (* 4 %)) (wfb::age_structure_by_sex cameroon 65_years_and_over female 248314) (wfb::age_structure_by_sex cameroon 65_years_and_over male 207636) (wfb::population_growth_rate cameroon (* 2.92 %)) (wfb::birth_rate cameroon (* 40.42 |births/1,000 population|)) (wfb::death_rate cameroon (* 11.19 |deaths/1,000 population|)) (wfb::net_migration_rate cameroon (* 0 |migrant(s)/1,000 population|)) (wfb::infant_mortality_rate cameroon (* 75.4 |deaths/1,000 live births|)) (wfb::life_expectancy_at_birth cameroon total_population (* 57.48 years)) (wfb::life_expectancy_at_birth cameroon male (* 55.41 years)) (wfb::life_expectancy_at_birth cameroon female (* 59.6 years)) (wfb::total_fertility_rate cameroon (* 5.8 children_born/woman)) (wfb::nationality cameroon noun "Cameroonian(s)") (wfb::nationality cameroon adjective "Cameroonian") (wfb::ethnic-entity cameroon cameroon_highlanders (* 31 %)) (wfb::ethnic-entity cameroon equatorial_bantu (* 19 %)) (wfb::ethnic-entity cameroon kirdi (* 11 %)) (wfb::ethnic-entity cameroon fulani (* 10 %)) (wfb::ethnic-entity cameroon northwestern_bantu (* 8 %)) (wfb::ethnic-entity cameroon eastern_nigritic (* 7 %)) (wfb::ethnic-entity cameroon non-african_less_than (* 1 %)) (wfb::religion cameroon indigenous_beliefs (* 51 %)) (wfb::religion cameroon christian (* 33 %)) (wfb::religion cameroon muslim (* 16 %)) (wfb::language cameroon english n/a) (wfb::language cameroon french n/a) (wfb::literacy-condition cameroon "age 15 and over can read and write") (wfb::literacy cameroon total_population (* 55 %)) (wfb::literacy cameroon male (* 66 %)) (wfb::literacy cameroon female (* 45 %)) (wfb::total_labor_force cameroon n/a) (wfb::labor_force_by_occupation cameroon agriculture (* 74.4 %)) (wfb::labor_force_by_occupation cameroon industry_and_transport (* 11.4 %)) (wfb::names cameroon conventional_long_form "Republic of Cameroon") (wfb::names cameroon conventional_short_form "Cameroon") (wfb::names cameroon former "French Cameroon") (wfb::digraph cameroon "CM") (type cameroon "unitary republic; multiparty presidential regime (opposition parties legalized 1990)") (wfb::capital cameroon yaounde-cameroon) (wfb::administrative_divisions cameroon adm_div_cameroon_provinces 10) (wfb::administrative_division_of cameroon adm_div_cameroon_provinces "Adamaoua") (wfb::administrative_division_of cameroon adm_div_cameroon_provinces "Centre") (wfb::administrative_division_of cameroon adm_div_cameroon_provinces "Est") (wfb::administrative_division_of cameroon adm_div_cameroon_provinces "Extreme-Nord") (wfb::administrative_division_of cameroon adm_div_cameroon_provinces "Littoral") (wfb::administrative_division_of cameroon adm_div_cameroon_provinces "Nord") (wfb::administrative_division_of cameroon adm_div_cameroon_provinces "Nord-Ouest") (wfb::administrative_division_of cameroon adm_div_cameroon_provinces "Ouest") (wfb::administrative_division_of cameroon adm_div_cameroon_provinces "Sud") (wfb::administrative_division_of cameroon adm_div_cameroon_provinces "Sud-Ouest") (wfb::independence cameroon date_1_jan_1960 "UN trusteeship under French administration") (wfb::national_holiday cameroon "National Day" date_20_may) (wfb::constitution cameroon "20 May 1972") (wfb::legal_system cameroon "based on French civil law system, with common law influence; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction") (wfb::suffrage cameroon (* 20 years_of_age)) (wfb::executive_branch cameroon chief_of_state "President Paul BIYA " date_6_nov_1982) (wfb::executive_branch cameroon head_of_government "Prime Minister Simon ACHIDI ACHU " date_9_apr_1992) (wfb::executive_branch cameroon cabinet "Cabinet") (wfb::legislative_structure cameroon unicameral n/a) (wfb::legislative_branch cameroon "National Assembly (Assemblee Nationale)" "elections last held 1 March 1992 (next scheduled for March 1997); results - (180 seats) CPDM 88, UNDP 68, UPC 18, MDR 6") (wfb::judicial_branch cameroon "Supreme Court") (wfb::political_parties_and_leaders cameroon "Cameroon People's Democratic Movement (CPDM), Paul BIYA, president, is government-controlled and was formerly the only party, but opposition parties were legalized in 1990") (wfb::political_parties_and_leaders cameroon major_opposition_parties "National Union for Democracy and Progress (UNDP); Social Democratic Front (SDF); Cameroonian Democratic Union (UDC); Union of Cameroonian Populations (UPC); Movement for the Defense of the Republic (MDR)") (wfb::other_political_or_pressure_groups cameroon "Alliance for Change (FAC), Cameroon Anglophone Movement (CAM)") (wfb::member_of cameroon acct) (wfb::member_of cameroon acp) (wfb::member_of cameroon afdb) (wfb::member_of cameroon bdeac) (wfb::member_of cameroon ccc) (wfb::member_of cameroon ceeac) (wfb::member_of cameroon eca) (wfb::member_of cameroon fao) (wfb::member_of cameroon fz) (wfb::member_of cameroon g-19) (wfb::member_of cameroon g-77) (wfb::member_of cameroon gatt) (wfb::member_of cameroon iaea) (wfb::member_of cameroon ibrd) (wfb::member_of cameroon icao) (wfb::member_of cameroon icc) (wfb::member_of cameroon icftu) (wfb::member_of cameroon icrm) (wfb::member_of cameroon ida) (wfb::member_of cameroon idb) (wfb::member_of cameroon ifad) (wfb::member_of cameroon ifc) (wfb::member_of cameroon ifrcs) (wfb::member_of cameroon ilo) (wfb::member_of cameroon imf) (wfb::member_of cameroon imo) (wfb::member_of cameroon inmarsat) (wfb::member_of cameroon intelsat) (wfb::member_of cameroon interpol) (wfb::member_of cameroon ioc) (wfb::member_of cameroon itu) (wfb::member_of cameroon nam) (wfb::member_of cameroon oau) (wfb::member_of cameroon oic) (wfb::member_of cameroon pca) (wfb::member_of cameroon udeac) (wfb::member_of cameroon un) (wfb::member_of cameroon unctad) (wfb::member_of cameroon unesco) (wfb::member_of cameroon unido) (wfb::member_of cameroon upu) (wfb::member_of cameroon wcl) (wfb::member_of cameroon wftu) (wfb::member_of cameroon who) (wfb::member_of cameroon wipo) (wfb::member_of cameroon wmo) (wfb::member_of cameroon wto) (wfb::diplomatic_representation_in_us cameroon chief_of_mission "Ambassador Jerome MENDOUGA") (wfb::diplomatic_representation_in_us cameroon chancery "2349 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008") (wfb::diplomatic_representation_in_us cameroon telephone "[1] (202) 265-8790 through 8794") (wfb::us_diplomatic_representation cameroon chief_of_mission "Ambassador Harriet W. ISOM") (wfb::us_diplomatic_representation cameroon embassy "Rue Nachtigal, Yaounde") (wfb::us_diplomatic_representation cameroon mailing_address "B. P. 817, Yaounde") (wfb::us_diplomatic_representation cameroon telephone "[237] 23-40-14") (wfb::us_diplomatic_representation cameroon fax "[237] 23-07-53") (wfb::us_diplomatic_representation cameroon |consulate(s)| "none (Douala closed September 1993)") (wfb::flag cameroon "three equal vertical bands of green (hoist side), red, and yellow with a yellow five-pointed star centered in the red band; uses the popular pan-African colors of Ethiopia") (wfb::overview cameroon "Because of its offshore oil resources and favorable agricultural conditions, Cameroon has one of the best-endowed, most diversified primary commodity economies in sub-Saharan Africa. Still, it faces many of the serious problems facing other underdeveloped countries, such as political instability, a top-heavy civil service, and a generally unfavorable climate for business enterprise. The development of the oil sector led rapid economic growth between 1970 and 1985. Growth came to an abrupt halt in 1986, precipitated by steep declines in the prices of major exports: coffee, cocoa, and petroleum. Export earnings were cut by almost one-third, and inefficiencies in fiscal management were exposed. In 1990-93, with support from the IMF and World Bank, the government began to introduce reforms designed to spur business investment, increase efficiency in agriculture, and recapitalize the nation's banks. Political instability, following suspect elections in 1992, brought IMF/WB structural adjustment to a halt. Although the 50% devaluation of the currency in January 1994 improved the potential for export growth, mismanagement remains and is the main barrier to economic improvement.") (wfb::national_product cameroon (* 1.57e+10 $)) (wfb::national_product_real_growth_rate cameroon (* -2.9 %)) (wfb::national_product_per_capita cameroon (* 1200 $)) (wfb::|Inflation rate (consumer prices)| cameroon "-0.8% (FY91/92)") (wfb::unemployment_rate cameroon (* 25 %)) (wfb::budget cameroon revenues (* 1.6e+9 $)) (wfb::budget cameroon expenditures (* 2.3e+9 $)) (wfb::budget cameroon capital_expenditures (* 2.26e+8 $)) (wfb::exports cameroon (* 1.6e+9 $)) (wfb::exports cameroon commodities petroleum_products-commodity n/a) (wfb::exports cameroon commodities lumber-commodity n/a) (wfb::exports cameroon commodities cocoa_beans n/a) (wfb::exports cameroon commodities aluminum n/a) (wfb::exports cameroon commodities coffee n/a) (wfb::exports cameroon commodities cotton n/a) (wfb::exports cameroon partners |EC (particularly France) about| (* 40 %)) (wfb::exports cameroon partners african_countries n/a) (wfb::exports cameroon partners us n/a) (wfb::imports cameroon (* 1.96e+9 $)) (wfb::imports cameroon commodities machines_and_electrical_equipment n/a) (wfb::imports cameroon commodities food n/a) (wfb::imports cameroon commodities consumer_goods n/a) (wfb::imports cameroon commodities transport_equipment n/a) (wfb::imports cameroon partners ec_about (* 60 %)) (wfb::imports cameroon partners (union african_countries japan us) (* 5 %)) (wfb::external_debt cameroon (* 6.0e+9 $)) (wfb::industrial_production cameroon growth_rate (* -2.1 %)) (wfb::electricity cameroon capacity (* 630000 kw)) (wfb::electricity cameroon production (* 2.7e+9 kwh)) (wfb::electricity cameroon consumption_per_capita (* 196 kwh)) (wfb::industry cameroon petroleum_production_and_refining) (wfb::industry cameroon food_processing) (wfb::industry cameroon light_consumer_goods-industry) (wfb::industry cameroon textiles) (wfb::industry cameroon lumber) (wfb::agriculture cameroon "the agriculture and forestry sectors provide employment for the majority of the population, contributing about 25% to GDP and providing a high degree of self-sufficiency in staple foods; commercial and food crops include coffee, cocoa, timber, cotton, rubber, bananas, oilseed, grains, livestock, root starches") (wfb::economic_aid cameroon recipient "US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-90), $479 million; Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-90), $4.75 billion; OPEC bilateral aid (1979-89), $29 million; Communist countries (1970-89), $125 million") (wfb::currency cameroon cfa_franc 100 centimes) (wfb::exchange_rates cameroon "Communaute Financiere Africaine francs (CFAF) per US$1 - 529.43 (January 1995), 555.20 (1994), 283.16 (1993), 264.69 (1992), 282.11 (1991), 272.26 (1990)") (wfb::fiscal_year cameroon date_1_jul date_30_jun) (wfb::railroads cameroon total "1,111 km") (wfb::railroads cameroon narrow_gauge "1,111 km 1.000-m gauge") (wfb::highways cameroon total (* 65000 km)) (wfb::highways cameroon paved (* 2682 km)) (wfb::highways cameroon (union gravel improved_earth) (* 32318 km)) (wfb::highways cameroon unimproved_earth (* 30000 km)) (wfb::inland_waterways cameroon "2,090 km; of decreasing importance") (wfb::port cameroon bonaberi-cameroon) (wfb::port cameroon douala-cameroon) (wfb::port cameroon garoua-cameroon) (wfb::port cameroon kribi-cameroon) (wfb::port cameroon tiko-cameroon) (wfb::merchant_marine cameroon total "2 cargo ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 24,122 GRT/33,509 DWT") (wfb::airports cameroon total 60) (wfb::airports cameroon |with paved runways over 3,047 m| 2) (wfb::airports cameroon |with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m| 4) (wfb::airports cameroon |with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m| 3) (wfb::airports cameroon |with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m| 1) (wfb::airports cameroon with_paved_runways_under_914_m 20) (wfb::airports cameroon |with unpaved runways 1,524 to 2,438 m| 9) (wfb::airports cameroon |with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m| 21) (wfb::telephone_system cameroon "26,000 telephones; telephone density - 2 telephones/1,000 persons; available only to business and government") (wfb::telephone_system cameroon local "NA") (wfb::telephone_system cameroon intercity "cable, microwave radio relay, and troposcatter") (wfb::telephone_system cameroon international "2 Atlantic Ocean INTELSAT earth stations") (wfb::radio cameroon broadcast_stations am 11) (wfb::radio cameroon broadcast_stations fm 11) (wfb::radio cameroon broadcast_stations shortwave 0) (wfb::radio cameroon radios n/a) (wfb::television cameroon broadcast_stations 1) (wfb::television cameroon televisions n/a) (wfb::defense_branch cameroon army_cameroon) (wfb::defense_branch cameroon navy_cameroon) (wfb::defense_branch cameroon air_force_cameroon) (wfb::defense_branch cameroon national_gendarmerie_cameroon) (wfb::defense_branch cameroon presidential_guard_cameroon) (wfb::manpower_availability cameroon "males age 15-49 3,038,007; males fit for military service 1,532,303; males reach military age (18) annually 147,293 (1995 est.)") (wfb::defense_expenditures cameroon (* 1.02e+8 $)) (wfb::defense_expenditures cameroon (* n/a %_of_gdp)))) (cape_verde ((wfb::location cape_verde "Western Africa, group of Islands in the North Atlantic Ocean, west of Senegal") (wfb::map_references cape_verde "World") (wfb::area cape_verde total_area (* 4030 sq_km)) (wfb::area cape_verde land_area (* 4030 sq_km)) (wfb::area cape_verde comparative_area "slightly larger than Rhode Island") (wfb::coastline cape_verde (* 965 km)) (wfb::maritime_claims cape_verde exclusive_economic_zone (* 200 nm)) (wfb::maritime_claims cape_verde territorial_sea (* 12 nm)) (wfb::international_disputes cape_verde "none") (wfb::climate cape_verde "temperate") (wfb::climate cape_verde "warm, dry, summer") (wfb::climate cape_verde "precipitation very erratic") (wfb::terrain cape_verde "steep, rugged, rocky, volcanic") (wfb::natural-resource cape_verde salt) (wfb::natural-resource cape_verde basalt_rock) (wfb::natural-resource cape_verde pozzolana) (wfb::natural-resource cape_verde limestone) (wfb::natural-resource cape_verde kaolin) (wfb::natural-resource cape_verde fish) (wfb::land_use cape_verde arable_land (* 9 %)) (wfb::land_use cape_verde permanent_crops (* 0 %)) (wfb::land_use cape_verde meadows_and_pastures (* 6 %)) (wfb::land_use cape_verde forest_and_woodland (* 0 %)) (wfb::land_use cape_verde other (* 85 %)) (wfb::irrigated_land cape_verde (* 20 sq_km)) (wfb::environment cape_verde current_issues "overgrazing of livestock and improper land use such as the cultivation of crops on steep slopes has led to soil erosion") (wfb::environment cape_verde current_issues "demand for wood used as fuel has resulted in deforestation") (wfb::environment cape_verde current_issues "desertification") (wfb::environment cape_verde current_issues "environmental damage has threatened several indigenous species of birds and reptiles") (wfb::environment cape_verde current_issues "overfishing") (wfb::environment cape_verde natural_hazards "prolonged droughts") (wfb::environment cape_verde natural_hazards "harmattan wind can obscure visibility") (wfb::environment cape_verde natural_hazards "volcanically and seismically active") (wfb::environment cape_verde international_agreements "party to - Environmental Modification, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Nuclear Test Ban") (wfb::environment cape_verde international_agreements "signed, but not ratified - Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification") (wfb::note cape_verde "strategic location 500 km from west coast of Africa near major north-south sea routes; important communications station; important sea and air refueling site") (wfb::population cape_verde 435983) (wfb::age_structure cape_verde 0-14_years (* 50 %)) (wfb::age_structure_by_sex cape_verde 0-14_years female 106539) (wfb::age_structure_by_sex cape_verde 0-14_years male 110301) (wfb::age_structure cape_verde 15-64_years (* 47 %)) (wfb::age_structure_by_sex cape_verde 15-64_years female 114931) (wfb::age_structure_by_sex cape_verde 15-64_years male 88029) (wfb::age_structure cape_verde 65_years_and_over (* 3 %)) (wfb::age_structure_by_sex cape_verde 65_years_and_over female 9781) (wfb::age_structure_by_sex cape_verde 65_years_and_over male 6402) (wfb::population_growth_rate cape_verde (* 2.98 %)) (wfb::birth_rate cape_verde (* 45.32 |births/1,000 population|)) (wfb::death_rate cape_verde (* 8.65 |deaths/1,000 population|)) (wfb::net_migration_rate cape_verde (* -6.88 |migrant(s)/1,000 population|)) (wfb::infant_mortality_rate cape_verde (* 55.9 |deaths/1,000 live births|)) (wfb::life_expectancy_at_birth cape_verde total_population (* 63.01 years)) (wfb::life_expectancy_at_birth cape_verde male (* 61.1 years)) (wfb::life_expectancy_at_birth cape_verde female (* 65.01 years)) (wfb::total_fertility_rate cape_verde (* 6.23 children_born/woman)) (wfb::nationality cape_verde noun "Cape Verdean(s)") (wfb::nationality cape_verde adjective "Cape Verdean") (wfb::ethnic-entity cape_verde |Creole (mulatto)| (* 71 %)) (wfb::ethnic-entity cape_verde african (* 28 %)) (wfb::ethnic-entity cape_verde european (* 1 %)) (wfb::religion cape_verde roman_catholicism_fused_with_indigenous_beliefs n/a) (wfb::language cape_verde portuguese n/a) (wfb::language cape_verde crioulo n/a) (wfb::language cape_verde a_blend_of_portuguese_and_west_african_words n/a) (wfb::literacy-condition cape_verde "age 15 and over can read and write") (wfb::literacy cape_verde total_population (* 63 %)) (wfb::literacy cape_verde male (* 75 %)) (wfb::literacy cape_verde female (* 53 %)) (wfb::total_labor_force cape_verde 102000) (wfb::labor_force_by_occupation cape_verde |agriculture (mostly subsistence)| (* 57 %)) (wfb::labor_force_by_occupation cape_verde services (* 29 %)) (wfb::labor_force_by_occupation cape_verde industry (* 14 %)) (wfb::names cape_verde conventional_long_form "Republic of Cape Verde") (wfb::names cape_verde conventional_short_form "Cape Verde") (wfb::names cape_verde local_long_form "Republica de Cabo Verde") (wfb::names cape_verde local_short_form "Cabo Verde") (wfb::digraph cape_verde "CV") (type cape_verde "republic") (wfb::capital cape_verde praia-cape_verde) (wfb::administrative_divisions cape_verde adm_div_cape_verde_districts 14) (wfb::administrative_division_of cape_verde adm_div_cape_verde_districts "Boa Vista") (wfb::administrative_division_of cape_verde adm_div_cape_verde_districts "Brava") (wfb::administrative_division_of cape_verde adm_div_cape_verde_districts "Fogo") (wfb::administrative_division_of cape_verde adm_div_cape_verde_districts "Maio") (wfb::administrative_division_of cape_verde adm_div_cape_verde_districts "Paul") (wfb::administrative_division_of cape_verde adm_div_cape_verde_districts "Praia") (wfb::administrative_division_of cape_verde adm_div_cape_verde_districts "Porto Novo") (wfb::administrative_division_of cape_verde adm_div_cape_verde_districts "Ribeira Grande") (wfb::administrative_division_of cape_verde adm_div_cape_verde_districts "Sal") (wfb::administrative_division_of cape_verde adm_div_cape_verde_districts "Santa Catarina") (wfb::administrative_division_of cape_verde adm_div_cape_verde_districts "Santa Cruz") (wfb::administrative_division_of cape_verde adm_div_cape_verde_districts "Sao Nicolau") (wfb::administrative_division_of cape_verde adm_div_cape_verde_districts "Sao Vicente") (wfb::administrative_division_of cape_verde adm_div_cape_verde_districts "Tarrafal") (wfb::independence cape_verde date_5_jul_1975 "Portugal") (wfb::national_holiday cape_verde "Independence Day" date_5_jul) (wfb::constitution cape_verde "new constitution came into force 25 September 1992") (wfb::legal_system cape_verde "NA") (wfb::suffrage cape_verde (* 18 years_of_age)) (wfb::executive_branch cape_verde head_of_government "Prime Minister Carlos Alberto Wahnon de Carvalho VEIGA " date_13_jan_1991) (wfb::executive_branch cape_verde cabinet "Council of Ministers") (wfb::legislative_structure cape_verde unicameral n/a) (wfb::legislative_branch cape_verde "People's National Assembly (Assembleia Nacional Popular)" "elections last held 13 January 1991 (next to be held January 1996); results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (79 total) MPD 56, PAICV 23; note - the 1991 multiparty Assembly election ended 15 years of single-party rule") (wfb::judicial_branch cape_verde "Supreme Tribunal of Justice (Supremo Tribunal de Justia)") (wfb::political_parties_and_leaders cape_verde "Movement for Democracy (MPD), Prime Minister Carlos VEIGA, founder and chairman; African Party for Independence of Cape Verde (PAICV), Pedro Verona Rodrigues PIRES, chairman") (wfb::member_of cape_verde acp) (wfb::member_of cape_verde afdb) (wfb::member_of cape_verde ccc) (wfb::member_of cape_verde eca) (wfb::member_of cape_verde ecowas) (wfb::member_of cape_verde fao) (wfb::member_of cape_verde g-77) (wfb::member_of cape_verde ibrd) (wfb::member_of cape_verde icao) (wfb::member_of cape_verde icftu) (wfb::member_of cape_verde icrm) (wfb::member_of cape_verde ida) (wfb::member_of cape_verde ifad) (wfb::member_of cape_verde ifc) (wfb::member_of cape_verde ifrcs) (wfb::member_of cape_verde ilo) (wfb::member_of cape_verde imf) (wfb::member_of cape_verde imo) (wfb::member_of cape_verde intelsat) (wfb::member_of cape_verde interpol) (wfb::member_of cape_verde ioc) (wfb::member_of cape_verde iom) (wfb::member_of cape_verde itu) (wfb::member_of cape_verde nam) (wfb::member_of cape_verde oau) (wfb::member_of cape_verde un) (wfb::member_of cape_verde unctad) (wfb::member_of cape_verde unesco) (wfb::member_of cape_verde unido) (wfb::member_of cape_verde unomoz) (wfb::member_of cape_verde upu) (wfb::member_of cape_verde wcl) (wfb::member_of cape_verde who) (wfb::member_of cape_verde wmo) (wfb::diplomatic_representation_in_us cape_verde chief_of_mission "(vacant); Charge d'Affaires Jose Eduardo BARBOSA (since 12 February 1994)") (wfb::diplomatic_representation_in_us cape_verde chancery "3415 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20007") (wfb::diplomatic_representation_in_us cape_verde telephone "[1] (202) 965-6820") (wfb::diplomatic_representation_in_us cape_verde fax "[1] (202) 965-1207") (wfb::diplomatic_representation_in_us cape_verde |consulate(s) general| "Boston") (wfb::us_diplomatic_representation cape_verde chief_of_mission "Ambassador Joseph M. SEGARS") (wfb::us_diplomatic_representation cape_verde embassy "Rua Abilio Macedo 81, Praia") (wfb::us_diplomatic_representation cape_verde mailing_address "C. P. 201, Praia") (wfb::us_diplomatic_representation cape_verde telephone "[238] 61 56 16") (wfb::us_diplomatic_representation cape_verde fax "[238] 61 13 55") (wfb::flag cape_verde "three horozontal bands of light blue (top, double width), white (with a horozontal red stripe in the middle third), and light blue; a circle of 10 yellow five-pointed stars is centered on the hoist end of the red stripe and extends into the upper and lower blue bands") (wfb::overview cape_verde "Cape Verde's low per capita GDP reflects a poor natural resource base, serious water shortages exacerbated by cycles of long-term drought, and a high birthrate. The economy is service oriented, with commerce, transport, and public services accounting for 60% of GDP. Although nearly 70% of the population lives in rural areas, agriculture's share of GDP is only 20%; the fishing sector accounts for 4%. About 90% of food must be imported. The fishing potential, mostly lobster and tuna, is not fully exploited. Cape Verde annually runs a high trade deficit, financed by remittances from emigrants and foreign aid, which form important supplements to GDP. Economic reforms, launched by the new democratic government in 1991, are aimed at developing the private sector and attracting foreign investment to diversify the economy. Prospects for 1995 depend heavily on the maintenance of aid flows, remittances, and the momentum of the government's development program.") (wfb::national_product cape_verde (* 4.1e+8 $)) (wfb::national_product_real_growth_rate cape_verde (* 3.5 %)) (wfb::national_product_per_capita cape_verde (* 1000 $)) (wfb::|Inflation rate (consumer prices)| cape_verde "7% (1992)") (wfb::unemployment_rate cape_verde (* 26 %)) (wfb::budget cape_verde revenues (* 1.74e+8 $)) (wfb::budget cape_verde expenditures (* 2.35e+8 $)) (wfb::budget cape_verde capital_expenditures (* 1.65e+8 $)) (wfb::exports cape_verde (* 4400000.0 $)) (wfb::exports cape_verde commodities fish-commodity n/a) (wfb::exports cape_verde commodities bananas n/a) (wfb::exports cape_verde commodities hides_and_skins n/a) (wfb::exports cape_verde partners netherlands n/a) (wfb::exports cape_verde partners portugal n/a) (wfb::exports cape_verde partners angola n/a) (wfb::imports cape_verde (* 1.73e+8 $)) (wfb::imports cape_verde commodities foodstuffs n/a) (wfb::imports cape_verde commodities consumer_goods n/a) (wfb::imports cape_verde commodities industrial_products n/a) (wfb::imports cape_verde commodities transport_equipment n/a) (wfb::imports cape_verde partners portugal n/a) (wfb::imports cape_verde partners netherlands n/a) (wfb::imports cape_verde partners germany n/a) (wfb::imports cape_verde partners spain n/a) (wfb::external_debt cape_verde (* 1.56e+8 $)) (wfb::industrial_production cape_verde growth_rate (* 3.6 %)) (wfb::industrial_production cape_verde accounts_for (* 8 %_of_gdp)) (wfb::electricity cape_verde capacity (* 15000 kw)) (wfb::electricity cape_verde production (* 4.0e+7 kwh)) (wfb::electricity cape_verde consumption_per_capita (* 73 kwh)) (wfb::industry cape_verde fish_processing) (wfb::industry cape_verde salt_mining) (wfb::industry cape_verde garment_industry) (wfb::industry cape_verde ship_repair) (wfb::industry cape_verde construction_materials-industry) (wfb::industry cape_verde food_and_beverage_production) (wfb::agriculture cape_verde "accounts for 20% of GDP (including fishing); largely subsistence farming; bananas are the only export crop; other crops - corn, beans, sweet potatoes, coffee; growth potential of agricultural sector limited by poor soils and scanty rainfall; annual food imports required; fish catch provides for both domestic consumption and small exports") (wfb::illicit_drugs cape_verde "increasingly used as a transshipment point for illicit drugs moving from Latin America and Africa destined for Western Europe") (wfb::economic_aid cape_verde recipient "US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY75-90), $93 million; Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-90), $586 million; OPEC bilateral aid (1979-89), $12 million; Communist countries (1970-89), $36 million") (wfb::currency cape_verde cape_verdean_escudo 100 centavos) (wfb::exchange_rates cape_verde "Cape Verdean escudos (CVEsc) per US$1 - 85.537 (1st Quarter 1994), 80.427 (1993), 68.018 (1992), 71.408 (1991), 70.031 (1990)") (wfb::fiscal_year cape_verde date_1_jan date_31_dec) (wfb::railroads cape_verde "0 km") (wfb::highways cape_verde paved (* 680 km)) (wfb::highways cape_verde unpaved (* 420 km)) (wfb::port cape_verde mindelo-cape_verde) (wfb::port cape_verde praia-cape_verde) (wfb::port cape_verde tarrafal-cape_verde) (wfb::merchant_marine cape_verde total "7 (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 11,609 GRT/19,052 DWT") (wfb::merchant_marine cape_verde total "cargo 6, chemical tanker 1") (wfb::airports cape_verde total 6) (wfb::airports cape_verde |with paved runways over 3,047 m| 1) (wfb::airports cape_verde |with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m| 5) (wfb::telephone_system cape_verde "over 1,700 telephones; telephine density - about 4 telephones/1,000 persons") (wfb::telephone_system cape_verde local "NA") (wfb::telephone_system cape_verde intercity "interisland microwave radio relay system, high frequency radio links to Senegal and Guinea-Bissau") (wfb::telephone_system cape_verde international "2 coaxial submarine cables; 1 Atlantic Ocean INTELSAT earth station") (wfb::radio cape_verde broadcast_stations am 1) (wfb::radio cape_verde broadcast_stations fm 6) (wfb::radio cape_verde broadcast_stations shortwave 0) (wfb::radio cape_verde radios n/a) (wfb::television cape_verde broadcast_stations 1) (wfb::television cape_verde televisions n/a) (wfb::defense_branch cape_verde |People's Revolutionary Armed Forces_cape_verde|) (wfb::defense_branch cape_verde security_service_cape_verde) (wfb::manpower_availability cape_verde "males age 15-49 80,867; males fit for military service 47,225 (1995 est.)") (wfb::defense_expenditures cape_verde (* 3400000.0 $)) (wfb::defense_expenditures cape_verde (* n/a %_of_gdp)))) (central_african_republic ((wfb::location central_african_republic "Central Africa, north of Zaire") (wfb::map_references central_african_republic "Africa") (wfb::area central_african_republic total_area (* 622980 sq_km)) (wfb::area central_african_republic land_area (* 622980 sq_km)) (wfb::area central_african_republic comparative_area "slightly smaller than Texas") (wfb::borders central_african_republic total (* 5203 km)) (wfb::borders central_african_republic cameroon (* 797 km)) (wfb::borders central_african_republic chad (* 1197 km)) (wfb::borders central_african_republic congo (* 467 km)) (wfb::borders central_african_republic sudan (* 1165 km)) (wfb::borders central_african_republic zaire (* 1577 km)) (wfb::coastline central_african_republic (* 0 km)) (wfb::maritime_claims central_african_republic "none; landlocked") (wfb::international_disputes central_african_republic "none") (wfb::climate central_african_republic "tropical") (wfb::climate central_african_republic "hot, dry winters") (wfb::climate central_african_republic "mild to hot, wet summers") (wfb::terrain central_african_republic "vast, flat to rolling, monotonous plateau") (wfb::terrain central_african_republic "scattered hills in northeast and southwest") (wfb::natural-resource central_african_republic diamonds) (wfb::natural-resource central_african_republic uranium) (wfb::natural-resource central_african_republic timber) (wfb::natural-resource central_african_republic gold) (wfb::natural-resource central_african_republic oil-natural-resource) (wfb::land_use central_african_republic arable_land (* 3 %)) (wfb::land_use central_african_republic permanent_crops (* 0 %)) (wfb::land_use central_african_republic meadows_and_pastures (* 5 %)) (wfb::land_use central_african_republic forest_and_woodland (* 64 %)) (wfb::land_use central_african_republic other (* 28 %)) (wfb::irrigated_land central_african_republic (* n/a sq_km)) (wfb::environment central_african_republic current_issues "tap water is not potable") (wfb::environment central_african_republic current_issues "poaching has diminished reputation as one of last great wildlife refuges") (wfb::environment central_african_republic current_issues "desertification") (wfb::environment central_african_republic natural_hazards "hot, dry, dusty harmattan winds affect northern areas") (wfb::environment central_african_republic natural_hazards "floods are common") (wfb::environment central_african_republic international_agreements "party to - Endangered Species, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection") (wfb::environment central_african_republic international_agreements "signed, but not ratified - Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Law of the Sea") (wfb::note central_african_republic "landlocked; almost the precise center of Africa") (wfb::population central_african_republic 3209759) (wfb::age_structure central_african_republic 0-14_years (* 43 %)) (wfb::age_structure_by_sex central_african_republic 0-14_years female 690290) (wfb::age_structure_by_sex central_african_republic 0-14_years male 694153) (wfb::age_structure central_african_republic 15-64_years (* 53 %)) (wfb::age_structure_by_sex central_african_republic 15-64_years female 886421) (wfb::age_structure_by_sex central_african_republic 15-64_years male 825268) (wfb::age_structure central_african_republic 65_years_and_over (* 4 %)) (wfb::age_structure_by_sex central_african_republic 65_years_and_over female 64846) (wfb::age_structure_by_sex central_african_republic 65_years_and_over male 48781) (wfb::population_growth_rate central_african_republic (* 2.1 %)) (wfb::birth_rate central_african_republic (* 41.84 |births/1,000 population|)) (wfb::death_rate central_african_republic (* 20.89 |deaths/1,000 population|)) (wfb::net_migration_rate central_african_republic (* 0 |migrant(s)/1,000 population|)) (wfb::infant_mortality_rate central_african_republic (* 135.6 |deaths/1,000 live births|)) (wfb::life_expectancy_at_birth central_african_republic total_population (* 42.15 years)) (wfb::life_expectancy_at_birth central_african_republic male (* 40.68 years)) (wfb::life_expectancy_at_birth central_african_republic female (* 43.67 years)) (wfb::total_fertility_rate central_african_republic (* 5.37 children_born/woman)) (wfb::nationality central_african_republic noun "Central African(s)") (wfb::nationality central_african_republic adjective "Central African") (wfb::ethnic-entity central_african_republic baya (* 34 %)) (wfb::ethnic-entity central_african_republic banda (* 27 %)) (wfb::ethnic-entity central_african_republic sara (* 10 %)) (wfb::ethnic-entity central_african_republic mandjia (* 21 %)) (wfb::ethnic-entity central_african_republic mboum (* 4 %)) (wfb::ethnic-entity central_african_republic |M'Baka| (* 4 %)) (wfb::ethnic-entity central_african_republic |Europeans 6,500| n/a) (wfb::religion central_african_republic indigenous_beliefs (* 24 %)) (wfb::religion central_african_republic protestant (* 25 %)) (wfb::religion central_african_republic roman_catholic (* 25 %)) (wfb::religion central_african_republic muslim (* 15 %)) (wfb::language central_african_republic french n/a) (wfb::language central_african_republic sangho n/a) (wfb::language central_african_republic arabic n/a) (wfb::language central_african_republic hunsa n/a) (wfb::language central_african_republic swahili n/a) (wfb::literacy-condition central_african_republic "age 15 and over can read and write") (wfb::literacy central_african_republic total_population (* 38 %)) (wfb::literacy central_african_republic male (* 52 %)) (wfb::literacy central_african_republic female (* 25 %)) (wfb::total_labor_force central_african_republic 775413) (wfb::labor_force_by_occupation central_african_republic agriculture (* 85 %)) (wfb::labor_force_by_occupation central_african_republic commerce_and_services (* 9 %)) (wfb::labor_force_by_occupation central_african_republic industry (* 3 %)) (wfb::labor_force_by_occupation central_african_republic government (* 3 %)) (wfb::names central_african_republic conventional_long_form "Central African Republic") (wfb::names central_african_republic local_long_form "Republique Centrafricaine") (wfb::names central_african_republic former "Central African Empire") (wfb::abbreviation central_african_republic "CAR") (wfb::digraph central_african_republic "CT") (type central_african_republic "republic;") (wfb::capital central_african_republic bangui-central_african_republic) (wfb::administrative_divisions central_african_republic adm_div_central_african_republic_prefectures 14) (wfb::independence central_african_republic date_13_aug_1960 "France") (wfb::national_holiday central_african_republic "National Day" date_1_dec) (wfb::constitution central_african_republic "21 November 1986") (wfb::legal_system central_african_republic "based on French law") (wfb::suffrage central_african_republic (* 21 years_of_age)) (wfb::executive_branch central_african_republic chief_of_state "President Ange PATASSE " date_22_oct_1993) (wfb::executive_branch central_african_republic head_of_government "Prime Minister (vacant) (Dr. Jean-Luc MANDABA resigned on 11 April 1995)" n/a) (wfb::executive_branch central_african_republic cabinet "Council of Ministers") (wfb::legislative_structure central_african_republic unicameral n/a) (wfb::legislative_branch central_african_republic "National Assembly (Assemblee Nationale)" "elections last held 19 September 1993; results - percentage vote by party NA; seats - (85 total) MLPC 33, RDC 14, PLD 7, ADP 6, PSD 3, others 22") (wfb::judicial_branch central_african_republic "Supreme Court (Cour Supreme)") (wfb::political_parties_and_leaders central_african_republic "Movement for the Liberation of the Central African People (MLPC), the party of the new president, Ange Felix PATASSE; Movement for Democracy and Development (MDD), David DACKO; Marginal Movement for Democracy, Renaissance and Evolution (MDREC), Joseph BENDOUNGA; Central African Democratic Assembly (RDC), Andre KOLINGBA; Patriotic Front for Progress (FFP), Abel GOUMBA; Civic Forum (FC), Gen. Timothee MALENDOMA") (wfb::member_of central_african_republic acct) (wfb::member_of central_african_republic acp) (wfb::member_of central_african_republic afdb) (wfb::member_of central_african_republic bdeac) (wfb::member_of central_african_republic ccc) (wfb::member_of central_african_republic ceeac) (wfb::member_of central_african_republic eca) (wfb::member_of central_african_republic fao) (wfb::member_of central_african_republic fz) (wfb::member_of central_african_republic g-77) (wfb::member_of central_african_republic gatt) (wfb::member_of central_african_republic ibrd) (wfb::member_of central_african_republic icao) (wfb::member_of central_african_republic icrm) (wfb::member_of central_african_republic ida) (wfb::member_of central_african_republic ifad) (wfb::member_of central_african_republic ifc) (wfb::member_of central_african_republic ifrcs) (wfb::member_of central_african_republic ilo) (wfb::member_of central_african_republic imf) (wfb::member_of central_african_republic intelsat) (wfb::member_of central_african_republic interpol) (wfb::member_of central_african_republic ioc) (wfb::member_of central_african_republic itu) (wfb::member_of central_african_republic nam) (wfb::member_of central_african_republic oau) (wfb::member_of central_african_republic udeac) (wfb::member_of central_african_republic un) (wfb::member_of central_african_republic unctad) (wfb::member_of central_african_republic unesco) (wfb::member_of central_african_republic unido) (wfb::member_of central_african_republic upu) (wfb::member_of central_african_republic wcl) (wfb::member_of central_african_republic who) (wfb::member_of central_african_republic wipo) (wfb::member_of central_african_republic wmo) (wfb::diplomatic_representation_in_us central_african_republic chief_of_mission "Ambassador Henri KOBA (appointed 19 September 1994)") (wfb::diplomatic_representation_in_us central_african_republic chancery "1618 22nd Street NW, Washington, DC 20008") (wfb::diplomatic_representation_in_us central_african_republic telephone "[1] (202) 483-7800, 7801") (wfb::diplomatic_representation_in_us central_african_republic fax "[1] (202) 332-9893") (wfb::us_diplomatic_representation central_african_republic chief_of_mission "Ambassador Robert E. GRIBBIN III") (wfb::us_diplomatic_representation central_african_republic embassy "Avenue David Dacko, Bangui") (wfb::us_diplomatic_representation central_african_republic mailing_address "B. P. 924, Bangui") (wfb::us_diplomatic_representation central_african_republic telephone "[236] 61 02 00, 61 25 78, 61 02 10") (wfb::us_diplomatic_representation central_african_republic fax "[236] 61 44 94") (wfb::flag central_african_republic "four equal horizontal bands of blue (top), white, green, and yellow with a vertical red band in center; there is a yellow five-pointed star on the hoist side of the blue band") (wfb::overview central_african_republic "Subsistence agriculture, together with forestry, remains the backbone of the CAR economy, with more than 70% of the population living in outlying areas. The agricultural sector generates about half of GDP. Timber has accounted for about 26% of export earnings and the diamond industry for 54%. Important constraints to economic development include the CAR's landlocked position, a poor transportation system, a largely unskilled work force, and a legacy of misdirected macroeconomic policies. A major plus is the large forest reserves, which the government is moving to protect from overexploitation. The 50% devaluation of the currencies of 14 Francophone African nations on 12 January 1994 had mixed effects on CAR's economy. While diamond, timber, coffee, and cotton exports increased - leading GDP to increase by 5.5% - inflation rose to 40%, fueled by the rising prices of imports on which the economy depends. CAR's poor resource base and primitive infrastructure will keep it dependent on multilateral donors and France for the foreseeable future.") (wfb::national_product central_african_republic (* 2.2e+9 $)) (wfb::national_product_real_growth_rate central_african_republic (* 5.5 %)) (wfb::national_product_per_capita central_african_republic (* 700 $)) (wfb::|Inflation rate (consumer prices)| central_african_republic "40% (1994 est.)") (wfb::budget central_african_republic revenues (* 1.75e+8 $)) (wfb::budget central_african_republic expenditures (* 3.12e+8 $)) (wfb::budget central_african_republic capital_expenditures (* 1.22e+8 $)) (wfb::exports central_african_republic (* 1.235e+8 $)) (wfb::exports central_african_republic commodities diamonds-commodity n/a) (wfb::exports central_african_republic commodities timber-commodity n/a) (wfb::exports central_african_republic commodities cotton n/a) (wfb::exports central_african_republic commodities coffee n/a) (wfb::exports central_african_republic commodities tobacco n/a) (wfb::exports central_african_republic partners france n/a) (wfb::exports central_african_republic partners belgium n/a) (wfb::exports central_african_republic partners italy n/a) (wfb::exports central_african_republic partners japan n/a) (wfb::exports central_african_republic partners us n/a) (wfb::imports central_african_republic (* 1.651e+8 $)) (wfb::imports central_african_republic commodities food n/a) (wfb::imports central_african_republic commodities textiles-commodity n/a) (wfb::imports central_african_republic commodities petroleum_products-commodity n/a) (wfb::imports central_african_republic commodities machinery n/a) (wfb::imports central_african_republic commodities electrical_equipment n/a) (wfb::imports central_african_republic commodities motor_vehicles-commodity n/a) (wfb::imports central_african_republic commodities chemicals-commodity n/a) (wfb::imports central_african_republic commodities pharmaceuticals n/a) (wfb::imports central_african_republic commodities consumer_goods n/a) (wfb::imports central_african_republic commodities industrial_products n/a) (wfb::imports central_african_republic partners france n/a) (wfb::imports central_african_republic partners japan n/a) (wfb::imports central_african_republic partners algeria n/a) (wfb::external_debt central_african_republic (* 8.59e+8 $)) (wfb::industrial_production central_african_republic growth_rate (* 4 %)) (wfb::industrial_production central_african_republic accounts_for (* 14 %_of_gdp)) (wfb::electricity central_african_republic capacity (* 40000 kw)) (wfb::electricity central_african_republic production (* 1.0e+8 kwh)) (wfb::electricity central_african_republic consumption_per_capita (* 29 kwh)) (wfb::industry central_african_republic diamond_mining) (wfb::industry central_african_republic sawmills) (wfb::industry central_african_republic breweries) (wfb::industry central_african_republic textiles) (wfb::industry central_african_republic footwear-industry) (wfb::industry central_african_republic assembly_of_bicycles_and_motorcycles) (wfb::agriculture central_african_republic "self-sufficient in food production except for grain; commercial crops - cotton, coffee, tobacco, timber; food crops - manioc, yams, millet, corn, bananas") (wfb::economic_aid central_african_republic recipient "US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-90), $52 million; Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-90), $1.6 billion; OPEC bilateral aid (1979-89), $6 million; Communist countries (1970-89), $38 million") (wfb::currency central_african_republic cfa_franc 100 centimes) (wfb::exchange_rates central_african_republic "Communaute Financiere Africaine francs (CFAF) per US$1 - 529.43 (January 1995), 555.20 (1994), 283.16 (1993), 264.69 (1992), 282.11 (1991), 272.26 (1990)") (wfb::fiscal_year central_african_republic date_1_jan date_31_dec) (wfb::railroads central_african_republic "0 km") (wfb::highways central_african_republic total (* 22000 km)) (wfb::highways central_african_republic bituminous (* 458 km)) (wfb::highways central_african_republic improved_earth (* 10542 km)) (wfb::highways central_african_republic unimproved_earth (* 11000 km)) (wfb::inland_waterways central_african_republic "800 km; traditional trade carried on by means of shallow-draft dugouts; Oubangui is the most important river") (wfb::port central_african_republic bangui-central_african_republic) (wfb::port central_african_republic nola-central_african_republic) (wfb::airports central_african_republic total 61) (wfb::airports central_african_republic |with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m| 1) (wfb::airports central_african_republic |with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m| 2) (wfb::airports central_african_republic with_paved_runways_under_914_m 19) (wfb::airports central_african_republic |with unpaved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m| 1) (wfb::airports central_african_republic |with unpaved runways 1,524 to 2,438 m| 9) (wfb::airports central_african_republic |with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m| 29) (wfb::telephone_system central_african_republic "NA telephones; system is only fair") (wfb::telephone_system central_african_republic local "NA") (wfb::telephone_system central_african_republic intercity "network consists principally of micowave radio relay and low capacity, low powered radio communication") (wfb::telephone_system central_african_republic international "1 Atlantic Ocean INTELSAT earth station") (wfb::radio central_african_republic broadcast_stations am 1) (wfb::radio central_african_republic broadcast_stations fm 1) (wfb::radio central_african_republic broadcast_stations shortwave 0) (wfb::radio central_african_republic radios n/a) (wfb::television central_african_republic broadcast_stations 1) (wfb::television central_african_republic televisions n/a) (wfb::defense_branch central_african_republic central_african_army_central_african_republic) (wfb::defense_branch central_african_republic air_force_central_african_republic) (wfb::defense_branch central_african_republic national_gendarmerie_central_african_republic) (wfb::defense_branch central_african_republic police_force_central_african_republic) (wfb::manpower_availability central_african_republic "males age 15-49 718,487; males fit for military service 375,950 (1995 est.)") (wfb::defense_expenditures central_african_republic (* 3.0e+7 $)) (wfb::defense_expenditures central_african_republic (* 2.3 %_of_gdp)))) (chad ((wfb::location chad "Central Africa, south of Libya") (wfb::map_references chad "Africa") (wfb::area chad total_area (* 1284000.0 sq_km)) (wfb::area chad land_area (* 1259200 sq_km)) (wfb::area chad comparative_area "slightly more than three times the size of California") (wfb::borders chad total (* 5968 km)) (wfb::borders chad cameroon (* 1094 km)) (wfb::borders chad central_african_republic (* 1197 km)) (wfb::borders chad libya (* 1055 km)) (wfb::borders chad niger (* 1175 km)) (wfb::borders chad nigeria (* 87 km)) (wfb::borders chad sudan (* 1360 km)) (wfb::coastline chad (* 0 km)) (wfb::maritime_claims chad "none; landlocked") (wfb::international_disputes chad "the International Court of Justice (ICJ) ruled in February 1994 that the 100,000 sq km Aozou Strip between Chad and Libya belongs to Chad") (wfb::international_disputes chad "Libya has withdrawn some of its forces in response to the ICJ ruling, but still maintains an airfield in the disputed area") (wfb::international_disputes chad "demarcation of international boundaries in Lake Chad, the lack of which has led to border incidents in the past, is completed and awaiting ratification by Cameroon, Chad, Niger, and Nigeria") (wfb::climate chad "tropical in south, desert in north") (wfb::terrain chad "broad, arid plains in center, desert in north, mountains in northwest, lowlands in south") (wfb::natural-resource chad |petroleum (unexploited but exploration under way)|) (wfb::natural-resource chad uranium) (wfb::natural-resource chad natron) (wfb::natural-resource chad kaolin) (wfb::natural-resource chad |fish (Lake Chad)|) (wfb::land_use chad arable_land (* 2 %)) (wfb::land_use chad permanent_crops (* 0 %)) (wfb::land_use chad meadows_and_pastures (* 36 %)) (wfb::land_use chad forest_and_woodland (* 11 %)) (wfb::land_use chad other (* 51 %)) (wfb::irrigated_land chad (* 100 sq_km)) (wfb::environment chad current_issues "inadequate supplies of potable water") (wfb::environment chad current_issues "improper waste disposal in rural areas contributes to soil and water pollution") (wfb::environment chad current_issues "desertification") (wfb::environment chad natural_hazards "hot, dry, dusty harmattan winds occur in north") (wfb::environment chad natural_hazards "periodic droughts") (wfb::environment chad natural_hazards "locust plagues") (wfb::environment chad international_agreements "party to - Biodiversity, Climate Change, Endangered Species, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands") (wfb::environment chad international_agreements "signed, but not ratified - Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping") (wfb::note chad "landlocked; Lake Chad is the most significant water body in the Sahel") (wfb::population chad 5586505) (wfb::age_structure chad 0-14_years (* 44 %)) (wfb::age_structure_by_sex chad 0-14_years female 1198619) (wfb::age_structure_by_sex chad 0-14_years male 1267470) (wfb::age_structure chad 15-64_years (* 54 %)) (wfb::age_structure_by_sex chad 15-64_years female 1563678) (wfb::age_structure_by_sex chad 15-64_years male 1456481) (wfb::age_structure chad 65_years_and_over (* 2 %)) (wfb::age_structure_by_sex chad 65_years_and_over female 71971) (wfb::age_structure_by_sex chad 65_years_and_over male 28286) (wfb::population_growth_rate chad (* 2.18 %)) (wfb::birth_rate chad (* 42.05 |births/1,000 population|)) (wfb::death_rate chad (* 20.26 |deaths/1,000 population|)) (wfb::net_migration_rate chad (* 0 |migrant(s)/1,000 population|)) (wfb::infant_mortality_rate chad (* 129.7 |deaths/1,000 live births|)) (wfb::life_expectancy_at_birth chad total_population (* 41.19 years)) (wfb::life_expectancy_at_birth chad male (* 40.04 years)) (wfb::life_expectancy_at_birth chad female (* 42.38 years)) (wfb::total_fertility_rate chad (* 5.33 children_born/woman)) (wfb::nationality chad noun "Chadian(s)") (wfb::nationality chad adjective "Chadian") (wfb::religion chad muslim (* 50 %)) (wfb::religion chad christian (* 25 %)) (wfb::religion chad union4 (* 25 %)) (wfb::language chad french n/a) (wfb::language chad arabic n/a) (wfb::language chad sara-language-group n/a) (wfb::language chad sango n/a) (wfb::literacy-condition chad "age 15 and over has the ability to read and write in French and Arabic") (wfb::literacy chad total_population (* 30 %)) (wfb::literacy chad male (* 42 %)) (wfb::literacy chad female (* 18 %)) (wfb::total_labor_force chad n/a) (wfb::labor_force_by_occupation chad agriculture (* 85 %)) (wfb::names chad conventional_long_form "Republic of Chad") (wfb::names chad conventional_short_form "Chad") (wfb::names chad local_long_form "Republique du Tchad") (wfb::names chad local_short_form "Tchad") (wfb::digraph chad "CD") (type chad "republic") (wfb::capital chad |N'Djamena-chad|) (wfb::administrative_divisions chad adm_div_chad_prefectures 14) (wfb::administrative_division_of chad adm_div_chad_prefectures "Batha") (wfb::administrative_division_of chad adm_div_chad_prefectures "Biltine") (wfb::administrative_division_of chad adm_div_chad_prefectures "Borkou-Ennedi-Tibesti") (wfb::administrative_division_of chad adm_div_chad_prefectures "Chari-Baguirmi") (wfb::administrative_division_of chad adm_div_chad_prefectures "Guera") (wfb::administrative_division_of chad adm_div_chad_prefectures "Kanem") (wfb::administrative_division_of chad adm_div_chad_prefectures "Lac") (wfb::administrative_division_of chad adm_div_chad_prefectures "Logone Occidental") (wfb::administrative_division_of chad adm_div_chad_prefectures "Logone Oriental") (wfb::administrative_division_of chad adm_div_chad_prefectures "Mayo-Kebbi") (wfb::administrative_division_of chad adm_div_chad_prefectures "Moyen-Chari") (wfb::administrative_division_of chad adm_div_chad_prefectures "Ouaddai") (wfb::administrative_division_of chad adm_div_chad_prefectures "Salamat") (wfb::administrative_division_of chad adm_div_chad_prefectures "Tandjile") (wfb::independence chad date_11_aug_1960 "France") (wfb::national_holiday chad "Independence Day" date_11_aug) (wfb::constitution chad "22 December 1989 (suspended 3 December 1990); Provisional National Charter 1 March 1991 is in effect (note - the constitutional commission, which was drafting a new constitution to submit to transitional parliament for ratification in April 1994, failed to do so but expects to submit a new draft to the parliament before the end of April 1995)") (wfb::legal_system chad "based on French civil law system and Chadian customary law; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction") (wfb::executive_branch chad chief_of_state "President Lt. Gen. Idriss DEBY, since 4 December 1990 (after seizing power on 3 December 1990 - transitional government's mandate expires April 1996)" n/a) (wfb::executive_branch chad head_of_government "Prime Minister Djimasta KOIBLA " date_9_apr_1995) (wfb::executive_branch chad cabinet "Council of State") (wfb::legislative_structure chad unicameral n/a) (wfb::legislative_branch chad "National Consultative Council (Conceil National Consultatif)" "elections, formerly scheduled for April 1995, were postponed by mutual agreement of the parties concerned until some time prior to April 1996; elections last held 8 July 1990; the National Consultative Council was disbanded 3 December 1990 and replaced by the Provisional Council of the Republic having 30 members appointed by President DEBY on 8 March 1991; this, in turn, was replaced by a 57-member Higher Transitional Council (Conseil Superieur de Transition) elected by a specially convened Sovereign National Conference on 6 April 1993") (wfb::judicial_branch chad "Court of Appeal") (wfb::political_parties_and_leaders chad "Patriotic Salvation Movement (MPS), former dissident group, Idriss DEBY, chairman") (wfb::other_political_or_pressure_groups chad "NA") (wfb::member_of chad acct) (wfb::member_of chad acp) (wfb::member_of chad afdb) (wfb::member_of chad bdeac) (wfb::member_of chad ceeac) (wfb::member_of chad eca) (wfb::member_of chad fao) (wfb::member_of chad fz) (wfb::member_of chad g-77) (wfb::member_of chad gatt) (wfb::member_of chad ibrd) (wfb::member_of chad icao) (wfb::member_of chad icftu) (wfb::member_of chad icrm) (wfb::member_of chad ida) (wfb::member_of chad idb) (wfb::member_of chad ifad) (wfb::member_of chad ifrcs) (wfb::member_of chad ilo) (wfb::member_of chad imf) (wfb::member_of chad intelsat) (wfb::member_of chad interpol) (wfb::member_of chad ioc) (wfb::member_of chad itu) (wfb::member_of chad nam) (wfb::member_of chad oau) (wfb::member_of chad oic) (wfb::member_of chad udeac) (wfb::member_of chad un) (wfb::member_of chad unctad) (wfb::member_of chad unesco) (wfb::member_of chad unido) (wfb::member_of chad upu) (wfb::member_of chad wcl) (wfb::member_of chad who) (wfb::member_of chad wipo) (wfb::member_of chad wmo) (wfb::member_of chad wto) (wfb::diplomatic_representation_in_us chad chief_of_mission "Ambassador Mahamat Saleh AHMAT") (wfb::diplomatic_representation_in_us chad chancery "2002 R Street NW, Washington, DC 20009") (wfb::diplomatic_representation_in_us chad telephone "[1] (202) 462-4009") (wfb::diplomatic_representation_in_us chad fax "[1] (202) 265-1937") (wfb::us_diplomatic_representation chad chief_of_mission "Ambassador Laurence E. POPE II") (wfb::us_diplomatic_representation chad embassy "Avenue Felix Eboue, N'Djamena") (wfb::us_diplomatic_representation chad mailing_address "B. P. 413, N'Djamena") (wfb::us_diplomatic_representation chad telephone "[235] (51) 62 18, (51) 40 09, (51) 47 59") (wfb::us_diplomatic_representation chad fax "[235] (51) 33 72") (wfb::flag chad "three equal vertical bands of blue (hoist side), yellow, and red; similar to the flag of Romania; also similar to the flag of Andorra, which has a national coat of arms featuring a quartered shield centered in the yellow band; design was based on the flag of France") (wfb::overview chad "Climate, geographic remoteness, poor resource endowment, and lack of infrastructure make Chad one of the most underdeveloped countries in the world. Its economy is hobbled by political turmoil, conflict with Libya, drought, and food shortages. Consequently the economy has shown little progress in recent years in overcoming a severe setback brought on by civil war in the late 1980s. More than 80% of the work force is involved in subsistence farming and fishing. Cotton is the major cash crop, accounting for at least half of exports. Chad is highly dependent on foreign aid, especially food credits, given chronic shortages in several regions. Of all the Francophone countries in Africa, Chad has benefited the least from the 50% devaluation of their currencies on 12 January 1994. Despite an increase in external financial aid and favorable price increases for cotton - the primary source of foreign exchange - the corrupt and enfeebled government bureaucracy continues to dampen economic enterprise by neglecting payments to domestic suppliers and public sector salaries. Oil production in the Lake Chad area remains a distant prospect and the subsistence-driven economy probably will continue to limp along in the near term.") (wfb::national_product chad (* 2.8e+9 $)) (wfb::national_product_real_growth_rate chad (* 3.5 %)) (wfb::national_product_per_capita chad (* 530 $)) (wfb::|Inflation rate (consumer prices)| chad "-4.1% (1992)") (wfb::unemployment_rate chad (* n/a %)) (wfb::budget chad revenues (* 1.2e+8 $)) (wfb::budget chad expenditures (* 3.63e+8 $)) (wfb::budget chad capital_expenditures (* 1.04e+8 $)) (wfb::exports chad (* 1.9e+8 $)) (wfb::exports chad commodities cotton (* 48 %)) (wfb::exports chad commodities cattle (* 35 %)) (wfb::exports chad commodities textiles-commodity (* 5 %)) (wfb::exports chad commodities fish-commodity n/a) (wfb::exports chad partners france n/a) (wfb::exports chad partners nigeria n/a) (wfb::exports chad partners cameroon n/a) (wfb::imports chad (* 2.61e+8 $)) (wfb::imports chad commodities machinery_and_transportation_equipment (* 39 %)) (wfb::imports chad commodities industrial_goods (* 20 %)) (wfb::imports chad commodities petroleum_products-commodity (* 13 %)) (wfb::imports chad commodities foodstuffs (* 9 %)) (wfb::imports chad commodities note_-_excludes_military_equipment n/a) (wfb::imports chad partners us n/a) (wfb::imports chad partners france n/a) (wfb::imports chad partners nigeria n/a) (wfb::imports chad partners cameroon n/a) (wfb::external_debt chad (* 4.92e+8 $)) (wfb::industrial_production chad growth_rate (* 2.7 %)) (wfb::electricity chad capacity (* 40000 kw)) (wfb::electricity chad production (* 8.0e+7 kwh)) (wfb::electricity chad consumption_per_capita (* 13 kwh)) (wfb::industry chad cotton_textile_mills) (wfb::industry chad slaughterhouses) (wfb::industry chad brewery) (wfb::industry chad |natron (sodium carbonate)|) (wfb::industry chad soap) (wfb::industry chad cigarettes) (wfb::agriculture chad "accounts for about 45% of GDP; largely subsistence farming; cotton most important cash crop; food crops include sorghum, millet, peanuts, rice, potatoes, manioc; livestock - cattle, sheep, goats, camels; self-sufficient in food in years of adequate rainfall") (wfb::economic_aid chad recipient "US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-89), $198 million; Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-89), $1.5 billion; OPEC bilateral aid (1979-89), $28 million; Communist countries (1970-89), $80 million") (wfb::currency chad cfa_franc 100 centimes) (wfb::exchange_rates chad "Communaute Financiere Africaine Francs (CFAF) per US$1 - 529.43 (January 1995), 555.20 (1994), 283.16 (1993), 264.69 (1992), 282.11 (1991), 272.26 (1990)") (wfb::fiscal_year chad date_1_jan date_31_dec) (wfb::railroads chad "0 km") (wfb::highways chad total (* 31322 km)) (wfb::highways chad bituminous (* 263 km)) (wfb::highways chad (union gravel crushed_stone) (* 7069 km)) (wfb::highways chad earth (* 23990 km)) (wfb::inland_waterways chad "2,000 km navigable") (wfb::airports chad total 66) (wfb::airports chad |with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m| 3) (wfb::airports chad |with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m| 1) (wfb::airports chad with_paved_runways_under_914_m 23) (wfb::airports chad |with unpaved runways over 3,047 m| 1) (wfb::airports chad |with unpaved runways 1,524 to 2,438 m| 17) (wfb::airports chad |with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m| 21) (wfb::telephone_system chad "NA telephones; primitive system") (wfb::telephone_system chad local "NA") (wfb::telephone_system chad intercity "fair system of radio communication stations for intercity links") (wfb::telephone_system chad international "1 INTELSAT (Atlantic Ocean) earth station") (wfb::radio chad broadcast_stations am 6) (wfb::radio chad broadcast_stations fm 1) (wfb::radio chad broadcast_stations shortwave 0) (wfb::radio chad radios n/a) (wfb::television chad televisions n/a) (wfb::defense_branch chad armed_forces_chad) (wfb::defense_branch chad republican_guard_chad) (wfb::defense_branch chad police_chad) (wfb::manpower_availability chad "males age 15-49 1,307,210; males fit for military service 679,640; males reach military age (20) annually 54,945 (1995 est.)") (wfb::defense_expenditures chad (* 7.4e+7 $)) (wfb::defense_expenditures chad (* 11.1 %_of_gdp)))) (comoros ((wfb::location comoros "Southern Africa, group of islands in the Mozambique Channel, about two-thirds of the way between northern Madagascar and northern Mozambique") (wfb::map_references comoros "Africa") (wfb::area comoros total_area (* 2170 sq_km)) (wfb::area comoros land_area (* 2170 sq_km)) (wfb::area comoros comparative_area "slightly more than 12 times the size of Washington, DC") (wfb::coastline comoros (* 340 km)) (wfb::maritime_claims comoros exclusive_economic_zone (* 200 nm)) (wfb::maritime_claims comoros territorial_sea (* 12 nm)) (wfb::international_disputes comoros "claims French-administered Mayotte") (wfb::climate comoros "tropical marine") (wfb::climate comoros "rainy season (November to May)") (wfb::terrain comoros "volcanic islands, interiors vary from steep mountains to low hills") (wfb::natural-resource comoros negligible) (wfb::land_use comoros arable_land (* 35 %)) (wfb::land_use comoros permanent_crops (* 8 %)) (wfb::land_use comoros meadows_and_pastures (* 7 %)) (wfb::land_use comoros forest_and_woodland (* 16 %)) (wfb::land_use comoros other (* 34 %)) (wfb::irrigated_land comoros (* n/a sq_km)) (wfb::environment comoros current_issues "soil degradation and erosion results from crop cultivation on slopes without proper terracing") (wfb::environment comoros current_issues "deforestation") (wfb::environment comoros natural_hazards "cyclones and tsunamis possible during rainy season (December to April)") (wfb::environment comoros natural_hazards "Mount Kartala on Grand Comore is an active volcano") (wfb::environment comoros international_agreements "party to - Biodiversity, Climate Change, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection") (wfb::environment comoros international_agreements "signed, but not ratified - Desertification") (wfb::note comoros "important location at northern end of Mozambique Channel") (wfb::population comoros 549338) (wfb::age_structure comoros 0-14_years (* 48 %)) (wfb::age_structure_by_sex comoros 0-14_years female 131334) (wfb::age_structure_by_sex comoros 0-14_years male 132327) (wfb::age_structure comoros 15-64_years (* 49 %)) (wfb::age_structure_by_sex comoros 15-64_years female 137083) (wfb::age_structure_by_sex comoros 15-64_years male 133629) (wfb::age_structure comoros 65_years_and_over (* 3 %)) (wfb::age_structure_by_sex comoros 65_years_and_over female 7860) (wfb::age_structure_by_sex comoros 65_years_and_over male 7105) (wfb::population_growth_rate comoros (* 3.56 %)) (wfb::birth_rate comoros (* 46.22 |births/1,000 population|)) (wfb::death_rate comoros (* 10.6 |deaths/1,000 population|)) (wfb::net_migration_rate comoros (* 0 |migrant(s)/1,000 population|)) (wfb::infant_mortality_rate comoros (* 77.3 |deaths/1,000 live births|)) (wfb::life_expectancy_at_birth comoros total_population (* 58.27 years)) (wfb::life_expectancy_at_birth comoros male (* 56.04 years)) (wfb::life_expectancy_at_birth comoros female (* 60.57 years)) (wfb::total_fertility_rate comoros (* 6.73 children_born/woman)) (wfb::nationality comoros noun "Comoran(s)") (wfb::nationality comoros adjective "Comoran") (wfb::ethnic-entity comoros antalote n/a) (wfb::ethnic-entity comoros cafre n/a) (wfb::ethnic-entity comoros makoa n/a) (wfb::ethnic-entity comoros oimatsaha n/a) (wfb::ethnic-entity comoros sakalava n/a) (wfb::religion comoros sunni_muslim (* 86 %)) (wfb::religion comoros roman_catholic (* 14 %)) (wfb::language comoros arabic n/a) (wfb::language comoros french n/a) (wfb::language comoros comoran n/a) (wfb::literacy-condition comoros "age 15 and over can read and write") (wfb::literacy comoros total_population (* 48 %)) (wfb::literacy comoros male (* 56 %)) (wfb::literacy comoros female (* 40 %)) (wfb::total_labor_force comoros 140000) (wfb::labor_force_by_occupation comoros agriculture (* 80 %)) (wfb::labor_force_by_occupation comoros government (* 3 %)) (wfb::names comoros conventional_long_form "Federal Islamic Republic of the Comoros") (wfb::names comoros conventional_short_form "Comoros") (wfb::names comoros local_long_form "Republique Federale Islamique des Comores") (wfb::names comoros local_short_form "Comores") (wfb::digraph comoros "CN") (type comoros "independent republic") (wfb::capital comoros moroni-comoros) (wfb::independence comoros date_6_jul_1975 "France") (wfb::national_holiday comoros "Independence Day" date_6_jul) (wfb::constitution comoros "7 June 1992") (wfb::legal_system comoros "French and Muslim law in a new consolidated code") (wfb::suffrage comoros (* 18 years_of_age)) (wfb::executive_branch comoros chief_of_state "President Said Mohamed DJOHAR " date_11_mar_1990) (wfb::executive_branch comoros head_of_government "Prime Minister Halifa HOUMADI " date_13_oct_1994) (wfb::executive_branch comoros cabinet "Council of Ministers") (wfb::legislative_structure comoros unicameral n/a) (wfb::legislative_branch comoros "Federal Assembly (Assemblee Federale)" "elections last held 12-20 December 1993 (next to be held by NA January 1998); results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (42 total) Ruling Coalition: RDR 15, UNDC 5, MWANGAZA 2; Opposition: UDZIMA 8, other smaller parties 10; 2 seats remained unfilled") (wfb::judicial_branch comoros "Supreme Court (Cour Supreme)") (wfb::political_parties_and_leaders comoros "over 20 political parties are currently active, the most important of which are; Comoran Union for Progress (UDZIMA), Omar TAMOU; Islands' Fraternity and Unity Party (CHUMA), Said Ali KEMAL; Comoran Party for Democracy and Progress (PCDP), Ali MROUDJAE; Realizing Freedom's Capability (UWEZO), Mouazair ABDALLAH; Democratic Front of the Comoros (FDR), Moustapha CHELKH; Dialogue Proposition Action (DPA/MWANGAZA), Said MCHAWGAMA; Rally for Change and Democracy (RACHADE), Hassan HACHIM; Union for Democracy and Decentralization (UNDC), Mohamed Taki Halidi IBRAHAM; Rally for Democracy and Renewal (RDR); Comoran Popular Front (FPC), Mohamed HASSANALI, Mohamed El Arif OUKACHA, Abdou MOUSTAKIM (Secretary General)") (wfb::member_of comoros acct) (wfb::member_of comoros acp) (wfb::member_of comoros afdb) (wfb::member_of comoros al) (wfb::member_of comoros ccc) (wfb::member_of comoros eca) (wfb::member_of comoros fao) (wfb::member_of comoros fz) (wfb::member_of comoros g-77) (wfb::member_of comoros ibrd) (wfb::member_of comoros icao) (wfb::member_of comoros ida) (wfb::member_of comoros idb) (wfb::member_of comoros ifad) (wfb::member_of comoros ifc) (wfb::member_of comoros ifrcs) (wfb::member_of comoros ilo) (wfb::member_of comoros imf) (wfb::member_of comoros intelsat) (wfb::member_of comoros ioc) (wfb::member_of comoros itu) (wfb::member_of comoros nam) (wfb::member_of comoros oau) (wfb::member_of comoros oic) (wfb::member_of comoros un) (wfb::member_of comoros unctad) (wfb::member_of comoros unesco) (wfb::member_of comoros unido) (wfb::member_of comoros upu) (wfb::member_of comoros who) (wfb::member_of comoros wmo) (wfb::diplomatic_representation_in_us comoros chief_of_mission "Ambassador Mohamed Ahamadu DJIMBANAO (ambassador to the US and Canada)") (wfb::diplomatic_representation_in_us comoros chancery "(temporary) care of the Permanent Mission of the Federal and Islamic Republic of the Comoros to the United Nations, 336 East 45th Street, 2nd Floor, New York, NY 10017") (wfb::diplomatic_representation_in_us comoros telephone "[1] (212) 972-8010") (wfb::diplomatic_representation_in_us comoros fax "[1] (212) 983-4712") (wfb::us_diplomatic_representation comoros "none; ambassador to Port Louis, Mauritius, is accredited to Comoros") (wfb::flag comoros "green with a white crescent in the center of the field, its points facing upward; there are four white five-pointed stars placed in a line between the points of the crescent; the crescent, stars, and color green are traditional symbols of Islam; the four stars represent the four main islands of the archipelago - Mwali, Njazidja, Nzwani, and Mayotte (a territorial collectivity of France, but claimed by Comoros); the design, the most recent of several, is described in the constitution approved by referendum on 7 June 1992") (wfb::overview comoros "One of the world's poorest countries, Comoros is made up of several islands that have poor transportation links, a young and rapidly increasing population, and few natural resources. The low educational level of the labor force contributes to a subsistence level of economic activity, high unemployment, and a heavy dependence on foreign grants and technical assistance. Agriculture, including fishing, hunting, and forestry, is the leading sector of the economy. It contributes 40% to GDP, employs 80% of the labor force, and provides most of the exports. The country is not self-sufficient in food production; rice, the main staple, accounts for 90% of imports. The government is struggling to upgrade education and technical training, to privatize commercial and industrial enterprises, to improve health services, to diversify exports, and to reduce the high population growth rate. Continued foreign support is essential if the goal of 4% annual GDP growth is to be reached in the late 1990s.") (wfb::national_product comoros (* 3.7e+8 $)) (wfb::national_product_real_growth_rate comoros (* 0.9 %)) (wfb::national_product_per_capita comoros (* 700 $)) (wfb::|Inflation rate (consumer prices)| comoros "15% (1993 est.)") (wfb::unemployment_rate comoros (* 15.8 %)) (wfb::budget comoros revenues (* 8.3e+7 $)) (wfb::budget comoros expenditures (* 9.2e+7 $)) (wfb::budget comoros capital_expenditures (* 3.2e+7 $)) (wfb::exports comoros (* 1.37e+7 $)) (wfb::exports comoros commodities vanilla n/a) (wfb::exports comoros commodities ylang-ylang n/a) (wfb::exports comoros commodities cloves n/a) (wfb::exports comoros commodities perfume_oil n/a) (wfb::exports comoros commodities copra n/a) (wfb::exports comoros partners us (* 44 %)) (wfb::exports comoros partners france (* 40 %)) (wfb::exports comoros partners germany (* 6 %)) (wfb::exports comoros partners africa (* 5 %)) (wfb::imports comoros (* 4.09e+7 $)) (wfb::imports comoros commodities rice_and_other_foodstuffs n/a) (wfb::imports comoros commodities petroleum_products-commodity n/a) (wfb::imports comoros commodities cement-commodity n/a) (wfb::imports comoros commodities consumer_goods n/a) (wfb::imports comoros partners france (* 34 %)) (wfb::imports comoros partners south_africa (* 14 %)) (wfb::imports comoros partners kenya (* 8 %)) (wfb::imports comoros partners japan (* 4 %)) (wfb::external_debt comoros (* 1.6e+8 $)) (wfb::industrial_production comoros growth_rate (* -6.5 %)) (wfb::industrial_production comoros accounts_for (* 6 %_of_gdp)) (wfb::electricity comoros capacity (* 16000 kw)) (wfb::electricity comoros production (* 1.7e+7 kwh)) (wfb::electricity comoros consumption_per_capita (* 27 kwh)) (wfb::industry comoros perfume_distillation) (wfb::industry comoros textiles) (wfb::industry comoros furniture) (wfb::industry comoros jewelry-industry) (wfb::industry comoros construction_materials-industry) (wfb::industry comoros soft_drinks) (wfb::agriculture comoros "accounts for 40% of GDP; most of population works in subsistence agriculture and fishing; plantations produce cash crops for export - vanilla, cloves, perfume essences, copra; principal food crops - coconuts, bananas, cassava; world's leading producer of essence of ylang-ylang (for perfumes) and second-largest producer of vanilla; large net food importer") (wfb::economic_aid comoros recipient "US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY80-89), $10 million; Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-89), $435 million; OPEC bilateral aid (1979-89), $22 million; Communist countries (1970-89), $18 million") (wfb::currency comoros comoran_franc 100 centimes) (wfb::exchange_rates comoros "Comoran francs (CF) per US$1 - 297.07 (January 1995), 416.40 (1994), 254.57 (1993), 264.69 (1992), 282.11 (1991), 272.26 (1990)") (wfb::fiscal_year comoros date_1_jan date_31_dec) (wfb::railroads comoros "0 km") (wfb::highways comoros total (* 750 km)) (wfb::highways comoros bituminous (* 210 km)) (wfb::highways comoros (union crushed_stone gravel) (* 540 km)) (wfb::port comoros fomboni-comoros) (wfb::port comoros moroni-comoros) (wfb::port comoros mutsamudo-comoros) (wfb::merchant_marine comoros "none") (wfb::airports comoros total 4) (wfb::airports comoros |with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m| 1) (wfb::airports comoros |with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m| 3) (wfb::telephone_system comoros "over 1,800 telephones; sparse system of radio relay and high-frequency radio communication stations for interisland and external communications to Madagascar and Reunion") (wfb::telephone_system comoros local "NA") (wfb::telephone_system comoros intercity "high frequency radio and microwave radio relay") (wfb::telephone_system comoros international "high frequency radio") (wfb::radio comoros broadcast_stations am 2) (wfb::radio comoros broadcast_stations fm 1) (wfb::radio comoros broadcast_stations shortwave 0) (wfb::radio comoros radios n/a) (wfb::television comoros broadcast_stations 0) (wfb::television comoros televisions n/a) (wfb::defense_branch comoros comoran_security_force_comoros) (wfb::manpower_availability comoros "males age 15-49 117,349; males fit for military service 70,178 (1995 est.)"))) (congo ((wfb::location congo "Western Africa, bordering the South Atlantic Ocean, between Angola and Gabon") (wfb::map_references congo "Africa") (wfb::area congo total_area (* 342000 sq_km)) (wfb::area congo land_area (* 341500 sq_km)) (wfb::area congo comparative_area "slightly smaller than Montana") (wfb::borders congo total (* 5504 km)) (wfb::borders congo angola (* 201 km)) (wfb::borders congo cameroon (* 523 km)) (wfb::borders congo central_african_republic (* 467 km)) (wfb::borders congo gabon (* 1903 km)) (wfb::borders congo zaire (* 2410 km)) (wfb::coastline congo (* 169 km)) (wfb::maritime_claims congo territorial_sea (* 200 nm)) (wfb::international_disputes congo "long segment of boundary with Zaire along the Congo River is indefinite (no division of the river or its islands has been made)") (wfb::climate congo "tropical") (wfb::climate congo "rainy season (March to June)") (wfb::climate congo "dry season (June to October)") (wfb::climate congo "constantly high temperatures and humidity") (wfb::climate congo "particularly enervating climate astride the Equator") (wfb::terrain congo "coastal plain, southern basin, central plateau, northern basin") (wfb::natural-resource congo petroleum) (wfb::natural-resource congo timber) (wfb::natural-resource congo potash) (wfb::natural-resource congo lead) (wfb::natural-resource congo zinc) (wfb::natural-resource congo uranium) (wfb::natural-resource congo copper) (wfb::natural-resource congo phosphates) (wfb::natural-resource congo natural_gas) (wfb::land_use congo arable_land (* 2 %)) (wfb::land_use congo permanent_crops (* 0 %)) (wfb::land_use congo meadows_and_pastures (* 29 %)) (wfb::land_use congo forest_and_woodland (* 62 %)) (wfb::land_use congo other (* 7 %)) (wfb::irrigated_land congo (* 40 sq_km)) (wfb::environment congo current_issues "air pollution from vehicle emissions") (wfb::environment congo current_issues "water pollution from the dumping of raw sewage") (wfb::environment congo current_issues "tap water is not potable") (wfb::environment congo current_issues "deforestation") (wfb::environment congo natural_hazards "seasonal flooding") (wfb::environment congo international_agreements "party to - Endangered Species, Ozone Layer Protection, Tropical Timber 83") (wfb::environment congo international_agreements "signed, but not ratified - Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Law of the Sea, Tropical Timber 94") (wfb::note congo "about 70% of the population lives in Brazzaville, Pointe Noire, or along the railroad between them") (wfb::population congo 2504996) (wfb::age_structure congo 0-14_years (* 44 %)) (wfb::age_structure_by_sex congo 0-14_years female 543324) (wfb::age_structure_by_sex congo 0-14_years male 548840) (wfb::age_structure congo 15-64_years (* 53 %)) (wfb::age_structure_by_sex congo 15-64_years female 682927) (wfb::age_structure_by_sex congo 15-64_years male 645045) (wfb::age_structure congo 65_years_and_over (* 3 %)) (wfb::age_structure_by_sex congo 65_years_and_over female 49879) (wfb::age_structure_by_sex congo 65_years_and_over male 34981) (wfb::population_growth_rate congo (* 2.32 %)) (wfb::birth_rate congo (* 39.86 |births/1,000 population|)) (wfb::death_rate congo (* 16.7 |deaths/1,000 population|)) (wfb::net_migration_rate congo (* 0 |migrant(s)/1,000 population|)) (wfb::infant_mortality_rate congo (* 109.4 |deaths/1,000 live births|)) (wfb::life_expectancy_at_birth congo total_population (* 47.09 years)) (wfb::life_expectancy_at_birth congo male (* 45.23 years)) (wfb::life_expectancy_at_birth congo female (* 49 years)) (wfb::total_fertility_rate congo (* 5.23 children_born/woman)) (wfb::nationality congo noun "Congolese (singular and plural)") (wfb::nationality congo adjective "Congolese or Congo") (wfb::religion congo christian (* 50 %)) (wfb::religion congo animist (* 48 %)) (wfb::religion congo muslim (* 2 %)) (wfb::language congo french n/a) (wfb::language congo african_languages n/a) (wfb::literacy-condition congo "age 15 and over can read and write") (wfb::literacy congo total_population (* 60 %)) (wfb::literacy congo male (* 71 %)) (wfb::literacy congo female (* 49 %)) (wfb::labor_force_by_occupation congo agriculture (* 75 %)) (wfb::labor_force_by_occupation congo commerce n/a) (wfb::labor_force_by_occupation congo industry n/a) (wfb::labor_force_by_occupation congo government (* 25 %)) (wfb::names congo conventional_long_form "Republic of the Congo") (wfb::names congo conventional_short_form "Congo") (wfb::names congo local_long_form "Republique Populaire du Congo") (wfb::names congo local_short_form "Congo") (wfb::names congo former "Congo/Brazzaville") (wfb::digraph congo "CF") (type congo "republic") (wfb::capital congo brazzaville-congo) (wfb::administrative_divisions congo adm_div_congo_regions 9) (wfb::administrative_divisions congo adm_div_congo_commune 1) (wfb::administrative_division_of congo adm_div_congo_regions "Bouenza") (wfb::administrative_division_of congo adm_div_congo_commune "Brazzaville") (wfb::administrative_division_of congo adm_div_congo_regions "Cuvette") (wfb::administrative_division_of congo adm_div_congo_regions "Kouilou") (wfb::administrative_division_of congo adm_div_congo_regions "Lekoumou") (wfb::administrative_division_of congo adm_div_congo_regions "Likouala") (wfb::administrative_division_of congo adm_div_congo_regions "Niari") (wfb::administrative_division_of congo adm_div_congo_regions "Plateaux") (wfb::administrative_division_of congo adm_div_congo_regions "Pool") (wfb::administrative_division_of congo adm_div_congo_regions "Sangha") (wfb::independence congo date_15_aug_1960 "France") (wfb::national_holiday congo "Congolese National Day" date_15_aug) (wfb::constitution congo "new constitution approved by referendum March 1992") (wfb::legal_system congo "based on French civil law system and customary law") (wfb::suffrage congo (* 18 years_of_age)) (wfb::executive_branch congo chief_of_state "President Pascal LISSOUBA " date_aug_1992) (wfb::executive_branch congo head_of_government "Prime Minister Jacques Joachim YHOMBI-OPANGO " date_23_jun_1993) (wfb::executive_branch congo cabinet "Council of Ministers") (wfb::legislative_structure congo bicameral n/a) (wfb::legislative_branch congo "National Assembly (Assemblee Nationale)" "election last held 3 October 1993; results - percentage vote by party NA; seats - (125 total) UPADS 64, URD/PCT 58, others 3") (wfb::legislative_branch congo "Senate" "election last held 26 July 1992 (next to be held July 1998); results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (60 total) UPADS 23, MCDDI 14, RDD 8, RDPS 5, PCT 2, others 8") (wfb::judicial_branch congo "Supreme Court (Cour Supreme)") (wfb::political_parties_and_leaders congo "Congolese Labor Party (PCT), Denis SASSOU-NGUESSO, president; Pan-African Union for Social Development (UPADS), Pascal LISSOUBA, leader; Association for Democracy and Development (RDD), Joachim Yhombi OPANGO, president; Congolese Movement for Democracy and Integral Development (MCDDI), Bernard KOLELAS, leader; Association for Democracy and Social Progress (RDPS), Jean-Pierre Thystere TCHICAYA, president; Union of Democratic Forces (UFD), David Charles GANAO, leader; Union for Development and Social Progress (UDPS), Jean-Michael BOKAMBA-YANGOUMA, leader") (wfb::other_political_or_pressure_groups congo "Union of Congolese Socialist Youth (UJSC); Congolese Trade Union Congress (CSC); Revolutionary Union of Congolese Women (URFC); General Union of Congolese Pupils and Students (UGEEC)") (wfb::member_of congo acct) (wfb::member_of congo acp) (wfb::member_of congo afdb) (wfb::member_of congo bdeac) (wfb::member_of congo ccc) (wfb::member_of congo ceeac) (wfb::member_of congo eca) (wfb::member_of congo fao) (wfb::member_of congo fz) (wfb::member_of congo g-77) (wfb::member_of congo gatt) (wfb::member_of congo ibrd) (wfb::member_of congo icao) (wfb::member_of congo icrm) (wfb::member_of congo ida) (wfb::member_of congo ifad) (wfb::member_of congo ifc) (wfb::member_of congo ifrcs) (wfb::member_of congo ilo) (wfb::member_of congo imf) (wfb::member_of congo imo) (wfb::member_of congo intelsat) (wfb::member_of congo interpol) (wfb::member_of congo ioc) (wfb::member_of congo itu) (wfb::member_of congo nam) (wfb::member_of congo oau) (wfb::member_of congo udeac) (wfb::member_of congo un) (wfb::member_of congo unamir) (wfb::member_of congo unavem_ii) (wfb::member_of congo unctad) (wfb::member_of congo unesco) (wfb::member_of congo unido) (wfb::member_of congo upu) (wfb::member_of congo wftu) (wfb::member_of congo who) (wfb::member_of congo wipo) (wfb::member_of congo wmo) (wfb::member_of congo wto) (wfb::diplomatic_representation_in_us congo chief_of_mission "Ambassador Pierre Damien BOUSSOUKOU-BOUMBA") (wfb::diplomatic_representation_in_us congo chancery "4891 Colorado Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20011") (wfb::diplomatic_representation_in_us congo telephone "[1] (202) 726-0825") (wfb::diplomatic_representation_in_us congo fax "[1] (202) 726-1860") (wfb::us_diplomatic_representation congo chief_of_mission "Ambassador William C. RAMSEY") (wfb::us_diplomatic_representation congo embassy "Avenue Amilcar Cabral, Brazzaville") (wfb::us_diplomatic_representation congo mailing_address "B. P. 1015, Brazzaville") (wfb::us_diplomatic_representation congo telephone "[242] 83 20 70") (wfb::us_diplomatic_representation congo fax "[242] 83 63 38") (wfb::flag congo "red, divided diagonally from the lower hoist side by a yellow band; the upper triangle (hoist side) is green and the lower triangle is red; uses the popular pan-African colors of Ethiopia") (wfb::overview congo "Congo's economy is a mixture of village agriculture and handicrafts, an industrial sector based largely on oil, support services, and a government characterized by budget problems and overstaffing. A reform program, supported by the IMF and World Bank, ran into difficulties in 1990-91 because of problems in changing to a democratic political regime and a heavy debt-servicing burden. Oil has supplanted forestry as the mainstay of the economy, providing about two-thirds of government revenues and exports. In the early 1980s rapidly rising oil revenues enabled Congo to finance large-scale development projects with growth averaging 5% annually, one of the highest rates in Africa. Subsequently, growth has slowed to an average of roughly 1.5% annually, only two-thirds of the population growth rate. Political turmoil and misguided government investment have derailed economic reform programs sponsored by the IMF and World Bank. Even with these difficulties Congo enjoys one of the highest incomes per capita in sub-Saharan Africa") (wfb::national_product congo (* 6.7000003e+9 $)) (wfb::national_product_real_growth_rate congo (* -2.1 %)) (wfb::national_product_per_capita congo (* 2820 $)) (wfb::|Inflation rate (consumer prices)| congo "2.2% (1992 est.)") (wfb::unemployment_rate congo (* n/a %)) (wfb::budget congo revenues (* 7.65e+8 $)) (wfb::budget congo expenditures (* 9.52e+8 $)) (wfb::budget congo capital_expenditures (* 6.5e+7 $)) (wfb::exports congo (* 1.1e+9 $)) (wfb::exports congo commodities crude_oil (* 83 %)) (wfb::exports congo commodities lumber-commodity n/a) (wfb::exports congo commodities plywood n/a) (wfb::exports congo commodities sugar-commodity n/a) (wfb::exports congo commodities cocoa n/a) (wfb::exports congo commodities coffee n/a) (wfb::exports congo commodities diamonds-commodity n/a) (wfb::exports congo partners us n/a) (wfb::exports congo partners italy n/a) (wfb::exports congo partners france n/a) (wfb::exports congo partners spain n/a) (wfb::imports congo (* 4.72e+8 $)) (wfb::imports congo commodities intermediate_manufactures n/a) (wfb::imports congo commodities capital_equipment n/a) (wfb::imports congo commodities construction_materials n/a) (wfb::imports congo commodities foodstuffs n/a) (wfb::imports congo partners france n/a) (wfb::imports congo partners us n/a) (wfb::imports congo partners italy n/a) (wfb::imports congo partners japan n/a) (wfb::external_debt congo (* 4.0e+9 $)) (wfb::industrial_production congo growth_rate (* 8 %)) (wfb::industrial_production congo accounts_for (* 35 %_of_gdp)) (wfb::electricity congo capacity (* 120000 kw)) (wfb::electricity congo production (* 4.0e+8 kwh)) (wfb::electricity congo consumption_per_capita (* 201 kwh)) (wfb::industry congo petroleum-industry) (wfb::industry congo cement) (wfb::industry congo lumbering) (wfb::industry congo brewing) (wfb::industry congo sugar_milling) (wfb::industry congo palm_oil) (wfb::industry congo soap) (wfb::industry congo cigarette) (wfb::agriculture congo "accounts for 12% of GDP (including fishing and forestry); cassava accounts for 90% of food output; other crops - rice, corn, peanuts, vegetables; cash crops include coffee and cocoa; forest products important export earner; imports over 90% of food needs") (wfb::economic_aid congo recipient "US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-90), $63 million; Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-90), $2.5 billion; OPEC bilateral aid (1979-89), $15 million; Communist countries (1970-89), $338 million") (wfb::currency congo cfa_franc 100 centimes) (wfb::exchange_rates congo "Communaute Financiere Africaine francs (CFAF) per US$1 - 529.43 (January 1994), 555.20 (1994), 283.16 (1993), 264.69 (1992), 282.11 (1991), 272.26 (1990)") (wfb::fiscal_year congo date_1_jan date_31_dec) (wfb::railroads congo total "797 km (includes 285 km that are privately owned)") (wfb::railroads congo narrow_gauge "797 km 1.067-m gauge") (wfb::highways congo total (* 11960 km)) (wfb::highways congo paved (* 560 km)) (wfb::highways congo gravel_or_crushed_stone (* 850 km)) (wfb::highways congo improved_earth (* 5350 km)) (wfb::highways congo unimproved_earth (* 5200 km)) (wfb::inland_waterways congo "the Congo and Ubangi (Oubangui) Rivers provide 1,120 km of commercially navigable water transport; the rest are used for local traffic only") (wfb::port congo brazzaville-congo) (wfb::port congo impfondo-congo) (wfb::port congo ouesso-congo) (wfb::port congo oyo-congo) (wfb::port congo pointe-noire-congo) (wfb::merchant_marine congo "none") (wfb::airports congo total 41) (wfb::airports congo |with paved runways over 3,047 m| 1) (wfb::airports congo |with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m| 3) (wfb::airports congo with_paved_runways_under_914_m 11) (wfb::airports congo |with unpaved runways 1,524 to 2,438 m| 8) (wfb::airports congo |with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m| 18) (wfb::telephone_system congo "18,100 telephones; 7 telephones/1,000 persons; services adequate for government use; key centers are Brazzaville, Pointe-Noire, and Loubomo") (wfb::telephone_system congo local "NA") (wfb::telephone_system congo intercity "primary network consists of microwave radio relay and coaxial cable") (wfb::telephone_system congo international "1 Atlantic Ocean INTELSAT earth station") (wfb::radio congo broadcast_stations am 4) (wfb::radio congo broadcast_stations fm 1) (wfb::radio congo broadcast_stations shortwave 0) (wfb::radio congo radios n/a) (wfb::television congo broadcast_stations 4) (wfb::television congo televisions n/a) (wfb::defense_branch congo army_congo) (wfb::defense_branch congo navy_congo) (wfb::defense_branch congo air_force_congo) (wfb::defense_branch congo national_police_congo) (wfb::manpower_availability congo "males age 15-49 568,663; males fit for military service 289,335; males reach military age (20) annually 24,749 (1995 est.)") (wfb::defense_expenditures congo (* 1.1e+8 $)) (wfb::defense_expenditures congo (* 3.8 %_of_gdp)))) (Cote d'Ivoire ((wfb::header |Cote d'Ivoire| "(also known as Ivory Coast)") (wfb::location |Cote d'Ivoire| "Western Africa, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean, between Ghana and Liberia") (wfb::map_references |Cote d'Ivoire| "Africa") (wfb::area |Cote d'Ivoire| total_area (* 322460 sq_km)) (wfb::area |Cote d'Ivoire| land_area (* 318000 sq_km)) (wfb::area |Cote d'Ivoire| comparative_area "slightly larger than New Mexico") (wfb::borders |Cote d'Ivoire| total (* 3110 km)) (wfb::borders |Cote d'Ivoire| burkina (* 584 km)) (wfb::borders |Cote d'Ivoire| ghana (* 668 km)) (wfb::borders |Cote d'Ivoire| guinea (* 610 km)) (wfb::borders |Cote d'Ivoire| liberia (* 716 km)) (wfb::borders |Cote d'Ivoire| mali (* 532 km)) (wfb::coastline |Cote d'Ivoire| (* 515 km)) (wfb::maritime_claims |Cote d'Ivoire| continental_shelf (* 200 nm)) (wfb::maritime_claims |Cote d'Ivoire| exclusive_economic_zone (* 200 nm)) (wfb::maritime_claims |Cote d'Ivoire| territorial_sea (* 12 nm)) (wfb::international_disputes |Cote d'Ivoire| "none") (wfb::climate |Cote d'Ivoire| "tropical along coast, semiarid in far north") (wfb::climate |Cote d'Ivoire| "three seasons - warm and dry (November to March), hot and dry (March to May), hot and wet (June to October)") (wfb::terrain |Cote d'Ivoire| "mostly flat to undulating plains") (wfb::terrain |Cote d'Ivoire| "mountains in northwest") (wfb::natural-resource |Cote d'Ivoire| petroleum) (wfb::natural-resource |Cote d'Ivoire| diamonds) (wfb::natural-resource |Cote d'Ivoire| manganese) (wfb::natural-resource |Cote d'Ivoire| iron_ore) (wfb::natural-resource |Cote d'Ivoire| cobalt) (wfb::natural-resource |Cote d'Ivoire| bauxite) (wfb::natural-resource |Cote d'Ivoire| copper) (wfb::land_use |Cote d'Ivoire| arable_land (* 9 %)) (wfb::land_use |Cote d'Ivoire| permanent_crops (* 4 %)) (wfb::land_use |Cote d'Ivoire| meadows_and_pastures (* 9 %)) (wfb::land_use |Cote d'Ivoire| forest_and_woodland (* 26 %)) (wfb::land_use |Cote d'Ivoire| other (* 52 %)) (wfb::irrigated_land |Cote d'Ivoire| (* 620 sq_km)) (wfb::environment |Cote d'Ivoire| current_issues "deforestation (most of the country's forests - once the largest in West Africa - have been cleared by the timber industry)") (wfb::environment |Cote d'Ivoire| current_issues "water pollution from sewage and industrial and agricultural effluents") (wfb::environment |Cote d'Ivoire| natural_hazards "coast has heavy surf and no natural harbors") (wfb::environment |Cote d'Ivoire| natural_hazards "during the rainy season torrential flooding is possible") (wfb::environment |Cote d'Ivoire| international_agreements "party to - Biodiversity, Climate Change, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83") (wfb::environment |Cote d'Ivoire| international_agreements "signed, but not ratified - Desertification") (wfb::population |Cote d'Ivoire| 14791257) (wfb::age_structure |Cote d'Ivoire| 0-14_years (* 48 %)) (wfb::age_structure_by_sex |Cote d'Ivoire| 0-14_years female 3506147) (wfb::age_structure_by_sex |Cote d'Ivoire| 0-14_years male 3534751) (wfb::age_structure |Cote d'Ivoire| 15-64_years (* 50 %)) (wfb::age_structure_by_sex |Cote d'Ivoire| 15-64_years female 3619759) (wfb::age_structure_by_sex |Cote d'Ivoire| 15-64_years male 3820999) (wfb::age_structure |Cote d'Ivoire| 65_years_and_over (* 2 %)) (wfb::age_structure_by_sex |Cote d'Ivoire| 65_years_and_over female 142366) (wfb::age_structure_by_sex |Cote d'Ivoire| 65_years_and_over male 167235) (wfb::population_growth_rate |Cote d'Ivoire| (* 3.38 %)) (wfb::birth_rate |Cote d'Ivoire| (* 46.17 |births/1,000 population|)) (wfb::death_rate |Cote d'Ivoire| (* 14.95 |deaths/1,000 population|)) (wfb::net_migration_rate |Cote d'Ivoire| (* n/a |migrant(s)/1,000 population|)) (wfb::infant_mortality_rate |Cote d'Ivoire| (* 93.1 |deaths/1,000 live births|)) (wfb::life_expectancy_at_birth |Cote d'Ivoire| total_population (* 48.87 years)) (wfb::life_expectancy_at_birth |Cote d'Ivoire| male (* 46.52 years)) (wfb::life_expectancy_at_birth |Cote d'Ivoire| female (* 51.29 years)) (wfb::total_fertility_rate |Cote d'Ivoire| (* 6.61 children_born/woman)) (wfb::nationality |Cote d'Ivoire| noun "Ivorian(s)") (wfb::nationality |Cote d'Ivoire| adjective "Ivorian") (wfb::ethnic-entity |Cote d'Ivoire| baoule (* 23 %)) (wfb::ethnic-entity |Cote d'Ivoire| bete (* 18 %)) (wfb::ethnic-entity |Cote d'Ivoire| senoufou (* 15 %)) (wfb::ethnic-entity |Cote d'Ivoire| malinke (* 11 %)) (wfb::ethnic-entity |Cote d'Ivoire| agni n/a) (wfb::ethnic-entity |Cote d'Ivoire| foreign_africans n/a) (wfb::ethnic-entity |Cote d'Ivoire| |non-Africans 130,000 to 330,000| n/a) (wfb::religion |Cote d'Ivoire| indigenous (* 25 %)) (wfb::religion |Cote d'Ivoire| muslim (* 60 %)) (wfb::religion |Cote d'Ivoire| christian (* 12 %)) (wfb::language |Cote d'Ivoire| french n/a) (wfb::language |Cote d'Ivoire| dioula_is_the_most_widely_spoken n/a) (wfb::literacy-condition |Cote d'Ivoire| "age 15 and over can read and write") (wfb::literacy |Cote d'Ivoire| total_population (* 34 %)) (wfb::literacy |Cote d'Ivoire| male (* 44 %)) (wfb::literacy |Cote d'Ivoire| female (* 23 %)) (wfb::total_labor_force |Cote d'Ivoire| 5718000.0) (wfb::labor_force_by_occupation |Cote d'Ivoire| forestry n/a) (wfb::labor_force_by_occupation |Cote d'Ivoire| livestock_raising n/a) (wfb::labor_force_by_occupation |Cote d'Ivoire| industry n/a) (wfb::labor_force_by_occupation |Cote d'Ivoire| commerce n/a) (wfb::labor_force_by_occupation |Cote d'Ivoire| professions n/a) (wfb::names |Cote d'Ivoire| conventional_long_form "Republic of Cote d'Ivoire") (wfb::names |Cote d'Ivoire| conventional_short_form "Cote d'Ivoire") (wfb::names |Cote d'Ivoire| local_long_form "Republique de Cote d'Ivoire") (wfb::names |Cote d'Ivoire| local_short_form "Cote d'Ivoire") (wfb::names |Cote d'Ivoire| former "Ivory Coast") (wfb::digraph |Cote d'Ivoire| "IV") (type |Cote d'Ivoire| "republic; multiparty presidential regime established 1960") (wfb::capital |Cote d'Ivoire| |Yamoussoukro-Cote d'Ivoire|) (wfb::administrative_divisions |Cote d'Ivoire| |adm_div_Cote d'Ivoire_departments| 50) (wfb::administrative_division_of |Cote d'Ivoire| |adm_div_Cote d'Ivoire_departments| "Abengourou") (wfb::administrative_division_of |Cote d'Ivoire| |adm_div_Cote d'Ivoire_departments| "Abidjan") (wfb::administrative_division_of |Cote d'Ivoire| |adm_div_Cote d'Ivoire_departments| "Aboisso") (wfb::administrative_division_of |Cote d'Ivoire| |adm_div_Cote d'Ivoire_departments| "Adzope") (wfb::administrative_division_of |Cote d'Ivoire| |adm_div_Cote d'Ivoire_departments| "Agboville") (wfb::administrative_division_of |Cote d'Ivoire| |adm_div_Cote d'Ivoire_departments| "Agnibilekrou") (wfb::administrative_division_of |Cote d'Ivoire| |adm_div_Cote d'Ivoire_departments| "Bangolo") (wfb::administrative_division_of |Cote d'Ivoire| |adm_div_Cote d'Ivoire_departments| "Beoumi") (wfb::administrative_division_of |Cote d'Ivoire| |adm_div_Cote d'Ivoire_departments| "Biankouma") (wfb::administrative_division_of |Cote d'Ivoire| |adm_div_Cote d'Ivoire_departments| "Bondoukou") (wfb::administrative_division_of |Cote d'Ivoire| |adm_div_Cote d'Ivoire_departments| "Bongouanou") (wfb::administrative_division_of |Cote d'Ivoire| |adm_div_Cote d'Ivoire_departments| "Bouafle") (wfb::administrative_division_of |Cote d'Ivoire| |adm_div_Cote d'Ivoire_departments| "Bouake") (wfb::administrative_division_of |Cote d'Ivoire| |adm_div_Cote d'Ivoire_departments| "Bouna") (wfb::administrative_division_of |Cote d'Ivoire| |adm_div_Cote d'Ivoire_departments| "Boundiali") (wfb::administrative_division_of |Cote d'Ivoire| |adm_div_Cote d'Ivoire_departments| "Dabakala") (wfb::administrative_division_of |Cote d'Ivoire| |adm_div_Cote d'Ivoire_departments| "Daloa") (wfb::administrative_division_of |Cote d'Ivoire| |adm_div_Cote d'Ivoire_departments| "Danane") (wfb::administrative_division_of |Cote d'Ivoire| |adm_div_Cote d'Ivoire_departments| "Daoukro") (wfb::administrative_division_of |Cote d'Ivoire| |adm_div_Cote d'Ivoire_departments| "Dimbokro") (wfb::administrative_division_of |Cote d'Ivoire| |adm_div_Cote d'Ivoire_departments| "Divo") (wfb::administrative_division_of |Cote d'Ivoire| |adm_div_Cote d'Ivoire_departments| "Duekoue") (wfb::administrative_division_of |Cote d'Ivoire| |adm_div_Cote d'Ivoire_departments| "Ferkessedougou") (wfb::administrative_division_of |Cote d'Ivoire| |adm_div_Cote d'Ivoire_departments| "Gagnoa") (wfb::administrative_division_of |Cote d'Ivoire| |adm_div_Cote d'Ivoire_departments| "Grand-Lahou") (wfb::administrative_division_of |Cote d'Ivoire| |adm_div_Cote d'Ivoire_departments| "Guiglo") (wfb::administrative_division_of |Cote d'Ivoire| |adm_div_Cote d'Ivoire_departments| "Issia") (wfb::administrative_division_of |Cote d'Ivoire| |adm_div_Cote d'Ivoire_departments| "Katiola") (wfb::administrative_division_of |Cote d'Ivoire| |adm_div_Cote d'Ivoire_departments| "Korhogo") (wfb::administrative_division_of |Cote d'Ivoire| |adm_div_Cote d'Ivoire_departments| "Lakota") (wfb::administrative_division_of |Cote d'Ivoire| |adm_div_Cote d'Ivoire_departments| "Man") (wfb::administrative_division_of |Cote d'Ivoire| |adm_div_Cote d'Ivoire_departments| "Mankono") (wfb::administrative_division_of |Cote d'Ivoire| |adm_div_Cote d'Ivoire_departments| "Mbahiakro") (wfb::administrative_division_of |Cote d'Ivoire| |adm_div_Cote d'Ivoire_departments| "Odienne") (wfb::administrative_division_of |Cote d'Ivoire| |adm_div_Cote d'Ivoire_departments| "Oume") (wfb::administrative_division_of |Cote d'Ivoire| |adm_div_Cote d'Ivoire_departments| "Sakassou") (wfb::administrative_division_of |Cote d'Ivoire| |adm_div_Cote d'Ivoire_departments| "San-Pedro") (wfb::administrative_division_of |Cote d'Ivoire| |adm_div_Cote d'Ivoire_departments| "Sassandra") (wfb::administrative_division_of |Cote d'Ivoire| |adm_div_Cote d'Ivoire_departments| "Seguela") (wfb::administrative_division_of |Cote d'Ivoire| |adm_div_Cote d'Ivoire_departments| "Sinfra") (wfb::administrative_division_of |Cote d'Ivoire| |adm_div_Cote d'Ivoire_departments| "Soubre") (wfb::administrative_division_of |Cote d'Ivoire| |adm_div_Cote d'Ivoire_departments| "Tabou") (wfb::administrative_division_of |Cote d'Ivoire| |adm_div_Cote d'Ivoire_departments| "Tanda") (wfb::administrative_division_of |Cote d'Ivoire| |adm_div_Cote d'Ivoire_departments| "Tingrela") (wfb::administrative_division_of |Cote d'Ivoire| |adm_div_Cote d'Ivoire_departments| "Tiassale") (wfb::administrative_division_of |Cote d'Ivoire| |adm_div_Cote d'Ivoire_departments| "Touba") (wfb::administrative_division_of |Cote d'Ivoire| |adm_div_Cote d'Ivoire_departments| "Toumodi") (wfb::administrative_division_of |Cote d'Ivoire| |adm_div_Cote d'Ivoire_departments| "Vavoua") (wfb::administrative_division_of |Cote d'Ivoire| |adm_div_Cote d'Ivoire_departments| "Yamoussoukro") (wfb::administrative_division_of |Cote d'Ivoire| |adm_div_Cote d'Ivoire_departments| "Zuenoula") (wfb::independence |Cote d'Ivoire| date_7_aug_1960 "France") (wfb::national_holiday |Cote d'Ivoire| "National Day" date_7_dec) (wfb::constitution |Cote d'Ivoire| "3 November 1960; has been amended numerous times, last time November 1990") (wfb::legal_system |Cote d'Ivoire| "based on French civil law system and customary law; judicial review in the Constitutional Chamber of the Supreme Court; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction") (wfb::suffrage |Cote d'Ivoire| (* 21 years_of_age)) (wfb::executive_branch |Cote d'Ivoire| head_of_government "Prime Minister Daniel Kablan DUNCAN " date_10_dec_1993) (wfb::executive_branch |Cote d'Ivoire| cabinet "Council of Ministers") (wfb::legislative_structure |Cote d'Ivoire| unicameral n/a) (wfb::legislative_branch |Cote d'Ivoire| "National Assembly (Assemblee Nationale)" "elections last held 25 November 1990 (next to be held November 1995); results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (175 total) PDCI 163, FPI 9, PIT 1, independents 2") (wfb::judicial_branch |Cote d'Ivoire| "Supreme Court (Cour Supreme)") (wfb::political_parties_and_leaders |Cote d'Ivoire| "Democratic Party of the Cote d'Ivoire (PDCI), Henri Konan BEDIE; Rally of the Republicans (RDR), Djeny KOBINA; Ivorian Popular Front (FPI), Laurent GBAGBO; Ivorian Worker's Party (PIT), Francis WODIE; Ivorian Socialist Party (PSI), Morifere BAMBA; over 20 smaller parties") (wfb::member_of |Cote d'Ivoire| acct) (wfb::member_of |Cote d'Ivoire| acp) (wfb::member_of |Cote d'Ivoire| afdb) (wfb::member_of |Cote d'Ivoire| ccc) (wfb::member_of |Cote d'Ivoire| ceao) (wfb::member_of |Cote d'Ivoire| eca) (wfb::member_of |Cote d'Ivoire| ecowas) (wfb::member_of |Cote d'Ivoire| entente) (wfb::member_of |Cote d'Ivoire| fao) (wfb::member_of |Cote d'Ivoire| fz) (wfb::member_of |Cote d'Ivoire| g-24) (wfb::member_of |Cote d'Ivoire| g-77) (wfb::member_of |Cote d'Ivoire| gatt) (wfb::member_of |Cote d'Ivoire| iaea) (wfb::member_of |Cote d'Ivoire| ibrd) (wfb::member_of |Cote d'Ivoire| icao) (wfb::member_of |Cote d'Ivoire| icc) (wfb::member_of |Cote d'Ivoire| icrm) (wfb::member_of |Cote d'Ivoire| ida) (wfb::member_of |Cote d'Ivoire| ifad) (wfb::member_of |Cote d'Ivoire| ifc) (wfb::member_of |Cote d'Ivoire| ifrcs) (wfb::member_of |Cote d'Ivoire| ilo) (wfb::member_of |Cote d'Ivoire| imf) (wfb::member_of |Cote d'Ivoire| imo) (wfb::member_of |Cote d'Ivoire| intelsat) (wfb::member_of |Cote d'Ivoire| interpol) (wfb::member_of |Cote d'Ivoire| ioc) (wfb::member_of |Cote d'Ivoire| itu) (wfb::member_of |Cote d'Ivoire| nam) (wfb::member_of |Cote d'Ivoire| oau) (wfb::member_of |Cote d'Ivoire| un) (wfb::member_of |Cote d'Ivoire| unctad) (wfb::member_of |Cote d'Ivoire| unesco) (wfb::member_of |Cote d'Ivoire| unido) (wfb::member_of |Cote d'Ivoire| unitar) (wfb::member_of |Cote d'Ivoire| upu) (wfb::member_of |Cote d'Ivoire| wadb) (wfb::member_of |Cote d'Ivoire| wcl) (wfb::member_of |Cote d'Ivoire| wftu) (wfb::member_of |Cote d'Ivoire| who) (wfb::member_of |Cote d'Ivoire| wipo) (wfb::member_of |Cote d'Ivoire| wmo) (wfb::member_of |Cote d'Ivoire| wto) (wfb::diplomatic_representation_in_us |Cote d'Ivoire| chief_of_mission "Ambassador Moise KOUMOUE-KOFFI") (wfb::diplomatic_representation_in_us |Cote d'Ivoire| chancery "2424 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008") (wfb::diplomatic_representation_in_us |Cote d'Ivoire| telephone "[1] (202) 797-0300") (wfb::us_diplomatic_representation |Cote d'Ivoire| chief_of_mission "Ambassador Hume A. HORAN") (wfb::us_diplomatic_representation |Cote d'Ivoire| embassy "5 Rue Jesse Owens, Abidjan") (wfb::us_diplomatic_representation |Cote d'Ivoire| mailing_address "01 B. P. 1712, Abidjan") (wfb::us_diplomatic_representation |Cote d'Ivoire| telephone "[225] 21 09 79, 21 46 72") (wfb::us_diplomatic_representation |Cote d'Ivoire| fax "[225] 22 32 59") (wfb::flag |Cote d'Ivoire| "three equal vertical bands of orange (hoist side), white, and green; similar to the flag of Ireland, which is longer and has the colors reversed - green (hoist side), white, and orange; also similar to the flag of Italy, which is green (hoist side), white, and red; design was based on the flag of France") (wfb::overview |Cote d'Ivoire| "Cote d'Ivoire is among the world's largest producers and exporters of coffee, cocoa beans, and palm-kernel oil. Consequently, the economy is highly sensitive to fluctuations in international prices for coffee and cocoa and to weather conditions. Despite attempts by the government to diversify, the economy is still largely dependent on agriculture and related industries. After several years of lagging performance, the Ivorian economy began a comeback in 1994, due to improved prices for cocoa and coffee, growth in non-traditional primary exports such as pineapples and rubber, trade and banking liberalization, offshore oil and gas discoveries, and generous external financing and debt rescheduling by multilateral lenders and France. The 50% devaluation in January 1994 caused a one time jump in the inflation rate. Government adherence to a renewed structural adjustment program has led to a budget surplus for the first time in several years, a smaller personnel budget, and an increase in public investment. While real growth in 1994 was only 1.5%, the IMF and World Bank expect it will surpass 6% in 1995.") (wfb::national_product |Cote d'Ivoire| (* 2.05e+10 $)) (wfb::national_product_real_growth_rate |Cote d'Ivoire| (* 1.5 %)) (wfb::national_product_per_capita |Cote d'Ivoire| (* 1430 $)) (wfb::|Inflation rate (consumer prices)| |Cote d'Ivoire| "NA%") (wfb::unemployment_rate |Cote d'Ivoire| (* 14 %)) (wfb::budget |Cote d'Ivoire| revenues (* 1.9e+9 $)) (wfb::budget |Cote d'Ivoire| expenditures (* 3.4e+9 $)) (wfb::budget |Cote d'Ivoire| capital_expenditures (* 4.08e+8 $)) (wfb::exports |Cote d'Ivoire| (* 2.7e+9 $)) (wfb::exports |Cote d'Ivoire| commodities cocoa (* 30 %)) (wfb::exports |Cote d'Ivoire| commodities coffee (* 20 %)) (wfb::exports |Cote d'Ivoire| commodities tropical_woods (* 11 %)) (wfb::exports |Cote d'Ivoire| commodities petroleum-commodity n/a) (wfb::exports |Cote d'Ivoire| commodities cotton n/a) (wfb::exports |Cote d'Ivoire| commodities bananas n/a) (wfb::exports |Cote d'Ivoire| commodities pineapples n/a) (wfb::exports |Cote d'Ivoire| commodities palm_oil-commodity n/a) (wfb::exports |Cote d'Ivoire| commodities cotton n/a) (wfb::exports |Cote d'Ivoire| partners france n/a) (wfb::exports |Cote d'Ivoire| partners netherlands n/a) (wfb::exports |Cote d'Ivoire| partners germany n/a) (wfb::exports |Cote d'Ivoire| partners italy n/a) (wfb::exports |Cote d'Ivoire| partners burkina n/a) (wfb::exports |Cote d'Ivoire| partners us n/a) (wfb::exports |Cote d'Ivoire| partners belgium n/a) (wfb::exports |Cote d'Ivoire| partners uk n/a) (wfb::imports |Cote d'Ivoire| (* 1.6e+9 $)) (wfb::imports |Cote d'Ivoire| commodities food n/a) (wfb::imports |Cote d'Ivoire| commodities capital_goods n/a) (wfb::imports |Cote d'Ivoire| commodities consumer_goods n/a) (wfb::imports |Cote d'Ivoire| commodities fuel n/a) (wfb::imports |Cote d'Ivoire| partners france n/a) (wfb::imports |Cote d'Ivoire| partners nigeria n/a) (wfb::imports |Cote d'Ivoire| partners japan n/a) (wfb::imports |Cote d'Ivoire| partners netherlands n/a) (wfb::imports |Cote d'Ivoire| partners us n/a) (wfb::external_debt |Cote d'Ivoire| (* 1.73e+10 $)) (wfb::industrial_production |Cote d'Ivoire| growth_rate (* 0 %)) (wfb::industrial_production |Cote d'Ivoire| accounts_for (* 20 %_of_gdp)) (wfb::electricity |Cote d'Ivoire| capacity (* 1170000 kw)) (wfb::electricity |Cote d'Ivoire| production (* 1.8e+9 kwh)) (wfb::electricity |Cote d'Ivoire| consumption_per_capita (* 123 kwh)) (wfb::industry |Cote d'Ivoire| foodstuffs-industry) (wfb::industry |Cote d'Ivoire| wood_processing) (wfb::industry |Cote d'Ivoire| oil_refining) (wfb::industry |Cote d'Ivoire| automobile_assembly) (wfb::industry |Cote d'Ivoire| textiles) (wfb::industry |Cote d'Ivoire| fertilizer) (wfb::industry |Cote d'Ivoire| beverages-industry) (wfb::agriculture |Cote d'Ivoire| "most important sector, contributing one-third to GDP and 80% to exports; cash crops include coffee, cocoa beans, timber, bananas, palm kernels, rubber; food crops - corn, rice, manioc, sweet potatoes; not self-sufficient in bread grain and dairy products") (wfb::illicit_drugs |Cote d'Ivoire| "illicit producer of cannabis; mostly for local consumption; some international drug trade; transshipment point for Southwest and Southeast Asian heroin to Europe and occasionally to the US") (wfb::economic_aid |Cote d'Ivoire| recipient "US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-89), $356 million; Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-88), $5.2 billion") (wfb::currency |Cote d'Ivoire| cfa_franc 100 centimes) (wfb::exchange_rates |Cote d'Ivoire| "Communaute Financiere Africaine francs (CFAF) per US$1 - 529.43 (January 1995), 555.20 (1994), 283.16 (1993), 264.69 (1992), 282.11 (1991), 272.26 (1990)") (wfb::fiscal_year |Cote d'Ivoire| date_1_jan date_31_dec) (wfb::railroads |Cote d'Ivoire| total "660 km (25 km double track)") (wfb::railroads |Cote d'Ivoire| narrow_gauge "660 km 1.000-meter gauge") (wfb::highways |Cote d'Ivoire| total (* 46600 km)) (wfb::highways |Cote d'Ivoire| paved (* 3600 km)) (wfb::highways |Cote d'Ivoire| (union gravel crushed_stone improved_earth) (* 32000 km)) (wfb::highways |Cote d'Ivoire| unimproved_earth (* 11000 km)) (wfb::inland_waterways |Cote d'Ivoire| "980 km navigable rivers, canals, and numerous coastal lagoons") (wfb::port |Cote d'Ivoire| |Abidjan-Cote d'Ivoire|) (wfb::port |Cote d'Ivoire| |Aboisso-Cote d'Ivoire|) (wfb::port |Cote d'Ivoire| |Dabou-Cote d'Ivoire|) (wfb::port |Cote d'Ivoire| |San-Pedro-Cote d'Ivoire|) (wfb::merchant_marine |Cote d'Ivoire| total "5 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 49,671 GRT/69,216 DWT") (wfb::merchant_marine |Cote d'Ivoire| ships_by_type "chemical tanker 1, container 2, oil tanker 1, roll-on/roll-off cargo 1") (wfb::airports |Cote d'Ivoire| total 40) (wfb::airports |Cote d'Ivoire| |with paved runways over 3,047 m| 1) (wfb::airports |Cote d'Ivoire| |with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m| 2) (wfb::airports |Cote d'Ivoire| |with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m| 4) (wfb::airports |Cote d'Ivoire| with_paved_runways_under_914_m 11) (wfb::airports |Cote d'Ivoire| |with unpaved runways 1,524 to 2,438 m| 6) (wfb::airports |Cote d'Ivoire| |with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m| 16) (wfb::telephone_system |Cote d'Ivoire| "87,700 telephones; well-developed by African standards but operating well below capacity; consists of open-wire lines and radio relay microwave links") (wfb::telephone_system |Cote d'Ivoire| local "NA") (wfb::telephone_system |Cote d'Ivoire| intercity "NA microwave radio relay") (wfb::telephone_system |Cote d'Ivoire| international "2 INTELSAT (1 Atlantic Ocean and 1 Indian Ocean) earth stations; 2 coaxial submarine cables") (wfb::radio |Cote d'Ivoire| broadcast_stations am 71) (wfb::radio |Cote d'Ivoire| broadcast_stations fm 0) (wfb::radio |Cote d'Ivoire| broadcast_stations shortwave 13) (wfb::radio |Cote d'Ivoire| radios n/a) (wfb::television |Cote d'Ivoire| broadcast_stations 18) (wfb::television |Cote d'Ivoire| televisions n/a) (wfb::defense_branch |Cote d'Ivoire| |Army_Cote d'Ivoire|) (wfb::defense_branch |Cote d'Ivoire| |Navy_Cote d'Ivoire|) (wfb::defense_branch |Cote d'Ivoire| |Air Force_Cote d'Ivoire|) (wfb::defense_branch |Cote d'Ivoire| |paramilitary Gendarmerie_Cote d'Ivoire|) (wfb::defense_branch |Cote d'Ivoire| |Presidential Guard_Cote d'Ivoire|) (wfb::defense_branch |Cote d'Ivoire| |Military Fire Group_Cote d'Ivoire|) (wfb::manpower_availability |Cote d'Ivoire| "males age 15-49 3,318,314; males fit for military service 1,724,020; males reach military age (18) annually 154,120 (1995 est.)") (wfb::defense_expenditures |Cote d'Ivoire| (* 1.4e+8 $)) (wfb::defense_expenditures |Cote d'Ivoire| (* 1.4 %_of_gdp)))) (djibouti ((wfb::location djibouti "Eastern Africa, bordering the Gulf of Aden and the Red Sea, between Eritrea and Somalia") (wfb::map_references djibouti "Africa") (wfb::area djibouti total_area (* 22000 sq_km)) (wfb::area djibouti land_area (* 21980 sq_km)) (wfb::area djibouti comparative_area "slightly larger than Massachusetts") (wfb::borders djibouti total (* 508 km)) (wfb::borders djibouti eritrea (* 113 km)) (wfb::borders djibouti ethiopia (* 337 km)) (wfb::borders djibouti somalia (* 58 km)) (wfb::coastline djibouti (* 314 km)) (wfb::maritime_claims djibouti contiguous_zone (* 24 nm)) (wfb::maritime_claims djibouti exclusive_economic_zone (* 200 nm)) (wfb::maritime_claims djibouti territorial_sea (* 12 nm)) (wfb::international_disputes djibouti "none") (wfb::climate djibouti "desert") (wfb::climate djibouti "torrid, dry") (wfb::terrain djibouti "coastal plain and plateau separated by central mountains") (wfb::natural-resource djibouti geothermal_areas) (wfb::land_use djibouti arable_land (* 0 %)) (wfb::land_use djibouti permanent_crops (* 0 %)) (wfb::land_use djibouti meadows_and_pastures (* 9 %)) (wfb::land_use djibouti forest_and_woodland (* 0 %)) (wfb::land_use djibouti other (* 91 %)) (wfb::irrigated_land djibouti (* n/a sq_km)) (wfb::environment djibouti current_issues "inadequate supplies of potable water") (wfb::environment djibouti current_issues "desertification") (wfb::environment djibouti natural_hazards "earthquakes") (wfb::environment djibouti natural_hazards "droughts") (wfb::environment djibouti natural_hazards "occasional cyclonic disturbances from the Indian Ocean bring heavy rains and flash floods") (wfb::environment djibouti international_agreements "party to - Biodiversity, Endangered Species, Law of the Sea, Ship Pollution") (wfb::environment djibouti international_agreements "signed, but not ratified - Climate Change, Desertification") (wfb::note djibouti "strategic location near world's busiest shipping lanes and close to Arabian oilfields; terminus of rail traffic into Ethiopia; a vast wasteland") (wfb::population djibouti 421320) (wfb::age_structure djibouti 0-14_years (* 43 %)) (wfb::age_structure_by_sex djibouti 0-14_years female 90070) (wfb::age_structure_by_sex djibouti 0-14_years male 90631) (wfb::age_structure djibouti 15-64_years (* 55 %)) (wfb::age_structure_by_sex djibouti 15-64_years female 108824) (wfb::age_structure_by_sex djibouti 15-64_years male 121715) (wfb::age_structure djibouti 65_years_and_over (* 2 %)) (wfb::age_structure_by_sex djibouti 65_years_and_over female 4900) (wfb::age_structure_by_sex djibouti 65_years_and_over male 5180) (wfb::population_growth_rate djibouti (* 1.48 %)) (wfb::birth_rate djibouti (* 42.79 |births/1,000 population|)) (wfb::death_rate djibouti (* 15.51 |deaths/1,000 population|)) (wfb::net_migration_rate djibouti (* -12.46 |migrant(s)/1,000 population|)) (wfb::infant_mortality_rate djibouti (* 108.8 |deaths/1,000 live births|)) (wfb::life_expectancy_at_birth djibouti total_population (* 49.7 years)) (wfb::life_expectancy_at_birth djibouti male (* 47.83 years)) (wfb::life_expectancy_at_birth djibouti female (* 51.62 years)) (wfb::total_fertility_rate djibouti (* 6.15 children_born/woman)) (wfb::nationality djibouti noun "Djiboutian(s)") (wfb::nationality djibouti adjective "Djiboutian") (wfb::ethnic-entity djibouti somali (* 60 %)) (wfb::ethnic-entity djibouti afar (* 35 %)) (wfb::ethnic-entity djibouti union6 (* 5 %)) (wfb::religion djibouti muslim (* 94 %)) (wfb::religion djibouti christian (* 6 %)) (wfb::language djibouti french n/a) (wfb::language djibouti arabic n/a) (wfb::language djibouti somali-language-group n/a) (wfb::language djibouti afar-language-group n/a) (wfb::literacy-condition djibouti "age 15 and over can read and write") (wfb::literacy djibouti total_population (* 48 %)) (wfb::literacy djibouti male (* 63 %)) (wfb::literacy djibouti female (* 34 %)) (wfb::names djibouti conventional_long_form "Republic of Djibouti") (wfb::names djibouti conventional_short_form "Djibouti") (wfb::names djibouti former "French Territory of the Afars and Issas French Somaliland") (wfb::digraph djibouti "DJ") (type djibouti "republic") (wfb::capital djibouti djibouti-djibouti) (wfb::administrative_divisions djibouti adm_div_djibouti_districts 5) (wfb::administrative_division_of djibouti adm_div_djibouti_districts "'Ali Sabih") (wfb::administrative_division_of djibouti adm_div_djibouti_districts "Dikhil") (wfb::administrative_division_of djibouti adm_div_djibouti_districts "Djibouti") (wfb::administrative_division_of djibouti adm_div_djibouti_districts "Obock") (wfb::administrative_division_of djibouti adm_div_djibouti_districts "Tadjoura") (wfb::independence djibouti date_27_jun_1977 "France") (wfb::national_holiday djibouti "Independence Day" date_27_jun) (wfb::constitution djibouti "multiparty constitution approved in referendum 4 September 1992") (wfb::legal_system djibouti "based on French civil law system, traditional practices, and Islamic law") (wfb::executive_branch djibouti chief_of_state "President HASSAN GOULED Aptidon " date_24_jun_1977) (wfb::executive_branch djibouti head_of_government "Prime Minister BARKAT Gourad Hamadou " date_30_sep_1978) (wfb::executive_branch djibouti cabinet "Council of Ministers") (wfb::legislative_structure djibouti unicameral n/a) (wfb::legislative_branch djibouti "Chamber of Deputies (Chambre des Deputes)" "elections last held 18 December 1992; results - RPP (the ruling party) dominated; seats - (65 total) RPP 65") (wfb::judicial_branch djibouti "Supreme Court (Cour Supreme)") (wfb::political_parties_and_leaders djibouti ruling_party "People's Progress Assembly (RPP), Hassan GOULED Aptidon") (wfb::political_parties_and_leaders djibouti other_parties "Democratic Renewal Party (PRD), Mohamed Jama ELABE; Democratic National Party (PND), ADEN Robleh Awaleh") (wfb::other_political_or_pressure_groups djibouti "Front for the Restoration of Unity and Democracy (FRUD) and affiliates; Movement for Unity and Democracy (MUD)") (wfb::member_of djibouti acct) (wfb::member_of djibouti acp) (wfb::member_of djibouti afdb) (wfb::member_of djibouti afesd) (wfb::member_of djibouti al) (wfb::member_of djibouti eca) (wfb::member_of djibouti fao) (wfb::member_of djibouti g-77) (wfb::member_of djibouti ibrd) (wfb::member_of djibouti icao) (wfb::member_of djibouti icrm) (wfb::member_of djibouti ida) (wfb::member_of djibouti idb) (wfb::member_of djibouti ifad) (wfb::member_of djibouti ifc) (wfb::member_of djibouti ifrcs) (wfb::member_of djibouti igadd) (wfb::member_of djibouti ilo) (wfb::member_of djibouti imf) (wfb::member_of djibouti imo) (wfb::member_of djibouti intelsat) (wfb::member_of djibouti interpol) (wfb::member_of djibouti ioc) (wfb::member_of djibouti itu) (wfb::member_of djibouti nam) (wfb::member_of djibouti oau) (wfb::member_of djibouti oic) (wfb::member_of djibouti un) (wfb::member_of djibouti unctad) (wfb::member_of djibouti unesco) (wfb::member_of djibouti unido) (wfb::member_of djibouti upu) (wfb::member_of djibouti wftu) (wfb::member_of djibouti who) (wfb::member_of djibouti wmo) (wfb::diplomatic_representation_in_us djibouti chief_of_mission "Ambassador Roble OLHAYE") (wfb::diplomatic_representation_in_us djibouti chancery "Suite 515, 1156 15th Street NW, Washington, DC 20005") (wfb::diplomatic_representation_in_us djibouti telephone "[1] (202) 331-0270") (wfb::diplomatic_representation_in_us djibouti fax "[1] (202) 331-0302") (wfb::us_diplomatic_representation djibouti chief_of_mission "Ambassador Martin L. CHESHES") (wfb::us_diplomatic_representation djibouti embassy "Plateau du Serpent, Boulevard Marechal Joffre, Djibouti") (wfb::us_diplomatic_representation djibouti mailing_address "B. P. 185, Djibouti") (wfb::us_diplomatic_representation djibouti telephone "[253] 35 39 95") (wfb::us_diplomatic_representation djibouti fax "[253] 35 39 40") (wfb::flag djibouti "two equal horizontal bands of light blue (top) and light green with a white isosceles triangle based on the hoist side bearing a red five-pointed star in the center") (wfb::overview djibouti "The economy is based on service activities connected with the country's strategic location and status as a free trade zone in northeast Africa. Two-thirds of the inhabitants live in the capital city, the remainder being mostly nomadic herders. Scanty rainfall limits crop production to fruits and vegetables, and most food must be imported. Djibouti provides services as both a transit port for the region and an international transshipment and refueling center. It has few natural resources and little industry. The nation is, therefore, heavily dependent on foreign assistance (an important supplement to GDP) to help support its balance of payments and to finance development projects. An unemployment rate of over 30% continues to be a major problem. Per capita consumption dropped an estimated 35% over the last six years because of recession, civil war, and a high population growth rate (including immigrants and refugees).") (wfb::national_product djibouti (* 5.0e+8 $)) (wfb::national_product_real_growth_rate djibouti (* -3 %)) (wfb::national_product_per_capita djibouti (* 1200 $)) (wfb::|Inflation rate (consumer prices)| djibouti "6% (1993 est.)") (wfb::budget djibouti revenues (* 1.64e+8 $)) (wfb::budget djibouti expenditures (* 2.01e+8 $)) (wfb::budget djibouti capital_expenditures (* 1.6e+7 $)) (wfb::exports djibouti (* 1.84e+8 $)) (wfb::exports djibouti commodities hides_and_skins n/a) (wfb::exports djibouti commodities coffee n/a) (wfb::exports djibouti partners somalia (* 48 %)) (wfb::exports djibouti partners yemen (* 42 %)) (wfb::imports djibouti (* 3.84e+8 $)) (wfb::imports djibouti commodities foods-commodity n/a) (wfb::imports djibouti commodities beverages n/a) (wfb::imports djibouti commodities transport_equipment n/a) (wfb::imports djibouti commodities chemicals-commodity n/a) (wfb::imports djibouti commodities petroleum_products-commodity n/a) (wfb::imports djibouti partners france n/a) (wfb::imports djibouti partners uk n/a) (wfb::imports djibouti partners saudi_arabia n/a) (wfb::imports djibouti partners bahrain n/a) (wfb::imports djibouti partners south_korea n/a) (wfb::external_debt djibouti (* 2.27e+8 $)) (wfb::industrial_production djibouti growth_rate (* 3 %)) (wfb::industrial_production djibouti accounts_for (* 14 %_of_gdp)) (wfb::electricity djibouti capacity (* 90000 kw)) (wfb::electricity djibouti production (* 1.7e+8 kwh)) (wfb::electricity djibouti consumption_per_capita (* 398 kwh)) (wfb::industry djibouti limited_to_a_few_small-scale_enterprises) (wfb::industry djibouti such_as_dairy_products_and_mineral-water_bottling) (wfb::agriculture djibouti "mostly fruit and vegetables; herding of goats, sheep, and camels") (wfb::economic_aid djibouti recipient "US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY78-89), $39 million; Western (non-US) countries, including ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-89), $1.1 billion; OPEC bilateral aid (1979-89), $149 million; Communist countries (1970-89), $35 million") (wfb::currency djibouti djiboutian_franc 100 centimes) (wfb::exchange_rates djibouti "Djiboutian francs (DF) per US$1 - 177.721 (fixed rate since 1973)") (wfb::fiscal_year djibouti date_1_jan date_31_dec) (wfb::railroads djibouti total "97 km (Djibouti segment of the Addis Ababa-Djibouti railroad)") (wfb::railroads djibouti narrow_gauge "97 km 1.000-m gauge") (wfb::highways djibouti total (* 2900 km)) (wfb::highways djibouti paved (* 280 km)) (wfb::highways djibouti (union improved unimproved_earth) (* 2620 km)) (wfb::port djibouti djibouti-djibouti) (wfb::merchant_marine djibouti total "1 cargo ship (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 1,369 GRT/3,030 DWT") (wfb::airports djibouti total 13) (wfb::airports djibouti |with paved runways over 3,047 m| 1) (wfb::airports djibouti |with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m| 1) (wfb::airports djibouti with_paved_runways_under_914_m 3) (wfb::airports djibouti |with unpaved runways 1,524 to 2,438 m| 2) (wfb::airports djibouti |with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m| 6) (wfb::telephone_system djibouti "NA telephones; telephone facilities in the city of Djibouti are adequate as are the microwave radio relay connections to outlying areas of the country") (wfb::telephone_system djibouti local "NA") (wfb::telephone_system djibouti intercity "microwave radio relay network") (wfb::telephone_system djibouti international "international connections via submarine cable to Saudi Arabia and by satellite link to other countries; 1 INTELSAT (Indian Ocean) and 1 ARABSAT earth station") (wfb::radio djibouti broadcast_stations am 2) (wfb::radio djibouti broadcast_stations fm 2) (wfb::radio djibouti broadcast_stations shortwave 0) (wfb::radio djibouti radios n/a) (wfb::television djibouti broadcast_stations 1) (wfb::television djibouti televisions n/a) (wfb::defense_branch djibouti djibouti_national_army_djibouti) (wfb::defense_branch djibouti national_security_force_djibouti) (wfb::defense_branch djibouti national_police_force_djibouti) (wfb::manpower_availability djibouti "males age 15-49 101,385; males fit for military service 59,337 (1995 est.)") (wfb::defense_expenditures djibouti (* 2.6e+7 $)) (wfb::defense_expenditures djibouti (* n/a %_of_gdp)))) (egypt ((wfb::location egypt "Northern Africa, bordering the Mediterranean Sea, between Libya and the Gaza Strip") (wfb::map_references egypt "Africa") (wfb::area egypt total_area (* 1001450 sq_km)) (wfb::area egypt land_area (* 995450 sq_km)) (wfb::area egypt comparative_area "slightly more than three times the size of New Mexico") (wfb::borders egypt total (* 2689 km)) (wfb::borders egypt gaza_strip (* 11 km)) (wfb::borders egypt israel (* 255 km)) (wfb::borders egypt libya (* 1150 km)) (wfb::borders egypt sudan (* 1273 km)) (wfb::coastline egypt (* 2450 km)) (wfb::maritime_claims egypt contiguous_zone (* 24 nm)) (wfb::maritime_claims egypt exclusive_economic_zone (* 200 nm)) (wfb::maritime_claims egypt territorial_sea (* 12 nm)) (wfb::international_disputes egypt "administrative boundary with Sudan does not coincide with international boundary creating the \"Hala'ib Triangle,\" a barren area of 20,580 sq km, tensions over this disputed area began to escalate in 1992 and remain high") (wfb::climate egypt "desert") (wfb::climate egypt "hot, dry summers with moderate winters") (wfb::terrain egypt "vast desert plateau interrupted by Nile valley and delta") (wfb::natural-resource egypt petroleum) (wfb::natural-resource egypt natural_gas) (wfb::natural-resource egypt iron_ore) (wfb::natural-resource egypt phosphates) (wfb::natural-resource egypt manganese) (wfb::natural-resource egypt limestone) (wfb::natural-resource egypt gypsum) (wfb::natural-resource egypt talc) (wfb::natural-resource egypt asbestos) (wfb::natural-resource egypt lead) (wfb::natural-resource egypt zinc) (wfb::land_use egypt arable_land (* 3 %)) (wfb::land_use egypt permanent_crops (* 2 %)) (wfb::land_use egypt meadows_and_pastures (* 0 %)) (wfb::land_use egypt forest_and_woodland (* 0 %)) (wfb::land_use egypt other (* 95 %)) (wfb::irrigated_land egypt (* 25850 sq_km)) (wfb::environment egypt current_issues "agricultural land being lost to urbanization and windblown sands") (wfb::environment egypt current_issues "increasing soil salinization below Aswan High Dam") (wfb::environment egypt current_issues "desertification") (wfb::environment egypt current_issues "oil pollution threatening coral reefs, beaches, and marine habitats") (wfb::environment egypt current_issues "other water pollution from agricultural pesticides, raw sewage, and industrial effluents") (wfb::environment egypt current_issues "very limited natural fresh water resources away from the Nile which is the only perennial water source") (wfb::environment egypt current_issues "rapid growth in population overstraining natural resources") (wfb::environment egypt natural_hazards "periodic droughts") (wfb::environment egypt natural_hazards "frequent earthquakes, flash floods, landslides, volcanic activity") (wfb::environment egypt natural_hazards "hot, driving windstorm called khamsin occurs in spring") (wfb::environment egypt natural_hazards "duststorms, sandstorms") (wfb::environment egypt international_agreements "party to - Biodiversity, Climate Change, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Wetlands") (wfb::environment egypt international_agreements "signed, but not ratified - Desertification, Tropical Timber 94") (wfb::note egypt "controls Sinai Peninsula, only land bridge between Africa and remainder of Eastern Hemisphere; controls Suez Canal, shortest sea link between Indian Ocean and Mediterranean Sea; size, and juxtaposition to Israel, establish its major role in Middle Eastern geopolitics") (wfb::population egypt 62359623) (wfb::age_structure egypt 0-14_years (* 37 %)) (wfb::age_structure_by_sex egypt 0-14_years female 11380668) (wfb::age_structure_by_sex egypt 0-14_years male 11872728) (wfb::age_structure egypt 15-64_years (* 59 %)) (wfb::age_structure_by_sex egypt 15-64_years female 18250706) (wfb::age_structure_by_sex egypt 15-64_years male 18641830) (wfb::age_structure egypt 65_years_and_over (* 4 %)) (wfb::age_structure_by_sex egypt 65_years_and_over female 1204477) (wfb::age_structure_by_sex egypt 65_years_and_over male 1009214) (wfb::population_growth_rate egypt (* 1.95 %)) (wfb::birth_rate egypt (* 28.69 |births/1,000 population|)) (wfb::death_rate egypt (* 8.86 |deaths/1,000 population|)) (wfb::net_migration_rate egypt (* -0.35 |migrant(s)/1,000 population|)) (wfb::infant_mortality_rate egypt (* 74.5 |deaths/1,000 live births|)) (wfb::life_expectancy_at_birth egypt total_population (* 61.12 years)) (wfb::life_expectancy_at_birth egypt male (* 59.22 years)) (wfb::life_expectancy_at_birth egypt female (* 63.12 years)) (wfb::total_fertility_rate egypt (* 3.67 children_born/woman)) (wfb::nationality egypt noun "Egyptian(s)") (wfb::nationality egypt adjective "Egyptian") (wfb::religion egypt |Muslim (mostly Sunni)| (* 94 %)) (wfb::religion egypt coptic_christian_and_other (* 6 %)) (wfb::language egypt arabic n/a) (wfb::literacy-condition egypt "age 15 and over can read and write") (wfb::literacy egypt total_population (* 48 %)) (wfb::literacy egypt male (* 63 %)) (wfb::literacy egypt female (* 34 %)) (wfb::total_labor_force egypt 1.6e+7) (wfb::labor_force_by_occupation egypt government n/a) (wfb::labor_force_by_occupation egypt public_sector_enterprises n/a) (wfb::labor_force_by_occupation egypt armed_forces (* 36 %)) (wfb::labor_force_by_occupation egypt agriculture (* 34 %)) (wfb::names egypt conventional_long_form "Arab Republic of Egypt") (wfb::names egypt conventional_short_form "Egypt") (wfb::names egypt local_long_form "Jumhuriyat Misr al-Arabiyah") (wfb::names egypt former "United Arab Republic (with Syria)") (wfb::digraph egypt "EG") (type egypt "republic") (wfb::capital egypt cairo-egypt) (wfb::administrative_divisions egypt adm_div_egypt_governorates 26) (wfb::administrative_division_of egypt adm_div_egypt_governorates "Ad Daqahliyah") (wfb::administrative_division_of egypt adm_div_egypt_governorates "Al Bahr al Ahmar") (wfb::administrative_division_of egypt adm_div_egypt_governorates "Al Buhayrah") (wfb::administrative_division_of egypt adm_div_egypt_governorates "Al Fayyum") (wfb::administrative_division_of egypt adm_div_egypt_governorates "Al Gharbiyah") (wfb::administrative_division_of egypt adm_div_egypt_governorates "Al Iskandariyah") (wfb::administrative_division_of egypt adm_div_egypt_governorates "Al Isma'iliyah") (wfb::administrative_division_of egypt adm_div_egypt_governorates "Al Jizah") (wfb::administrative_division_of egypt adm_div_egypt_governorates "Al Minufiyah") (wfb::administrative_division_of egypt adm_div_egypt_governorates "Al Minya") (wfb::administrative_division_of egypt adm_div_egypt_governorates "Al Qahirah") (wfb::administrative_division_of egypt adm_div_egypt_governorates "Al Qalyubiyah") (wfb::administrative_division_of egypt adm_div_egypt_governorates "Al Wadi al Jadid") (wfb::administrative_division_of egypt adm_div_egypt_governorates "Ash Sharqiyah") (wfb::administrative_division_of egypt adm_div_egypt_governorates "As Suways") (wfb::administrative_division_of egypt adm_div_egypt_governorates "Aswan") (wfb::administrative_division_of egypt adm_div_egypt_governorates "Asyu't") (wfb::administrative_division_of egypt adm_div_egypt_governorates "Bani Suwayf") (wfb::administrative_division_of egypt adm_div_egypt_governorates "Bur Sa'id") (wfb::administrative_division_of egypt adm_div_egypt_governorates "Dumyat") (wfb::administrative_division_of egypt adm_div_egypt_governorates "Janub Sina") (wfb::administrative_division_of egypt adm_div_egypt_governorates "Kafr ash Shaykh") (wfb::administrative_division_of egypt adm_div_egypt_governorates "Matruh") (wfb::administrative_division_of egypt adm_div_egypt_governorates "Qina") (wfb::administrative_division_of egypt adm_div_egypt_governorates "Shamal Sina") (wfb::administrative_division_of egypt adm_div_egypt_governorates "Suhaj") (wfb::independence egypt date_28_feb_1922 "UK") (wfb::national_holiday egypt "Anniversary of the Revolution" date_23_jul) (wfb::constitution egypt "11 September 1971") (wfb::legal_system egypt "based on English common law, Islamic law, and Napoleonic codes; judicial review by Supreme Court and Council of State (oversees validity of administrative decisions); accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations") (wfb::suffrage egypt (* 18 years_of_age)) (wfb::executive_branch egypt chief_of_state "President Mohammed Hosni MUBARAK (sworn in as president on 14 October 1981, eight days after the assassination of President SADAT)" n/a) (wfb::executive_branch egypt head_of_government "Prime Minister Atef Mohammed Najib SEDKY " date_12_nov_1986) (wfb::executive_branch egypt cabinet "Cabinet") (wfb::legislative_structure egypt bicameral n/a) (wfb::legislative_branch egypt "People's Assembly (Majlis al-Cha'b)" "elections last held 29 November 1990 (next to be held NA November 1995); results - NDP 86.3%, NPUG 1.3%, independents 12.4%; seats - (454 total, 444 elected, 10 appointed by the president) NDP 383, NPUG 6, independents 55; note - most opposition parties boycotted; NDP figures include NDP members who ran as independents and other NDP-affiliated independents") (wfb::legislative_branch egypt "Advisory Council (Majlis al-Shura)" "functions only in a consultative role; elections last held 8 June 1989 (next to be held NA June 1995); results - NDP 100%; seats - (258 total, 172 elected, 86 appointed by the president) NDP 172") (wfb::judicial_branch egypt "Supreme Constitutional Court") (wfb::political_parties_and_leaders egypt "National Democratic Party (NDP), President Mohammed Hosni MUBARAK, leader, is the dominant party; legal opposition parties are; New Wafd Party (NWP), Fu'ad SIRAJ AL-DIN; Socialist Labor Party, Ibrahim SHUKRI; National Progressive Unionist Grouping (NPUG), Khalid MUHYI-AL-DIN; Socialist Liberal Party (SLP), Mustafa Kamal MURAD; Democratic Unionist Party, Mohammed 'Abd-al-Mun'im TURK; Umma Party, Ahmad al-SABAHI; Misr al-Fatah Party (Young Egypt Party), Gamal RABIE; Nasserist Arab Democratic Party, Dia' al-din DAWUD; Democratic Peoples' Party, Anwar AFIFI; The Greens Party, Kamal KIRAH; Social Justice Party, Muhammad 'ABD-AL-'AL") (wfb::other_political_or_pressure_groups egypt "despite a constitutional ban against religious-based parties, the technically illegal Muslim Brotherhood constitutes MUBARAK's potentially most significant political opposition; MUBARAK tolerated limited political activity by the Brotherhood for his first two terms, but has moved more aggressively in the past year to block its influence; trade unions and professional associations are officially sanctioned") (wfb::member_of egypt abeda) (wfb::member_of egypt acc) (wfb::member_of egypt afesd) (wfb::member_of egypt al) (wfb::member_of egypt amf) (wfb::member_of egypt caeu) (wfb::member_of egypt ccc) (wfb::member_of egypt escwa) (wfb::member_of egypt fao) (wfb::member_of egypt g-19) (wfb::member_of egypt g-77) (wfb::member_of egypt iaea) (wfb::member_of egypt ibrd) (wfb::member_of egypt icao) (wfb::member_of egypt icrm) (wfb::member_of egypt ida) (wfb::member_of egypt idb) (wfb::member_of egypt ifad) (wfb::member_of egypt ifc) (wfb::member_of egypt ifrcs) (wfb::member_of egypt ilo) (wfb::member_of egypt imf) (wfb::member_of egypt imo) (wfb::member_of egypt inmarsat) (wfb::member_of egypt intelsat) (wfb::member_of egypt interpol) (wfb::member_of egypt ioc) (wfb::member_of egypt iso) (wfb::member_of egypt itu) (wfb::member_of egypt nam) (wfb::member_of egypt oapec) (wfb::member_of egypt oic) (wfb::member_of egypt opec) (wfb::member_of egypt pca) (wfb::member_of egypt un) (wfb::member_of egypt unamir) (wfb::member_of egypt unctad) (wfb::member_of egypt unesco) (wfb::member_of egypt unido) (wfb::member_of egypt unomil) (wfb::member_of egypt unprofor) (wfb::member_of egypt upu) (wfb::member_of egypt wftu) (wfb::member_of egypt who) (wfb::member_of egypt wipo) (wfb::member_of egypt wmo) (wfb::member_of egypt wto) (wfb::diplomatic_representation_in_us egypt chief_of_mission "Ambassador Ahmed Maher El SAYED") (wfb::diplomatic_representation_in_us egypt chancery "3521 International Court NW, Washington, DC 20008") (wfb::diplomatic_representation_in_us egypt telephone "[1] (202) 895-5400") (wfb::diplomatic_representation_in_us egypt fax "[1] (202) 244-4319, 5131") (wfb::diplomatic_representation_in_us egypt |consulate(s) general| "Chicago, Houston, New York, and San Francisco") (wfb::us_diplomatic_representation egypt chief_of_mission "Ambassador Edward S. WALKER, Jr.") (wfb::us_diplomatic_representation egypt embassy "(North Gate) 8, Kamel El-Din Salah Street, Garden City, Cairo") (wfb::us_diplomatic_representation egypt mailing_address "APO AE 09839-4900") (wfb::us_diplomatic_representation egypt telephone "[20] (2) 3557371") (wfb::us_diplomatic_representation egypt fax "[20] (2) 3573200") (wfb::flag egypt "three equal horizontal bands of red (top), white, and black with the national emblem (a shield superimposed on a golden eagle facing the hoist side above a scroll bearing the name of the country in Arabic) centered in the white band; similar to the flag of Yemen, which has a plain white band; also similar to the flag of Syria that has two green stars and to the flag of Iraq, which has three green stars (plus an Arabic inscription) in a horizontal line centered in the white band") (wfb::overview egypt "Half of Egypt's GDP originates in the public sector, most industrial plants being owned by the government. Overregulation holds back technical modernization and foreign investment. Even so, the economy grew rapidly during the late 1970s and early 1980s, but in 1986 the collapse of world oil prices and an increasingly heavy burden of debt servicing led Egypt to begin negotiations with the IMF for balance-of-payments support. Egypt's first IMF standby arrangement concluded in mid-1987 was suspended in early 1988 because of the government's failure to adopt promised reforms. Egypt signed a follow-on program with the IMF and also negotiated a structural adjustment loan with the World Bank in 1991. In 1991-93 the government made solid progress on administrative reforms such as liberalizing exchange and interest rates but resisted implementing major structural reforms like streamlining the public sector. As a result, the economy has not gained momentum and unemployment has become a growing problem. Egypt probably will continue making uneven progress in implementing the successor programs with the IMF and World Bank it signed onto in late 1993. Tourism has plunged since 1992 because of sporadic attacks by Islamic extremists on tourist groups. President MUBARAK has cited population growth as the main cause of the country's economic troubles. The addition of about 1.2 million people a year to the already huge population of 62 million exerts enormous pressure on the 5% of the land area available for agriculture along the Nile.") (wfb::national_product egypt (* 1.515e+11 $)) (wfb::national_product_real_growth_rate egypt (* 1.5 %)) (wfb::national_product_per_capita egypt (* 2490 $)) (wfb::|Inflation rate (consumer prices)| egypt "8% (1994 est.)") (wfb::unemployment_rate egypt (* 20 %)) (wfb::budget egypt revenues (* 1.7999999e+10 $)) (wfb::budget egypt expenditures (* 1.94e+10 $)) (wfb::budget egypt capital_expenditures (* 3.8e+9 $)) (wfb::exports egypt (* 3.1e+9 $)) (wfb::exports egypt commodities crude_oil_and_petroleum_products n/a) (wfb::exports egypt commodities cotton_yarn n/a) (wfb::exports egypt commodities raw_cotton n/a) (wfb::exports egypt commodities textiles-commodity n/a) (wfb::exports egypt commodities metal_products-commodity n/a) (wfb::exports egypt commodities chemicals-commodity n/a) (wfb::exports egypt partners eu n/a) (wfb::exports egypt partners us n/a) (wfb::exports egypt partners japan n/a) (wfb::imports egypt (* 1.12e+10 $)) (wfb::imports egypt commodities machinery_and_equipment n/a) (wfb::imports egypt commodities foods-commodity n/a) (wfb::imports egypt commodities fertilizers-commodity n/a) (wfb::imports egypt commodities wood_products-commodity n/a) (wfb::imports egypt commodities durable_consumer_goods n/a) (wfb::imports egypt commodities capital_goods n/a) (wfb::imports egypt partners eu n/a) (wfb::imports egypt partners us n/a) (wfb::imports egypt partners japan n/a) (wfb::external_debt egypt (* 3.12e+10 $)) (wfb::industrial_production egypt growth_rate (* 2.7 %)) (wfb::electricity egypt capacity (* 11830000 kw)) (wfb::electricity egypt production (* 4.45e+10 kwh)) (wfb::electricity egypt consumption_per_capita (* 695 kwh)) (wfb::industry egypt textiles) (wfb::industry egypt food_processing) (wfb::industry egypt tourism) (wfb::industry egypt chemicals) (wfb::industry egypt petroleum-industry) (wfb::industry egypt construction-industry) (wfb::industry egypt cement) (wfb::industry egypt metals-industry) (wfb::agriculture egypt "cotton, rice, corn, wheat, beans, fruit, vegetables; cattle, water buffalo, sheep, goats; annual fish catch about 140,000 metric tons") (wfb::illicit_drugs egypt "a transit point for Southwest Asian and Southeast Asian heroin and opium moving to Europe and the US; popular transit stop for Nigerian couriers; large domestic consumption of hashish from Lebanon and Syria") (wfb::economic_aid egypt recipient "US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-89), $15.7 billion; Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-88), $10.1 billion; OPEC bilateral aid (1979-89), $2.9 billion; Communist countries (1970-89), $2.4 billion") (wfb::currency egypt egyptian_pound 100 piasters) (wfb::exchange_rates egypt "Egyptian pounds (#E) per US$1 - 3.4 (November 1994), 3.369 (November 1993), 3.345 (November 1992), 2.7072 (1990); market rate: 3.3920 (January 1995), 3.3920 (1994), 3.3704 (1993), 3.3300 (1992), 2.0000 (1991), 1.1000 (1990)") (wfb::fiscal_year egypt date_1_jul date_30_jun) (wfb::railroads egypt total "4,895 km (42 km electrified; 951 km double track)") (wfb::railroads egypt standard_gauge "4,548 km 1,435-m gauge (42 km electrified; 951 km double track)") (wfb::railroads egypt narrow_gauge "347 km 0.750-m gauge") (wfb::highways egypt total (* 47387 km)) (wfb::highways egypt paved (* 34593 km)) (wfb::highways egypt unpaved (* 12794 km)) (wfb::inland_waterways egypt "3,500 km (including the Nile, Lake Nasser, Alexandria-Cairo Waterway, and numerous smaller canals in the delta); Suez Canal, 193.5 km long (including approaches), used by oceangoing vessels drawing up to 16.1 meters of water") (wfb::port egypt alexandria-egypt) (wfb::port egypt al_ghurdaqah-egypt) (wfb::port egypt aswan-egypt) (wfb::port egypt asyut-egypt) (wfb::port egypt bur_safajah-egypt) (wfb::port egypt damietta-egypt) (wfb::port egypt marsa_matruh-egypt) (wfb::port egypt port_said-egypt) (wfb::port egypt suez-egypt) (wfb::merchant_marine egypt total "168 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 1,187,442 GRT/1,821,327 DWT") (wfb::merchant_marine egypt ships_by_type "bulk 19, cargo 83, container 2, oil tanker 15, passenger 30, refrigerated cargo 1, roll-on/roll-off cargo 14, short-sea passenger 4") (wfb::airports egypt total 91) (wfb::airports egypt |with paved runways over 3,047 m| 11) (wfb::airports egypt |with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m| 35) (wfb::airports egypt |with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m| 17) (wfb::airports egypt |with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m| 3) (wfb::airports egypt with_paved_runways_under_914_m 14) (wfb::airports egypt |with unpaved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m| 2) (wfb::airports egypt |with unpaved runways 1,524 to 2,438 m| 2) (wfb::airports egypt |with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m| 7) (wfb::telephone_system egypt "600,000 telephones; 11 telephones/1,000 persons; large system by Third World standards but inadequate for present requirements and undergoing extensive upgrading") (wfb::telephone_system egypt local "NA") (wfb::telephone_system egypt intercity "principal centers at Alexandria, Cairo, Al Mansurah, Ismailia Suez, and Tanta are connected by coaxial cable and microwave radio relay") (wfb::telephone_system egypt international "2 INTELSAT (Atlantic Ocean and Indian Ocean), 1 ARABSAT, and 1 INMARSAT earth station; 5 coaxial submarine cables, microwave troposcatter (to Sudan), and microwave radio relay (to Libya, Israel, and Jordan)") (wfb::radio egypt broadcast_stations am 39) (wfb::radio egypt broadcast_stations fm 6) (wfb::radio egypt broadcast_stations shortwave 0) (wfb::radio egypt radios n/a) (wfb::television egypt broadcast_stations 41) (wfb::television egypt televisions n/a) (wfb::defense_branch egypt army_egypt) (wfb::defense_branch egypt navy_egypt) (wfb::defense_branch egypt air_force_egypt) (wfb::defense_branch egypt air_defense_command_egypt) (wfb::manpower_availability egypt "males age 15-49 16,113,413; males fit for military service 10,455,955; males reach military age (20) annually 648,724 (1995 est.)") (wfb::defense_expenditures egypt (* 3.5e+9 $)))) (equatorial_guinea ((wfb::location equatorial_guinea "Western Africa, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean, between Cameroon and Gabon") (wfb::map_references equatorial_guinea "Africa") (wfb::area equatorial_guinea total_area (* 28050 sq_km)) (wfb::area equatorial_guinea land_area (* 28050 sq_km)) (wfb::area equatorial_guinea comparative_area "slightly larger than Maryland") (wfb::borders equatorial_guinea total (* 539 km)) (wfb::borders equatorial_guinea cameroon (* 189 km)) (wfb::borders equatorial_guinea gabon (* 350 km)) (wfb::coastline equatorial_guinea (* 296 km)) (wfb::maritime_claims equatorial_guinea exclusive_economic_zone (* 200 nm)) (wfb::maritime_claims equatorial_guinea territorial_sea (* 12 nm)) (wfb::international_disputes equatorial_guinea "maritime boundary dispute with Gabon because of disputed sovereignty over islands in Corisco Bay") (wfb::climate equatorial_guinea "tropical") (wfb::climate equatorial_guinea "always hot, humid") (wfb::terrain equatorial_guinea "coastal plains rise to interior hills") (wfb::terrain equatorial_guinea "islands are volcanic") (wfb::natural-resource equatorial_guinea timber) (wfb::natural-resource equatorial_guinea petroleum) (wfb::natural-resource equatorial_guinea small_unexploited_deposits_of_gold) (wfb::natural-resource equatorial_guinea manganese) (wfb::natural-resource equatorial_guinea uranium) (wfb::land_use equatorial_guinea arable_land (* 8 %)) (wfb::land_use equatorial_guinea permanent_crops (* 4 %)) (wfb::land_use equatorial_guinea meadows_and_pastures (* 4 %)) (wfb::land_use equatorial_guinea forest_and_woodland (* 51 %)) (wfb::land_use equatorial_guinea other (* 33 %)) (wfb::irrigated_land equatorial_guinea (* n/a sq_km)) (wfb::environment equatorial_guinea current_issues "tap water is not potable") (wfb::environment equatorial_guinea current_issues "desertification") (wfb::environment equatorial_guinea natural_hazards "violent windstorms") (wfb::environment equatorial_guinea international_agreements "party to - Biodiversity, Endangered Species, Nuclear Test Ban") (wfb::environment equatorial_guinea international_agreements "signed, but not ratified - Desertification, Law of the Sea") (wfb::note equatorial_guinea "insular and continental regions rather widely separated") (wfb::population equatorial_guinea 420293) (wfb::age_structure equatorial_guinea 0-14_years (* 43 %)) (wfb::age_structure_by_sex equatorial_guinea 0-14_years female 90404) (wfb::age_structure_by_sex equatorial_guinea 0-14_years male 90997) (wfb::age_structure equatorial_guinea 15-64_years (* 53 %)) (wfb::age_structure_by_sex equatorial_guinea 15-64_years female 117124) (wfb::age_structure_by_sex equatorial_guinea 15-64_years male 105724) (wfb::age_structure equatorial_guinea 65_years_and_over (* 4 %)) (wfb::age_structure_by_sex equatorial_guinea 65_years_and_over female 8969) (wfb::age_structure_by_sex equatorial_guinea 65_years_and_over male 7075) (wfb::population_growth_rate equatorial_guinea (* 2.59 %)) (wfb::birth_rate equatorial_guinea (* 40.22 |births/1,000 population|)) (wfb::death_rate equatorial_guinea (* 14.36 |deaths/1,000 population|)) (wfb::net_migration_rate equatorial_guinea (* 0 |migrant(s)/1,000 population|)) (wfb::infant_mortality_rate equatorial_guinea (* 100.2 |deaths/1,000 live births|)) (wfb::life_expectancy_at_birth equatorial_guinea total_population (* 52.56 years)) (wfb::life_expectancy_at_birth equatorial_guinea male (* 50.39 years)) (wfb::life_expectancy_at_birth equatorial_guinea female (* 54.79 years)) (wfb::total_fertility_rate equatorial_guinea (* 5.23 children_born/woman)) (wfb::nationality equatorial_guinea noun "Equatorial Guinean(s) or Equatoguinean(s)") (wfb::nationality equatorial_guinea adjective "Equatorial Guinean or Equatoguinean") (wfb::ethnic-entity equatorial_guinea bioko n/a) (wfb::ethnic-entity equatorial_guinea rio_muni n/a) (wfb::ethnic-entity equatorial_guinea |Europeans less than 1,000| n/a) (wfb::ethnic-entity equatorial_guinea mostly_spanish n/a) (wfb::language equatorial_guinea spanish-language-group n/a) (wfb::language equatorial_guinea pidgin_english n/a) (wfb::language equatorial_guinea fang n/a) (wfb::language equatorial_guinea bubi n/a) (wfb::language equatorial_guinea ibo n/a) (wfb::literacy-condition equatorial_guinea "age 15 and over can read and write") (wfb::literacy equatorial_guinea total_population (* 62 %)) (wfb::literacy equatorial_guinea male (* 77 %)) (wfb::literacy equatorial_guinea female (* 48 %)) (wfb::total_labor_force equatorial_guinea 172000) (wfb::labor_force_by_occupation equatorial_guinea agriculture (* 66 %)) (wfb::labor_force_by_occupation equatorial_guinea services (* 23 %)) (wfb::labor_force_by_occupation equatorial_guinea industry (* 11 %)) (wfb::names equatorial_guinea conventional_long_form "Republic of Equatorial Guinea") (wfb::names equatorial_guinea conventional_short_form "Equatorial Guinea") (wfb::names equatorial_guinea local_long_form "Republica de Guinea Ecuatorial") (wfb::names equatorial_guinea local_short_form "Guinea Ecuatorial") (wfb::names equatorial_guinea former "Spanish Guinea") (wfb::digraph equatorial_guinea "EK") (type equatorial_guinea "republic in transition to multiparty democracy") (wfb::capital equatorial_guinea malabo-equatorial_guinea) (wfb::administrative_divisions equatorial_guinea adm_div_equatorial_guinea_provinces 7) (wfb::administrative_division_of equatorial_guinea adm_div_equatorial_guinea_provinces "Annobon") (wfb::administrative_division_of equatorial_guinea adm_div_equatorial_guinea_provinces "Bioko Norte") (wfb::administrative_division_of equatorial_guinea adm_div_equatorial_guinea_provinces "Bioko Sur") (wfb::administrative_division_of equatorial_guinea adm_div_equatorial_guinea_provinces "Centro Sur") (wfb::administrative_division_of equatorial_guinea adm_div_equatorial_guinea_provinces "Kie-Ntem") (wfb::administrative_division_of equatorial_guinea adm_div_equatorial_guinea_provinces "Litoral") (wfb::administrative_division_of equatorial_guinea adm_div_equatorial_guinea_provinces "Wele-Nzas") (wfb::independence equatorial_guinea date_12_oct_1968 "Spain") (wfb::national_holiday equatorial_guinea "Independence Day" date_12_oct) (wfb::constitution equatorial_guinea "new constitution 17 November 1991") (wfb::legal_system equatorial_guinea "partly based on Spanish civil law and tribal custom") (wfb::executive_branch equatorial_guinea chief_of_state "President Brig. Gen. (Ret.) Teodoro OBIANG NGUEMA MBASOGO " date_3_aug_1979) (wfb::executive_branch equatorial_guinea head_of_government "Prime Minister Silvestre SIALE BILEKA " date_17_jan_1992) (wfb::executive_branch equatorial_guinea cabinet "Council of Ministers") (wfb::legislative_structure equatorial_guinea unicameral n/a) (wfb::legislative_branch equatorial_guinea "House of People's Representatives" "(Camara de Representantes del Pueblo) elections last held 21 November 1993; seats - (82 total) PDGE 72, various opposition parties 10") (wfb::judicial_branch equatorial_guinea "Supreme Tribunal") (wfb::political_parties_and_leaders equatorial_guinea ruling_party "Democratic Party for Equatorial Guinea (PDGE), Brig. Gen. (Ret.) Teodoro OBIANG NGUEMA MBASOGO, party leader") (wfb::political_parties_and_leaders equatorial_guinea opposition_parties "Progressive Democratic Alliance (ADP), Antonio-Ebang Mbele Abang, president; Popular Action of Equatorial Guinea (APGE),Casiano Masi Edu, leader; Liberal Democratic Convention (CLD), Alfonso Nsue MOKUY, president; Convergence for Social Democracy (CPDS),Santiago Obama Ndong, president; Social Democratic and Popular Convergence (CSDP), Secundino Oyono Agueng Ada, general secretary; Party of the Social Democratic Coalition (PCSD), Buenaventura Moswi M'Asumu, general coordinater; Liberal Party (PL), leaders unknown; Party of Progress (PP), Severo MOTO Nsa, president; Social Democratic Party (PSD), Benjamin-Gabriel Balingha Balinga Alene, general secretary; Socialist Party of Equatorial Guinea (PSGE), Tomas MICHEBE Fernandez, general secretary; National Democratic Union (UDENA), Jose MECHEBA Ikaka, president; Democratic Social Union (UDS), Jesus Nze Obama Avomo, general secretary; Popular Union (UP), Juan Bitui, president") (wfb::member_of equatorial_guinea acct) (wfb::member_of equatorial_guinea acp) (wfb::member_of equatorial_guinea afdb) (wfb::member_of equatorial_guinea bdeac) (wfb::member_of equatorial_guinea ceeac) (wfb::member_of equatorial_guinea eca) (wfb::member_of equatorial_guinea fao) (wfb::member_of equatorial_guinea fz) (wfb::member_of equatorial_guinea g-77) (wfb::member_of equatorial_guinea ibrd) (wfb::member_of equatorial_guinea icao) (wfb::member_of equatorial_guinea ida) (wfb::member_of equatorial_guinea ifad) (wfb::member_of equatorial_guinea ifc) (wfb::member_of equatorial_guinea ifrcs) (wfb::member_of equatorial_guinea ilo) (wfb::member_of equatorial_guinea imf) (wfb::member_of equatorial_guinea imo) (wfb::member_of equatorial_guinea intelsat) (wfb::member_of equatorial_guinea interpol) (wfb::member_of equatorial_guinea ioc) (wfb::member_of equatorial_guinea itu) (wfb::member_of equatorial_guinea nam) (wfb::member_of equatorial_guinea oas) (wfb::member_of equatorial_guinea oau) (wfb::member_of equatorial_guinea udeac) (wfb::member_of equatorial_guinea un) (wfb::member_of equatorial_guinea unctad) (wfb::member_of equatorial_guinea unesco) (wfb::member_of equatorial_guinea unido) (wfb::member_of equatorial_guinea upu) (wfb::member_of equatorial_guinea who) (wfb::diplomatic_representation_in_us equatorial_guinea chief_of_mission "(vacant); Charge d'Affaires ad interim Teodoro Biyogo NSUE") (wfb::diplomatic_representation_in_us equatorial_guinea chancery "(temporary) 57 Magnolia Avenue, Mount Vernon, NY 10553") (wfb::diplomatic_representation_in_us equatorial_guinea telephone "[1] (914) 738-9584, 667-6913") (wfb::diplomatic_representation_in_us equatorial_guinea fax "[1] (914) 667-6838") (wfb::us_diplomatic_representation equatorial_guinea chief_of_mission "Charge d'Affaires Joseph P. O'NEILL") (wfb::us_diplomatic_representation equatorial_guinea embassy "Calle de Los Ministros, Malabo") (wfb::us_diplomatic_representation equatorial_guinea mailing_address "P.O. Box 597, Malabo") (wfb::us_diplomatic_representation equatorial_guinea telephone "[240] (9) 21-85, 24-06, 25-07") (wfb::us_diplomatic_representation equatorial_guinea fax "[240] (9) 21-64") (wfb::flag equatorial_guinea "three equal horizontal bands of green (top), white, and red with a blue isosceles triangle based on the hoist side and the coat of arms centered in the white band; the coat of arms has six yellow six-pointed stars (representing the mainland and five offshore islands) above a gray shield bearing a silk-cotton tree and below which is a scroll with the motto UNIDAD, PAZ, JUSTICIA (Unity, Peace, Justice)") (wfb::overview equatorial_guinea "Agriculture, forestry, and fishing account for about half of GDP and nearly all exports. Subsistence farming predominates. Although pre-independence Equatorial Guinea counted on cocoa production for hard currency earnings, the deterioration of the rural economy under successive brutal regimes has diminished potential for agriculture-led growth. A number of aid programs sponsored by the World Bank and the international donor community have failed to revitalize export agriculture. Businesses for the most part are owned by government officials and their family members. Commerce accounts for about 8% of GDP and the construction, public works, and service sectors for about 38%. Undeveloped natural resources include titanium, iron ore, manganese, uranium, and alluvial gold. Oil exploration, taking place under concessions offered to US, French, and Spanish firms, has been moderately successful. Increased production from recently discovered natural gas fields will provide a greater share of exports in 1995.") (wfb::national_product equatorial_guinea (* 2.8e+8 $)) (wfb::national_product_real_growth_rate equatorial_guinea (* 7.3 %)) (wfb::national_product_per_capita equatorial_guinea (* 700 $)) (wfb::|Inflation rate (consumer prices)| equatorial_guinea "1.6% (1992 est.)") (wfb::unemployment_rate equatorial_guinea (* n/a %)) (wfb::budget equatorial_guinea revenues (* 3.25e+7 $)) (wfb::budget equatorial_guinea expenditures (* 3.59e+7 $)) (wfb::budget equatorial_guinea capital_expenditures (* 3000000.0 $)) (wfb::exports equatorial_guinea (* 5.6e+7 $)) (wfb::exports equatorial_guinea commodities coffee n/a) (wfb::exports equatorial_guinea commodities timber-commodity n/a) (wfb::exports equatorial_guinea commodities cocoa_beans n/a) (wfb::exports equatorial_guinea partners spain (* 55.2 %)) (wfb::exports equatorial_guinea partners nigeria (* 11.4 %)) (wfb::exports equatorial_guinea partners cameroon (* 9.1 %)) (wfb::imports equatorial_guinea (* 6.2e+7 $)) (wfb::imports equatorial_guinea commodities petroleum-commodity n/a) (wfb::imports equatorial_guinea commodities food n/a) (wfb::imports equatorial_guinea commodities beverages n/a) (wfb::imports equatorial_guinea commodities clothing-commodity n/a) (wfb::imports equatorial_guinea commodities machinery n/a) (wfb::imports equatorial_guinea partners cameroon (* 23.1 %)) (wfb::imports equatorial_guinea partners spain (* 21.8 %)) (wfb::imports equatorial_guinea partners france (* 14.1 %)) (wfb::imports equatorial_guinea partners us (* 4.3 %)) (wfb::external_debt equatorial_guinea (* 2.6e+8 $)) (wfb::industrial_production equatorial_guinea growth_rate (* 11.3 %)) (wfb::electricity equatorial_guinea capacity (* 23000 kw)) (wfb::electricity equatorial_guinea production (* 2.0e+7 kwh)) (wfb::electricity equatorial_guinea consumption_per_capita (* 50 kwh)) (wfb::industry equatorial_guinea fishing-industry) (wfb::industry equatorial_guinea sawmilling) (wfb::agriculture equatorial_guinea "accounts for almost 50% of GDP, cash crops - timber and coffee from Rio Muni, cocoa from Bioko; food crops - rice, yams, cassava, bananas, oil palm nuts, manioc, livestock") (wfb::economic_aid equatorial_guinea recipient "US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY81-89), $14 million; Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-89), $130 million; Communist countries (1970-89), $55 million") (wfb::currency equatorial_guinea cfa_franc 100 centimes) (wfb::exchange_rates equatorial_guinea "Communaute Financiere Africaine francs (CFAF) per US$1 - 529.43 (January 1995), 555.20 (1994), 273,16 (1993), 264.69 (1992), 282.11 (1991), 272.26 (1990)") (wfb::fiscal_year equatorial_guinea date_1_apr date_31_mar) (wfb::railroads equatorial_guinea total "0 km") (wfb::port equatorial_guinea bata-equatorial_guinea) (wfb::port equatorial_guinea luba-equatorial_guinea) (wfb::port equatorial_guinea malabo-equatorial_guinea) (wfb::merchant_marine equatorial_guinea total "2 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 6,412 GRT/6,699 DWT") (wfb::merchant_marine equatorial_guinea ships_by_type "cargo 1, passenger-cargo 1") (wfb::airports equatorial_guinea total 3) (wfb::airports equatorial_guinea |with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m| 1) (wfb::airports equatorial_guinea |with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m| 1) (wfb::airports equatorial_guinea with_paved_runways_under_914_m 1) (wfb::telephone_system equatorial_guinea "2,000 telephones; poor system with adequate government services") (wfb::telephone_system equatorial_guinea local "NA") (wfb::telephone_system equatorial_guinea intercity "NA") (wfb::telephone_system equatorial_guinea international "international communications from Bata and Malabo to African and European countries; 1 Indian Ocean INTELSAT earth station") (wfb::radio equatorial_guinea broadcast_stations am 2) (wfb::radio equatorial_guinea broadcast_stations fm 0) (wfb::radio equatorial_guinea broadcast_stations shortwave 0) (wfb::radio equatorial_guinea radios n/a) (wfb::television equatorial_guinea broadcast_stations 1) (wfb::television equatorial_guinea televisions n/a) (wfb::defense_branch equatorial_guinea army_equatorial_guinea) (wfb::defense_branch equatorial_guinea navy_equatorial_guinea) (wfb::defense_branch equatorial_guinea air_force_equatorial_guinea) (wfb::defense_branch equatorial_guinea rapid_intervention_force_equatorial_guinea) (wfb::defense_branch equatorial_guinea national_police_equatorial_guinea) (wfb::manpower_availability equatorial_guinea "males age 15-49 89,752; males fit for military service 45,611 (1995 est.)") (wfb::defense_expenditures equatorial_guinea (* 2500000.0 $)) (wfb::defense_expenditures equatorial_guinea (* n/a %_of_gdp)))) (eritrea ((wfb::location eritrea "Eastern Africa, bordering the Red Sea, between Djibouti and Sudan") (wfb::map_references eritrea "Africa") (wfb::area eritrea total_area (* 121320 sq_km)) (wfb::area eritrea land_area (* 121320 sq_km)) (wfb::area eritrea comparative_area "slightly larger than Pennsylvania") (wfb::borders eritrea total (* 1630 km)) (wfb::borders eritrea djibouti (* 113 km)) (wfb::borders eritrea ethiopia (* 912 km)) (wfb::borders eritrea sudan (* 605 km)) (wfb::coastline eritrea (* 1151 km)) (wfb::international_disputes eritrea "none") (wfb::climate eritrea "hot, dry desert strip along Red Sea coast") (wfb::climate eritrea "cooler and wetter in the central highlands (up to 61 cm of rainfall annually)") (wfb::climate eritrea "semiarid in western hills and lowlands") (wfb::climate eritrea "rainfall heaviest during June-September except on coastal desert") (wfb::terrain eritrea "dominated by extension of Ethiopian north-south trending highlands, descending on the east to a coastal desert plain, on the northwest to hilly terrain and on the southwest to flat-to-rolling plains") (wfb::natural-resource eritrea gold) (wfb::natural-resource eritrea potash) (wfb::natural-resource eritrea zinc) (wfb::natural-resource eritrea copper) (wfb::natural-resource eritrea salt) (wfb::natural-resource eritrea |probably oil (petroleum geologists are prospecting for it)|) (wfb::natural-resource eritrea fish) (wfb::land_use eritrea arable_land (* 3 %)) (wfb::land_use eritrea permanent_crops (* 2 %)) (wfb::land_use eritrea meadows_and_pastures (* 40 %)) (wfb::land_use eritrea forest_and_woodland (* 5 %)) (wfb::land_use eritrea other (* 50 %)) (wfb::irrigated_land eritrea (* n/a sq_km)) (wfb::environment eritrea current_issues "famine") (wfb::environment eritrea current_issues "deforestation") (wfb::environment eritrea current_issues "desertification") (wfb::environment eritrea current_issues "soil erosion") (wfb::environment eritrea current_issues "overgrazing") (wfb::environment eritrea current_issues "loss of infrastructure from civil warfare") (wfb::environment eritrea natural_hazards "frequent droughts") (wfb::environment eritrea international_agreements "party to - Endangered Species") (wfb::environment eritrea international_agreements "signed, but not ratified - Desertification") (wfb::note eritrea "strategic geopolitical position along world's busiest shipping lanes; Eritrea retained the entire coastline of Ethiopia along the Red Sea upon de jure independence from Ethiopia on 27 April 1993") (wfb::population eritrea 3578709) (wfb::age_structure eritrea 0-14_years (* 43 %)) (wfb::age_structure_by_sex eritrea 0-14_years female 763416) (wfb::age_structure_by_sex eritrea 0-14_years male 774922) (wfb::age_structure eritrea 15-64_years (* 54 %)) (wfb::age_structure_by_sex eritrea 15-64_years female 965124) (wfb::age_structure_by_sex eritrea 15-64_years male 965435) (wfb::age_structure eritrea 65_years_and_over (* 3 %)) (wfb::age_structure_by_sex eritrea 65_years_and_over female 52950) (wfb::age_structure_by_sex eritrea 65_years_and_over male 56862) (wfb::population_growth_rate eritrea (* 9.04 %)) (wfb::birth_rate eritrea (* 44.34 |births/1,000 population|)) (wfb::death_rate eritrea (* 15.67 |deaths/1,000 population|)) (wfb::net_migration_rate eritrea (* n/a |migrant(s)/1,000 population|)) (wfb::infant_mortality_rate eritrea (* 120.6 |deaths/1,000 live births|)) (wfb::life_expectancy_at_birth eritrea total_population (* 50 years)) (wfb::life_expectancy_at_birth eritrea male (* 48.28 years)) (wfb::life_expectancy_at_birth eritrea female (* 51.78 years)) (wfb::total_fertility_rate eritrea (* 6.53 children_born/woman)) (wfb::nationality eritrea noun "Eritrean(s)") (wfb::nationality eritrea adjective "Eritrean") (wfb::ethnic-entity eritrea ethnic_tigrays (* 50 %)) (wfb::ethnic-entity eritrea tigre_and_kunama (* 40 %)) (wfb::ethnic-entity eritrea afar (* 4 %)) (wfb::ethnic-entity eritrea |Saho (Red Sea coast dwellers)| (* 3 %)) (wfb::religion eritrea muslim n/a) (wfb::religion eritrea coptic_christian n/a) (wfb::religion eritrea roman_catholic n/a) (wfb::religion eritrea protestant n/a) (wfb::language eritrea tigre n/a) (wfb::language eritrea kunama n/a) (wfb::language eritrea cushitic_dialects n/a) (wfb::language eritrea tigre n/a) (wfb::language eritrea nora_bana n/a) (wfb::language eritrea arabic n/a) (wfb::total_labor_force eritrea n/a) (wfb::names eritrea conventional_long_form "State of Eritrea") (wfb::names eritrea conventional_short_form "Eritrea") (wfb::names eritrea former "Eritrea Autonomous Region in Ethiopia") (wfb::digraph eritrea "ER") (type eritrea "transitional government") (wfb::capital eritrea asmara-eritrea) (wfb::administrative_divisions eritrea adm_div_eritrea_provinces 9) (wfb::administrative_division_of eritrea adm_div_eritrea_provinces "Akole Guzay") (wfb::administrative_division_of eritrea adm_div_eritrea_provinces "Baraka") (wfb::administrative_division_of eritrea adm_div_eritrea_provinces "Danakil") (wfb::administrative_division_of eritrea adm_div_eritrea_provinces "Hamasen") (wfb::administrative_division_of eritrea adm_div_eritrea_provinces "Sahil") (wfb::administrative_division_of eritrea adm_div_eritrea_provinces "Samhar") (wfb::administrative_division_of eritrea adm_div_eritrea_provinces "Senhit") (wfb::administrative_division_of eritrea adm_div_eritrea_provinces "Seraye") (wfb::administrative_division_of eritrea adm_div_eritrea_provinces "Sahil") (wfb::independence eritrea date_27_may_1993 "Ethiopia") (wfb::constitution eritrea "transitional \"constitution\" decreed 19 May 1993") (wfb::legal_system eritrea "NA") (wfb::executive_branch eritrea chief_of_state "President ISAIAS Afworke " date_22_may_1993) (wfb::executive_branch eritrea head_of_government "President ISAIAS Afworke " date_22_may_1993) (wfb::executive_branch eritrea cabinet "State Council") (wfb::legislative_structure eritrea unicameral n/a) (wfb::legislative_branch eritrea "National Assembly" "PFDJ Central Committee serves as the country's legislative body until country-wide elections are held (before 20 May 1997)") (wfb::judicial_branch eritrea "Judiciary") (wfb::political_parties_and_leaders eritrea "People's Front for Democracy and Justice (PFDJ), ISAIAS Afworke, PETROS Solomon (the only party recognized by the government)") (wfb::other_political_or_pressure_groups eritrea "Eritrean Islamic Jihad (EIJ); Islamic Militant Group; Eritrean Liberation Front (ELF), ABDULLAH Muhammed; Eritrean Liberation Front - United Organization (ELF-UO), Mohammed Said NAWUD; Eritrean Liberation Front - Revolutionary Council (ELF-RC), Ahmed NASSER") (wfb::member_of eritrea acp) (wfb::member_of eritrea eca) (wfb::member_of eritrea fao) (wfb::member_of eritrea ibrd) (wfb::member_of eritrea icao) (wfb::member_of eritrea ida) (wfb::member_of eritrea ifad) (wfb::member_of eritrea igadd) (wfb::member_of eritrea ilo) (wfb::member_of eritrea imf) (wfb::member_of eritrea imo) (wfb::member_of eritrea intelsat) (wfb::member_of eritrea itu) (wfb::member_of eritrea oau) (wfb::member_of eritrea un) (wfb::member_of eritrea unctad) (wfb::member_of eritrea unesco) (wfb::member_of eritrea upu) (wfb::member_of eritrea wftu) (wfb::diplomatic_representation_in_us eritrea chief_of_mission "Ambassador AMDEMICHAEL Berhane Khasai") (wfb::diplomatic_representation_in_us eritrea chancery "Suite 400, 910 17th Street NW, Washington, DC 20006") (wfb::diplomatic_representation_in_us eritrea telephone "[1] (202) 429-1991") (wfb::diplomatic_representation_in_us eritrea fax "[1] (202) 429-9004") (wfb::us_diplomatic_representation eritrea chief_of_mission "Ambassador Robert G. HOUDEK") (wfb::us_diplomatic_representation eritrea embassy "34 Zera Yacob St., Asmara") (wfb::us_diplomatic_representation eritrea mailing_address "P.O. Box 211, Asmara") (wfb::us_diplomatic_representation eritrea telephone "[291] (1) 120004") (wfb::us_diplomatic_representation eritrea fax "[291] (1) 127584") (wfb::flag eritrea "red isosceles triangle (based on the hoist side) dividing the flag into two right triangles; the upper triangle is green, the lower one is blue; a gold wreath encircling a gold olive branch is centered on the hoist side of the red triangle") (wfb::overview eritrea "With independence from Ethiopia on 27 April 1993, Eritrea faces the bitter economic problems of a small, desperately poor African country. Most of the population will continue to depend on subsistence farming. Domestic output is substantially augmented by worker remittances from abroad. Government revenues come from custom duties and income and sales taxes. Eritrea has inherited the entire coastline of Ethiopia and has long-term prospects for revenues from the development of offshore oil, offshore fishing, and tourism. For the time being, Ethiopia will be largely dependent on Eritrean ports for its foreign trade.") (wfb::national_product eritrea (* 1.8e+9 $)) (wfb::national_product_real_growth_rate eritrea (* 2 %)) (wfb::national_product_per_capita eritrea (* 500 $)) (wfb::|Inflation rate (consumer prices)| eritrea "NA%") (wfb::unemployment_rate eritrea (* n/a %)) (wfb::budget eritrea revenues (* n/a $)) (wfb::budget eritrea expenditures (* n/a $)) (wfb::budget eritrea capital_expenditures (* n/a $)) (wfb::exports eritrea (* n/a $)) (wfb::imports eritrea (* n/a $)) (wfb::external_debt eritrea (* n/a $)) (wfb::industrial_production eritrea growth_rate (* n/a %)) (wfb::electricity eritrea capacity (* n/a kw)) (wfb::electricity eritrea production (* n/a kwh)) (wfb::electricity eritrea consumption_per_capita (* n/a kwh)) (wfb::industry eritrea food_processing) (wfb::industry eritrea beverages-industry) (wfb::industry eritrea clothing) (wfb::industry eritrea textiles) (wfb::agriculture eritrea "products - sorghum, livestock (including goats), fish, lentils, vegetables, maize, cotton, tobacco, coffee, sisal (for making rope)") (wfb::economic_aid eritrea "$NA") (wfb::currency eritrea birr 100 |cents; at present, Ethiopian currency used|) (wfb::exchange_rates eritrea "1 birr (Br) per US$1 - 5.9500 (January 1995), 5.9500 (1994), 5.000 (fixed rate 1992-93); note - official rate pegged to US$") (wfb::railroads eritrea total "307 km; note - nonoperational since 1978; links Ak'ordat and Asmara (formerly Asmera) with the port of Massawa (formerly Mits'iwa)") (wfb::railroads eritrea narrow_gauge "307 km 1.000-m gauge (1993 est.)") (wfb::highways eritrea total (* 3845 km)) (wfb::highways eritrea paved (* 807 km)) (wfb::highways eritrea gravel (* 840 km)) (wfb::highways eritrea improved_earth (* 402 km)) (wfb::highways eritrea unimproved_earth (* 1796 km)) (wfb::port eritrea assab-eritrea) (wfb::port eritrea massawa-eritrea) (wfb::merchant_marine eritrea "none") (wfb::airports eritrea total 20) (wfb::airports eritrea |with paved runways over 3,047 m| 1) (wfb::airports eritrea |with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m| 1) (wfb::airports eritrea with_paved_runways_under_914_m 2) (wfb::airports eritrea |with unpaved runways over 3,047 m| 1) (wfb::airports eritrea |with unpaved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m| 2) (wfb::airports eritrea |with unpaved runways 1,524 to 2,438 m| 6) (wfb::airports eritrea |with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m| 7) (wfb::telephone_system eritrea "NA") (wfb::telephone_system eritrea local "NA") (wfb::telephone_system eritrea intercity "NA") (wfb::telephone_system eritrea international "NA") (wfb::radio eritrea broadcast_stations shortwave 0) (wfb::radio eritrea radios n/a) (wfb::television eritrea broadcast_stations n/a) (wfb::television eritrea televisions n/a) (wfb::defense_branch eritrea |Eritrean People's Liberation Front_eritrea|))) (ethiopia ((wfb::location ethiopia "Eastern Africa, west of Somalia") (wfb::map_references ethiopia "Africa") (wfb::area ethiopia total_area (* 1127127 sq_km)) (wfb::area ethiopia land_area (* 1119683 sq_km)) (wfb::area ethiopia comparative_area "slightly less than twice the size of Texas") (wfb::borders ethiopia total (* 5311 km)) (wfb::borders ethiopia djibouti (* 337 km)) (wfb::borders ethiopia eritrea (* 912 km)) (wfb::borders ethiopia kenya (* 830 km)) (wfb::borders ethiopia somalia (* 1626 km)) (wfb::borders ethiopia sudan (* 1606 km)) (wfb::maritime_claims ethiopia "none; landlocked") (wfb::international_disputes ethiopia "southern half of the boundary with Somalia is a Provisional Administrative Line") (wfb::international_disputes ethiopia "territorial dispute with Somalia over the Ogaden") (wfb::climate ethiopia "tropical monsoon with wide topographic-induced variation") (wfb::terrain ethiopia "high plateau with central mountain range divided by Great Rift Valley") (wfb::natural-resource ethiopia small_reserves_of_gold) (wfb::natural-resource ethiopia platinum) (wfb::natural-resource ethiopia copper) (wfb::natural-resource ethiopia potash) (wfb::land_use ethiopia arable_land (* 12 %)) (wfb::land_use ethiopia permanent_crops (* 1 %)) (wfb::land_use ethiopia meadows_and_pastures (* 41 %)) (wfb::land_use ethiopia forest_and_woodland (* 24 %)) (wfb::land_use ethiopia other (* 22 %)) (wfb::irrigated_land ethiopia (* 1620 sq_km)) (wfb::environment ethiopia current_issues "deforestation") (wfb::environment ethiopia current_issues "overgrazing") (wfb::environment ethiopia current_issues "soil erosion") (wfb::environment ethiopia current_issues "desertification") (wfb::environment ethiopia current_issues "famine") (wfb::environment ethiopia natural_hazards "geologically active Great Rift Valley susceptible to earthquakes, volcanic eruptions") (wfb::environment ethiopia natural_hazards "frequent droughts") (wfb::environment ethiopia international_agreements "party to - Biodiversity, Climate Change, Endangered Species, Ozone Layer Protection") (wfb::environment ethiopia international_agreements "signed, but not ratified - Desertification, Environmental Modification, Law of the Sea, Nuclear Test Ban") (wfb::note ethiopia "landlocked - entire coastline along the Red Sea was lost with the de jure independence of Eritrea on 27 April 1993") (wfb::population ethiopia 55979018) (wfb::age_structure ethiopia 0-14_years (* 46 %)) (wfb::age_structure_by_sex ethiopia 0-14_years female 12782345) (wfb::age_structure_by_sex ethiopia 0-14_years male 12802187) (wfb::age_structure ethiopia 15-64_years (* 52 %)) (wfb::age_structure_by_sex ethiopia 15-64_years female 14352059) (wfb::age_structure_by_sex ethiopia 15-64_years male 14511342) (wfb::age_structure ethiopia 65_years_and_over (* 2 %)) (wfb::age_structure_by_sex ethiopia 65_years_and_over female 815974) (wfb::age_structure_by_sex ethiopia 65_years_and_over male 715111) (wfb::population_growth_rate ethiopia (* 3.09 %)) (wfb::birth_rate ethiopia (* 46.68 |births/1,000 population|)) (wfb::death_rate ethiopia (* 15.77 |deaths/1,000 population|)) (wfb::net_migration_rate ethiopia (* n/a |migrant(s)/1,000 population|)) (wfb::infant_mortality_rate ethiopia (* 120.6 |deaths/1,000 live births|)) (wfb::life_expectancy_at_birth ethiopia total_population (* 50 years)) (wfb::life_expectancy_at_birth ethiopia male (* 48.28 years)) (wfb::life_expectancy_at_birth ethiopia female (* 51.78 years)) (wfb::total_fertility_rate ethiopia (* 7.07 children_born/woman)) (wfb::nationality ethiopia noun "Ethiopian(s)") (wfb::nationality ethiopia adjective "Ethiopian") (wfb::ethnic-entity ethiopia oromo (* 40 %)) (wfb::ethnic-entity ethiopia amhara_and_tigrean (* 32 %)) (wfb::ethnic-entity ethiopia sidamo (* 9 %)) (wfb::ethnic-entity ethiopia shankella (* 6 %)) (wfb::ethnic-entity ethiopia somali (* 6 %)) (wfb::ethnic-entity ethiopia afar (* 4 %)) (wfb::ethnic-entity ethiopia gurage (* 2 %)) (wfb::religion ethiopia muslim_45% (* -50 %)) (wfb::religion ethiopia ethiopian_orthodox_35% (* -40 %)) (wfb::religion ethiopia animist (* 12 %)) (wfb::language ethiopia amharic n/a) (wfb::language ethiopia tigrinya n/a) (wfb::language ethiopia orominga n/a) (wfb::language ethiopia guaraginga n/a) (wfb::language ethiopia somali-language-group n/a) (wfb::language ethiopia arabic n/a) (wfb::language ethiopia english n/a) (wfb::literacy-condition ethiopia "age 10 and over can read and write") (wfb::literacy ethiopia total_population (* 24 %)) (wfb::literacy ethiopia male (* 33 %)) (wfb::literacy ethiopia female (* 16 %)) (wfb::total_labor_force ethiopia 1.8e+7) (wfb::labor_force_by_occupation ethiopia agriculture_and_animal_husbandry (* 80 %)) (wfb::labor_force_by_occupation ethiopia government_and_services (* 12 %)) (wfb::labor_force_by_occupation ethiopia industry_and_construction (* 8 %)) (wfb::names ethiopia conventional_short_form "Ethiopia") (wfb::names ethiopia local_short_form "Ityop'iya") (wfb::digraph ethiopia "ET") (type ethiopia "transitional government") (wfb::capital ethiopia addis_ababa-ethiopia) (wfb::national_holiday ethiopia "National Day" date_28_may) (wfb::constitution ethiopia "new constitution promulgated in December 1994") (wfb::legal_system ethiopia "NA") (wfb::suffrage ethiopia (* 18 years_of_age)) (wfb::executive_branch ethiopia chief_of_state "President MELES Zenawi " date_1_jun_1991) (wfb::executive_branch ethiopia head_of_government "Prime Minister TAMIRAT Layne " date_6_jun_1991) (wfb::executive_branch ethiopia cabinet "Council of Ministers") (wfb::legislative_branch ethiopia "Constituent Assembly" "elections were held on 5 June 1994; results - government parties swept almost all seats; in December 1994 the Constituent Assembly ratified the new constitution with few changes; the new constitution prescribes two chambers for the new National Assembly - one which is elected by popular vote and one which represents the ethnic interests of the regional governments") (wfb::judicial_branch ethiopia "Supreme Court") (wfb::political_parties_and_leaders ethiopia "Ethiopian People's Revolutionary Democratic Front (EPRDF), MELES Zenawi;") (wfb::other_political_or_pressure_groups ethiopia "Oromo Liberation Front (OLF); All Amhara People's Organization; Southern Ethiopia People's Democratic Coalition; numerous small, ethnic-based groups have formed since Mengistu's resignation, including several Islamic militant groups") (wfb::member_of ethiopia acp) (wfb::member_of ethiopia afdb) (wfb::member_of ethiopia ccc) (wfb::member_of ethiopia eca) (wfb::member_of ethiopia fao) (wfb::member_of ethiopia g-24) (wfb::member_of ethiopia g-77) (wfb::member_of ethiopia iaea) (wfb::member_of ethiopia ibrd) (wfb::member_of ethiopia icao) (wfb::member_of ethiopia icrm) (wfb::member_of ethiopia ida) (wfb::member_of ethiopia ifad) (wfb::member_of ethiopia ifc) (wfb::member_of ethiopia ifrcs) (wfb::member_of ethiopia igadd) (wfb::member_of ethiopia ilo) (wfb::member_of ethiopia imf) (wfb::member_of ethiopia imo) (wfb::member_of ethiopia intelsat) (wfb::member_of ethiopia interpol) (wfb::member_of ethiopia ioc) (wfb::member_of ethiopia iso) (wfb::member_of ethiopia itu) (wfb::member_of ethiopia nam) (wfb::member_of ethiopia oau) (wfb::member_of ethiopia un) (wfb::member_of ethiopia unctad) (wfb::member_of ethiopia unesco) (wfb::member_of ethiopia unhcr) (wfb::member_of ethiopia unido) (wfb::member_of ethiopia unu) (wfb::member_of ethiopia upu) (wfb::member_of ethiopia wftu) (wfb::member_of ethiopia who) (wfb::member_of ethiopia wmo) (wfb::member_of ethiopia wto) (wfb::diplomatic_representation_in_us ethiopia chief_of_mission "Ambassador BERHANE Gebre-Christos") (wfb::diplomatic_representation_in_us ethiopia chancery "2134 Kalorama Road NW, Washington, DC 20008") (wfb::diplomatic_representation_in_us ethiopia telephone "[1] (202) 234-2281, 2282") (wfb::diplomatic_representation_in_us ethiopia fax "[1] (202) 328-7950") (wfb::us_diplomatic_representation ethiopia chief_of_mission "Ambassador Irvin HICKS") (wfb::us_diplomatic_representation ethiopia embassy "Entoto Street, Addis Ababa") (wfb::us_diplomatic_representation ethiopia mailing_address "P. O. Box 1014, Addis Ababa") (wfb::us_diplomatic_representation ethiopia telephone "[251] (1) 550666") (wfb::us_diplomatic_representation ethiopia fax "[251] (1) 552191") (wfb::flag ethiopia "three equal horizontal bands of green (top), yellow, and red; Ethiopia is the oldest independent country in Africa, and the colors of her flag were so often adopted by other African countries upon independence that they became known as the pan-African colors") (wfb::overview ethiopia "With the independence of Eritrea on 27 April 1993, Ethiopia continues to face difficult economic problems as one of the poorest and least developed countries in Africa. Its economy is based on agriculture, which accounts for about 45% of GDP, 90% of exports, and 80% of total employment; coffee generates 60% of export earnings. The agricultural sector suffers from frequent periods of drought, poor cultivation practices, and deterioration of internal security conditions. The manufacturing sector is heavily dependent on inputs from the agricultural sector. Over 90% of large-scale industry, but less than 10% of agriculture, is state run. The government is considering selling off a portion of state-owned plants, and is implementing reform measures that are gradually liberalizing the economy. A major medium-term problem is the improvement of roads, water supply, and other parts of an infrastructure badly neglected during years of civil strife.") (wfb::national_product ethiopia (* 2.03e+10 $)) (wfb::national_product_real_growth_rate ethiopia (* 3 %)) (wfb::national_product_per_capita ethiopia (* 380 $)) (wfb::|Inflation rate (consumer prices)| ethiopia "10% (FY93/94)") (wfb::unemployment_rate ethiopia (* n/a %)) (wfb::budget ethiopia revenues (* 1.2e+9 $)) (wfb::budget ethiopia expenditures (* 1.7e+9 $)) (wfb::budget ethiopia capital_expenditures (* 7.07e+8 $)) (wfb::exports ethiopia (* 2.198e+8 $)) (wfb::exports ethiopia commodities coffee n/a) (wfb::exports ethiopia commodities leather_products n/a) (wfb::exports ethiopia commodities gold-commodity n/a) (wfb::exports ethiopia partners germany n/a) (wfb::exports ethiopia partners japan n/a) (wfb::exports ethiopia partners saudi_arabia n/a) (wfb::exports ethiopia partners france n/a) (wfb::exports ethiopia partners italy n/a) (wfb::imports ethiopia (* 1.04e+9 $)) (wfb::imports ethiopia commodities capital_goods n/a) (wfb::imports ethiopia commodities consumer_goods n/a) (wfb::imports ethiopia commodities fuel n/a) (wfb::imports ethiopia partners us n/a) (wfb::imports ethiopia partners germany n/a) (wfb::imports ethiopia partners italy n/a) (wfb::imports ethiopia partners saudi_arabia n/a) (wfb::imports ethiopia partners japan n/a) (wfb::external_debt ethiopia (* 3.7e+9 $)) (wfb::industrial_production ethiopia growth_rate (* -3.3 %)) (wfb::industrial_production ethiopia accounts_for (* 12 %_of_gdp)) (wfb::electricity ethiopia capacity (* 460000 kw)) (wfb::electricity ethiopia production (* 1.3e+9 kwh)) (wfb::electricity ethiopia consumption_per_capita (* 23 kwh)) (wfb::industry ethiopia food_processing) (wfb::industry ethiopia beverages-industry) (wfb::industry ethiopia textiles) (wfb::industry ethiopia chemicals) (wfb::industry ethiopia metals_processing) (wfb::industry ethiopia cement) (wfb::agriculture ethiopia "accounts for 45% of GDP; export crops of coffee and oilseeds are grown partly on state farms; estimated 50% of agricultural production is at subsistence level; principal crops and livestock - cereals, pulses, coffee, oilseeds, sugarcane, potatoes and other vegetables, hides and skins, cattle, sheep, goats") (wfb::illicit_drugs ethiopia "transit hub for heroin originating in Southwest and Southeast Asia and destined for Europe and North America as well as cocaine destined for southern African markets; cultivates qat (chat) for local use and regional export") (wfb::economic_aid ethiopia recipient "US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-89), $504 million; Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-89), $3.4 billion; OPEC bilateral aid (1979-89), $8 million; Communist countries (1970-89), $2 billion") (wfb::currency ethiopia birr 100 cents) (wfb::exchange_rates ethiopia "birr (Br) per US$1 - 5.9500 (January 1995), 5.9500 (1994), 5.0000 (fixed rate 1992-93); fixed at 2.070 before 1992; note - official rate pegged to the US$") (wfb::fiscal_year ethiopia date_8_jul date_7_jul) (wfb::railroads ethiopia total "681 km (Ethiopian segment of the Addis Ababa-Djibouti railroad)") (wfb::railroads ethiopia narrow_gauge "681 km 1.000-m gauge") (wfb::highways ethiopia total (* 24127 km)) (wfb::highways ethiopia paved (* 3289 km)) (wfb::highways ethiopia gravel (* 6664 km)) (wfb::highways ethiopia improved_earth (* 1652 km)) (wfb::highways ethiopia unimproved_earth (* 12522 km)) (wfb::merchant_marine ethiopia total "12 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 62,627 GRT/88,909 DWT") (wfb::merchant_marine ethiopia ships_by_type "cargo 8, livestock carrier 1, oil tanker 2, roll-on/roll-off cargo 1") (wfb::airports ethiopia total 98) (wfb::airports ethiopia |with paved runways over 3,047 m| 2) (wfb::airports ethiopia |with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m| 3) (wfb::airports ethiopia |with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m| 2) (wfb::airports ethiopia |with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m| 1) (wfb::airports ethiopia with_paved_runways_under_914_m 24) (wfb::airports ethiopia |with unpaved runways over 3,047 m| 4) (wfb::airports ethiopia |with unpaved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m| 6) (wfb::airports ethiopia |with unpaved runways 1,524 to 2,438 m| 14) (wfb::airports ethiopia |with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m| 42) (wfb::telephone_system ethiopia "NA telephones; open-wire and radio relay system adequate for government use") (wfb::telephone_system ethiopia local "NA") (wfb::telephone_system ethiopia intercity "open wire and microwave radio relay links") (wfb::telephone_system ethiopia international "open-wire to Sudan and Djibouti; microwave radio relay to Kenya and Djibouti; 3 INTELSAT (1 Atlantic Ocean and 2 Pacific Ocean) earth stations") (wfb::radio ethiopia broadcast_stations am 4) (wfb::radio ethiopia broadcast_stations fm 0) (wfb::radio ethiopia broadcast_stations shortwave 0) (wfb::radio ethiopia radios 9000000.0) (wfb::television ethiopia broadcast_stations 1) (wfb::television ethiopia televisions 100000) (wfb::defense_branch ethiopia transitional_government_of_ethiopia_forces_ethiopia) (wfb::defense_branch ethiopia air_force_ethiopia) (wfb::defense_branch ethiopia police_ethiopia) (wfb::manpower_availability ethiopia "males age 15-49 12,658,084; males fit for military service 6,569,759; males reach military age (18) annually 565,976 (1995 est.)") (wfb::defense_expenditures ethiopia (* 1.4e+8 $)) (wfb::defense_expenditures ethiopia (* 4.1 %_of_gdp)))) (gabon ((wfb::location gabon "Western Africa, bordering the Atlantic Ocean at the Equator, between Congo and Equatorial Guinea") (wfb::map_references gabon "Africa") (wfb::area gabon total_area (* 267670 sq_km)) (wfb::area gabon land_area (* 257670 sq_km)) (wfb::area gabon comparative_area "slightly smaller than Colorado") (wfb::borders gabon total (* 2551 km)) (wfb::borders gabon cameroon (* 298 km)) (wfb::borders gabon congo (* 1903 km)) (wfb::borders gabon equatorial_guinea (* 350 km)) (wfb::coastline gabon (* 885 km)) (wfb::maritime_claims gabon contiguous_zone (* 24 nm)) (wfb::maritime_claims gabon exclusive_economic_zone (* 200 nm)) (wfb::maritime_claims gabon territorial_sea (* 12 nm)) (wfb::international_disputes gabon "maritime boundary dispute with Equatorial Guinea because of disputed sovereignty over islands in Corisco Bay") (wfb::climate gabon "tropical") (wfb::climate gabon "always hot, humid") (wfb::terrain gabon "narrow coastal plain") (wfb::terrain gabon "hilly interior") (wfb::terrain gabon "savanna in east and south") (wfb::natural-resource gabon petroleum) (wfb::natural-resource gabon manganese) (wfb::natural-resource gabon uranium) (wfb::natural-resource gabon gold) (wfb::natural-resource gabon timber) (wfb::natural-resource gabon iron_ore) (wfb::land_use gabon arable_land (* 1 %)) (wfb::land_use gabon permanent_crops (* 1 %)) (wfb::land_use gabon meadows_and_pastures (* 18 %)) (wfb::land_use gabon forest_and_woodland (* 78 %)) (wfb::land_use gabon other (* 2 %)) (wfb::irrigated_land gabon (* n/a sq_km)) (wfb::environment gabon current_issues "deforestation") (wfb::environment gabon current_issues "poaching") (wfb::environment gabon natural_hazards "NA") (wfb::environment gabon international_agreements "party to - Endangered Species, Marine Dumping, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Wetlands") (wfb::environment gabon international_agreements "signed, but not ratified - Biodiversity, Climate Change, Law of the Sea, Tropical Timber 94") (wfb::population gabon 1155749) (wfb::age_structure gabon 0-14_years (* 34 %)) (wfb::age_structure_by_sex gabon 0-14_years female 193859) (wfb::age_structure_by_sex gabon 0-14_years male 194761) (wfb::age_structure gabon 15-64_years (* 61 %)) (wfb::age_structure_by_sex gabon 15-64_years female 347839) (wfb::age_structure_by_sex gabon 15-64_years male 359997) (wfb::age_structure gabon 65_years_and_over (* 5 %)) (wfb::age_structure_by_sex gabon 65_years_and_over female 30218) (wfb::age_structure_by_sex gabon 65_years_and_over male 29075) (wfb::population_growth_rate gabon (* 1.46 %)) (wfb::birth_rate gabon (* 28.34 |births/1,000 population|)) (wfb::death_rate gabon (* 13.72 |deaths/1,000 population|)) (wfb::net_migration_rate gabon (* 0 |migrant(s)/1,000 population|)) (wfb::infant_mortality_rate gabon (* 92.4 |deaths/1,000 live births|)) (wfb::life_expectancy_at_birth gabon total_population (* 55.14 years)) (wfb::life_expectancy_at_birth gabon male (* 52.31 years)) (wfb::life_expectancy_at_birth gabon female (* 58.06 years)) (wfb::total_fertility_rate gabon (* 3.93 children_born/woman)) (wfb::nationality gabon noun "Gabonese (singular and plural)") (wfb::nationality gabon adjective "Gabonese") (wfb::ethnic-entity gabon union8 (* 27000 french-measuring-unit)) (wfb::religion gabon christian_55% (* -75 %)) (wfb::religion gabon muslim_less_than (* 1 %)) (wfb::religion gabon animist n/a) (wfb::language gabon french n/a) (wfb::language gabon fang n/a) (wfb::language gabon myene n/a) (wfb::language gabon bateke n/a) (wfb::language gabon bapounou/eschira n/a) (wfb::language gabon bandjabi n/a) (wfb::literacy-condition gabon "age 15 and over can read and write") (wfb::literacy gabon total_population (* 61 %)) (wfb::literacy gabon male (* 74 %)) (wfb::literacy gabon female (* 48 %)) (wfb::labor_force_by_occupation gabon agriculture (* 65.0 %)) (wfb::labor_force_by_occupation gabon industry_and_commerce (* 30.0 %)) (wfb::labor_force_by_occupation gabon services (* 2.5 %)) (wfb::labor_force_by_occupation gabon government (* 2.5 %)) (wfb::names gabon conventional_long_form "Gabonese Republic") (wfb::names gabon conventional_short_form "Gabon") (wfb::names gabon local_long_form "Republique Gabonaise") (wfb::names gabon local_short_form "Gabon") (wfb::digraph gabon "GB") (type gabon "republic; multiparty presidential regime (opposition parties legalized 1990)") (wfb::capital gabon libreville-gabon) (wfb::administrative_divisions gabon adm_div_gabon_provinces 9) (wfb::administrative_division_of gabon adm_div_gabon_provinces "Estuaire") (wfb::administrative_division_of gabon adm_div_gabon_provinces "Haut-Ogooue") (wfb::administrative_division_of gabon adm_div_gabon_provinces "Moyen-Ogooue") (wfb::administrative_division_of gabon adm_div_gabon_provinces "Ngounie") (wfb::administrative_division_of gabon adm_div_gabon_provinces "Nyanga") (wfb::administrative_division_of gabon adm_div_gabon_provinces "Ogooue-Ivindo") (wfb::administrative_division_of gabon adm_div_gabon_provinces "Ogooue-Lolo") (wfb::administrative_division_of gabon adm_div_gabon_provinces "Ogooue-Maritime") (wfb::administrative_division_of gabon adm_div_gabon_provinces "Woleu-Ntem") (wfb::independence gabon date_17_aug_1960 "France") (wfb::national_holiday gabon "Renovation Day" date_12_mar) (wfb::constitution gabon "adopted 14 March 1991") (wfb::legal_system gabon "based on French civil law system and customary law; judicial review of legislative acts in Constitutional Chamber of the Supreme Court; compulsory ICJ jurisdiction not accepted") (wfb::suffrage gabon (* 21 years_of_age)) (wfb::executive_branch gabon chief_of_state "President El Hadj Omar BONGO " date_2_dec_1967) (wfb::executive_branch gabon head_of_government "Prime Minister Paulin OBAME Nguema " date_9_dec_1994) (wfb::executive_branch gabon cabinet "Council of Ministers") (wfb::legislative_structure gabon unicameral n/a) (wfb::legislative_branch gabon "National Assembly (Assemblee Nationale)" "elections last held on 5 December 1993 (next to be held by 1998); results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (120 total) PDG 62, Morena-Bucherons/RNB 19, PGP 18, National Recovery Movement (Morena-Original) 7, APSG 6, USG 4, CRP 1, independents 3") (wfb::judicial_branch gabon "Supreme Court (Cour Supreme)") (wfb::political_parties_and_leaders gabon "Gabonese Democratic Party (PDG, former sole party), Jaques ADIAHENOT, Secretary General; National Recovery Movement - Lumberjacks (Morena-Bucherons/RNB), Fr. Paul M'BA-ABESSOLE, leader; Gabonese Party for Progress (PGP), Pierre-Louis AGONDHO-OKAWE, President; National Recovery Movement (Morena-Original), Pierre ZONGUE-NGUEMA, Chairman; Association for Socialism in Gabon (APSG), leader NA; Gabonese Socialist Union (USG), leader NA; Circle for Renewal and Progress (CRP), leader NA; Union for Democracy and Development (UDD), leader NA; Rally of Democrats (RD), leader NA; Forces of Change for Democratic Union, leader NA") (wfb::member_of gabon acct) (wfb::member_of gabon acp) (wfb::member_of gabon afdb) (wfb::member_of gabon bdeac) (wfb::member_of gabon ccc) (wfb::member_of gabon ceeac) (wfb::member_of gabon eca) (wfb::member_of gabon fao) (wfb::member_of gabon fz) (wfb::member_of gabon g-24) (wfb::member_of gabon g-77) (wfb::member_of gabon gatt) (wfb::member_of gabon iaea) (wfb::member_of gabon ibrd) (wfb::member_of gabon icao) (wfb::member_of gabon icc) (wfb::member_of gabon icftu) (wfb::member_of gabon ida) (wfb::member_of gabon idb) (wfb::member_of gabon ifad) (wfb::member_of gabon ifc) (wfb::member_of gabon ifrcs) (wfb::member_of gabon ilo) (wfb::member_of gabon imf) (wfb::member_of gabon imo) (wfb::member_of gabon inmarsat) (wfb::member_of gabon intelsat) (wfb::member_of gabon interpol) (wfb::member_of gabon ioc) (wfb::member_of gabon itu) (wfb::member_of gabon nam) (wfb::member_of gabon oau) (wfb::member_of gabon oic) (wfb::member_of gabon opec) (wfb::member_of gabon udeac) (wfb::member_of gabon un) (wfb::member_of gabon unctad) (wfb::member_of gabon unesco) (wfb::member_of gabon unido) (wfb::member_of gabon upu) (wfb::member_of gabon wcl) (wfb::member_of gabon who) (wfb::member_of gabon wipo) (wfb::member_of gabon wmo) (wfb::member_of gabon wto) (wfb::diplomatic_representation_in_us gabon chief_of_mission "Ambassador Paul BOUNDOUKOU-LATHA") (wfb::diplomatic_representation_in_us gabon chancery "2233 Wisconsin Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20007, Suite 200") (wfb::diplomatic_representation_in_us gabon telephone "[1] (202) 797-1000") (wfb::us_diplomatic_representation gabon chief_of_mission "Ambassador Joseph C. WILSON IV") (wfb::us_diplomatic_representation gabon embassy "Boulevard de la Mer, Libreville") (wfb::us_diplomatic_representation gabon mailing_address "B. P. 4000, Libreville") (wfb::us_diplomatic_representation gabon telephone "[241] 76 20 03 through 76 20 04, 74 34 92") (wfb::us_diplomatic_representation gabon fax "[241] 74 55 07") (wfb::flag gabon "three equal horizontal bands of green (top), yellow, and blue") (wfb::overview gabon "Notwithstanding its serious ongoing economic problems, Gabon enjoys a per capita income more than twice that of most nations of sub-Saharan Africa. Gabon depended on timber and manganese until oil was discovered offshore in the early 1970s. The oil sector now accounts for 50% of GDP. Real growth was feeble in 1992 and Gabon continues to face the problem of fluctuating prices for its oil, timber, manganese, and uranium exports. Despite an abundance of natural wealth, and a manageable rate of population growth, the economy is hobbled by poor fiscal management. In 1992, the fiscal deficit widened to 2.4% of GDP, and Gabon failed to settle arrears on its bilateral debt, leading to a cancellation of rescheduling agreements with official and private creditors. Devaluation of its Francophone currency by 50% in January 1994 did not set off an expected inflationary spiral but the government must continue to keep a tight reign on spending and wage increases.") (wfb::national_product gabon (* 5.6e+9 $)) (wfb::national_product_real_growth_rate gabon (* 1.9 %)) (wfb::national_product_per_capita gabon (* 4900 $)) (wfb::|Inflation rate (consumer prices)| gabon "35% (1994 est.)") (wfb::unemployment_rate gabon (* n/a %)) (wfb::budget gabon revenues (* 1.3e+9 $)) (wfb::budget gabon expenditures (* 1.6e+9 $)) (wfb::budget gabon capital_expenditures (* 3.11e+8 $)) (wfb::exports gabon (* 2.1e+9 $)) (wfb::exports gabon commodities crude_oil (* 80 %)) (wfb::exports gabon commodities timber-commodity (* 10 %)) (wfb::exports gabon commodities manganese-commodity (* 6 %)) (wfb::exports gabon commodities uranium-commodity (* 2 %)) (wfb::exports gabon partners us (* 38 %)) (wfb::exports gabon partners france (* 26 %)) (wfb::exports gabon partners japan n/a) (wfb::exports gabon partners germany n/a) (wfb::imports gabon (* 8.32e+8 $)) (wfb::imports gabon commodities foodstuffs n/a) (wfb::imports gabon commodities chemical_products n/a) (wfb::imports gabon commodities petroleum_products-commodity n/a) (wfb::imports gabon commodities construction_materials n/a) (wfb::imports gabon commodities manufactures n/a) (wfb::imports gabon commodities machinery n/a) (wfb::imports gabon partners france (* 42 %)) (wfb::imports gabon partners african_countries (* 23 %)) (wfb::imports gabon partners us n/a) (wfb::imports gabon partners japan n/a) (wfb::external_debt gabon (* 3.3e+9 $)) (wfb::industrial_production gabon growth_rate (* -3 %)) (wfb::electricity gabon capacity (* 315000 kw)) (wfb::electricity gabon production (* 9.1e+8 kwh)) (wfb::electricity gabon consumption_per_capita (* 757 kwh)) (wfb::industry gabon food-industry) (wfb::industry gabon beverages-industry) (wfb::industry gabon lumbering) (wfb::industry gabon plywood-industry) (wfb::industry gabon textiles) (wfb::industry gabon cement) (wfb::industry gabon petroleum_refining) (wfb::industry gabon mining_-_manganese) (wfb::industry gabon uranium-industry) (wfb::industry gabon gold-industry) (wfb::industry gabon petroleum-industry) (wfb::agriculture gabon "cash crops - cocoa, coffee, palm oil; livestock raising not developed; importer of food; small fishing operations provide a catch of about 20,000 metric tons; okoume (a tropical softwood) is the most important timber product") (wfb::economic_aid gabon recipient "US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-90), $68 million; Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-90), $2.342 billion; Communist countries (1970-89), $27 million") (wfb::currency gabon cfa_franc 100 centimes) (wfb::exchange_rates gabon "Communaute Financiere Africaine francs (CFAF) per US$1 - 529.43 (January 1995), 555.20 (1994), 283.16 (1993), 264.69 (1992), 282.11 (1991), 272.26 (1990)") (wfb::fiscal_year gabon date_1_jan date_31_dec) (wfb::railroads gabon total "649 km single track (Transgabonese Railroad)") (wfb::railroads gabon standard_gauge "649 km 1.437-m gauge") (wfb::highways gabon total (* 7500 km)) (wfb::highways gabon paved (* 560 km)) (wfb::highways gabon crushed_stone (* 960 km)) (wfb::highways gabon earth (* 5980 km)) (wfb::inland_waterways gabon "1,600 km perennially navigable") (wfb::port gabon cape_lopez-gabon) (wfb::port gabon kango-gabon) (wfb::port gabon lambarene-gabon) (wfb::port gabon libreville-gabon) (wfb::port gabon owendo-gabon) (wfb::port gabon port-gentil-gabon) (wfb::merchant_marine gabon total "1 cargo ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 9,281 GRT/12,665 DWT") (wfb::airports gabon total 69) (wfb::airports gabon |with paved runways over 3,047 m| 1) (wfb::airports gabon |with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m| 1) (wfb::airports gabon |with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m| 7) (wfb::airports gabon |with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m| 1) (wfb::airports gabon with_paved_runways_under_914_m 28) (wfb::airports gabon |with unpaved runways 1,524 to 2,438 m| 8) (wfb::airports gabon |with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m| 23) (wfb::telephone_system gabon "15,000 telephones; telephone density - 13/1,000 persons") (wfb::telephone_system gabon local "NA") (wfb::telephone_system gabon intercity "adequate system, comprising cable, microwave radio relay, tropospheric scatter, radiocommunication stations, and 12 domestic satellite links") (wfb::telephone_system gabon international "3 Atlantic Ocean INTELSAT earth stations") (wfb::radio gabon broadcast_stations am 6) (wfb::radio gabon broadcast_stations fm 6) (wfb::radio gabon broadcast_stations shortwave 0) (wfb::radio gabon radios n/a) (wfb::television gabon broadcast_stations 3) (wfb::television gabon televisions n/a) (wfb::defense_branch gabon army_gabon) (wfb::defense_branch gabon navy_gabon) (wfb::defense_branch gabon air_force_gabon) (wfb::defense_branch gabon presidential_guard_gabon) (wfb::defense_branch gabon national_gendarmerie_gabon) (wfb::defense_branch gabon national_police_gabon) (wfb::manpower_availability gabon "males age 15-49 272,025; males fit for military service 138,197; males reach military age (20) annually 10,516 (1995 est.)") (wfb::defense_expenditures gabon (* 1.54e+8 $)) (wfb::defense_expenditures gabon (* 2.4 %_of_gdp)))) (the_gambia ((wfb::location the_gambia "Western Africa, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean and Senegal") (wfb::map_references the_gambia "Africa") (wfb::area the_gambia total_area (* 11300 sq_km)) (wfb::area the_gambia land_area (* 10000 sq_km)) (wfb::area the_gambia comparative_area "slightly more than twice the size of Delaware") (wfb::borders the_gambia total (* 740 km)) (wfb::borders the_gambia senegal (* 740 km)) (wfb::coastline the_gambia (* 80 km)) (wfb::maritime_claims the_gambia contiguous_zone (* 18 nm)) (wfb::maritime_claims the_gambia exclusive_fishing_zone (* 200 nm)) (wfb::maritime_claims the_gambia territorial_sea (* 12 nm)) (wfb::international_disputes the_gambia "short section of boundary with Senegal is indefinite") (wfb::climate the_gambia "tropical") (wfb::climate the_gambia "hot, rainy season (June to November)") (wfb::climate the_gambia "cooler, dry season (November to May)") (wfb::terrain the_gambia "flood plain of the Gambia River flanked by some low hills") (wfb::natural-resource the_gambia fish) (wfb::land_use the_gambia arable_land (* 16 %)) (wfb::land_use the_gambia permanent_crops (* 0 %)) (wfb::land_use the_gambia meadows_and_pastures (* 9 %)) (wfb::land_use the_gambia forest_and_woodland (* 20 %)) (wfb::land_use the_gambia other (* 55 %)) (wfb::irrigated_land the_gambia (* 120 sq_km)) (wfb::environment the_gambia current_issues "deforestation") (wfb::environment the_gambia current_issues "desertification") (wfb::environment the_gambia current_issues "water-borne diseases prevalent") (wfb::environment the_gambia natural_hazards "rainfall has dropped by 30% in the last thirty years") (wfb::environment the_gambia international_agreements "party to - Biodiversity, Climate Change, Endangered Species, Law of the Sea, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution") (wfb::environment the_gambia international_agreements "signed, but not ratified - Desertification") (wfb::note the_gambia "almost an enclave of Senegal; smallest country on the continent of Africa") (wfb::population the_gambia 989273) (wfb::age_structure the_gambia 0-14_years (* 47 %)) (wfb::age_structure_by_sex the_gambia 0-14_years female 231636) (wfb::age_structure_by_sex the_gambia 0-14_years male 231053) (wfb::age_structure the_gambia 15-64_years (* 51 %)) (wfb::age_structure_by_sex the_gambia 15-64_years female 257329) (wfb::age_structure_by_sex the_gambia 15-64_years male 244947) (wfb::age_structure the_gambia 65_years_and_over (* 2 %)) (wfb::age_structure_by_sex the_gambia 65_years_and_over female 11850) (wfb::age_structure_by_sex the_gambia 65_years_and_over male 12458) (wfb::population_growth_rate the_gambia (* 3.08 %)) (wfb::birth_rate the_gambia (* 45.97 |births/1,000 population|)) (wfb::death_rate the_gambia (* 15.19 |deaths/1,000 population|)) (wfb::net_migration_rate the_gambia (* 0 |migrant(s)/1,000 population|)) (wfb::infant_mortality_rate the_gambia (* 120.8 |deaths/1,000 live births|)) (wfb::life_expectancy_at_birth the_gambia total_population (* 50.55 years)) (wfb::life_expectancy_at_birth the_gambia male (* 48.25 years)) (wfb::life_expectancy_at_birth the_gambia female (* 52.92 years)) (wfb::total_fertility_rate the_gambia (* 6.23 children_born/woman)) (wfb::nationality the_gambia noun "Gambian(s)") (wfb::nationality the_gambia adjective "Gambian") (wfb::ethnic-entity the_gambia african (* 99 %)) (wfb::ethnic-entity the_gambia non-gambian (* 1 %)) (wfb::religion the_gambia muslim (* 90 %)) (wfb::religion the_gambia christian (* 9 %)) (wfb::religion the_gambia indigenous_beliefs (* 1 %)) (wfb::language the_gambia english n/a) (wfb::language the_gambia mandinka n/a) (wfb::language the_gambia wolof n/a) (wfb::language the_gambia fula n/a) (wfb::literacy-condition the_gambia "age 15 and over can read and write") (wfb::literacy the_gambia total_population (* 27 %)) (wfb::literacy the_gambia male (* 39 %)) (wfb::literacy the_gambia female (* 16 %)) (wfb::total_labor_force the_gambia 400000) (wfb::labor_force_by_occupation the_gambia agriculture (* 75.0 %)) (wfb::labor_force_by_occupation the_gambia industry n/a) (wfb::labor_force_by_occupation the_gambia commerce n/a) (wfb::labor_force_by_occupation the_gambia services (* 18.9 %)) (wfb::labor_force_by_occupation the_gambia government (* 6.1 %)) (wfb::names the_gambia conventional_long_form "Republic of The Gambia") (wfb::names the_gambia conventional_short_form "The Gambia") (wfb::digraph the_gambia "GA") (type the_gambia "republic under multiparty democratic rule") (wfb::capital the_gambia banjul-the_gambia) (wfb::administrative_divisions the_gambia adm_div_the_gambia_divisions 5) (wfb::administrative_divisions the_gambia adm_div_the_gambia_city 1) (wfb::administrative_division_of the_gambia adm_div_the_gambia_city "Banjul") (wfb::administrative_division_of the_gambia adm_div_the_gambia_divisions "Lower River") (wfb::administrative_division_of the_gambia adm_div_the_gambia_divisions "MacCarthy Island") (wfb::administrative_division_of the_gambia adm_div_the_gambia_divisions "North Bank") (wfb::administrative_division_of the_gambia adm_div_the_gambia_divisions "Upper River") (wfb::administrative_division_of the_gambia adm_div_the_gambia_divisions "Western") (wfb::national_holiday the_gambia "Independence Day" date_18_feb) (wfb::constitution the_gambia "24 April 1970") (wfb::legal_system the_gambia "based on a composite of English common law, Koranic law, and customary law; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations") (wfb::suffrage the_gambia (* 21 years_of_age)) (wfb::executive_branch the_gambia cabinet "Cabinet") (wfb::legislative_structure the_gambia unicameral n/a) (wfb::legislative_branch the_gambia "House of Representatives" "elections last held on 29 April 1992 (next to be held April 1997); results - PPP 58.1%; seats - (43 total, 36 elected) PPP 30, NCP 6") (wfb::judicial_branch the_gambia "Supreme Court") (wfb::political_parties_and_leaders the_gambia "People's Progressive Party (PPP), Dawda K. JAWARA (in exile), secretary general; National Convention Party (NCP), Sheriff DIBBA (in exile); Gambian People's Party (GPP), Hassan Musa CAMARA; United Party (UP), leader NA; People's Democratic Organization of Independence and Socialism (PDOIS), leader NA; People's Democratic Party (PDP), Jabel SALLAH") (wfb::member_of the_gambia acp) (wfb::member_of the_gambia afdb) (wfb::member_of the_gambia c) (wfb::member_of the_gambia ccc) (wfb::member_of the_gambia eca) (wfb::member_of the_gambia ecowas) (wfb::member_of the_gambia fao) (wfb::member_of the_gambia g-77) (wfb::member_of the_gambia gatt) (wfb::member_of the_gambia ibrd) (wfb::member_of the_gambia icao) (wfb::member_of the_gambia icftu) (wfb::member_of the_gambia icrm) (wfb::member_of the_gambia ida) (wfb::member_of the_gambia idb) (wfb::member_of the_gambia ifad) (wfb::member_of the_gambia ifc) (wfb::member_of the_gambia ifrcs) (wfb::member_of the_gambia imf) (wfb::member_of the_gambia imo) (wfb::member_of the_gambia intelsat) (wfb::member_of the_gambia interpol) (wfb::member_of the_gambia ioc) (wfb::member_of the_gambia itu) (wfb::member_of the_gambia nam) (wfb::member_of the_gambia oau) (wfb::member_of the_gambia oic) (wfb::member_of the_gambia un) (wfb::member_of the_gambia unctad) (wfb::member_of the_gambia unesco) (wfb::member_of the_gambia unido) (wfb::member_of the_gambia upu) (wfb::member_of the_gambia wcl) (wfb::member_of the_gambia wftu) (wfb::member_of the_gambia who) (wfb::member_of the_gambia wipo) (wfb::member_of the_gambia wmo) (wfb::member_of the_gambia wto) (wfb::diplomatic_representation_in_us the_gambia chief_of_mission "(vacant); Charge d'Affaires Aminatta DIBBA") (wfb::diplomatic_representation_in_us the_gambia chancery "Suite 1000, 1155 15th Street NW, Washington, DC 20005") (wfb::diplomatic_representation_in_us the_gambia telephone "[1] (202) 785-1399, 1379, 1425") (wfb::diplomatic_representation_in_us the_gambia fax "[1] (202) 785-1430") (wfb::us_diplomatic_representation the_gambia chief_of_mission "Ambassador Andrew J. WINTER") (wfb::us_diplomatic_representation the_gambia embassy "Fajara, Kairaba Avenue, Banjul") (wfb::us_diplomatic_representation the_gambia mailing_address "P. M. B. No. 19, Banjul") (wfb::us_diplomatic_representation the_gambia telephone "[220] 392856, 392858, 391970, 391971") (wfb::us_diplomatic_representation the_gambia fax "[220] 392475") (wfb::flag the_gambia "three equal horizontal bands of red (top), blue with white edges, and green") (wfb::overview the_gambia "The Gambia has no important mineral or other natural resources and has a limited agricultural base. About 75% of the population is engaged in crop production and livestock raising, which contribute 30% to GDP. Small-scale manufacturing activity - processing peanuts, fish, and hides - accounts for less than 10% of GDP. A sustained structural adjustment program, including a liberalized trade policy, had fostered a respectable 4% rate of growth in recent years. Reexport trade constitutes one-third of economic activity; however, border closures associated with Senegal's monetary crisis in late 1993 led to a halving of reexport trade, reducing government revenues in turn. The 50% devaluation of the CFA franc in January 1994 has made Senegalese goods more competitive and apparently prompted a relaxation of Senegalese controls, paving the way for a comeback in reexports. But overwhelming these developments were the devastating effects of the military's takeover in July 1994. By October, traffic at the Port of Banjul had fallen precipitously as importers nervously scaled back their activities with the commencement of the anticorruption drive by the new regime. Concerned with the growing potential for serious unrest after a countercoup attempt was bloodily put down by the regime, the United Kingdom and the EU in November issued a travelers advisory for The Gambia, which brought a halt to tourism almost immediately. The Gambia faces additional problems in 1995 if, as is likely, economic sanctions by Western governments remain in effect in response to indications that the military regime intends to stay in power far longer than expected by the donors.") (wfb::national_product the_gambia (* 1.0e+9 $)) (wfb::national_product_real_growth_rate the_gambia (* n/a %)) (wfb::national_product_per_capita the_gambia (* 1050 $)) (wfb::|Inflation rate (consumer prices)| the_gambia "6.5% (1993)") (wfb::unemployment_rate the_gambia (* n/a %)) (wfb::budget the_gambia revenues (* 9.4e+7 $)) (wfb::budget the_gambia expenditures (* 8.9e+7 $)) (wfb::budget the_gambia capital_expenditures (* 2.4e+7 $)) (wfb::exports the_gambia (* 8.1e+7 $)) (wfb::exports the_gambia commodities peanuts_and_peanut_products n/a) (wfb::exports the_gambia commodities fish-commodity n/a) (wfb::exports the_gambia commodities cotton_lint-commodity n/a) (wfb::exports the_gambia commodities palm_kernels n/a) (wfb::exports the_gambia partners japan (* 60 %)) (wfb::exports the_gambia partners europe (* 29 %)) (wfb::exports the_gambia partners africa (* 5 %)) (wfb::exports the_gambia partners us (* 1 %)) (wfb::imports the_gambia (* 1.54e+8 $)) (wfb::imports the_gambia commodities foodstuffs n/a) (wfb::imports the_gambia commodities manufactures n/a) (wfb::imports the_gambia commodities raw_materials n/a) (wfb::imports the_gambia commodities fuel n/a) (wfb::imports the_gambia commodities machinery_and_transport_equipment n/a) (wfb::imports the_gambia partners europe (* 57 %)) (wfb::imports the_gambia partners asia (* 25 %)) (wfb::imports the_gambia partners ussr_and_eastern_europe (* 9 %)) (wfb::imports the_gambia partners us (* 6 %)) (wfb::external_debt the_gambia (* 2.86e+8 $)) (wfb::industrial_production the_gambia growth_rate (* 6.7 %)) (wfb::electricity the_gambia capacity (* 30000 kw)) (wfb::electricity the_gambia production (* 7.0e+7 kwh)) (wfb::electricity the_gambia consumption_per_capita (* 64 kwh)) (wfb::industry the_gambia peanut_processing) (wfb::industry the_gambia tourism) (wfb::industry the_gambia beverages-industry) (wfb::industry the_gambia agricultural_machinery_assembly) (wfb::industry the_gambia woodworking) (wfb::industry the_gambia metalworking) (wfb::industry the_gambia clothing) (wfb::agriculture the_gambia "accounts for 30% of GDP; one-third of food requirements is imported; major export crop is peanuts; other principal crops - millet, sorghum, rice, corn, cassava, palm kernels; livestock - cattle, sheep, goats; forestry and fishing resources not fully exploited") (wfb::economic_aid the_gambia recipient "US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-89), $93 million; Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-89), $535 million; Communist countries (1970-89), $39 million") (wfb::currency the_gambia dalasi 100 butut) (wfb::exchange_rates the_gambia "dalasi (D) per US$1 - 9.565 (January 1995), 9.576 (1994), 9.129 (1993), 8.888 (1992), 8.803 (1991), 7.883 (1990)") (wfb::fiscal_year the_gambia date_1_jul date_30_jun) (wfb::railroads the_gambia "0 km") (wfb::highways the_gambia total (* 3083 km)) (wfb::highways the_gambia paved (* 431 km)) (wfb::highways the_gambia (union gravel crushed_stone) (* 501 km)) (wfb::highways the_gambia unimproved_earth (* 2151 km)) (wfb::inland_waterways the_gambia "400 km") (wfb::port the_gambia banjul-the_gambia) (wfb::merchant_marine the_gambia total "1 bulk ship (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 11,194 GRT/19,394 DWT") (wfb::airports the_gambia total 1) (wfb::airports the_gambia |with paved runways over 3,047 m| 1) (wfb::telephone_system the_gambia "3,500 telephones; telephone density - 4 telephones/1,000 persons") (wfb::telephone_system the_gambia local "NA") (wfb::telephone_system the_gambia intercity "adequate network of radio relay and wire") (wfb::telephone_system the_gambia international "1 Atlantic Ocean INTELSAT earth station") (wfb::radio the_gambia broadcast_stations am 3) (wfb::radio the_gambia broadcast_stations fm 2) (wfb::radio the_gambia broadcast_stations shortwave 0) (wfb::radio the_gambia radios n/a) (wfb::television the_gambia broadcast_stations n/a) (wfb::television the_gambia televisions n/a) (wfb::defense_branch the_gambia army_the_gambia) (wfb::defense_branch the_gambia navy_the_gambia) (wfb::defense_branch the_gambia national_police_the_gambia) (wfb::manpower_availability the_gambia "males age 15-49 214,680; males fit for military service 108,659 (1995 est.)") (wfb::defense_expenditures the_gambia (* 1.4e+7 $)) (wfb::defense_expenditures the_gambia (* 3.8 %_of_gdp)))) (ghana ((wfb::location ghana "Western Africa, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean, between Cote d'Ivoire and Togo") (wfb::map_references ghana "Africa") (wfb::area ghana total_area (* 238540 sq_km)) (wfb::area ghana land_area (* 230020 sq_km)) (wfb::area ghana comparative_area "slightly smaller than Oregon") (wfb::borders ghana total (* 2093 km)) (wfb::borders ghana burkina (* 548 km)) (wfb::borders ghana |Cote d'Ivoire| (* 668 km)) (wfb::borders ghana togo (* 877 km)) (wfb::coastline ghana (* 539 km)) (wfb::maritime_claims ghana contiguous_zone (* 24 nm)) (wfb::maritime_claims ghana continental_shelf (* 200 nm)) (wfb::maritime_claims ghana exclusive_economic_zone (* 200 nm)) (wfb::maritime_claims ghana territorial_sea (* 12 nm)) (wfb::international_disputes ghana "none") (wfb::climate ghana "tropical") (wfb::climate ghana "warm and comparatively dry along southeast coast") (wfb::climate ghana "hot and humid in southwest") (wfb::climate ghana "hot and dry in north") (wfb::terrain ghana "mostly low plains with dissected plateau in south-central area") (wfb::natural-resource ghana gold) (wfb::natural-resource ghana timber) (wfb::natural-resource ghana industrial_diamonds) (wfb::natural-resource ghana bauxite) (wfb::natural-resource ghana manganese) (wfb::natural-resource ghana fish) (wfb::natural-resource ghana rubber-natural-resource) (wfb::land_use ghana arable_land (* 5 %)) (wfb::land_use ghana permanent_crops (* 7 %)) (wfb::land_use ghana meadows_and_pastures (* 15 %)) (wfb::land_use ghana forest_and_woodland (* 37 %)) (wfb::land_use ghana other (* 36 %)) (wfb::irrigated_land ghana (* 80 sq_km)) (wfb::environment ghana current_issues "recent drought in north severely affecting agricultural activities") (wfb::environment ghana current_issues "deforestation") (wfb::environment ghana current_issues "overgrazing") (wfb::environment ghana current_issues "soil erosion") (wfb::environment ghana current_issues "poaching and habitat destruction threatens wildlife populations") (wfb::environment ghana current_issues "water pollution") (wfb::environment ghana current_issues "inadequate supplies of potable water") (wfb::environment ghana natural_hazards "dry, dusty, harmattan winds occur from January to March") (wfb::environment ghana natural_hazards "droughts") (wfb::environment ghana international_agreements "party to - Biodiversity, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Law of the Sea, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Wetlands") (wfb::environment ghana international_agreements "signed, but not ratified - Climate Change, Desertification, Marine Life Conservation") (wfb::note ghana "Lake Volta is the world's largest artificial lake; northeasterly harmattan wind (January to March)") (wfb::population ghana 17763138) (wfb::age_structure ghana 0-14_years (* 46 %)) (wfb::age_structure_by_sex ghana 0-14_years female 4030154) (wfb::age_structure_by_sex ghana 0-14_years male 4069945) (wfb::age_structure ghana 15-64_years (* 51 %)) (wfb::age_structure_by_sex ghana 15-64_years female 4638451) (wfb::age_structure_by_sex ghana 15-64_years male 4494533) (wfb::age_structure ghana 65_years_and_over (* 3 %)) (wfb::age_structure_by_sex ghana 65_years_and_over female 276186) (wfb::age_structure_by_sex ghana 65_years_and_over male 253869) (wfb::population_growth_rate ghana (* 3.06 %)) (wfb::birth_rate ghana (* 43.57 |births/1,000 population|)) (wfb::death_rate ghana (* 12.02 |deaths/1,000 population|)) (wfb::net_migration_rate ghana (* -0.94 |migrant(s)/1,000 population|)) (wfb::infant_mortality_rate ghana (* 81.7 |deaths/1,000 live births|)) (wfb::life_expectancy_at_birth ghana total_population (* 55.85 years)) (wfb::life_expectancy_at_birth ghana male (* 53.88 years)) (wfb::life_expectancy_at_birth ghana female (* 57.88 years)) (wfb::total_fertility_rate ghana (* 6.09 children_born/woman)) (wfb::nationality ghana noun "Ghanaian(s)") (wfb::nationality ghana adjective "Ghanaian") (wfb::ethnic-entity ghana black_african (* 99.8 %)) (wfb::ethnic-entity ghana european_and_other (* 0.2 %)) (wfb::religion ghana indigenous_beliefs (* 38 %)) (wfb::religion ghana muslim (* 30 %)) (wfb::religion ghana christian (* 24 %)) (wfb::language ghana english n/a) (wfb::language ghana african_languages n/a) (wfb::literacy-condition ghana "age 15 and over can read and write") (wfb::literacy ghana total_population (* 60 %)) (wfb::literacy ghana male (* 70 %)) (wfb::literacy ghana female (* 51 %)) (wfb::total_labor_force ghana 3700000.0) (wfb::labor_force_by_occupation ghana agriculture_and_fishing (* 54.7 %)) (wfb::labor_force_by_occupation ghana industry (* 18.7 %)) (wfb::labor_force_by_occupation ghana sales_and_clerical (* 15.2 %)) (wfb::labor_force_by_occupation ghana services n/a) (wfb::labor_force_by_occupation ghana transportation n/a) (wfb::labor_force_by_occupation ghana communications (* 7.7 %)) (wfb::labor_force_by_occupation ghana professional (* 3.7 %)) (wfb::names ghana conventional_long_form "Republic of Ghana") (wfb::names ghana conventional_short_form "Ghana") (wfb::names ghana former "Gold Coast") (wfb::digraph ghana "GH") (type ghana "constitutional democracy") (wfb::capital ghana accra-ghana) (wfb::administrative_divisions ghana adm_div_ghana_regions 10) (wfb::administrative_division_of ghana adm_div_ghana_regions "Ashanti") (wfb::administrative_division_of ghana adm_div_ghana_regions "Brong-Ahafo") (wfb::administrative_division_of ghana adm_div_ghana_regions "Central") (wfb::administrative_division_of ghana adm_div_ghana_regions "Eastern") (wfb::administrative_division_of ghana adm_div_ghana_regions "Greater Accra") (wfb::administrative_division_of ghana adm_div_ghana_regions "Northern") (wfb::administrative_division_of ghana adm_div_ghana_regions "Upper East") (wfb::administrative_division_of ghana adm_div_ghana_regions "Upper West") (wfb::administrative_division_of ghana adm_div_ghana_regions "Volta") (wfb::administrative_division_of ghana adm_div_ghana_regions "Western") (wfb::independence ghana date_6_mar_1957 "UK") (wfb::national_holiday ghana "Independence Day" date_6_mar) (wfb::constitution ghana "new constitution approved 28 April 1992") (wfb::legal_system ghana "based on English common law and customary law; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction") (wfb::suffrage ghana (* 18 years_of_age)) (wfb::executive_branch ghana cabinet "Cabinet") (wfb::legislative_structure ghana unicameral n/a) (wfb::legislative_branch ghana "National Assembly" "elections last held 29 December 1992 (next to be held December 1996); results - opposition boycotted the election; the National Democratic Congress won 198 0f 200 total seats and independents won 2") (wfb::judicial_branch ghana "Supreme Court") (wfb::political_parties_and_leaders ghana "National Democratic Congress, Jerry John RAWLINGS; New Patriotic Party, Albert Adu BOAHEN; People's Heritage Party, Alex ERSKINE; various other smaller parties") (wfb::member_of ghana acp) (wfb::member_of ghana afdb) (wfb::member_of ghana c) (wfb::member_of ghana ccc) (wfb::member_of ghana eca) (wfb::member_of ghana ecowas) (wfb::member_of ghana fao) (wfb::member_of ghana g-24) (wfb::member_of ghana g-77) (wfb::member_of ghana gatt) (wfb::member_of ghana iaea) (wfb::member_of ghana ibrd) (wfb::member_of ghana icao) (wfb::member_of ghana icftu) (wfb::member_of ghana icrm) (wfb::member_of ghana ida) (wfb::member_of ghana ifad) (wfb::member_of ghana ifc) (wfb::member_of ghana ifrcs) (wfb::member_of ghana ilo) (wfb::member_of ghana imf) (wfb::member_of ghana imo) (wfb::member_of ghana intelsat) (wfb::member_of ghana interpol) (wfb::member_of ghana ioc) (wfb::member_of ghana iom) (wfb::member_of ghana itu) (wfb::member_of ghana minurso) (wfb::member_of ghana nam) (wfb::member_of ghana oau) (wfb::member_of ghana un) (wfb::member_of ghana unamir) (wfb::member_of ghana unctad) (wfb::member_of ghana unesco) (wfb::member_of ghana unido) (wfb::member_of ghana unifil) (wfb::member_of ghana unikom) (wfb::member_of ghana unprofor) (wfb::member_of ghana unu) (wfb::member_of ghana upu) (wfb::member_of ghana wcl) (wfb::member_of ghana wftu) (wfb::member_of ghana who) (wfb::member_of ghana wipo) (wfb::member_of ghana wmo) (wfb::member_of ghana wto) (wfb::diplomatic_representation_in_us ghana chief_of_mission "Ambassador Ekwow SPIO-GARBRAH") (wfb::diplomatic_representation_in_us ghana chancery "3512 International Drive NW, Washington, DC 20008") (wfb::diplomatic_representation_in_us ghana telephone "[1] (202) 686-4520") (wfb::diplomatic_representation_in_us ghana fax "[1] (202) 686-4527") (wfb::diplomatic_representation_in_us ghana |consulate(s) general| "New York") (wfb::us_diplomatic_representation ghana chief_of_mission "Ambassador Kenneth L. BROWN (scheduled to leave in June 1995)") (wfb::us_diplomatic_representation ghana embassy "Ring Road East, East of Danquah Circle, Accra") (wfb::us_diplomatic_representation ghana mailing_address "P. O. Box 194, Accra") (wfb::us_diplomatic_representation ghana telephone "[233] (21) 775348, 775349, 775297, 775298") (wfb::us_diplomatic_representation ghana fax "[233] (21) 776008") (wfb::flag ghana "three equal horizontal bands of red (top), yellow, and green with a large black five-pointed star centered in the gold band; uses the popular pan-African colors of Ethiopia; similar to the flag of Bolivia, which has a coat of arms centered in the yellow band") (wfb::overview ghana "Well endowed with natural resources, Ghana is relatively well off, having twice the per capita output of the poorer countries in West Africa. Heavily reliant on international assistance, Ghana has made steady progress in liberalizing its economy since 1983. Overall growth continued at a rate of approximately 5% in 1994, due largely to increased gold, timber, and cocoa production - major sources of foreign exchange. The economy, however, continues to revolve around subsistence agriculture, which accounts for 45% of GDP and employs 55% of the work force, mainly small landholders. Public sector wage increases, regional peacekeeping commitments, and the containment of internal unrest in the underdeveloped north have placed substantial demands on the government's budget and have led to inflationary deficit financing and a 27% depreciation of the cedi in 1994.") (wfb::national_product ghana (* 2.26e+10 $)) (wfb::national_product_real_growth_rate ghana (* 5 %)) (wfb::national_product_per_capita ghana (* 1310 $)) (wfb::|Inflation rate (consumer prices)| ghana "25% (1993 est.)") (wfb::unemployment_rate ghana (* 10 %)) (wfb::budget ghana revenues (* 1.05e+9 $)) (wfb::budget ghana expenditures (* 1.2e+9 $)) (wfb::budget ghana capital_expenditures (* 1.78e+8 $)) (wfb::exports ghana (* 1.0e+9 $)) (wfb::exports ghana commodities cocoa (* 40 %)) (wfb::exports ghana commodities gold-commodity n/a) (wfb::exports ghana commodities timber-commodity n/a) (wfb::exports ghana commodities tuna n/a) (wfb::exports ghana commodities bauxite-commodity n/a) (wfb::exports ghana commodities aluminum n/a) (wfb::exports ghana partners germany (* 31 %)) (wfb::exports ghana partners us (* 12 %)) (wfb::exports ghana partners uk (* 11 %)) (wfb::exports ghana partners netherlands (* 6 %)) (wfb::exports ghana partners japan (* 5 %)) (wfb::imports ghana (* 1.7e+9 $)) (wfb::imports ghana commodities petroleum-commodity (* 16 %)) (wfb::imports ghana commodities consumer_goods n/a) (wfb::imports ghana commodities foods-commodity n/a) (wfb::imports ghana commodities intermediate_goods n/a) (wfb::imports ghana commodities capital_equipment n/a) (wfb::imports ghana partners uk (* 22 %)) (wfb::imports ghana partners us (* 11 %)) (wfb::imports ghana partners germany (* 9 %)) (wfb::imports ghana partners japan (* 6 %)) (wfb::external_debt ghana (* 4.6e+9 $)) (wfb::electricity ghana capacity (* 1180000 kw)) (wfb::electricity ghana production (* 6.0999997e+9 kwh)) (wfb::electricity ghana consumption_per_capita (* 323 kwh)) (wfb::industry ghana mining) (wfb::industry ghana lumbering) (wfb::industry ghana light_manufacturing) (wfb::industry ghana aluminum-industry) (wfb::industry ghana food_processing) (wfb::agriculture ghana "accounts for almost 50% of GDP (including fishing and forestry); the major cash crop is cocoa; other principal crops - rice, coffee, cassava, peanuts, corn, shea nuts, timber; normally self-sufficient in food") (wfb::illicit_drugs ghana "illicit producer of cannabis for the international drug trade; transit hub for Southwest and Southeast Asian heroin destined for Europe and the US") (wfb::economic_aid ghana recipient "US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-89), $455 million; Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-89), $2.6 billion; OPEC bilateral aid (1979-89), $78 million; Communist countries (1970-89) $106 million") (wfb::currency ghana new_cedi 100 pesewas) (wfb::exchange_rates ghana "new cedis per US$1 - 1,046.74 (December 1994), 936.71 (1994), 649.06 (1993), 437.09 (1992), 367.83 (1991), 326.33 (1990)") (wfb::fiscal_year ghana date_1_jan date_31_dec) (wfb::railroads ghana total "953 km; note - undergoing major renovation") (wfb::railroads ghana narrow_gauge "953 km 1.067-m gauge (32 km double track)") (wfb::highways ghana total (* 32250 km)) (wfb::highways ghana (union concrete bituminous) (* 6084 km)) (wfb::highways ghana (union gravel crushed_stone improved_earth) (* 26166 km)) (wfb::inland_waterways ghana "Volta, Ankobra, and Tano Rivers provide 168 km of perennial navigation for launches and lighters; Lake Volta provides 1,125 km of arterial and feeder waterways") (wfb::port ghana takoradi-ghana) (wfb::port ghana tema-ghana) (wfb::merchant_marine ghana total "3 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 27,427 GRT/35,894 DWT") (wfb::merchant_marine ghana ships_by_type "cargo 2, refrigerated cargo 1") (wfb::airports ghana total 12) (wfb::airports ghana |with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m| 3) (wfb::airports ghana |with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m| 1) (wfb::airports ghana |with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m| 2) (wfb::airports ghana with_paved_runways_under_914_m 2) (wfb::airports ghana |with unpaved runways 1,524 to 2,438 m| 2) (wfb::airports ghana |with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m| 2) (wfb::telephone_system ghana "42,300 telephones; poor to fair system; telephone density - 2.4/1,000 persons") (wfb::telephone_system ghana local "NA") (wfb::telephone_system ghana intercity "primarily microwave radio relay") (wfb::telephone_system ghana international "1 Atlantic Ocean INTELSAT earth station") (wfb::radio ghana broadcast_stations am 4) (wfb::radio ghana broadcast_stations fm 1) (wfb::radio ghana broadcast_stations shortwave 0) (wfb::radio ghana radios n/a) (wfb::television ghana broadcast_stations 4) (wfb::television ghana televisions n/a) (wfb::defense_branch ghana army_ghana) (wfb::defense_branch ghana navy_ghana) (wfb::defense_branch ghana air_force_ghana) (wfb::defense_branch ghana police_force_ghana) (wfb::defense_branch ghana palace_guard_ghana) (wfb::defense_branch ghana civil_defense_ghana) (wfb::manpower_availability ghana "males age 15-49 3,975,767; males fit for military service 2,217,032; males reach military age (18) annually 170,723 (1995 est.)") (wfb::defense_expenditures ghana (* 1.08e+8 $)) (wfb::defense_expenditures ghana (* 1.5 %_of_gdp)))) (guinea ((wfb::location guinea "Western Africa, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean, between Guinea-Bissau and Sierra Leone") (wfb::map_references guinea "Africa") (wfb::area guinea total_area (* 245860 sq_km)) (wfb::area guinea land_area (* 245860 sq_km)) (wfb::area guinea comparative_area "slightly smaller than Oregon") (wfb::borders guinea total (* 3399 km)) (wfb::borders guinea guinea-bissau (* 386 km)) (wfb::borders guinea |Cote d'Ivoire| (* 610 km)) (wfb::borders guinea liberia (* 563 km)) (wfb::borders guinea mali (* 858 km)) (wfb::borders guinea senegal (* 330 km)) (wfb::borders guinea sierra_leone (* 652 km)) (wfb::coastline guinea (* 320 km)) (wfb::maritime_claims guinea exclusive_economic_zone (* 200 nm)) (wfb::maritime_claims guinea territorial_sea (* 12 nm)) (wfb::international_disputes guinea "none") (wfb::climate guinea "generally hot and humid") (wfb::climate guinea "monsoonal-type rainy season (June to November) with southwesterly winds") (wfb::climate guinea "dry season (December to May) with northeasterly harmattan winds") (wfb::terrain guinea "generally flat coastal plain, hilly to mountainous interior") (wfb::natural-resource guinea bauxite) (wfb::natural-resource guinea iron_ore) (wfb::natural-resource guinea diamonds) (wfb::natural-resource guinea gold) (wfb::natural-resource guinea uranium) (wfb::natural-resource guinea hydropower-natural-resource) (wfb::natural-resource guinea fish) (wfb::land_use guinea arable_land (* 6 %)) (wfb::land_use guinea permanent_crops (* 0 %)) (wfb::land_use guinea meadows_and_pastures (* 12 %)) (wfb::land_use guinea forest_and_woodland (* 42 %)) (wfb::land_use guinea other (* 40 %)) (wfb::irrigated_land guinea (* 240 sq_km)) (wfb::environment guinea current_issues "deforestation") (wfb::environment guinea current_issues "inadequate supplies of potable water") (wfb::environment guinea current_issues "desertification") (wfb::environment guinea current_issues "soil contamination and erosion") (wfb::environment guinea current_issues "overfishing") (wfb::environment guinea natural_hazards "hot, dry, dusty harmattan haze may reduce visibility during dry season") (wfb::environment guinea international_agreements "party to - Biodiversity, Climate Change, Endangered Species, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands") (wfb::environment guinea international_agreements "signed, but not ratified - Desertification") (wfb::population guinea 6549336) (wfb::age_structure guinea 0-14_years (* 44 %)) (wfb::age_structure_by_sex guinea 0-14_years female 1450501) (wfb::age_structure_by_sex guinea 0-14_years male 1448164) (wfb::age_structure guinea 15-64_years (* 53 %)) (wfb::age_structure_by_sex guinea 15-64_years female 1784420) (wfb::age_structure_by_sex guinea 15-64_years male 1691502) (wfb::age_structure guinea 65_years_and_over (* 3 %)) (wfb::age_structure_by_sex guinea 65_years_and_over female 102735) (wfb::age_structure_by_sex guinea 65_years_and_over male 72014) (wfb::population_growth_rate guinea (* 2.43 %)) (wfb::birth_rate guinea (* 43.43 |births/1,000 population|)) (wfb::death_rate guinea (* 19.13 |deaths/1,000 population|)) (wfb::net_migration_rate guinea (* n/a |migrant(s)/1,000 population|)) (wfb::infant_mortality_rate guinea (* 136.6 |deaths/1,000 live births|)) (wfb::life_expectancy_at_birth guinea total_population (* 44.6 years)) (wfb::life_expectancy_at_birth guinea male (* 42.31 years)) (wfb::life_expectancy_at_birth guinea female (* 46.95 years)) (wfb::total_fertility_rate guinea (* 5.79 children_born/woman)) (wfb::nationality guinea noun "Guinean(s)") (wfb::nationality guinea adjective "Guinean") (wfb::ethnic-entity guinea peuhl (* 40 %)) (wfb::ethnic-entity guinea malinke (* 30 %)) (wfb::ethnic-entity guinea soussou (* 20 %)) (wfb::ethnic-entity guinea smaller_tribes (* 10 %)) (wfb::religion guinea muslim (* 85 %)) (wfb::religion guinea christian (* 8 %)) (wfb::religion guinea indigenous_beliefs (* 7 %)) (wfb::language guinea french n/a) (wfb::language guinea each_tribe_has_its_own_language n/a) (wfb::literacy-condition guinea "age 15 and over can read and write") (wfb::literacy guinea total_population (* 24 %)) (wfb::literacy guinea male (* 35 %)) (wfb::literacy guinea female (* 13 %)) (wfb::total_labor_force guinea 2400000.0) (wfb::labor_force_by_occupation guinea agriculture (* 80.0 %)) (wfb::labor_force_by_occupation guinea industry_and_commerce (* 11.0 %)) (wfb::labor_force_by_occupation guinea services (* 5.4 %)) (wfb::labor_force_by_occupation guinea civil_servants (* 3.6 %)) (wfb::names guinea conventional_long_form "Republic of Guinea") (wfb::names guinea conventional_short_form "Guinea") (wfb::names guinea local_long_form "Republique de Guinee") (wfb::names guinea local_short_form "Guinee") (wfb::names guinea former "French Guinea") (wfb::digraph guinea "GV") (type guinea "republic") (wfb::capital guinea conakry-guinea) (wfb::administrative_divisions guinea adm_div_guinea_administrative_regions 33) (wfb::administrative_division_of guinea adm_div_guinea_administrative_regions "Beyla") (wfb::administrative_division_of guinea adm_div_guinea_administrative_regions "Boffa") (wfb::administrative_division_of guinea adm_div_guinea_administrative_regions "Boke") (wfb::administrative_division_of guinea adm_div_guinea_administrative_regions "Conakry") (wfb::administrative_division_of guinea adm_div_guinea_administrative_regions "Coyah") (wfb::administrative_division_of guinea adm_div_guinea_administrative_regions "Dabola") (wfb::administrative_division_of guinea adm_div_guinea_administrative_regions "Dalaba") (wfb::administrative_division_of guinea adm_div_guinea_administrative_regions "Dinguiraye") (wfb::administrative_division_of guinea adm_div_guinea_administrative_regions "Faranah") (wfb::administrative_division_of guinea adm_div_guinea_administrative_regions "Forecariah") (wfb::administrative_division_of guinea adm_div_guinea_administrative_regions "Fria") (wfb::administrative_division_of guinea adm_div_guinea_administrative_regions "Gaoual") (wfb::administrative_division_of guinea adm_div_guinea_administrative_regions "Gueckedou") (wfb::administrative_division_of guinea adm_div_guinea_administrative_regions "Kankan") (wfb::administrative_division_of guinea adm_div_guinea_administrative_regions "Kerouane") (wfb::administrative_division_of guinea adm_div_guinea_administrative_regions "Kindia") (wfb::administrative_division_of guinea adm_div_guinea_administrative_regions "Kissidougou") (wfb::administrative_division_of guinea adm_div_guinea_administrative_regions "Koubia") (wfb::administrative_division_of guinea adm_div_guinea_administrative_regions "Koundara") (wfb::administrative_division_of guinea adm_div_guinea_administrative_regions "Kouroussa") (wfb::administrative_division_of guinea adm_div_guinea_administrative_regions "Labe") (wfb::administrative_division_of guinea adm_div_guinea_administrative_regions "Lelouma") (wfb::administrative_division_of guinea adm_div_guinea_administrative_regions "Lola") (wfb::administrative_division_of guinea adm_div_guinea_administrative_regions "Macenta") (wfb::administrative_division_of guinea adm_div_guinea_administrative_regions "Mali") (wfb::administrative_division_of guinea adm_div_guinea_administrative_regions "Mamou") (wfb::administrative_division_of guinea adm_div_guinea_administrative_regions "Mandiana") (wfb::administrative_division_of guinea adm_div_guinea_administrative_regions "Nzerekore") (wfb::administrative_division_of guinea adm_div_guinea_administrative_regions "Pita") (wfb::administrative_division_of guinea adm_div_guinea_administrative_regions "Siguiri") (wfb::administrative_division_of guinea adm_div_guinea_administrative_regions "Telimele") (wfb::administrative_division_of guinea adm_div_guinea_administrative_regions "Tougue") (wfb::administrative_division_of guinea adm_div_guinea_administrative_regions "Yomou") (wfb::independence guinea date_2_oct_1958 "France") (wfb::national_holiday guinea "Anniversary of the Second Republic" date_3_apr) (wfb::constitution guinea "23 December 1990 (Loi Fundamentale)") (wfb::legal_system guinea "based on French civil law system, customary law, and decree; legal codes currently being revised; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction") (wfb::suffrage guinea (* 18 years_of_age)) (wfb::executive_branch guinea chief_of_state "President Lansana CONTE, elected in the first multi-party election 19 December 1993" n/a) (wfb::executive_branch guinea head_of_government "President Lansana CONTE, elected in the first multi-party election 19 December 1993" n/a) (wfb::executive_branch guinea cabinet "Council of Ministers") (wfb::legislative_structure guinea unicameral n/a) (wfb::legislative_branch guinea "People's National Assembly (Assemblee Nationale Populaire)" "the People's National Assembly was dissolved after the 3 April 1984 coup; framework established in December 1991 for a new National Assembly with 114 seats; legislative elections, tentatively scheduled for 1994, were not held and are now rescheduled for 11 June 1995") (wfb::judicial_branch guinea "Court of Appeal (Cour d'Appel)") (wfb::political_parties_and_leaders guinea "political parties were legalized on 1 April 1992") (wfb::political_parties_and_leaders guinea pro-government "Party for Unity and Progress (PUP)") (wfb::political_parties_and_leaders guinea other "Rally for the Guinean People (RPG), Alpha CONDE; Union for a New Republic (UNR), Mamadou BAH; Party for Renewal and Progress (PRP), Siradiou DIALLO; Movement of Patriotic Democrats (MDP), Ahmed Tidiane CISSE") (wfb::member_of guinea acct) (wfb::member_of guinea acp) (wfb::member_of guinea afdb) (wfb::member_of guinea ccc) (wfb::member_of guinea ceao) (wfb::member_of guinea eca) (wfb::member_of guinea ecowas) (wfb::member_of guinea fao) (wfb::member_of guinea g-77) (wfb::member_of guinea ibrd) (wfb::member_of guinea icao) (wfb::member_of guinea icrm) (wfb::member_of guinea ida) (wfb::member_of guinea idb) (wfb::member_of guinea ifad) (wfb::member_of guinea ifc) (wfb::member_of guinea ifrcs) (wfb::member_of guinea ilo) (wfb::member_of guinea imf) (wfb::member_of guinea imo) (wfb::member_of guinea intelsat) (wfb::member_of guinea interpol) (wfb::member_of guinea ioc) (wfb::member_of guinea itu) (wfb::member_of guinea minurso) (wfb::member_of guinea nam) (wfb::member_of guinea oau) (wfb::member_of guinea oic) (wfb::member_of guinea un) (wfb::member_of guinea unctad) (wfb::member_of guinea unesco) (wfb::member_of guinea unido) (wfb::member_of guinea upu) (wfb::member_of guinea wcl) (wfb::member_of guinea wftu) (wfb::member_of guinea who) (wfb::member_of guinea wipo) (wfb::member_of guinea wmo) (wfb::member_of guinea wto) (wfb::diplomatic_representation_in_us guinea chief_of_mission "Ambassador Elhadj Boubacar BARRY") (wfb::diplomatic_representation_in_us guinea chancery "2112 Leroy Place NW, Washington, DC 20008") (wfb::diplomatic_representation_in_us guinea telephone "[1] (202) 483-9420") (wfb::diplomatic_representation_in_us guinea fax "[1] (202) 483-8688") (wfb::us_diplomatic_representation guinea chief_of_mission "Ambassador Joseph A. SALOOM III") (wfb::us_diplomatic_representation guinea embassy "2nd Boulevard and 9th Avenue, Conakry") (wfb::us_diplomatic_representation guinea mailing_address "B. P. 603, Conakry") (wfb::us_diplomatic_representation guinea telephone "[224] 44 15 20 through 44 15 23") (wfb::us_diplomatic_representation guinea fax "[224] 44 15 22") (wfb::flag guinea "three equal vertical bands of red (hoist side), yellow, and green; uses the popular pan-African colors of Ethiopia; similar to the flag of Rwanda, which has a large black letter R centered in the yellow band") (wfb::overview guinea "Although possessing major mineral and hydropower resources and considerable potential for agricultural development, Guinea remains one of the poorest countries in the world. The agricultural sector contributes about 40% to GDP and employs 80% of the work force, while industry accounts for 27% of GDP. Guinea possesses over 25% of the world's bauxite reserves. The mining sector accounted for 85% of exports in 1991. Long-run improvements in literacy, financial institutions, and the legal framework are needed if the country is to move out of poverty. Except in the bauxite industry, foreign investment remains minimal.") (wfb::national_product guinea (* 6.3000003e+9 $)) (wfb::national_product_real_growth_rate guinea (* 0.8 %)) (wfb::national_product_per_capita guinea (* 980 $)) (wfb::|Inflation rate (consumer prices)| guinea "16.6% (1992 est.)") (wfb::unemployment_rate guinea (* n/a %)) (wfb::budget guinea revenues (* 4.49e+8 $)) (wfb::budget guinea expenditures (* 7.08e+8 $)) (wfb::budget guinea capital_expenditures (* 3.61e+8 $)) (wfb::exports guinea (* 6.22e+8 $)) (wfb::exports guinea commodities bauxite-commodity n/a) (wfb::exports guinea commodities alumina-commodity n/a) (wfb::exports guinea commodities diamonds-commodity n/a) (wfb::exports guinea commodities gold-commodity n/a) (wfb::exports guinea commodities coffee n/a) (wfb::exports guinea commodities pineapples n/a) (wfb::exports guinea commodities bananas n/a) (wfb::exports guinea commodities palm_kernels n/a) (wfb::exports guinea partners us (* 23 %)) (wfb::exports guinea partners belgium (* 12 %)) (wfb::exports guinea partners ireland (* 12 %)) (wfb::exports guinea partners spain (* 12 %)) (wfb::imports guinea (* 7.68e+8 $)) (wfb::imports guinea commodities petroleum_products-commodity n/a) (wfb::imports guinea commodities metals n/a) (wfb::imports guinea commodities machinery n/a) (wfb::imports guinea commodities transport_equipment n/a) (wfb::imports guinea commodities foodstuffs n/a) (wfb::imports guinea commodities textiles-commodity n/a) (wfb::imports guinea partners france (* 26 %)) (wfb::imports guinea partners |Cote d'Ivoire| (* 12 %)) (wfb::imports guinea partners hong_kong (* 6 %)) (wfb::imports guinea partners germany (* 6 %)) (wfb::industrial_production guinea growth_rate (* n/a %)) (wfb::industrial_production guinea accounts_for (* 27 %_of_gdp)) (wfb::electricity guinea capacity (* 180000 kw)) (wfb::electricity guinea production (* 5.2e+8 kwh)) (wfb::electricity guinea consumption_per_capita (* 77 kwh)) (wfb::industry guinea mining_-_bauxite) (wfb::industry guinea gold-industry) (wfb::industry guinea diamonds-industry) (wfb::industry guinea alumina_refining) (wfb::industry guinea light_manufacturing_and_agricultural_processing_industries) (wfb::agriculture guinea "accounts for 40% of GDP (includes fishing and forestry); mostly subsistence farming; principal products - rice, coffee, pineapples, palm kernels, cassava, bananas, sweet potatoes, timber; livestock - cattle, sheep and goats; not self-sufficient in food grains") (wfb::economic_aid guinea recipient "US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-89), $227 million; Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-89), $1.465 billion; OPEC bilateral aid (1979-89), $120 million; Communist countries (1970-89), $446 million") (wfb::currency guinea guinean_franc 100 centimes) (wfb::exchange_rates guinea "Guinean francs (FG) per US$1 - 810.94 (1 July 1993), 922.9 (30 September 1992), 675 (1990), 618 (1989), 515 (1988), 440 (1987), 383 (1986)") (wfb::fiscal_year guinea date_1_jan date_31_dec) (wfb::railroads guinea total "1,048 km") (wfb::railroads guinea standard_gauge "241 km 1.435-m gauge") (wfb::railroads guinea narrow_gauge "807 km 1.000-m gauge") (wfb::highways guinea total (* 30100 km)) (wfb::highways guinea paved (* 1145 km)) (wfb::highways guinea (union gravel crushed_stone) (* 12955 km)) (wfb::highways guinea unimproved_earth (* 16000 km)) (wfb::inland_waterways guinea "1,295 km navigable by shallow-draft native craft") (wfb::port guinea boke-guinea) (wfb::port guinea conakry-guinea) (wfb::port guinea kamsar-guinea) (wfb::merchant_marine guinea "none") (wfb::airports guinea total 15) (wfb::airports guinea |with paved runways over 3,047 m| 1) (wfb::airports guinea |with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m| 2) (wfb::airports guinea |with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m| 1) (wfb::airports guinea with_paved_runways_under_914_m 1) (wfb::airports guinea |with unpaved runways 1,524 to 2,438 m| 7) (wfb::airports guinea |with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m| 3) (wfb::telephone_system guinea "15,000 telephones; poor to fair system of open-wire lines, small radiocommunication stations, and new radio relay system") (wfb::telephone_system guinea local "NA") (wfb::telephone_system guinea intercity "microwave radio relay and radio communication stations") (wfb::telephone_system guinea international "1 INTELSAT (Atlantic Ocean) earth station") (wfb::radio guinea broadcast_stations am 3) (wfb::radio guinea broadcast_stations fm 1) (wfb::radio guinea broadcast_stations shortwave 0) (wfb::radio guinea radios 200000) (wfb::television guinea broadcast_stations 1) (wfb::television guinea televisions 65000) (wfb::defense_branch guinea army_guinea) (wfb::defense_branch guinea navy_guinea) (wfb::defense_branch guinea air_force_guinea) (wfb::defense_branch guinea republican_guard_guinea) (wfb::defense_branch guinea presidential_guard_guinea) (wfb::defense_branch guinea paramilitary_national_gendarmerie_guinea) (wfb::defense_branch guinea national_police_force_guinea) (wfb::manpower_availability guinea "males age 15-49 1,478,653; males fit for military service 745,990 (1995 est.)") (wfb::defense_expenditures guinea (* 5.0e+7 $)) (wfb::defense_expenditures guinea (* 1.6 %_of_gdp)))) (guinea-bissau ((wfb::location guinea-bissau "Western Africa, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean, between Guinea and Senegal") (wfb::map_references guinea-bissau "Africa") (wfb::area guinea-bissau total_area (* 36120 sq_km)) (wfb::area guinea-bissau land_area (* 28000 sq_km)) (wfb::area guinea-bissau comparative_area "slightly less than three times the size of Connecticut") (wfb::borders guinea-bissau total (* 724 km)) (wfb::borders guinea-bissau guinea (* 386 km)) (wfb::borders guinea-bissau senegal (* 338 km)) (wfb::coastline guinea-bissau (* 350 km)) (wfb::maritime_claims guinea-bissau exclusive_economic_zone (* 200 nm)) (wfb::maritime_claims guinea-bissau territorial_sea (* 12 nm)) (wfb::international_disputes guinea-bissau "none") (wfb::climate guinea-bissau "tropical") (wfb::climate guinea-bissau "generally hot and humid") (wfb::climate guinea-bissau "monsoonal-type rainy season (June to November) with southwesterly winds") (wfb::climate guinea-bissau "dry season (December to May) with northeasterly harmattan winds") (wfb::terrain guinea-bissau "mostly low coastal plain rising to savanna in east") (wfb::natural-resource guinea-bissau unexploited_deposits_of_petroleum) (wfb::natural-resource guinea-bissau bauxite) (wfb::natural-resource guinea-bissau phosphates) (wfb::natural-resource guinea-bissau fish) (wfb::natural-resource guinea-bissau timber) (wfb::land_use guinea-bissau arable_land (* 11 %)) (wfb::land_use guinea-bissau permanent_crops (* 1 %)) (wfb::land_use guinea-bissau meadows_and_pastures (* 43 %)) (wfb::land_use guinea-bissau forest_and_woodland (* 38 %)) (wfb::land_use guinea-bissau other (* 7 %)) (wfb::irrigated_land guinea-bissau (* n/a sq_km)) (wfb::environment guinea-bissau current_issues "deforestation") (wfb::environment guinea-bissau current_issues "soil erosion") (wfb::environment guinea-bissau current_issues "overgrazing") (wfb::environment guinea-bissau current_issues "overfishing") (wfb::environment guinea-bissau natural_hazards "hot, dry, dusty harmattan haze may reduce visibility during dry season") (wfb::environment guinea-bissau natural_hazards "brush fires") (wfb::environment guinea-bissau international_agreements "party to - Endangered Species, Law of the Sea, Nuclear Test Ban, Wetlands") (wfb::environment guinea-bissau international_agreements "signed, but not ratified - Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification") (wfb::population guinea-bissau 1124537) (wfb::age_structure guinea-bissau 0-14_years (* 43 %)) (wfb::age_structure_by_sex guinea-bissau 0-14_years female 242518) (wfb::age_structure_by_sex guinea-bissau 0-14_years male 243093) (wfb::age_structure guinea-bissau 15-64_years (* 54 %)) (wfb::age_structure_by_sex guinea-bissau 15-64_years female 320987) (wfb::age_structure_by_sex guinea-bissau 15-64_years male 286308) (wfb::age_structure guinea-bissau 65_years_and_over (* 3 %)) (wfb::age_structure_by_sex guinea-bissau 65_years_and_over female 16129) (wfb::age_structure_by_sex guinea-bissau 65_years_and_over male 15502) (wfb::population_growth_rate guinea-bissau (* 2.36 %)) (wfb::birth_rate guinea-bissau (* 40.24 |births/1,000 population|)) (wfb::death_rate guinea-bissau (* 16.62 |deaths/1,000 population|)) (wfb::net_migration_rate guinea-bissau (* 0 |migrant(s)/1,000 population|)) (wfb::infant_mortality_rate guinea-bissau (* 117.9 |deaths/1,000 live births|)) (wfb::life_expectancy_at_birth guinea-bissau total_population (* 47.87 years)) (wfb::life_expectancy_at_birth guinea-bissau male (* 46.21 years)) (wfb::life_expectancy_at_birth guinea-bissau female (* 49.57 years)) (wfb::total_fertility_rate guinea-bissau (* 5.43 children_born/woman)) (wfb::nationality guinea-bissau noun "Guinea-Bissauan(s)") (wfb::nationality guinea-bissau adjective "Guinea-Bissauan") (wfb::ethnic-entity guinea-bissau african (* 99 %)) (wfb::ethnic-entity guinea-bissau european_and_mulatto_less_than (* 1 %)) (wfb::religion guinea-bissau indigenous_beliefs (* 65 %)) (wfb::religion guinea-bissau muslim (* 30 %)) (wfb::religion guinea-bissau christian (* 5 %)) (wfb::language guinea-bissau portuguese n/a) (wfb::language guinea-bissau criolo n/a) (wfb::language guinea-bissau african_languages n/a) (wfb::literacy-condition guinea-bissau "age 15 and over can read and write") (wfb::literacy guinea-bissau total_population (* 36 %)) (wfb::literacy guinea-bissau male (* 50 %)) (wfb::literacy guinea-bissau female (* 24 %)) (wfb::labor_force_by_occupation guinea-bissau agriculture (* 90 %)) (wfb::labor_force_by_occupation guinea-bissau industry n/a) (wfb::labor_force_by_occupation guinea-bissau services n/a) (wfb::labor_force_by_occupation guinea-bissau commerce (* 5 %)) (wfb::labor_force_by_occupation guinea-bissau government (* 5 %)) (wfb::names guinea-bissau conventional_long_form "Republic of Guinea-Bissau") (wfb::names guinea-bissau conventional_short_form "Guinea-Bissau") (wfb::names guinea-bissau local_long_form "Republica de Guine-Bissau") (wfb::names guinea-bissau local_short_form "Guine-Bissau") (wfb::names guinea-bissau former "Portuguese Guinea") (wfb::digraph guinea-bissau "PU") (type guinea-bissau "republic, formerly highly centralized, multiparty since mid-1991") (wfb::capital guinea-bissau bissau-guinea-bissau) (wfb::administrative_divisions guinea-bissau adm_div_guinea-bissau_regions 9) (wfb::administrative_division_of guinea-bissau adm_div_guinea-bissau_regions "Bafata") (wfb::administrative_division_of guinea-bissau adm_div_guinea-bissau_regions "Biombo") (wfb::administrative_division_of guinea-bissau adm_div_guinea-bissau_regions "Bissau") (wfb::administrative_division_of guinea-bissau adm_div_guinea-bissau_regions "Bolama") (wfb::administrative_division_of guinea-bissau adm_div_guinea-bissau_regions "Cacheu") (wfb::administrative_division_of guinea-bissau adm_div_guinea-bissau_regions "Gabu") (wfb::administrative_division_of guinea-bissau adm_div_guinea-bissau_regions "Oio") (wfb::administrative_division_of guinea-bissau adm_div_guinea-bissau_regions "Quinara") (wfb::administrative_division_of guinea-bissau adm_div_guinea-bissau_regions "Tombali") (wfb::independence guinea-bissau date_10_sep_1974 "Portugal") (wfb::national_holiday guinea-bissau "Independence Day" date_10_sep) (wfb::constitution guinea-bissau "16 May 1984, amended 4 May 1991 (currently undergoing revision to liberalize popular participation in the government)") (wfb::legal_system guinea-bissau "NA") (wfb::suffrage guinea-bissau (* 15 years_of_age)) (wfb::executive_branch guinea-bissau chief_of_state "President of the Republic of Guinea-Bissau Joao Bernardo VIEIRA (assumed power 14 November 1980)" n/a) (wfb::executive_branch guinea-bissau head_of_government "Prime Minister Manuel SATURNINO, since 5 November 1994" n/a) (wfb::executive_branch guinea-bissau cabinet "Council of Ministers") (wfb::legislative_structure guinea-bissau unicameral n/a) (wfb::legislative_branch guinea-bissau "National People's Assembly" "(Assembleia Nacional Popular) elections last held 3 July and 7 August 1994 (next to be held 1999); results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (100 total) PAIGC 62, RGB 19, PRS 12, Union for Change Coalition 6, FLING 1") (wfb::judicial_branch guinea-bissau "none; there is a Ministry of Justice in the Council of Ministers") (wfb::political_parties_and_leaders guinea-bissau "African Party for the Independence of Guinea-Bissau and Cape Verde (PAIGC), President Joao Bernardo VIEIRA, leader; Guinea-Bissau Resistance (RGB); Democratic Front (FD), Aristides MENEZES, leader; Social Renovation Party (PRS); Union for Change Coalition; Front for the Liberation and Independence of Guinea (FLING); Democratic Social Front (FDS), Rafael BARBOSA, leader; Bafata Movement, Domingos Fernandes GARNER, leader; Guinea-Bissau Resistance (RGB); Union for Change Coalition; Front for the Liberation and Independence of Guinea (FLING)") (wfb::member_of guinea-bissau acct) (wfb::member_of guinea-bissau acp) (wfb::member_of guinea-bissau afdb) (wfb::member_of guinea-bissau eca) (wfb::member_of guinea-bissau ecowas) (wfb::member_of guinea-bissau fao) (wfb::member_of guinea-bissau g-77) (wfb::member_of guinea-bissau gatt) (wfb::member_of guinea-bissau ibrd) (wfb::member_of guinea-bissau icao) (wfb::member_of guinea-bissau icrm) (wfb::member_of guinea-bissau ida) (wfb::member_of guinea-bissau idb) (wfb::member_of guinea-bissau ifad) (wfb::member_of guinea-bissau ifc) (wfb::member_of guinea-bissau ifrcs) (wfb::member_of guinea-bissau ilo) (wfb::member_of guinea-bissau imf) (wfb::member_of guinea-bissau imo) (wfb::member_of guinea-bissau intelsat) (wfb::member_of guinea-bissau interpol) (wfb::member_of guinea-bissau iom) (wfb::member_of guinea-bissau itu) (wfb::member_of guinea-bissau nam) (wfb::member_of guinea-bissau oau) (wfb::member_of guinea-bissau oic) (wfb::member_of guinea-bissau un) (wfb::member_of guinea-bissau unavem_ii) (wfb::member_of guinea-bissau unctad) (wfb::member_of guinea-bissau unesco) (wfb::member_of guinea-bissau unido) (wfb::member_of guinea-bissau unomil) (wfb::member_of guinea-bissau unomoz) (wfb::member_of guinea-bissau upu) (wfb::member_of guinea-bissau wftu) (wfb::member_of guinea-bissau who) (wfb::member_of guinea-bissau wipo) (wfb::member_of guinea-bissau wmo) (wfb::member_of guinea-bissau wto) (wfb::diplomatic_representation_in_us guinea-bissau chief_of_mission "Ambassador Alfredo Lopes CABRAL") (wfb::diplomatic_representation_in_us guinea-bissau chancery "918 16th Street NW, Mezzanine Suite, Washington, DC 20006") (wfb::diplomatic_representation_in_us guinea-bissau telephone "[1] (202) 872-4222") (wfb::diplomatic_representation_in_us guinea-bissau fax "[1] (202) 872-4226") (wfb::us_diplomatic_representation guinea-bissau chief_of_mission "Ambassador Roger A. McGUIRE") (wfb::us_diplomatic_representation guinea-bissau embassy "Bairro de Penha, Bissau") (wfb::us_diplomatic_representation guinea-bissau mailing_address "C.P. 297, 1067 Bissau Codex, Bissau, Guinea-Bissau") (wfb::us_diplomatic_representation guinea-bissau telephone "[245] 252273, 252274, 252275, 252276") (wfb::us_diplomatic_representation guinea-bissau fax "[245] 252282") (wfb::flag guinea-bissau "two equal horizontal bands of yellow (top) and green with a vertical red band on the hoist side; there is a black five-pointed star centered in the red band; uses the popular pan-African colors of Ethiopia; similar to the flag of Cape Verde, which has the black star raised above the center of the red band and is framed by two corn stalks and a yellow clam shell") (wfb::overview guinea-bissau "Guinea-Bissau ranks among the poorest countries in the world. Agriculture and fishing are the main economic activities. Cashew nuts, peanuts, and palm kernels are the primary exports. Exploitation of known mineral deposits is unlikely at present because of a weak infrastructure and the high cost of development. With IMF support the country is committed to an economic reform program emphasizing monetary stability and private sector growth. This process will continue at a slow pace because of a heavy foreign debt burden and internal constraints.") (wfb::national_product guinea-bissau (* 9.0e+8 $)) (wfb::national_product_real_growth_rate guinea-bissau (* 2.9 %)) (wfb::national_product_per_capita guinea-bissau (* 840 $)) (wfb::|Inflation rate (consumer prices)| guinea-bissau "55% (1991 est.)") (wfb::unemployment_rate guinea-bissau (* n/a %)) (wfb::budget guinea-bissau revenues (* 3.36e+7 $)) (wfb::budget guinea-bissau expenditures (* 4.48e+7 $)) (wfb::budget guinea-bissau capital_expenditures (* 570000 $)) (wfb::exports guinea-bissau (* 1.9e+7 $)) (wfb::exports guinea-bissau commodities cashews n/a) (wfb::exports guinea-bissau commodities fish-commodity n/a) (wfb::exports guinea-bissau commodities peanuts n/a) (wfb::exports guinea-bissau commodities palm_kernels n/a) (wfb::exports guinea-bissau partners portugal n/a) (wfb::exports guinea-bissau partners spain n/a) (wfb::exports guinea-bissau partners senegal n/a) (wfb::exports guinea-bissau partners india n/a) (wfb::exports guinea-bissau partners nigeria n/a) (wfb::imports guinea-bissau (* 5.6e+7 $)) (wfb::imports guinea-bissau commodities foodstuffs n/a) (wfb::imports guinea-bissau commodities transport_equipment n/a) (wfb::imports guinea-bissau commodities petroleum_products-commodity n/a) (wfb::imports guinea-bissau commodities machinery_and_equipment n/a) (wfb::imports guinea-bissau partners portugal n/a) (wfb::imports guinea-bissau partners netherlands n/a) (wfb::imports guinea-bissau partners china n/a) (wfb::imports guinea-bissau partners germany n/a) (wfb::imports guinea-bissau partners senegal n/a) (wfb::external_debt guinea-bissau (* 4.62e+8 $)) (wfb::industrial_production guinea-bissau accounts_for (* 8 %_of_gdp)) (wfb::electricity guinea-bissau capacity (* 22000 kw)) (wfb::electricity guinea-bissau production (* 4.0e+7 kwh)) (wfb::electricity guinea-bissau consumption_per_capita (* 37 kwh)) (wfb::industry guinea-bissau agricultural_processing) (wfb::industry guinea-bissau beer) (wfb::industry guinea-bissau soft_drinks) (wfb::agriculture guinea-bissau "accounts for over 45% of GDP, nearly 100% of exports, and 90% of employment; rice is the staple food; other crops include corn, beans, cassava, cashew nuts, peanuts, palm kernels, and cotton; not self-sufficient in food; fishing and forestry potential not fully exploited") (wfb::economic_aid guinea-bissau recipient "US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-89), $49 million; Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-89), $615 million; OPEC bilateral aid (1979-89), $41 million; Communist countries (1970-89), $68 million") (wfb::currency guinea-bissau guinea-bissauan_peso 100 centavos) (wfb::exchange_rates guinea-bissau "Guinea-Bissauan pesos (PG) per US$1 - 14,482 (December 1994), 12,892 (1994), 10,082 (1993), 6,934 (1992), 3,659 (1991), 2,185 (1990)") (wfb::fiscal_year guinea-bissau date_1_jan date_31_dec) (wfb::railroads guinea-bissau "0 km") (wfb::highways guinea-bissau total (* 3218 km)) (wfb::highways guinea-bissau bituminous (* 2698 km)) (wfb::highways guinea-bissau earth (* 520 km)) (wfb::inland_waterways guinea-bissau "scattered stretches are important to coastal commerce") (wfb::port guinea-bissau bissau-guinea-bissau) (wfb::merchant_marine guinea-bissau "none") (wfb::airports guinea-bissau total 32) (wfb::airports guinea-bissau |with paved runways over 3,047 m| 1) (wfb::airports guinea-bissau |with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m| 2) (wfb::airports guinea-bissau |with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m| 1) (wfb::airports guinea-bissau with_paved_runways_under_914_m 22) (wfb::airports guinea-bissau |with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m| 6) (wfb::telephone_system guinea-bissau "3,000 telephones; poor system; telephone density - 2.7 telephones/1,000 persons") (wfb::telephone_system guinea-bissau local "NA") (wfb::telephone_system guinea-bissau intercity "combination of microwave radio relay, open wire lines and radiocommunications") (wfb::telephone_system guinea-bissau international "NA") (wfb::radio guinea-bissau broadcast_stations am 2) (wfb::radio guinea-bissau broadcast_stations fm 3) (wfb::radio guinea-bissau broadcast_stations shortwave 0) (wfb::radio guinea-bissau radios n/a) (wfb::television guinea-bissau broadcast_stations 1) (wfb::television guinea-bissau televisions n/a) (wfb::defense_branch guinea-bissau |People's Revolutionary Armed Force_guinea-bissau|) (wfb::defense_branch guinea-bissau paramilitary_force_guinea-bissau) (wfb::manpower_availability guinea-bissau "males age 15-49 251,636; males fit for military service 143,694 (1995 est.)") (wfb::defense_expenditures guinea-bissau (* 9000000.0 $)) (wfb::defense_expenditures guinea-bissau (* 4.5 %_of_gdp)))) (kenya ((wfb::location kenya "Eastern Africa, bordering the Indian Ocean, between Somalia and Tanzania") (wfb::map_references kenya "Africa") (wfb::area kenya total_area (* 582650 sq_km)) (wfb::area kenya land_area (* 569250 sq_km)) (wfb::area kenya comparative_area "slightly more than twice the size of Nevada") (wfb::borders kenya total (* 3446 km)) (wfb::borders kenya ethiopia (* 830 km)) (wfb::borders kenya somalia (* 682 km)) (wfb::borders kenya sudan (* 232 km)) (wfb::borders kenya tanzania (* 769 km)) (wfb::borders kenya uganda (* 933 km)) (wfb::coastline kenya (* 536 km)) (wfb::maritime_claims kenya exclusive_economic_zone (* 200 nm)) (wfb::maritime_claims kenya territorial_sea (* 12 nm)) (wfb::international_disputes kenya "administrative boundary with Sudan does not coincide with international boundary") (wfb::international_disputes kenya "possible claim by Somalia based on unification of ethnic Somalis") (wfb::climate kenya "varies from tropical along coast to arid in interior") (wfb::terrain kenya "low plains rise to central highlands bisected by Great Rift Valley") (wfb::terrain kenya "fertile plateau in west") (wfb::natural-resource kenya gold) (wfb::natural-resource kenya limestone) (wfb::natural-resource kenya soda_ash) (wfb::natural-resource kenya salt_barytes) (wfb::natural-resource kenya rubies) (wfb::natural-resource kenya fluorspar) (wfb::natural-resource kenya garnets) (wfb::natural-resource kenya wildlife) (wfb::land_use kenya arable_land (* 3 %)) (wfb::land_use kenya permanent_crops (* 1 %)) (wfb::land_use kenya meadows_and_pastures (* 7 %)) (wfb::land_use kenya forest_and_woodland (* 4 %)) (wfb::land_use kenya other (* 85 %)) (wfb::irrigated_land kenya (* 520 sq_km)) (wfb::environment kenya current_issues "water pollution from urban and industrial wastes") (wfb::environment kenya current_issues "degradation of water quality from increased use of pesticides and fertilizers") (wfb::environment kenya current_issues "deforestation") (wfb::environment kenya current_issues "soil erosion") (wfb::environment kenya current_issues "desertification") (wfb::environment kenya current_issues "poaching") (wfb::environment kenya natural_hazards "NA") (wfb::environment kenya international_agreements "party to - Biodiversity, Climate Change, Endangered Species, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands, Whaling") (wfb::environment kenya international_agreements "signed, but not ratified - Desertification") (wfb::note kenya "the Kenyan Highlands comprise one of the most successful agricultural production regions in Africa; glaciers on Mt. Kenya; unique physiography supports abundant and varied wildlife of scientific and economic value") (wfb::population kenya 28817227) (wfb::age_structure kenya 0-14_years (* 48 %)) (wfb::age_structure_by_sex kenya 0-14_years female 6841235) (wfb::age_structure_by_sex kenya 0-14_years male 6957908) (wfb::age_structure kenya 15-64_years (* 50 %)) (wfb::age_structure_by_sex kenya 15-64_years female 7277061) (wfb::age_structure_by_sex kenya 15-64_years male 7085925) (wfb::age_structure kenya 65_years_and_over (* 2 %)) (wfb::age_structure_by_sex kenya 65_years_and_over female 359659) (wfb::age_structure_by_sex kenya 65_years_and_over male 295439) (wfb::population_growth_rate kenya (* 0.99 %)) (wfb::birth_rate kenya (* 41.66 |births/1,000 population|)) (wfb::death_rate kenya (* 12.04 |deaths/1,000 population|)) (wfb::net_migration_rate kenya (* -19.69 |migrant(s)/1,000 population|)) (wfb::infant_mortality_rate kenya (* 73.5 |deaths/1,000 live births|)) (wfb::life_expectancy_at_birth kenya total_population (* 52.41 years)) (wfb::life_expectancy_at_birth kenya male (* 50.72 years)) (wfb::life_expectancy_at_birth kenya female (* 54.16 years)) (wfb::total_fertility_rate kenya (* 5.76 children_born/woman)) (wfb::nationality kenya noun "Kenyan(s)") (wfb::nationality kenya adjective "Kenyan") (wfb::ethnic-entity kenya kikuyu (* 22 %)) (wfb::ethnic-entity kenya luhya (* 14 %)) (wfb::ethnic-entity kenya luo (* 13 %)) (wfb::ethnic-entity kenya kalenjin (* 12 %)) (wfb::ethnic-entity kenya kamba (* 11 %)) (wfb::ethnic-entity kenya kisii (* 6 %)) (wfb::ethnic-entity kenya meru (* 6 %)) (wfb::ethnic-entity kenya union12 (* 1 %)) (wfb::religion kenya |Protestant (including Anglican)| (* 38 %)) (wfb::religion kenya roman_catholic (* 28 %)) (wfb::religion kenya indigenous_beliefs (* 26 %)) (wfb::language kenya english n/a) (wfb::language kenya swahili n/a) (wfb::language kenya numerous_indigenous_languages n/a) (wfb::literacy-condition kenya "age 15 and over can read and write") (wfb::literacy kenya total_population (* 71 %)) (wfb::literacy kenya male (* 81 %)) (wfb::literacy kenya female (* 62 %)) (wfb::labor_force_by_occupation kenya agriculture_75% (* -80 %)) (wfb::labor_force_by_occupation kenya non-agriculture_20% (* -25 %)) (wfb::names kenya conventional_long_form "Republic of Kenya") (wfb::names kenya conventional_short_form "Kenya") (wfb::names kenya former "British East Africa") (wfb::digraph kenya "KE") (type kenya "republic") (wfb::capital kenya nairobi-kenya) (wfb::administrative_divisions kenya adm_div_kenya_provinces 7) (wfb::administrative_divisions kenya adm_div_kenya_area 1) (wfb::administrative_division_of kenya adm_div_kenya_provinces "Central") (wfb::administrative_division_of kenya adm_div_kenya_provinces "Coast") (wfb::administrative_division_of kenya adm_div_kenya_provinces "Eastern") (wfb::administrative_division_of kenya adm_div_kenya_area "Nairobi Area") (wfb::administrative_division_of kenya adm_div_kenya_provinces "North Eastern") (wfb::administrative_division_of kenya adm_div_kenya_provinces "Nyanza") (wfb::administrative_division_of kenya adm_div_kenya_provinces "Rift Valley") (wfb::administrative_division_of kenya adm_div_kenya_provinces "Western") (wfb::independence kenya date_12_dec_1963 "UK") (wfb::national_holiday kenya "Independence Day" date_12_dec) (wfb::constitution kenya "12 December 1963, amended as a republic 1964; reissued with amendments 1979, 1983, 1986, 1988, 1991, and 1992") (wfb::legal_system kenya "based on English common law, tribal law, and Islamic law; judicial review in High Court; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations; constitutional amendment of 1982 making Kenya a de jure one-party state repealed in 1991") (wfb::suffrage kenya (* 18 years_of_age)) (wfb::executive_branch kenya chief_of_state "President Daniel Toroitich arap MOI " date_14_oct_1978) (wfb::executive_branch kenya head_of_government "President Daniel Toroitich arap MOI " date_14_oct_1978) (wfb::executive_branch kenya cabinet "Cabinet") (wfb::legislative_structure kenya unicameral n/a) (wfb::legislative_branch kenya "National Assembly (Bunge)" "elections last held on 29 December 1992 (next to be held NA); results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (188 total) KANU 100, FORD-Kenya 31, FORD-Asili 31, DP 23, smaller parties 3; president nominates 12 additional members") (wfb::judicial_branch kenya "Court of Appeal, High Court") (wfb::political_parties_and_leaders kenya "ruling party is Kenya African National Union (KANU), President Daniel Toroitich arap MOI; opposition parties include Forum for the Restoration of Democracy (FORD-Kenya), Michael WAMALWA; Forum for the Restoration of Democracy (FORD-Asili), Kenneth MATIBA; Democratic Party of Kenya (DP), Mwai KIBAKI") (wfb::other_political_or_pressure_groups kenya "labor unions; Roman Catholic Church") (wfb::member_of kenya escap) (wfb::member_of kenya fao) (wfb::member_of kenya g-77) (wfb::member_of kenya icao) (wfb::member_of kenya icrm) (wfb::member_of kenya ifad) (wfb::member_of kenya ifrcs) (wfb::member_of kenya imo) (wfb::member_of kenya intelsat) (wfb::member_of kenya ioc) (wfb::member_of kenya iso) (wfb::member_of kenya itu) (wfb::member_of kenya nam) (wfb::member_of kenya un) (wfb::member_of kenya unctad) (wfb::member_of kenya unesco) (wfb::member_of kenya unido) (wfb::member_of kenya unomil) (wfb::member_of kenya unu) (wfb::member_of kenya upu) (wfb::member_of kenya wftu) (wfb::member_of kenya who) (wfb::member_of kenya wipo) (wfb::member_of kenya wmo) (wfb::member_of kenya wto) (wfb::diplomatic_representation_in_us kenya chief_of_mission "Benjamin Edgar KIPKORIR") (wfb::diplomatic_representation_in_us kenya chancery "2249 R Street NW, Washington, DC 20008") (wfb::diplomatic_representation_in_us kenya telephone "[1] (202) 387-6101") (wfb::diplomatic_representation_in_us kenya fax "[1] (202) 462-3829") (wfb::diplomatic_representation_in_us kenya |consulate(s) general| "Los Angeles and New York") (wfb::us_diplomatic_representation kenya chief_of_mission "Ambassador Aurelia BRAZEAL") (wfb::us_diplomatic_representation kenya embassy "corner of Moi Avenue and Haile Selassie Avenue, Nairobi") (wfb::us_diplomatic_representation kenya mailing_address "P. O. Box 30137, Unit 64100, Nairobi; APO AE 09831") (wfb::us_diplomatic_representation kenya telephone "[254] (2) 334141") (wfb::us_diplomatic_representation kenya fax "[254] (2) 340838") (wfb::flag kenya "three equal horizontal bands of black (top), red, and green; the red band is edged in white; a large warrior's shield covering crossed spears is superimposed at the center") (wfb::overview kenya "Kenya in recent years has had one of the highest natural rates of growth in population, but the statistics have been complicated by the large-scale movement of nomadic groups and of Somalis back and forth across the border. Population growth has been accompanied by deforestation, deterioration in the road system, the water supply, and other parts of the infrastructure. In industry and services, Nairobi's reluctance to embrace IMF-supported reforms had held back investment and growth in 1991-93. Nairobi's push on economic reform in 1994, however, helped support a 3.3% increase in output.") (wfb::national_product kenya (* 3.31e+10 $)) (wfb::national_product_real_growth_rate kenya (* 3.3 %)) (wfb::national_product_per_capita kenya (* 1170 $)) (wfb::|Inflation rate (consumer prices)| kenya "30% (1994 est.)") (wfb::unemployment_rate kenya (* 35 %_urban)) (wfb::budget kenya revenues (* 2.4e+9 $)) (wfb::budget kenya expenditures (* 2.8e+9 $)) (wfb::budget kenya capital_expenditures (* 7.4e+8 $)) (wfb::exports kenya (* 1.45e+9 $)) (wfb::exports kenya commodities tea (* 25 %)) (wfb::exports kenya commodities coffee (* 18 %)) (wfb::exports kenya commodities petroleum_products-commodity (* 11 %)) (wfb::exports kenya partners ec (* 47 %)) (wfb::exports kenya partners africa (* 23 %)) (wfb::exports kenya partners asia (* 11 %)) (wfb::exports kenya partners us (* 4 %)) (wfb::exports kenya partners middle_east (* 3 %)) (wfb::imports kenya (* 1.85e+9 $)) (wfb::imports kenya commodities machinery_and_transportation_equipment (* 29 %)) (wfb::imports kenya commodities petroleum_and_petroleum_products (* 15 %)) (wfb::imports kenya commodities iron_and_steel (* 7 %)) (wfb::imports kenya commodities raw_materials n/a) (wfb::imports kenya commodities food_and_consumer_goods n/a) (wfb::imports kenya partners ec (* 46 %)) (wfb::imports kenya partners asia (* 23 %)) (wfb::imports kenya partners middle_east (* 20 %)) (wfb::imports kenya partners us (* 5 %)) (wfb::external_debt kenya (* 7.0e+9 $)) (wfb::industrial_production kenya growth_rate (* 3.9 %)) (wfb::industrial_production kenya accounts_for (* 14 %_of_gdp)) (wfb::electricity kenya capacity (* 810000 kw)) (wfb::electricity kenya production (* 3.3e+9 kwh)) (wfb::electricity kenya consumption_per_capita (* 117 kwh)) (wfb::industry kenya |small-scale consumer goods (plastic, furniture, batteries, textiles, soap, cigarettes, flour)|) (wfb::industry kenya processing_agricultural_products) (wfb::industry kenya oil_refining) (wfb::industry kenya cement) (wfb::industry kenya tourism) (wfb::agriculture kenya "most important sector, accounting for 27% of GDP and 65% of exports; cash crops - coffee, tea; food products - corn, wheat, sugarcane, fruit, vegetables, dairy products, beef, pork, poultry, eggs") (wfb::illicit_drugs kenya "widespread harvesting of small, wild plots of marijuana and qat; most locally consumed; transit country for Southwest Asian heroin moving to West Africa and onward to Europe and North America; Indian methaqualone also transits on way to South Africa") (wfb::economic_aid kenya recipient "US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-89), $839 million; Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-89), $7.49 billion; OPEC bilateral aid (1979-89), $74 million; Communist countries (1970-89), $83 million") (wfb::currency kenya kenyan_shilling 100 cents) (wfb::exchange_rates kenya "Kenyan shillings (KSh) per US$1 - 44.478 (January 1995), 56.051 (1994), 58.001 (1993), 32.217 (1992), 27.508 (1991), 22.915 (1990)") (wfb::fiscal_year kenya date_1_jul date_30_jun) (wfb::railroads kenya total "2,650 km") (wfb::railroads kenya narrow_gauge "2,650 km 1.000-m gauge") (wfb::highways kenya total (* 64590 km)) (wfb::highways kenya paved (* 7000 km)) (wfb::highways kenya gravel (* 4150 km)) (wfb::highways kenya improved_earth (* 53440 km)) (wfb::inland_waterways kenya "part of Lake Victoria system is within boundaries of Kenya") (wfb::port kenya kisumu-kenya) (wfb::port kenya lamu-kenya) (wfb::port kenya mombasa-kenya) (wfb::merchant_marine kenya total "2 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 4,883 GRT/6,255 DWT") (wfb::merchant_marine kenya ships_by_type "barge carrier 1, oil tanker 1") (wfb::airports kenya total 246) (wfb::airports kenya |with paved runways over 3,047 m| 3) (wfb::airports kenya |with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m| 2) (wfb::airports kenya |with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m| 2) (wfb::airports kenya |with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m| 22) (wfb::airports kenya with_paved_runways_under_914_m 83) (wfb::airports kenya |with unpaved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m| 1) (wfb::airports kenya |with unpaved runways 1,524 to 2,438 m| 14) (wfb::airports kenya |with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m| 119) (wfb::telephone_system kenya "over 260,000 telephones; in top group of African systems") (wfb::telephone_system kenya local "NA") (wfb::telephone_system kenya intercity "consists primarily of microwave radio relay links") (wfb::telephone_system kenya international "2 INTELSAT (1 Atlantic Ocean and 1 Indian Ocean) earth stations") (wfb::radio kenya broadcast_stations am 16) (wfb::radio kenya broadcast_stations fm 4) (wfb::radio kenya broadcast_stations shortwave 0) (wfb::radio kenya radios n/a) (wfb::television kenya broadcast_stations 6) (wfb::television kenya televisions n/a) (wfb::defense_branch kenya army_kenya) (wfb::defense_branch kenya navy_kenya) (wfb::defense_branch kenya air_force_kenya) (wfb::defense_branch kenya paramilitary_general_service_unit_of_the_police_kenya) (wfb::manpower_availability kenya "males age 15-49 6,358,344; males fit for military service 3,932,506 (1995 est.)") (wfb::defense_expenditures kenya (* 1.36e+8 $)) (wfb::defense_expenditures kenya (* 1.9 %_of_gdp)))) (lesotho ((wfb::location lesotho "Southern Africa, an enclave of South Africa") (wfb::map_references lesotho "Africa") (wfb::area lesotho total_area (* 30350 sq_km)) (wfb::area lesotho land_area (* 30350 sq_km)) (wfb::area lesotho comparative_area "slightly larger than Maryland") (wfb::borders lesotho total (* 909 km)) (wfb::borders lesotho south_africa (* 909 km)) (wfb::coastline lesotho (* 0 km)) (wfb::maritime_claims lesotho "none; landlocked") (wfb::international_disputes lesotho "none") (wfb::climate lesotho "temperate") (wfb::climate lesotho "cool to cold, dry winters") (wfb::climate lesotho "hot, wet summers") (wfb::terrain lesotho "mostly highland with plateaus, hills, and mountains") (wfb::natural-resource lesotho water) (wfb::natural-resource lesotho agricultural_and_grazing_land) (wfb::natural-resource lesotho some_diamonds_and_other_minerals) (wfb::land_use lesotho arable_land (* 10 %)) (wfb::land_use lesotho permanent_crops (* 0 %)) (wfb::land_use lesotho meadows_and_pastures (* 66 %)) (wfb::land_use lesotho forest_and_woodland (* 0 %)) (wfb::land_use lesotho other (* 24 %)) (wfb::irrigated_land lesotho (* n/a sq_km)) (wfb::environment lesotho current_issues "population pressure forcing settlement in marginal areas results in overgrazing, severe soil erosion, soil exhaustion") (wfb::environment lesotho current_issues "desertification") (wfb::environment lesotho current_issues "Highlands Water Project will control, store, and redirect water to South Africa") (wfb::environment lesotho natural_hazards "periodic droughts") (wfb::environment lesotho international_agreements "party to - Biodiversity, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands") (wfb::environment lesotho international_agreements "signed, but not ratified - Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping") (wfb::note lesotho "landlocked; surrounded by South Africa") (wfb::population lesotho 1992960) (wfb::age_structure lesotho 0-14_years (* 41 %)) (wfb::age_structure_by_sex lesotho 0-14_years female 407213) (wfb::age_structure_by_sex lesotho 0-14_years male 416709) (wfb::age_structure lesotho 15-64_years (* 54 %)) (wfb::age_structure_by_sex lesotho 15-64_years female 558106) (wfb::age_structure_by_sex lesotho 15-64_years male 520961) (wfb::age_structure lesotho 65_years_and_over (* 5 %)) (wfb::age_structure_by_sex lesotho 65_years_and_over female 51809) (wfb::age_structure_by_sex lesotho 65_years_and_over male 38162) (wfb::population_growth_rate lesotho (* 2.44 %)) (wfb::birth_rate lesotho (* 33.39 |births/1,000 population|)) (wfb::death_rate lesotho (* 8.96 |deaths/1,000 population|)) (wfb::net_migration_rate lesotho (* 0 |migrant(s)/1,000 population|)) (wfb::infant_mortality_rate lesotho (* 67.4 |deaths/1,000 live births|)) (wfb::life_expectancy_at_birth lesotho total_population (* 62.56 years)) (wfb::life_expectancy_at_birth lesotho male (* 60.74 years)) (wfb::life_expectancy_at_birth lesotho female (* 64.43 years)) (wfb::total_fertility_rate lesotho (* 4.41 children_born/woman)) (wfb::nationality lesotho noun "Mosotho (singular), Basotho (plural)") (wfb::nationality lesotho adjective "Basotho") (wfb::ethnic-entity lesotho sotho (* 99.7 %)) (wfb::ethnic-entity lesotho |Europeans 1,600| n/a) (wfb::ethnic-entity lesotho asians_800 n/a) (wfb::religion lesotho christian (* 80 %)) (wfb::religion lesotho rest_indigenous_beliefs n/a) (wfb::language lesotho sesotho n/a) (wfb::language lesotho english n/a) (wfb::language lesotho zulu n/a) (wfb::language lesotho xhosa n/a) (wfb::literacy-condition lesotho "age 15 and over can read and write") (wfb::literacy lesotho total_population (* 59 %)) (wfb::literacy lesotho male (* 44 %)) (wfb::literacy lesotho female (* 68 %)) (wfb::names lesotho conventional_long_form "Kingdom of Lesotho") (wfb::names lesotho conventional_short_form "Lesotho") (wfb::names lesotho former "Basutoland") (wfb::digraph lesotho "LT") (type lesotho "constitutional monarchy") (wfb::capital lesotho maseru-lesotho) (wfb::administrative_divisions lesotho adm_div_lesotho_districts 10) (wfb::administrative_division_of lesotho adm_div_lesotho_districts "Berea") (wfb::administrative_division_of lesotho adm_div_lesotho_districts "Butha-Buthe") (wfb::administrative_division_of lesotho adm_div_lesotho_districts "Leribe") (wfb::administrative_division_of lesotho adm_div_lesotho_districts "Mafeteng") (wfb::administrative_division_of lesotho adm_div_lesotho_districts "Maseru") (wfb::administrative_division_of lesotho adm_div_lesotho_districts "Mohale's Hoek") (wfb::administrative_division_of lesotho adm_div_lesotho_districts "Mokhotlong") (wfb::administrative_division_of lesotho adm_div_lesotho_districts "Qacha's Nek") (wfb::administrative_division_of lesotho adm_div_lesotho_districts "Quthing") (wfb::administrative_division_of lesotho adm_div_lesotho_districts "Thaba-Tseka") (wfb::independence lesotho date_4_oct_1966 "UK") (wfb::national_holiday lesotho "Independence Day" date_4_oct) (wfb::constitution lesotho "2 April 1993") (wfb::legal_system lesotho "based on English common law and Roman-Dutch law; judicial review of legislative acts in High Court and Court of Appeal; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction") (wfb::suffrage lesotho (* 21 years_of_age)) (wfb::executive_branch lesotho chief_of_state "King MOSHOESHOE II " date_feb_1995) (wfb::executive_branch lesotho head_of_government "Prime Minister Ntsu MOKHEHLE " date_2_apr_1993) (wfb::executive_branch lesotho cabinet "Cabinet") (wfb::judicial_branch lesotho "High Court, Court of Appeal, Magistrate's Court, customary or traditional court") (wfb::political_parties_and_leaders lesotho "Basotho National Party (BNP), Evaristus SEKHONYANA; Basotho Congress Party (BCP), Ntsu MOKHEHLE; National Independent Party (NIP), A. C. MANYELI; Marematlou Freedom Party (MFP), Vincent MALEBO; United Democratic Party, Charles MOFELI; Communist Party of Lesotho (CPL), Jacob M. KENA") (wfb::member_of lesotho acp) (wfb::member_of lesotho afdb) (wfb::member_of lesotho c) (wfb::member_of lesotho ccc) (wfb::member_of lesotho eca) (wfb::member_of lesotho fao) (wfb::member_of lesotho g-77) (wfb::member_of lesotho gatt) (wfb::member_of lesotho ibrd) (wfb::member_of lesotho icao) (wfb::member_of lesotho icftu) (wfb::member_of lesotho icrm) (wfb::member_of lesotho ida) (wfb::member_of lesotho ifad) (wfb::member_of lesotho ifc) (wfb::member_of lesotho ifrcs) (wfb::member_of lesotho ilo) (wfb::member_of lesotho imf) (wfb::member_of lesotho intelsat) (wfb::member_of lesotho interpol) (wfb::member_of lesotho ioc) (wfb::member_of lesotho itu) (wfb::member_of lesotho nam) (wfb::member_of lesotho oau) (wfb::member_of lesotho sacu) (wfb::member_of lesotho sadc) (wfb::member_of lesotho un) (wfb::member_of lesotho unctad) (wfb::member_of lesotho unesco) (wfb::member_of lesotho unhcr) (wfb::member_of lesotho unido) (wfb::member_of lesotho upu) (wfb::member_of lesotho wcl) (wfb::member_of lesotho wftu) (wfb::member_of lesotho who) (wfb::member_of lesotho wipo) (wfb::member_of lesotho wmo) (wfb::member_of lesotho wto) (wfb::diplomatic_representation_in_us lesotho chief_of_mission "(vacant); Charge d'Affaires ad interim Mokhali A. LITHEBE (since 2 July 1994)") (wfb::diplomatic_representation_in_us lesotho chancery "2511 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008") (wfb::diplomatic_representation_in_us lesotho telephone "[1] (202) 797-5533 through 5536") (wfb::diplomatic_representation_in_us lesotho fax "[1] (202) 234-6815") (wfb::us_diplomatic_representation lesotho chief_of_mission "Ambassador Myrick BISMARCK") (wfb::us_diplomatic_representation lesotho embassy "address NA, Maseru") (wfb::us_diplomatic_representation lesotho mailing_address "P. O. Box 333, Maseru 100, Lesotho") (wfb::us_diplomatic_representation lesotho telephone "[266] 312666") (wfb::us_diplomatic_representation lesotho fax "[266] 310116") (wfb::flag lesotho "divided diagonally from the lower hoist side corner; the upper half is white bearing the brown silhouette of a large shield with crossed spear and club; the lower half is a diagonal blue band with a green triangle in the corner") (wfb::overview lesotho "Small, landlocked, and mountainous, Lesotho has no important natural resources other than water. Its economy is based on agriculture, light manufacturing, and remittances from laborers employed in South Africa (these remittances supplement domestic income by as much as 45%). The great majority of households gain their livelihoods from subsistence farming and migrant labor; a large portion of the adult male work force is employed in South African mines. Manufacturing depends largely on farm products to support the milling, canning, leather, and jute industries; other industries include textile, clothing, and construction. Although drought has decreased agricultural activity over the past few years, improvement of a major hydropower facility will permit the sale of water to South Africa and allow Lesotho's economy to continue its moderate growth.") (wfb::national_product lesotho (* 2.6e+9 $)) (wfb::national_product_real_growth_rate lesotho (* 6 %)) (wfb::national_product_per_capita lesotho (* 1340 $)) (wfb::|Inflation rate (consumer prices)| lesotho "13.9% (1993)") (wfb::budget lesotho revenues (* 4.38e+8 $)) (wfb::budget lesotho expenditures (* 4.3e+8 $)) (wfb::budget lesotho capital_expenditures (* 1.55e+8 $)) (wfb::exports lesotho (* 1.09e+8 $)) (wfb::exports lesotho commodities wool n/a) (wfb::exports lesotho commodities mohair n/a) (wfb::exports lesotho commodities wheat n/a) (wfb::exports lesotho commodities cattle n/a) (wfb::exports lesotho commodities peas n/a) (wfb::exports lesotho commodities beans n/a) (wfb::exports lesotho commodities corn n/a) (wfb::exports lesotho commodities hides n/a) (wfb::exports lesotho commodities skins n/a) (wfb::exports lesotho commodities baskets n/a) (wfb::exports lesotho partners south_africa (* 42 %)) (wfb::exports lesotho partners ec (* 28 %)) (wfb::exports lesotho partners north_and_south_america (* 25 %)) (wfb::imports lesotho (* 9.64e+8 $)) (wfb::imports lesotho commodities mainly_corn n/a) (wfb::imports lesotho commodities building_materials n/a) (wfb::imports lesotho commodities clothing-commodity n/a) (wfb::imports lesotho commodities vehicles n/a) (wfb::imports lesotho commodities machinery n/a) (wfb::imports lesotho commodities medicines n/a) (wfb::imports lesotho commodities petroleum-commodity n/a) (wfb::imports lesotho partners south_africa (* 94 %)) (wfb::imports lesotho partners asia (* 3 %)) (wfb::imports lesotho partners ec (* 1 %)) (wfb::external_debt lesotho (* 5.12e+8 $)) (wfb::industrial_production lesotho growth_rate (* 10 %)) (wfb::industrial_production lesotho accounts_for (* 17 %_of_gdp)) (wfb::industry lesotho food-industry) (wfb::industry lesotho beverages-industry) (wfb::industry lesotho textiles) (wfb::industry lesotho handicrafts) (wfb::industry lesotho tourism) (wfb::agriculture lesotho "accounts for 50% of GDP (1993 est.); exceedingly primitive, mostly subsistence farming and livestock; principal crops corn, wheat, pulses, sorghum, barley") (wfb::economic_aid lesotho recipient "US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-89), $268 million; US (1992), $10.3 million; US (1993 est.), $10.1 million; Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-89), $819 million; OPEC bilateral aid (1979-89), $4 million; Communist countries (1970-89), $14 million") (wfb::currency lesotho loti 100 lisente) (wfb::exchange_rates lesotho "maloti (M) per US$1 - 3.5389 (January 1995), 3.5490 (1994), 3.2636 (1993), 2.8497 (1992), 2.7563 (1991), 2.5863 (1990); note - the Basotho loti is at par with the South African rand") (wfb::fiscal_year lesotho date_1_apr date_31_mar) (wfb::railroads lesotho total "2.6 km; note - owned by, operated by, and included in the statistics of South Africa") (wfb::railroads lesotho narrow_gauge "2.6 km 1.067-m gauge") (wfb::highways lesotho total (* 7215 km)) (wfb::highways lesotho paved (* 572 km)) (wfb::highways lesotho (union gravel stabilized_earth) (* 2337 km)) (wfb::highways lesotho improved_earth (* 1806 km)) (wfb::highways lesotho unimproved_earth (* 2500 km)) (wfb::airports lesotho total 29) (wfb::airports lesotho |with paved runways over 3,047 m| 1) (wfb::airports lesotho |with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m| 1) (wfb::airports lesotho with_paved_runways_under_914_m 23) (wfb::airports lesotho |with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m| 4) (wfb::telephone_system lesotho "5,920 telephones; rudimentary system") (wfb::telephone_system lesotho local "NA") (wfb::telephone_system lesotho intercity "consists of a few land lines, a small microwave radio relay system, and a minor radio communication system") (wfb::telephone_system lesotho international "1 INTELSAT (Atlantic Ocean) earth station") (wfb::radio lesotho broadcast_stations am 3) (wfb::radio lesotho broadcast_stations fm 4) (wfb::radio lesotho broadcast_stations shortwave 0) (wfb::radio lesotho radios n/a) (wfb::television lesotho broadcast_stations 1) (wfb::television lesotho televisions n/a) (wfb::defense_branch lesotho lesotho_defense_force_lesotho) (wfb::defense_branch lesotho lesotho_mounted_police_lesotho) (wfb::manpower_availability lesotho "males age 15-49 453,844; males fit for military service 244,767 (1995 est.)") (wfb::defense_expenditures lesotho (* 2.5e+7 $)) (wfb::defense_expenditures lesotho (* n/a %_of_gdp)))) (liberia ((wfb::location liberia "Western Africa, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean, between Cote d'Ivoire and Sierra Leone") (wfb::map_references liberia "Africa") (wfb::area liberia total_area (* 111370 sq_km)) (wfb::area liberia land_area (* 96320 sq_km)) (wfb::area liberia comparative_area "slightly larger than Tennessee") (wfb::borders liberia total (* 1585 km)) (wfb::borders liberia guinea (* 563 km)) (wfb::borders liberia |Cote d'Ivoire| (* 716 km)) (wfb::borders liberia sierra_leone (* 306 km)) (wfb::coastline liberia (* 579 km)) (wfb::maritime_claims liberia territorial_sea (* 200 nm)) (wfb::international_disputes liberia "none") (wfb::climate liberia "tropical") (wfb::climate liberia "hot, humid") (wfb::climate liberia "dry winters with hot days and cool to cold nights") (wfb::climate liberia "wet, cloudy summers with frequent heavy showers") (wfb::terrain liberia "mostly flat to rolling coastal plains rising to rolling plateau and low mountains in northeast") (wfb::natural-resource liberia iron_ore) (wfb::natural-resource liberia timber) (wfb::natural-resource liberia diamonds) (wfb::natural-resource liberia gold) (wfb::land_use liberia arable_land (* 1 %)) (wfb::land_use liberia permanent_crops (* 3 %)) (wfb::land_use liberia meadows_and_pastures (* 2 %)) (wfb::land_use liberia forest_and_woodland (* 39 %)) (wfb::land_use liberia other (* 55 %)) (wfb::irrigated_land liberia (* 20 sq_km)) (wfb::environment liberia current_issues "tropical rain forest subject to deforestation") (wfb::environment liberia current_issues "soil erosion") (wfb::environment liberia current_issues "loss of biodiversity") (wfb::environment liberia current_issues "pollution of rivers from the dumping of iron ore tailings and of coastal waters from oil residue and raw sewage") (wfb::environment liberia natural_hazards "dust-laden harmattan winds blow from the Sahara (December to March)") (wfb::environment liberia international_agreements "party to - Endangered Species, Nuclear Test Ban, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94") (wfb::environment liberia international_agreements "signed, but not ratified - Biodiversity, Climate Change, Environmental Modification, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation") (wfb::population liberia 3073245) (wfb::age_structure liberia 0-14_years (* 44 %)) (wfb::age_structure_by_sex liberia 0-14_years female 674155) (wfb::age_structure_by_sex liberia 0-14_years male 680952) (wfb::age_structure liberia 15-64_years (* 52 %)) (wfb::age_structure_by_sex liberia 15-64_years female 768147) (wfb::age_structure_by_sex liberia 15-64_years male 844326) (wfb::age_structure liberia 65_years_and_over (* 4 %)) (wfb::age_structure_by_sex liberia 65_years_and_over female 55575) (wfb::age_structure_by_sex liberia 65_years_and_over male 50090) (wfb::population_growth_rate liberia (* 3.32 %)) (wfb::birth_rate liberia (* 43.08 |births/1,000 population|)) (wfb::death_rate liberia (* 12.05 |deaths/1,000 population|)) (wfb::net_migration_rate liberia (* n/a |migrant(s)/1,000 population|)) (wfb::infant_mortality_rate liberia (* 110.6 |deaths/1,000 live births|)) (wfb::life_expectancy_at_birth liberia total_population (* 58.17 years)) (wfb::life_expectancy_at_birth liberia male (* 55.67 years)) (wfb::life_expectancy_at_birth liberia female (* 60.75 years)) (wfb::total_fertility_rate liberia (* 6.3 children_born/woman)) (wfb::nationality liberia noun "Liberian(s)") (wfb::nationality liberia adjective "Liberian") (wfb::ethnic-entity liberia indigenous_african_tribes (* 95 %)) (wfb::ethnic-entity liberia americo-liberians (* 5 %)) (wfb::religion liberia traditional (* 70 %)) (wfb::religion liberia muslim (* 20 %)) (wfb::religion liberia christian (* 10 %)) (wfb::language liberia english (* 20 %)) (wfb::literacy-condition liberia "age 15 and over can read and write") (wfb::literacy liberia total_population (* 40 %)) (wfb::literacy liberia male (* 50 %)) (wfb::literacy liberia female (* 29 %)) (wfb::labor_force_by_occupation liberia agriculture (* 70.5 %)) (wfb::labor_force_by_occupation liberia services (* 10.8 %)) (wfb::labor_force_by_occupation liberia industry_and_commerce (* 4.5 %)) (wfb::names liberia conventional_long_form "Republic of Liberia") (wfb::names liberia conventional_short_form "Liberia") (wfb::digraph liberia "LI") (type liberia "republic") (wfb::capital liberia monrovia-liberia) (wfb::administrative_divisions liberia adm_div_liberia_counties 13) (wfb::administrative_division_of liberia adm_div_liberia_counties "Bomi") (wfb::administrative_division_of liberia adm_div_liberia_counties "Bong") (wfb::administrative_division_of liberia adm_div_liberia_counties "Grand Bassa") (wfb::administrative_division_of liberia adm_div_liberia_counties "Grand Cape Mount") (wfb::administrative_division_of liberia adm_div_liberia_counties "Grand Gedeh") (wfb::administrative_division_of liberia adm_div_liberia_counties "Grand Kru") (wfb::administrative_division_of liberia adm_div_liberia_counties "Lofa") (wfb::administrative_division_of liberia adm_div_liberia_counties "Margibi") (wfb::administrative_division_of liberia adm_div_liberia_counties "Maryland") (wfb::administrative_division_of liberia adm_div_liberia_counties "Montserrado") (wfb::administrative_division_of liberia adm_div_liberia_counties "Nimba") (wfb::administrative_division_of liberia adm_div_liberia_counties "River Cess") (wfb::administrative_division_of liberia adm_div_liberia_counties "Sinoe") (wfb::independence liberia date_26_jul_1847 "n/a") (wfb::national_holiday liberia "Independence Day" date_26_jul) (wfb::constitution liberia "6 January 1986") (wfb::legal_system liberia "dual system of statutory law based on Anglo-American common law for the modern sector and customary law based on unwritten tribal practices for indigenous sector") (wfb::suffrage liberia (* 18 years_of_age)) (wfb::executive_branch liberia chief_of_state "Chairman of the Council of State David KPOMAKPOR " date_mar_1994) (wfb::executive_branch liberia head_of_government "Chairman of the Council of State David KPOMAKPOR " date_mar_1994) (wfb::executive_branch liberia cabinet "Cabinet") (wfb::judicial_branch liberia "Supreme Court") (wfb::political_parties_and_leaders liberia "National Democratic Party of Liberia (NDPL), Augustus CAINE, chairman; Liberian Action Party (LAP), Emmanuel KOROMAH, chairman; Unity Party (UP), Joseph KOFA, chairman; United People's Party (UPP), Gabriel Baccus MATTHEWS, chairman; National Patriotic Party (NPP), Charles TAYLOR, chairman; Liberian Peoples Party (LPP), Dusty WOLOKOLLIE, chairman") (wfb::member_of liberia acp) (wfb::member_of liberia afdb) (wfb::member_of liberia ccc) (wfb::member_of liberia eca) (wfb::member_of liberia ecowas) (wfb::member_of liberia fao) (wfb::member_of liberia g-77) (wfb::member_of liberia iaea) (wfb::member_of liberia ibrd) (wfb::member_of liberia icao) (wfb::member_of liberia icftu) (wfb::member_of liberia icrm) (wfb::member_of liberia ida) (wfb::member_of liberia ifad) (wfb::member_of liberia ifc) (wfb::member_of liberia ifrcs) (wfb::member_of liberia ilo) (wfb::member_of liberia imf) (wfb::member_of liberia imo) (wfb::member_of liberia inmarsat) (wfb::member_of liberia intelsat) (wfb::member_of liberia interpol) (wfb::member_of liberia ioc) (wfb::member_of liberia itu) (wfb::member_of liberia nam) (wfb::member_of liberia oau) (wfb::member_of liberia un) (wfb::member_of liberia unctad) (wfb::member_of liberia unesco) (wfb::member_of liberia unido) (wfb::member_of liberia upu) (wfb::member_of liberia wcl) (wfb::member_of liberia wftu) (wfb::member_of liberia who) (wfb::member_of liberia wipo) (wfb::member_of liberia wmo) (wfb::diplomatic_representation_in_us liberia chief_of_mission "(vacant); Charge d'Affaires Konah K. BLACKETT") (wfb::diplomatic_representation_in_us liberia chancery "5201 16th Street NW, Washington, DC 20011") (wfb::diplomatic_representation_in_us liberia telephone "[1] (202) 723-0437") (wfb::diplomatic_representation_in_us liberia |consulate(s) general| "New York") (wfb::us_diplomatic_representation liberia chief_of_mission "(vacant); Charge d' Affaires William P. TWADDELL") (wfb::us_diplomatic_representation liberia embassy "111 United Nations Drive, Monrovia") (wfb::us_diplomatic_representation liberia mailing_address "P. O. Box 100098, Mamba Point, Monrovia") (wfb::us_diplomatic_representation liberia telephone "[231] 222991 through 222994") (wfb::us_diplomatic_representation liberia fax "[231] 223710") (wfb::flag liberia "11 equal horizontal stripes of red (top and bottom) alternating with white; there is a white five-pointed star on a blue square in the upper hoist-side corner; the design was based on the US flag") (wfb::overview liberia "Civil war since 1990 has destroyed much of Liberia's economy, especially the infrastructure in and around Monrovia. Businessmen have fled the country, taking capital and expertise with them. Many will not return. Richly endowed with water, mineral resources, forests, and a climate favorable to agriculture, Liberia had been a producer and exporter of basic products, while local manufacturing, mainly foreign owned, had been small in scope. Political instability threatens prospects for economic reconstruction and repatriation of some 750,000 Liberian refugees who have fled to neighboring countries. The political impasse between the interim government and rebel leader Charles TAYLOR has prevented restoration of normal economic life, including the re-establishment of a strong central government with effective economic development programs. The economy deteriorated further in 1994.") (wfb::national_product liberia (* 2.3e+9 $)) (wfb::national_product_real_growth_rate liberia (* n/a %)) (wfb::national_product_per_capita liberia (* 770 $)) (wfb::|Inflation rate (consumer prices)| liberia "NA%") (wfb::unemployment_rate liberia (* n/a %)) (wfb::budget liberia revenues (* 2.421e+8 $)) (wfb::budget liberia expenditures (* 4.354e+8 $)) (wfb::budget liberia capital_expenditures (* 2.95e+7 $)) (wfb::exports liberia (* 5.05e+8 $)) (wfb::exports liberia commodities iron_ore-commodity (* 61 %)) (wfb::exports liberia commodities rubber (* 20 %)) (wfb::exports liberia commodities timber-commodity (* 11 %)) (wfb::exports liberia commodities coffee n/a) (wfb::exports liberia partners us n/a) (wfb::exports liberia partners ec n/a) (wfb::exports liberia partners netherlands n/a) (wfb::imports liberia (* 3.94e+8 $)) (wfb::imports liberia commodities mineral_fuels n/a) (wfb::imports liberia commodities chemicals-commodity n/a) (wfb::imports liberia commodities machinery n/a) (wfb::imports liberia commodities transportation_equipment n/a) (wfb::imports liberia commodities rice_and_other_foodstuffs n/a) (wfb::imports liberia partners us n/a) (wfb::imports liberia partners ec n/a) (wfb::imports liberia partners japan n/a) (wfb::imports liberia partners china n/a) (wfb::imports liberia partners netherlands n/a) (wfb::imports liberia partners ecowas-region n/a) (wfb::external_debt liberia (* 2.1e+9 $)) (wfb::electricity liberia capacity (* 330000 kw)) (wfb::electricity liberia production (* 4.4e+8 kwh)) (wfb::electricity liberia consumption_per_capita (* 143 kwh)) (wfb::industry liberia rubber_processing) (wfb::industry liberia food_processing) (wfb::industry liberia construction_materials-industry) (wfb::industry liberia furniture) (wfb::industry liberia palm_oil_processing) (wfb::industry liberia |mining (iron ore, diamonds)|) (wfb::agriculture liberia "accounts for about 40% of GDP (including fishing and forestry); principal products - rubber, timber, coffee, cocoa, rice, cassava, palm oil, sugarcane, bananas, sheep, goats; not self-sufficient in food, imports 25% of rice consumption") (wfb::illicit_drugs liberia "increasingly a transshipment point for heroin and cocaine") (wfb::economic_aid liberia recipient "US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-89), $665 million; Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-89), $870 million; OPEC bilateral aid (1979-89), $25 million; Communist countries (1970-89), $77 million") (wfb::currency liberia liberian_dollar 100 cents) (wfb::exchange_rates liberia "Liberian dollars (L$) per US$1 - 1.00 (officially fixed rate since 1940); unofficial parallel exchange rate of US$1 - L$7 (January 1992), unofficial rate floats against the US dollar") (wfb::fiscal_year liberia date_1_jan date_31_dec) (wfb::railroads liberia total "490 km (single track); note - three rail systems owned and operated by foreign steel and financial interests in conjunction with Liberian Government; one of these, the Lamco Railroad, closed in 1989 after iron ore production ceased; the other two have been shut down by the civil war") (wfb::railroads liberia standard_gauge "345 km 1.435-m gauge") (wfb::railroads liberia narrow_gauge "145 km 1.067-m gauge") (wfb::highways liberia total (* 10087 km)) (wfb::highways liberia paved (* 603 km)) (wfb::highways liberia gravel (* 5171 km)) (wfb::highways liberia earth (* 4313 km)) (wfb::port liberia buchanan-liberia) (wfb::port liberia greenville-liberia) (wfb::port liberia harper-liberia) (wfb::port liberia monrovia-liberia) (wfb::merchant_marine liberia total "1,549 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 56,709,634 GRT/97,038,680 DWT") (wfb::merchant_marine liberia ships_by_type "barge carrier 3, bulk 392, cargo 121, chemical tanker 114, combination bulk 33, combination ore/oil 57, container 124, liquefied gas tanker 75, oil tanker 459, passenger 32, passenger-cargo 1, refrigerated cargo 58, roll-on/roll-off cargo 18, short-sea passenger 1, specialized tanker 7, vehicle carrier 54") (wfb::airports liberia total 59) (wfb::airports liberia |with paved runways over 3,047 m| 1) (wfb::airports liberia |with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m| 1) (wfb::airports liberia with_paved_runways_under_914_m 43) (wfb::airports liberia |with unpaved runways 1,524 to 2,438 m| 3) (wfb::airports liberia |with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m| 11) (wfb::telephone_system liberia "NA telephones; telephone and telegraph service via radio relay network; main center is Monrovia; most telecommunications services inoperable due to insurgency movement") (wfb::telephone_system liberia local "NA") (wfb::telephone_system liberia intercity "NA") (wfb::telephone_system liberia international "1 INTELSAT (Atlantic Ocean) earth station") (wfb::radio liberia broadcast_stations am 3) (wfb::radio liberia broadcast_stations fm 4) (wfb::radio liberia broadcast_stations shortwave 0) (wfb::radio liberia radios n/a) (wfb::television liberia broadcast_stations 5) (wfb::television liberia televisions n/a) (wfb::manpower_availability liberia "males age 15-49 732,063; males fit for military service 390,849 (1995 est.)") (wfb::defense_expenditures liberia (* 3.0e+7 $)) (wfb::defense_expenditures liberia (* 2 %_of_gdp)))) (libya ((wfb::location libya "Northern Africa, bordering the Mediterranean Sea, between Egypt and Tunisia") (wfb::map_references libya "Africa") (wfb::area libya total_area (* 1759540 sq_km)) (wfb::area libya land_area (* 1759540 sq_km)) (wfb::area libya comparative_area "slightly larger than Alaska") (wfb::borders libya total (* 4383 km)) (wfb::borders libya algeria (* 982 km)) (wfb::borders libya chad (* 1055 km)) (wfb::borders libya egypt (* 1150 km)) (wfb::borders libya niger (* 354 km)) (wfb::borders libya sudan (* 383 km)) (wfb::borders libya tunisia (* 459 km)) (wfb::coastline libya (* 1770 km)) (wfb::maritime_claims libya territorial_sea (* 12 nm)) (wfb::international_disputes libya "the International Court of Justice (ICJ) ruled in February 1994 that the 100,000 sq km Aozou Strip between Chad and Libya belongs to Chad, and that Libya must withdraw from it by 31 May 1994") (wfb::international_disputes libya "Libya has withdrawn some its forces in response to the ICJ ruling, but still maintains an airfield in the disputed area") (wfb::international_disputes libya "maritime boundary dispute with Tunisia") (wfb::international_disputes libya "claims part of northern Niger and part of southeastern Algeria") (wfb::climate libya "Mediterranean along coast") (wfb::climate libya "dry, extreme desert interior") (wfb::terrain libya "mostly barren, flat to undulating plains, plateaus, depressions") (wfb::natural-resource libya petroleum) (wfb::natural-resource libya natural_gas) (wfb::natural-resource libya gypsum) (wfb::land_use libya arable_land (* 2 %)) (wfb::land_use libya permanent_crops (* 0 %)) (wfb::land_use libya meadows_and_pastures (* 8 %)) (wfb::land_use libya forest_and_woodland (* 0 %)) (wfb::land_use libya other (* 90 %)) (wfb::irrigated_land libya (* 2420 sq_km)) (wfb::environment libya current_issues "desertification") (wfb::environment libya current_issues "very limited natural fresh water resources") (wfb::environment libya current_issues "the Great Manmade River Project, the largest water development scheme in the world, is being built to bring water from large aquifers under the Sahara to coastal cities") (wfb::environment libya natural_hazards "hot, dry, dust-laden ghibli is a southern wind lasting one to four days in spring and fall") (wfb::environment libya natural_hazards "duststorms, sandstorms") (wfb::environment libya international_agreements "party to - Marine Dumping, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection") (wfb::environment libya international_agreements "signed, but not ratified - Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Law of the Sea") (wfb::population libya 5248401) (wfb::age_structure libya 0-14_years (* 48 %)) (wfb::age_structure_by_sex libya 0-14_years female 1226851) (wfb::age_structure_by_sex libya 0-14_years male 1269813) (wfb::age_structure libya 15-64_years (* 49 %)) (wfb::age_structure_by_sex libya 15-64_years female 1261424) (wfb::age_structure_by_sex libya 15-64_years male 1331093) (wfb::age_structure libya 65_years_and_over (* 3 %)) (wfb::age_structure_by_sex libya 65_years_and_over female 76017) (wfb::age_structure_by_sex libya 65_years_and_over male 83203) (wfb::population_growth_rate libya (* 3.7 %)) (wfb::birth_rate libya (* 44.89 |births/1,000 population|)) (wfb::death_rate libya (* 7.91 |deaths/1,000 population|)) (wfb::net_migration_rate libya (* 0 |migrant(s)/1,000 population|)) (wfb::infant_mortality_rate libya (* 61.4 |deaths/1,000 live births|)) (wfb::life_expectancy_at_birth libya total_population (* 64.29 years)) (wfb::life_expectancy_at_birth libya male (* 62.12 years)) (wfb::life_expectancy_at_birth libya female (* 66.57 years)) (wfb::total_fertility_rate libya (* 6.32 children_born/woman)) (wfb::nationality libya noun "Libyan(s)") (wfb::nationality libya adjective "Libyan") (wfb::ethnic-entity libya berber_and_arab (* 97 %)) (wfb::ethnic-entity libya greeks n/a) (wfb::ethnic-entity libya maltese n/a) (wfb::ethnic-entity libya italians n/a) (wfb::ethnic-entity libya egyptians n/a) (wfb::ethnic-entity libya pakistanis n/a) (wfb::ethnic-entity libya turks n/a) (wfb::ethnic-entity libya indians n/a) (wfb::ethnic-entity libya tunisians n/a) (wfb::religion libya sunni_muslim (* 97 %)) (wfb::language libya arabic n/a) (wfb::language libya italian n/a) (wfb::language libya english n/a) (wfb::language libya all_are_widely_understood_in_the_major_cities n/a) (wfb::literacy-condition libya "age 15 and over can read and write") (wfb::literacy libya total_population (* 60 %)) (wfb::literacy libya male (* 77 %)) (wfb::literacy libya female (* 42 %)) (wfb::labor_force_by_occupation libya industry (* 31 %)) (wfb::labor_force_by_occupation libya services (* 27 %)) (wfb::labor_force_by_occupation libya government (* 24 %)) (wfb::labor_force_by_occupation libya agriculture (* 18 %)) (wfb::names libya conventional_long_form "Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriya") (wfb::names libya conventional_short_form "Libya") (wfb::names libya local_long_form "Al Jumahiriyah al Arabiyah al Libiyah ash Shabiyah al Ishirakiyah") (wfb::digraph libya "LY") (type libya "Jamahiriya (a state of the masses) in theory, governed by the populace through local councils; in fact, a military dictatorship") (wfb::capital libya tripoli-libya) (wfb::administrative_divisions libya adm_div_libya_municipalities 25) (wfb::administrative_division_of libya adm_div_libya_municipalities "Ajdabiya") (wfb::administrative_division_of libya adm_div_libya_municipalities "Al 'Aziziyah") (wfb::administrative_division_of libya adm_div_libya_municipalities "Al Fatih") (wfb::administrative_division_of libya adm_div_libya_municipalities "Al Jabal al Akhdar") (wfb::administrative_division_of libya adm_div_libya_municipalities "Al Jufrah") (wfb::administrative_division_of libya adm_div_libya_municipalities "Al Khums") (wfb::administrative_division_of libya adm_div_libya_municipalities "Al Kufrah") (wfb::administrative_division_of libya adm_div_libya_municipalities "An Nuqat al Khams") (wfb::administrative_division_of libya adm_div_libya_municipalities "Ash Shati'") (wfb::administrative_division_of libya adm_div_libya_municipalities "Awbari") (wfb::administrative_division_of libya adm_div_libya_municipalities "Az Zawiyah") (wfb::administrative_division_of libya adm_div_libya_municipalities "Banghazi") (wfb::administrative_division_of libya adm_div_libya_municipalities "Darnah") (wfb::administrative_division_of libya adm_div_libya_municipalities "Ghadamis") (wfb::administrative_division_of libya adm_div_libya_municipalities "Gharyan") (wfb::administrative_division_of libya adm_div_libya_municipalities "Misratah") (wfb::administrative_division_of libya adm_div_libya_municipalities "Murzuq") (wfb::administrative_division_of libya adm_div_libya_municipalities "Sabha") (wfb::administrative_division_of libya adm_div_libya_municipalities "Sawfajjin") (wfb::administrative_division_of libya adm_div_libya_municipalities "Surt") (wfb::administrative_division_of libya adm_div_libya_municipalities "Tarabulus") (wfb::administrative_division_of libya adm_div_libya_municipalities "Tarhunah") (wfb::administrative_division_of libya adm_div_libya_municipalities "Tubruq") (wfb::administrative_division_of libya adm_div_libya_municipalities "Yafran") (wfb::administrative_division_of libya adm_div_libya_municipalities "Zlitan") (wfb::independence libya date_24_dec_1951 "Italy") (wfb::national_holiday libya "Revolution Day" date_1_sep) (wfb::constitution libya "11 December 1969, amended 2 March 1977") (wfb::legal_system libya "based on Italian civil law system and Islamic law; separate religious courts; no constitutional provision for judicial review of legislative acts; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction") (wfb::suffrage libya (* 18 years_of_age)) (wfb::executive_branch libya chief_of_state "Revolutionary Leader Col. Mu'ammar Abu Minyar al-QADHAFI " date_1_sep_1969) (wfb::executive_branch libya head_of_government "Chairman of the General People's Committee (Premier) Abd al Majid al-Qa'ud " date_29_jan_1994) (wfb::executive_branch libya cabinet "General People's Committee") (wfb::legislative_structure libya unicameral n/a) (wfb::legislative_branch libya "General People's Congress" "national elections are indirect through a hierarchy of peoples' committees") (wfb::judicial_branch libya "Supreme Court") (wfb::political_parties_and_leaders libya "none") (wfb::other_political_or_pressure_groups libya "various Arab nationalist movements with almost negligible memberships may be functioning clandestinely, as well as some Islamic elements") (wfb::member_of libya abeda) (wfb::member_of libya afdb) (wfb::member_of libya afesd) (wfb::member_of libya al) (wfb::member_of libya amf) (wfb::member_of libya amu) (wfb::member_of libya caeu) (wfb::member_of libya ccc) (wfb::member_of libya eca) (wfb::member_of libya fao) (wfb::member_of libya g-77) (wfb::member_of libya iaea) (wfb::member_of libya ibrd) (wfb::member_of libya icao) (wfb::member_of libya icrm) (wfb::member_of libya ida) (wfb::member_of libya idb) (wfb::member_of libya ifad) (wfb::member_of libya ifc) (wfb::member_of libya ifrcs) (wfb::member_of libya ilo) (wfb::member_of libya imf) (wfb::member_of libya imo) (wfb::member_of libya intelsat) (wfb::member_of libya interpol) (wfb::member_of libya ioc) (wfb::member_of libya iso) (wfb::member_of libya itu) (wfb::member_of libya nam) (wfb::member_of libya oapec) (wfb::member_of libya oau) (wfb::member_of libya oic) (wfb::member_of libya opec) (wfb::member_of libya un) (wfb::member_of libya unctad) (wfb::member_of libya unesco) (wfb::member_of libya unido) (wfb::member_of libya unitar) (wfb::member_of libya upu) (wfb::member_of libya wftu) (wfb::member_of libya who) (wfb::member_of libya wipo) (wfb::member_of libya wmo) (wfb::member_of libya wto) (wfb::diplomatic_representation_in_us libya "none") (wfb::us_diplomatic_representation libya "none") (wfb::flag libya "plain green; green is the traditional color of Islam (the state religion)") (wfb::overview libya "The socialist-oriented economy depends primarily upon revenues from the oil sector, which contributes practically all export earnings and about one-third of GDP. In 1990 per capita GDP was the highest in Africa at $5,410, but GDP growth rates have slowed and fluctuated sharply in response to changes in the world oil market. Import restrictions and inefficient resource allocations have led to periodic shortages of basic goods and foodstuffs. Windfall revenues from the hike in world oil prices in late 1990 improved the foreign payments position and resulted in a current account surplus through 1992. The nonoil manufacturing and construction sectors, which account for about 20% of GDP, have expanded from processing mostly agricultural products to include petrochemicals, iron, steel, and aluminum. Although agriculture accounts for only 5% of GDP, it employs 18% of the labor force. Climatic conditions and poor soils severely limit farm output, and Libya imports about 75% of its food requirements. The UN sanctions imposed in April 1992 have not yet had a major impact on the economy because Libya's oil revenues generate sufficient foreign exchange which sustains imports of food, consumer goods, and equipment for the oil industry and ongoing development projects.") (wfb::national_product libya (* 3.29e+10 $)) (wfb::national_product_real_growth_rate libya (* -0.9 %)) (wfb::national_product_per_capita libya (* 6510 $)) (wfb::|Inflation rate (consumer prices)| libya "25% (1993 est.)") (wfb::unemployment_rate libya (* n/a %)) (wfb::budget libya revenues (* 8.0999997e+9 $)) (wfb::budget libya expenditures (* 9.799999e+9 $)) (wfb::budget libya capital_expenditures (* 3.1e+9 $)) (wfb::exports libya (* 7.2e+9 $)) (wfb::exports libya commodities crude_oil n/a) (wfb::exports libya commodities refined_petroleum_products n/a) (wfb::exports libya commodities natural_gas-commodity n/a) (wfb::exports libya partners italy n/a) (wfb::exports libya partners germany n/a) (wfb::exports libya partners spain n/a) (wfb::exports libya partners france n/a) (wfb::exports libya partners uk n/a) (wfb::exports libya partners turkey n/a) (wfb::exports libya partners greece n/a) (wfb::exports libya partners egypt n/a) (wfb::imports libya (* 6.8999997e+9 $)) (wfb::imports libya commodities machinery n/a) (wfb::imports libya commodities transport_equipment n/a) (wfb::imports libya commodities food n/a) (wfb::imports libya commodities manufactured_goods n/a) (wfb::imports libya partners italy n/a) (wfb::imports libya partners germany n/a) (wfb::imports libya partners uk n/a) (wfb::imports libya partners france n/a) (wfb::imports libya partners spain n/a) (wfb::imports libya partners turkey n/a) (wfb::imports libya partners tunisia n/a) (wfb::imports libya partners eastern_europe n/a) (wfb::industrial_production libya growth_rate (* 10.5 %)) (wfb::electricity libya capacity (* 4600000 kw)) (wfb::electricity libya production (* 1.61e+10 kwh)) (wfb::electricity libya consumption_per_capita (* 3078 kwh)) (wfb::industry libya petroleum-industry) (wfb::industry libya food_processing) (wfb::industry libya textiles) (wfb::industry libya handicrafts) (wfb::industry libya cement) (wfb::agriculture libya "5% of GDP; cash crops - wheat, barley, olives, dates, citrus fruits, peanuts; 75% of food is imported") (wfb::economic_aid libya recipient "Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-87), $242 million") (wfb::currency libya libyan_dinar 1000 dirhams) (wfb::exchange_rates libya "Libyan dinars (LD) per US$1 - 0.3555 (January 1995), 0.3596 (1994), 0.3250 (1993), 0.3013 (1992), 0.2684 (1991), 0.2699 (1990)") (wfb::fiscal_year libya date_1_jan date_31_dec) (wfb::highways libya total (* 19300 km)) (wfb::highways libya bituminous (* 10800 km)) (wfb::highways libya (union gravel earth) (* 8500 km)) (wfb::inland_waterways libya "none") (wfb::port libya al_khums-libya) (wfb::port libya banghazi-libya) (wfb::port libya darnah-libya) (wfb::port libya marsa_al_burayqah-libya) (wfb::port libya misratah-libya) (wfb::port libya |Ra's Lanuf-libya|) (wfb::port libya tobruk-libya) (wfb::port libya tripoli-libya) (wfb::port libya zuwarah-libya) (wfb::merchant_marine libya total "30 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 686,136 GRT/1,208,194 DWT") (wfb::merchant_marine libya ships_by_type "cargo 10, chemical tanker 1, liquefied gas tanker 2, oil tanker 10, roll-on/roll-off cargo 3, short-sea passenger 4") (wfb::airports libya total 146) (wfb::airports libya |with paved runways over 3,047 m| 24) (wfb::airports libya |with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m| 5) (wfb::airports libya |with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m| 22) (wfb::airports libya |with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m| 6) (wfb::airports libya with_paved_runways_under_914_m 21) (wfb::airports libya |with unpaved runways over 3,047 m| 4) (wfb::airports libya |with unpaved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m| 3) (wfb::airports libya |with unpaved runways 1,524 to 2,438 m| 17) (wfb::airports libya |with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m| 44) (wfb::telephone_system libya "370,000 telephones; modern telecommunications system") (wfb::telephone_system libya local "NA") (wfb::telephone_system libya intercity "microwave radio relay, coaxial cable, tropospheric scatter, and 14 domestic satellites") (wfb::telephone_system libya international "2 INTELSAT (1 Atlantic Ocean and 1 Indian Ocean) satellite earth stations; submarine cables to France and Italy; microwave radio relay to Tunisia and Egypt; tropospheric scatter to Greece; planned ARABSAT and Intersputnik satellite earth stations") (wfb::radio libya broadcast_stations am 17) (wfb::radio libya broadcast_stations fm 3) (wfb::radio libya broadcast_stations shortwave 0) (wfb::radio libya radios n/a) (wfb::television libya broadcast_stations 12) (wfb::television libya televisions n/a) (wfb::defense_branch libya armed_peoples_of_the_libyan_arab_jamahiriyah_libya) (wfb::defense_branch libya police_libya) (wfb::manpower_availability libya "males age 15-49 1,131,175; males fit for military service 672,571; males reach military age (17) annually 54,676 (1995 est.)") (wfb::defense_expenditures libya (* 1.4e+9 $)) (wfb::defense_expenditures libya (* 6.1 %_of_gdp)))) (madagascar ((wfb::location madagascar "Southern Africa, island in the Indian Ocean, east of Mozambique") (wfb::map_references madagascar "Africa") (wfb::area madagascar total_area (* 587040 sq_km)) (wfb::area madagascar land_area (* 581540 sq_km)) (wfb::area madagascar comparative_area "slightly less than twice the size of Arizona") (wfb::coastline madagascar (* 4828 km)) (wfb::maritime_claims madagascar contiguous_zone (* 24 nm)) (wfb::maritime_claims madagascar exclusive_economic_zone (* 200 nm)) (wfb::maritime_claims madagascar territorial_sea (* 12 nm)) (wfb::international_disputes madagascar "claims Bassas da India, Europa Island, Glorioso Islands, Juan de Nova Island, and Tromelin Island (all administered by France)") (wfb::climate madagascar "tropical along coast, temperate inland, arid in south") (wfb::terrain madagascar "narrow coastal plain, high plateau and mountains in center") (wfb::natural-resource madagascar graphite) (wfb::natural-resource madagascar chromite) (wfb::natural-resource madagascar coal) (wfb::natural-resource madagascar bauxite) (wfb::natural-resource madagascar salt) (wfb::natural-resource madagascar quartz) (wfb::natural-resource madagascar tar_sands) (wfb::natural-resource madagascar semiprecious_stones) (wfb::natural-resource madagascar mica) (wfb::natural-resource madagascar fish) (wfb::land_use madagascar arable_land (* 4 %)) (wfb::land_use madagascar permanent_crops (* 1 %)) (wfb::land_use madagascar meadows_and_pastures (* 58 %)) (wfb::land_use madagascar forest_and_woodland (* 26 %)) (wfb::land_use madagascar other (* 11 %)) (wfb::irrigated_land madagascar (* 9000 sq_km)) (wfb::environment madagascar current_issues "soil erosion results from deforestation and overgrazing") (wfb::environment madagascar current_issues "desertification") (wfb::environment madagascar current_issues "surface water contaminated with raw sewage and other organic wastes") (wfb::environment madagascar current_issues "several species of flora and fauna unique to the island are endangered") (wfb::environment madagascar natural_hazards "periodic cyclones") (wfb::environment madagascar international_agreements "party to - Endangered Species, Marine Life Conservation, Nuclear Test Ban") (wfb::environment madagascar international_agreements "signed, but not ratified - Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Law of the Sea") (wfb::note madagascar "world's fourth-largest island; strategic location along Mozambique Channel") (wfb::population madagascar 13862325) (wfb::age_structure madagascar 0-14_years (* 47 %)) (wfb::age_structure_by_sex madagascar 0-14_years female 3231647) (wfb::age_structure_by_sex madagascar 0-14_years male 3265715) (wfb::age_structure madagascar 15-64_years (* 50 %)) (wfb::age_structure_by_sex madagascar 15-64_years female 3511699) (wfb::age_structure_by_sex madagascar 15-64_years male 3413564) (wfb::age_structure madagascar 65_years_and_over (* 3 %)) (wfb::age_structure_by_sex madagascar 65_years_and_over female 225205) (wfb::age_structure_by_sex madagascar 65_years_and_over male 214495) (wfb::population_growth_rate madagascar (* 3.18 %)) (wfb::birth_rate madagascar (* 44.82 |births/1,000 population|)) (wfb::death_rate madagascar (* 12.99 |deaths/1,000 population|)) (wfb::net_migration_rate madagascar (* 0 |migrant(s)/1,000 population|)) (wfb::infant_mortality_rate madagascar (* 86.9 |deaths/1,000 live births|)) (wfb::life_expectancy_at_birth madagascar total_population (* 54.45 years)) (wfb::life_expectancy_at_birth madagascar male (* 52.47 years)) (wfb::life_expectancy_at_birth madagascar female (* 56.48 years)) (wfb::total_fertility_rate madagascar (* 6.62 children_born/woman)) (wfb::nationality madagascar noun "Malagasy (singular and plural)") (wfb::nationality madagascar adjective "Malagasy") (wfb::ethnic-entity madagascar malayo-indonesian n/a) (wfb::ethnic-entity madagascar cotiers n/a) (wfb::ethnic-entity madagascar french-ethnic-entity n/a) (wfb::ethnic-entity madagascar indian n/a) (wfb::ethnic-entity madagascar creole-ethnic-entity n/a) (wfb::ethnic-entity madagascar comoran-ethnic-entity n/a) (wfb::religion madagascar indigenous_beliefs (* 52 %)) (wfb::religion madagascar christian (* 41 %)) (wfb::religion madagascar muslim (* 7 %)) (wfb::language madagascar french n/a) (wfb::language madagascar malagasy n/a) (wfb::literacy-condition madagascar "age 15 and over can read and write") (wfb::literacy madagascar total_population (* 80 %)) (wfb::literacy madagascar male (* 88 %)) (wfb::literacy madagascar female (* 73 %)) (wfb::names madagascar conventional_long_form "Republic of Madagascar") (wfb::names madagascar conventional_short_form "Madagascar") (wfb::names madagascar local_long_form "Republique de Madagascar") (wfb::names madagascar local_short_form "Madagascar") (wfb::names madagascar former "Malagasy Republic") (wfb::digraph madagascar "MA") (type madagascar "republic") (wfb::capital madagascar antananarivo-madagascar) (wfb::administrative_divisions madagascar adm_div_madagascar_provinces 6) (wfb::administrative_division_of madagascar adm_div_madagascar_provinces "Antananarivo") (wfb::administrative_division_of madagascar adm_div_madagascar_provinces "Antsiranana") (wfb::administrative_division_of madagascar adm_div_madagascar_provinces "Fianarantsoa") (wfb::administrative_division_of madagascar adm_div_madagascar_provinces "Mahajanga") (wfb::administrative_division_of madagascar adm_div_madagascar_provinces "Toamasina") (wfb::administrative_division_of madagascar adm_div_madagascar_provinces "Toliary") (wfb::independence madagascar date_26_jun_1960 "France") (wfb::national_holiday madagascar "Independence Day" date_26_jun) (wfb::constitution madagascar "19 August 1992 by national referendum") (wfb::legal_system madagascar "based on French civil law system and traditional Malagasy law; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction") (wfb::suffrage madagascar (* 18 years_of_age)) (wfb::executive_branch madagascar chief_of_state "President Albert ZAFY " date_9_mar_1993) (wfb::executive_branch madagascar head_of_government "Prime Minister Francisque RAVONY " date_9_aug_1993) (wfb::executive_branch madagascar cabinet "Council of Ministers") (wfb::legislative_structure madagascar bicameral "Parliament") (wfb::legislative_branch madagascar "Senate (Senat)" "two-thirds of upper house seats are to be filled from popularly elected regional assemblies; the remaining third is to be filled by presidential appointment; decentralization and formation of regional assemblies is not expected before 1997") (wfb::legislative_branch madagascar "National Assembly (Assemblee Nationale)" "elections last held on 16 June 1993 (next to be held June 1997); results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (138 total) CFV coalition 76, PMDM/MFM 16, CSCD 11, Famima 10, RPSD 7, various pro-Ratsiraka groups 10, others 8") (wfb::judicial_branch madagascar "Supreme Court (Cour Supreme), High Constitutional Court (Haute Cour Constitutionnelle)") (wfb::political_parties_and_leaders madagascar "Committee of Living Forces (CFV), an alliance of National Union for Development and Democracy (UNDD), Support Group for Democracy and Development in Madagascar (CSDDM), Action and Reflection Group for the Development of Madagascar (GRAD), Congress Party for Madagascar Independence - Renewal (AKFM-Fanavaozana), and some 12 other parties, trade unions, and religious groups; Militant Party for the Development of Madagascar (PMDM/MFM), formerly the Movement for Proletarian Power, Manandafy RAKOTONIRINA; Confederation of Civil Societies for Development (CSCD), Guy Willy RAZANAMASY; Association of United Malagasys (Famima); Rally for Social Democracy (RPSD), Pierre TSIRANANA") (wfb::other_political_or_pressure_groups madagascar "National Council of Christian Churches (FFKM); Federalist Movement") (wfb::member_of madagascar acct) (wfb::member_of madagascar acp) (wfb::member_of madagascar afdb) (wfb::member_of madagascar ccc) (wfb::member_of madagascar eca) (wfb::member_of madagascar fao) (wfb::member_of madagascar g-77) (wfb::member_of madagascar gatt) (wfb::member_of madagascar iaea) (wfb::member_of madagascar ibrd) (wfb::member_of madagascar icao) (wfb::member_of madagascar icc) (wfb::member_of madagascar icftu) (wfb::member_of madagascar icrm) (wfb::member_of madagascar ida) (wfb::member_of madagascar ifad) (wfb::member_of madagascar ifc) (wfb::member_of madagascar ifrcs) (wfb::member_of madagascar ilo) (wfb::member_of madagascar imf) (wfb::member_of madagascar imo) (wfb::member_of madagascar intelsat) (wfb::member_of madagascar interpol) (wfb::member_of madagascar ioc) (wfb::member_of madagascar itu) (wfb::member_of madagascar nam) (wfb::member_of madagascar oau) (wfb::member_of madagascar un) (wfb::member_of madagascar unctad) (wfb::member_of madagascar unesco) (wfb::member_of madagascar unhcr) (wfb::member_of madagascar unido) (wfb::member_of madagascar unmih) (wfb::member_of madagascar upu) (wfb::member_of madagascar wcl) (wfb::member_of madagascar wftu) (wfb::member_of madagascar who) (wfb::member_of madagascar wipo) (wfb::member_of madagascar wmo) (wfb::member_of madagascar wto) (wfb::diplomatic_representation_in_us madagascar chief_of_mission "Ambassador Pierrot Jocelyn RAJAONARIVELO") (wfb::diplomatic_representation_in_us madagascar chancery "2374 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008") (wfb::diplomatic_representation_in_us madagascar telephone "[1] (202) 265-5525, 5526") (wfb::diplomatic_representation_in_us madagascar |consulate(s) general| "New York") (wfb::us_diplomatic_representation madagascar chief_of_mission "Ambassador Dennis P. BARRETT") (wfb::us_diplomatic_representation madagascar embassy "14-16 Rue Rainitovo, Antsahavola, Antananarivo") (wfb::us_diplomatic_representation madagascar mailing_address "B. P. 620, Antananarivo") (wfb::us_diplomatic_representation madagascar telephone "[261] (2) 212-57, 200-89, 207-18") (wfb::us_diplomatic_representation madagascar fax "[261] (2) 345-39") (wfb::flag madagascar "two equal horizontal bands of red (top) and green with a vertical white band of the same width on hoist side") (wfb::overview madagascar "Madagascar is one of the poorest countries in the world, suffering from chronic malnutrition, underfunded health and education facilities, a 3% annual population growth rate, and severe loss of forest cover, accompanied by erosion. Agriculture, including fishing and forestry, is the mainstay of the economy, accounting for over 30% of GDP and contributing more than 70% of total export earnings. Industry is largely confined to the processing of agricultural products and textile manufacturing; in 1991 it accounted for only 13% of GDP. In 1986 the government introduced a five-year development plan that stressed self-sufficiency in food (mainly rice) by 1990, increased production for exports, and reduced energy imports. Subsequently, growth in output has been held back because of protracted antigovernment strikes and demonstrations for political reform. Since 1993, corruption and political instability have caused the economy and infrastructure to decay further. Since April 1994, the government commitment to economic reforms has been erratic. Enormous obstacles stand in the way of Madagascar's realizing its considerable growth potential.") (wfb::national_product madagascar (* 1.0599999e+10 $)) (wfb::national_product_real_growth_rate madagascar (* 2.8 %)) (wfb::national_product_per_capita madagascar (* 790 $)) (wfb::|Inflation rate (consumer prices)| madagascar "35% (1994 est.)") (wfb::unemployment_rate madagascar (* n/a %)) (wfb::budget madagascar revenues (* 2.5e+8 $)) (wfb::budget madagascar expenditures (* 2.65e+8 $)) (wfb::budget madagascar capital_expenditures (* 1.8e+8 $)) (wfb::exports madagascar (* 2.4e+8 $)) (wfb::exports madagascar commodities coffee (* 45 %)) (wfb::exports madagascar commodities vanilla (* 20 %)) (wfb::exports madagascar commodities cloves (* 11 %)) (wfb::exports madagascar commodities shellfish n/a) (wfb::exports madagascar commodities sugar-commodity n/a) (wfb::exports madagascar commodities petroleum_products-commodity n/a) (wfb::exports madagascar partners france n/a) (wfb::exports madagascar partners us n/a) (wfb::exports madagascar partners germany n/a) (wfb::exports madagascar partners japan n/a) (wfb::exports madagascar partners russia n/a) (wfb::imports madagascar (* 5.1e+8 $)) (wfb::imports madagascar commodities intermediate_manufactures (* 30 %)) (wfb::imports madagascar commodities capital_goods (* 28 %)) (wfb::imports madagascar commodities petroleum-commodity (* 15 %)) (wfb::imports madagascar commodities consumer_goods (* 14 %)) (wfb::imports madagascar commodities food (* 13 %)) (wfb::imports madagascar partners france n/a) (wfb::imports madagascar partners germany n/a) (wfb::imports madagascar partners japan n/a) (wfb::imports madagascar partners uk n/a) (wfb::imports madagascar partners italy n/a) (wfb::imports madagascar partners netherlands n/a) (wfb::external_debt madagascar (* 4.3000003e+9 $)) (wfb::industrial_production madagascar growth_rate (* 3.8 %)) (wfb::industrial_production madagascar accounts_for (* 13 %_of_gdp)) (wfb::electricity madagascar capacity (* 220000 kw)) (wfb::electricity madagascar production (* 5.6e+8 kwh)) (wfb::electricity madagascar consumption_per_capita (* 40 kwh)) (wfb::industry madagascar |agricultural processing (meat canneries, soap factories, breweries, tanneries, sugar refining plants)|) (wfb::industry madagascar |light consumer goods industries (textiles, glassware)|) (wfb::industry madagascar cement) (wfb::industry madagascar automobile_assembly_plant) (wfb::industry madagascar paper) (wfb::industry madagascar petroleum-industry) (wfb::agriculture madagascar "accounts for 31% of GDP; cash crops - coffee, vanilla, sugarcane, cloves, cocoa; food crops - rice, cassava, beans, bananas, peanuts; cattle raising widespread; almost self-sufficient in rice") (wfb::illicit_drugs madagascar "illicit producer of cannabis (cultivated and wild varieties) used mostly for domestic consumption") (wfb::economic_aid madagascar recipient "US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-89), $136 million; Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-89), $3.125 billion; Communist countries (1970-89), $491 million") (wfb::currency madagascar malagasy_franc 100 centimes) (wfb::exchange_rates madagascar "Malagasy francs (FMG) per US$1 - 3,718.0 (November 1994), 1,913.8 (1993), 1,864.0 (1992), 1,835.4 (1991), 1,454.6 (December 1990)") (wfb::fiscal_year madagascar date_1_jan date_31_dec) (wfb::railroads madagascar total "1,020 km") (wfb::railroads madagascar narrow_gauge "1,020 km 1.000-m gauge") (wfb::highways madagascar total (* 40000 km)) (wfb::highways madagascar paved (* 4694 km)) (wfb::highways madagascar (union gravel crushed_stone stabilized_earth) (* 811 km)) (wfb::inland_waterways madagascar "of local importance only; isolated streams and small portions of Canal des Pangalanes") (wfb::port madagascar antsiranana-madagascar) (wfb::port madagascar mahajanga-madagascar) (wfb::port madagascar port_saint-louis-madagascar) (wfb::port madagascar toamasina-madagascar) (wfb::port madagascar toliaria-madagascar) (wfb::merchant_marine madagascar total "10 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 20,261 GRT/28,193 DWT") (wfb::merchant_marine madagascar ships_by_type "cargo 5, chemical tanker 1, liquefied gas tanker 1, oil tanker 1, roll-on/roll-off cargo 2") (wfb::airports madagascar total 138) (wfb::airports madagascar |with paved runways over 3,047 m| 1) (wfb::airports madagascar |with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m| 2) (wfb::airports madagascar |with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m| 3) (wfb::airports madagascar |with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m| 21) (wfb::airports madagascar with_paved_runways_under_914_m 42) (wfb::airports madagascar |with unpaved runways 1,524 to 2,438 m| 5) (wfb::airports madagascar |with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m| 64) (wfb::telephone_system madagascar "NA telephones; above average system") (wfb::telephone_system madagascar local "NA") (wfb::telephone_system madagascar intercity "open-wire lines, coaxial cables, microwave radio relay, and tropospheric scatter links") (wfb::telephone_system madagascar international "submarine cable to Bahrain; 1 earth station for Indian Ocean INTELSAT") (wfb::radio madagascar broadcast_stations am 17) (wfb::radio madagascar broadcast_stations fm 3) (wfb::radio madagascar broadcast_stations shortwave 0) (wfb::radio madagascar radios n/a) (wfb::television madagascar broadcast_stations 1) (wfb::television madagascar televisions n/a) (wfb::defense_branch madagascar popular_armed_forces_madagascar) (wfb::defense_branch madagascar gendarmerie_madagascar) (wfb::defense_branch madagascar presidential_security_regiment_madagascar) (wfb::manpower_availability madagascar "males age 15-49 3,027,156; males fit for military service 1,800,127; males reach military age (20) annually 130,071 (1995 est.)") (wfb::defense_expenditures madagascar (* 3.5e+7 $)) (wfb::defense_expenditures madagascar (* 1.3 %_of_gdp)))) (malawi ((wfb::location malawi "Southern Africa, east of Zambia") (wfb::map_references malawi "Africa") (wfb::area malawi total_area (* 118480 sq_km)) (wfb::area malawi land_area (* 94080 sq_km)) (wfb::area malawi comparative_area "slightly larger than Pennsylvania") (wfb::borders malawi total (* 2881 km)) (wfb::borders malawi mozambique (* 1569 km)) (wfb::borders malawi tanzania (* 475 km)) (wfb::borders malawi zambia (* 837 km)) (wfb::coastline malawi (* 0 km)) (wfb::maritime_claims malawi "none; landlocked") (wfb::international_disputes malawi "dispute with Tanzania over the boundary in Lake Nyasa (Lake Malawi)") (wfb::climate malawi "tropical") (wfb::climate malawi "rainy season (November to May)") (wfb::climate malawi "dry season (May to November)") (wfb::terrain malawi "narrow elongated plateau with rolling plains, rounded hills, some mountains") (wfb::natural-resource malawi limestone) (wfb::natural-resource malawi unexploited_deposits_of_uranium) (wfb::natural-resource malawi coal) (wfb::natural-resource malawi bauxite) (wfb::land_use malawi arable_land (* 25 %)) (wfb::land_use malawi permanent_crops (* 0 %)) (wfb::land_use malawi meadows_and_pastures (* 20 %)) (wfb::land_use malawi forest_and_woodland (* 50 %)) (wfb::land_use malawi other (* 5 %)) (wfb::irrigated_land malawi (* 200 sq_km)) (wfb::environment malawi current_issues "deforestation") (wfb::environment malawi current_issues "land degradation") (wfb::environment malawi current_issues "water pollution from agricultural runoff, sewage, industrial wastes") (wfb::environment malawi current_issues "siltation of spawning grounds endangers fish population") (wfb::environment malawi natural_hazards "NA") (wfb::environment malawi international_agreements "party to - Biodiversity, Climate Change, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Marine Life Conservation, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection") (wfb::environment malawi international_agreements "signed, but not ratified - Law of the Sea") (wfb::note malawi "landlocked") (wfb::population malawi 9808384) (wfb::age_structure malawi 0-14_years (* 48 %)) (wfb::age_structure_by_sex malawi 0-14_years female 2361309) (wfb::age_structure_by_sex malawi 0-14_years male 2384679) (wfb::age_structure malawi 15-64_years (* 49 %)) (wfb::age_structure_by_sex malawi 15-64_years female 2479108) (wfb::age_structure_by_sex malawi 15-64_years male 2335729) (wfb::age_structure malawi 65_years_and_over (* 3 %)) (wfb::age_structure_by_sex malawi 65_years_and_over female 139632) (wfb::age_structure_by_sex malawi 65_years_and_over male 107927) (wfb::population_growth_rate malawi (* 2.63 %)) (wfb::birth_rate malawi (* 49.81 |births/1,000 population|)) (wfb::death_rate malawi (* 23.53 |deaths/1,000 population|)) (wfb::net_migration_rate malawi (* n/a |migrant(s)/1,000 population|)) (wfb::infant_mortality_rate malawi (* 140.2 |deaths/1,000 live births|)) (wfb::life_expectancy_at_birth malawi total_population (* 39.01 years)) (wfb::life_expectancy_at_birth malawi male (* 38.28 years)) (wfb::life_expectancy_at_birth malawi female (* 39.76 years)) (wfb::total_fertility_rate malawi (* 7.36 children_born/woman)) (wfb::nationality malawi noun "Malawian(s)") (wfb::nationality malawi adjective "Malawian") (wfb::ethnic-entity malawi chewa n/a) (wfb::ethnic-entity malawi nyanja n/a) (wfb::ethnic-entity malawi tumbuko n/a) (wfb::ethnic-entity malawi yao n/a) (wfb::ethnic-entity malawi lomwe n/a) (wfb::ethnic-entity malawi sena n/a) (wfb::ethnic-entity malawi tonga-ethnic-entity n/a) (wfb::ethnic-entity malawi ngoni n/a) (wfb::ethnic-entity malawi ngonde n/a) (wfb::ethnic-entity malawi asian n/a) (wfb::ethnic-entity malawi european n/a) (wfb::religion malawi protestant (* 55 %)) (wfb::religion malawi roman_catholic (* 20 %)) (wfb::religion malawi muslim (* 20 %)) (wfb::religion malawi traditional_indigenous_beliefs n/a) (wfb::language malawi english n/a) (wfb::language malawi chichewa n/a) (wfb::literacy-condition malawi "age 15 and over can read and write") (wfb::literacy malawi total_population (* 48 %)) (wfb::literacy malawi male (* 65 %)) (wfb::literacy malawi female (* 34 %)) (wfb::labor_force_by_occupation malawi agriculture (* 43 %)) (wfb::labor_force_by_occupation malawi manufacturing (* 16 %)) (wfb::labor_force_by_occupation malawi personal_services (* 15 %)) (wfb::labor_force_by_occupation malawi commerce (* 9 %)) (wfb::labor_force_by_occupation malawi construction (* 7 %)) (wfb::labor_force_by_occupation malawi miscellaneous_services (* 4 %)) (wfb::names malawi conventional_long_form "Republic of Malawi") (wfb::names malawi conventional_short_form "Malawi") (wfb::names malawi former "Nyasaland") (wfb::digraph malawi "MI") (type malawi "multiparty democracy following a referendum on 14 June 1993; formerly a one-party republic") (wfb::capital malawi lilongwe-malawi) (wfb::administrative_divisions malawi adm_div_malawi_districts 24) (wfb::administrative_division_of malawi adm_div_malawi_districts "Blantyre") (wfb::administrative_division_of malawi adm_div_malawi_districts "Chikwawa") (wfb::administrative_division_of malawi adm_div_malawi_districts "Chiradzulu") (wfb::administrative_division_of malawi adm_div_malawi_districts "Chitipa") (wfb::administrative_division_of malawi adm_div_malawi_districts "Dedza") (wfb::administrative_division_of malawi adm_div_malawi_districts "Dowa") (wfb::administrative_division_of malawi adm_div_malawi_districts "Karonga") (wfb::administrative_division_of malawi adm_div_malawi_districts "Kasungu") (wfb::administrative_division_of malawi adm_div_malawi_districts "Lilongwe") (wfb::administrative_division_of malawi adm_div_malawi_districts "Machinga (Kasupe)") (wfb::administrative_division_of malawi adm_div_malawi_districts "Mangochi") (wfb::administrative_division_of malawi adm_div_malawi_districts "Mchinji") (wfb::administrative_division_of malawi adm_div_malawi_districts "Mulanje") (wfb::administrative_division_of malawi adm_div_malawi_districts "Mwanza") (wfb::administrative_division_of malawi adm_div_malawi_districts "Mzimba") (wfb::administrative_division_of malawi adm_div_malawi_districts "Ntcheu") (wfb::administrative_division_of malawi adm_div_malawi_districts "Nkhata Bay") (wfb::administrative_division_of malawi adm_div_malawi_districts "Nkhotakota") (wfb::administrative_division_of malawi adm_div_malawi_districts "Nsanje") (wfb::administrative_division_of malawi adm_div_malawi_districts "Ntchisi") (wfb::administrative_division_of malawi adm_div_malawi_districts "Rumphi") (wfb::administrative_division_of malawi adm_div_malawi_districts "Salima") (wfb::administrative_division_of malawi adm_div_malawi_districts "Thyolo") (wfb::administrative_division_of malawi adm_div_malawi_districts "Zomba") (wfb::independence malawi date_6_jul_1964 "UK") (wfb::national_holiday malawi "Independence Day" date_6_jul) (wfb::constitution malawi "6 July 1966; republished as amended January 1974") (wfb::legal_system malawi "based on English common law and customary law; judicial review of legislative acts in the Supreme Court of Appeal; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction") (wfb::suffrage malawi (* 21 years_of_age)) (wfb::executive_branch malawi chief_of_state "President Bakili MULUZI " date_21_may_1994) (wfb::executive_branch malawi head_of_government "President Bakili MULUZI " date_21_may_1994) (wfb::executive_branch malawi cabinet "Cabinet") (wfb::legislative_structure malawi unicameral n/a) (wfb::legislative_branch malawi "National Assembly" "elections last held 17 May 1994 (next to be held 1999); results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (177 total) UDF 84, AFORD 33, MCP 55, others 5") (wfb::judicial_branch malawi "High Court, Supreme Court of Appeal") (wfb::political_parties_and_leaders malawi ruling_party "United Democratic Front (UDF), Bakili MULUZI") (wfb::political_parties_and_leaders malawi opposition_groups "Malawi Congress Party (MCP), Gwanda CHAKUAMBA Phiri, secretary general (top party position); Alliance for Democracy (AFORD), Chakufwa CHIHANA; Socialist League of Malawi (Lesoma), Kapote MWAKUSULA, secretary general; Malawi Democratic Union (MDU), Harry BWANAUSI; Congress for the Second Republic (CSR), Kanyama CHIUME; Malawi Socialist Labor Party (MSLP), Stanford SAMBANEMANJA") (wfb::member_of malawi acp) (wfb::member_of malawi afdb) (wfb::member_of malawi c) (wfb::member_of malawi ccc) (wfb::member_of malawi eca) (wfb::member_of malawi fao) (wfb::member_of malawi g-77) (wfb::member_of malawi gatt) (wfb::member_of malawi ibrd) (wfb::member_of malawi icao) (wfb::member_of malawi icftu) (wfb::member_of malawi icrm) (wfb::member_of malawi ida) (wfb::member_of malawi ifad) (wfb::member_of malawi ifc) (wfb::member_of malawi ifrcs) (wfb::member_of malawi ilo) (wfb::member_of malawi imf) (wfb::member_of malawi imo) (wfb::member_of malawi intelsat) (wfb::member_of malawi interpol) (wfb::member_of malawi ioc) (wfb::member_of malawi iso) (wfb::member_of malawi itu) (wfb::member_of malawi nam) (wfb::member_of malawi oau) (wfb::member_of malawi sadc) (wfb::member_of malawi un) (wfb::member_of malawi unamir) (wfb::member_of malawi unctad) (wfb::member_of malawi unesco) (wfb::member_of malawi unido) (wfb::member_of malawi upu) (wfb::member_of malawi wftu) (wfb::member_of malawi who) (wfb::member_of malawi wipo) (wfb::member_of malawi wmo) (wfb::member_of malawi wto) (wfb::diplomatic_representation_in_us malawi chief_of_mission "(vacant); Charge d'Affaires ad interim Patrick NYASULU (since 14 October 1994)") (wfb::diplomatic_representation_in_us malawi chancery "2408 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008") (wfb::diplomatic_representation_in_us malawi telephone "[1] (202) 797-1007") (wfb::us_diplomatic_representation malawi chief_of_mission "Ambassador Peter R. CHAVEAS") (wfb::us_diplomatic_representation malawi embassy "address NA, in new capital city development area in Lilongwe") (wfb::us_diplomatic_representation malawi mailing_address "P. O. Box 30016, Lilongwe 3, Malawi") (wfb::us_diplomatic_representation malawi telephone "[265] 783 166") (wfb::us_diplomatic_representation malawi fax "[265] 780 471") (wfb::flag malawi "three equal horizontal bands of black (top), red, and green with a radiant, rising, red sun centered in the black band; similar to the flag of Afghanistan, which is longer and has the national coat of arms superimposed on the hoist side of the black and red bands") (wfb::overview malawi "Landlocked Malawi ranks among the world's least developed countries. The economy is predominately agricultural, with about 90% of the population living in rural areas. Agriculture accounts for 40% of GDP and 90% of export revenues. After two years of weak performance, economic growth improved significantly in 1988-91 as a result of good weather and a broadly based economic adjustment effort by the government. Drought cut overall output sharply in 1992, but the lost ground was recovered in 1993. The economy depends on substantial inflows of economic assistance from the IMF, the World Bank, and individual donor nations. The new government faces strong challenges, e.g., to spur exports, to improve educational and health facilities, and to deal with environmental problems of deforestation and erosion.") (wfb::national_product malawi (* 7.2999997e+9 $)) (wfb::national_product_real_growth_rate malawi (* 9.3 %)) (wfb::national_product_per_capita malawi (* 750 $)) (wfb::|Inflation rate (consumer prices)| malawi "30% (1994 est.)") (wfb::unemployment_rate malawi (* n/a %)) (wfb::budget malawi revenues (* 4.16e+8 $)) (wfb::budget malawi expenditures (* 4.98e+8 $)) (wfb::budget malawi capital_expenditures (* n/a $)) (wfb::exports malawi (* 3.11e+8 $)) (wfb::exports malawi commodities tobacco n/a) (wfb::exports malawi commodities tea n/a) (wfb::exports malawi commodities sugar-commodity n/a) (wfb::exports malawi commodities coffee n/a) (wfb::exports malawi commodities peanuts n/a) (wfb::exports malawi commodities wood_products-commodity n/a) (wfb::exports malawi partners us n/a) (wfb::exports malawi partners uk n/a) (wfb::exports malawi partners zambia n/a) (wfb::exports malawi partners south_africa n/a) (wfb::exports malawi partners germany n/a) (wfb::imports malawi (* 3.08e+8 $)) (wfb::imports malawi commodities food n/a) (wfb::imports malawi commodities petroleum_products-commodity n/a) (wfb::imports malawi commodities semimanufactures n/a) (wfb::imports malawi commodities consumer_goods n/a) (wfb::imports malawi commodities transportation_equipment n/a) (wfb::imports malawi partners south_africa n/a) (wfb::imports malawi partners japan n/a) (wfb::imports malawi partners us n/a) (wfb::imports malawi partners uk n/a) (wfb::imports malawi partners zimbabwe n/a) (wfb::external_debt malawi (* 1.8e+9 $)) (wfb::electricity malawi capacity (* 190000 kw)) (wfb::electricity malawi production (* 8.2e+8 kwh)) (wfb::electricity malawi consumption_per_capita (* 77 kwh)) (wfb::industry malawi |agricultural processing (tea, tobacco, sugar)|) (wfb::industry malawi sawmilling) (wfb::industry malawi cement) (wfb::industry malawi consumer_goods-industry) (wfb::agriculture malawi "accounts for 40% of GDP; cash crops - tobacco, sugarcane, cotton, tea, and corn; subsistence crops - potatoes, cassava, sorghum, pulses; livestock - cattle, goats") (wfb::economic_aid malawi recipient "US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-89), $215 million; Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-89), $2.15 billion") (wfb::currency malawi malawian_kwacha 100 tambala) (wfb::exchange_rates malawi "Malawian kwacha (MK) per US$1 - 7.8358 (August 1994), 4.4028 (1993), 3.6033 (1992), 2.8033 (1991), 2.7289 (1990), 2.7595 (1989)") (wfb::fiscal_year malawi date_1_apr date_31_mar) (wfb::railroads malawi total "789 km") (wfb::railroads malawi narrow_gauge "789 km 1.067-m gauge") (wfb::highways malawi total (* 13135 km)) (wfb::highways malawi paved (* 2364 km)) (wfb::highways malawi (union gravel crushed_stone stabilized_earth) (* 251 km)) (wfb::highways malawi (union earth improved_earth) (* 10520 km)) (wfb::inland_waterways malawi "Lake Nyasa (Lake Malawi); Shire River, 144 km") (wfb::port malawi chipoka-malawi) (wfb::port malawi monkey_bay-malawi) (wfb::port malawi nkhata_bay-malawi) (wfb::port malawi nkotakota-malawi) (wfb::airports malawi total 47) (wfb::airports malawi |with paved runways over 3,047 m| 1) (wfb::airports malawi |with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m| 1) (wfb::airports malawi |with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m| 4) (wfb::airports malawi with_paved_runways_under_914_m 25) (wfb::airports malawi |with unpaved runways 1,524 to 2,438 m| 1) (wfb::airports malawi |with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m| 15) (wfb::telephone_system malawi "42,250 telephones") (wfb::telephone_system malawi local "NA") (wfb::telephone_system malawi intercity "fair system of open-wire lines, radio relay links, and radio communications stations") (wfb::telephone_system malawi international "2 INTELSAT (1 Indian Ocean and 1 Atlantic Ocean ) earth stations") (wfb::radio malawi broadcast_stations am 10) (wfb::radio malawi broadcast_stations fm 17) (wfb::radio malawi broadcast_stations shortwave 0) (wfb::radio malawi radios n/a) (wfb::television malawi broadcast_stations 0) (wfb::television malawi televisions n/a) (wfb::defense_branch malawi army_malawi) (wfb::defense_branch malawi police_malawi) (wfb::defense_branch malawi paramilitary_malawi_young_pioneers_malawi) (wfb::manpower_availability malawi "males age 15-49 2,069,302; males fit for military service 1,056,372 (1995 est.)") (wfb::defense_expenditures malawi (* 1.3e+7 $)) (wfb::defense_expenditures malawi (* 0.7 %_of_gdp)))) (mali ((wfb::location mali "Western Africa, southwest of Algeria") (wfb::map_references mali "Africa") (wfb::area mali total_area (* 1240000.0 sq_km)) (wfb::area mali land_area (* 1220000.0 sq_km)) (wfb::area mali comparative_area "slightly less than twice the size of Texas") (wfb::borders mali total (* 7243 km)) (wfb::borders mali algeria (* 1376 km)) (wfb::borders mali burkina (* 1000 km)) (wfb::borders mali guinea (* 858 km)) (wfb::borders mali |Cote d'Ivoire| (* 532 km)) (wfb::borders mali mauritania (* 2237 km)) (wfb::borders mali niger (* 821 km)) (wfb::borders mali senegal (* 419 km)) (wfb::coastline mali (* 0 km)) (wfb::maritime_claims mali "none; landlocked") (wfb::international_disputes mali "the disputed international boundary between Burkina and Mali was submitted to the International Court of Justice (ICJ) in October 1983 and the ICJ issued its final ruling in December 1986, which both sides agreed to accept") (wfb::international_disputes mali "Burkina and Mali are proceeding with boundary demarcation, including the tripoint with Niger") (wfb::climate mali "subtropical to arid") (wfb::climate mali "hot and dry February to June") (wfb::climate mali "rainy, humid, and mild June to November") (wfb::climate mali "cool and dry November to February") (wfb::terrain mali "mostly flat to rolling northern plains covered by sand") (wfb::terrain mali "savanna in south, rugged hills in northeast") (wfb::natural-resource mali gold) (wfb::natural-resource mali phosphates) (wfb::natural-resource mali kaolin) (wfb::natural-resource mali salt) (wfb::natural-resource mali limestone) (wfb::natural-resource mali uranium) (wfb::natural-resource mali bauxite) (wfb::natural-resource mali iron_ore) (wfb::natural-resource mali manganese) (wfb::natural-resource mali tin) (wfb::natural-resource mali copper_deposits_are_known_but_not_exploited) (wfb::land_use mali arable_land (* 2 %)) (wfb::land_use mali permanent_crops (* 0 %)) (wfb::land_use mali meadows_and_pastures (* 25 %)) (wfb::land_use mali forest_and_woodland (* 7 %)) (wfb::land_use mali other (* 66 %)) (wfb::irrigated_land mali (* 50 sq_km)) (wfb::environment mali current_issues "deforestation") (wfb::environment mali current_issues "soil erosion") (wfb::environment mali current_issues "desertification") (wfb::environment mali current_issues "inadequate supplies of potable water") (wfb::environment mali current_issues "poaching") (wfb::environment mali natural_hazards "hot, dust-laden harmattan haze common during dry seasons") (wfb::environment mali natural_hazards "recurring droughts") (wfb::environment mali international_agreements "party to - Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands") (wfb::environment mali international_agreements "signed, but not ratified - Biodiversity, Nuclear Test Ban") (wfb::note mali "landlocked") (wfb::population mali 9375132) (wfb::age_structure mali 0-14_years (* 48 %)) (wfb::age_structure_by_sex mali 0-14_years female 2240565) (wfb::age_structure_by_sex mali 0-14_years male 2242373) (wfb::age_structure mali 15-64_years (* 49 %)) (wfb::age_structure_by_sex mali 15-64_years female 2416952) (wfb::age_structure_by_sex mali 15-64_years male 2165043) (wfb::age_structure mali 65_years_and_over (* 3 %)) (wfb::age_structure_by_sex mali 65_years_and_over female 162234) (wfb::age_structure_by_sex mali 65_years_and_over male 147965) (wfb::population_growth_rate mali (* 2.89 %)) (wfb::birth_rate mali (* 51.88 |births/1,000 population|)) (wfb::death_rate mali (* 19.93 |deaths/1,000 population|)) (wfb::net_migration_rate mali (* -3 |migrant(s)/1,000 population|)) (wfb::infant_mortality_rate mali (* 104.5 |deaths/1,000 live births|)) (wfb::life_expectancy_at_birth mali total_population (* 46.37 years)) (wfb::life_expectancy_at_birth mali male (* 44.7 years)) (wfb::life_expectancy_at_birth mali female (* 48.09 years)) (wfb::total_fertility_rate mali (* 7.33 children_born/woman)) (wfb::nationality mali noun "Malian(s)") (wfb::nationality mali adjective "Malian") (wfb::ethnic-entity mali mande (* 50 %)) (wfb::ethnic-entity mali peul (* 17 %)) (wfb::ethnic-entity mali voltaic (* 12 %)) (wfb::ethnic-entity mali songhai (* 6 %)) (wfb::ethnic-entity mali tuareg_and_moor (* 10 %)) (wfb::religion mali muslim (* 90 %)) (wfb::religion mali indigenous_beliefs (* 9 %)) (wfb::religion mali christian (* 1 %)) (wfb::language mali french n/a) (wfb::language mali bambara (* 80 %)) (wfb::language mali numerous_african_languages n/a) (wfb::literacy-condition mali "age 6 and over can read and write") (wfb::literacy mali total_population (* 19 %)) (wfb::literacy mali male (* 27 %)) (wfb::literacy mali female (* 12 %)) (wfb::total_labor_force mali 2666000.0) (wfb::labor_force_by_occupation mali agriculture (* 80 %)) (wfb::labor_force_by_occupation mali services (* 19 %)) (wfb::labor_force_by_occupation mali industry_and_commerce (* 1 %)) (wfb::names mali conventional_long_form "Republic of Mali") (wfb::names mali conventional_short_form "Mali") (wfb::names mali local_long_form "Republique de Mali") (wfb::names mali local_short_form "Mali") (wfb::names mali former "French Sudan") (wfb::digraph mali "ML") (type mali "republic") (wfb::capital mali bamako-mali) (wfb::administrative_divisions mali adm_div_mali_regions 8) (wfb::administrative_division_of mali adm_div_mali_regions "Gao") (wfb::administrative_division_of mali adm_div_mali_regions "Kayes") (wfb::administrative_division_of mali adm_div_mali_regions "Kidal") (wfb::administrative_division_of mali adm_div_mali_regions "Koulikoro") (wfb::administrative_division_of mali adm_div_mali_regions "Mopti") (wfb::administrative_division_of mali adm_div_mali_regions "Segou") (wfb::administrative_division_of mali adm_div_mali_regions "Sikasso") (wfb::administrative_division_of mali adm_div_mali_regions "Tombouctou") (wfb::independence mali date_22_sep_1960 "France") (wfb::national_holiday mali "Anniversary of the Proclamation of the Republic" date_22_sep) (wfb::constitution mali "adopted 12 January 1992") (wfb::legal_system mali "based on French civil law system and customary law; judicial review of legislative acts in Constitutional Court (which was formally established on 9 March 1994); has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction") (wfb::suffrage mali (* 21 years_of_age)) (wfb::executive_branch mali chief_of_state "President Alpha Oumar KONARE " date_8_jun_1992) (wfb::executive_branch mali head_of_government "Prime Minister Ibrahima Boubacar KEITA " date_mar_1994) (wfb::executive_branch mali cabinet "Council of Ministers") (wfb::legislative_structure mali unicameral n/a) (wfb::legislative_branch mali "National Assembly" "elections last held on 8 March 1992 (next to be held February 1997); results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (116 total) Adema 76, CNID 9, US/RAD 8, Popular Movement for the Development of the Republic of West Africa 6, RDP 4, UDD 4, RDT 3, UFDP 3, PDP 2, UMDD 1") (wfb::judicial_branch mali "Supreme Court (Cour Supreme)") (wfb::political_parties_and_leaders mali "Association for Democracy (Adema), Ibrahim Baubacar KEITA; National Congress for Democratic Initiative (CNID), Mountaga TALL; Sudanese Union/African Democratic Rally (US/RDA), Mamadou Madeira KEITA; Popular Movement for the Development of the Republic of West Africa; Rally for Democracy and Progress (RDP), Almamy SYLLA; Union for Democracy and Development (UDD), Moussa Balla COULIBALY; Rally for Democracy and Labor (RDT); Union of Democratic Forces for Progress (UFDP), Dembo DIALLO; Party for Democracy and Progress (PDP), Idrissa TRAORE; Malian Union for Democracy and Development (UMDD)") (wfb::member_of mali acct) (wfb::member_of mali acp) (wfb::member_of mali afdb) (wfb::member_of mali ccc) (wfb::member_of mali ceao) (wfb::member_of mali eca) (wfb::member_of mali ecowas) (wfb::member_of mali fao) (wfb::member_of mali fz) (wfb::member_of mali g-77) (wfb::member_of mali gatt) (wfb::member_of mali iaea) (wfb::member_of mali ibrd) (wfb::member_of mali icao) (wfb::member_of mali icftu) (wfb::member_of mali icrm) (wfb::member_of mali ida) (wfb::member_of mali idb) (wfb::member_of mali ifad) (wfb::member_of mali ifc) (wfb::member_of mali ifrcs) (wfb::member_of mali ilo) (wfb::member_of mali imf) (wfb::member_of mali intelsat) (wfb::member_of mali interpol) (wfb::member_of mali ioc) (wfb::member_of mali itu) (wfb::member_of mali nam) (wfb::member_of mali oau) (wfb::member_of mali oic) (wfb::member_of mali un) (wfb::member_of mali unamir) (wfb::member_of mali unctad) (wfb::member_of mali unesco) (wfb::member_of mali unido) (wfb::member_of mali upu) (wfb::member_of mali wadb) (wfb::member_of mali wcl) (wfb::member_of mali wftu) (wfb::member_of mali who) (wfb::member_of mali wipo) (wfb::member_of mali wmo) (wfb::member_of mali wto) (wfb::diplomatic_representation_in_us mali chief_of_mission "Ambassador Ibrahim Siragatou CISSE") (wfb::diplomatic_representation_in_us mali chancery "2130 R Street NW, Washington, DC 20008") (wfb::diplomatic_representation_in_us mali telephone "[1] (202) 332-2249, 939-8950") (wfb::us_diplomatic_representation mali chief_of_mission "(vacant) (Ambassador William H. DAMERON III retired March 1995)") (wfb::us_diplomatic_representation mali embassy "Rue Rochester NY and Rue Mohamed V, Bamako") (wfb::us_diplomatic_representation mali mailing_address "B. P. 34, Bamako") (wfb::us_diplomatic_representation mali telephone "[223] 22 54 70") (wfb::us_diplomatic_representation mali fax "[223] 22 37 12") (wfb::flag mali "three equal vertical bands of green (hoist side), yellow, and red; uses the popular pan-African colors of Ethiopia") (wfb::overview mali "Mali is among the poorest countries in the world, with 65% of its land area desert or semidesert. Economic activity is largely confined to the riverine area irrigated by the Niger. About 10% of the population is nomadic and some 80% of the labor force is engaged in agriculture and fishing. Industrial activity is concentrated on processing farm commodities. The economy is beginning to turn around after contracting through 1992-93, largely because of enhanced exports and import substitute production in the wake of the 50% devaluation of January 1994. Post-devaluation inflation appears to have peaked at 35% in 1994 and the government appears to be keeping on track with its IMF structural adjustment program.") (wfb::national_product mali (* 5.4e+9 $)) (wfb::national_product_real_growth_rate mali (* 2.4 %)) (wfb::national_product_per_capita mali (* 600 $)) (wfb::|Inflation rate (consumer prices)| mali "35% (1994 est.)") (wfb::unemployment_rate mali (* n/a %)) (wfb::budget mali revenues (* 3.76e+8 $)) (wfb::budget mali expenditures (* 6.97e+8 $)) (wfb::budget mali capital_expenditures (* n/a $)) (wfb::exports mali (* 4.15e+8 $)) (wfb::exports mali commodities cotton n/a) (wfb::exports mali commodities livestock n/a) (wfb::exports mali commodities gold-commodity n/a) (wfb::imports mali (* 8.42e+8 $)) (wfb::imports mali commodities machinery_and_equipment n/a) (wfb::imports mali commodities foodstuffs n/a) (wfb::imports mali commodities construction_materials n/a) (wfb::imports mali commodities petroleum-commodity n/a) (wfb::imports mali commodities textiles-commodity n/a) (wfb::external_debt mali (* 2.6e+9 $)) (wfb::industrial_production mali growth_rate (* -1.4 %)) (wfb::industrial_production mali accounts_for (* 13.0 %_of_gdp)) (wfb::electricity mali capacity (* 90000 kw)) (wfb::electricity mali production (* 3.1e+8 kwh)) (wfb::electricity mali consumption_per_capita (* 33 kwh)) (wfb::industry mali minor_local_consumer_goods_production_and_food_processing) (wfb::industry mali construction-industry) (wfb::industry mali phosphate_and_gold_mining) (wfb::agriculture mali "accounts for 50% of GDP; mostly subsistence farming; cotton and livestock products account for over 70% of exports; other crops - millet, rice, corn, vegetables, peanuts; livestock - cattle, sheep, goats") (wfb::economic_aid mali recipient "US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-89), $349 million; Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-89), $3.02 billion; OPEC bilateral aid (1979-89), $92 million; Communist countries (1970-89), $190 million") (wfb::currency mali cfa_franc 100 centimes) (wfb::exchange_rates mali "Communaute Financiere Africaine francs (CFAF) per US$1 - 529.43 (January 1995), 555.20 (1994), 283.16 (1993), 264.69 (1992), 282.11 (1991), 272.26 (1990)") (wfb::fiscal_year mali date_1_jan date_31_dec) (wfb::railroads mali total "642 km; note - linked to Senegal's rail system through Kayes") (wfb::railroads mali narrow_gauge "642 km 1.000-m gauge") (wfb::highways mali total (* 15700 km)) (wfb::highways mali paved (* 1670 km)) (wfb::highways mali (union gravel improved_earth) (* 3670 km)) (wfb::highways mali unimproved_earth (* 10360 km)) (wfb::inland_waterways mali "1,815 km navigable") (wfb::port mali koulikoro-mali) (wfb::airports mali total 33) (wfb::airports mali |with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m| 4) (wfb::airports mali |with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m| 1) (wfb::airports mali |with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m| 2) (wfb::airports mali with_paved_runways_under_914_m 10) (wfb::airports mali |with unpaved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m| 1) (wfb::airports mali |with unpaved runways 1,524 to 2,438 m| 3) (wfb::airports mali |with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m| 12) (wfb::telephone_system mali "11,000 telephones; domestic system poor but improving; provides only minimal service") (wfb::telephone_system mali local "NA") (wfb::telephone_system mali intercity "microwave radio relay, wire, and radio communications stations; expansion of microwave radio relay in progress") (wfb::telephone_system mali international "2 INTELSAT (1 Atlantic Ocean and 1 Indian Ocean) earth stations") (wfb::radio mali broadcast_stations am 2) (wfb::radio mali broadcast_stations fm 2) (wfb::radio mali broadcast_stations shortwave 0) (wfb::radio mali radios n/a) (wfb::television mali broadcast_stations 2) (wfb::television mali televisions n/a) (wfb::defense_branch mali army_mali) (wfb::defense_branch mali air_force_mali) (wfb::defense_branch mali gendarmerie_mali) (wfb::defense_branch mali republican_guard_mali) (wfb::defense_branch mali national_guard_mali) (wfb::defense_branch mali national_police_mali) (wfb::manpower_availability mali "males age 15-49 1,861,977; males fit for military service 1,062,916 (1995 est.)") (wfb::defense_expenditures mali (* 6.6e+7 $)) (wfb::defense_expenditures mali (* 2.2 %_of_gdp)))) (mauritania ((wfb::location mauritania "Northern Africa, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean, between Senegal and Western Sahara") (wfb::map_references mauritania "Africa") (wfb::area mauritania total_area (* 1030700 sq_km)) (wfb::area mauritania land_area (* 1030400 sq_km)) (wfb::area mauritania comparative_area "slightly larger than three times the size of New Mexico") (wfb::borders mauritania total (* 5074 km)) (wfb::borders mauritania algeria (* 463 km)) (wfb::borders mauritania mali (* 2237 km)) (wfb::borders mauritania senegal (* 813 km)) (wfb::borders mauritania western_sahara (* 1561 km)) (wfb::coastline mauritania (* 754 km)) (wfb::maritime_claims mauritania contiguous_zone (* 24 nm)) (wfb::maritime_claims mauritania exclusive_economic_zone (* 200 nm)) (wfb::maritime_claims mauritania territorial_sea (* 12 nm)) (wfb::international_disputes mauritania "boundary with Senegal in dispute") (wfb::climate mauritania "desert") (wfb::climate mauritania "constantly hot, dry, dusty") (wfb::terrain mauritania "mostly barren, flat plains of the Sahara") (wfb::terrain mauritania "some central hills") (wfb::natural-resource mauritania iron_ore) (wfb::natural-resource mauritania gypsum) (wfb::natural-resource mauritania fish) (wfb::natural-resource mauritania copper) (wfb::natural-resource mauritania phosphate) (wfb::land_use mauritania arable_land (* 1 %)) (wfb::land_use mauritania permanent_crops (* 0 %)) (wfb::land_use mauritania meadows_and_pastures (* 38 %)) (wfb::land_use mauritania forest_and_woodland (* 5 %)) (wfb::land_use mauritania other (* 56 %)) (wfb::irrigated_land mauritania (* 120 sq_km)) (wfb::environment mauritania current_issues "overgrazing, deforestation, and soil erosion aggravated by drought are contributing to desertification") (wfb::environment mauritania current_issues "very limited natural fresh water resources away from the Senegal which is the only perennial river") (wfb::environment mauritania natural_hazards "hot, dry, dust/sand-laden sirocco wind blows primarily in March and April") (wfb::environment mauritania natural_hazards "periodic droughts") (wfb::environment mauritania international_agreements "party to - Climate Change, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands") (wfb::environment mauritania international_agreements "signed, but not ratified - Biodiversity, Desertification, Law of the Sea") (wfb::note mauritania "most of the population concentrated along the Senegal River in the southern part of the country") (wfb::population mauritania 2263202) (wfb::age_structure mauritania 0-14_years (* 48 %)) (wfb::age_structure_by_sex mauritania 0-14_years female 544674) (wfb::age_structure_by_sex mauritania 0-14_years male 551099) (wfb::age_structure mauritania 15-64_years (* 49 %)) (wfb::age_structure_by_sex mauritania 15-64_years female 574282) (wfb::age_structure_by_sex mauritania 15-64_years male 542762) (wfb::age_structure mauritania 65_years_and_over (* 3 %)) (wfb::age_structure_by_sex mauritania 65_years_and_over female 28955) (wfb::age_structure_by_sex mauritania 65_years_and_over male 21430) (wfb::population_growth_rate mauritania (* 3.17 %)) (wfb::birth_rate mauritania (* 47.32 |births/1,000 population|)) (wfb::death_rate mauritania (* 15.66 |deaths/1,000 population|)) (wfb::net_migration_rate mauritania (* 0 |migrant(s)/1,000 population|)) (wfb::infant_mortality_rate mauritania (* 83.5 |deaths/1,000 live births|)) (wfb::life_expectancy_at_birth mauritania total_population (* 48.54 years)) (wfb::life_expectancy_at_birth mauritania male (* 45.66 years)) (wfb::life_expectancy_at_birth mauritania female (* 51.54 years)) (wfb::total_fertility_rate mauritania (* 6.92 children_born/woman)) (wfb::nationality mauritania noun "Mauritanian(s)") (wfb::nationality mauritania adjective "Mauritanian") (wfb::ethnic-entity mauritania mixed_maur/black (* 40 %)) (wfb::ethnic-entity mauritania maur (* 30 %)) (wfb::ethnic-entity mauritania black (* 30 %)) (wfb::religion mauritania muslim (* 100 %)) (wfb::language mauritania hasaniya_arabic n/a) (wfb::language mauritania pular n/a) (wfb::language mauritania soninke n/a) (wfb::language mauritania wolof n/a) (wfb::literacy-condition mauritania "age 15 and over can read and write") (wfb::literacy mauritania total_population (* 35 %)) (wfb::literacy mauritania male (* 46 %)) (wfb::literacy mauritania female (* 25 %)) (wfb::labor_force_by_occupation mauritania agriculture (* 47 %)) (wfb::labor_force_by_occupation mauritania services (* 29 %)) (wfb::labor_force_by_occupation mauritania industry_and_commerce (* 14 %)) (wfb::labor_force_by_occupation mauritania government (* 10 %)) (wfb::names mauritania conventional_long_form "Islamic Republic of Mauritania") (wfb::names mauritania conventional_short_form "Mauritania") (wfb::names mauritania local_long_form "Al Jumhuriyah al Islamiyah al Muritaniyah") (wfb::names mauritania local_short_form "Muritaniyah") (wfb::digraph mauritania "MR") (type mauritania "republic") (wfb::capital mauritania nouakchott-mauritania) (wfb::administrative_divisions mauritania adm_div_mauritania_regions 12) (wfb::administrative_division_of mauritania adm_div_mauritania_regions "Adrar") (wfb::administrative_division_of mauritania adm_div_mauritania_regions "Assaba") (wfb::administrative_division_of mauritania adm_div_mauritania_regions "Brakna") (wfb::administrative_division_of mauritania adm_div_mauritania_regions "Dakhlet Nouadhibou") (wfb::administrative_division_of mauritania adm_div_mauritania_regions "Gorgol") (wfb::administrative_division_of mauritania adm_div_mauritania_regions "Guidimaka") (wfb::administrative_division_of mauritania adm_div_mauritania_regions "Hodh ech Chargui") (wfb::administrative_division_of mauritania adm_div_mauritania_regions "Hodh el Gharbi") (wfb::administrative_division_of mauritania adm_div_mauritania_regions "Inchiri") (wfb::administrative_division_of mauritania adm_div_mauritania_regions "Tagant") (wfb::administrative_division_of mauritania adm_div_mauritania_regions "Tiris Zemmour") (wfb::administrative_division_of mauritania adm_div_mauritania_regions "Trarza") (wfb::independence mauritania date_28_nov_1960 "France") (wfb::national_holiday mauritania "Independence Day" date_28_nov) (wfb::constitution mauritania "12 July 1991") (wfb::legal_system mauritania "three-tier system: Islamic (Shari'a) courts, special courts, state security courts (in the process of being eliminated)") (wfb::suffrage mauritania (* 18 years_of_age)) (wfb::executive_branch mauritania chief_of_state "President Col. Maaouya Ould Sid'Ahmed TAYA " date_12_dec_1984) (wfb::executive_branch mauritania head_of_government "President Col. Maaouya Ould Sid'Ahmed TAYA " date_12_dec_1984) (wfb::executive_branch mauritania cabinet "Council of Ministers") (wfb::legislative_structure mauritania bicameral "legislature") (wfb::legislative_branch mauritania "Senate (Majlis al-Shuyukh)" "elections last held 15 April 1994 (nex to be held NA 1996); results - percent of vote by party NA; seats (56 total, with 17 up for election every two years) PRDS 16, UFD/NE 1") (wfb::legislative_branch mauritania "National Assembly (Majlis al-Watani)" "elections last held 6 and 13 March 1992 (next to be held NA March 1997); results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (79 total) UFD/NE 67, PMR 1, RDU 1, independents 10") (wfb::judicial_branch mauritania "Supreme Court (Cour Supreme)") (wfb::political_parties_and_leaders mauritania "legalized by constitution passed 12 July 1991, however, politics continue to be tribally based; emerging parties include Democratic and Social Republican Party (PRDS), led by President Col. Maaouya Ould Sid'Ahmed TAYA; Union of Democratic Forces-New Era (UFD/NE), headed by Ahmed Ould DADDAH; Assembly for Democracy and Unity (RDU), Ahmed Ould SIDI BABA; Popular Social and Democratic Union (UPSD), Mohamed Mahmoud Ould MAH; Mauritanian Party for Renewal (PMR), Hameida BOUCHRAYA; National Avant-Garde Party (PAN), Khattry Ould JIDDOU; Mauritanian Party of the Democratic Center (PCDM), Bamba Ould SIDI BADI") (wfb::other_political_or_pressure_groups mauritania "Mauritanian Workers Union (UTM)") (wfb::member_of mauritania abeda) (wfb::member_of mauritania acct) (wfb::member_of mauritania acp) (wfb::member_of mauritania afdb) (wfb::member_of mauritania afesd) (wfb::member_of mauritania al) (wfb::member_of mauritania amf) (wfb::member_of mauritania amu) (wfb::member_of mauritania caeu) (wfb::member_of mauritania ccc) (wfb::member_of mauritania ceao) (wfb::member_of mauritania eca) (wfb::member_of mauritania ecowas) (wfb::member_of mauritania fao) (wfb::member_of mauritania g-77) (wfb::member_of mauritania gatt) (wfb::member_of mauritania ibrd) (wfb::member_of mauritania icao) (wfb::member_of mauritania icrm) (wfb::member_of mauritania ida) (wfb::member_of mauritania idb) (wfb::member_of mauritania ifad) (wfb::member_of mauritania ifc) (wfb::member_of mauritania ifrcs) (wfb::member_of mauritania ilo) (wfb::member_of mauritania imf) (wfb::member_of mauritania imo) (wfb::member_of mauritania intelsat) (wfb::member_of mauritania interpol) (wfb::member_of mauritania ioc) (wfb::member_of mauritania itu) (wfb::member_of mauritania nam) (wfb::member_of mauritania oau) (wfb::member_of mauritania oic) (wfb::member_of mauritania un) (wfb::member_of mauritania unctad) (wfb::member_of mauritania unesco) (wfb::member_of mauritania unido) (wfb::member_of mauritania upu) (wfb::member_of mauritania who) (wfb::member_of mauritania wipo) (wfb::member_of mauritania wmo) (wfb::member_of mauritania wto) (wfb::diplomatic_representation_in_us mauritania chief_of_mission "Ambassador Ismail Ould IYAHI (since 22 September 1994)") (wfb::diplomatic_representation_in_us mauritania chancery "2129 Leroy Place NW, Washington, DC 20008") (wfb::diplomatic_representation_in_us mauritania telephone "[1] (202) 232-5700") (wfb::us_diplomatic_representation mauritania chief_of_mission "Ambassador Dorothy Myers SAMPAS") (wfb::us_diplomatic_representation mauritania embassy "address NA, Nouakchott") (wfb::us_diplomatic_representation mauritania mailing_address "B. P. 222, Nouakchott") (wfb::us_diplomatic_representation mauritania telephone "[222] (2) 526-60, 526-63") (wfb::us_diplomatic_representation mauritania fax "[222] (2) 515-92") (wfb::flag mauritania "green with a yellow five-pointed star above a yellow, horizontal crescent; the closed side of the crescent is down; the crescent, star, and color green are traditional symbols of Islam") (wfb::overview mauritania "A majority of the population still depends on agriculture and livestock for a livelihood, even though most of the nomads and many subsistence farmers were forced into the cities by recurrent droughts in the 1970s and 1980s. Mauritania has extensive deposits of iron ore, which account for almost 50% of total exports. The decline in world demand for this ore, however, has led to cutbacks in production. The nation's coastal waters are among the richest fishing areas in the world, but overexploitation by foreigners threatens this key source of revenue. The country's first deepwater port opened near Nouakchott in 1986. In recent years, drought and economic mismanagement have resulted in a substantial buildup of foreign debt. The government has begun the second stage of an economic reform program in consultation with the World Bank, the IMF, and major donor countries. Short-term growth prospects are gloomy because of the heavy debt service burden, rapid population growth, and vulnerability to climatic conditions.") (wfb::national_product mauritania (* 2.4e+9 $)) (wfb::national_product_real_growth_rate mauritania (* 5 %)) (wfb::national_product_per_capita mauritania (* 1110 $)) (wfb::|Inflation rate (consumer prices)| mauritania "10% (1993)") (wfb::unemployment_rate mauritania (* 20 %)) (wfb::budget mauritania revenues (* 2.8e+8 $)) (wfb::budget mauritania expenditures (* 3.46e+8 $)) (wfb::budget mauritania capital_expenditures (* 6.1e+7 $)) (wfb::exports mauritania (* 4.01e+8 $)) (wfb::exports mauritania commodities iron_ore-commodity n/a) (wfb::exports mauritania commodities fish_and_fish_products n/a) (wfb::exports mauritania partners japan (* 27 %)) (wfb::exports mauritania partners italy n/a) (wfb::exports mauritania partners belgium n/a) (wfb::exports mauritania partners luxembourg n/a) (wfb::imports mauritania (* 3.78e+8 $)) (wfb::imports mauritania commodities foodstuffs n/a) (wfb::imports mauritania commodities consumer_goods n/a) (wfb::imports mauritania commodities petroleum_products-commodity n/a) (wfb::imports mauritania commodities capital_goods n/a) (wfb::imports mauritania partners algeria (* 15 %)) (wfb::imports mauritania partners china (* 6 %)) (wfb::imports mauritania partners us (* 3 %)) (wfb::imports mauritania partners france n/a) (wfb::imports mauritania partners germany n/a) (wfb::imports mauritania partners spain n/a) (wfb::imports mauritania partners italy n/a) (wfb::external_debt mauritania (* 1.9e+9 $)) (wfb::industrial_production mauritania growth_rate (* n/a %)) (wfb::electricity mauritania capacity (* 110000 kw)) (wfb::electricity mauritania production (* 1.35e+8 kwh)) (wfb::electricity mauritania consumption_per_capita (* 61 kwh)) (wfb::industry mauritania fish_processing) (wfb::industry mauritania mining_of_iron_ore_and_gypsum) (wfb::agriculture mauritania "accounts for 25% of GDP (including fishing); largely subsistence farming and nomadic cattle and sheep herding except in Senegal river valley; crops - dates, millet, sorghum, root crops; fish products number-one export; large food deficit in years of drought") (wfb::economic_aid mauritania recipient "US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-89), $168 million; Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-89), $1.3 billion; OPEC bilateral aid (1979-89), $490 million; Communist countries (1970-89), $277 million; Arab Development Bank (1991), $20 million") (wfb::currency mauritania ouguiya 5 khoums) (wfb::exchange_rates mauritania "ouguiyas (UM) per US$1 - 125.910 (January 1995), 123.575 (1994), 120.806 (1993),87.027 (1992), 81.946 (1991), 80.609 (1990)") (wfb::fiscal_year mauritania date_1_jan date_31_dec) (wfb::railroads mauritania total "690 km (single track); note - owned and operated by government mining company") (wfb::railroads mauritania standard_gauge "690 km 1.435-m gauge") (wfb::highways mauritania total (* 7525 km)) (wfb::highways mauritania paved (* 1685 km)) (wfb::highways mauritania unimproved_earth (* 4800 km)) (wfb::inland_waterways mauritania "mostly ferry traffic on the Senegal River") (wfb::port mauritania bogue-mauritania) (wfb::port mauritania kaedi-mauritania) (wfb::port mauritania nouadhibou-mauritania) (wfb::port mauritania nouakchott-mauritania) (wfb::port mauritania rosso-mauritania) (wfb::merchant_marine mauritania "none") (wfb::airports mauritania total 28) (wfb::airports mauritania |with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m| 3) (wfb::airports mauritania |with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m| 4) (wfb::airports mauritania |with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m| 1) (wfb::airports mauritania with_paved_runways_under_914_m 2) (wfb::airports mauritania |with unpaved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m| 2) (wfb::airports mauritania |with unpaved runways 1,524 to 2,438 m| 6) (wfb::airports mauritania |with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m| 10) (wfb::telephone_system mauritania "NA telephones; poor system of cable and open-wire lines, minor microwave radio relay links, and radio communications stations (improvements being made)") (wfb::telephone_system mauritania local "NA") (wfb::telephone_system mauritania intercity "mostly cable and open wire lines") (wfb::telephone_system mauritania international "1 INTELSAT (Atlantic Ocean) and 2 ARABSAT earth stations, with six planned") (wfb::radio mauritania broadcast_stations am 2) (wfb::radio mauritania broadcast_stations fm 0) (wfb::radio mauritania broadcast_stations shortwave 0) (wfb::radio mauritania radios n/a) (wfb::television mauritania broadcast_stations 1) (wfb::television mauritania televisions n/a) (wfb::defense_branch mauritania army_mauritania) (wfb::defense_branch mauritania navy_mauritania) (wfb::defense_branch mauritania air_force_mauritania) (wfb::defense_branch mauritania national_gendarmerie_mauritania) (wfb::defense_branch mauritania national_guard_mauritania) (wfb::defense_branch mauritania national_police_mauritania) (wfb::defense_branch mauritania presidential_guard_mauritania) (wfb::manpower_availability mauritania "males age 15-49 483,916; males fit for military service 236,323") (wfb::defense_expenditures mauritania (* 3.6e+7 $)) (wfb::defense_expenditures mauritania (* 2.7 %_of_gdp)))) (mauritius ((wfb::location mauritius "Southern Africa, island in the Indian Ocean, east of Madagascar") (wfb::map_references mauritius "World") (wfb::area mauritius total_area (* 1860 sq_km)) (wfb::area mauritius land_area (* 1850 sq_km)) (wfb::area mauritius comparative_area "slightly less than 10.5 times the size of Washington, DC") (wfb::coastline mauritius (* 177 km)) (wfb::maritime_claims mauritius exclusive_economic_zone (* 200 nm)) (wfb::maritime_claims mauritius territorial_sea (* 12 nm)) (wfb::international_disputes mauritius "claims UK-administered Chagos Archipelago, which includes the island of Diego Garcia in UK-administered British Indian Ocean Territory") (wfb::international_disputes mauritius "claims French-administered Tromelin Island") (wfb::climate mauritius "tropical, modified by southeast trade winds") (wfb::climate mauritius "warm, dry winter (May to November)") (wfb::climate mauritius "hot, wet, humid summer (November to May)") (wfb::terrain mauritius "small coastal plain rising to discontinuous mountains encircling central plateau") (wfb::natural-resource mauritius arable_land) (wfb::natural-resource mauritius fish) (wfb::land_use mauritius arable_land (* 54 %)) (wfb::land_use mauritius permanent_crops (* 4 %)) (wfb::land_use mauritius meadows_and_pastures (* 4 %)) (wfb::land_use mauritius forest_and_woodland (* 31 %)) (wfb::land_use mauritius other (* 7 %)) (wfb::irrigated_land mauritius (* 170 sq_km)) (wfb::environment mauritius current_issues "water pollution") (wfb::environment mauritius natural_hazards "cyclones (November to April)") (wfb::environment mauritius natural_hazards "almost completely surrounded by reefs that may pose maritime hazards") (wfb::environment mauritius international_agreements "party to - Biodiversity, Climate Change, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Life Conservation, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection") (wfb::population mauritius 1127068) (wfb::age_structure mauritius 0-14_years (* 28 %)) (wfb::age_structure_by_sex mauritius 0-14_years female 152892) (wfb::age_structure_by_sex mauritius 0-14_years male 158891) (wfb::age_structure mauritius 15-64_years (* 66 %)) (wfb::age_structure_by_sex mauritius 15-64_years female 376049) (wfb::age_structure_by_sex mauritius 15-64_years male 372910) (wfb::age_structure mauritius 65_years_and_over (* 6 %)) (wfb::age_structure_by_sex mauritius 65_years_and_over female 39088) (wfb::age_structure_by_sex mauritius 65_years_and_over male 27238) (wfb::population_growth_rate mauritius (* 0.89 %)) (wfb::birth_rate mauritius (* 18.91 |births/1,000 population|)) (wfb::death_rate mauritius (* 6.38 |deaths/1,000 population|)) (wfb::net_migration_rate mauritius (* -3.64 |migrant(s)/1,000 population|)) (wfb::infant_mortality_rate mauritius (* 17.8 |deaths/1,000 live births|)) (wfb::life_expectancy_at_birth mauritius total_population (* 70.84 years)) (wfb::life_expectancy_at_birth mauritius male (* 66.9 years)) (wfb::life_expectancy_at_birth mauritius female (* 74.95 years)) (wfb::total_fertility_rate mauritius (* 2.2 children_born/woman)) (wfb::nationality mauritius noun "Mauritian(s)") (wfb::nationality mauritius adjective "Mauritian") (wfb::ethnic-entity mauritius indo-mauritian (* 68 %)) (wfb::ethnic-entity mauritius creole-ethnic-entity (* 27 %)) (wfb::ethnic-entity mauritius sino-mauritian (* 3 %)) (wfb::ethnic-entity mauritius franco-mauritian (* 2 %)) (wfb::religion mauritius hindu (* 52 %)) (wfb::religion mauritius christian (* 28.3 %)) (wfb::religion mauritius muslim (* 16.6 %)) (wfb::language mauritius english n/a) (wfb::language mauritius creole n/a) (wfb::language mauritius french n/a) (wfb::language mauritius hindi n/a) (wfb::language mauritius urdu n/a) (wfb::language mauritius hakka n/a) (wfb::language mauritius bojpoori n/a) (wfb::literacy-condition mauritius "age 15 and over can read and write") (wfb::literacy mauritius total_population (* 80 %)) (wfb::literacy mauritius male (* 85 %)) (wfb::literacy mauritius female (* 75 %)) (wfb::total_labor_force mauritius 335000) (wfb::labor_force_by_occupation mauritius government_services (* 29 %)) (wfb::labor_force_by_occupation mauritius agriculture_and_fishing (* 27 %)) (wfb::labor_force_by_occupation mauritius manufacturing (* 22 %)) (wfb::names mauritius conventional_long_form "Republic of Mauritius") (wfb::names mauritius conventional_short_form "Mauritius") (wfb::digraph mauritius "MP") (type mauritius "parliamentary democracy") (wfb::capital mauritius port_louis-mauritius) (wfb::administrative_divisions mauritius adm_div_mauritius_districts 9) (wfb::administrative_divisions mauritius adm_div_mauritius_dependencies 3) (wfb::administrative_division_of mauritius adm_div_mauritius_dependencies "Agalega Islands") (wfb::administrative_division_of mauritius adm_div_mauritius_districts "Black River") (wfb::administrative_division_of mauritius adm_div_mauritius_dependencies "Cargados Carajos") (wfb::administrative_division_of mauritius adm_div_mauritius_districts "Flacq") (wfb::administrative_division_of mauritius adm_div_mauritius_districts "Grand Port") (wfb::administrative_division_of mauritius adm_div_mauritius_districts "Moka") (wfb::administrative_division_of mauritius adm_div_mauritius_districts "Pamplemousses") (wfb::administrative_division_of mauritius adm_div_mauritius_districts "Plaines Wilhems") (wfb::administrative_division_of mauritius adm_div_mauritius_districts "Port Louis") (wfb::administrative_division_of mauritius adm_div_mauritius_districts "Riviere du Rempart") (wfb::administrative_division_of mauritius adm_div_mauritius_dependencies "Rodrigues") (wfb::administrative_division_of mauritius adm_div_mauritius_districts "Savanne") (wfb::independence mauritius date_12_mar_1968 "UK") (wfb::national_holiday mauritius "Independence Day" date_12_mar) (wfb::constitution mauritius "12 March 1968; amended 12 March 1992") (wfb::legal_system mauritius "based on French civil law system with elements of English common law in certain areas") (wfb::suffrage mauritius (* 18 years_of_age)) (wfb::executive_branch mauritius chief_of_state "President Cassam UTEEM " date_1_jul_1992) (wfb::executive_branch mauritius head_of_government "Prime Minister Sir Anerood JUGNAUTH " date_12_jun_1982) (wfb::executive_branch mauritius cabinet "Council of Ministers") (wfb::legislative_structure mauritius unicameral n/a) (wfb::legislative_branch mauritius "Legislative Assembly" "elections last held on 15 September 1991 (next to be held by 15 September 1996); results - MSM/MMM 53%, MLP/PMSD 38%; seats - (66 total) MSM/MMM alliance 59 (MSM 29, MMM 26, OPR 2, MTD 2), MLP/PMSD 4 (MLP 3, PMSD 1); note - the Supreme Court denied the assignment of 3 seats to the MSM") (wfb::judicial_branch mauritius "Supreme Court") (wfb::political_parties_and_leaders mauritius government_coalition "Militant Socialist Movement (MSM), A. JUGNAUTH; Mauritian Militant Resurgence (RMM), Prem NABABSING (less 10 legislators under the leadership of Paul BERENGER, now voting with the opposition); Mauritian Social Democratic Party (PMSD), X. DUVAL; Organization of the People of Rodrigues (OPR), Louis Serge CLAIR; Democratic Labor Movement (MTD), Anil BAICHOO") (wfb::political_parties_and_leaders mauritius opposition "Mauritian Labor Party (MLP), Navin RAMGOOLMAN; MMM-Berenger Faction, Paul BERENGER; Socialist Workers Front, Sylvio MICHEL") (wfb::other_political_or_pressure_groups mauritius "various labor unions") (wfb::member_of mauritius acct) (wfb::member_of mauritius acp) (wfb::member_of mauritius afdb) (wfb::member_of mauritius c) (wfb::member_of mauritius ccc) (wfb::member_of mauritius eca) (wfb::member_of mauritius fao) (wfb::member_of mauritius g-77) (wfb::member_of mauritius gatt) (wfb::member_of mauritius iaea) (wfb::member_of mauritius ibrd) (wfb::member_of mauritius icao) (wfb::member_of mauritius icftu) (wfb::member_of mauritius icrm) (wfb::member_of mauritius ida) (wfb::member_of mauritius ifad) (wfb::member_of mauritius ifc) (wfb::member_of mauritius ifrcs) (wfb::member_of mauritius ilo) (wfb::member_of mauritius imf) (wfb::member_of mauritius imo) (wfb::member_of mauritius inmarsat) (wfb::member_of mauritius intelsat) (wfb::member_of mauritius interpol) (wfb::member_of mauritius ioc) (wfb::member_of mauritius iso) (wfb::member_of mauritius itu) (wfb::member_of mauritius nam) (wfb::member_of mauritius oau) (wfb::member_of mauritius pca) (wfb::member_of mauritius un) (wfb::member_of mauritius unctad) (wfb::member_of mauritius unesco) (wfb::member_of mauritius unido) (wfb::member_of mauritius upu) (wfb::member_of mauritius wcl) (wfb::member_of mauritius wftu) (wfb::member_of mauritius who) (wfb::member_of mauritius wipo) (wfb::member_of mauritius wmo) (wfb::member_of mauritius wto) (wfb::diplomatic_representation_in_us mauritius chief_of_mission "Ambassador Anund Priyay NEEWOOR") (wfb::diplomatic_representation_in_us mauritius chancery "Suite 441, 4301 Connecticut Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008") (wfb::diplomatic_representation_in_us mauritius telephone "[1] (202) 244-1491, 1492") (wfb::diplomatic_representation_in_us mauritius fax "[1] (202) 966-0983") (wfb::us_diplomatic_representation mauritius chief_of_mission "Ambassador Leslie M. ALEXANDER") (wfb::us_diplomatic_representation mauritius embassy "4th Floor, Rogers House, John Kennedy Street, Port Louis") (wfb::us_diplomatic_representation mauritius mailing_address "use embassy street address") (wfb::us_diplomatic_representation mauritius telephone "[230] 208-9763 through 9767") (wfb::us_diplomatic_representation mauritius fax "[230] 208-9534") (wfb::flag mauritius "four equal horizontal bands of red (top), blue, yellow, and green") (wfb::overview mauritius "Since independence in 1968, Mauritius has developed from a low income, agriculturally based economy to middle income diversified economy with growing industrial and tourist sectors. For most of the period annual growth has been of the order of 5% to 6%. This remarkable achievement has been reflected in increased life expectancy, lowered infant mortality, and a much improved infrastructure. Sugarcane is grown on about 90% of the cultivated land area and accounts for 40% of export earnings. The government's development strategy centers on industrialization (with a view to modernization and to exports), agricultural diversification, and tourism. Economic performance in 1991-93 continued strong with solid real growth and low unemployment.") (wfb::national_product mauritius (* 9.3e+9 $)) (wfb::national_product_real_growth_rate mauritius (* 4.7 %)) (wfb::national_product_per_capita mauritius (* 8600 $)) (wfb::|Inflation rate (consumer prices)| mauritius "9.4% (1993 est.)") (wfb::unemployment_rate mauritius (* 2.4 %)) (wfb::budget mauritius revenues (* 6.53e+8 $)) (wfb::budget mauritius expenditures (* 5.67e+8 $)) (wfb::budget mauritius capital_expenditures (* 1.43e+8 $)) (wfb::exports mauritius (* 1.32e+9 $)) (wfb::exports mauritius commodities textiles-commodity (* 44 %)) (wfb::exports mauritius commodities sugar-commodity (* 40 %)) (wfb::exports mauritius commodities light_manufactures (* 10 %)) (wfb::exports mauritius partners (union ec_and_us_have_preferential_treatment ec) (* 77 %)) (wfb::exports mauritius partners us (* 15 %)) (wfb::imports mauritius (* 1.7e+9 $)) (wfb::imports mauritius commodities manufactured_goods (* 50 %)) (wfb::imports mauritius commodities capital_equipment (* 17 %)) (wfb::imports mauritius commodities foodstuffs (* 13 %)) (wfb::imports mauritius commodities petroleum_products-commodity (* 8 %)) (wfb::imports mauritius commodities chemicals-commodity (* 7 %)) (wfb::imports mauritius partners ec n/a) (wfb::imports mauritius partners us n/a) (wfb::imports mauritius partners south_africa n/a) (wfb::imports mauritius partners japan n/a) (wfb::external_debt mauritius (* 9.968e+8 $)) (wfb::industrial_production mauritius growth_rate (* 5.8 %)) (wfb::industrial_production mauritius accounts_for (* 25 %_of_gdp)) (wfb::electricity mauritius capacity (* 340000 kw)) (wfb::electricity mauritius production (* 9.2e+8 kwh)) (wfb::electricity mauritius consumption_per_capita (* 777 kwh)) (wfb::industry mauritius |food processing (largely sugar milling)|) (wfb::industry mauritius textiles) (wfb::industry mauritius wearing_apparel) (wfb::industry mauritius chemicals) (wfb::industry mauritius metal_products) (wfb::industry mauritius transport_equipment-industry) (wfb::industry mauritius tourism) (wfb::agriculture mauritius "accounts for 10% of GDP; about 90% of cultivated land in sugarcane; other products - tea, corn, potatoes, bananas, pulses, cattle, goats, fish; net food importer, especially rice and fish") (wfb::illicit_drugs mauritius "illicit producer of cannabis for the international drug trade; heroin consumption and transshipment are growing problems") (wfb::economic_aid mauritius recipient "US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-89), $76 million; Western (non-US) countries (1970-89), $709 million; Communist countries (1970-89), $54 million") (wfb::currency mauritius mauritian_rupee 100 cents) (wfb::exchange_rates mauritius "Mauritian rupees (MauRs) per US$1 - 17.755 (January 1995), 17.960 (1994), 17.648 (1993), 15.563 (1992), 15.652 (1991), 14.839 (1990)") (wfb::fiscal_year mauritius date_1_jul date_30_jun) (wfb::railroads mauritius "0 km") (wfb::highways mauritius total (* 1800 km)) (wfb::highways mauritius paved (* 1640 km)) (wfb::highways mauritius earth (* 160 km)) (wfb::port mauritius port_louis-mauritius) (wfb::merchant_marine mauritius total "16 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 191,703 GRT/297,347 DWT") (wfb::merchant_marine mauritius ships_by_type "bulk 5, cargo 8, liquefied gas tanker 1, oil tanker 1, passenger-cargo 1") (wfb::airports mauritius total 5) (wfb::airports mauritius |with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m| 1) (wfb::airports mauritius |with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m| 1) (wfb::airports mauritius with_paved_runways_under_914_m 2) (wfb::airports mauritius |with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m| 1) (wfb::telephone_system mauritius "over 48,000 telephones; small system with good service") (wfb::telephone_system mauritius local "NA") (wfb::telephone_system mauritius intercity "utilizes primarily microwave radio relay") (wfb::telephone_system mauritius international "1 INTELSAT (Indian Ocean) earth station; new microwave link to Reunion; high-frequency radio links to several countries") (wfb::radio mauritius broadcast_stations am 2) (wfb::radio mauritius broadcast_stations fm 0) (wfb::radio mauritius broadcast_stations shortwave 0) (wfb::radio mauritius radios n/a) (wfb::television mauritius broadcast_stations 4) (wfb::television mauritius televisions n/a) (wfb::defense_branch mauritius national_police_force_mauritius) (wfb::manpower_availability mauritius "males age 15-49 321,947; males fit for military service 163,904 (1995 est.)") (wfb::defense_expenditures mauritius (* 1.12e+7 $)) (wfb::defense_expenditures mauritius (* 0.4 %_of_gdp)))) (morocco ((wfb::location morocco "Northern Africa, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea, between Algeria and Western Sahara") (wfb::map_references morocco "Africa") (wfb::area morocco total_area (* 446550 sq_km)) (wfb::area morocco land_area (* 446300 sq_km)) (wfb::area morocco comparative_area "slightly larger than California") (wfb::borders morocco total (* 2002 km)) (wfb::borders morocco algeria (* 1559 km)) (wfb::borders morocco western_sahara (* 443 km)) (wfb::coastline morocco (* 1835 km)) (wfb::maritime_claims morocco contiguous_zone (* 24 nm)) (wfb::maritime_claims morocco exclusive_economic_zone (* 200 nm)) (wfb::maritime_claims morocco territorial_sea (* 12 nm)) (wfb::international_disputes morocco "claims and administers Western Sahara, but sovereignty is unresolved") (wfb::international_disputes morocco "the UN is attempting to hold a referendum") (wfb::international_disputes morocco "the UN-administered cease-fire has been currently in effect since September 1991") (wfb::international_disputes morocco "Spain controls five places of sovereignty (plazas de soberania) on and off the coast of Morocco - the coastal enclaves of Ceuta and Melilla which Morocco contests as well as the islands of Penon de Alhucemas, Penon de Velez de la Gomera, and Islas Chafarinas") (wfb::climate morocco "Mediterranean, becoming more extreme in the interior") (wfb::terrain morocco "northern coast and interior are mountainous with large areas of bordering plateaus, intermontane valleys, and rich coastal plains") (wfb::natural-resource morocco phosphates) (wfb::natural-resource morocco iron_ore) (wfb::natural-resource morocco manganese) (wfb::natural-resource morocco lead) (wfb::natural-resource morocco zinc) (wfb::natural-resource morocco fish) (wfb::natural-resource morocco salt) (wfb::land_use morocco arable_land (* 18 %)) (wfb::land_use morocco permanent_crops (* 1 %)) (wfb::land_use morocco meadows_and_pastures (* 28 %)) (wfb::land_use morocco forest_and_woodland (* 12 %)) (wfb::land_use morocco other (* 41 %)) (wfb::irrigated_land morocco (* 12650 sq_km)) (wfb::environment morocco current_issues "land degradation/desertification (soil erosion resulting from farming of marginal areas, overgrazing, destruction of vegetation)") (wfb::environment morocco current_issues "water supplies contaminated by raw sewage") (wfb::environment morocco current_issues "siltation of reservoirs") (wfb::environment morocco current_issues "oil pollution of coastal waters") (wfb::environment morocco natural_hazards "northern mountains geologically unstable and subject to earthquakes") (wfb::environment morocco natural_hazards "periodic droughts") (wfb::environment morocco international_agreements "party to - Endangered Species, Marine Dumping, Nuclear Test Ban, Ship Pollution, Wetlands") (wfb::environment morocco international_agreements "signed, but not ratified - Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Environmental Modification, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection") (wfb::note morocco "strategic location along Strait of Gibraltar") (wfb::population morocco 29168848) (wfb::age_structure morocco 0-14_years (* 38 %)) (wfb::age_structure_by_sex morocco 0-14_years female 5486176) (wfb::age_structure_by_sex morocco 0-14_years male 5659410) (wfb::age_structure morocco 15-64_years (* 58 %)) (wfb::age_structure_by_sex morocco 15-64_years female 8456525) (wfb::age_structure_by_sex morocco 15-64_years male 8327560) (wfb::age_structure morocco 65_years_and_over (* 4 %)) (wfb::age_structure_by_sex morocco 65_years_and_over female 641236) (wfb::age_structure_by_sex morocco 65_years_and_over male 597941) (wfb::population_growth_rate morocco (* 2.09 %)) (wfb::birth_rate morocco (* 27.93 |births/1,000 population|)) (wfb::death_rate morocco (* 5.97 |deaths/1,000 population|)) (wfb::net_migration_rate morocco (* -1.08 |migrant(s)/1,000 population|)) (wfb::infant_mortality_rate morocco (* 45.8 |deaths/1,000 live births|)) (wfb::life_expectancy_at_birth morocco total_population (* 68.98 years)) (wfb::life_expectancy_at_birth morocco male (* 67.03 years)) (wfb::life_expectancy_at_birth morocco female (* 71.02 years)) (wfb::total_fertility_rate morocco (* 3.69 children_born/woman)) (wfb::nationality morocco noun "Moroccan(s)") (wfb::nationality morocco adjective "Moroccan") (wfb::ethnic-entity morocco arab-berber (* 99.1 %)) (wfb::ethnic-entity morocco jewish-ethnic-entity (* 0.2 %)) (wfb::religion morocco muslim (* 98.7 %)) (wfb::religion morocco christian (* 1.1 %)) (wfb::religion morocco jewish (* 0.2 %)) (wfb::language morocco arabic n/a) (wfb::language morocco berber_dialects n/a) (wfb::language morocco french_often_the_language_of_business n/a) (wfb::language morocco government-language-group n/a) (wfb::language morocco diplomacy n/a) (wfb::literacy-condition morocco "age 15 and over can read and write") (wfb::literacy morocco total_population (* 50 %)) (wfb::literacy morocco male (* 61 %)) (wfb::literacy morocco female (* 38 %)) (wfb::total_labor_force morocco 7400000.0) (wfb::labor_force_by_occupation morocco agriculture (* 50 %)) (wfb::labor_force_by_occupation morocco services (* 26 %)) (wfb::labor_force_by_occupation morocco industry (* 15 %)) (wfb::names morocco conventional_long_form "Kingdom of Morocco") (wfb::names morocco conventional_short_form "Morocco") (wfb::names morocco local_long_form "Al Mamlakah al Maghribiyah") (wfb::names morocco local_short_form "Al Maghrib") (wfb::digraph morocco "MO") (type morocco "constitutional monarchy") (wfb::capital morocco rabat-morocco) (wfb::administrative_divisions morocco adm_div_morocco_provinces 36) (wfb::administrative_divisions morocco adm_div_morocco_wilayas 5) (wfb::administrative_division_of morocco adm_div_morocco_provinces "Agadir") (wfb::administrative_division_of morocco adm_div_morocco_provinces "Al Hoceima") (wfb::administrative_division_of morocco adm_div_morocco_provinces "Assa-Zag") (wfb::administrative_division_of morocco adm_div_morocco_provinces "Azilal") (wfb::administrative_division_of morocco adm_div_morocco_provinces "Beni Mellal") (wfb::administrative_division_of morocco adm_div_morocco_provinces "Ben Slimane") (wfb::administrative_division_of morocco adm_div_morocco_provinces "Boulemane") (wfb::administrative_division_of morocco adm_div_morocco_wilayas "Casablanca") (wfb::administrative_division_of morocco adm_div_morocco_provinces "Chaouen") (wfb::administrative_division_of morocco adm_div_morocco_provinces "El Jadida") (wfb::administrative_division_of morocco adm_div_morocco_provinces "El Kelaa des Sraghna") (wfb::administrative_division_of morocco adm_div_morocco_provinces "Er Rachidia") (wfb::administrative_division_of morocco adm_div_morocco_provinces "Essaouira") (wfb::administrative_division_of morocco adm_div_morocco_provinces "Es Smara") (wfb::administrative_division_of morocco adm_div_morocco_wilayas "Fes") (wfb::administrative_division_of morocco adm_div_morocco_provinces "Figuig") (wfb::administrative_division_of morocco adm_div_morocco_provinces "Guelmim") (wfb::administrative_division_of morocco adm_div_morocco_provinces "Ifrane") (wfb::administrative_division_of morocco adm_div_morocco_provinces "Kenitra") (wfb::administrative_division_of morocco adm_div_morocco_provinces "Khemisset") (wfb::administrative_division_of morocco adm_div_morocco_provinces "Khenifra") (wfb::administrative_division_of morocco adm_div_morocco_provinces "Khouribga") (wfb::administrative_division_of morocco adm_div_morocco_provinces "Laayoune") (wfb::administrative_division_of morocco adm_div_morocco_provinces "Larache") (wfb::administrative_division_of morocco adm_div_morocco_wilayas "Marrakech") (wfb::administrative_division_of morocco adm_div_morocco_wilayas "Meknes") (wfb::administrative_division_of morocco adm_div_morocco_provinces "Nador") (wfb::administrative_division_of morocco adm_div_morocco_provinces "Ouarzazate") (wfb::administrative_division_of morocco adm_div_morocco_provinces "Oujda") (wfb::administrative_division_of morocco adm_div_morocco_wilayas "Rabat-Sale") (wfb::administrative_division_of morocco adm_div_morocco_provinces "Safi") (wfb::administrative_division_of morocco adm_div_morocco_provinces "Settat") (wfb::administrative_division_of morocco adm_div_morocco_provinces "Sidi Kacem") (wfb::administrative_division_of morocco adm_div_morocco_provinces "Tanger") (wfb::administrative_division_of morocco adm_div_morocco_provinces "Tan-Tan") (wfb::administrative_division_of morocco adm_div_morocco_provinces "Taounate") (wfb::administrative_division_of morocco adm_div_morocco_provinces "Taroudannt") (wfb::administrative_division_of morocco adm_div_morocco_provinces "Tata") (wfb::administrative_division_of morocco adm_div_morocco_provinces "Taza") (wfb::administrative_division_of morocco adm_div_morocco_provinces "Tetouan") (wfb::administrative_division_of morocco adm_div_morocco_provinces "Tiznit") (wfb::independence morocco date_2_mar_1956 "France") (wfb::national_holiday morocco "National Day" date_3_mar) (wfb::constitution morocco "10 March 1972, revised 4 September 1992") (wfb::legal_system morocco "based on Islamic law and French and Spanish civil law system; judicial review of legislative acts in Constitutional Chamber of Supreme Court") (wfb::suffrage morocco (* 21 years_of_age)) (wfb::executive_branch morocco chief_of_state "King HASSAN II " date_3_mar_1961) (wfb::executive_branch morocco head_of_government "Prime Minister Abdellatif FILALI " date_29_may_1994) (wfb::executive_branch morocco cabinet "Council of Ministers") (wfb::legislative_structure morocco unicameral n/a) (wfb::legislative_branch morocco "Chamber of Representatives (Majlis Nawab)" "two-thirds elected by direct, universal suffrage and one-third by an electoral college of government, professional, and labor representatives; direct, popular elections last held 15 June 1993 (next to be held NA 1999); results - percent of vote by party NA; seats (333 total, 222 directly elected) USFP 48, IP 43, MP 33, RNI 28, UC 27, PND 14, MNP 14, PPS 6, PDI 3, SAP 2, PA 2, OADP 2; indirect, special interest elections last held 17 September 1993 (next to be held NA 1999); results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (333 total, 111 indirectly elected) UC 27, MP 18, RNI 13, MNP 11, PND 10, IP 7, Party of Shura and Istiqlal 6, USFP 4, PPS 4, CDT 4, UTM 3, UGTM 2, SAP 2") (wfb::judicial_branch morocco "Supreme Court") (wfb::political_parties_and_leaders morocco opposition "Socialist Union of Popular Forces (USFP), Mohammad al-YAZGHI; Istiqlal Party (IP), M'Hamed BOUCETTA; Party of Progress and Socialism (PPS), Ali YATA; Organization of Democratic and Popular Action (OADP), leader NA") (wfb::political_parties_and_leaders morocco pro-government "Constitutional Union (UC), Maati BOUABID; Popular Movement (MP), Mohamed LAENSER; National Democratic Party (PND), Mohamed Arsalane EL-JADIDI; National Popular Movement (MNP), Mahjoubi AHARDANE") (wfb::political_parties_and_leaders morocco independents "National Rally of Independents (RNI), Ahmed OSMAN; Democracy and Istiqlal Party (PDI), leader NA; Action Party (PA), Abdullah SENHAJI; Non-Obedience Candidates (SAP), leader NA") (wfb::political_parties_and_leaders morocco |labor unions and community organizations (indirect elections) only)| "Democratic Confederation of Labor (CDT), Nabir AMAOUI; General Union of Moroccan Workers (UGTM), Abderrazzak AFILAL; Moroccan Union of Workers (UTM), leader NA; Party of Shura and Istiqlal, leader NA") (wfb::member_of morocco abeda) (wfb::member_of morocco acct) (wfb::member_of morocco afdb) (wfb::member_of morocco afesd) (wfb::member_of morocco al) (wfb::member_of morocco amf) (wfb::member_of morocco amu) (wfb::member_of morocco ccc) (wfb::member_of morocco ebrd) (wfb::member_of morocco eca) (wfb::member_of morocco fao) (wfb::member_of morocco g-77) (wfb::member_of morocco gatt) (wfb::member_of morocco iaea) (wfb::member_of morocco ibrd) (wfb::member_of morocco icao) (wfb::member_of morocco icc) (wfb::member_of morocco icftu) (wfb::member_of morocco icrm) (wfb::member_of morocco ida) (wfb::member_of morocco idb) (wfb::member_of morocco ifad) (wfb::member_of morocco ifc) (wfb::member_of morocco ifrcs) (wfb::member_of morocco ilo) (wfb::member_of morocco imf) (wfb::member_of morocco imo) (wfb::member_of morocco intelsat) (wfb::member_of morocco interpol) (wfb::member_of morocco ioc) (wfb::member_of morocco iom) (wfb::member_of morocco iso) (wfb::member_of morocco itu) (wfb::member_of morocco nam) (wfb::member_of morocco oas) (wfb::member_of morocco oic) (wfb::member_of morocco un) (wfb::member_of morocco unavem_ii) (wfb::member_of morocco unctad) (wfb::member_of morocco unesco) (wfb::member_of morocco unhcr) (wfb::member_of morocco unido) (wfb::member_of morocco upu) (wfb::member_of morocco who) (wfb::member_of morocco wipo) (wfb::member_of morocco wmo) (wfb::member_of morocco wto) (wfb::diplomatic_representation_in_us morocco chief_of_mission "Ambassador Mohamed BENAISSA") (wfb::diplomatic_representation_in_us morocco chancery "1601 21st Street NW, Washington, DC 20009") (wfb::diplomatic_representation_in_us morocco telephone "[1] (202) 462-7979 through 7982") (wfb::diplomatic_representation_in_us morocco fax "[1] (202) 265-0161") (wfb::diplomatic_representation_in_us morocco |consulate(s) general| "New York") (wfb::us_diplomatic_representation morocco chief_of_mission "Ambassador Marc C. GINSBERG") (wfb::us_diplomatic_representation morocco embassy "2 Avenue de Marrakech, Rabat") (wfb::us_diplomatic_representation morocco mailing_address "PSC 74, Box 003, APO AE 09718") (wfb::us_diplomatic_representation morocco telephone "[212] (7) 76 22 65") (wfb::us_diplomatic_representation morocco fax "[212] (7) 76 56 61") (wfb::us_diplomatic_representation morocco |consulate(s) general| "Casablanca") (wfb::flag morocco "red with a green pentacle (five-pointed, linear star) known as Solomon's seal in the center of the flag; green is the traditional color of Islam") (wfb::overview morocco "Morocco faces the typical problems of developing countries - restraining government spending, reducing constraints on private activity and foreign trade, and keeping inflation within bounds. Since the early 1980s the government has pursued an economic program toward these objectives with the support of the IMF, the World Bank, and the Paris Club of creditors. The economy has substantial assets to draw on: the world's largest phosphate reserves, diverse agricultural and fishing resources, a sizable tourist industry, a growing manufacturing sector, and remittances from Moroccans working abroad. A severe drought in 1992-93 depressed economic activity and held down exports. Real GDP contracted by 4.4% in 1992 and 1.1% in 1993. Despite these setbacks, initiatives to relax capital controls, strengthen the banking sector, and privatize state enterprises went forward in 1993-94. Favorable rainfall in 1994 boosted agricultural production by 40%. Servicing the large debt, high unemployment, and vulnerability to external economic forces remain long-term problems for Morocco.") (wfb::national_product morocco (* 8.75e+10 $)) (wfb::national_product_real_growth_rate morocco (* 8 %)) (wfb::national_product_per_capita morocco (* 3060 $)) (wfb::|Inflation rate (consumer prices)| morocco "5.4% (1994)") (wfb::unemployment_rate morocco (* 16 %)) (wfb::budget morocco revenues (* 8.0999997e+9 $)) (wfb::budget morocco expenditures (* 8.9e+9 $)) (wfb::exports morocco (* 4.1e+9 $)) (wfb::exports morocco commodities food_and_beverages (* 30 %)) (wfb::exports morocco commodities semiprocessed_goods (* 23 %)) (wfb::exports morocco commodities consumer_goods (* 21 %)) (wfb::exports morocco commodities phosphates-commodity (* 17 %)) (wfb::exports morocco partners eu (* 70 %)) (wfb::exports morocco partners japan (* 5 %)) (wfb::exports morocco partners us (* 4 %)) (wfb::exports morocco partners libya (* 3 %)) (wfb::exports morocco partners india (* 2 %)) (wfb::imports morocco (* 7.5000003e+9 $)) (wfb::imports morocco commodities capital_goods (* 24 %)) (wfb::imports morocco commodities semiprocessed_goods (* 22 %)) (wfb::imports morocco commodities raw_materials (* 16 %)) (wfb::imports morocco commodities fuel_and_lubricants (* 16 %)) (wfb::imports morocco commodities food_and_beverages (* 13 %)) (wfb::imports morocco commodities consumer_goods (* 9 %)) (wfb::imports morocco partners ec (* 59 %)) (wfb::imports morocco partners us (* 8 %)) (wfb::imports morocco partners saudi_arabia (* 5 %)) (wfb::imports morocco partners uae (* 3 %)) (wfb::imports morocco partners russia (* 2 %)) (wfb::external_debt morocco (* 2.05e+10 $)) (wfb::electricity morocco capacity (* 2620000 kw)) (wfb::electricity morocco production (* 9.9e+9 kwh)) (wfb::electricity morocco consumption_per_capita (* 361 kwh)) (wfb::industry morocco phosphate_rock_mining_and_processing) (wfb::industry morocco food_processing) (wfb::industry morocco leather_goods) (wfb::industry morocco textiles) (wfb::industry morocco construction-industry) (wfb::industry morocco tourism) (wfb::agriculture morocco "accounts for 15% of GDP, 50% of employment, and 30% of export value; not self-sufficient in food; cereal farming and livestock raising predominate; barley, wheat, citrus fruit, wine, vegetables, olives") (wfb::illicit_drugs morocco "illicit producer of hashish; trafficking on the increase for both domestic and international drug markets; shipments of hashish mostly directed to Western Europe; transit point for cocaine from South America destined for Western Europe") (wfb::economic_aid morocco recipient "US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-89), $1.3 billion; US commitments, including Ex-Im (1992), $123.6 million; Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-89), $7.5 billion; OPEC bilateral aid (1979-89), $4.8 billion; Communist countries (1970-89), $2.5 billion") (wfb::currency morocco moroccan_dirham 100 centimes) (wfb::exchange_rates morocco "Moroccan dirhams (DH) per US$1 - 2.892 (January 1995), 9.203 (1994), 9.299 (1993), 8.538 (1992), 8.707 (1991), 8.242 (1990)") (wfb::fiscal_year morocco date_1_jan date_31_dec) (wfb::railroads morocco total "1,893 km") (wfb::railroads morocco standard_gauge "1,893 km 1.435-m gauge (974 km electrified; 246 km double track)") (wfb::highways morocco total (* 59474 km)) (wfb::highways morocco paved (* 29440 km)) (wfb::highways morocco (union gravel crushed_stone improved_earth unimproved_earth) (* 30034 km)) (wfb::port morocco agadir-morocco) (wfb::port morocco al_jadida-morocco) (wfb::port morocco casablanca-morocco) (wfb::port morocco el_jorf_lasfar-morocco) (wfb::port morocco kenitra-morocco) (wfb::port morocco mohammedia-morocco) (wfb::port morocco nador-morocco) (wfb::port morocco rabat-morocco) (wfb::port morocco safi-morocco) (wfb::port morocco tangier-morocco) (wfb::merchant_marine morocco total "38 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 183,951 GRT/273,057 DWT") (wfb::merchant_marine morocco ships_by_type "cargo 6, chemical tanker 9, container 2, oil tanker 4, refrigerated cargo 10, roll-on/roll-off cargo 6, short-sea passenger 1") (wfb::airports morocco total 74) (wfb::airports morocco |with paved runways over 3,047 m| 11) (wfb::airports morocco |with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m| 4) (wfb::airports morocco |with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m| 8) (wfb::airports morocco |with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m| 3) (wfb::airports morocco with_paved_runways_under_914_m 13) (wfb::airports morocco |with unpaved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m| 1) (wfb::airports morocco |with unpaved runways 1,524 to 2,438 m| 10) (wfb::airports morocco |with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m| 24) (wfb::telephone_system morocco "280,000 telephones; 10.5 telephones/1,000 persons") (wfb::telephone_system morocco local "NA") (wfb::telephone_system morocco intercity "good system composed of wire lines, cables, and microwave radio relay links; principal centers are Casablanca and Rabat; secondary centers are Fes, Marrakech, Oujda, Tangier, and Tetouan") (wfb::telephone_system morocco international "5 submarine cables; 2 INTELSAT (Atlantic Ocean) and 1 ARABSAT earth station; microwave radio relay to Gibraltar, Spain, and Western Sahara; coaxial cable and microwave radio relay to Algeria; microwave radio relay network linking Syria, Jordan, Egypt, Libya, Tunisia, Algeria, and Morocco") (wfb::radio morocco broadcast_stations am 20) (wfb::radio morocco broadcast_stations fm 7) (wfb::radio morocco broadcast_stations shortwave 0) (wfb::radio morocco radios n/a) (wfb::television morocco broadcast_stations 26) (wfb::television morocco televisions n/a) (wfb::defense_branch morocco royal_moroccan_army_morocco) (wfb::defense_branch morocco royal_moroccan_navy_morocco) (wfb::defense_branch morocco royal_moroccan_air_force_morocco) (wfb::defense_branch morocco royal_gendarmerie_morocco) (wfb::defense_branch morocco auxiliary_forces_morocco) (wfb::manpower_availability morocco "males age 15-49 7,307,076; males fit for military service 4,637,453; males reach military age (18) annually 323,921 (1995 est.)") (wfb::defense_expenditures morocco (* 1.3e+9 $)) (wfb::defense_expenditures morocco (* 3.8 %_of_gdp)))) (mozambique ((wfb::location mozambique "Southern Africa, bordering the Mozambique Channel, between South Africa and Tanzania") (wfb::map_references mozambique "Africa") (wfb::area mozambique total_area (* 801590 sq_km)) (wfb::area mozambique land_area (* 784090 sq_km)) (wfb::area mozambique comparative_area "slightly less than twice the size of California") (wfb::borders mozambique total (* 4571 km)) (wfb::borders mozambique malawi (* 1569 km)) (wfb::borders mozambique south_africa (* 491 km)) (wfb::borders mozambique swaziland (* 105 km)) (wfb::borders mozambique tanzania (* 756 km)) (wfb::borders mozambique zambia (* 419 km)) (wfb::borders mozambique zimbabwe (* 1231 km)) (wfb::coastline mozambique (* 2470 km)) (wfb::maritime_claims mozambique exclusive_economic_zone (* 200 nm)) (wfb::maritime_claims mozambique territorial_sea (* 12 nm)) (wfb::international_disputes mozambique "none") (wfb::climate mozambique "tropical to subtropical") (wfb::terrain mozambique "mostly coastal lowlands, uplands in center, high plateaus in northwest, mountains in west") (wfb::natural-resource mozambique coal) (wfb::natural-resource mozambique titanium) (wfb::land_use mozambique arable_land (* 4 %)) (wfb::land_use mozambique permanent_crops (* 0 %)) (wfb::land_use mozambique meadows_and_pastures (* 56 %)) (wfb::land_use mozambique forest_and_woodland (* 20 %)) (wfb::land_use mozambique other (* 20 %)) (wfb::irrigated_land mozambique (* 1150 sq_km)) (wfb::environment mozambique current_issues "civil strife and recurrent drought in the hinterlands have resulted in increased migration to urban and coastal areas with adverse environmental consequences") (wfb::environment mozambique current_issues "desertification") (wfb::environment mozambique current_issues "pollution of surface and coastal waters") (wfb::environment mozambique natural_hazards "severe droughts and floods occur in central and southern provinces") (wfb::environment mozambique natural_hazards "devastating cyclones") (wfb::environment mozambique international_agreements "party to - Endangered Species, Ozone Layer Protection") (wfb::environment mozambique international_agreements "signed, but not ratified - Biodiversity, Climate Change, Law of the Sea") (wfb::population mozambique 18115250) (wfb::age_structure mozambique 0-14_years (* 45 %)) (wfb::age_structure_by_sex mozambique 0-14_years female 4069117) (wfb::age_structure_by_sex mozambique 0-14_years male 4078429) (wfb::age_structure mozambique 15-64_years (* 53 %)) (wfb::age_structure_by_sex mozambique 15-64_years female 4882292) (wfb::age_structure_by_sex mozambique 15-64_years male 4630193) (wfb::age_structure mozambique 65_years_and_over (* 2 %)) (wfb::age_structure_by_sex mozambique 65_years_and_over female 260057) (wfb::age_structure_by_sex mozambique 65_years_and_over male 195162) (wfb::population_growth_rate mozambique (* 2.87 %)) (wfb::birth_rate mozambique (* 44.6 |births/1,000 population|)) (wfb::death_rate mozambique (* 15.94 |deaths/1,000 population|)) (wfb::net_migration_rate mozambique (* n/a |migrant(s)/1,000 population|)) (wfb::infant_mortality_rate mozambique (* 126 |deaths/1,000 live births|)) (wfb::life_expectancy_at_birth mozambique total_population (* 48.95 years)) (wfb::life_expectancy_at_birth mozambique male (* 47.04 years)) (wfb::life_expectancy_at_birth mozambique female (* 50.92 years)) (wfb::total_fertility_rate mozambique (* 6.19 children_born/woman)) (wfb::nationality mozambique noun "Mozambican(s)") (wfb::nationality mozambique adjective "Mozambican") (wfb::ethnic-entity mozambique indigenous_tribal_groups n/a) (wfb::ethnic-entity mozambique |Europeans about 10,000| n/a) (wfb::ethnic-entity mozambique |Euro-Africans 35,000| n/a) (wfb::ethnic-entity mozambique |Indians 15,000| n/a) (wfb::religion mozambique indigenous_beliefs (* 60 %)) (wfb::religion mozambique christian (* 30 %)) (wfb::religion mozambique muslim (* 10 %)) (wfb::language mozambique portuguese n/a) (wfb::language mozambique indigenous_dialects n/a) (wfb::literacy-condition mozambique "age 15 and over can read and write") (wfb::literacy mozambique total_population (* 33 %)) (wfb::literacy mozambique male (* 45 %)) (wfb::literacy mozambique female (* 21 %)) (wfb::total_labor_force mozambique n/a) (wfb::names mozambique conventional_long_form "Republic of Mozambique") (wfb::names mozambique conventional_short_form "Mozambique") (wfb::names mozambique local_long_form "Republica Popular de Mocambique") (wfb::names mozambique local_short_form "Mocambique") (wfb::digraph mozambique "MZ") (type mozambique "republic") (wfb::capital mozambique maputo-mozambique) (wfb::administrative_divisions mozambique adm_div_mozambique_provinces 10) (wfb::administrative_division_of mozambique adm_div_mozambique_provinces "Cabo Delgado") (wfb::administrative_division_of mozambique adm_div_mozambique_provinces "Gaza") (wfb::administrative_division_of mozambique adm_div_mozambique_provinces "Inhambane") (wfb::administrative_division_of mozambique adm_div_mozambique_provinces "Manica") (wfb::administrative_division_of mozambique adm_div_mozambique_provinces "Maputo") (wfb::administrative_division_of mozambique adm_div_mozambique_provinces "Nampula") (wfb::administrative_division_of mozambique adm_div_mozambique_provinces "Niassa") (wfb::administrative_division_of mozambique adm_div_mozambique_provinces "Sofala") (wfb::administrative_division_of mozambique adm_div_mozambique_provinces "Tete") (wfb::administrative_division_of mozambique adm_div_mozambique_provinces "Zambezia") (wfb::independence mozambique date_25_jun_1975 "Portugal") (wfb::national_holiday mozambique "Independence Day" date_25_jun) (wfb::constitution mozambique "30 November 1990") (wfb::legal_system mozambique "based on Portuguese civil law system and customary law") (wfb::suffrage mozambique (* 18 years_of_age)) (wfb::executive_branch mozambique chief_of_state "President Joaquim Alberto CHISSANO " date_6_nov_1986) (wfb::executive_branch mozambique head_of_government "Prime Minister Pascoal MOCUMBI " date_dec_1994) (wfb::executive_branch mozambique cabinet "Cabinet") (wfb::legislative_structure mozambique unicameral n/a) (wfb::legislative_branch mozambique "Assembly of the Republic (Assembleia da Republica)" "draft electoral law provides for periodic, direct presidential and Assembly elections") (wfb::judicial_branch mozambique "Supreme Court") (wfb::political_parties_and_leaders mozambique "Front for the Liberation of Mozambique (FRELIMO), Joaquim Alberto CHISSANO, chairman; the ruling party since independence, FRELIMO was the only legal party before 30 November 1990 when the new Constitution went into effect establishing a multiparty system") (wfb::member_of mozambique acp) (wfb::member_of mozambique afdb) (wfb::member_of mozambique ccc) (wfb::member_of mozambique eca) (wfb::member_of mozambique fao) (wfb::member_of mozambique fls) (wfb::member_of mozambique g-77) (wfb::member_of mozambique gatt) (wfb::member_of mozambique ibrd) (wfb::member_of mozambique icao) (wfb::member_of mozambique icrm) (wfb::member_of mozambique ida) (wfb::member_of mozambique ifad) (wfb::member_of mozambique ifc) (wfb::member_of mozambique ifrcs) (wfb::member_of mozambique ilo) (wfb::member_of mozambique imf) (wfb::member_of mozambique imo) (wfb::member_of mozambique inmarsat) (wfb::member_of mozambique intelsat) (wfb::member_of mozambique interpol) (wfb::member_of mozambique ioc) (wfb::member_of mozambique iom) (wfb::member_of mozambique itu) (wfb::member_of mozambique nam) (wfb::member_of mozambique oau) (wfb::member_of mozambique oic) (wfb::member_of mozambique sadc) (wfb::member_of mozambique un) (wfb::member_of mozambique unctad) (wfb::member_of mozambique unesco) (wfb::member_of mozambique unido) (wfb::member_of mozambique upu) (wfb::member_of mozambique wftu) (wfb::member_of mozambique who) (wfb::member_of mozambique wmo) (wfb::diplomatic_representation_in_us mozambique chief_of_mission "Ambassador Hipolito Pereira Zozimo PATRICIO") (wfb::diplomatic_representation_in_us mozambique chancery "Suite 570, 1990 M Street NW, Washington, DC 20036") (wfb::diplomatic_representation_in_us mozambique telephone "[1] (202) 293-7146") (wfb::diplomatic_representation_in_us mozambique fax "[1] (202) 835-0245") (wfb::us_diplomatic_representation mozambique chief_of_mission "Ambassador Dennis Coleman JETT") (wfb::us_diplomatic_representation mozambique embassy "Avenida Kenneth Kuanda, 193 Maputo") (wfb::us_diplomatic_representation mozambique mailing_address "P. O. Box 783, Maputo") (wfb::us_diplomatic_representation mozambique telephone "[258] (1) 492797") (wfb::us_diplomatic_representation mozambique fax "[258] (1) 490114") (wfb::flag mozambique "three equal horizontal bands of green (top), black, and yellow with a red isosceles triangle based on the hoist side; the black band is edged in white; centered in the triangle is a yellow five-pointed star bearing a crossed rifle and hoe in black superimposed on an open white book") (wfb::overview mozambique "One of Africa's poorest countries, Mozambique has failed to exploit the economic potential of its sizable agricultural, hydropower, and transportation resources. Indeed, national output, consumption, and investment declined throughout the first half of the 1980s because of internal disorders, lack of government administrative control, and a growing foreign debt. A sharp increase in foreign aid, attracted by an economic reform policy, resulted in successive years of economic growth in the late 1980s, but aid has declined steadily since 1989. Agricultural output is at only 75% of its 1981 level, and grain has to be imported. Industry operates at only 20%-40% of capacity. The economy depends heavily on foreign assistance to keep afloat. Peace accords signed in October 1992 improved chances of foreign investment, aided IMF-supported economic reforms, and supported continued economic recovery. Elections held in 1994 diverted government attention from the economy, resulting in slippage and delays in the economic reform program. Nonetheless, growth in 1994 was solid and can continue into the late 1990s given continued foreign help in meeting debt obligations.") (wfb::national_product mozambique (* 1.0599999e+10 $)) (wfb::national_product_real_growth_rate mozambique (* 5.8 %)) (wfb::national_product_per_capita mozambique (* 610 $)) (wfb::|Inflation rate (consumer prices)| mozambique "50% (1994 est.)") (wfb::unemployment_rate mozambique (* 50 %)) (wfb::budget mozambique revenues (* 2.52e+8 $)) (wfb::budget mozambique expenditures (* 6.07e+8 $)) (wfb::budget mozambique capital_expenditures (* n/a $)) (wfb::exports mozambique (* 1.5e+8 $)) (wfb::exports mozambique commodities shrimp (* 40 %)) (wfb::exports mozambique commodities cashews n/a) (wfb::exports mozambique commodities cotton n/a) (wfb::exports mozambique commodities sugar-commodity n/a) (wfb::exports mozambique commodities copra n/a) (wfb::exports mozambique commodities citrus n/a) (wfb::exports mozambique partners spain n/a) (wfb::exports mozambique partners south_africa n/a) (wfb::exports mozambique partners us n/a) (wfb::exports mozambique partners portugal n/a) (wfb::exports mozambique partners japan n/a) (wfb::imports mozambique (* 1.14e+9 $)) (wfb::imports mozambique commodities food n/a) (wfb::imports mozambique commodities clothing-commodity n/a) (wfb::imports mozambique commodities farm_equipment n/a) (wfb::imports mozambique commodities petroleum-commodity n/a) (wfb::imports mozambique partners south_africa n/a) (wfb::imports mozambique partners uk n/a) (wfb::imports mozambique partners france n/a) (wfb::imports mozambique partners japan n/a) (wfb::imports mozambique partners portugal n/a) (wfb::external_debt mozambique (* 5.0e+9 $)) (wfb::industrial_production mozambique growth_rate (* 5 %)) (wfb::electricity mozambique capacity (* 2360000 kw)) (wfb::electricity mozambique production (* 1.7e+9 kwh)) (wfb::electricity mozambique consumption_per_capita (* 58 kwh)) (wfb::industry mozambique food-industry) (wfb::industry mozambique beverages-industry) (wfb::industry mozambique |chemicals (fertilizer, soap, paints)|) (wfb::industry mozambique petroleum_products-industry) (wfb::industry mozambique textiles) (wfb::industry mozambique |nonmetallic mineral products (cement, glass, asbestos)|) (wfb::industry mozambique tobacco-industry) (wfb::agriculture mozambique "accounts for 50% of GDP and about 90% of exports; cash crops - cotton, cashew nuts, sugarcane, tea, shrimp; other crops - cassava, corn, rice, tropical fruits; not self-sufficient in food") (wfb::economic_aid mozambique recipient "US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-89), $350 million; Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-89), $4.4 billion; OPEC bilateral aid (1979-89), $37 million; Communist countries (1970-89), $890 million") (wfb::currency mozambique metical 100 centavos) (wfb::exchange_rates mozambique "meticais (Mt) per US$1 - 5,220.63 (1st quarter 1994), 3,874.24 (1993), 2,550.40 (1992), 1,763.99 (1991), 1,053.09 (1990)") (wfb::fiscal_year mozambique date_1_jan date_31_dec) (wfb::railroads mozambique total "3,288 km") (wfb::railroads mozambique narrow_gauge "3,140 km 1.067-m gauge; 148 km 0.762-m gauge") (wfb::highways mozambique total (* 26498 km)) (wfb::highways mozambique paved (* 4593 km)) (wfb::highways mozambique (union gravel crushed_stone stabilized_earth) (* 829 km)) (wfb::highways mozambique unimproved_earth (* 21076 km)) (wfb::inland_waterways mozambique "about 3,750 km of navigable routes") (wfb::port mozambique beira-mozambique) (wfb::port mozambique inhambane-mozambique) (wfb::port mozambique maputo-mozambique) (wfb::port mozambique nacala-mozambique) (wfb::port mozambique pemba-mozambique) (wfb::merchant_marine mozambique total "3 cargo ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 4,533 GRT/8,024 DWT") (wfb::airports mozambique total 192) (wfb::airports mozambique |with paved runways over 3,047 m| 1) (wfb::airports mozambique |with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m| 4) (wfb::airports mozambique |with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m| 11) (wfb::airports mozambique |with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m| 5) (wfb::airports mozambique with_paved_runways_under_914_m 112) (wfb::airports mozambique |with unpaved runways 1,524 to 2,438 m| 15) (wfb::airports mozambique |with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m| 44) (wfb::telephone_system mozambique "NA telephone density; fair system of troposcatter, open-wire lines, and radio relay") (wfb::telephone_system mozambique local "NA") (wfb::telephone_system mozambique intercity "microwave radio relay and tropospheric scatter") (wfb::telephone_system mozambique international "5 INTELSAT (2 Atlantic Ocean and 3 Indian Ocean) earth stations") (wfb::radio mozambique broadcast_stations am 29) (wfb::radio mozambique broadcast_stations fm 4) (wfb::radio mozambique broadcast_stations shortwave 0) (wfb::radio mozambique radios n/a) (wfb::television mozambique broadcast_stations 1) (wfb::television mozambique televisions n/a) (wfb::defense_branch mozambique army_mozambique) (wfb::defense_branch mozambique naval_command_mozambique) (wfb::defense_branch mozambique air_and_air_defense_forces_mozambique) (wfb::defense_branch mozambique militia_mozambique) (wfb::defense_branch mozambique note_-_by_late_1994_mozambique) (wfb::defense_branch mozambique the_army_and_former_renamo_rebels_had_demobilized_mozambique) (wfb::defense_branch mozambique under_un_supervision_and_training_mozambique) (wfb::manpower_availability mozambique "males age 15-49 4,061,109; males fit for military service 2,331,793 (1995 est.)") (wfb::defense_expenditures mozambique (* 1.1e+8 $)) (wfb::defense_expenditures mozambique (* 7.3 %_of_gdp)))) (namibia ((wfb::location namibia "Southern Africa, bordering the South Atlantic Ocean, between Angola and South Africa") (wfb::map_references namibia "Africa") (wfb::area namibia total_area (* 825418 sq_km)) (wfb::area namibia land_area (* 825418 sq_km)) (wfb::area namibia comparative_area "slightly more than half the size of Alaska") (wfb::borders namibia total (* 3824 km)) (wfb::borders namibia angola (* 1376 km)) (wfb::borders namibia botswana (* 1360 km)) (wfb::borders namibia south_africa (* 855 km)) (wfb::borders namibia zambia (* 233 km)) (wfb::coastline namibia (* 1572 km)) (wfb::maritime_claims namibia contiguous_zone (* 24 nm)) (wfb::maritime_claims namibia exclusive_economic_zone (* 200 nm)) (wfb::maritime_claims namibia territorial_sea (* 12 nm)) (wfb::international_disputes namibia "short section of boundary with Botswana is indefinite") (wfb::international_disputes namibia "quadripoint with Botswana, Zambia, and Zimbabwe is in disagreement") (wfb::international_disputes namibia "dispute with Botswana over uninhabited Kasikili ( Sidudu) Island in Linyanti (Chobe) River remained unresolved in mid-February 1995 and the parties agreed to refer the matter to the International Court of Justice;") (wfb::climate namibia "desert") (wfb::climate namibia "hot, dry") (wfb::climate namibia "rainfall sparse and erratic") (wfb::terrain namibia "mostly high plateau") (wfb::terrain namibia "Namib Desert along coast") (wfb::terrain namibia "Kalahari Desert in east") (wfb::natural-resource namibia diamonds) (wfb::natural-resource namibia copper) (wfb::natural-resource namibia uranium) (wfb::natural-resource namibia gold) (wfb::natural-resource namibia lead) (wfb::natural-resource namibia tin) (wfb::natural-resource namibia lithium) (wfb::natural-resource namibia cadmium) (wfb::natural-resource namibia zinc) (wfb::natural-resource namibia salt) (wfb::natural-resource namibia vanadium) (wfb::natural-resource namibia natural_gas) (wfb::natural-resource namibia fish) (wfb::natural-resource namibia suspected_deposits_of_oil) (wfb::natural-resource namibia natural_gas) (wfb::natural-resource namibia coal) (wfb::natural-resource namibia iron_ore) (wfb::land_use namibia arable_land (* 1 %)) (wfb::land_use namibia permanent_crops (* 0 %)) (wfb::land_use namibia meadows_and_pastures (* 64 %)) (wfb::land_use namibia forest_and_woodland (* 22 %)) (wfb::land_use namibia other (* 13 %)) (wfb::irrigated_land namibia (* 40 sq_km)) (wfb::environment namibia current_issues "very limited natural fresh water resources") (wfb::environment namibia current_issues "desertification") (wfb::environment namibia natural_hazards "prolonged periods of drought") (wfb::environment namibia international_agreements "party to - Endangered Species, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection") (wfb::environment namibia international_agreements "signed, but not ratified - Biodiversity, Climate Change") (wfb::population namibia 1651545) (wfb::age_structure namibia 0-14_years (* 47 %)) (wfb::age_structure_by_sex namibia 0-14_years female 384885) (wfb::age_structure_by_sex namibia 0-14_years male 394216) (wfb::age_structure namibia 15-64_years (* 50 %)) (wfb::age_structure_by_sex namibia 15-64_years female 414283) (wfb::age_structure_by_sex namibia 15-64_years male 405938) (wfb::age_structure namibia 65_years_and_over (* 3 %)) (wfb::age_structure_by_sex namibia 65_years_and_over female 26783) (wfb::age_structure_by_sex namibia 65_years_and_over male 25440) (wfb::population_growth_rate namibia (* 3.44 %)) (wfb::birth_rate namibia (* 43.04 |births/1,000 population|)) (wfb::death_rate namibia (* 8.61 |deaths/1,000 population|)) (wfb::net_migration_rate namibia (* 0 |migrant(s)/1,000 population|)) (wfb::infant_mortality_rate namibia (* 59.8 |deaths/1,000 live births|)) (wfb::life_expectancy_at_birth namibia total_population (* 62.1 years)) (wfb::life_expectancy_at_birth namibia male (* 59.37 years)) (wfb::life_expectancy_at_birth namibia female (* 64.9 years)) (wfb::total_fertility_rate namibia (* 6.34 children_born/woman)) (wfb::nationality namibia noun "Namibian(s)") (wfb::nationality namibia adjective "Namibian") (wfb::ethnic-entity namibia black (* 86 %)) (wfb::ethnic-entity namibia white (* 6.6 %)) (wfb::ethnic-entity namibia mixed (* 7.4 %)) (wfb::language namibia english (* 7 %)) (wfb::language namibia german (* 32 %)) (wfb::language namibia |indigenous languages: Oshivambo| n/a) (wfb::language namibia herero n/a) (wfb::language namibia nama n/a) (wfb::literacy-condition namibia "age 15 and over can read and write") (wfb::literacy namibia total_population (* 38 %)) (wfb::literacy namibia male (* 45 %)) (wfb::literacy namibia female (* 31 %)) (wfb::total_labor_force namibia 500000) (wfb::labor_force_by_occupation namibia agriculture (* 60 %)) (wfb::labor_force_by_occupation namibia industry_and_commerce (* 19 %)) (wfb::labor_force_by_occupation namibia services (* 8 %)) (wfb::labor_force_by_occupation namibia government (* 7 %)) (wfb::labor_force_by_occupation namibia mining-occupation-type (* 6 %)) (wfb::names namibia conventional_long_form "Republic of Namibia") (wfb::names namibia conventional_short_form "Namibia") (wfb::digraph namibia "WA") (type namibia "republic") (wfb::capital namibia windhoek-namibia) (wfb::administrative_divisions namibia adm_div_namibia_districts 13) (wfb::administrative_division_of namibia adm_div_namibia_districts "Erongo") (wfb::administrative_division_of namibia adm_div_namibia_districts "Hardap") (wfb::administrative_division_of namibia adm_div_namibia_districts "Karas") (wfb::administrative_division_of namibia adm_div_namibia_districts "Khomas") (wfb::administrative_division_of namibia adm_div_namibia_districts "Kunene") (wfb::administrative_division_of namibia adm_div_namibia_districts "Caprivi (Liambezi)") (wfb::administrative_division_of namibia adm_div_namibia_districts "Ohangwena") (wfb::administrative_division_of namibia adm_div_namibia_districts "Okavango") (wfb::administrative_division_of namibia adm_div_namibia_districts "Omaheke") (wfb::administrative_division_of namibia adm_div_namibia_districts "Omusati") (wfb::administrative_division_of namibia adm_div_namibia_districts "Oshana") (wfb::administrative_division_of namibia adm_div_namibia_districts "Oshikoto") (wfb::administrative_division_of namibia adm_div_namibia_districts "Otjozondjupa") (wfb::independence namibia date_21_mar_1990 "South African mandate") (wfb::national_holiday namibia "Independence Day" date_21_mar) (wfb::constitution namibia "ratified 9 February 1990; effective 12 March 1990") (wfb::legal_system namibia "based on Roman-Dutch law and 1990 constitution") (wfb::suffrage namibia (* 18 years_of_age)) (wfb::executive_branch namibia chief_of_state "President Sam NUJOMA " date_21_mar_1990) (wfb::executive_branch namibia head_of_government "President Sam NUJOMA " date_21_mar_1990) (wfb::executive_branch namibia cabinet "Cabinet") (wfb::legislative_structure namibia bicameral "legislature") (wfb::legislative_branch namibia "National Council" "elections last held 30 November-3 December 1992 (next to be held by December 1998); results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (26 total) SWAPO 19, DTA 6, UDF 1") (wfb::legislative_branch namibia "National Assembly" "elections last held 7-8 December 1994 (next to be held NA); results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (72 total) SWAPO 53, DTA 15, UDF 2, MAG 1, DCN 1") (wfb::judicial_branch namibia "Supreme Court") (wfb::political_parties_and_leaders namibia "South West Africa People's Organization (SWAPO), Sam NUJOMA; DTA of Namibia (formerly Democratic Turnhalle Alliance) (DTA), Mishake MUYONGO; United Democratic Front (UDF), Justus GAROEB; Federal Convention of Namibia (FCN), Kephics CONRUDIE; Monitor Action Group (MAG), Kosie PRETORIUS; Workers Revolutionary Party (WRP); Southwest African National Union (SWANU), Hitjevi VEII; Democratic Coalition of Namibia (DCN), Moses KATJIUONGA") (wfb::other_political_or_pressure_groups namibia "NA") (wfb::member_of namibia acp) (wfb::member_of namibia afdb) (wfb::member_of namibia c) (wfb::member_of namibia ccc) (wfb::member_of namibia eca) (wfb::member_of namibia fao) (wfb::member_of namibia fls) (wfb::member_of namibia g-77) (wfb::member_of namibia gatt) (wfb::member_of namibia iaea) (wfb::member_of namibia ibrd) (wfb::member_of namibia icao) (wfb::member_of namibia icrm) (wfb::member_of namibia ifad) (wfb::member_of namibia ifc) (wfb::member_of namibia ifrcs) (wfb::member_of namibia ilo) (wfb::member_of namibia imf) (wfb::member_of namibia intelsat) (wfb::member_of namibia interpol) (wfb::member_of namibia ioc) (wfb::member_of namibia iom) (wfb::member_of namibia itu) (wfb::member_of namibia nam) (wfb::member_of namibia oau) (wfb::member_of namibia sacu) (wfb::member_of namibia sadc) (wfb::member_of namibia un) (wfb::member_of namibia unctad) (wfb::member_of namibia unesco) (wfb::member_of namibia unhcr) (wfb::member_of namibia unido) (wfb::member_of namibia upu) (wfb::member_of namibia wcl) (wfb::member_of namibia who) (wfb::member_of namibia wipo) (wfb::member_of namibia wmo) (wfb::diplomatic_representation_in_us namibia chief_of_mission "Ambassador Tuliameni KALOMOH") (wfb::diplomatic_representation_in_us namibia chancery "1605 New Hampshire Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20009") (wfb::diplomatic_representation_in_us namibia telephone "[1] (202) 986-0540") (wfb::diplomatic_representation_in_us namibia fax "[1] (202) 986-0443") (wfb::us_diplomatic_representation namibia chief_of_mission "Ambassador Marshall F. McCALLIE") (wfb::us_diplomatic_representation namibia embassy "Ausplan Building, 14 Lossen St., Windhoek") (wfb::us_diplomatic_representation namibia mailing_address "Private Bag 12029 Ausspannplatz, Windhoek") (wfb::us_diplomatic_representation namibia telephone "[264] (61) 221601") (wfb::us_diplomatic_representation namibia fax "[264] (61) 229792") (wfb::flag namibia "a large blue triangle with a yellow sunburst fills the upper left section, and an equal green triangle (solid) fills the lower right section; the triangles are separated by a red stripe that is contrasted by two narrow white-edge borders") (wfb::overview namibia "The economy is heavily dependent on the mining industry to extract and process minerals for export. Mining accounts for almost 25% of GDP. Namibia is the fourth-largest exporter of nonfuel minerals in Africa and the world's fifth-largest producer of uranium. Alluvial diamond deposits are among the richest in the world, making Namibia a primary source for gem-quality diamonds. Namibia also produces large quantities of lead, zinc, tin, silver, and tungsten. More than half the population depends on agriculture (largely subsistence agriculture) for its livelihood. Namibia must import some of its food.") (wfb::national_product namibia (* 5.8e+9 $)) (wfb::national_product_real_growth_rate namibia (* 5.8 %)) (wfb::national_product_per_capita namibia (* 3600 $)) (wfb::|Inflation rate (consumer prices)| namibia "11% (1994)") (wfb::budget namibia revenues (* 9.41e+8 $)) (wfb::budget namibia expenditures (* 1.05e+9 $)) (wfb::budget namibia capital_expenditures (* 1.57e+8 $)) (wfb::exports namibia (* 1.3e+9 $)) (wfb::exports namibia commodities diamonds-commodity n/a) (wfb::exports namibia commodities copper-commodity n/a) (wfb::exports namibia commodities gold-commodity n/a) (wfb::exports namibia commodities zinc-commodity n/a) (wfb::exports namibia commodities lead-commodity n/a) (wfb::exports namibia commodities uranium-commodity n/a) (wfb::exports namibia commodities cattle n/a) (wfb::exports namibia commodities processed_fish n/a) (wfb::exports namibia commodities karakul_skins n/a) (wfb::exports namibia partners switzerland n/a) (wfb::exports namibia partners south_africa n/a) (wfb::exports namibia partners germany n/a) (wfb::exports namibia partners japan n/a) (wfb::imports namibia (* 1.1e+9 $)) (wfb::imports namibia commodities foodstuffs n/a) (wfb::imports namibia commodities petroleum_products_and_fuel n/a) (wfb::imports namibia commodities machinery_and_equipment n/a) (wfb::imports namibia partners south_africa n/a) (wfb::imports namibia partners germany n/a) (wfb::imports namibia partners us n/a) (wfb::imports namibia partners switzerland n/a) (wfb::industrial_production namibia growth_rate (* -14 %)) (wfb::industrial_production namibia accounts_for (* 30 %_of_gdp)) (wfb::electricity namibia capacity (* 406000 kw)) (wfb::electricity namibia production (* 1.29e+9 kwh)) (wfb::electricity namibia consumption_per_capita (* 658 kwh)) (wfb::industry namibia meat_packing) (wfb::industry namibia fish_processing) (wfb::industry namibia dairy_products-industry) (wfb::industry namibia |mining (copper, lead, zinc, diamond, uranium)|) (wfb::agriculture namibia "accounts for 10% of GDP; livestock raising major source of cash income; crops - millet, sorghum, peanuts; fish catch potential of over 1 million metric tons not being fulfilled") (wfb::economic_aid namibia recipient "Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-87), $47.2 million") (wfb::currency namibia south_african_rand 100 cents) (wfb::exchange_rates namibia "South African rand (R) per US$1 - 3.539 (January 1995), 3.5489 (1994), 3.2678 (1993), 2.8497 (1992), 2.7653 (1991), 2.5863 (1990)") (wfb::fiscal_year namibia date_1_apr date_31_mar) (wfb::railroads namibia total "2,341 km (single track)") (wfb::railroads namibia narrow_gauge "2,341 km 1.067-m gauge") (wfb::highways namibia total (* 54500 km)) (wfb::highways namibia paved (* 4080 km)) (wfb::highways namibia gravel (* 2540 km)) (wfb::highways namibia earth (* 47880 km)) (wfb::port namibia luderitz-namibia) (wfb::port namibia walvis_bay-namibia) (wfb::merchant_marine namibia "none") (wfb::airports namibia total 135) (wfb::airports namibia |with paved runways over 3,047 m| 2) (wfb::airports namibia |with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m| 2) (wfb::airports namibia |with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m| 14) (wfb::airports namibia |with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m| 3) (wfb::airports namibia with_paved_runways_under_914_m 20) (wfb::airports namibia |with unpaved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m| 1) (wfb::airports namibia |with unpaved runways 1,524 to 2,438 m| 23) (wfb::airports namibia |with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m| 70) (wfb::telephone_system namibia "62,800 telephones; telephone density - 38/1,000 persons") (wfb::telephone_system namibia local "good urban services") (wfb::telephone_system namibia intercity "fair rural service; microwave radio relay links major towns; connections to other populated places are by open wire") (wfb::telephone_system namibia international "NA") (wfb::radio namibia broadcast_stations am 4) (wfb::radio namibia broadcast_stations fm 40) (wfb::radio namibia broadcast_stations shortwave 0) (wfb::radio namibia radios n/a) (wfb::television namibia broadcast_stations 3) (wfb::television namibia televisions n/a) (wfb::defense_branch namibia national_defense_force_namibia) (wfb::defense_branch namibia police_namibia) (wfb::manpower_availability namibia "males age 15-49 348,380; males fit for military service 206,684 (1995 est.)") (wfb::defense_expenditures namibia (* 5.4e+7 $)) (wfb::defense_expenditures namibia (* 2 %_of_gdp)))) (niger ((wfb::location niger "Western Africa, southeast of Algeria") (wfb::map_references niger "Africa") (wfb::area niger total_area (* 1267000.0 sq_km)) (wfb::area niger land_area (* 1266700 sq_km)) (wfb::area niger comparative_area "slightly less than twice the size of Texas") (wfb::borders niger total (* 5697 km)) (wfb::borders niger algeria (* 956 km)) (wfb::borders niger benin (* 266 km)) (wfb::borders niger burkina (* 628 km)) (wfb::borders niger chad (* 1175 km)) (wfb::borders niger libya (* 354 km)) (wfb::borders niger mali (* 821 km)) (wfb::borders niger nigeria (* 1497 km)) (wfb::coastline niger (* 0 km)) (wfb::maritime_claims niger "none; landlocked") (wfb::international_disputes niger "Libya claims about 19,400 sq km in northern Niger") (wfb::international_disputes niger "demarcation of international boundaries in Lake Chad, the lack of which has led to border incidents in the past, is completed and awaiting ratification by Cameroon, Chad, Niger, and Nigeria") (wfb::international_disputes niger "Burkina and Mali are proceeding with boundary demarcation, including the tripoint with Niger") (wfb::climate niger "desert") (wfb::climate niger "mostly hot, dry, dusty") (wfb::climate niger "tropical in extreme south") (wfb::terrain niger "predominately desert plains and sand dunes") (wfb::terrain niger "flat to rolling plains in south") (wfb::terrain niger "hills in north") (wfb::natural-resource niger uranium) (wfb::natural-resource niger coal) (wfb::natural-resource niger iron_ore) (wfb::natural-resource niger tin) (wfb::natural-resource niger phosphates) (wfb::land_use niger arable_land (* 3 %)) (wfb::land_use niger permanent_crops (* 0 %)) (wfb::land_use niger meadows_and_pastures (* 7 %)) (wfb::land_use niger forest_and_woodland (* 2 %)) (wfb::land_use niger other (* 88 %)) (wfb::irrigated_land niger (* 320 sq_km)) (wfb::environment niger current_issues "overgrazing") (wfb::environment niger current_issues "soil erosion") (wfb::environment niger current_issues "deforestation") (wfb::environment niger current_issues "desertification") (wfb::environment niger current_issues "wildlife populations (such as elephant, hippopotamus, and lion) threatened because of poaching and habitat destruction") (wfb::environment niger natural_hazards "recurring droughts") (wfb::environment niger international_agreements "party to - Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands") (wfb::environment niger international_agreements "signed, but not ratified - Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Law of the Sea") (wfb::note niger "landlocked") (wfb::population niger 9280208) (wfb::age_structure niger 0-14_years (* 49 %)) (wfb::age_structure_by_sex niger 0-14_years female 2275338) (wfb::age_structure_by_sex niger 0-14_years male 2275999) (wfb::age_structure niger 15-64_years (* 49 %)) (wfb::age_structure_by_sex niger 15-64_years female 2314857) (wfb::age_structure_by_sex niger 15-64_years male 2188938) (wfb::age_structure niger 65_years_and_over (* 2 %)) (wfb::age_structure_by_sex niger 65_years_and_over female 107432) (wfb::age_structure_by_sex niger 65_years_and_over male 117644) (wfb::population_growth_rate niger (* 3.4 %)) (wfb::birth_rate niger (* 54.8 |births/1,000 population|)) (wfb::death_rate niger (* 20.8 |deaths/1,000 population|)) (wfb::net_migration_rate niger (* 0 |migrant(s)/1,000 population|)) (wfb::infant_mortality_rate niger (* 109.3 |deaths/1,000 live births|)) (wfb::life_expectancy_at_birth niger total_population (* 45.07 years)) (wfb::life_expectancy_at_birth niger male (* 43.42 years)) (wfb::life_expectancy_at_birth niger female (* 46.77 years)) (wfb::total_fertility_rate niger (* 7.35 children_born/woman)) (wfb::nationality niger noun "Nigerien(s)") (wfb::nationality niger adjective "Nigerien") (wfb::ethnic-entity niger hausa (* 56 %)) (wfb::ethnic-entity niger djerma (* 22 %)) (wfb::ethnic-entity niger fula-ethnic-entity (* 8.5 %)) (wfb::ethnic-entity niger tuareg (* 8 %)) (wfb::ethnic-entity niger |Beri Beri (Kanouri)| (* 4.3 %)) (wfb::ethnic-entity niger union17 (* 1.2 %)) (wfb::religion niger muslim (* 80 %)) (wfb::religion niger remainder_indigenous_beliefs_and_christians n/a) (wfb::language niger french n/a) (wfb::language niger hausa-language-group n/a) (wfb::language niger djerma-language-group n/a) (wfb::literacy-condition niger "age 15 and over can read and write") (wfb::literacy niger total_population (* 11 %)) (wfb::literacy niger male (* 17 %)) (wfb::literacy niger female (* 5 %)) (wfb::labor_force_by_occupation niger agriculture (* 90 %)) (wfb::labor_force_by_occupation niger industry_and_commerce (* 6 %)) (wfb::labor_force_by_occupation niger government (* 4 %)) (wfb::names niger conventional_long_form "Republic of Niger") (wfb::names niger conventional_short_form "Niger") (wfb::names niger local_long_form "Republique du Niger") (wfb::names niger local_short_form "Niger") (wfb::digraph niger "NG") (type niger "republic") (wfb::capital niger niamey-niger) (wfb::administrative_divisions niger adm_div_niger_departments 7) (wfb::administrative_division_of niger adm_div_niger_departments "Agadez") (wfb::administrative_division_of niger adm_div_niger_departments "Diffa") (wfb::administrative_division_of niger adm_div_niger_departments "Dosso") (wfb::administrative_division_of niger adm_div_niger_departments "Maradi") (wfb::administrative_division_of niger adm_div_niger_departments "Niamey") (wfb::administrative_division_of niger adm_div_niger_departments "Tahoua") (wfb::administrative_division_of niger adm_div_niger_departments "Zinder") (wfb::independence niger date_3_aug_1960 "France") (wfb::national_holiday niger "Republic Day" date_18_dec) (wfb::constitution niger "approved by national referendum 16 December 1992; promulgated January 1993") (wfb::legal_system niger "based on French civil law system and customary law; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction") (wfb::suffrage niger (* 18 years_of_age)) (wfb::executive_branch niger chief_of_state "President Mahamane OUSMANE " date_16_apr_1993) (wfb::executive_branch niger head_of_government "Prime Minister Hama AMADOU " date_21_feb_1995) (wfb::executive_branch niger cabinet "Cabinet") (wfb::legislative_structure niger unicameral n/a) (wfb::legislative_branch niger "National Assembly" "elected by proportional representation for 5 year terms; elections last held 12 January 1995 (next to be held NA); results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (83 total) MNSD-NASSARA 29, CDS 24, PNDS 12, ANDP-Z 9, UDFP 3, UDPS 2, PADN 2, PPN-RDA 1, UPDP 1") (wfb::judicial_branch niger "State Court (Cour d'Etat), Court of Appeal (Cour d'Apel)") (wfb::political_parties_and_leaders niger "National Movement of the Development Society (MNSD-NASSARA), Mamadou TANDJA, chairman; Democratic and Social Convention (CDS), Jacoub SANOUSSI; Nigerien Party for Democracy and Socialism (PNDS), Mahamadou ISSOUFOU; Nigerien Alliance for Democracy and Progress-Zamanlahia (ANDP-Z), Moumouni Adamou DJERMAKOYE; Union of Popular Forces for Democracy and Progress-Sawaba (UDFP), Djibo BAKARY, chairman; Union for Democracy and Social Progress (UDPS), Akoli DAOUEL; Niger Social Democrat Party (PADN), Malam Adji WAZIRI; Niger Progressive Party-African Democratic Rally (PPN-RDA), Dori ABDOULAI, chairman; Union of Patriots, Democrats, and Progressives (UPDP), Professor Andre SALIFOU, chairman") (wfb::member_of niger acct) (wfb::member_of niger acp) (wfb::member_of niger afdb) (wfb::member_of niger ccc) (wfb::member_of niger ceao) (wfb::member_of niger eca) (wfb::member_of niger ecowas) (wfb::member_of niger entente) (wfb::member_of niger fao) (wfb::member_of niger fz) (wfb::member_of niger g-77) (wfb::member_of niger gatt) (wfb::member_of niger iaea) (wfb::member_of niger ibrd) (wfb::member_of niger icao) (wfb::member_of niger icrm) (wfb::member_of niger ida) (wfb::member_of niger idb) (wfb::member_of niger ifad) (wfb::member_of niger ifc) (wfb::member_of niger ifrcs) (wfb::member_of niger ilo) (wfb::member_of niger imf) (wfb::member_of niger intelsat) (wfb::member_of niger interpol) (wfb::member_of niger ioc) (wfb::member_of niger itu) (wfb::member_of niger nam) (wfb::member_of niger oau) (wfb::member_of niger oic) (wfb::member_of niger un) (wfb::member_of niger unctad) (wfb::member_of niger unesco) (wfb::member_of niger unido) (wfb::member_of niger upu) (wfb::member_of niger wadb) (wfb::member_of niger wcl) (wfb::member_of niger wftu) (wfb::member_of niger who) (wfb::member_of niger wipo) (wfb::member_of niger wmo) (wfb::member_of niger wto) (wfb::diplomatic_representation_in_us niger chief_of_mission "Ambassador Adamou SEYDOU") (wfb::diplomatic_representation_in_us niger chancery "2204 R Street NW, Washington, DC 20008") (wfb::diplomatic_representation_in_us niger telephone "[1] (202) 483-4224 through 4227") (wfb::us_diplomatic_representation niger chief_of_mission "Ambassador John S. DAVISON") (wfb::us_diplomatic_representation niger embassy "Rue Des Ambassades, Niamey") (wfb::us_diplomatic_representation niger mailing_address "B. P. 11201, Niamey") (wfb::us_diplomatic_representation niger telephone "[227] 72 26 61 through 72 26 64") (wfb::us_diplomatic_representation niger fax "[227] 73 31 67") (wfb::flag niger "three equal horizontal bands of orange (top), white, and green with a small orange disk (representing the sun) centered in the white band; similar to the flag of India, which has a blue spoked wheel centered in the white band") (wfb::overview niger "Niger is one of the world's poorest countries, with GDP growth lagging behind the rapid growth of population. The economy is centered on subsistence agriculture, animal husbandry, and reexport trade, and increasingly less on uranium, its major export throughout the 1970s and 1980s. Uranium revenues dropped by almost 50% between 1983 and 1990 with the end of the uranium boom. Terms of trade with Nigeria, Niger's largest regional trade partner, have improved dramatically since the 50% devaluation of the African franc in January 1994; this devaluation boosted exports of livestock, peas, onions, and the products of Niger's small cotton industry. The government relies on bilateral and multilateral aid for operating expenses and public investment and is strongly induced to adhere to structural adjustment programs designed by the IMF and the World Bank.") (wfb::national_product niger (* 4.6e+9 $)) (wfb::national_product_real_growth_rate niger (* 1.4 %)) (wfb::national_product_per_capita niger (* 550 $)) (wfb::|Inflation rate (consumer prices)| niger "NA%") (wfb::unemployment_rate niger (* n/a %)) (wfb::budget niger revenues (* 1.88e+8 $)) (wfb::budget niger expenditures (* 4.0e+8 $)) (wfb::budget niger capital_expenditures (* 1.25e+8 $)) (wfb::exports niger (* 2.46e+8 $)) (wfb::exports niger commodities uranium_ore (* 67 %)) (wfb::exports niger commodities livestock_products (* 20 %)) (wfb::exports niger commodities cowpeas n/a) (wfb::exports niger commodities onions n/a) (wfb::exports niger partners france (* 77 %)) (wfb::exports niger partners nigeria (* 8 %)) (wfb::exports niger partners |Cote d'Ivoire| n/a) (wfb::exports niger partners italy n/a) (wfb::imports niger (* 2.86e+8 $)) (wfb::imports niger commodities consumer_goods n/a) (wfb::imports niger commodities primary_materials n/a) (wfb::imports niger commodities machinery n/a) (wfb::imports niger commodities vehicles_and_parts n/a) (wfb::imports niger commodities petroleum-commodity n/a) (wfb::imports niger commodities cereals n/a) (wfb::imports niger partners france (* 23 %)) (wfb::imports niger partners |Cote d'Ivoire| n/a) (wfb::imports niger partners germany n/a) (wfb::imports niger partners italy n/a) (wfb::imports niger partners japan n/a) (wfb::external_debt niger (* 1.2e+9 $)) (wfb::industrial_production niger growth_rate (* -2.7 %)) (wfb::industrial_production niger accounts_for (* 15 %_of_gdp)) (wfb::electricity niger capacity (* 60000 kw)) (wfb::electricity niger production (* 2.0e+8 kwh)) (wfb::electricity niger consumption_per_capita (* 42 kwh)) (wfb::industry niger cement) (wfb::industry niger brick) (wfb::industry niger textiles) (wfb::industry niger food_processing) (wfb::industry niger chemicals) (wfb::industry niger slaughterhouses) (wfb::industry niger a_few_other_small_light_industries) (wfb::industry niger uranium_mining_began_in_1971) (wfb::agriculture niger "accounts for roughly 40% of GDP and 90% of labor force; cash crops - cowpeas, cotton, peanuts; food crops - millet, sorghum, cassava, rice; livestock - cattle, sheep, goats; self-sufficient in food except in drought years") (wfb::economic_aid niger recipient "US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-89), $380 million; Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-89), $3.165 billion; OPEC bilateral aid (1979-89), $504 million; Communist countries (1970-89), $61 million") (wfb::currency niger cfa_franc 100 centimes) (wfb::exchange_rates niger "Communaute Financiere Africaine francs (CFAF) per US$1 - 529.43 (January 1995), 555.20 (1994), 283.16 (1993), 264.69 (1992), 282.11 (1991), 272.26 (1990)") (wfb::fiscal_year niger date_1_oct date_30_sep) (wfb::railroads niger "0 km") (wfb::highways niger total (* 39970 km)) (wfb::highways niger bituminous (* 3170 km)) (wfb::highways niger (union gravel laterite) (* 10330 km)) (wfb::highways niger earth (* 3470 km)) (wfb::highways niger tracks (* 23000 km)) (wfb::inland_waterways niger "Niger River is navigable 300 km from Niamey to Gaya on the Benin frontier from mid-December through March") (wfb::airports niger total 29) (wfb::airports niger |with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m| 2) (wfb::airports niger |with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m| 6) (wfb::airports niger |with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m| 1) (wfb::airports niger with_paved_runways_under_914_m 3) (wfb::airports niger |with unpaved runways 1,524 to 2,438 m| 1) (wfb::airports niger |with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m| 16) (wfb::telephone_system niger "14,260 telephones; small system of wire, radiocommunications, and radio relay links concentrated in southwestern area") (wfb::telephone_system niger local "NA") (wfb::telephone_system niger intercity "wire, radiocommunications, and radio relay; 3 domestic satellite links, with 1 planned") (wfb::telephone_system niger international "2 INTELSAT (1 Atlantic Ocean and 1 Indian Ocean) earth stations") (wfb::radio niger broadcast_stations am 15) (wfb::radio niger broadcast_stations fm 5) (wfb::radio niger broadcast_stations shortwave 0) (wfb::radio niger radios n/a) (wfb::television niger broadcast_stations 18) (wfb::television niger televisions n/a) (wfb::defense_branch niger army_niger) (wfb::defense_branch niger air_force_niger) (wfb::defense_branch niger national_gendarmerie_niger) (wfb::defense_branch niger republican_guard_niger) (wfb::defense_branch niger national_police_niger) (wfb::manpower_availability niger "males age 15-49 1,908,767; males fit for military service 1,029,384; males reach military age (18) annually 94,506 (1995 est.)") (wfb::defense_expenditures niger (* 3.2e+7 $)) (wfb::defense_expenditures niger (* 1.3 %_of_gdp)))) (nigeria ((wfb::location nigeria "Western Africa, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean, between Benin and Cameroon") (wfb::map_references nigeria "Africa") (wfb::area nigeria total_area (* 923770 sq_km)) (wfb::area nigeria land_area (* 910770 sq_km)) (wfb::area nigeria comparative_area "slightly more than twice the size of California") (wfb::borders nigeria total (* 4047 km)) (wfb::borders nigeria benin (* 773 km)) (wfb::borders nigeria cameroon (* 1690 km)) (wfb::borders nigeria chad (* 87 km)) (wfb::borders nigeria niger (* 1497 km)) (wfb::coastline nigeria (* 853 km)) (wfb::maritime_claims nigeria exclusive_economic_zone (* 200 nm)) (wfb::maritime_claims nigeria territorial_sea (* 30 nm)) (wfb::international_disputes nigeria "demarcation of international boundaries in Lake Chad, the lack of which led to border incidents in the past, is completed and awaits ratification by Cameroon, Chad, Niger, and Nigeria") (wfb::international_disputes nigeria "dispute with Cameroon over land and maritime boundaries in the vicinity of the Bakasi Peninsula has been referred to the International Court of Justice") (wfb::climate nigeria "varies") (wfb::climate nigeria "equatorial in south, tropical in center, arid in north") (wfb::terrain nigeria "southern lowlands merge into central hills and plateaus") (wfb::terrain nigeria "mountains in southeast, plains in north") (wfb::natural-resource nigeria petroleum) (wfb::natural-resource nigeria tin) (wfb::natural-resource nigeria columbite) (wfb::natural-resource nigeria iron_ore) (wfb::natural-resource nigeria coal) (wfb::natural-resource nigeria limestone) (wfb::natural-resource nigeria lead) (wfb::natural-resource nigeria zinc) (wfb::natural-resource nigeria natural_gas) (wfb::land_use nigeria arable_land (* 31 %)) (wfb::land_use nigeria permanent_crops (* 3 %)) (wfb::land_use nigeria meadows_and_pastures (* 23 %)) (wfb::land_use nigeria forest_and_woodland (* 15 %)) (wfb::land_use nigeria other (* 28 %)) (wfb::irrigated_land nigeria (* 8650 sq_km)) (wfb::environment nigeria current_issues "soil degradation") (wfb::environment nigeria current_issues "rapid deforestation") (wfb::environment nigeria current_issues "desertification") (wfb::environment nigeria current_issues "recent droughts in north severely affecting marginal agricultural activities") (wfb::environment nigeria natural_hazards "periodic droughts") (wfb::environment nigeria international_agreements "party to - Biodiversity, Climate Change, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection") (wfb::population nigeria 101232251) (wfb::age_structure nigeria 0-14_years (* 45 %)) (wfb::age_structure_by_sex nigeria 0-14_years female 22643026) (wfb::age_structure_by_sex nigeria 0-14_years male 22850322) (wfb::age_structure nigeria 15-64_years (* 52 %)) (wfb::age_structure_by_sex nigeria 15-64_years female 25842286) (wfb::age_structure_by_sex nigeria 15-64_years male 26978906) (wfb::age_structure nigeria 65_years_and_over (* 3 %)) (wfb::age_structure_by_sex nigeria 65_years_and_over female 1438392) (wfb::age_structure_by_sex nigeria 65_years_and_over male 1479319) (wfb::population_growth_rate nigeria (* 3.16 %)) (wfb::birth_rate nigeria (* 43.26 |births/1,000 population|)) (wfb::death_rate nigeria (* 12.01 |deaths/1,000 population|)) (wfb::net_migration_rate nigeria (* 0.35 |migrant(s)/1,000 population|)) (wfb::infant_mortality_rate nigeria (* 72.6 |deaths/1,000 live births|)) (wfb::life_expectancy_at_birth nigeria total_population (* 55.98 years)) (wfb::life_expectancy_at_birth nigeria male (* 54.69 years)) (wfb::life_expectancy_at_birth nigeria female (* 57.3 years)) (wfb::total_fertility_rate nigeria (* 6.31 children_born/woman)) (wfb::nationality nigeria noun "Nigerian(s)") (wfb::nationality nigeria adjective "Nigerian") (wfb::religion nigeria muslim (* 50 %)) (wfb::religion nigeria christian (* 40 %)) (wfb::religion nigeria indigenous_beliefs (* 10 %)) (wfb::language nigeria english n/a) (wfb::language nigeria hausa-language-group n/a) (wfb::language nigeria yoruba n/a) (wfb::language nigeria ibo n/a) (wfb::language nigeria fulani-language-group n/a) (wfb::literacy-condition nigeria "age 15 and over can read and write") (wfb::literacy nigeria total_population (* 51 %)) (wfb::literacy nigeria male (* 62 %)) (wfb::literacy nigeria female (* 40 %)) (wfb::total_labor_force nigeria 4.2844e+7) (wfb::labor_force_by_occupation nigeria agriculture (* 54 %)) (wfb::labor_force_by_occupation nigeria industry n/a) (wfb::labor_force_by_occupation nigeria commerce n/a) (wfb::labor_force_by_occupation nigeria services (* 19 %)) (wfb::labor_force_by_occupation nigeria government (* 15 %)) (wfb::names nigeria conventional_long_form "Federal Republic of Nigeria") (wfb::names nigeria conventional_short_form "Nigeria") (wfb::digraph nigeria "NI") (type nigeria "military government since 31 December 1983; plans to institute a constitutional conference to prepare for a new transition to civilian rule after plans for a transition in 1993 were negated by General BABANGIDA") (wfb::capital nigeria abuja-nigeria) (wfb::administrative_divisions nigeria adm_div_nigeria_states 30) (wfb::administrative_divisions nigeria adm_div_nigeria_territory 1) (wfb::administrative_division_of nigeria adm_div_nigeria_states "Abia") (wfb::administrative_division_of nigeria adm_div_nigeria_territory "Abuja Capital Territory") (wfb::administrative_division_of nigeria adm_div_nigeria_states "Adamawa") (wfb::administrative_division_of nigeria adm_div_nigeria_states "Akwa Ibom") (wfb::administrative_division_of nigeria adm_div_nigeria_states "Anambra") (wfb::administrative_division_of nigeria adm_div_nigeria_states "Bauchi") (wfb::administrative_division_of nigeria adm_div_nigeria_states "Benue") (wfb::administrative_division_of nigeria adm_div_nigeria_states "Borno") (wfb::administrative_division_of nigeria adm_div_nigeria_states "Cross River") (wfb::administrative_division_of nigeria adm_div_nigeria_states "Delta") (wfb::administrative_division_of nigeria adm_div_nigeria_states "Edo") (wfb::administrative_division_of nigeria adm_div_nigeria_states "Enugu") (wfb::administrative_division_of nigeria adm_div_nigeria_states "Imo") (wfb::administrative_division_of nigeria adm_div_nigeria_states "Jigawa") (wfb::administrative_division_of nigeria adm_div_nigeria_states "Kaduna") (wfb::administrative_division_of nigeria adm_div_nigeria_states "Kano") (wfb::administrative_division_of nigeria adm_div_nigeria_states "Katsina") (wfb::administrative_division_of nigeria adm_div_nigeria_states "Kebbi") (wfb::administrative_division_of nigeria adm_div_nigeria_states "Kogi") (wfb::administrative_division_of nigeria adm_div_nigeria_states "Kwara") (wfb::administrative_division_of nigeria adm_div_nigeria_states "Lagos") (wfb::administrative_division_of nigeria adm_div_nigeria_states "Niger") (wfb::administrative_division_of nigeria adm_div_nigeria_states "Ogun") (wfb::administrative_division_of nigeria adm_div_nigeria_states "Ondo") (wfb::administrative_division_of nigeria adm_div_nigeria_states "Osun") (wfb::administrative_division_of nigeria adm_div_nigeria_states "Oyo") (wfb::administrative_division_of nigeria adm_div_nigeria_states "Plateau") (wfb::administrative_division_of nigeria adm_div_nigeria_states "Rivers") (wfb::administrative_division_of nigeria adm_div_nigeria_states "Sokoto") (wfb::administrative_division_of nigeria adm_div_nigeria_states "Taraba") (wfb::administrative_division_of nigeria adm_div_nigeria_states "Yobe") (wfb::independence nigeria date_1_oct_1960 "UK") (wfb::national_holiday nigeria "Independence Day" date_1_oct) (wfb::constitution nigeria "1979 constitution still in force; plan for 1989 constitution to take effect in 1993 was not implemented") (wfb::legal_system nigeria "based on English common law, Islamic law, and tribal law") (wfb::suffrage nigeria (* 21 years_of_age)) (wfb::executive_branch nigeria chief_of_state "Chairman of the Provisional Ruling Council and Commander in Chief of Armed Forces and Defense Minister Gen. Sani ABACHA " date_17_nov_1993) (wfb::executive_branch nigeria head_of_government "Chairman of the Provisional Ruling Council and Commander in Chief of Armed Forces and Defense Minister Gen. Sani ABACHA " date_17_nov_1993) (wfb::executive_branch nigeria cabinet "Federal Executive Council") (wfb::legislative_structure nigeria bicameral "National Assembly") (wfb::legislative_branch nigeria "Senate" "suspended after coup of 17 November 1993") (wfb::legislative_branch nigeria "House of Representatives" "suspended after coup of 17 November 1993") (wfb::judicial_branch nigeria "Supreme Court, Federal Court of Appeal") (wfb::member_of nigeria acp) (wfb::member_of nigeria afdb) (wfb::member_of nigeria c) (wfb::member_of nigeria ccc) (wfb::member_of nigeria eca) (wfb::member_of nigeria ecowas) (wfb::member_of nigeria fao) (wfb::member_of nigeria g-15) (wfb::member_of nigeria g-19) (wfb::member_of nigeria g-24) (wfb::member_of nigeria g-77) (wfb::member_of nigeria gatt) (wfb::member_of nigeria iaea) (wfb::member_of nigeria ibrd) (wfb::member_of nigeria icao) (wfb::member_of nigeria icc) (wfb::member_of nigeria icrm) (wfb::member_of nigeria ida) (wfb::member_of nigeria ifad) (wfb::member_of nigeria ifc) (wfb::member_of nigeria ifrcs) (wfb::member_of nigeria ilo) (wfb::member_of nigeria imf) (wfb::member_of nigeria imo) (wfb::member_of nigeria inmarsat) (wfb::member_of nigeria intelsat) (wfb::member_of nigeria interpol) (wfb::member_of nigeria ioc) (wfb::member_of nigeria itu) (wfb::member_of nigeria minurso) (wfb::member_of nigeria nam) (wfb::member_of nigeria oau) (wfb::member_of nigeria opec) (wfb::member_of nigeria pca) (wfb::member_of nigeria un) (wfb::member_of nigeria unamir) (wfb::member_of nigeria unavem_ii) (wfb::member_of nigeria unctad) (wfb::member_of nigeria unesco) (wfb::member_of nigeria unhcr) (wfb::member_of nigeria unido) (wfb::member_of nigeria unikom) (wfb::member_of nigeria unprofor) (wfb::member_of nigeria unu) (wfb::member_of nigeria upu) (wfb::member_of nigeria wcl) (wfb::member_of nigeria wftu) (wfb::member_of nigeria who) (wfb::member_of nigeria wmo) (wfb::member_of nigeria wto) (wfb::diplomatic_representation_in_us nigeria chief_of_mission "Ambassador Zubair Mahmud KAZAURE") (wfb::diplomatic_representation_in_us nigeria chancery "1333 16th Street NW, Washington, DC 20036") (wfb::diplomatic_representation_in_us nigeria telephone "[1] (202) 986-8400") (wfb::diplomatic_representation_in_us nigeria |consulate(s) general| "New York") (wfb::us_diplomatic_representation nigeria chief_of_mission "Ambassador Walter C. CARRINGTON") (wfb::us_diplomatic_representation nigeria embassy "2 Eleke Crescent, Lagos") (wfb::us_diplomatic_representation nigeria mailing_address "P. O. Box 554, Lagos") (wfb::us_diplomatic_representation nigeria telephone "[234] (1) 261-0097") (wfb::us_diplomatic_representation nigeria fax "[234] (1) 261-0257") (wfb::us_diplomatic_representation nigeria branch_office "Abuja") (wfb::us_diplomatic_representation nigeria |consulate(s) general| "Kaduna") (wfb::flag nigeria "three equal vertical bands of green (hoist side), white, and green") (wfb::overview nigeria "The oil-rich Nigerian economy continues to be hobbled by political instability and poor macroeconomic management. Nigeria's unpopular military rulers show no sign of wanting to restore democratic civilian rule in the near future and appear divided on how to redress fundamental economic imbalances that cause troublesome inflation and the steady depreciation of the naira. The government's domestic and international arrears continue to limit economic growth - even in the oil sector - and prevent an agreement with the IMF and bilateral creditors on debt relief. The inefficient (largely subsistence) agricultural sector has failed to keep up with rapid population growth, and Nigeria, once a large net exporter of food, now must import food.") (wfb::national_product nigeria (* 1.226e+11 $)) (wfb::national_product_real_growth_rate nigeria (* -0.8 %)) (wfb::national_product_per_capita nigeria (* 1250 $)) (wfb::|Inflation rate (consumer prices)| nigeria "53% (1993 est.)") (wfb::unemployment_rate nigeria (* 28 %)) (wfb::budget nigeria revenues (* 8.999999e+9 $)) (wfb::budget nigeria expenditures (* 1.08e+10 $)) (wfb::budget nigeria capital_expenditures (* n/a $)) (wfb::exports nigeria (* 1.19e+10 $)) (wfb::exports nigeria commodities oil-commodity (* 95 %)) (wfb::exports nigeria commodities cocoa n/a) (wfb::exports nigeria commodities rubber n/a) (wfb::exports nigeria partners us (* 54 %)) (wfb::exports nigeria partners ec (* 23 %)) (wfb::imports nigeria (* 8.3000003e+9 $)) (wfb::imports nigeria commodities machinery_and_equipment n/a) (wfb::imports nigeria commodities manufactured_goods n/a) (wfb::imports nigeria commodities food_and_animals n/a) (wfb::imports nigeria partners ec (* 64 %)) (wfb::imports nigeria partners us (* 10 %)) (wfb::imports nigeria partners japan (* 7 %)) (wfb::external_debt nigeria (* 2.95e+10 $)) (wfb::industrial_production nigeria growth_rate (* 7.7 %)) (wfb::industrial_production nigeria accounts_for (* 43 %_of_gdp)) (wfb::electricity nigeria capacity (* 4570000 kw)) (wfb::electricity nigeria production (* 1.13e+10 kwh)) (wfb::electricity nigeria consumption_per_capita (* 109 kwh)) (wfb::industry nigeria crude_oil_and_mining_-_coal) (wfb::industry nigeria tin-industry) (wfb::industry nigeria columbite-industry) (wfb::industry nigeria primary_processing_industries_-_palm_oil) (wfb::industry nigeria peanut) (wfb::industry nigeria cotton-industry) (wfb::industry nigeria rubber-industry) (wfb::industry nigeria wood-industry) (wfb::industry nigeria hides-industry) (wfb::industry nigeria skins-industry) (wfb::industry nigeria manufacturing_industries_-_textiles) (wfb::industry nigeria cement) (wfb::industry nigeria building_materials-industry) (wfb::industry nigeria food_products-industry) (wfb::industry nigeria footwear-industry) (wfb::industry nigeria chemical) (wfb::industry nigeria printing) (wfb::industry nigeria ceramics) (wfb::industry nigeria steel) (wfb::agriculture nigeria "accounts for 35% of GDP and half of labor force; cash crops - cocoa, peanuts, palm oil, rubber; food crops - corn, rice, sorghum, millet, cassava, yams; livestock - cattle, sheep, goats, pigs; fishing and forestry resources extensively exploited") (wfb::illicit_drugs nigeria "passenger and cargo air hub for West Africa; facilitates movement of heroin en route from Southeast and Southwest Asia to Western Europe and North America; increasingly a transit route for cocaine from South America intended for West European, East Asian, and North American markets") (wfb::economic_aid nigeria recipient "US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-89), $705 million; Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-89), $3 billion; Communist countries (1970-89), $2.2 billion") (wfb::currency nigeria naira 100 kobo) (wfb::exchange_rates nigeria "naira (N) per US$1 - 21.996 (January 1995), 21.996 (1994), 22.065 (1993), 17.298 (1992), 9.909 (1991), 8.038 (1990)") (wfb::fiscal_year nigeria date_1_jan date_31_dec) (wfb::railroads nigeria total "3,567 km") (wfb::railroads nigeria narrow_gauge "3,505 km 1.067-m gauge") (wfb::railroads nigeria standard_gauge "62 km 1.435-m gauge") (wfb::highways nigeria total (* 107990 km)) (wfb::highways nigeria mostly_bituminous-surface_treatment (* 30019 km)) (wfb::highways nigeria (union gravel crushed_stone improved_earth) (* 25411 km)) (wfb::highways nigeria unimproved_earth (* 52560 km)) (wfb::inland_waterways nigeria "8,575 km consisting of Niger and Benue Rivers and smaller rivers and creeks") (wfb::port nigeria calabar-nigeria) (wfb::port nigeria lagos-nigeria) (wfb::port nigeria onne-nigeria) (wfb::port nigeria port_harcourt-nigeria) (wfb::port nigeria sapele-nigeria) (wfb::port nigeria warri-nigeria) (wfb::merchant_marine nigeria total "32 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 404,064 GRT/661,850 DWT") (wfb::merchant_marine nigeria ships_by_type "bulk 1, cargo 14, chemical tanker 3, liquefied gas tanker 1, oil tanker 12, roll-on/roll-off cargo 1") (wfb::airports nigeria total 80) (wfb::airports nigeria |with paved runways over 3,047 m| 6) (wfb::airports nigeria |with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m| 10) (wfb::airports nigeria |with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m| 10) (wfb::airports nigeria |with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m| 7) (wfb::airports nigeria with_paved_runways_under_914_m 25) (wfb::airports nigeria |with unpaved runways 1,524 to 2,438 m| 1) (wfb::airports nigeria |with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m| 21) (wfb::telephone_system nigeria "NA telephones; above-average system limited by poor maintenance; major expansion in progress") (wfb::telephone_system nigeria local "NA") (wfb::telephone_system nigeria intercity "microwave radio relay, coaxial cable, and 20 domestic satellite earth stations carry intercity traffic") (wfb::telephone_system nigeria international "3 INTELSAT earth stations (2 Atlantic Ocean and 1 Indian Ocean) and 1 coaxial submarine cable carry international traffic") (wfb::radio nigeria broadcast_stations am 35) (wfb::radio nigeria broadcast_stations fm 17) (wfb::radio nigeria broadcast_stations shortwave 0) (wfb::radio nigeria radios n/a) (wfb::television nigeria broadcast_stations 28) (wfb::television nigeria televisions n/a) (wfb::defense_branch nigeria army_nigeria) (wfb::defense_branch nigeria navy_nigeria) (wfb::defense_branch nigeria air_force_nigeria) (wfb::defense_branch nigeria paramilitary_police_force_nigeria) (wfb::manpower_availability nigeria "males age 15-49 23,167,009; males fit for military service 13,246,223; males reach military age (18) annually 1,024,059 (1995 est.)") (wfb::defense_expenditures nigeria (* 1.72e+8 $)))) (rwanda ((wfb::location rwanda "Central Africa, east of Zaire") (wfb::map_references rwanda "Africa") (wfb::area rwanda total_area (* 26340 sq_km)) (wfb::area rwanda land_area (* 24950 sq_km)) (wfb::area rwanda comparative_area "slightly smaller than Maryland") (wfb::borders rwanda total (* 893 km)) (wfb::borders rwanda burundi (* 290 km)) (wfb::borders rwanda tanzania (* 217 km)) (wfb::borders rwanda uganda (* 169 km)) (wfb::borders rwanda zaire (* 217 km)) (wfb::coastline rwanda (* 0 km)) (wfb::maritime_claims rwanda "none; landlocked") (wfb::international_disputes rwanda "none") (wfb::climate rwanda "temperate") (wfb::climate rwanda "two rainy seasons (February to April, November to January)") (wfb::climate rwanda "mild in mountains with frost and snow possible") (wfb::terrain rwanda "mostly grassy uplands and hills") (wfb::terrain rwanda "relief is mountainous with altitude declining from west to east") (wfb::natural-resource rwanda gold) (wfb::natural-resource rwanda |cassiterite (tin ore)|) (wfb::natural-resource rwanda |wolframite (tungsten ore)|) (wfb::natural-resource rwanda natural_gas) (wfb::natural-resource rwanda hydropower-natural-resource) (wfb::land_use rwanda arable_land (* 29 %)) (wfb::land_use rwanda permanent_crops (* 11 %)) (wfb::land_use rwanda meadows_and_pastures (* 18 %)) (wfb::land_use rwanda forest_and_woodland (* 10 %)) (wfb::land_use rwanda other (* 32 %)) (wfb::irrigated_land rwanda (* 40 sq_km)) (wfb::environment rwanda current_issues "deforestation results from uncontrolled cutting of trees for fuel") (wfb::environment rwanda current_issues "overgrazing") (wfb::environment rwanda current_issues "soil exhaustion") (wfb::environment rwanda current_issues "soil erosion") (wfb::environment rwanda natural_hazards "periodic droughts") (wfb::environment rwanda natural_hazards "the volcanic Virunga mountains are in the northwest along the border with Zaire") (wfb::environment rwanda international_agreements "party to - Endangered Species, Nuclear Test Ban") (wfb::environment rwanda international_agreements "signed, but not ratified - Biodiversity, Climate Change, Law of the Sea") (wfb::note rwanda "landlocked; predominantly rural population") (wfb::population rwanda 8605307) (wfb::age_structure rwanda 0-14_years (* 51 %)) (wfb::age_structure_by_sex rwanda 0-14_years female 2184549) (wfb::age_structure_by_sex rwanda 0-14_years male 2201049) (wfb::age_structure rwanda 15-64_years (* 47 %)) (wfb::age_structure_by_sex rwanda 15-64_years female 2034278) (wfb::age_structure_by_sex rwanda 15-64_years male 1968298) (wfb::age_structure rwanda 65_years_and_over (* 2 %)) (wfb::age_structure_by_sex rwanda 65_years_and_over female 126255) (wfb::age_structure_by_sex rwanda 65_years_and_over male 90878) (wfb::population_growth_rate rwanda (* 2.67 %)) (wfb::birth_rate rwanda (* 48.52 |births/1,000 population|)) (wfb::death_rate rwanda (* 21.82 |deaths/1,000 population|)) (wfb::net_migration_rate rwanda (* n/a |migrant(s)/1,000 population|)) (wfb::infant_mortality_rate rwanda (* 118.1 |deaths/1,000 live births|)) (wfb::life_expectancy_at_birth rwanda total_population (* 39.33 years)) (wfb::life_expectancy_at_birth rwanda male (* 38.5 years)) (wfb::life_expectancy_at_birth rwanda female (* 40.19 years)) (wfb::total_fertility_rate rwanda (* 8.12 children_born/woman)) (wfb::nationality rwanda noun "Rwandan(s)") (wfb::nationality rwanda adjective "Rwandan") (wfb::ethnic-entity rwanda hutu (* 90 %)) (wfb::ethnic-entity rwanda tutsi (* 9 %)) (wfb::ethnic-entity rwanda |Twa (Pygmoid)| (* 1 %)) (wfb::religion rwanda roman_catholic (* 65 %)) (wfb::religion rwanda protestant (* 9 %)) (wfb::religion rwanda muslim (* 1 %)) (wfb::religion rwanda indigenous_beliefs_and_other (* 25 %)) (wfb::language rwanda kinyarwanda n/a) (wfb::language rwanda french n/a) (wfb::language rwanda kiswahili_used_in_commercial_centers n/a) (wfb::literacy-condition rwanda "age 15 and over can read and write") (wfb::literacy rwanda total_population (* 50 %)) (wfb::literacy rwanda male (* 64 %)) (wfb::literacy rwanda female (* 37 %)) (wfb::total_labor_force rwanda 3600000.0) (wfb::labor_force_by_occupation rwanda agriculture (* 93 %)) (wfb::labor_force_by_occupation rwanda government_and_services (* 5 %)) (wfb::labor_force_by_occupation rwanda industry_and_commerce (* 2 %)) (wfb::names rwanda conventional_long_form "Republic of Rwanda") (wfb::names rwanda conventional_short_form "Rwanda") (wfb::names rwanda local_long_form "Republika y'u Rwanda") (wfb::names rwanda local_short_form "Rwanda") (wfb::digraph rwanda "RW") (type rwanda "republic; presidential system") (wfb::capital rwanda kigali-rwanda) (wfb::independence rwanda date_1_jul_1962 "Belgium-administered UN trusteeship") (wfb::national_holiday rwanda "Independence Day" date_1_jul) (wfb::constitution rwanda "18 June 1991") (wfb::legal_system rwanda "based on German and Belgian civil law systems and customary law; judicial review of legislative acts in the Supreme Court; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction") (wfb::suffrage rwanda (* n/a years_of_age)) (wfb::executive_branch rwanda chief_of_state "President Pasteur BIZIMUNGU " date_19_jul_1994) (wfb::executive_branch rwanda cabinet "Council of Ministers") (wfb::legislative_structure rwanda unicameral n/a) (wfb::legislative_branch rwanda "National Development Council" "(Conseil National de Developpement) elections last held 19 December 1988 (next to be held NA 1995); results - MRND was the only party; seats - (70 total) MRND 70") (wfb::judicial_branch rwanda "Constitutional Court consists of the Court of Cassation and the Council of State in joint session") (wfb::political_parties_and_leaders rwanda "Rwandan Patriotic Front (RPF), Alexis KANYARENGWE, Chairman; National Revolutionary Movement for Democracy and Development (MRND); significant independent parties include: Democratic Republican Movement (MDR); Liberal Party (PL); Democratic and Socialist Party (PSD); Coalition for the Defense of the Republic (CDR); Party for Democracy in Rwanda (PADER); Christian Democratic Party (PDL)") (wfb::other_political_or_pressure_groups rwanda "Rwanda Patriotic Army (RPA), the RPF military wing, Maj. Gen. Paul KAGAME, commander;") (wfb::member_of rwanda acct) (wfb::member_of rwanda acp) (wfb::member_of rwanda afdb) (wfb::member_of rwanda ccc) (wfb::member_of rwanda ceeac) (wfb::member_of rwanda cepgl) (wfb::member_of rwanda eca) (wfb::member_of rwanda fao) (wfb::member_of rwanda g-77) (wfb::member_of rwanda gatt) (wfb::member_of rwanda ibrd) (wfb::member_of rwanda icao) (wfb::member_of rwanda icftu) (wfb::member_of rwanda icrm) (wfb::member_of rwanda ida) (wfb::member_of rwanda ifad) (wfb::member_of rwanda ifc) (wfb::member_of rwanda ifrcs) (wfb::member_of rwanda ilo) (wfb::member_of rwanda imf) (wfb::member_of rwanda intelsat) (wfb::member_of rwanda interpol) (wfb::member_of rwanda ioc) (wfb::member_of rwanda itu) (wfb::member_of rwanda nam) (wfb::member_of rwanda oau) (wfb::member_of rwanda un) (wfb::member_of rwanda unctad) (wfb::member_of rwanda unesco) (wfb::member_of rwanda unido) (wfb::member_of rwanda upu) (wfb::member_of rwanda wcl) (wfb::member_of rwanda who) (wfb::member_of rwanda wipo) (wfb::member_of rwanda wmo) (wfb::member_of rwanda wto) (wfb::diplomatic_representation_in_us rwanda chief_of_mission "(vacant); Charge d'Affaires ad interim Joseph W. MUTABOBA") (wfb::diplomatic_representation_in_us rwanda chancery "1714 New Hampshire Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20009") (wfb::diplomatic_representation_in_us rwanda telephone "[1] (202) 232-2882") (wfb::diplomatic_representation_in_us rwanda fax "[1] (202) 232-4544") (wfb::us_diplomatic_representation rwanda chief_of_mission "Ambassador David P. RAWSON") (wfb::us_diplomatic_representation rwanda embassy "Boulevard de la Revolution, Kigali") (wfb::us_diplomatic_representation rwanda mailing_address "B. P. 28, Kigali") (wfb::us_diplomatic_representation rwanda telephone "[250] 756 01 through 03") (wfb::us_diplomatic_representation rwanda fax "[250] 721 28") (wfb::flag rwanda "three equal vertical bands of red (hoist side), yellow, and green with a large black letter R centered in the yellow band; uses the popular pan-African colors of Ethiopia; similar to the flag of Guinea, which has a plain yellow band") (wfb::overview rwanda "Rwanda is a poor African nation suffering bitterly from ethnic-based civil war. Almost 50% of GDP comes from the agricultural sector; coffee and tea make up 80%-90% of total exports. The amount of fertile land is limited, however, and deforestation and soil erosion continue to create problems. The industrial sector in Rwanda is small, contributing only 17% to GDP. Manufacturing focuses mainly on the processing of agricultural products. The Rwandan economy remains dependent on coffee/tea exports and foreign aid. Weak international prices since 1986 have caused the economy to contract and per capita GDP to decline. A structural adjustment program with the World Bank began in October 1990. Ethnic-based insurgency since 1990 has devastated wide areas, especially in the north, and displaced hundreds of thousands of people. A peace accord in mid-1993 temporarily ended most of the fighting, but massive resumption of civil warfare in April 1994 in the capital city Kigali and elsewhere has been taking thousands of lives and severely affecting short-term economic prospects. The economy suffers massively from failure to maintain the infrastructure, looting, neglect of important cash crops, and lack of health care facilities.") (wfb::national_product rwanda (* 7.9000003e+9 $)) (wfb::national_product_real_growth_rate rwanda (* -8 %)) (wfb::national_product_per_capita rwanda (* 950 $)) (wfb::|Inflation rate (consumer prices)| rwanda "NA%") (wfb::unemployment_rate rwanda (* n/a %)) (wfb::budget rwanda revenues (* 3.5e+8 $)) (wfb::budget rwanda expenditures (* n/a $)) (wfb::budget rwanda capital_expenditures (* n/a $)) (wfb::exports rwanda (* 4.4e+7 $)) (wfb::exports rwanda commodities coffee (* 63 %)) (wfb::exports rwanda commodities tea n/a) (wfb::exports rwanda commodities cassiterite n/a) (wfb::exports rwanda commodities wolframite n/a) (wfb::exports rwanda commodities pyrethrum n/a) (wfb::exports rwanda partners germany n/a) (wfb::exports rwanda partners belgium n/a) (wfb::exports rwanda partners italy n/a) (wfb::exports rwanda partners uganda n/a) (wfb::exports rwanda partners uk n/a) (wfb::exports rwanda partners france n/a) (wfb::exports rwanda partners us n/a) (wfb::imports rwanda (* 2.5e+8 $)) (wfb::imports rwanda commodities textiles-commodity n/a) (wfb::imports rwanda commodities foodstuffs n/a) (wfb::imports rwanda commodities machines_and_equipment n/a) (wfb::imports rwanda commodities capital_goods n/a) (wfb::imports rwanda commodities steel-commodity n/a) (wfb::imports rwanda commodities petroleum_products-commodity n/a) (wfb::imports rwanda commodities cement_and_construction_material n/a) (wfb::imports rwanda partners us n/a) (wfb::imports rwanda partners belgium n/a) (wfb::imports rwanda partners germany n/a) (wfb::imports rwanda partners kenya n/a) (wfb::imports rwanda partners japan n/a) (wfb::external_debt rwanda (* 8.73e+8 $)) (wfb::industrial_production rwanda growth_rate (* -2.2 %)) (wfb::industrial_production rwanda accounts_for (* 17 %_of_gdp)) (wfb::electricity rwanda capacity (* 60000 kw)) (wfb::electricity rwanda production (* 1.9e+8 kwh)) (wfb::electricity rwanda consumption_per_capita (* 23 kwh)) (wfb::industry rwanda |mining of cassiterite (tin ore) and wolframite (tungsten ore)|) (wfb::industry rwanda tin-industry) (wfb::industry rwanda cement) (wfb::industry rwanda agricultural_processing) (wfb::industry rwanda small-scale_beverage_production) (wfb::industry rwanda soap) (wfb::industry rwanda furniture) (wfb::industry rwanda shoes) (wfb::industry rwanda plastic_goods) (wfb::industry rwanda textiles) (wfb::industry rwanda cigarettes) (wfb::agriculture rwanda "cash crops - coffee, tea, pyrethrum (insecticide made from chrysanthemums); main food crops - bananas, beans, sorghum, potatoes; stock raising") (wfb::economic_aid rwanda recipient "US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-89), $128 million; Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-89), $2 billion; OPEC bilateral aid (1979-89), $45 million; Communist countries (1970-89), $58 million") (wfb::currency rwanda rwandan_franc 100 centimes) (wfb::exchange_rates rwanda "Rwandan francs (RF) per US$1 - 144.3 (3rd quarter 1994), 144.25 (1993), 133.35 (1992), 125.14 (1991), 82.60 (1990)") (wfb::fiscal_year rwanda date_1_jan date_31_dec) (wfb::railroads rwanda "0 km") (wfb::highways rwanda total (* 4885 km)) (wfb::highways rwanda paved (* 880 km)) (wfb::highways rwanda (union gravel sand_and_gravel) (* 1305 km)) (wfb::highways rwanda unimproved_earth (* 2700 km)) (wfb::inland_waterways rwanda "Lac Kivu navigable by shallow-draft barges and native craft") (wfb::port rwanda cyangugu-rwanda) (wfb::port rwanda gisenyi-rwanda) (wfb::port rwanda kibuye-rwanda) (wfb::airports rwanda total 7) (wfb::airports rwanda |with paved runways over 3,047 m| 1) (wfb::airports rwanda |with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m| 2) (wfb::airports rwanda with_paved_runways_under_914_m 3) (wfb::airports rwanda |with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m| 1) (wfb::telephone_system rwanda "NA telephones; telephone system does not provide service to the general public but is intended for business and government use") (wfb::telephone_system rwanda local "NA") (wfb::telephone_system rwanda intercity "the capital, Kigali, is connected to the centers of the prefectures by microwave radio relay; the remainder of the network depends on wire and high frequency radio") (wfb::telephone_system rwanda international "international connections employ microwave radio relay to neighboring countries and satellite communications to more distant countries; 1 INTELSAT (Indian Ocean) and 1 SYMPHONIE earth station in Kigali (includes telex and telefax service)") (wfb::radio rwanda broadcast_stations am 1) (wfb::radio rwanda broadcast_stations fm 1) (wfb::radio rwanda broadcast_stations shortwave 0) (wfb::radio rwanda radios n/a) (wfb::television rwanda broadcast_stations 1) (wfb::television rwanda televisions n/a) (wfb::defense_branch rwanda army_rwanda) (wfb::defense_branch rwanda gendarmerie_rwanda) (wfb::manpower_availability rwanda "males age 15-49 1,792,326; males fit for military service 913,711 (1995 est.)") (wfb::defense_expenditures rwanda (* 1.125e+8 $)) (wfb::defense_expenditures rwanda (* 7 %_of_gdp)))) (sao_tome_and_principe ((wfb::location sao_tome_and_principe "Western Africa, island in the Atlantic Ocean, straddling the equator, west of Gabon") (wfb::map_references sao_tome_and_principe "Africa") (wfb::area sao_tome_and_principe total_area (* 960 sq_km)) (wfb::area sao_tome_and_principe land_area (* 960 sq_km)) (wfb::area sao_tome_and_principe comparative_area "slightly less than 5.5 times the size of Washington, DC") (wfb::coastline sao_tome_and_principe (* 209 km)) (wfb::maritime_claims sao_tome_and_principe exclusive_economic_zone (* 200 nm)) (wfb::maritime_claims sao_tome_and_principe territorial_sea (* 12 nm)) (wfb::international_disputes sao_tome_and_principe "none") (wfb::climate sao_tome_and_principe "tropical") (wfb::climate sao_tome_and_principe "hot, humid") (wfb::climate sao_tome_and_principe "one rainy season (October to May)") (wfb::terrain sao_tome_and_principe "volcanic, mountainous") (wfb::natural-resource sao_tome_and_principe fish) (wfb::land_use sao_tome_and_principe arable_land (* 1 %)) (wfb::land_use sao_tome_and_principe permanent_crops (* 20 %)) (wfb::land_use sao_tome_and_principe meadows_and_pastures (* 1 %)) (wfb::land_use sao_tome_and_principe forest_and_woodland (* 75 %)) (wfb::land_use sao_tome_and_principe other (* 3 %)) (wfb::irrigated_land sao_tome_and_principe (* n/a sq_km)) (wfb::environment sao_tome_and_principe current_issues "deforestation") (wfb::environment sao_tome_and_principe current_issues "soil erosion and exhaustion") (wfb::environment sao_tome_and_principe natural_hazards "NA") (wfb::environment sao_tome_and_principe international_agreements "party to - Environmental Modification, Law of the Sea") (wfb::environment sao_tome_and_principe international_agreements "signed, but not ratified - Biodiversity, Climate Change") (wfb::population sao_tome_and_principe 140423) (wfb::age_structure sao_tome_and_principe 0-14_years (* 40 %)) (wfb::age_structure_by_sex sao_tome_and_principe 0-14_years female 27995) (wfb::age_structure_by_sex sao_tome_and_principe 0-14_years male 28452) (wfb::age_structure sao_tome_and_principe 15-64_years (* 55 %)) (wfb::age_structure_by_sex sao_tome_and_principe 15-64_years female 38846) (wfb::age_structure_by_sex sao_tome_and_principe 15-64_years male 38619) (wfb::age_structure sao_tome_and_principe 65_years_and_over (* 5 %)) (wfb::age_structure_by_sex sao_tome_and_principe 65_years_and_over female 3615) (wfb::age_structure_by_sex sao_tome_and_principe 65_years_and_over male 2896) (wfb::population_growth_rate sao_tome_and_principe (* 2.62 %)) (wfb::birth_rate sao_tome_and_principe (* 34.94 |births/1,000 population|)) (wfb::death_rate sao_tome_and_principe (* 8.7 |deaths/1,000 population|)) (wfb::net_migration_rate sao_tome_and_principe (* 0 |migrant(s)/1,000 population|)) (wfb::infant_mortality_rate sao_tome_and_principe (* 62.1 |deaths/1,000 live births|)) (wfb::life_expectancy_at_birth sao_tome_and_principe total_population (* 63.65 years)) (wfb::life_expectancy_at_birth sao_tome_and_principe male (* 61.76 years)) (wfb::life_expectancy_at_birth sao_tome_and_principe female (* 65.59 years)) (wfb::total_fertility_rate sao_tome_and_principe (* 4.44 children_born/woman)) (wfb::nationality sao_tome_and_principe noun "Sao Tomean(s)") (wfb::nationality sao_tome_and_principe adjective "Sao Tomean") (wfb::ethnic-entity sao_tome_and_principe mestico n/a) (wfb::ethnic-entity sao_tome_and_principe angolares n/a) (wfb::ethnic-entity sao_tome_and_principe forros n/a) (wfb::ethnic-entity sao_tome_and_principe servicais n/a) (wfb::ethnic-entity sao_tome_and_principe tongas n/a) (wfb::ethnic-entity sao_tome_and_principe europeans n/a) (wfb::religion sao_tome_and_principe roman_catholic n/a) (wfb::religion sao_tome_and_principe evangelical_protestant n/a) (wfb::religion sao_tome_and_principe seventh-day_adventist n/a) (wfb::language sao_tome_and_principe portuguese n/a) (wfb::literacy-condition sao_tome_and_principe "age 15 and over can read and write") (wfb::literacy sao_tome_and_principe total_population (* 73 %)) (wfb::literacy sao_tome_and_principe male (* 85 %)) (wfb::literacy sao_tome_and_principe female (* 62 %)) (wfb::names sao_tome_and_principe conventional_long_form "Democratic Republic of Sao Tome and Principe") (wfb::names sao_tome_and_principe conventional_short_form "Sao Tome and Principe") (wfb::names sao_tome_and_principe local_long_form "Republica Democratica de Sao Tome e Principe") (wfb::names sao_tome_and_principe local_short_form "Sao Tome e Principe") (wfb::digraph sao_tome_and_principe "TP") (type sao_tome_and_principe "republic") (wfb::capital sao_tome_and_principe sao_tome-sao_tome_and_principe) (wfb::administrative_divisions sao_tome_and_principe adm_div_sao_tome_and_principe_districts 2) (wfb::administrative_division_of sao_tome_and_principe adm_div_sao_tome_and_principe_districts "Principe") (wfb::administrative_division_of sao_tome_and_principe adm_div_sao_tome_and_principe_districts "Sao Tome") (wfb::independence sao_tome_and_principe date_12_jul_1975 "Portugal") (wfb::national_holiday sao_tome_and_principe "Independence Day" date_12_jul) (wfb::constitution sao_tome_and_principe "approved March 1990; effective 10 September 1990") (wfb::legal_system sao_tome_and_principe "based on Portuguese law system and customary law; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction") (wfb::suffrage sao_tome_and_principe (* 18 years_of_age)) (wfb::executive_branch sao_tome_and_principe chief_of_state "President Miguel TROVOADA " date_4_apr_1991) (wfb::executive_branch sao_tome_and_principe head_of_government "Prime Minister Carlos da GRACA " date_25_oct_1994) (wfb::executive_branch sao_tome_and_principe cabinet "Council of Ministers") (wfb::legislative_structure sao_tome_and_principe unicameral n/a) (wfb::legislative_branch sao_tome_and_principe "National People's Assembly" "(Assembleia Popular Nacional) parliament dissolved by President TROVOADA in July 1994; early elections held 2 October 1994; results - MLSTP 27%, PCD-GR 25.5%, ADI 25.5%; seats - (55 total) MLSTP 27, PCD-GR 14, ADI 14") (wfb::judicial_branch sao_tome_and_principe "Supreme Court") (wfb::political_parties_and_leaders sao_tome_and_principe "Party for Democratic Convergence-Reflection Group (PCD-GR), Daniel Lima Dos Santos DAIO, secretary general; Movement for the Liberation of Sao Tome and Principe (MLSTP), Carlos da GRACA; Christian Democratic Front (FDC), Alphonse Dos SANTOS; Democratic Opposition Coalition (CODO), leader NA; Independent Democratic Action (ADI), Gabriel COSTA; other small parties") (wfb::member_of sao_tome_and_principe acp) (wfb::member_of sao_tome_and_principe afdb) (wfb::member_of sao_tome_and_principe ceeac) (wfb::member_of sao_tome_and_principe eca) (wfb::member_of sao_tome_and_principe fao) (wfb::member_of sao_tome_and_principe g-77) (wfb::member_of sao_tome_and_principe ibrd) (wfb::member_of sao_tome_and_principe icao) (wfb::member_of sao_tome_and_principe icrm) (wfb::member_of sao_tome_and_principe ida) (wfb::member_of sao_tome_and_principe ifad) (wfb::member_of sao_tome_and_principe ifrcs) (wfb::member_of sao_tome_and_principe ilo) (wfb::member_of sao_tome_and_principe imf) (wfb::member_of sao_tome_and_principe imo) (wfb::member_of sao_tome_and_principe intelsat) (wfb::member_of sao_tome_and_principe interpol) (wfb::member_of sao_tome_and_principe ioc) (wfb::member_of sao_tome_and_principe iom) (wfb::member_of sao_tome_and_principe itu) (wfb::member_of sao_tome_and_principe nam) (wfb::member_of sao_tome_and_principe oau) (wfb::member_of sao_tome_and_principe un) (wfb::member_of sao_tome_and_principe unctad) (wfb::member_of sao_tome_and_principe unesco) (wfb::member_of sao_tome_and_principe unido) (wfb::member_of sao_tome_and_principe upu) (wfb::member_of sao_tome_and_principe who) (wfb::member_of sao_tome_and_principe wmo) (wfb::member_of sao_tome_and_principe wto) (wfb::diplomatic_representation_in_us sao_tome_and_principe "Sao Tome and Principe has no embassy in the US, but does have a Permanent Mission to the UN, headed by First Secretary Domingos AUGUSTO Ferreira, located at 122 East 42nd Street, Suite 1604, New York, NY 10168, telephone [1] (212) 697-4211") (wfb::us_diplomatic_representation sao_tome_and_principe "ambassador to Gabon is accredited to Sao Tome and Principe on a nonresident basis and makes periodic visits to the islands") (wfb::flag sao_tome_and_principe "three horizontal bands of green (top), yellow (double width), and green with two black five-pointed stars placed side by side in the center of the yellow band and a red isosceles triangle based on the hoist side; uses the popular pan-African colors of Ethiopia") (wfb::overview sao_tome_and_principe "This small poor island economy has remained dependent on cocoa since independence 20 years ago. Since then, however, cocoa production has gradually declined because of drought and mismanagement, so that by 1987 annual output had fallen from 10,000 tons to 3,900 tons. As a result, a shortage of cocoa for export has created a serious balance-of-payments problem. Production of less important crops, such as coffee, copra, and palm kernels, has also declined. The value of imports generally exceeds that of exports by a ratio of 4:1 or more. The emphasis on cocoa production at the expense of other food crops has meant that Sao Tome has to import 90% of food needs. It also has to import all fuels and most manufactured goods. Over the years, Sao Tome has been unable to service its external debt and has had to depend on concessional aid and debt rescheduling. Considerable potential exists for development of a tourist industry, and the government has taken steps to expand facilities in recent years. The government also has attempted to reduce price controls and subsidies and to encourage market-based mechanisms, e. g., to facilitate the distribution of imported food. Annual GDP growth is estimated in the 3%-4% range for 1994-96.") (wfb::national_product sao_tome_and_principe (* 1.33e+8 $)) (wfb::national_product_real_growth_rate sao_tome_and_principe (* n/a %)) (wfb::national_product_per_capita sao_tome_and_principe (* 1000 $)) (wfb::|Inflation rate (consumer prices)| sao_tome_and_principe "27% (1992 est.)") (wfb::unemployment_rate sao_tome_and_principe (* n/a %)) (wfb::budget sao_tome_and_principe revenues (* 1.02e+7 $)) (wfb::budget sao_tome_and_principe expenditures (* 3.68e+7 $)) (wfb::budget sao_tome_and_principe capital_expenditures (* 2.25e+7 $)) (wfb::exports sao_tome_and_principe (* 5500000.0 $)) (wfb::exports sao_tome_and_principe commodities cocoa (* 78 %)) (wfb::exports sao_tome_and_principe commodities copra n/a) (wfb::exports sao_tome_and_principe commodities coffee n/a) (wfb::exports sao_tome_and_principe commodities palm_oil-commodity n/a) (wfb::exports sao_tome_and_principe partners netherlands n/a) (wfb::exports sao_tome_and_principe partners germany n/a) (wfb::exports sao_tome_and_principe partners china n/a) (wfb::exports sao_tome_and_principe partners portugal n/a) (wfb::imports sao_tome_and_principe (* 3.15e+7 $)) (wfb::imports sao_tome_and_principe commodities machinery_and_electrical_equipment (* 44 %)) (wfb::imports sao_tome_and_principe commodities food_products (* 18 %)) (wfb::imports sao_tome_and_principe commodities petroleum-commodity (* 11 %)) (wfb::imports sao_tome_and_principe partners portugal n/a) (wfb::imports sao_tome_and_principe partners japan n/a) (wfb::imports sao_tome_and_principe partners spain n/a) (wfb::imports sao_tome_and_principe partners france n/a) (wfb::imports sao_tome_and_principe partners angola n/a) (wfb::external_debt sao_tome_and_principe (* 2.37e+8 $)) (wfb::industrial_production sao_tome_and_principe growth_rate (* 1 %)) (wfb::industrial_production sao_tome_and_principe accounts_for (* 7 %_of_gdp)) (wfb::electricity sao_tome_and_principe capacity (* 5000 kw)) (wfb::electricity sao_tome_and_principe production (* 1.7e+7 kwh)) (wfb::electricity sao_tome_and_principe consumption_per_capita (* 105 kwh)) (wfb::industry sao_tome_and_principe light_construction) (wfb::industry sao_tome_and_principe shirts) (wfb::industry sao_tome_and_principe soap) (wfb::industry sao_tome_and_principe beer) (wfb::industry sao_tome_and_principe fisheries-industry) (wfb::industry sao_tome_and_principe shrimp_processing) (wfb::agriculture sao_tome_and_principe "accounts for 25% of GDP; dominant sector of economy, primary source of exports; cash crops - cocoa, coconuts, palm kernels, coffee; food products - bananas, papaya, beans, poultry, fish; not self-sufficient in food grain and meat") (wfb::economic_aid sao_tome_and_principe recipient "US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-89), $8 million; Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-89), $89 million") (wfb::currency sao_tome_and_principe dobra 100 centimos) (wfb::exchange_rates sao_tome_and_principe "dobras (Db) per US$1 - 129.59 (1 July 1993), 230 (1992), 260.0 (November 1991), 122.48 (December 1988), 72.827 (1987)") (wfb::fiscal_year sao_tome_and_principe date_1_jan date_31_dec) (wfb::railroads sao_tome_and_principe "0 km") (wfb::highways sao_tome_and_principe total (* 300 km)) (wfb::highways sao_tome_and_principe paved (* 200 km)) (wfb::highways sao_tome_and_principe unpaved (* 100 km)) (wfb::port sao_tome_and_principe santo_antonio-sao_tome_and_principe) (wfb::port sao_tome_and_principe sao_tome-sao_tome_and_principe) (wfb::merchant_marine sao_tome_and_principe total "1 cargo ship (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 1,096 GRT/1,105 DWT") (wfb::airports sao_tome_and_principe total 2) (wfb::airports sao_tome_and_principe |with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m| 1) (wfb::airports sao_tome_and_principe |with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m| 1) (wfb::telephone_system sao_tome_and_principe "NA; minimal system") (wfb::telephone_system sao_tome_and_principe local "NA") (wfb::telephone_system sao_tome_and_principe intercity "NA") (wfb::telephone_system sao_tome_and_principe international "1 Atlantic Ocean INTELSAT earth station") (wfb::radio sao_tome_and_principe broadcast_stations am 1) (wfb::radio sao_tome_and_principe broadcast_stations fm 2) (wfb::radio sao_tome_and_principe broadcast_stations shortwave 0) (wfb::radio sao_tome_and_principe radios n/a) (wfb::television sao_tome_and_principe broadcast_stations 0) (wfb::television sao_tome_and_principe televisions n/a) (wfb::defense_branch sao_tome_and_principe army_sao_tome_and_principe) (wfb::defense_branch sao_tome_and_principe navy_sao_tome_and_principe) (wfb::defense_branch sao_tome_and_principe national_police_sao_tome_and_principe) (wfb::manpower_availability sao_tome_and_principe "males age 15-49 33,789; males fit for military service 17,752 (1995 est.)"))) (senegal ((wfb::location senegal "Western Africa, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean, between Guinea-Bissau and Mauritania") (wfb::map_references senegal "Africa") (wfb::area senegal total_area (* 196190 sq_km)) (wfb::area senegal land_area (* 192000 sq_km)) (wfb::area senegal comparative_area "slightly smaller than South Dakota") (wfb::borders senegal total (* 2640 km)) (wfb::borders senegal the_gambia (* 740 km)) (wfb::borders senegal guinea (* 330 km)) (wfb::borders senegal guinea-bissau (* 338 km)) (wfb::borders senegal mali (* 419 km)) (wfb::borders senegal mauritania (* 813 km)) (wfb::coastline senegal (* 531 km)) (wfb::maritime_claims senegal contiguous_zone (* 24 nm)) (wfb::maritime_claims senegal exclusive_economic_zone (* 200 nm)) (wfb::maritime_claims senegal territorial_sea (* 12 nm)) (wfb::international_disputes senegal "short section of the boundary with The Gambia is indefinite") (wfb::international_disputes senegal "boundary with Mauritania in dispute;") (wfb::climate senegal "tropical") (wfb::climate senegal "hot, humid") (wfb::climate senegal "rainy season (December to April) has strong southeast winds") (wfb::climate senegal "dry season (May to November) dominated by hot, dry harmattan wind") (wfb::terrain senegal "generally low, rolling, plains rising to foothills in southeast") (wfb::natural-resource senegal fish) (wfb::natural-resource senegal phosphates) (wfb::natural-resource senegal iron_ore) (wfb::land_use senegal arable_land (* 27 %)) (wfb::land_use senegal permanent_crops (* 0 %)) (wfb::land_use senegal meadows_and_pastures (* 30 %)) (wfb::land_use senegal forest_and_woodland (* 31 %)) (wfb::land_use senegal other (* 12 %)) (wfb::irrigated_land senegal (* 1800 sq_km)) (wfb::environment senegal current_issues "wildlife populations threatened by poaching") (wfb::environment senegal current_issues "deforestation") (wfb::environment senegal current_issues "overgrazing") (wfb::environment senegal current_issues "soil erosion") (wfb::environment senegal current_issues "desertification") (wfb::environment senegal current_issues "overfishing") (wfb::environment senegal natural_hazards "lowlands seasonally flooded") (wfb::environment senegal natural_hazards "periodic droughts") (wfb::environment senegal international_agreements "party to - Biodiversity, Climate Change, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Life Conservation, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands, Whaling") (wfb::environment senegal international_agreements "signed, but not ratified - Desertification, Marine Dumping") (wfb::note senegal "The Gambia is almost an enclave of Senegal") (wfb::population senegal 9007080) (wfb::age_structure senegal 0-14_years (* 45 %)) (wfb::age_structure_by_sex senegal 0-14_years female 2004514) (wfb::age_structure_by_sex senegal 0-14_years male 2021251) (wfb::age_structure senegal 15-64_years (* 52 %)) (wfb::age_structure_by_sex senegal 15-64_years female 2398609) (wfb::age_structure_by_sex senegal 15-64_years male 2301236) (wfb::age_structure senegal 65_years_and_over (* 3 %)) (wfb::age_structure_by_sex senegal 65_years_and_over female 140128) (wfb::age_structure_by_sex senegal 65_years_and_over male 141342) (wfb::population_growth_rate senegal (* 3.12 %)) (wfb::birth_rate senegal (* 42.87 |births/1,000 population|)) (wfb::death_rate senegal (* 11.64 |deaths/1,000 population|)) (wfb::net_migration_rate senegal (* n/a |migrant(s)/1,000 population|)) (wfb::infant_mortality_rate senegal (* 73.6 |deaths/1,000 live births|)) (wfb::life_expectancy_at_birth senegal total_population (* 57.16 years)) (wfb::life_expectancy_at_birth senegal male (* 55.65 years)) (wfb::life_expectancy_at_birth senegal female (* 58.71 years)) (wfb::total_fertility_rate senegal (* 6.03 children_born/woman)) (wfb::nationality senegal noun "Senegalese (singular and plural)") (wfb::nationality senegal adjective "Senegalese") (wfb::ethnic-entity senegal wolof-ethnic-entity (* 36 %)) (wfb::ethnic-entity senegal fulani (* 17 %)) (wfb::ethnic-entity senegal serer (* 17 %)) (wfb::ethnic-entity senegal toucouleur (* 9 %)) (wfb::ethnic-entity senegal diola (* 9 %)) (wfb::ethnic-entity senegal mandingo (* 9 %)) (wfb::ethnic-entity senegal european_and_lebanese (* 1 %)) (wfb::religion senegal muslim (* 92 %)) (wfb::religion senegal indigenous_beliefs (* 6 %)) (wfb::religion senegal christian (* 2 %)) (wfb::language senegal french n/a) (wfb::language senegal wolof n/a) (wfb::language senegal pulaar n/a) (wfb::language senegal diola-language-group n/a) (wfb::language senegal mandingo-language-group n/a) (wfb::literacy-condition senegal "age 15 and over can read and write") (wfb::literacy senegal total_population (* 27 %)) (wfb::literacy senegal male (* 37 %)) (wfb::literacy senegal female (* 18 %)) (wfb::labor_force_by_occupation senegal private_sector (* 40 %)) (wfb::labor_force_by_occupation senegal government_and_parapublic (* 60 %)) (wfb::names senegal conventional_long_form "Republic of Senegal") (wfb::names senegal conventional_short_form "Senegal") (wfb::names senegal local_long_form "Republique du Senegal") (wfb::names senegal local_short_form "Senegal") (wfb::digraph senegal "SG") (type senegal "republic under multiparty democratic rule") (wfb::capital senegal dakar-senegal) (wfb::administrative_divisions senegal adm_div_senegal_regions 10) (wfb::administrative_division_of senegal adm_div_senegal_regions "Dakar") (wfb::administrative_division_of senegal adm_div_senegal_regions "Diourbel") (wfb::administrative_division_of senegal adm_div_senegal_regions "Fatick") (wfb::administrative_division_of senegal adm_div_senegal_regions "Kaolack") (wfb::administrative_division_of senegal adm_div_senegal_regions "Kolda") (wfb::administrative_division_of senegal adm_div_senegal_regions "Louga") (wfb::administrative_division_of senegal adm_div_senegal_regions "Saint-Louis") (wfb::administrative_division_of senegal adm_div_senegal_regions "Tambacounda") (wfb::administrative_division_of senegal adm_div_senegal_regions "Thies") (wfb::administrative_division_of senegal adm_div_senegal_regions "Ziguinchor") (wfb::national_holiday senegal "Independence Day" date_4_apr) (wfb::constitution senegal "3 March 1963, revised 1991") (wfb::legal_system senegal "based on French civil law system; judicial review of legislative acts in Supreme Court, which also audits the government's accounting office; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction") (wfb::suffrage senegal (* 18 years_of_age)) (wfb::executive_branch senegal chief_of_state "President Abdou DIOUF " date_1_jan_1981) (wfb::executive_branch senegal head_of_government "Prime Minister Habib THIAM " date_7_apr_1991) (wfb::executive_branch senegal cabinet "Council of Ministers") (wfb::legislative_structure senegal unicameral n/a) (wfb::legislative_branch senegal "National Assembly (Assemblee Nationale)" "elections last held 9 May 1993 (next to be held NA May 1998); results - PS 70%, PDS 23%, other 7%; seats - (120 total) PS 84, PDS 27, LD-MPT 3, Let Us Unite Senegal 3, PIT 2, UDS-R 1") (wfb::judicial_branch senegal "Supreme Court (Cour Supreme)") (wfb::political_parties_and_leaders senegal "Socialist Party (PS), President Abdou DIOUF; Senegalese Democratic Party (PDS), Abdoulaye WADE; Democratic League-Labor Party Movement (LD-MPT), Dr. Abdoulaye BATHILY; Independent Labor Party (PIT), Amath DANSOKHO; Senegalese Democratic Union-Renewal (UDS-R), Mamadou Puritain FALL; Let Us Unite Senegal (coalition of African Party for Democracy and Socialism and National Democratic Rally); other small uninfluential parties") (wfb::other_political_or_pressure_groups senegal "students; teachers; labor; Muslim Brotherhoods") (wfb::member_of senegal acct) (wfb::member_of senegal acp) (wfb::member_of senegal afdb) (wfb::member_of senegal ccc) (wfb::member_of senegal ceao) (wfb::member_of senegal eca) (wfb::member_of senegal ecowas) (wfb::member_of senegal fao) (wfb::member_of senegal fz) (wfb::member_of senegal g-15) (wfb::member_of senegal g-77) (wfb::member_of senegal gatt) (wfb::member_of senegal iaea) (wfb::member_of senegal ibrd) (wfb::member_of senegal icao) (wfb::member_of senegal icc) (wfb::member_of senegal icftu) (wfb::member_of senegal icrm) (wfb::member_of senegal ida) (wfb::member_of senegal idb) (wfb::member_of senegal ifad) (wfb::member_of senegal ifc) (wfb::member_of senegal ifrcs) (wfb::member_of senegal ilo) (wfb::member_of senegal imf) (wfb::member_of senegal imo) (wfb::member_of senegal inmarsat) (wfb::member_of senegal intelsat) (wfb::member_of senegal interpol) (wfb::member_of senegal ioc) (wfb::member_of senegal iom) (wfb::member_of senegal itu) (wfb::member_of senegal nam) (wfb::member_of senegal oau) (wfb::member_of senegal oic) (wfb::member_of senegal pca) (wfb::member_of senegal un) (wfb::member_of senegal unamir) (wfb::member_of senegal unctad) (wfb::member_of senegal unesco) (wfb::member_of senegal unido) (wfb::member_of senegal unikom) (wfb::member_of senegal unmih) (wfb::member_of senegal unomur) (wfb::member_of senegal upu) (wfb::member_of senegal wadb) (wfb::member_of senegal wcl) (wfb::member_of senegal wftu) (wfb::member_of senegal who) (wfb::member_of senegal wipo) (wfb::member_of senegal wmo) (wfb::member_of senegal wto) (wfb::diplomatic_representation_in_us senegal chief_of_mission "Ambassador Mamadou Mansour SECK") (wfb::diplomatic_representation_in_us senegal chancery "2112 Wyoming Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008") (wfb::diplomatic_representation_in_us senegal telephone "[1] (202) 234-0540, 0541") (wfb::us_diplomatic_representation senegal chief_of_mission "Ambassador Mark JOHNSON") (wfb::us_diplomatic_representation senegal embassy "Avenue Jean XXIII at the corner of Avenue Kleber, Dakar") (wfb::us_diplomatic_representation senegal mailing_address "B. P. 49, Dakar") (wfb::us_diplomatic_representation senegal telephone "[221] 23 42 96, 23 34 24") (wfb::us_diplomatic_representation senegal fax "[221] 22 29 91") (wfb::flag senegal "three equal vertical bands of green (hoist side), yellow, and red with a small green five-pointed star centered in the yellow band; uses the popular pan-African colors of Ethiopia") (wfb::overview senegal "In 1994 Senegal embarked on its most concerted structural adjustment effort yet to exploit the 50% devaluation of the currencies of the 14 Francophone African nations on 12 January. After years of foot-dragging, the government finally passed a liberalized labor code which should significantly help lower the cost of labor and improve the manufacturing sector's competitiveness. Inroads also have been made in closing tax loopholes and eliminating monopoly power in several sectors. At the same time the government is holding the line on current fiscal expenditure under the watchful eyes of international organizations on which it depends for substantial support. A bumper peanut crop - Senegal's main source of foreign exchange - coincided with an improvement of international prices and probably resulted in a doubling of earnings in 1994 over 1993. The country's narrow resource base, environmental degradation, and untamed population growth will continue to hold back growth in living standards over the medium term.") (wfb::national_product senegal (* 1.23e+10 $)) (wfb::national_product_real_growth_rate senegal (* -2 %)) (wfb::national_product_per_capita senegal (* 1450 $)) (wfb::|Inflation rate (consumer prices)| senegal "-1.8% (1991 est.)") (wfb::unemployment_rate senegal (* n/a %)) (wfb::budget senegal revenues (* 1.2e+9 $)) (wfb::budget senegal expenditures (* 1.2e+9 $)) (wfb::budget senegal capital_expenditures (* 2.69e+8 $)) (wfb::exports senegal (* 9.04e+8 $)) (wfb::exports senegal commodities fish-commodity n/a) (wfb::exports senegal commodities ground_nuts n/a) (wfb::exports senegal commodities petroleum_products-commodity n/a) (wfb::exports senegal commodities phosphates-commodity n/a) (wfb::exports senegal commodities cotton n/a) (wfb::exports senegal partners france n/a) (wfb::exports senegal partners |Cote d'Ivoire| n/a) (wfb::exports senegal partners mali n/a) (wfb::imports senegal (* 1.2e+9 $)) (wfb::imports senegal commodities foods_and_beverages n/a) (wfb::imports senegal commodities consumer_goods n/a) (wfb::imports senegal commodities capital_goods n/a) (wfb::imports senegal commodities petroleum-commodity n/a) (wfb::imports senegal partners france n/a) (wfb::imports senegal partners nigeria n/a) (wfb::imports senegal partners |Cote d'Ivoire| n/a) (wfb::imports senegal partners algeria n/a) (wfb::imports senegal partners china n/a) (wfb::imports senegal partners japan n/a) (wfb::external_debt senegal (* 2.9e+9 $)) (wfb::industrial_production senegal growth_rate (* 1.9 %)) (wfb::industrial_production senegal accounts_for (* 15 %_of_gdp)) (wfb::electricity senegal capacity (* 230000 kw)) (wfb::electricity senegal production (* 7.2e+8 kwh)) (wfb::electricity senegal consumption_per_capita (* 79 kwh)) (wfb::industry senegal agricultural_and_fish_processing) (wfb::industry senegal phosphate_mining) (wfb::industry senegal petroleum_refining) (wfb::industry senegal building_materials-industry) (wfb::agriculture senegal "accounts for 20% of GDP; major products - peanuts (cash crop), millet, corn, sorghum, rice, cotton, tomatoes, green vegetables; estimated two-thirds self-sufficient in food; fish catch of 354,000 metric tons in 1990") (wfb::illicit_drugs senegal "transshipment point for Southwest and Southeast Asian heroin moving to Europe and North America") (wfb::economic_aid senegal recipient "US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-89), $551 million; Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-89), $5.23 billion; OPEC bilateral aid (1979-89), $589 million; Communist countries (1970-89), $295 million") (wfb::currency senegal cfa_franc 100 centimes) (wfb::exchange_rates senegal "Communaute Financiere Africaine francs (CFAF) per US$1 - 529.43 (January 1995), 555.20 (1994), 283.16 (1993), 264.69 (1992), 282.11 (1991), 272.26 (1990)") (wfb::fiscal_year senegal date_1_jan date_31_dec) (wfb::railroads senegal total "905 km") (wfb::railroads senegal narrow_gauge "905 km 1.000-meter gauge (70 km double track)") (wfb::highways senegal total (* 14007 km)) (wfb::highways senegal paved (* 3777 km)) (wfb::highways senegal (union crushed_stone improved_earth) (* 10230 km)) (wfb::inland_waterways senegal "897 km total; 785 km on the Senegal, 112 km on the Saloum") (wfb::port senegal dakar-senegal) (wfb::port senegal kaolack-senegal) (wfb::port senegal matam-senegal) (wfb::port senegal podor-senegal) (wfb::port senegal richard-toll-senegal) (wfb::port senegal saint-louis-senegal) (wfb::port senegal ziguinchor-senegal) (wfb::merchant_marine senegal total "1 bulk ship (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 1,995 GRT/3,775 DWT") (wfb::airports senegal total 24) (wfb::airports senegal |with paved runways over 3,047 m| 1) (wfb::airports senegal |with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m| 9) (wfb::airports senegal |with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m| 1) (wfb::airports senegal with_paved_runways_under_914_m 2) (wfb::airports senegal |with unpaved runways 1,524 to 2,438 m| 4) (wfb::airports senegal |with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m| 7) (wfb::telephone_system senegal "NA telephones; above-average urban system") (wfb::telephone_system senegal local "NA") (wfb::telephone_system senegal intercity "microwave and cable") (wfb::telephone_system senegal international "3 submarine cables; 1 INTELSAT (Atlantic Ocean) earth station") (wfb::radio senegal broadcast_stations am 8) (wfb::radio senegal broadcast_stations fm 0) (wfb::radio senegal broadcast_stations shortwave 0) (wfb::radio senegal radios n/a) (wfb::television senegal broadcast_stations 1) (wfb::television senegal televisions n/a) (wfb::defense_branch senegal army_senegal) (wfb::defense_branch senegal navy_senegal) (wfb::defense_branch senegal air_force_senegal) (wfb::defense_branch senegal national_gendarmerie_senegal) (wfb::defense_branch senegal national_police_senegal) (wfb::manpower_availability senegal "males age 15-49 2,021,019; males fit for military service 1,054,855; males reach military age (18) annually 96,589 (1995 est.)") (wfb::defense_expenditures senegal (* 1.34e+8 $)) (wfb::defense_expenditures senegal (* 2.1 %_of_gdp)))) (seychelles ((wfb::location seychelles "Eastern Africa, group of islands in the Indian Ocean, northeast of Madagascar") (wfb::map_references seychelles "Africa") (wfb::area seychelles total_area (* 455 sq_km)) (wfb::area seychelles land_area (* 455 sq_km)) (wfb::area seychelles comparative_area "slightly more than 2.5 times the size of Washington, DC") (wfb::coastline seychelles (* 491 km)) (wfb::maritime_claims seychelles exclusive_economic_zone (* 200 nm)) (wfb::maritime_claims seychelles territorial_sea (* 12 nm)) (wfb::international_disputes seychelles "claims Tromelin Island") (wfb::climate seychelles "tropical marine") (wfb::climate seychelles "humid") (wfb::climate seychelles "cooler season during southeast monsoon (late May to September)") (wfb::climate seychelles "warmer season during northwest monsoon (March to May)") (wfb::terrain seychelles "Mahe Group is granitic, narrow coastal strip, rocky, hilly") (wfb::terrain seychelles "others are coral, flat, elevated reefs") (wfb::natural-resource seychelles fish) (wfb::natural-resource seychelles copra-natural-resource) (wfb::natural-resource seychelles cinnamon_trees) (wfb::land_use seychelles arable_land (* 4 %)) (wfb::land_use seychelles permanent_crops (* 18 %)) (wfb::land_use seychelles meadows_and_pastures (* 0 %)) (wfb::land_use seychelles forest_and_woodland (* 18 %)) (wfb::land_use seychelles other (* 60 %)) (wfb::irrigated_land seychelles (* n/a sq_km)) (wfb::environment seychelles current_issues "no natural fresh water resources, catchments collect rain water") (wfb::environment seychelles natural_hazards "lies outside the cyclone belt, so severe storms are rare") (wfb::environment seychelles natural_hazards "short droughts possible") (wfb::environment seychelles international_agreements "party to - Biodiversity, Climate Change, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Whaling") (wfb::environment seychelles international_agreements "signed, but not ratified - Desertification") (wfb::note seychelles "40 granitic and about 50 coralline islands") (wfb::population seychelles 72709) (wfb::age_structure seychelles 0-14_years (* 32 %)) (wfb::age_structure_by_sex seychelles 0-14_years female 11630) (wfb::age_structure_by_sex seychelles 0-14_years male 11811) (wfb::age_structure seychelles 15-64_years (* 62 %)) (wfb::age_structure_by_sex seychelles 15-64_years female 23229) (wfb::age_structure_by_sex seychelles 15-64_years male 21679) (wfb::age_structure seychelles 65_years_and_over (* 6 %)) (wfb::age_structure_by_sex seychelles 65_years_and_over female 2875) (wfb::age_structure_by_sex seychelles 65_years_and_over male 1485) (wfb::population_growth_rate seychelles (* 0.81 %)) (wfb::birth_rate seychelles (* 21.35 |births/1,000 population|)) (wfb::death_rate seychelles (* 6.7 |deaths/1,000 population|)) (wfb::net_migration_rate seychelles (* -6.6 |migrant(s)/1,000 population|)) (wfb::infant_mortality_rate seychelles (* 11.4 |deaths/1,000 live births|)) (wfb::life_expectancy_at_birth seychelles total_population (* 70.08 years)) (wfb::life_expectancy_at_birth seychelles male (* 66.54 years)) (wfb::life_expectancy_at_birth seychelles female (* 73.73 years)) (wfb::total_fertility_rate seychelles (* 2.16 children_born/woman)) (wfb::nationality seychelles noun "Seychellois (singular and plural)") (wfb::nationality seychelles adjective "Seychelles") (wfb::ethnic-entity seychelles seychellois n/a) (wfb::religion seychelles roman_catholic (* 90 %)) (wfb::religion seychelles anglican (* 8 %)) (wfb::language seychelles english n/a) (wfb::language seychelles french n/a) (wfb::language seychelles creole n/a) (wfb::literacy-condition seychelles "age 15 and over can read and write") (wfb::literacy seychelles total_population (* 58 %)) (wfb::literacy seychelles male (* 56 %)) (wfb::literacy seychelles female (* 60 %)) (wfb::total_labor_force seychelles 27700) (wfb::labor_force_by_occupation seychelles industry_and_commerce (* 31 %)) (wfb::labor_force_by_occupation seychelles services (* 21 %)) (wfb::labor_force_by_occupation seychelles government (* 20 %)) (wfb::labor_force_by_occupation seychelles agriculture n/a) (wfb::labor_force_by_occupation seychelles forestry n/a) (wfb::labor_force_by_occupation seychelles fishing-occupation-type (* 12 %)) (wfb::names seychelles conventional_long_form "Republic of Seychelles") (wfb::names seychelles conventional_short_form "Seychelles") (wfb::digraph seychelles "SE") (type seychelles "republic") (wfb::capital seychelles victoria-seychelles) (wfb::administrative_divisions seychelles adm_div_seychelles_administrative_districts 23) (wfb::administrative_division_of seychelles adm_div_seychelles_administrative_districts "Anse aux Pins") (wfb::administrative_division_of seychelles adm_div_seychelles_administrative_districts "Anse Boileau") (wfb::administrative_division_of seychelles adm_div_seychelles_administrative_districts "Anse Etoile") (wfb::administrative_division_of seychelles adm_div_seychelles_administrative_districts "Anse Louis") (wfb::administrative_division_of seychelles adm_div_seychelles_administrative_districts "Anse Royale") (wfb::administrative_division_of seychelles adm_div_seychelles_administrative_districts "Baie Lazare") (wfb::administrative_division_of seychelles adm_div_seychelles_administrative_districts "Baie Sainte Anne") (wfb::administrative_division_of seychelles adm_div_seychelles_administrative_districts "Beau Vallon") (wfb::administrative_division_of seychelles adm_div_seychelles_administrative_districts "Bel Air") (wfb::administrative_division_of seychelles adm_div_seychelles_administrative_districts "Bel Ombre") (wfb::administrative_division_of seychelles adm_div_seychelles_administrative_districts "Cascade") (wfb::administrative_division_of seychelles adm_div_seychelles_administrative_districts "Glacis") (wfb::administrative_division_of seychelles adm_div_seychelles_administrative_districts "Grand' Anse (on Mahe Island)") (wfb::administrative_division_of seychelles adm_div_seychelles_administrative_districts "Grand' Anse (on Praslin Island)") (wfb::administrative_division_of seychelles adm_div_seychelles_administrative_districts "La Digue") (wfb::administrative_division_of seychelles adm_div_seychelles_administrative_districts "La Riviere Anglaise") (wfb::administrative_division_of seychelles adm_div_seychelles_administrative_districts "Mont Buxton") (wfb::administrative_division_of seychelles adm_div_seychelles_administrative_districts "Mont Fleuri") (wfb::administrative_division_of seychelles adm_div_seychelles_administrative_districts "Plaisance") (wfb::administrative_division_of seychelles adm_div_seychelles_administrative_districts "Pointe Larue") (wfb::administrative_division_of seychelles adm_div_seychelles_administrative_districts "Port Glaud") (wfb::administrative_division_of seychelles adm_div_seychelles_administrative_districts "Saint Louis") (wfb::administrative_division_of seychelles adm_div_seychelles_administrative_districts "Takamaka") (wfb::independence seychelles date_29_jun_1976 "UK") (wfb::national_holiday seychelles "National Day" date_18_jun) (wfb::constitution seychelles "18 June 1993") (wfb::legal_system seychelles "based on English common law, French civil law, and customary law") (wfb::suffrage seychelles (* 17 years_of_age)) (wfb::executive_branch seychelles chief_of_state "President France Albert RENE " date_5_jun_1977) (wfb::executive_branch seychelles head_of_government "President France Albert RENE " date_5_jun_1977) (wfb::executive_branch seychelles cabinet "Council of Ministers") (wfb::legislative_structure seychelles unicameral n/a) (wfb::legislative_branch seychelles "People's Assembly (Assemblee du Peuple)" "elections last held 20-23 July 1993 (next to be held NA); results - SPPF 82%, DP 15%, UO 3%; seats - (33 total, 22 elected, 11 awarded) seats elected - SPPF 21, DP 1; seats awarded - SPPF 6, DP 4, UO 1; total seats by party - SPPF 27, DP 5, UO 1") (wfb::judicial_branch seychelles "Court of Appeal, Supreme Court") (wfb::political_parties_and_leaders seychelles "ruling party - Seychelles People's Progressive Front (SPPF), France Albert RENE; Democratic Party (DP), Sir James MANCHAM; United Opposition (UO), Annette GEORGES - a coalition of the following parties: Seychelles Party (PS), Wavel RAMKALAWAN; Seychelles Democratic Movement (MSPD), Jacques HONDOUL; Seychelles Liberal Party (SLP), Ogilvie BERLOUIS;;") (wfb::other_political_or_pressure_groups seychelles "trade unions; Roman Catholic Church") (wfb::member_of seychelles acct) (wfb::member_of seychelles acp) (wfb::member_of seychelles afdb) (wfb::member_of seychelles c) (wfb::member_of seychelles eca) (wfb::member_of seychelles fao) (wfb::member_of seychelles g-77) (wfb::member_of seychelles ibrd) (wfb::member_of seychelles icao) (wfb::member_of seychelles icftu) (wfb::member_of seychelles icrm) (wfb::member_of seychelles ifad) (wfb::member_of seychelles ifc) (wfb::member_of seychelles ifrcs) (wfb::member_of seychelles ilo) (wfb::member_of seychelles imf) (wfb::member_of seychelles imo) (wfb::member_of seychelles intelsat) (wfb::member_of seychelles interpol) (wfb::member_of seychelles ioc) (wfb::member_of seychelles nam) (wfb::member_of seychelles oau) (wfb::member_of seychelles un) (wfb::member_of seychelles unctad) (wfb::member_of seychelles unesco) (wfb::member_of seychelles unido) (wfb::member_of seychelles upu) (wfb::member_of seychelles wcl) (wfb::member_of seychelles who) (wfb::member_of seychelles wmo) (wfb::member_of seychelles wto) (wfb::diplomatic_representation_in_us seychelles chief_of_mission "Ambassador Marc R. MARENGO") (wfb::diplomatic_representation_in_us seychelles chancery "(temporary) 820 Second Avenue, Suite 900F, New York, NY 10017") (wfb::diplomatic_representation_in_us seychelles telephone "[1] (212) 687-9766, 9767") (wfb::diplomatic_representation_in_us seychelles fax "[1] (212) 922-9177") (wfb::us_diplomatic_representation seychelles chief_of_mission "Ambassador Carl Burton STOKES") (wfb::us_diplomatic_representation seychelles embassy "4th Floor, Victoria House, Box 251, Victoria, Mahe") (wfb::us_diplomatic_representation seychelles mailing_address "Box 148, Unit 62501, Victoria, Seychelles; APO AE 09815-2501") (wfb::us_diplomatic_representation seychelles telephone "[248] 225256") (wfb::us_diplomatic_representation seychelles fax "[248] 225189") (wfb::flag seychelles "three horizontal bands of red (top), white (wavy), and green; the white band is the thinnest, the red band is the thickest") (wfb::overview seychelles "Since independence in 1976, per capita output has grown to roughly seven times the old near-subsistence level, led by the tourist sector, which employs about 30% of the labor force and provides more than 70% of hard currency earnings. In recent years the government has encouraged foreign investment in order to upgrade hotels and other services. At the same time, the government has moved to reduce the high dependence on tourism by promoting the development of farming, fishing, and small-scale manufacturing. The vulnerability of the tourist sector was illustrated by the sharp drop in 1991-92 due largely to the Gulf war. Although the industry has rebounded, the government recognizes the continuing need for upgrading the sector in the face of stiff international competition.") (wfb::national_product seychelles (* 4.3e+8 $)) (wfb::national_product_real_growth_rate seychelles (* -2 %)) (wfb::national_product_per_capita seychelles (* 6000 $)) (wfb::|Inflation rate (consumer prices)| seychelles "3.9% (1993 est.)") (wfb::unemployment_rate seychelles (* 9 %)) (wfb::budget seychelles revenues (* 2.274e+8 $)) (wfb::budget seychelles expenditures (* 2.63e+8 $)) (wfb::budget seychelles capital_expenditures (* 5.4e+7 $)) (wfb::exports seychelles (* 5.0e+7 $)) (wfb::exports seychelles commodities fish-commodity n/a) (wfb::exports seychelles commodities cinnamon_bark n/a) (wfb::exports seychelles commodities copra n/a) (wfb::exports seychelles commodities petroleum_products-commodity n/a) (wfb::exports seychelles partners france (* 43 %)) (wfb::exports seychelles partners uk (* 22 %)) (wfb::exports seychelles partners reunion (* 11 |%,|)) (wfb::imports seychelles (* 2.61e+8 $)) (wfb::imports seychelles commodities manufactured_goods n/a) (wfb::imports seychelles commodities food n/a) (wfb::imports seychelles commodities petroleum_products-commodity n/a) (wfb::imports seychelles commodities tobacco n/a) (wfb::imports seychelles commodities beverages n/a) (wfb::imports seychelles commodities machinery_and_transportation_equipment n/a) (wfb::imports seychelles partners singapore (* 16 %)) (wfb::imports seychelles partners bahrain (* 16 %)) (wfb::external_debt seychelles (* 1.81e+8 $)) (wfb::industrial_production seychelles growth_rate (* 4 %)) (wfb::industrial_production seychelles accounts_for (* 12 %_of_gdp)) (wfb::electricity seychelles capacity (* 30000 kw)) (wfb::electricity seychelles production (* 1.1e+8 kwh)) (wfb::electricity seychelles consumption_per_capita (* 1399 kwh)) (wfb::industry seychelles tourism) (wfb::industry seychelles processing_of_coconut_and_vanilla) (wfb::industry seychelles fishing-industry) (wfb::industry seychelles coir_rope_factory) (wfb::industry seychelles boat_building) (wfb::industry seychelles printing) (wfb::industry seychelles furniture) (wfb::industry seychelles beverage) (wfb::agriculture seychelles "accounts for 5% of GDP, mostly subsistence farming; cash crops - coconuts, cinnamon, vanilla; other products - sweet potatoes, cassava, bananas; broiler chickens; large share of food needs imported; expansion of tuna fishing under way") (wfb::economic_aid seychelles recipient "US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY78-89), $26 million; Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1978-89), $315 million; OPEC bilateral aid (1979-89), $5 million; Communist countries (1970-89), $60 million") (wfb::currency seychelles seychelles_rupee 100 cents) (wfb::exchange_rates seychelles "Seychelles rupees (SRe) per US$1 - 4.9371 (January 1995), 5.0559 (1994), 5.1815 (1993), 5.1220 (1992), 5.2893 (1991), 5.3369 (1990)") (wfb::fiscal_year seychelles date_1_jan date_31_dec) (wfb::railroads seychelles "0 km") (wfb::highways seychelles total (* 260 km)) (wfb::highways seychelles paved (* 160 km)) (wfb::highways seychelles (union crushed_stone earth) (* 100 km)) (wfb::port seychelles victoria-seychelles) (wfb::merchant_marine seychelles "none") (wfb::airports seychelles total 14) (wfb::airports seychelles |with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m| 1) (wfb::airports seychelles |with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m| 5) (wfb::airports seychelles with_paved_runways_under_914_m 6) (wfb::airports seychelles |with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m| 2) (wfb::telephone_system seychelles "13,000 telephones; direct radio communications with adjacent islands and African coastal countries") (wfb::telephone_system seychelles local "NA") (wfb::telephone_system seychelles intercity "radio communications") (wfb::telephone_system seychelles international "1 INTELSAT (Indian Ocean) earth station") (wfb::radio seychelles broadcast_stations am 2) (wfb::radio seychelles broadcast_stations fm 0) (wfb::radio seychelles broadcast_stations shortwave 0) (wfb::radio seychelles radios n/a) (wfb::television seychelles broadcast_stations 2) (wfb::television seychelles televisions n/a) (wfb::defense_branch seychelles army_seychelles) (wfb::defense_branch seychelles coast_guard_seychelles) (wfb::defense_branch seychelles marines_seychelles) (wfb::defense_branch seychelles national_guard_seychelles) (wfb::defense_branch seychelles presidential_protection_unit_seychelles) (wfb::defense_branch seychelles police_force_seychelles) (wfb::manpower_availability seychelles "males age 15-49 19,829; males fit for military service 10,099 (1995 est.)") (wfb::defense_expenditures seychelles (* 1.2e+7 $)) (wfb::defense_expenditures seychelles (* 4 %_of_gdp)))) (sierra_leone ((wfb::location sierra_leone "Western Africa, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean, between Guinea and Liberia") (wfb::map_references sierra_leone "Africa") (wfb::area sierra_leone total_area (* 71740 sq_km)) (wfb::area sierra_leone land_area (* 71620 sq_km)) (wfb::area sierra_leone comparative_area "slightly smaller than South Carolina") (wfb::borders sierra_leone total (* 958 km)) (wfb::borders sierra_leone guinea (* 652 km)) (wfb::borders sierra_leone liberia (* 306 km)) (wfb::coastline sierra_leone (* 402 km)) (wfb::maritime_claims sierra_leone territorial_sea (* 200 nm)) (wfb::international_disputes sierra_leone "none") (wfb::climate sierra_leone "tropical") (wfb::climate sierra_leone "hot, humid") (wfb::climate sierra_leone "summer rainy season (May to December)") (wfb::climate sierra_leone "winter dry season (December to April)") (wfb::terrain sierra_leone "coastal belt of mangrove swamps, wooded hill country, upland plateau, mountains in east") (wfb::natural-resource sierra_leone diamonds) (wfb::natural-resource sierra_leone titanium_ore) (wfb::natural-resource sierra_leone bauxite) (wfb::natural-resource sierra_leone iron_ore) (wfb::natural-resource sierra_leone gold) (wfb::natural-resource sierra_leone chromite) (wfb::land_use sierra_leone arable_land (* 25 %)) (wfb::land_use sierra_leone permanent_crops (* 2 %)) (wfb::land_use sierra_leone meadows_and_pastures (* 31 %)) (wfb::land_use sierra_leone forest_and_woodland (* 29 %)) (wfb::land_use sierra_leone other (* 13 %)) (wfb::irrigated_land sierra_leone (* 340 sq_km)) (wfb::environment sierra_leone current_issues "rapid population growth pressuring the environment") (wfb::environment sierra_leone current_issues "overharvesting of timber, expansion of cattle grazing, and slash-and-burn agriculture have resulted in deforestation and soil exhaustion") (wfb::environment sierra_leone current_issues "civil war depleting natural resources") (wfb::environment sierra_leone current_issues "overfishing") (wfb::environment sierra_leone natural_hazards "dry, sand-laden harmattan winds blow from the Sahara (November to May)") (wfb::environment sierra_leone natural_hazards "sandstorms, dust storms") (wfb::environment sierra_leone international_agreements "party to - Biodiversity, Endangered Species, Law of the Sea, Marine Life Conservation, Nuclear Test Ban") (wfb::environment sierra_leone international_agreements "signed, but not ratified - Climate Change, Environmental Modification") (wfb::population sierra_leone 4753120) (wfb::age_structure sierra_leone 0-14_years (* 44 %)) (wfb::age_structure_by_sex sierra_leone 0-14_years female 1054826) (wfb::age_structure_by_sex sierra_leone 0-14_years male 1020943) (wfb::age_structure sierra_leone 15-64_years (* 53 %)) (wfb::age_structure_by_sex sierra_leone 15-64_years female 1310506) (wfb::age_structure_by_sex sierra_leone 15-64_years male 1216510) (wfb::age_structure sierra_leone 65_years_and_over (* 3 %)) (wfb::age_structure_by_sex sierra_leone 65_years_and_over female 72982) (wfb::age_structure_by_sex sierra_leone 65_years_and_over male 77353) (wfb::population_growth_rate sierra_leone (* 2.63 %)) (wfb::birth_rate sierra_leone (* 44.65 |births/1,000 population|)) (wfb::death_rate sierra_leone (* 18.38 |deaths/1,000 population|)) (wfb::net_migration_rate sierra_leone (* n/a |migrant(s)/1,000 population|)) (wfb::infant_mortality_rate sierra_leone (* 138.8 |deaths/1,000 live births|)) (wfb::life_expectancy_at_birth sierra_leone total_population (* 46.94 years)) (wfb::life_expectancy_at_birth sierra_leone male (* 44.07 years)) (wfb::life_expectancy_at_birth sierra_leone female (* 49.89 years)) (wfb::total_fertility_rate sierra_leone (* 5.9 children_born/woman)) (wfb::nationality sierra_leone noun "Sierra Leonean(s)") (wfb::nationality sierra_leone adjective "Sierra Leonean") (wfb::ethnic-entity sierra_leone 13_native_african_tribes (* 99 %)) (wfb::ethnic-entity sierra_leone union19 (* 1 %)) (wfb::religion sierra_leone muslim (* 60 %)) (wfb::religion sierra_leone indigenous_beliefs (* 30 %)) (wfb::religion sierra_leone christian (* 10 %)) (wfb::language sierra_leone english n/a) (wfb::language sierra_leone mende n/a) (wfb::language sierra_leone temne n/a) (wfb::language sierra_leone krio n/a) (wfb::literacy-condition sierra_leone "age 15 and over can read and write English, Mende, Temne, or Arabic") (wfb::literacy sierra_leone total_population (* 21 %)) (wfb::literacy sierra_leone male (* 31 %)) (wfb::literacy sierra_leone female (* 11 %)) (wfb::total_labor_force sierra_leone 1369000.0) (wfb::labor_force_by_occupation sierra_leone agriculture (* 65 %)) (wfb::labor_force_by_occupation sierra_leone industry (* 19 %)) (wfb::labor_force_by_occupation sierra_leone services (* 16 %)) (wfb::names sierra_leone conventional_long_form "Republic of Sierra Leone") (wfb::names sierra_leone conventional_short_form "Sierra Leone") (wfb::digraph sierra_leone "SL") (type sierra_leone "military government") (wfb::capital sierra_leone freetown-sierra_leone) (wfb::administrative_divisions sierra_leone adm_div_sierra_leone_provinces 3) (wfb::administrative_divisions sierra_leone adm_div_sierra_leone_area 1) (wfb::administrative_division_of sierra_leone adm_div_sierra_leone_provinces "Eastern") (wfb::administrative_division_of sierra_leone adm_div_sierra_leone_provinces "Northern") (wfb::administrative_division_of sierra_leone adm_div_sierra_leone_provinces "Southern") (wfb::administrative_division_of sierra_leone adm_div_sierra_leone_area "Western") (wfb::independence sierra_leone date_27_apr_1961 "UK") (wfb::national_holiday sierra_leone "Republic Day" date_27_apr) (wfb::constitution sierra_leone "1 October 1991; suspended following 19 April 1992 coup") (wfb::legal_system sierra_leone "based on English law and customary laws indigenous to local tribes; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction") (wfb::suffrage sierra_leone (* 18 years_of_age)) (wfb::executive_branch sierra_leone chief_of_state "Chairman of the Supreme Council of State Capt. Valentine E. M. STRASSER " date_29_apr_1992) (wfb::executive_branch sierra_leone head_of_government "Chairman of the Supreme Council of State Capt. Valentine E. M. STRASSER " date_29_apr_1992) (wfb::executive_branch sierra_leone cabinet "Council of Secretaries") (wfb::judicial_branch sierra_leone "Supreme Court (suspended after coup of 29 April 1992)") (wfb::political_parties_and_leaders sierra_leone "status of existing political parties is unknown following 29 April 1992 coup") (wfb::member_of sierra_leone acp) (wfb::member_of sierra_leone afdb) (wfb::member_of sierra_leone c) (wfb::member_of sierra_leone ccc) (wfb::member_of sierra_leone eca) (wfb::member_of sierra_leone ecowas) (wfb::member_of sierra_leone fao) (wfb::member_of sierra_leone g-77) (wfb::member_of sierra_leone gatt) (wfb::member_of sierra_leone iaea) (wfb::member_of sierra_leone ibrd) (wfb::member_of sierra_leone icao) (wfb::member_of sierra_leone icftu) (wfb::member_of sierra_leone icrm) (wfb::member_of sierra_leone ida) (wfb::member_of sierra_leone idb) (wfb::member_of sierra_leone ifad) (wfb::member_of sierra_leone ifc) (wfb::member_of sierra_leone ifrcs) (wfb::member_of sierra_leone ilo) (wfb::member_of sierra_leone imf) (wfb::member_of sierra_leone imo) (wfb::member_of sierra_leone intelsat) (wfb::member_of sierra_leone interpol) (wfb::member_of sierra_leone ioc) (wfb::member_of sierra_leone itu) (wfb::member_of sierra_leone nam) (wfb::member_of sierra_leone oau) (wfb::member_of sierra_leone oic) (wfb::member_of sierra_leone un) (wfb::member_of sierra_leone unctad) (wfb::member_of sierra_leone unesco) (wfb::member_of sierra_leone unido) (wfb::member_of sierra_leone upu) (wfb::member_of sierra_leone wcl) (wfb::member_of sierra_leone wftu) (wfb::member_of sierra_leone who) (wfb::member_of sierra_leone wipo) (wfb::member_of sierra_leone wmo) (wfb::member_of sierra_leone wto) (wfb::diplomatic_representation_in_us sierra_leone chief_of_mission "Ambassador Thomas Kahota KARGBO") (wfb::diplomatic_representation_in_us sierra_leone chancery "1701 19th Street NW, Washington, DC 20009") (wfb::diplomatic_representation_in_us sierra_leone telephone "[1] (202) 939-9261") (wfb::us_diplomatic_representation sierra_leone chief_of_mission "Ambassador Lauralee M. PETERS") (wfb::us_diplomatic_representation sierra_leone embassy "Corner of Walpole and Siaka Stevens Streets, Freetown") (wfb::us_diplomatic_representation sierra_leone mailing_address "use embassy street address") (wfb::us_diplomatic_representation sierra_leone telephone "[232] (22) 226481 trough 226485") (wfb::us_diplomatic_representation sierra_leone fax "[232] (22) 225471") (wfb::flag sierra_leone "three equal horizontal bands of light green (top), white, and light blue") (wfb::overview sierra_leone "Sierra Leone has substantial mineral, agricultural, and fishery resources, but the economic and social infrastructure is not well developed. Agriculture generates about 40% of GDP and employs about two-thirds of the working population, with subsistence agriculture dominating the sector. Manufacturing, which accounts for roughly 10% of GDP, consists mainly of the processing of raw materials and of light manufacturing for the domestic market. Diamond mining provides an important source of hard currency. Since 1990, the government has been able to meet its IMF- and World Bank-mandated stabilization targets, holding down fiscal deficits, increasing foreign exchange reserves, and retiring much of its domestic debt - but at a steep cost in terms of capital investments and social spending. Moreover, the economic infrastructure has nearly collapsed due to neglect and war-related disruptions in the mining and agricultural export sectors. The continuing civil war in Liberia has led to a large influx of refugees, who place additional burdens on Sierra Leon's fragile economy.") (wfb::national_product sierra_leone (* 4.4999997e+9 $)) (wfb::national_product_real_growth_rate sierra_leone (* 0.7 %)) (wfb::national_product_per_capita sierra_leone (* 1000 $)) (wfb::|Inflation rate (consumer prices)| sierra_leone "22% (1993 est.)") (wfb::unemployment_rate sierra_leone (* n/a %)) (wfb::budget sierra_leone revenues (* 6.8e+7 $)) (wfb::budget sierra_leone expenditures (* 1.18e+8 $)) (wfb::budget sierra_leone capital_expenditures (* 2.8e+7 $)) (wfb::exports sierra_leone (* 1.49e+8 $)) (wfb::exports sierra_leone commodities rutile (* 48 %)) (wfb::exports sierra_leone commodities bauxite-commodity (* 25 %)) (wfb::exports sierra_leone commodities diamonds-commodity (* 16 %)) (wfb::exports sierra_leone commodities coffee n/a) (wfb::exports sierra_leone commodities cocoa n/a) (wfb::exports sierra_leone commodities fish-commodity n/a) (wfb::exports sierra_leone partners us n/a) (wfb::exports sierra_leone partners uk n/a) (wfb::exports sierra_leone partners belgium n/a) (wfb::exports sierra_leone partners germany n/a) (wfb::imports sierra_leone (* 1.49e+8 $)) (wfb::imports sierra_leone commodities foodstuffs (* 48 %)) (wfb::imports sierra_leone commodities machinery_and_equipment (* 32 %)) (wfb::imports sierra_leone commodities fuels (* 9 %)) (wfb::imports sierra_leone partners us n/a) (wfb::imports sierra_leone partners ec_countries n/a) (wfb::imports sierra_leone partners japan n/a) (wfb::imports sierra_leone partners china n/a) (wfb::imports sierra_leone partners nigeria n/a) (wfb::industrial_production sierra_leone growth_rate (* -1.5 %)) (wfb::industrial_production sierra_leone accounts_for (* 11 %_of_gdp)) (wfb::electricity sierra_leone capacity (* 130000 kw)) (wfb::electricity sierra_leone production (* 2.2e+8 kwh)) (wfb::electricity sierra_leone consumption_per_capita (* 44 kwh)) (wfb::industry sierra_leone |mining (diamonds, bauxite, rutile)|) (wfb::industry sierra_leone |small-scale manufacturing (beverages, textiles, cigarettes, footwear)|) (wfb::industry sierra_leone petroleum_refinery) (wfb::agriculture sierra_leone "largely subsistence farming; cash crops - coffee, cocoa, palm kernels; harvests of food staple rice meets 80% of domestic needs; annual fish catch averages 53,000 metric tons") (wfb::economic_aid sierra_leone recipient "US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-89), $161 million; Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-89), $848 million; OPEC bilateral aid (1979-89), $18 million; Communist countries (1970-89), $101 million") (wfb::currency sierra_leone leone 100 cents) (wfb::exchange_rates sierra_leone "leones (Le) per US$1 - 617.67 (January 1995), 586.74 (1994), 567.46 (1993), 499.44 (1992), 295.34 (1991), 144.9275 (1990)") (wfb::fiscal_year sierra_leone date_1_jul date_30_jun) (wfb::railroads sierra_leone total "84 km mineral line is used on a limited basis because the mine at Marampa is closed") (wfb::railroads sierra_leone narrow_gauge "84 km 1.067-m gauge") (wfb::highways sierra_leone total (* 7400 km)) (wfb::highways sierra_leone paved (* 1150 km)) (wfb::highways sierra_leone (union crushed_stone gravel) (* 490 km)) (wfb::highways sierra_leone improved_earth (* 5760 km)) (wfb::inland_waterways sierra_leone "800 km; 600 km navigable year round") (wfb::port sierra_leone bonthe-sierra_leone) (wfb::port sierra_leone freetown-sierra_leone) (wfb::port sierra_leone pepel-sierra_leone) (wfb::merchant_marine sierra_leone "none") (wfb::airports sierra_leone total 11) (wfb::airports sierra_leone |with paved runways over 3,047 m| 1) (wfb::airports sierra_leone |with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m| 3) (wfb::airports sierra_leone with_paved_runways_under_914_m 3) (wfb::airports sierra_leone |with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m| 4) (wfb::telephone_system sierra_leone "23,650 telephones; telephone density - 5 telephones/1,000 persons; marginal telephone and telegraph service") (wfb::telephone_system sierra_leone local "NA") (wfb::telephone_system sierra_leone intercity "national microwave radio relay system made unserviceable by military activities") (wfb::telephone_system sierra_leone international "1 INTELSAT (Atlantic Ocean) earth station") (wfb::radio sierra_leone broadcast_stations am 1) (wfb::radio sierra_leone broadcast_stations fm 1) (wfb::radio sierra_leone broadcast_stations shortwave 0) (wfb::radio sierra_leone radios n/a) (wfb::television sierra_leone broadcast_stations 1) (wfb::television sierra_leone televisions n/a) (wfb::defense_branch sierra_leone army_sierra_leone) (wfb::defense_branch sierra_leone navy_sierra_leone) (wfb::defense_branch sierra_leone police_sierra_leone) (wfb::defense_branch sierra_leone security_forces_sierra_leone) (wfb::manpower_availability sierra_leone "males age 15-49 1,030,332; males fit for military service 498,945 (1995 est.)") (wfb::defense_expenditures sierra_leone (* 1.4e+7 $)) (wfb::defense_expenditures sierra_leone (* 2.6 %_of_gdp)))) (somalia ((wfb::location somalia "Eastern Africa, bordering the Gulf of Aden and the Indian Ocean, east of Ethiopia") (wfb::map_references somalia "Africa") (wfb::area somalia total_area (* 637660 sq_km)) (wfb::area somalia land_area (* 627340 sq_km)) (wfb::area somalia comparative_area "slightly smaller than Texas") (wfb::borders somalia total (* 2366 km)) (wfb::borders somalia djibouti (* 58 km)) (wfb::borders somalia ethiopia (* 1626 km)) (wfb::borders somalia kenya (* 682 km)) (wfb::coastline somalia (* 3025 km)) (wfb::maritime_claims somalia territorial_sea (* 200 nm)) (wfb::international_disputes somalia "southern half of boundary with Ethiopia is a Provisional Administrative Line") (wfb::international_disputes somalia "territorial dispute with Ethiopia over the Ogaden") (wfb::climate somalia "principally desert") (wfb::climate somalia "December to February - northeast monsoon, moderate temperatures in north and very hot in south") (wfb::climate somalia "May to October - southwest monsoon, torrid in the north and hot in the south, irregular rainfall, hot and humid periods (tangambili) between monsoons") (wfb::terrain somalia "mostly flat to undulating plateau rising to hills in north") (wfb::natural-resource somalia uranium_and_largely_unexploited_reserves_of_iron_ore) (wfb::natural-resource somalia tin) (wfb::natural-resource somalia gypsum) (wfb::natural-resource somalia bauxite) (wfb::natural-resource somalia copper) (wfb::natural-resource somalia salt) (wfb::land_use somalia arable_land (* 2 %)) (wfb::land_use somalia permanent_crops (* 0 %)) (wfb::land_use somalia meadows_and_pastures (* 46 %)) (wfb::land_use somalia forest_and_woodland (* 14 %)) (wfb::land_use somalia other (* 38 %)) (wfb::irrigated_land somalia (* 1600 sq_km)) (wfb::environment somalia current_issues "famine") (wfb::environment somalia current_issues "use of contaminated water contributes to human health problems") (wfb::environment somalia current_issues "deforestation") (wfb::environment somalia current_issues "overgrazing") (wfb::environment somalia current_issues "soil erosion") (wfb::environment somalia current_issues "desertification") (wfb::environment somalia natural_hazards "recurring droughts") (wfb::environment somalia natural_hazards "frequent dust storms over eastern plains in summer") (wfb::environment somalia international_agreements "party to - Endangered Species, Law of the Sea") (wfb::environment somalia international_agreements "signed, but not ratified - Marine Dumping, Nuclear Test Ban") (wfb::note somalia "strategic location on Horn of Africa along southern approaches to Bab el Mandeb and route through Red Sea and Suez Canal") (wfb::population somalia 7347554) (wfb::age_structure somalia 0-14_years (* 45 %)) (wfb::age_structure_by_sex somalia 0-14_years female 1653175) (wfb::age_structure_by_sex somalia 0-14_years male 1650377) (wfb::age_structure somalia 15-64_years (* 51 %)) (wfb::age_structure_by_sex somalia 15-64_years female 1845886) (wfb::age_structure_by_sex somalia 15-64_years male 1932012) (wfb::age_structure somalia 65_years_and_over (* 4 %)) (wfb::age_structure_by_sex somalia 65_years_and_over female 138264) (wfb::age_structure_by_sex somalia 65_years_and_over male 127840) (wfb::population_growth_rate somalia (* 15.58 %)) (wfb::birth_rate somalia (* 45.53 |births/1,000 population|)) (wfb::death_rate somalia (* 13.3 |deaths/1,000 population|)) (wfb::net_migration_rate somalia (* 123.62 |migrant(s)/1,000 population|)) (wfb::infant_mortality_rate somalia (* 119.5 |deaths/1,000 live births|)) (wfb::life_expectancy_at_birth somalia total_population (* 55.74 years)) (wfb::life_expectancy_at_birth somalia male (* 55.48 years)) (wfb::life_expectancy_at_birth somalia female (* 56 years)) (wfb::total_fertility_rate somalia (* 7.13 children_born/woman)) (wfb::nationality somalia noun "Somali(s)") (wfb::nationality somalia adjective "Somali") (wfb::ethnic-entity somalia somali (* 85 %)) (wfb::ethnic-entity somalia bantu n/a) (wfb::ethnic-entity somalia |Arabs 30,000| n/a) (wfb::religion somalia sunni_muslim n/a) (wfb::language somalia somali-language-group n/a) (wfb::language somalia arabic n/a) (wfb::language somalia italian n/a) (wfb::language somalia english n/a) (wfb::literacy-condition somalia "age 15 and over can read and write") (wfb::literacy somalia total_population (* 24 %)) (wfb::literacy somalia male (* 36 %)) (wfb::literacy somalia female (* 14 %)) (wfb::labor_force_by_occupation somalia pastoral_nomad (* 70 %)) (wfb::labor_force_by_occupation somalia agriculture n/a) (wfb::labor_force_by_occupation somalia government n/a) (wfb::labor_force_by_occupation somalia trading n/a) (wfb::labor_force_by_occupation somalia fishing-occupation-type n/a) (wfb::labor_force_by_occupation somalia handicrafts-occupation-type n/a) (wfb::names somalia conventional_short_form "Somalia") (wfb::names somalia former "Somali Republic") (wfb::digraph somalia "SO") (type somalia "none") (wfb::capital somalia mogadishu-somalia) (wfb::administrative_divisions somalia adm_div_somalia_regions 18) (wfb::administrative_division_of somalia adm_div_somalia_regions "Awdal") (wfb::administrative_division_of somalia adm_div_somalia_regions "Bakool") (wfb::administrative_division_of somalia adm_div_somalia_regions "Banaadir") (wfb::administrative_division_of somalia adm_div_somalia_regions "Bari") (wfb::administrative_division_of somalia adm_div_somalia_regions "Bay") (wfb::administrative_division_of somalia adm_div_somalia_regions "Galguduud") (wfb::administrative_division_of somalia adm_div_somalia_regions "Gedo") (wfb::administrative_division_of somalia adm_div_somalia_regions "Hiiraan") (wfb::administrative_division_of somalia adm_div_somalia_regions "Jubbada Dhexe") (wfb::administrative_division_of somalia adm_div_somalia_regions "Jubbada Hoose") (wfb::administrative_division_of somalia adm_div_somalia_regions "Mudug") (wfb::administrative_division_of somalia adm_div_somalia_regions "Nugaal") (wfb::administrative_division_of somalia adm_div_somalia_regions "Sanaag") (wfb::administrative_division_of somalia adm_div_somalia_regions "Shabeellaha Dhexe") (wfb::administrative_division_of somalia adm_div_somalia_regions "Shabeellaha Hoose") (wfb::administrative_division_of somalia adm_div_somalia_regions "Sool") (wfb::administrative_division_of somalia adm_div_somalia_regions "Togdheer") (wfb::administrative_division_of somalia adm_div_somalia_regions "Woqooyi Galbeed") (wfb::constitution somalia "25 August 1979, presidential approval 23 September 1979") (wfb::legal_system somalia "NA") (wfb::suffrage somalia (* 18 years_of_age)) (wfb::legislative_structure somalia unicameral "People's Assembly") (wfb::legislative_branch somalia "People's Assembly (Golaha Shacbiga)" "not functioning") (wfb::judicial_branch somalia "Supreme Court (not functioning)") (wfb::political_parties_and_leaders somalia "the United Somali Congress (USC) ousted the former regime on 27 January 1991; formerly the only party was the Somali Revolutionary Socialist Party (SRSP), headed by former President and Commander in Chief of the Army Maj. Gen. Mohamed SIAD Barre") (wfb::other_political_or_pressure_groups somalia "numerous clan and subclan factions are currently vying for power") (wfb::member_of somalia acp) (wfb::member_of somalia afdb) (wfb::member_of somalia afesd) (wfb::member_of somalia al) (wfb::member_of somalia amf) (wfb::member_of somalia caeu) (wfb::member_of somalia eca) (wfb::member_of somalia fao) (wfb::member_of somalia g-77) (wfb::member_of somalia ibrd) (wfb::member_of somalia icao) (wfb::member_of somalia icrm) (wfb::member_of somalia ida) (wfb::member_of somalia idb) (wfb::member_of somalia ifad) (wfb::member_of somalia ifc) (wfb::member_of somalia ifrcs) (wfb::member_of somalia igadd) (wfb::member_of somalia ilo) (wfb::member_of somalia imf) (wfb::member_of somalia imo) (wfb::member_of somalia intelsat) (wfb::member_of somalia interpol) (wfb::member_of somalia ioc) (wfb::member_of somalia iom) (wfb::member_of somalia itu) (wfb::member_of somalia nam) (wfb::member_of somalia oau) (wfb::member_of somalia oic) (wfb::member_of somalia un) (wfb::member_of somalia unctad) (wfb::member_of somalia unesco) (wfb::member_of somalia unhcr) (wfb::member_of somalia unido) (wfb::member_of somalia upu) (wfb::member_of somalia wftu) (wfb::member_of somalia who) (wfb::member_of somalia wipo) (wfb::member_of somalia wmo) (wfb::diplomatic_representation_in_us somalia "Somalian Embassy ceased operations on 8 May 1991") (wfb::us_diplomatic_representation somalia liaison_office "US Embassy, Nairobi, Kenya") (wfb::us_diplomatic_representation somalia address "corner of Moi Avenue and Haile Selassie Avenue, Nairobi") (wfb::us_diplomatic_representation somalia mailing_address "P.O. Box 30137, Unit 64100, Nairobi or APO AE 09831") (wfb::us_diplomatic_representation somalia telephone "[254] (2) 334141") (wfb::us_diplomatic_representation somalia fax "[254] (2) 340838") (wfb::flag somalia "light blue with a large white five-pointed star in the center; design based on the flag of the UN (Italian Somaliland was a UN trust territory)") (wfb::overview somalia "One of the world's poorest and least developed countries, Somalia has few resources. Moreover, much of the economy has been devastated by the civil war. Agriculture is the most important sector, with livestock accounting for about 40% of GDP and about 65% of export earnings. Nomads and seminomads who are dependent upon livestock for their livelihood make up about 70% of the population. Crop production generates only 10% of GDP and employs about 20% of the work force. The main export crop is bananas; sugar, sorghum, and corn are grown for the domestic market. The small industrial sector is based on the processing of agricultural products and accounts for less than 10% of GDP; most facilities have been shut down because of the civil strife. The greatly increased political turmoil of 1991-93 has resulted in a substantial drop in agricultural output, with widespread famine. In 1994 economic conditions stabilized in the countryside but may turn worse in 1995 if civil strife intensifies after the UN withdrawal.") (wfb::national_product somalia (* 3.3e+9 $)) (wfb::national_product_real_growth_rate somalia (* n/a %)) (wfb::national_product_per_capita somalia (* 500 $)) (wfb::|Inflation rate (consumer prices)| somalia "NA% (1994)") (wfb::unemployment_rate somalia (* n/a %)) (wfb::budget somalia revenues (* n/a $)) (wfb::budget somalia expenditures (* n/a $)) (wfb::budget somalia capital_expenditures (* n/a $)) (wfb::exports somalia (* 5.8e+7 $)) (wfb::exports somalia commodities bananas n/a) (wfb::exports somalia commodities live_animals n/a) (wfb::exports somalia commodities fish-commodity n/a) (wfb::exports somalia commodities hides n/a) (wfb::exports somalia partners saudi_arabia n/a) (wfb::exports somalia partners italy n/a) (wfb::exports somalia partners frg n/a) (wfb::imports somalia (* 2.49e+8 $)) (wfb::imports somalia commodities petroleum_products-commodity n/a) (wfb::imports somalia commodities foodstuffs n/a) (wfb::imports somalia commodities construction_materials n/a) (wfb::imports somalia partners us (* 13 %)) (wfb::imports somalia partners italy n/a) (wfb::imports somalia partners frg n/a) (wfb::imports somalia partners kenya n/a) (wfb::imports somalia partners uk n/a) (wfb::imports somalia partners saudi_arabia n/a) (wfb::external_debt somalia (* 1.9e+9 $)) (wfb::industrial_production somalia growth_rate (* n/a %)) (wfb::electricity somalia production (* n/a kwh)) (wfb::electricity somalia consumption_per_capita (* n/a kwh)) (wfb::industry somalia a_few_small_industries) (wfb::industry somalia including_sugar_refining) (wfb::industry somalia textiles) (wfb::industry somalia |petroleum refining (mostly shut down)|) (wfb::agriculture somalia "dominant sector, led by livestock raising (cattle, sheep, goats); crops - bananas, sorghum, corn, mangoes, sugarcane; not self-sufficient in food; distribution of food disrupted by civil strife; fishing potential largely unexploited") (wfb::economic_aid somalia recipient "US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-89), $639 million; Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-89), $3.8 billion; OPEC bilateral aid (1979-89), $1.1 billion; Communist countries (1970-89), $336 million") (wfb::exchange_rates somalia "Somali shillings (So. Sh.) per US$1 - approximately 5,000 (1 January 1995), 2,616 (1 July 1993), 4,200 (December 1992), 3,800.00 (December 1990), 490.7 (1989),") (wfb::fiscal_year somalia date_1_jan date_31_dec) (wfb::railroads somalia "0 km") (wfb::highways somalia total (* 22500 km)) (wfb::highways somalia paved (* 2700 km)) (wfb::highways somalia gravel (* 3000 km)) (wfb::highways somalia (union improved stabilized_earth) (* 16800 km)) (wfb::port somalia bender_cassim-somalia) (wfb::port somalia berbera-somalia) (wfb::port somalia chisimayu-somalia) (wfb::port somalia merca-somalia) (wfb::port somalia mogadishu-somalia) (wfb::merchant_marine somalia total "2 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 5,529 GRT/6,892 DWT") (wfb::merchant_marine somalia ships_by_type "cargo 1, refrigerated cargo 1") (wfb::airports somalia total 76) (wfb::airports somalia |with paved runways over 3,047 m| 3) (wfb::airports somalia |with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m| 1) (wfb::airports somalia |with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m| 3) (wfb::airports somalia |with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m| 1) (wfb::airports somalia with_paved_runways_under_914_m 14) (wfb::airports somalia |with unpaved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m| 5) (wfb::airports somalia |with unpaved runways 1,524 to 2,438 m| 16) (wfb::airports somalia |with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m| 33) (wfb::telephone_system somalia "NA telephones; the public telecommunications system was completely destroyed or dismantled by the civil war factions; all relief organizations depend on their own private systems (1993)") (wfb::telephone_system somalia local "NA") (wfb::telephone_system somalia intercity "NA") (wfb::telephone_system somalia international "NA") (wfb::radio somalia radios n/a) (wfb::television somalia broadcast_stations n/a) (wfb::television somalia televisions n/a) (wfb::defense_branch somalia no_functioning_central_government_military_forces_somalia) (wfb::manpower_availability somalia "males age 15-49 1,736,673; males fit for military service 972,203 (1995 est."))) (south_africa ((wfb::location south_africa "Southern Africa, at the southern tip of the continent of Africa") (wfb::map_references south_africa "Africa") (wfb::area south_africa total_area (* 1219912 sq_km)) (wfb::area south_africa land_area (* 1219912 sq_km)) (wfb::area south_africa comparative_area "slightly less than twice the size of Texas") (wfb::borders south_africa total (* 4750 km)) (wfb::borders south_africa botswana (* 1840 km)) (wfb::borders south_africa lesotho (* 909 km)) (wfb::borders south_africa mozambique (* 491 km)) (wfb::borders south_africa namibia (* 855 km)) (wfb::borders south_africa swaziland (* 430 km)) (wfb::borders south_africa zimbabwe (* 225 km)) (wfb::coastline south_africa (* 2798 km)) (wfb::maritime_claims south_africa exclusive_fishing_zone (* 200 nm)) (wfb::maritime_claims south_africa territorial_sea (* 12 nm)) (wfb::international_disputes south_africa "Swaziland has asked South Africa to open negotiations on reincorporating some nearby South African territories that are populated by ethnic Swazis or that were long ago part of the Swazi Kingdom;") (wfb::climate south_africa "mostly semiarid") (wfb::climate south_africa "subtropical along east coast") (wfb::climate south_africa "sunny days, cool nights") (wfb::terrain south_africa "vast interior plateau rimmed by rugged hills and narrow coastal plain") (wfb::natural-resource south_africa gold) (wfb::natural-resource south_africa chromium) (wfb::natural-resource south_africa antimony) (wfb::natural-resource south_africa coal) (wfb::natural-resource south_africa iron_ore) (wfb::natural-resource south_africa manganese) (wfb::natural-resource south_africa nickel) (wfb::natural-resource south_africa phosphates) (wfb::natural-resource south_africa tin) (wfb::natural-resource south_africa uranium) (wfb::natural-resource south_africa gem_diamonds) (wfb::natural-resource south_africa platinum) (wfb::natural-resource south_africa copper) (wfb::natural-resource south_africa vanadium) (wfb::natural-resource south_africa salt) (wfb::natural-resource south_africa natural_gas) (wfb::land_use south_africa arable_land (* 10 %)) (wfb::land_use south_africa permanent_crops (* 1 %)) (wfb::land_use south_africa meadows_and_pastures (* 65 %)) (wfb::land_use south_africa forest_and_woodland (* 3 %)) (wfb::land_use south_africa other (* 21 %)) (wfb::irrigated_land south_africa (* 11280 sq_km)) (wfb::environment south_africa current_issues "lack of important arterial rivers or lakes requires extensive water conservation and control measures") (wfb::environment south_africa current_issues "growth in water usage threatens to outpace supply") (wfb::environment south_africa current_issues "pollution of rivers from agricultural runoff and urban discharge") (wfb::environment south_africa current_issues "air pollution resulting in acid rain") (wfb::environment south_africa current_issues "soil erosion") (wfb::environment south_africa current_issues "desertification") (wfb::environment south_africa natural_hazards "prolonged droughts") (wfb::environment south_africa international_agreements "party to - Antarctic Treaty, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands, Whaling") (wfb::environment south_africa international_agreements "signed, but not ratified - Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Law of the Sea") (wfb::note south_africa "South Africa completely surrounds Lesotho and almost completely surrounds Swaziland") (wfb::age_structure south_africa 0-14_years (* 40 %)) (wfb::age_structure_by_sex south_africa 0-14_years female 8842764) (wfb::age_structure_by_sex south_africa 0-14_years male 9091722) (wfb::age_structure south_africa 15-64_years (* 56 %)) (wfb::age_structure_by_sex south_africa 15-64_years female 12825617) (wfb::age_structure_by_sex south_africa 15-64_years male 12508039) (wfb::age_structure south_africa 65_years_and_over (* 4 %)) (wfb::age_structure_by_sex south_africa 65_years_and_over female 1047285) (wfb::age_structure_by_sex south_africa 65_years_and_over male 780032) (wfb::birth_rate south_africa (* 33.39 |births/1,000 population|)) (wfb::death_rate south_africa (* 7.42 |deaths/1,000 population|)) (wfb::net_migration_rate south_africa (* 0.17 |migrant(s)/1,000 population|)) (wfb::infant_mortality_rate south_africa (* 45.8 |deaths/1,000 live births|)) (wfb::life_expectancy_at_birth south_africa total_population (* 65.42 years)) (wfb::life_expectancy_at_birth south_africa male (* 62.68 years)) (wfb::life_expectancy_at_birth south_africa female (* 68.25 years)) (wfb::total_fertility_rate south_africa (* 4.35 children_born/woman)) (wfb::nationality south_africa noun "South African(s)") (wfb::nationality south_africa adjective "South African") (wfb::ethnic-entity south_africa black (* 75.2 %)) (wfb::ethnic-entity south_africa white (* 13.6 %)) (wfb::ethnic-entity south_africa colored (* 8.6 %)) (wfb::ethnic-entity south_africa indian (* 2.6 %)) (wfb::religion south_africa union20 (* 2 %)) (wfb::language south_africa eleven_official_languages n/a) (wfb::language south_africa including_afrikaans n/a) (wfb::language south_africa english n/a) (wfb::language south_africa ndebele n/a) (wfb::language south_africa pedi n/a) (wfb::language south_africa sotho-language-group n/a) (wfb::language south_africa swazi n/a) (wfb::language south_africa tsonga n/a) (wfb::language south_africa tswana n/a) (wfb::language south_africa venda n/a) (wfb::language south_africa xhosa n/a) (wfb::language south_africa zulu n/a) (wfb::literacy-condition south_africa "age 15 and over can read and write") (wfb::literacy south_africa total_population (* 76 %)) (wfb::literacy south_africa male (* 78 %)) (wfb::literacy south_africa female (* 75 %)) (wfb::labor_force_by_occupation south_africa services (* 35 %)) (wfb::labor_force_by_occupation south_africa agriculture (* 30 %)) (wfb::labor_force_by_occupation south_africa industry (* 20 %)) (wfb::labor_force_by_occupation south_africa mining-occupation-type (* 9 %)) (wfb::names south_africa conventional_long_form "Republic of South Africa") (wfb::names south_africa conventional_short_form "South Africa") (wfb::abbreviation south_africa "RSA") (wfb::digraph south_africa "SF") (type south_africa "republic") (wfb::administrative_divisions south_africa adm_div_south_africa_provinces 9) (wfb::administrative_division_of south_africa adm_div_south_africa_provinces "Eastern Cape") (wfb::administrative_division_of south_africa adm_div_south_africa_provinces "Eastern Transvaal") (wfb::administrative_division_of south_africa adm_div_south_africa_provinces "KwaZulu/Natal") (wfb::administrative_division_of south_africa adm_div_south_africa_provinces "Northern Cape") (wfb::administrative_division_of south_africa adm_div_south_africa_provinces "Northern Transvaal") (wfb::administrative_division_of south_africa adm_div_south_africa_provinces "Northwest") (wfb::administrative_division_of south_africa adm_div_south_africa_provinces "Orange Free State") (wfb::administrative_division_of south_africa adm_div_south_africa_provinces "Gauteng") (wfb::administrative_division_of south_africa adm_div_south_africa_provinces "Western Cape") (wfb::independence south_africa date_31_may_1910 "UK") (wfb::national_holiday south_africa "Freedom Day" date_27_apr) (wfb::constitution south_africa "27 April 1994 (interim constitution, replacing the constitution of 3 September 1984)") (wfb::legal_system south_africa "based on Roman-Dutch law and English common law; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations") (wfb::suffrage south_africa (* 18 years_of_age)) (wfb::executive_branch south_africa chief_of_state "Executive President Nelson MANDELA " date_10_may_1994) (wfb::executive_branch south_africa head_of_government "Executive President Nelson MANDELA " date_10_may_1994) (wfb::executive_branch south_africa cabinet "Cabinet appointed by the Executive President") (wfb::legislative_structure south_africa bicameral n/a) (wfb::legislative_branch south_africa "National Assembly" "elections last held 26-29 April 1994 (next to be held NA); results - ANC 62.6%, NP 20.4%, IFP 10.5%, FF 2.2%, DP 1.7%, PAC 1.2%, ACDP 0.5%, other 0.9%; seats - (400 total) ANC 252, NP 82, IFP 43, FF 9, DP 7, PAC 5, ACDP 2") (wfb::legislative_branch south_africa "Senate" "the Senate is composed of members who are nominated by the nine provincial parliaments (which are elected in parallel with the National Assembly) and has special powers to protect regional interests, including the right to limited self-determination for ethnic minorities; seats - (90 total) ANC 61, NP 17, FF 4, IFP 5, DP 3") (wfb::judicial_branch south_africa "Supreme Court") (wfb::political_parties_and_leaders south_africa "African National Congress (ANC), Nelson MANDELA, president; National Party (NP), Frederik W. DE KLERK, president; Inkatha Freedom Party (IFP), Mangosuthu BUTHELEZI, president; Freedom Front (FF), Constand VILJOEN, president; Democratic Party (DP); Pan Africanist Congress (PAC), Clarence MAKWETU, president; African Christian Democratic Party (ACDP), leader NA") (wfb::other_political_or_pressure_groups south_africa "NA;;") (wfb::member_of south_africa bis) (wfb::member_of south_africa c) (wfb::member_of south_africa ccc) (wfb::member_of south_africa eca) (wfb::member_of south_africa fao) (wfb::member_of south_africa gatt) (wfb::member_of south_africa iaea) (wfb::member_of south_africa ibrd) (wfb::member_of south_africa icao) (wfb::member_of south_africa icc) (wfb::member_of south_africa icrm) (wfb::member_of south_africa ida) (wfb::member_of south_africa ifc) (wfb::member_of south_africa ifrcs) (wfb::member_of south_africa ilo) (wfb::member_of south_africa imf) (wfb::member_of south_africa inmarsat) (wfb::member_of south_africa intelsat) (wfb::member_of south_africa interpol) (wfb::member_of south_africa ioc) (wfb::member_of south_africa iso) (wfb::member_of south_africa itu) (wfb::member_of south_africa nam) (wfb::member_of south_africa oau) (wfb::member_of south_africa sacu) (wfb::member_of south_africa sadc) (wfb::member_of south_africa un) (wfb::member_of south_africa unctad) (wfb::member_of south_africa upu) (wfb::member_of south_africa wftu) (wfb::member_of south_africa who) (wfb::member_of south_africa wipo) (wfb::member_of south_africa wmo) (wfb::member_of south_africa zc) (wfb::diplomatic_representation_in_us south_africa chief_of_mission "Ambassador Franklin SONN") (wfb::diplomatic_representation_in_us south_africa chancery "3051 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008") (wfb::diplomatic_representation_in_us south_africa telephone "[1] (202) 232-4400") (wfb::diplomatic_representation_in_us south_africa |consulate(s) general| "Beverly Hills (California), Chicago, and New York") (wfb::us_diplomatic_representation south_africa chief_of_mission "Ambassador Princeton N. LYMAN") (wfb::us_diplomatic_representation south_africa embassy "877 Pretorius St., Arcadia 0083") (wfb::us_diplomatic_representation south_africa mailing_address "P.O. Box 9536, Pretoria 0001") (wfb::us_diplomatic_representation south_africa telephone "[27] (12) 342-1048") (wfb::us_diplomatic_representation south_africa fax "[27] (12) 342-2244") (wfb::us_diplomatic_representation south_africa |consulate(s) general| "Cape Town, Durban, Johannesburg") (wfb::flag south_africa "two equal width horizontal bands of red (top) and blue separated by a central green band which splits into a horozontal Y, the arms of which end at the corners of the hoist side, embracing a black isoceles triangle from which the arms are separated by narrow yellow bands; the red and blue bands are separated from the green band and its arms by narrow white stripes") (wfb::overview south_africa "Many of the white one-seventh of the South African population enjoy incomes, material comforts, and health and educational standards equal to those of Western Europe. In contrast, most of the remaining population suffers from the poverty patterns of the Third World, including unemployment and lack of job skills. The main strength of the economy lies in its rich mineral resources, which provide two-thirds of exports. Economic developments for the remainder of the 1990s will be driven largely by the new government's attempts to improve black living conditions, to set the country on an aggressive export-led growth path, and to cut back the enormous numbers of unemployed. The economy in recent years has absorbed less than 5% of the more than 300,000 workers entering the labor force annually. Local economists estimate that the economy must grow between 5% and 6% in real terms annually to absorb all of the new entrants, much less reduce the accumulated total.") (wfb::national_product south_africa (* 1.943e+11 $)) (wfb::national_product_real_growth_rate south_africa (* 2 %)) (wfb::national_product_per_capita south_africa (* 4420 $)) (wfb::|Inflation rate (consumer prices)| south_africa "9% (1994 est.)") (wfb::budget south_africa revenues (* 2.63e+10 $)) (wfb::budget south_africa expenditures (* 3.3999999e+10 $)) (wfb::budget south_africa capital_expenditures (* 2.5e+9 $)) (wfb::exports south_africa (* 2.53e+10 $)) (wfb::exports south_africa commodities gold-commodity (* 27 %)) (wfb::exports south_africa commodities food (* 5 %)) (wfb::exports south_africa commodities chemicals-commodity (* 3 %)) (wfb::exports south_africa partners italy n/a) (wfb::exports south_africa partners japan n/a) (wfb::exports south_africa partners us n/a) (wfb::exports south_africa partners germany n/a) (wfb::exports south_africa partners uk n/a) (wfb::exports south_africa partners hong_kong n/a) (wfb::imports south_africa (* 2.14e+10 $)) (wfb::imports south_africa commodities machinery (* 32 %)) (wfb::imports south_africa commodities transport_equipment (* 15 %)) (wfb::imports south_africa commodities chemicals-commodity (* 11 %)) (wfb::imports south_africa commodities oil-commodity n/a) (wfb::imports south_africa commodities textiles-commodity n/a) (wfb::imports south_africa commodities scientific_instruments n/a) (wfb::imports south_africa partners germany n/a) (wfb::imports south_africa partners us n/a) (wfb::imports south_africa partners japan n/a) (wfb::imports south_africa partners uk n/a) (wfb::imports south_africa partners italy n/a) (wfb::external_debt south_africa (* 1.7999999e+10 $)) (wfb::industrial_production south_africa growth_rate (* n/a %)) (wfb::electricity south_africa capacity (* 39750000 kw)) (wfb::electricity south_africa production (* 1.63e+11 kwh)) (wfb::electricity south_africa consumption_per_capita (* 3482 kwh)) (wfb::industry south_africa |mining (world's largest producer of platinum, gold, chromium)|) (wfb::industry south_africa automobile_assembly) (wfb::industry south_africa metalworking) (wfb::industry south_africa machinery-industry) (wfb::industry south_africa textile-industry) (wfb::industry south_africa iron) (wfb::industry south_africa steel) (wfb::industry south_africa chemical) (wfb::industry south_africa fertilizer) (wfb::industry south_africa foodstuffs-industry) (wfb::agriculture south_africa "accounts for about 5% of GDP and 30% of labor force; diversified agriculture, with emphasis on livestock; products - cattle, poultry, sheep, wool, milk, beef, corn, wheat, sugarcane, fruits, vegetables; self-sufficient in food") (wfb::illicit_drugs south_africa "transshipment center for heroin and cocaine; cocaine consumption on the rise; world's largest market for illicit methaqualone, usually imported illegally from India through various east African countries") (wfb::economic_aid south_africa "many aid packages for the new government are still being prepared; current aid pledges include US $600 million over 3 years; UK $150 million over 3 years; Australia $21 million over 3 years; Japan $1.3 billion over 2 years") (wfb::currency south_africa rand 100 cents) (wfb::exchange_rates south_africa "rand (R) per US$1 - 3.5389 (January 1995), 3.5490 (1994), 3.2636 (1993), 2.8497 (1992), 2.7563 (1991), 2.5863 (1990)") (wfb::fiscal_year south_africa date_1_apr date_31_mar) (wfb::railroads south_africa total "20,638 km") (wfb::railroads south_africa narrow_gauge "20,324 km 1.067-m gauge (substantial electrification); 314 km 0.610-m gauge") (wfb::highways south_africa total (* 188309 km)) (wfb::highways south_africa paved (* 54013 km)) (wfb::highways south_africa (union crushed_stone gravel improved_earth) (* 134296 km)) (wfb::port south_africa cape_town-south_africa) (wfb::port south_africa durban-south_africa) (wfb::port south_africa east_london-south_africa) (wfb::port south_africa mosselbaai-south_africa) (wfb::port south_africa port_elizabeth-south_africa) (wfb::port south_africa richards_bay-south_africa) (wfb::port south_africa saldanha-south_africa) (wfb::merchant_marine south_africa total "4 container ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 211,276 GRT/198,602 DWT") (wfb::airports south_africa total 853) (wfb::airports south_africa |with paved runways over 3,047 m| 9) (wfb::airports south_africa |with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m| 5) (wfb::airports south_africa |with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m| 47) (wfb::airports south_africa |with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m| 72) (wfb::airports south_africa with_paved_runways_under_914_m 327) (wfb::airports south_africa |with unpaved runways 1,524 to 2,438 m| 39) (wfb::airports south_africa |with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m| 354) (wfb::telephone_system south_africa "over 4,500,000 telephones; the system is the best developed, most modern, and has the highest capacity in Africa") (wfb::telephone_system south_africa local "NA") (wfb::telephone_system south_africa intercity "consists of carrier-equipped open-wire lines, coaxial cables, microwave radio relay links, fiber optic cable, and radiocommunication stations; key centers are Bloemfontein, Cape Town, Durban, Johannesburg, Port Elizabeth, and Pretoria") (wfb::telephone_system south_africa international "1 submarine cable; 3 INTELSAT (1 Indian Ocean and 2 Atlantic Ocean) earth stations") (wfb::radio south_africa broadcast_stations am 14) (wfb::radio south_africa broadcast_stations fm 286) (wfb::radio south_africa broadcast_stations shortwave 0) (wfb::radio south_africa radios n/a) (wfb::television south_africa broadcast_stations 67) (wfb::television south_africa televisions n/a) (wfb::defense_branch south_africa south_african_national_defence_force_south_africa) (wfb::defense_branch south_africa south_african_police_service_south_africa) (wfb::manpower_availability south_africa "males age 15-49 10,830,079; males fit for military service 6,601,323; males reach military age (18) annually 439,793 (1995 est.)") (wfb::defense_expenditures south_africa (* 3.2e+9 $)) (wfb::defense_expenditures south_africa (* 2.8 %_of_gdp)))) (sudan ((wfb::location sudan "Northern Africa, bordering the Red Sea, between Egypt and Eritrea") (wfb::map_references sudan "Africa") (wfb::area sudan total_area (* 2505810 sq_km)) (wfb::area sudan land_area (* 2376000.0 sq_km)) (wfb::area sudan comparative_area "slightly more than one-quarter the size of the US") (wfb::borders sudan total (* 7687 km)) (wfb::borders sudan central_african_republic (* 1165 km)) (wfb::borders sudan chad (* 1360 km)) (wfb::borders sudan egypt (* 1273 km)) (wfb::borders sudan eritrea (* 605 km)) (wfb::borders sudan ethiopia (* 1606 km)) (wfb::borders sudan kenya (* 232 km)) (wfb::borders sudan libya (* 383 km)) (wfb::borders sudan uganda (* 435 km)) (wfb::borders sudan zaire (* 628 km)) (wfb::coastline sudan (* 853 km)) (wfb::maritime_claims sudan contiguous_zone (* 18 nm)) (wfb::maritime_claims sudan territorial_sea (* 12 nm)) (wfb::international_disputes sudan "administrative boundary with Kenya does not coincide with international boundary") (wfb::international_disputes sudan "administrative boundary with Egypt does not coincide with international boundary creating the \"Hala'ib Triangle,\" a barren area of 20,580 sq km, tensions over this disputed area began to escalate in 1992 and remain high") (wfb::climate sudan "tropical in south") (wfb::climate sudan "arid desert in north") (wfb::climate sudan "rainy season (April to October)") (wfb::terrain sudan "generally flat, featureless plain") (wfb::terrain sudan "mountains in east and west") (wfb::natural-resource sudan small_reserves_of_petroleum) (wfb::natural-resource sudan iron_ore) (wfb::natural-resource sudan copper) (wfb::natural-resource sudan chromium_ore) (wfb::natural-resource sudan zinc) (wfb::natural-resource sudan tungsten) (wfb::natural-resource sudan mica) (wfb::natural-resource sudan silver) (wfb::natural-resource sudan gold) (wfb::land_use sudan arable_land (* 5 %)) (wfb::land_use sudan permanent_crops (* 0 %)) (wfb::land_use sudan meadows_and_pastures (* 24 %)) (wfb::land_use sudan forest_and_woodland (* 20 %)) (wfb::land_use sudan other (* 51 %)) (wfb::irrigated_land sudan (* 18900 sq_km)) (wfb::environment sudan current_issues "inadequate supplies of potable water") (wfb::environment sudan current_issues "wildlife populations threatened by excessive hunting") (wfb::environment sudan current_issues "soil erosion") (wfb::environment sudan current_issues "desertification") (wfb::environment sudan natural_hazards "dust storms") (wfb::environment sudan international_agreements "party to - Climate Change, Endangered Species, Law of the Sea, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection") (wfb::environment sudan international_agreements "signed, but not ratified - Biodiversity, Desertification") (wfb::note sudan "largest country in Africa; dominated by the Nile and its tributaries") (wfb::population sudan 30120420) (wfb::age_structure sudan 0-14_years (* 46 %)) (wfb::age_structure_by_sex sudan 0-14_years female 6801001) (wfb::age_structure_by_sex sudan 0-14_years male 7124892) (wfb::age_structure sudan 15-64_years (* 52 %)) (wfb::age_structure_by_sex sudan 15-64_years female 7706864) (wfb::age_structure_by_sex sudan 15-64_years male 7830980) (wfb::age_structure sudan 65_years_and_over (* 2 %)) (wfb::age_structure_by_sex sudan 65_years_and_over female 280297) (wfb::age_structure_by_sex sudan 65_years_and_over male 376386) (wfb::population_growth_rate sudan (* 2.35 %)) (wfb::birth_rate sudan (* 41.29 |births/1,000 population|)) (wfb::death_rate sudan (* 11.74 |deaths/1,000 population|)) (wfb::net_migration_rate sudan (* n/a |migrant(s)/1,000 population|)) (wfb::infant_mortality_rate sudan (* 77.7 |deaths/1,000 live births|)) (wfb::life_expectancy_at_birth sudan total_population (* 54.71 years)) (wfb::life_expectancy_at_birth sudan male (* 53.81 years)) (wfb::life_expectancy_at_birth sudan female (* 55.65 years)) (wfb::total_fertility_rate sudan (* 6 children_born/woman)) (wfb::nationality sudan noun "Sudanese (singular and plural)") (wfb::nationality sudan adjective "Sudanese") (wfb::ethnic-entity sudan black (* 52 %)) (wfb::ethnic-entity sudan arab (* 39 %)) (wfb::ethnic-entity sudan beja (* 6 %)) (wfb::ethnic-entity sudan foreigners (* 2 %)) (wfb::religion sudan sunni_muslim (* 70 %)) (wfb::religion sudan indigenous_beliefs (* 25 %)) (wfb::religion sudan christian (* 5 %)) (wfb::language sudan arabic n/a) (wfb::language sudan nubian n/a) (wfb::language sudan ta_bedawie n/a) (wfb::language sudan diverse_dialects_of_nilotic n/a) (wfb::language sudan nilo-hamitic n/a) (wfb::language sudan sudanic_languages n/a) (wfb::language sudan english n/a) (wfb::literacy-condition sudan "age 15 and over can read and write") (wfb::literacy sudan total_population (* 32 %)) (wfb::literacy sudan male (* 44 %)) (wfb::literacy sudan female (* 21 %)) (wfb::total_labor_force sudan 6500000.0) (wfb::labor_force_by_occupation sudan agriculture (* 80 %)) (wfb::labor_force_by_occupation sudan industry_and_commerce (* 10 %)) (wfb::labor_force_by_occupation sudan government (* 6 %)) (wfb::names sudan conventional_long_form "Republic of the Sudan") (wfb::names sudan conventional_short_form "Sudan") (wfb::names sudan local_long_form "Jumhuriyat as-Sudan") (wfb::names sudan local_short_form "As-Sudan") (wfb::names sudan former "Anglo-Egyptian Sudan") (wfb::digraph sudan "SU") (type sudan "ruling military junta - Revolutionary Command Council (RCC) - dissolved on 16 October 1993 and government civilianized") (wfb::capital sudan khartoum-sudan) (wfb::administrative_divisions sudan adm_div_sudan_states 9) (wfb::independence sudan date_1_jan_1956 "Egypt and UK") (wfb::national_holiday sudan "Independence Day" date_1_jan) (wfb::constitution sudan "12 April 1973, suspended following coup of 6 April 1985; interim constitution of 10 October 1985 suspended following coup of 30 June 1989") (wfb::legal_system sudan "based on English common law and Islamic law; as of 20 January 1991, the now defunct Revolutionary Command Council imposed Islamic law in the northern states; the council is still studying criminal provisions under Islamic law; Islamic law applies to all residents of the northern states regardless of their religion; some separate religious courts; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations") (wfb::executive_branch sudan chief_of_state "President Lt. General Umar Hasan Ahmad al-BASHIR " date_16_oct_1993) (wfb::executive_branch sudan head_of_government "President Lt. General Umar Hasan Ahmad al-BASHIR " date_16_oct_1993) (wfb::executive_branch sudan cabinet "Cabinet") (wfb::judicial_branch sudan "Supreme Court, Special Revolutionary Courts") (wfb::political_parties_and_leaders sudan "none; banned following 30 June 1989 coup") (wfb::other_political_or_pressure_groups sudan "National Islamic Front, Hasan al-TURABI") (wfb::member_of sudan abeda) (wfb::member_of sudan acp) (wfb::member_of sudan afdb) (wfb::member_of sudan afesd) (wfb::member_of sudan al) (wfb::member_of sudan amf) (wfb::member_of sudan caeu) (wfb::member_of sudan ccc) (wfb::member_of sudan eca) (wfb::member_of sudan fao) (wfb::member_of sudan g-77) (wfb::member_of sudan iaea) (wfb::member_of sudan ibrd) (wfb::member_of sudan icao) (wfb::member_of sudan icrm) (wfb::member_of sudan ida) (wfb::member_of sudan idb) (wfb::member_of sudan ifad) (wfb::member_of sudan ifc) (wfb::member_of sudan igadd) (wfb::member_of sudan ilo) (wfb::member_of sudan imf) (wfb::member_of sudan imo) (wfb::member_of sudan intelsat) (wfb::member_of sudan interpol) (wfb::member_of sudan ioc) (wfb::member_of sudan itu) (wfb::member_of sudan nam) (wfb::member_of sudan oau) (wfb::member_of sudan oic) (wfb::member_of sudan pca) (wfb::member_of sudan un) (wfb::member_of sudan unctad) (wfb::member_of sudan unesco) (wfb::member_of sudan unhcr) (wfb::member_of sudan unido) (wfb::member_of sudan unu) (wfb::member_of sudan upu) (wfb::member_of sudan wftu) (wfb::member_of sudan who) (wfb::member_of sudan wipo) (wfb::member_of sudan wmo) (wfb::member_of sudan wto) (wfb::diplomatic_representation_in_us sudan chief_of_mission "Ambassador Ahmad SULAYMAN") (wfb::diplomatic_representation_in_us sudan chancery "2210 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008") (wfb::diplomatic_representation_in_us sudan telephone "[1] (202) 338-8565 through 8570") (wfb::diplomatic_representation_in_us sudan fax "[1] (202) 667-2406") (wfb::us_diplomatic_representation sudan chief_of_mission "Ambassador Donald K. PETTERSON") (wfb::us_diplomatic_representation sudan embassy "Shar'ia Ali Abdul Latif, Khartoum") (wfb::us_diplomatic_representation sudan mailing_address "P. O. Box 699, Khartoum; APO AE 09829") (wfb::us_diplomatic_representation sudan telephone "74700, 74611 (operator assistance required)") (wfb::us_diplomatic_representation sudan fax "Telex 22619 AMEMSD") (wfb::flag sudan "three equal horizontal bands of red (top), white, and black with a green isosceles triangle based on the hoist side") (wfb::overview sudan "Sudan is buffeted by civil war, chronic political instability, adverse weather, high inflation, a drop in remittances from abroad, and counterproductive economic policies. Governmental entities account for more than 70% of new investment. The private sector's main areas of activity are agriculture and trading, with most private industrial investment predating 1980. Agriculture employs 80% of the work force. Industry mainly processes agricultural items. Sluggish economic performance over the past decade, attributable largely to declining annual rainfall, has reduced levels of per capita income and consumption. A large foreign debt and huge arrearages continue to cause difficulties. In 1990 the International Monetary Fund took the unusual step of declaring Sudan noncooperative because of its nonpayment of arrearages to the Fund. After Sudan backtracked on promised reforms in 1992-93, the IMF threatened to expel Sudan from the Fund. To avoid expulsion, Khartoum agreed to make payments on its arrears to the Fund, liberalize exchange rates, and reduce subsidies. These measures have been partially implemented. The government's continued prosecution of the civil war and its growing international isolation led to a further deterioration of the nonagricultural sectors of the economy during 1994. Agriculture, on the other hand, after several disappointing years, enjoyed a bumper fall harvest in 1994; its strong performance produced an overall growth rate in GDP of perhaps 7%.") (wfb::national_product sudan (* 2.37e+10 $)) (wfb::national_product_real_growth_rate sudan (* 7 %)) (wfb::national_product_per_capita sudan (* 870 $)) (wfb::|Inflation rate (consumer prices)| sudan "112% (FY93/94 est.)") (wfb::unemployment_rate sudan (* 30 %)) (wfb::budget sudan revenues (* 4.93e+8 $)) (wfb::budget sudan expenditures (* 1.1e+9 $)) (wfb::budget sudan capital_expenditures (* 2.25e+8 $)) (wfb::exports sudan (* 4.19e+8 $)) (wfb::exports sudan commodities gum_arabic (* 29 %)) (wfb::exports sudan commodities livestock/meat (* 24 %)) (wfb::exports sudan commodities cotton (* 13 %)) (wfb::exports sudan commodities sesame n/a) (wfb::exports sudan commodities peanuts n/a) (wfb::exports sudan partners western_europe (* 46 %)) (wfb::exports sudan partners saudi_arabia (* 14 %)) (wfb::exports sudan partners eastern_europe (* 9 %)) (wfb::exports sudan partners japan (* 9 %)) (wfb::exports sudan partners us (* 3 %)) (wfb::imports sudan (* 1.7e+9 $)) (wfb::imports sudan commodities foodstuffs n/a) (wfb::imports sudan commodities petroleum_products-commodity n/a) (wfb::imports sudan commodities manufactured_goods n/a) (wfb::imports sudan commodities machinery_and_equipment n/a) (wfb::imports sudan commodities medicines_and_chemicals n/a) (wfb::imports sudan commodities textiles-commodity n/a) (wfb::imports sudan partners western_europe (* 32 %)) (wfb::imports sudan partners africa_and_asia (* 15 %)) (wfb::imports sudan partners us (* 13 %)) (wfb::imports sudan partners eastern_europe (* 3 %)) (wfb::external_debt sudan (* 1.6999999e+10 $)) (wfb::industrial_production sudan growth_rate (* 6.8 %)) (wfb::industrial_production sudan accounts_for (* 11 %_of_gdp)) (wfb::electricity sudan capacity (* 500000 kw)) (wfb::electricity sudan production (* 1.3e+9 kwh)) (wfb::electricity sudan consumption_per_capita (* 42 kwh)) (wfb::industry sudan cotton_ginning) (wfb::industry sudan textiles) (wfb::industry sudan cement) (wfb::industry sudan edible_oils) (wfb::industry sudan sugar) (wfb::industry sudan soap_distilling) (wfb::industry sudan shoes) (wfb::industry sudan petroleum_refining) (wfb::agriculture sudan "accounts for 35% of GDP; major products - cotton, oilseeds, sorghum, millet, wheat, gum arabic, sheep; marginally self-sufficient in most foods") (wfb::economic_aid sudan recipient "US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-89), $1.5 billion; Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-89), $5.1 billion; OPEC bilateral aid (1979-89), $3.1 billion; Communist countries (1970-89), $588 million") (wfb::currency sudan sudanese_pound 100 piastres) (wfb::exchange_rates sudan "official rate - Sudanese pounds (#Sd) per US$1 - 434.8 (January 1995), 277.8 (1994), 153.8 (1993), 69.4 (1992), 5.4288 (1991), 4.5004 (1990); note - the commercial rate is 300 Sudanese pounds per US$1") (wfb::fiscal_year sudan date_1_jul date_30_jun) (wfb::railroads sudan total "5,516 km") (wfb::railroads sudan narrow_gauge "4,800 km 1.067-m gauge; 716 km 1.6096-m gauge plantation line") (wfb::highways sudan total (* 20703 km)) (wfb::highways sudan bituminous_treated (* 2000 km)) (wfb::highways sudan gravel (* 4000 km)) (wfb::highways sudan improved_earth (* 2304 km)) (wfb::highways sudan unimproved_earth (* 12399 km)) (wfb::inland_waterways sudan "5,310 km navigable") (wfb::port sudan juba-sudan) (wfb::port sudan khartoum-sudan) (wfb::port sudan kusti-sudan) (wfb::port sudan malakal-sudan) (wfb::port sudan nimule-sudan) (wfb::port sudan port_sudan-sudan) (wfb::port sudan sawakin-sudan) (wfb::merchant_marine sudan total "5 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 43,024 GRT/122,379 DWT") (wfb::merchant_marine sudan ships_by_type "cargo 3, roll-on/roll-off cargo 2") (wfb::airports sudan total 70) (wfb::airports sudan |with paved runways over 3,047 m| 1) (wfb::airports sudan |with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m| 5) (wfb::airports sudan |with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m| 3) (wfb::airports sudan with_paved_runways_under_914_m 13) (wfb::airports sudan |with unpaved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m| 1) (wfb::airports sudan |with unpaved runways 1,524 to 2,438 m| 14) (wfb::airports sudan |with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m| 33) (wfb::telephone_system sudan "NA telephones; large, well-equipped system by African standards, but barely adequate and poorly maintained by modern standards") (wfb::telephone_system sudan local "NA") (wfb::telephone_system sudan intercity "consists of microwave radio relay, cable, radio communications, troposcatter, and a domestic satellite system with 14 stations") (wfb::telephone_system sudan international "1 INTELSAT (Atlantic Ocean) and 1 ARABSAT earth station") (wfb::radio sudan broadcast_stations am 11) (wfb::radio sudan broadcast_stations fm 0) (wfb::radio sudan broadcast_stations shortwave 0) (wfb::radio sudan radios n/a) (wfb::television sudan broadcast_stations 3) (wfb::television sudan televisions n/a) (wfb::defense_branch sudan army_sudan) (wfb::defense_branch sudan navy_sudan) (wfb::defense_branch sudan air_force_sudan) (wfb::defense_branch sudan popular_defense_force_militia_sudan) (wfb::manpower_availability sudan "males age 15-49 6,806,588; males fit for military service 4,185,206; males reach military age (18) annually 313,958 (1995 est.)") (wfb::defense_expenditures sudan (* 6.0e+8 $)) (wfb::defense_expenditures sudan (* 7.3 %_of_gdp)))) (swaziland ((wfb::location swaziland "Southern Africa, between Mozambique and South Africa") (wfb::map_references swaziland "Africa") (wfb::area swaziland total_area (* 17360 sq_km)) (wfb::area swaziland land_area (* 17200 sq_km)) (wfb::area swaziland comparative_area "slightly smaller than New Jersey") (wfb::borders swaziland total (* 535 km)) (wfb::borders swaziland mozambique (* 105 km)) (wfb::borders swaziland south_africa (* 430 km)) (wfb::coastline swaziland (* 0 km)) (wfb::maritime_claims swaziland "none; landlocked") (wfb::international_disputes swaziland "Swaziland has asked South Africa to open negotiations on reincorporating some nearby South African territories that are populated by ethnic Swazis or that were long ago part of the Swazi Kingdom") (wfb::climate swaziland "varies from tropical to near temperate") (wfb::terrain swaziland "mostly mountains and hills") (wfb::terrain swaziland "some moderately sloping plains") (wfb::natural-resource swaziland asbestos) (wfb::natural-resource swaziland coal) (wfb::natural-resource swaziland clay) (wfb::natural-resource swaziland cassiterite-natural-resource) (wfb::natural-resource swaziland hydropower-natural-resource) (wfb::natural-resource swaziland forests) (wfb::natural-resource swaziland small_gold_and_diamond_deposits) (wfb::natural-resource swaziland quarry_stone) (wfb::natural-resource swaziland talc) (wfb::land_use swaziland arable_land (* 10.9 %)) (wfb::land_use swaziland permanent_crops (* 0.2 %)) (wfb::land_use swaziland meadows_and_pastures (* 62.2 %)) (wfb::land_use swaziland forest_and_woodland (* 6.9 %)) (wfb::land_use swaziland other (* 19.8 %)) (wfb::irrigated_land swaziland (* 640 sq_km)) (wfb::environment swaziland current_issues "limited access to potable water") (wfb::environment swaziland current_issues "wildlife populations being depleted because of excessive hunting") (wfb::environment swaziland current_issues "overgrazing") (wfb::environment swaziland current_issues "soil degradation") (wfb::environment swaziland current_issues "soil erosion") (wfb::environment swaziland natural_hazards "NA") (wfb::environment swaziland international_agreements "party to - Biodiversity, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection") (wfb::environment swaziland international_agreements "signed, but not ratified - Climate Change, Law of the Sea") (wfb::note swaziland "landlocked; almost completely surrounded by South Africa") (wfb::population swaziland 966977) (wfb::age_structure swaziland 0-14_years (* 46 %)) (wfb::age_structure_by_sex swaziland 0-14_years female 222544) (wfb::age_structure_by_sex swaziland 0-14_years male 221003) (wfb::age_structure swaziland 15-64_years (* 52 %)) (wfb::age_structure_by_sex swaziland 15-64_years female 261973) (wfb::age_structure_by_sex swaziland 15-64_years male 238726) (wfb::age_structure swaziland 65_years_and_over (* 2 %)) (wfb::age_structure_by_sex swaziland 65_years_and_over female 13291) (wfb::age_structure_by_sex swaziland 65_years_and_over male 9440) (wfb::population_growth_rate swaziland (* 3.23 %)) (wfb::birth_rate swaziland (* 43.06 |births/1,000 population|)) (wfb::death_rate swaziland (* 10.8 |deaths/1,000 population|)) (wfb::net_migration_rate swaziland (* 0 |migrant(s)/1,000 population|)) (wfb::infant_mortality_rate swaziland (* 90.7 |deaths/1,000 live births|)) (wfb::life_expectancy_at_birth swaziland total_population (* 56.84 years)) (wfb::life_expectancy_at_birth swaziland male (* 52.83 years)) (wfb::life_expectancy_at_birth swaziland female (* 60.96 years)) (wfb::total_fertility_rate swaziland (* 6.1 children_born/woman)) (wfb::nationality swaziland noun "Swazi(s)") (wfb::nationality swaziland adjective "Swazi") (wfb::ethnic-entity swaziland african (* 97 %)) (wfb::ethnic-entity swaziland european (* 3 %)) (wfb::religion swaziland christian (* 60 %)) (wfb::religion swaziland indigenous_beliefs (* 40 %)) (wfb::language swaziland english n/a) (wfb::language swaziland siswati n/a) (wfb::literacy-condition swaziland "age 15 and over can read and write") (wfb::literacy swaziland total_population (* 67 %)) (wfb::literacy swaziland male (* 70 %)) (wfb::literacy swaziland female (* 65 %)) (wfb::total_labor_force swaziland n/a) (wfb::labor_force_by_occupation swaziland private_sector_about (* 65 %)) (wfb::labor_force_by_occupation swaziland public_sector (* 35 %)) (wfb::names swaziland conventional_long_form "Kingdom of Swaziland") (wfb::names swaziland conventional_short_form "Swaziland") (wfb::digraph swaziland "WZ") (type swaziland "monarchy; independent member of Commonwealth") (wfb::administrative_divisions swaziland adm_div_swaziland_districts 4) (wfb::administrative_division_of swaziland adm_div_swaziland_districts "Hhohho") (wfb::administrative_division_of swaziland adm_div_swaziland_districts "Lubombo") (wfb::administrative_division_of swaziland adm_div_swaziland_districts "Manzini") (wfb::administrative_division_of swaziland adm_div_swaziland_districts "Shiselweni") (wfb::independence swaziland date_6_sep_1968 "UK") (wfb::constitution swaziland "none; constitution of 6 September 1968 was suspended 12 April 1973; a new constitution was promulgated 13 October 1978, but has not been formally presented to the people") (wfb::legal_system swaziland "based on South African Roman-Dutch law in statutory courts, Swazi traditional law and custom in traditional courts; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction") (wfb::executive_branch swaziland chief_of_state "King MSWATI III " date_25_apr_1986) (wfb::executive_branch swaziland head_of_government "Prime Minister Prince Jameson Mbilini DLAMINI " date_12_nov_1993) (wfb::executive_branch swaziland cabinet "Cabinet") (wfb::legislative_structure swaziland bicameral "Parliament is advisory") (wfb::legislative_branch swaziland "Senate" "consists of 30 members (10 appointed by the House of Assembly and 20 appointed by the king)") (wfb::legislative_branch swaziland "House of Assembly" "elections last held NA October 1993 (next to be held NA); results - NA; seats - (65 total, 55 directly elected, 10 appointed by the king) - balloting held on a non-party basis") (wfb::judicial_branch swaziland "High Court, Court of Appeal") (wfb::political_parties_and_leaders swaziland illegal_parties "Peoples' United Democratic Movement (PUDEMO), Kilson SHONOWE; Swaziland Youth Congress (SWAYCO), Benedict TSABEDZE; Swaziland Communist Party (SWACOPA), Mphandlana SHONGWE") (wfb::member_of swaziland acp) (wfb::member_of swaziland afdb) (wfb::member_of swaziland c) (wfb::member_of swaziland ccc) (wfb::member_of swaziland eca) (wfb::member_of swaziland fao) (wfb::member_of swaziland g-77) (wfb::member_of swaziland gatt) (wfb::member_of swaziland ibrd) (wfb::member_of swaziland icao) (wfb::member_of swaziland icftu) (wfb::member_of swaziland icrm) (wfb::member_of swaziland ida) (wfb::member_of swaziland ifad) (wfb::member_of swaziland ifc) (wfb::member_of swaziland ifrcs) (wfb::member_of swaziland ilo) (wfb::member_of swaziland imf) (wfb::member_of swaziland intelsat) (wfb::member_of swaziland interpol) (wfb::member_of swaziland ioc) (wfb::member_of swaziland itu) (wfb::member_of swaziland nam) (wfb::member_of swaziland oau) (wfb::member_of swaziland pca) (wfb::member_of swaziland sacu) (wfb::member_of swaziland sadc) (wfb::member_of swaziland un) (wfb::member_of swaziland unctad) (wfb::member_of swaziland unesco) (wfb::member_of swaziland unido) (wfb::member_of swaziland upu) (wfb::member_of swaziland who) (wfb::member_of swaziland wipo) (wfb::member_of swaziland wmo) (wfb::diplomatic_representation_in_us swaziland chief_of_mission "Ambassador Madzandza Mary KHANYA") (wfb::diplomatic_representation_in_us swaziland chancery "3400 International Drive NW, Washington, DC 20008") (wfb::diplomatic_representation_in_us swaziland telephone "[1] (202) 362-6683, 6685") (wfb::diplomatic_representation_in_us swaziland fax "[1] (202) 244-8059") (wfb::us_diplomatic_representation swaziland chief_of_mission "Ambassador John T. SPROTT") (wfb::us_diplomatic_representation swaziland embassy "Central Bank Building, Warner Street, Mbabane") (wfb::us_diplomatic_representation swaziland mailing_address "P. O. Box 199, Mbabane") (wfb::us_diplomatic_representation swaziland telephone "[268] 46441 through 46445") (wfb::us_diplomatic_representation swaziland fax "[268] 45959") (wfb::flag swaziland "three horizontal bands of blue (top), red (triple width), and blue; the red band is edged in yellow; centered in the red band is a large black and white shield covering two spears and a staff decorated with feather tassels, all placed horizontally") (wfb::overview swaziland "The economy is based on subsistence agriculture, which occupies more than 60% of the population and contributes nearly 25% to GDP. Manufacturing, which includes a number of agroprocessing factories, accounts for another quarter of GDP. Mining has declined in importance in recent years; high-grade iron ore deposits were depleted by 1978, and health concerns cut world demand for asbestos. Exports of sugar and forestry products are the main earners of hard currency. Surrounded by South Africa, except for a short border with Mozambique, Swaziland is heavily dependent on South Africa, from which it receives 90% of its imports and to which it sends about half of its exports. Remittances from Swazi workers in South African mines may supplement domestically produced income by as much as 20%.") (wfb::national_product swaziland (* 3.3e+9 $)) (wfb::national_product_real_growth_rate swaziland (* 4.5 %)) (wfb::national_product_per_capita swaziland (* 3490 $)) (wfb::|Inflation rate (consumer prices)| swaziland "11.3% (1993 est.)") (wfb::unemployment_rate swaziland (* 15 %)) (wfb::budget swaziland revenues (* 3.42e+8 $)) (wfb::budget swaziland expenditures (* 4.1e+8 $)) (wfb::budget swaziland capital_expenditures (* 1.3e+8 $)) (wfb::exports swaziland (* 6.32e+8 $)) (wfb::exports swaziland commodities sugar-commodity n/a) (wfb::exports swaziland commodities edible_concentrates n/a) (wfb::exports swaziland commodities wood_pulp n/a) (wfb::exports swaziland commodities cotton_yarn n/a) (wfb::exports swaziland commodities asbestos-commodity n/a) (wfb::exports swaziland partners south_africa (* 50 %)) (wfb::exports swaziland partners ec_countries n/a) (wfb::exports swaziland partners canada n/a) (wfb::imports swaziland (* 7.34e+8 $)) (wfb::imports swaziland commodities motor_vehicles-commodity n/a) (wfb::imports swaziland commodities machinery n/a) (wfb::imports swaziland commodities transport_equipment n/a) (wfb::imports swaziland commodities petroleum_products-commodity n/a) (wfb::imports swaziland commodities foodstuffs n/a) (wfb::imports swaziland commodities chemicals-commodity n/a) (wfb::imports swaziland partners south_africa (* 90 %)) (wfb::imports swaziland partners switzerland n/a) (wfb::imports swaziland partners uk n/a) (wfb::external_debt swaziland (* 2.4e+8 $)) (wfb::industrial_production swaziland growth_rate (* 4.2 %)) (wfb::electricity swaziland capacity (* 120000 kw)) (wfb::electricity swaziland production (* 4.1e+8 kwh)) (wfb::electricity swaziland consumption_per_capita (* 1003 kwh)) (wfb::industry swaziland |mining (coal and asbestos)|) (wfb::industry swaziland wood_pulp-industry) (wfb::industry swaziland sugar) (wfb::agriculture swaziland "accounts for over 60% of labor force; mostly subsistence agriculture; cash crops - sugarcane, cotton, maize, tobacco, rice, citrus fruit, pineapples; other crops and livestock - corn, sorghum, peanuts, cattle, goats, sheep; not self-sufficient in grain") (wfb::economic_aid swaziland recipient "bilateral aid (1991) $35 million of which US disbursements $12 million, UK disbursements $6 million, and Denmark $2 million; multilateral aid (1991) $24 million of which EC disbursements $8 million") (wfb::currency swaziland lilangeni 100 cents) (wfb::exchange_rates swaziland "emalangeni (E) per US$1 -3.5389 (January 1995), 3.5490 (1994), 3.2636 (1993), 2.8497 (1992), 2.7563 (1991), 2.5863 (1990); note - the Swazi emalangeni is at par with the South African rand") (wfb::fiscal_year swaziland date_1_apr date_31_mar) (wfb::railroads swaziland total "297 km; note - includes 71 km which are not in use") (wfb::railroads swaziland narrow_gauge "297 km 1.067-m gauge (single track)") (wfb::highways swaziland total (* 2853 km)) (wfb::highways swaziland paved (* 510 km)) (wfb::highways swaziland (union crushed_stone gravel stabilized_earth) (* 1230 km)) (wfb::highways swaziland improved_earth (* 1113 km)) (wfb::airports swaziland total 18) (wfb::airports swaziland |with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m| 1) (wfb::airports swaziland with_paved_runways_under_914_m 9) (wfb::airports swaziland |with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m| 8) (wfb::telephone_system swaziland "17,000 telephones; telephone density is only 17.6 telephones/1,000 persons") (wfb::telephone_system swaziland local "NA") (wfb::telephone_system swaziland intercity "system consists of carrier-equipped open-wire lines and low-capacity radio relay microwave links") (wfb::telephone_system swaziland international "1 INTELSAT (Atlantic Ocean) earth station") (wfb::radio swaziland broadcast_stations am 7) (wfb::radio swaziland broadcast_stations fm 6) (wfb::radio swaziland broadcast_stations shortwave 0) (wfb::radio swaziland radios n/a) (wfb::television swaziland broadcast_stations 10) (wfb::television swaziland televisions n/a) (wfb::defense_branch swaziland umbutfo_swaziland_defense_force_swaziland) (wfb::defense_branch swaziland royal_swaziland_police_force_swaziland) (wfb::manpower_availability swaziland "males age 15-49 212,239; males fit for military service 122,782 (1995 est.)") (wfb::defense_expenditures swaziland (* 2.2e+7 $)) (wfb::defense_expenditures swaziland (* n/a %_of_gdp)))) (tanzania ((wfb::location tanzania "Eastern Africa, bordering the Indian Ocean, between Kenya and Mozambique") (wfb::map_references tanzania "Africa") (wfb::area tanzania total_area (* 945090 sq_km)) (wfb::area tanzania land_area (* 886040 sq_km)) (wfb::area tanzania comparative_area "slightly larger than twice the size of California") (wfb::borders tanzania total (* 3402 km)) (wfb::borders tanzania burundi (* 451 km)) (wfb::borders tanzania kenya (* 769 km)) (wfb::borders tanzania malawi (* 475 km)) (wfb::borders tanzania mozambique (* 756 km)) (wfb::borders tanzania rwanda (* 217 km)) (wfb::borders tanzania uganda (* 396 km)) (wfb::borders tanzania zambia (* 338 km)) (wfb::coastline tanzania (* 1424 km)) (wfb::maritime_claims tanzania exclusive_economic_zone (* 200 nm)) (wfb::maritime_claims tanzania territorial_sea (* 12 nm)) (wfb::international_disputes tanzania "boundary dispute with Malawi in Lake Nyasa") (wfb::international_disputes tanzania "Tanzania-Zaire-Zambia tripoint in Lake Tanganyika may no longer be indefinite since it is reported that the indefinite section of the Zaire-Zambia boundary has been settled") (wfb::climate tanzania "varies from tropical along coast to temperate in highlands") (wfb::terrain tanzania "plains along coast") (wfb::terrain tanzania "central plateau") (wfb::terrain tanzania "highlands in north, south") (wfb::natural-resource tanzania hydropower_potential) (wfb::natural-resource tanzania tin) (wfb::natural-resource tanzania phosphates) (wfb::natural-resource tanzania iron_ore) (wfb::natural-resource tanzania coal) (wfb::natural-resource tanzania diamonds) (wfb::natural-resource tanzania gemstones) (wfb::natural-resource tanzania gold) (wfb::natural-resource tanzania natural_gas) (wfb::natural-resource tanzania nickel) (wfb::land_use tanzania arable_land (* 5 %)) (wfb::land_use tanzania permanent_crops (* 1 %)) (wfb::land_use tanzania meadows_and_pastures (* 40 %)) (wfb::land_use tanzania forest_and_woodland (* 47 %)) (wfb::land_use tanzania other (* 7 %)) (wfb::irrigated_land tanzania (* 1530 sq_km)) (wfb::environment tanzania current_issues "soil degradation") (wfb::environment tanzania current_issues "deforestation") (wfb::environment tanzania current_issues "desertification") (wfb::environment tanzania current_issues "destruction of coral reefs threatens marine habitats") (wfb::environment tanzania current_issues "recent droughts affected marginal agriculture") (wfb::environment tanzania natural_hazards "the tsetse fly and lack of water limit agriculture") (wfb::environment tanzania natural_hazards "flooding on the central plateau during the rainy season") (wfb::environment tanzania international_agreements "party to - Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection") (wfb::environment tanzania international_agreements "signed, but not ratified - Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification") (wfb::note tanzania "Mount Kilimanjaro is highest point in Africa") (wfb::population tanzania 28701077) (wfb::age_structure tanzania 0-14_years (* 47 %)) (wfb::age_structure_by_sex tanzania 0-14_years female 6724575) (wfb::age_structure_by_sex tanzania 0-14_years male 6676652) (wfb::age_structure tanzania 15-64_years (* 50 %)) (wfb::age_structure_by_sex tanzania 15-64_years female 7462615) (wfb::age_structure_by_sex tanzania 15-64_years male 7027551) (wfb::age_structure tanzania 65_years_and_over (* 3 %)) (wfb::age_structure_by_sex tanzania 65_years_and_over female 425211) (wfb::age_structure_by_sex tanzania 65_years_and_over male 384473) (wfb::population_growth_rate tanzania (* 2.55 %)) (wfb::birth_rate tanzania (* 45.25 |births/1,000 population|)) (wfb::death_rate tanzania (* 19.81 |deaths/1,000 population|)) (wfb::net_migration_rate tanzania (* n/a |migrant(s)/1,000 population|)) (wfb::infant_mortality_rate tanzania (* 109 |deaths/1,000 live births|)) (wfb::life_expectancy_at_birth tanzania total_population (* 42.53 years)) (wfb::life_expectancy_at_birth tanzania male (* 40.88 years)) (wfb::life_expectancy_at_birth tanzania female (* 44.22 years)) (wfb::total_fertility_rate tanzania (* 6.15 children_born/woman)) (wfb::nationality tanzania noun "Tanzanian(s)") (wfb::nationality tanzania adjective "Tanzanian") (wfb::language tanzania swahili n/a) (wfb::language tanzania english n/a) (wfb::literacy-condition tanzania "age 15 and over has ability to read and write a letter or message in Kisahili") (wfb::literacy tanzania total_population (* 59 %)) (wfb::literacy tanzania male (* 71 %)) (wfb::literacy tanzania female (* 48 %)) (wfb::labor_force_by_occupation tanzania agriculture (* 90 %)) (wfb::labor_force_by_occupation tanzania industry_and_commerce (* 10 %)) (wfb::names tanzania conventional_long_form "United Republic of Tanzania") (wfb::names tanzania conventional_short_form "Tanzania") (wfb::names tanzania former "United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar") (wfb::digraph tanzania "TZ") (type tanzania "republic") (wfb::capital tanzania dar_es_salaam-tanzania) (wfb::administrative_divisions tanzania adm_div_tanzania_regions 25) (wfb::administrative_division_of tanzania adm_div_tanzania_regions "Arusha") (wfb::administrative_division_of tanzania adm_div_tanzania_regions "Dar es Salaam") (wfb::administrative_division_of tanzania adm_div_tanzania_regions "Dodoma") (wfb::administrative_division_of tanzania adm_div_tanzania_regions "Iringa") (wfb::administrative_division_of tanzania adm_div_tanzania_regions "Kigoma") (wfb::administrative_division_of tanzania adm_div_tanzania_regions "Kilimanjaro") (wfb::administrative_division_of tanzania adm_div_tanzania_regions "Lindi") (wfb::administrative_division_of tanzania adm_div_tanzania_regions "Mara") (wfb::administrative_division_of tanzania adm_div_tanzania_regions "Mbeya") (wfb::administrative_division_of tanzania adm_div_tanzania_regions "Morogoro") (wfb::administrative_division_of tanzania adm_div_tanzania_regions "Mtwara") (wfb::administrative_division_of tanzania adm_div_tanzania_regions "Mwanza") (wfb::administrative_division_of tanzania adm_div_tanzania_regions "Pemba North") (wfb::administrative_division_of tanzania adm_div_tanzania_regions "Pemba South") (wfb::administrative_division_of tanzania adm_div_tanzania_regions "Pwani") (wfb::administrative_division_of tanzania adm_div_tanzania_regions "Rukwa") (wfb::administrative_division_of tanzania adm_div_tanzania_regions "Ruvuma") (wfb::administrative_division_of tanzania adm_div_tanzania_regions "Shinyanga") (wfb::administrative_division_of tanzania adm_div_tanzania_regions "Singida") (wfb::administrative_division_of tanzania adm_div_tanzania_regions "Tabora") (wfb::administrative_division_of tanzania adm_div_tanzania_regions "Tanga") (wfb::administrative_division_of tanzania adm_div_tanzania_regions "Zanzibar Central/South") (wfb::administrative_division_of tanzania adm_div_tanzania_regions "Zanzibar North") (wfb::administrative_division_of tanzania adm_div_tanzania_regions "Zanzibar Urban/West") (wfb::administrative_division_of tanzania adm_div_tanzania_regions "Ziwa Magharibi") (wfb::independence tanzania date_26_apr_1964 "n/a") (wfb::national_holiday tanzania "Union Day" date_26_apr) (wfb::constitution tanzania "25 April 1977; major revisions October 1984") (wfb::legal_system tanzania "based on English common law; judicial review of legislative acts limited to matters of interpretation; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction") (wfb::suffrage tanzania (* 18 years_of_age)) (wfb::executive_branch tanzania chief_of_state "President Ali Hassan MWINYI " date_5_nov_1985) (wfb::executive_branch tanzania head_of_government "Prime Minister Cleopa David MSUYA " date_7_dec_1994) (wfb::executive_branch tanzania cabinet "Cabinet") (wfb::legislative_structure tanzania unicameral n/a) (wfb::legislative_branch tanzania "National Assembly (Bunge)" "elections last held 28 October 1990 (next to be held 29 October 1995); results - CCM was the only party; seats - (241 total, 168 elected) CCM 168") (wfb::judicial_branch tanzania "Court of Appeal, High Court") (wfb::political_parties_and_leaders tanzania "Chama Cha Mapinduzi (CCM or Revolutionary Party), Ali Hassan MWINYI; Civic United Front (CUF), James MAPALALA; National Convention for Construction and Reform (NCCR), Lyatonga (Augustine) MREMA; Union for Multiparty Democracy (UMD), Abdullah FUNDIKIRA; Chama Cha Demokrasia na Maendeleo (CHADEMA), Edwin I. M. MTEI, chairman; Democratic Party (unregistered), Reverend MTIKLA") (wfb::member_of tanzania acp) (wfb::member_of tanzania afdb) (wfb::member_of tanzania c) (wfb::member_of tanzania ccc) (wfb::member_of tanzania eadb) (wfb::member_of tanzania eca) (wfb::member_of tanzania fao) (wfb::member_of tanzania fls) (wfb::member_of tanzania g-_6) (wfb::member_of tanzania g-77) (wfb::member_of tanzania gatt) (wfb::member_of tanzania iaea) (wfb::member_of tanzania ibrd) (wfb::member_of tanzania icao) (wfb::member_of tanzania icrm) (wfb::member_of tanzania ida) (wfb::member_of tanzania ifad) (wfb::member_of tanzania ifc) (wfb::member_of tanzania ifrcs) (wfb::member_of tanzania ilo) (wfb::member_of tanzania imf) (wfb::member_of tanzania imo) (wfb::member_of tanzania intelsat) (wfb::member_of tanzania interpol) (wfb::member_of tanzania ioc) (wfb::member_of tanzania iso) (wfb::member_of tanzania itu) (wfb::member_of tanzania nam) (wfb::member_of tanzania oau) (wfb::member_of tanzania sadc) (wfb::member_of tanzania un) (wfb::member_of tanzania unctad) (wfb::member_of tanzania unesco) (wfb::member_of tanzania unhcr) (wfb::member_of tanzania unido) (wfb::member_of tanzania upu) (wfb::member_of tanzania wcl) (wfb::member_of tanzania wftu) (wfb::member_of tanzania who) (wfb::member_of tanzania wipo) (wfb::member_of tanzania wmo) (wfb::member_of tanzania wto) (wfb::diplomatic_representation_in_us tanzania chief_of_mission "Ambassador Charles Musama NYIRABU") (wfb::diplomatic_representation_in_us tanzania chancery "2139 R Street NW, Washington, DC 20008") (wfb::diplomatic_representation_in_us tanzania telephone "[1] (202) 939-6125") (wfb::diplomatic_representation_in_us tanzania fax "[1] (202) 797-7408") (wfb::us_diplomatic_representation tanzania chief_of_mission "Ambassador Brady ANDERSON") (wfb::us_diplomatic_representation tanzania embassy "36 Laibon Road (off Bagamoyo Road), Dar es Salaam") (wfb::us_diplomatic_representation tanzania mailing_address "P. O. Box 9123, Dar es Salaam") (wfb::us_diplomatic_representation tanzania telephone "[255] (51) 66010 through 66015") (wfb::us_diplomatic_representation tanzania fax "[255] (51) 66701") (wfb::flag tanzania "divided diagonally by a yellow-edged black band from the lower hoist-side corner; the upper triangle (hoist side) is green and the lower triangle is blue") (wfb::overview tanzania "Tanzania is one of the poorest countries in the world. The economy is heavily dependent on agriculture, which accounts for about 58% of GDP, provides 85% of exports, and employs 90% of the work force. Topography and climatic conditions, however, limit cultivated crops to only 5% of the land area. Industry accounts for 8% of GDP and is mainly limited to processing agricultural products and light consumer goods. The economic recovery program announced in mid-1986 has generated notable increases in agricultural production and financial support for the program by bilateral donors. The World Bank, the International Monetary Fund, and bilateral donors have provided funds to rehabilitate Tanzania's deteriorated economic infrastructure. Growth in 1991-94 has featured a pickup in industrial production and a substantial increase in output of minerals, led by gold. Recent banking reforms have helped increase private sector growth and investment.") (wfb::national_product tanzania (* 2.1e+10 $)) (wfb::national_product_real_growth_rate tanzania (* 3 %)) (wfb::national_product_per_capita tanzania (* 750 $)) (wfb::|Inflation rate (consumer prices)| tanzania "25% (1994 est.)") (wfb::unemployment_rate tanzania (* n/a %)) (wfb::budget tanzania revenues (* 4.95e+8 $)) (wfb::budget tanzania expenditures (* 6.31e+8 $)) (wfb::budget tanzania capital_expenditures (* 1.18e+8 $)) (wfb::exports tanzania (* 4.62e+8 $)) (wfb::exports tanzania commodities coffee n/a) (wfb::exports tanzania commodities cotton n/a) (wfb::exports tanzania commodities tobacco n/a) (wfb::exports tanzania commodities tea n/a) (wfb::exports tanzania commodities cashew_nuts n/a) (wfb::exports tanzania commodities sisal n/a) (wfb::exports tanzania partners germany n/a) (wfb::exports tanzania partners uk n/a) (wfb::exports tanzania partners japan n/a) (wfb::exports tanzania partners netherlands n/a) (wfb::exports tanzania partners kenya n/a) (wfb::exports tanzania partners hong_kong n/a) (wfb::exports tanzania partners us n/a) (wfb::imports tanzania (* 1.4e+9 $)) (wfb::imports tanzania commodities manufactured_goods n/a) (wfb::imports tanzania commodities machinery_and_transportation_equipment n/a) (wfb::imports tanzania commodities cotton_piece_goods n/a) (wfb::imports tanzania commodities crude_oil n/a) (wfb::imports tanzania commodities foodstuffs n/a) (wfb::imports tanzania partners germany n/a) (wfb::imports tanzania partners uk n/a) (wfb::imports tanzania partners us n/a) (wfb::imports tanzania partners japan n/a) (wfb::imports tanzania partners italy n/a) (wfb::imports tanzania partners denmark n/a) (wfb::external_debt tanzania (* 6.7000003e+9 $)) (wfb::industrial_production tanzania growth_rate (* 9.3 %)) (wfb::industrial_production tanzania accounts_for (* 8 %_of_gdp)) (wfb::electricity tanzania capacity (* 440000 kw)) (wfb::electricity tanzania production (* 8.8e+8 kwh)) (wfb::electricity tanzania consumption_per_capita (* 30 kwh)) (wfb::industry tanzania |primarily agricultural processing (sugar, beer, cigarettes, sisal twine)|) (wfb::industry tanzania diamond_and_gold_mining) (wfb::industry tanzania oil_refining) (wfb::industry tanzania shoes) (wfb::industry tanzania cement) (wfb::industry tanzania textiles) (wfb::industry tanzania wood_products) (wfb::industry tanzania fertilizer) (wfb::agriculture tanzania "accounts for about 58% of GDP; cash crops - coffee, sisal, tea, cotton, pyrethrum (insecticide made from chrysanthemums), cashews, tobacco, cloves (Zanzibar); food crops - corn, wheat, cassava, bananas, fruits, vegetables; small numbers of cattle, sheep, and goats; not self-sufficient in food grain production") (wfb::illicit_drugs tanzania "growing role in transshipment of Southwest Asian heroin destined for European and US markets") (wfb::economic_aid tanzania recipient "US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-89), $400 million; Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-89), $9.8 billion; OPEC bilateral aid (1979-89), $44 million; Communist countries (1970-89), $614 million") (wfb::currency tanzania tanzanian_shilling 100 cents) (wfb::exchange_rates tanzania "Tanzanian shillings (TSh) per US$1 - 523.40 (December 1994), 509.63 (1994), 405.27 (1993), 297.71 (1992), 219.16 (1991), 195.06 (1990)") (wfb::fiscal_year tanzania date_1_jul date_30_jun) (wfb::railroads tanzania total "2,600 km; note - not a part of Tanzania Railways Corporation is the Tanzania-Zambia Railway Authority (TAZARA), which operates 1,860 km of 1.067-m narrow gauge track between Dar es Salaam and New Kapiri M'poshi in Zambia; 969 km are in Tanzania and 891 km are in Zambia; because of the difference in gauge, this system does not connect to Tanzania Railways") (wfb::railroads tanzania narrow_gauge "2,600 km 1.000-m gauge") (wfb::highways tanzania total (* 81900 km)) (wfb::highways tanzania paved (* 3600 km)) (wfb::highways tanzania (union gravel crushed_stone) (* 5600 km)) (wfb::highways tanzania (union improved unimproved_earth) (* 72700 km)) (wfb::inland_waterways tanzania "Lake Tanganyika, Lake Victoria, Lake Nyasa") (wfb::port tanzania bukoba-tanzania) (wfb::port tanzania dar_es_salaam-tanzania) (wfb::port tanzania kigoma-tanzania) (wfb::port tanzania lindi-tanzania) (wfb::port tanzania mkoani-tanzania) (wfb::port tanzania mtwara-tanzania) (wfb::port tanzania musoma-tanzania) (wfb::port tanzania mwanza-tanzania) (wfb::port tanzania tanga-tanzania) (wfb::port tanzania wete-tanzania) (wfb::port tanzania zanzibar-tanzania) (wfb::merchant_marine tanzania total "7 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 29,145 GRT/39,186 DWT") (wfb::merchant_marine tanzania ships_by_type "cargo 3, oil tanker 1, passenger-cargo 2, roll-on/roll-off cargo 1") (wfb::airports tanzania total 108) (wfb::airports tanzania |with paved runways over 3,047 m| 2) (wfb::airports tanzania |with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m| 2) (wfb::airports tanzania |with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m| 6) (wfb::airports tanzania |with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m| 1) (wfb::airports tanzania with_paved_runways_under_914_m 30) (wfb::airports tanzania |with unpaved runways 1,524 to 2,438 m| 16) (wfb::airports tanzania |with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m| 51) (wfb::telephone_system tanzania "103,800 telephones; fair system operating below capacity") (wfb::telephone_system tanzania local "NA") (wfb::telephone_system tanzania intercity "open wire, microwave radio relay, troposcatter") (wfb::telephone_system tanzania international "2 satellite earth stations - 1 Indian Ocean INTELSAT and 1 Atlantic Ocean INTELSAT") (wfb::radio tanzania broadcast_stations am 12) (wfb::radio tanzania broadcast_stations fm 4) (wfb::radio tanzania broadcast_stations shortwave 0) (wfb::radio tanzania radios n/a) (wfb::television tanzania broadcast_stations 2) (wfb::television tanzania televisions n/a) (wfb::defense_branch tanzania |Tanzanian People's Defense Force_tanzania|) (wfb::defense_branch tanzania paramilitary_police_field_force_unit_tanzania) (wfb::defense_branch tanzania militia_tanzania) (wfb::manpower_availability tanzania "males age 15-49 6,188,455; males fit for military service 3,584,912 (1995 est.)") (wfb::defense_expenditures tanzania (* 6.9e+7 $)) (wfb::defense_expenditures tanzania (* n/a %_of_gdp)))) (togo ((wfb::location togo "Western Africa, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean, between Benin and Ghana") (wfb::map_references togo "Africa") (wfb::area togo total_area (* 56790 sq_km)) (wfb::area togo land_area (* 54390 sq_km)) (wfb::area togo comparative_area "slightly smaller than West Virginia") (wfb::borders togo total (* 1647 km)) (wfb::borders togo benin (* 644 km)) (wfb::borders togo burkina (* 126 km)) (wfb::borders togo ghana (* 877 km)) (wfb::coastline togo (* 56 km)) (wfb::maritime_claims togo exclusive_economic_zone (* 200 nm)) (wfb::maritime_claims togo territorial_sea (* 30 nm)) (wfb::international_disputes togo "none") (wfb::climate togo "tropical") (wfb::climate togo "hot, humid in south") (wfb::climate togo "semiarid in north") (wfb::terrain togo "gently rolling savanna in north") (wfb::terrain togo "central hills") (wfb::terrain togo "southern plateau") (wfb::terrain togo "low coastal plain with extensive lagoons and marshes") (wfb::natural-resource togo phosphates) (wfb::natural-resource togo limestone) (wfb::natural-resource togo marble) (wfb::land_use togo arable_land (* 25 %)) (wfb::land_use togo permanent_crops (* 1 %)) (wfb::land_use togo meadows_and_pastures (* 4 %)) (wfb::land_use togo forest_and_woodland (* 28 %)) (wfb::land_use togo other (* 42 %)) (wfb::irrigated_land togo (* 70 sq_km)) (wfb::environment togo current_issues "deforestation attributable to slash-and-burn agriculture and the use of wood for fuel") (wfb::environment togo current_issues "recent droughts affecting agriculture") (wfb::environment togo natural_hazards "hot, dry harmattan wind can reduce visibility in north during winter") (wfb::environment togo natural_hazards "periodic droughts") (wfb::environment togo international_agreements "party to - Endangered Species, Law of the Sea, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83") (wfb::environment togo international_agreements "signed, but not ratified - Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Tropical Timber 94") (wfb::population togo 4410370) (wfb::age_structure togo 0-14_years (* 49 %)) (wfb::age_structure_by_sex togo 0-14_years female 1069171) (wfb::age_structure_by_sex togo 0-14_years male 1079999) (wfb::age_structure togo 15-64_years (* 49 %)) (wfb::age_structure_by_sex togo 15-64_years female 1121685) (wfb::age_structure_by_sex togo 15-64_years male 1043000) (wfb::age_structure togo 65_years_and_over (* 2 %)) (wfb::age_structure_by_sex togo 65_years_and_over female 51392) (wfb::age_structure_by_sex togo 65_years_and_over male 45123) (wfb::population_growth_rate togo (* 3.58 %)) (wfb::birth_rate togo (* 46.78 |births/1,000 population|)) (wfb::death_rate togo (* 11.01 |deaths/1,000 population|)) (wfb::net_migration_rate togo (* 0 |migrant(s)/1,000 population|)) (wfb::infant_mortality_rate togo (* 86.5 |deaths/1,000 live births|)) (wfb::life_expectancy_at_birth togo total_population (* 57.42 years)) (wfb::life_expectancy_at_birth togo male (* 55.29 years)) (wfb::life_expectancy_at_birth togo female (* 59.6 years)) (wfb::total_fertility_rate togo (* 6.83 children_born/woman)) (wfb::nationality togo noun "Togolese (singular and plural)") (wfb::nationality togo adjective "Togolese") (wfb::religion togo indigenous_beliefs (* 70 %)) (wfb::religion togo christian (* 20 %)) (wfb::religion togo muslim (* 10 %)) (wfb::language togo french n/a) (wfb::language togo ewe_and_mina n/a) (wfb::language togo dagomba_and_kabye n/a) (wfb::literacy-condition togo "age 15 and over can read and write") (wfb::literacy togo total_population (* 43 %)) (wfb::literacy togo male (* 56 %)) (wfb::literacy togo female (* 31 %)) (wfb::total_labor_force togo n/a) (wfb::labor_force_by_occupation togo agriculture (* 80 %)) (wfb::names togo conventional_long_form "Republic of Togo") (wfb::names togo conventional_short_form "Togo") (wfb::names togo local_long_form "Republique Togolaise") (wfb::names togo former "French Togo") (wfb::digraph togo "TO") (type togo "republic under transition to multiparty democratic rule") (wfb::capital togo lome-togo) (wfb::administrative_divisions togo adm_div_togo_circumscriptions 23) (wfb::administrative_division_of togo adm_div_togo_circumscriptions "Amlame (Amou)") (wfb::administrative_division_of togo adm_div_togo_circumscriptions "Aneho (Lacs)") (wfb::administrative_division_of togo adm_div_togo_circumscriptions "Atakpame (Ogou)") (wfb::administrative_division_of togo adm_div_togo_circumscriptions "Badou (Wawa)") (wfb::administrative_division_of togo adm_div_togo_circumscriptions "Bafilo (Assoli)") (wfb::administrative_division_of togo adm_div_togo_circumscriptions "Bassar (Bassari)") (wfb::administrative_division_of togo adm_div_togo_circumscriptions "Dapango (Tone)") (wfb::administrative_division_of togo adm_div_togo_circumscriptions "Kande (Keran)") (wfb::administrative_division_of togo adm_div_togo_circumscriptions "Klouto (Kloto)") (wfb::administrative_division_of togo adm_div_togo_circumscriptions "Pagouda (Binah)") (wfb::administrative_division_of togo adm_div_togo_circumscriptions "Lama-Kara (Kozah)") (wfb::administrative_division_of togo adm_div_togo_circumscriptions "Lome (Golfe)") (wfb::administrative_division_of togo adm_div_togo_circumscriptions "Mango (Oti)") (wfb::administrative_division_of togo adm_div_togo_circumscriptions "Niamtougou (Doufelgou)") (wfb::administrative_division_of togo adm_div_togo_circumscriptions "Notse (Haho)") (wfb::administrative_division_of togo adm_div_togo_circumscriptions "Pagouda") (wfb::administrative_division_of togo adm_div_togo_circumscriptions "Sotouboua") (wfb::administrative_division_of togo adm_div_togo_circumscriptions "Tabligbo (Yoto)") (wfb::administrative_division_of togo adm_div_togo_circumscriptions "Tchamba") (wfb::administrative_division_of togo adm_div_togo_circumscriptions "Nyala") (wfb::administrative_division_of togo adm_div_togo_circumscriptions "Tchaoudjo") (wfb::administrative_division_of togo adm_div_togo_circumscriptions "Tsevie (Zio)") (wfb::administrative_division_of togo adm_div_togo_circumscriptions "Vogan (Vo)") (wfb::independence togo date_27_apr_1960 "French-administered UN trusteeship") (wfb::national_holiday togo "Independence Day" date_27_apr) (wfb::constitution togo "multiparty draft constitution approved by High Council of the Republic 1 July 1992; adopted by public referendum 27 September 1992") (wfb::legal_system togo "French-based court system") (wfb::suffrage togo (* n/a years_of_age)) (wfb::executive_branch togo chief_of_state "President Gen. Gnassingbe EYADEMA " date_14_apr_1967) (wfb::executive_branch togo head_of_government "Prime Minister Edem KODJO " date_apr_1994) (wfb::executive_branch togo cabinet "Council of Ministers") (wfb::legislative_structure togo unicameral n/a) (wfb::legislative_branch togo "National Assembly" "elections last held 6 and 20 February 1994 (next to be held NA); results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (81 total) CAR 36, RPT 35, UTD 7, UJD 2, CFN 1") (wfb::judicial_branch togo "Court of Appeal (Cour d'Appel), Supreme Court (Cour Supreme)") (wfb::political_parties_and_leaders togo "Rally of the Togolese People (RPT), President Gen. Gnassingbe EYADEMA; Coordination des Forces Nouvelles (CFN), Joseph KOFFIGOH; The Togolese Union for Democracy (UTD), Edem KODJO; The Action Committee for Renewal (CAR), Yao AGBOYIBOR; The Union for Democracy and Solidarity (UDS), Antoine FOLLY; The Pan-African Sociodemocrats Group (GSP), an alliance of three radical parties: The Democratic Convention of African Peoples (CDPA), Leopold GNININVI; The Party for Democracy and Renewal (PDR), Zarifou AYEVA; The Pan-African Social Party (PSP), Francis AGBAGLI; The Union of Forces for Change (UFC), Gilchrist OLYMPIO (in exile); Union of Justice and Democracy (UJD), Lal TAXPANDJAN") (wfb::member_of togo acct) (wfb::member_of togo acp) (wfb::member_of togo afdb) (wfb::member_of togo ccc) (wfb::member_of togo ceao) (wfb::member_of togo eca) (wfb::member_of togo ecowas) (wfb::member_of togo entente) (wfb::member_of togo fao) (wfb::member_of togo fz) (wfb::member_of togo g-77) (wfb::member_of togo gatt) (wfb::member_of togo ibrd) (wfb::member_of togo icao) (wfb::member_of togo icc) (wfb::member_of togo icftu) (wfb::member_of togo icrm) (wfb::member_of togo ida) (wfb::member_of togo ifad) (wfb::member_of togo ifc) (wfb::member_of togo ifrcs) (wfb::member_of togo ilo) (wfb::member_of togo imf) (wfb::member_of togo imo) (wfb::member_of togo intelsat) (wfb::member_of togo interpol) (wfb::member_of togo ioc) (wfb::member_of togo itu) (wfb::member_of togo minurso) (wfb::member_of togo nam) (wfb::member_of togo oau) (wfb::member_of togo un) (wfb::member_of togo unamir) (wfb::member_of togo unctad) (wfb::member_of togo unesco) (wfb::member_of togo unido) (wfb::member_of togo upu) (wfb::member_of togo wadb) (wfb::member_of togo wcl) (wfb::member_of togo wftu) (wfb::member_of togo who) (wfb::member_of togo wipo) (wfb::member_of togo wmo) (wfb::member_of togo wto) (wfb::diplomatic_representation_in_us togo chief_of_mission "Charge d'Affaires Edem Frederic HEGBE") (wfb::diplomatic_representation_in_us togo chancery "2208 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008") (wfb::diplomatic_representation_in_us togo telephone "[1] (202) 234-4212") (wfb::diplomatic_representation_in_us togo fax "[1] (202) 232-3190") (wfb::us_diplomatic_representation togo chief_of_mission "Ambassador Johnny YOUNG (since September 1994)") (wfb::us_diplomatic_representation togo embassy "Rue Pelletier Caventou and Rue Vauban, Lome") (wfb::us_diplomatic_representation togo mailing_address "B. P. 852, Lome") (wfb::us_diplomatic_representation togo telephone "[228] 21 77 17, 21 29 91 through 21 29 94") (wfb::us_diplomatic_representation togo fax "[228] 21 79 52") (wfb::flag togo "five equal horizontal bands of green (top and bottom) alternating with yellow; there is a white five-pointed star on a red square in the upper hoist-side corner; uses the popular pan-African colors of Ethiopia") (wfb::overview togo "The economy is heavily dependent on subsistence agriculture, which accounts for about half of GDP and provides employment for 80% of the labor force. Primary agricultural exports are cocoa, coffee, and cotton, which together generate about 30% of total export earnings. Togo is self-sufficient in basic foodstuffs when harvests are normal. In the industrial sector phosphate mining is by far the most important activity, although it has suffered from the collapse of world phosphate prices and increased foreign competition. Togo serves as a regional commercial and trade center. The government's decade-long IMF and World Bank supported effort to implement economic reform measures to encourage foreign investment and bring revenues in line with expenditures has stalled. Political unrest, including private and public sector strikes throughout 1992 and 1993, has jeopardized the reform program, shrunk the tax base, and disrupted vital economic activity. Although strikes had ended in 1994, political unrest and lack of funds prevented the government from taking advantage of the 50% currency devaluation of January 1994. Resumption of World Bank and IMF flows will depend on implementation of several controversial moves toward privatization and on downsizing the military, on which the regime depends to stay in power.") (wfb::national_product togo (* 3.3e+9 $)) (wfb::national_product_real_growth_rate togo (* n/a %)) (wfb::national_product_per_capita togo (* 800 $)) (wfb::|Inflation rate (consumer prices)| togo "0.5% (1991 est.)") (wfb::unemployment_rate togo (* n/a %)) (wfb::budget togo revenues (* 2.84e+8 $)) (wfb::budget togo expenditures (* 4.07e+8 $)) (wfb::budget togo capital_expenditures (* n/a $)) (wfb::exports togo (* 2.21e+8 $)) (wfb::exports togo commodities phosphates-commodity n/a) (wfb::exports togo commodities cotton n/a) (wfb::exports togo commodities cocoa n/a) (wfb::exports togo commodities coffee n/a) (wfb::exports togo partners ec (* 40 %)) (wfb::exports togo partners africa (* 16 %)) (wfb::exports togo partners us (* 1 %)) (wfb::imports togo (* 2.92e+8 $)) (wfb::imports togo commodities machinery_and_equipment n/a) (wfb::imports togo commodities consumer_goods n/a) (wfb::imports togo commodities food n/a) (wfb::imports togo commodities chemical_products n/a) (wfb::imports togo partners ec (* 57 %)) (wfb::imports togo partners africa (* 17 %)) (wfb::imports togo partners us (* 5 %)) (wfb::imports togo partners japan (* 4 %)) (wfb::external_debt togo (* 1.3e+9 $)) (wfb::industrial_production togo growth_rate (* 9 %)) (wfb::industrial_production togo accounts_for (* 20 %_of_gdp)) (wfb::electricity togo capacity (* 30000 kw)) (wfb::electricity togo production (* 6.0e+7 kwh)) (wfb::electricity togo consumption_per_capita (* 83 kwh)) (wfb::industry togo phosphate_mining) (wfb::industry togo agricultural_processing) (wfb::industry togo cement) (wfb::industry togo handicrafts) (wfb::industry togo textiles) (wfb::industry togo beverages-industry) (wfb::agriculture togo "accounts for 49% of GDP; cash crops - coffee, cocoa, cotton; food crops - yams, cassava, corn, beans, rice, millet, sorghum; livestock production not significant; annual fish catch of 10,000-14,000 tons") (wfb::illicit_drugs togo "increasingly used as transit hub by heroin traffickers") (wfb::economic_aid togo recipient "US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-90), $142 million; Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-90), $2 billion; OPEC bilateral aid (1979-89), $35 million; Communist countries (1970-89), $51 million") (wfb::currency togo cfa_franc 100 centimes) (wfb::exchange_rates togo "Communaute Financiere Africaine francs (CFAF) per US$1 - 529.43 (January 1995), 555.20 (1994), 283.16 (1993), 264.69 (1992), 282.11 (1991), 272.26 (1990)") (wfb::fiscal_year togo date_1_jan date_31_dec) (wfb::railroads togo total "532 km") (wfb::railroads togo narrow_gauge "532 km 1.000-m gauge") (wfb::highways togo total (* 6462 km)) (wfb::highways togo paved (* 1762 km)) (wfb::highways togo unimproved_earth (* 4700 km)) (wfb::inland_waterways togo "50 km Mono River") (wfb::port togo kpeme-togo) (wfb::port togo lome-togo) (wfb::merchant_marine togo "none") (wfb::airports togo total 9) (wfb::airports togo |with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m| 2) (wfb::airports togo with_paved_runways_under_914_m 2) (wfb::airports togo |with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m| 5) (wfb::telephone_system togo "NA telephones; fair system based on network of radio relay routes supplemented by open wire lines") (wfb::telephone_system togo local "NA") (wfb::telephone_system togo intercity "microwave radio relay and open wire lines") (wfb::telephone_system togo international "1 Atlantic Ocean INTELSAT and 1 SYMPHONIE earth station") (wfb::radio togo broadcast_stations am 2) (wfb::radio togo broadcast_stations fm 0) (wfb::radio togo broadcast_stations shortwave 0) (wfb::radio togo radios n/a) (wfb::television togo broadcast_stations 3) (wfb::television togo televisions n/a) (wfb::defense_branch togo army_togo) (wfb::defense_branch togo navy_togo) (wfb::defense_branch togo air_force_togo) (wfb::defense_branch togo gendarmerie_togo) (wfb::manpower_availability togo "males age 15-49 936,270; males fit for military service 491,578 (1995 est.)") (wfb::defense_expenditures togo (* 4.8e+7 $)) (wfb::defense_expenditures togo (* 2.9 %_of_gdp)))) (tunisa nil) (uganda ((wfb::location uganda "Eastern Africa, west of Kenya") (wfb::map_references uganda "Africa") (wfb::area uganda total_area (* 236040 sq_km)) (wfb::area uganda land_area (* 199710 sq_km)) (wfb::area uganda comparative_area "slightly smaller than Oregon") (wfb::borders uganda total (* 2698 km)) (wfb::borders uganda kenya (* 933 km)) (wfb::borders uganda rwanda (* 169 km)) (wfb::borders uganda sudan (* 435 km)) (wfb::borders uganda tanzania (* 396 km)) (wfb::borders uganda zaire (* 765 km)) (wfb::coastline uganda (* 0 km)) (wfb::maritime_claims uganda "none; landlocked") (wfb::international_disputes uganda "none") (wfb::climate uganda "tropical") (wfb::climate uganda "generally rainy with two dry seasons (December to February, June to August)") (wfb::climate uganda "semiarid in northeast") (wfb::terrain uganda "mostly plateau with rim of mountains") (wfb::natural-resource uganda copper) (wfb::natural-resource uganda cobalt) (wfb::natural-resource uganda limestone) (wfb::natural-resource uganda salt) (wfb::land_use uganda arable_land (* 23 %)) (wfb::land_use uganda permanent_crops (* 9 %)) (wfb::land_use uganda meadows_and_pastures (* 25 %)) (wfb::land_use uganda forest_and_woodland (* 30 %)) (wfb::land_use uganda other (* 13 %)) (wfb::irrigated_land uganda (* 90 sq_km)) (wfb::environment uganda current_issues "draining of wetlands for agricultural use") (wfb::environment uganda current_issues "deforestation") (wfb::environment uganda current_issues "overgrazing") (wfb::environment uganda current_issues "soil erosion") (wfb::environment uganda current_issues "poaching is widespread") (wfb::environment uganda natural_hazards "NA") (wfb::environment uganda international_agreements "party to - Biodiversity, Climate Change, Endangered Species, Law of the Sea, Marine Life Conservation, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands") (wfb::environment uganda international_agreements "signed, but not ratified - Environmental Modification") (wfb::note uganda "landlocked") (wfb::population uganda 19573262) (wfb::age_structure uganda 0-14_years (* 49 %)) (wfb::age_structure_by_sex uganda 0-14_years female 4792164) (wfb::age_structure_by_sex uganda 0-14_years male 4834757) (wfb::age_structure uganda 15-64_years (* 49 %)) (wfb::age_structure_by_sex uganda 15-64_years female 4802650) (wfb::age_structure_by_sex uganda 15-64_years male 4704159) (wfb::age_structure uganda 65_years_and_over (* 2 %)) (wfb::age_structure_by_sex uganda 65_years_and_over female 215648) (wfb::age_structure_by_sex uganda 65_years_and_over male 223884) (wfb::population_growth_rate uganda (* 2.25 %)) (wfb::birth_rate uganda (* 48.03 |births/1,000 population|)) (wfb::death_rate uganda (* 24.35 |deaths/1,000 population|)) (wfb::net_migration_rate uganda (* n/a |migrant(s)/1,000 population|)) (wfb::infant_mortality_rate uganda (* 112.2 |deaths/1,000 live births|)) (wfb::life_expectancy_at_birth uganda total_population (* 36.58 years)) (wfb::life_expectancy_at_birth uganda male (* 36.26 years)) (wfb::life_expectancy_at_birth uganda female (* 36.91 years)) (wfb::total_fertility_rate uganda (* 6.7 children_born/woman)) (wfb::nationality uganda noun "Ugandan(s)") (wfb::nationality uganda adjective "Ugandan") (wfb::ethnic-entity uganda baganda (* 17 %)) (wfb::ethnic-entity uganda karamojong (* 12 %)) (wfb::ethnic-entity uganda basogo (* 8 %)) (wfb::ethnic-entity uganda iteso (* 8 %)) (wfb::ethnic-entity uganda langi (* 6 %)) (wfb::ethnic-entity uganda rwanda-ethnic-entity (* 6 %)) (wfb::ethnic-entity uganda bagisu (* 5 %)) (wfb::ethnic-entity uganda acholi (* 4 %)) (wfb::ethnic-entity uganda lugbara (* 4 %)) (wfb::ethnic-entity uganda bunyoro (* 3 %)) (wfb::ethnic-entity uganda batobo (* 3 %)) (wfb::ethnic-entity uganda union24 (* 1 %)) (wfb::religion uganda roman_catholic (* 33 %)) (wfb::religion uganda protestant (* 33 %)) (wfb::religion uganda muslim (* 16 %)) (wfb::religion uganda indigenous_beliefs (* 18 %)) (wfb::language uganda english n/a) (wfb::language uganda luganda n/a) (wfb::language uganda swahili n/a) (wfb::language uganda bantu_languages n/a) (wfb::language uganda nilotic_languages n/a) (wfb::literacy-condition uganda "age 15 and over can read and write") (wfb::literacy uganda total_population (* 56 %)) (wfb::literacy uganda male (* 68 %)) (wfb::literacy uganda female (* 45 %)) (wfb::labor_force_by_occupation uganda agriculture_over (* 80 %)) (wfb::names uganda conventional_long_form "Republic of Uganda") (wfb::names uganda conventional_short_form "Uganda") (wfb::digraph uganda "UG") (type uganda "republic") (wfb::capital uganda kampala-uganda) (wfb::administrative_divisions uganda adm_div_uganda_districts 39) (wfb::administrative_division_of uganda adm_div_uganda_districts "Apac") (wfb::administrative_division_of uganda adm_div_uganda_districts "Arua") (wfb::administrative_division_of uganda adm_div_uganda_districts "Bundibugyo") (wfb::administrative_division_of uganda adm_div_uganda_districts "Bushenyi") (wfb::administrative_division_of uganda adm_div_uganda_districts "Gulu") (wfb::administrative_division_of uganda adm_div_uganda_districts "Hoima") (wfb::administrative_division_of uganda adm_div_uganda_districts "Iganga") (wfb::administrative_division_of uganda adm_div_uganda_districts "Jinja") (wfb::administrative_division_of uganda adm_div_uganda_districts "Kabale") (wfb::administrative_division_of uganda adm_div_uganda_districts "Kabarole") (wfb::administrative_division_of uganda adm_div_uganda_districts "Kalangala") (wfb::administrative_division_of uganda adm_div_uganda_districts "Kampala") (wfb::administrative_division_of uganda adm_div_uganda_districts "Kamuli") (wfb::administrative_division_of uganda adm_div_uganda_districts "Kapchorwa") (wfb::administrative_division_of uganda adm_div_uganda_districts "Kasese") (wfb::administrative_division_of uganda adm_div_uganda_districts "Kibale") (wfb::administrative_division_of uganda adm_div_uganda_districts "Kiboga") (wfb::administrative_division_of uganda adm_div_uganda_districts "Kisoro") (wfb::administrative_division_of uganda adm_div_uganda_districts "Kitgum") (wfb::administrative_division_of uganda adm_div_uganda_districts "Kotido") (wfb::administrative_division_of uganda adm_div_uganda_districts "Kumi") (wfb::administrative_division_of uganda adm_div_uganda_districts "Lira") (wfb::administrative_division_of uganda adm_div_uganda_districts "Luwero") (wfb::administrative_division_of uganda adm_div_uganda_districts "Masaka") (wfb::administrative_division_of uganda adm_div_uganda_districts "Masindi") (wfb::administrative_division_of uganda adm_div_uganda_districts "Mbale") (wfb::administrative_division_of uganda adm_div_uganda_districts "Mbarara") (wfb::administrative_division_of uganda adm_div_uganda_districts "Moroto") (wfb::administrative_division_of uganda adm_div_uganda_districts "Moyo") (wfb::administrative_division_of uganda adm_div_uganda_districts "Mpigi") (wfb::administrative_division_of uganda adm_div_uganda_districts "Mubende") (wfb::administrative_division_of uganda adm_div_uganda_districts "Mukono") (wfb::administrative_division_of uganda adm_div_uganda_districts "Nebbi") (wfb::administrative_division_of uganda adm_div_uganda_districts "Ntungamo") (wfb::administrative_division_of uganda adm_div_uganda_districts "Pallisa") (wfb::administrative_division_of uganda adm_div_uganda_districts "Rakai") (wfb::administrative_division_of uganda adm_div_uganda_districts "Rukungiri") (wfb::administrative_division_of uganda adm_div_uganda_districts "Sototi") (wfb::administrative_division_of uganda adm_div_uganda_districts "Tororo") (wfb::independence uganda date_9_oct_1962 "UK") (wfb::national_holiday uganda "Independence Day" date_9_oct) (wfb::constitution uganda "8 September 1967, in process of constitutional revision") (wfb::legal_system uganda "government plans to restore system based on English common law and customary law and reinstitute a normal judicial system; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations") (wfb::suffrage uganda (* 18 years_of_age)) (wfb::executive_branch uganda chief_of_state "President Lt. Gen. Yoweri Kaguta MUSEVENI " date_29_jan_1986) (wfb::executive_branch uganda head_of_government "Prime Minister Kintu MUSOKE " date_18_nov_1994) (wfb::executive_branch uganda cabinet "Cabinet") (wfb::legislative_structure uganda unicameral n/a) (wfb::legislative_branch uganda "National Resistance Council" "elections last held 28 March 1993 (next to be held end of 1995); results - 284 non-partisan delegates elected to an interim Constituent Assembly with the principal task of writing a final draft of a new constitution for Uganda on the basis of which a regular Constituent Assembly will be elected") (wfb::judicial_branch uganda "Court of Appeal, High Court") (wfb::political_parties_and_leaders uganda "only party - National Resistance Movement (NRM), Yoweri MUSEVENI") (wfb::other_political_or_pressure_groups uganda "Lord's Resistance Army (LRA); Ruwenzori Movement") (wfb::member_of uganda acp) (wfb::member_of uganda afdb) (wfb::member_of uganda c) (wfb::member_of uganda ccc) (wfb::member_of uganda eadb) (wfb::member_of uganda eca) (wfb::member_of uganda fao) (wfb::member_of uganda g-77) (wfb::member_of uganda gatt) (wfb::member_of uganda iaea) (wfb::member_of uganda ibrd) (wfb::member_of uganda icao) (wfb::member_of uganda icftu) (wfb::member_of uganda icrm) (wfb::member_of uganda ida) (wfb::member_of uganda idb) (wfb::member_of uganda ifad) (wfb::member_of uganda ifc) (wfb::member_of uganda ifrcs) (wfb::member_of uganda igadd) (wfb::member_of uganda ilo) (wfb::member_of uganda imf) (wfb::member_of uganda intelsat) (wfb::member_of uganda interpol) (wfb::member_of uganda ioc) (wfb::member_of uganda iom) (wfb::member_of uganda iso) (wfb::member_of uganda itu) (wfb::member_of uganda nam) (wfb::member_of uganda oau) (wfb::member_of uganda oic) (wfb::member_of uganda pca) (wfb::member_of uganda un) (wfb::member_of uganda unctad) (wfb::member_of uganda unesco) (wfb::member_of uganda unhcr) (wfb::member_of uganda unido) (wfb::member_of uganda unitar) (wfb::member_of uganda upu) (wfb::member_of uganda wftu) (wfb::member_of uganda who) (wfb::member_of uganda wipo) (wfb::member_of uganda wmo) (wfb::member_of uganda wto) (wfb::diplomatic_representation_in_us uganda chief_of_mission "Ambassador Stephen Kapimpina KATENTA-APULI") (wfb::diplomatic_representation_in_us uganda chancery "5911 16th Street NW, Washington, DC 20011") (wfb::diplomatic_representation_in_us uganda telephone "[1] (202) 726-7100 through 7102, 0416") (wfb::diplomatic_representation_in_us uganda fax "[1] (202) 726-1727") (wfb::us_diplomatic_representation uganda chief_of_mission "Ambassador E. Michael SOUTHWICK") (wfb::us_diplomatic_representation uganda embassy "Parliament Avenue, Kampala") (wfb::us_diplomatic_representation uganda mailing_address "P. O. Box 7007, Kampala") (wfb::us_diplomatic_representation uganda telephone "[256] (41) 259792, 259793, 259795") (wfb::us_diplomatic_representation uganda fax "[256] (41) 259794") (wfb::flag uganda "six equal horizontal bands of black (top), yellow, red, black, yellow, and red; a white disk is superimposed at the center and depicts a red-crested crane (the national symbol) facing the staff side") (wfb::overview uganda "Uganda has substantial natural resources, including fertile soils, regular rainfall, and sizable mineral deposits of copper and cobalt. Agriculture is the most important sector of the economy, employing over 80% of the work force. Coffee is the major export crop and accounts for the bulk of export revenues. Since 1986 the government - with the support of foreign countries and international agencies - has acted to rehabilitate and stabilize the economy by undertaking currency reform, raising producer prices on export crops, increasing prices of petroleum products, and improving civil service wages. The policy changes are especially aimed at dampening inflation and boosting production and export earnings. In 1990-94, the economy turned in a solid performance based on continued investment in the rehabilitation of infrastructure, improved incentives for production and exports, and gradually improving domestic security. The economy again prospered in 1994 with rapid growth, low inflation, growing foreign investment, a trimmed bureaucracy, and the continued return of exiled Indian-Ugandan entrepreneurs.") (wfb::national_product uganda (* 1.6199999e+10 $)) (wfb::national_product_real_growth_rate uganda (* 6 %)) (wfb::national_product_per_capita uganda (* 850 $)) (wfb::|Inflation rate (consumer prices)| uganda "5% (1994 est.)") (wfb::unemployment_rate uganda (* n/a %)) (wfb::budget uganda revenues (* 3.65e+8 $)) (wfb::budget uganda expenditures (* 5.45e+8 $)) (wfb::budget uganda capital_expenditures (* 1.65e+8 $)) (wfb::exports uganda (* 2.37e+8 $)) (wfb::exports uganda commodities coffee (* 97 %)) (wfb::exports uganda commodities cotton n/a) (wfb::exports uganda commodities tea n/a) (wfb::exports uganda partners us (* 25 %)) (wfb::exports uganda partners uk (* 18 %)) (wfb::exports uganda partners france (* 11 %)) (wfb::exports uganda partners spain (* 10 %)) (wfb::imports uganda (* 6.96e+8 $)) (wfb::imports uganda commodities petroleum_products-commodity n/a) (wfb::imports uganda commodities machinery n/a) (wfb::imports uganda commodities cotton_piece_goods n/a) (wfb::imports uganda commodities metals n/a) (wfb::imports uganda commodities transportation_equipment n/a) (wfb::imports uganda commodities food n/a) (wfb::imports uganda partners kenya (* 25 %)) (wfb::imports uganda partners uk (* 14 %)) (wfb::imports uganda partners italy (* 13 %)) (wfb::external_debt uganda (* 2.9e+9 $)) (wfb::industrial_production uganda growth_rate (* 1.5 %)) (wfb::industrial_production uganda accounts_for (* 5 %_of_gdp)) (wfb::electricity uganda capacity (* 160000 kw)) (wfb::electricity uganda production (* 7.8e+8 kwh)) (wfb::electricity uganda consumption_per_capita (* 32 kwh)) (wfb::industry uganda sugar) (wfb::industry uganda brewing) (wfb::industry uganda tobacco-industry) (wfb::industry uganda cotton_textiles) (wfb::industry uganda cement) (wfb::agriculture uganda "mainly subsistence; accounts for 57% of GDP and over 80% of labor force; cash crops - coffee, tea, cotton, tobacco; food crops - cassava, potatoes, corn, millet, pulses; livestock products - beef, goat meat, milk, poultry; self-sufficient in food") (wfb::economic_aid uganda recipient "US commitments, including Ex-Im (1970-89), $145 million; Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-89), $1.4 billion; OPEC bilateral aid (1979-89), $60 million; Communist countries (1970-89), $169 million") (wfb::currency uganda ugandan_shilling 100 cents) (wfb::exchange_rates uganda "Ugandan shillings (USh) per US$1 - 1,195 (December 1994), 1,195.0 (1993), 1.133.8 (1992), 734.0 (1991), 428.85 (1990), 223.1 (1989)") (wfb::fiscal_year uganda date_1_jul date_30_jun) (wfb::railroads uganda total "1,300 km single track") (wfb::railroads uganda narrow_gauge "1,300 km 1.000-m-gauge") (wfb::highways uganda total (* 26200 km)) (wfb::highways uganda paved (* 1970 km)) (wfb::highways uganda (union gravel crushed_stone) (* 5849 km)) (wfb::highways uganda (union earth tracks) (* 18381 km)) (wfb::inland_waterways uganda "Lake Victoria, Lake Albert, Lake Kyoga, Lake George, Lake Edward; Victoria Nile, Albert Nile; principal inland water ports are at Jinja and Port Bell, both on Lake Victoria") (wfb::port uganda entebbe-uganda) (wfb::port uganda jinja-uganda) (wfb::port uganda port_bell-uganda) (wfb::merchant_marine uganda total "3 roll-on/roll-off cargo ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 5,091 GRT/NA DWT") (wfb::airports uganda total 29) (wfb::airports uganda |with paved runways over 3,047 m| 3) (wfb::airports uganda |with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m| 1) (wfb::airports uganda with_paved_runways_under_914_m 9) (wfb::airports uganda |with unpaved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m| 1) (wfb::airports uganda |with unpaved runways 1,524 to 2,438 m| 6) (wfb::airports uganda |with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m| 9) (wfb::telephone_system uganda "NA telephones; fair system") (wfb::telephone_system uganda local "NA") (wfb::telephone_system uganda intercity "microwave and radio communications stations") (wfb::telephone_system uganda international "1 INTELSAT (Atlantic Ocean) earth station") (wfb::radio uganda broadcast_stations am 10) (wfb::radio uganda broadcast_stations fm 0) (wfb::radio uganda broadcast_stations shortwave 0) (wfb::radio uganda radios n/a) (wfb::television uganda broadcast_stations 9) (wfb::television uganda televisions n/a) (wfb::defense_branch uganda army_uganda) (wfb::defense_branch uganda navy_uganda) (wfb::defense_branch uganda air_wing_uganda) (wfb::manpower_availability uganda "males age 15-49 4,231,019; males fit for military service 2,298,654 (1995 est.)") (wfb::defense_expenditures uganda (* 5.5e+7 $)))) (western_sahara ((wfb::location western_sahara "Northern Africa, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean, between Mauritania and Morocco") (wfb::map_references western_sahara "Africa") (wfb::area western_sahara total_area (* 266000 sq_km)) (wfb::area western_sahara land_area (* 266000 sq_km)) (wfb::area western_sahara comparative_area "slightly smaller than Colorado") (wfb::borders western_sahara total (* 2046 km)) (wfb::borders western_sahara algeria (* 42 km)) (wfb::borders western_sahara mauritania (* 1561 km)) (wfb::borders western_sahara morocco (* 443 km)) (wfb::coastline western_sahara (* 1110 km)) (wfb::international_disputes western_sahara "claimed and administered by Morocco, but sovereignty is unresolved and the UN is attempting to hold a referendum on the issue") (wfb::international_disputes western_sahara "the UN-administered cease-fire has been currently in effect since September 1991") (wfb::climate western_sahara "hot, dry desert") (wfb::climate western_sahara "rain is rare") (wfb::climate western_sahara "cold offshore air currents produce fog and heavy dew") (wfb::terrain western_sahara "mostly low, flat desert with large areas of rocky or sandy surfaces rising to small mountains in south and northeast") (wfb::natural-resource western_sahara phosphates) (wfb::natural-resource western_sahara iron_ore) (wfb::land_use western_sahara arable_land (* 0 %)) (wfb::land_use western_sahara permanent_crops (* 0 %)) (wfb::land_use western_sahara meadows_and_pastures (* 19 %)) (wfb::land_use western_sahara forest_and_woodland (* 0 %)) (wfb::land_use western_sahara other (* 81 %)) (wfb::irrigated_land western_sahara (* n/a sq_km)) (wfb::environment western_sahara current_issues "sparse water and arable land") (wfb::environment western_sahara natural_hazards "hot, dry, dust/sand-laden sirocco wind can occur during winter and spring") (wfb::environment western_sahara natural_hazards "widespread harmattan haze exists 60% of time, often severely restricting visibility") (wfb::environment western_sahara international_agreements "NA") (wfb::population western_sahara 217211) (wfb::population_growth_rate western_sahara (* 2.48 %)) (wfb::birth_rate western_sahara (* 46.9 |births/1,000 population|)) (wfb::death_rate western_sahara (* 18.52 |deaths/1,000 population|)) (wfb::net_migration_rate western_sahara (* -3.62 |migrant(s)/1,000 population|)) (wfb::infant_mortality_rate western_sahara (* 148.95 |deaths/1,000 live births|)) (wfb::life_expectancy_at_birth western_sahara total_population (* 46.31 years)) (wfb::life_expectancy_at_birth western_sahara male (* 45.34 years)) (wfb::life_expectancy_at_birth western_sahara female (* 47.59 years)) (wfb::total_fertility_rate western_sahara (* 6.91 children_born/woman)) (wfb::nationality western_sahara noun "Sahrawi(s), Sahraoui(s)") (wfb::nationality western_sahara adjective "Sahrawian, Sahraouian") (wfb::ethnic-entity western_sahara arab n/a) (wfb::ethnic-entity western_sahara berber n/a) (wfb::religion western_sahara muslim n/a) (wfb::language western_sahara hassaniya_arabic n/a) (wfb::language western_sahara moroccan_arabic n/a) (wfb::literacy-condition western_sahara "NA%") (wfb::total_labor_force western_sahara 12000) (wfb::labor_force_by_occupation western_sahara animal_husbandry_and_subsistence_farming (* 50 %)) (wfb::names western_sahara conventional_short_form "Western Sahara") (wfb::digraph western_sahara "WI") (type western_sahara "legal status of territory and question of sovereignty unresolved; territory contested by Morocco and Polisario Front (Popular Front for the Liberation of the Saguia el Hamra and Rio de Oro), which in February 1976 formally proclaimed a government in exile of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic (SADR); territory partitioned between Morocco and Mauritania in April 1976, with Morocco acquiring northern two-thirds; Mauritania, under pressure from Polisario guerrillas, abandoned all claims to its portion in August 1979; Morocco moved to occupy that sector shortly thereafter and has since asserted administrative control; the Polisario's government in exile was seated as an OAU member in 1984; guerrilla activities continued sporadically, until a UN-monitored cease-fire was implemented 6 September 1991") (wfb::diplomatic_representation_in_us western_sahara "none") (wfb::us_diplomatic_representation western_sahara "none") (wfb::overview western_sahara "Western Sahara, a territory poor in natural resources and having little rainfall, depends on pastoral nomadism, fishing, and phosphate mining as the principal sources of income for the population. Most of the food for the urban population must be imported. All trade and other economic activities are controlled by the Moroccan Government. Incomes and standards of living are substantially below the Moroccan level.") (wfb::national_product_real_growth_rate western_sahara (* n/a %)) (wfb::national_product_per_capita western_sahara (* n/a $)) (wfb::|Inflation rate (consumer prices)| western_sahara "NA%") (wfb::unemployment_rate western_sahara (* n/a %)) (wfb::budget western_sahara revenues (* n/a $)) (wfb::budget western_sahara expenditures (* n/a $)) (wfb::budget western_sahara capital_expenditures (* n/a $)) (wfb::exports western_sahara (* 8000000.0 $)) (wfb::imports western_sahara (* 3.0e+7 $)) (wfb::imports western_sahara commodities fuel_for_fishing_fleet n/a) (wfb::imports western_sahara commodities foodstuffs n/a) (wfb::external_debt western_sahara (* n/a $)) (wfb::industrial_production western_sahara growth_rate (* n/a %)) (wfb::electricity western_sahara capacity (* 60000 kw)) (wfb::electricity western_sahara production (* 7.9e+7 kwh)) (wfb::electricity western_sahara consumption_per_capita (* 339 kwh)) (wfb::industry western_sahara phosphate_mining) (wfb::industry western_sahara handicrafts) (wfb::agriculture western_sahara "limited largely to subsistence agriculture and fishing; some barley is grown in nondrought years; fruit and vegetables are grown in the few oases; food imports are essential; camels, sheep, and goats are kept by the nomadic natives; cash economy exists largely for the garrison forces") (wfb::economic_aid western_sahara "$NA") (wfb::currency western_sahara moroccan_dirham 100 centimes) (wfb::exchange_rates western_sahara "Moroccan dirhams (DH) per US$1 - 8.892 (January 1995), 9.203 (1994), 9.299 (1993), 8.538 (1992), 8.707 (1991), 8.242 (1990)") (wfb::railroads western_sahara "0 km") (wfb::highways western_sahara total (* 6200 km)) (wfb::highways western_sahara gravel (* 1450 km)) (wfb::highways western_sahara (union improved unimproved_earth tracks) (* 4750 km)) (wfb::port western_sahara ad_dakhla-western_sahara) (wfb::port western_sahara cabo_bojador-western_sahara) (wfb::port western_sahara el_aaiun-western_sahara) (wfb::airports western_sahara total 14) (wfb::airports western_sahara |with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m| 3) (wfb::airports western_sahara with_paved_runways_under_914_m 3) (wfb::airports western_sahara |with unpaved runways 1,524 to 2,438 m| 1) (wfb::airports western_sahara |with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m| 7) (wfb::telephone_system western_sahara "2,000 telephones; sparse and limited system") (wfb::telephone_system western_sahara local "NA") (wfb::telephone_system western_sahara intercity "NA") (wfb::telephone_system western_sahara international "tied into Morocco's system by microwave radio relay, troposcatter, and 2 INTELSAT (Atlantic Ocean) earth stations linked to Rabat, Morocco") (wfb::radio western_sahara broadcast_stations am 2) (wfb::radio western_sahara broadcast_stations fm 0) (wfb::radio western_sahara broadcast_stations shortwave 0) (wfb::radio western_sahara radios n/a) (wfb::television western_sahara broadcast_stations 2) (wfb::television western_sahara televisions n/a))) (zaire ((wfb::location zaire "Central Africa, northeast of Angola") (wfb::map_references zaire "Africa") (wfb::area zaire total_area (* 2345410 sq_km)) (wfb::area zaire land_area (* 2267600 sq_km)) (wfb::area zaire comparative_area "slightly more than one-quarter the size of US") (wfb::borders zaire total (* 10271 km)) (wfb::borders zaire angola (* 2511 km)) (wfb::borders zaire burundi (* 233 km)) (wfb::borders zaire central_african_republic (* 1577 km)) (wfb::borders zaire congo (* 2410 km)) (wfb::borders zaire rwanda (* 217 km)) (wfb::borders zaire sudan (* 628 km)) (wfb::borders zaire uganda (* 765 km)) (wfb::borders zaire zambia (* 1930 km)) (wfb::coastline zaire (* 37 km)) (wfb::maritime_claims zaire territorial_sea (* 12 nm)) (wfb::international_disputes zaire "Tanzania-Zaire-Zambia tripoint in Lake Tanganyika may no longer be indefinite since it is reported that the indefinite section of the Zaire-Zambia boundary has been settled") (wfb::international_disputes zaire "long section with Congo along the Congo River is indefinite (no division of the river or its islands has been made)") (wfb::climate zaire "tropical") (wfb::climate zaire "hot and humid in equatorial river basin") (wfb::climate zaire "cooler and drier in southern highlands") (wfb::climate zaire "cooler and wetter in eastern highlands") (wfb::climate zaire "north of Equator - wet season April to October, dry season December to February") (wfb::climate zaire "south of Equator - wet season November to March, dry season April to October") (wfb::terrain zaire "vast central basin is a low-lying plateau") (wfb::terrain zaire "mountains in east") (wfb::natural-resource zaire cobalt) (wfb::natural-resource zaire copper) (wfb::natural-resource zaire cadmium) (wfb::natural-resource zaire petroleum) (wfb::natural-resource zaire industrial_and_gem_diamonds) (wfb::natural-resource zaire gold) (wfb::natural-resource zaire silver) (wfb::natural-resource zaire zinc) (wfb::natural-resource zaire manganese) (wfb::natural-resource zaire tin) (wfb::natural-resource zaire germanium) (wfb::natural-resource zaire uranium) (wfb::natural-resource zaire radium) (wfb::natural-resource zaire bauxite) (wfb::natural-resource zaire iron_ore) (wfb::natural-resource zaire coal) (wfb::natural-resource zaire hydropower_potential) (wfb::land_use zaire arable_land (* 3 %)) (wfb::land_use zaire permanent_crops (* 0 %)) (wfb::land_use zaire meadows_and_pastures (* 4 %)) (wfb::land_use zaire forest_and_woodland (* 78 %)) (wfb::land_use zaire other (* 15 %)) (wfb::irrigated_land zaire (* 100 sq_km)) (wfb::environment zaire current_issues "poaching threatens wildlife populations") (wfb::environment zaire current_issues "water pollution") (wfb::environment zaire current_issues "deforestation") (wfb::environment zaire current_issues "1.2 million Rwandan refugees are responsible for significant deforestation, soil erosion, and wildlife poaching in eastern Zaire") (wfb::environment zaire natural_hazards "periodic droughts in south") (wfb::environment zaire natural_hazards "volcanic activity") (wfb::environment zaire international_agreements "party to - Biodiversity, Climate Change, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Tropical Timber 83") (wfb::environment zaire international_agreements "signed, but not ratified - Desertification, Environmental Modification") (wfb::note zaire "straddles Equator; very narrow strip of land that controls the lower Congo River and is only outlet to South Atlantic Ocean; dense tropical rain forest in central river basin and eastern highlands") (wfb::population zaire 44060636) (wfb::age_structure zaire 0-14_years (* 48 %)) (wfb::age_structure_by_sex zaire 0-14_years female 10522368) (wfb::age_structure_by_sex zaire 0-14_years male 10527451) (wfb::age_structure zaire 15-64_years (* 50 %)) (wfb::age_structure_by_sex zaire 15-64_years female 11211353) (wfb::age_structure_by_sex zaire 15-64_years male 10630118) (wfb::age_structure zaire 65_years_and_over (* 2 %)) (wfb::age_structure_by_sex zaire 65_years_and_over female 647307) (wfb::age_structure_by_sex zaire 65_years_and_over male 522039) (wfb::population_growth_rate zaire (* 3.18 %)) (wfb::birth_rate zaire (* 48.33 |births/1,000 population|)) (wfb::death_rate zaire (* 16.57 |deaths/1,000 population|)) (wfb::net_migration_rate zaire (* n/a |migrant(s)/1,000 population|)) (wfb::infant_mortality_rate zaire (* 108.7 |deaths/1,000 live births|)) (wfb::life_expectancy_at_birth zaire total_population (* 47.54 years)) (wfb::life_expectancy_at_birth zaire male (* 45.68 years)) (wfb::life_expectancy_at_birth zaire female (* 49.46 years)) (wfb::total_fertility_rate zaire (* 6.7 children_born/woman)) (wfb::nationality zaire noun "Zairian(s)") (wfb::nationality zaire adjective "Zairian") (wfb::religion zaire roman_catholic (* 50 %)) (wfb::religion zaire protestant (* 20 %)) (wfb::religion zaire kimbanguist (* 10 %)) (wfb::religion zaire muslim (* 10 %)) (wfb::language zaire french n/a) (wfb::language zaire lingala n/a) (wfb::language zaire swahili n/a) (wfb::language zaire kingwana n/a) (wfb::language zaire kikongo n/a) (wfb::language zaire tshiluba n/a) (wfb::literacy-condition zaire "age 15 and over can read and write") (wfb::literacy zaire total_population (* 72 %)) (wfb::literacy zaire male (* 84 %)) (wfb::literacy zaire female (* 61 %)) (wfb::labor_force_by_occupation zaire agriculture (* 75 %)) (wfb::labor_force_by_occupation zaire industry (* 13 %)) (wfb::labor_force_by_occupation zaire services (* 12 %)) (wfb::names zaire conventional_long_form "Republic of Zaire") (wfb::names zaire conventional_short_form "Zaire") (wfb::names zaire local_long_form "Republique du Zaire") (wfb::names zaire local_short_form "Zaire") (wfb::names zaire former "Belgian Congo Congo/Leopoldville Congo/Kinshasa") (wfb::digraph zaire "CG") (type zaire "republic with a strong presidential system") (wfb::capital zaire kinshasa-zaire) (wfb::administrative_divisions zaire adm_div_zaire_regions 10) (wfb::administrative_divisions zaire adm_div_zaire_town 1) (wfb::administrative_division_of zaire adm_div_zaire_regions "Bandundu") (wfb::administrative_division_of zaire adm_div_zaire_regions "Bas-Zaire") (wfb::administrative_division_of zaire adm_div_zaire_regions "Equateur") (wfb::administrative_division_of zaire adm_div_zaire_regions "Haut-Zaire") (wfb::administrative_division_of zaire adm_div_zaire_regions "Kasai-Occidental") (wfb::administrative_division_of zaire adm_div_zaire_regions "Kasai-Oriental") (wfb::administrative_division_of zaire adm_div_zaire_town "Kinshasa") (wfb::administrative_division_of zaire adm_div_zaire_regions "Maniema") (wfb::administrative_division_of zaire adm_div_zaire_regions "Nord-Kivu") (wfb::administrative_division_of zaire adm_div_zaire_regions "Shaba") (wfb::administrative_division_of zaire adm_div_zaire_regions "Sud-Kivu") (wfb::independence zaire date_30_jun_1960 "Belgium") (wfb::constitution zaire "24 June 1967, amended August 1974, revised 15 February 1978; amended April 1990; new transitional constitution promulgated in April 1994") (wfb::legal_system zaire "based on Belgian civil law system and tribal law; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction") (wfb::suffrage zaire (* 18 years_of_age)) (wfb::executive_branch zaire head_of_government "Prime Minister Leon KENGO wa Dondo " date_14_jun_1994) (wfb::executive_branch zaire cabinet "National Executive Council") (wfb::legislative_structure zaire unicameral n/a) (wfb::legislative_branch zaire "parliament" "a single body consisting of the High Council of the Republic and the Parliament of the Transition with membership equally divided between presidential supporters and opponents") (wfb::judicial_branch zaire "Supreme Court (Cour Supreme)") (wfb::political_parties_and_leaders zaire "sole legal party until January 1991 - Popular Movement of the Revolution (MPR); other parties include Union for Democracy and Social Progress (UDPS), Etienne TSHISEKEDI wa Mulumba; Democratic Social Christian Party (PDSC); Union of Federalists and Independent Republicans (UFERI); Unified Lumumbast Party (PALU), Antoine GIZENGA; Union of Independent Democrats (UDI), Leon KENGO wa Dondo") (wfb::member_of zaire acct) (wfb::member_of zaire acp) (wfb::member_of zaire afdb) (wfb::member_of zaire ccc) (wfb::member_of zaire ceeac) (wfb::member_of zaire cepgl) (wfb::member_of zaire eca) (wfb::member_of zaire fao) (wfb::member_of zaire g-19) (wfb::member_of zaire g-24) (wfb::member_of zaire g-77) (wfb::member_of zaire gatt) (wfb::member_of zaire iaea) (wfb::member_of zaire ibrd) (wfb::member_of zaire icao) (wfb::member_of zaire icc) (wfb::member_of zaire icrm) (wfb::member_of zaire ida) (wfb::member_of zaire ifad) (wfb::member_of zaire ifc) (wfb::member_of zaire ifrcs) (wfb::member_of zaire ilo) (wfb::member_of zaire imf) (wfb::member_of zaire imo) (wfb::member_of zaire intelsat) (wfb::member_of zaire interpol) (wfb::member_of zaire ioc) (wfb::member_of zaire itu) (wfb::member_of zaire nam) (wfb::member_of zaire oau) (wfb::member_of zaire pca) (wfb::member_of zaire un) (wfb::member_of zaire unctad) (wfb::member_of zaire unesco) (wfb::member_of zaire unhcr) (wfb::member_of zaire unido) (wfb::member_of zaire upu) (wfb::member_of zaire wcl) (wfb::member_of zaire wftu) (wfb::member_of zaire who) (wfb::member_of zaire wipo) (wfb::member_of zaire wmo) (wfb::member_of zaire wto) (wfb::diplomatic_representation_in_us zaire chief_of_mission "Ambassador TATANENE Manata") (wfb::diplomatic_representation_in_us zaire chancery "1800 New Hampshire Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20009") (wfb::diplomatic_representation_in_us zaire telephone "[1] (202) 234-7690, 7691") (wfb::us_diplomatic_representation zaire chief_of_mission "(vacant); Charge d'Affaires John M. YATES") (wfb::us_diplomatic_representation zaire embassy "310 Avenue des Aviateurs, Kinshasa") (wfb::us_diplomatic_representation zaire mailing_address "Unit 31550, Kinshasha; APO AE 09828") (wfb::us_diplomatic_representation zaire telephone "[243] (12) 21532, 21628") (wfb::us_diplomatic_representation zaire fax "[243] (12) 21534 ext. 2308, 21535 ext. 2308; (88) 43805, 43467") (wfb::flag zaire "light green with a yellow disk in the center bearing a black arm holding a red flaming torch; the flames of the torch are blowing away from the hoist side; uses the popular pan-African colors of Ethiopia") (wfb::overview zaire "Zaire's economy has continued to disintegrate although Prime Minister KENGO has had some success in slowing the rate of economic decline. While meaningful economic figures are difficult to come by, Zaire's hyperinflation, chronic large government deficits, and plunging mineral production have made the country one of the world's poorest. Most formal transactions are conducted in hard currency as indigenous bank notes have lost almost all value, and a barter economy now flourishes in all but the largest cities. Most individuals and families hang on grimly through subsistence farming and petty trade. The government has not been able to meet its financial obligations to the International Monetary Fund or put in place the financial measures advocated by the IMF. Although short-term prospects for improvement are dim, improved political stability would boost Zaire's long-term potential to effectively exploit its vast wealth of mineral and agricultural resources.") (wfb::national_product zaire (* 1.8800001e+10 $)) (wfb::national_product_real_growth_rate zaire (* 4 %)) (wfb::national_product_per_capita zaire (* 440 $)) (wfb::|Inflation rate (consumer prices)| zaire "40% per month (1993 est.)") (wfb::unemployment_rate zaire (* n/a %)) (wfb::budget zaire revenues (* n/a $)) (wfb::budget zaire expenditures (* n/a $)) (wfb::budget zaire capital_expenditures (* n/a $)) (wfb::exports zaire (* 3.62e+8 $)) (wfb::exports zaire commodities copper-commodity n/a) (wfb::exports zaire commodities coffee n/a) (wfb::exports zaire commodities diamonds-commodity n/a) (wfb::exports zaire commodities cobalt-commodity n/a) (wfb::exports zaire commodities crude_oil n/a) (wfb::exports zaire partners us n/a) (wfb::exports zaire partners belgium n/a) (wfb::exports zaire partners france n/a) (wfb::exports zaire partners germany n/a) (wfb::exports zaire partners italy n/a) (wfb::exports zaire partners uk n/a) (wfb::exports zaire partners japan n/a) (wfb::exports zaire partners south_africa n/a) (wfb::imports zaire (* 3.56e+8 $)) (wfb::imports zaire commodities consumer_goods n/a) (wfb::imports zaire commodities foodstuffs n/a) (wfb::imports zaire commodities mining_and_other_machinery n/a) (wfb::imports zaire commodities transport_equipment n/a) (wfb::imports zaire commodities fuels n/a) (wfb::imports zaire partners south_africa n/a) (wfb::imports zaire partners us n/a) (wfb::imports zaire partners belgium n/a) (wfb::imports zaire partners france n/a) (wfb::imports zaire partners germany n/a) (wfb::imports zaire partners italy n/a) (wfb::imports zaire partners japan n/a) (wfb::imports zaire partners uk n/a) (wfb::external_debt zaire (* 9.2e+9 $)) (wfb::industrial_production zaire growth_rate (* -20 %)) (wfb::industrial_production zaire accounts_for (* 16 %_of_gdp)) (wfb::electricity zaire capacity (* 2830000 kw)) (wfb::electricity zaire production (* 6.2e+9 kwh)) (wfb::electricity zaire consumption_per_capita (* 133 kwh)) (wfb::industry zaire mining) (wfb::industry zaire mineral_processing) (wfb::industry zaire |consumer products (including textiles, footwear, cigarettes, processed foods and beverages)|) (wfb::industry zaire cement) (wfb::industry zaire diamonds-industry) (wfb::agriculture zaire "cash crops - coffee, palm oil, rubber, quinine; food crops - cassava, bananas, root crops, corn") (wfb::illicit_drugs zaire "illicit producer of cannabis, mostly for domestic consumption") (wfb::economic_aid zaire recipient "US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-89), $1.1 billion; Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-89), $6.9 billion; OPEC bilateral aid (1979-89), $35 million; Communist countries (1970-89), $263 million") (wfb::abbreviation zaire "Z") (wfb::currency zaire zaire 100 makuta) (wfb::exchange_rates zaire "new zaires (Z) per US$1 - 3,275.71 (December 1994), 1,194.12 (1994), 2.51 (1993); zaire (Z) per US$1 - 645,549 (1992), 15,587 (1991), 719 (1990)") (wfb::fiscal_year zaire date_1_jan date_31_dec) (wfb::railroads zaire total "5,138 km; note - severely reduced trackage in use because of civil strife") (wfb::railroads zaire narrow_gauge "3,987 km 1.067-m gauge (858 km electrified); 125 km 1.000-m gauge; 1,026 km 0.600-m gauge") (wfb::highways zaire total (* 146500 km)) (wfb::highways zaire paved (* 2800 km)) (wfb::highways zaire (union gravel improved_earth) (* 46200 km)) (wfb::highways zaire unimproved_earth (* 97500 km)) (wfb::inland_waterways zaire "15,000 km including the Congo, its tributaries, and unconnected lakes") (wfb::port zaire banana-zaire) (wfb::port zaire boma-zaire) (wfb::port zaire bukavu-zaire) (wfb::port zaire bumba-zaire) (wfb::port zaire goma-zaire) (wfb::port zaire kalemie-zaire) (wfb::port zaire kindu-zaire) (wfb::port zaire kinshasa-zaire) (wfb::port zaire kisangani-zaire) (wfb::port zaire matadi-zaire) (wfb::port zaire mbandaka-zaire) (wfb::merchant_marine zaire "none") (wfb::airports zaire total 270) (wfb::airports zaire |with paved runways over 3,047 m| 4) (wfb::airports zaire |with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m| 3) (wfb::airports zaire |with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m| 15) (wfb::airports zaire |with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m| 2) (wfb::airports zaire with_paved_runways_under_914_m 97) (wfb::airports zaire |with unpaved runways 1,524 to 2,438 m| 22) (wfb::airports zaire |with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m| 127) (wfb::telephone_system zaire "NA telephones") (wfb::telephone_system zaire local "NA") (wfb::telephone_system zaire intercity "NA barely adequate wire and microwave service in and between urban areas; 14 domestic earth stations") (wfb::telephone_system zaire international "1 INTELSAT (Atlantic Ocean) earth station") (wfb::radio zaire broadcast_stations am 10) (wfb::radio zaire broadcast_stations fm 4) (wfb::radio zaire broadcast_stations shortwave 0) (wfb::radio zaire radios n/a) (wfb::television zaire broadcast_stations 18) (wfb::television zaire televisions n/a) (wfb::defense_branch zaire army_zaire) (wfb::defense_branch zaire navy_zaire) (wfb::defense_branch zaire air_force_zaire) (wfb::defense_branch zaire national_gendarmerie_zaire) (wfb::defense_branch zaire paramilitary_civil_guard_zaire) (wfb::defense_branch zaire special_presidential_division_zaire) (wfb::manpower_availability zaire "males age 15-49 9,479,245; males fit for military service 4,828,367 (1995 est.)") (wfb::defense_expenditures zaire (* 4.6e+7 $)) (wfb::defense_expenditures zaire (* 1.5 %_of_gdp)))) (zambia ((wfb::location zambia "Southern Africa, east of Angola") (wfb::map_references zambia "Africa") (wfb::area zambia total_area (* 752610 sq_km)) (wfb::area zambia land_area (* 740720 sq_km)) (wfb::area zambia comparative_area "slightly larger than Texas") (wfb::borders zambia total (* 5664 km)) (wfb::borders zambia angola (* 1110 km)) (wfb::borders zambia malawi (* 837 km)) (wfb::borders zambia mozambique (* 419 km)) (wfb::borders zambia namibia (* 233 km)) (wfb::borders zambia tanzania (* 338 km)) (wfb::borders zambia zaire (* 1930 km)) (wfb::borders zambia zimbabwe (* 797 km)) (wfb::coastline zambia (* 0 km)) (wfb::maritime_claims zambia "none; landlocked") (wfb::international_disputes zambia "quadripoint with Botswana, Namibia, and Zimbabwe is in disagreement") (wfb::international_disputes zambia "Tanzania-Zaire-Zambia tripoint in Lake Tanganyika may no longer be indefinite since it is reported that the indefinite section of the Zaire-Zambia boundary has been settled") (wfb::climate zambia "tropical") (wfb::climate zambia "modified by altitude") (wfb::climate zambia "rainy season (October to April)") (wfb::terrain zambia "mostly high plateau with some hills and mountains") (wfb::natural-resource zambia copper) (wfb::natural-resource zambia cobalt) (wfb::natural-resource zambia zinc) (wfb::natural-resource zambia lead) (wfb::natural-resource zambia coal) (wfb::natural-resource zambia emeralds) (wfb::natural-resource zambia gold) (wfb::natural-resource zambia silver) (wfb::natural-resource zambia uranium) (wfb::natural-resource zambia hydropower_potential) (wfb::land_use zambia arable_land (* 7 %)) (wfb::land_use zambia permanent_crops (* 0 %)) (wfb::land_use zambia meadows_and_pastures (* 47 %)) (wfb::land_use zambia forest_and_woodland (* 27 %)) (wfb::land_use zambia other (* 19 %)) (wfb::irrigated_land zambia (* 320 sq_km)) (wfb::environment zambia current_issues "air pollution and resulting acid rain in the mineral extraction and refining region") (wfb::environment zambia current_issues "poaching seriously threatens rhinoceros and elephant populations") (wfb::environment zambia current_issues "deforestation") (wfb::environment zambia current_issues "soil erosion") (wfb::environment zambia current_issues "desertification") (wfb::environment zambia current_issues "lack of adequate water treatment presents human health risks") (wfb::environment zambia natural_hazards "tropical storms (November to April)") (wfb::environment zambia international_agreements "party to - Biodiversity, Climate Change, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands") (wfb::environment zambia international_agreements "signed, but not ratified - Desertification") (wfb::note zambia "landlocked") (wfb::population zambia 9445723) (wfb::age_structure zambia 0-14_years (* 50 %)) (wfb::age_structure_by_sex zambia 0-14_years female 2331820) (wfb::age_structure_by_sex zambia 0-14_years male 2363319) (wfb::age_structure zambia 15-64_years (* 48 %)) (wfb::age_structure_by_sex zambia 15-64_years female 2332798) (wfb::age_structure_by_sex zambia 15-64_years male 2193363) (wfb::age_structure zambia 65_years_and_over (* 2 %)) (wfb::age_structure_by_sex zambia 65_years_and_over female 112484) (wfb::age_structure_by_sex zambia 65_years_and_over male 111939) (wfb::population_growth_rate zambia (* 2.7 %)) (wfb::birth_rate zambia (* 45.47 |births/1,000 population|)) (wfb::death_rate zambia (* 18.42 |deaths/1,000 population|)) (wfb::net_migration_rate zambia (* -0.04 |migrant(s)/1,000 population|)) (wfb::infant_mortality_rate zambia (* 86 |deaths/1,000 live births|)) (wfb::life_expectancy_at_birth zambia total_population (* 42.88 years)) (wfb::life_expectancy_at_birth zambia male (* 42.74 years)) (wfb::life_expectancy_at_birth zambia female (* 43.03 years)) (wfb::total_fertility_rate zambia (* 6.62 children_born/woman)) (wfb::nationality zambia noun "Zambian(s)") (wfb::nationality zambia adjective "Zambian") (wfb::ethnic-entity zambia african (* 98.7 %)) (wfb::ethnic-entity zambia european (* 1.1 %)) (wfb::religion zambia christian_50% (* -75 %)) (wfb::religion zambia muslim_and_hindu_24% (* -49 %)) (wfb::religion zambia indigenous_beliefs (* 1 %)) (wfb::language zambia english n/a) (wfb::literacy-condition zambia "age 15 and over can read and write") (wfb::literacy zambia total_population (* 73 %)) (wfb::literacy zambia male (* 81 %)) (wfb::literacy zambia female (* 65 %)) (wfb::total_labor_force zambia 3400000.0) (wfb::labor_force_by_occupation zambia agriculture (* 85 %)) (wfb::labor_force_by_occupation zambia mining-occupation-type n/a) (wfb::labor_force_by_occupation zambia manufacturing n/a) (wfb::labor_force_by_occupation zambia construction (* 6 %)) (wfb::labor_force_by_occupation zambia transport_and_services (* 9 %)) (wfb::names zambia conventional_long_form "Republic of Zambia") (wfb::names zambia conventional_short_form "Zambia") (wfb::names zambia former "Northern Rhodesia") (wfb::digraph zambia "ZA") (type zambia "republic") (wfb::capital zambia lusaka-zambia) (wfb::administrative_divisions zambia adm_div_zambia_provinces 9) (wfb::administrative_division_of zambia adm_div_zambia_provinces "Central") (wfb::administrative_division_of zambia adm_div_zambia_provinces "Copperbelt") (wfb::administrative_division_of zambia adm_div_zambia_provinces "Eastern") (wfb::administrative_division_of zambia adm_div_zambia_provinces "Luapula") (wfb::administrative_division_of zambia adm_div_zambia_provinces "Lusaka") (wfb::administrative_division_of zambia adm_div_zambia_provinces "Northern") (wfb::administrative_division_of zambia adm_div_zambia_provinces "North-Western") (wfb::administrative_division_of zambia adm_div_zambia_provinces "Southern") (wfb::administrative_division_of zambia adm_div_zambia_provinces "Western") (wfb::independence zambia date_24_oct_1964 "UK") (wfb::national_holiday zambia "Independence Day" date_24_oct) (wfb::constitution zambia "2 August 1991") (wfb::legal_system zambia "based on English common law and customary law; judicial review of legislative acts in an ad hoc constitutional council; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction") (wfb::suffrage zambia (* 18 years_of_age)) (wfb::executive_branch zambia chief_of_state "President Frederick CHILUBA " date_31_oct_1991) (wfb::executive_branch zambia head_of_government "President Frederick CHILUBA " date_31_oct_1991) (wfb::executive_branch zambia cabinet "Cabinet") (wfb::legislative_structure zambia unicameral n/a) (wfb::legislative_branch zambia "National Assembly" "elections last held 31 October 1991 (next to be held NA 1996); results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (150 total) MMD 125, UNIP 25; note - the MMD's majority was weakened by the defection of 13 of its parliamentary members during 1993 and the defeat of its candidates in 4 of the resulting by-elections") (wfb::judicial_branch zambia "Supreme Court") (wfb::political_parties_and_leaders zambia "Movement for Multiparty Democracy (MMD), Frederick CHILUBA; United National Independence Party (UNIP), Kebby MUSOKATWANE; National Party (NP), Inonge MBIKUSITA-LEWANIKA;") (wfb::member_of zambia acp) (wfb::member_of zambia afdb) (wfb::member_of zambia c) (wfb::member_of zambia ccc) (wfb::member_of zambia eca) (wfb::member_of zambia fao) (wfb::member_of zambia fls) (wfb::member_of zambia g-19) (wfb::member_of zambia g-77) (wfb::member_of zambia gatt) (wfb::member_of zambia iaea) (wfb::member_of zambia ibrd) (wfb::member_of zambia icao) (wfb::member_of zambia icftu) (wfb::member_of zambia icrm) (wfb::member_of zambia ida) (wfb::member_of zambia ifad) (wfb::member_of zambia ifc) (wfb::member_of zambia ifrcs) (wfb::member_of zambia ilo) (wfb::member_of zambia imf) (wfb::member_of zambia intelsat) (wfb::member_of zambia interpol) (wfb::member_of zambia ioc) (wfb::member_of zambia iom) (wfb::member_of zambia itu) (wfb::member_of zambia nam) (wfb::member_of zambia oau) (wfb::member_of zambia sadc) (wfb::member_of zambia un) (wfb::member_of zambia unctad) (wfb::member_of zambia unesco) (wfb::member_of zambia unido) (wfb::member_of zambia unomoz) (wfb::member_of zambia upu) (wfb::member_of zambia wcl) (wfb::member_of zambia who) (wfb::member_of zambia wipo) (wfb::member_of zambia wmo) (wfb::member_of zambia wto) (wfb::diplomatic_representation_in_us zambia chief_of_mission "Ambassador Dunstan Weston KAMANA") (wfb::diplomatic_representation_in_us zambia chancery "2419 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008") (wfb::diplomatic_representation_in_us zambia telephone "[1] (202) 265-9717 through 9719") (wfb::diplomatic_representation_in_us zambia fax "[1] (202) 332-0826") (wfb::us_diplomatic_representation zambia chief_of_mission "Ambassador Roland K. KUCHEL") (wfb::us_diplomatic_representation zambia embassy "corner of Independence Avenue and United Nations Avenue, Lusaka") (wfb::us_diplomatic_representation zambia mailing_address "P. O. Box 31617, Lusaka") (wfb::us_diplomatic_representation zambia telephone "[260] (1) 228595, 228601, 228602, 228603") (wfb::us_diplomatic_representation zambia fax "[260] (1) 261538") (wfb::flag zambia "green with a panel of three vertical bands of red (hoist side), black, and orange below a soaring orange eagle, on the outer edge of the flag") (wfb::overview zambia "Prior to 1993 the economy had been in decline for more than a decade with falling imports and growing foreign debt. Economic difficulties stemmed largely from a chronically depressed level of copper production and weak copper prices, generally ineffective economic policies, and high inflation. An annual population growth of 3% brought a decline in per capita GDP of 50% over the decade. However, economic reforms enacted since 1992 have helped reduce inflation, have begun to strengthen the social safety net, and have been accompanied by GDP growth at an estimated 6.8% in 1993 and 4% in 1994. The huge external debt remains a key problem.") (wfb::national_product zambia (* 7.9000003e+9 $)) (wfb::national_product_real_growth_rate zambia (* 4 %)) (wfb::national_product_per_capita zambia (* 860 $)) (wfb::|Inflation rate (consumer prices)| zambia "89% (1994 est.)") (wfb::unemployment_rate zambia (* n/a %)) (wfb::budget zambia revenues (* 6.65e+8 $)) (wfb::budget zambia expenditures (* 7.67e+8 $)) (wfb::budget zambia capital_expenditures (* 3.0e+8 $)) (wfb::exports zambia (* 1.01e+9 $)) (wfb::exports zambia commodities copper-commodity n/a) (wfb::exports zambia commodities zinc-commodity n/a) (wfb::exports zambia commodities cobalt-commodity n/a) (wfb::exports zambia commodities lead-commodity n/a) (wfb::exports zambia commodities tobacco n/a) (wfb::exports zambia partners ec_countries n/a) (wfb::exports zambia partners japan n/a) (wfb::exports zambia partners south_africa n/a) (wfb::exports zambia partners us n/a) (wfb::exports zambia partners india n/a) (wfb::imports zambia (* 1.13e+9 $)) (wfb::imports zambia commodities machinery n/a) (wfb::imports zambia commodities transportation_equipment n/a) (wfb::imports zambia commodities foodstuffs n/a) (wfb::imports zambia commodities fuels n/a) (wfb::imports zambia commodities manufactures n/a) (wfb::imports zambia partners ec_countries n/a) (wfb::imports zambia partners japan n/a) (wfb::imports zambia partners saudi_arabia n/a) (wfb::imports zambia partners south_africa n/a) (wfb::imports zambia partners us n/a) (wfb::external_debt zambia (* 7.2999997e+9 $)) (wfb::industrial_production zambia growth_rate (* -1 %)) (wfb::industrial_production zambia accounts_for (* 42 %_of_gdp)) (wfb::electricity zambia capacity (* 2440000 kw)) (wfb::electricity zambia production (* 7.8e+9 kwh)) (wfb::electricity zambia consumption_per_capita (* 650 kwh)) (wfb::industry zambia copper_mining_and_processing) (wfb::industry zambia construction-industry) (wfb::industry zambia foodstuffs-industry) (wfb::industry zambia beverages-industry) (wfb::industry zambia chemicals) (wfb::industry zambia textiles) (wfb::industry zambia fertilizer) (wfb::agriculture zambia "accounts for 12% of GDP and 85% of labor force; crops - corn (food staple), sorghum, rice, peanuts, sunflower, tobacco, cotton, sugarcane, cassava; cattle, goats, beef, eggs") (wfb::illicit_drugs zambia "increasingly a regional transshipment center for methaqualone and heroin") (wfb::economic_aid zambia recipient "US commitments, including Ex-Im (1970-89), $4.8 billion; Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-89), $4.8 billion; OPEC bilateral aid (1979-89), $60 million; Communist countries (1970-89), $533 million") (wfb::currency zambia zambian_kwacha 100 ngwee) (wfb::exchange_rates zambia "Zambian kwacha (ZK) per US$1 - 672.8 (September 1994), 434.78 (1993), 156.25 (1992), 61.7284 (1991), 28.9855 (1990)") (wfb::fiscal_year zambia date_1_jan date_31_dec) (wfb::railroads zambia total "1,273 km") (wfb::railroads zambia narrow_gauge "1,273 km 1.067-m gauge (13 km double track)") (wfb::highways zambia total (* 36370 km)) (wfb::highways zambia paved (* 6500 km)) (wfb::highways zambia (union crushed_stone gravel stabilized_earth) (* 7000 km)) (wfb::highways zambia (union improved unimproved_earth) (* 22870 km)) (wfb::inland_waterways zambia "2,250 km, including Zambezi and Luapula Rivers, Lake Tanganyika") (wfb::port zambia mpulungu-zambia) (wfb::airports zambia total 113) (wfb::airports zambia |with paved runways over 3,047 m| 1) (wfb::airports zambia |with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m| 4) (wfb::airports zambia |with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m| 4) (wfb::airports zambia |with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m| 4) (wfb::airports zambia with_paved_runways_under_914_m 39) (wfb::airports zambia |with unpaved runways 1,524 to 2,438 m| 4) (wfb::airports zambia |with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m| 57) (wfb::telephone_system zambia "NA telephones; facilities are among the best in Sub-Saharan Africa") (wfb::telephone_system zambia local "NA") (wfb::telephone_system zambia intercity "high capacity micrwave radio relay connects most larger towns and cities") (wfb::telephone_system zambia international "2 INTELSAT earth stations (1 Indian Ocean and 1 Atlantic Ocean)") (wfb::radio zambia broadcast_stations am 11) (wfb::radio zambia broadcast_stations fm 5) (wfb::radio zambia broadcast_stations shortwave 0) (wfb::radio zambia radios n/a) (wfb::television zambia broadcast_stations 9) (wfb::television zambia televisions n/a) (wfb::defense_branch zambia army_zambia) (wfb::defense_branch zambia air_force_zambia) (wfb::defense_branch zambia police_zambia) (wfb::manpower_availability zambia "males age 15-49 1,953,967; males fit for military service 1,028,113 (1995 est.)") (wfb::defense_expenditures zambia (* 4.5e+7 $)) (wfb::defense_expenditures zambia (* 1.4 %_of_gdp)))) (zimbabwe ((wfb::location zimbabwe "Southern Africa, northeast of Botswana") (wfb::map_references zimbabwe "Africa") (wfb::area zimbabwe total_area (* 390580 sq_km)) (wfb::area zimbabwe land_area (* 386670 sq_km)) (wfb::area zimbabwe comparative_area "slightly larger than Montana") (wfb::borders zimbabwe total (* 3066 km)) (wfb::borders zimbabwe botswana (* 813 km)) (wfb::borders zimbabwe mozambique (* 1231 km)) (wfb::borders zimbabwe south_africa (* 225 km)) (wfb::borders zimbabwe zambia (* 797 km)) (wfb::coastline zimbabwe (* 0 km)) (wfb::maritime_claims zimbabwe "none; landlocked") (wfb::international_disputes zimbabwe "quadripoint with Botswana, Namibia, and Zambia is in disagreement") (wfb::climate zimbabwe "tropical") (wfb::climate zimbabwe "moderated by altitude") (wfb::climate zimbabwe "rainy season (November to March)") (wfb::terrain zimbabwe "mostly high plateau with higher central plateau (high veld)") (wfb::terrain zimbabwe "mountains in east") (wfb::natural-resource zimbabwe coal) (wfb::natural-resource zimbabwe chromium_ore) (wfb::natural-resource zimbabwe asbestos) (wfb::natural-resource zimbabwe gold) (wfb::natural-resource zimbabwe nickel) (wfb::natural-resource zimbabwe copper) (wfb::natural-resource zimbabwe iron_ore) (wfb::natural-resource zimbabwe vanadium) (wfb::natural-resource zimbabwe lithium) (wfb::natural-resource zimbabwe tin) (wfb::natural-resource zimbabwe platinum_group_metals) (wfb::land_use zimbabwe arable_land (* 7.25 %)) (wfb::land_use zimbabwe permanent_crops (* 0.25 %)) (wfb::land_use zimbabwe meadows_and_pastures (* 12.5 %)) (wfb::land_use zimbabwe forest_and_woodland (* 49 %)) (wfb::land_use zimbabwe other (* 31 %)) (wfb::irrigated_land zimbabwe (* 2250 sq_km)) (wfb::environment zimbabwe current_issues "deforestation") (wfb::environment zimbabwe current_issues "soil erosion") (wfb::environment zimbabwe current_issues "land degradation") (wfb::environment zimbabwe current_issues "air and water pollution") (wfb::environment zimbabwe current_issues "the black rhinoceros herd - once the largest concentration of the species in the world - has been significantly reduced by poaching") (wfb::environment zimbabwe natural_hazards "recurring droughts") (wfb::environment zimbabwe natural_hazards "floods and severe storms are rare") (wfb::environment zimbabwe international_agreements "party to - Biodiversity, Climate Change, Endangered Species, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection") (wfb::environment zimbabwe international_agreements "signed, but not ratified - Desertification") (wfb::note zimbabwe "landlocked") (wfb::population zimbabwe 11139961) (wfb::age_structure zimbabwe 0-14_years (* 47 %)) (wfb::age_structure_by_sex zimbabwe 0-14_years female 2588193) (wfb::age_structure_by_sex zimbabwe 0-14_years male 2617485) (wfb::age_structure zimbabwe 15-64_years (* 51 %)) (wfb::age_structure_by_sex zimbabwe 15-64_years female 2915697) (wfb::age_structure_by_sex zimbabwe 15-64_years male 2723511) (wfb::age_structure zimbabwe 65_years_and_over (* 2 %)) (wfb::age_structure_by_sex zimbabwe 65_years_and_over female 151635) (wfb::age_structure_by_sex zimbabwe 65_years_and_over male 143440) (wfb::population_growth_rate zimbabwe (* 1.78 %)) (wfb::birth_rate zimbabwe (* 36.35 |births/1,000 population|)) (wfb::death_rate zimbabwe (* 18.54 |deaths/1,000 population|)) (wfb::net_migration_rate zimbabwe (* n/a |migrant(s)/1,000 population|)) (wfb::infant_mortality_rate zimbabwe (* 72.7 |deaths/1,000 live births|)) (wfb::life_expectancy_at_birth zimbabwe total_population (* 41.35 years)) (wfb::life_expectancy_at_birth zimbabwe male (* 39.73 years)) (wfb::life_expectancy_at_birth zimbabwe female (* 43.01 years)) (wfb::total_fertility_rate zimbabwe (* 4.93 children_born/woman)) (wfb::nationality zimbabwe noun "Zimbabwean(s)") (wfb::nationality zimbabwe adjective "Zimbabwean") (wfb::ethnic-entity zimbabwe african (* 98 %)) (wfb::ethnic-entity zimbabwe white (* 1 %)) (wfb::ethnic-entity zimbabwe mixed_and_asian (* 1 %)) (wfb::language zimbabwe english n/a) (wfb::language zimbabwe shona n/a) (wfb::language zimbabwe sindebele n/a) (wfb::literacy-condition zimbabwe "age 15 and over can read and write") (wfb::literacy zimbabwe total_population (* 78 %)) (wfb::literacy zimbabwe male (* 84 %)) (wfb::literacy zimbabwe female (* 72 %)) (wfb::total_labor_force zimbabwe 3100000.0) (wfb::labor_force_by_occupation zimbabwe agriculture (* 74 %)) (wfb::labor_force_by_occupation zimbabwe transport_and_services (* 16 %)) (wfb::labor_force_by_occupation zimbabwe mining-occupation-type n/a) (wfb::labor_force_by_occupation zimbabwe manufacturing n/a) (wfb::labor_force_by_occupation zimbabwe construction (* 10 %)) (wfb::names zimbabwe conventional_long_form "Republic of Zimbabwe") (wfb::names zimbabwe conventional_short_form "Zimbabwe") (wfb::names zimbabwe former "Southern Rhodesia") (wfb::digraph zimbabwe "ZI") (type zimbabwe "parliamentary democracy") (wfb::capital zimbabwe harare-zimbabwe) (wfb::administrative_divisions zimbabwe adm_div_zimbabwe_provinces 8) (wfb::administrative_division_of zimbabwe adm_div_zimbabwe_provinces "Manicaland") (wfb::administrative_division_of zimbabwe adm_div_zimbabwe_provinces "Mashonaland Central") (wfb::administrative_division_of zimbabwe adm_div_zimbabwe_provinces "Mashonaland East") (wfb::administrative_division_of zimbabwe adm_div_zimbabwe_provinces "Mashonaland West") (wfb::administrative_division_of zimbabwe adm_div_zimbabwe_provinces "Masvingo (Victoria)") (wfb::administrative_division_of zimbabwe adm_div_zimbabwe_provinces "Matabeleland North") (wfb::administrative_division_of zimbabwe adm_div_zimbabwe_provinces "Matabeleland South") (wfb::administrative_division_of zimbabwe adm_div_zimbabwe_provinces "Midlands") (wfb::independence zimbabwe date_18_apr_1980 "UK") (wfb::national_holiday zimbabwe "Independence Day" date_18_apr) (wfb::constitution zimbabwe "21 December 1979") (wfb::legal_system zimbabwe "mixture of Roman-Dutch and English common law") (wfb::suffrage zimbabwe (* 18 years_of_age)) (wfb::executive_branch zimbabwe chief_of_state "Executive President Robert Gabriel MUGABE " date_31_dec_1987) (wfb::executive_branch zimbabwe head_of_government "Executive President Robert Gabriel MUGABE " date_31_dec_1987) (wfb::executive_branch zimbabwe cabinet "Cabinet") (wfb::legislative_structure zimbabwe unicameral n/a) (wfb::legislative_branch zimbabwe "Parliament" "elections last held 8-9 April 1995 (next to be held NA March 2000); results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (150 total, 120 elected) ZANU-PF 118, ZANU-S 2") (wfb::judicial_branch zimbabwe "Supreme Court") (wfb::political_parties_and_leaders zimbabwe "Zimbabwe African National Union-Patriotic Front (ZANU-PF), Robert MUGABE; Zimbabwe African National Union-Sithole (ZANU-S), Ndabaningi SITHOLE; Zimbabwe Unity Movement (ZUM), Edgar TEKERE; Democratic Party (DP), Emmanuel MAGOCHE; Forum Party of Zimbabwe, Enock DUMBUTSHENA; United Parties, Abel MUZOREWA") (wfb::member_of zimbabwe acp) (wfb::member_of zimbabwe afdb) (wfb::member_of zimbabwe c) (wfb::member_of zimbabwe ccc) (wfb::member_of zimbabwe eca) (wfb::member_of zimbabwe fao) (wfb::member_of zimbabwe fls) (wfb::member_of zimbabwe g-15) (wfb::member_of zimbabwe g-77) (wfb::member_of zimbabwe gatt) (wfb::member_of zimbabwe iaea) (wfb::member_of zimbabwe ibrd) (wfb::member_of zimbabwe icao) (wfb::member_of zimbabwe icftu) (wfb::member_of zimbabwe icrm) (wfb::member_of zimbabwe ida) (wfb::member_of zimbabwe ifad) (wfb::member_of zimbabwe ifc) (wfb::member_of zimbabwe ifrcs) (wfb::member_of zimbabwe ilo) (wfb::member_of zimbabwe imf) (wfb::member_of zimbabwe intelsat) (wfb::member_of zimbabwe interpol) (wfb::member_of zimbabwe ioc) (wfb::member_of zimbabwe iom) (wfb::member_of zimbabwe iso) (wfb::member_of zimbabwe itu) (wfb::member_of zimbabwe nam) (wfb::member_of zimbabwe oau) (wfb::member_of zimbabwe pca) (wfb::member_of zimbabwe sadc) (wfb::member_of zimbabwe un) (wfb::member_of zimbabwe unamir) (wfb::member_of zimbabwe unavem_ii) (wfb::member_of zimbabwe unctad) (wfb::member_of zimbabwe unesco) (wfb::member_of zimbabwe unido) (wfb::member_of zimbabwe unomur) (wfb::member_of zimbabwe unosom) (wfb::member_of zimbabwe upu) (wfb::member_of zimbabwe wcl) (wfb::member_of zimbabwe who) (wfb::member_of zimbabwe wipo) (wfb::member_of zimbabwe wmo) (wfb::member_of zimbabwe wto) (wfb::diplomatic_representation_in_us zimbabwe chief_of_mission "Ambassador Amos Bernard Muvengwa MIDZI") (wfb::diplomatic_representation_in_us zimbabwe chancery "1608 New Hampshire Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20009") (wfb::diplomatic_representation_in_us zimbabwe telephone "[1] (202) 332-7100") (wfb::diplomatic_representation_in_us zimbabwe fax "[1] (202) 483-9326") (wfb::us_diplomatic_representation zimbabwe chief_of_mission "Ambassador Johnny CARSON") (wfb::us_diplomatic_representation zimbabwe embassy "172 Herbert Chitepo Avenue, Harare") (wfb::us_diplomatic_representation zimbabwe mailing_address "P. O. Box 3340, Harare") (wfb::us_diplomatic_representation zimbabwe telephone "[263] (4) 794521") (wfb::us_diplomatic_representation zimbabwe fax "[263] (4) 796488") (wfb::flag zimbabwe "seven equal horizontal bands of green, yellow, red, black, red, yellow, and green with a white equilateral triangle edged in black based on the hoist side; a yellow Zimbabwe bird is superimposed on a red five-pointed star in the center of the triangle") (wfb::overview zimbabwe "Agriculture employs three-fourths of the labor force and supplies almost 40% of exports. The manufacturing sector, based on agriculture and mining, produces a variety of goods and contributes 35% to GDP. Mining accounts for only 5% of both GDP and employment, but minerals and metals account for about 40% of exports. Severe drought caused GDP to drop 8% in 1992, with growth rebounding to 2% in 1993 and 3.5% in 1994. Despite the lingering effects of the drought on economic and social conditions, the government is continuing to push its IMF/World Bank structural adjustment program aimed at encouraging exports and foreign investment.") (wfb::national_product zimbabwe (* 1.74e+10 $)) (wfb::national_product_real_growth_rate zimbabwe (* 3.5 %)) (wfb::national_product_per_capita zimbabwe (* 1580 $)) (wfb::|Inflation rate (consumer prices)| zimbabwe "22% (December 1994 est.)") (wfb::budget zimbabwe revenues (* 1.7e+9 $)) (wfb::budget zimbabwe expenditures (* 2.2e+9 $)) (wfb::budget zimbabwe capital_expenditures (* 2.53e+8 $)) (wfb::exports zimbabwe (* 1.8e+9 $)) (wfb::exports zimbabwe commodities agricultural-commodity (* 35 %)) (wfb::exports zimbabwe commodities manufactures (* 25 %)) (wfb::exports zimbabwe commodities gold-commodity (* 12 %)) (wfb::exports zimbabwe commodities ferrochrome (* 10 %)) (wfb::exports zimbabwe commodities textiles-commodity (* 8 %)) (wfb::exports zimbabwe partners uk (* 14 %)) (wfb::exports zimbabwe partners germany (* 11 %)) (wfb::exports zimbabwe partners south_africa (* 10 %)) (wfb::exports zimbabwe partners japan (* 7 %)) (wfb::exports zimbabwe partners us (* 5 %)) (wfb::imports zimbabwe (* 1.8e+9 $)) (wfb::imports zimbabwe commodities machinery_and_transportation_equipment (* 41 %)) (wfb::imports zimbabwe commodities chemicals-commodity (* 16 %)) (wfb::imports zimbabwe commodities fuels (* 12 %)) (wfb::imports zimbabwe partners south_africa (* 25 %)) (wfb::imports zimbabwe partners uk (* 15 %)) (wfb::imports zimbabwe partners germany (* 9 %)) (wfb::imports zimbabwe partners us (* 6 %)) (wfb::imports zimbabwe partners japan (* 5 %)) (wfb::external_debt zimbabwe (* 3.5e+9 $)) (wfb::industrial_production zimbabwe growth_rate (* 2.3 %)) (wfb::industrial_production zimbabwe accounts_for (* 35 %_of_gdp)) (wfb::electricity zimbabwe capacity (* 2040000 kw)) (wfb::electricity zimbabwe production (* 8.999999e+9 kwh)) (wfb::electricity zimbabwe consumption_per_capita (* 913 kwh)) (wfb::industry zimbabwe mining) (wfb::industry zimbabwe steel) (wfb::industry zimbabwe clothing) (wfb::industry zimbabwe footwear-industry) (wfb::industry zimbabwe chemicals) (wfb::industry zimbabwe foodstuffs-industry) (wfb::industry zimbabwe fertilizer) (wfb::industry zimbabwe beverage) (wfb::industry zimbabwe transportation_equipment-industry) (wfb::industry zimbabwe wood_products) (wfb::agriculture zimbabwe "accounts for 20% of GDP; 40% of land area divided into 4,500 large commercial farms and 42% in communal lands; crops - corn (food staple), cotton, tobacco, wheat, coffee, sugarcane, peanuts; livestock - cattle, sheep, goats, pigs; self-sufficient in food") (wfb::economic_aid zimbabwe "NA") (wfb::currency zimbabwe zimbabwean_dollar 100 cents) (wfb::exchange_rates zimbabwe "Zimbabwean dollars (Z$) per US$1 - 8.3752 (January 1995), 8.1500 (1994), 6.4725 (1993), 5.1046 (1992), 3.4282 (1991), 2.4480 (1990)") (wfb::fiscal_year zimbabwe date_1_jul date_30_jun) (wfb::railroads zimbabwe total "2,745 km") (wfb::railroads zimbabwe narrow_gauge "2,745 km 1.067-m gauge (355 km electrified; 42 km double track)") (wfb::highways zimbabwe total (* 85237 km)) (wfb::highways zimbabwe paved (* 15800 km)) (wfb::highways zimbabwe (union crushed_stone gravel stabilized_earth) (* 39090 km)) (wfb::highways zimbabwe improved_earth (* 23097 km)) (wfb::highways zimbabwe unimproved_earth (* 7250 km)) (wfb::inland_waterways zimbabwe "Lake Kariba is a potential line of communication") (wfb::port zimbabwe binga-zimbabwe) (wfb::port zimbabwe kariba-zimbabwe) (wfb::airports zimbabwe total 471) (wfb::airports zimbabwe |with paved runways over 3,047 m| 3) (wfb::airports zimbabwe |with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m| 2) (wfb::airports zimbabwe |with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m| 6) (wfb::airports zimbabwe |with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m| 13) (wfb::airports zimbabwe with_paved_runways_under_914_m 222) (wfb::airports zimbabwe |with unpaved runways 1,524 to 2,438 m| 2) (wfb::airports zimbabwe |with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m| 223) (wfb::telephone_system zimbabwe "247,000 telephones; system was once one of the best in Africa, but now suffers from poor maintenance") (wfb::telephone_system zimbabwe local "NA") (wfb::telephone_system zimbabwe intercity "consists of microwave links, open-wire lines, and radio communications stations") (wfb::telephone_system zimbabwe international "1 INTELSAT (Atlantic Ocean) earth station") (wfb::radio zimbabwe broadcast_stations am 8) (wfb::radio zimbabwe broadcast_stations fm 18) (wfb::radio zimbabwe broadcast_stations shortwave 0) (wfb::radio zimbabwe radios n/a) (wfb::television zimbabwe broadcast_stations 8) (wfb::television zimbabwe televisions n/a) (wfb::defense_branch zimbabwe zimbabwe_national_army_zimbabwe) (wfb::defense_branch zimbabwe air_force_of_zimbabwe_zimbabwe) (wfb::defense_branch zimbabwe zimbabwe_republic_police_zimbabwe) (wfb::manpower_availability zimbabwe "males age 15-49 2,435,931; males fit for military service 1,514,068 (1995 est.)") (wfb::defense_expenditures zimbabwe (* 1.75e+8 $)) (wfb::defense_expenditures zimbabwe (* 3.1 %_of_gdp)))) )) ;; End of facts