Comments and queries are welcome and may be addressed to:
Attn.: Office of Public and Agency Information
Washington, DC 20505
Telephone: [1] (703) 351–2053" );; line 5 (wfb::source-text documentation |Notes, Definitions, and Abbreviations| "There have been some significant changes in this edition. The Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands became the independent nation of Palau. The gross domestic product (GDP) of all countries is now presented on a purchasing power parity (PPP) basis rather than on the old exchange rate basis. There is a new entry on Age structure and the Airports entry now includes unpaved runways. The Communications category has been restructured and now includes the entries of Telephone system, Radio, and Television. The remainder of the entries in the former Communications category-Railroads, Highways, Inland waterways, Pipelines, Ports, Merchant marine, and Airports-can now be found under a new category called Transportation. There is a new appendix listing estimates of gross domestic product on an exchange rate basis for all nations. A reference map of the Republic of South Africa is included. The electronic files used to produce the Factbook have been restructured into a database. As a result, the formats of some entries in this edition have been changed. Additional changes will occur in the 1996 Factbook." );; line 22 (wfb::source-text documentation abbreviations " (see for abbreviations for international organizations and groups and for abbreviations for selected international environmental agreements)
avdp. -- avoirdupois
c.i.f. -- cost, insurance, and freight
CY -- calendar year
DWT -- deadweight ton
est. -- estimate
Ex-Im -- Export-Import Bank of the United States
f.o.b. -- free on board
FRG -- Federal Republic of Germany (West Germany); used for information dated before 3 October 1990 or CY91
FSU -- former Soviet Union
FY -- fiscal year (FY93/94, for example, began in calendar year 1993 and ended in calendar year 1994)
FYROM -- The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia
GDP -- gross domestic product
GDR -- German Democratic Republic (East Germany); used for information dated before 3 October 1990 or CY91
GNP -- gross national product
GRT -- gross register ton
GWP -- gross world product
km -- kilometer
kW -- kilowatt
kWh -- kilowatt hour
m -- meter
NA -- not available
NEGL -- negligible
nm -- nautical mile
NZ -- New Zealand
ODA -- official development assistance
OOF -- other official flows
PDRY -- People's Democratic Republic of Yemen [Yemen (Aden) or South Yemen]; used for information dated before 22 May 1990 or CY91
sq km -- square kilometer
sq mi -- square mile
UAE -- United Arab Emirates
UK -- United Kingdom
US -- United States
USSR -- Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (Soviet Union); used for information dated before 25 December 1991
YAR -- Yemen Arab Republic [Yemen (Sanaa) or North Yemen]; used for information dated before 22 May 1990 or CY91" );; line 40 (wfb::source-text documentation administrative_divisions "The numbers, designatory terms, and first-order administrative divisions are generally those approved by the US Board on Geographic Names (BGN). Changes that have been reported but not yet acted on by BGN are noted." );; line 85 (wfb::source-text documentation airports "Only airports with usable runways are included in this listing. For airports with more than one runway, only the longest runway is included. Not all airports have facilities for refueling, maintenance, or air traffic control. Paved runways have concrete or asphalt surfaces; unpaved runways have grass, dirt, sand, or gravel surfaces." );; line 90 (wfb::source-text documentation area "Total area is the sum of all land and water areas delimited by international boundaries and/or coastlines. Land area is the aggregate of all surfaces delimited by international boundaries and/or coastlines, excluding inland water bodies (lakes, reservoirs, rivers). Comparative areas are based on total area equivalents. Most entities are compared with the entire US or one of the 50 states. The smaller entities are compared with Washington, DC (178 sq km, 69 sq mi) or The Mall in Washington, DC (0.59 sq km, 0.23 sq mi, 146 acres)." );; line 97 (wfb::source-text documentation birth_rate "The average annual number of births during a year per 1,000 population at midyear; also known as crude birth rate. Dates of information: In general, information available as of 1 January 1995 is used in the preparation of this edition. Population figures are estimates for 1 July 1995, with population growth rates estimated for calendar year 1995. Major political events have been updated through April 1995." );; line 106 (wfb::source-text documentation death_rate "The average annual number of deaths during a year per l,000 population at midyear; also known as crude death rate." );; line 114 (wfb::source-text documentation digraphs "The digraph is a two-letter \"country code\" that precisely identifies every entity without overlap, duplication, or omission. AF, for example, is the digraph for Afghanistan. It is a standardized geopolitical data element promulgated in the Federal Information Processing Standards Publication (FIPS) 10-3 by the National Bureau of Standards (now called National Institute of Standards and Technology) at the US Department of Commerce and maintained by the Office of the Geographer at the US Department of State. The digraph is used to eliminate confusion and incompatibility in the collection, processing, and dissemination of area-specific data and is particularly useful for interchanging data between databases." );; line 118 (wfb::source-text documentation diplomatic_representation "The US Government has diplomatic relations with 184 nations, including 178 of the 185 UN members (excluded UN members are Bhutan, Cuba, Iran, Iraq, North Korea, former Yugoslavia, and the US itself). In addition, the US has diplomatic relations with 6 nations that are not in the UN - Holy See, Kiribati, Nauru, Switzerland, Tonga, and Tuvalu." );; line 130 (wfb::source-text documentation economic_aid "This entry refers to bilateral commitments of official development assistance (ODA) and other official flows (OOF). ODA is defined as financial assistance which is concessional in character, has the main objective to promote economic development and welfare of LDCs, and contains a grant element of at least 25%. OOF transactions are also official government assistance, but with a main objective other than development and with a grant element less than 25%. OOF transactions include official export credits (such as Ex-Im Bank credits), official equity and portfolio investment, and debt reorganization by the official sector that does not meet concessional terms. Aid is considered to have been committed when agreements are initialed by the parties involved and constitute a formal declaration of intent." );; line 137 (wfb::source-text documentation entities "Some of the nations, dependent areas, areas of special sovereignty, and governments included in this publication are not independent, and others are not officially recognized by the US Government. \"Nation\" refers to a people politically organized into a sovereign state with a definite territory. \"Dependent area\" refers to a broad category of political entities that are associated in some way with a nation. Names used for page headings are usually the short-form names as approved by the US Board on Geographic Names. There are 266 entities in The World Factbook that may be categorized as follows:" );; line 150 (wfb::source-text documentation nations "184 -- UN members (excluding the former Yugoslavia, which is still counted by the UN)
7 -- nations that are not members of the UN - Holy See, Kiribati, Nauru, Serbia and Montenegro, Switzerland, Tonga, Tuvalu" );; line 161 (wfb::source-text documentation other "1 -- Taiwan" );; line 168 (wfb::source-text documentation dependent_areas "6 -- Australia - Ashmore and Cartier Islands, Christmas Island, Cocos (Keeling) Islands, Coral Sea Islands, Heard Island and McDonald Islands, Norfolk Island
2 -- Denmark - Faroe Islands, Greenland
16 -- France - Bassas da India, Clipperton Island, Europa Island, French Guiana, French Polynesia, French Southern and Antarctic Lands, Glorioso Islands, Guadeloupe, Juan de Nova Island, Martinique, Mayotte, New Caledonia, Reunion, Saint Pierre and Miquelon, Tromelin Island, Wallis and Futuna
2 -- Netherlands - Aruba, Netherlands Antilles
3 -- New Zealand - Cook Islands, Niue, Tokelau
3 -- Norway - Bouvet Island, Jan Mayen, Svalbard
1 -- Portugal - Macau
16 -- United Kingdom - Anguilla, Bermuda, British Indian Ocean Territory, British Virgin Islands, Cayman Islands, Falkland Islands, Gibraltar, Guernsey, Hong Kong, Jersey, Isle of Man, Montserrat, Pitcairn Islands, Saint Helena, South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands, Turks and Caicos Islands
14 -- United States - American Samoa, Baker Island, Guam, Howland Island, Jarvis Island, Johnston Atoll, Kingman Reef, Midway Islands, Navassa Island, Northern Mariana Islands, Palmyra Atoll, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands, Wake Island" );; line 172 (wfb::source-text documentation miscellaneous "6 -- Antarctica, Gaza Strip, Paracel Islands, Spratly Islands, West Bank, Western Sahara" );; line 195 (wfb::source-text documentation other_entities "4 -- oceans - Arctic Ocean, Atlantic Ocean, Indian Ocean, Pacific Ocean
1 -- World
266 -- total" );; line 200 (wfb::source-text documentation exchange_rate "The official value of a nation's monetary unit at a given date or over a given period of time, as expressed in units of local currency per US dollar and as determined by international market forces or official fiat." );; line 206 (wfb::source-text documentation gdp_methodology "In the \"Economy\" section, GDP dollar estimates for all countries are derived from purchasing power parity (PPP) calculations rather than from conversions at official currency exchange rates. The PPP method normally involves the use of international dollar price weights, which are applied to the quantities of goods and services produced in a given economy. In addition to the lack of reliable data from the majority of countries, the statistician faces a major difficulty in specifying, identifying, and allowing for the quality of goods and services. The division of a GDP estimate in local currency by the corresponding PPP estimate in dollars gives the PPP conversion rate. On average, one thousand dollars will buy the same market basket of goods in the US as one thousand dollars - converted to the local currency at the PPP conversion rate - will buy in the other country. Whereas PPP estimates for OECD countries are quite reliable, PPP estimates for developing countries are often rough approximations. Most of the GDP estimates are based on extrapolation of numbers published by the UN International Comparison Program and by Professors Robert Summers and Alan Heston of the University of Pennsylvania and their colleagues. Currency exchange rates depend on a variety of international and domestic financial forces that often have little relation to domestic output. In developing countries with weak currencies the exchange rate estimate of GDP in dollars is typically one-fourth to one-half the PPP estimate. Furthermore, exchange rates may suddenly go up or down by 10% or more because of market forces or official fiat whereas real output has remained unchanged. On 12 January 1994, for example, the 14 countries of the African Financial Community (whose currencies are tied to the French franc) devalued their currencies by 50%. This move, of course, did not cut the real output of these countries by half. One important caution: the proportion of, say, defense expenditures as a percentage of GDP in local currency accounts may differ substantially from the proportion when GDP accounts are expressed in PPP terms, as, for example, when an observer tries to estimate the dollar level of Russian or Japanese military expenditures. Note: The numbers for GDP and other economic data can not be chained together from successive volumes of the Factbook because of changes in the US dollar measuring rod, revisions of data by statistical agencies, use of new or different sources of information, and changes in national statistical methods and practices." );; line 211 (wfb::source-text documentation |Gross domestic product (GDP)| "The value of all final goods and services produced within a nation in a given year." );; line 247 (wfb::source-text documentation |Gross national product (GNP)| "The value of all final goods and services produced within a nation in a given year, plus income earned abroad, minus income earned by foreigners from domestic production." );; line 251 (wfb::source-text documentation |Gross world product (GWP)| "The aggregate value of all goods and services produced worldwide in a given year." );; line 256 (wfb::source-text documentation |Growth rate (population)| "The annual percent change in the population, resulting from a surplus (or deficit) of births over deaths and the balance of migrants entering and leaving a country. The rate may be positive or negative." );; line 260 (wfb::source-text documentation illicit_drugs "There are five categories of illicit drugs - narcotics, stimulants, depressants (sedatives), hallucinogens, and cannabis. These categories include many drugs legally produced and prescribed by doctors as well as those illegally produced and sold outside medical channels.
Cannabis (Cannabis sativa) is the common hemp plant, which provides hallucinogens with some sedative properties, and includes marijuana (pot, Acapulco gold, grass, reefer), tetrahydrocannabinol (THC, Marinol), hashish (hash), and hashish oil (hash oil).
Coca (Erythroxylum coca) is a bush, and the leaves contain the stimulant used to make cocaine. Coca is not to be confused with cocoa, which comes from cacao seeds and is used in making chocolate, cocoa, and cocoa butter.
Cocaine is a stimulant derived from the leaves of the coca bush.
Depressants (sedatives) are drugs that reduce tension and anxiety and include chloral hydrate, barbiturates (Amytal, Nembutal, Seconal, phenobarbital), benzodiazepines (Librium, Valium), methaqualone (Quaalude), glutethimide (Doriden), and others (Equanil, Placidyl, Valmid).
Drugs are any chemical substances that effect a physical, mental, emotional, or behavioral change in an individual.
Drug abuse is the use of any licit or illicit chemical substance that results in physical, mental, emotional, or behavioral impairment in an individual.
Hallucinogens are drugs that affect sensation, thinking, self-awareness, and emotion. Hallucinogens include LSD (acid, microdot), mescaline and peyote (mexc, buttons, cactus), amphetamine variants (PMA, STP, DOB), phencyclidine (PCP, angel dust, hog), phencyclidine analogues (PCE, PCPy, TCP), and others (psilocybin, psilocyn).
Hashish is the resinous exudate of the cannabis or hemp plant (Cannabis sativa).
Heroin is a semisynthetic derivative of morphine.
Mandrax is the Southwest Asian slang term for methaqualone, a pharmaceutical depressant.
Marijuana is the dried leaves of the cannabis or hemp plant (Cannabis sativa).
Methaqualone is a pharmaceutical depressant, in slang referred to as Quaaludes in North America or Mandrax in Southwest Asia
Narcotics are drugs that relieve pain, often induce sleep, and refer to opium, opium derivatives, and synthetic substitutes. Natural narcotics include opium (paregoric, parepectolin), morphine (MS-Contin, Roxanol), codeine (Tylenol with codeine, Empirin with codeine, Robitussan AC), and thebaine. Semisynthetic narcotics include heroin (horse, smack), and hydromorphone (Dilaudid). Synthetic narcotics include meperidine or Pethidine (Demerol, Mepergan), methadone (Dolophine, Methadose), and others (Darvon, Lomotil).
Opium is the milky exudate of the incised, unripe seedpod of the opium poppy.
Opium poppy (Papaver somniferum) is the source for many natural and semisynthetic narcotics.
Poppy straw concentrate is the alkaloid derived from the mature dried opium poppy.
Qat (kat, khat) is a stimulant from the buds or leaves of catha edulis that is chewed or drunk as tea.
Quaaludes is the North American slang term for methaqualone, a pharmaceutical depressant.
Stimulants are drugs that relieve mild depression, increase energy and activity, and include cocaine (coke, snow, crack), amphetamines (Desoxyn, Dexedrine), phenmetrazine (Preludin), methylphenidate (Ritalin), and others (Cylert, Sanorex, Tenuate)." );; line 265 (wfb::source-text documentation infant_mortality_rate "The number of deaths to infants under one year old in a given year per l,000 live births occurring in the same year." );; line 325 (wfb::source-text documentation international_disputes "This category includes a wide variety of situations that range from traditional bilateral boundary disputes to unilateral claims of one sort or another. Information regarding disputes over international boundaries and maritime boundaries has been reviewed by the Department of State. References to other situations involving borders or frontiers may also be included, such as resource disputes, geopolitical questions, or irredentist issues. However, inclusion does not necessarily constitute official acceptance or recognition by the US Government." );; line 329 (wfb::source-text documentation irrigated_land "The figure refers to the land area that is artificially supplied with water." );; line 339 (wfb::source-text documentation land_use "The land surface is categorized as arable land - land cultivated for crops that are replanted after each harvest (wheat, maize, rice); permanent crops - land cultivated for crops that are not replanted after each harvest (citrus, coffee, rubber); meadows and pastures - land permanently used for herbaceous forage crops; forest and woodland - under dense or open stands of trees; and other - any land type not specifically mentioned above (urban areas, roads, desert)." );; line 343 (wfb::source-text documentation leaders "The chief of state is the titular leader of the country who represents the state at official and ceremonial functions but is not involved with the day- to-day activities of the government. The head of government is the administrative leader who manages the day-to-day activities of the government. In the UK, the monarch is the chief of state, and the Prime Minister is the head of government. In the US, the President is both the chief of state and the head of government." );; line 352 (wfb::source-text documentation life_expectancy_at_birth "The average number of years to be lived by a group of people all born in the same year, if mortality at each age remains constant in the future." );; line 361 (wfb::source-text documentation literacy "There are no universal definitions and standards of literacy. Unless otherwise noted, all rates are based on the most common definition - the ability to read and write at a specified age. Detailing the standards that individual countries use to assess the ability to read and write is beyond the scope of this publication." );; line 366 (wfb::source-text documentation maritime_claims "The proximity of neighboring states may prevent some national claims from being extended the full distance." );; line 373 (wfb::source-text documentation merchant_marine "All ships engaged in the carriage of goods. All commercial vessels (as opposed to all nonmilitary ships), which excludes tugs, fishing vessels, offshore oil rigs, etc. Also, a grouping of merchant ships by nationality or register.
Captive register - A register of ships maintained by a territory, possession, or colony primarily or exclusively for the use of ships owned in the parent country; also referred to as an offshore register, the offshore equivalent of an internal register. Ships on a captive register will fly the same flag as the parent country, or a local variant of it, but will be subject to the maritime laws and taxation rules of the offshore territory. Although the nature of a captive register makes it especially desirable for ships owned in the parent country, just as in the internal register, the ships may also be owned abroad. The captive register then acts as a flag of convenience register, except that it is not the register of an independent state.
Flag of convenience register - A national register offering registration to a merchant ship not owned in the flag state. The major flags of convenience (FOC) attract ships to their registers by virtue of low fees, low or nonexistent taxation of profits, and liberal manning requirements. True FOC registers are characterized by having relatively few of the ships registered actually owned in the flag state. Thus, while virtually any flag can be used for ships under a given set of circumstances, an FOC register is one where the majority of the merchant fleet is owned abroad. It is also referred to as an open register.
Flag state - The nation in which a ship is registered and which holds legal jurisdiction over operation of the ship, whether at home or abroad. Flag state maritime legislation determines how a ship is manned and taxed and whether a foreign-owned ship may be placed on the register.
Internal register - A register of ships maintained as a subset of a national register. Ships on the internal register fly the national flag and have that nationality but are subject to a separate set of maritime rules from those on the main national register. These differences usually include lower taxation of profits, manning by foreign nationals, and, usually, ownership outside the flag state (when it functions as an FOC register). The Norwegian International Ship Register and Danish International Ship Register are the most notable examples of an internal register. Both have been instrumental in stemming flight from the national flag to flags of convenience and in attracting foreign owned ships to the Norwegian and Danish flags.
Merchant ship - A vessel that carries goods against payment of freight; commonly used to denote any nonmilitary ship but accurately restricted to commercial vessels only.
Register - The record of a ship's ownership and nationality as listed with the maritime authorities of a country; also, the compendium of such individual ships' registrations. Registration of a ship provides it with a nationality and makes it subject to the laws of the country in which registered (the flag state) regardless of the nationality of the ship's ultimate owner." );; line 377 (wfb::source-text documentation money_figures "All money figures are expressed in contemporaneous US dollars unless otherwise indicated." );; line 426 (wfb::source-text documentation national_product "The total output of goods and services in a country in a given year. See GDP methodology, Gross domestic product (GDP), and Gross national product (GNP)." );; line 430 (wfb::source-text documentation net_migration_rate "The balance between the number of persons entering and leaving a country during the year per 1,000 persons (based on midyear population). An excess of persons entering the country is referred to as net immigration (3.56 migrants/1,000 population); an excess of persons leaving the country as net emigration (-9.26 migrants/1,000 population)." );; line 435 (wfb::source-text documentation population "Figures are estimates from the Bureau of the Census based on statistics from population censuses, vital statistics registration systems, or sample surveys pertaining to the recent past, and on assumptions about future trends. Starting with the 1993 Factbook, demographic estimates for some countries (mostly African) have taken into account the effects of the growing incidence of AIDS infections; in 1993 these countries were Burkina, Burundi, Central African Republic, Congo, Cote d'Ivoire, Kenya, Malawi, Rwanda, Tanzania, Uganda, Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe, Thailand, Brazil, and Haiti." );; line 442 (wfb::source-text documentation telephone_numbers "All telephone numbers presented in the Factbook consist of the country code in brackets, the city or area code (where required) in parentheses, and the local number. The one component that is not presented is the international access code which varies from country to country. For example, an international direct dial phone call placed from the United States to Madrid, Spain, would be as follows:
011 [34] (1) 577-xxxx where 011 is the international access code for station-to-station calls (01 is for calls other than station-to-station calls), [34] is the country code for Spain, (1) is the city code for Madrid, 577 is the local exchange, and xxxx is the local telephone number.
An international direct dial phone call placed from another country to the United States would be as follows:
international access code + [1] (202) 939-xxxx where [1] is the country code for the United States, (202) is the area code for Washington, DC, 939 is the local exchange, and xxxx is the local telephone number." );; line 452 (wfb::source-text documentation total_fertility_rate "The average number of children that would be born per woman if all women lived to the end of their childbearing years and bore children according to a given fertility rate at each age. Years: All year references are for the calendar year (CY) unless indicated as fiscal year (FY). FY93/94 refers to the fiscal year that began in calendar year 1993 and ended in calendar year 1994 as defined in the Fiscal Year entry of the Economy section for each nation. FY90-94 refers to the four fiscal years that began in calendar year 1990 and ended in calendar year 1994.
Note: Information for the US and US dependencies was compiled from material in the public domain and does not represent Intelligence Community estimates. The Handbook of International Economic Statistics, published annually in September by the Central Intelligence Agency, contains detailed economic information for the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) countries, Eastern Europe, the newly independent republics of the former nations of Yugoslavia and the Soviet Union, and selected other countries. The Handbook can be obtained wherever The World Factbook is available." );; line 469 (wfb::source-text location afghanistan "Southern Asia, north of Pakistan" );; line 495 (wfb::source-text map_references afghanistan "Asia" );; line 499 (wfb::source-text area afghanistan total_area "647,500 sq km" );; line 504 (wfb::source-text area afghanistan land_area "647,500 sq km" );; line 506 (wfb::source-text area afghanistan comparative_area "slightly smaller than Texas" );; line 508 (wfb::source-text borders afghanistan "total 5,529 km, China 76 km, Iran 936 km, Pakistan 2,430 km, Tajikistan 1,206 km, Turkmenistan 744 km, Uzbekistan 137 km" );; line 512 (wfb::source-text coastline afghanistan "0 km (landlocked)" );; line 517 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims afghanistan "none; landlocked" );; line 521 (wfb::source-text international_disputes afghanistan "periodic disputes with Iran over Helmand water rights; Iran supports clients in country, private Pakistani and Saudi sources also are active; power struggles among various groups for control of Kabul, regional rivalries among emerging warlords, traditional tribal disputes continue; support to Islamic fighters in Tajikistan's civil war; border dispute with Pakistan (Durand Line); support to Islamic militants worldwide by some factions" );; line 525 (wfb::source-text climate afghanistan "arid to semiarid; cold winters and hot summers" );; line 534 (wfb::source-text terrain afghanistan "mostly rugged mountains; plains in north and southwest" );; line 538 (wfb::source-text natural-resource afghanistan "natural gas, petroleum, coal, copper, talc, barites, sulphur, lead, zinc, iron ore, salt, precious and semiprecious stones" );; line 542 (wfb::source-text land_use afghanistan arable_land "12%" );; line 548 (wfb::source-text land_use afghanistan permanent_crops "0%" );; line 550 (wfb::source-text land_use afghanistan meadows_and_pastures "46%" );; line 552 (wfb::source-text land_use afghanistan forest_and_woodland "3%" );; line 554 (wfb::source-text land_use afghanistan other "39%" );; line 556 (wfb::source-text irrigated_land afghanistan "26,600 sq km (1989 est.)" );; line 560 (wfb::source-text environment afghanistan current_issues "soil degradation; overgrazing; deforestation (much of the remaining forests are being cut down for fuel and building materials); desertification" );; line 565 (wfb::source-text environment afghanistan natural_hazards "damaging earthquakes occur in Hindu Kush mountains; flooding" );; line 569 (wfb::source-text environment afghanistan international_agreements "party to - Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Marine Dumping, Nuclear Test Ban; signed, but not ratified - Biodiversity, Climate Change, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Life Conservation" );; line 571 (wfb::source-text note afghanistan "landlocked" );; line 577 (wfb::source-text population afghanistan "21,251,821 (July 1995 est.)" );; line 583 (wfb::source-text age_structure afghanistan 0-14_years "42% (female 4,342,218; male 4,507,141)" );; line 588 (wfb::source-text age_structure afghanistan 15-64_years "56% (female 5,406,675; male 6,443,734)" );; line 590 (wfb::source-text age_structure afghanistan 65_years_and_over "2% (female 256,443; male 295,610) (July 1995 est.)" );; line 592 (wfb::source-text population_growth_rate afghanistan "14.47% (1995 est.)" );; line 596 (wfb::source-text birth_rate afghanistan "42.69 births/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 600 (wfb::source-text death_rate afghanistan "18.53 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 604 (wfb::source-text net_migration_rate afghanistan "120.5 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 608 (wfb::source-text infant_mortality_rate afghanistan "152.8 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.)" );; line 612 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth afghanistan total_population "45.37 years" );; line 617 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth afghanistan male "45.98 years" );; line 619 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth afghanistan female "44.72 years (1995 est.)" );; line 621 (wfb::source-text total_fertility_rate afghanistan "6.21 children born/woman (1995 est.)" );; line 625 (wfb::source-text nationality afghanistan noun "Afghan(s)" );; line 630 (wfb::source-text nationality afghanistan adjective "Afghan" );; line 632 (wfb::source-text ethnic-entity afghanistan "Pashtun 38%, Tajik 25%, Uzbek 6%, Hazara 19%, minor ethnic groups (Chahar Aimaks, Turkmen, Baloch, and others)" );; line 636 (wfb::source-text religion afghanistan "Sunni Muslim 84%, Shi'a Muslim 15%, other 1%" );; line 641 (wfb::source-text language afghanistan "Pashtu 35%, Afghan Persian (Dari) 50%, Turkic languages (primarily Uzbek and Turkmen) 11%, 30 minor languages (primarily Balochi and Pashai) 4%, much bilingualism" );; line 645 (wfb::source-text literacy afghanistan "age 15 and over can read and write (1990 est.)" );; line 651 (wfb::source-text literacy afghanistan total_population "29%" );; line 653 (wfb::source-text literacy afghanistan male "44%" );; line 655 (wfb::source-text literacy afghanistan female "14%" );; line 657 (wfb::source-text total_labor_force afghanistan "4.98 million" );; line 661 (wfb::source-text labor_force_by_occupation afghanistan by_occupation "agriculture and animal husbandry 67.8%, industry 10.2%, construction 6.3%, commerce 5.0%, services and other 10.7% (1980 est.)" );; line 663 (wfb::source-text names afghanistan conventional_long_form "Islamic State of Afghanistan" );; line 670 (wfb::source-text names afghanistan conventional_short_form "Afghanistan" );; line 672 (wfb::source-text names afghanistan local_long_form "Dowlat-e Eslami-ye Afghanestan" );; line 674 (wfb::source-text names afghanistan local_short_form "Afghanestan" );; line 676 (wfb::source-text names afghanistan former "Republic of Afghanistan" );; line 678 (wfb::source-text digraph afghanistan "AF" );; line 682 (wfb::source-text type afghanistan "transitional government" );; line 686 (wfb::source-text capital afghanistan "Kabul" );; line 690 (wfb::source-text administrative_divisions afghanistan "30 provinces (velayat, singular - velayat); Badakhshan, Badghis, Baghlan, Balkh, Bamian, Farah, Faryab, Ghazni, Ghowr, Helmand, Herat, Jowzjan, Kabol, Kandahar, Kapisa, Konar, Kondoz, Laghman, Lowgar, Nangarhar, Nimruz, Oruzgan, Paktia, Paktika, Parvan, Samangan, Sar-e Pol, Takhar, Vardak, Zabol" );; line 694 (wfb::source-text independence afghanistan "19 August 1919 (from UK)" );; line 703 (wfb::source-text national_holiday afghanistan "Victory of the Muslim Nation, 28 April; Remembrance Day for Martyrs and Disabled, 4 May; Independence Day, 19 August" );; line 707 (wfb::source-text constitution afghanistan "none" );; line 712 (wfb::source-text legal_system afghanistan "a new legal system has not been adopted but the transitional government has declared it will follow Islamic law (Shari'a)" );; line 716 (wfb::source-text suffrage afghanistan "undetermined; previously males 15-50 years of age, universal" );; line 721 (wfb::source-text executive_branch afghanistan chief_of_state "President Burhanuddin RABBANI (Interim President July-December 1992; President since 2 January 1993); Vice President Mohammad NABI MOHAMMADI (since NA); election last held 31 December 1992 (next to be held NA); results - Burhanuddin RABBANI was elected to a two-year term by a national shura, later amended by multi-party agreement to 18 months; note - in June 1994 failure to agree on a transfer mechanism resulted in RABBANI's extending the term to 28 December 1994; following the expiration of the term and while negotiations on the formation of a new government go on, RABBANI continues in office" );; line 726 (wfb::source-text executive_branch afghanistan head_of_government "Prime Minister Gulbuddin HIKMATYAR (since 17 March 1993); note - Prime Minister HIKMATYAR is the nominal head of government and does not have any real authority; First Deputy Prime Minister Qutbuddin HELAL (since 17 March 1993); Deputy Prime Minister Arsala RAHMANI (since 17 March 1993)" );; line 736 (wfb::source-text executive_branch afghanistan cabinet "Council of Ministers" );; line 741 (wfb::source-text legislative_structure afghanistan "a unicameral parliament consisting of 205 members was chosen by the shura in January 1993; non-functioning as of June 1993" );; line 751 (wfb::source-text judicial_branch afghanistan "an interim Chief Justice of the Supreme Court has been appointed, but a new court system has not yet been organized" );; line 756 (wfb::source-text political_parties_and_leaders afghanistan "current political organizations include Jamiat-i-Islami (Islamic Society), Burhanuddin RABBANI, Ahmad Shah MASOOD; Hizbi Islami-Gulbuddin (Islamic Party), Gulbuddin HIKMATYAR faction; Hizbi Islami-Khalis (Islamic Party), Yunis KHALIS faction; Ittihad-i-Islami Barai Azadi Afghanistan (Islamic Union for the Liberation of Afghanistan), Abdul Rasul SAYYAF; Harakat-Inqilab-i-Islami (Islamic Revolutionary Movement), Mohammad Nabi MOHAMMADI; Jabha-i-Najat-i-Milli Afghanistan (Afghanistan National Liberation Front), Sibghatullah MOJADDEDI; Mahaz-i-Milli-Islami (National Islamic Front), Sayed Ahamad GAILANI; Hizbi Wahdat-Khalili faction (Islamic Unity Party), Abdul Karim KHALILI; Hizbi Wahdat-Akbari faction (Islamic Unity Party), Mohammad Akbar AKBARI; Harakat-i-Islami (Islamic Movement), Mohammed Asif MOHSENI; Jumbesh-i-Milli Islami (National Islamic Movement), Abdul Rashid DOSTAM; Taliban (Religious Students Movement), Mohammad OMAR" );; line 761 (wfb::source-text other_political_or_pressure_groups afghanistan "the former resistance commanders are the major power brokers in the countryside and their shuras (councils) are now administering most cities outside Kabul; tribal elders and religious students are trying to wrest control from them; ulema (religious scholars); tribal elders; religious students (talib)" );; line 779 (wfb::source-text member_of afghanistan "AsDB, CP, ECO, ESCAP, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, INTELSAT, IOC, ITU, NAM, OIC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WMO, WTO" );; line 787 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us afghanistan chief_of_mission "(vacant); Charge d'Affaires Abdul RAHIM" );; line 794 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us afghanistan chancery "2341 Wyoming Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008" );; line 796 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us afghanistan telephone "[1] (202) 234-3770, 3771" );; line 798 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us afghanistan fax "[1] (202) 328-3516" );; line 800 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us afghanistan |consulate(s) general| "New York" );; line 802 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us afghanistan |consulate(s)| "Washington, DC" );; line 804 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation afghanistan "none; embassy was closed in January 1989" );; line 808 (wfb::source-text flag afghanistan "NA; note - the flag has changed at least twice since 1992" );; line 812 (wfb::source-text overview afghanistan "Afghanistan is an extremely poor, landlocked country, highly dependent on farming (wheat especially) and livestock raising (sheep and goats). Economic considerations have played second fiddle to political and military upheavals during more than 15 years of war, including the nearly 10-year Soviet military occupation (which ended 15 February 1989). Over the past decade, one-third of the population fled the country, with Pakistan sheltering more than 3 million refugees and Iran about 3 million. About 1.4 million Afghan refugees remain in Pakistan and about 2 million in Iran. Another 1 million probably moved into and around urban areas within Afghanistan. Although reliable data are unavailable, gross domestic product is lower than 13 years ago because of the loss of labor and capital and the disruption of trade and transport." );; line 817 (wfb::source-text national_product afghanistan "GDP $NA" );; line 832 (wfb::source-text national_product_real_growth_rate afghanistan "NA%" );; line 836 (wfb::source-text national_product_per_capita afghanistan "$NA" );; line 840 (wfb::source-text |Inflation rate (consumer prices)| afghanistan "56.7% (1991)" );; line 844 (wfb::source-text unemployment_rate afghanistan "NA%" );; line 848 (wfb::source-text budget afghanistan revenues "$NA" );; line 853 (wfb::source-text budget afghanistan expenditures "$NA, including capital expenditures of $NA" );; line 855 (wfb::source-text exports afghanistan "$188.2 million (f.o.b., 1991)" );; line 859 (wfb::source-text exports afghanistan commodities "fruits and nuts, handwoven carpets, wool, cotton, hides and pelts, precious and semi-precious gems" );; line 861 (wfb::source-text exports afghanistan partners "FSU countries, Pakistan, Iran, Germany, India, UK, Belgium, Luxembourg, Czechoslovakia" );; line 864 (wfb::source-text imports afghanistan "$616.4 million (c.i.f., 1991)" );; line 869 (wfb::source-text imports afghanistan commodities "food and petroleum products; most consumer goods" );; line 871 (wfb::source-text imports afghanistan partners "FSU countries, Pakistan, Iran, Japan, Singapore, India, South Korea, Germany" );; line 873 (wfb::source-text external_debt afghanistan "$2.3 billion (March 1991 est.)" );; line 878 (wfb::source-text industrial_production afghanistan "growth rate 2.3% (FY90/91 est.); accounts for about 25% of GDP" );; line 882 (wfb::source-text electricity afghanistan capacity "480,000 kW" );; line 887 (wfb::source-text electricity afghanistan production "550 million kWh" );; line 889 (wfb::source-text electricity afghanistan consumption_per_capita "39 kWh (1993)" );; line 891 (wfb::source-text industry afghanistan "small-scale production of textiles, soap, furniture, shoes, fertilizer, and cement; handwoven carpets; natural gas, oil, coal, copper" );; line 895 (wfb::source-text agriculture afghanistan "largely subsistence farming and nomadic animal husbandry; cash products - wheat, fruits, nuts, karakul pelts, wool, mutton" );; line 900 (wfb::source-text illicit_drugs afghanistan "an illicit cultivator of opium poppy and cannabis for the international drug trade; world's second-largest opium producer after Burma (950 metric tons in 1994) and a major source of hashish" );; line 905 (wfb::source-text economic_aid afghanistan recipient "$450 million US assistance provided 1985-1993; the UN provides assistance in the form of food aid, immunization, land mine removal, and a wide range of aid to refugees and displaced persons" );; line 912 (wfb::source-text currency afghanistan "1 afghani (AF) = 100 puls" );; line 918 (wfb::source-text exchange_rates afghanistan "afghanis (Af) per US$1 - 1,900 (January 1994), 1,019 (March 1993), 850 (1991), 700 (1989-90), 220 (1988-89); note - these rates reflect the free market exchange rates rather than the official exchange rates" );; line 922 (wfb::source-text fiscal_year afghanistan "21 March - 20 March" );; line 928 (wfb::source-text railroads afghanistan total "24.6 km" );; line 934 (wfb::source-text railroads afghanistan broad_gauge "9.6 km 1.524-m gauge from Gushgy (Turkmenistan) to Towraghondi; 15 km 1,524-m gauge from Termiz (Uzbekistan) to Kheyrabad transshipment point on south bank of Amu Darya" );; line 936 (wfb::source-text highways afghanistan total "21,000 km" );; line 943 (wfb::source-text highways afghanistan paved "2,800 km" );; line 945 (wfb::source-text highways afghanistan unpaved "gravel 1,650 km; earth 16,550 km (1984)" );; line 947 (wfb::source-text inland_waterways afghanistan "total navigability 1,200 km; chiefly Amu Darya, which handles vessels up to about 500 metric tons" );; line 951 (wfb::source-text pipelines afghanistan "petroleum products - Uzbekistan to Bagram and Turkmenistan to Shindand; natural gas 180 km" );; line 956 (wfb::source-text port afghanistan "Keleft, Kheyrabad, Shir Khan" );; line 961 (wfb::source-text airports afghanistan total "48" );; line 966 (wfb::source-text airports afghanistan |with paved runways over 3,047 m| "3" );; line 968 (wfb::source-text airports afghanistan |with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m| "5" );; line 970 (wfb::source-text airports afghanistan |with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m| "2" );; line 972 (wfb::source-text airports afghanistan with_paved_runways_under_914_m "15" );; line 974 (wfb::source-text airports afghanistan |with unpaved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m| "3" );; line 976 (wfb::source-text airports afghanistan |with unpaved runways 1,524 to 2,438 m| "14" );; line 978 (wfb::source-text airports afghanistan |with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m| "6" );; line 980 (wfb::source-text telephone_system afghanistan "31,200 telephones; limited telephone, telegraph, and radiobroadcast services; 1 public telephone in Kabul" );; line 985 (wfb::source-text telephone_system afghanistan local "NA" );; line 988 (wfb::source-text telephone_system afghanistan intercity "NA" );; line 990 (wfb::source-text telephone_system afghanistan international "one link between western Afghanistan and Iran (via satellite)" );; line 992 (wfb::source-text radio afghanistan broadcast_stations "AM 5, FM 0, shortwave 2" );; line 997 (wfb::source-text radio afghanistan radios "NA" );; line 999 (wfb::source-text television afghanistan broadcast_stations "several television stations run by factions and local councils which provide intermittent service" );; line 1004 (wfb::source-text television afghanistan televisions "NA" );; line 1007 (wfb::source-text defense_branch afghanistan "the military still does not exist on a national scale; some elements of the former Army, Air and Air Defense Forces, National Guard, Border Guard Forces, National Police Force (Sarandoi), and tribal militias still exist but are factionalized among the various mujahedin and former regime leaders" );; line 1013 (wfb::source-text manpower_availability afghanistan "males age 15-49 5,646,789; males fit for military service 3,011,777; males reach military age (22) annually 200,264 (1995 est.)" );; line 1021 (wfb::source-text defense_expenditures afghanistan "exchange rate conversion - $450 million, 15% of GDP (1990 est.); the new government has not yet adopted a defense budget" );; line 1026 (wfb::source-text location albania "Southeastern Europe, bordering the Adriatic Sea and Ionian Sea, between Greece and Serbia and Montenegro" );; line 1037 (wfb::source-text map_references albania "Ethnic Groups in Eastern Europe, Europe" );; line 1042 (wfb::source-text area albania total_area "28,750 sq km" );; line 1047 (wfb::source-text area albania land_area "27,400 sq km" );; line 1049 (wfb::source-text area albania comparative_area "slightly larger than Maryland" );; line 1051 (wfb::source-text borders albania "total 720 km, Greece 282 km, The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia 151 km, Serbia and Montenegro 287 km (114 km with Serbia, 173 km with Montenegro)" );; line 1055 (wfb::source-text coastline albania "362 km" );; line 1061 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims albania continental_shelf "200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation" );; line 1066 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims albania territorial_sea "12 nm" );; line 1068 (wfb::source-text international_disputes albania "the Albanian Government supports protection of the rights of ethnic Albanians outside of its borders; Albanian majority in Kosovo seeks independence from Serbian Republic; Albanians in Macedonia claim discrimination in education, access to public sector jobs and representation in government; Albania is involved in a bilaterlal dispute with Greece over border demarcation, the treatment of Albania's ethnic Greek minority, and migrant Albanian workers in Greece" );; line 1072 (wfb::source-text climate albania "mild temperate; cool, cloudy, wet winters; hot, clear, dry summers; interior is cooler and wetter" );; line 1082 (wfb::source-text terrain albania "mostly mountains and hills; small plains along coast" );; line 1087 (wfb::source-text natural-resource albania "petroleum, natural gas, coal, chromium, copper, timber, nickel" );; line 1091 (wfb::source-text land_use albania arable_land "21%" );; line 1096 (wfb::source-text land_use albania permanent_crops "4%" );; line 1098 (wfb::source-text land_use albania meadows_and_pastures "15%" );; line 1100 (wfb::source-text land_use albania forest_and_woodland "38%" );; line 1102 (wfb::source-text land_use albania other "22%" );; line 1104 (wfb::source-text irrigated_land albania "4,230 sq km (1989)" );; line 1108 (wfb::source-text environment albania current_issues "deforestation; soil erosion; water pollution from industrial and domestic effluents" );; line 1113 (wfb::source-text environment albania natural_hazards "destructive earthquakes; tsunami occur along southwestern coast" );; line 1116 (wfb::source-text environment albania international_agreements "party to - Biodiversity, Climate Change" );; line 1118 (wfb::source-text note albania "strategic location along Strait of Otranto (links Adriatic Sea to Ionian Sea and Mediterranean Sea)" );; line 1122 (wfb::source-text population albania "3,413,904 (July 1995 est.)" );; line 1129 (wfb::source-text age_structure albania 0-14_years "32% (female 520,186; male 563,953)" );; line 1137 (wfb::source-text age_structure albania 15-64_years "62% (female 1,026,321; male 1,104,371)" );; line 1139 (wfb::source-text age_structure albania 65_years_and_over "6% (female 112,252; male 86,821) (July 1995 est.)" );; line 1141 (wfb::source-text population_growth_rate albania "1.16% (1995 est.)" );; line 1145 (wfb::source-text birth_rate albania "21.7 births/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 1149 (wfb::source-text death_rate albania "5.22 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 1153 (wfb::source-text net_migration_rate albania "-4.88 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 1157 (wfb::source-text infant_mortality_rate albania "28.1 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.)" );; line 1161 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth albania total_population "73.81 years" );; line 1166 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth albania male "70.83 years" );; line 1168 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth albania female "77.02 years (1995 est.)" );; line 1170 (wfb::source-text total_fertility_rate albania "2.71 children born/woman (1995 est.)" );; line 1174 (wfb::source-text nationality albania noun "Albanian(s)" );; line 1179 (wfb::source-text nationality albania adjective "Albanian" );; line 1181 (wfb::source-text ethnic-entity albania "Albanian 95%, Greeks 3%, other 2% (Vlachs, Gypsies, Serbs, and Bulgarians) (1989 est.)" );; line 1185 (wfb::source-text religion albania "Muslim 70%, Albanian Orthodox 20%, Roman Catholic 10%" );; line 1190 (wfb::source-text language albania "Albanian (Tosk is the official dialect), Greek" );; line 1198 (wfb::source-text literacy albania "age 9 and over can read and write (1955)" );; line 1202 (wfb::source-text literacy albania total_population "72%" );; line 1204 (wfb::source-text literacy albania male "80%" );; line 1206 (wfb::source-text literacy albania female "63%" );; line 1208 (wfb::source-text total_labor_force albania "1.5 million (1987)" );; line 1212 (wfb::source-text labor_force_by_occupation albania by_occupation "agriculture 60%, industry and commerce 40% (1986)" );; line 1214 (wfb::source-text names albania conventional_long_form "Republic of Albania" );; line 1220 (wfb::source-text names albania conventional_short_form "Albania" );; line 1222 (wfb::source-text names albania local_long_form "Republika e Shqiperise" );; line 1224 (wfb::source-text names albania local_short_form "Shqiperia" );; line 1226 (wfb::source-text names albania former "People's Socialist Republic of Albania" );; line 1228 (wfb::source-text digraph albania "AL" );; line 1232 (wfb::source-text type albania "emerging democracy" );; line 1236 (wfb::source-text capital albania "Tirane" );; line 1240 (wfb::source-text administrative_divisions albania "26 districts (rrethe, singular - rreth); Berat, Dibre, Durres, Elbasan, Fier, Gjirokaster, Gramsh, Kolonje, Korce, Kruje, Kukes, Lezhe, Librazhd, Lushnje, Mat, Mirdite, Permet, Pogradec, Puke, Sarande, Shkoder, Skrapar, Tepelene, Tirane, Tropoje, Vlore" );; line 1244 (wfb::source-text independence albania "28 November 1912 (from Ottoman Empire)" );; line 1251 (wfb::source-text national_holiday albania "Independence Day, 28 November (1912)" );; line 1255 (wfb::source-text constitution albania "an interim basic law was approved by the People's Assembly on 29 April 1991; a draft constitution was rejected by popular referendum in the fall of 1994 and a new draft is pending" );; line 1259 (wfb::source-text legal_system albania "has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction" );; line 1265 (wfb::source-text suffrage albania "18 years of age; universal and compulsory" );; line 1269 (wfb::source-text executive_branch albania chief_of_state "President of the Republic Sali BERISHA (since 9 April 1992)" );; line 1274 (wfb::source-text executive_branch albania head_of_government "Prime Minister of the Council of Ministers Aleksander Gabriel MEKSI (since 10 April 1992)" );; line 1276 (wfb::source-text executive_branch albania cabinet "Council of Ministers; appointed by the president" );; line 1279 (wfb::source-text legislative_structure albania "unicameral" );; line 1283 (wfb::source-text legislative_branch albania |People's Assembly (Kuvendi Popullor)| "elections last held 22 March 1992; results - DP 62.29%, ASP 25.57%, SDP 4.33%, RP 3.15%, UHP 2.92%, other 1.74%; seats - (140 total) DP 92, ASP 38, SDP 7, RP 1, UHP 2" );; line 1285 (wfb::source-text judicial_branch albania "Supreme Court" );; line 1294 (wfb::source-text political_parties_and_leaders albania "there are at least 28 political parties; most prominent are the Albanian Socialist Party (ASP; formerly the Albania Workers Party), Fatos NANO, first secretary; Democratic Party (DP); Albanian Republican Party (RP), Sabri GODO; Omonia (Greek minority party), Sotir QIRJAZATI, first secretary; Social Democratic Party (SDP), Skender GJINUSHI; Democratic Alliance Party (DAP), Neritan CEKA, chairman; Unity for Human Rights Party (UHP), Vasil MELO, chairman; Ecology Party (EP), Namik HOTI, chairman" );; line 1298 (wfb::source-text member_of albania "BSEC, CCC, CE (guest), EBRD, ECE, FAO, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT (nonsignatory user), INTERPOL, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, NACC, OIC, OSCE, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO" );; line 1308 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us albania chief_of_mission "Ambassador Lublin Hasan DILJA" );; line 1316 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us albania chancery "Suite 1010, 1511 K Street NW, Washington, DC 20005" );; line 1318 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us albania telephone "[1] (202) 223-4942, 8187" );; line 1320 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us albania fax "[1] (202) 628-7342" );; line 1322 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation albania chief_of_mission "Ambassador Joseph E. LAKE" );; line 1327 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation albania embassy "Rruga E. Elbansanit 103, Tirane" );; line 1329 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation albania mailing_address "PSC 59, Box 100 (A), APO AE 09624" );; line 1331 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation albania telephone "[355] (42) 328-75, 335-20" );; line 1333 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation albania fax "[355] (42) 322-22" );; line 1335 (wfb::source-text flag albania "red with a black two-headed eagle in the center" );; line 1339 (wfb::source-text overview albania "An extremely poor country by European standards, Albania is making the difficult transition to a more open-market economy. The economy rebounded in 1993-94 after a severe depression accompanying the collapse of the previous centrally planned system in 1990 and 1991. Stabilization policies - including a strict monetary policy, public sector layoffs, and reduced social services - have improved the government's fiscal situation and reduced inflation. The recovery was spurred by the remittances of some 20% of the population which works abroad, mostly in Greece and Italy. These remittances supplement GDP and help offset the large foreign trade deficit. Foreign assistance and humanitarian aid also supported the recovery. Most agricultural land was privatized in 1992, substantially improving peasant incomes. Albania's limited industrial sector, now less than one-sixth of GDP, continued to decline in 1994. A sharp fall in chromium prices reduced hard currency receipts from the mining sector. Large segments of the population, especially those living in urban areas, continue to depend on humanitarian aid to meet basic food requirements. Unemployment remains a severe problem accounting for approximately one-fifth of the work force. Growth is expected to continue in 1995, but could falter if Albania becomes involved in the conflict in the former Yugoslavia, workers' remittances from Greece are reduced, or foreign assistance declines." );; line 1344 (wfb::source-text national_product albania "GDP - purchasing power parity - $3.8 billion (1994 est.)" );; line 1367 (wfb::source-text national_product_real_growth_rate albania "11% (1994 est.)" );; line 1371 (wfb::source-text national_product_per_capita albania "$1,110 (1994 est.)" );; line 1375 (wfb::source-text |Inflation rate (consumer prices)| albania "16% (1994)" );; line 1379 (wfb::source-text unemployment_rate albania "18% (1994 est.)" );; line 1383 (wfb::source-text budget albania revenues "$1.1 billion" );; line 1388 (wfb::source-text budget albania expenditures "$1.4 billion, including capital expenditures of $70 million (1991 est.)" );; line 1390 (wfb::source-text exports albania "$112 million (f.o.b., 1993)" );; line 1395 (wfb::source-text exports albania commodities "asphalt, metals and metallic ores, electricity, crude oil, vegetables, fruits, tobacco" );; line 1397 (wfb::source-text exports albania partners "Italy, The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Germany, Greece, Czech Republic, Slovakia, Poland, Romania, Bulgaria, Hungary" );; line 1400 (wfb::source-text imports albania "$621 million (f.o.b., 1993)" );; line 1405 (wfb::source-text imports albania commodities "machinery, consumer goods, grains" );; line 1407 (wfb::source-text imports albania partners "Italy, The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Germany, Czech Republic, Slovakia, Romania, Poland, Hungary, Bulgaria, Greece" );; line 1409 (wfb::source-text external_debt albania "$920 million (1994 est.)" );; line 1414 (wfb::source-text industrial_production albania "growth rate -10% (1993 est.); accounts for 16% of GDP (1993 est.)" );; line 1418 (wfb::source-text electricity albania capacity "770,000 kW" );; line 1423 (wfb::source-text electricity albania production "4 billion kWh" );; line 1425 (wfb::source-text electricity albania consumption_per_capita "1,200 kWh (1994)" );; line 1427 (wfb::source-text industry albania "food processing, textiles and clothing, lumber, oil, cement, chemicals, mining, basic metals, hydropower" );; line 1431 (wfb::source-text agriculture albania "accounts for 55% of GDP; arable land per capita among lowest in Europe; 80% of arable land now in private hands; 60% of the work force engaged in farming; produces wide range of temperate-zone crops and livestock" );; line 1436 (wfb::source-text illicit_drugs albania "transshipment point for Southwest Asian heroin transiting the Balkan route and cocaine from South America destined for Western Europe; limited opium production" );; line 1442 (wfb::source-text economic_aid albania recipient "$303 million (1993)" );; line 1449 (wfb::source-text currency albania "1 lek (L) = 100 qintars" );; line 1453 (wfb::source-text exchange_rates albania "leke (L) per US$1 - 100 (January 1995), 99 (January 1994), 97 (January 1993), 50 (January 1992), 25 (September 1991)" );; line 1457 (wfb::source-text fiscal_year albania "calendar year" );; line 1462 (wfb::source-text railroads albania total "543 km line connecting Podgorica (Serbia and Montenegro) and Shkoder completed August 1986" );; line 1468 (wfb::source-text railroads albania standard_gauge "509 km 1.435-m gauge" );; line 1471 (wfb::source-text railroads albania narrow_gauge "34 km 0.950-m gauge (1990)" );; line 1473 (wfb::source-text highways albania total "18,450 km" );; line 1478 (wfb::source-text highways albania paved "17,450 km" );; line 1480 (wfb::source-text highways albania unpaved "earth 1,000 km (1991)" );; line 1482 (wfb::source-text inland_waterways albania "43 km plus Albanian sections of Lake Scutari, Lake Ohrid, and Lake Prespa (1990)" );; line 1486 (wfb::source-text pipelines albania "crude oil 145 km; petroleum products 55 km; natural gas 64 km (1991)" );; line 1491 (wfb::source-text port albania "Durres, Sarande, Shergjin, Vlore" );; line 1496 (wfb::source-text merchant_marine albania total "11 cargo ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 52,967 GRT/76,887 DWT" );; line 1501 (wfb::source-text airports albania total "11" );; line 1506 (wfb::source-text airports albania |with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m| "3" );; line 1508 (wfb::source-text airports albania |with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m| "2" );; line 1510 (wfb::source-text airports albania |with unpaved runways over 3,047 m| "2" );; line 1512 (wfb::source-text airports albania |with unpaved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m| "1" );; line 1514 (wfb::source-text airports albania |with unpaved runways 1,524 to 2,438 m| "1" );; line 1516 (wfb::source-text airports albania |with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m| "2" );; line 1518 (wfb::source-text telephone_system albania "about 55,000 telephones; about 15 telephones/1,000 persons" );; line 1523 (wfb::source-text telephone_system albania local "primitive; about 11,000 telephones in Tirane, the capital city" );; line 1525 (wfb::source-text telephone_system albania intercity "obsolete wire system; no longer provides a telephone for every village; in 1992, following the fall of the communist government, peasants cut the wire to about 1,000 villages and used it to build fences" );; line 1527 (wfb::source-text telephone_system albania international "inadequate; carried through the Tirane exchange and transmitted through Italy on 240 microwave radio relay circuits and through Greece on 150 microwave radio relay circuits" );; line 1531 (wfb::source-text radio albania broadcast_stations "AM 17, FM 1, shortwave 0" );; line 1538 (wfb::source-text radio albania radios "515,000 (1987 est.)" );; line 1540 (wfb::source-text television albania broadcast_stations "9" );; line 1545 (wfb::source-text television albania televisions "255,000 (1987 est.)" );; line 1547 (wfb::source-text defense_branch albania "Army, Navy, Air and Air Defense Forces, Interior Ministry Troops, Border Guards" );; line 1553 (wfb::source-text manpower_availability albania "males age 15-49 919,085; males fit for military service 755,574; males reach military age (19) annually 33,323 (1995 est.)" );; line 1558 (wfb::source-text defense_expenditures albania "330 million leke, NA% of GNP (1993); note - conversion of defense expenditures into US dollars using the current exchange rate could produce misleading results" );; line 1563 (wfb::source-text location algeria "Northern Africa, bordering the Mediterranean Sea, between Morocco and Tunisia" );; line 1575 (wfb::source-text map_references algeria "Africa" );; line 1580 (wfb::source-text area algeria total_area "2,381,740 sq km" );; line 1585 (wfb::source-text area algeria land_area "2,381,740 sq km" );; line 1587 (wfb::source-text area algeria comparative_area "slightly less than 3.5 times the size of Texas" );; line 1589 (wfb::source-text borders algeria "total 6,343 km, Libya 982 km, Mali 1,376 km, Mauritania 463 km, Morocco 1,559 km, Niger 956 km, Tunisia 965 km, Western Sahara 42 km" );; line 1593 (wfb::source-text coastline algeria "998 km" );; line 1598 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims algeria exclusive_fishing_zone "32-52 nm" );; line 1603 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims algeria territorial_sea "12 nm" );; line 1605 (wfb::source-text international_disputes algeria "Libya claims part of southeastern Algeria; land boundary dispute with Tunisia settled in 1993" );; line 1609 (wfb::source-text climate algeria "arid to semiarid; mild, wet winters with hot, dry summers along coast; drier with cold winters and hot summers on high plateau; sirocco is a hot, dust/sand-laden wind especially common in summer" );; line 1614 (wfb::source-text terrain algeria "mostly high plateau and desert; some mountains; narrow, discontinuous coastal plain" );; line 1620 (wfb::source-text natural-resource algeria "petroleum, natural gas, iron ore, phosphates, uranium, lead, zinc" );; line 1625 (wfb::source-text land_use algeria arable_land "3%" );; line 1631 (wfb::source-text land_use algeria permanent_crops "0%" );; line 1633 (wfb::source-text land_use algeria meadows_and_pastures "13%" );; line 1635 (wfb::source-text land_use algeria forest_and_woodland "2%" );; line 1637 (wfb::source-text land_use algeria other "82%" );; line 1639 (wfb::source-text irrigated_land algeria "3,360 sq km (1989 est.)" );; line 1643 (wfb::source-text environment algeria current_issues "soil erosion from overgrazing and other poor farming practices; desertification; dumping of raw sewage, petroleum refining wastes, and other industrial effluents is leading to the pollution of rivers and coastal waters; Mediterranean Sea, in particular, becoming polluted from oil wastes, soil erosion, and fertilizer runoff; inadequate supplies of potable water" );; line 1648 (wfb::source-text environment algeria natural_hazards "mountainous areas subject to severe earthquakes; mudslides" );; line 1654 (wfb::source-text environment algeria international_agreements "party to - Climate Change, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands; signed, but not ratified - Biodiversity, Desertification, Law of the Sea, Nuclear Test Ban" );; line 1656 (wfb::source-text note algeria "second-largest country in Africa (after Sudan)" );; line 1662 (wfb::source-text population algeria "28,539,321 (July 1995 est.)" );; line 1668 (wfb::source-text age_structure algeria 0-14_years "41% (female 5,678,879; male 5,885,246)" );; line 1673 (wfb::source-text age_structure algeria 15-64_years "56% (female 7,887,885; male 8,033,508)" );; line 1675 (wfb::source-text age_structure algeria 65_years_and_over "3% (female 557,636; male 496,167) (July 1995 est.)" );; line 1677 (wfb::source-text population_growth_rate algeria "2.25% (1995 est.)" );; line 1681 (wfb::source-text birth_rate algeria "29.02 births/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 1685 (wfb::source-text death_rate algeria "6.05 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 1689 (wfb::source-text net_migration_rate algeria "-0.49 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 1693 (wfb::source-text infant_mortality_rate algeria "50.3 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.)" );; line 1697 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth algeria total_population "68.01 years" );; line 1702 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth algeria male "66.94 years" );; line 1704 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth algeria female "69.13 years (1995 est.)" );; line 1706 (wfb::source-text total_fertility_rate algeria "3.7 children born/woman (1995 est.)" );; line 1710 (wfb::source-text nationality algeria noun "Algerian(s)" );; line 1715 (wfb::source-text nationality algeria adjective "Algerian" );; line 1717 (wfb::source-text ethnic-entity algeria "Arab-Berber 99%, European less than 1%" );; line 1721 (wfb::source-text religion algeria "Sunni Muslim (state religion) 99%, Christian and Jewish 1%" );; line 1725 (wfb::source-text language algeria "Arabic (official), French, Berber dialects" );; line 1729 (wfb::source-text literacy algeria "age 15 and over can read and write (1990 est.)" );; line 1733 (wfb::source-text literacy algeria total_population "57%" );; line 1735 (wfb::source-text literacy algeria male "70%" );; line 1737 (wfb::source-text literacy algeria female "46%" );; line 1739 (wfb::source-text total_labor_force algeria "6.2 million (1992 est.)" );; line 1743 (wfb::source-text labor_force_by_occupation algeria by_occupation "government 29.5%, agriculture 22%, construction and public works 16.2%, industry 13.6%, commerce and services 13.5%, transportation and communication 5.2% (1989)" );; line 1745 (wfb::source-text names algeria conventional_long_form "Democratic and Popular Republic of Algeria" );; line 1753 (wfb::source-text names algeria conventional_short_form "Algeria" );; line 1755 (wfb::source-text names algeria local_long_form "Al Jumhuriyah al Jaza'iriyah ad Dimuqratiyah ash Shabiyah" );; line 1757 (wfb::source-text names algeria local_short_form "Al Jaza'ir" );; line 1759 (wfb::source-text digraph algeria "AG" );; line 1763 (wfb::source-text type algeria "republic" );; line 1767 (wfb::source-text capital algeria "Algiers" );; line 1771 (wfb::source-text administrative_divisions algeria "48 provinces (wilayas, singular - wilaya); Adrar, Ain Defla, Ain Temouchent, Alger, Annaba, Batna, Bechar, Bejaia, Biskra, Blida, Bordj Bou Arreridj, Bouira, Boumerdes, Chlef, Constantine, Djelfa, El Bayadh, El Oued, El Tarf, Ghardaia, Guelma, Illizi, Jijel, Khenchela, Laghouat, Mascara, Medea, Mila, Mostaganem, M'Sila, Naama, Oran, Ouargla, Oum el Bouaghi, Relizane, Saida, Setif, Sidi Bel Abbes, Skikda, Souk Ahras, Tamanghasset, Tebessa, Tiaret, Tindouf, Tipaza, Tissemsilt, Tizi Ouzou, Tlemcen" );; line 1775 (wfb::source-text independence algeria "5 July 1962 (from France)" );; line 1785 (wfb::source-text national_holiday algeria "Anniversary of the Revolution, 1 November (1954)" );; line 1789 (wfb::source-text constitution algeria "19 November 1976, effective 22 November 1976; revised 3 November 1988 and 23 February 1989" );; line 1793 (wfb::source-text legal_system algeria "socialist, based on French and Islamic law; judicial review of legislative acts in ad hoc Constitutional Council composed of various public officials, including several Supreme Court justices; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction" );; line 1798 (wfb::source-text suffrage algeria "18 years of age; universal" );; line 1805 (wfb::source-text executive_branch algeria chief_of_state "President Lamine ZEROUAL (since 31 January 1994); next election to be held by the end of 1995" );; line 1810 (wfb::source-text executive_branch algeria head_of_government "Prime Minister Mokdad SIFI (since 11 April 1994)" );; line 1813 (wfb::source-text executive_branch algeria cabinet "Council of Ministers; appointed by the prime minister" );; line 1815 (wfb::source-text legislative_structure algeria "unicameral; note - suspended since 1992" );; line 1819 (wfb::source-text legislative_branch algeria |National People's Assembly (Al-Majlis Ech-Chaabi Al-Watani)| "elections first round held on 26 December 1991 (second round canceled by the military after President BENDJEDID resigned 11 January 1992, effectively suspending the Assembly); results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (281 total); the fundamentalist FIS won 188 of the 231 seats contested in the first round; note - elections (provincial and municipal) were held in June 1990, the first in Algerian history; results - FIS 55%, FLN 27.5%, other 17.5%, with 65% of the voters participating" );; line 1821 (wfb::source-text judicial_branch algeria "Supreme Court (Cour Supreme)" );; line 1831 (wfb::source-text political_parties_and_leaders algeria "Islamic Salvation Front (FIS, outlawed April 1992), Ali BELHADJ, Dr. Abassi MADANI, Abdelkader HACHANI (all under arrest), Rabeh KEBIR (self-exile in Germany); National Liberation Front (FLN), Abdelhamid MEHRI, Secretary General; Socialist Forces Front (FFS), Hocine Ait AHMED, Secretary General" );; line 1835 (wfb::source-text member_of algeria "ABEDA, AfDB, AFESD, AL, AMF, AMU, CCC, ECA, FAO, G-15, G-19, G-24, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, INMARSAT, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, ISO, ITU, NAM, OAPEC, OAS (observer), OAU, OIC, OPEC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNMIH, UPU, WCL, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO" );; line 1846 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us algeria chief_of_mission "Ambassador Osmane BENCHERIF" );; line 1855 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us algeria chancery "2118 Kalorama Road NW, Washington, DC 20008" );; line 1857 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us algeria telephone "[1] (202) 265-2800" );; line 1859 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation algeria chief_of_mission "Ambassador Ronald E. NEUMANN" );; line 1864 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation algeria embassy "4 Chemin Cheikh Bachir El-Ibrahimi, Algiers" );; line 1866 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation algeria mailing_address "B. P. Box 549, Alger-Gare, 16000 Algiers" );; line 1868 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation algeria telephone "[213] (2) 69-11-86, 69-18-54, 69-38-75" );; line 1870 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation algeria fax "[213] (2) 69-39-79" );; line 1872 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation algeria |consulate(s)| "none (Oran closed June 1993)" );; line 1874 (wfb::source-text flag algeria "two equal vertical bands of green (hoist side) and white with a red five-pointed star within a red crescent; the crescent, star, and color green are traditional symbols of Islam (the state religion)" );; line 1878 (wfb::source-text overview algeria "The hydrocarbons sector is the backbone of the economy, accounting for roughly 57% of government revenues, 25% of GDP, and almost all export earnings; Algeria has the fifth largest reserves of natural gas in the world and ranks fourteenth for oil. Algiers' efforts to reform one of the most centrally planned economies in the Arab world began after the 1986 collapse of world oil prices plunged the country into a severe recession. In 1989, the government launched a comprehensive, IMF-supported program to achieve macroeconomic stabilization and to introduce market mechanisms into the economy. Despite substantial progress toward macroeconomic adjustment, in 1992 the reform drive stalled as Algiers became embroiled in political turmoil. In September 1993, a new government was formed, and one priority was the resumption and acceleration of the structural adjustment process. Buffeted by the slump in world oil prices and burdened with a heavy foreign debt, Algiers concluded a one-year standby arrangement with the IMF in April 1994." );; line 1885 (wfb::source-text national_product algeria "GDP - purchasing power parity - $97.1 billion (1994 est.)" );; line 1902 (wfb::source-text national_product_real_growth_rate algeria "0.2% (1994 est.)" );; line 1906 (wfb::source-text national_product_per_capita algeria "$3,480 (1994 est.)" );; line 1910 (wfb::source-text |Inflation rate (consumer prices)| algeria "30% (1994 est.)" );; line 1914 (wfb::source-text unemployment_rate algeria "30% (1994 est.)" );; line 1918 (wfb::source-text budget algeria revenues "$14.3 billion" );; line 1923 (wfb::source-text budget algeria expenditures "$17.9 billion (1995 est.)" );; line 1925 (wfb::source-text exports algeria "$9.1 billion (f.o.b., 1994)" );; line 1929 (wfb::source-text exports algeria commodities "petroleum and natural gas 97%" );; line 1931 (wfb::source-text exports algeria partners "Italy 21%, France 16%, US 14%, Germany 13%, Spain 9%" );; line 1933 (wfb::source-text imports algeria "$9.2 billion (f.o.b., 1994 est.)" );; line 1937 (wfb::source-text imports algeria commodities "capital goods 39.7%, food and beverages 21.7%, consumer goods 11.8% (1990)" );; line 1939 (wfb::source-text imports algeria partners "France 29%, Italy 14%, Spain 9%, US 9%, Germany 7%" );; line 1942 (wfb::source-text external_debt algeria "$26 billion (1994)" );; line 1946 (wfb::source-text industrial_production algeria "growth rate NA%; accounts for 35% of GDP (including hydrocarbons)" );; line 1950 (wfb::source-text electricity algeria capacity "5,370,000 kW" );; line 1955 (wfb::source-text electricity algeria production "18.3 billion kWh" );; line 1957 (wfb::source-text electricity algeria consumption_per_capita "587 kWh (1993)" );; line 1959 (wfb::source-text industry algeria "petroleum, light industries, natural gas, mining, electrical, petrochemical, food processing" );; line 1963 (wfb::source-text agriculture algeria "accounts for 12% of GDP (1993) and employs 22% of labor force; products- wheat, barley, oats, grapes, olives, citrus, fruits, sheep, cattle; net importer of food - grain, vegetable oil, sugar" );; line 1968 (wfb::source-text economic_aid algeria recipient "US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-85), $1.4 billion; Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-89), $925 million; OPEC bilateral aid (1979-89), $1.8 billion; Communist countries (1970-89), $2.7 billion; net official disbursements (1985-89), $375 million" );; line 1975 (wfb::source-text currency algeria "1 Algerian dinar (DA) = 100 centimes" );; line 1982 (wfb::source-text exchange_rates algeria "Algerian dinars (DA) per US$1 - 42.710 (January 1995), 35.059 (1994), 23.345 (1993), 21.836 (1992), 18.473 (1991), 8.958 (1990)" );; line 1986 (wfb::source-text fiscal_year algeria "calendar year" );; line 1991 (wfb::source-text railroads algeria total "4,733 km" );; line 1997 (wfb::source-text railroads algeria standard_gauge "3,576 km 1.435-m gauge (299 km electrified; 215 km double track)" );; line 1999 (wfb::source-text railroads algeria narrow_gauge "1,157 km 1.055-m gauge" );; line 2001 (wfb::source-text highways algeria total "95,576 km" );; line 2006 (wfb::source-text highways algeria paved "concrete, bituminous 57,346 km" );; line 2008 (wfb::source-text highways algeria unpaved "gravel, crushed stone, earth 38,230 km" );; line 2010 (wfb::source-text pipelines algeria "crude oil 6,612 km; petroleum products 298 km; natural gas 2,948 km" );; line 2014 (wfb::source-text port algeria "Algiers, Annaba, Arzew, Bejaia, Beni Saf, Dellys, Djendjene, Ghazaouet, Jijel, Mostaganem, Oran, Skikda, Tenes" );; line 2019 (wfb::source-text merchant_marine algeria total "75 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 903,179 GRT/1,064,211 DWT" );; line 2025 (wfb::source-text merchant_marine algeria ships_by_type "bulk 9, cargo 27, chemical tanker 7, liquefied gas tanker 9, oil tanker 5, roll-on/roll-off cargo 12, short-sea passenger 5, specialized tanker 1" );; line 2027 (wfb::source-text airports algeria total "139" );; line 2034 (wfb::source-text airports algeria |with paved runways over 3,047 m| "9" );; line 2036 (wfb::source-text airports algeria |with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m| "23" );; line 2038 (wfb::source-text airports algeria |with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m| "14" );; line 2040 (wfb::source-text airports algeria |with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m| "5" );; line 2042 (wfb::source-text airports algeria with_paved_runways_under_914_m "20" );; line 2044 (wfb::source-text airports algeria |with unpaved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m| "3" );; line 2046 (wfb::source-text airports algeria |with unpaved runways 1,524 to 2,438 m| "24" );; line 2048 (wfb::source-text airports algeria |with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m| "41" );; line 2050 (wfb::source-text telephone_system algeria "822,000 telephones; excellent domestic and international service in the north, sparse in the south" );; line 2055 (wfb::source-text telephone_system algeria local "NA" );; line 2058 (wfb::source-text telephone_system algeria intercity "12 domestic satellite links; 20 additional satellite links are planned" );; line 2060 (wfb::source-text telephone_system algeria international "5 submarine cables; microwave radio relay to Italy, France, Spain, Morocco, and Tunisia; coaxial cable to Morocco and Tunisia; 2 INTELSAT (1 Atlantic Ocean and 1 Indian Ocean), 1 Intersputnik, 1 ARABSAT earth station" );; line 2063 (wfb::source-text radio algeria broadcast_stations "AM 26, FM 0, shortwave 0" );; line 2070 (wfb::source-text radio algeria radios "5.2 million" );; line 2072 (wfb::source-text television algeria broadcast_stations "18" );; line 2077 (wfb::source-text television algeria televisions "1.6 million" );; line 2079 (wfb::source-text defense_branch algeria "National Popular Army, Navy, Air Force, Territorial Air Defense, National Gendarmerie" );; line 2085 (wfb::source-text manpower_availability algeria "males age 15-49 7,124,894; males fit for military service 4,373,272; males reach military age (19) annually 313,707 (1995 est.)" );; line 2090 (wfb::source-text defense_expenditures algeria "exchange rate conversion - $1.3 billion, 2.7% of GDP (1994)" );; line 2095 (wfb::source-text location american_samoa "Oceania, group of islands in the South Pacific Ocean, about one-half of the way from Hawaii to New Zealand" );; line 2105 (wfb::source-text map_references american_samoa "Oceania" );; line 2110 (wfb::source-text area american_samoa total_area "199 sq km" );; line 2115 (wfb::source-text area american_samoa land_area "199 sq km" );; line 2117 (wfb::source-text area american_samoa comparative_area "slightly larger than Washington, DC" );; line 2119 (wfb::source-text borders american_samoa "0 km" );; line 2125 (wfb::source-text coastline american_samoa "116 km" );; line 2129 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims american_samoa exclusive_economic_zone "200 nm" );; line 2134 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims american_samoa territorial_sea "12 nm" );; line 2136 (wfb::source-text international_disputes american_samoa "none" );; line 2140 (wfb::source-text climate american_samoa "tropical marine, moderated by southeast trade winds; annual rainfall averages 124 inches; rainy season from November to April, dry season from May to October; little seasonal temperature variation" );; line 2144 (wfb::source-text terrain american_samoa "five volcanic islands with rugged peaks and limited coastal plains, two coral atolls (Rose Island, Swains Island)" );; line 2150 (wfb::source-text natural-resource american_samoa "pumice, pumicite" );; line 2155 (wfb::source-text land_use american_samoa arable_land "10%" );; line 2160 (wfb::source-text land_use american_samoa permanent_crops "5%" );; line 2162 (wfb::source-text land_use american_samoa meadows_and_pastures "0%" );; line 2164 (wfb::source-text land_use american_samoa forest_and_woodland "75%" );; line 2166 (wfb::source-text land_use american_samoa other "10%" );; line 2168 (wfb::source-text irrigated_land american_samoa "NA sq km" );; line 2172 (wfb::source-text environment american_samoa current_issues "limited natural fresh water resources; in many areas of the island water supplies come from roof catchments" );; line 2177 (wfb::source-text environment american_samoa natural_hazards "typhoons common from December to March" );; line 2180 (wfb::source-text environment american_samoa international_agreements "NA" );; line 2182 (wfb::source-text note american_samoa "Pago Pago has one of the best natural deepwater harbors in the South Pacific Ocean, sheltered by shape from rough seas and protected by peripheral mountains from high winds; strategic location in the South Pacific Ocean" );; line 2186 (wfb::source-text population american_samoa "57,366 (July 1995 est.)" );; line 2195 (wfb::source-text age_structure american_samoa 0-14_years "NA" );; line 2200 (wfb::source-text age_structure american_samoa 15-64_years "NA" );; line 2202 (wfb::source-text age_structure american_samoa 65_years_and_over "NA" );; line 2204 (wfb::source-text population_growth_rate american_samoa "3.82% (1995 est.)" );; line 2208 (wfb::source-text birth_rate american_samoa "36.21 births/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 2212 (wfb::source-text death_rate american_samoa "4.01 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 2216 (wfb::source-text net_migration_rate american_samoa "6 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 2220 (wfb::source-text infant_mortality_rate american_samoa "18.78 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.)" );; line 2224 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth american_samoa total_population "72.91 years" );; line 2229 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth american_samoa male "71.03 years" );; line 2231 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth american_samoa female "74.85 years (1995 est.)" );; line 2233 (wfb::source-text total_fertility_rate american_samoa "4.3 children born/woman (1995 est.)" );; line 2237 (wfb::source-text nationality american_samoa noun "American Samoan(s)" );; line 2242 (wfb::source-text nationality american_samoa adjective "American Samoan" );; line 2244 (wfb::source-text ethnic-entity american_samoa "Samoan (Polynesian) 89%, Caucasian 2%, Tongan 4%, other 5%" );; line 2248 (wfb::source-text religion american_samoa "Christian Congregationalist 50%, Roman Catholic 20%, Protestant denominations and other 30%" );; line 2252 (wfb::source-text language american_samoa "Samoan (closely related to Hawaiian and other Polynesian languages), English; most people are bilingual" );; line 2257 (wfb::source-text literacy american_samoa "age 15 and over can read and write (1980)" );; line 2262 (wfb::source-text literacy american_samoa total_population "97%" );; line 2264 (wfb::source-text literacy american_samoa male "98%" );; line 2266 (wfb::source-text literacy american_samoa female "97%" );; line 2268 (wfb::source-text total_labor_force american_samoa "14,400 (1990)" );; line 2272 (wfb::source-text labor_force_by_occupation american_samoa by_occupation "government 33%, tuna canneries 34%, other 33% (1990)" );; line 2274 (wfb::source-text names american_samoa conventional_long_form "Territory of American Samoa" );; line 2280 (wfb::source-text names american_samoa conventional_short_form "American Samoa" );; line 2282 (wfb::source-text abbreviation american_samoa "AS" );; line 2286 (wfb::source-text digraph american_samoa "AQ" );; line 2290 (wfb::source-text type american_samoa "unincorporated and unorganized territory of the US; administered by the US Department of Interior, Office of Territorial and International Affairs" );; line 2294 (wfb::source-text capital american_samoa "Pago Pago" );; line 2300 (wfb::source-text administrative_divisions american_samoa "none (territory of the US)" );; line 2304 (wfb::source-text independence american_samoa "none (territory of the US)" );; line 2308 (wfb::source-text national_holiday american_samoa "Territorial Flag Day, 17 April (1900)" );; line 2312 (wfb::source-text constitution american_samoa "ratified 1966, in effect 1967" );; line 2316 (wfb::source-text legal_system american_samoa "NA" );; line 2320 (wfb::source-text suffrage american_samoa "18 years of age; universal" );; line 2324 (wfb::source-text executive_branch american_samoa chief_of_state "President William Jefferson CLINTON (since 20 January 1993); Vice President Albert GORE, Jr. (since 20 January 1993)" );; line 2329 (wfb::source-text executive_branch american_samoa head_of_government "Governor A. P. LUTALI (since 3 January 1993); Lieutenant Governor Tauese P. SUNIA (since 3 January 1993); election last held 3 November 1992 (next to be held NA November 1996); results - A. P. LUTALI (Democrat) 53%, Peter Tali COLEMAN (Republican) 36%" );; line 2332 (wfb::source-text legislative_structure american_samoa "bicameral Legislative Assembly (Fono)" );; line 2339 (wfb::source-text legislative_branch american_samoa house_of_representatives "elections last held 3 November 1992 (next to be held NA November 1994); results - representatives popularly elected from 17 house districts; seats - (21 total, 20 elected, and 1 nonvoting delegate from Swains Island)" );; line 2341 (wfb::source-text legislative_branch american_samoa senate "elections last held 3 November 1992 (next to be held NA November 1996); results - senators elected by village chiefs from 12 senate districts; seats - (18 total) number of seats by party NA" );; line 2345 (wfb::source-text legislative_branch american_samoa us_house_of_representatives "elections last held 3 November 1992 (next to be held NA November 1994); results - Eni R. F. H. FALEOMAVAEGA reelected as delegate" );; line 2349 (wfb::source-text judicial_branch american_samoa "High Court" );; line 2354 (wfb::source-text political_parties_and_leaders american_samoa "NA" );; line 2358 (wfb::source-text member_of american_samoa "ESCAP (associate), INTERPOL (subbureau), IOC, SPC" );; line 2362 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us american_samoa "none (territory of the US)" );; line 2366 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation american_samoa "none (territory of the US)" );; line 2370 (wfb::source-text flag american_samoa "blue with a white triangle edged in red that is based on the fly side and extends to the hoist side; a brown and white American bald eagle flying toward the hoist side is carrying two traditional Samoan symbols of authority, a staff and a war club" );; line 2374 (wfb::source-text overview american_samoa "Economic activity is strongly linked to the US, with which American Samoa conducts 80%-90% of its foreign trade. Tuna fishing and tuna processing plants are the backbone of the private sector, with canned tuna the primary export. The tuna canneries and the government are by far the two largest employers. Other economic activities include a slowly developing tourist industry. Transfers from the US Government add substantially to American Samoa's economic well-being." );; line 2382 (wfb::source-text national_product american_samoa "GDP - purchasing power parity - $128 million (1991 est.)" );; line 2392 (wfb::source-text national_product_real_growth_rate american_samoa "NA%" );; line 2396 (wfb::source-text national_product_per_capita american_samoa "$2,600 (1991)" );; line 2400 (wfb::source-text |Inflation rate (consumer prices)| american_samoa "7% (1990)" );; line 2404 (wfb::source-text unemployment_rate american_samoa "12% (1991)" );; line 2408 (wfb::source-text budget american_samoa revenues "$97 million (includes $43,000,000 in local revenue and $54,000,000 in grant revenue);" );; line 2413 (wfb::source-text budget american_samoa expenditures "$NA, including capital expenditures of $NA (FY90/91)" );; line 2416 (wfb::source-text exports american_samoa "$306 million (f.o.b., 1989)" );; line 2420 (wfb::source-text exports american_samoa commodities "canned tuna 93%" );; line 2422 (wfb::source-text exports american_samoa partners "US 99.6%" );; line 2424 (wfb::source-text imports american_samoa "$360.3 million (c.i.f., 1989)" );; line 2428 (wfb::source-text imports american_samoa commodities "materials for canneries 56%, food 8%, petroleum products 7%, machinery and parts 6%" );; line 2430 (wfb::source-text imports american_samoa partners "US 62%, Japan 9%, NZ 7%, Australia 11%, Fiji 4%, other 7%" );; line 2433 (wfb::source-text external_debt american_samoa "$NA" );; line 2437 (wfb::source-text industrial_production american_samoa "growth rate NA%" );; line 2441 (wfb::source-text electricity american_samoa capacity "30,000 kW" );; line 2446 (wfb::source-text electricity american_samoa production "90 million kWh" );; line 2448 (wfb::source-text electricity american_samoa consumption_per_capita "1,505 kWh (1993)" );; line 2450 (wfb::source-text industry american_samoa "tuna canneries (largely dependent on foreign fishing vessels), meat canning, handicrafts" );; line 2454 (wfb::source-text agriculture american_samoa "bananas, coconuts, vegetables, taro, breadfruit, yams, copra, pineapples, papayas, dairy farming" );; line 2459 (wfb::source-text economic_aid american_samoa recipient "$21,042,650 in operational funds and $1,227,000 in construction funds for capital improvement projects from the US Department of Interior (1991)" );; line 2465 (wfb::source-text currency american_samoa "1 United States dollar = 100 cents" );; line 2471 (wfb::source-text exchange_rates american_samoa "US currency is used" );; line 2475 (wfb::source-text fiscal_year american_samoa "1 October - 30 September" );; line 2479 (wfb::source-text railroads american_samoa "0 km" );; line 2484 (wfb::source-text highways american_samoa total "350 km" );; line 2489 (wfb::source-text highways american_samoa paved "150 km" );; line 2491 (wfb::source-text highways american_samoa unpaved "200 km" );; line 2493 (wfb::source-text port american_samoa "Aanu'u (new construction), Auasi, Faleosao, Ofu, Pago Pago, Ta'u" );; line 2497 (wfb::source-text merchant_marine american_samoa "none" );; line 2501 (wfb::source-text airports american_samoa total "4" );; line 2506 (wfb::source-text airports american_samoa |with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m| "1" );; line 2508 (wfb::source-text airports american_samoa with_paved_runways_under_914_m "3" );; line 2510 (wfb::source-text telephone_system american_samoa "8,399 telephones; good telex, telegraph, and facsimile services" );; line 2517 (wfb::source-text telephone_system american_samoa local "NA" );; line 2519 (wfb::source-text telephone_system american_samoa intercity "NA" );; line 2521 (wfb::source-text telephone_system american_samoa international "1 INTELSAT (Pacific Ocean) and 1 COMSAT earth station" );; line 2523 (wfb::source-text radio american_samoa broadcast_stations "AM 1, FM 1, shortwave 0" );; line 2528 (wfb::source-text radio american_samoa radios "NA" );; line 2530 (wfb::source-text television american_samoa broadcast_stations "1" );; line 2535 (wfb::source-text television american_samoa televisions "NA" );; line 2537 (wfb::source-text note american_samoa "defense is the responsibility of the US" );; line 2543 (wfb::source-text location andorra "Southwestern Europe, between France and Spain" );; line 2553 (wfb::source-text map_references andorra "Europe" );; line 2557 (wfb::source-text area andorra total_area "450 sq km" );; line 2562 (wfb::source-text area andorra land_area "450 sq km" );; line 2564 (wfb::source-text area andorra comparative_area "slightly more than 2.5 times the size of Washington, DC" );; line 2566 (wfb::source-text borders andorra "total 125 km, France 60 km, Spain 65 km" );; line 2570 (wfb::source-text coastline andorra "0 km (landlocked)" );; line 2574 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims andorra "none; landlocked" );; line 2578 (wfb::source-text international_disputes andorra "none" );; line 2582 (wfb::source-text climate andorra "temperate; snowy, cold winters and warm, dry summers" );; line 2586 (wfb::source-text terrain andorra "rugged mountains dissected by narrow valleys" );; line 2590 (wfb::source-text natural-resource andorra "hydropower, mineral water, timber, iron ore, lead" );; line 2594 (wfb::source-text land_use andorra arable_land "2%" );; line 2599 (wfb::source-text land_use andorra permanent_crops "0%" );; line 2601 (wfb::source-text land_use andorra meadows_and_pastures "56%" );; line 2603 (wfb::source-text land_use andorra forest_and_woodland "22%" );; line 2605 (wfb::source-text land_use andorra other "20%" );; line 2607 (wfb::source-text irrigated_land andorra "NA sq km" );; line 2611 (wfb::source-text environment andorra current_issues "deforestation; overgrazing of mountain meadows contributes to soil erosion" );; line 2616 (wfb::source-text environment andorra natural_hazards "snowslides, avalanches" );; line 2619 (wfb::source-text environment andorra international_agreements "NA" );; line 2621 (wfb::source-text note andorra "landlocked" );; line 2625 (wfb::source-text population andorra "65,780 (July 1995 est.)" );; line 2631 (wfb::source-text age_structure andorra 0-14_years "18% (female 5,503; male 5,985)" );; line 2636 (wfb::source-text age_structure andorra 15-64_years "70% (female 21,873; male 24,334)" );; line 2638 (wfb::source-text age_structure andorra 65_years_and_over "12% (female 4,020; male 4,065) (July 1995 est.)" );; line 2640 (wfb::source-text population_growth_rate andorra "2.72% (1995 est.)" );; line 2644 (wfb::source-text birth_rate andorra "12.92 births/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 2648 (wfb::source-text death_rate andorra "7.25 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 2652 (wfb::source-text net_migration_rate andorra "21.53 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 2656 (wfb::source-text infant_mortality_rate andorra "7.7 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.)" );; line 2660 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth andorra total_population "78.52 years" );; line 2665 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth andorra male "75.65 years" );; line 2667 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth andorra female "81.66 years (1995 est.)" );; line 2669 (wfb::source-text total_fertility_rate andorra "1.72 children born/woman (1995 est.)" );; line 2673 (wfb::source-text nationality andorra noun "Andorran(s)" );; line 2678 (wfb::source-text nationality andorra adjective "Andorran" );; line 2680 (wfb::source-text ethnic-entity andorra "Spanish 61%, Andorran 30%, French 6%, other 3%" );; line 2684 (wfb::source-text religion andorra "Roman Catholic (predominant)" );; line 2688 (wfb::source-text language andorra "Catalan (official), French, Castilian" );; line 2692 (wfb::source-text literacy andorra "NA%" );; line 2696 (wfb::source-text total_labor_force andorra "NA" );; line 2700 (wfb::source-text names andorra conventional_long_form "Principality of Andorra" );; line 2706 (wfb::source-text names andorra conventional_short_form "Andorra" );; line 2708 (wfb::source-text names andorra local_long_form "Principat d'Andorra" );; line 2710 (wfb::source-text names andorra local_short_form "Andorra" );; line 2712 (wfb::source-text digraph andorra "AN" );; line 2716 (wfb::source-text type andorra "parliamentary democracy (since March 1993) that retains as its heads of state a co-principality; the two princes are the president of France and Spanish bishop of Seo de Urgel, who are represented locally by officials called veguers" );; line 2720 (wfb::source-text capital andorra "Andorra la Vella" );; line 2727 (wfb::source-text administrative_divisions andorra "7 parishes (parroquies, singular - parroquia); Andorra, Canillo, Encamp, La Massana, Les Escaldes, Ordino, Sant Julia de Loria" );; line 2731 (wfb::source-text independence andorra "1278" );; line 2736 (wfb::source-text national_holiday andorra "Mare de Deu de Meritxell, 8 September" );; line 2740 (wfb::source-text constitution andorra "Andorra's first written constitution was drafted in 1991; adopted 14 March 1993" );; line 2744 (wfb::source-text legal_system andorra "based on French and Spanish civil codes; no judicial review of legislative acts; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction" );; line 2749 (wfb::source-text suffrage andorra "18 years of age; universal" );; line 2754 (wfb::source-text executive_branch andorra chiefs_of_state "French Co-Prince Francois MITTERRAND (since 21 May 1981), represented by Veguer de Franca Jean Pierre COURTOIS (since NA); note - COURTOIS is to become French ambassador to Libreville and his replacement has not been announced; Spanish Episcopal Co-Prince Mgr. Juan MARTI Alanis (since 31 January 1971), represented by Veguer Episcopal Francesc BADIA Bata (since NA); two permanent delegates (French Prefect Pierre STEINMETZ for the department of Pyrenees-Orientales, since NA, and Spanish Vicar General Nemesi MARQUES Oste for the Seo de Urgel diocese, since NA)" );; line 2759 (wfb::source-text executive_branch andorra head_of_government "Executive Council President Marc FORNE (since 21 December 1994) elected by Parliament, following resignation of Oscar RIBAS Reig" );; line 2768 (wfb::source-text executive_branch andorra cabinet "Executive Council; designated by the executive council president" );; line 2771 (wfb::source-text legislative_structure andorra "unicameral" );; line 2775 (wfb::source-text legislative_branch andorra general_council_of_the_valleys "(Consell General de las Valls); elections last held 12 December 1993 (next to be held NA); yielded no clear winner; results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (28 total) number of seats by party NA" );; line 2777 (wfb::source-text judicial_branch andorra "Supreme Court of Andorra at Perpignan (France) for civil cases, the Ecclesiastical Court of the bishop of Seo de Urgel (Spain) for civil cases, Tribunal of the Courts (Tribunal des Cortes) for criminal cases" );; line 2783 (wfb::source-text political_parties_and_leaders andorra "National Democratic Group (AND), Oscar RIBAS Reig and Jordi FARRAS; Liberal Union (UL), Francesc CERQUEDA; New Democracy (ND), Jaume BARTOMEU; Andorran National Coalition (CNA), Antoni CERQUEDA; National Democratic Initiative (IDN), Vincenc MATEU; Liberal Union (UL), Marc FORNE" );; line 2789 (wfb::source-text member_of andorra "ECE, IFRCS (associate), INTERPOL, IOC, ITU, UN, UNESCO" );; line 2798 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us andorra "Andorra has no mission in the US" );; line 2802 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation andorra "Andorra is included within the Barcelona (Spain) Consular District, and the US Consul General visits Andorra periodically" );; line 2806 (wfb::source-text flag andorra "three equal vertical bands of blue (hoist side), yellow, and red with the national coat of arms centered in the yellow band; the coat of arms features a quartered shield; similar to the flags of Chad and Romania that do not have a national coat of arms in the center" );; line 2811 (wfb::source-text overview andorra "Tourism, the mainstay of Andorra's economy, accounts for roughly 80% of GDP. An estimated 13 million tourists visit annually, attracted by Andorra's duty-free status and by its summer and winter resorts. The banking sector, with its \"tax haven\" status, also contributes substantially to the economy. Agricultural production is limited by a scarcity of arable land, and most food has to be imported. The principal livestock activity is sheep raising. Manufacturing consists mainly of cigarettes, cigars, and furniture. Andorra is a member of the EU Customs Union; it is unclear what effect the European Single Market will have on the advantages Andorra obtains from its duty-free status." );; line 2819 (wfb::source-text national_product andorra "GDP - purchasing power parity - $760 million (1992 est.)" );; line 2832 (wfb::source-text national_product_real_growth_rate andorra "NA%" );; line 2836 (wfb::source-text national_product_per_capita andorra "$14,000 (1992 est.)" );; line 2840 (wfb::source-text |Inflation rate (consumer prices)| andorra "NA%" );; line 2844 (wfb::source-text unemployment_rate andorra "0%" );; line 2848 (wfb::source-text budget andorra revenues "$138 million" );; line 2853 (wfb::source-text budget andorra expenditures "$177 million, including capital expenditures of $NA (1993)" );; line 2855 (wfb::source-text exports andorra "$30 million (f.o.b., 1993 est.)" );; line 2859 (wfb::source-text exports andorra commodities "electricity, tobacco products, furniture" );; line 2861 (wfb::source-text exports andorra partners "France, Spain" );; line 2863 (wfb::source-text imports andorra "$NA" );; line 2867 (wfb::source-text imports andorra commodities "consumer goods, food" );; line 2869 (wfb::source-text imports andorra partners "France, Spain" );; line 2871 (wfb::source-text external_debt andorra "$NA" );; line 2875 (wfb::source-text industrial_production andorra "growth rate NA%" );; line 2879 (wfb::source-text electricity andorra capacity "35,000 kW" );; line 2884 (wfb::source-text electricity andorra production "140 million kWh" );; line 2886 (wfb::source-text electricity andorra consumption_per_capita "2,570 kWh (1992)" );; line 2888 (wfb::source-text industry andorra "tourism (particularly skiing), sheep, timber, tobacco, banking" );; line 2892 (wfb::source-text agriculture andorra "sheep raising; small quantities of tobacco, rye, wheat, barley, oats, and some vegetables" );; line 2896 (wfb::source-text economic_aid andorra "none" );; line 2901 (wfb::source-text currency andorra "1 French franc (F) = 100 centimes; 1 peseta (Pta) = 100 centimos; the French and Spanish currencies are used" );; line 2905 (wfb::source-text exchange_rates andorra "French francs (F) per US$1 - 5.2943 (January 1995), 5,5520 (1994), 5.6632 (1993), 5.2938 (1992), 5.6421 (1991), 5.4453 (1990); Spanish pesetas (Ptas) per US$1 - 132.61 (January 1995), 133.96 (1994), 127.26 (1993), 102.38 (1992), 103.91 (1991), 101.93 (1990)" );; line 2910 (wfb::source-text fiscal_year andorra "calendar year" );; line 2917 (wfb::source-text railroads andorra "0 km" );; line 2922 (wfb::source-text highways andorra total "96 km" );; line 2927 (wfb::source-text highways andorra paved "NA" );; line 2929 (wfb::source-text highways andorra unpaved "NA" );; line 2931 (wfb::source-text port andorra "none" );; line 2935 (wfb::source-text airports andorra "none" );; line 2939 (wfb::source-text telephone_system andorra "17,700 telephones; digital microwave network" );; line 2944 (wfb::source-text telephone_system andorra local "NA" );; line 2946 (wfb::source-text telephone_system andorra intercity "NA" );; line 2948 (wfb::source-text telephone_system andorra international "landline circuits to France and Spain" );; line 2950 (wfb::source-text radio andorra broadcast_stations "AM 1, FM 0, shortwave 0" );; line 2955 (wfb::source-text radio andorra radios "NA" );; line 2957 (wfb::source-text television andorra broadcast_stations "0" );; line 2962 (wfb::source-text television andorra televisions "NA" );; line 2964 (wfb::source-text note andorra "defense is the responsibility of France and Spain" );; line 2970 (wfb::source-text location angola "Southern Africa, bordering the South Atlantic Ocean, between Namibia and Zaire" );; line 2980 (wfb::source-text map_references angola "Africa" );; line 2985 (wfb::source-text area angola total_area "1,246,700 sq km" );; line 2990 (wfb::source-text area angola land_area "1,246,700 sq km" );; line 2992 (wfb::source-text area angola comparative_area "slightly less than twice the size of Texas" );; line 2994 (wfb::source-text borders angola "total 5,198 km, Congo 201 km, Namibia 1,376 km, Zaire 2,511 km, Zambia 1,110 km" );; line 2998 (wfb::source-text coastline angola "1,600 km" );; line 3003 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims angola exclusive_fishing_zone "200 nm" );; line 3008 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims angola territorial_sea "20 nm" );; line 3010 (wfb::source-text international_disputes angola "none" );; line 3014 (wfb::source-text climate angola "semiarid in south and along coast to Luanda; north has cool, dry season (May to October) and hot, rainy season (November to April)" );; line 3018 (wfb::source-text terrain angola "narrow coastal plain rises abruptly to vast interior plateau" );; line 3023 (wfb::source-text natural-resource angola "petroleum, diamonds, iron ore, phosphates, copper, feldspar, gold, bauxite, uranium" );; line 3027 (wfb::source-text land_use angola arable_land "2%" );; line 3033 (wfb::source-text land_use angola permanent_crops "0%" );; line 3035 (wfb::source-text land_use angola meadows_and_pastures "23%" );; line 3037 (wfb::source-text land_use angola forest_and_woodland "43%" );; line 3039 (wfb::source-text land_use angola other "32%" );; line 3041 (wfb::source-text irrigated_land angola "NA km2" );; line 3045 (wfb::source-text environment angola current_issues "population pressures contributing to overuse of pastures and subsequent soil erosion; desertification; deforestation of tropical rain forest attributable to the international demand for tropical timber and domestic use as a fuel; deforestation contributing to loss of biodiversity; soil erosion contributing to water pollution and siltation of rivers and dams; inadequate supplies of potable water" );; line 3050 (wfb::source-text environment angola natural_hazards "locally heavy rainfall causes periodic flooding on the plateau" );; line 3057 (wfb::source-text environment angola international_agreements "party to - Law of the Sea; signed, but not ratified - Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification" );; line 3059 (wfb::source-text note angola "Cabinda is separated from rest of country by Zaire" );; line 3064 (wfb::source-text population angola "10,069,501 (July 1995 est.)" );; line 3070 (wfb::source-text age_structure angola 0-14_years "45% (female 2,208,307; male 2,274,533)" );; line 3075 (wfb::source-text age_structure angola 15-64_years "53% (female 2,641,259; male 2,685,543)" );; line 3077 (wfb::source-text age_structure angola 65_years_and_over "2% (female 136,573; male 123,286) (July 1995 est.)" );; line 3079 (wfb::source-text population_growth_rate angola "2.68% (1995 est.)" );; line 3083 (wfb::source-text birth_rate angola "45.05 births/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 3087 (wfb::source-text death_rate angola "18.1 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 3091 (wfb::source-text net_migration_rate angola "-0.15 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 3095 (wfb::source-text infant_mortality_rate angola "142.1 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.)" );; line 3099 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth angola total_population "46.28 years" );; line 3104 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth angola male "44.18 years" );; line 3106 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth angola female "48.49 years (1995 est.)" );; line 3108 (wfb::source-text total_fertility_rate angola "6.42 children born/woman (1995 est.)" );; line 3112 (wfb::source-text nationality angola noun "Angolan(s)" );; line 3117 (wfb::source-text nationality angola adjective "Angolan" );; line 3119 (wfb::source-text ethnic-entity angola "Ovimbundu 37%, Kimbundu 25%, Bakongo 13%, mestico (mixed European and Native African) 2%, European 1%, other 22%" );; line 3123 (wfb::source-text religion angola "indigenous beliefs 47%, Roman Catholic 38%, Protestant 15% (est.)" );; line 3128 (wfb::source-text language angola "Portuguese (official), Bantu and other African languages" );; line 3132 (wfb::source-text literacy angola "age 15 and over can read and write (1990 est.)" );; line 3136 (wfb::source-text literacy angola total_population "42%" );; line 3138 (wfb::source-text literacy angola male "56%" );; line 3140 (wfb::source-text literacy angola female "28%" );; line 3142 (wfb::source-text total_labor_force angola "2.783 million economically active" );; line 3146 (wfb::source-text labor_force_by_occupation angola by_occupation "agriculture 85%, industry 15% (1985 est.)" );; line 3148 (wfb::source-text note angola "Civil war has been the norm since independence from Portugal on 11 November 1975; a cease-fire lasted from 31 May 1991 until October 1992 when the insurgent National Union for the Total Independence of Angola (UNITA) refused to accept its defeat in internationally monitored elections and fighting resumed throughout much of the countryside. The two sides signed another peace accord on 20 November 1994; the cease-fire is generally holding but most provisions of the accord remain to be implemented." );; line 3153 (wfb::source-text names angola conventional_long_form "Republic of Angola" );; line 3164 (wfb::source-text names angola conventional_short_form "Angola" );; line 3166 (wfb::source-text names angola local_long_form "Republica de Angola" );; line 3168 (wfb::source-text names angola local_short_form "Angola" );; line 3170 (wfb::source-text names angola former "People's Republic of Angola" );; line 3172 (wfb::source-text digraph angola "AO" );; line 3176 (wfb::source-text type angola "transitional government nominally a multiparty democracy with a strong presidential system" );; line 3180 (wfb::source-text capital angola "Luanda" );; line 3185 (wfb::source-text administrative_divisions angola "18 provinces (provincias, singular - provincia); Bengo, Benguela, Bie, Cabinda, Cuando Cubango, Cuanza Norte, Cuanza Sul, Cunene, Huambo, Huila, Luanda, Lunda Norte, Lunda Sul, Malanje, Moxico, Namibe, Uige, Zaire" );; line 3189 (wfb::source-text independence angola "11 November 1975 (from Portugal)" );; line 3195 (wfb::source-text national_holiday angola "Independence Day, 11 November (1975)" );; line 3199 (wfb::source-text constitution angola "11 November 1975; revised 7 January 1978, 11 August 1980, 6 March 1991, and 26 August 1992" );; line 3203 (wfb::source-text legal_system angola "based on Portuguese civil law system and customary law; recently modified to accommodate political pluralism and increased use of free markets" );; line 3208 (wfb::source-text suffrage angola "18 years of age; universal" );; line 3213 (wfb::source-text executive_branch angola chief_of_state "President Jose Eduardo DOS SANTOS (since 21 September 1979)" );; line 3218 (wfb::source-text executive_branch angola head_of_government "Prime Minister Marcolino Jose Carlos MOCO (since 2 December 1992)" );; line 3220 (wfb::source-text executive_branch angola cabinet "Council of Ministers; appointed by the president" );; line 3223 (wfb::source-text legislative_structure angola "unicameral" );; line 3227 (wfb::source-text legislative_branch angola |National Assembly (Assembleia Nacional)| "first nationwide, multiparty elections were held 29-30 September 1992 with disputed results" );; line 3229 (wfb::source-text judicial_branch angola "Supreme Court (Tribunal da Relacao)" );; line 3234 (wfb::source-text political_parties_and_leaders angola "Popular Movement for the Liberation of Angola (MPLA), led by Jose Eduardo DOS SANTOS, is the ruling party and has been in power since 1975; National Union for the Total Independence of Angola (UNITA), led by Jonas SAVIMBI, is a legal party despite its history of armed resistance to the government; five minor parties have small numbers of seats in the National Assembly" );; line 3238 (wfb::source-text other_political_or_pressure_groups angola "Cabindan State Liberation Front (FLEC), N'ZITA Tiago, leader of largest faction (FLEC-FAC)" );; line 3247 (wfb::source-text member_of angola "ACP, AfDB, CCC, CEEAC (observer), ECA, FAO, FLS, G-77, GATT, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, IOM, ITU, NAM, OAS (observer), OAU, SADC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO" );; line 3255 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us angola chief_of_mission "Ambassador Jose Goncalves Martins PATRICIO" );; line 3263 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us angola embassy "1819 L Street NW, Washington, DC 20036, Suite 400" );; line 3265 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us angola telephone "[1] (202) 785-1156" );; line 3267 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us angola fax "[1] (202) 785-1258" );; line 3269 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation angola chief_of_mission "Ambassador Edmund T. DE JARNETTE" );; line 3274 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation angola embassy "32 Rua Houari Boumedienne, Miramar, Luanda" );; line 3276 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation angola mailing_address "C.P. 6484, Luanda; American Embassy, Luanda, Department of State, Washington, D.C. 20521-2550 (pouch)" );; line 3278 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation angola telephone "[244] (2) 345-481, 346-418" );; line 3281 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation angola fax "[244] (2) 347-884" );; line 3283 (wfb::source-text flag angola "two equal horizontal bands of red (top) and black with a centered yellow emblem consisting of a five-pointed star within half a cogwheel crossed by a machete (in the style of a hammer and sickle)" );; line 3287 (wfb::source-text overview angola "Subsistence agriculture provides the main livelihood for 80%-90% of the population but accounts for less than 15% of GDP. Oil production is vital to the economy, contributing about 60% to GDP. Despite the signing of a peace accord in November 1994 between the Angola government and the UNITA insurgents, sporadic fighting continues and many farmers remain reluctant to return to their fields. As a result, much of the country's food requirements must still be imported. Angola has rich natural resources - notably gold, diamonds, and arable land, in addition to large oil deposits - but will need to observe the cease-fire, implement the peace agreement, and reform government policies if it is to achieve its potential." );; line 3294 (wfb::source-text national_product angola "GDP - purchasing power parity - $6.1 billion (1994 est.)" );; line 3307 (wfb::source-text national_product_real_growth_rate angola "-1% (1994 est.)" );; line 3311 (wfb::source-text national_product_per_capita angola "$620 (1994 est.)" );; line 3315 (wfb::source-text |Inflation rate (consumer prices)| angola "20% average per month (1994 est.)" );; line 3319 (wfb::source-text unemployment_rate angola "15% with considerable underemployment (1993 est.)" );; line 3323 (wfb::source-text budget angola revenues "$928 million" );; line 3328 (wfb::source-text budget angola expenditures "$2.5 billion, including capital expenditures of $963 million (1992 est.)" );; line 3330 (wfb::source-text exports angola "$3 billion (f.o.b., 1993 est.)" );; line 3335 (wfb::source-text exports angola commodities "oil, diamonds, refined petroleum products, gas, coffee, sisal, fish and fish products, timber, cotton" );; line 3337 (wfb::source-text exports angola partners "US, France, Germany, Netherlands, Brazil" );; line 3340 (wfb::source-text imports angola "$1.6 billion (f.o.b., 1992 est.)" );; line 3344 (wfb::source-text imports angola commodities "capital equipment (machinery and electrical equipment), food, vehicles and spare parts, textiles and clothing, medicines, substantial military deliveries" );; line 3346 (wfb::source-text imports angola partners "Portugal, Brazil, US, France, Spain" );; line 3350 (wfb::source-text external_debt angola "$11.7 billion (1994 est.)" );; line 3354 (wfb::source-text industrial_production angola "growth rate NA%; accounts for about 60% of GDP, including petroleum output" );; line 3358 (wfb::source-text electricity angola capacity "620,000 kW" );; line 3364 (wfb::source-text electricity angola production "1.9 billion kWh" );; line 3366 (wfb::source-text electricity angola consumption_per_capita "189 kWh (1993)" );; line 3368 (wfb::source-text industry angola "petroleum; mining - diamonds, iron ore, phosphates, feldspar, bauxite, uranium, and gold; fish processing; food processing; brewing; tobacco; sugar; textiles; cement; basic metal products" );; line 3372 (wfb::source-text agriculture angola "cash crops - bananas, sugarcane, coffee, sisal, corn, cotton, cane, manioc, tobacco; food crops - cassava, corn, vegetables, plantains; livestock production accounts for 20%, fishing 4%, forestry 2% of total agricultural output" );; line 3378 (wfb::source-text illicit_drugs angola "increasingly used as a transshipment point for cocaine destined for Western Europe" );; line 3385 (wfb::source-text economic_aid angola recipient "US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-89), $265 million; Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-89), $1.105 billion; Communist countries (1970-89), $1.3 billion; net official disbursements (1985-89), $750 million" );; line 3391 (wfb::source-text currency angola "1 new kwanza (NKz) = 100 lwei" );; line 3398 (wfb::source-text exchange_rates angola "new kwanza (NKz) per US$1 - 900,000 (official rate 25 April 1995), 1,900,000 (black market rate 6 April 1995), 600,000 (official rate 10 January 1995), 90,000 (official rate 1 June 1994), 180,000 (black market rate 1 June 1994); 7,000 (official rate 16 December 1993), 50,000 (black market rate 16 December 1993); 3,884 (July 1993); 550 (April 1992); 90 (November 1991); 60 (October 1990)" );; line 3402 (wfb::source-text fiscal_year angola "calendar year" );; line 3411 (wfb::source-text railroads angola total "3,189 km; note - limited trackage in use because of landmines still in place from the civil war; majority of the Benguela Railroad also closed because of civil war" );; line 3417 (wfb::source-text railroads angola narrow_gauge "2,879 km 1.067-m gauge; 310 km 0.600-m gauge" );; line 3421 (wfb::source-text highways angola total "73,828 km" );; line 3426 (wfb::source-text highways angola paved "bituminous-surface 8,577 km" );; line 3428 (wfb::source-text highways angola unpaved "crushed stone, gravel, improved earth 29,350 km; unimproved earth 35,901 km" );; line 3430 (wfb::source-text inland_waterways angola "1,295 km navigable" );; line 3435 (wfb::source-text pipelines angola "crude oil 179 km" );; line 3439 (wfb::source-text port angola "Ambriz, Cabinda, Lobito, Luanda, Malogo, Namibe, Porto Amboim, Soyo" );; line 3443 (wfb::source-text merchant_marine angola total "12 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 63,776 GRT/99,863 DWT" );; line 3449 (wfb::source-text merchant_marine angola ships_by_type "cargo 11, oil tanker 1" );; line 3451 (wfb::source-text airports angola total "289" );; line 3456 (wfb::source-text airports angola |with paved runways over 3,047 m| "4" );; line 3458 (wfb::source-text airports angola |with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m| "9" );; line 3460 (wfb::source-text airports angola |with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m| "12" );; line 3462 (wfb::source-text airports angola |with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m| "6" );; line 3464 (wfb::source-text airports angola with_paved_runways_under_914_m "93" );; line 3466 (wfb::source-text airports angola |with unpaved runways over 3,047 m| "1" );; line 3468 (wfb::source-text airports angola |with unpaved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m| "5" );; line 3470 (wfb::source-text airports angola |with unpaved runways 1,524 to 2,438 m| "33" );; line 3472 (wfb::source-text airports angola |with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m| "126" );; line 3474 (wfb::source-text telephone_system angola "40,300 telephones; 4.1 telephones/1,000 persons; high frequency radio used extensively for military links; telephone service limited mostly to government and business use" );; line 3479 (wfb::source-text telephone_system angola local "NA" );; line 3483 (wfb::source-text telephone_system angola intercity "limited system of wire, microwave radio relay, and troposcatter routes" );; line 3485 (wfb::source-text telephone_system angola international "2 INTELSAT (Atlantic Ocean) earth stations" );; line 3488 (wfb::source-text radio angola broadcast_stations "AM 17, FM 13, shortwave 0" );; line 3493 (wfb::source-text radio angola radios "NA" );; line 3495 (wfb::source-text television angola broadcast_stations "6" );; line 3500 (wfb::source-text television angola televisions "NA" );; line 3502 (wfb::source-text defense_branch angola "Army, Navy, Air and Air Defense Forces, National Police Force" );; line 3508 (wfb::source-text manpower_availability angola "males age 15-49 2,315,717; males fit for military service 1,166,082; males reach military age (18) annually 100,273 (1995 est.)" );; line 3512 (wfb::source-text defense_expenditures angola "exchange rate conversion - $1.1 billion, 31% of GDP (1993)" );; line 3517 (wfb::source-text location anguilla "Caribbean, island in the Caribbean Sea, east of Puerto Rico" );; line 3528 (wfb::source-text map_references anguilla "Central America and the Caribbean" );; line 3532 (wfb::source-text area anguilla total_area "91 sq km" );; line 3537 (wfb::source-text area anguilla land_area "91 sq km" );; line 3539 (wfb::source-text area anguilla comparative_area "about half the size of Washington, DC" );; line 3541 (wfb::source-text borders anguilla "0 km" );; line 3545 (wfb::source-text coastline anguilla "61 km" );; line 3549 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims anguilla exclusive_fishing_zone "200 nm" );; line 3554 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims anguilla territorial_sea "3 nm" );; line 3556 (wfb::source-text international_disputes anguilla "none" );; line 3560 (wfb::source-text climate anguilla "tropical; moderated by northeast trade winds" );; line 3564 (wfb::source-text terrain anguilla "flat and low-lying island of coral and limestone" );; line 3568 (wfb::source-text natural-resource anguilla "negligible; salt, fish, lobster" );; line 3572 (wfb::source-text land_use anguilla arable_land "NA%" );; line 3577 (wfb::source-text land_use anguilla permanent_crops "NA%" );; line 3579 (wfb::source-text land_use anguilla meadows_and_pastures "NA%" );; line 3581 (wfb::source-text land_use anguilla forest_and_woodland "NA%" );; line 3583 (wfb::source-text land_use anguilla other "NA% (mostly rock with sparse scrub oak, few trees, some commercial salt ponds)" );; line 3585 (wfb::source-text irrigated_land anguilla "NA sq km" );; line 3590 (wfb::source-text environment anguilla current_issues "supplies of potable water sometimes cannot meet increasing demand largely because of poor distribution system" );; line 3595 (wfb::source-text environment anguilla natural_hazards "frequent hurricanes and other tropical storms (July to October)" );; line 3598 (wfb::source-text environment anguilla international_agreements "NA" );; line 3600 (wfb::source-text population anguilla "7,099 (July 1995 est.)" );; line 3606 (wfb::source-text age_structure anguilla 0-14_years "32% (female 1,129; male 1,115)" );; line 3611 (wfb::source-text age_structure anguilla 15-64_years "60% (female 2,101; male 2,126)" );; line 3613 (wfb::source-text age_structure anguilla 65_years_and_over "8% (female 362; male 266) (July 1995 est.)" );; line 3615 (wfb::source-text population_growth_rate anguilla "0.66% (1995 est.)" );; line 3619 (wfb::source-text birth_rate anguilla "24.09 births/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 3623 (wfb::source-text death_rate anguilla "8.03 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 3627 (wfb::source-text net_migration_rate anguilla "-9.44 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 3631 (wfb::source-text infant_mortality_rate anguilla "17.3 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.)" );; line 3635 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth anguilla total_population "74.1 years" );; line 3640 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth anguilla male "71.32 years" );; line 3642 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth anguilla female "76.91 years (1995 est.)" );; line 3644 (wfb::source-text total_fertility_rate anguilla "3.05 children born/woman (1995 est.)" );; line 3648 (wfb::source-text nationality anguilla noun "Anguillan(s)" );; line 3653 (wfb::source-text nationality anguilla adjective "Anguillan" );; line 3655 (wfb::source-text ethnic-entity anguilla "black African" );; line 3659 (wfb::source-text religion anguilla "Anglican 40%, Methodist 33%, Seventh-Day Adventist 7%, Baptist 5%, Roman Catholic 3%, other 12%" );; line 3663 (wfb::source-text language anguilla "English (official)" );; line 3668 (wfb::source-text literacy anguilla "age 12 and over can read and write (1984)" );; line 3672 (wfb::source-text literacy anguilla total_population "95%" );; line 3674 (wfb::source-text literacy anguilla male "95%" );; line 3676 (wfb::source-text literacy anguilla female "95%" );; line 3678 (wfb::source-text total_labor_force anguilla "4,400 (1992)" );; line 3682 (wfb::source-text labor_force_by_occupation anguilla by_occupation "commerce 36%, services 29%, construction 18%, transportation and utilities 10%, manufacturing 3%, agriculture/fishing/forestry/mining 4%" );; line 3684 (wfb::source-text names anguilla conventional_long_form "none" );; line 3691 (wfb::source-text names anguilla conventional_short_form "Anguilla" );; line 3693 (wfb::source-text digraph anguilla "AV" );; line 3697 (wfb::source-text type anguilla "dependent territory of the UK" );; line 3701 (wfb::source-text capital anguilla "The Valley" );; line 3705 (wfb::source-text administrative_divisions anguilla "none (dependent territory of the UK)" );; line 3709 (wfb::source-text independence anguilla "none (dependent territory of the UK)" );; line 3713 (wfb::source-text national_holiday anguilla "Anguilla Day, 30 May" );; line 3717 (wfb::source-text constitution anguilla "Anguilla Constitutional Orders 1 April 1982; amended 1990" );; line 3721 (wfb::source-text legal_system anguilla "based on English common law" );; line 3725 (wfb::source-text suffrage anguilla "18 years of age; universal" );; line 3729 (wfb::source-text executive_branch anguilla chief_of_state "Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952), represented by Governor Alan W. SHAVE (since 14 August 1992)" );; line 3734 (wfb::source-text executive_branch anguilla head_of_government "Chief Minister Hubert HUGHES (since 16 March 1994)" );; line 3737 (wfb::source-text executive_branch anguilla cabinet "Executive Council; appointed by the governor from the elected members of the House of Assembly" );; line 3739 (wfb::source-text legislative_structure anguilla "unicameral" );; line 3744 (wfb::source-text legislative_branch anguilla house_of_assembly "elections last held 16 March 1994 (next to be held March 1999); results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (11 total, 7 elected) ANA 2, AUP 2, ADP 2, independent 1" );; line 3746 (wfb::source-text judicial_branch anguilla "High Court" );; line 3752 (wfb::source-text political_parties_and_leaders anguilla "Anguilla National Alliance (ANA); Anguilla United Party (AUP), Hubert HUGHES; Anguilla Democratic Party (ADP), Victor BANKS" );; line 3756 (wfb::source-text member_of anguilla "CARICOM (observer), CDB, INTERPOL (subbureau)" );; line 3761 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us anguilla "none (dependent territory of the UK)" );; line 3765 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation anguilla "none (dependent territory of the UK)" );; line 3769 (wfb::source-text flag anguilla "two horizontal bands of white (top, almost triple width) and light blue with three orange dolphins in an interlocking circular design centered in the white band; a new flag may have been in use since 30 May 1990" );; line 3773 (wfb::source-text overview anguilla "Anguilla has few natural resources, and the economy depends heavily on lobster fishing, offshore banking, tourism, and remittances from emigrants. In recent years the economy has benefited from a boom in tourism and construction. Development plans center around the improvement of the infrastructure, particularly transport and tourist facilities, and also light industry." );; line 3780 (wfb::source-text national_product anguilla "GDP - purchasing power parity - $49 million (1993 est.)" );; line 3788 (wfb::source-text national_product_real_growth_rate anguilla "7.5% (1992)" );; line 3792 (wfb::source-text national_product_per_capita anguilla "$7,000 (1993 est.)" );; line 3796 (wfb::source-text |Inflation rate (consumer prices)| anguilla "3% (1992 est.)" );; line 3800 (wfb::source-text unemployment_rate anguilla "7% (1992 est.)" );; line 3804 (wfb::source-text budget anguilla revenues "$13.8 million" );; line 3809 (wfb::source-text budget anguilla expenditures "$15.2 million, including capital expenditures of $2.4 million (1992 est.)" );; line 3811 (wfb::source-text exports anguilla "$556,000 (f.o.b., 1992)" );; line 3816 (wfb::source-text exports anguilla commodities "lobster and salt" );; line 3818 (wfb::source-text exports anguilla partners "NA" );; line 3820 (wfb::source-text imports anguilla "$33.5 million (f.o.b., 1992)" );; line 3824 (wfb::source-text imports anguilla commodities "NA" );; line 3826 (wfb::source-text imports anguilla partners "NA" );; line 3828 (wfb::source-text external_debt anguilla "$NA" );; line 3832 (wfb::source-text industrial_production anguilla "growth rate NA%" );; line 3836 (wfb::source-text electricity anguilla capacity "2,000 kW" );; line 3841 (wfb::source-text electricity anguilla production "6 million kWh" );; line 3843 (wfb::source-text electricity anguilla consumption_per_capita "862 kWh (1992)" );; line 3845 (wfb::source-text industry anguilla "tourism, boat building, salt" );; line 3849 (wfb::source-text agriculture anguilla "pigeon peas, corn, sweet potatoes, sheep, goats, pigs, cattle, poultry, fishing (including lobster)" );; line 3853 (wfb::source-text economic_aid anguilla recipient "Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-89), $38 million" );; line 3859 (wfb::source-text currency anguilla "1 EC dollar (EC$) = 100 cents" );; line 3864 (wfb::source-text exchange_rates anguilla "East Caribbean dollars (EC$) per US$1 - 2.70 (fixed rate since 1976)" );; line 3868 (wfb::source-text fiscal_year anguilla "NA" );; line 3873 (wfb::source-text railroads anguilla "0 km" );; line 3878 (wfb::source-text highways anguilla total "105 km (1992 est.)" );; line 3883 (wfb::source-text highways anguilla paved "65 km" );; line 3885 (wfb::source-text highways anguilla unpaved "gravel and earth 40 km" );; line 3887 (wfb::source-text port anguilla "Blowing Point, Road Bay" );; line 3891 (wfb::source-text merchant_marine anguilla "none" );; line 3895 (wfb::source-text airports anguilla total "3" );; line 3900 (wfb::source-text airports anguilla |with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m| "1" );; line 3902 (wfb::source-text airports anguilla with_paved_runways_under_914_m "2" );; line 3904 (wfb::source-text telephone_system anguilla "890 telephones; modern internal telephone system" );; line 3909 (wfb::source-text telephone_system anguilla local "NA" );; line 3911 (wfb::source-text telephone_system anguilla intercity "NA" );; line 3913 (wfb::source-text telephone_system anguilla international "radio relay microwave link to island of Saint Martin" );; line 3915 (wfb::source-text radio anguilla broadcast_stations "AM 3, FM 1, shortwave 0" );; line 3920 (wfb::source-text radio anguilla radios "NA" );; line 3922 (wfb::source-text television anguilla broadcast_stations "0" );; line 3927 (wfb::source-text television anguilla televisions "NA" );; line 3929 (wfb::source-text note anguilla "defense is the responsibility of the UK" );; line 3935 (wfb::source-text location antarctica "continent mostly south of the Antarctic Circle" );; line 3945 (wfb::source-text map_references antarctica "Antarctic Region" );; line 3949 (wfb::source-text area antarctica total_area "14 million sq km (est.)" );; line 3954 (wfb::source-text area antarctica land_area "14 million sq km (est.)" );; line 3956 (wfb::source-text area antarctica comparative_area "slightly less than 1.5 times the size of the US" );; line 3958 (wfb::source-text borders antarctica "none, but see entry on International disputes" );; line 3964 (wfb::source-text coastline antarctica "17,968 km" );; line 3968 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims antarctica "none, but see entry on International Disputes" );; line 3972 (wfb::source-text international_disputes antarctica "Antarctic Treaty defers claims (see Antarctic Treaty Summary below); sections (some overlapping) claimed by Argentina, Australia, Chile, France (Adelie Land), New Zealand (Ross Dependency), Norway (Queen Maud Land), and UK; the US and most other nations do not recognize the territorial claims of other nations and have made no claims themselves (the US reserves the right to do so); no formal claims have been made in the sector between 90 degrees west and 150 degrees west" );; line 3976 (wfb::source-text climate antarctica "severe low temperatures vary with latitude, elevation, and distance from the ocean; East Antarctica is colder than West Antarctica because of its higher elevation; Antarctic Peninsula has the most moderate climate; higher temperatures occur in January along the coast and average slightly below freezing" );; line 3986 (wfb::source-text terrain antarctica "about 98% thick continental ice sheet and 2% barren rock, with average elevations between 2,000 and 4,000 meters; mountain ranges up to 4,897 meters high; ice-free coastal areas include parts of southern Victoria Land, Wilkes Land, the Antarctic Peninsula area, and parts of Ross Island on McMurdo Sound; glaciers form ice shelves along about half of the coastline, and floating ice shelves constitute 11% of the area of the continent" );; line 3994 (wfb::source-text natural-resource antarctica "none presently exploited; iron ore, chromium, copper, gold, nickel, platinum and other minerals, and coal and hydrocarbons have been found in small, uncommercial quantities" );; line 4003 (wfb::source-text land_use antarctica arable_land "0%" );; line 4010 (wfb::source-text land_use antarctica permanent_crops "0%" );; line 4012 (wfb::source-text land_use antarctica meadows_and_pastures "0%" );; line 4014 (wfb::source-text land_use antarctica forest_and_woodland "0%" );; line 4016 (wfb::source-text land_use antarctica other "100% (ice 98%, barren rock 2%)" );; line 4018 (wfb::source-text irrigated_land antarctica "0 sq km" );; line 4022 (wfb::source-text environment antarctica current_issues "in October 1991 it was reported that the ozone shield, which protects the Earth's surface from harmful ultraviolet radiation, had dwindled to the lowest level recorded over Antarctica since 1975 when measurements were first taken" );; line 4027 (wfb::source-text environment antarctica natural_hazards "katabatic (gravity-driven) winds blow coastward from the high interior; frequent blizzards form near the foot of the plateau; cyclonic storms form over the ocean and move clockwise along the coast; volcanism on Deception Island and isolated areas of West Antarctica; other seismic activity rare and weak" );; line 4032 (wfb::source-text environment antarctica international_agreements "NA" );; line 4038 (wfb::source-text note antarctica "the coldest, windiest, highest, and driest continent; during summer more solar radiation reaches the surface at the South Pole than is received at the Equator in an equivalent period; mostly uninhabitable" );; line 4042 (wfb::source-text population antarctica "no indigenous inhabitants; note - there are seasonally staffed research stations" );; line 4050 (wfb::source-text population antarctica |Summer (January) population| "over 4,115 total; Argentina 207, Australia 268, Belgium 13, Brazil 80, Chile 256, China NA, Ecuador NA, Finland 11, France 78, Germany 32, Greenpeace 12, India 60, Italy 210, Japan 59, South Korea 14, Netherlands 10, NZ 264, Norway 23, Peru 39, Poland NA, South Africa 79, Spain 43, Sweden 10, UK 116, Uruguay NA, US 1,666, former USSR 565 (1989-90)" );; line 4053 (wfb::source-text population antarctica |Winter (July) population| "over 1,046 total; Argentina 150, Australia 71, Brazil 12, Chile 73, China NA, France 33, Germany 19, Greenpeace 5, India 1, Japan 38, South Korea 14, NZ 11, Poland NA, South Africa 12, UK 69, Uruguay NA, US 225, former USSR 313 (1989-90)" );; line 4059 (wfb::source-text population antarctica year-round_stations "42 total; Argentina 6, Australia 3, Brazil 1, Chile 3, China 2, Finland 1, France 1, Germany 1, India 1, Japan 2, South Korea 1, NZ 1, Poland 1, South Africa 3, UK 5, Uruguay 1, US 3, former USSR 6 (1990-91)" );; line 4064 (wfb::source-text population antarctica summer_only_stations "over 38 total; Argentina 7, Australia 3, Chile 5, Germany 3, India 1, Italy 1, Japan 4, NZ 2, Norway 1, Peru 1, South Africa 1, Spain 1, Sweden 2, UK 1, US numerous, former USSR 5 (1989-90); note - the disintegration of the former USSR has placed the status and future of its Antarctic facilities in doubt; stations may be subject to closings at any time because of ongoing economic difficulties" );; line 4068 (wfb::source-text names antarctica conventional_long_form "none" );; line 4079 (wfb::source-text names antarctica conventional_short_form "Antarctica" );; line 4081 (wfb::source-text digraph antarctica "AY" );; line 4085 (wfb::source-text type antarctica antarctic_treaty_summary "The Antarctic Treaty, signed on 1 December 1959 and entered into force on 23 June 1961, establishes the legal framework for the management of Antarctica. Administration is carried out through consultative member meetings - the 18th Antarctic Treaty Consultative Meeting was in Japan in April 1993. Currently, there are 42 treaty member nations: 26 consultative and 16 acceding. Consultative (voting) members include the seven nations that claim portions of Antarctica as national territory (some claims overlap) and 19 nonclaimant nations. The US and some other nations that have made no claims have reserved the right to do so. The US does not recognize the claims of others. The year in parentheses indicates when an acceding nation was voted to full consultative (voting) status, while no date indicates the country was an original 1959 treaty signatory. Claimant nations are - Argentina, Australia, Chile, France, New Zealand, Norway, and the UK. Nonclaimant consultative nations are - Belgium, Brazil (1983), China (1985), Ecuador (1990), Finland (1989), Germany (1981), India (1983), Italy (1987), Japan, South Korea (1989), Netherlands (1990), Peru (1989), Poland (1977), South Africa, Spain (1988), Sweden (1988), Uruguay (1985), the US, and Russia. Acceding (nonvoting) members, with year of accession in parentheses, are - Austria (1987), Bulgaria (1978), Canada (1988), Colombia (1988), Cuba (1984), Czech Republic (1993), Denmark (1965), Greece (1987), Guatemala (1991), Hungary (1984), North Korea (1987), Papua New Guinea (1981), Romania (1971), Slovakia (1993), Switzerland (1990), and Ukraine (1992)." );; line 4090 (wfb::source-text type antarctica article_1 "area to be used for peaceful purposes only; military activity, such as weapons testing, is prohibited, but military personnel and equipment may be used for scientific research or any other peaceful purpose" );; line 4113 (wfb::source-text type antarctica article_2 "freedom of scientific investigation and cooperation shall continue" );; line 4117 (wfb::source-text type antarctica article_3 "free exchange of information and personnel in cooperation with the UN and other international agencies" );; line 4120 (wfb::source-text type antarctica article_4 "does not recognize, dispute, or establish territorial claims and no new claims shall be asserted while the treaty is in force" );; line 4123 (wfb::source-text type antarctica article_5 "prohibits nuclear explosions or disposal of radioactive wastes" );; line 4126 (wfb::source-text type antarctica article_6 "includes under the treaty all land and ice shelves south of 60 degrees 00 minutes south" );; line 4128 (wfb::source-text type antarctica article_7 "treaty-state observers have free access, including aerial observation, to any area and may inspect all stations, installations, and equipment; advance notice of all activities and of the introduction of military personnel must be given" );; line 4131 (wfb::source-text type antarctica article_8 "allows for jurisdiction over observers and scientists by their own states" );; line 4136 (wfb::source-text type antarctica article_9 "frequent consultative meetings take place among member nations" );; line 4139 (wfb::source-text type antarctica article_10 "treaty states will discourage activities by any country in Antarctica that are contrary to the treaty" );; line 4141 (wfb::source-text type antarctica article_11 "disputes to be settled peacefully by the parties concerned or, ultimately, by the ICJ" );; line 4144 (wfb::source-text type antarctica |Articles 12, 13, 14| "deal with upholding, interpreting, and amending the treaty among involved nations" );; line 4147 (wfb::source-text type antarctica other_agreements "more than 170 recommendations adopted at treaty consultative meetings and ratified by governments include - Agreed Measures for the Conservation of Antarctic Fauna and Flora (1964); Convention for the Conservation of Antarctic Seals (1972); Convention on the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources (1980); a mineral resources agreement was signed in 1988 but was subsequently rejected; in 1991 the Protocol on Environmental Protection to the Antarctic Treaty was signed and awaits ratification; this agreement provides for the protection of the Antarctic environment through five specific annexes on marine pollution, fauna, and flora, environmental impact assessments, waste management, and protected areas; it also prohibits all activities relating to mineral resources except scientific research; 14 parties have ratified Protocol as of April 1995" );; line 4150 (wfb::source-text legal_system antarctica "US law, including certain criminal offenses by or against US nationals, such as murder, may apply to areas not under jurisdiction of other countries. Some US laws directly apply to Antarctica. For example, the Antarctic Conservation Act, 16 U.S.C. section 2401 et seq., provides civil and criminal penalties for the following activities, unless authorized by regulation of statute: The taking of native mammals or birds; the introduction of nonindigenous plants and animals; entry into specially protected or scientific areas; the discharge or disposal of pollutants; and the importation into the US of certain items from Antarctica. Violation of the Antarctic Conservation Act carries penalties of up to $10,000 in fines and 1 year in prison. The Departments of Treasury, Commerce, Transportation, and Interior share enforcement responsibilities. Public Law 95-541, the US Antarctic Conservation Act of 1978, requires expeditions from the US to Antarctica to notify, in advance, the Office of Oceans and Polar Affairs, Room 5801, Department of State, Washington, DC 20520, which reports such plans to other nations as required by the Antarctic Treaty. For more information contact Permit Office, Office of Polar Programs, National Science Foundation, Arlington, Virginia 22230 (703-306-1031)." );; line 4165 (wfb::source-text overview antarctica "No economic activity at present except for fishing off the coast and small-scale tourism, both based abroad." );; line 4186 (wfb::source-text port antarctica "none; offshore anchorage" );; line 4192 (wfb::source-text airports antarctica "42 landing facilities at different locations operated by 15 national governments party to the Treaty; one additional air facility operated by commercial (nongovernmental) tourist organization; helicopter pads at 36 of these locations; runways at 14 locations are gravel, sea ice, glacier ice, or compacted snow surface suitable for wheeled fixed-wing aircraft; no paved runways; 15 locations have snow-surface skiways limited to use by ski-equipped planes - 11 runways/skiways 1,000 to 3,000 m, 5 runways/skiways less than 1,000 m, 8 runways/skiways greater than 3,000 m, and 5 of unspecified or variable length; airports generally subject to severe restrictions and limitations resulting from extreme seasonal and geographic conditions; airports do not meet ICAO standards; advance approval from the respective governmental or non-governmental operating organization required for landing" );; line 4196 (wfb::source-text telephone_system antarctica local "NA" );; line 4213 (wfb::source-text telephone_system antarctica intercity "NA" );; line 4215 (wfb::source-text telephone_system antarctica international "NA" );; line 4217 (wfb::source-text radio antarctica broadcast_stations "AM NA, FM NA, shortwave NA" );; line 4222 (wfb::source-text radio antarctica radios "NA" );; line 4224 (wfb::source-text television antarctica broadcast_stations "NA" );; line 4229 (wfb::source-text television antarctica televisions "NA" );; line 4231 (wfb::source-text note antarctica "the Antarctic Treaty prohibits any measures of a military nature, such as the establishment of military bases and fortifications, the carrying out of military maneuvers, or the testing of any type of weapon; it permits the use of military personnel or equipment for scientific research or for any other peaceful purposes" );; line 4237 (wfb::source-text location antigua_and_barbuda "Caribbean, islands between the Caribbean Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean, east-southeast of Puerto Rico" );; line 4251 (wfb::source-text map_references antigua_and_barbuda "Central America and the Caribbean" );; line 4256 (wfb::source-text area antigua_and_barbuda total_area "440 sq km" );; line 4261 (wfb::source-text area antigua_and_barbuda land_area "440 sq km" );; line 4263 (wfb::source-text area antigua_and_barbuda comparative_area "slightly less than 2.5 times the size of Washington, DC" );; line 4265 (wfb::source-text borders antigua_and_barbuda "0 km" );; line 4271 (wfb::source-text coastline antigua_and_barbuda "153 km" );; line 4275 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims antigua_and_barbuda contiguous_zone "24 nm" );; line 4280 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims antigua_and_barbuda continental_shelf "200 nm or to the edge of the continental margin" );; line 4282 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims antigua_and_barbuda exclusive_economic_zone "200 nm" );; line 4284 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims antigua_and_barbuda territorial_sea "12 nm" );; line 4286 (wfb::source-text international_disputes antigua_and_barbuda "none" );; line 4290 (wfb::source-text climate antigua_and_barbuda "tropical marine; little seasonal temperature variation" );; line 4294 (wfb::source-text terrain antigua_and_barbuda "mostly low-lying limestone and coral islands with some higher volcanic areas" );; line 4298 (wfb::source-text natural-resource antigua_and_barbuda "negligible; pleasant climate fosters tourism" );; line 4303 (wfb::source-text land_use antigua_and_barbuda arable_land "18%" );; line 4308 (wfb::source-text land_use antigua_and_barbuda permanent_crops "0%" );; line 4310 (wfb::source-text land_use antigua_and_barbuda meadows_and_pastures "7%" );; line 4312 (wfb::source-text land_use antigua_and_barbuda forest_and_woodland "16%" );; line 4314 (wfb::source-text land_use antigua_and_barbuda other "59%" );; line 4316 (wfb::source-text irrigated_land antigua_and_barbuda "NA sq km" );; line 4320 (wfb::source-text environment antigua_and_barbuda current_issues "water management - a major concern because of limited natural fresh water resources - is further hampered by the clearing of trees to increase crop production, causing rainfall to run off quickly" );; line 4325 (wfb::source-text environment antigua_and_barbuda natural_hazards "hurricanes and tropical storms (July to October); periodic droughts" );; line 4329 (wfb::source-text environment antigua_and_barbuda international_agreements "party to - Biodiversity, Climate Change, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Whaling" );; line 4332 (wfb::source-text population antigua_and_barbuda "65,176 (July 1995 est.)" );; line 4340 (wfb::source-text age_structure antigua_and_barbuda 0-14_years "25% (female 8,062; male 8,390)" );; line 4345 (wfb::source-text age_structure antigua_and_barbuda 15-64_years "69% (female 22,342; male 22,334)" );; line 4347 (wfb::source-text age_structure antigua_and_barbuda 65_years_and_over "6% (female 2,231; male 1,817) (July 1995 est.)" );; line 4349 (wfb::source-text population_growth_rate antigua_and_barbuda "0.68% (1995 est.)" );; line 4353 (wfb::source-text birth_rate antigua_and_barbuda "17.08 births/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 4357 (wfb::source-text death_rate antigua_and_barbuda "5.35 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 4361 (wfb::source-text net_migration_rate antigua_and_barbuda "-4.91 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 4365 (wfb::source-text infant_mortality_rate antigua_and_barbuda "17.8 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.)" );; line 4369 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth antigua_and_barbuda total_population "73.4 years" );; line 4374 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth antigua_and_barbuda male "71.32 years" );; line 4376 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth antigua_and_barbuda female "75.57 years (1995 est.)" );; line 4378 (wfb::source-text total_fertility_rate antigua_and_barbuda "1.68 children born/woman (1995 est.)" );; line 4382 (wfb::source-text nationality antigua_and_barbuda noun "Antiguan(s), Barbudan(s)" );; line 4387 (wfb::source-text nationality antigua_and_barbuda adjective "Antiguan, Barbudan" );; line 4389 (wfb::source-text ethnic-entity antigua_and_barbuda "black African, British, Portuguese, Lebanese, Syrian" );; line 4393 (wfb::source-text religion antigua_and_barbuda "Anglican (predominant), other Protestant sects, some Roman Catholic" );; line 4397 (wfb::source-text language antigua_and_barbuda "English (official), local dialects" );; line 4402 (wfb::source-text literacy antigua_and_barbuda "age 15 and over has completed five or more years of schooling (1960)" );; line 4406 (wfb::source-text literacy antigua_and_barbuda total_population "89%" );; line 4409 (wfb::source-text literacy antigua_and_barbuda male "90%" );; line 4411 (wfb::source-text literacy antigua_and_barbuda female "88%" );; line 4413 (wfb::source-text total_labor_force antigua_and_barbuda "30,000" );; line 4417 (wfb::source-text labor_force_by_occupation antigua_and_barbuda by_occupation "commerce and services 82%, agriculture 11%, industry 7% (1983)" );; line 4419 (wfb::source-text names antigua_and_barbuda conventional_long_form "none" );; line 4425 (wfb::source-text names antigua_and_barbuda conventional_short_form "Antigua and Barbuda" );; line 4427 (wfb::source-text digraph antigua_and_barbuda "AC" );; line 4431 (wfb::source-text type antigua_and_barbuda "parliamentary democracy" );; line 4435 (wfb::source-text capital antigua_and_barbuda "Saint John's" );; line 4439 (wfb::source-text administrative_divisions antigua_and_barbuda "6 parishes and 2 dependencies*; Barbuda*, Redonda*, Saint George, Saint John, Saint Mary, Saint Paul, Saint Peter, Saint Philip" );; line 4443 (wfb::source-text independence antigua_and_barbuda "1 November 1981 (from UK)" );; line 4448 (wfb::source-text national_holiday antigua_and_barbuda "Independence Day, 1 November (1981)" );; line 4452 (wfb::source-text constitution antigua_and_barbuda "1 November 1981" );; line 4456 (wfb::source-text legal_system antigua_and_barbuda "based on English common law" );; line 4460 (wfb::source-text suffrage antigua_and_barbuda "18 years of age; universal" );; line 4464 (wfb::source-text executive_branch antigua_and_barbuda chief_of_state "Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952), represented by Governor General James B. CARLISLE (since NA 1993)" );; line 4469 (wfb::source-text executive_branch antigua_and_barbuda head_of_government "Prime Minister Lester Bryant BIRD (since 8 March 1994)" );; line 4472 (wfb::source-text executive_branch antigua_and_barbuda cabinet "Council of Ministers; appointed by the governor general on the advice of the prime minister" );; line 4474 (wfb::source-text legislative_structure antigua_and_barbuda "bicameral Parliament" );; line 4479 (wfb::source-text legislative_branch antigua_and_barbuda senate "17 member body appointed by the governor general" );; line 4481 (wfb::source-text legislative_branch antigua_and_barbuda house_of_representatives "elections last held 8 March 1994 (next to be held NA 1999); results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (17 total) ALP 11, UPP 5, independent 1" );; line 4483 (wfb::source-text judicial_branch antigua_and_barbuda "Eastern Caribbean Supreme Court" );; line 4489 (wfb::source-text political_parties_and_leaders antigua_and_barbuda "Antigua Labor Party (ALP), Lester Bryant BIRD; United Progressive Party (UPP), Baldwin SPENCER" );; line 4493 (wfb::source-text other_political_or_pressure_groups antigua_and_barbuda "United Progressive Party (UPP), headed by Baldwin SPENCER, a coalition of three opposition political parties - the United National Democratic Party (UNDP); the Antigua Caribbean Liberation Movement (ACLM); and the Progressive Labor Movement (PLM); Antigua Trades and Labor Union (ATLU), headed by William ROBINSON" );; line 4498 (wfb::source-text member_of antigua_and_barbuda "ACP, C, CARICOM, CDB, ECLAC, FAO, G-77, GATT, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS (associate), ILO, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT (nonsignatory user), INTERPOL, IOC, ISO (subscriber), ITU, NAM (observer), OAS, OECS, OPANAL, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WMO" );; line 4506 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us antigua_and_barbuda chief_of_mission "Ambassador Patrick Albert LEWIS" );; line 4514 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us antigua_and_barbuda chancery "3216 New Mexico Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20016" );; line 4516 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us antigua_and_barbuda telephone "[1] (202) 362-5211, 5166, 5122" );; line 4518 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us antigua_and_barbuda fax "[1] (202) 362-5225" );; line 4520 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us antigua_and_barbuda |consulate(s) general| "Miami" );; line 4522 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation antigua_and_barbuda "the post was closed 30 June 1994; the US Ambassador to Barbados is accredited to Antigua and Barbuda" );; line 4526 (wfb::source-text flag antigua_and_barbuda "red with an inverted isosceles triangle based on the top edge of the flag; the triangle contains three horizontal bands of black (top), light blue, and white with a yellow rising sun in the black band" );; line 4531 (wfb::source-text overview antigua_and_barbuda "The economy is primarily service oriented, with tourism the most important determinant of economic performance. In 1993, tourism made a direct contribution to GDP of about 17%, and also spurred growth in other sectors such as construction and transport. While only accounting for roughly 5% of GDP in 1993, agricultural production increased by 4%. Tourist arrivals remained strong in 1994." );; line 4538 (wfb::source-text national_product antigua_and_barbuda "GDP - purchasing power parity - $400 million (1993 est.)" );; line 4546 (wfb::source-text national_product_real_growth_rate antigua_and_barbuda "3.4% (1993)" );; line 4550 (wfb::source-text national_product_per_capita antigua_and_barbuda "$6,000 (1993 est.)" );; line 4554 (wfb::source-text |Inflation rate (consumer prices)| antigua_and_barbuda "7% (1993)" );; line 4558 (wfb::source-text unemployment_rate antigua_and_barbuda "6% (1992 est.)" );; line 4562 (wfb::source-text budget antigua_and_barbuda revenues "$105 million" );; line 4567 (wfb::source-text budget antigua_and_barbuda expenditures "$161 million, including capital expenditures of $56 million (1992)" );; line 4569 (wfb::source-text exports antigua_and_barbuda "$54.7 million (f.o.b., 1992)" );; line 4574 (wfb::source-text exports antigua_and_barbuda commodities "petroleum products 48%, manufactures 23%, food and live animals 4%, machinery and transport equipment 17%" );; line 4576 (wfb::source-text exports antigua_and_barbuda partners "OECS 26%, Barbados 15%, Guyana 4%, Trinidad and Tobago 2%, US 0.3%" );; line 4579 (wfb::source-text imports antigua_and_barbuda "$260.9 million (f.o.b., 1992)" );; line 4584 (wfb::source-text imports antigua_and_barbuda commodities "food and live animals, machinery and transport equipment, manufactures, chemicals, oil" );; line 4586 (wfb::source-text imports antigua_and_barbuda partners "US 27%, UK 16%, Canada 4%, OECS 3%, other 50%" );; line 4589 (wfb::source-text external_debt antigua_and_barbuda "$250 million (1990 est.)" );; line 4593 (wfb::source-text industrial_production antigua_and_barbuda "growth rate -4.9% (1993 est.); accounts for 6.5% of GDP" );; line 4597 (wfb::source-text electricity antigua_and_barbuda capacity "52,100 kW" );; line 4602 (wfb::source-text electricity antigua_and_barbuda production "95 million kWh" );; line 4604 (wfb::source-text electricity antigua_and_barbuda consumption_per_capita "1,242 kWh (1993)" );; line 4606 (wfb::source-text industry antigua_and_barbuda "tourism, construction, light manufacturing (clothing, alcohol, household appliances)" );; line 4610 (wfb::source-text agriculture antigua_and_barbuda "accounts for 5% of GDP; expanding output of cotton, fruits, vegetables, and livestock; other crops - bananas, coconuts, cucumbers, mangoes, sugarcane; not self-sufficient in food" );; line 4615 (wfb::source-text illicit_drugs antigua_and_barbuda "a long-time but relatively minor transshipment point for narcotics bound for the US and Europe and recent transshipment point for heroin from Europe to the US; more significant as a drug money laundering center" );; line 4621 (wfb::source-text economic_aid antigua_and_barbuda recipient "US commitments (1985-88), $10 million; Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-89), $50 million" );; line 4628 (wfb::source-text currency antigua_and_barbuda "1 EC dollar (EC$) = 100 cents" );; line 4633 (wfb::source-text exchange_rates antigua_and_barbuda "East Caribbean dollars (EC$) per US$1 - 2.70 (fixed rate since 1976)" );; line 4637 (wfb::source-text fiscal_year antigua_and_barbuda "1 April - 31 March" );; line 4642 (wfb::source-text railroads antigua_and_barbuda total "77 km" );; line 4648 (wfb::source-text railroads antigua_and_barbuda narrow_gauge "64 km 0.760-m gauge; 13 km 0.610-m gauge (used almost exclusively for handling sugar cane)" );; line 4650 (wfb::source-text highways antigua_and_barbuda total "240 km" );; line 4656 (wfb::source-text highways antigua_and_barbuda paved "NA" );; line 4658 (wfb::source-text highways antigua_and_barbuda unpaved "NA" );; line 4660 (wfb::source-text port antigua_and_barbuda "Saint John's" );; line 4664 (wfb::source-text merchant_marine antigua_and_barbuda total "304 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 1,188,113 GRT/1,651,190 DWT" );; line 4669 (wfb::source-text merchant_marine antigua_and_barbuda ships_by_type "bulk 7, cargo 216, chemical tanker 8, container 48, liquefied gas tanker 3, oil tanker 1, refrigerated cargo 10, roll-on/roll-off cargo 11" );; line 4672 (wfb::source-text airports antigua_and_barbuda total "3" );; line 4680 (wfb::source-text airports antigua_and_barbuda |with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m| "1" );; line 4682 (wfb::source-text airports antigua_and_barbuda with_paved_runways_under_914_m "2" );; line 4684 (wfb::source-text telephone_system antigua_and_barbuda "6,700 telephones; good automatic telephone system" );; line 4689 (wfb::source-text telephone_system antigua_and_barbuda local "NA" );; line 4691 (wfb::source-text telephone_system antigua_and_barbuda intercity "NA" );; line 4693 (wfb::source-text telephone_system antigua_and_barbuda international "1 coaxial submarine cable; 1 INTELSAT (Atlantic Ocean) earth station; tropospheric scatter links with Saba and Guadeloupe" );; line 4695 (wfb::source-text radio antigua_and_barbuda broadcast_stations "AM 4, FM 2, shortwave 2" );; line 4701 (wfb::source-text radio antigua_and_barbuda radios "NA" );; line 4703 (wfb::source-text television antigua_and_barbuda broadcast_stations "2" );; line 4708 (wfb::source-text television antigua_and_barbuda televisions "NA" );; line 4710 (wfb::source-text defense_branch antigua_and_barbuda "Royal Antigua and Barbuda Defense Force, Royal Antigua and Barbuda Police Force (includes the Coast Guard)" );; line 4716 (wfb::source-text defense_expenditures antigua_and_barbuda "exchange rate conversion - $1.4 million, 1% of GDP (FY90/91)" );; line 4721 (wfb::source-text location arctic_ocean "body of water mostly north of the Arctic Circle" );; line 4731 (wfb::source-text map_references arctic_ocean "Arctic Region" );; line 4735 (wfb::source-text area arctic_ocean total_area "14.056 million sq km" );; line 4740 (wfb::source-text area arctic_ocean comparative_area "slightly more than 1.5 times the size of the US; smallest of the world's four oceans (after Pacific Ocean, Atlantic Ocean, and Indian Ocean)" );; line 4742 (wfb::source-text coastline arctic_ocean "45,389 km" );; line 4751 (wfb::source-text international_disputes arctic_ocean "some maritime disputes (see littoral states); Svalbard is the focus of a maritime boundary dispute between Norway and Russia" );; line 4755 (wfb::source-text climate arctic_ocean "polar climate characterized by persistent cold and relatively narrow annual temperature ranges; winters characterized by continuous darkness, cold and stable weather conditions, and clear skies; summers characterized by continuous daylight, damp and foggy weather, and weak cyclones with rain or snow" );; line 4760 (wfb::source-text terrain arctic_ocean "central surface covered by a perennial drifting polar icepack that averages about 3 meters in thickness, although pressure ridges may be three times that size; clockwise drift pattern in the Beaufort Gyral Stream, but nearly straight line movement from the New Siberian Islands (Russia) to Denmark Strait (between Greenland and Iceland); the ice pack is surrounded by open seas during the summer, but more than doubles in size during the winter and extends to the encircling land masses; the ocean floor is about 50% continental shelf (highest percentage of any ocean) with the remainder a central basin interrupted by three submarine ridges (Alpha Cordillera, Nansen Cordillera, and Lomonsov Ridge); maximum depth is 4,665 meters in the Fram Basin" );; line 4768 (wfb::source-text natural-resource arctic_ocean "sand and gravel aggregates, placer deposits, polymetallic nodules, oil and gas fields, fish, marine mammals (seals and whales)" );; line 4781 (wfb::source-text environment arctic_ocean current_issues "endangered marine species include walruses and whales; fragile ecosystem slow to change and slow to recover from disruptions or damage" );; line 4787 (wfb::source-text environment arctic_ocean natural_hazards "ice islands occasionally break away from northern Ellesmere Island; icebergs calved from glaciers in western Greenland and extreme northeastern Canada; permafrost in islands; virtually icelocked from October to June; ships subject to superstructure icing from October to May" );; line 4790 (wfb::source-text environment arctic_ocean international_agreements "NA" );; line 4795 (wfb::source-text note arctic_ocean "major chokepoint is the southern Chukchi Sea (northern access to the Pacific Ocean via the Bering Strait); strategic location between North America and Russia; shortest marine link between the extremes of eastern and western Russia, floating research stations operated by the US and Russia; maximum snow cover in March or April about 20 to 50 centimeters over the frozen ocean and lasts about 10 months" );; line 4799 (wfb::source-text digraph arctic_ocean "XQ" );; line 4814 (wfb::source-text overview arctic_ocean "Economic activity is limited to the exploitation of natural resources, including petroleum, natural gas, fish, and seals." );; line 4819 (wfb::source-text port arctic_ocean "Churchill (Canada), Murmansk (Russia), Prudhoe Bay (US)" );; line 4825 (wfb::source-text note arctic_ocean "sparse network of air, ocean, river, and land routes; the Northwest Passage (North America) and Northern Sea Route (Eurasia) are important seasonal waterways" );; line 4829 (wfb::source-text telephone_system arctic_ocean international "no submarine cables" );; line 4837 (wfb::source-text location argentina "Southern South America, bordering the South Atlantic Ocean, between Chile and Uruguay" );; line 4846 (wfb::source-text map_references argentina "South America" );; line 4851 (wfb::source-text area argentina total_area "2,766,890 sq km" );; line 4856 (wfb::source-text area argentina land_area "2,736,690 sq km" );; line 4858 (wfb::source-text area argentina comparative_area "slightly less than three-tenths the size of the US" );; line 4860 (wfb::source-text borders argentina "total 9,665 km, Bolivia 832 km, Brazil 1,224 km, Chile 5,150 km, Paraguay 1,880 km, Uruguay 579 km" );; line 4864 (wfb::source-text coastline argentina "4,989 km" );; line 4869 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims argentina contiguous_zone "24 nm" );; line 4874 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims argentina continental_shelf "200 nm or to the edge of the continental margin" );; line 4876 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims argentina exclusive_economic_zone "200 nm" );; line 4878 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims argentina territorial_sea "12 nm" );; line 4880 (wfb::source-text international_disputes argentina "short section of the boundary with Uruguay is in dispute; short section of the boundary with Chile is indefinite; claims British-administered Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas); claims British-administered South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands; territorial claim in Antarctica" );; line 4884 (wfb::source-text climate argentina "mostly temperate; arid in southeast; subantarctic in southwest" );; line 4891 (wfb::source-text terrain argentina "rich plains of the Pampas in northern half, flat to rolling plateau of Patagonia in south, rugged Andes along western border" );; line 4895 (wfb::source-text natural-resource argentina "fertile plains of the pampas, lead, zinc, tin, copper, iron ore, manganese, petroleum, uranium" );; line 4900 (wfb::source-text land_use argentina arable_land "9%" );; line 4906 (wfb::source-text land_use argentina permanent_crops "4%" );; line 4908 (wfb::source-text land_use argentina meadows_and_pastures "52%" );; line 4910 (wfb::source-text land_use argentina forest_and_woodland "22%" );; line 4912 (wfb::source-text land_use argentina other "13%" );; line 4914 (wfb::source-text irrigated_land argentina "17,600 sq km (1989 est.)" );; line 4918 (wfb::source-text environment argentina current_issues "erosion results from inadequate flood controls and improper land use practices; irrigated soil degradation; desertification; air pollution in Buenos Aires and other major cites; water pollution in urban areas; rivers becoming polluted due to increased pesticide and fertilizer use" );; line 4923 (wfb::source-text environment argentina natural_hazards "Tucuman and Mendoza areas in the Andes subject to earthquakes; pamperos are violent windstorms that can strike the Pampas and northeast; heavy flooding" );; line 4928 (wfb::source-text environment argentina international_agreements "party to - Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Marine Dumping, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands, Whaling; signed, but not ratified - Desertification, Law of the Sea, Marine Life Conservation" );; line 4932 (wfb::source-text note argentina "second-largest country in South America (after Brazil); strategic location relative to sea lanes between South Atlantic and South Pacific Oceans (Strait of Magellan, Beagle Channel, Drake Passage)" );; line 4940 (wfb::source-text population argentina "34,292,742 (July 1995 est.)" );; line 4948 (wfb::source-text age_structure argentina 0-14_years "28% (female 4,706,793; male 4,903,589)" );; line 4953 (wfb::source-text age_structure argentina 15-64_years "62% (female 10,680,074; male 10,689,728)" );; line 4955 (wfb::source-text age_structure argentina 65_years_and_over "10% (female 1,922,552; male 1,390,006) (July 1995 est.)" );; line 4957 (wfb::source-text population_growth_rate argentina "1.11% (1995 est.)" );; line 4961 (wfb::source-text birth_rate argentina "19.51 births/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 4965 (wfb::source-text death_rate argentina "8.62 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 4969 (wfb::source-text net_migration_rate argentina "0.19 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 4973 (wfb::source-text infant_mortality_rate argentina "28.8 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.)" );; line 4977 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth argentina total_population "71.51 years" );; line 4982 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth argentina male "68.22 years" );; line 4984 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth argentina female "74.97 years (1995 est.)" );; line 4986 (wfb::source-text total_fertility_rate argentina "2.65 children born/woman (1995 est.)" );; line 4990 (wfb::source-text nationality argentina noun "Argentine(s)" );; line 4995 (wfb::source-text nationality argentina adjective "Argentine" );; line 4997 (wfb::source-text ethnic-entity argentina "white 85%, mestizo, Indian, or other nonwhite groups 15%" );; line 5001 (wfb::source-text religion argentina "nominally Roman Catholic 90% (less than 20% practicing), Protestant 2%, Jewish 2%, other 6%" );; line 5005 (wfb::source-text language argentina "Spanish (official), English, Italian, German, French" );; line 5010 (wfb::source-text literacy argentina "age 15 and over can read and write (1990 est.)" );; line 5014 (wfb::source-text literacy argentina total_population "95%" );; line 5016 (wfb::source-text literacy argentina male "96%" );; line 5018 (wfb::source-text literacy argentina female "95%" );; line 5020 (wfb::source-text total_labor_force argentina "10.9 million" );; line 5024 (wfb::source-text labor_force_by_occupation argentina by_occupation "agriculture 12%, industry 31%, services 57% (1985 est.)" );; line 5026 (wfb::source-text names argentina conventional_long_form "Argentine Republic" );; line 5032 (wfb::source-text names argentina conventional_short_form "Argentina" );; line 5034 (wfb::source-text names argentina local_long_form "Republica Argentina" );; line 5036 (wfb::source-text names argentina local_short_form "Argentina" );; line 5038 (wfb::source-text digraph argentina "AR" );; line 5042 (wfb::source-text type argentina "republic" );; line 5046 (wfb::source-text capital argentina "Buenos Aires" );; line 5050 (wfb::source-text administrative_divisions argentina "23 provinces (provincias, singular - provincia), and 1 federal district* (distrito federal); Buenos Aires; Catamarca; Chaco; Chubut; Cordoba; Corrientes; Distrito Federal*; Entre Rios; Formosa; Jujuy; La Pampa; La Rioja; Mendoza; Misiones; Neuquen; Rio Negro; Salta; San Juan; San Luis; Santa Cruz; Santa Fe; Santiago del Estero; Tierra del Fuego, Antartida e Islas del Atlantico Sur; Tucuman" );; line 5054 (wfb::source-text independence argentina "9 July 1816 (from Spain)" );; line 5066 (wfb::source-text national_holiday argentina "Revolution Day, 25 May (1810)" );; line 5070 (wfb::source-text constitution argentina "1 May 1853; revised August 1994" );; line 5074 (wfb::source-text legal_system argentina "mixture of US and West European legal systems; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction" );; line 5078 (wfb::source-text suffrage argentina "18 years of age; universal" );; line 5083 (wfb::source-text executive_branch argentina chief_of_state_and_head_of_government "President Carlos Saul MENEM (since 8 July 1989); Vice President (position vacant); election last held 14 May 1995 (next to be held NA May 1999); results - Carlos Saul MENEM was reelected" );; line 5088 (wfb::source-text executive_branch argentina cabinet "Cabinet; appointed by the president" );; line 5092 (wfb::source-text legislative_structure argentina "bicameral National Congress (Congreso Nacional)" );; line 5096 (wfb::source-text legislative_branch argentina senate "elections last held May 1989, but provincial elections in late 1991 set the stage for indirect elections by provincial senators for one-third of 48 seats in the national senate in May 1992; seats (48 total) - PJ 29, UCR 11, others 7, vacant 1" );; line 5098 (wfb::source-text legislative_branch argentina chamber_of_deputies "elections last held 3 October 1993 ( next to be held October 1995); elections are held every two years and half of the total membership is elected each time for four year terms; seats - (257 total) PJ 122, UCR 83, MODIN 7, UCD 5, other 40" );; line 5103 (wfb::source-text judicial_branch argentina "Supreme Court (Corte Suprema)" );; line 5110 (wfb::source-text political_parties_and_leaders argentina "Justicialist Party (PJ), Carlos Saul MENEM, Peronist umbrella political organization; Radical Civic Union (UCR),Raul ALFONSIN, moderately left-of-center party; Union of the Democratic Center (UCD), Jorge AGUADO, conservative party; Dignity and Independence Political Party (MODIN), Aldo RICO, right-wing party; Grand Front (Frente Grande), Carlos ALVAREZ, center-left coalition; several provincial parties" );; line 5114 (wfb::source-text other_political_or_pressure_groups argentina "Peronist-dominated labor movement; General Confederation of Labor (CGT; Peronist-leaning umbrella labor organization); Argentine Industrial Union (manufacturers' association); Argentine Rural Society (large landowners' association); business organizations; students; the Roman Catholic Church; the Armed Forces" );; line 5123 (wfb::source-text member_of argentina "AfDB, AG (observer), Australia Group, BCIE, CCC, ECLAC, FAO, G- 6, G-11, G-15, G-19, G-24, G-77, GATT, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, INMARSAT, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, LAES, LAIA, MERCOSUR, MINURSO, MTCR, NSG (observer), OAS, ONUSAL, OPANAL, PCA, RG, UN, UNAVEM II, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNFICYP, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIKOM, UNITAR, UNMIH, UNOMOZ, UNPROFOR, UNTSO, UNU, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO" );; line 5131 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us argentina chief_of_mission "Ambassador Raul Enrique GRANILLO OCAMPO" );; line 5142 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us argentina chancery "1600 New Hampshire Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20009" );; line 5144 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us argentina telephone "[1] (202) 939-6400 through 6403" );; line 5146 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us argentina |consulate(s) general| "Atlanta, Chicago, Houston, Los Angeles, Miami, New Orleans, New York, San Francisco, and San Juan (Puerto Rico)" );; line 5148 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation argentina chief_of_mission "Ambassador James R. CHEEK" );; line 5154 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation argentina embassy "4300 Colombia, 1425 Buenos Aires" );; line 5156 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation argentina mailing_address "Unit 4334; APO AA 34034" );; line 5158 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation argentina telephone "[54] (1) 777-4533, 4534" );; line 5160 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation argentina fax "[54] (1) 777-0197" );; line 5162 (wfb::source-text flag argentina "three equal horizontal bands of light blue (top), white, and light blue; centered in the white band is a radiant yellow sun with a human face known as the Sun of May" );; line 5166 (wfb::source-text overview argentina "Argentina, rich in natural resources, benefits also from a highly literate population, an export-oriented agricultural sector, and a diversified industrial base. Nevertheless, following decades of mismanagement and statist policies, the economy in the late 1980s was plagued with huge external debts and recurring bouts of hyperinflation. Elected in 1989, in the depths of recession, President MENEM has implemented a comprehensive economic restructuring program that shows signs of putting Argentina on a path of stable, sustainable growth. Argentina's currency has traded at par with the US dollar since April 1991, and inflation has fallen to its lowest level in 20 years. Argentines have responded to the relative price stability by repatriating flight capital and investing in domestic industry. The economy registered an impressive 6% advance in 1994, fueled largely by inflows of foreign capital and strong domestic consumption spending. The government's major short term objective is encouraging exports, e.g., by reducing domestic costs of production. At the start of 1995, the government had to deal with the spillover from international financial movements associated with the devaluation of the Mexican peso. In addition, unemployment had become a serious issue for the government. Despite average annual 7% growth in 1991-94, unemployment surprisingly has doubled - due mostly to layoffs in government bureaus and in privatized industrial firms and utilities and, to a lesser degree, to illegal immigration. Much remains to be done in the 1990s in dismantling the old statist barriers to growth, extending the recent economic gains, and bringing down the rate of unemployment." );; line 5173 (wfb::source-text national_product argentina "GDP - purchasing power parity - $270.8 billion (1994 est.)" );; line 5199 (wfb::source-text national_product_real_growth_rate argentina "6% (1994 est.)" );; line 5203 (wfb::source-text national_product_per_capita argentina "$7,990 (1994 est.)" );; line 5207 (wfb::source-text |Inflation rate (consumer prices)| argentina "3.9% (1994 est.)" );; line 5211 (wfb::source-text unemployment_rate argentina "12% (1994 est.)" );; line 5215 (wfb::source-text budget argentina revenues "$48.46 billion" );; line 5220 (wfb::source-text budget argentina expenditures "$46.5 billion, including capital expenditures of $3.5 billion (1994 est.)" );; line 5222 (wfb::source-text exports argentina "$15.7 billion (f.o.b., 1994 est.)" );; line 5227 (wfb::source-text exports argentina commodities "meat, wheat, corn, oilseed, manufactures" );; line 5229 (wfb::source-text exports argentina partners "US 12%, Brazil, Italy, Japan, Netherlands" );; line 5231 (wfb::source-text imports argentina "$21.4 billion (c.i.f., 1994 est.)" );; line 5235 (wfb::source-text imports argentina commodities "machinery and equipment, chemicals, metals, fuels and lubricants, agricultural products" );; line 5237 (wfb::source-text imports argentina partners "US 22%, Brazil, Germany, Bolivia, Japan, Italy, Netherlands" );; line 5240 (wfb::source-text external_debt argentina "$73 billion (April 1994)" );; line 5244 (wfb::source-text industrial_production argentina "growth rate 12.5% accounts for 31% of GDP (1994 est.)" );; line 5248 (wfb::source-text electricity argentina capacity "17,330,000 kW" );; line 5253 (wfb::source-text electricity argentina production "54.8 billion kWh" );; line 5255 (wfb::source-text electricity argentina consumption_per_capita "1,610 kWh (1993)" );; line 5257 (wfb::source-text industry argentina "food processing, motor vehicles, consumer durables, textiles, chemicals and petrochemicals, printing, metallurgy, steel" );; line 5261 (wfb::source-text agriculture argentina "accounts for 8% of GDP (including fishing); produces abundant food for both domestic consumption and exports; among world's top five exporters of grain and beef; principal crops - wheat, corn, sorghum, soybeans, sugar beets" );; line 5266 (wfb::source-text illicit_drugs argentina "increasing use as a transshipment country for cocaine headed for the US and Europe" );; line 5273 (wfb::source-text economic_aid argentina recipient "US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-89), $1 billion; Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-89), $4.4 billion; Communist countries (1970-89), $718 million" );; line 5279 (wfb::source-text currency argentina "1 nuevo peso argentino = 100 centavos" );; line 5285 (wfb::source-text exchange_rates argentina "pesos per US$1 - 0.99870 (December 1994), 0.99901 (1994), 0.99895 (1993), 0.99064 (1992), 0.95355 (1991), 0.48759 (1990)" );; line 5289 (wfb::source-text fiscal_year argentina "calendar year" );; line 5294 (wfb::source-text railroads argentina total "34,572 km" );; line 5300 (wfb::source-text railroads argentina broad_gauge "NA km 1.676-m gauge" );; line 5302 (wfb::source-text railroads argentina standard_gauge "NA km 1.435-m" );; line 5304 (wfb::source-text railroads argentina narrow_gauge "400 km 0.750-m gauge; NA km 1.000-m gauge (209 km electrified)" );; line 5306 (wfb::source-text highways argentina total "208,350 km" );; line 5311 (wfb::source-text highways argentina paved "57,000 km" );; line 5313 (wfb::source-text highways argentina unpaved "gravel 39,500 km; improved/unimproved earth 111,850 km" );; line 5315 (wfb::source-text inland_waterways argentina "11,000 km navigable" );; line 5319 (wfb::source-text pipelines argentina "crude oil 4,090 km; petroleum products 2,900 km; natural gas 9,918 km" );; line 5323 (wfb::source-text port argentina "Bahia Blanca, Buenos Aires, Comodoro Rivadavia, Concepcion del Uruguay, La Plata, Mar del Plata, Necochea, Rio Gallegos, Rosario, Santa Fe, Ushuaia" );; line 5328 (wfb::source-text merchant_marine argentina total "44 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 434,525 GRT/667,501 DWT" );; line 5335 (wfb::source-text merchant_marine argentina ships_by_type "bulk 3, cargo 21, chemical tanker 1, container 4, oil tanker 8, railcar carrier 1, refrigerated cargo 5, roll-on/roll-off cargo 1" );; line 5337 (wfb::source-text airports argentina total "1,602" );; line 5343 (wfb::source-text airports argentina |with paved runways over 3,047 m| "5" );; line 5345 (wfb::source-text airports argentina |with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m| "25" );; line 5347 (wfb::source-text airports argentina |with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m| "55" );; line 5349 (wfb::source-text airports argentina |with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m| "48" );; line 5351 (wfb::source-text airports argentina with_paved_runways_under_914_m "703" );; line 5353 (wfb::source-text airports argentina |with unpaved runways over 3,047 m| "2" );; line 5355 (wfb::source-text airports argentina |with unpaved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m| "1" );; line 5357 (wfb::source-text airports argentina |with unpaved runways 1,524 to 2,438 m| "70" );; line 5359 (wfb::source-text airports argentina |with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m| "693" );; line 5361 (wfb::source-text telephone_system argentina "2,650,000 telephones; 12,000 public telephones; 78 telephones/1,000 persons; extensive modern system but many families do not have telephones; microwave widely used; however, during rainstorms, the telephone system frequently grounds out, even in Buenos Aires" );; line 5366 (wfb::source-text telephone_system argentina local "NA" );; line 5371 (wfb::source-text telephone_system argentina intercity "microwave radio relay and domestic satellite network with 40 earth stations" );; line 5373 (wfb::source-text telephone_system argentina international "2 INTELSAT (Atlantic Ocean) earth stations" );; line 5376 (wfb::source-text radio argentina broadcast_stations "AM 171, FM 0, shortwave 13" );; line 5381 (wfb::source-text radio argentina radios "NA" );; line 5383 (wfb::source-text television argentina broadcast_stations "231" );; line 5388 (wfb::source-text television argentina televisions "NA" );; line 5390 (wfb::source-text defense_branch argentina "Argentine Army, Navy of the Argentine Republic, Argentine Air Force, National Gendarmerie, Argentine Naval Prefecture (Coast Guard only), National Aeronautical Police Force" );; line 5396 (wfb::source-text manpower_availability argentina "males age 15-49 8,573,780; males fit for military service 6,954,584; males reach military age (20) annually 301,166 (1995 est.)" );; line 5402 (wfb::source-text defense_expenditures argentina "$NA, NA% of GDP" );; line 5407 (wfb::source-text location armenia "Southwestern Asia, east of Turkey" );; line 5417 (wfb::source-text map_references armenia "Commonwealth of Independent States - European States" );; line 5421 (wfb::source-text area armenia total_area "29,800 sq km" );; line 5426 (wfb::source-text area armenia land_area "28,400 sq km" );; line 5428 (wfb::source-text area armenia comparative_area "slightly larger than Maryland" );; line 5430 (wfb::source-text borders armenia "total 1,254 km, Azerbaijan (east) 566 km, Azerbaijan (south) 221 km, Georgia 164 km, Iran 35 km, Turkey 268 km" );; line 5434 (wfb::source-text coastline armenia "0 km (landlocked)" );; line 5439 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims armenia "none; landlocked" );; line 5443 (wfb::source-text international_disputes armenia "supports ethnic Armenians in Nagorno-Karabakh in their separatist conflict against the Azerbaijani government; traditional demands on former Armenian lands in Turkey have subsided" );; line 5447 (wfb::source-text climate armenia "highland continental, hot summers, cold winters" );; line 5453 (wfb::source-text terrain armenia "high Armenian Plateau with mountains; little forest land; fast flowing rivers; good soil in Aras River valley" );; line 5457 (wfb::source-text natural-resource armenia "small deposits of gold, copper, molybdenum, zinc, alumina" );; line 5462 (wfb::source-text land_use armenia arable_land "17%" );; line 5467 (wfb::source-text land_use armenia permanent_crops "3%" );; line 5469 (wfb::source-text land_use armenia meadows_and_pastures "20%" );; line 5471 (wfb::source-text land_use armenia forest_and_woodland "0%" );; line 5473 (wfb::source-text land_use armenia other "60%" );; line 5475 (wfb::source-text irrigated_land armenia "3,050 sq km (1990)" );; line 5479 (wfb::source-text environment armenia current_issues "soil pollution from toxic chemicals such as DDT; energy blockade, the result of conflict with Azerbaijan, has led to deforestation as citizens scavenge for firewood; pollution of Hrazdan (Razdan) and Aras Rivers; the draining of Sevana Lich, a result of its use as a source for hydropower, threatens drinking water supplies" );; line 5484 (wfb::source-text environment armenia natural_hazards "occasionally severe earthquakes; droughts" );; line 5490 (wfb::source-text environment armenia international_agreements "party to - Biodiversity, Climate Change, Nuclear Test Ban, Wetlands; signed, but not ratified - Desertification" );; line 5492 (wfb::source-text note armenia "landlocked" );; line 5497 (wfb::source-text population armenia "3,557,284 (July 1995 est.)" );; line 5503 (wfb::source-text age_structure armenia 0-14_years "31% (female 542,664; male 570,998)" );; line 5508 (wfb::source-text age_structure armenia 15-64_years "61% (female 1,103,171; male 1,076,226)" );; line 5510 (wfb::source-text age_structure armenia 65_years_and_over "8% (female 154,784; male 109,441) (July 1995 est.)" );; line 5512 (wfb::source-text population_growth_rate armenia "0.94% (1995 est.)" );; line 5516 (wfb::source-text birth_rate armenia "22.79 births/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 5520 (wfb::source-text death_rate armenia "6.66 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 5524 (wfb::source-text net_migration_rate armenia "-6.68 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 5528 (wfb::source-text infant_mortality_rate armenia "26 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.)" );; line 5532 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth armenia total_population "72.36 years" );; line 5537 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth armenia male "68.94 years" );; line 5539 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth armenia female "75.95 years (1995 est.)" );; line 5541 (wfb::source-text total_fertility_rate armenia "3.06 children born/woman (1995 est.)" );; line 5545 (wfb::source-text nationality armenia noun "Armenian(s)" );; line 5550 (wfb::source-text nationality armenia adjective "Armenian" );; line 5552 (wfb::source-text ethnic-entity armenia "Armenian 93%, Azeri 3%, Russian 2%, other (mostly Yezidi Kurds) 2% (1989)" );; line 5556 (wfb::source-text religion armenia "Armenian Orthodox 94%" );; line 5563 (wfb::source-text language armenia "Armenian 96%, Russian 2%, other 2%" );; line 5567 (wfb::source-text literacy armenia "age 15 and over can read and write (1989)" );; line 5571 (wfb::source-text literacy armenia total_population "99%" );; line 5573 (wfb::source-text literacy armenia male "99%" );; line 5575 (wfb::source-text literacy armenia female "98%" );; line 5577 (wfb::source-text total_labor_force armenia "1.578 million" );; line 5581 (wfb::source-text labor_force_by_occupation armenia by_occupation "industry and construction 34%, agriculture and forestry 31%, other 35% (1992)" );; line 5583 (wfb::source-text names armenia conventional_long_form "Republic of Armenia" );; line 5590 (wfb::source-text names armenia conventional_short_form "Armenia" );; line 5592 (wfb::source-text names armenia local_long_form "Hayastani Hanrapetut'yun" );; line 5594 (wfb::source-text names armenia local_short_form "Hayastan" );; line 5596 (wfb::source-text names armenia former "Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic; Armenian Republic" );; line 5598 (wfb::source-text digraph armenia "AM" );; line 5602 (wfb::source-text type armenia "republic" );; line 5606 (wfb::source-text capital armenia "Yerevan" );; line 5610 (wfb::source-text administrative_divisions armenia "37 regions (shrjanner, singular - shrjan) and 23 cities* (kaghakner, singular - kaghak); Abovyan*, Akhuryani Shrjan, Alaverdi*, Amasiayi Shrjan, Anii Shrjan, Aparani Shrjan, Aragatsi Shrjan, Ararat*, Ararati Shrjan, Armaviri Shrjan, Artashat*, Artashati Shrjan, Art'ik*, Art'iki Shrjan, Ashots'k'i Shrjan, Ashtarak*, Ashtaraki Shrjan, Baghramyani Shrjan, Ch'arents'avan*, Dilijan*, Ejmiatsin*, Ejmiatsni Shrjan, Goris*, Gorisi Shrjan, Gugark'i Shrjan, Gyumri*, Hoktemberyan*, Hrazdan*, Hrazdani Shrjan, Ijevan*, Ijevani Shrjan, Jermuk*, Kamo*, Kamoyi Shrjan, Kapan*, Kapani Shrjan, Kotayk'i Shrjan, Krasnoselski Shrjan, Martunu Shrjan, Masisi Shrjan, Meghru Shrjan, Metsamor*, Nairii Shrjan, Noyemberyani Shrjan, Sevan*, Sevani Shrjan, Sisiani Shrjan, Spitak*, Spitaki Shrjan, Step'anavan*, Step'anavani Shrjan, T'alini Shrjan, Tashiri Shrjan, Taushi Shrjan, T'umanyani Shrjan, Vanadzor*, Vardenisi Shrjan, Vayk'i Shrjan, Yeghegnadzori Shrjan, Yerevan*" );; line 5614 (wfb::source-text independence armenia "28 May 1918 (First Armenian Republic); 23 September 1991 (from Soviet Union)" );; line 5630 (wfb::source-text national_holiday armenia "Referendum Day, 21 September" );; line 5635 (wfb::source-text constitution armenia "adopted NA April 1978; referendum on new constitution to be held 5 July 1995" );; line 5639 (wfb::source-text legal_system armenia "based on civil law system" );; line 5644 (wfb::source-text suffrage armenia "18 years of age; universal" );; line 5648 (wfb::source-text executive_branch armenia chief_of_state "President Levon Akopovich TER-PETROSYAN (since October 1991) election last held 16 October 1991 (next to be held NA 1996); results - Levon Akopovich TER-PETROSYAN 86%; radical nationalists about 7%; note - Levon Akopovich TER-PETROSYAN was elected Chairman of the Armenian Supreme Soviet 4 August 1990 before becoming president" );; line 5653 (wfb::source-text executive_branch armenia head_of_government "Prime Minister Hrant BAGRATYAN (since 16 February 1993); First Deputy Prime Minister Vigen CHITECHYAN (since 16 February 1993)" );; line 5659 (wfb::source-text executive_branch armenia cabinet "Council of Ministers; appointed by the president" );; line 5662 (wfb::source-text legislative_structure armenia "unicameral" );; line 5666 (wfb::source-text legislative_branch armenia supreme_soviet "elections last held 20 May 1990 (next to be held 5 July 1995); results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (260 total) non-aligned 136, ANM 52, DPA 17, Democratic Liberal Party 17, ARF 12, NDU 9, Christian Democratic Party 1, Constitutional Rights Union 1, ONS 1, Republican Party 1, Nagorno-Karabakh representatives 13" );; line 5668 (wfb::source-text judicial_branch armenia "Supreme Court" );; line 5676 (wfb::source-text political_parties_and_leaders armenia "Armenian National Movement (ANM), Ter-Husik LAZARYAN, chairman; National Democratic Union (NDU), David VARTANYAN, chairman; Armenian Revolutionary Federation (ARF, Dashnaktsutyun); note - banned until reorganized; Democratic Party of Armenia (DPA; Communist Party), Aram SARKISYAN, chairman; Christian Democratic Party, Azat ARSHAKYAN, chairman; Greens Party, Hakob SANASARIAN, chairman; Democratic Liberal Party, Rouben MIRZAKHANYAN, chairman; Republican Party, Ashot NAVARSARDYAN, chairman; Union for Self-Determination (ONS), Paruir AIRIKYAN, chairman" );; line 5680 (wfb::source-text member_of armenia "BSEC, CCC, CIS, EBRD, ECE, ESCAP, FAO, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFAD, ILO, IMF, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, IOM, ITU, NACC, NAM (observer), OSCE, PFP, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO" );; line 5691 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us armenia chief_of_mission "Ambassador Ruben SHUGARIAN" );; line 5698 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us armenia chancery "Suite 210, 1660 L Street NW, Washington, DC 20036" );; line 5700 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us armenia telephone "[1] (202) 628-5766" );; line 5702 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us armenia fax "[1] (202) 628-5769" );; line 5704 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation armenia chief_of_mission "Ambassador Harry J. GILMORE" );; line 5709 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation armenia embassy "18 Gen Bagramian, Yerevan" );; line 5711 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation armenia mailing_address "use embassy street address" );; line 5713 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation armenia telephone "[7] (8852) 151-144, 524-661" );; line 5715 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation armenia fax "[7] (8852) 151-138" );; line 5717 (wfb::source-text flag armenia "three equal horizontal bands of red (top), blue, and gold" );; line 5721 (wfb::source-text overview armenia "Under the old Soviet central planning system, Armenia had developed a more modern industrial sector, supplying machine building equipment, textiles, and other manufactured goods to sister republics in exchange for raw materials and energy resources. Armenia is a large food importer and its mineral deposits (gold, bauxite) are small. The economic decline in recent years (1991-94) has been particularly severe due to the ongoing conflict over the ethnic Armenian-dominated region of Nagorno-Karabakh in Azerbaijan. Azerbaijan and Turkey have blockaded pipeline and railroad traffic to Armenia for its support of the Karabakh Armenians. This has left Armenia with chronic energy shortages because of a lack of capacity and frequent disruptions of natural gas deliveries through unstable Georgia, as well as difficulties in obtaining other types of fuel. In addition, bread is strictly rationed and there are shortages of other goods. In 1994, the economy seemed to bottom out. The government has managed to increase its financial and budgetary discipline, bringing inflation down from around 40% per month in first half 1994 to single digits in second half 1994 and the first quarter of 1995. A full economic recovery cannot be expected until the conflict is settled and the blockade lifted." );; line 5726 (wfb::source-text national_product armenia "GDP - purchasing power parity - $8.1 billion (1994 estimate as extrapolated from World Bank estimate for 1992)" );; line 5747 (wfb::source-text national_product_real_growth_rate armenia "-2% (1994 est.)" );; line 5752 (wfb::source-text national_product_per_capita armenia "$2,290 (1994 est.)" );; line 5756 (wfb::source-text |Inflation rate (consumer prices)| armenia "27% per month average (1994 est.)" );; line 5760 (wfb::source-text unemployment_rate armenia "6.5% of officially registered unemployed but large numbers of underemployed (1994 est.)" );; line 5764 (wfb::source-text budget armenia revenues "$NA" );; line 5770 (wfb::source-text budget armenia expenditures "$NA, including capital expenditures of $NA" );; line 5772 (wfb::source-text exports armenia "$43 million to countries outside the FSU (f.o.b., 1994)" );; line 5776 (wfb::source-text exports armenia commodities "gold and jewelry, aluminum, transport equipment, electrical equipment" );; line 5778 (wfb::source-text exports armenia partners "Iran, Russia, Turkmenistan, Georgia" );; line 5781 (wfb::source-text imports armenia "$120 million from countries outside the FSU (c.i.f., 1994)" );; line 5785 (wfb::source-text imports armenia commodities "grain, other foods, fuel, other energy" );; line 5787 (wfb::source-text imports armenia partners "Iran, Russia, Turkmenistan, Georgia, US, EU" );; line 5789 (wfb::source-text external_debt armenia "$NA" );; line 5793 (wfb::source-text industrial_production armenia "growth rate 7% (1994 est.); accounts for 41% of GDP" );; line 5797 (wfb::source-text electricity armenia capacity "4,620,000 kW" );; line 5802 (wfb::source-text electricity armenia production "5.7 billion kWh" );; line 5804 (wfb::source-text electricity armenia consumption_per_capita "1,620 kWh (1994)" );; line 5806 (wfb::source-text industry armenia "traditionally diverse, including (as a percent of output of former USSR) metalcutting machine tools (5.5%), forging-pressing machines (1.9%), electric motors (9%), tires (1.5%), knitted wear (4.4%), hosiery (3.0%), shoes (2.2%), silk fabric (0.8%), washing machines (2.0%), chemicals, trucks, watches, instruments, and microelectronics (1990); currently, much of industry is shut down" );; line 5810 (wfb::source-text agriculture armenia "only 17% of land area is arable; employs 31% of labor force as residents increasingly turn to subsistence agriculture; fruits (especially grapes) and vegetable farming, minor livestock sector; vineyards near Yerevan are famous for brandy and other liqueurs" );; line 5819 (wfb::source-text illicit_drugs armenia "illicit cultivator of cannabis mostly for domestic consumption; used as a transshipment point for illicit drugs to Western Europe" );; line 5826 (wfb::source-text economic_aid armenia recipient "considerable humanitarian aid, mostly food and energy products, from US and EU; Russia granted 60 billion rubles in technical credits in late 1994 and approved a 110 billion ruble credit almost half of which was to go toward the restart of the Metsamor nuclear power plant" );; line 5832 (wfb::source-text currency armenia "1 dram = 100 luma (introduced new currency in November 1993)" );; line 5839 (wfb::source-text exchange_rates armenia "dram per US$1 - 406 (end December 1994)" );; line 5843 (wfb::source-text fiscal_year armenia "calendar year" );; line 5847 (wfb::source-text railroads armenia total "840 km in common carrier service; does not include industrial lines" );; line 5853 (wfb::source-text railroads armenia broad_gauge "840 km 1.520-m gauge (1990)" );; line 5856 (wfb::source-text highways armenia total "11,300 km" );; line 5861 (wfb::source-text highways armenia paved "10,500 km" );; line 5863 (wfb::source-text highways armenia unpaved "earth 800 km (1990)" );; line 5865 (wfb::source-text inland_waterways armenia "NA km" );; line 5869 (wfb::source-text pipelines armenia "natural gas 900 km (1991)" );; line 5873 (wfb::source-text port armenia "none" );; line 5877 (wfb::source-text airports armenia total "11" );; line 5882 (wfb::source-text airports armenia |with paved runways over 3,047 m| "2" );; line 5884 (wfb::source-text airports armenia |with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m| "1" );; line 5886 (wfb::source-text airports armenia |with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m| "2" );; line 5888 (wfb::source-text airports armenia |with unpaved runways 1,524 to 2,438 m| "2" );; line 5890 (wfb::source-text airports armenia |with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m| "3" );; line 5892 (wfb::source-text airports armenia with_unpaved_runways_under_914_m "1" );; line 5894 (wfb::source-text telephone_system armenia "about 650,000 telephones; 177 telephones/1,000 persons; progress on installation of fiber optic cable and construction of facilities for mobile cellular phone service remains in the negotiation phase for joint venture agreement" );; line 5899 (wfb::source-text telephone_system armenia local "NA" );; line 5904 (wfb::source-text telephone_system armenia intercity "NA" );; line 5906 (wfb::source-text telephone_system armenia international "international connections to other former republics of the USSR are by landline or microwave and to other countries by satellite and by leased connection through the Moscow international gateway switch; 1 INTELSAT satellite link" );; line 5908 (wfb::source-text radio armenia broadcast_stations "AM NA, FM NA, shortwave NA" );; line 5916 (wfb::source-text radio armenia radios "NA" );; line 5918 (wfb::source-text television armenia broadcast_stations "NA; note - 100% of population receives Armenian and Russian TV programs" );; line 5923 (wfb::source-text television armenia televisions "NA" );; line 5926 (wfb::source-text defense_branch armenia "Army, Air and Air Defense Forces, National Guard, Security Forces (internal and border troops)" );; line 5932 (wfb::source-text manpower_availability armenia "males age 15-49 877,414; males fit for military service 699,167; males reach military age (18) annually 28,634 (1995 est.)" );; line 5937 (wfb::source-text defense_expenditures armenia "250 million rubles, NA% of GDP (1992 est.); note - conversion of the military budget into US dollars using the current exchange rate could produce misleading results" );; line 5942 (wfb::source-text location aruba "Caribbean, island in the Caribbean Sea, north of Venezuela" );; line 5954 (wfb::source-text map_references aruba "Central America and the Caribbean" );; line 5958 (wfb::source-text area aruba total_area "193 sq km" );; line 5963 (wfb::source-text area aruba land_area "193 sq km" );; line 5965 (wfb::source-text area aruba comparative_area "slightly larger than Washington, DC" );; line 5967 (wfb::source-text borders aruba "0 km" );; line 5971 (wfb::source-text coastline aruba "68.5 km" );; line 5975 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims aruba territorial_sea "12 nm" );; line 5980 (wfb::source-text international_disputes aruba "none" );; line 5984 (wfb::source-text climate aruba "tropical marine; little seasonal temperature variation" );; line 5988 (wfb::source-text terrain aruba "flat with a few hills; scant vegetation" );; line 5992 (wfb::source-text natural-resource aruba "negligible; white sandy beaches" );; line 5996 (wfb::source-text land_use aruba arable_land "0%" );; line 6001 (wfb::source-text land_use aruba permanent_crops "0%" );; line 6003 (wfb::source-text land_use aruba meadows_and_pastures "0%" );; line 6005 (wfb::source-text land_use aruba forest_and_woodland "0%" );; line 6007 (wfb::source-text land_use aruba other "100%" );; line 6009 (wfb::source-text irrigated_land aruba "NA sq km" );; line 6013 (wfb::source-text environment aruba current_issues "NA" );; line 6018 (wfb::source-text environment aruba natural_hazards "lies outside the Caribbean hurricane belt" );; line 6020 (wfb::source-text environment aruba international_agreements "NA" );; line 6022 (wfb::source-text population aruba "65,974 (July 1995 est.)" );; line 6028 (wfb::source-text age_structure aruba 0-14_years "23% (female 7,377; male 7,726)" );; line 6033 (wfb::source-text age_structure aruba 15-64_years "69% (female 24,269; male 21,141)" );; line 6035 (wfb::source-text age_structure aruba 65_years_and_over "8% (female 3,223; male 2,238) (July 1995 est.)" );; line 6037 (wfb::source-text population_growth_rate aruba "0.65% (1995 est.)" );; line 6041 (wfb::source-text birth_rate aruba "14.6 births/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 6045 (wfb::source-text death_rate aruba "6.17 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 6049 (wfb::source-text net_migration_rate aruba "-1.91 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 6053 (wfb::source-text infant_mortality_rate aruba "8.3 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.)" );; line 6057 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth aruba total_population "76.56 years" );; line 6062 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth aruba male "72.89 years" );; line 6064 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth aruba female "80.42 years (1995 est.)" );; line 6066 (wfb::source-text total_fertility_rate aruba "1.82 children born/woman (1995 est.)" );; line 6070 (wfb::source-text nationality aruba noun "Aruban(s)" );; line 6075 (wfb::source-text nationality aruba adjective "Aruban" );; line 6077 (wfb::source-text ethnic-entity aruba "mixed European/Caribbean Indian 80%" );; line 6081 (wfb::source-text religion aruba "Roman Catholic 82%, Protestant 8%, Hindu, Muslim, Confucian, Jewish" );; line 6085 (wfb::source-text language aruba "Dutch (official), Papiamento (a Spanish, Portuguese, Dutch, English dialect), English (widely spoken), Spanish" );; line 6090 (wfb::source-text literacy aruba "NA%" );; line 6095 (wfb::source-text total_labor_force aruba "NA" );; line 6099 (wfb::source-text labor_force_by_occupation aruba by_occupation "most employment is in the tourist industry (1995)" );; line 6101 (wfb::source-text names aruba conventional_long_form "none" );; line 6107 (wfb::source-text names aruba conventional_short_form "Aruba" );; line 6109 (wfb::source-text digraph aruba "AA" );; line 6113 (wfb::source-text type aruba "part of the Dutch realm; full autonomy in internal affairs obtained in 1986 upon separation from the Netherlands Antilles" );; line 6117 (wfb::source-text capital aruba "Oranjestad" );; line 6122 (wfb::source-text administrative_divisions aruba "none (self-governing part of the Netherlands)" );; line 6126 (wfb::source-text independence aruba "none (part of the Dutch realm; in 1990, Aruba requested and received from the Netherlands cancellation of the agreement to automatically give independence to the island in 1996)" );; line 6130 (wfb::source-text national_holiday aruba "Flag Day, 18 March" );; line 6136 (wfb::source-text constitution aruba "1 January 1986" );; line 6140 (wfb::source-text legal_system aruba "based on Dutch civil law system, with some English common law influence" );; line 6144 (wfb::source-text suffrage aruba "18 years of age; universal" );; line 6149 (wfb::source-text executive_branch aruba chief_of_state "Queen BEATRIX Wilhelmina Armgard (since 30 April 1980), represented by Governor General Olindo KOOLMAN (since 1 January 1992)" );; line 6154 (wfb::source-text executive_branch aruba head_of_government "Prime Minister Jan (Henny) H. EMAN (since 29 July 1994)" );; line 6157 (wfb::source-text executive_branch aruba cabinet "Council of Ministers; appointed with the advice and approval of the legislature" );; line 6159 (wfb::source-text legislative_structure aruba "unicameral" );; line 6164 (wfb::source-text legislative_branch aruba |Legislature (Staten)| "elections last held 29 July 1994 (next to be held by NA July 1998); results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (21 total) AVP 10, MEP 9, OLA 2" );; line 6166 (wfb::source-text judicial_branch aruba "Joint High Court of Justice" );; line 6172 (wfb::source-text political_parties_and_leaders aruba "Electoral Movement Party (MEP), Nelson ODUBER; Aruban People's Party (AVP), Jan (Henny) H. EMAN; National Democratic Action (ADN), Pedro Charro KELLY; New Patriotic Party (PPN), Eddy WERLEMEN; Aruban Patriotic Party (PPA), Benny NISBET; Aruban Democratic Party (PDA), Leo BERLINSKI; Democratic Action '86 (AD '86), Arturo ODUBER; Organization for Aruban Liberty (OLA), Glenbert CROES" );; line 6176 (wfb::source-text member_of aruba "ECLAC (associate), INTERPOL, IOC, UNESCO (associate), WCL, WTO (associate)" );; line 6187 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us aruba "none (self-governing part of the Netherlands)" );; line 6192 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation aruba "none (self-governing part of the Netherlands)" );; line 6196 (wfb::source-text flag aruba "blue with two narrow horizontal yellow stripes across the lower portion and a red, four-pointed star outlined in white in the upper hoist-side corner" );; line 6200 (wfb::source-text overview aruba "Tourism is the mainstay of the Aruban economy, although offshore banking and oil refining and storage are also important. The rapid growth of the tourism sector over the last decade has resulted in a substantial expansion of other activities. Construction has boomed, with hotel capacity five times the 1985 level. Additionally, the reopening of the country's oil refinery in 1993, a major source of employment and foreign exchange earnings, has further spurred growth. Aruba's small labor force and less than 1% unemployment rate have led to a large number of unfilled job vacancies despite sharp rises in wage rates in recent years." );; line 6207 (wfb::source-text national_product aruba "GDP - purchasing power parity - $1.1 billion (1993 est.)" );; line 6219 (wfb::source-text national_product_real_growth_rate aruba "5% (1993 est.)" );; line 6223 (wfb::source-text national_product_per_capita aruba "$17,000 (1993 est.)" );; line 6227 (wfb::source-text |Inflation rate (consumer prices)| aruba "7% (1994 est.)" );; line 6231 (wfb::source-text unemployment_rate aruba "0.6% (1992)" );; line 6235 (wfb::source-text budget aruba revenues "$145 million" );; line 6240 (wfb::source-text budget aruba expenditures "$185 million, including capital expenditures of $42 million (1988)" );; line 6242 (wfb::source-text exports aruba "$1.3 billion (including oil re-exports) (f.o.b., 1993 est.)" );; line 6247 (wfb::source-text exports aruba commodities "mostly refined petroleum products" );; line 6249 (wfb::source-text exports aruba partners "US 64%, EC" );; line 6251 (wfb::source-text imports aruba "$1.6 billion (f.o.b., 1993 est.)" );; line 6255 (wfb::source-text imports aruba commodities "food, consumer goods, manufactures, petroleum products, crude oil for refining and re-export" );; line 6257 (wfb::source-text imports aruba partners "US 8%, EC" );; line 6260 (wfb::source-text external_debt aruba "$81 million (1987)" );; line 6264 (wfb::source-text industrial_production aruba "growth rate NA%" );; line 6268 (wfb::source-text electricity aruba capacity "90,000 kW" );; line 6273 (wfb::source-text electricity aruba production "330 million kWh" );; line 6275 (wfb::source-text electricity aruba consumption_per_capita "4,761 kWh (1993)" );; line 6277 (wfb::source-text industry aruba "tourism, transshipment facilities, oil refining" );; line 6281 (wfb::source-text agriculture aruba "poor quality soils and low rainfall limit agricultural activity to the cultivation of aloes, some livestock, and fishing" );; line 6285 (wfb::source-text illicit_drugs aruba "drug money laundering center and transit point for narcotics bound for the US and Europe" );; line 6290 (wfb::source-text economic_aid aruba recipient "Western (non-US) countries ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1980-89), $220 million" );; line 6296 (wfb::source-text currency aruba "1 Aruban florin (Af.) = 100 cents" );; line 6301 (wfb::source-text exchange_rates aruba "Aruban florins (Af.) per US$1 - 1.7900 (fixed rate since 1986)" );; line 6305 (wfb::source-text fiscal_year aruba "calendar year" );; line 6309 (wfb::source-text railroads aruba "0 km" );; line 6314 (wfb::source-text highways aruba total "NA" );; line 6319 (wfb::source-text highways aruba paved "NA" );; line 6321 (wfb::source-text highways aruba unpaved "NA" );; line 6323 (wfb::source-text port aruba "Barcadera, Oranjestad, Sint Nicolaas" );; line 6327 (wfb::source-text merchant_marine aruba "none" );; line 6331 (wfb::source-text airports aruba total "2" );; line 6336 (wfb::source-text airports aruba |with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m| "1" );; line 6338 (wfb::source-text airports aruba |with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m| "1" );; line 6340 (wfb::source-text telephone_system aruba "72,168 telephones; 1,100 telephones/1,000 persons; more than adequate" );; line 6348 (wfb::source-text telephone_system aruba local "NA" );; line 6351 (wfb::source-text telephone_system aruba intercity "extensive interisland microwave radio relay links" );; line 6353 (wfb::source-text telephone_system aruba international "1 submarine cable to Sint Maarten" );; line 6355 (wfb::source-text radio aruba broadcast_stations "AM 4, FM 4, shortwave 0" );; line 6360 (wfb::source-text radio aruba radios "NA" );; line 6362 (wfb::source-text television aruba broadcast_stations "1" );; line 6367 (wfb::source-text television aruba televisions "NA" );; line 6369 (wfb::source-text note aruba "defense is the responsibility of the Netherlands" );; line 6375 (wfb::source-text location ashmore_and_cartier_islands "Southeastern Asia, islands in the Indian Ocean, northwest of Australia" );; line 6385 (wfb::source-text map_references ashmore_and_cartier_islands "Southeast Asia" );; line 6390 (wfb::source-text area ashmore_and_cartier_islands total_area "5 sq km" );; line 6395 (wfb::source-text area ashmore_and_cartier_islands land_area "5 sq km" );; line 6397 (wfb::source-text area ashmore_and_cartier_islands comparative_area "about 8.5 times the size of The Mall in Washington, DC" );; line 6399 (wfb::source-text borders ashmore_and_cartier_islands "0 km" );; line 6406 (wfb::source-text coastline ashmore_and_cartier_islands "74.1 km" );; line 6410 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims ashmore_and_cartier_islands contiguous_zone "12 nm" );; line 6415 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims ashmore_and_cartier_islands continental_shelf "200-m depth or to depth of exploitation" );; line 6417 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims ashmore_and_cartier_islands exclusive_fishing_zone "200 nm" );; line 6419 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims ashmore_and_cartier_islands territorial_sea "3 nm" );; line 6421 (wfb::source-text international_disputes ashmore_and_cartier_islands "none" );; line 6425 (wfb::source-text climate ashmore_and_cartier_islands "tropical" );; line 6429 (wfb::source-text terrain ashmore_and_cartier_islands "low with sand and coral" );; line 6433 (wfb::source-text natural-resource ashmore_and_cartier_islands "fish" );; line 6437 (wfb::source-text land_use ashmore_and_cartier_islands arable_land "0%" );; line 6442 (wfb::source-text land_use ashmore_and_cartier_islands permanent_crops "0%" );; line 6444 (wfb::source-text land_use ashmore_and_cartier_islands meadows_and_pastures "0%" );; line 6446 (wfb::source-text land_use ashmore_and_cartier_islands forest_and_woodland "0%" );; line 6448 (wfb::source-text land_use ashmore_and_cartier_islands other "100% (all grass and sand)" );; line 6450 (wfb::source-text irrigated_land ashmore_and_cartier_islands "0 sq km" );; line 6454 (wfb::source-text environment ashmore_and_cartier_islands current_issues "NA" );; line 6459 (wfb::source-text environment ashmore_and_cartier_islands natural_hazards "surrounded by shoals and reefs which can pose maritime hazards" );; line 6461 (wfb::source-text environment ashmore_and_cartier_islands international_agreements "NA" );; line 6463 (wfb::source-text note ashmore_and_cartier_islands "Ashmore Reef National Nature Reserve established in August 1983" );; line 6467 (wfb::source-text population ashmore_and_cartier_islands "no indigenous inhabitants; note - there are only seasonal caretakers" );; line 6473 (wfb::source-text names ashmore_and_cartier_islands conventional_long_form "Territory of Ashmore and Cartier Islands" );; line 6480 (wfb::source-text names ashmore_and_cartier_islands conventional_short_form "Ashmore and Cartier Islands" );; line 6482 (wfb::source-text digraph ashmore_and_cartier_islands "AT" );; line 6486 (wfb::source-text type ashmore_and_cartier_islands "territory of Australia administered by the Australian Ministry for the Environment, Sport, and Territories" );; line 6490 (wfb::source-text capital ashmore_and_cartier_islands "none; administered from Canberra, Australia" );; line 6495 (wfb::source-text administrative_divisions ashmore_and_cartier_islands "none (territory of Australia)" );; line 6499 (wfb::source-text independence ashmore_and_cartier_islands "none (territory of Australia)" );; line 6503 (wfb::source-text legal_system ashmore_and_cartier_islands "relevant laws of the Northern Territory of Australia" );; line 6507 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us ashmore_and_cartier_islands "none (territory of Australia)" );; line 6511 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation ashmore_and_cartier_islands "none (territory of Australia)" );; line 6515 (wfb::source-text overview ashmore_and_cartier_islands "no economic activity" );; line 6520 (wfb::source-text port ashmore_and_cartier_islands "none; offshore anchorage only" );; line 6525 (wfb::source-text note ashmore_and_cartier_islands "defense is the responsibility of Australia; periodic visits by the Royal Australian Navy and Royal Australian Air Force" );; line 6535 (wfb::source-text location atlantic_ocean "body of water between Africa, Antarctica, and the Western Hemisphere" );; line 6546 (wfb::source-text map_references atlantic_ocean "World" );; line 6551 (wfb::source-text area atlantic_ocean total_area "82.217 million sq km" );; line 6556 (wfb::source-text area atlantic_ocean comparative_area "slightly less than nine times the size of the US; second-largest of the world's four oceans (after the Pacific Ocean, but larger than Indian Ocean or Arctic Ocean)" );; line 6558 (wfb::source-text coastline atlantic_ocean "111,866 km" );; line 6568 (wfb::source-text international_disputes atlantic_ocean "some maritime disputes (see littoral states)" );; line 6572 (wfb::source-text climate atlantic_ocean "tropical cyclones (hurricanes) develop off the coast of Africa near Cape Verde and move westward into the Caribbean Sea; hurricanes can occur from May to December, but are most frequent from August to November" );; line 6576 (wfb::source-text terrain atlantic_ocean "surface usually covered with sea ice in Labrador Sea, Denmark Strait, and Baltic Sea from October to June; clockwise warm water gyre (broad, circular system of currents) in the northern Atlantic, counterclockwise warm water gyre in the southern Atlantic; the ocean floor is dominated by the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, a rugged north-south centerline for the entire Atlantic basin; maximum depth is 8,605 meters in the Puerto Rico Trench" );; line 6582 (wfb::source-text natural-resource atlantic_ocean "oil and gas fields, fish, marine mammals (seals and whales), sand and gravel aggregates, placer deposits, polymetallic nodules, precious stones" );; line 6591 (wfb::source-text environment atlantic_ocean current_issues "endangered marine species include the manatee, seals, sea lions, turtles, and whales; driftnet fishing is exacerbating declining fish stocks and contributing to international disputes; municipal sludge pollution off eastern US, southern Brazil, and eastern Argentina; oil pollution in Caribbean Sea, Gulf of Mexico, Lake Maracaibo, Mediterranean Sea, and North Sea; industrial waste and municipal sewage pollution in Baltic Sea, North Sea, and Mediterranean Sea" );; line 6598 (wfb::source-text environment atlantic_ocean natural_hazards "icebergs common in Davis Strait, Denmark Strait, and the northwestern Atlantic Ocean from February to August and have been spotted as far south as Bermuda and the Madeira Islands; icebergs from Antarctica occur in the extreme southern Atlantic Ocean; ships subject to superstructure icing in extreme northern Atlantic from October to May and extreme southern Atlantic from May to October; persistent fog can be a maritime hazard from May to September" );; line 6605 (wfb::source-text environment atlantic_ocean international_agreements "NA" );; line 6613 (wfb::source-text note atlantic_ocean "major choke points include the Dardanelles, Strait of Gibraltar, access to the Panama and Suez Canals; strategic straits include the Strait of Dover, Straits of Florida, Mona Passage, The Sound (Oresund), and Windward Passage; the Equator divides the Atlantic Ocean into the North Atlantic Ocean and South Atlantic Ocean" );; line 6617 (wfb::source-text digraph atlantic_ocean "ZH" );; line 6631 (wfb::source-text overview atlantic_ocean "The Atlantic Ocean provides some of the world's most heavily trafficked sea routes, between and within the Eastern and Western Hemispheres. Other economic activity includes the exploitation of natural resources, e.g., fishing, the dredging of aragonite sands (The Bahamas), and production of crude oil and natural gas (Caribbean Sea, Gulf of Mexico, and North Sea)." );; line 6636 (wfb::source-text port atlantic_ocean "Alexandria (Egypt), Algiers (Algeria), Antwerp (Belgium), Barcelona (Spain), Buenos Aires (Argentina), Casablanca (Morocco), Colon (Panama), Copenhagen (Denmark), Dakar (Senegal), Gdansk (Poland), Hamburg (Germany), Helsinki (Finland), Las Palmas (Canary Islands, Spain), Le Havre (France), Lisbon (Portugal), London (UK), Marseille (France), Montevideo (Uruguay), Montreal (Canada), Naples (Italy), New Orleans (US), New York (US), Oran (Algeria), Oslo (Norway), Piraeus (Greece), Rio de Janeiro (Brazil), Rotterdam (Netherlands), Saint Petersburg (Russia), Stockholm (Sweden)" );; line 6646 (wfb::source-text note atlantic_ocean "Kiel Canal and Saint Lawrence Seaway are two important waterways" );; line 6657 (wfb::source-text telephone_system atlantic_ocean international "numerous submarine cables with most between continental Europe and the UK, North America and the UK, and in the Mediterranean; numerous direct links across Atlantic via INTELSAT satellite network" );; line 6663 (wfb::source-text location australia "Oceania, continent between the Indian Ocean and the South Pacific Ocean" );; line 6680 (wfb::source-text map_references australia "Oceania" );; line 6685 (wfb::source-text area australia total_area "7,686,850 sq km" );; line 6690 (wfb::source-text area australia land_area "7,617,930 sq km" );; line 6692 (wfb::source-text area australia comparative_area "slightly smaller than the US" );; line 6694 (wfb::source-text borders australia "0 km" );; line 6700 (wfb::source-text coastline australia "25,760 km" );; line 6704 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims australia contiguous_zone "24 nm" );; line 6709 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims australia continental_shelf "200 nm or to the edge of the continental margin" );; line 6711 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims australia exclusive_economic_zone "200 nm" );; line 6713 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims australia territorial_sea "12 nm" );; line 6715 (wfb::source-text international_disputes australia "territorial claim in Antarctica (Australian Antarctic Territory)" );; line 6719 (wfb::source-text climate australia "generally arid to semiarid; temperate in south and east; tropical in north" );; line 6723 (wfb::source-text terrain australia "mostly low plateau with deserts; fertile plain in southeast" );; line 6728 (wfb::source-text natural-resource australia "bauxite, coal, iron ore, copper, tin, silver, uranium, nickel, tungsten, mineral sands, lead, zinc, diamonds, natural gas, petroleum" );; line 6732 (wfb::source-text land_use australia arable_land "6%" );; line 6738 (wfb::source-text land_use australia permanent_crops "0%" );; line 6740 (wfb::source-text land_use australia meadows_and_pastures "58%" );; line 6742 (wfb::source-text land_use australia forest_and_woodland "14%" );; line 6744 (wfb::source-text land_use australia other "22%" );; line 6746 (wfb::source-text irrigated_land australia "18,800 sq km (1989 est.)" );; line 6750 (wfb::source-text environment australia current_issues "soil erosion from overgrazing, industrial development, urbanization, and poor farming practices; soil salinity rising due to the use of poor quality water; desertification; clearing for agricultural purposes threatens the natural habitat of many unique animal and plant species; the Great Barrier Reef off the northeast coast, the largest coral reef in the world, is threatened by increased shipping and its popularity as a tourist site; limited natural fresh water resources" );; line 6755 (wfb::source-text environment australia natural_hazards "cyclones along the coast; severe droughts" );; line 6763 (wfb::source-text environment australia international_agreements "party to - Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Wetlands, Whaling; signed, but not ratified - Desertification" );; line 6765 (wfb::source-text note australia "world's smallest continent but sixth-largest country; population concentrated along the eastern and southeastern coasts; regular, tropical, invigorating, sea breeze known as \"the Doctor\" occurs along the west coast in the summer" );; line 6773 (wfb::source-text population australia "18,322,231 (July 1995 est.)" );; line 6782 (wfb::source-text age_structure australia 0-14_years "22% (female 1,929,366; male 2,032,238)" );; line 6787 (wfb::source-text age_structure australia 15-64_years "67% (female 6,017,362; male 6,181,887)" );; line 6789 (wfb::source-text age_structure australia 65_years_and_over "11% (female 1,227,004; male 934,374) (July 1995 est.)" );; line 6791 (wfb::source-text population_growth_rate australia "1.31% (1995 est.)" );; line 6795 (wfb::source-text birth_rate australia "14.13 births/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 6799 (wfb::source-text death_rate australia "7.37 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 6803 (wfb::source-text net_migration_rate australia "6.33 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 6807 (wfb::source-text infant_mortality_rate australia "7.1 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.)" );; line 6811 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth australia total_population "77.78 years" );; line 6816 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth australia male "74.67 years" );; line 6818 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth australia female "81.04 years (1995 est.)" );; line 6820 (wfb::source-text total_fertility_rate australia "1.82 children born/woman (1995 est.)" );; line 6824 (wfb::source-text nationality australia noun "Australian(s)" );; line 6829 (wfb::source-text nationality australia adjective "Australian" );; line 6831 (wfb::source-text ethnic-entity australia "Caucasian 95%, Asian 4%, aboriginal and other 1%" );; line 6835 (wfb::source-text religion australia "Anglican 26.1%, Roman Catholic 26%, other Christian 24.3%" );; line 6839 (wfb::source-text language australia "English, native languages" );; line 6843 (wfb::source-text literacy australia "age 15 and over can read and write (1980 est.)" );; line 6847 (wfb::source-text literacy australia total_population "100%" );; line 6849 (wfb::source-text literacy australia male "100%" );; line 6851 (wfb::source-text literacy australia female "100%" );; line 6853 (wfb::source-text total_labor_force australia "8.63 million (September 1991)" );; line 6857 (wfb::source-text labor_force_by_occupation australia by_occupation "finance and services 33.8%, public and community services 22.3%, wholesale and retail trade 20.1%, manufacturing and industry 16.2%, agriculture 6.1% (1987)" );; line 6859 (wfb::source-text names australia conventional_long_form "Commonwealth of Australia" );; line 6867 (wfb::source-text names australia conventional_short_form "Australia" );; line 6869 (wfb::source-text digraph australia "AS" );; line 6873 (wfb::source-text type australia "federal parliamentary state" );; line 6877 (wfb::source-text capital australia "Canberra" );; line 6881 (wfb::source-text administrative_divisions australia "6 states and 2 territories*; Australian Capital Territory*, New South Wales, Northern Territory*, Queensland, South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria, Western Australia" );; line 6885 (wfb::source-text dependent_areas australia "Ashmore and Cartier Islands, Christmas Island, Cocos (Keeling) Islands, Coral Sea Islands, Heard Island and McDonald Islands, Norfolk Island" );; line 6891 (wfb::source-text independence australia "1 January 1901 (federation of UK colonies)" );; line 6896 (wfb::source-text national_holiday australia "Australia Day, 26 January (1788)" );; line 6900 (wfb::source-text constitution australia "9 July 1900, effective 1 January 1901" );; line 6904 (wfb::source-text legal_system australia "based on English common law; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations" );; line 6908 (wfb::source-text suffrage australia "18 years of age; universal and compulsory" );; line 6913 (wfb::source-text executive_branch australia chief_of_state "Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952), represented by Governor General William George HAYDEN (since 16 February 1989)" );; line 6918 (wfb::source-text executive_branch australia head_of_government "Prime Minister Paul John KEATING (since 20 December 1991); Deputy Prime Minister Brian HOWE (since 4 June 1991)" );; line 6921 (wfb::source-text executive_branch australia cabinet "Cabinet; prime minister selects his cabinet from members of the House and Senate" );; line 6924 (wfb::source-text legislative_structure australia "bicameral Federal Parliament" );; line 6929 (wfb::source-text legislative_branch australia senate "elections last held 13 March 1993 (next to be held by NA 1996); results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (76 total) Liberal-National 36, Labor 30, Australian Democrats 7, Greens 2, independents 1" );; line 6931 (wfb::source-text legislative_branch australia house_of_representatives "elections last held 13 March 1993 (next to be held by NA 1996); results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (147 total) Labor 80, Liberal-National 65, independent 2" );; line 6935 (wfb::source-text judicial_branch australia "High Court" );; line 6941 (wfb::source-text political_parties_and_leaders australia government "Australian Labor Party, Paul John KEATING" );; line 6946 (wfb::source-text political_parties_and_leaders australia opposition "Liberal Party, John HOWARD; National Party, Timothy FISCHER; Australian Democratic Party, Cheryl KERNOT; Green Party, leader NA" );; line 6948 (wfb::source-text other_political_or_pressure_groups australia "Australian Democratic Labor Party (anti-Communist Labor Party splinter group); Peace and Nuclear Disarmament Action (Nuclear Disarmament Party splinter group)" );; line 6953 (wfb::source-text member_of australia "AfDB, AG (observer), ANZUS, APEC, AsDB, Australia Group, BIS, C, CCC, CP, EBRD, ESCAP, FAO, G- 8, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, INMARSAT, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, MINURSO, MTCR, NAM (guest), NEA, NSG, OECD, PCA, SPARTECA, SPC, SPF, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNFICYP, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNOSOM, UNTSO, UNU, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, ZC" );; line 6959 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us australia chief_of_mission "Ambassador Donald Eric RUSSELL" );; line 6969 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us australia chancery "1601 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20036" );; line 6971 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us australia telephone "[1] (202) 797-3000" );; line 6973 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us australia fax "[1] (202) 797-3168" );; line 6975 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us australia |consulate(s) general| "Atlanta, Honolulu, Houston, Los Angeles, New York, Pago Pago (American Samoa), and San Francisco" );; line 6977 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation australia chief_of_mission "Ambassador Edward J. PERKINS" );; line 6983 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation australia embassy "Moonah Place, Yarralumla, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2600" );; line 6985 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation australia mailing_address "APO AP 96549" );; line 6988 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation australia telephone "[61] (6) 270-5000" );; line 6990 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation australia fax "[61] (6) 270-5970" );; line 6992 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation australia |consulate(s) general| "Melbourne, Perth, and Sydney" );; line 6994 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation australia |consulate(s)| "Brisbane" );; line 6996 (wfb::source-text flag australia "blue with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side quadrant and a large seven-pointed star in the lower hoist-side quadrant; the remaining half is a representation of the Southern Cross constellation in white with one small five-pointed star and four, larger, seven-pointed stars" );; line 7000 (wfb::source-text overview australia "Australia has a prosperous Western-style capitalist economy, with a per capita GDP comparable to levels in industrialized West European countries. Rich in natural resources, Australia is a major exporter of agricultural products, minerals, metals, and fossil fuels. Primary products account for more than 60% of the value of total exports, so that, as in 1983-84, a downturn in world commodity prices can have a big impact on the economy. The government is pushing for increased exports of manufactured goods, but competition in international markets continues to be severe. Australia has suffered from the low growth and high unemployment characterizing the OECD countries in the early 1990s. In 1992-93 the economy recovered slowly from the prolonged recession of 1990-91, a major restraining factor being weak world demand for Australia's exports. Growth picked up so strongly in 1994 that the government felt the need for fiscal and monetary tightening by yearend. Australia's GDP grew 6.4% in 1994, largely due to increases in industrial output and business investment. A severe drought in 1994 is expected to reduce the value of Australia's net farm production by $825 million in the twelve months through June 1995, but rising world commodity prices are likely to boost rural exports by 7.7% to $14.5 billion in 1995/96, according to government statistics." );; line 7008 (wfb::source-text national_product australia "GDP - purchasing power parity - $374.6 billion (1994 est.)" );; line 7030 (wfb::source-text national_product_real_growth_rate australia "6.4% (1994)" );; line 7034 (wfb::source-text national_product_per_capita australia "$20,720 (1994 est.)" );; line 7038 (wfb::source-text |Inflation rate (consumer prices)| australia "2.5% (1994)" );; line 7042 (wfb::source-text unemployment_rate australia "8.9% (December 1994)" );; line 7046 (wfb::source-text budget australia revenues "$83.8 billion" );; line 7051 (wfb::source-text budget australia expenditures "$92.3 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA (FY93/94)" );; line 7053 (wfb::source-text exports australia "$50.4 billion (1994)" );; line 7057 (wfb::source-text exports australia commodities "coal, gold, meat, wool, alumina, wheat, machinery and transport equipment" );; line 7059 (wfb::source-text exports australia partners "Japan 25%, US 11%, South Korea 6%, NZ 5.7%, UK, Taiwan, Singapore, Hong Kong (1992)" );; line 7062 (wfb::source-text imports australia "$51.1 billion (1994)" );; line 7067 (wfb::source-text imports australia commodities "machinery and transport equipment, computers and office machines, crude oil and petroleum products" );; line 7069 (wfb::source-text imports australia partners "US 23%, Japan 18%, UK 6%, Germany 5.7%, NZ 4% (1992)" );; line 7072 (wfb::source-text external_debt australia "$147.2 billion (1994)" );; line 7076 (wfb::source-text industrial_production australia "growth rate 3.9% (FY93/94); accounts for 32% of GDP" );; line 7080 (wfb::source-text electricity australia capacity "34,540,000 kW" );; line 7085 (wfb::source-text electricity australia production "155 billion kWh" );; line 7087 (wfb::source-text electricity australia consumption_per_capita "8,021 kWh (1993)" );; line 7089 (wfb::source-text industry australia "mining, industrial and transportation equipment, food processing, chemicals, steel" );; line 7093 (wfb::source-text agriculture australia "accounts for 5% of GDP and over 30% of export revenues; world's largest exporter of beef and wool, second-largest for mutton, and among top wheat exporters; major crops - wheat, barley, sugarcane, fruit; livestock - cattle, sheep, poultry" );; line 7098 (wfb::source-text illicit_drugs australia "Tasmania is one of the world's major suppliers of licit opiate products; government maintains strict controls over areas of opium poppy cultivation and output of poppy straw concentrate" );; line 7105 (wfb::source-text economic_aid australia donor "ODA and OOF commitments (1970-89), $10.4 billion" );; line 7112 (wfb::source-text currency australia "1 Australian dollar ($A) = 100 cents" );; line 7116 (wfb::source-text exchange_rates australia "Australian dollars ($A) per US$1 - 1.3058 (January 1995), 1.3667 (1994), 1.4704 (1993), 1.3600 (1992), 1.2835 (1991), 1.2799 (1990)" );; line 7120 (wfb::source-text fiscal_year australia "1 July - 30 June" );; line 7125 (wfb::source-text railroads australia total "40,478 km (1,130 km electrified; 183 km dual gauge)" );; line 7131 (wfb::source-text railroads australia broad_gauge "7,970 km 1.600-m gauge" );; line 7133 (wfb::source-text railroads australia standard_gauge "16,201 km 1.435-m gauge" );; line 7135 (wfb::source-text railroads australia narrow_gauge "16,307 km 1.067-m gauge" );; line 7137 (wfb::source-text highways australia total "837,872 km" );; line 7142 (wfb::source-text highways australia paved "243,750 km" );; line 7144 (wfb::source-text highways australia unpaved "gravel, crushed stone, stabilized earth 228,396 km; unimproved earth 365,726 km" );; line 7146 (wfb::source-text inland_waterways australia "8,368 km; mainly by small, shallow-draft craft" );; line 7151 (wfb::source-text pipelines australia "crude oil 2,500 km; petroleum products 500 km; natural gas 5,600 km" );; line 7155 (wfb::source-text port australia "Adelaide, Brisbane, Cairns, Darwin, Devonport, Fremantle, Geelong, Hobart (Tasmania), Launceton (Tasmania), Mackay, Melbourne, Sydney, Townsville" );; line 7160 (wfb::source-text merchant_marine australia total "81 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 2,620,536 GRT/3,801,970 DWT" );; line 7167 (wfb::source-text merchant_marine australia ships_by_type "bulk 30, cargo 7, chemical tanker 3, combination bulk 2, container 7, liquefied gas tanker 6, oil tanker 18, roll-on/roll-off cargo 7, short-sea passenger 1" );; line 7169 (wfb::source-text airports australia total "480" );; line 7176 (wfb::source-text airports australia |with paved runways over 3,047 m| "9" );; line 7178 (wfb::source-text airports australia |with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m| "15" );; line 7180 (wfb::source-text airports australia |with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m| "128" );; line 7182 (wfb::source-text airports australia |with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m| "125" );; line 7184 (wfb::source-text airports australia with_paved_runways_under_914_m "31" );; line 7186 (wfb::source-text airports australia |with unpaved runways 1,524 to 2,438 m| "23" );; line 7188 (wfb::source-text airports australia |with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m| "149" );; line 7190 (wfb::source-text telephone_system australia "8,700,000 telephones; good international and domestic service" );; line 7195 (wfb::source-text telephone_system australia local "NA" );; line 7197 (wfb::source-text telephone_system australia intercity "domestic satellite service" );; line 7199 (wfb::source-text telephone_system australia international "submarine cables to New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, and Indonesia; 10 INTELSAT (4 Indian Ocean and 6 Pacific Ocean) earth stations" );; line 7201 (wfb::source-text radio australia broadcast_stations "AM 258, FM 67, shortwave 0" );; line 7207 (wfb::source-text radio australia radios "NA" );; line 7209 (wfb::source-text television australia broadcast_stations "134" );; line 7214 (wfb::source-text television australia televisions "NA" );; line 7216 (wfb::source-text defense_branch australia "Australian Army, Royal Australian Navy, Royal Australian Air Force" );; line 7222 (wfb::source-text manpower_availability australia "males age 15-49 4,934,175; males fit for military service 4,274,900; males reach military age (17) annually 131,852 (1995 est.)" );; line 7227 (wfb::source-text defense_expenditures australia "exchange rate conversion - $7.2 billion, 2.2% of GDP (FY94/95)" );; line 7232 (wfb::source-text location austria "Central Europe, north of Italy" );; line 7242 (wfb::source-text map_references austria "Europe" );; line 7246 (wfb::source-text area austria total_area "83,850 sq km" );; line 7251 (wfb::source-text area austria land_area "82,730 sq km" );; line 7253 (wfb::source-text area austria comparative_area "slightly smaller than Maine" );; line 7255 (wfb::source-text borders austria "total 2,496 km, Czech Republic 362 km, Germany 784 km, Hungary 366 km, Italy 430 km, Liechtenstein 37 km, Slovakia 91 km, Slovenia 262 km, Switzerland 164 km" );; line 7259 (wfb::source-text coastline austria "0 km (landlocked)" );; line 7265 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims austria "none; landlocked" );; line 7269 (wfb::source-text international_disputes austria "none" );; line 7273 (wfb::source-text climate austria "temperate; continental, cloudy; cold winters with frequent rain in lowlands and snow in mountains; cool summers with occasional showers" );; line 7277 (wfb::source-text terrain austria "in the west and south mostly mountains (Alps); along the eastern and northern margins mostly flat or gently sloping" );; line 7282 (wfb::source-text natural-resource austria "iron ore, petroleum, timber, magnesite, aluminum, lead, coal, lignite, copper, hydropower" );; line 7287 (wfb::source-text land_use austria arable_land "17%" );; line 7293 (wfb::source-text land_use austria permanent_crops "1%" );; line 7295 (wfb::source-text land_use austria meadows_and_pastures "24%" );; line 7297 (wfb::source-text land_use austria forest_and_woodland "39%" );; line 7299 (wfb::source-text land_use austria other "19%" );; line 7301 (wfb::source-text irrigated_land austria "40 sq km (1989)" );; line 7305 (wfb::source-text environment austria current_issues "some forest degradation caused by air and soil pollution; soil pollution results from the use of agricultural chemicals; air pollution results from emissions by coal- and oil-fired power stations and industrial plants and from trucks transiting Austria between northern and southern Europe" );; line 7310 (wfb::source-text environment austria natural_hazards "NA" );; line 7315 (wfb::source-text environment austria international_agreements "party to - Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Sulphur 85, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Wetlands; signed, but not ratified - Air Pollution-Sulpher 94, Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Law of the Sea, Whaling" );; line 7317 (wfb::source-text note austria "landlocked; strategic location at the crossroads of central Europe with many easily traversable Alpine passes and valleys; major river is the Danube; population is concentrated on eastern lowlands because of steep slopes, poor soils, and low temperatures elsewhere" );; line 7326 (wfb::source-text population austria "7,986,664 (July 1995 est.)" );; line 7335 (wfb::source-text age_structure austria 0-14_years "17% (female 681,087; male 711,127)" );; line 7340 (wfb::source-text age_structure austria 15-64_years "67% (female 2,672,554; male 2,677,100)" );; line 7342 (wfb::source-text age_structure austria 65_years_and_over "16% (female 791,762; male 453,034) (July 1995 est.)" );; line 7344 (wfb::source-text population_growth_rate austria "0.35% (1995 est.)" );; line 7348 (wfb::source-text birth_rate austria "11.21 births/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 7352 (wfb::source-text death_rate austria "10.27 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 7356 (wfb::source-text net_migration_rate austria "2.5 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 7360 (wfb::source-text infant_mortality_rate austria "6.9 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.)" );; line 7364 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth austria total_population "76.9 years" );; line 7369 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth austria male "73.7 years" );; line 7371 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth austria female "80.27 years (1995 est.)" );; line 7373 (wfb::source-text total_fertility_rate austria "1.48 children born/woman (1995 est.)" );; line 7377 (wfb::source-text nationality austria noun "Austrian(s)" );; line 7382 (wfb::source-text nationality austria adjective "Austrian" );; line 7384 (wfb::source-text ethnic-entity austria "German 99.4%, Croatian 0.3%, Slovene 0.2%, other 0.1%" );; line 7388 (wfb::source-text religion austria "Roman Catholic 85%, Protestant 6%, other 9%" );; line 7392 (wfb::source-text language austria "German" );; line 7396 (wfb::source-text literacy austria "age 15 and over can read and write (1974 est.)" );; line 7400 (wfb::source-text literacy austria total_population "99%" );; line 7402 (wfb::source-text total_labor_force austria "3.47 million (1989)" );; line 7406 (wfb::source-text labor_force_by_occupation austria by_occupation "services 56.4%, industry and crafts 35.4%, agriculture and forestry 8.1%" );; line 7408 (wfb::source-text names austria conventional_long_form "Republic of Austria" );; line 7419 (wfb::source-text names austria conventional_short_form "Austria" );; line 7421 (wfb::source-text names austria local_long_form "Republik Oesterreich" );; line 7423 (wfb::source-text names austria local_short_form "Oesterreich" );; line 7425 (wfb::source-text digraph austria "AU" );; line 7429 (wfb::source-text type austria "federal republic" );; line 7433 (wfb::source-text capital austria "Vienna" );; line 7437 (wfb::source-text administrative_divisions austria "9 states (bundeslaender, singular - bundesland); Burgenland, Kaernten, Niederoesterreich, Oberoesterreich, Salzburg, Steiermark, Tirol, Vorarlberg, Wien" );; line 7441 (wfb::source-text independence austria "12 November 1918 (from Austro-Hungarian Empire)" );; line 7447 (wfb::source-text national_holiday austria "National Day, 26 October (1955)" );; line 7451 (wfb::source-text constitution austria "1920; revised 1929 (reinstated 1 May 1945)" );; line 7455 (wfb::source-text legal_system austria "civil law system with Roman law origin; judicial review of legislative acts by a Constitutional Court; separate administrative and civil/penal supreme courts; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction" );; line 7459 (wfb::source-text suffrage austria "18 years of age; universal; compulsory for presidential elections" );; line 7465 (wfb::source-text executive_branch austria chief_of_state "President Thomas KLESTIL (since 8 July 1992); election last held 24 May 1992 (next to be held 1996); results of second ballot - Thomas KLESTIL 57%, Rudolf STREICHER 43%" );; line 7470 (wfb::source-text executive_branch austria head_of_government "Chancellor Franz VRANITZKY (since 16 June 1986); Vice Chancellor Erhard BUSEK (since 2 July 1991)" );; line 7474 (wfb::source-text executive_branch austria cabinet "Council of Ministers; chosen by the president on the advice of the chancellor" );; line 7477 (wfb::source-text legislative_structure austria "bicameral Federal Assembly (Bundesversammlung)" );; line 7482 (wfb::source-text legislative_branch austria |Federal Council (Bundesrat)| "consists of 63 members representing each of the provinces on the basis of population, but with each province having at least 3 representatives" );; line 7484 (wfb::source-text legislative_branch austria |National Council (Nationalrat)| "elections last held 9 October 1994 (next to be held October 1998); results - SPOE 34.9%, OEVP 27.7%, FPOE 22.5%, Greens 7.3%, LF 6.0% other 1.6%; seats - (183 total) SPOE 65, OEVP 52, FPOE 42, Greens 13, LF 11" );; line 7488 (wfb::source-text judicial_branch austria "Supreme Judicial Court (Oberster Gerichtshof) for civil and criminal cases, Administrative Court (Verwaltungsgerichtshof) for bureaucratic cases, Constitutional Court (Verfassungsgerichtshof) for constitutional cases" );; line 7494 (wfb::source-text political_parties_and_leaders austria "Social Democratic Party of Austria (SPOE), Franz VRANITZKY, chairman; Austrian People's Party (OEVP), Erhard BUSEK, chairman; Freedom Movement (F) (was the Freedom Party of Austria, FPOE), Joerg HAIDER, chairman; Communist Party (KPOE), Walter SILBERMAYER, chairman; The Greens, Madeleine PETROVIC; Liberal Forum (LF), Heide SCHMIDT" );; line 7500 (wfb::source-text other_political_or_pressure_groups austria "Federal Chamber of Commerce and Industry; Austrian Trade Union Federation (primarily Socialist); three composite leagues of the Austrian People's Party (OEVP) representing business, labor, and farmers; OEVP-oriented League of Austrian Industrialists; Roman Catholic Church, including its chief lay organization, Catholic Action" );; line 7508 (wfb::source-text member_of austria "AfDB, AG (observer), AsDB, Australia Group, BIS, CCC, CE, CEI, CERN, EBRD, ECE, EFTA, ESA, EU, FAO, G- 9, GATT, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, MINURSO, MTCR, NAM (guest), NEA, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, ONUSAL, OSCE, PCA, UN, UNAMIR, UNCTAD, UNDOF, UNESCO, UNFICYP, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIKOM, UNMIH, UNOMIL, UNOMOZ, UNTSO, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC" );; line 7516 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us austria chief_of_mission "Ambassador Helmut TUERK" );; line 7527 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us austria chancery "3524 International Court NW, Washington, DC 20008-3035" );; line 7529 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us austria telephone "[1] (202) 895-6700" );; line 7531 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us austria fax "[1] (202) 895-6750" );; line 7533 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us austria |consulate(s) general| "Chicago, Los Angeles, and New York" );; line 7535 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation austria chief_of_mission "Ambassador Swanee G. HUNT" );; line 7540 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation austria chancery "Boltzmanngasse 16, A-1091, Vienna" );; line 7542 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation austria mailing_address "use embassy street address" );; line 7544 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation austria telephone "[43] (1) 313-39" );; line 7546 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation austria fax "[43] (1) 310-0682" );; line 7548 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation austria |consulate(s) general| "none (Salzburg closed September 1993)" );; line 7550 (wfb::source-text flag austria "three equal horizontal bands of red (top), white, and red" );; line 7554 (wfb::source-text overview austria "Austria boasts a prosperous and stable market economy with a sizable but falling proportion of nationalized industry and with extensive welfare benefits. Thanks to its raw material endowment, a technically skilled labor force, and strong links to German industrial firms, Austria occupies specialized niches in European industry and services (tourism, banking) and produces almost enough food to feed itself with only 8% of the labor force in agriculture. After 11 consecutive years of growth, the Austrian economy experienced a mild recession in 1993, but growth resumed in 1994. Unemployment is 4.3% and will likely stay at that level as companies adjust to the competition of EU membership beginning 1 January 1995. To prepare for EU membership, Austria's government has taken measures to open the economy by introducing a major tax reform, privatizing state-owned firms, and liberalizing cross-border capital movements. Problems for the 1990s include an aging population, the high level of industrial subsidies, and the struggle to keep welfare benefits within budgetary capabilities - the deficit climbed to over 4% of GDP in 1994." );; line 7559 (wfb::source-text national_product austria "GDP - purchasing power parity - $139.3 billion (1994 est.)" );; line 7578 (wfb::source-text national_product_real_growth_rate austria "2.5% (1994 est.)" );; line 7582 (wfb::source-text national_product_per_capita austria "$17,500 (1994 est.)" );; line 7586 (wfb::source-text |Inflation rate (consumer prices)| austria "3% (1994)" );; line 7590 (wfb::source-text unemployment_rate austria "4.3% (1994 est.)" );; line 7594 (wfb::source-text budget austria revenues "$52.2 billion" );; line 7599 (wfb::source-text budget austria expenditures "$60.3 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA (1993 est.)" );; line 7601 (wfb::source-text exports austria "$44.1 billion (1994 est.)" );; line 7605 (wfb::source-text exports austria commodities "machinery and equipment, iron and steel, lumber, textiles, paper products, chemicals" );; line 7607 (wfb::source-text exports austria partners "EC 63.5% (Germany 38.9%), EFTA 9.0%, Eastern Europe/FSU 12.3%, Japan 1.5%, US 3.4% (1993)" );; line 7610 (wfb::source-text imports austria "$53.8 billion (1994 est.)" );; line 7615 (wfb::source-text imports austria commodities "petroleum, foodstuffs, machinery and equipment, vehicles, chemicals, textiles and clothing, pharmaceuticals" );; line 7617 (wfb::source-text imports austria partners "EC 66.8% (Germany 41.3%), EFTA 6.7%, Eastern Europe/FSU 7.5%, Japan 4.4%, US 4.4% (1993)" );; line 7620 (wfb::source-text external_debt austria "$21.5 billion (1994 est.)" );; line 7625 (wfb::source-text industrial_production austria "growth rate 2.5% (1994 est.)" );; line 7629 (wfb::source-text electricity austria capacity "17,230,000 kW" );; line 7634 (wfb::source-text electricity austria production "50.2 billion kWh" );; line 7636 (wfb::source-text electricity austria consumption_per_capita "5,824 kWh (1993)" );; line 7638 (wfb::source-text industry austria "foods, iron and steel, machines, textiles, chemicals, electrical, paper and pulp, tourism, mining, motor vehicles" );; line 7642 (wfb::source-text agriculture austria "accounts for 3.2% of GDP (including forestry); principal crops and animals - grains, fruit, potatoes, sugar beets, sawn wood, cattle, pigs, poultry; 80%-90% self-sufficient in food" );; line 7647 (wfb::source-text illicit_drugs austria "transshipment point for Southwest Asian heroin transiting the Balkan route and Eastern Europe" );; line 7653 (wfb::source-text economic_aid austria donor "ODA and OOF commitments (1970-89), $2.4 billion" );; line 7659 (wfb::source-text currency austria "1 Austrian schilling (S) = 100 groschen" );; line 7663 (wfb::source-text exchange_rates austria "Austrian schillings (S) per US$1 - 10.774 (January 1995), 11.422 (1994), 11.632 (1993), 10.989 (1992), 11.676 (1991), 11.370 (1990)" );; line 7667 (wfb::source-text fiscal_year austria "calendar year" );; line 7672 (wfb::source-text railroads austria total "5,624 km" );; line 7678 (wfb::source-text railroads austria standard_gauge "5,269 km 1.435-m gauge (3,162 km electrified)" );; line 7680 (wfb::source-text railroads austria narrow_gauge "355 km 1.000-m and 0.760-m gauge (84 km electrified) (1994)" );; line 7682 (wfb::source-text highways austria total "110,000 km" );; line 7687 (wfb::source-text highways austria paved "35,000 km (including 1,554 km of autobahn)" );; line 7689 (wfb::source-text highways austria unpaved "mostly gravel and earth 75,000 km (1992)" );; line 7691 (wfb::source-text inland_waterways austria "446 km" );; line 7695 (wfb::source-text pipelines austria "crude oil 554 km; petroleum products 171 km; natural gas 2,611 km" );; line 7699 (wfb::source-text port austria "Linz, Vienna" );; line 7704 (wfb::source-text merchant_marine austria total "32 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 152,885 GRT/235,719 DWT" );; line 7709 (wfb::source-text merchant_marine austria ships_by_type "bulk 3, cargo 25, oil tanker 1, refrigerated cargo 2, roll-on/roll-off cargo 1" );; line 7711 (wfb::source-text airports austria total "55" );; line 7717 (wfb::source-text airports austria |with paved runways over 3,047 m| "1" );; line 7719 (wfb::source-text airports austria |with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m| "5" );; line 7721 (wfb::source-text airports austria |with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m| "1" );; line 7723 (wfb::source-text airports austria |with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m| "3" );; line 7725 (wfb::source-text airports austria with_paved_runways_under_914_m "41" );; line 7727 (wfb::source-text airports austria |with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m| "4" );; line 7729 (wfb::source-text telephone_system austria "4,014,000 telephones; highly developed and efficient" );; line 7734 (wfb::source-text telephone_system austria local "NA" );; line 7736 (wfb::source-text telephone_system austria intercity "NA" );; line 7738 (wfb::source-text telephone_system austria international "2 INTELSAT (1 Atlantic Ocean and 1 Indian Ocean), and EUTELSAT earth stations" );; line 7740 (wfb::source-text radio austria broadcast_stations "AM 6, FM 21 (repeaters 545), shortwave 0" );; line 7746 (wfb::source-text radio austria radios "NA" );; line 7748 (wfb::source-text television austria broadcast_stations "47 (repeaters 870)" );; line 7753 (wfb::source-text television austria televisions "NA" );; line 7755 (wfb::source-text defense_branch austria "Army (includes Flying Division)" );; line 7761 (wfb::source-text manpower_availability austria "males age 15-49 2,026,567; males fit for military service 1,695,879; males reach military age (19) annually 46,821 (1995 est.)" );; line 7765 (wfb::source-text defense_expenditures austria "exchange rate conversion - about $1.8 billion, 0.9% of GDP (1994)" );; line 7770 (wfb::source-text location azerbaijan "Southwestern Asia, bordering the Caspian Sea, between Iran and Russia" );; line 7789 (wfb::source-text map_references azerbaijan "Commonwealth of Independent States - European States" );; line 7794 (wfb::source-text area azerbaijan total_area "86,600 sq km" );; line 7799 (wfb::source-text area azerbaijan land_area "86,100 sq km" );; line 7801 (wfb::source-text area azerbaijan comparative_area "slightly larger than Maine" );; line 7803 (wfb::source-text borders azerbaijan "total 2,013 km, Armenia (west) 566 km, Armenia (southwest) 221 km, Georgia 322 km, Iran (south) 432 km, Iran (southwest) 179 km, Russia 284 km, Turkey 9 km" );; line 7811 (wfb::source-text coastline azerbaijan "0 km (landlocked)" );; line 7817 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims azerbaijan "none; landlocked" );; line 7823 (wfb::source-text international_disputes azerbaijan "violent and longstanding dispute with ethnic Armenians of Nagorno-Karabakh over its status; Caspian Sea boundaries are not yet determined" );; line 7827 (wfb::source-text climate azerbaijan "dry, semiarid steppe" );; line 7832 (wfb::source-text terrain azerbaijan "large, flat Kur-Araz Lowland (much of it below sea level) with Great Caucasus Mountains to the north, Qarabag (Karabakh) Upland in west; Baku lies on Abseron (Apsheron) Peninsula that juts into Caspian Sea" );; line 7836 (wfb::source-text natural-resource azerbaijan "petroleum, natural gas, iron ore, nonferrous metals, alumina" );; line 7842 (wfb::source-text land_use azerbaijan arable_land "18%" );; line 7847 (wfb::source-text land_use azerbaijan permanent_crops "4%" );; line 7849 (wfb::source-text land_use azerbaijan meadows_and_pastures "25%" );; line 7851 (wfb::source-text land_use azerbaijan forest_and_woodland "0%" );; line 7853 (wfb::source-text land_use azerbaijan other "53%" );; line 7855 (wfb::source-text irrigated_land azerbaijan "14,010 sq km (1990)" );; line 7859 (wfb::source-text environment azerbaijan current_issues "local scientists consider the Abseron (Apsheron) Peninsula (including Baku and Sumqayit) and the Caspian Sea to be the ecologically most devastated area in the world because of severe air, water, and soil pollution; soil pollution results from the use of DDT as a pesticide and also from toxic defoliants used in the production of cotton" );; line 7864 (wfb::source-text environment azerbaijan natural_hazards "droughts; some lowland areas threatened by rising levels of the Caspian Sea" );; line 7870 (wfb::source-text environment azerbaijan international_agreements "signed, but not ratified - Biodiversity, Climate Change" );; line 7873 (wfb::source-text note azerbaijan "landlocked" );; line 7877 (wfb::source-text population azerbaijan "7,789,886 (July 1995 est.)" );; line 7883 (wfb::source-text age_structure azerbaijan 0-14_years "33% (female 1,241,952; male 1,315,313)" );; line 7888 (wfb::source-text age_structure azerbaijan 15-64_years "61% (female 2,437,810; male 2,307,496)" );; line 7890 (wfb::source-text age_structure azerbaijan 65_years_and_over "6% (female 303,926; male 183,389) (July 1995 est.)" );; line 7892 (wfb::source-text population_growth_rate azerbaijan "1.32% (1995 est.)" );; line 7896 (wfb::source-text birth_rate azerbaijan "22.05 births/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 7900 (wfb::source-text death_rate azerbaijan "6.56 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 7904 (wfb::source-text net_migration_rate azerbaijan "-2.32 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 7908 (wfb::source-text infant_mortality_rate azerbaijan "33.9 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.)" );; line 7912 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth azerbaijan total_population "71.09 years" );; line 7917 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth azerbaijan male "67.4 years" );; line 7919 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth azerbaijan female "74.97 years (1995 est.)" );; line 7921 (wfb::source-text total_fertility_rate azerbaijan "2.64 children born/woman (1995 est.)" );; line 7925 (wfb::source-text nationality azerbaijan noun "Azerbaijani(s)" );; line 7930 (wfb::source-text nationality azerbaijan adjective "Azerbaijani" );; line 7932 (wfb::source-text ethnic-entity azerbaijan "Azeri 90%, Dagestani Peoples 3.2%, Russian 2.5%, Armenian 2.3%, other 2% (1995 est.)" );; line 7936 (wfb::source-text religion azerbaijan "Muslim 93.4%, Russian Orthodox 2.5%, Armenian Orthodox 2.3%, other 1.8% (1995 est.)" );; line 7944 (wfb::source-text language azerbaijan "Azeri 89%, Russian 3%, Armenian 2%, other 6% (1995 est.)" );; line 7952 (wfb::source-text literacy azerbaijan "age 15 and over can read and write (1989)" );; line 7956 (wfb::source-text literacy azerbaijan total_population "97%" );; line 7958 (wfb::source-text literacy azerbaijan male "99%" );; line 7960 (wfb::source-text literacy azerbaijan female "96%" );; line 7962 (wfb::source-text total_labor_force azerbaijan "2.789 million" );; line 7966 (wfb::source-text labor_force_by_occupation azerbaijan by_occupation "agriculture and forestry 32%, industry and construction 26%, other 42% (1990)" );; line 7968 (wfb::source-text names azerbaijan conventional_long_form "Azerbaijani Republic" );; line 7975 (wfb::source-text names azerbaijan conventional_short_form "Azerbaijan" );; line 7977 (wfb::source-text names azerbaijan local_long_form "Azarbaycan Respublikasi" );; line 7979 (wfb::source-text names azerbaijan local_short_form "none" );; line 7981 (wfb::source-text names azerbaijan former "Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic" );; line 7983 (wfb::source-text digraph azerbaijan "AJ" );; line 7987 (wfb::source-text type azerbaijan "republic" );; line 7991 (wfb::source-text capital azerbaijan "Baku (Baki)" );; line 7995 (wfb::source-text administrative_divisions azerbaijan "59 rayons (rayonlar; rayon - singular), 11 cities* (saharlar; sahar - singular), 1 autonomous republic** (muxtar respublika); Abscron Rayonu, Agcabadi Rayonu, Agdam Rayonu, Agdas Rayonu, Agstafa Rayonu, Agsu Rayonu, AliBayramli Sahari*, Astara Rayonu, Baki Sahari*, Balakan Rayonu, Barda Rayonu, Beylaqan Rayonu, Bilasuvar Rayonu, Cabrayil Rayonu, Calilabad Rayonu, Daskasan Rayonu, Davaci Rayonu, Fuzuli Rayonu, Gadabay Rayonu, Ganca Sahari*, Goranboy Rayonu, Goycay Rayonu, Haciqabul Rayonu, Imisli Rayonu, Ismayilli Rayonu, Kalbacar Rayonu, Kurdamir Rayonu, Lacin Rayonu, Lankaran Rayonu, Lankaran Sahari*, Lerik Rayonu, Masalli Rayonu, Mingacevir Sahari*, Naftalan Sahari*, Naxcivan Muxtar Respublikasi**, Neftcala Rayonu, Oguz Rayonu, Qabala Rayonu, Qax Rayonu, Qazax Rayonu, Qobustan Rayonu, Quba Rayonu, Qubadli Rayonu, Qusar Rayonu, Saatli Rayonu, Sabirabad Rayonu, Saki Rayonu, Saki Sahari*, Salyan Rayonu, Samaxi Rayonu, Samkir Rayonu, Samux Rayonu, Siyazan Rayonu, Sumqayit Sahari*, Susa Rayonu, Susa Sahari*, Tartar Rayonu, Tovuz Rayonu, Ucar Rayonu, Xacmaz Rayonu, Xankandi Sahari*, Xanlar Rayonu, Xizi Rayonu, Xocali Rayonu, Xocavand Rayonu, Yardimb Rayonu, Yevlax Rayonu, Yevlax Sahari*, Zangilan Rayonu, Zaqatala Rayonu, Zardab Rayonu" );; line 7999 (wfb::source-text independence azerbaijan "30 August 1991 (from Soviet Union)" );; line 8019 (wfb::source-text national_holiday azerbaijan "Independence Day, 28 May" );; line 8023 (wfb::source-text constitution azerbaijan "adopted NA April 1978; writing a new constitution" );; line 8027 (wfb::source-text legal_system azerbaijan "based on civil law system" );; line 8031 (wfb::source-text suffrage azerbaijan "18 years of age; universal" );; line 8035 (wfb::source-text executive_branch azerbaijan chief_of_state "President Heydar ALIYEV (since 18 June 1993); election last held 3 October 1993 (next to be held NA); results - Heydar ALIYEV won 97% of vote" );; line 8040 (wfb::source-text executive_branch azerbaijan head_of_government "Acting Prime Minister Fuad QULIYEV (since 9 October 1994); First Deputy Prime Ministers Abbas ABBASOV, Samed SADYKOV, Vahid AKHMEDOV (since NA)" );; line 8043 (wfb::source-text executive_branch azerbaijan cabinet "Council of Ministers; appointed by the president and confirmed by the Mejlis" );; line 8047 (wfb::source-text legislative_structure azerbaijan "unicameral" );; line 8052 (wfb::source-text legislative_branch azerbaijan |National Assembly (Milli Mejlis)| "elections last held 30 September and 14 October 1990 for the Supreme Soviet (next expected to be held September 1995 for the National Assembly); seats for Supreme Soviet - (360 total) Communists 280, Democratic Bloc 45 (grouping of opposition parties), other 15, vacant 20; note - on 19 May 1992 the Supreme Soviet was prorogued in favor of a Popular Front-dominated National Council; seats - (50 total) Popular Front 25, opposition elements 25" );; line 8054 (wfb::source-text judicial_branch azerbaijan "Supreme Court" );; line 8067 (wfb::source-text political_parties_and_leaders azerbaijan "Azerbaijan Popular Front (APF), Ebulfez ELCIBEY, chairman; Musavat Party, Isa GAMBAR, chairman; National Independence Party, Etibar MAMEDOV, chairman; Social Democratic Party (SDP), Araz ALIZADE, chairman; Communist Party, Ramiz AKHMEDOV, chairman; People's Freedom Party, Yunus OGUZ, chairman; Independent Social Democratic Party, Arif YUNUSOV and Leila YUNOSOVA, cochairmen; New Azerbaijan Party, Heydar ALIYEV, chairman; Boz Gurd Party, Iskander HAMIDOV, chairman; Azerbaijan Democratic Independence Party, Qabil HUSEYNLI, chairman; Islamic Party of Azerbaijan, Ali Akram, chairman; Ana Veten Party, Fazail AGAMALIYEV; Azerbaijan Democratic Party, Sardar Jalaloglu MAMEDOV; Azerbaijan Democratic Party of Proprietors (DPOP), Makhmud MAMEDOV; Azerbaijan Patriotic Solidarity Party, Sabir RUSTAMHANLI; Azerbaijan Republic Reform Party, Fuad ASADOV; Communist Party of Azerbaijan (unregistered), Sayad SAYADOV; Equality of the Peoples Party, Faukhraddin AYDAYEV; Independent Azerbaijan Party, Nizami SULEYMANOV; Labor Party of Azerbaijan, Sabutai HAJIYEV; Liberal-Democratic Party of Azerbaijan, Lyudmila NIKOLAYEVNA; National Enlightenment Party, Hajy Osman EFENDIYEV; National Liberation Party, Panak SHAKHSEVEV; Peasant Party, Firuz MUSTAFAYEV; Radical Party of Azerbaijan, Malik SHARIFOV; United Azerbaijan Party, Kerrar ABILOV; Vetan Adzhagy Party, Zakir TAGIYEV" );; line 8071 (wfb::source-text other_political_or_pressure_groups azerbaijan "self-proclaimed Armenian Nagorno-Karabakh Republic; Talysh independence movement" );; line 8092 (wfb::source-text member_of azerbaijan "BSEC, CCC, CIS, EBRD, ECE, ECO, ESCAP, IBRD, ICAO, IDB, IFAD, ILO, IMF, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, ITU, NACC, OIC, OSCE, PFP, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WMO" );; line 8097 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us azerbaijan chief_of_mission "Ambassador Hafiz Mir Jalal PASHAYEV" );; line 8104 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us azerbaijan chancery "(temporary) Suite 700, 927 15th Street NW, Washington, DC 20005" );; line 8106 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us azerbaijan telephone "[1] (202) 842-0001" );; line 8108 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us azerbaijan fax "[1] (202) 842-0004" );; line 8110 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation azerbaijan chief_of_mission "Ambassador Richard D. KAUZLARICH" );; line 8115 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation azerbaijan embassy "Azadliq Prospect 83, Baku" );; line 8117 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation azerbaijan mailing_address "use embassy street address" );; line 8119 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation azerbaijan telephone "[9] (9412) 96-00-19, 98-03-37" );; line 8121 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation azerbaijan fax "[9] (9412) 98-37-55" );; line 8123 (wfb::source-text flag azerbaijan "three equal horizontal bands of blue (top), red, and green; a crescent and eight-pointed star in white are centered in red band" );; line 8127 (wfb::source-text overview azerbaijan "Azerbaijan is less developed industrially than either Armenia or Georgia, the other Transcaucasian states. It resembles the Central Asian states in its majority nominally Muslim population, high structural unemployment, and low standard of living. The economy's most prominent products are oil, cotton, and gas. Production from the Caspian oil and gas field has been in decline for several years, but the November 1994 ratification of the $7.5 billion oil deal with a consortium of Western companies should generate the funds needed to spur future industrial development. Azerbaijan accounted for 1.5% to 2% of the capital stock and output of the former Soviet Union. Azerbaijan shares all the formidable problems of the ex-Soviet republics in making the transition from a command to a market economy, but its considerable energy resources brighten its long-term prospects. Baku has only recently begun making progress on economic reform, and old economic ties and structures have yet to be replaced." );; line 8133 (wfb::source-text national_product azerbaijan "GDP - purchasing power parity - $13.8 billion (1994 estimate as extrapolated from World Bank estimate for 1992)" );; line 8150 (wfb::source-text national_product_real_growth_rate azerbaijan "-22% (1994 est.)" );; line 8155 (wfb::source-text national_product_per_capita azerbaijan "$1,790 (1994 est.)" );; line 8159 (wfb::source-text |Inflation rate (consumer prices)| azerbaijan "28% monthly average (1994)" );; line 8163 (wfb::source-text unemployment_rate azerbaijan "0.9% includes officially registered unemployed; also large numbers of other unemployed and underemployed workers (December 1994)" );; line 8167 (wfb::source-text budget azerbaijan revenues "$167.5 million" );; line 8173 (wfb::source-text budget azerbaijan expenditures "$234.6 million, including capital expenditures of $NA (1994)" );; line 8175 (wfb::source-text exports azerbaijan "$366 million to non-FSU countries (f.o.b., 1994)" );; line 8179 (wfb::source-text exports azerbaijan commodities "oil and gas, chemicals, oilfield equipment, textiles, cotton (1991)" );; line 8181 (wfb::source-text exports azerbaijan partners "mostly CIS and European countries" );; line 8184 (wfb::source-text imports azerbaijan "$296 million from non-FSU countries (c.i.f., 1994)" );; line 8188 (wfb::source-text imports azerbaijan commodities "machinery and parts, consumer durables, foodstuffs, textiles (1991)" );; line 8190 (wfb::source-text imports azerbaijan partners "European countries" );; line 8193 (wfb::source-text external_debt azerbaijan "$NA" );; line 8197 (wfb::source-text industrial_production azerbaijan "growth rate -25% (1994)" );; line 8201 (wfb::source-text electricity azerbaijan capacity "4,900,000 kW" );; line 8206 (wfb::source-text electricity azerbaijan production "17.5 billion kWh" );; line 8208 (wfb::source-text electricity azerbaijan consumption_per_capita "2,270 kWh (1994)" );; line 8210 (wfb::source-text industry azerbaijan "petroleum and natural gas, petroleum products, oilfield equipment; steel, iron ore, cement; chemicals and petrochemicals; textiles" );; line 8214 (wfb::source-text agriculture azerbaijan "cotton, grain, rice, grapes, fruit, vegetables, tea, tobacco; cattle, pigs, sheep and goats" );; line 8219 (wfb::source-text illicit_drugs azerbaijan "illicit cultivator of cannabis and opium poppy; mostly for CIS consumption; limited government eradication program; transshipment point for illicit drugs to Western Europe" );; line 8224 (wfb::source-text economic_aid azerbaijan recipient "wheat from Turkey" );; line 8231 (wfb::source-text currency azerbaijan "1 manat = 100 gopik" );; line 8235 (wfb::source-text exchange_rates azerbaijan "manats per US$1 - 4500 (April 1995), 4168 (end of December 1994)" );; line 8239 (wfb::source-text fiscal_year azerbaijan "calendar year" );; line 8243 (wfb::source-text railroads azerbaijan total "2,090 km in common carrier service; does not include industrial lines" );; line 8249 (wfb::source-text railroads azerbaijan broad_gauge "2,090 km 1.520-m gauge (1990)" );; line 8252 (wfb::source-text highways azerbaijan total "36,700 km" );; line 8257 (wfb::source-text highways azerbaijan paved_or_graveled "31,800 km" );; line 8259 (wfb::source-text highways azerbaijan unpaved "earth 4,900 km (1990)" );; line 8261 (wfb::source-text pipelines azerbaijan "crude oil 1,130 km; petroleum products 630 km; natural gas 1,240 km" );; line 8265 (wfb::source-text port azerbaijan "Baku (Baki)" );; line 8270 (wfb::source-text airports azerbaijan total "69" );; line 8275 (wfb::source-text airports azerbaijan |with paved runways over 3,047 m| "2" );; line 8277 (wfb::source-text airports azerbaijan |with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m| "6" );; line 8279 (wfb::source-text airports azerbaijan |with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m| "17" );; line 8281 (wfb::source-text airports azerbaijan |with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m| "3" );; line 8283 (wfb::source-text airports azerbaijan with_paved_runways_under_914_m "1" );; line 8285 (wfb::source-text airports azerbaijan |with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m| "7" );; line 8287 (wfb::source-text airports azerbaijan with_unpaved_runways_under_914_m "33" );; line 8289 (wfb::source-text telephone_system azerbaijan "710,000 telephones; 90 telephones/1,000 persons (1991); 202,000 persons waiting for telephone installations (January 1991); domestic telephone service is of poor quality and inadequate" );; line 8294 (wfb::source-text telephone_system azerbaijan local "a joint venture to establish a cellular telephone system (Bakcel) in the Baku area is supposed to become operational in 1994" );; line 8298 (wfb::source-text telephone_system azerbaijan intercity "NA" );; line 8301 (wfb::source-text telephone_system azerbaijan international "connections to other former USSR republics by cable and microwave and to other countries via the Moscow international gateway switch; INTELSAT link installed in late 1992 in Baku with Turkish financial assistance with access to 200 countries through Turkey; since August 1993 an earth station near Baku has provided direct communications with New York through Russia's Stationar-11 satellite" );; line 8303 (wfb::source-text radio azerbaijan broadcast_stations "AM NA, FM NA, shortwave NA" );; line 8313 (wfb::source-text radio azerbaijan radios "NA" );; line 8315 (wfb::source-text television azerbaijan broadcast_stations "NA; domestic and Russian TV programs are received locally and Turkish and Iranian TV is received from an INTELSAT satellite through a receive-only earth station" );; line 8320 (wfb::source-text television azerbaijan televisions "NA" );; line 8324 (wfb::source-text defense_branch azerbaijan "Army, Air Force, Navy, Maritime Border Guard, National Guard, Security Forces (internal and border troops)" );; line 8330 (wfb::source-text manpower_availability azerbaijan "males age 15-49 1,927,955; males fit for military service 1,553,736; males reach military age (18) annually 68,407 (1995 est.)" );; line 8335 (wfb::source-text defense_expenditures azerbaijan "70.5 billion rubles, 10% of GDP (1993 budget allocation); note - conversion of the military budget into US dollars using the current exchange rate could produce misleading results" );; line 8340 (wfb::source-text location the_bahamas "Caribbean, chain of islands in the North Atlantic Ocean, southeast of Florida" );; line 8353 (wfb::source-text map_references the_bahamas "Central America and the Caribbean" );; line 8358 (wfb::source-text area the_bahamas total_area "13,940 sq km" );; line 8363 (wfb::source-text area the_bahamas land_area "10,070 sq km" );; line 8365 (wfb::source-text area the_bahamas comparative_area "slightly larger than Connecticut" );; line 8367 (wfb::source-text borders the_bahamas "0 km" );; line 8371 (wfb::source-text coastline the_bahamas "3,542 km" );; line 8375 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims the_bahamas continental_shelf "200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation" );; line 8380 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims the_bahamas exclusive_fishing_zone "200 nm" );; line 8382 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims the_bahamas territorial_sea "3 nm" );; line 8384 (wfb::source-text international_disputes the_bahamas "none" );; line 8388 (wfb::source-text climate the_bahamas "tropical marine; moderated by warm waters of Gulf Stream" );; line 8392 (wfb::source-text terrain the_bahamas "long, flat coral formations with some low rounded hills" );; line 8396 (wfb::source-text natural-resource the_bahamas "salt, aragonite, timber" );; line 8400 (wfb::source-text land_use the_bahamas arable_land "1%" );; line 8405 (wfb::source-text land_use the_bahamas permanent_crops "0%" );; line 8407 (wfb::source-text land_use the_bahamas meadows_and_pastures "0%" );; line 8409 (wfb::source-text land_use the_bahamas forest_and_woodland "32%" );; line 8411 (wfb::source-text land_use the_bahamas other "67%" );; line 8413 (wfb::source-text irrigated_land the_bahamas "NA sq km" );; line 8417 (wfb::source-text environment the_bahamas current_issues "coral reef decay" );; line 8422 (wfb::source-text environment the_bahamas natural_hazards "hurricanes and other tropical storms that cause extensive flood and wind damage" );; line 8424 (wfb::source-text environment the_bahamas international_agreements "party to - Biodiversity, Climate Change, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution" );; line 8427 (wfb::source-text note the_bahamas "strategic location adjacent to US and Cuba; extensive island chain" );; line 8433 (wfb::source-text population the_bahamas "256,616 (July 1995 est.)" );; line 8440 (wfb::source-text age_structure the_bahamas 0-14_years "28% (female 35,924; male 36,504)" );; line 8445 (wfb::source-text age_structure the_bahamas 15-64_years "66% (female 87,868; male 82,780)" );; line 8447 (wfb::source-text age_structure the_bahamas 65_years_and_over "6% (female 8,247; male 5,293) (July 1995 est.)" );; line 8449 (wfb::source-text population_growth_rate the_bahamas "1.09% (1995 est.)" );; line 8453 (wfb::source-text birth_rate the_bahamas "19.23 births/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 8457 (wfb::source-text death_rate the_bahamas "5.79 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 8461 (wfb::source-text net_migration_rate the_bahamas "-2.56 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 8465 (wfb::source-text infant_mortality_rate the_bahamas "24.3 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.)" );; line 8469 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth the_bahamas total_population "72.12 years" );; line 8474 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth the_bahamas male "67.37 years" );; line 8476 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth the_bahamas female "76.97 years (1995 est.)" );; line 8478 (wfb::source-text total_fertility_rate the_bahamas "2.01 children born/woman (1995 est.)" );; line 8482 (wfb::source-text nationality the_bahamas noun "Bahamian(s)" );; line 8487 (wfb::source-text nationality the_bahamas adjective "Bahamian" );; line 8489 (wfb::source-text ethnic-entity the_bahamas "black 85%, white 15%" );; line 8493 (wfb::source-text religion the_bahamas "Baptist 32%, Anglican 20%, Roman Catholic 19%, Methodist 6%, Church of God 6%, other Protestant 12%, none or unknown 3%, other 2%" );; line 8497 (wfb::source-text language the_bahamas "English, Creole (among Haitian immigrants)" );; line 8502 (wfb::source-text literacy the_bahamas "age 15 and over can read and write but definition of literary not available (1963 est.)" );; line 8506 (wfb::source-text literacy the_bahamas total_population "90%" );; line 8509 (wfb::source-text literacy the_bahamas male "90%" );; line 8511 (wfb::source-text literacy the_bahamas female "89%" );; line 8513 (wfb::source-text total_labor_force the_bahamas "136,900 (1993)" );; line 8517 (wfb::source-text labor_force_by_occupation the_bahamas by_occupation "government 30%, hotels and restaurants 25%, business services 10%, agriculture 5% (1989)" );; line 8519 (wfb::source-text names the_bahamas conventional_long_form "Commonwealth of The Bahamas" );; line 8526 (wfb::source-text names the_bahamas conventional_short_form "The Bahamas" );; line 8528 (wfb::source-text digraph the_bahamas "BF" );; line 8532 (wfb::source-text type the_bahamas "commonwealth" );; line 8536 (wfb::source-text capital the_bahamas "Nassau" );; line 8540 (wfb::source-text administrative_divisions the_bahamas "21 districts; Acklins and Crooked Islands, Bimini, Cat Island, Exuma, Freeport, Fresh Creek, Governor's Harbour, Green Turtle Cay, Harbour Island, High Rock, Inagua, Kemps Bay, Long Island, Marsh Harbour, Mayaguana, New Providence, Nicholls Town and Berry Islands, Ragged Island, Rock Sound, Sandy Point, San Salvador and Rum Cay" );; line 8544 (wfb::source-text independence the_bahamas "10 July 1973 (from UK)" );; line 8552 (wfb::source-text national_holiday the_bahamas "National Day, 10 July (1973)" );; line 8556 (wfb::source-text constitution the_bahamas "10 July 1973" );; line 8560 (wfb::source-text legal_system the_bahamas "based on English common law" );; line 8564 (wfb::source-text suffrage the_bahamas "18 years of age; universal" );; line 8568 (wfb::source-text executive_branch the_bahamas chief_of_state "Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952), represented by Governor General Sir Clifford DARLING (since 2 January 1992)" );; line 8573 (wfb::source-text executive_branch the_bahamas head_of_government "Prime Minister Hubert A. INGRAHAM (since 19 August 1992)" );; line 8576 (wfb::source-text executive_branch the_bahamas cabinet "Cabinet; appointed by the governor on the prime minister's recommendation" );; line 8578 (wfb::source-text legislative_structure the_bahamas "bicameral Parliament" );; line 8583 (wfb::source-text legislative_branch the_bahamas senate "a 16-member body appointed by the governor general" );; line 8585 (wfb::source-text legislative_branch the_bahamas house_of_assembly "elections last held 19 August 1992 (next to be held by August 1997); results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (49 total) FNM 32, PLP 17" );; line 8587 (wfb::source-text judicial_branch the_bahamas "Supreme Court" );; line 8593 (wfb::source-text political_parties_and_leaders the_bahamas "Progressive Liberal Party (PLP), Sir Lynden O. PINDLING; Free National Movement (FNM), Hubert Alexander INGRAHAM;" );; line 8597 (wfb::source-text member_of the_bahamas "ACP, C, CARICOM, CCC, CDB, ECLAC, FAO, G-77, IADB, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, INMARSAT, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, ITU, NAM, OAS, OPANAL, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO" );; line 8602 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us the_bahamas chief_of_mission "Ambassador Timothy Baswell DONALDSON" );; line 8609 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us the_bahamas chancery "2220 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008" );; line 8611 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us the_bahamas telephone "[1] (202) 319-2660" );; line 8613 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us the_bahamas fax "[1] (202) 319-2668" );; line 8615 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us the_bahamas |consulate(s) general| "Miami and New York" );; line 8617 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation the_bahamas chief_of_mission "Ambassador Sidney WILLIAMS" );; line 8622 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation the_bahamas embassy "Mosmar Building, Queen Street, Nassau" );; line 8624 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation the_bahamas mailing_address "P. O. Box N-8197, Nassau" );; line 8626 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation the_bahamas telephone "[1] (809) 322-1181, 328-2206" );; line 8628 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation the_bahamas fax "[1] (809) 328-7838" );; line 8630 (wfb::source-text flag the_bahamas "three equal horizontal bands of aquamarine (top), gold, and aquamarine with a black equilateral triangle based on the hoist side" );; line 8634 (wfb::source-text overview the_bahamas "The Bahamas is a stable, developing nation whose economy is based primarily on tourism and offshore banking. Tourism alone provides about 50% of GDP and directly or indirectly employs about 50,000 people or 40% of the local work force. The economy has slackened in recent years, as the annual increase in the number of tourists slowed. Nonetheless, per capita GDP is one of the highest in the region." );; line 8640 (wfb::source-text national_product the_bahamas "GDP - purchasing power parity - $4.4 billion (1994 est.)" );; line 8649 (wfb::source-text national_product_real_growth_rate the_bahamas "3.5% (1994 est.)" );; line 8653 (wfb::source-text national_product_per_capita the_bahamas "$15,900 (1994 est.)" );; line 8657 (wfb::source-text |Inflation rate (consumer prices)| the_bahamas "2.7% (1994)" );; line 8661 (wfb::source-text unemployment_rate the_bahamas "13.1% (1993)" );; line 8665 (wfb::source-text budget the_bahamas revenues "$696 million" );; line 8670 (wfb::source-text budget the_bahamas expenditures "$756 million, including capital expenditures of $NA (FY94/95)" );; line 8672 (wfb::source-text exports the_bahamas "$257 million (f.o.b., 1993 est.)" );; line 8676 (wfb::source-text exports the_bahamas commodities "pharmaceuticals, cement, rum, crawfish, refined petroleum products" );; line 8678 (wfb::source-text exports the_bahamas partners "US 51%, UK 7%, Norway 7%, France 6%, Italy 5%" );; line 8681 (wfb::source-text imports the_bahamas "$1.15 billion (f.o.b,,1993 est.)" );; line 8685 (wfb::source-text imports the_bahamas commodities "foodstuffs, manufactured goods, crude oil, vehicles, electronics" );; line 8687 (wfb::source-text imports the_bahamas partners "US 55%, Japan 17%, Nigeria 12%, Denmark 7%, Norway 6%" );; line 8689 (wfb::source-text external_debt the_bahamas "$455 million (December 1993)" );; line 8693 (wfb::source-text industrial_production the_bahamas "growth rate 3% (1990); accounts for 15% of GDP" );; line 8697 (wfb::source-text electricity the_bahamas capacity "424,000 kW" );; line 8702 (wfb::source-text electricity the_bahamas production "929 million kWh" );; line 8704 (wfb::source-text electricity the_bahamas consumption_per_capita "3,200 kWh (1993)" );; line 8706 (wfb::source-text industry the_bahamas "tourism, banking, cement, oil refining and transshipment, salt production, rum, aragonite, pharmaceuticals, spiral welded steel pipe" );; line 8710 (wfb::source-text agriculture the_bahamas "accounts for 5% of GDP; dominated by small-scale producers; principal products - citrus fruit, vegetables, poultry; large net importer of food" );; line 8715 (wfb::source-text illicit_drugs the_bahamas "transshipment point for cocaine and marijuana bound for US and Europe; also a money-laundering center" );; line 8721 (wfb::source-text economic_aid the_bahamas recipient "US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY85-89), $1 million; Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-89), $345 million" );; line 8727 (wfb::source-text currency the_bahamas "1 Bahamian dollar (B$) = 100 cents" );; line 8732 (wfb::source-text exchange_rates the_bahamas "Bahamian dollar (B$) per US$1 - 1.00 (fixed rate)" );; line 8736 (wfb::source-text fiscal_year the_bahamas "1 July - 30 June" );; line 8740 (wfb::source-text railroads the_bahamas "0 km" );; line 8745 (wfb::source-text highways the_bahamas total "2,400 km" );; line 8750 (wfb::source-text highways the_bahamas paved "1,350 km" );; line 8752 (wfb::source-text highways the_bahamas unpaved "gravel 1,050 km" );; line 8754 (wfb::source-text port the_bahamas "Freeport, Matthew Town, Nassau" );; line 8758 (wfb::source-text merchant_marine the_bahamas total "936 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 21,815,474 GRT/35,253,416 DWT" );; line 8763 (wfb::source-text merchant_marine the_bahamas ships_by_type "bulk 162, cargo 181, chemical tanker 39, combination bulk 9, combination ore/oil 19, container 52, liquefied gas tanker 20, oil tanker 182, passenger 55, refrigerated cargo 146, roll-on/roll-off cargo 43, short-sea passenger 16, vehicle carrier 12" );; line 8766 (wfb::source-text airports the_bahamas total "60" );; line 8778 (wfb::source-text airports the_bahamas |with paved runways over 3,047 m| "2" );; line 8780 (wfb::source-text airports the_bahamas |with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m| "1" );; line 8782 (wfb::source-text airports the_bahamas |with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m| "16" );; line 8784 (wfb::source-text airports the_bahamas |with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m| "11" );; line 8786 (wfb::source-text airports the_bahamas with_paved_runways_under_914_m "22" );; line 8788 (wfb::source-text airports the_bahamas |with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m| "8" );; line 8790 (wfb::source-text telephone_system the_bahamas "99,000 telephones; totally automatic system; highly developed" );; line 8795 (wfb::source-text telephone_system the_bahamas local "NA" );; line 8797 (wfb::source-text telephone_system the_bahamas intercity "NA" );; line 8799 (wfb::source-text telephone_system the_bahamas international "tropospheric scatter and submarine cable links to Florida; 3 coaxial submarine cables; 1 INTELSAT (Atlantic Ocean) earth station" );; line 8801 (wfb::source-text radio the_bahamas broadcast_stations "AM 3, FM 2, shortwave 0" );; line 8807 (wfb::source-text radio the_bahamas radios "NA" );; line 8809 (wfb::source-text television the_bahamas broadcast_stations "1" );; line 8814 (wfb::source-text television the_bahamas televisions "NA" );; line 8816 (wfb::source-text defense_branch the_bahamas "Royal Bahamas Defense Force (Coast Guard only), Royal Bahamas Police Force" );; line 8822 (wfb::source-text defense_expenditures the_bahamas "exchange rate conversion - $65 million, 2.7% of GDP (1990)" );; line 8827 (wfb::source-text location bahrain "Middle East, archipelago in the Persian Gulf, east of Saudi Arabia" );; line 8837 (wfb::source-text map_references bahrain "Middle East" );; line 8842 (wfb::source-text area bahrain total_area "620 sq km" );; line 8847 (wfb::source-text area bahrain land_area "620 sq km" );; line 8849 (wfb::source-text area bahrain comparative_area "slightly less than 3.5 times the size of Washington, DC" );; line 8851 (wfb::source-text borders bahrain "0 km" );; line 8855 (wfb::source-text coastline bahrain "161 km" );; line 8859 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims bahrain contiguous_zone "24 nm" );; line 8864 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims bahrain continental_shelf "extending to boundaries to be determined" );; line 8866 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims bahrain territorial_sea "12 nm" );; line 8868 (wfb::source-text international_disputes bahrain "territorial dispute with Qatar over the Hawar Islands; maritime boundary with Qatar" );; line 8872 (wfb::source-text climate bahrain "arid; mild, pleasant winters; very hot, humid summers" );; line 8877 (wfb::source-text terrain bahrain "mostly low desert plain rising gently to low central escarpment" );; line 8881 (wfb::source-text natural-resource bahrain "oil, associated and nonassociated natural gas, fish" );; line 8885 (wfb::source-text land_use bahrain arable_land "2%" );; line 8890 (wfb::source-text land_use bahrain permanent_crops "2%" );; line 8892 (wfb::source-text land_use bahrain meadows_and_pastures "6%" );; line 8894 (wfb::source-text land_use bahrain forest_and_woodland "0%" );; line 8896 (wfb::source-text land_use bahrain other "90%" );; line 8898 (wfb::source-text irrigated_land bahrain "10 sq km (1989 est.)" );; line 8902 (wfb::source-text environment bahrain current_issues "desertification resulting from the degradation of limited arable land, periods of drought, and dust storms; coastal degradation (damage to coastlines, coral reefs, and sea vegetation) resulting from oil spills and other discharges from large tankers, oil refineries, and distribution stations; no natural fresh water resources so that groundwater and sea water are the only sources for all water needs" );; line 8907 (wfb::source-text environment bahrain natural_hazards "periodic droughts; dust storms" );; line 8914 (wfb::source-text environment bahrain international_agreements "party to - Climate Change, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection; signed, but not ratified - Biodiversity" );; line 8916 (wfb::source-text note bahrain "close to primary Middle Eastern petroleum sources; strategic location in Persian Gulf through which much of Western world's petroleum must transit to reach open ocean" );; line 8921 (wfb::source-text population bahrain "575,925 (July 1995 est.)" );; line 8929 (wfb::source-text age_structure bahrain 0-14_years "31% (female 87,398; male 89,976)" );; line 8934 (wfb::source-text age_structure bahrain 15-64_years "67% (female 152,363; male 231,586)" );; line 8936 (wfb::source-text age_structure bahrain 65_years_and_over "2% (female 7,051; male 7,551) (July 1995 est.)" );; line 8938 (wfb::source-text population_growth_rate bahrain "2.58% (1995 est.)" );; line 8942 (wfb::source-text birth_rate bahrain "24.12 births/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 8946 (wfb::source-text death_rate bahrain "3.31 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 8950 (wfb::source-text net_migration_rate bahrain "4.95 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 8954 (wfb::source-text infant_mortality_rate bahrain "18 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.)" );; line 8958 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth bahrain total_population "73.94 years" );; line 8963 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth bahrain male "71.46 years" );; line 8965 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth bahrain female "76.49 years (1995 est.)" );; line 8967 (wfb::source-text total_fertility_rate bahrain "3.12 children born/woman (1995 est.)" );; line 8971 (wfb::source-text nationality bahrain noun "Bahraini(s)" );; line 8976 (wfb::source-text nationality bahrain adjective "Bahraini" );; line 8978 (wfb::source-text ethnic-entity bahrain "Bahraini 63%, Asian 13%, other Arab 10%, Iranian 8%, other 6%" );; line 8982 (wfb::source-text religion bahrain "Shi'a Muslim 70%, Sunni Muslim 30%" );; line 8986 (wfb::source-text language bahrain "Arabic, English, Farsi, Urdu" );; line 8990 (wfb::source-text literacy bahrain "age 15 and over can read and write (1991)" );; line 8994 (wfb::source-text literacy bahrain total_population "84%" );; line 8996 (wfb::source-text literacy bahrain male "89%" );; line 8998 (wfb::source-text literacy bahrain female "77%" );; line 9000 (wfb::source-text total_labor_force bahrain "140,000" );; line 9004 (wfb::source-text labor_force_by_occupation bahrain by_occupation "industry and commerce 85%, agriculture 5%, services 5%, government 3% (1982)" );; line 9006 (wfb::source-text names bahrain conventional_long_form "State of Bahrain" );; line 9015 (wfb::source-text names bahrain conventional_short_form "Bahrain" );; line 9017 (wfb::source-text names bahrain local_long_form "Dawlat al Bahrayn" );; line 9019 (wfb::source-text names bahrain local_short_form "Al Bahrayn" );; line 9021 (wfb::source-text digraph bahrain "BA" );; line 9025 (wfb::source-text type bahrain "traditional monarchy" );; line 9029 (wfb::source-text capital bahrain "Manama" );; line 9033 (wfb::source-text administrative_divisions bahrain "12 districts (manatiq, singular - mintaqah); Al Hadd, Al Manamah, Al Mintaqah al Gharbiyah, Al Mintaqah al Wusta, Al Mintaqah ash Shamaliyah, Al Muharraq, Ar Rifa'wa al Mintaqah al Janubiyah, Jidd Hafs, Madinat Hamad, Madinat 'Isa, Mintaqat Juzur Hawar, Sitrah" );; line 9037 (wfb::source-text independence bahrain "15 August 1971 (from UK)" );; line 9044 (wfb::source-text national_holiday bahrain "Independence Day, 16 December (1961)" );; line 9048 (wfb::source-text constitution bahrain "26 May 1973, effective 6 December 1973" );; line 9052 (wfb::source-text legal_system bahrain "based on Islamic law and English common law" );; line 9056 (wfb::source-text suffrage bahrain "none" );; line 9060 (wfb::source-text executive_branch bahrain chief_of_state "Amir ISA bin Salman Al Khalifa (since 2 November 1961); Heir Apparent HAMAD bin Isa bin Salman Al Khalifa (son of the Amir, born 28 January 1950)" );; line 9065 (wfb::source-text executive_branch bahrain head_of_government "Prime Minister KHALIFA bin Salman Al Khalifa (since 19 January 1970)" );; line 9069 (wfb::source-text executive_branch bahrain cabinet "Cabinet" );; line 9072 (wfb::source-text legislative_structure bahrain "unicameral National Assembly was dissolved 26 August 1975 and legislative powers were assumed by the Cabinet; appointed Advisory Council established 16 December 1992" );; line 9076 (wfb::source-text judicial_branch bahrain "High Civil Appeals Court" );; line 9082 (wfb::source-text political_parties_and_leaders bahrain "political parties prohibited; several small, clandestine leftist and Islamic fundamentalist groups are active" );; line 9086 (wfb::source-text member_of bahrain "ABEDA, AFESD, AL, AMF, ESCWA, FAO, G-77, GATT, GCC, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDB, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, INMARSAT, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, ISO (correspondent), ITU, NAM, OAPEC, OIC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WMO" );; line 9091 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us bahrain chief_of_mission "Ambassador Muhammad ABD AL-GHAFFAR al-Abdallah" );; line 9098 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us bahrain chancery "3502 International Drive NW, Washington, DC 20008" );; line 9100 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us bahrain telephone "[1] (202) 342-0741, 342-0742" );; line 9102 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us bahrain |consulate(s) general| "New York" );; line 9104 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation bahrain chief_of_mission "Ambassador David M. RANSOM" );; line 9109 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation bahrain embassy "Building No. 979, Road 3119 (next to Ahli Sports Club), Zinj District, Manama" );; line 9111 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation bahrain mailing_address "FPO AE 09834-5100; P.O. Box 26431, Manama (International Mail)" );; line 9114 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation bahrain telephone "[973] 273300; afterhours [973] 275-126" );; line 9116 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation bahrain fax "[973] 272594" );; line 9118 (wfb::source-text flag bahrain "red with a white serrated band (eight white points) on the hoist side" );; line 9122 (wfb::source-text overview bahrain "Tiny in area, Bahrain is well-to-do in economic resources and per capita income. Petroleum production and processing account for about 80% of export receipts, 60% of government revenues, and 30% of GDP. Economic conditions have fluctuated with the changing fortunes of oil since 1985, for example, during and following the Gulf crisis of 1990-91. With its highly developed communication and transport facilities Bahrain is home to numerous multinational firms with business in the Gulf. A large share of exports consists of petroleum products made from imported crude. Prospects for 1995 are good, with private enterprise the main driving force, e.g., in banking and construction. Unemployment, especially among the young, and the depletion of both oil and underground water resources are major long-term economic problems." );; line 9128 (wfb::source-text national_product bahrain "GDP - purchasing power parity - $7.1 billion (1994 est.)" );; line 9142 (wfb::source-text national_product_real_growth_rate bahrain "2.2% (1994 est.)" );; line 9146 (wfb::source-text national_product_per_capita bahrain "$12,100 (1994 est.)" );; line 9150 (wfb::source-text |Inflation rate (consumer prices)| bahrain "2% (1994 est.)" );; line 9154 (wfb::source-text unemployment_rate bahrain "15% (1991 est.)" );; line 9158 (wfb::source-text budget bahrain revenues "$1.2 billion (1989)" );; line 9163 (wfb::source-text budget bahrain expenditures "$1.6 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA (1992)" );; line 9165 (wfb::source-text exports bahrain "$3.69 billion (f.o.b., 1993 est.)" );; line 9169 (wfb::source-text exports bahrain commodities "petroleum and petroleum products 80%, aluminum 7%" );; line 9171 (wfb::source-text exports bahrain partners "Japan 11%, UAE 5%, South Korea 4%, India 4%, Saudi Arabia 3% (1992)" );; line 9173 (wfb::source-text imports bahrain "$3.83 billion (f.o.b., 1993 est.)" );; line 9178 (wfb::source-text imports bahrain commodities "nonoil 59%, crude oil 41%" );; line 9180 (wfb::source-text imports bahrain partners "Saudi Arabia 47%, UK 7%, Japan 7%, US 6%, Germany 5% (1992)" );; line 9182 (wfb::source-text external_debt bahrain "$2.6 billion (1993)" );; line 9186 (wfb::source-text industrial_production bahrain "growth rate 13% (1992); accounts for 38% of GDP, including petroleum" );; line 9190 (wfb::source-text electricity bahrain capacity "1,050,000 kW" );; line 9196 (wfb::source-text electricity bahrain production "3.3 billion kWh" );; line 9198 (wfb::source-text electricity bahrain consumption_per_capita "5,453 kWh (1993)" );; line 9200 (wfb::source-text industry bahrain "petroleum processing and refining, aluminum smelting, offshore banking, ship repairing" );; line 9204 (wfb::source-text agriculture bahrain "including fishing, accounts for less than 2% of GDP; not self-sufficient in food production; heavily subsidized sector produces fruit, vegetables, poultry, dairy products, shrimp, fish" );; line 9209 (wfb::source-text economic_aid bahrain recipient "US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-79), $24 million; Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-89), $45 million; OPEC bilateral aid (1979-89), $9.8 billion" );; line 9216 (wfb::source-text currency bahrain "1 Bahraini dinar (BD) = 1,000 fils" );; line 9222 (wfb::source-text exchange_rates bahrain "Bahraini dinars (BD) per US$1 - 0.3760 (fixed rate)" );; line 9226 (wfb::source-text fiscal_year bahrain "calendar year" );; line 9230 (wfb::source-text railroads bahrain "0 km" );; line 9235 (wfb::source-text highways bahrain total "2,670 km" );; line 9240 (wfb::source-text highways bahrain paved "2,010 km" );; line 9242 (wfb::source-text highways bahrain unpaved "660 km (1991 est.)" );; line 9244 (wfb::source-text pipelines bahrain "crude oil 56 km; petroleum products 16 km; natural gas 32 km" );; line 9248 (wfb::source-text port bahrain "Manama, Mina' Salman, Sitrah" );; line 9252 (wfb::source-text merchant_marine bahrain total "6 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 79,949 GRT/120,900 DWT" );; line 9257 (wfb::source-text merchant_marine bahrain ships_by_type "bulk 1, cargo 4, chemical tanker 1" );; line 9259 (wfb::source-text airports bahrain total "4" );; line 9264 (wfb::source-text airports bahrain |with paved runways over 3,047 m| "2" );; line 9266 (wfb::source-text airports bahrain with_paved_runways_under_914_m "1" );; line 9268 (wfb::source-text airports bahrain |with unpaved runways 1,524 to 2,438 m| "1" );; line 9270 (wfb::source-text telephone_system bahrain "98,000 telephones; 170 telephones/1,000 persons; modern system; good domestic services; excellent international connections" );; line 9275 (wfb::source-text telephone_system bahrain local "NA" );; line 9278 (wfb::source-text telephone_system bahrain intercity "NA" );; line 9280 (wfb::source-text telephone_system bahrain international "2 INTELSAT (1 Atlantic Ocean and 1 Indian Ocean) and 1 ARABSAT earth station; tropospheric scatter to Qatar, UAE; microwave radio relay to Saudi Arabia; submarine cable to Qatar, UAE, and Saudi Arabia" );; line 9282 (wfb::source-text radio bahrain broadcast_stations "AM 2, FM 3, shortwave 0" );; line 9289 (wfb::source-text radio bahrain radios "60 million" );; line 9291 (wfb::source-text television bahrain broadcast_stations "2" );; line 9296 (wfb::source-text television bahrain televisions "21 million" );; line 9298 (wfb::source-text defense_branch bahrain "Army, Navy, Air Force, Air Defense, Coast Guard, Police Force" );; line 9304 (wfb::source-text manpower_availability bahrain "males age 15-49 210,725; males fit for military service 117,414; males reach military age (15) annually 4,346 (1995 est.)" );; line 9308 (wfb::source-text defense_expenditures bahrain "exchange rate conversion - $247 million, 5.5% of GDP (1994)" );; line 9313 (wfb::source-text location baker_island "Oceania, atoll in the North Pacific Ocean, about one-half of the way from Hawaii to Australia" );; line 9323 (wfb::source-text map_references baker_island "Oceania" );; line 9328 (wfb::source-text area baker_island total_area "1.4 sq km" );; line 9333 (wfb::source-text area baker_island land_area "1.4 sq km" );; line 9335 (wfb::source-text area baker_island comparative_area "about 2.3 times the size of The Mall in Washington, DC" );; line 9337 (wfb::source-text borders baker_island "0 km" );; line 9341 (wfb::source-text coastline baker_island "4.8 km" );; line 9345 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims baker_island exclusive_economic_zone "200 nm" );; line 9350 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims baker_island territorial_sea "12 nm" );; line 9352 (wfb::source-text international_disputes baker_island "none" );; line 9356 (wfb::source-text climate baker_island "equatorial; scant rainfall, constant wind, burning sun" );; line 9360 (wfb::source-text terrain baker_island "low, nearly level coral island surrounded by a narrow fringing reef" );; line 9364 (wfb::source-text natural-resource baker_island "guano (deposits worked until 1891)" );; line 9369 (wfb::source-text land_use baker_island arable_land "0%" );; line 9374 (wfb::source-text land_use baker_island permanent_crops "0%" );; line 9376 (wfb::source-text land_use baker_island meadows_and_pastures "0%" );; line 9378 (wfb::source-text land_use baker_island forest_and_woodland "0%" );; line 9380 (wfb::source-text land_use baker_island other "100%" );; line 9382 (wfb::source-text irrigated_land baker_island "0 sq km" );; line 9386 (wfb::source-text environment baker_island current_issues "no natural fresh water resources" );; line 9391 (wfb::source-text environment baker_island natural_hazards "the narrow fringing reef surrounding the island can be a maritime hazard" );; line 9393 (wfb::source-text environment baker_island international_agreements "NA" );; line 9396 (wfb::source-text note baker_island "treeless, sparse, and scattered vegetation consisting of grasses, prostrate vines, and low growing shrubs; primarily a nesting, roosting, and foraging habitat for seabirds, shorebirds, and marine wildlife" );; line 9400 (wfb::source-text population baker_island "uninhabited; note - American civilians evacuated in 1942 after Japanese air and naval attacks during World War II; occupied by US military during World War II, but abandoned after the war; public entry is by special-use permit only and generally restricted to scientists and educators; a cemetery and cemetery ruins are located near the middle of the west coast" );; line 9408 (wfb::source-text names baker_island conventional_long_form "none" );; line 9418 (wfb::source-text names baker_island conventional_short_form "Baker Island" );; line 9420 (wfb::source-text digraph baker_island "FQ" );; line 9424 (wfb::source-text type baker_island "unincorporated territory of the US administered by the Fish and Wildlife Service of the US Department of the Interior as part of the National Wildlife Refuge system" );; line 9428 (wfb::source-text capital baker_island "none; administered from Washington, DC" );; line 9434 (wfb::source-text overview baker_island "no economic activity" );; line 9439 (wfb::source-text port baker_island "none; offshore anchorage only; note - there is one boat landing area along the middle of the west coast" );; line 9444 (wfb::source-text airports baker_island "1 abandoned World War II runway of 1,665 m" );; line 9449 (wfb::source-text note baker_island "there is a day beacon near the middle of the west coast" );; line 9453 (wfb::source-text note baker_island "defense is the responsibility of the US; visited annually by the US Coast Guard" );; line 9463 (wfb::source-text location bangladesh "Southern Asia, bordering the Bay of Bengal, between Burma and India" );; line 9474 (wfb::source-text map_references bangladesh "Asia" );; line 9479 (wfb::source-text area bangladesh total_area "144,000 sq km" );; line 9484 (wfb::source-text area bangladesh land_area "133,910 sq km" );; line 9486 (wfb::source-text area bangladesh comparative_area "slightly smaller than Wisconsin" );; line 9488 (wfb::source-text borders bangladesh "total 4,246 km, Burma 193 km, India 4,053 km" );; line 9492 (wfb::source-text coastline bangladesh "580 km" );; line 9496 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims bangladesh contiguous_zone "18 nm" );; line 9501 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims bangladesh continental_shelf "up to the outer limits of the continental margin" );; line 9503 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims bangladesh exclusive_economic_zone "200 nm" );; line 9505 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims bangladesh territorial_sea "12 nm" );; line 9507 (wfb::source-text international_disputes bangladesh "a portion of the boundary with India is in dispute; water-sharing problems with upstream riparian India over the Ganges" );; line 9511 (wfb::source-text climate bangladesh "tropical; cool, dry winter (October to March); hot, humid summer (March to June); cool, rainy monsoon (June to October)" );; line 9516 (wfb::source-text terrain bangladesh "mostly flat alluvial plain; hilly in southeast" );; line 9521 (wfb::source-text natural-resource bangladesh "natural gas, arable land, timber" );; line 9525 (wfb::source-text land_use bangladesh arable_land "67%" );; line 9530 (wfb::source-text land_use bangladesh permanent_crops "2%" );; line 9532 (wfb::source-text land_use bangladesh meadows_and_pastures "4%" );; line 9534 (wfb::source-text land_use bangladesh forest_and_woodland "16%" );; line 9536 (wfb::source-text land_use bangladesh other "11%" );; line 9538 (wfb::source-text irrigated_land bangladesh "27,380 sq km (1989)" );; line 9542 (wfb::source-text environment bangladesh current_issues "many people are landless and forced to live on and cultivate flood-prone land; limited access to potable water; water-borne diseases prevalent; water pollution especially of fishing areas results from the use of commercial pesticides; intermittent water shortages because of falling water tables in the northern and central parts of the country; soil degradation; deforestation; severe overpopulation" );; line 9547 (wfb::source-text environment bangladesh natural_hazards "droughts, cyclones; much of the country routinely flooded during the summer monsoon season" );; line 9554 (wfb::source-text environment bangladesh international_agreements "party to - Biodiversity, Climate Change, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands; signed, but not ratified - Desertification, Law of the Sea" );; line 9557 (wfb::source-text population bangladesh "128,094,948 (July 1995 est.)" );; line 9565 (wfb::source-text age_structure bangladesh 0-14_years "40% (female 25,195,262; male 26,352,299)" );; line 9570 (wfb::source-text age_structure bangladesh 15-64_years "57% (female 34,862,105; male 37,867,705)" );; line 9572 (wfb::source-text age_structure bangladesh 65_years_and_over "3% (female 1,761,336; male 2,056,241) (July 1995 est.)" );; line 9574 (wfb::source-text population_growth_rate bangladesh "2.32% (1995 est.)" );; line 9578 (wfb::source-text birth_rate bangladesh "34.62 births/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 9582 (wfb::source-text death_rate bangladesh "11.43 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 9586 (wfb::source-text net_migration_rate bangladesh "0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 9590 (wfb::source-text infant_mortality_rate bangladesh "104.6 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.)" );; line 9594 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth bangladesh total_population "55.46 years" );; line 9599 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth bangladesh male "55.69 years" );; line 9601 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth bangladesh female "55.22 years (1995 est.)" );; line 9603 (wfb::source-text total_fertility_rate bangladesh "4.39 children born/woman (1995 est.)" );; line 9607 (wfb::source-text nationality bangladesh noun "Bangladeshi(s)" );; line 9612 (wfb::source-text nationality bangladesh adjective "Bangladesh" );; line 9614 (wfb::source-text ethnic-entity bangladesh "Bengali 98%, Biharis 250,000, tribals less than 1 million" );; line 9618 (wfb::source-text religion bangladesh "Muslim 83%, Hindu 16%, Buddhist, Christian, other" );; line 9622 (wfb::source-text language bangladesh "Bangla (official), English" );; line 9626 (wfb::source-text literacy bangladesh "age 15 and over can read and write (1990)" );; line 9630 (wfb::source-text literacy bangladesh total_population "35%" );; line 9632 (wfb::source-text literacy bangladesh male "47%" );; line 9634 (wfb::source-text literacy bangladesh female "22%" );; line 9636 (wfb::source-text total_labor_force bangladesh "50.1 million" );; line 9640 (wfb::source-text labor_force_by_occupation bangladesh by_occupation "agriculture 65%, services 21%, industry and mining 14% (1989)" );; line 9642 (wfb::source-text names bangladesh conventional_long_form "People's Republic of Bangladesh" );; line 9650 (wfb::source-text names bangladesh conventional_short_form "Bangladesh" );; line 9652 (wfb::source-text names bangladesh former "East Pakistan" );; line 9654 (wfb::source-text digraph bangladesh "BG" );; line 9658 (wfb::source-text type bangladesh "republic" );; line 9662 (wfb::source-text capital bangladesh "Dhaka" );; line 9666 (wfb::source-text administrative_divisions bangladesh "4 divisions; Chittagong, Dhaka, Khulna, Rajshahi" );; line 9670 (wfb::source-text independence bangladesh "16 December 1971 (from Pakistan)" );; line 9674 (wfb::source-text national_holiday bangladesh "Independence Day, 26 March (1971)" );; line 9678 (wfb::source-text constitution bangladesh "4 November 1972, effective 16 December 1972, suspended following coup of 24 March 1982, restored 10 November 1986, amended many times" );; line 9682 (wfb::source-text legal_system bangladesh "based on English common law" );; line 9687 (wfb::source-text suffrage bangladesh "18 years of age; universal" );; line 9691 (wfb::source-text executive_branch bangladesh chief_of_state "President Abdur Rahman BISWAS (since 8 October 1991); election last held 8 October 1991 (next to be held by NA October 1996); results - Abdur Rahman BISWAS received 52.1% of parliamentary vote" );; line 9696 (wfb::source-text executive_branch bangladesh head_of_government "Prime Minister Khaleda ZIAur RAHMAN (since 20 March 1991)" );; line 9700 (wfb::source-text executive_branch bangladesh cabinet "Council of Ministers; appointed by the president" );; line 9702 (wfb::source-text legislative_structure bangladesh "unicameral" );; line 9706 (wfb::source-text legislative_branch bangladesh |National Parliament (Jatiya Sangsad)| "elections last held 27 February 1991 (next to be held by February 1996); results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (330 total, 300 elected and 30 seats reserved for women) BNP 168, AL 93, JP 35, JI 20, BCP 5, National Awami Party (Muzaffar) 1, Workers Party 1, JSD 1, Ganotantri Party 1, Islami Oikya Jote 1, NDP 1, independents 3" );; line 9708 (wfb::source-text judicial_branch bangladesh "Supreme Court" );; line 9716 (wfb::source-text political_parties_and_leaders bangladesh "Bangladesh Nationalist Party (BNP), Khaleda ZIAur RAHMAN; Awami League (AL), Sheikh Hasina WAJED; Jatiyo Party (JP), Hussain Mohammad ERSHAD (in jail); Jamaat-E-Islami (JI), Ali KHAN; Bangladesh Communist Party (BCP), Saifuddin Ahmed MANIK; National Awami Party (Muzaffar); Workers Party, leader NA; Jatiyo Samajtantik Dal (JSD), Serajul ALAM KHAN; Ganotantri Party, leader NA; Islami Oikya Jote, leader NA; National Democratic Party (NDP), leader NA; Muslim League, Khan A. SABUR; Democratic League, Khondakar MUSHTAQUE Ahmed; Democratic League, Khondakar MUSHTAQUE Ahmed; United People's Party, Kazi ZAFAR Ahmed" );; line 9720 (wfb::source-text member_of bangladesh "AsDB, C, CCC, CP, ESCAP, FAO, G-77, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, INMARSAT, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, MINURSO, NAM, OIC, SAARC, UN, UNAMIR, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNIKOM, UNOMIG, UNOMIL, UNOMOZ, UNOMUR, UNOSOM, UNPROFOR, UNU, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO" );; line 9732 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us bangladesh chief_of_mission "Ambassador Humayun KABIR" );; line 9741 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us bangladesh chancery "2201 Wisconsin Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20007" );; line 9743 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us bangladesh telephone "[1] (202) 342-8372 through 8376" );; line 9745 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us bangladesh |consulate(s) general| "New York" );; line 9747 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation bangladesh chief_of_mission "Ambassador David N. MERRILL" );; line 9752 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation bangladesh embassy "Diplomatic Enclave, Madani Avenue, Baridhara, Dhaka" );; line 9754 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation bangladesh mailing_address "G. P. O. Box 323, Dhaka 1212" );; line 9756 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation bangladesh telephone "[880] (2) 884700 through 884722" );; line 9758 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation bangladesh fax "[880] (2) 883-744" );; line 9760 (wfb::source-text flag bangladesh "green with a large red disk slightly to the hoist side of center; green is the traditional color of Islam" );; line 9764 (wfb::source-text overview bangladesh "Despite sustained domestic and international efforts to improve economic and demographic prospects, Bangladesh remains one of the world's poorest, most densely populated, and least developed nations. Its economy is overwhelmingly agricultural, with the cultivation of rice the single most important activity in the economy. Major impediments to growth include frequent cyclones and floods, the inefficiency of state-owned enterprises, a rapidly growing labor force that cannot be absorbed by agriculture, delays in exploiting energy resources (natural gas), and inadequate power supplies. Excellent rice crops and expansion of the export garment industry led to real growth of 4% in 1992 and again in 1993. Policy measures intended to reduce government regulation of private industry, to curb population growth, and to expand employment opportunities have had only partial success given the serious nature of Bangladesh's basic problems." );; line 9770 (wfb::source-text national_product bangladesh "GDP - purchasing power parity - $130.1 billion (1994 est.)" );; line 9786 (wfb::source-text national_product_real_growth_rate bangladesh "4.5% (1994 est.)" );; line 9790 (wfb::source-text national_product_per_capita bangladesh "$1,040 (1994 est.)" );; line 9794 (wfb::source-text |Inflation rate (consumer prices)| bangladesh "4.3% (1992 est.)" );; line 9798 (wfb::source-text unemployment_rate bangladesh "NA%" );; line 9802 (wfb::source-text budget bangladesh revenues "$2.8 billion" );; line 9807 (wfb::source-text budget bangladesh expenditures "$4.1 billion, including capital expenditures of $1.8 billion (FY92/93)" );; line 9809 (wfb::source-text exports bangladesh "$2.38 billion (1993)" );; line 9814 (wfb::source-text exports bangladesh commodities "garments, jute and jute goods, leather, shrimp" );; line 9816 (wfb::source-text exports bangladesh partners "US 33%, Western Europe 39% (Germany 8.4%, Italy 6%) (FY91/92 est.)" );; line 9818 (wfb::source-text imports bangladesh "$3.99 billion (1993)" );; line 9823 (wfb::source-text imports bangladesh commodities "capital goods, petroleum, food, textiles" );; line 9825 (wfb::source-text imports bangladesh partners "Hong Kong 7.5%, Singapore 7.4%, China 7.4%, Japan 7.1% (FY91/92 est.)" );; line 9827 (wfb::source-text external_debt bangladesh "$13.5 billion (June 1993)" );; line 9832 (wfb::source-text industrial_production bangladesh "growth rate 6.9% (FY92/93 est.); accounts for 9.4% of GDP" );; line 9836 (wfb::source-text electricity bangladesh capacity "2,740,000 kW" );; line 9841 (wfb::source-text electricity bangladesh production "9.2 billion kWh" );; line 9843 (wfb::source-text electricity bangladesh consumption_per_capita "70 kWh (1993)" );; line 9845 (wfb::source-text industry bangladesh "jute manufacturing, cotton textiles, food processing, steel, fertilizer" );; line 9849 (wfb::source-text agriculture bangladesh "accounts for 33% of GDP, 65% of employment, and one-fifth of exports; world's largest exporter of jute; commercial products - jute, rice, wheat, tea, sugarcane, potatoes, beef, milk, poultry; shortages include wheat, vegetable oils, cotton" );; line 9854 (wfb::source-text illicit_drugs bangladesh "transit country for illegal drugs produced in neighboring countries" );; line 9861 (wfb::source-text economic_aid bangladesh recipient "US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-89), $3.4 billion; Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1980-89), $11.65 million; OPEC bilateral aid (1979-89), $6.52 million; Communist countries (1970-89), $1.5 billion" );; line 9867 (wfb::source-text currency bangladesh "1 taka (Tk) = 100 poiska" );; line 9874 (wfb::source-text exchange_rates bangladesh "taka (Tk) per US$1 - 40.250 (January 1995), 40.212 (1994), 39.567 (1993), 38.951 (1992), 36.596 (1991), 34.569 (1990)" );; line 9878 (wfb::source-text fiscal_year bangladesh "1 July - 30 June" );; line 9883 (wfb::source-text railroads bangladesh total "2,892 km" );; line 9889 (wfb::source-text railroads bangladesh broad_gauge "978 km 1.676-m gauge" );; line 9891 (wfb::source-text railroads bangladesh narrow_gauge "1,914 km 1.000-m gauge (1992)" );; line 9893 (wfb::source-text highways bangladesh total "7,240 km" );; line 9898 (wfb::source-text highways bangladesh paved "3,840 km" );; line 9900 (wfb::source-text highways bangladesh unpaved "3,400 km (1985)" );; line 9902 (wfb::source-text inland_waterways bangladesh "5,150-8,046 km navigable waterways (includes 2,575-3,058 km main cargo routes)" );; line 9906 (wfb::source-text pipelines bangladesh "natural gas 1,220 km" );; line 9911 (wfb::source-text port bangladesh "Barisal, Chandpur, Chittagong, Cox's Bazar, Dacca, Khulna, Mongla (includes Chalna), Narayanganj" );; line 9915 (wfb::source-text merchant_marine bangladesh total "38 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 293,304 GRT/428,013 DWT" );; line 9921 (wfb::source-text merchant_marine bangladesh ships_by_type "bulk 2, cargo 31, oil tanker 2, refrigerated cargo 3" );; line 9923 (wfb::source-text airports bangladesh total "16" );; line 9928 (wfb::source-text airports bangladesh |with paved runways over 3,047 m| "2" );; line 9930 (wfb::source-text airports bangladesh |with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m| "2" );; line 9932 (wfb::source-text airports bangladesh |with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m| "4" );; line 9934 (wfb::source-text airports bangladesh |with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m| "1" );; line 9936 (wfb::source-text airports bangladesh with_paved_runways_under_914_m "7" );; line 9938 (wfb::source-text telephone_system bangladesh "241,250 telephones; 1 telephone/522 persons; poor domestic telephone service" );; line 9943 (wfb::source-text telephone_system bangladesh local "NA" );; line 9946 (wfb::source-text telephone_system bangladesh intercity "NA" );; line 9948 (wfb::source-text telephone_system bangladesh international "2 INTELSAT (Indian Ocean) earth stations; adequate international radio communications and landline service" );; line 9950 (wfb::source-text radio bangladesh broadcast_stations "AM 9, FM 6, shortwave 0" );; line 9956 (wfb::source-text radio bangladesh radios "NA" );; line 9958 (wfb::source-text television bangladesh broadcast_stations "11" );; line 9963 (wfb::source-text television bangladesh televisions "NA" );; line 9965 (wfb::source-text defense_branch bangladesh "Army, Navy, Air Force" );; line 9971 (wfb::source-text defense_branch bangladesh paramilitary_forces "Bangladesh Rifles, Bangladesh Ansars, Armed Police Reserve, Village Defense Parties, National Cadet Corps" );; line 9973 (wfb::source-text manpower_availability bangladesh "males age 15-49 33,039,035; males fit for military service 19,607,817 (1995 est.)" );; line 9978 (wfb::source-text defense_expenditures bangladesh "exchange rate conversion - $448 million, 1.7% of GDP (FY93/94)" );; line 9983 (wfb::source-text location barbados "Caribbean, island between the Caribbean Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean, northeast of Venezuela" );; line 9993 (wfb::source-text map_references barbados "Central America and the Caribbean" );; line 9998 (wfb::source-text area barbados total_area "430 sq km" );; line 10003 (wfb::source-text area barbados land_area "430 sq km" );; line 10005 (wfb::source-text area barbados comparative_area "slightly less than 2.5 times the size of Washington, DC" );; line 10007 (wfb::source-text borders barbados "0 km" );; line 10011 (wfb::source-text coastline barbados "97 km" );; line 10015 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims barbados exclusive_economic_zone "200 nm" );; line 10020 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims barbados territorial_sea "12 nm" );; line 10022 (wfb::source-text international_disputes barbados "none" );; line 10026 (wfb::source-text climate barbados "tropical; rainy season (June to October)" );; line 10030 (wfb::source-text terrain barbados "relatively flat; rises gently to central highland region" );; line 10034 (wfb::source-text natural-resource barbados "petroleum, fishing, natural gas" );; line 10038 (wfb::source-text land_use barbados arable_land "77%" );; line 10043 (wfb::source-text land_use barbados permanent_crops "0%" );; line 10045 (wfb::source-text land_use barbados meadows_and_pastures "9%" );; line 10047 (wfb::source-text land_use barbados forest_and_woodland "0%" );; line 10049 (wfb::source-text land_use barbados other "14%" );; line 10051 (wfb::source-text irrigated_land barbados "NA sq km" );; line 10055 (wfb::source-text environment barbados current_issues "pollution of coastal waters from waste disposal by ships; soil erosion; illegal solid waste disposal threatens contamination of aquifers" );; line 10060 (wfb::source-text environment barbados natural_hazards "hurricanes (especially June to October); periodic landslides" );; line 10063 (wfb::source-text environment barbados international_agreements "party to - Climate Change, Endangered Species, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution; signed, but not ratified - Biodiversity" );; line 10065 (wfb::source-text note barbados "easternmost Caribbean island" );; line 10071 (wfb::source-text population barbados "256,395 (July 1995 est.)" );; line 10077 (wfb::source-text age_structure barbados 0-14_years "24% (female 30,175; male 31,507)" );; line 10082 (wfb::source-text age_structure barbados 15-64_years "66% (female 86,103; male 82,727)" );; line 10084 (wfb::source-text age_structure barbados 65_years_and_over "10% (female 15,849; male 10,034) (July 1995 est.)" );; line 10086 (wfb::source-text population_growth_rate barbados "0.24% (1995 est.)" );; line 10090 (wfb::source-text birth_rate barbados "15.45 births/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 10094 (wfb::source-text death_rate barbados "8.27 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 10098 (wfb::source-text net_migration_rate barbados "-4.82 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 10102 (wfb::source-text infant_mortality_rate barbados "19.2 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.)" );; line 10106 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth barbados total_population "74.16 years" );; line 10111 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth barbados male "71.47 years" );; line 10113 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth barbados female "77.06 years (1995 est.)" );; line 10115 (wfb::source-text total_fertility_rate barbados "1.78 children born/woman (1995 est.)" );; line 10119 (wfb::source-text nationality barbados noun "Barbadian(s)" );; line 10124 (wfb::source-text nationality barbados adjective "Barbadian" );; line 10126 (wfb::source-text ethnic-entity barbados "African 80%, European 4%, other 16%" );; line 10130 (wfb::source-text religion barbados "Protestant 67% (Anglican 40%, Pentecostal 8%, Methodist 7%, other 12%), Roman Catholic 4%, none 17%, unknown 3%, other 9% (1980)" );; line 10134 (wfb::source-text language barbados "English" );; line 10139 (wfb::source-text literacy barbados "age 15 and over has ever attended school (1970)" );; line 10143 (wfb::source-text literacy barbados total_population "99%" );; line 10145 (wfb::source-text literacy barbados male "99%" );; line 10147 (wfb::source-text literacy barbados female "99%" );; line 10149 (wfb::source-text total_labor_force barbados "124,800 (1992)" );; line 10153 (wfb::source-text labor_force_by_occupation barbados by_occupation "services and government 41%, commerce 15%, manufacturing and construction 18%, transportation, storage, communications, and financial institutions 8%, agriculture 6%, utilities 2% (1992 est.)" );; line 10155 (wfb::source-text names barbados conventional_long_form "none" );; line 10163 (wfb::source-text names barbados conventional_short_form "Barbados" );; line 10165 (wfb::source-text digraph barbados "BB" );; line 10169 (wfb::source-text type barbados "parliamentary democracy" );; line 10173 (wfb::source-text capital barbados "Bridgetown" );; line 10177 (wfb::source-text administrative_divisions barbados "11 parishes; Christ Church, Saint Andrew, Saint George, Saint James, Saint John, Saint Joseph, Saint Lucy, Saint Michael, Saint Peter, Saint Philip, Saint Thomas" );; line 10181 (wfb::source-text independence barbados "30 November 1966 (from UK)" );; line 10189 (wfb::source-text national_holiday barbados "Independence Day, 30 November (1966)" );; line 10193 (wfb::source-text constitution barbados "30 November 1966" );; line 10197 (wfb::source-text legal_system barbados "English common law; no judicial review of legislative acts" );; line 10201 (wfb::source-text suffrage barbados "18 years of age; universal" );; line 10205 (wfb::source-text executive_branch barbados chief_of_state "Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952), represented by Governor General Dame Nita BARROW (since 6 June 1990)" );; line 10210 (wfb::source-text executive_branch barbados head_of_government "Prime Minister Owen Seymour ARTHUR (since 6 September 1994); Deputy Prime Minister Billie MILLER (since 6 September 1994)" );; line 10213 (wfb::source-text executive_branch barbados cabinet "Cabinet; appointed by the governor general on advice of the prime minister" );; line 10216 (wfb::source-text legislative_structure barbados "bicameral Parliament" );; line 10221 (wfb::source-text legislative_branch barbados senate "consists of a 21-member body appointed by the governor general" );; line 10223 (wfb::source-text legislative_branch barbados house_of_assembly "election last held 6 September 1994 (next to be held by January 1999); results - percentage vote by party NA; seats - (28 total) DLP 8, BLP 19, NDP 1" );; line 10225 (wfb::source-text judicial_branch barbados "Supreme Court of Judicature" );; line 10231 (wfb::source-text political_parties_and_leaders barbados "Democratic Labor Party (DLP),David THOMPSON; Barbados Labor Party (BLP), Owen ARTHUR; National Democratic Party (NDP), Richard HAYNES" );; line 10235 (wfb::source-text other_political_or_pressure_groups barbados "Barbados Workers Union, Leroy TROTMAN; People's Progressive Movement, Eric SEALY; Workers' Party of Barbados, Dr. George BELLE; Clement Payne Labor Union, David COMMISSIONG" );; line 10240 (wfb::source-text member_of barbados "ACP, C, CARICOM, CDB, ECLAC, FAO, G-77, GATT, IADB, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, ISO (correspondent), ITU, LAES, NAM, OAS, OPANAL, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO" );; line 10246 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us barbados chief_of_mission "Ambassador Courtney BLACKMAN" );; line 10254 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us barbados chancery "2144 Wyoming Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008" );; line 10256 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us barbados telephone "[1] (202) 939-9218, 9219" );; line 10258 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us barbados fax "[1] (202) 332-7467" );; line 10260 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us barbados |consulate(s) general| "Miami and New York" );; line 10262 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us barbados |consulate(s)| "Los Angeles" );; line 10264 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation barbados chief_of_mission "Ambassador Jeanette W. HYDE" );; line 10269 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation barbados embassy "Canadian Imperial Bank of Commerce Building, Broad Street, Bridgetown" );; line 10271 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation barbados mailing_address "P. O. Box 302, Bridgetown; FPO AA 34055" );; line 10274 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation barbados telephone "[1] (809) 436-4950" );; line 10276 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation barbados fax "[1] (809) 429-5246" );; line 10278 (wfb::source-text flag barbados "three equal vertical bands of blue (hoist side), yellow, and blue with the head of a black trident centered on the gold band; the trident head represents independence and a break with the past (the colonial coat of arms contained a complete trident)" );; line 10282 (wfb::source-text overview barbados "A per capita income of $9,200 gives Barbados one of the highest standards of living of all the small island states of the eastern Caribbean. Historically, the economy was based on the cultivation of sugarcane and related activities. In recent years, however, the economy has diversified into manufacturing and tourism. A moderate recovery that began in late 1993 after 3 years of contraction is mainly due to increased tourism and expansion in the construction sector. Economic prospects for 1995 depend mostly on continued growth in the industrialized countries, especially in Europe, which would spur further expansion in tourism." );; line 10290 (wfb::source-text national_product barbados "GDP - purchasing power parity - $2.4 billion (1994 est.)" );; line 10302 (wfb::source-text national_product_real_growth_rate barbados "3% (1994 est.)" );; line 10306 (wfb::source-text national_product_per_capita barbados "$9,200 (1994 est.)" );; line 10310 (wfb::source-text |Inflation rate (consumer prices)| barbados "2% (1994 est.)" );; line 10314 (wfb::source-text unemployment_rate barbados "20.5% (1994 est.)" );; line 10318 (wfb::source-text budget barbados revenues "$509 million" );; line 10323 (wfb::source-text budget barbados expenditures "$636 million, including capital expenditures of $86 million (FY94/95 est.)" );; line 10325 (wfb::source-text exports barbados "$161 million (f.o.b., 1993 est.)" );; line 10330 (wfb::source-text exports barbados commodities "sugar and molasses, rum, other foods and beverages, chemicals, electrical components, clothing" );; line 10332 (wfb::source-text exports barbados partners "US 13%, UK 10%, Trinidad and Tobago 9%, Windward Islands 8%" );; line 10335 (wfb::source-text imports barbados "$703 million (c.i.f., 1993 est.)" );; line 10339 (wfb::source-text imports barbados commodities "consumer goods, machinery, foodstuffs, construction materials, chemicals, fuel, electrical components" );; line 10341 (wfb::source-text imports barbados partners "US 36%, UK 11%, Trinidad and Tobago 11%, Japan 3%" );; line 10344 (wfb::source-text external_debt barbados "$652 million (1991 est.)" );; line 10348 (wfb::source-text industrial_production barbados "growth rate 2% (FY93/94 est.); accounts for about 10% of GDP" );; line 10352 (wfb::source-text electricity barbados capacity "152,100 kW" );; line 10357 (wfb::source-text electricity barbados production "510 million kWh" );; line 10359 (wfb::source-text electricity barbados consumption_per_capita "1,841 kWh (1993)" );; line 10361 (wfb::source-text industry barbados "tourism, sugar, light manufacturing, component assembly for export" );; line 10365 (wfb::source-text agriculture barbados "accounts for 6% of GDP; major cash crop is sugarcane; other crops - vegetables, cotton; not self-sufficient in food" );; line 10370 (wfb::source-text illicit_drugs barbados "one of many Caribbean transshipment points for narcotics bound for the US and Europe" );; line 10375 (wfb::source-text economic_aid barbados recipient "US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-89), $15 million; Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-89), $171 million" );; line 10381 (wfb::source-text currency barbados "1 Barbadian dollar (Bds$) = 100 cents" );; line 10386 (wfb::source-text exchange_rates barbados "Barbadian dollars (Bds$) per US$1 - 2.0113 (fixed rate)" );; line 10390 (wfb::source-text fiscal_year barbados "1 April - 31 March" );; line 10394 (wfb::source-text railroads barbados "0 km" );; line 10399 (wfb::source-text highways barbados total "1,570 km" );; line 10404 (wfb::source-text highways barbados paved "1,475 km" );; line 10406 (wfb::source-text highways barbados unpaved "gravel, earth 95 km" );; line 10408 (wfb::source-text port barbados "Bridgetown" );; line 10412 (wfb::source-text merchant_marine barbados total "12 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 61,563 GRT/103,632 DWT" );; line 10417 (wfb::source-text merchant_marine barbados ships_by_type "bulk 4, cargo 6, oil tanker 2" );; line 10419 (wfb::source-text airports barbados total "1" );; line 10424 (wfb::source-text airports barbados |with paved runways over 3,047 m| "1" );; line 10426 (wfb::source-text telephone_system barbados "89,000 telephones" );; line 10431 (wfb::source-text telephone_system barbados local "island wide automatic telephone system;" );; line 10433 (wfb::source-text telephone_system barbados intercity "NA" );; line 10435 (wfb::source-text telephone_system barbados international "1 INTELSAT (Atlantic Ocean) earth station; tropospheric scatter link to Trinidad and Saint Lucia" );; line 10437 (wfb::source-text radio barbados broadcast_stations "AM 3, FM 2, shortwave 0" );; line 10443 (wfb::source-text radio barbados radios "NA" );; line 10445 (wfb::source-text television barbados broadcast_stations "2 (1 pay)" );; line 10450 (wfb::source-text television barbados televisions "NA" );; line 10452 (wfb::source-text defense_branch barbados "Royal Barbados Defense Force (includes the Ground Forces and Coast Guard), Royal Barbados Police Force" );; line 10458 (wfb::source-text manpower_availability barbados "males age 15-49 71,153; males fit for military service 49,488 (1995 est.)" );; line 10463 (wfb::source-text defense_expenditures barbados "exchange rate conversion - $NA, NA% of GDP" );; line 10468 (wfb::source-text location bassas_da_india "Southern Africa, islands in the southern Mozambique Channel, about one-half of the way from Madagascar to Mozambique" );; line 10478 (wfb::source-text map_references bassas_da_india "Africa" );; line 10483 (wfb::source-text area bassas_da_india total_area "0.2 km2" );; line 10488 (wfb::source-text area bassas_da_india land_area "0.2 km2" );; line 10490 (wfb::source-text area bassas_da_india comparative_area "NA" );; line 10492 (wfb::source-text borders bassas_da_india "0 km" );; line 10496 (wfb::source-text coastline bassas_da_india "35.2 km" );; line 10500 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims bassas_da_india exclusive_economic_zone "200 nm" );; line 10505 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims bassas_da_india territorial_sea "12 nm" );; line 10507 (wfb::source-text international_disputes bassas_da_india "claimed by Madagascar" );; line 10511 (wfb::source-text climate bassas_da_india "tropical" );; line 10515 (wfb::source-text terrain bassas_da_india "a volcanic rock 2.4 meters high" );; line 10519 (wfb::source-text natural-resource bassas_da_india "none" );; line 10523 (wfb::source-text land_use bassas_da_india arable_land "0%" );; line 10528 (wfb::source-text land_use bassas_da_india permanent_crops "0%" );; line 10530 (wfb::source-text land_use bassas_da_india meadows_and_pastures "0%" );; line 10532 (wfb::source-text land_use bassas_da_india forest_and_woodland "0%" );; line 10534 (wfb::source-text land_use bassas_da_india other "100% (all rock)" );; line 10536 (wfb::source-text irrigated_land bassas_da_india "0 sq km" );; line 10540 (wfb::source-text environment bassas_da_india current_issues "NA" );; line 10545 (wfb::source-text environment bassas_da_india natural_hazards "maritime hazard since it is usually under water during high tide and surrounded by reefs; subject to periodic cyclones" );; line 10547 (wfb::source-text environment bassas_da_india international_agreements "NA" );; line 10550 (wfb::source-text population bassas_da_india "uninhabited" );; line 10556 (wfb::source-text names bassas_da_india conventional_long_form "none" );; line 10562 (wfb::source-text names bassas_da_india conventional_short_form "Bassas da India" );; line 10564 (wfb::source-text digraph bassas_da_india "BS" );; line 10568 (wfb::source-text type bassas_da_india "French possession administered by a Commissioner of the Republic, resident in Reunion" );; line 10572 (wfb::source-text capital bassas_da_india "none; administered by France from Reunion" );; line 10577 (wfb::source-text independence bassas_da_india "none (possession of France)" );; line 10581 (wfb::source-text overview bassas_da_india "no economic activity" );; line 10586 (wfb::source-text port bassas_da_india "none; offshore anchorage only" );; line 10591 (wfb::source-text note bassas_da_india "defense is the responsibility of France" );; line 10601 (wfb::source-text location belarus "Eastern Europe, east of Poland" );; line 10611 (wfb::source-text map_references belarus "Commonwealth of Independent States - European States" );; line 10615 (wfb::source-text area belarus total_area "207,600 sq km" );; line 10620 (wfb::source-text area belarus land_area "207,600 sq km" );; line 10622 (wfb::source-text area belarus comparative_area "slightly smaller than Kansas" );; line 10624 (wfb::source-text borders belarus "total 3,098 km, Latvia 141 km, Lithuania 502 km, Poland 605 km, Russia 959 km, Ukraine 891 km" );; line 10628 (wfb::source-text coastline belarus "0 km (landlocked)" );; line 10633 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims belarus "none; landlocked" );; line 10637 (wfb::source-text international_disputes belarus "none" );; line 10641 (wfb::source-text climate belarus "cold winters, cool and moist summers; transitional between continental and maritime" );; line 10645 (wfb::source-text terrain belarus "generally flat and contains much marshland" );; line 10650 (wfb::source-text natural-resource belarus "forest land, peat deposits, small quantities of oil and natural gas" );; line 10654 (wfb::source-text land_use belarus arable_land "29%" );; line 10660 (wfb::source-text land_use belarus permanent_crops "1%" );; line 10662 (wfb::source-text land_use belarus meadows_and_pastures "15%" );; line 10664 (wfb::source-text land_use belarus forest_and_woodland "0%" );; line 10666 (wfb::source-text land_use belarus other "55%" );; line 10668 (wfb::source-text irrigated_land belarus "1,490 sq km (1990)" );; line 10672 (wfb::source-text environment belarus current_issues "soil pollution from pesticide use; southern part of the country contaminated with fallout from 1986 nuclear reactor accident at Chornobyl'" );; line 10677 (wfb::source-text environment belarus natural_hazards "NA" );; line 10680 (wfb::source-text environment belarus international_agreements "party to - Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Sulphur 85, Biodiversity, Environmental Modification, Marine Dumping, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection; signed, but not ratified - Climate Change, Law of the Sea" );; line 10682 (wfb::source-text note belarus "landlocked" );; line 10689 (wfb::source-text population belarus "10,437,418 (July 1995 est.)" );; line 10695 (wfb::source-text age_structure belarus 0-14_years "22% (female 1,126,062; male 1,166,439)" );; line 10700 (wfb::source-text age_structure belarus 15-64_years "65% (female 3,494,891; male 3,293,196)" );; line 10702 (wfb::source-text age_structure belarus 65_years_and_over "13% (female 913,508; male 443,322) (July 1995 est.)" );; line 10704 (wfb::source-text population_growth_rate belarus "0.3% (1995 est.)" );; line 10708 (wfb::source-text birth_rate belarus "12.98 births/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 10712 (wfb::source-text death_rate belarus "11.23 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 10716 (wfb::source-text net_migration_rate belarus "1.27 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 10720 (wfb::source-text infant_mortality_rate belarus "18.6 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.)" );; line 10724 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth belarus total_population "71.03 years" );; line 10729 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth belarus male "66.36 years" );; line 10731 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth belarus female "75.93 years (1995 est.)" );; line 10733 (wfb::source-text total_fertility_rate belarus "1.87 children born/woman (1995 est.)" );; line 10737 (wfb::source-text nationality belarus noun "Belarusian(s)" );; line 10742 (wfb::source-text nationality belarus adjective "Belarusian" );; line 10744 (wfb::source-text ethnic-entity belarus "Byelorussian 77.9%, Russian 13.2%, Polish 4.1%, Ukrainian 2.9%, other 1.9%" );; line 10748 (wfb::source-text religion belarus "Eastern Orthodox, other" );; line 10753 (wfb::source-text language belarus "Byelorussian, Russian, other" );; line 10757 (wfb::source-text literacy belarus "age 15 and over can read and write (1989)" );; line 10761 (wfb::source-text literacy belarus total_population "97%" );; line 10763 (wfb::source-text literacy belarus male "99%" );; line 10765 (wfb::source-text literacy belarus female "96%" );; line 10767 (wfb::source-text total_labor_force belarus "4.887 million" );; line 10771 (wfb::source-text labor_force_by_occupation belarus by_occupation "industry and construction 40%, agriculture and forestry 21%, other 39% (1992)" );; line 10773 (wfb::source-text names belarus conventional_long_form "Republic of Belarus" );; line 10780 (wfb::source-text names belarus conventional_short_form "Belarus" );; line 10782 (wfb::source-text names belarus local_long_form "Respublika Byelarus'" );; line 10784 (wfb::source-text names belarus local_short_form "none" );; line 10786 (wfb::source-text names belarus former "Belorussian (Byelorussian) Soviet Socialist Republic" );; line 10788 (wfb::source-text digraph belarus "BO" );; line 10792 (wfb::source-text type belarus "republic" );; line 10796 (wfb::source-text capital belarus "Minsk" );; line 10800 (wfb::source-text administrative_divisions belarus "6 voblastsi (singular - voblasts') and one municipality* (harady, singular - horad); Brestskaya (Brest), Homyel'skaya (Homyel'), Horad Minsk*, Hrodzyenskaya (Hrodna), Mahilyowskaya (Mahilyow), Minskaya, Vitsyebskaya (Vitsyebsk)" );; line 10804 (wfb::source-text independence belarus "25 August 1991 (from Soviet Union)" );; line 10813 (wfb::source-text national_holiday belarus "Independence Day, 27 July (1990)" );; line 10817 (wfb::source-text constitution belarus "adopted 15 March 1994; replaces constitution of April 1978" );; line 10821 (wfb::source-text legal_system belarus "based on civil law system" );; line 10825 (wfb::source-text suffrage belarus "18 years of age; universal" );; line 10829 (wfb::source-text executive_branch belarus chief_of_state "President Aleksandr LUKASHENKO (since 20 July 1994); election held June 24 and 10 July 1994 (next to be held NA 1999); Aleksandr LUKASHENKO 80%, Vyacheslav KEBICH 14%" );; line 10834 (wfb::source-text executive_branch belarus head_of_government "Prime Minister Mikhail CHIGIR (since July 1994); Deputy Prime Ministers Vladimir GARKUN, Viktor GONCHAR, Sergey LING, Mikhail MYASNIKOVICH, Valeriy KOKAREV (since NA)" );; line 10838 (wfb::source-text executive_branch belarus cabinet "Council of Ministers" );; line 10842 (wfb::source-text legislative_structure belarus "unicameral" );; line 10848 (wfb::source-text legislative_branch belarus supreme_soviet "elections last held 4 April 1990 (next to be held 14 May 1995); results - Communists 87%; seats - (360 total) number of seats by party NA; note - 50 seats are for public bodies; the Communist Party obtained an overwhelming majority" );; line 10850 (wfb::source-text judicial_branch belarus "Supreme Court" );; line 10857 (wfb::source-text political_parties_and_leaders belarus "Belarusian Popular Front (BPF), Zenon POZNYAK, chairman; Party of Popular Accord, Gennadiy KARPENKO; Union of Belarusian Entreprenuers, V. N. KARYAGIN; Belarusian Party of Communists, Vasiliy NOVIKOV, Viktor CHIKIN, chairmen; Belarus Peasant Party, Yevgeniy LUGIN, chairman; Belarusian Socialist Party, Vyacheslav KUZNETSOV, chairman; Belarusian Social Democrat Party (SDBP), Oleg TRUSOV, Stanislav SHUSHKEVICH, chairmen; Agrarian Party of Belarus, Aleksandr DUBKO; United Democratic Party of Belarus (UDPB), Aleksandr DOBROVOLSKIY, chairman; Independent Trade Unions, Sergey ANTONCHIK, chairman" );; line 10861 (wfb::source-text member_of belarus "CCC, CE (guest), CEI (associate members), CIS, EBRD, ECE, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IFC, ILO, IMF, INMARSAT, INTELSAT (nonsignatory user), INTERPOL, IOC, ISO, ITU, NACC, OSCE, PCA, PFP, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO" );; line 10872 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us belarus chief_of_mission "Ambassador Sergey Nikolayevich MARTYNOV" );; line 10880 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us belarus chancery "1619 New Hampshire Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20009" );; line 10882 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us belarus telephone "[1] (202) 986-1604" );; line 10884 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us belarus fax "[1] (202) 986-1805" );; line 10886 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us belarus |consulate(s) general| "New York" );; line 10888 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation belarus chief_of_mission "Ambassador Kenneth Spencer YALOWITZ" );; line 10893 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation belarus embassy "Starovilenskaya #46, Minsk" );; line 10895 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation belarus mailing_address "use embassy street address" );; line 10897 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation belarus telephone "[7] (0172) 34-65-37" );; line 10899 (wfb::source-text flag belarus "three horizontal bands of white (top), red, and white" );; line 10903 (wfb::source-text overview belarus "Belarus ranks among the most developed of the former Soviet states, with a relatively modern - by Soviet standards - and diverse machine building sector and a robust agriculture sector. It also serves as a transport link for Russian oil exports to the Baltic states and Eastern and Western Europe. The breakup of the Soviet Union and its command economy has resulted in a sharp economic contraction as traditional trade ties have collapsed. The Belarusian government has lagged behind the governments of most other former Soviet states in economic reform, with privatization almost nonexistent. The system of state orders and distribution persists. In mid-1994, the Belarusian government embarked on an austerity program with IMF support to slash state credits and consumer subsidies in order to bring down the budget deficit and reduce inflation. However, despite its promising start, the regime's drive to reinvigorate the economy has fallen short, and the IMF has criticized its failure to implement the reforms that the Fund had negotiated. As a result, the IMF has suspended talks on introducing a stand-by arrangement. Economic relations with Russia, which will have an important bearing on the future course of the economy, will be strengthened if Minsk adopts the necessary legislation to implement a customs union agreed to in January 1995." );; line 10908 (wfb::source-text national_product belarus "GDP - purchasing power parity - $53.4 billion (1994 estimate as extrapolated from World Bank estimate for 1992)" );; line 10929 (wfb::source-text national_product_real_growth_rate belarus "-20% (1994)" );; line 10934 (wfb::source-text national_product_per_capita belarus "$5,130 (1994 est.)" );; line 10938 (wfb::source-text |Inflation rate (consumer prices)| belarus "29% per month (1994)" );; line 10942 (wfb::source-text unemployment_rate belarus "1.4% officially registered unemployed (December 1993); large numbers of underemployed workers" );; line 10946 (wfb::source-text budget belarus revenues "$NA" );; line 10952 (wfb::source-text budget belarus expenditures "$NA, including capital expenditures of $NA" );; line 10954 (wfb::source-text exports belarus "$968 million to outside of the FSU countries (f.o.b., 1994)" );; line 10958 (wfb::source-text exports belarus commodities "machinery and transport equipment, chemicals, foodstuffs" );; line 10960 (wfb::source-text exports belarus partners "Russia, Ukraine, Poland, Bulgaria" );; line 10962 (wfb::source-text imports belarus "$534 million from outside the FSU countries (c.i.f., 1994)" );; line 10966 (wfb::source-text imports belarus commodities "fuel, natural gas, industrial raw materials, textiles, sugar" );; line 10968 (wfb::source-text imports belarus partners "Russia, Ukraine, Poland" );; line 10970 (wfb::source-text external_debt belarus "$1.5 billion (July 1994 est.)" );; line 10974 (wfb::source-text industrial_production belarus "growth rate -19% (1994); accounts for about 40% of GDP (1992)" );; line 10978 (wfb::source-text electricity belarus capacity "7,010,000 kW" );; line 10983 (wfb::source-text electricity belarus production "31.4 billion kWh" );; line 10985 (wfb::source-text electricity belarus consumption_per_capita "3,010 kWh (1994)" );; line 10987 (wfb::source-text industry belarus "employ about 40% of labor force and produced a wide variety of products including (in percent share of total output of former Soviet Union): tractors (12%); metal-cutting machine tools (11%); off-highway dump trucks up to 110-metric-ton load capacity (100%); wheel-type earthmovers for construction and mining (100%); eight-wheel-drive, high-flotation trucks with cargo capacity of 25 metric tons for use in tundra and roadless areas (100%); equipment for animal husbandry and livestock feeding (25%); motorcycles (21.3%); television sets (11%); chemical fibers (28%); fertilizer (18%); linen fabric (11%); wool fabric (7%); radios; refrigerators; and other consumer goods" );; line 10991 (wfb::source-text agriculture belarus "accounts for almost 25% of GDP and 5.7% of total agricultural output of former Soviet Union; employs 21% of the labor force; in 1988 produced the following (in percent of total Soviet production): grain (3.6%), potatoes (12.2%), vegetables (3.0%), meat (6.0%), milk (7.0%); net exporter of meat, milk, eggs, flour, potatoes" );; line 11003 (wfb::source-text illicit_drugs belarus "illicit cultivator of opium poppy and cannabis; mostly for the domestic market; transshipment point for illicit drugs to Western Europe" );; line 11011 (wfb::source-text economic_aid belarus "$NA" );; line 11016 (wfb::source-text currency belarus "Belarusian rubel (BR)" );; line 11020 (wfb::source-text exchange_rates belarus "Belarusian rubels per US$1 - 10,600 (end December 1994)" );; line 11024 (wfb::source-text fiscal_year belarus "calendar year" );; line 11028 (wfb::source-text railroads belarus total "5,570 km in common carrier service; does not include industrial lines" );; line 11034 (wfb::source-text railroads belarus broad_gauge "5,570 km 1.520-m gauge (1990)" );; line 11037 (wfb::source-text highways belarus total "98,200 km" );; line 11042 (wfb::source-text highways belarus paved "66,100 km" );; line 11044 (wfb::source-text highways belarus unpaved "earth 32,100 km (1990)" );; line 11046 (wfb::source-text inland_waterways belarus "NA km" );; line 11050 (wfb::source-text pipelines belarus "crude oil 1,470 km; refined products 1,100 km; natural gas 1,980 km (1992)" );; line 11054 (wfb::source-text port belarus "Mazyr" );; line 11059 (wfb::source-text airports belarus total "118" );; line 11069 (wfb::source-text airports belarus |with paved runways over 3,047 m| "2" );; line 11071 (wfb::source-text airports belarus |with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m| "18" );; line 11073 (wfb::source-text airports belarus |with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m| "5" );; line 11075 (wfb::source-text airports belarus with_paved_runways_under_914_m "11" );; line 11077 (wfb::source-text airports belarus |with unpaved runways over 3,047 m| "1" );; line 11079 (wfb::source-text airports belarus |with unpaved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m| "6" );; line 11081 (wfb::source-text airports belarus |with unpaved runways 1,524 to 2,438 m| "4" );; line 11083 (wfb::source-text airports belarus |with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m| "9" );; line 11085 (wfb::source-text airports belarus with_unpaved_runways_under_914_m "62" );; line 11087 (wfb::source-text telephone_system belarus "1,849,000 telephones (December 1991); 18 telephones/100 persons; telephone service inadequate for the purposes of either business or the population; about 70% of the telephones are in homes; over 750,000 applications from households for telephones remain unsatisfied (1992); new investment centers on international connections and business needs; the new BelCel NMT 450 cellular system (a joint venture) is now operating in Minsk" );; line 11092 (wfb::source-text telephone_system belarus local "NA" );; line 11099 (wfb::source-text telephone_system belarus intercity "NA" );; line 11101 (wfb::source-text telephone_system belarus international "international traffic is carried by the Moscow international gateway switch and also by 2 satellite earth stations near Minsk - INTELSAT (through Canada) and EUTELSAT (through the UK)" );; line 11103 (wfb::source-text radio belarus broadcast_stations "AM NA, FM NA, shortwave 0" );; line 11110 (wfb::source-text radio belarus radios "3.14 million (5,615,000 with multiple speaker systems for program diffusion)" );; line 11112 (wfb::source-text television belarus broadcast_stations "NA" );; line 11118 (wfb::source-text television belarus televisions "3.538 million" );; line 11120 (wfb::source-text defense_branch belarus "Army, Air Force, Air Defense Force, Republic Security Forces (internal and border troops)" );; line 11126 (wfb::source-text manpower_availability belarus "males age 15-49 2,550,500; males fit for military service 1,999,138; males reach military age (18) annually 71,808 (1995 est.)" );; line 11131 (wfb::source-text defense_expenditures belarus "56.5 billion rubles, NA% of GDP (1993 est.); note - conversion of the military budget into US dollars using the current exchange rate could produce misleading results" );; line 11136 (wfb::source-text location belgium "Western Europe, bordering the North Sea, between France and the Netherlands" );; line 11148 (wfb::source-text map_references belgium "Europe" );; line 11153 (wfb::source-text area belgium total_area "30,510 sq km" );; line 11158 (wfb::source-text area belgium land_area "30,230 sq km" );; line 11160 (wfb::source-text area belgium comparative_area "slightly larger than Maryland" );; line 11162 (wfb::source-text borders belgium "total 1,385 km, France 620 km, Germany 167 km, Luxembourg 148 km, Netherlands 450 km" );; line 11166 (wfb::source-text coastline belgium "64 km" );; line 11171 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims belgium continental_shelf "median line with neighbors" );; line 11176 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims belgium exclusive_fishing_zone "median line with neighbors (extends about 68 km from coast)" );; line 11178 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims belgium territorial_sea "12 nm" );; line 11180 (wfb::source-text international_disputes belgium "none" );; line 11184 (wfb::source-text climate belgium "temperate; mild winters, cool summers; rainy, humid, cloudy" );; line 11188 (wfb::source-text terrain belgium "flat coastal plains in northwest, central rolling hills, rugged mountains of Ardennes Forest in southeast" );; line 11192 (wfb::source-text natural-resource belgium "coal, natural gas" );; line 11197 (wfb::source-text land_use belgium arable_land "24%" );; line 11202 (wfb::source-text land_use belgium permanent_crops "1%" );; line 11204 (wfb::source-text land_use belgium meadows_and_pastures "20%" );; line 11206 (wfb::source-text land_use belgium forest_and_woodland "21%" );; line 11208 (wfb::source-text land_use belgium other "34%" );; line 11210 (wfb::source-text irrigated_land belgium "10 sq km (1989 est.)" );; line 11214 (wfb::source-text environment belgium current_issues "Meuse River, a major source of drinking water, polluted from steel production wastes; other rivers polluted by animal wastes and fertilizers; industrial air pollution contributes to acid rain in neighboring countries" );; line 11219 (wfb::source-text environment belgium natural_hazards "flooding is a threat in areas of reclaimed coastal land, protected from the sea by concrete dikes" );; line 11224 (wfb::source-text environment belgium international_agreements "party to - Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Sulphur 85, Antarctic Treaty, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Wetlands; signed, but not ratified - Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Sulphur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Law of the Sea" );; line 11227 (wfb::source-text note belgium "crossroads of Western Europe; majority of West European capitals within 1,000 km of Brussels which is the seat of the EU" );; line 11237 (wfb::source-text population belgium "10,081,880 (July 1995 est.)" );; line 11244 (wfb::source-text age_structure belgium 0-14_years "18% (female 875,079; male 919,939)" );; line 11249 (wfb::source-text age_structure belgium 15-64_years "66% (female 3,303,219; male 3,363,250)" );; line 11251 (wfb::source-text age_structure belgium 65_years_and_over "16% (female 969,966; male 650,427) (July 1995 est.)" );; line 11253 (wfb::source-text population_growth_rate belgium "0.17% (1995 est.)" );; line 11257 (wfb::source-text birth_rate belgium "11.46 births/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 11261 (wfb::source-text death_rate belgium "10.22 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 11265 (wfb::source-text net_migration_rate belgium "0.5 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 11269 (wfb::source-text infant_mortality_rate belgium "7 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.)" );; line 11273 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth belgium total_population "77.21 years" );; line 11278 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth belgium male "73.94 years" );; line 11280 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth belgium female "80.67 years (1995 est.)" );; line 11282 (wfb::source-text total_fertility_rate belgium "1.62 children born/woman (1995 est.)" );; line 11286 (wfb::source-text nationality belgium noun "Belgian(s)" );; line 11291 (wfb::source-text nationality belgium adjective "Belgian" );; line 11293 (wfb::source-text ethnic-entity belgium "Fleming 55%, Walloon 33%, mixed or other 12%" );; line 11297 (wfb::source-text religion belgium "Roman Catholic 75%, Protestant or other 25%" );; line 11301 (wfb::source-text language belgium "Dutch 56%, French 32%, German 1%, legally bilingual 11% divided along ethnic lines" );; line 11305 (wfb::source-text literacy belgium "age 15 and over can read and write (1980 est.)" );; line 11310 (wfb::source-text literacy belgium total_population "99%" );; line 11312 (wfb::source-text total_labor_force belgium "4.126 million" );; line 11316 (wfb::source-text labor_force_by_occupation belgium by_occupation "services 63.6%, industry 28%, construction 6.1%, agriculture 2.3% (1988)" );; line 11318 (wfb::source-text names belgium conventional_long_form "Kingdom of Belgium" );; line 11325 (wfb::source-text names belgium conventional_short_form "Belgium" );; line 11327 (wfb::source-text names belgium local_long_form "Royaume de Belgique" );; line 11329 (wfb::source-text names belgium local_short_form "Belgique" );; line 11331 (wfb::source-text digraph belgium "BE" );; line 11335 (wfb::source-text type belgium "constitutional monarchy" );; line 11339 (wfb::source-text capital belgium "Brussels" );; line 11343 (wfb::source-text administrative_divisions belgium "9 provinces (French: provinces, singular - province; Flemish: provincien, singular - provincie); Antwerpen, Brabant, Hainaut, Liege, Limburg, Luxembourg, Namur, Oost-Vlaanderen, West-Vlaanderen" );; line 11347 (wfb::source-text independence belgium "4 October 1830 (from the Netherlands)" );; line 11353 (wfb::source-text national_holiday belgium "National Day, 21 July (ascension of King Leopold to the throne in 1831)" );; line 11357 (wfb::source-text constitution belgium "7 February 1831, last revised 14 July 1993; parliament approved a constitutional package creating a federal state" );; line 11362 (wfb::source-text legal_system belgium "civil law system influenced by English constitutional theory; judicial review of legislative acts; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations" );; line 11367 (wfb::source-text suffrage belgium "18 years of age, universal and compulsory" );; line 11373 (wfb::source-text executive_branch belgium chief_of_state "King ALBERT II (since 9 August 1993)" );; line 11378 (wfb::source-text executive_branch belgium head_of_government "Prime Minister Jean-Luc DEHAENE (since 6 March 1992)" );; line 11380 (wfb::source-text executive_branch belgium cabinet "Cabinet; the king appoints the ministers who are approved by the legislature" );; line 11382 (wfb::source-text legislative_structure belgium "bicameral Parliament" );; line 11387 (wfb::source-text legislative_branch belgium senate "(Flemish - Senaat, French - Senat); elections last held 24 November 1991 (next to be held by the end of 1995); results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (184 total; of which 106 are directly elected; in the 1995 elections, seats will decrease to 71) CVP 20, SP 14, VLD 13, VU 5, AGALEV 5, VB 5, ROSSEN 1, PS 18, PRL 9, PSC 9, ECOLO 6, FDF 1" );; line 11389 (wfb::source-text legislative_branch belgium chamber_of_deputies "(Flemish - Kamer van Volksvertegenwoordigers, French - Chambre des Representants); elections last held 24 November 1991 (next to be held by 21 May 1995); results - CVP 16.7%, PS 13.6%, SP 12.0%, VLD 11.9%, PRL 8.2%, PSC 7.8%, VB 6.6%, VU 5.9%, ECOLO 5.1%, AGALEV 4.9%, FDF 2.6%, ROSSEM 3.2%, FN 1.5%; seats - (212 total; in 1995 elections, seats will decrease to 150) CVP 39, PS 35, SP 28, VLD 26, PRL 20, PSC 18, VB 12, VU 10, ECOLO 10, AGALEV 7, FDF 3, ROSSEM 3, FN 1" );; line 11395 (wfb::source-text judicial_branch belgium "Supreme Court of Justice (Flemish - Hof van Cassatie, French - Cour de Cassation)" );; line 11405 (wfb::source-text political_parties_and_leaders belgium "Flemish Christian Democrats (CVP - Christian People's Party), Johan van HECKE, president; Francophone Christian Democrats (PSC - Social Christian Party), Gerard DEPREZ, president; Flemish Socialist Party (SP), Louis TOBBACK, president; Francophone Socialist Party (PS), Philippe BUSQUIN, president; Flemish Liberal Democrats (VLD), Guy VERHOFSTADT, president; Francophone Liberal Reform Party (PRL), Jean GOL, president; Francophone Democratic Front (FDF), Georges CLERFAYT, president; Volksunie (VU), Bert ANCIAUX, president; Vlaams Blok (VB), Karel DILLEN, chairman; ROSSEM, Jean Pierre VAN ROSSEM; National Front (FN), Daniel FERET, president; AGALEV (Flemish Greens), no president; ECOLO (Francophone Ecologists), no president; other minor parties" );; line 11410 (wfb::source-text other_political_or_pressure_groups belgium "Christian and Socialist Trade Unions; Federation of Belgian Industries; numerous other associations representing bankers, manufacturers, middle-class artisans, and the legal and medical professions; various organizations represent the cultural interests of Flanders and Wallonia; various peace groups such as the Flemish Action Committee Against Nuclear Weapons and Pax Christi" );; line 11424 (wfb::source-text member_of belgium "ACCT, AfDB, AG (observer), AsDB, Australia Group, Benelux, BIS, CCC, CE, CERN, EBRD, EC, ECE, EIB, ESA, FAO, G- 9, G-10, GATT, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, INMARSAT, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, MINURSO, MTCR, NACC, NATO, NEA, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OSCE, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNITAR, UNMOGIP, UNPROFOR, UNRWA, UNTSO, UPU, WCL, WEU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC" );; line 11433 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us belgium chief_of_mission "Ambassador Andre ADAM (appointed 3 October 1994)" );; line 11444 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us belgium chancery "3330 Garfield Street NW, Washington, DC 20008" );; line 11446 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us belgium telephone "[1] (202) 333-6900" );; line 11448 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us belgium fax "[1] (202) 333-3079" );; line 11450 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us belgium |consulate(s) general| "Atlanta, Chicago, Los Angeles, and New York" );; line 11452 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation belgium chief_of_mission "Ambassador Alan J. BLINKEN" );; line 11457 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation belgium embassy "27 Boulevard du Regent, B-1000 Brussels" );; line 11459 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation belgium mailing_address "APO AE 09724; PSC 82, Box 002, Brussels" );; line 11461 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation belgium telephone "[32] (2) 513 38 30" );; line 11463 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation belgium fax "[32] (2) 511 27 25" );; line 11465 (wfb::source-text flag belgium "three equal vertical bands of black (hoist side), yellow, and red; the design was based on the flag of France" );; line 11469 (wfb::source-text overview belgium "This small private enterprise economy has capitalized on its central geographic location, highly developed transport network, and diversified industrial and commercial base. Industry is concentrated mainly in the populous Flemish area in the north, although the government is encouraging reinvestment in the southern region of Walloon. With few natural resources Belgium must import substantial quantities of raw materials and export a large volume of manufactures, making its economy unusually dependent on the state of world markets. Three-fourths of its trade is with other EU countries. The economy grew at a strong 4% pace during the period 1988-90, slowed to 1% in 1991-92, dropped by 1.5% in 1993, and recovered with 2.3% growth in 1994. Belgium's public debt has risen to 140% of GDP, and the government is trying to control its expenditures to bring the figure more into line with other industrialized countries." );; line 11475 (wfb::source-text national_product belgium "GDP - purchasing power parity - $181.5 billion (1994 est.)" );; line 11491 (wfb::source-text national_product_real_growth_rate belgium "2.3% (1994 est.)" );; line 11495 (wfb::source-text national_product_per_capita belgium "$18,040 (1994 est.)" );; line 11499 (wfb::source-text |Inflation rate (consumer prices)| belgium "2.5% (1994)" );; line 11503 (wfb::source-text unemployment_rate belgium "14.1% (December 1994)" );; line 11507 (wfb::source-text budget belgium revenues "$97.8 billion" );; line 11512 (wfb::source-text budget belgium expenditures "$109.3 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA (1989)" );; line 11514 (wfb::source-text exports belgium "$117 billion (f.o.b., 1992) Belgium-Luxembourg Economic Union" );; line 11518 (wfb::source-text exports belgium commodities "iron and steel, transportation equipment, tractors, diamonds, petroleum products" );; line 11520 (wfb::source-text exports belgium partners "EC 75.5%, US 3.7%, former Communist countries 1.4% (1991)" );; line 11523 (wfb::source-text imports belgium "$120 billion (c.i.f., 1992) Belgium-Luxembourg Economic Union" );; line 11527 (wfb::source-text imports belgium commodities "fuels, grains, chemicals, foodstuffs" );; line 11529 (wfb::source-text imports belgium partners "EC 73%, US 4.8%, oil-exporting less developed countries 4%, former Communist countries 1.8% (1991)" );; line 11531 (wfb::source-text external_debt belgium "$31.3 billion (1992 est.)" );; line 11536 (wfb::source-text industrial_production belgium "growth rate -0.1% (1993 est.); accounts for 25% of GDP" );; line 11540 (wfb::source-text electricity belgium capacity "14,040,000 kW" );; line 11545 (wfb::source-text electricity belgium production "66 billion kWh" );; line 11547 (wfb::source-text electricity belgium consumption_per_capita "6,334 kWh (1993)" );; line 11549 (wfb::source-text industry belgium "engineering and metal products, motor vehicle assembly, processed food and beverages, chemicals, basic metals, textiles, glass, petroleum, coal" );; line 11553 (wfb::source-text agriculture belgium "accounts for 2.0% of GDP; emphasis on livestock production - beef, veal, pork, milk; major crops are sugar beets, fresh vegetables, fruits, grain, tobacco; net importer of farm products" );; line 11559 (wfb::source-text illicit_drugs belgium "source of precursor chemicals for South American cocaine processors; transshipment point for cocaine entering the European market" );; line 11565 (wfb::source-text economic_aid belgium donor "ODA and OOF commitments (1970-89), $5.8 billion" );; line 11571 (wfb::source-text currency belgium "1 Belgian franc (BF) = 100 centimes" );; line 11575 (wfb::source-text exchange_rates belgium "Belgian francs (BF) per US$1 - 31.549 (January 1995), 33.456 (1994), 34.597 (1993), 32.150 (1992), 34.148 (1991), 33.418 (1990)" );; line 11579 (wfb::source-text fiscal_year belgium "calendar year" );; line 11584 (wfb::source-text railroads belgium total "3,410 km (2,362 km electrified; 2,563 km double track)" );; line 11590 (wfb::source-text railroads belgium standard_gauge "3,410 km 1.435-m gauge (1994)" );; line 11592 (wfb::source-text highways belgium total "137,912 km" );; line 11597 (wfb::source-text highways belgium paved "129,639 km (including 1,667 km of limited access divided highway)" );; line 11599 (wfb::source-text highways belgium unpaved "8,273 km (1992)" );; line 11601 (wfb::source-text inland_waterways belgium "2,043 km (1,528 km in regular commercial use)" );; line 11605 (wfb::source-text pipelines belgium "crude oil 161 km; petroleum products 1,167 km; natural gas 3,300 km" );; line 11609 (wfb::source-text port belgium "Antwerp, Brugge, Gent, Hasselt, Liege, Mons, Namur, Oostende, Zeebrugge" );; line 11614 (wfb::source-text merchant_marine belgium total "23 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 42,055 GRT/56,842 DWT" );; line 11620 (wfb::source-text merchant_marine belgium ships_by_type "bulk 1, cargo 9, chemical tanker 6, liquefied gas 2, oil tanker 5" );; line 11622 (wfb::source-text airports belgium total "43" );; line 11628 (wfb::source-text airports belgium |with paved runways over 3,047 m| "6" );; line 11630 (wfb::source-text airports belgium |with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m| "9" );; line 11632 (wfb::source-text airports belgium |with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m| "2" );; line 11634 (wfb::source-text airports belgium |with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m| "1" );; line 11636 (wfb::source-text airports belgium with_paved_runways_under_914_m "22" );; line 11638 (wfb::source-text airports belgium |with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m| "3" );; line 11640 (wfb::source-text telephone_system belgium "4,720,000 telephones; highly developed, technologically advanced, and completely automated domestic and international telephone and telegraph facilities" );; line 11645 (wfb::source-text telephone_system belgium local "NA" );; line 11649 (wfb::source-text telephone_system belgium intercity "extensive cable network; limited microwave radio relay network; nationwide mobile phone system" );; line 11651 (wfb::source-text telephone_system belgium international "5 submarine cables; 2 Atlantic Ocean INTELSAT earth stations and 1 EUTELSAT earth station" );; line 11654 (wfb::source-text radio belgium broadcast_stations "AM 3, FM 39, shortwave 0" );; line 11660 (wfb::source-text radio belgium radios "NA" );; line 11662 (wfb::source-text television belgium broadcast_stations "32" );; line 11667 (wfb::source-text television belgium televisions "NA" );; line 11669 (wfb::source-text defense_branch belgium "Army, Navy, Air Force, National Gendarmerie" );; line 11675 (wfb::source-text manpower_availability belgium "males age 15-49 2,559,077; males fit for military service 2,126,875; males reach military age (19) annually 61,488 (1995 est.)" );; line 11679 (wfb::source-text defense_expenditures belgium "exchange rate conversion - $3.9 billion, 1.8% of GDP (1994)" );; line 11684 (wfb::source-text location belize "Middle America, bordering the Caribbean Sea, between Guatemala and Mexico" );; line 11694 (wfb::source-text map_references belize "Central America and the Caribbean" );; line 11699 (wfb::source-text area belize total_area "22,960 sq km" );; line 11704 (wfb::source-text area belize land_area "22,800 sq km" );; line 11706 (wfb::source-text area belize comparative_area "slightly larger than Massachusetts" );; line 11708 (wfb::source-text borders belize "total 516 km, Guatemala 266 km, Mexico 250 km" );; line 11712 (wfb::source-text coastline belize "386 km" );; line 11716 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims belize exclusive_economic_zone "200 nm" );; line 11721 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims belize territorial_sea "12 nm in the north, 3 nm in the south; note - from the mouth of the Sarstoon River to Ranguana Cay, Belize's territorial sea is 3 miles; according to Belize's Maritime Areas Act, 1992, the purpose of this limitation is to provide a framework for the negotiation of a definitive agreement on territorial differences with Guatemala" );; line 11723 (wfb::source-text international_disputes belize "border with Guatemala in dispute; talks to resolve the dispute are stalled" );; line 11731 (wfb::source-text climate belize "tropical; very hot and humid; rainy season (May to February)" );; line 11736 (wfb::source-text terrain belize "flat, swampy coastal plain; low mountains in south" );; line 11740 (wfb::source-text natural-resource belize "arable land potential, timber, fish" );; line 11744 (wfb::source-text land_use belize arable_land "2%" );; line 11749 (wfb::source-text land_use belize permanent_crops "0%" );; line 11751 (wfb::source-text land_use belize meadows_and_pastures "2%" );; line 11753 (wfb::source-text land_use belize forest_and_woodland "44%" );; line 11755 (wfb::source-text land_use belize other "52%" );; line 11757 (wfb::source-text irrigated_land belize "20 sq km (1989 est.)" );; line 11761 (wfb::source-text environment belize current_issues "deforestation; water pollution from sewage, industrial effluents, agricultural runoff" );; line 11766 (wfb::source-text environment belize natural_hazards "frequent, devastating hurricanes (September to December) and coastal flooding (especially in south)" );; line 11769 (wfb::source-text environment belize international_agreements "party to - Biodiversity, Climate Change, Endangered Species, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping" );; line 11772 (wfb::source-text note belize "national capital moved 80 km inland from Belize City to Belmopan because of hurricanes; only country in Central America without a coastline on the North Pacific Ocean" );; line 11777 (wfb::source-text population belize "214,061 (July 1995 est.)" );; line 11785 (wfb::source-text age_structure belize 0-14_years "44% (female 45,812; male 47,618)" );; line 11790 (wfb::source-text age_structure belize 15-64_years "53% (female 55,630; male 57,230)" );; line 11792 (wfb::source-text age_structure belize 65_years_and_over "3% (female 3,970; male 3,801) (July 1995 est.)" );; line 11794 (wfb::source-text population_growth_rate belize "2.42% (1995 est.)" );; line 11798 (wfb::source-text birth_rate belize "33.71 births/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 11802 (wfb::source-text death_rate belize "5.86 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 11806 (wfb::source-text net_migration_rate belize "-3.7 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 11810 (wfb::source-text infant_mortality_rate belize "34.7 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.)" );; line 11814 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth belize total_population "68.32 years" );; line 11819 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth belize male "66.37 years" );; line 11821 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth belize female "70.36 years (1995 est.)" );; line 11823 (wfb::source-text total_fertility_rate belize "4.25 children born/woman (1995 est.)" );; line 11827 (wfb::source-text nationality belize noun "Belizean(s)" );; line 11832 (wfb::source-text nationality belize adjective "Belizean" );; line 11834 (wfb::source-text ethnic-entity belize "mestizo 44%, Creole 30%, Maya 11%, Garifuna 7%, other 8%" );; line 11838 (wfb::source-text religion belize "Roman Catholic 62%, Protestant 30% (Anglican 12%, Methodist 6%, Mennonite 4%, Seventh-Day Adventist 3%, Pentecostal 2%, Jehovah's Witnesses 1%, other 2%), none 2%, other 6% (1980)" );; line 11842 (wfb::source-text language belize "English (official), Spanish, Maya, Garifuna (Carib)" );; line 11848 (wfb::source-text literacy belize "age 15 and over has ever attended school (1970)" );; line 11852 (wfb::source-text literacy belize total_population "91%" );; line 11854 (wfb::source-text literacy belize male "91%" );; line 11856 (wfb::source-text literacy belize female "91%" );; line 11858 (wfb::source-text total_labor_force belize "51,500" );; line 11862 (wfb::source-text labor_force_by_occupation belize by_occupation "agriculture 30%, services 16%, government 15.4%, commerce 11.2%, manufacturing 10.3%" );; line 11864 (wfb::source-text names belize conventional_long_form "none" );; line 11874 (wfb::source-text names belize conventional_short_form "Belize" );; line 11876 (wfb::source-text names belize former "British Honduras" );; line 11878 (wfb::source-text digraph belize "BH" );; line 11882 (wfb::source-text type belize "parliamentary democracy" );; line 11886 (wfb::source-text capital belize "Belmopan" );; line 11890 (wfb::source-text administrative_divisions belize "6 districts; Belize, Cayo, Corozal, Orange Walk, Stann Creek, Toledo" );; line 11894 (wfb::source-text independence belize "21 September 1981 (from UK)" );; line 11899 (wfb::source-text national_holiday belize "Independence Day, 21 September (1981)" );; line 11903 (wfb::source-text constitution belize "21 September 1981" );; line 11907 (wfb::source-text legal_system belize "English law" );; line 11911 (wfb::source-text suffrage belize "18 years of age; universal" );; line 11915 (wfb::source-text executive_branch belize chief_of_state "Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952), represented by Governor General Sir Colville YOUNG (since 17 November 1993)" );; line 11920 (wfb::source-text executive_branch belize head_of_government "Prime Minister Manuel ESQUIVEL (since July 1993); Deputy Prime Minister Dean BARROW (since NA 1993)" );; line 11923 (wfb::source-text executive_branch belize cabinet "Cabinet; appointed by the governor general on advice from the prime minister" );; line 11926 (wfb::source-text legislative_structure belize "bicameral National Assembly" );; line 11931 (wfb::source-text legislative_branch belize senate "consists of an 8-member appointed body; 5 members are appointed on the advice of the prime minister, 2 on the advice of the leader of the opposition, and 1 after consultation with the Belize Advisory Council (this council serves as an independent body to advise the governor-general with respect to difficult decisions such as granting pardons, commutations, stays of execution, the removal of justices of appeal who appear to be incompetent, etc.)" );; line 11933 (wfb::source-text legislative_branch belize national_assembly "elections last held 30 June 1993 (next to be held June 1998); results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (28 total) PUP 13 UDP 15" );; line 11940 (wfb::source-text judicial_branch belize "Supreme Court" );; line 11945 (wfb::source-text political_parties_and_leaders belize "People's United Party (PUP), George PRICE, Florencio MARIN, Said MUSA; United Democratic Party (UDP), Manuel ESQUIVEL, Dean LINDO, Dean BARROW; National Alliance for Belizean Rights, Philip GOLDSON" );; line 11949 (wfb::source-text other_political_or_pressure_groups belize "Society for the Promotion of Education and Research (SPEAR), Assad SHOMAN; United Workers Front, leader NA" );; line 11955 (wfb::source-text member_of belize "ACP, C, CARICOM, CDB, ECLAC, FAO, G-77, GATT, IADB, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT (nonsignatory user), INTERPOL, IOC, IOM (observer), ITU, LAES, NAM, OAS, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCL, WHO, WMO" );; line 11960 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us belize chief_of_mission "Ambassador Dean R. LINDO" );; line 11968 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us belize chancery "2535 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008" );; line 11970 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us belize telephone "[1] (202) 332-9636" );; line 11972 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us belize fax "[1] (202) 332-6888" );; line 11974 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us belize |consulate(s) general| "Los Angeles" );; line 11976 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us belize |consulate(s)| "New York" );; line 11978 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation belize chief_of_mission "Ambassador George Charles BRUNO" );; line 11983 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation belize embassy "Gabourel Lane and Hutson Street, Belize City" );; line 11985 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation belize mailing_address "P. O. Box 286, Belize City; APO: Unit 7401, APO AA 34025" );; line 11987 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation belize telephone "[501] (2) 77161 through 77163" );; line 11989 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation belize fax "[501] (2) 30802" );; line 11991 (wfb::source-text flag belize "blue with a narrow red stripe along the top and the bottom edges; centered is a large white disk bearing the coat of arms; the coat of arms features a shield flanked by two workers in front of a mahogany tree with the related motto SUB UMBRA FLOREO (I Flourish in the Shade) on a scroll at the bottom, all encircled by a green garland" );; line 11995 (wfb::source-text overview belize "The small, essentially private enterprise economy is based primarily on agriculture, agro-based industry, and merchandising, with tourism and construction assuming increasing importance. Agriculture accounts for about 30% of GDP and provides 75% of export earnings, while sugar, the chief crop, accounts for almost 40% of hard currency earnings. The US, Belize's main trading partner, is assisting in efforts to reduce dependency on sugar with an agricultural diversification program." );; line 12004 (wfb::source-text national_product belize "GDP - purchasing power parity - $575 million (1994 est.)" );; line 12014 (wfb::source-text national_product_real_growth_rate belize "2% (1994 est.)" );; line 12018 (wfb::source-text national_product_per_capita belize "$2,750 (1994 est.)" );; line 12022 (wfb::source-text |Inflation rate (consumer prices)| belize "5.5% (1991)" );; line 12026 (wfb::source-text unemployment_rate belize "10% (1993 est.)" );; line 12030 (wfb::source-text budget belize revenues "$126.8 million" );; line 12035 (wfb::source-text budget belize expenditures "$123.1 million, including capital expenditures of $44.8 million (FY90/91 est.)" );; line 12037 (wfb::source-text exports belize "$115 million (f.o.b., 1993)" );; line 12042 (wfb::source-text exports belize commodities "sugar, citrus fruits, bananas, clothing, fish products, molasses, wood" );; line 12044 (wfb::source-text exports belize partners "US 51%, UK, other EC (1992)" );; line 12047 (wfb::source-text imports belize "$281 million (c.i.f., 1993)" );; line 12051 (wfb::source-text imports belize commodities "machinery and transportation equipment, food, manufactured goods, fuels, chemicals, pharmaceuticals" );; line 12053 (wfb::source-text imports belize partners "US 57%, UK 8%, other EC 7%, Mexico (1992)" );; line 12056 (wfb::source-text external_debt belize "$158 million (1992)" );; line 12060 (wfb::source-text industrial_production belize "growth rate 3.7% (1990); accounts for 12% of GDP" );; line 12064 (wfb::source-text electricity belize capacity "34,532 kW" );; line 12069 (wfb::source-text electricity belize production "110 million kWh" );; line 12071 (wfb::source-text electricity belize consumption_per_capita "490 kWh (1993)" );; line 12073 (wfb::source-text industry belize "garment production, food processing, tourism, construction" );; line 12077 (wfb::source-text agriculture belize "commercial crops: bananas, coca, citrus fruits, fish, cultured shrimp, lumber" );; line 12081 (wfb::source-text illicit_drugs belize "transshipment point for cocaine; an illicit producer of cannabis for the international drug trade; minor money-laundering center" );; line 12086 (wfb::source-text economic_aid belize recipient "US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-89), $104 million; Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-89), $215 million" );; line 12092 (wfb::source-text currency belize "1 Belizean dollar (Bz$) = 100 cents" );; line 12097 (wfb::source-text exchange_rates belize "Belizean dollars (Bz$) per US$1 - 2.00 (fixed rate)" );; line 12101 (wfb::source-text fiscal_year belize "1 April - 31 March" );; line 12105 (wfb::source-text railroads belize "0 km" );; line 12110 (wfb::source-text highways belize total "2,710 km" );; line 12115 (wfb::source-text highways belize paved "500 km" );; line 12117 (wfb::source-text highways belize unpaved "gravel 1,600 km; improved earth 300 km; unimproved earth 310 km" );; line 12119 (wfb::source-text inland_waterways belize "825 km river network used by shallow-draft craft; seasonally navigable" );; line 12123 (wfb::source-text port belize "Belize City, Big Creek, Corozol, Punta Gorda" );; line 12128 (wfb::source-text merchant_marine belize total "41 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 170,002 GRT/270,893 DWT" );; line 12133 (wfb::source-text merchant_marine belize ships_by_type "bulk 5, cargo 25, container 4, oil tanker 2, refrigerated cargo 1, roll-on/roll-off cargo 3, vehicle carrier 1" );; line 12135 (wfb::source-text airports belize total "46" );; line 12141 (wfb::source-text airports belize |with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m| "1" );; line 12143 (wfb::source-text airports belize with_paved_runways_under_914_m "35" );; line 12145 (wfb::source-text airports belize |with unpaved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m| "1" );; line 12147 (wfb::source-text airports belize |with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m| "9" );; line 12149 (wfb::source-text telephone_system belize "8,650 telephones; above-average system based on microwave radio relay" );; line 12154 (wfb::source-text telephone_system belize local "NA" );; line 12157 (wfb::source-text telephone_system belize intercity "microwave radio relay" );; line 12159 (wfb::source-text telephone_system belize international "1 INTELSAT (Atlantic Ocean) earth station" );; line 12161 (wfb::source-text radio belize broadcast_stations "AM 6, FM 5, shortwave 1" );; line 12166 (wfb::source-text radio belize radios "NA" );; line 12168 (wfb::source-text television belize broadcast_stations "1" );; line 12173 (wfb::source-text television belize televisions "NA" );; line 12175 (wfb::source-text defense_branch belize "Belize Defense Force (includes Army, Navy, Air Force, and Volunteer Guard), Belize National Police" );; line 12181 (wfb::source-text manpower_availability belize "males age 15-49 50,499; males fit for military service 30,040; males reach military age (18) annually 2,285 (1995 est.)" );; line 12186 (wfb::source-text defense_expenditures belize "exchange rate conversion - $11 million, 2.2% of GDP (FY93/94)" );; line 12191 (wfb::source-text location benin "Western Africa, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean, between Nigeria and Togo" );; line 12201 (wfb::source-text map_references benin "Africa" );; line 12206 (wfb::source-text area benin total_area "112,620 sq km" );; line 12211 (wfb::source-text area benin land_area "110,620 sq km" );; line 12213 (wfb::source-text area benin comparative_area "slightly smaller than Pennsylvania" );; line 12215 (wfb::source-text borders benin "total 1,989 km, Burkina 306 km, Niger 266 km, Nigeria 773 km, Togo 644 km" );; line 12219 (wfb::source-text coastline benin "121 km" );; line 12224 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims benin territorial_sea "200 nm" );; line 12229 (wfb::source-text international_disputes benin "none" );; line 12233 (wfb::source-text climate benin "tropical; hot, humid in south; semiarid in north" );; line 12237 (wfb::source-text terrain benin "mostly flat to undulating plain; some hills and low mountains" );; line 12241 (wfb::source-text natural-resource benin "small offshore oil deposits, limestone, marble, timber" );; line 12245 (wfb::source-text land_use benin arable_land "12%" );; line 12250 (wfb::source-text land_use benin permanent_crops "4%" );; line 12252 (wfb::source-text land_use benin meadows_and_pastures "4%" );; line 12254 (wfb::source-text land_use benin forest_and_woodland "35%" );; line 12256 (wfb::source-text land_use benin other "45%" );; line 12258 (wfb::source-text irrigated_land benin "60 sq km (1989 est.)" );; line 12262 (wfb::source-text environment benin current_issues "recent droughts have severely affected marginal agriculture in north; inadequate supplies of potable water; poaching threatens wildlife populations; deforestation; desertification" );; line 12267 (wfb::source-text environment benin natural_hazards "hot, dry, dusty harmattan wind may affect north in winter" );; line 12271 (wfb::source-text environment benin international_agreements "party to - Biodiversity, Climate Change, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection; signed, but not ratified - Desertification, Law of the Sea" );; line 12273 (wfb::source-text note benin "no natural harbors" );; line 12279 (wfb::source-text population benin "5,522,677 (July 1995 est.)" );; line 12285 (wfb::source-text age_structure benin 0-14_years "48% (female 1,324,553; male 1,333,673)" );; line 12290 (wfb::source-text age_structure benin 15-64_years "49% (female 1,431,630; male 1,299,180)" );; line 12292 (wfb::source-text age_structure benin 65_years_and_over "3% (female 74,119; male 59,522) (July 1995 est.)" );; line 12294 (wfb::source-text population_growth_rate benin "3.33% (1995 est.)" );; line 12298 (wfb::source-text birth_rate benin "47.25 births/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 12302 (wfb::source-text death_rate benin "13.93 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 12306 (wfb::source-text net_migration_rate benin "0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 12310 (wfb::source-text infant_mortality_rate benin "107.6 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.)" );; line 12314 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth benin total_population "52.24 years" );; line 12319 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth benin male "50.34 years" );; line 12321 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth benin female "54.2 years (1995 est.)" );; line 12323 (wfb::source-text total_fertility_rate benin "6.72 children born/woman (1995 est.)" );; line 12327 (wfb::source-text nationality benin noun "Beninese (singular and plural)" );; line 12332 (wfb::source-text nationality benin adjective "Beninese" );; line 12334 (wfb::source-text ethnic-entity benin "African 99% (42 ethnic groups, most important being Fon, Adja, Yoruba, Bariba), Europeans 5,500" );; line 12338 (wfb::source-text religion benin "indigenous beliefs 70%, Muslim 15%, Christian 15%" );; line 12343 (wfb::source-text language benin "French (official), Fon and Yoruba (most common vernaculars in south), tribal languages (at least six major ones in north)" );; line 12347 (wfb::source-text literacy benin "age 15 and over can read and write (1990 est.)" );; line 12352 (wfb::source-text literacy benin total_population "23%" );; line 12354 (wfb::source-text literacy benin male "32%" );; line 12356 (wfb::source-text literacy benin female "16%" );; line 12358 (wfb::source-text total_labor_force benin "1.9 million (1987)" );; line 12362 (wfb::source-text labor_force_by_occupation benin by_occupation "agriculture 60%, transport, commerce, and public services 38%, industry less than 2%" );; line 12364 (wfb::source-text names benin conventional_long_form "Republic of Benin" );; line 12371 (wfb::source-text names benin conventional_short_form "Benin" );; line 12373 (wfb::source-text names benin local_long_form "Republique du Benin" );; line 12375 (wfb::source-text names benin local_short_form "Benin" );; line 12377 (wfb::source-text names benin former "Dahomey" );; line 12379 (wfb::source-text digraph benin "BN" );; line 12383 (wfb::source-text type benin "republic under multiparty democratic rule dropped Marxism-Leninism December 1989; democratic reforms adopted February 1990; transition to multiparty system completed 4 April 1991" );; line 12387 (wfb::source-text capital benin "Porto-Novo" );; line 12393 (wfb::source-text administrative_divisions benin "6 provinces; Atakora, Atlantique, Borgou, Mono, Oueme, Zou" );; line 12397 (wfb::source-text independence benin "1 August 1960 (from France)" );; line 12401 (wfb::source-text national_holiday benin "National Day, 1 August (1990)" );; line 12405 (wfb::source-text constitution benin "2 December 1990" );; line 12409 (wfb::source-text legal_system benin "based on French civil law and customary law; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction" );; line 12413 (wfb::source-text suffrage benin "18 years of age; universal" );; line 12418 (wfb::source-text executive_branch benin chief_of_state_and_head_of_government "President Nicephore SOGLO (since 4 April 1991); election last held 10 and 24 March 1991 (next election 1996); results - Nicephore SOGLO 68%, Mathieu KEREKOU 32%" );; line 12423 (wfb::source-text executive_branch benin cabinet "Executive Council; appointed by the president" );; line 12427 (wfb::source-text legislative_structure benin "unicameral" );; line 12431 (wfb::source-text legislative_branch benin |National Assembly (Assemblee Nationale)| "elections last held 28 March 1995; results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (83 total) Renaissance Party and allies 20, PRD 19, FARD-ALAFIA 10, PSD 7, NCC 3, RDL-VIVOTEN 3, Communist Party 2, Alliance Chameleon 1, RDP 1, ADP 1, other 16" );; line 12433 (wfb::source-text judicial_branch benin "Supreme Court (Cour Supreme)" );; line 12440 (wfb::source-text political_parties_and_leaders benin "as of August 1994, 72 political parties were officially recognized; the following are among the most important: Alliance of the Democratic Union for the Forces of Progress (UDFP), Timothee ADANLIN; Movement for Democracy and Social Progress (MDPS), Jean-Roger AHOYO; Union for Liberty and Development (ULD), Marcellin DEGBE; Alliance of the National Party for Democracy and Development (PNDD) and the Democratic Renewal Party (PRD), Pascal Chabi KAO; Alliance of the Social Democratic Party (PSD) and the National Union for Solidarity and Progress (UNSP), Bruno AMOUSSOU; Our Common Cause (NCC), Albert TEVOEDJRE; National Rally for Democracy (RND), Joseph KEKE; Alliance of the National Movement for Democracy and Development (MNDD), leader NA; Movement for Solidarity, Union, and Progress (MSUP), Adebo ADENIYI; Union for Democracy and National Reconstruction (UDRN), Azaria FAKOREDE; Union for Democracy and National Solidarity (UDS), Mama Amadou N'DIAYE; Assembly of Liberal Democrats for National Reconstruction (RDL), Severin ADJOVI; Alliance for Social Democracy (ASD), Robert DOSSOU; Bloc for Social Democracy (BSD), Michel MAGNIDE; Alliance for Democracy and Progress (ADP), Akindes ADEKPEDJOU, and the Democratic Union for Social Renewal (UDRS), Bio Gado Seko N'GOYE; National Union for Democracy and Progress (UNDP), Robert TAGNON; Party for Progress and Democracy, Thiophile NATA; FARD-ALAFIA, Mathieu KEREKOU; The Renaissance Party, Nicephore SOGLO; The Patriotic Union for the Republic (UPR), Jean-Marie ZAHOUN; Union for the Conservation of Democracy, Bernard HOUEGNON" );; line 12444 (wfb::source-text member_of benin "ACCT, ACP, AfDB, CEAO, ECA, ECOWAS, Entente, FAO, FZ, G-77, GATT, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, ITU, NAM, OAU, OIC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WADB, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO" );; line 12468 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us benin chief_of_mission "Ambassador Lucien Edgar TONOUKOUIN" );; line 12476 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us benin chancery "2737 Cathedral Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008" );; line 12478 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us benin telephone "[1] (202) 232-6656, 6657, 6658" );; line 12480 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us benin fax "[1] (202) 265-1996" );; line 12482 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation benin chief_of_mission "Ambassador Ruth A. DAVIS" );; line 12487 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation benin embassy "Rue Caporal Bernard Anani, Cotonou" );; line 12489 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation benin mailing_address "B. P. 2012, Cotonou" );; line 12491 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation benin telephone "[229] 30-06-50, 30-05-13, 30-17-92" );; line 12493 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation benin fax "[229] 41-15-22" );; line 12495 (wfb::source-text flag benin "two equal horizontal bands of yellow (top) and red with a vertical green band on the hoist side" );; line 12499 (wfb::source-text overview benin "The economy of Benin remains underdeveloped and dependent on subsistence agriculture, cotton production, and regional trade. Growth in real output has averaged a sound 4% in 1991-94 but this rate barely exceeds the rapid population growth of 3.3%. Inflation jumped to 35% in 1994 (compared to 3% in 1993) following the 50% currency devaluation in January. Commercial and transport activities, which make up almost 36% of GDP, are extremely vulnerable to developments in Nigeria as evidenced by decreased reexport trade in 1994 due to a severe contraction in Nigerian demand. The industrial sector accounts for less than 10% of GDP and mainly produces foods, beverages, cement, and textiles. Support by the Paris Club and official bilateral creditors has eased the external debt situation in recent years. The government, still burdened with money-losing state enterprises and a bloated civil service, is gradually implementing a World Bank supported structural adjustment program." );; line 12505 (wfb::source-text national_product benin "GDP - purchasing power parity - $6.7 billion (1994 est.)" );; line 12522 (wfb::source-text national_product_real_growth_rate benin "4% (1994 est.)" );; line 12526 (wfb::source-text national_product_per_capita benin "$1,260 (1994 est.)" );; line 12530 (wfb::source-text |Inflation rate (consumer prices)| benin "35% (1994 est.)" );; line 12534 (wfb::source-text unemployment_rate benin "NA%" );; line 12538 (wfb::source-text budget benin revenues "$272 million (1993 est.)" );; line 12543 (wfb::source-text budget benin expenditures "$375 million, including capital expenditures of $84 million (1993 est.)" );; line 12545 (wfb::source-text exports benin "$332 million (f.o.b., 1993 est.)" );; line 12550 (wfb::source-text exports benin commodities "cotton, crude oil, palm products, cocoa" );; line 12552 (wfb::source-text exports benin partners "FRG 36%, France 16%, Spain 14%, Italy 8%, UK 4%" );; line 12554 (wfb::source-text imports benin "$571 million (f.o.b., 1993 est.)" );; line 12558 (wfb::source-text imports benin commodities "foodstuffs, beverages, tobacco, petroleum products, intermediate goods, capital goods, light consumer goods" );; line 12560 (wfb::source-text imports benin partners "France 20%, Thailand 8%, Netherlands 7%, US 5%" );; line 12563 (wfb::source-text external_debt benin "$1 billion (December 1990 est.)" );; line 12567 (wfb::source-text industrial_production benin "growth rate -0.7% (1988); accounts for 10% of GDP" );; line 12571 (wfb::source-text electricity benin capacity "30,000 kW" );; line 12576 (wfb::source-text electricity benin production "10 million kWh" );; line 12578 (wfb::source-text electricity benin consumption_per_capita "25 kWh (1993)" );; line 12580 (wfb::source-text industry benin "textiles, cigarettes, construction materials, beverages, food, petroleum" );; line 12584 (wfb::source-text agriculture benin "accounts for 35% of GDP; small farms produce 90% of agricultural output; production is dominated by food crops - corn, sorghum, cassava, yams, beans, rice; cash crops include cotton, palm oil, peanuts; poultry and livestock output has not kept up with consumption" );; line 12589 (wfb::source-text illicit_drugs benin "transshipment point for narcotics associated with Nigerian trafficking organizations and most commonly destined for Western Europe and the US" );; line 12596 (wfb::source-text economic_aid benin recipient "US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-89), $46 million; Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-89), $1.3 billion; OPEC bilateral aid (1979-89), $19 million; Communist countries (1970-89), $101 million" );; line 12602 (wfb::source-text currency benin "1 CFA franc (CFAF) = 100 centimes" );; line 12609 (wfb::source-text exchange_rates benin "Communaute Financiere Africaine francs (CFAF) per US$1 - 529.43 (January 1995), 555.20 (1994), 283.16 (1993), 264.69 (1992), 282.11 (1991), 272.26 (1990)" );; line 12613 (wfb::source-text fiscal_year benin "calendar year" );; line 12622 (wfb::source-text railroads benin total "578 km (single track)" );; line 12628 (wfb::source-text railroads benin narrow_gauge "578 km 1.000-m gauge" );; line 12630 (wfb::source-text highways benin total "8,435 km" );; line 12635 (wfb::source-text highways benin paved "1,038 km" );; line 12637 (wfb::source-text highways benin unpaved "crushed stone 2,600 km; improved earth 1,530 km; unimproved earth 3,267 km" );; line 12639 (wfb::source-text inland_waterways benin "navigable along small sections, important only locally" );; line 12644 (wfb::source-text port benin "Cotonou, Porto-Novo" );; line 12648 (wfb::source-text merchant_marine benin "none" );; line 12652 (wfb::source-text airports benin total "7" );; line 12657 (wfb::source-text airports benin |with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m| "1" );; line 12659 (wfb::source-text airports benin |with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m| "1" );; line 12661 (wfb::source-text airports benin |with unpaved runways 1,524 to 2,438 m| "1" );; line 12663 (wfb::source-text airports benin |with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m| "4" );; line 12665 (wfb::source-text telephone_system benin "NA telephones; fair system of open wire and microwave radio relay" );; line 12670 (wfb::source-text telephone_system benin local "NA" );; line 12672 (wfb::source-text telephone_system benin intercity "microwave radio relay and open wire" );; line 12674 (wfb::source-text telephone_system benin international "1 Atlantic Ocean INTELSAT earth station, submarine cable" );; line 12676 (wfb::source-text radio benin broadcast_stations "AM 2, FM 2, shortwave 0" );; line 12681 (wfb::source-text radio benin radios "NA" );; line 12683 (wfb::source-text television benin broadcast_stations "2" );; line 12688 (wfb::source-text television benin televisions "NA" );; line 12690 (wfb::source-text defense_branch benin "Armed Forces (includes Army, Navy, Air Force), National Gendarmerie" );; line 12696 (wfb::source-text manpower_availability benin "males age 15-49 1,165,463; females age 15-49 1,249,234; males fit for military service 596,956; females fit for military service 631,780; males reach military age (18) annually 60,282 (1995 est.); females reach military age (18) annually 58,770 (1995 est.)" );; line 12701 (wfb::source-text defense_expenditures benin "exchange rate conversion - $33 million, 3.2% of GDP (1994)" );; line 12710 (wfb::source-text location bermuda "North America, group of islands in the North Atlantic Ocean, east of North Carolina (US)" );; line 12721 (wfb::source-text map_references bermuda "North America" );; line 12726 (wfb::source-text area bermuda total_area "50 sq km" );; line 12731 (wfb::source-text area bermuda land_area "50 sq km" );; line 12733 (wfb::source-text area bermuda comparative_area "about 0.3 times the size of Washington, DC" );; line 12735 (wfb::source-text borders bermuda "0 km" );; line 12739 (wfb::source-text coastline bermuda "103 km" );; line 12743 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims bermuda exclusive_fishing_zone "200 nm" );; line 12748 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims bermuda territorial_sea "12 nm" );; line 12750 (wfb::source-text international_disputes bermuda "none" );; line 12754 (wfb::source-text climate bermuda "subtropical; mild, humid; gales, strong winds common in winter" );; line 12758 (wfb::source-text terrain bermuda "low hills separated by fertile depressions" );; line 12762 (wfb::source-text natural-resource bermuda "limestone, pleasant climate fostering tourism" );; line 12766 (wfb::source-text land_use bermuda arable_land "0%" );; line 12771 (wfb::source-text land_use bermuda permanent_crops "0%" );; line 12773 (wfb::source-text land_use bermuda meadows_and_pastures "0%" );; line 12775 (wfb::source-text land_use bermuda forest_and_woodland "20%" );; line 12777 (wfb::source-text land_use bermuda other "80%" );; line 12779 (wfb::source-text irrigated_land bermuda "NA sq km" );; line 12783 (wfb::source-text environment bermuda current_issues "NA" );; line 12788 (wfb::source-text environment bermuda natural_hazards "hurricanes (June to November)" );; line 12790 (wfb::source-text environment bermuda international_agreements "NA" );; line 12792 (wfb::source-text note bermuda "consists of about 360 small coral islands with ample rainfall, but no rivers or freshwater lakes; some reclaimed land leased by US Government" );; line 12796 (wfb::source-text population bermuda "61,629 (July 1995 est.)" );; line 12804 (wfb::source-text age_structure bermuda 0-14_years "NA" );; line 12809 (wfb::source-text age_structure bermuda 15-64_years "NA" );; line 12811 (wfb::source-text age_structure bermuda 65_years_and_over "NA" );; line 12813 (wfb::source-text population_growth_rate bermuda "0.76% (1995 est.)" );; line 12817 (wfb::source-text birth_rate bermuda "15.07 births/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 12821 (wfb::source-text death_rate bermuda "7.3 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 12825 (wfb::source-text net_migration_rate bermuda "-0.13 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 12829 (wfb::source-text infant_mortality_rate bermuda "13.16 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.)" );; line 12833 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth bermuda total_population "75.03 years" );; line 12838 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth bermuda male "73.36 years" );; line 12840 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth bermuda female "76.97 years (1995 est.)" );; line 12842 (wfb::source-text total_fertility_rate bermuda "1.81 children born/woman (1995 est.)" );; line 12846 (wfb::source-text nationality bermuda noun "Bermudian(s)" );; line 12851 (wfb::source-text nationality bermuda adjective "Bermudian" );; line 12853 (wfb::source-text ethnic-entity bermuda "black 61%, white and other 39%" );; line 12857 (wfb::source-text religion bermuda "Anglican 37%, Roman Catholic 14%, African Methodist Episcopal (Zion) 10%, Methodist 6%, Seventh-Day Adventist 5%, other 28%" );; line 12861 (wfb::source-text language bermuda "English" );; line 12866 (wfb::source-text literacy bermuda "age 15 and over can read and write (1970)" );; line 12870 (wfb::source-text literacy bermuda total_population "98%" );; line 12872 (wfb::source-text literacy bermuda male "98%" );; line 12874 (wfb::source-text literacy bermuda female "99%" );; line 12876 (wfb::source-text total_labor_force bermuda "32,000" );; line 12880 (wfb::source-text labor_force_by_occupation bermuda by_occupation "clerical 25%, services 22%, laborers 21%, professional and technical 13%, administrative and managerial 10%, sales 7%, agriculture and fishing 2% (1984)" );; line 12882 (wfb::source-text names bermuda conventional_long_form "none" );; line 12890 (wfb::source-text names bermuda conventional_short_form "Bermuda" );; line 12892 (wfb::source-text digraph bermuda "BD" );; line 12896 (wfb::source-text type bermuda "dependent territory of the UK" );; line 12900 (wfb::source-text capital bermuda "Hamilton" );; line 12904 (wfb::source-text administrative_divisions bermuda "9 parishes and 2 municipalities*; Devonshire, Hamilton, Hamilton*, Paget, Pembroke, Saint George*, Saint Georges, Sandys, Smiths, Southampton, Warwick" );; line 12908 (wfb::source-text independence bermuda "none (dependent territory of the UK)" );; line 12914 (wfb::source-text national_holiday bermuda "Bermuda Day, 24 May" );; line 12918 (wfb::source-text constitution bermuda "8 June 1968" );; line 12922 (wfb::source-text legal_system bermuda "English law" );; line 12926 (wfb::source-text suffrage bermuda "21 years of age; universal" );; line 12930 (wfb::source-text executive_branch bermuda chief_of_state "Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952), represented by Governor Lord David WADDINGTON (since 25 August 1992)" );; line 12935 (wfb::source-text executive_branch bermuda head_of_government "Premier John William David SWAN (since NA January 1982); Deputy Premier J. Irving PEARMAN (since 5 October 1993)" );; line 12938 (wfb::source-text executive_branch bermuda cabinet "Cabinet; nominated by the premier, appointed by the governor" );; line 12941 (wfb::source-text legislative_structure bermuda "bicameral Parliament" );; line 12945 (wfb::source-text legislative_branch bermuda senate "consists of an 11-member body appointed by the governor" );; line 12947 (wfb::source-text legislative_branch bermuda house_of_assembly "elections last held 5 October 1993 (next to be held by NA October 1998); results - percent of vote by party UBP 50%, PLP 46%, independents 4%; seats - (40 total) UBP 22, PLP 18" );; line 12949 (wfb::source-text judicial_branch bermuda "Supreme Court" );; line 12955 (wfb::source-text political_parties_and_leaders bermuda "United Bermuda Party (UBP), John W. D. SWAN; Progressive Labor Party (PLP), Frederick WADE; National Liberal Party (NLP), Gilbert DARRELL" );; line 12959 (wfb::source-text other_political_or_pressure_groups bermuda "Bermuda Industrial Union (BIU), Ottiwell SIMMONS" );; line 12964 (wfb::source-text member_of bermuda "CARICOM (observer), CCC, ICFTU, INTERPOL (subbureau), IOC" );; line 12968 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us bermuda "none (dependent territory of the UK)" );; line 12972 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation bermuda chief_of_mission "Ambassador Robert A. FARMER" );; line 12977 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation bermuda |consulate(s) general| "Crown Hill, 16 Middle Road, Devonshire, Hamilton" );; line 12979 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation bermuda mailing_address "P. O. Box HM325, Hamilton HMBX; PSC 1002, FPO AE 09727-1002" );; line 12981 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation bermuda telephone "[1] (809) 295-1342" );; line 12983 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation bermuda fax "[1] (809) 295-1592" );; line 12985 (wfb::source-text flag bermuda "red with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side quadrant and the Bermudian coat of arms (white and blue shield with a red lion holding a scrolled shield showing the sinking of the ship Sea Venture off Bermuda in 1609) centered on the outer half of the flag" );; line 12989 (wfb::source-text overview bermuda "Bermuda enjoys one of the highest per capita incomes in the world, having successfully exploited its location by providing luxury tourist facilities and financial services. The tourist industry attracts more than 90% of its business from North America. The industrial sector is small, and agriculture is severely limited by a lack of suitable land. About 80% of food needs are imported." );; line 12997 (wfb::source-text national_product bermuda "GDP - purchasing power parity - $1.7 billion (1994 est.)" );; line 13006 (wfb::source-text national_product_real_growth_rate bermuda "2.5% (1994)" );; line 13010 (wfb::source-text national_product_per_capita bermuda "$28,000 (1994 est.)" );; line 13014 (wfb::source-text |Inflation rate (consumer prices)| bermuda "2.5% (1993)" );; line 13018 (wfb::source-text unemployment_rate bermuda "6% (1991)" );; line 13022 (wfb::source-text budget bermuda revenues "$327.5 million" );; line 13027 (wfb::source-text budget bermuda expenditures "$308.9 million, including capital expenditures of $35.4 million (FY90/91 est.)" );; line 13029 (wfb::source-text exports bermuda "$60 million (f.o.b., 1991)" );; line 13034 (wfb::source-text exports bermuda commodities "semitropical produce, light manufactures, re-exports of pharmaceuticals" );; line 13036 (wfb::source-text exports bermuda partners "US 62.4%, UK 20%" );; line 13039 (wfb::source-text imports bermuda "$519 million (f.o.b.,1993)" );; line 13043 (wfb::source-text imports bermuda commodities "fuel, foodstuffs, machinery" );; line 13045 (wfb::source-text imports bermuda partners "US 38%, UK 5%, Canada 5%" );; line 13047 (wfb::source-text external_debt bermuda "$NA" );; line 13051 (wfb::source-text industrial_production bermuda "growth rate NA%" );; line 13055 (wfb::source-text electricity bermuda capacity "140,000 kW" );; line 13060 (wfb::source-text electricity bermuda production "504 million kWh" );; line 13062 (wfb::source-text electricity bermuda consumption_per_capita "7,745 kWh (1993)" );; line 13064 (wfb::source-text industry bermuda "tourism, finance, structural concrete products, paints, pharmaceuticals, ship repairing" );; line 13068 (wfb::source-text agriculture bermuda "accounts for less than 1% of GDP; most basic foods must be imported; produces bananas, vegetables, citrus fruits, flowers, dairy products" );; line 13073 (wfb::source-text economic_aid bermuda recipient "US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-81), $34 million; Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-89), $277 million" );; line 13079 (wfb::source-text currency bermuda "1 Bermudian dollar (Bd$) = 100 cents" );; line 13084 (wfb::source-text exchange_rates bermuda "Bermudian dollar (Bd$) per US$1 - 1.0000 (fixed rate)" );; line 13088 (wfb::source-text fiscal_year bermuda "1 April - 31 March" );; line 13092 (wfb::source-text railroads bermuda "0 km" );; line 13097 (wfb::source-text highways bermuda total "210 km" );; line 13102 (wfb::source-text highways bermuda paved "210 km" );; line 13104 (wfb::source-text port bermuda "Hamilton, Saint George" );; line 13111 (wfb::source-text merchant_marine bermuda total "65 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 3,144,245 GRT/5,152,030 DWT" );; line 13116 (wfb::source-text merchant_marine bermuda ships_by_type "bulk 14, cargo 4, container 7, liquefied gas tanker 15, oil tanker 16, refrigerated cargo 2, roll-on/roll-off cargo 5, short-sea passenger 1, vehicle carrier 1" );; line 13118 (wfb::source-text airports bermuda total "1" );; line 13129 (wfb::source-text airports bermuda |with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m| "1" );; line 13131 (wfb::source-text telephone_system bermuda "52,670 telephones; modern, fully automatic telephone system" );; line 13136 (wfb::source-text telephone_system bermuda local "NA" );; line 13138 (wfb::source-text telephone_system bermuda intercity "NA" );; line 13140 (wfb::source-text telephone_system bermuda international "3 submarine cables; 2 INTELSAT (Atlantic Ocean) earth stations" );; line 13142 (wfb::source-text radio bermuda broadcast_stations "AM 5, FM 3, shortwave 0" );; line 13147 (wfb::source-text radio bermuda radios "NA" );; line 13149 (wfb::source-text television bermuda broadcast_stations "2" );; line 13154 (wfb::source-text television bermuda televisions "NA" );; line 13156 (wfb::source-text defense_branch bermuda "Bermuda Regiment, Bermuda Police Force, Bermuda Reserve Constabulary" );; line 13162 (wfb::source-text defense_expenditures bermuda "$NA, NA% of GDP" );; line 13167 (wfb::source-text note bermuda "defense is the responsibility of the UK" );; line 13171 (wfb::source-text location bhutan "Southern Asia, between China and India" );; line 13181 (wfb::source-text map_references bhutan "Asia" );; line 13185 (wfb::source-text area bhutan total_area "47,000 sq km" );; line 13190 (wfb::source-text area bhutan land_area "47,000 sq km" );; line 13192 (wfb::source-text area bhutan comparative_area "slightly more than half the size of Indiana" );; line 13194 (wfb::source-text borders bhutan "total 1,075 km, China 470 km, India 605 km" );; line 13198 (wfb::source-text coastline bhutan "0 km (landlocked)" );; line 13202 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims bhutan "none; landlocked" );; line 13206 (wfb::source-text international_disputes bhutan "none" );; line 13210 (wfb::source-text climate bhutan "varies; tropical in southern plains; cool winters and hot summers in central valleys; severe winters and cool summers in Himalayas" );; line 13214 (wfb::source-text terrain bhutan "mostly mountainous with some fertile valleys and savanna" );; line 13219 (wfb::source-text natural-resource bhutan "timber, hydropower, gypsum, calcium carbide" );; line 13223 (wfb::source-text land_use bhutan arable_land "2%" );; line 13228 (wfb::source-text land_use bhutan permanent_crops "0%" );; line 13230 (wfb::source-text land_use bhutan meadows_and_pastures "5%" );; line 13232 (wfb::source-text land_use bhutan forest_and_woodland "70%" );; line 13234 (wfb::source-text land_use bhutan other "23%" );; line 13236 (wfb::source-text irrigated_land bhutan "340 sq km (1989 est.)" );; line 13240 (wfb::source-text environment bhutan current_issues "soil erosion; limited access to potable water" );; line 13245 (wfb::source-text environment bhutan natural_hazards "violent storms coming down from the Himalayas are the source of the country's name which translates as Land of the Thunder Dragon; frequent landslides during the rainy season" );; line 13247 (wfb::source-text environment bhutan international_agreements "party to - Nuclear Test Ban; signed, but not ratified - Biodiversity, Climate Change, Law of the Sea" );; line 13251 (wfb::source-text note bhutan "landlocked; strategic location between China and India; controls several key Himalayan mountain passes" );; line 13256 (wfb::source-text population bhutan "1,780,638 (July 1995 est.)" );; line 13263 (wfb::source-text age_structure bhutan 0-14_years "40% (female 342,276; male 368,916)" );; line 13270 (wfb::source-text age_structure bhutan 15-64_years "56% (female 486,258; male 513,560)" );; line 13272 (wfb::source-text age_structure bhutan 65_years_and_over "4% (female 34,215; male 35,413) (July 1995 est.)" );; line 13274 (wfb::source-text population_growth_rate bhutan "2.34% (1995 est.)" );; line 13278 (wfb::source-text birth_rate bhutan "39.02 births/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 13282 (wfb::source-text death_rate bhutan "15.61 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 13286 (wfb::source-text net_migration_rate bhutan "0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 13290 (wfb::source-text infant_mortality_rate bhutan "118.6 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.)" );; line 13294 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth bhutan total_population "51.03 years" );; line 13299 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth bhutan male "51.56 years" );; line 13301 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth bhutan female "50.48 years (1995 est.)" );; line 13303 (wfb::source-text total_fertility_rate bhutan "5.39 children born/woman (1995 est.)" );; line 13307 (wfb::source-text nationality bhutan noun "Bhutanese (singular and plural)" );; line 13312 (wfb::source-text nationality bhutan adjective "Bhutanese" );; line 13314 (wfb::source-text ethnic-entity bhutan "Bhote 50%, ethnic Nepalese 35%, indigenous or migrant tribes 15%" );; line 13318 (wfb::source-text religion bhutan "Lamaistic Buddhism 75%, Indian- and Nepalese-influenced Hinduism 25%" );; line 13322 (wfb::source-text language bhutan "Dzongkha (official), Bhotes speak various Tibetan dialects; Nepalese speak various Nepalese dialects" );; line 13327 (wfb::source-text literacy bhutan "NA%" );; line 13332 (wfb::source-text total_labor_force bhutan "NA" );; line 13336 (wfb::source-text labor_force_by_occupation bhutan by_occupation "agriculture 93%, services 5%, industry and commerce 2%" );; line 13338 (wfb::source-text names bhutan conventional_long_form "Kingdom of Bhutan" );; line 13346 (wfb::source-text names bhutan conventional_short_form "Bhutan" );; line 13348 (wfb::source-text digraph bhutan "BT" );; line 13352 (wfb::source-text type bhutan "monarchy; special treaty relationship with India" );; line 13356 (wfb::source-text capital bhutan "Thimphu" );; line 13360 (wfb::source-text administrative_divisions bhutan "18 districts (dzongkhag, singular and plural); Bumthang, Chhukha, Chirang, Daga, Geylegphug, Ha, Lhuntshi, Mongar, Paro, Pemagatsel, Punakha, Samchi, Samdrup Jongkhar, Shemgang, Tashigang, Thimphu, Tongsa, Wangdi Phodrang" );; line 13364 (wfb::source-text independence bhutan "8 August 1949 (from India)" );; line 13371 (wfb::source-text national_holiday bhutan "National Day, 17 December (1907) (Ugyen Wangchuck became first hereditary king)" );; line 13375 (wfb::source-text constitution bhutan "no written constitution or bill of rights" );; line 13380 (wfb::source-text legal_system bhutan "based on Indian law and English common law; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction" );; line 13384 (wfb::source-text suffrage bhutan "each family has one vote in village-level elections" );; line 13389 (wfb::source-text executive_branch bhutan chief_of_state_and_head_of_government "King Jigme Singye WANGCHUCK (since 24 July 1972)" );; line 13394 (wfb::source-text executive_branch bhutan |Royal Advisory Council (Lodoi Tsokde)| "nominated by the king" );; line 13396 (wfb::source-text executive_branch bhutan cabinet "Council of Ministers (Lhengye Shungtsog); appointed by the king" );; line 13398 (wfb::source-text legislative_structure bhutan "unicameral National Assembly (Tshogdu); no national elections" );; line 13402 (wfb::source-text judicial_branch bhutan "High Court" );; line 13406 (wfb::source-text political_parties_and_leaders bhutan "no legal parties" );; line 13410 (wfb::source-text other_political_or_pressure_groups bhutan "Buddhist clergy; Indian merchant community; ethnic Nepalese organizations leading militant antigovernment campaign" );; line 13414 (wfb::source-text member_of bhutan "AsDB, CP, ESCAP, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFAD, IMF, INTELSAT, IOC, ITU, NAM, SAARC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WHO, WIPO" );; line 13419 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us bhutan "Bhutan has no embassy in the US, but does have a Permanent Mission to the UN, headed by Ugyen TSERING, located at 2 United Nations Plaza, 27th Floor, New York, NY 10017, telephone [1] (212) 826-1919; note - the Bhutanese mission to the UN has consular jurisdiction in the US" );; line 13424 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us bhutan |consulate(s) general| "New York" );; line 13429 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us bhutan |honorary consulate(s)| "San Francisco; Washington, DC" );; line 13431 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation bhutan "no formal diplomatic relations, although informal contact is maintained between the Bhutanese and US Embassy in New Delhi (India)" );; line 13435 (wfb::source-text flag bhutan "divided diagonally from the lower hoist side corner; the upper triangle is orange and the lower triangle is red; centered along the dividing line is a large black and white dragon facing away from the hoist side" );; line 13440 (wfb::source-text overview bhutan "The economy, one of the world's least developed, is based on agriculture and forestry, which provide the main livelihood for 90% of the population and account for about half of GDP. Agriculture consists largely of subsistence farming and animal husbandry. Rugged mountains dominate the terrain and make the building of roads and other infrastructure difficult and expensive. The economy is closely aligned with India's through strong trade and monetary links. The industrial sector is small and technologically backward, with most production of the cottage industry type. Most development projects, such as road construction, rely on Indian migrant labor. Bhutan's hydropower potential and its attraction for tourists are key resources; however, the government limits the number of tourists to 4,000 per year to minimize foreign influence. Much of the impetus for growth has come from large public-sector companies. Nevertheless, in recent years, Bhutan has shifted toward decentralized development planning and greater private initiative. The government privatized several large public-sector firms, is revamping its trade regime and liberalizing administerial procedures over industrial licensing. The government's industrial contribution to GDP decreased from 13% in 1988 to about 11% in 1993." );; line 13447 (wfb::source-text national_product bhutan "GDP - purchasing power parity - $1.2 billion (1994 est.)" );; line 13467 (wfb::source-text national_product_real_growth_rate bhutan "5% (1994 est.)" );; line 13471 (wfb::source-text national_product_per_capita bhutan "$700 (1994 est.)" );; line 13475 (wfb::source-text |Inflation rate (consumer prices)| bhutan "10% (October 1994)" );; line 13479 (wfb::source-text unemployment_rate bhutan "NA%" );; line 13483 (wfb::source-text budget bhutan revenues "$52 million" );; line 13488 (wfb::source-text budget bhutan expenditures "$150 million, including capital expenditures of $95 million (FY93/94 est.)" );; line 13490 (wfb::source-text exports bhutan "$66.8 million (f.o.b., FY93/94)" );; line 13498 (wfb::source-text exports bhutan commodities "cardamon, gypsum, timber, handicrafts, cement, fruit, electricity (to India), precious stones, spices" );; line 13500 (wfb::source-text exports bhutan partners "India 87%, Bangladesh" );; line 13503 (wfb::source-text imports bhutan "$97.6 million (c.i.f., FY93/94 est.)" );; line 13507 (wfb::source-text imports bhutan commodities "fuel and lubricants, grain, machinery and parts, vehicles, fabrics, rice" );; line 13509 (wfb::source-text imports bhutan partners "India 79%, Japan, UK, Germany, US" );; line 13512 (wfb::source-text external_debt bhutan "$141 million (October 1994)" );; line 13516 (wfb::source-text industrial_production bhutan "growth rate 7.6% (1992 est.); accounts for 18% of GDP; primarily cottage industry and home based handicrafts" );; line 13520 (wfb::source-text electricity bhutan capacity "360,000 kW" );; line 13526 (wfb::source-text electricity bhutan production "1.7 billion kWh" );; line 13528 (wfb::source-text electricity bhutan consumption_per_capita "143 kWh (1993)" );; line 13530 (wfb::source-text industry bhutan "cement, wood products, processed fruits, alcoholic beverages, calcium carbide" );; line 13536 (wfb::source-text agriculture bhutan "rice, corn, root crops, citrus fruit, dairy products, foodgrains, eggs" );; line 13541 (wfb::source-text economic_aid bhutan recipient "Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-89), $115 million; OPEC bilateral aid (1979-89), $11 million" );; line 13547 (wfb::source-text currency bhutan "1 ngultrum (Nu) = 100 chetrum; note - Indian currency is also legal tender" );; line 13552 (wfb::source-text exchange_rates bhutan "ngultrum (Nu) per US$1 - 31.374 (January 1995), 31.374 (1994), 30.493 (1993), 25.918 (1992), 22.742 (1991), 17.504 (1990); note - the Bhutanese ngultrum is at par with the Indian rupee" );; line 13557 (wfb::source-text fiscal_year bhutan "1 July - 30 June" );; line 13563 (wfb::source-text railroads bhutan "0 km" );; line 13568 (wfb::source-text highways bhutan total "2,165 km" );; line 13573 (wfb::source-text highways bhutan paved "NA" );; line 13575 (wfb::source-text highways bhutan unpaved "gravel 1,703 km" );; line 13577 (wfb::source-text highways bhutan undifferentiated "462 km" );; line 13579 (wfb::source-text port bhutan "none" );; line 13583 (wfb::source-text airports bhutan total "2" );; line 13588 (wfb::source-text airports bhutan |with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m| "1" );; line 13590 (wfb::source-text airports bhutan |with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m| "1" );; line 13592 (wfb::source-text telephone_system bhutan "NA telephones; domestic telephone service is very poor with very few telephones in use" );; line 13597 (wfb::source-text telephone_system bhutan local "NA" );; line 13600 (wfb::source-text telephone_system bhutan intercity "NA" );; line 13602 (wfb::source-text telephone_system bhutan international "international telephone and telegraph service is by land line through India; an earth station was planned (1990)" );; line 13604 (wfb::source-text radio bhutan broadcast_stations "AM 1, FM 1, shortwave 0 (1990)" );; line 13610 (wfb::source-text radio bhutan radios "NA" );; line 13612 (wfb::source-text television bhutan broadcast_stations "0 (1990)" );; line 13617 (wfb::source-text television bhutan televisions "NA" );; line 13619 (wfb::source-text defense_branch bhutan "Royal Bhutan Army, Palace Guard, Militia, Royal Bhutan Police" );; line 13625 (wfb::source-text manpower_availability bhutan "males age 15-49 434,586; males fit for military service 232,121; males reach military age (18) annually 17,365 (1995 est.)" );; line 13629 (wfb::source-text defense_expenditures bhutan "$NA, NA% of GDP" );; line 13634 (wfb::source-text location bolivia "Central South America, southwest of Brazil" );; line 13644 (wfb::source-text map_references bolivia "South America" );; line 13648 (wfb::source-text area bolivia total_area "1,098,580 sq km" );; line 13653 (wfb::source-text area bolivia land_area "1,084,390 sq km" );; line 13655 (wfb::source-text area bolivia comparative_area "slightly less than three times the size of Montana" );; line 13657 (wfb::source-text borders bolivia "total 6,743 km, Argentina 832 km, Brazil 3,400 km, Chile 861 km, Paraguay 750 km, Peru 900 km" );; line 13661 (wfb::source-text coastline bolivia "0 km (landlocked)" );; line 13666 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims bolivia "none; landlocked" );; line 13670 (wfb::source-text international_disputes bolivia "has wanted a sovereign corridor to the South Pacific Ocean since the Atacama area was lost to Chile in 1884; dispute with Chile over Rio Lauca water rights" );; line 13674 (wfb::source-text climate bolivia "varies with altitude; humid and tropical to cold and semiarid" );; line 13680 (wfb::source-text terrain bolivia "rugged Andes Mountains with a highland plateau (Altiplano), hills, lowland plains of the Amazon Basin" );; line 13684 (wfb::source-text natural-resource bolivia "tin, natural gas, petroleum, zinc, tungsten, antimony, silver, iron, lead, gold, timber" );; line 13689 (wfb::source-text land_use bolivia arable_land "3%" );; line 13695 (wfb::source-text land_use bolivia permanent_crops "0%" );; line 13697 (wfb::source-text land_use bolivia meadows_and_pastures "25%" );; line 13699 (wfb::source-text land_use bolivia forest_and_woodland "52%" );; line 13701 (wfb::source-text land_use bolivia other "20%" );; line 13703 (wfb::source-text irrigated_land bolivia "1,650 sq km (1989 est.)" );; line 13707 (wfb::source-text environment bolivia current_issues "the clearing of land for agricultural purposes and the international demand for tropical timber are contributing to deforestation; soil erosion from overgrazing and poor cultivation methods (including slash-and-burn agriculture); desertification; loss of biodiversity; industrial pollution of water supplies used for drinking and irrigation" );; line 13712 (wfb::source-text environment bolivia natural_hazards "cold, thin air of high plateau is obstacle to efficient fuel combustion, as well as to physical activity by those unaccustomed to it from birth; flooding in the northeast (March to April)" );; line 13718 (wfb::source-text environment bolivia international_agreements "party to - Biodiversity, Climate Change, Endangered Species, Nuclear Test Ban, Tropical Timber 83, Wetlands; signed, but not ratified - Desertification, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection" );; line 13722 (wfb::source-text note bolivia "landlocked; shares control of Lago Titicaca, world's highest navigable lake (elevation 3,805 m), with Peru" );; line 13729 (wfb::source-text population bolivia "7,896,254 (July 1995 est.)" );; line 13736 (wfb::source-text age_structure bolivia 0-14_years "39% (female 1,542,931; male 1,565,624)" );; line 13741 (wfb::source-text age_structure bolivia 15-64_years "57% (female 2,276,308; male 2,188,100)" );; line 13743 (wfb::source-text age_structure bolivia 65_years_and_over "4% (female 174,419; male 148,872) (July 1995 est.)" );; line 13745 (wfb::source-text population_growth_rate bolivia "2.25% (1995 est.)" );; line 13749 (wfb::source-text birth_rate bolivia "31.61 births/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 13753 (wfb::source-text death_rate bolivia "8.12 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 13757 (wfb::source-text net_migration_rate bolivia "-1.01 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 13761 (wfb::source-text infant_mortality_rate bolivia "70.6 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.)" );; line 13765 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth bolivia total_population "63.85 years" );; line 13770 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth bolivia male "61.39 years" );; line 13772 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth bolivia female "66.43 years (1995 est.)" );; line 13774 (wfb::source-text total_fertility_rate bolivia "4.1 children born/woman (1995 est.)" );; line 13778 (wfb::source-text nationality bolivia noun "Bolivian(s)" );; line 13783 (wfb::source-text nationality bolivia adjective "Bolivian" );; line 13785 (wfb::source-text ethnic-entity bolivia "Quechua 30%, Aymara 25%, mestizo (mixed European and Indian ancestry) 25%-30%, European 5%-15%" );; line 13789 (wfb::source-text religion bolivia "Roman Catholic 95%, Protestant (Evangelical Methodist)" );; line 13794 (wfb::source-text language bolivia "Spanish (official), Quechua (official), Aymara (official)" );; line 13798 (wfb::source-text literacy bolivia "age 15 and over can read and write (1992)" );; line 13802 (wfb::source-text literacy bolivia total_population "80%" );; line 13804 (wfb::source-text literacy bolivia male "88%" );; line 13806 (wfb::source-text literacy bolivia female "72%" );; line 13808 (wfb::source-text total_labor_force bolivia "3.54 million" );; line 13812 (wfb::source-text labor_force_by_occupation bolivia by_occupation "agriculture NA, services and utilities 20%, manufacturing, mining and construction 7% (1993)" );; line 13814 (wfb::source-text names bolivia conventional_long_form "Republic of Bolivia" );; line 13821 (wfb::source-text names bolivia conventional_short_form "Bolivia" );; line 13823 (wfb::source-text names bolivia local_long_form "Republica de Bolivia" );; line 13825 (wfb::source-text names bolivia local_short_form "Bolivia" );; line 13827 (wfb::source-text digraph bolivia "BL" );; line 13831 (wfb::source-text type bolivia "republic" );; line 13835 (wfb::source-text capital bolivia "La Paz (seat of government); Sucre (legal capital and seat of judiciary)" );; line 13839 (wfb::source-text administrative_divisions bolivia "9 departments (departamentos, singular - departamento); Chuquisaca, Cochabamba, Beni, La Paz, Oruro, Pando, Potosi, Santa Cruz, Tarija" );; line 13844 (wfb::source-text independence bolivia "6 August 1825 (from Spain)" );; line 13849 (wfb::source-text national_holiday bolivia "Independence Day, 6 August (1825)" );; line 13853 (wfb::source-text constitution bolivia "2 February 1967" );; line 13857 (wfb::source-text legal_system bolivia "based on Spanish law and Code Napoleon; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction" );; line 13861 (wfb::source-text suffrage bolivia "18 years of age, universal and compulsory (married); 21 years of age, universal and compulsory (single)" );; line 13866 (wfb::source-text executive_branch bolivia chief_of_state_and_head_of_government "President Gonzalo SANCHEZ DE LOZADA Bustamente (since 6 August 1993); Vice President Victor Hugo CARDENAS Conde (since 6 August 1993); election last held 6 June 1993 (next to be held May 1997); results - Gonzalo SANCHEZ DE LOZADA (MNR) 34%, Hugo BANZER Suarez (ADN/MIR alliance) 20%, Carlos PALENQUE Aviles (CONDEPA) 14%, Max FERNANDEZ Rojas (UCS) 13%, Antonio ARANIBAR Quiroga (MBL) 5%; no candidate received a majority of the popular vote; Gonzalo SANCHEZ DE LOZADA won a congressional runoff election on 4 August 1993 after forming a coalition with Max FERNANDEZ and Antonio ARANIBAR; FERNANDEZ left the coalition in 1994" );; line 13872 (wfb::source-text executive_branch bolivia cabinet "Cabinet; appointed by the president from panel proposed by the Senate" );; line 13882 (wfb::source-text legislative_structure bolivia "bicameral National Congress (Congreso Nacional)" );; line 13887 (wfb::source-text legislative_branch bolivia |Chamber of Deputies (Camara de Diputados)| "elections last held 6 June 1993 (next to be held May 1997); results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (130 total) MNR 52, UCS 20, ADN 17, MIR 17, CONDEPA 13, MBL 7, ARBOL 1, ASD 1, EJE 1, PCD 1" );; line 13889 (wfb::source-text legislative_branch bolivia |Chamber of Senators (Camara de Senadores)| "elections last held 6 June 1993 (next to be held May 1997); results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (27 total) MNR 17, ADN 4, MIR 4, CONDEPA 1, UCS 1" );; line 13893 (wfb::source-text judicial_branch bolivia "Supreme Court (Corte Suprema)" );; line 13899 (wfb::source-text political_parties_and_leaders bolivia left_parties "Free Bolivia Movement (MBL), Antonio ARANIBAR; April 9 Revolutionary Vanguard (VR-9), Carlos SERRATE; Alternative of Democratic Socialism (ASD), Jerjes JUSTIANO; Revolutionary Front of the Left (FRI), Oscar ZAMORA; Bolivian Socialist Falange (FSB); Socialist Unzaguista Movement (MAS); Socialist Party One (PS-1); Bolivian Communist Party (PCB)" );; line 13904 (wfb::source-text political_parties_and_leaders bolivia center-left_parties "Nationalist Revolutionary Movement (MNR), Gonzalo SANCHEZ DE LOZADA; Movement of the Revolutionary Left (MIR), Jaime PAZ Zamora, Oscar EID; Christian Democrat (PCD), Jorge AGREDA" );; line 13910 (wfb::source-text political_parties_and_leaders bolivia center-right_party "Nationalist Democratic Action (ADN), Jorge LANDIVAR, Hugo BANZER" );; line 13914 (wfb::source-text political_parties_and_leaders bolivia populist_parties "Civic Solidarity Union (UCS), Max FERNANDEZ Rojas; Conscience of the Fatherland (CONDEPA), Carlos PALENQUE Aviles; Popular Patriotic Movement (MPP), Julio MANTILLA; Unity and Progress Movement (MUP), Ivo KULJIS" );; line 13916 (wfb::source-text political_parties_and_leaders bolivia evangelical "Bolivian Renovating Alliance (ARBOL), Hugo VILLEGAS" );; line 13920 (wfb::source-text political_parties_and_leaders bolivia indigenous "Tupac Katari Revolutionary Liberation Movement (MRTK-L), Victor Hugo CARDENAS Conde; Patriotic Axis of Convergence (EJE-P), Ramiro BARRANCHEA; National Katarista Movement (MKN), Fernando UNTOJA" );; line 13922 (wfb::source-text member_of bolivia "AG, ECLAC, FAO, G-11, G-77, GATT, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, IOM, ITU, LAES, LAIA, NAM, OAS, OPANAL, PCA, RG, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO" );; line 13928 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us bolivia chief_of_mission "Ambassador Andres PETRICEVIC Raznatovic" );; line 13936 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us bolivia chancery "3014 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008" );; line 13938 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us bolivia telephone "[1] (202) 483-4410 through 4412" );; line 13940 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us bolivia fax "[1] (202) 328-3712" );; line 13942 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us bolivia |consulate(s) general| "Miami, New York, and San Francisco" );; line 13944 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation bolivia chief_of_mission "Ambassador Curt Warren KAMMAN" );; line 13949 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation bolivia embassy "Avenida Arce 2780, San Jorge, La Paz" );; line 13951 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation bolivia mailing_address "P. O. Box 425, La Paz; APO AA 34032" );; line 13953 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation bolivia telephone "[591] (2) 430251" );; line 13955 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation bolivia fax "[591] (2) 4339000" );; line 13957 (wfb::source-text flag bolivia "three equal horizontal bands of red (top), yellow, and green with the coat of arms centered on the yellow band; similar to the flag of Ghana, which has a large black five-pointed star centered in the yellow band" );; line 13961 (wfb::source-text overview bolivia "With its long history of semifeudal social controls, dependence on volatile prices for its mineral exports, and bouts of hyperinflation, Bolivia has remained one of the poorest and least developed Latin American countries. However, Bolivia has experienced generally improving economic conditions since the PAZ Estenssoro administration (1985-89) introduced market-oriented policies which reduced inflation from 11,700% in 1985 to about 20% in 1988. PAZ Estenssoro was followed as President by Jaime PAZ Zamora (1989-93) who continued the free-market policies of his predecessor, despite opposition from his own party and from Bolivia's once powerful labor movement. By maintaining fiscal discipline, PAZ Zamora helped reduce inflation to 9.3% in 1993, while GDP grew by an annual average of 3.25% during his tenure. Inaugurated in August 1993, President SANCHEZ DE LOZADA has vowed to advance the market-oriented economic reforms he helped launch as PAZ Estenssoro's planning minister. His successes so far have included an inflation rate that continues to decrease - the 1994 rate of 8.5% was the lowest in ten years - the signing of a free trade agreement with Mexico, and progress on his unique privatization plan. The main privatization bill was passed by the Bolivian legislature in late March 1994. Related laws - one that establishes SIRESE, the regulatory agency that will oversee the privatizations, and another that outlines the rules for privatization in the electricity sector - were approved later in the year." );; line 13968 (wfb::source-text national_product bolivia "GDP - purchasing power parity - $18.3 billion (1994 est.)" );; line 13992 (wfb::source-text national_product_real_growth_rate bolivia "4.2% (1994 est.)" );; line 13996 (wfb::source-text national_product_per_capita bolivia "$2,370 (1994 est.)" );; line 14000 (wfb::source-text |Inflation rate (consumer prices)| bolivia "8.5% (1994 est.)" );; line 14004 (wfb::source-text unemployment_rate bolivia "6.2% (1994 est.)" );; line 14008 (wfb::source-text budget bolivia revenues "$3.75 billion" );; line 14013 (wfb::source-text budget bolivia expenditures "$3.75 billion, including capital expenditures of $556.2 million (1995 est.)" );; line 14015 (wfb::source-text exports bolivia "$1.1 billion (f.o.b., 1994 est.)" );; line 14020 (wfb::source-text exports bolivia commodities "metals 39%, natural gas 9%, soybeans 11%, jewelry 11%, wood 8%" );; line 14022 (wfb::source-text exports bolivia partners "US 26%, Argentina 15% (1993 est.)" );; line 14024 (wfb::source-text imports bolivia "$1.21 billion (c.i.f., 1994 est.)" );; line 14028 (wfb::source-text imports bolivia commodities "capital goods 48%, chemicals 11%, petroleum 5%, food 5% (1993 est.)" );; line 14030 (wfb::source-text imports bolivia partners "US 24%, Argentina 13%, Brazil 11%, Japan 11% (1993 est.)" );; line 14033 (wfb::source-text external_debt bolivia "$4.2 billion (January 1995)" );; line 14037 (wfb::source-text industrial_production bolivia "growth rate 5% (1994 est.)" );; line 14041 (wfb::source-text electricity bolivia capacity "756,200 kW" );; line 14046 (wfb::source-text electricity bolivia production "2.116 billion kWh" );; line 14048 (wfb::source-text electricity bolivia consumption_per_capita "367 kWh (1994)" );; line 14050 (wfb::source-text industry bolivia "mining, smelting, petroleum, food and beverage, tobacco, handicrafts, clothing; illicit drug industry reportedly produces 15% of its revenues" );; line 14054 (wfb::source-text agriculture bolivia "accounts for about 21% of GDP (including forestry and fisheries); principal commodities - coffee, coca, cotton, corn, sugarcane, rice, potatoes, timber; self-sufficient in food" );; line 14060 (wfb::source-text illicit_drugs bolivia "world's second-largest producer of coca (after Peru) with an estimated 48,100 hectares under cultivation in 1994; voluntary and forced eradication programs unable to prevent production from rising to 89,800 metric tons in 1994 from 84,400 tons in 1993; government considers all but 12,000 hectares illicit; intermediate coca products and cocaine exported to or through Colombia and Brazil to the US and other international drug markets; alternative crop program aims to reduce illicit coca cultivation" );; line 14066 (wfb::source-text economic_aid bolivia recipient "US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-89), $990 million; Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-89), $2.025 billion; Communist countries (1970-89), $340 million" );; line 14077 (wfb::source-text currency bolivia "1 boliviano ($B) = 100 centavos" );; line 14083 (wfb::source-text exchange_rates bolivia "bolivianos ($B) per US$1 - 4.72 (January 1995), 4.6205 (1994), 4.2651 (1993), 3.9005 (1992), 3.5806 (1991), 3.1727 (1990)" );; line 14087 (wfb::source-text fiscal_year bolivia "calendar year" );; line 14092 (wfb::source-text railroads bolivia total "3,684 km (single track)" );; line 14098 (wfb::source-text railroads bolivia narrow_gauge "3,652 km 1.000-m gauge; 32 km 0.760-m gauge" );; line 14100 (wfb::source-text highways bolivia total "42,815 km" );; line 14105 (wfb::source-text highways bolivia paved "1,865 km" );; line 14107 (wfb::source-text highways bolivia unpaved "gravel 12,000 km; improved/unimproved earth 28,950 km" );; line 14109 (wfb::source-text inland_waterways bolivia "10,000 km of commercially navigable waterways" );; line 14113 (wfb::source-text pipelines bolivia "crude oil 1,800 km; petroleum products 580 km; natural gas 1,495 km" );; line 14117 (wfb::source-text port bolivia "none; however, Bolivia has free port privileges in the maritime ports of Argentina, Brazil, Chile, and Paraguay" );; line 14122 (wfb::source-text merchant_marine bolivia total "1 cargo ship (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 4,214 GRT/6,390 DWT" );; line 14128 (wfb::source-text airports bolivia total "1,382" );; line 14133 (wfb::source-text airports bolivia |with paved runways over 3,047 m| "3" );; line 14135 (wfb::source-text airports bolivia |with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m| "3" );; line 14137 (wfb::source-text airports bolivia |with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m| "3" );; line 14139 (wfb::source-text airports bolivia with_paved_runways_under_914_m "1,016" );; line 14141 (wfb::source-text airports bolivia |with unpaved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m| "5" );; line 14143 (wfb::source-text airports bolivia |with unpaved runways 1,524 to 2,438 m| "77" );; line 14145 (wfb::source-text airports bolivia |with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m| "275" );; line 14147 (wfb::source-text telephone_system bolivia "about 150,000 telephones; about 2.0 telephones/100 persons; new subscribers face bureaucratic difficulties; most telephones in La Paz and other cities; microwave radio relay system being expanded; improved international services" );; line 14152 (wfb::source-text telephone_system bolivia local "NA" );; line 14157 (wfb::source-text telephone_system bolivia intercity "microwave radio relay system" );; line 14159 (wfb::source-text telephone_system bolivia international "1 INTELSAT (Atlantic Ocean) earth station" );; line 14161 (wfb::source-text radio bolivia broadcast_stations "AM 129, FM 0, shortwave 68" );; line 14166 (wfb::source-text radio bolivia radios "NA" );; line 14168 (wfb::source-text television bolivia broadcast_stations "43" );; line 14173 (wfb::source-text television bolivia televisions "NA" );; line 14175 (wfb::source-text defense_branch bolivia "Army (Ejercito Boliviano), Navy (Fuerza Naval Boliviana, includes Marines), Air Force (Fuerza Aerea Boliviana), National Police Force (Policia Nacional de Bolivia)" );; line 14181 (wfb::source-text manpower_availability bolivia "males age 15-49 1,885,485; males fit for military service 1,226,218; males reach military age (19) annually 81,065 (1995 est.)" );; line 14187 (wfb::source-text defense_expenditures bolivia "exchange rate conversion - $134 million; 1.9% of GDP (1994)" );; line 14192 (wfb::source-text location bosnia_and_herzegovina "Southeastern Europe, bordering the Adriatic Sea and Croatia" );; line 14217 (wfb::source-text map_references bosnia_and_herzegovina "Ethnic Groups in Eastern Europe, Europe" );; line 14221 (wfb::source-text area bosnia_and_herzegovina total_area "51,233 sq km" );; line 14226 (wfb::source-text area bosnia_and_herzegovina land_area "51,233 sq km" );; line 14228 (wfb::source-text area bosnia_and_herzegovina comparative_area "slightly larger than Tennessee" );; line 14230 (wfb::source-text borders bosnia_and_herzegovina "total 1,459 km, Croatia 932 km, Serbia and Montenegro 527 km (312 km with Serbia; 215 km with Montenegro)" );; line 14234 (wfb::source-text coastline bosnia_and_herzegovina "20 km" );; line 14239 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims bosnia_and_herzegovina "NA" );; line 14243 (wfb::source-text international_disputes bosnia_and_herzegovina "as of January 1995, Bosnian Government and Bosnian Serb leaders remain far apart on territorial and constitutional solutions for Bosnia; the two sides did, however, sign a four-month cessation of hostilities agreement effective January 1; the Bosnian Serbs continue to reject the Contact Group Plan submitted by the United States, United Kingdom, France, Germany, and Russia, and accepted by the Bosnian Government, which stands firm in its desire to regain lost territory and preserve Bosnia as a multiethnic state within its current borders; Bosnian Serb forces control approximately 70% of Bosnian territory" );; line 14247 (wfb::source-text climate bosnia_and_herzegovina "hot summers and cold winters; areas of high elevation have short, cool summers and long, severe winters; mild, rainy winters along coast" );; line 14259 (wfb::source-text terrain bosnia_and_herzegovina "mountains and valleys" );; line 14264 (wfb::source-text natural-resource bosnia_and_herzegovina "coal, iron, bauxite, manganese, timber, wood products, copper, chromium, lead, zinc" );; line 14268 (wfb::source-text land_use bosnia_and_herzegovina arable_land "20%" );; line 14274 (wfb::source-text land_use bosnia_and_herzegovina permanent_crops "2%" );; line 14276 (wfb::source-text land_use bosnia_and_herzegovina meadows_and_pastures "25%" );; line 14278 (wfb::source-text land_use bosnia_and_herzegovina forest_and_woodland "36%" );; line 14280 (wfb::source-text land_use bosnia_and_herzegovina other "17%" );; line 14282 (wfb::source-text irrigated_land bosnia_and_herzegovina "NA sq km" );; line 14286 (wfb::source-text environment bosnia_and_herzegovina current_issues "air pollution from metallurgical plants; sites for disposing of urban waste are limited; widespread casualties, water shortages, and destruction of infrastructure because of civil strife" );; line 14291 (wfb::source-text environment bosnia_and_herzegovina natural_hazards "frequent and destructive earthquakes" );; line 14295 (wfb::source-text environment bosnia_and_herzegovina international_agreements "party to - Air Pollution, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection" );; line 14297 (wfb::source-text population bosnia_and_herzegovina "3,201,823 (July 1995 est.)" );; line 14304 (wfb::source-text age_structure bosnia_and_herzegovina 0-14_years "22% (female 337,787; male 370,966)" );; line 14312 (wfb::source-text age_structure bosnia_and_herzegovina 15-64_years "68% (female 1,082,357; male 1,085,610)" );; line 14314 (wfb::source-text age_structure bosnia_and_herzegovina 65_years_and_over "10% (female 190,992; male 134,111) (July 1995 est.)" );; line 14316 (wfb::source-text population_growth_rate bosnia_and_herzegovina "0.65% (1995 est.)" );; line 14320 (wfb::source-text birth_rate bosnia_and_herzegovina "11.29 births/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 14324 (wfb::source-text death_rate bosnia_and_herzegovina "7.51 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 14328 (wfb::source-text net_migration_rate bosnia_and_herzegovina "2.72 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 14332 (wfb::source-text infant_mortality_rate bosnia_and_herzegovina "11.6 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.)" );; line 14336 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth bosnia_and_herzegovina total_population "75.47 years" );; line 14341 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth bosnia_and_herzegovina male "72.75 years" );; line 14343 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth bosnia_and_herzegovina female "78.37 years (1995 est.)" );; line 14345 (wfb::source-text total_fertility_rate bosnia_and_herzegovina "1.65 children born/woman (1995 est.)" );; line 14349 (wfb::source-text nationality bosnia_and_herzegovina noun "Bosnian(s), Herzegovinian(s)" );; line 14354 (wfb::source-text nationality bosnia_and_herzegovina adjective "Bosnian, Herzegovinian" );; line 14356 (wfb::source-text ethnic-entity bosnia_and_herzegovina "Muslim 38%, Serb 40%, Croat 22% (est.)" );; line 14360 (wfb::source-text religion bosnia_and_herzegovina "Muslim 40%, Orthodox 31%, Catholic 15%, Protestant 4%, other 10%" );; line 14364 (wfb::source-text language bosnia_and_herzegovina "Serbo-Croatian 99%" );; line 14368 (wfb::source-text literacy bosnia_and_herzegovina "NA%" );; line 14372 (wfb::source-text total_labor_force bosnia_and_herzegovina "1,026,254" );; line 14376 (wfb::source-text labor_force_by_occupation bosnia_and_herzegovina by_occupation "NA%" );; line 14378 (wfb::source-text note bosnia_and_herzegovina "The US recognizes the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina. The Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, formed by the Muslims and Croats in March 1994, remains in the implementation stages." );; line 14383 (wfb::source-text names bosnia_and_herzegovina conventional_long_form "Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina" );; line 14390 (wfb::source-text names bosnia_and_herzegovina conventional_short_form "Bosnia and Herzegovina" );; line 14392 (wfb::source-text names bosnia_and_herzegovina local_long_form "Republika Bosna i Hercegovina" );; line 14394 (wfb::source-text names bosnia_and_herzegovina local_short_form "Bosna i Hercegovina" );; line 14396 (wfb::source-text digraph bosnia_and_herzegovina "BK" );; line 14400 (wfb::source-text type bosnia_and_herzegovina "emerging democracy" );; line 14404 (wfb::source-text capital bosnia_and_herzegovina "Sarajevo" );; line 14408 (wfb::source-text administrative_divisions bosnia_and_herzegovina "109 districts (opstinas, singular - opstina) Banovici, Banja Luka, Bihac, Bijeljina, Bileca, Bosanska Dubica, Bosanska Gradiska, Bosanska Krupa, Bosanski Brod, Bosanski Novi, Bosanski Petrovac, Bosanski Samac, Bosansko Grahovo, Bratunac, Brcko, Breza, Bugojno, Busovaca, Cazin, Cajnice, Capljina, Celinac, Citluk, Derventa, Doboj, Donji Vakuf, Foca, Fojnica, Gacko, Glamoc, Gorazde, Gornji Vakuf, Gracanica, Gradacac, Grude, Han Pijesak, Jablanica, Jajce, Kakanj, Kalesija, Kalinovik, Kiseljak, Kladanj, Kljuc, Konjic, Kotor Varos, Kresevo, Kupres, Laktasi, Listica, Livno, Lopare, Lukavac, Ljubinje, Ljubuski, Maglaj, Modrica, Mostar, Mrkonjic-Grad, Neum, Nevesinje, Odzak, Olovo, Orasje, Posusje, Prijedor, Prnjavor, Prozor, (Pucarevo) Novi Travnik, Rogatica, Rudo, Sanski Most, Sarajevo-Centar, Sarajevo-Hadzici, Sarajevo-Ilidza, Sarajevo-Ilijas, Sarajevo-Novi Grad, Sarajevo-Novo, Sarajevo-Pale, Sarajevo-Stari Grad, Sarajevo-Trnovo, Sarajevo-Vogosca, Skender Vakuf, Sokolac, Srbac, Srebrenica, Srebrenik, Stolac, Sekovici, Sipovo, Teslic, Tesanj, Drvar, Duvno, Travnik, Trebinje, Tuzla, Ugljevik, Vares, Velika Kladusa, Visoko, Visegrad, Vitez, Vlasenica, Zavidovici, Zenica, Zvornik, Zepce, Zivinice" );; line 14412 (wfb::source-text independence bosnia_and_herzegovina "NA April 1992 (from Yugoslavia)" );; line 14434 (wfb::source-text national_holiday bosnia_and_herzegovina "NA" );; line 14438 (wfb::source-text constitution bosnia_and_herzegovina "promulgated in 1974 (under the Communists), amended 1989, 1990, and 1991; the Assembly planned to draft a new constitution in 1991, before conditions deteriorated; constitution of Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina (including Muslim and Croatian controlled parts of Republic) ratified April 1994" );; line 14442 (wfb::source-text legal_system bosnia_and_herzegovina "based on civil law system" );; line 14449 (wfb::source-text suffrage bosnia_and_herzegovina "16 years of age, if employed; 18 years of age, universal" );; line 14453 (wfb::source-text executive_branch bosnia_and_herzegovina chief_of_state "President Alija IZETBEGOVIC (since 20 December 1990), other members of the collective presidency: Ejup GANIC (since NA November 1990), Nijaz DURAKOVIC (since NA October 1993), Stjepan KLJUJIC (since NA October 1993), Ivo KOMSIC (since NA October 1993), Mirko PEJANOVIC (since NA June 1992), Tatjana LJUJIC-MIJATOVIC (since NA December 1992)" );; line 14458 (wfb::source-text executive_branch bosnia_and_herzegovina head_of_government "Prime Minister Haris SILAJDZIC (since NA October 1993)" );; line 14464 (wfb::source-text executive_branch bosnia_and_herzegovina cabinet "executive body of ministers; members of, and responsible to, the National Assembly" );; line 14466 (wfb::source-text legislative_structure bosnia_and_herzegovina "bicameral National Assembly" );; line 14475 (wfb::source-text legislative_branch bosnia_and_herzegovina |Chamber of Municipalities (Vijece Opeina)| "elections last held November-December 1990 (next to be held NA); percent of vote by party NA; seats - (110 total) SDA 43, SDS BiH 38, HDZ BiH 23, Party of Democratic Changes 4, DSS 1, SPO 1" );; line 14477 (wfb::source-text legislative_branch bosnia_and_herzegovina |Chamber of Citizens (Vijece Gradanstvo)| "elections last held November-December 1990 (next to be held NA); percent of vote by party NA; seats - (130 total) SDA 43, SDS BiH 34, HDZ BiH 21, Party of Democratic Changes 15, SRSJ BiH 12, LBO 2, DSS 1, DSZ 1, LS 1" );; line 14481 (wfb::source-text judicial_branch bosnia_and_herzegovina "Supreme Court, Constitutional Court" );; line 14490 (wfb::source-text political_parties_and_leaders bosnia_and_herzegovina "Party of Democratic Action (SDA), Alija IZETBEGOVIC; Croatian Democratic Union of Bosnia and Herzegovina (HDZ BiH), Dario KORDIC; Serbian Democratic Party of Bosnia and Herzegovina (SDS BiH), Radovan KARADZIC, president; Liberal Bosnian Organization (LBO), Adil ZULFIKARPASIC, president; Democratic Party of Socialists (DSS), Nijaz DURAKOVIC, president; Party of Democratic Changes, leader NA; Serbian Movement for Renewal (SPO), Milan TRIVUNCIC; Alliance of Reform Forces of Yugoslavia for Bosnia and Herzegovina (SRSJ BiH), Dr. Nenad KECMANOVIC, president; Democratic League of Greens (DSZ), Drazen PETROVIC; Liberal Party (LS), Rasim KADIC, president" );; line 14494 (wfb::source-text other_political_or_pressure_groups bosnia_and_herzegovina "NA" );; line 14506 (wfb::source-text member_of bosnia_and_herzegovina "CE (guest), CEI, ECE, FAO, ICAO, IFAD, ILO, IMO, INTELSAT (nonsignatory user), INTERPOL, IOC, IOM (observer), ITU, NAM (guest), OSCE, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WTO" );; line 14510 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us bosnia_and_herzegovina chief_of_mission "Ambassador Sven ALKALAJ" );; line 14517 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us bosnia_and_herzegovina chancery "Suite 760, 1707 L Street NW, Washington, DC 20036" );; line 14519 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us bosnia_and_herzegovina telephone "[1] (202) 833-3612, 3613, 3615" );; line 14521 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us bosnia_and_herzegovina fax "[1] (202) 833-2061" );; line 14523 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us bosnia_and_herzegovina |consulate(s) general| "New York" );; line 14525 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation bosnia_and_herzegovina chief_of_mission "Ambassador Victor JACKOVICH" );; line 14530 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation bosnia_and_herzegovina embassy "address NA" );; line 14532 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation bosnia_and_herzegovina mailing_address "American Embassy Bosnia, c/o AmEmbassy Vienna Boltzmangasse 16, A-1091, Vienna, Austria; APO: (Bosnia) Vienna, Department of State, Washington, DC 20521-9900" );; line 14534 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation bosnia_and_herzegovina telephone "[43] (1) 313-39" );; line 14538 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation bosnia_and_herzegovina fax "[43] (1) 310-0682" );; line 14540 (wfb::source-text flag bosnia_and_herzegovina "white with a large blue shield; the shield contains white Roman crosses with a white diagonal band running from the upper hoist corner to the lower fly side" );; line 14544 (wfb::source-text overview bosnia_and_herzegovina "Bosnia and Herzegovina ranked next to The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia as the poorest republic in the old Yugoslav federation. Although agriculture has been almost all in private hands, farms have been small and inefficient, and the republic traditionally has been a net importer of food. Industry has been greatly overstaffed, one reflection of the rigidities of Communist central planning and management. TITO had pushed the development of military industries in the republic with the result that Bosnia hosted a large share of Yugoslavia's defense plants. As of February 1995, Bosnia and Herzegovina was being torn apart by the continued bitter interethnic warfare that has caused production to plummet, unemployment and inflation to soar, and human misery to multiply. No economic statistics for 1992-94 are available, although output clearly has fallen substantially below the levels of earlier years and almost certainly is well below $1,000 per head. The country receives substantial amounts of humanitarian aid from the international community." );; line 14551 (wfb::source-text national_product bosnia_and_herzegovina "GDP - purchasing power parity - $NA" );; line 14569 (wfb::source-text national_product_real_growth_rate bosnia_and_herzegovina "NA%" );; line 14573 (wfb::source-text national_product_per_capita bosnia_and_herzegovina "$NA" );; line 14577 (wfb::source-text |Inflation rate (consumer prices)| bosnia_and_herzegovina "NA%" );; line 14581 (wfb::source-text unemployment_rate bosnia_and_herzegovina "NA%" );; line 14585 (wfb::source-text budget bosnia_and_herzegovina revenues "$NA" );; line 14590 (wfb::source-text budget bosnia_and_herzegovina expenditures "$NA, including capital expenditures of $NA" );; line 14592 (wfb::source-text exports bosnia_and_herzegovina "$NA" );; line 14596 (wfb::source-text exports bosnia_and_herzegovina commodities "NA" );; line 14598 (wfb::source-text exports bosnia_and_herzegovina partners "NA" );; line 14600 (wfb::source-text imports bosnia_and_herzegovina "$NA" );; line 14604 (wfb::source-text imports bosnia_and_herzegovina commodities "NA" );; line 14606 (wfb::source-text imports bosnia_and_herzegovina partners "NA" );; line 14608 (wfb::source-text external_debt bosnia_and_herzegovina "$NA" );; line 14612 (wfb::source-text industrial_production bosnia_and_herzegovina "growth rate NA%; production is sharply down because of interethnic and interrepublic warfare (1991-94)" );; line 14616 (wfb::source-text electricity bosnia_and_herzegovina capacity "3,800,000 kW" );; line 14622 (wfb::source-text electricity bosnia_and_herzegovina production "NA kWh" );; line 14624 (wfb::source-text electricity bosnia_and_herzegovina consumption_per_capita "NA kWh (1993)" );; line 14626 (wfb::source-text industry bosnia_and_herzegovina "steel production, mining (coal, iron ore, lead, zinc, manganese, and bauxite), manufacturing (vehicle assembly, textiles, tobacco products, wooden furniture, 40% of former Yugoslavia's armaments including tank and aircraft assembly, domestic appliances), oil refining (1991)" );; line 14630 (wfb::source-text agriculture bosnia_and_herzegovina "accounted for 9.0% of GDP in 1989; regularly produces less than 50% of food needs; the foothills of northern Bosnia support orchards, vineyards, livestock, and some wheat and corn; long winters and heavy precipitation leach soil fertility reducing agricultural output in the mountains; farms are mostly privately held, small, and not very productive (1991)" );; line 14637 (wfb::source-text illicit_drugs bosnia_and_herzegovina "NA" );; line 14645 (wfb::source-text economic_aid bosnia_and_herzegovina "$NA" );; line 14649 (wfb::source-text currency bosnia_and_herzegovina "1 dinar = 100 para; Croatian dinar used in Croat-held area, presumably to be replaced by new Croatian kuna; old and new Serbian dinars used in Serb-held area; hard currencies probably supplanting local currencies in areas held by Bosnian government" );; line 14653 (wfb::source-text exchange_rates bosnia_and_herzegovina "NA" );; line 14660 (wfb::source-text fiscal_year bosnia_and_herzegovina "calendar year" );; line 14664 (wfb::source-text railroads bosnia_and_herzegovina total "1,021 km (electrified 795 km)" );; line 14670 (wfb::source-text railroads bosnia_and_herzegovina standard_gauge "1,021 km 1.435-m gauge (1994)" );; line 14672 (wfb::source-text highways bosnia_and_herzegovina total "21,168 km" );; line 14677 (wfb::source-text highways bosnia_and_herzegovina paved "11,436 km" );; line 14679 (wfb::source-text highways bosnia_and_herzegovina unpaved "gravel 8,146 km; earth 1,586 km (1991)" );; line 14681 (wfb::source-text inland_waterways bosnia_and_herzegovina "NA km" );; line 14685 (wfb::source-text pipelines bosnia_and_herzegovina "crude oil 174 km; natural gas 90 km (1992); note - pipelines now disrupted" );; line 14689 (wfb::source-text port bosnia_and_herzegovina "Bosanski Brod" );; line 14694 (wfb::source-text merchant_marine bosnia_and_herzegovina "none" );; line 14698 (wfb::source-text airports bosnia_and_herzegovina total "27" );; line 14703 (wfb::source-text airports bosnia_and_herzegovina |with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m| "4" );; line 14705 (wfb::source-text airports bosnia_and_herzegovina |with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m| "3" );; line 14707 (wfb::source-text airports bosnia_and_herzegovina with_paved_runways_under_914_m "11" );; line 14709 (wfb::source-text airports bosnia_and_herzegovina |with unpaved runways 1,524 to 2,438 m| "1" );; line 14711 (wfb::source-text airports bosnia_and_herzegovina |with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m| "8" );; line 14713 (wfb::source-text telephone_system bosnia_and_herzegovina "727,000 telephones; telephone and telegraph network is in need of modernization and expansion; many urban areas are below average when compared with services in other former Yugoslav republics" );; line 14718 (wfb::source-text telephone_system bosnia_and_herzegovina local "NA" );; line 14722 (wfb::source-text telephone_system bosnia_and_herzegovina intercity "NA" );; line 14724 (wfb::source-text telephone_system bosnia_and_herzegovina international "no earth stations" );; line 14726 (wfb::source-text radio bosnia_and_herzegovina broadcast_stations "AM 9, FM 2, shortwave 0" );; line 14731 (wfb::source-text radio bosnia_and_herzegovina radios "840,000" );; line 14733 (wfb::source-text television bosnia_and_herzegovina broadcast_stations "6" );; line 14738 (wfb::source-text television bosnia_and_herzegovina televisions "1,012,094" );; line 14740 (wfb::source-text defense_branch bosnia_and_herzegovina "Army" );; line 14746 (wfb::source-text manpower_availability bosnia_and_herzegovina "males age 15-49 815,055; males fit for military service 657,454; males reach military age (19) annually 38,201 (1995 est.)" );; line 14750 (wfb::source-text defense_expenditures bosnia_and_herzegovina "$NA, NA% of GDP" );; line 14755 (wfb::source-text location botswana "Southern Africa, north of South Africa" );; line 14765 (wfb::source-text map_references botswana "Africa" );; line 14769 (wfb::source-text area botswana total_area "600,370 sq km" );; line 14774 (wfb::source-text area botswana land_area "585,370 sq km" );; line 14776 (wfb::source-text area botswana comparative_area "slightly smaller than Texas" );; line 14778 (wfb::source-text borders botswana "total 4,013 km, Namibia 1,360 km, South Africa 1,840 km, Zimbabwe 813 km" );; line 14782 (wfb::source-text coastline botswana "0 km (landlocked)" );; line 14787 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims botswana "none; landlocked" );; line 14791 (wfb::source-text international_disputes botswana "short section of boundary with Namibia is indefinite; quadripoint with Namibia, Zambia, and Zimbabwe is in disagreement; dispute with Namibia over uninhabited Kasikili (Sidudu) Island in Linyanti (Chobe) River remained unresolved in mid-February 1995 and the parties agreed to refer the matter to the International Court of Justice" );; line 14795 (wfb::source-text climate botswana "semiarid; warm winters and hot summers" );; line 14803 (wfb::source-text terrain botswana "predominately flat to gently rolling tableland; Kalahari Desert in southwest" );; line 14807 (wfb::source-text natural-resource botswana "diamonds, copper, nickel, salt, soda ash, potash, coal, iron ore, silver" );; line 14812 (wfb::source-text land_use botswana arable_land "2%" );; line 14818 (wfb::source-text land_use botswana permanent_crops "0%" );; line 14820 (wfb::source-text land_use botswana meadows_and_pastures "75%" );; line 14822 (wfb::source-text land_use botswana forest_and_woodland "2%" );; line 14824 (wfb::source-text land_use botswana other "21%" );; line 14826 (wfb::source-text irrigated_land botswana "20 sq km (1989 est.)" );; line 14830 (wfb::source-text environment botswana current_issues "overgrazing, primarily as a result of the expansion of the cattle population; desertification; limited natural fresh water resources" );; line 14835 (wfb::source-text environment botswana natural_hazards "periodic droughts; seasonal August winds blow from the west, carrying sand and dust across the country, which can obscure visibility" );; line 14838 (wfb::source-text environment botswana international_agreements "party to - Climate Change, Endangered Species, Law of the Sea, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection; signed, but not ratified - Biodiversity" );; line 14841 (wfb::source-text note botswana "landlocked; population concentrated in eastern part of the country" );; line 14847 (wfb::source-text population botswana "1,392,414 (July 1995 est.)" );; line 14854 (wfb::source-text age_structure botswana 0-14_years "43% (female 300,598; male 303,333)" );; line 14859 (wfb::source-text age_structure botswana 15-64_years "53% (female 398,347; male 344,838)" );; line 14861 (wfb::source-text age_structure botswana 65_years_and_over "4% (female 25,773; male 19,525) (July 1995 est.)" );; line 14863 (wfb::source-text population_growth_rate botswana "2.36% (1995 est.)" );; line 14867 (wfb::source-text birth_rate botswana "31.01 births/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 14871 (wfb::source-text death_rate botswana "7.41 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 14875 (wfb::source-text net_migration_rate botswana "0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 14879 (wfb::source-text infant_mortality_rate botswana "38 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.)" );; line 14883 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth botswana total_population "63.56 years" );; line 14888 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth botswana male "60.54 years" );; line 14890 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth botswana female "66.67 years (1995 est.)" );; line 14892 (wfb::source-text total_fertility_rate botswana "3.86 children born/woman (1995 est.)" );; line 14896 (wfb::source-text nationality botswana noun "Motswana (singular), Batswana (plural)" );; line 14901 (wfb::source-text nationality botswana adjective "Motswana (singular), Batswana (plural)" );; line 14903 (wfb::source-text ethnic-entity botswana "Batswana 95%, Kalanga, Basarwa, and Kgalagadi 4%, white 1%" );; line 14907 (wfb::source-text religion botswana "indigenous beliefs 50%, Christian 50%" );; line 14911 (wfb::source-text language botswana "English (official), Setswana" );; line 14915 (wfb::source-text literacy botswana "age 15 and over can read and write (1990 est.)" );; line 14919 (wfb::source-text literacy botswana total_population "23%" );; line 14921 (wfb::source-text literacy botswana male "32%" );; line 14923 (wfb::source-text literacy botswana female "16%" );; line 14925 (wfb::source-text total_labor_force botswana "428,000 (1992)" );; line 14929 (wfb::source-text labor_force_by_occupation botswana by_occupation "220,000 formal sector employees, most others are engaged in cattle raising and subsistence agriculture (1992 est.); 14,300 are employed in various mines in South Africa (March 1992)" );; line 14931 (wfb::source-text names botswana conventional_long_form "Republic of Botswana" );; line 14939 (wfb::source-text names botswana conventional_short_form "Botswana" );; line 14941 (wfb::source-text names botswana former "Bechuanaland" );; line 14943 (wfb::source-text digraph botswana "BC" );; line 14947 (wfb::source-text type botswana "parliamentary republic" );; line 14951 (wfb::source-text capital botswana "Gaborone" );; line 14955 (wfb::source-text administrative_divisions botswana "10 districts; Central, Chobe, Ghanzi, Kgalagadi, Kgatleng, Kweneng, Ngamiland, North-East, South-East, Southern; in addition, there are 4 town councils - Francistown, Gaborone, Lobatse, Selebi-Phikwe" );; line 14959 (wfb::source-text independence botswana "30 September 1966 (from UK)" );; line 14965 (wfb::source-text national_holiday botswana "Independence Day, 30 September (1966)" );; line 14969 (wfb::source-text constitution botswana "March 1965, effective 30 September 1966" );; line 14973 (wfb::source-text legal_system botswana "based on Roman-Dutch law and local customary law; judicial review limited to matters of interpretation; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction" );; line 14977 (wfb::source-text suffrage botswana "21 years of age; universal" );; line 14983 (wfb::source-text executive_branch botswana chief_of_state_and_head_of_government "President Sir Ketumile MASIRE (since 13 July 1980); Vice President Festus MOGAE (since 9 March 1992); election last held 15 October 1994 (next to be held October 1999); results - President Sir Ketumile MASIRE was reelected by the National Assembly" );; line 14988 (wfb::source-text executive_branch botswana cabinet "Cabinet; appointed by the president" );; line 14993 (wfb::source-text legislative_structure botswana "bicameral Parliament" );; line 14997 (wfb::source-text legislative_branch botswana house_of_chiefs "is a largely advisory 15-member body consisting of chiefs of the 8 principal tribes, 4 elected subchiefs, and 3 members selected by the other 12" );; line 14999 (wfb::source-text legislative_branch botswana national_assembly "elections last held 15 October 1994 (next to be held October 1999); results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (44 total of which 40 are elected and 4 are appointed) BDP 27, BNF 13" );; line 15003 (wfb::source-text judicial_branch botswana "High Court, Court of Appeal" );; line 15009 (wfb::source-text political_parties_and_leaders botswana "Botswana Democratic Party (BDP), Sir Ketumile MASIRE; Botswana National Front (BNF), Kenneth KOMA; Botswana People's Party (BPP), Knight MARIPE; Botswana Independence Party (BIP), Motsamai MPHO" );; line 15013 (wfb::source-text member_of botswana "ACP, AfDB, C, CCC, ECA, FAO, FLS, G-77, GATT, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, INTELSAT (nonsignatory user), INTERPOL, IOC, ITU, NAM, OAU, SACU, SADC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNOMOZ, UNOMUR, UNOSOM, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WMO" );; line 15019 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us botswana chief_of_mission "Ambassador Botsweletse Kingsley SEBELE" );; line 15027 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us botswana chancery "Suite 7M, 3400 International Drive NW, Washington, DC 20008" );; line 15029 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us botswana telephone "[1] (202) 244-4990, 4991" );; line 15031 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us botswana fax "[1] (202) 244-4164" );; line 15033 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation botswana chief_of_mission "Ambassador Howard F. JETER" );; line 15038 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation botswana embassy "address NA, Gaborone" );; line 15040 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation botswana mailing_address "P. O. Box 90, Gaborone" );; line 15042 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation botswana telephone "[267] 353982" );; line 15044 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation botswana fax "[267] 356947" );; line 15046 (wfb::source-text flag botswana "light blue with a horizontal white-edged black stripe in the center" );; line 15050 (wfb::source-text overview botswana "The economy has historically been based on cattle raising and crops. Agriculture today provides a livelihood for more than 80% of the population but supplies only about 50% of food needs and accounts for only 5% of GDP. Subsistence farming and cattle raising predominate. The driving force behind the rapid economic growth of the 1970s and 1980s has been the mining industry. This sector, mostly on the strength of diamonds, has gone from generating 25% of GDP in 1980 to 39% in 1994. No other sector has experienced such growth, especially not agriculture, which is plagued by erratic rainfall and poor soils. The unemployment rate remains a problem at 25%. Hampered by a still sluggish diamond market in 1994, GDP grew by only 1%." );; line 15056 (wfb::source-text national_product botswana "GDP - purchasing power parity - $4.3 billion (1994 est.)" );; line 15069 (wfb::source-text national_product_real_growth_rate botswana "1% (1994 est.)" );; line 15073 (wfb::source-text national_product_per_capita botswana "$3,130 (1994 est.)" );; line 15077 (wfb::source-text |Inflation rate (consumer prices)| botswana "10% (1994 est.)" );; line 15081 (wfb::source-text unemployment_rate botswana "25% (1994 est.)" );; line 15085 (wfb::source-text budget botswana revenues "$1.7 billion" );; line 15090 (wfb::source-text budget botswana expenditures "$1.99 billion, including capital expenditures of $652 million (FY93/94)" );; line 15092 (wfb::source-text exports botswana "$1.8 billion (f.o.b. 1994)" );; line 15097 (wfb::source-text exports botswana commodities "diamonds 78%, copper and nickel 6%, meat 5%" );; line 15099 (wfb::source-text exports botswana partners "Switzerland, UK, SACU (Southern African Customs Union)" );; line 15101 (wfb::source-text imports botswana "$1.8 billion (c.i.f., 1992)" );; line 15105 (wfb::source-text imports botswana commodities "foodstuffs, vehicles and transport equipment, textiles, petroleum products" );; line 15107 (wfb::source-text imports botswana partners "Switzerland, SACU (Southern African Customs Union), UK, US" );; line 15110 (wfb::source-text external_debt botswana "$344 million (December 1991)" );; line 15114 (wfb::source-text industrial_production botswana "growth rate 4.6% (FY92/93); accounts for about 43% of GDP, including mining" );; line 15118 (wfb::source-text electricity botswana capacity "220,000 kW" );; line 15124 (wfb::source-text electricity botswana production "900 million kWh" );; line 15126 (wfb::source-text electricity botswana consumption_per_capita "694 kWh (1993)" );; line 15128 (wfb::source-text industry botswana "mining of diamonds, copper, nickel, coal, salt, soda ash, potash; livestock processing" );; line 15132 (wfb::source-text agriculture botswana "sorghum, maize, millet, pulses, groundnuts, beans, cowpeas, sunflower seeds; livestock" );; line 15137 (wfb::source-text economic_aid botswana recipient "US aid (1992), $13 million; Norway (1992), $16 million; Sweden (1992), $15.5 million; Germany (1992), $3.6 million; EC/Lome-IV (1992), $3 million-$6 million in grants; $28.7 million in long-term projects (1992)" );; line 15143 (wfb::source-text currency botswana "1 pula (P) = 100 thebe" );; line 15149 (wfb::source-text exchange_rates botswana "pula (P) per US$1 - 1.7086 (January 1995), 2.6976 (November 1994), 2.4190 (1993), 2.1327 (1992), 2.0173 (1991), 1.8601 (1990)" );; line 15153 (wfb::source-text fiscal_year botswana "1 April - 31 March" );; line 15158 (wfb::source-text railroads botswana total "888 km" );; line 15164 (wfb::source-text railroads botswana narrow_gauge "888 km 1.067-m gauge (1992)" );; line 15166 (wfb::source-text highways botswana total "11,514 km" );; line 15171 (wfb::source-text highways botswana paved "1,600 km" );; line 15173 (wfb::source-text highways botswana unpaved "crushed stone, gravel 1,700 km; improved earth 5,177 km; unimproved earth 3,037 km" );; line 15175 (wfb::source-text port botswana "none" );; line 15180 (wfb::source-text airports botswana total "100" );; line 15185 (wfb::source-text airports botswana |with paved runways over 3,047 m| "1" );; line 15187 (wfb::source-text airports botswana |with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m| "1" );; line 15189 (wfb::source-text airports botswana |with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m| "6" );; line 15191 (wfb::source-text airports botswana |with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m| "2" );; line 15193 (wfb::source-text airports botswana with_paved_runways_under_914_m "23" );; line 15195 (wfb::source-text airports botswana |with unpaved runways 1,524 to 2,438 m| "5" );; line 15197 (wfb::source-text airports botswana |with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m| "62" );; line 15199 (wfb::source-text telephone_system botswana "26,000 telephones; sparse system; telephone density - 18.67 telephones/1,000 persons" );; line 15204 (wfb::source-text telephone_system botswana local "NA" );; line 15207 (wfb::source-text telephone_system botswana intercity "small system of open wire lines, microwave radio relay links, and a few radio communication stations" );; line 15209 (wfb::source-text telephone_system botswana international "1 INTELSAT (Indian Ocean) earth station" );; line 15212 (wfb::source-text radio botswana broadcast_stations "AM 7, FM 13, shortwave 0" );; line 15217 (wfb::source-text radio botswana radios "NA" );; line 15219 (wfb::source-text television botswana broadcast_stations "0" );; line 15224 (wfb::source-text television botswana televisions "NA" );; line 15226 (wfb::source-text defense_branch botswana "Botswana Defense Force (includes Army and Air Wing), Botswana National Police" );; line 15232 (wfb::source-text manpower_availability botswana "males age 15-49 306,878; males fit for military service 161,376; males reach military age (18) annually 15,403 (1995 est.)" );; line 15237 (wfb::source-text defense_expenditures botswana "exchange rate conversion - $198 million, 5.2% of GDP (FY93/94)" );; line 15242 (wfb::source-text location bouvet_island "Southern Africa, island in the South Atlantic Ocean, south-southwest of the Cape of Good Hope (South Africa)" );; line 15252 (wfb::source-text map_references bouvet_island "Antarctic Region" );; line 15257 (wfb::source-text area bouvet_island total_area "58 sq km" );; line 15262 (wfb::source-text area bouvet_island land_area "58 sq km" );; line 15264 (wfb::source-text area bouvet_island comparative_area "about 0.3 times the size of Washington, DC" );; line 15266 (wfb::source-text borders bouvet_island "0 km" );; line 15270 (wfb::source-text coastline bouvet_island "29.6 km" );; line 15274 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims bouvet_island territorial_sea "4 nm" );; line 15279 (wfb::source-text international_disputes bouvet_island "none" );; line 15283 (wfb::source-text climate bouvet_island "antarctic" );; line 15287 (wfb::source-text terrain bouvet_island "volcanic; maximum elevation about 800 meters; coast is mostly inaccessible" );; line 15291 (wfb::source-text natural-resource bouvet_island "none" );; line 15296 (wfb::source-text land_use bouvet_island arable_land "0%" );; line 15301 (wfb::source-text land_use bouvet_island permanent_crops "0%" );; line 15303 (wfb::source-text land_use bouvet_island meadows_and_pastures "0%" );; line 15305 (wfb::source-text land_use bouvet_island forest_and_woodland "0%" );; line 15307 (wfb::source-text land_use bouvet_island other "100% (all ice)" );; line 15309 (wfb::source-text irrigated_land bouvet_island "0 sq km" );; line 15313 (wfb::source-text environment bouvet_island current_issues "NA" );; line 15318 (wfb::source-text environment bouvet_island natural_hazards "NA" );; line 15320 (wfb::source-text environment bouvet_island international_agreements "NA" );; line 15322 (wfb::source-text note bouvet_island "covered by glacial ice" );; line 15326 (wfb::source-text population bouvet_island "uninhabited" );; line 15332 (wfb::source-text names bouvet_island conventional_long_form "none" );; line 15338 (wfb::source-text names bouvet_island conventional_short_form "Bouvet Island" );; line 15340 (wfb::source-text digraph bouvet_island "BV" );; line 15344 (wfb::source-text type bouvet_island "territory of Norway" );; line 15348 (wfb::source-text capital bouvet_island "none; administered from Oslo, Norway" );; line 15352 (wfb::source-text independence bouvet_island "none (territory of Norway)" );; line 15356 (wfb::source-text overview bouvet_island "no economic activity" );; line 15361 (wfb::source-text port bouvet_island "none; offshore anchorage only" );; line 15366 (wfb::source-text telephone_system bouvet_island "*** No data for this item ***" );; line 15371 (wfb::source-text note bouvet_island "automatic meteorological station" );; line 15375 (wfb::source-text note bouvet_island "defense is the responsibility of Norway" );; line 15381 (wfb::source-text location brazil "Eastern South America, bordering the Atlantic Ocean" );; line 15391 (wfb::source-text map_references brazil "South America" );; line 15395 (wfb::source-text area brazil total_area "8,511,965 sq km" );; line 15400 (wfb::source-text area brazil land_area "8,456,510 sq km" );; line 15402 (wfb::source-text area brazil comparative_area "slightly smaller than the US" );; line 15404 (wfb::source-text borders brazil "total 14,691 km, Argentina 1,224 km, Bolivia 3,400 km, Colombia 1,643 km, French Guiana 673 km, Guyana 1,119 km, Paraguay 1,290 km, Peru 1,560 km, Suriname 597 km, Uruguay 985 km, Venezuela 2,200 km" );; line 15411 (wfb::source-text coastline brazil "7,491 km" );; line 15417 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims brazil contiguous_zone "24 nm" );; line 15422 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims brazil continental_shelf "200 nm" );; line 15424 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims brazil exclusive_economic_zone "200 nm" );; line 15426 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims brazil territorial_sea "12 nm" );; line 15428 (wfb::source-text international_disputes brazil "short section of the boundary with Paraguay, just west of Salto das Sete Quedas (Guaira Falls) on the Rio Parana, is in dispute; two short sections of boundary with Uruguay are in dispute - Arroio Invernada (Arroyo de la Invernada) area of the Rio Quarai (Rio Cuareim) and the islands at the confluence of the Rio Quarai and the Uruguay River" );; line 15432 (wfb::source-text climate brazil "mostly tropical, but temperate in south" );; line 15440 (wfb::source-text terrain brazil "mostly flat to rolling lowlands in north; some plains, hills, mountains, and narrow coastal belt" );; line 15444 (wfb::source-text natural-resource brazil "bauxite, gold, iron ore, manganese, nickel, phosphates, platinum, tin, uranium, petroleum, hydropower, timber" );; line 15449 (wfb::source-text land_use brazil arable_land "7%" );; line 15455 (wfb::source-text land_use brazil permanent_crops "1%" );; line 15457 (wfb::source-text land_use brazil meadows_and_pastures "19%" );; line 15459 (wfb::source-text land_use brazil forest_and_woodland "67%" );; line 15461 (wfb::source-text land_use brazil other "6%" );; line 15463 (wfb::source-text irrigated_land brazil "27,000 sq km (1989 est.)" );; line 15467 (wfb::source-text environment brazil current_issues "deforestation in Amazon Basin destroys the habitat and endangers the existence of a multitude of plant and animal species indigenous to the area; air and water pollution in Rio de Janeiro, Sao Paulo, and several other large cities; land degradation and water pollution caused by improper mining activities" );; line 15472 (wfb::source-text environment brazil natural_hazards "recurring droughts in northeast; floods and occasional frost in south" );; line 15478 (wfb::source-text environment brazil international_agreements "party to - Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Wetlands, Whaling; signed, but not ratified - Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Desertification" );; line 15481 (wfb::source-text note brazil "largest country in South America; shares common boundaries with every South American country except Chile and Ecuador" );; line 15489 (wfb::source-text population brazil "160,737,489 (July 1995 est.)" );; line 15496 (wfb::source-text age_structure brazil 0-14_years "31% (female 24,641,868; male 25,515,775)" );; line 15501 (wfb::source-text age_structure brazil 15-64_years "64% (female 51,966,272; male 51,254,165)" );; line 15503 (wfb::source-text age_structure brazil 65_years_and_over "5% (female 4,393,530; male 2,965,879) (July 1995 est.)" );; line 15505 (wfb::source-text population_growth_rate brazil "1.22% (1995 est.)" );; line 15509 (wfb::source-text birth_rate brazil "21.16 births/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 15513 (wfb::source-text death_rate brazil "8.98 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 15517 (wfb::source-text net_migration_rate brazil "0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 15521 (wfb::source-text infant_mortality_rate brazil "57.2 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.)" );; line 15525 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth brazil total_population "61.82 years" );; line 15530 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth brazil male "56.57 years" );; line 15532 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth brazil female "67.32 years (1995 est.)" );; line 15534 (wfb::source-text total_fertility_rate brazil "2.39 children born/woman (1995 est.)" );; line 15538 (wfb::source-text nationality brazil noun "Brazilian(s)" );; line 15543 (wfb::source-text nationality brazil adjective "Brazilian" );; line 15545 (wfb::source-text ethnic-entity brazil "Caucasion (includes Portuguese, German, Italian, Spanish, Polish) 55%, mixed Caucasion and African 38%, African 6%, other (includes Japanese, Arab, Amerindian) 1%" );; line 15549 (wfb::source-text religion brazil "Roman Catholic (nominal) 70%" );; line 15555 (wfb::source-text language brazil "Portuguese (official), Spanish, English, French" );; line 15559 (wfb::source-text literacy brazil "age 15 and over can read and write (1991)" );; line 15563 (wfb::source-text literacy brazil total_population "80%" );; line 15565 (wfb::source-text literacy brazil male "80%" );; line 15567 (wfb::source-text literacy brazil female "80%" );; line 15569 (wfb::source-text total_labor_force brazil "57 million (1989 est.)" );; line 15573 (wfb::source-text labor_force_by_occupation brazil by_occupation "services 42%, agriculture 31%, industry 27%" );; line 15575 (wfb::source-text names brazil conventional_long_form "Federative Republic of Brazil" );; line 15581 (wfb::source-text names brazil conventional_short_form "Brazil" );; line 15583 (wfb::source-text names brazil local_long_form "Republica Federativa do Brasil" );; line 15585 (wfb::source-text names brazil local_short_form "Brasil" );; line 15587 (wfb::source-text digraph brazil "BR" );; line 15591 (wfb::source-text type brazil "federal republic" );; line 15595 (wfb::source-text capital brazil "Brasilia" );; line 15599 (wfb::source-text administrative_divisions brazil "26 states (estados, singular - estado) and 1 federal district* (distrito federal); Acre, Alagoas, Amapa, Amazonas, Bahia, Ceara, Distrito Federal*, Espirito Santo, Goias, Maranhao, Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul, Minas Gerais, Para, Paraiba, Parana, Pernambuco, Piaui, Rio de Janeiro, Rio Grande do Norte, Rio Grande do Sul, Rondonia, Roraima, Santa Catarina, Sao Paulo, Sergipe, Tocantins" );; line 15603 (wfb::source-text independence brazil "7 September 1822 (from Portugal)" );; line 15612 (wfb::source-text national_holiday brazil "Independence Day, 7 September (1822)" );; line 15616 (wfb::source-text constitution brazil "5 October 1988" );; line 15620 (wfb::source-text legal_system brazil "based on Roman codes; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction" );; line 15624 (wfb::source-text suffrage brazil "voluntary between 16 and 18 years of age and over 70; compulsory over 18 and under 70 years of age" );; line 15629 (wfb::source-text executive_branch brazil chief_of_state_and_head_of_government "President Fernando Henrique CARDOSO (since 1 January 1995) election last held 3 October 1994; next to be held October 1998); results - Fernando Henrique CARDOSO 53%, Luis Inacio LULA da Silva 26%, Eneas CARNEIRO 7%, Orestes QUERCIA 4%, Leonel BRIZOLA 3%, Espiridiao AMIN 3%; note - second free, direct presidential election since 1960" );; line 15635 (wfb::source-text executive_branch brazil cabinet "Cabinet; appointed by the president" );; line 15641 (wfb::source-text legislative_structure brazil "bicameral National Congress (Congresso Nacional)" );; line 15645 (wfb::source-text legislative_branch brazil |Federal Senate (Senado Federal)| "election last held 3 October 1994 for two-thirds of Senate (next to be held October 1996 for one-third of the Senate); results - PMBD 28%, PFL 22%, PSDB 12%, PPR 7%, PDT 7%, PT 6%, PTB 6%, other 12%" );; line 15647 (wfb::source-text legislative_branch brazil |Chamber of Deputies (Camara dos Deputados)| "election last held 3 October 1994 (next to be held October 1998); results - PMDB 21%, PFL 18%, PDT 7%, PSDB 12%, PPR 10%, PTB 6%, PT 10%, other 16%" );; line 15651 (wfb::source-text judicial_branch brazil "Supreme Federal Tribunal" );; line 15657 (wfb::source-text political_parties_and_leaders brazil "National Reconstruction Party (PRN), Daniel TOURINHO, president; Brazilian Democratic Movement Party (PMDB), Luiz HENRIQUE da Silveira, president; Liberal Front Party (PFL), Jorge BORNHAUSEN, president; Workers' Party (PT), Rui Goethe da Costa FALCAO, president; Brazilian Workers' Party (PTB), Jose Eduardo ANDRADE VIEIRA, president; Democratic Workers' Party (PDT), Anthony GAROTINHO, president; Progressive Renewal Party (PPR), Espiridiao AMIN, president; Brazilian Social Democracy Party (PSDB), Artur DA TAVOLA, president; Popular Socialist Party (PPS), Roberto FREIRE, president; Communist Party of Brazil (PCdoB), Joao AMAZONAS, secretary general; Liberal Party (PL), Alvero VALLE, president" );; line 15661 (wfb::source-text other_political_or_pressure_groups brazil "left wing of the Catholic Church and labor unions allied to leftist Workers' Party are critical of government's social and economic policies" );; line 15674 (wfb::source-text member_of brazil "AfDB, AG (observer), CCC, ECLAC, FAO, G-11, G-15, G-19, G-24, G-77, GATT, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, INMARSAT, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, IOM (observer), ISO, ITU, LAES, LAIA, MERCOSUR, NAM (observer), OAS, ONUSAL, OPANAL, PCA, RG, UN, UNAVEM II, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNOMOZ, UNOMUR, UNPROFOR, UNU, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO" );; line 15680 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us brazil chief_of_mission "Ambassador Paulo Tarso FLECHA de LIMA" );; line 15690 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us brazil chancery "3006 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008" );; line 15692 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us brazil telephone "[1] (202) 745-2700" );; line 15694 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us brazil fax "[1] (202) 745-2827" );; line 15696 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us brazil |consulate(s) general| "Boston, Chicago, Los Angeles, Miami, New York, San Juan (Puerto Rico), and San Francisco" );; line 15698 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us brazil |consulate(s)| "Houston" );; line 15701 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation brazil chief_of_mission "Ambassador Melvyn LEVITSKY" );; line 15706 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation brazil embassy "Avenida das Nacoes, Lote 3, Brasilia, Distrito Federal" );; line 15708 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation brazil mailing_address "Unit 3500; APO AA 34030" );; line 15710 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation brazil telephone "[55] (61) 321-7272" );; line 15712 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation brazil fax "[55] (61) 225-9136" );; line 15714 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation brazil |consulate(s) general| "Rio de Janeiro, Sao Paulo" );; line 15716 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation brazil |consulate(s)| "Porto Alegre, Recife" );; line 15718 (wfb::source-text flag brazil "green with a large yellow diamond in the center bearing a blue celestial globe with 27 white five-pointed stars (one for each state and the Federal District) arranged in the same pattern as the night sky over Brazil; the globe has a white equatorial band with the motto ORDEM E PROGRESSO (Order and Progress)" );; line 15722 (wfb::source-text overview brazil "The economy, with large agrarian, mining, and manufacturing sectors, entered the 1990s with declining real growth, runaway inflation, an unserviceable foreign debt of $122 billion, and a lack of policy direction. In addition, the economy remained highly regulated, inward-looking, and protected by substantial trade and investment barriers. Ownership of major industrial and mining facilities is divided among private interests - including several multinationals - and the government. Most large agricultural holdings are private, with the government channeling financing to this sector. Conflicts between large landholders and landless peasants have produced intermittent violence. The COLLOR government, which assumed office in March 1990, launched an ambitious reform program that sought to modernize and reinvigorate the economy by stabilizing prices, deregulating the economy, and opening it to increased foreign competition. Itamar FRANCO, who assumed the presidency following President COLLOR's resignation in December 1992, was out of step with COLLOR's reform agenda; initiatives to redress fiscal problems, privatize state enterprises, and liberalize trade and investment policies lost momentum. Galloping inflation - by June 1994 the monthly rate had risen to nearly 50% - had undermined economic stability. In response, the then finance minister, Fernando Henrique CARDOSO, launched the third phase of his stabilization plan, known as Plano Real, that called for a new currency, the real, which was introduced on 1 July 1994. Inflation subsequently dropped to under 3% per month through the end of 1994. The newly elected President CARDOSO has called for the implementation of sweeping market-oriented reform, including public sector and fiscal reform, privatization, deregulation, and elimination of barriers to increased foreign investment. Brazil's natural resources remain a major, long-term economic strength." );; line 15731 (wfb::source-text national_product brazil "GDP - purchasing power parity - $886.3 billion (1994 est.)" );; line 15760 (wfb::source-text national_product_real_growth_rate brazil "5.3% (1994 est.)" );; line 15764 (wfb::source-text national_product_per_capita brazil "$5,580 (1994 est.)" );; line 15768 (wfb::source-text |Inflation rate (consumer prices)| brazil "1,094% (1994 est.)" );; line 15772 (wfb::source-text unemployment_rate brazil "4.9% (1993)" );; line 15776 (wfb::source-text budget brazil revenues "$113 billion" );; line 15781 (wfb::source-text budget brazil expenditures "$109 billion, including capital expenditures of $23 billion (1992)" );; line 15783 (wfb::source-text exports brazil "$43.6 billion (f.o.b., 1994 est.)" );; line 15788 (wfb::source-text exports brazil commodities "iron ore, soybean bran, orange juice, footwear, coffee, motor vehicle parts" );; line 15790 (wfb::source-text exports brazil partners "EC 27.6%, Latin America 21.8%, US 17.4%, Japan 6.3% (1993)" );; line 15793 (wfb::source-text imports brazil "$33.2 billion (f.o.b., 1994 est.)" );; line 15797 (wfb::source-text imports brazil commodities "crude oil, capital goods, chemical products, foodstuffs, coal" );; line 15799 (wfb::source-text imports brazil partners "US 23.3%, EC 22.5%, Middle East 13.0%, Latin America 11.8%, Japan 6.5% (1993)" );; line 15801 (wfb::source-text external_debt brazil "$134 billion (1994)" );; line 15806 (wfb::source-text industrial_production brazil "growth rate 9.5% (1993); accounts for 39% of GDP" );; line 15810 (wfb::source-text electricity brazil capacity "55,130,000 kW" );; line 15815 (wfb::source-text electricity brazil production "241.4 billion kWh" );; line 15817 (wfb::source-text electricity brazil consumption_per_capita "1,589 kWh (1993)" );; line 15819 (wfb::source-text industry brazil "textiles, shoes, chemicals, cement, lumber, mining (iron ore, tin), steel making, machine building - including aircraft, motor vehicles, motor vehicle parts and assemblies, and other machinery and equipment" );; line 15823 (wfb::source-text agriculture brazil "accounts for 11% of GDP; world's largest producer and exporter of coffee and orange juice concentrate and second-largest exporter of soybeans; other products - rice, corn, sugarcane, cocoa, beef; self-sufficient in food, except for wheat" );; line 15829 (wfb::source-text illicit_drugs brazil "illicit producer of cannabis and coca, mostly for domestic consumption; government has a small-scale eradication program to control cannabis and coca cultivation; important transshipment country for Bolivian and Colombian cocaine headed for the US and Europe" );; line 15836 (wfb::source-text economic_aid brazil recipient "US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-89), $2.5 billion; Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-89), $10.2 million; OPEC bilateral aid (1979-89), $284 million; former Communist countries (1970-89), $1.3 billion" );; line 15844 (wfb::source-text currency brazil "1 real (R$) = 100 centavos" );; line 15851 (wfb::source-text exchange_rates brazil "R$ per US$1 - 0.85 (January 1995); CR$ per US$1 - 390.845 (January 1994), 88.449 (1993), 4.513 (1992), 0.407 (1991), 0.068 (1990)" );; line 15855 (wfb::source-text fiscal_year brazil "calendar year" );; line 15864 (wfb::source-text railroads brazil total "30,612 km (1992)" );; line 15870 (wfb::source-text railroads brazil broad_gauge "5,369 km 1.600-m gauge (1,108 km electrified)" );; line 15872 (wfb::source-text railroads brazil standard_gauge "194 km 1.440-m gauge" );; line 15874 (wfb::source-text railroads brazil narrow_gauge "24,739 km 1.000-m gauge (112 km electrified); 13 km 0.760-m gauge" );; line 15876 (wfb::source-text railroads brazil dual_gauge "310 km 1.600-m/1.000-m gauge (78 km electrified)" );; line 15878 (wfb::source-text highways brazil total "1,670,148 km" );; line 15883 (wfb::source-text highways brazil paved "161,503 km" );; line 15885 (wfb::source-text highways brazil unpaved "gravel/earth 1,508,645 km (1990)" );; line 15887 (wfb::source-text inland_waterways brazil "50,000 km navigable" );; line 15891 (wfb::source-text pipelines brazil "crude oil 2,000 km; petroleum products 3,804 km; natural gas 1,095 km" );; line 15895 (wfb::source-text port brazil "Belem, Fortaleza, Ilheus, Imbituba, Manaus, Paranagua, Porto Alegre, Recife, Rio de Janeiro, Rio Grande, Salvador, Santos, Vitoria" );; line 15900 (wfb::source-text merchant_marine brazil total "215 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 5,128,654 GRT/8,664,776 DWT" );; line 15906 (wfb::source-text merchant_marine brazil ships_by_type "bulk 52, cargo 34, chemical tanker 13, combination ore/oil 12, container 12, liquefied gas tanker 11, oil tanker 64, passenger-cargo 5, refrigerated cargo 1, roll-on/roll-off cargo 11" );; line 15909 (wfb::source-text airports brazil total "3,467" );; line 15916 (wfb::source-text airports brazil |with paved runways over 3,047 m| "5" );; line 15918 (wfb::source-text airports brazil |with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m| "19" );; line 15920 (wfb::source-text airports brazil |with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m| "126" );; line 15922 (wfb::source-text airports brazil |with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m| "286" );; line 15924 (wfb::source-text airports brazil with_paved_runways_under_914_m "1,652" );; line 15926 (wfb::source-text airports brazil |with unpaved runways 1,524 to 2,438 m| "76" );; line 15928 (wfb::source-text airports brazil |with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m| "1,303" );; line 15930 (wfb::source-text telephone_system brazil "9.86 million telephones; telephone density - 61/1,000 persons; good working system" );; line 15935 (wfb::source-text telephone_system brazil local "NA" );; line 15938 (wfb::source-text telephone_system brazil intercity "extensive microwave radio relay systems and 64 domestic satellite earth stations" );; line 15940 (wfb::source-text telephone_system brazil international "3 coaxial submarine cables; 3 Atlantic Ocean INTELSAT earth stations" );; line 15943 (wfb::source-text radio brazil broadcast_stations "AM 1,223, FM 0, shortwave 151" );; line 15949 (wfb::source-text radio brazil radios "NA" );; line 15951 (wfb::source-text television brazil broadcast_stations "112 (Brazil has the world's fourth largest television broadcasting system)" );; line 15956 (wfb::source-text television brazil televisions "NA" );; line 15959 (wfb::source-text defense_branch brazil "Brazilian Army, Brazilian Navy (includes Marines), Brazilian Air Force, Federal Police (paramilitary)" );; line 15965 (wfb::source-text manpower_availability brazil "males age 15-49 44,301,765; males fit for military service 29,815,576; males reach military age (18) annually 1,703,438 (1995 est.)" );; line 15970 (wfb::source-text defense_expenditures brazil "exchange rate conversion - $5.0 billion, 0.9% of GDP (1994)" );; line 15975 (wfb::source-text location british_indian_ocean_territory "Southern Asia, archipelago in the Indian Ocean, about one-half the way from Africa to Indonesia" );; line 15986 (wfb::source-text map_references british_indian_ocean_territory "World" );; line 15991 (wfb::source-text area british_indian_ocean_territory total_area "60 sq km" );; line 15996 (wfb::source-text area british_indian_ocean_territory land_area "60 sq km" );; line 15998 (wfb::source-text area british_indian_ocean_territory comparative_area "about 0.3 times the size of Washington, DC" );; line 16000 (wfb::source-text borders british_indian_ocean_territory "0 km" );; line 16006 (wfb::source-text coastline british_indian_ocean_territory "698 km" );; line 16010 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims british_indian_ocean_territory exclusive_fishing_zone "200 nm" );; line 16015 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims british_indian_ocean_territory territorial_sea "3 nm" );; line 16017 (wfb::source-text international_disputes british_indian_ocean_territory "the entire Chagos Archipelago is claimed by Mauritius" );; line 16021 (wfb::source-text climate british_indian_ocean_territory "tropical marine; hot, humid, moderated by trade winds" );; line 16025 (wfb::source-text terrain british_indian_ocean_territory "flat and low (up to 4 meters in elevation)" );; line 16029 (wfb::source-text natural-resource british_indian_ocean_territory "coconuts, fish" );; line 16033 (wfb::source-text land_use british_indian_ocean_territory arable_land "0%" );; line 16038 (wfb::source-text land_use british_indian_ocean_territory permanent_crops "0%" );; line 16040 (wfb::source-text land_use british_indian_ocean_territory meadows_and_pastures "0%" );; line 16042 (wfb::source-text land_use british_indian_ocean_territory forest_and_woodland "0%" );; line 16044 (wfb::source-text land_use british_indian_ocean_territory other "100%" );; line 16046 (wfb::source-text irrigated_land british_indian_ocean_territory "0 sq km" );; line 16050 (wfb::source-text environment british_indian_ocean_territory current_issues "NA" );; line 16055 (wfb::source-text environment british_indian_ocean_territory natural_hazards "NA" );; line 16057 (wfb::source-text environment british_indian_ocean_territory international_agreements "NA" );; line 16059 (wfb::source-text note british_indian_ocean_territory "archipelago of 2,300 islands; Diego Garcia, largest and southernmost island, occupies strategic location in central Indian Ocean; island is site of joint US-UK military facility" );; line 16063 (wfb::source-text population british_indian_ocean_territory "no indigenous inhabitants" );; line 16071 (wfb::source-text names british_indian_ocean_territory conventional_long_form "British Indian Ocean Territory" );; line 16081 (wfb::source-text names british_indian_ocean_territory conventional_short_form "none" );; line 16083 (wfb::source-text abbreviation british_indian_ocean_territory "BIOT" );; line 16087 (wfb::source-text digraph british_indian_ocean_territory "IO" );; line 16091 (wfb::source-text type british_indian_ocean_territory "dependent territory of the UK" );; line 16095 (wfb::source-text capital british_indian_ocean_territory "none" );; line 16099 (wfb::source-text independence british_indian_ocean_territory "none (dependent territory of the UK)" );; line 16103 (wfb::source-text executive_branch british_indian_ocean_territory chief_of_state "Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952)" );; line 16108 (wfb::source-text executive_branch british_indian_ocean_territory head_of_government "Commissioner Mr. D. R. MACLENNAN); Administrator Mr. David Smith; note - both reside in the UK" );; line 16110 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us british_indian_ocean_territory "none (dependent territory of the UK)" );; line 16115 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation british_indian_ocean_territory "none (dependent territory of the UK)" );; line 16119 (wfb::source-text flag british_indian_ocean_territory "white with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side quadrant and six blue wavy horizontal stripes bearing a palm tree and yellow crown centered on the outer half of the flag" );; line 16123 (wfb::source-text overview british_indian_ocean_territory "All economic activity is concentrated on the largest island of Diego Garcia, where joint UK-US defense facilities are located. Construction projects and various services needed to support the military installations are done by military and contract employees from the UK, Mauritius, the Philippines, and the US. There are no industrial or agricultural activities on the islands." );; line 16130 (wfb::source-text electricity british_indian_ocean_territory "provided by the US military" );; line 16139 (wfb::source-text railroads british_indian_ocean_territory "0 km" );; line 16144 (wfb::source-text highways british_indian_ocean_territory total "NA" );; line 16149 (wfb::source-text highways british_indian_ocean_territory paved "short stretch of paved road between port and airfield on Diego Garcia" );; line 16151 (wfb::source-text highways british_indian_ocean_territory unpaved "NA" );; line 16154 (wfb::source-text port british_indian_ocean_territory "Diego Garcia" );; line 16158 (wfb::source-text airports british_indian_ocean_territory total "1" );; line 16163 (wfb::source-text airports british_indian_ocean_territory |with paved runways over 3,047 m| "1" );; line 16165 (wfb::source-text telephone_system british_indian_ocean_territory "NA telephones; minimal facilities" );; line 16170 (wfb::source-text telephone_system british_indian_ocean_territory local "NA" );; line 16172 (wfb::source-text telephone_system british_indian_ocean_territory intercity "NA" );; line 16174 (wfb::source-text telephone_system british_indian_ocean_territory international "1 INTELSAT (Atlantic Ocean) earth station" );; line 16176 (wfb::source-text radio british_indian_ocean_territory broadcast_stations "AM 1, FM 1, shortwave 0" );; line 16181 (wfb::source-text radio british_indian_ocean_territory radios "NA" );; line 16183 (wfb::source-text television british_indian_ocean_territory broadcast_stations "1" );; line 16188 (wfb::source-text television british_indian_ocean_territory televisions "NA" );; line 16190 (wfb::source-text note british_indian_ocean_territory "defense is the responsibility of the UK" );; line 16196 (wfb::source-text location british_virgin_islands "Caribbean, between the Caribbean Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean, east of Puerto Rico" );; line 16207 (wfb::source-text map_references british_virgin_islands "Central America and the Caribbean" );; line 16212 (wfb::source-text area british_virgin_islands total_area "150 sq km" );; line 16217 (wfb::source-text area british_virgin_islands land_area "150 sq km" );; line 16219 (wfb::source-text area british_virgin_islands comparative_area "about 0.8 times the size of Washington, DC" );; line 16221 (wfb::source-text borders british_virgin_islands "0 km" );; line 16227 (wfb::source-text coastline british_virgin_islands "80 km" );; line 16231 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims british_virgin_islands exclusive_fishing_zone "200 nm" );; line 16236 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims british_virgin_islands territorial_sea "3 nm" );; line 16238 (wfb::source-text international_disputes british_virgin_islands "none" );; line 16242 (wfb::source-text climate british_virgin_islands "subtropical; humid; temperatures moderated by trade winds" );; line 16246 (wfb::source-text terrain british_virgin_islands "coral islands relatively flat; volcanic islands steep, hilly" );; line 16250 (wfb::source-text natural-resource british_virgin_islands "negligible" );; line 16254 (wfb::source-text land_use british_virgin_islands arable_land "20%" );; line 16259 (wfb::source-text land_use british_virgin_islands permanent_crops "7%" );; line 16261 (wfb::source-text land_use british_virgin_islands meadows_and_pastures "33%" );; line 16263 (wfb::source-text land_use british_virgin_islands forest_and_woodland "7%" );; line 16265 (wfb::source-text land_use british_virgin_islands other "33%" );; line 16267 (wfb::source-text irrigated_land british_virgin_islands "NA sq km" );; line 16271 (wfb::source-text environment british_virgin_islands current_issues "limited natural fresh water resources (except for a few seasonal streams and springs on Tortola, most of the island's water supply comes from wells and rainwater catchment)" );; line 16276 (wfb::source-text environment british_virgin_islands natural_hazards "hurricanes and tropical storms (July to October)" );; line 16280 (wfb::source-text environment british_virgin_islands international_agreements "NA" );; line 16282 (wfb::source-text note british_virgin_islands "strong ties to nearby US Virgin Islands and Puerto Rico" );; line 16286 (wfb::source-text population british_virgin_islands "13,027 (July 1995 est.)" );; line 16292 (wfb::source-text age_structure british_virgin_islands 0-14_years "NA" );; line 16297 (wfb::source-text age_structure british_virgin_islands 15-64_years "NA" );; line 16299 (wfb::source-text age_structure british_virgin_islands 65_years_and_over "NA" );; line 16301 (wfb::source-text population_growth_rate british_virgin_islands "1.27% (1995 est.)" );; line 16305 (wfb::source-text birth_rate british_virgin_islands "20.25 births/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 16309 (wfb::source-text death_rate british_virgin_islands "6.07 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 16313 (wfb::source-text net_migration_rate british_virgin_islands "-1.5 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 16317 (wfb::source-text infant_mortality_rate british_virgin_islands "19.33 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.)" );; line 16321 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth british_virgin_islands total_population "72.73 years" );; line 16326 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth british_virgin_islands male "70.88 years" );; line 16328 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth british_virgin_islands female "74.7 years (1995 est.)" );; line 16330 (wfb::source-text total_fertility_rate british_virgin_islands "2.27 children born/woman (1995 est.)" );; line 16334 (wfb::source-text nationality british_virgin_islands noun "British Virgin Islander(s)" );; line 16339 (wfb::source-text nationality british_virgin_islands adjective "British Virgin Islander" );; line 16341 (wfb::source-text ethnic-entity british_virgin_islands "black 90%, white, Asian" );; line 16345 (wfb::source-text religion british_virgin_islands "Protestant 86% (Methodist 45%, Anglican 21%, Church of God 7%, Seventh-Day Adventist 5%, Baptist 4%, Jehovah's Witnesses 2%, other 2%), Roman Catholic 6%, none 2%, other 6% (1981)" );; line 16349 (wfb::source-text language british_virgin_islands "English (official)" );; line 16355 (wfb::source-text literacy british_virgin_islands "age 15 and over can read and write (1970)" );; line 16359 (wfb::source-text literacy british_virgin_islands total_population "98%" );; line 16361 (wfb::source-text literacy british_virgin_islands male "98%" );; line 16363 (wfb::source-text literacy british_virgin_islands female "98%" );; line 16365 (wfb::source-text total_labor_force british_virgin_islands "4,911 (1980)" );; line 16369 (wfb::source-text labor_force_by_occupation british_virgin_islands by_occupation "NA" );; line 16371 (wfb::source-text names british_virgin_islands conventional_long_form "none" );; line 16377 (wfb::source-text names british_virgin_islands conventional_short_form "British Virgin Islands" );; line 16379 (wfb::source-text abbreviation british_virgin_islands "BVI" );; line 16383 (wfb::source-text digraph british_virgin_islands "VI" );; line 16387 (wfb::source-text type british_virgin_islands "dependent territory of the UK" );; line 16391 (wfb::source-text capital british_virgin_islands "Road Town" );; line 16395 (wfb::source-text administrative_divisions british_virgin_islands "none (dependent territory of the UK)" );; line 16399 (wfb::source-text independence british_virgin_islands "none (dependent territory of the UK)" );; line 16403 (wfb::source-text national_holiday british_virgin_islands "Territory Day, 1 July" );; line 16407 (wfb::source-text constitution british_virgin_islands "1 June 1977" );; line 16411 (wfb::source-text legal_system british_virgin_islands "English law" );; line 16415 (wfb::source-text suffrage british_virgin_islands "18 years of age; universal" );; line 16419 (wfb::source-text executive_branch british_virgin_islands chief_of_state "Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952), represented by Governor Peter Alfred PENFOLD (since 14 October 1991)" );; line 16424 (wfb::source-text executive_branch british_virgin_islands head_of_government "Chief Minister H. Lavity STOUTT (since NA September 1986)" );; line 16427 (wfb::source-text executive_branch british_virgin_islands cabinet "Executive Council; appointed by the governor" );; line 16429 (wfb::source-text legislative_structure british_virgin_islands "unicameral" );; line 16433 (wfb::source-text legislative_branch british_virgin_islands legislative_council "election last held 20 February 1995 (next to be held on NA February 2000); results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (13 total) VIP 6, CCM 2, UP 2, independents 3" );; line 16435 (wfb::source-text judicial_branch british_virgin_islands "Eastern Caribbean Supreme Court" );; line 16444 (wfb::source-text political_parties_and_leaders british_virgin_islands "United Party (UP), Conrad MADURO; Virgin Islands Party (VIP), H. Lavity STOUTT; Concerned Citizens Movement (CCM), E. Walwyln BREWLEY" );; line 16448 (wfb::source-text member_of british_virgin_islands "CARICOM (associate), CDB, ECLAC (associate), INTERPOL (subbureau), IOC, OECS (associate), UNESCO (associate)" );; line 16453 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us british_virgin_islands "none (dependent territory of the UK)" );; line 16458 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation british_virgin_islands "none (dependent territory of the UK)" );; line 16462 (wfb::source-text flag british_virgin_islands "blue with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side quadrant and the Virgin Islander coat of arms centered in the outer half of the flag; the coat of arms depicts a woman flanked on either side by a vertical column of six oil lamps above a scroll bearing the Latin word VIGILATE (Be Watchful)" );; line 16466 (wfb::source-text overview british_virgin_islands "The economy, one of the most prosperous in the Caribbean area, is highly dependent on the tourist industry, which generates about 21% of the national income. In 1985 the government offered offshore registration to companies wishing to incorporate in the islands, and, in consequence, incorporation fees generated about $2 million in 1987. The economy slowed in 1991 because of the poor performances of the tourist sector and tight commercial bank credit. Livestock raising is the most significant agricultural activity. The islands' crops, limited by poor soils, are unable to meet food requirements." );; line 16475 (wfb::source-text national_product british_virgin_islands "GDP - purchasing power parity - $133 million (1991)" );; line 16487 (wfb::source-text national_product_real_growth_rate british_virgin_islands "2% (1991)" );; line 16491 (wfb::source-text national_product_per_capita british_virgin_islands "$10,600 (1991)" );; line 16495 (wfb::source-text |Inflation rate (consumer prices)| british_virgin_islands "2.5% (1990 est.)" );; line 16499 (wfb::source-text unemployment_rate british_virgin_islands "NEGL% (1992)" );; line 16503 (wfb::source-text budget british_virgin_islands revenues "$51 million" );; line 16508 (wfb::source-text budget british_virgin_islands expenditures "$88 million, including capital expenditures of $38 million (1991)" );; line 16510 (wfb::source-text exports british_virgin_islands "$2.7 million (f.o.b., 1988)" );; line 16514 (wfb::source-text exports british_virgin_islands commodities "rum, fresh fish, gravel, sand, fruits, animals" );; line 16516 (wfb::source-text exports british_virgin_islands partners "Virgin Islands (US), Puerto Rico, US" );; line 16518 (wfb::source-text imports british_virgin_islands "$11.5 million (c.i.f., 1988)" );; line 16522 (wfb::source-text imports british_virgin_islands commodities "building materials, automobiles, foodstuffs, machinery" );; line 16524 (wfb::source-text imports british_virgin_islands partners "Virgin Islands (US), Puerto Rico, US" );; line 16526 (wfb::source-text external_debt british_virgin_islands "$4.5 million (1985)" );; line 16530 (wfb::source-text industrial_production british_virgin_islands "growth rate 4% (1985)" );; line 16534 (wfb::source-text electricity british_virgin_islands capacity "10,500 kW" );; line 16539 (wfb::source-text electricity british_virgin_islands production "50 million kWh" );; line 16541 (wfb::source-text electricity british_virgin_islands consumption_per_capita "3,148 kWh (1993)" );; line 16543 (wfb::source-text industry british_virgin_islands "tourism, light industry, construction, rum, concrete block, offshore financial center" );; line 16547 (wfb::source-text agriculture british_virgin_islands "livestock (including poultry), fish, fruit, vegetables" );; line 16552 (wfb::source-text economic_aid british_virgin_islands "$NA" );; line 16556 (wfb::source-text currency british_virgin_islands "1 United States dollar (US$) = 100 cents" );; line 16560 (wfb::source-text exchange_rates british_virgin_islands "US currency is used" );; line 16564 (wfb::source-text fiscal_year british_virgin_islands "1 April - 31 March" );; line 16568 (wfb::source-text railroads british_virgin_islands "0 km" );; line 16573 (wfb::source-text highways british_virgin_islands total "106 km (1983)" );; line 16578 (wfb::source-text highways british_virgin_islands paved "NA" );; line 16580 (wfb::source-text highways british_virgin_islands unpaved "NA" );; line 16582 (wfb::source-text port british_virgin_islands "Road Town" );; line 16586 (wfb::source-text merchant_marine british_virgin_islands "none" );; line 16590 (wfb::source-text airports british_virgin_islands total "3" );; line 16595 (wfb::source-text airports british_virgin_islands |with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m| "1" );; line 16597 (wfb::source-text airports british_virgin_islands with_paved_runways_under_914_m "1" );; line 16599 (wfb::source-text airports british_virgin_islands |with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m| "1" );; line 16601 (wfb::source-text telephone_system british_virgin_islands "3,000 telephones; worldwide external telephone service" );; line 16606 (wfb::source-text telephone_system british_virgin_islands local "NA" );; line 16608 (wfb::source-text telephone_system british_virgin_islands intercity "NA" );; line 16610 (wfb::source-text telephone_system british_virgin_islands international "submarine cable communication links to Bermuda" );; line 16612 (wfb::source-text radio british_virgin_islands broadcast_stations "AM 1, FM 0, shortwave 0" );; line 16617 (wfb::source-text radio british_virgin_islands radios "NA" );; line 16619 (wfb::source-text television british_virgin_islands broadcast_stations "1" );; line 16624 (wfb::source-text television british_virgin_islands televisions "NA" );; line 16626 (wfb::source-text note british_virgin_islands "defense is the responsibility of the UK" );; line 16632 (wfb::source-text location brunei "Southeastern Asia, bordering the South China Sea and Malaysia" );; line 16642 (wfb::source-text map_references brunei "Southeast Asia" );; line 16646 (wfb::source-text area brunei total_area "5,770 sq km" );; line 16651 (wfb::source-text area brunei land_area "5,270 sq km" );; line 16653 (wfb::source-text area brunei comparative_area "slightly larger than Delaware" );; line 16655 (wfb::source-text borders brunei "total 381 km, Malysia 381 km" );; line 16659 (wfb::source-text coastline brunei "161 km" );; line 16663 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims brunei exclusive_economic_zone "200 nm or to median line" );; line 16668 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims brunei territorial_sea "12 nm" );; line 16670 (wfb::source-text international_disputes brunei "may wish to purchase the Malaysian salient that divides the country; all of the Spratly Islands are claimed by China, Taiwan, and Vietnam; parts of them are claimed by Malaysia and the Philippines; in 1984, Brunei established an exclusive fishing zone that encompasses Louisa Reef, but has not publicly claimed the island" );; line 16674 (wfb::source-text climate brunei "tropical; hot, humid, rainy" );; line 16682 (wfb::source-text terrain brunei "flat coastal plain rises to mountains in east; hilly lowland in west" );; line 16686 (wfb::source-text natural-resource brunei "petroleum, natural gas, timber" );; line 16691 (wfb::source-text land_use brunei arable_land "1%" );; line 16696 (wfb::source-text land_use brunei permanent_crops "1%" );; line 16698 (wfb::source-text land_use brunei meadows_and_pastures "1%" );; line 16700 (wfb::source-text land_use brunei forest_and_woodland "79%" );; line 16702 (wfb::source-text land_use brunei other "18%" );; line 16704 (wfb::source-text irrigated_land brunei "10 sq km (1989 est.)" );; line 16708 (wfb::source-text environment brunei current_issues "NA" );; line 16713 (wfb::source-text environment brunei natural_hazards "typhoons, earthquakes, and severe flooding are very rare" );; line 16715 (wfb::source-text environment brunei international_agreements "party to - Endangered Species, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution; signed, but not ratified - Law of the Sea" );; line 16717 (wfb::source-text note brunei "close to vital sea lanes through South China Sea linking Indian and Pacific Oceans; two parts physically separated by Malaysia; almost an enclave of Malaysia" );; line 16722 (wfb::source-text population brunei "292,266 (July 1995 est.)" );; line 16730 (wfb::source-text age_structure brunei 0-14_years "34% (female 48,458; male 50,624)" );; line 16735 (wfb::source-text age_structure brunei 15-64_years "62% (female 85,581; male 95,955)" );; line 16737 (wfb::source-text age_structure brunei 65_years_and_over "4% (female 5,172; male 6,476) (July 1995 est.)" );; line 16739 (wfb::source-text population_growth_rate brunei "2.63% (1995 est.)" );; line 16743 (wfb::source-text birth_rate brunei "25.83 births/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 16747 (wfb::source-text death_rate brunei "5.07 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 16751 (wfb::source-text net_migration_rate brunei "5.49 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 16755 (wfb::source-text infant_mortality_rate brunei "24.7 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.)" );; line 16759 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth brunei total_population "71.24 years" );; line 16764 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth brunei male "69.65 years" );; line 16766 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth brunei female "72.91 years (1995 est.)" );; line 16768 (wfb::source-text total_fertility_rate brunei "3.41 children born/woman (1995 est.)" );; line 16772 (wfb::source-text nationality brunei noun "Bruneian(s)" );; line 16777 (wfb::source-text nationality brunei adjective "Bruneian" );; line 16779 (wfb::source-text ethnic-entity brunei "Malay 64%, Chinese 20%, other 16%" );; line 16783 (wfb::source-text religion brunei "Muslim (official) 63%, Buddhism 14%, Christian 8%, indigenous beliefs and other 15% (1981)" );; line 16787 (wfb::source-text language brunei "Malay (official), English, Chinese" );; line 16792 (wfb::source-text literacy brunei "age 15 and over can read and write (1991)" );; line 16796 (wfb::source-text literacy brunei total_population "88%" );; line 16798 (wfb::source-text literacy brunei male "92%" );; line 16800 (wfb::source-text literacy brunei female "82%" );; line 16802 (wfb::source-text total_labor_force brunei "119,000 (1993 est.); note - includes members of the Army" );; line 16806 (wfb::source-text labor_force_by_occupation brunei by_occupation "government 47.5%, production of oil, natural gas, services, and construction 41.9%, agriculture, forestry, and fishing 3.8% (1986)" );; line 16808 (wfb::source-text names brunei conventional_long_form "Negara Brunei Darussalam" );; line 16817 (wfb::source-text names brunei conventional_short_form "Brunei" );; line 16819 (wfb::source-text digraph brunei "BX" );; line 16823 (wfb::source-text type brunei "constitutional sultanate" );; line 16827 (wfb::source-text capital brunei "Bandar Seri Begawan" );; line 16831 (wfb::source-text administrative_divisions brunei "4 districts (daerah-daerah, singular - daerah); Belait, Brunei and Muara, Temburong, Tutong" );; line 16835 (wfb::source-text independence brunei "1 January 1984 (from UK)" );; line 16840 (wfb::source-text national_holiday brunei "National Day 23 February (1984)" );; line 16844 (wfb::source-text constitution brunei "29 September 1959 (some provisions suspended under a State of Emergency since December 1962, others since independence on 1 January 1984)" );; line 16848 (wfb::source-text legal_system brunei "based on Islamic law" );; line 16853 (wfb::source-text suffrage brunei "none" );; line 16857 (wfb::source-text executive_branch brunei chief_of_state_and_head_of_government "Sultan and Prime Minister His Majesty Paduka Seri Baginda Sultan Haji HASSANAL Bolkiah Mu'izzaddin Waddaulah (since 5 October 1967)" );; line 16862 (wfb::source-text executive_branch brunei cabinet "Council of Cabinet Ministers; composed chiefly of members of the royal family" );; line 16865 (wfb::source-text legislative_structure brunei "unicameral" );; line 16870 (wfb::source-text legislative_branch brunei |Legislative Council (Majlis Masyuarat Megeri)| "elections last held in March 1962; in 1970 the Council was changed to an appointive body by decree of the sultan; an elected legislative Council is being considered as part of constitution reform, but elections are unlikely for several years" );; line 16872 (wfb::source-text judicial_branch brunei "Supreme Court" );; line 16879 (wfb::source-text political_parties_and_leaders brunei "Brunei United National Party (inactive), Anak HASANUDDIN, chairman; Brunei National Solidarity Party (the first legal political party and now banned), leader NA; Brunei Peoples Party (banned), leader NA" );; line 16883 (wfb::source-text member_of brunei "APEC, ASEAN, C, ESCAP, FAO, G-77, GATT, ICAO, IDB, IMO, INMARSAT, INTELSAT (nonsignatory user), INTERPOL, IOC, ISO (correspondent), ITU, NAM, OIC, UN, UNCTAD, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO" );; line 16889 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us brunei chief_of_mission "Ambassador Haji JAYA bin Abdul Latif" );; line 16896 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us brunei chancery "Watergate, Suite 300, 3rd floor, 2600 Virginia Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20037" );; line 16898 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us brunei telephone "[1] (202) 342-0159" );; line 16901 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us brunei fax "[1] (202) 342-0158" );; line 16903 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation brunei chief_of_mission "Ambassador Theresa A. TULL" );; line 16908 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation brunei embassy "Third Floor, Teck Guan Plaza, Jalan Sultan, Bandar Seri Begawan" );; line 16910 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation brunei mailing_address "American Embassy Box B, APO AP 96440" );; line 16912 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation brunei telephone "[673] (2) 229670" );; line 16914 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation brunei fax "[673] (2) 225293" );; line 16916 (wfb::source-text flag brunei "yellow with two diagonal bands of white (top, almost double width) and black starting from the upper hoist side; the national emblem in red is superimposed at the center; the emblem includes a swallow-tailed flag on top of a winged column within an upturned crescent above a scroll and flanked by two upraised hands" );; line 16920 (wfb::source-text overview brunei "The economy is a mixture of foreign and domestic entrepreneurship, government regulation and welfare measures, and village tradition. It is almost totally supported by exports of crude oil and natural gas, with revenues from the petroleum sector accounting for more than 40% of GDP. Per capita GDP is among the highest in the Third World, and substantial income from overseas investment supplements domestic production. The government provides for all medical services and subsidizes food and housing." );; line 16929 (wfb::source-text national_product brunei "GDP - purchasing power parity - $4.43 billion (1993 est.)" );; line 16939 (wfb::source-text national_product_real_growth_rate brunei "-4% (1993 est.)" );; line 16943 (wfb::source-text national_product_per_capita brunei "$16,000 (1993 est.)" );; line 16947 (wfb::source-text |Inflation rate (consumer prices)| brunei "2.5% (1993 est.)" );; line 16951 (wfb::source-text unemployment_rate brunei "5% (1993 est.)" );; line 16955 (wfb::source-text budget brunei revenues "$1.5 billion" );; line 16960 (wfb::source-text budget brunei expenditures "$1.5 billion, including capital expenditures of $255 million (1990 est.)" );; line 16962 (wfb::source-text exports brunei "$2.2 billion (f.o.b., 1993 est.)" );; line 16967 (wfb::source-text exports brunei commodities "crude oil, liquefied natural gas, petroleum products" );; line 16969 (wfb::source-text exports brunei partners "Japan 52%, South Korea 10%, UK 9%, Thailand 7%, Singapore 6% (1991)" );; line 16971 (wfb::source-text imports brunei "$1.2 billion (c.i.f., 1993 est.)" );; line 16976 (wfb::source-text imports brunei commodities "machinery and transport equipment, manufactured goods, food, chemicals" );; line 16978 (wfb::source-text imports brunei partners "Singapore 34%, UK 23%, US 10%, Japan 8%, Malaysia 7%, Switzerland 4% (1991)" );; line 16981 (wfb::source-text external_debt brunei "$0" );; line 16986 (wfb::source-text industrial_production brunei "growth rate 12.9% (1987); accounts for 41.6% of GDP (1990), includes mining, quarrying, and manufacturing" );; line 16990 (wfb::source-text electricity brunei capacity "380,000 kW" );; line 16996 (wfb::source-text electricity brunei production "1.2 billion kWh" );; line 16998 (wfb::source-text electricity brunei consumption_per_capita "3,971 kWh (1993)" );; line 17000 (wfb::source-text industry brunei "petroleum, petroleum refining, liquefied natural gas, construction" );; line 17004 (wfb::source-text agriculture brunei "imports about 80% of its food needs; principal crops and livestock include rice, cassava, bananas, buffaloes, and pigs" );; line 17009 (wfb::source-text economic_aid brunei recipient "US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-87), $20.6 million; Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-89), $153 million" );; line 17015 (wfb::source-text currency brunei "1 Bruneian dollar (B$) = 100 cents" );; line 17020 (wfb::source-text exchange_rates brunei "Bruneian dollars (B$) per US$1 - 1.4524 (January 1995), 1.5274 (1994), 1.6158 (1993), 1.6290 (1992), 1.7276 (1991), 1.8125 (1990); note - the Bruneian dollar is at par with the Singapore dollar" );; line 17024 (wfb::source-text fiscal_year brunei "calendar year" );; line 17030 (wfb::source-text railroads brunei total "13 km private line" );; line 17036 (wfb::source-text railroads brunei narrow_gauge "13 km 0.610-m gauge" );; line 17038 (wfb::source-text highways brunei total "1,090 km" );; line 17043 (wfb::source-text highways brunei paved "bituminous 370 km (with another 52 km under construction)" );; line 17045 (wfb::source-text highways brunei unpaved "gravel or earth 720 km" );; line 17047 (wfb::source-text inland_waterways brunei "209 km; navigable by craft drawing less than 1.2 meters" );; line 17051 (wfb::source-text pipelines brunei "crude oil 135 km; petroleum products 418 km; natural gas 920 km" );; line 17055 (wfb::source-text port brunei "Bandar Seri Begawar, Kuala Belait, Muara, Seria, Tutong" );; line 17059 (wfb::source-text merchant_marine brunei total "7 liquefied gas carriers (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 348,476 GRT/340,635 DWT" );; line 17064 (wfb::source-text airports brunei total "5" );; line 17070 (wfb::source-text airports brunei |with paved runways over 3,047 m| "1" );; line 17072 (wfb::source-text airports brunei with_paved_runways_under_914_m "3" );; line 17074 (wfb::source-text airports brunei |with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m| "1" );; line 17076 (wfb::source-text telephone_system brunei "33,000 telephones (1987); service throughout country is adequate for present needs; international service good to adjacent Malaysia" );; line 17081 (wfb::source-text telephone_system brunei local "NA" );; line 17084 (wfb::source-text telephone_system brunei intercity "NA" );; line 17086 (wfb::source-text telephone_system brunei international "INTELSAT (NA Indian Ocean and 1 Pacific Ocean) earth stations" );; line 17088 (wfb::source-text radio brunei broadcast_stations "AM 4, FM 4, shortwave 0" );; line 17093 (wfb::source-text radio brunei radios "74,000 (1987)" );; line 17095 (wfb::source-text television brunei broadcast_stations "1" );; line 17102 (wfb::source-text television brunei televisions "NA" );; line 17104 (wfb::source-text defense_branch brunei "Land Forces, Navy, Air Force, Royal Brunei Police" );; line 17110 (wfb::source-text manpower_availability brunei "males age 15-49 81,560; males fit for military service 47,403; males reach military age (18) annually 2,835 (1995 est.)" );; line 17114 (wfb::source-text defense_expenditures brunei "exchange rate conversion - $312 million, 6.2% of GDP (1994)" );; line 17119 (wfb::source-text location bulgaria "Southeastern Europe, bordering the Black Sea, between Romania and Turkey" );; line 17129 (wfb::source-text map_references bulgaria "Ethnic Groups in Eastern Europe, Europe" );; line 17134 (wfb::source-text area bulgaria total_area "110,910 sq km" );; line 17139 (wfb::source-text area bulgaria land_area "110,550 sq km" );; line 17141 (wfb::source-text area bulgaria comparative_area "slightly larger than Tennessee" );; line 17143 (wfb::source-text borders bulgaria "total 1,808 km, Greece 494 km, The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia 148 km, Romania 608 km, Serbia and Montenegro 318 km (all with Serbia), Turkey 240 km" );; line 17147 (wfb::source-text coastline bulgaria "354 km" );; line 17153 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims bulgaria contiguous_zone "24 nm" );; line 17158 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims bulgaria exclusive_economic_zone "200 nm" );; line 17160 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims bulgaria territorial_sea "12 nm" );; line 17162 (wfb::source-text international_disputes bulgaria "none" );; line 17166 (wfb::source-text climate bulgaria "temperate; cold, damp winters; hot, dry summers" );; line 17170 (wfb::source-text terrain bulgaria "mostly mountains with lowlands in north and southeast" );; line 17174 (wfb::source-text natural-resource bulgaria "bauxite, copper, lead, zinc, coal, timber, arable land" );; line 17178 (wfb::source-text land_use bulgaria arable_land "34%" );; line 17183 (wfb::source-text land_use bulgaria permanent_crops "3%" );; line 17185 (wfb::source-text land_use bulgaria meadows_and_pastures "18%" );; line 17187 (wfb::source-text land_use bulgaria forest_and_woodland "35%" );; line 17189 (wfb::source-text land_use bulgaria other "10%" );; line 17191 (wfb::source-text irrigated_land bulgaria "10 sq km (1989 est.)" );; line 17195 (wfb::source-text environment bulgaria current_issues "air pollution from industrial emissions; rivers polluted from raw sewage, heavy metals, detergents; deforestation; forest damage from air pollution and resulting acid rain; soil contamination from heavy metals from metallurgical plants and industrial wastes" );; line 17200 (wfb::source-text environment bulgaria natural_hazards "earthquakes, landslides" );; line 17205 (wfb::source-text environment bulgaria international_agreements "party to - Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Sulphur 85, Antarctic Treaty, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands; signed, but not ratified - Air Pollution-Sulphur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Law of the Sea" );; line 17207 (wfb::source-text note bulgaria "strategic location near Turkish Straits; controls key land routes from Europe to Middle East and Asia" );; line 17216 (wfb::source-text population bulgaria "8,775,198 (July 1995 est.)" );; line 17223 (wfb::source-text age_structure bulgaria 0-14_years "19% (female 800,413; male 841,697)" );; line 17228 (wfb::source-text age_structure bulgaria 15-64_years "66% (female 2,927,880; male 2,910,133)" );; line 17230 (wfb::source-text age_structure bulgaria 65_years_and_over "15% (female 735,706; male 559,369) (July 1995 est.)" );; line 17232 (wfb::source-text population_growth_rate bulgaria "-0.25% (1995 est.)" );; line 17236 (wfb::source-text birth_rate bulgaria "11.75 births/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 17240 (wfb::source-text death_rate bulgaria "11.31 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 17244 (wfb::source-text net_migration_rate bulgaria "-2.91 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 17248 (wfb::source-text infant_mortality_rate bulgaria "11.4 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.)" );; line 17252 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth bulgaria total_population "73.68 years" );; line 17257 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth bulgaria male "70.43 years" );; line 17259 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth bulgaria female "77.1 years (1995 est.)" );; line 17261 (wfb::source-text total_fertility_rate bulgaria "1.71 children born/woman (1995 est.)" );; line 17265 (wfb::source-text nationality bulgaria noun "Bulgarian(s)" );; line 17270 (wfb::source-text nationality bulgaria adjective "Bulgarian" );; line 17272 (wfb::source-text ethnic-entity bulgaria "Bulgarian 85.3%, Turk 8.5%, Gypsy 2.6%, Macedonian 2.5%, Armenian 0.3%, Russian 0.2%, other 0.6%" );; line 17276 (wfb::source-text religion bulgaria "Bulgarian Orthodox 85%, Muslim 13%, Jewish 0.8%, Roman Catholic 0.5%, Uniate Catholic 0.2%, Protestant, Gregorian-Armenian, and other 0.5%" );; line 17281 (wfb::source-text language bulgaria "Bulgarian; secondary languages closely correspond to ethnic breakdown" );; line 17286 (wfb::source-text literacy bulgaria "age 15 and over can read and write (1992)" );; line 17291 (wfb::source-text literacy bulgaria total_population "98%" );; line 17293 (wfb::source-text literacy bulgaria male "99%" );; line 17295 (wfb::source-text literacy bulgaria female "97%" );; line 17297 (wfb::source-text total_labor_force bulgaria "4.3 million" );; line 17301 (wfb::source-text labor_force_by_occupation bulgaria by_occupation "industry 33%, agriculture 20%, other 47% (1987)" );; line 17303 (wfb::source-text names bulgaria conventional_long_form "Republic of Bulgaria" );; line 17309 (wfb::source-text names bulgaria conventional_short_form "Bulgaria" );; line 17311 (wfb::source-text digraph bulgaria "BU" );; line 17315 (wfb::source-text type bulgaria "emerging democracy" );; line 17319 (wfb::source-text capital bulgaria "Sofia" );; line 17323 (wfb::source-text administrative_divisions bulgaria "9 provinces (oblasti, singular - oblast); Burgas, Grad Sofiya, Khaskovo, Lovech, Montana, Plovdiv, Ruse, Sofiya, Varna" );; line 17327 (wfb::source-text independence bulgaria "22 September 1908 (from Ottoman Empire)" );; line 17332 (wfb::source-text national_holiday bulgaria "Independence Day 3 March (1878)" );; line 17336 (wfb::source-text constitution bulgaria "adopted 12 July 1991" );; line 17340 (wfb::source-text legal_system bulgaria "based on civil law system, with Soviet law influence; has accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction" );; line 17344 (wfb::source-text suffrage bulgaria "18 years of age; universal and compulsory" );; line 17349 (wfb::source-text executive_branch bulgaria chief_of_state "President Zhelyu Mitev ZHELEV (since 1 August 1990); Vice President (vacant); election last held January 1992; results - Zhelyu ZHELEV was elected by popular vote" );; line 17354 (wfb::source-text executive_branch bulgaria head_of_government "Chairman of the Council of Ministers (Prime Minister) Zhan VIDENOV (since 25 January 1995); Deputy Prime Ministers Doncho KONAKCHIEV, Kiril TSOCHEV, Rumen GECHEV, Svetoslav SHIVAROV (since 25 January 1995)" );; line 17358 (wfb::source-text executive_branch bulgaria cabinet "Council of Ministers; elected by the National Assembly" );; line 17362 (wfb::source-text legislative_structure bulgaria "unicameral" );; line 17366 (wfb::source-text legislative_branch bulgaria |National Assembly (Narodno Sobranie)| "last held 18 December 1994 (next to be held NA 1997); results - BSP 43.5%, UDF 24.2%, PU 6.5%, MRF 5.4%, BBB 4.7%; seats - (240 total) BSP 125, UDF 69, PU 18, MRF 15, BBB 13" );; line 17368 (wfb::source-text judicial_branch bulgaria "Supreme Court, Constitutional Court" );; line 17374 (wfb::source-text political_parties_and_leaders bulgaria "Bulgarian Socialist Party (BSP), Zhan VIDENOV, chairman; Union of Democratic Forces (UDF), Ivan KOSTOV an alliance of pro-Democratic parties; People's Union (PU), Stefan SAVOV; Movement for Rights and Freedoms (mainly ethnic Turkish party) (MRF), Ahmed DOGAN; Bulgarian Business Bloc (BBB), George GANCHEV" );; line 17378 (wfb::source-text other_political_or_pressure_groups bulgaria "Democratic Alliance for the Republic (DAR); New Union for Democracy (NUD); Ecoglasnost; Podkrepa Labor Confederation; Fatherland Union; Bulgarian Communist Party (BCP); Confederation of Independent Trade Unions of Bulgaria (KNSB); Bulgarian Agrarian National Union - United (BZNS); Bulgarian Democratic Center; \"Nikola Petkov\" Bulgarian Agrarian National Union; Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization - Union of Macedonian Societies (IMRO-UMS); numerous regional, ethnic, and national interest groups with various agendas" );; line 17386 (wfb::source-text member_of bulgaria "ACCT, BIS, BSEC, CCC, CE, CEI (associate members), EBRD, ECE, FAO, G- 9, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, INMARSAT, INTELSAT (nonsignatory user), INTERPOL, IOC, IOM (observer), ISO, ITU, NACC, NAM (guest), NSG, OSCE, PCA, PFP, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WEU (associate partner), WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC" );; line 17396 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us bulgaria chief_of_mission "Ambassador Snezhana Damianova BOTUSHAROVA" );; line 17405 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us bulgaria chancery "1621 22nd Street NW, Washington, DC 20008" );; line 17407 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us bulgaria telephone "[1] (202) 387-7969" );; line 17409 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us bulgaria fax "[1] (202) 234-7973" );; line 17411 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation bulgaria chief_of_mission "Ambassador William D. MONTGOMERY" );; line 17416 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation bulgaria embassy "1 Saborna Street, Sofia" );; line 17418 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation bulgaria mailing_address "Unit 1335, Sofia; APO AE 09213-1335" );; line 17420 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation bulgaria telephone "[359] (2) 88-48-01 through 05" );; line 17422 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation bulgaria fax "[359] (2) 80-19-77" );; line 17424 (wfb::source-text flag bulgaria "three equal horizontal bands of white (top), green, and red; the national emblem formerly on the hoist side of the white stripe has been removed - it contained a rampant lion within a wreath of wheat ears below a red five-pointed star and above a ribbon bearing the dates 681 (first Bulgarian state established) and 1944 (liberation from Nazi control)" );; line 17428 (wfb::source-text overview bulgaria "The Bulgarian economy continued its painful adjustment in 1994 from the misdirected development undertaken during four decades of Communist rule. Many aspects of a market economy have been put in place and have begun to function, but much of the economy, especially the industrial sector, has yet to re-establish market links lost with the collapse of the other centrally planned Soviet Bloc economies. The prices of many imported industrial inputs, especially energy products, have risen markedly, and falling real wages have not sufficed to restore competitiveness. The government plans more extensive privatization in 1995 to improve the management of enterprises and to encourage foreign investment. Bulgaria resumed payments on its $10 billion in commercial debt in 1993 following the negotiation of a 50% write-off." );; line 17437 (wfb::source-text national_product bulgaria "GDP - purchasing power parity - $33.7 billion (1994 est.)" );; line 17451 (wfb::source-text national_product_real_growth_rate bulgaria "0.2% (1994 est.)" );; line 17455 (wfb::source-text national_product_per_capita bulgaria "$3,830 (1994 est.)" );; line 17459 (wfb::source-text |Inflation rate (consumer prices)| bulgaria "122% (1994)" );; line 17463 (wfb::source-text unemployment_rate bulgaria "16% (1994)" );; line 17467 (wfb::source-text budget bulgaria revenues "$14 billion" );; line 17472 (wfb::source-text budget bulgaria expenditures "$17.4 billion, including capital expenditures of $610 million (1993 est.)" );; line 17474 (wfb::source-text exports bulgaria "$3.6 billion (f.o.b., 1993)" );; line 17479 (wfb::source-text exports bulgaria commodities "machinery and equipment 30.6%; agricultural products 24%; manufactured consumer goods 22.2%; fuels, minerals, raw materials, and metals 10.5%; other 12.7% (1991)" );; line 17481 (wfb::source-text exports bulgaria partners "former CEMA countries 57.7% (FSU 48.6%, Poland 2.1%, Czechoslovakia 0.9%); developed countries 26.3% (Germany 4.8%, Greece 2.2%); less developed countries 15.9% (Libya 2.1%, Iran 0.7%) (1991)" );; line 17485 (wfb::source-text imports bulgaria "$4.3 billion (c.i.f., 1993)" );; line 17491 (wfb::source-text imports bulgaria commodities "fuels, minerals, and raw materials 58.7%; machinery and equipment 15.8%; manufactured consumer goods 4.4%; agricultural products 15.2%; other 5.9%" );; line 17493 (wfb::source-text imports bulgaria partners "former CEMA countries 51.0% (FSU 43.2%, Poland 3.7%); developed countries 32.8% (Germany 7.0%, Austria 4.7%); less developed countries 16.2% (Iran 2.8%, Libya 2.5%)" );; line 17497 (wfb::source-text external_debt bulgaria "$12 billion (1994)" );; line 17503 (wfb::source-text industrial_production bulgaria "growth rate 4% (1994); accounts for about 37% of GDP (1990)" );; line 17507 (wfb::source-text electricity bulgaria capacity "11,500,000 kW" );; line 17512 (wfb::source-text electricity bulgaria production "35.9 billion kWh" );; line 17514 (wfb::source-text electricity bulgaria consumption_per_capita "3,827 kWh (1993)" );; line 17516 (wfb::source-text industry bulgaria "machine building and metal working, food processing, chemicals, textiles, building materials, ferrous and nonferrous metals" );; line 17520 (wfb::source-text agriculture bulgaria "climate and soil conditions support livestock raising and the growing of various grain crops, oilseeds, vegetables, fruits, and tobacco; more than one-third of the arable land devoted to grain; world's fourth-largest tobacco exporter; surplus food producer" );; line 17525 (wfb::source-text illicit_drugs bulgaria "transshipment point for southwest Asian heroin and South American cocaine transiting the Balkan route; limited producer of precursor chemicals" );; line 17532 (wfb::source-text economic_aid bulgaria recipient "$700 million in balance of payments support (1994)" );; line 17538 (wfb::source-text currency bulgaria "1 lev (Lv) = 100 stotinki" );; line 17542 (wfb::source-text exchange_rates bulgaria "leva (Lv) per US$1 - 67.04 (January 1995), 32.00 (January 1994), 24.56 (January 1993), 17.18 (January 1992), 16.13 (March 1991), 0.7446 (November 1990); note - floating exchange rate since February 1991" );; line 17546 (wfb::source-text fiscal_year bulgaria "calendar year" );; line 17552 (wfb::source-text railroads bulgaria total "4,294 km" );; line 17558 (wfb::source-text railroads bulgaria standard_gauge "4,049 km 1.435-m gauge (2,650 km electrified; 917 double track)" );; line 17560 (wfb::source-text railroads bulgaria other "245 km NA-m gauge (1994)" );; line 17562 (wfb::source-text highways bulgaria total "36,932 km" );; line 17567 (wfb::source-text highways bulgaria paved "33,904 km (including 276 km expressways)" );; line 17569 (wfb::source-text highways bulgaria unpaved "earth 3,028 km (1992)" );; line 17571 (wfb::source-text inland_waterways bulgaria "470 km (1987)" );; line 17575 (wfb::source-text pipelines bulgaria "crude oil 193 km; petroleum products 525 km; natural gas 1,400 km (1992)" );; line 17579 (wfb::source-text port bulgaria "Burgas, Lom, Nesebur, Ruse, Varna, Vidin" );; line 17584 (wfb::source-text merchant_marine bulgaria total "109 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 1,191,231 GRT/1,762,461 DWT" );; line 17589 (wfb::source-text merchant_marine bulgaria ships_by_type "bulk 47, cargo 29, chemical carrier 4, container 2, oil tanker 15, passenger-cargo 2, railcar carrier 2, roll-on/roll-off cargo 6, short-sea passenger 1, refrigerated cargo 1" );; line 17592 (wfb::source-text airports bulgaria total "355" );; line 17602 (wfb::source-text airports bulgaria |with paved runways over 3,047 m| "1" );; line 17604 (wfb::source-text airports bulgaria |with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m| "17" );; line 17606 (wfb::source-text airports bulgaria |with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m| "10" );; line 17608 (wfb::source-text airports bulgaria with_paved_runways_under_914_m "88" );; line 17610 (wfb::source-text airports bulgaria |with unpaved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m| "2" );; line 17612 (wfb::source-text airports bulgaria |with unpaved runways 1,524 to 2,438 m| "1" );; line 17614 (wfb::source-text airports bulgaria |with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m| "10" );; line 17616 (wfb::source-text airports bulgaria with_unpaved_runways_under_914_m "226" );; line 17618 (wfb::source-text telephone_system bulgaria "2,600,000 telephones; 29 telephones/100 persons (1992); extensive but antiquated transmission system of coaxial cable and microwave radio relay; direct dialing to 36 countries; telephone service is available in most villages; almost two-thirds of the lines are residential; 67% of Sofia households have phones (November 1988)" );; line 17623 (wfb::source-text telephone_system bulgaria local "NA" );; line 17629 (wfb::source-text telephone_system bulgaria intercity "NA" );; line 17631 (wfb::source-text telephone_system bulgaria international "1 earth station using Intersputnik; INTELSAT link used through a Greek earth station" );; line 17633 (wfb::source-text radio bulgaria broadcast_stations "AM 20, FM 15, shortwave 0" );; line 17639 (wfb::source-text radio bulgaria radios "NA" );; line 17641 (wfb::source-text television bulgaria broadcast_stations "29 (Russian repeater in Sofia 1)" );; line 17646 (wfb::source-text television bulgaria televisions "2.1 million (May 1990)" );; line 17648 (wfb::source-text defense_branch bulgaria "Army, Navy, Air and Air Defense Forces, Border Troops, Internal Troops" );; line 17654 (wfb::source-text manpower_availability bulgaria "males age 15-49 2,171,414; males fit for military service 1,810,989; males reach military age (19) annually 69,200 (1995 est.)" );; line 17659 (wfb::source-text defense_expenditures bulgaria "13 billion leva, NA% of GDP (1994 est.); note - conversion of defense expenditures into US dollars using the current exchange rate could produce misleading results" );; line 17664 (wfb::source-text location burkina "Western Africa, north of Ghana" );; line 17676 (wfb::source-text map_references burkina "Africa" );; line 17680 (wfb::source-text area burkina total_area "274,200 sq km" );; line 17685 (wfb::source-text area burkina land_area "273,800 sq km" );; line 17687 (wfb::source-text area burkina comparative_area "slightly larger than Colorado" );; line 17689 (wfb::source-text borders burkina "total 3,192 km, Benin 306 km, Ghana 548 km, Cote d'Ivoire 584 km, Mali 1,000 km, Niger 628 km, Togo 126 km" );; line 17693 (wfb::source-text coastline burkina "0 km (landlocked)" );; line 17698 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims burkina "none; landlocked" );; line 17702 (wfb::source-text international_disputes burkina "following mutual acceptance of an International Court of Justice (ICJ) ruling in December 1986 on their international boundary dispute, Burkina and Mali are proceeding with boundary demarcation, including the tripoint with Niger" );; line 17706 (wfb::source-text climate burkina "tropical; warm, dry winters; hot, wet summers" );; line 17713 (wfb::source-text terrain burkina "mostly flat to dissected, undulating plains; hills in west and southeast" );; line 17717 (wfb::source-text natural-resource burkina "manganese, limestone, marble; small deposits of gold, antimony, copper, nickel, bauxite, lead, phosphates, zinc, silver" );; line 17722 (wfb::source-text land_use burkina arable_land "10%" );; line 17728 (wfb::source-text land_use burkina permanent_crops "0%" );; line 17730 (wfb::source-text land_use burkina meadows_and_pastures "37%" );; line 17732 (wfb::source-text land_use burkina forest_and_woodland "26%" );; line 17734 (wfb::source-text land_use burkina other "27%" );; line 17736 (wfb::source-text irrigated_land burkina "160 sq km (1989 est.)" );; line 17740 (wfb::source-text environment burkina current_issues "recent droughts and desertification severely affecting agricultural activities, population distribution, and the economy; overgrazing; soil degradation; deforestation" );; line 17745 (wfb::source-text environment burkina natural_hazards "recurring droughts" );; line 17749 (wfb::source-text environment burkina international_agreements "party to - Biodiversity, Climate Change, Endangered Species, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands; signed, but not ratified - Desertification, Law of the Sea, Nuclear Test Ban" );; line 17751 (wfb::source-text note burkina "landlocked" );; line 17757 (wfb::source-text population burkina "10,422,828 (July 1995 est.)" );; line 17763 (wfb::source-text age_structure burkina 0-14_years "48% (female 2,488,662; male 2,517,245)" );; line 17768 (wfb::source-text age_structure burkina 15-64_years "49% (female 2,707,601; male 2,378,957)" );; line 17770 (wfb::source-text age_structure burkina 65_years_and_over "3% (female 184,578; male 145,785) (July 1995 est.)" );; line 17772 (wfb::source-text population_growth_rate burkina "2.79% (1995 est.)" );; line 17776 (wfb::source-text birth_rate burkina "48.05 births/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 17780 (wfb::source-text death_rate burkina "18.22 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 17784 (wfb::source-text net_migration_rate burkina "-1.9 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 17788 (wfb::source-text infant_mortality_rate burkina "116.9 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.)" );; line 17792 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth burkina total_population "46.6 years" );; line 17797 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth burkina male "45.71 years" );; line 17799 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth burkina female "47.51 years (1995 est.)" );; line 17801 (wfb::source-text total_fertility_rate burkina "6.88 children born/woman (1995 est.)" );; line 17805 (wfb::source-text nationality burkina noun "Burkinabe (singular and plural)" );; line 17810 (wfb::source-text nationality burkina adjective "Burkinabe" );; line 17812 (wfb::source-text ethnic-entity burkina "Mossi (about 2.5 million), Gurunsi, Senufo, Lobi, Bobo, Mande, Fulani" );; line 17816 (wfb::source-text religion burkina "indigenous beliefs 40%, Muslim 50%, Christian (mainly Roman Catholic) 10%" );; line 17821 (wfb::source-text language burkina "French (official), tribal languages belonging to Sudanic family, spoken by 90% of the population" );; line 17826 (wfb::source-text literacy burkina "age 15 and over can read and write (1990 est.)" );; line 17831 (wfb::source-text literacy burkina total_population "18%" );; line 17833 (wfb::source-text literacy burkina male "28%" );; line 17835 (wfb::source-text literacy burkina female "9%" );; line 17837 (wfb::source-text total_labor_force burkina "NA (most adults are employed in subsistance agriculture)" );; line 17841 (wfb::source-text labor_force_by_occupation burkina by_occupation "agriculture 80%, industry 15%, commerce, services, and government 5%" );; line 17843 (wfb::source-text names burkina conventional_long_form "Burkina Faso" );; line 17853 (wfb::source-text names burkina conventional_short_form "Burkina" );; line 17855 (wfb::source-text names burkina former "Upper Volta" );; line 17857 (wfb::source-text digraph burkina "UV" );; line 17861 (wfb::source-text type burkina "parliamentary" );; line 17865 (wfb::source-text capital burkina "Ouagadougou" );; line 17869 (wfb::source-text administrative_divisions burkina "30 provinces; Bam, Bazega, Bougouriba, Boulgou, Boulkiemde, Ganzourgou, Gnagna, Gourma, Houet, Kadiogo, Kenedougou, Komoe, Kossi, Kouritenga, Mouhoun, Namentenga, Naouri, Oubritenga, Oudalan, Passore, Poni, Sanguie, Sanmatenga, Seno, Sissili, Soum, Sourou, Tapoa, Yatenga, Zoundweogo" );; line 17873 (wfb::source-text independence burkina "5 August 1960 (from France)" );; line 17880 (wfb::source-text national_holiday burkina "Anniversary of the Revolution, 4 August (1983)" );; line 17884 (wfb::source-text constitution burkina "2 June 1991" );; line 17888 (wfb::source-text legal_system burkina "based on French civil law system and customary law" );; line 17892 (wfb::source-text suffrage burkina "none" );; line 17896 (wfb::source-text executive_branch burkina chief_of_state "President Captain Blaise COMPAORE (since 15 October 1987); election last held December 1991" );; line 17901 (wfb::source-text executive_branch burkina head_of_government "Prime Minister Roch KABORE (since March 1994)" );; line 17904 (wfb::source-text executive_branch burkina cabinet "Council of Ministers; appointed by the president" );; line 17906 (wfb::source-text legislative_structure burkina "unicameral" );; line 17910 (wfb::source-text legislative_branch burkina |Assembly of People's Deputies| "elections last held 24 May 1992 (next to be held 1997); results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (107 total), ODP-MT 78, CNPP-PSD 12, RDA 6, ADF 4, other 7" );; line 17912 (wfb::source-text judicial_branch burkina "Appeals Court" );; line 17921 (wfb::source-text political_parties_and_leaders burkina "Organization for People's Democracy - Labor Movement (ODP-MT), ruling party, Simon COMPAORE, Secretary General; National Convention of Progressive Patriots-Social Democratic Party (CNPP-PSD), Moussa BOLY; African Democratic Rally (RDA), Gerard Kango OUEDRAOGO; Alliance for Democracy and Federation (ADF), Amadou Michel NANA" );; line 17925 (wfb::source-text other_political_or_pressure_groups burkina "committees for the defense of the revolution; watchdog/political action groups throughout the country in both organizations and communities" );; line 17933 (wfb::source-text member_of burkina "ACCT, ACP, AfDB, CCC, CEAO, ECA, ECOWAS, Entente, FAO, FZ, G-77, GATT, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, ITU, NAM, OAU, OIC, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WADB, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO" );; line 17938 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us burkina chief_of_mission "Ambassador Gaetan R. OUEDRAOGO" );; line 17946 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us burkina chancery "2340 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008" );; line 17948 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us burkina telephone "[1] (202) 332-5577, 6895" );; line 17950 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation burkina chief_of_mission "Ambassador Donald J. McCONNELL" );; line 17955 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation burkina embassy "Avenue Raoul Follerau, Ouagadougou" );; line 17957 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation burkina mailing_address "01 B. P. 35, Ouagadougou" );; line 17959 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation burkina telephone "[226] 306723 through 306725" );; line 17961 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation burkina fax "[226] 312368" );; line 17963 (wfb::source-text flag burkina "two equal horizontal bands of red (top) and green with a yellow five-pointed star in the center; uses the popular pan-African colors of Ethiopia" );; line 17967 (wfb::source-text overview burkina "One of the poorest countries in the world, Burkina has a high population density and a high population growth rate, few natural resources, and a fragile soil. Economic development is hindered by a poor communications network within a landlocked country. Agriculture provides about 40% of GDP and is mainly of a subsistence nature. Industry, dominated by unprofitable government-controlled corporations, accounts for about 15% of GDP. Following the 50% currency devaluation in January 1994, the government updated its development program in conjunction with international agencies. Even with the best of plans, however, the government faces formidable problems on all sides." );; line 17973 (wfb::source-text national_product burkina "GDP - purchasing power parity - $6.5 billion (1993 est.)" );; line 17985 (wfb::source-text national_product_real_growth_rate burkina "0.4% (1993 est.)" );; line 17989 (wfb::source-text national_product_per_capita burkina "$660 (1993 est.)" );; line 17993 (wfb::source-text |Inflation rate (consumer prices)| burkina "-0.6% (1993 est.)" );; line 17997 (wfb::source-text unemployment_rate burkina "NA%" );; line 18001 (wfb::source-text budget burkina revenues "$483 million" );; line 18006 (wfb::source-text budget burkina expenditures "$548 million, including capital expenditures of $189 million (1992)" );; line 18008 (wfb::source-text exports burkina "$273 million (f.o.b., 1993)" );; line 18013 (wfb::source-text exports burkina commodities "cotton, gold, animal products" );; line 18015 (wfb::source-text exports burkina partners "EC 42%, Cote d'Ivoire 11%, Taiwan 15% (1992)" );; line 18017 (wfb::source-text imports burkina "$636 million (f.o.b., 1993)" );; line 18021 (wfb::source-text imports burkina commodities "machinery, food products, petroleum" );; line 18023 (wfb::source-text imports burkina partners "EC 49%, Africa 24%, Japan 6% (1992)" );; line 18025 (wfb::source-text external_debt burkina "$865 million (December 1991 est.)" );; line 18029 (wfb::source-text industrial_production burkina "growth rate 6.7% (1992); accounts for about 15% of GDP" );; line 18033 (wfb::source-text electricity burkina capacity "60,000 kW" );; line 18038 (wfb::source-text electricity burkina production "190 million kWh" );; line 18040 (wfb::source-text electricity burkina consumption_per_capita "17 kWh (1993)" );; line 18042 (wfb::source-text industry burkina "cotton lint, beverages, agricultural processing, soap, cigarettes, textiles, gold mining and extraction" );; line 18046 (wfb::source-text agriculture burkina "accounts for about 40% of GDP; cash crops - peanuts, shea nuts, sesame, cotton; food crops - sorghum, millet, corn, rice; livestock; not self-sufficient in food grains" );; line 18051 (wfb::source-text economic_aid burkina recipient "US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-89), $294 million; Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-89), $2.9 billion; Communist countries (1970-89), $113 million" );; line 18058 (wfb::source-text currency burkina "1 CFA franc (CFAF) = 100 centimes" );; line 18064 (wfb::source-text exchange_rates burkina "CFA francs (CFAF) per US$1 - 529.43 (January 1995), 555.20 (1995), 283.16 (1993), 264.69 (1992), 282.11 (1991), 272.26 (1990)" );; line 18068 (wfb::source-text fiscal_year burkina "calendar year" );; line 18076 (wfb::source-text railroads burkina total "620 km (520 km Ouagadougou to Cote d'Ivoire border and 100 km Ouagadougou to Kaya; single track)" );; line 18082 (wfb::source-text railroads burkina narrow_gauge "620 km 1.000-m gauge" );; line 18085 (wfb::source-text highways burkina total "16,500 km" );; line 18090 (wfb::source-text highways burkina paved "1,300 km" );; line 18092 (wfb::source-text highways burkina unpaved "improved earth 7,400 km; unimproved earth 7,800 km (1985)" );; line 18094 (wfb::source-text port burkina "none" );; line 18098 (wfb::source-text airports burkina total "48" );; line 18103 (wfb::source-text airports burkina |with paved runways over 3,047 m| "1" );; line 18105 (wfb::source-text airports burkina |with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m| "1" );; line 18107 (wfb::source-text airports burkina with_paved_runways_under_914_m "26" );; line 18109 (wfb::source-text airports burkina |with unpaved runways 1,524 to 2,438 m| "4" );; line 18111 (wfb::source-text airports burkina |with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m| "16" );; line 18113 (wfb::source-text telephone_system burkina "NA telephones; all services only fair" );; line 18118 (wfb::source-text telephone_system burkina local "NA" );; line 18120 (wfb::source-text telephone_system burkina intercity "microwave radio relay, wire, and radio communication stations" );; line 18122 (wfb::source-text telephone_system burkina international "1 Atlantic Ocean INTELSAT earth station" );; line 18124 (wfb::source-text radio burkina broadcast_stations "AM 2, FM 1, shortwave 0" );; line 18129 (wfb::source-text radio burkina radios "NA" );; line 18131 (wfb::source-text television burkina broadcast_stations "2" );; line 18136 (wfb::source-text television burkina televisions "NA" );; line 18138 (wfb::source-text defense_branch burkina "Army, Air Force, National Gendarmerie, National Police, People's Militia" );; line 18144 (wfb::source-text manpower_availability burkina "males age 15-49 2,081,999; males fit for military service 1,065,605 (1995 est.)" );; line 18149 (wfb::source-text defense_expenditures burkina "exchange rate conversion - $104 million, 6.4% of GDP (1994)" );; line 18154 (wfb::source-text location burma "Southeastern Asia, bordering the Andaman Sea and the Bay of Bengal, between Bangladesh and Thailand" );; line 18164 (wfb::source-text map_references burma "Southeast Asia" );; line 18169 (wfb::source-text area burma total_area "678,500 sq km" );; line 18174 (wfb::source-text area burma land_area "657,740 sq km" );; line 18176 (wfb::source-text area burma comparative_area "slightly smaller than Texas" );; line 18178 (wfb::source-text borders burma "total 5,876 km, Bangladesh 193 km, China 2,185 km, India 1,463 km, Laos 235 km, Thailand 1,800 km" );; line 18182 (wfb::source-text coastline burma "1,930 km" );; line 18187 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims burma contiguous_zone "24 nm" );; line 18192 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims burma continental_shelf "200 nm or to the edge of the continental margin" );; line 18194 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims burma exclusive_economic_zone "200 nm" );; line 18196 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims burma territorial_sea "12 nm" );; line 18198 (wfb::source-text international_disputes burma "none" );; line 18202 (wfb::source-text climate burma "tropical monsoon; cloudy, rainy, hot, humid summers (southwest monsoon, June to September); less cloudy, scant rainfall, mild temperatures, lower humidity during winter (northeast monsoon, December to April)" );; line 18206 (wfb::source-text terrain burma "central lowlands ringed by steep, rugged highlands" );; line 18212 (wfb::source-text natural-resource burma "petroleum, timber, tin, antimony, zinc, copper, tungsten, lead, coal, some marble, limestone, precious stones, natural gas" );; line 18216 (wfb::source-text land_use burma arable_land "15%" );; line 18222 (wfb::source-text land_use burma permanent_crops "1%" );; line 18224 (wfb::source-text land_use burma meadows_and_pastures "1%" );; line 18226 (wfb::source-text land_use burma forest_and_woodland "49%" );; line 18228 (wfb::source-text land_use burma other "34%" );; line 18230 (wfb::source-text irrigated_land burma "10,180 sq km (1989)" );; line 18234 (wfb::source-text environment burma current_issues "deforestation; industrial pollution of air, soil, and water; inadequate sanitation and water treatment contribute to disease" );; line 18239 (wfb::source-text environment burma natural_hazards "destructive earthquakes and cyclones; flooding and landslides common during rainy season (June to September); periodic droughts" );; line 18242 (wfb::source-text environment burma international_agreements "party to - Biodiversity, Climate Change, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83; signed, but not ratified - Law of the Sea" );; line 18245 (wfb::source-text note burma "strategic location near major Indian Ocean shipping lanes" );; line 18251 (wfb::source-text population burma "45,103,809 (July 1995 est.)" );; line 18257 (wfb::source-text age_structure burma 0-14_years "36% (female 7,963,544; male 8,285,459)" );; line 18262 (wfb::source-text age_structure burma 15-64_years "60% (female 13,478,211; male 13,404,987)" );; line 18264 (wfb::source-text age_structure burma 65_years_and_over "4% (female 1,080,922; male 890,686) (July 1995 est.)" );; line 18266 (wfb::source-text population_growth_rate burma "1.84% (1995 est.)" );; line 18270 (wfb::source-text birth_rate burma "28.02 births/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 18274 (wfb::source-text death_rate burma "9.63 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 18278 (wfb::source-text net_migration_rate burma "0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 18282 (wfb::source-text infant_mortality_rate burma "61.6 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.)" );; line 18286 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth burma total_population "60.47 years" );; line 18291 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth burma male "58.38 years" );; line 18293 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth burma female "62.69 years (1995 est.)" );; line 18295 (wfb::source-text total_fertility_rate burma "3.58 children born/woman (1995 est.)" );; line 18299 (wfb::source-text nationality burma noun "Burmese (singular and plural)" );; line 18304 (wfb::source-text nationality burma adjective "Burmese" );; line 18306 (wfb::source-text ethnic-entity burma "Burman 68%, Shan 9%, Karen 7%, Rakhine 4%, Chinese 3%, Mon 2%, Indian 2%, other 5%" );; line 18310 (wfb::source-text religion burma "Buddhist 89%, Christian 4% (Baptist 3%, Roman Catholic 1%), Muslim 4%, animist beliefs 1%, other 2%" );; line 18315 (wfb::source-text language burma "Burmese; minority ethnic groups have their own languages" );; line 18320 (wfb::source-text literacy burma "age 15 and over can read and write (1990 est.)" );; line 18324 (wfb::source-text literacy burma total_population "81%" );; line 18326 (wfb::source-text literacy burma male "89%" );; line 18328 (wfb::source-text literacy burma female "72%" );; line 18330 (wfb::source-text total_labor_force burma "16.007 million (1992)" );; line 18334 (wfb::source-text labor_force_by_occupation burma by_occupation "agriculture 65.2%, industry 14.3%, trade 10.1%, government 6.3%, other 4.1% (FY88/89 est.)" );; line 18336 (wfb::source-text names burma conventional_long_form "Union of Burma" );; line 18343 (wfb::source-text names burma conventional_short_form "Burma" );; line 18345 (wfb::source-text names burma local_long_form "Pyidaungzu Myanma Naingngandaw (translated by the US Government as Union of Myanma and by the Burmese as Union of Myanmar)" );; line 18347 (wfb::source-text names burma local_short_form "Myanma Naingngandaw" );; line 18350 (wfb::source-text names burma former "Socialist Republic of the Union of Burma" );; line 18352 (wfb::source-text digraph burma "BM" );; line 18356 (wfb::source-text type burma "military regime" );; line 18360 (wfb::source-text capital burma "Rangoon (regime refers to the capital as Yangon)" );; line 18364 (wfb::source-text administrative_divisions burma "7 divisions* (yin-mya, singular - yin) and 7 states (pyine-mya, singular - pyine); Chin State, Ayeyarwady*, Bago*, Kachin State, Kayin State, Kayah State, Magway*, Mandalay*, Mon State, Rakhine State, Sagaing*, Shan State, Tanintharyi*, Yangon*" );; line 18368 (wfb::source-text independence burma "4 January 1948 (from UK)" );; line 18375 (wfb::source-text national_holiday burma "Independence Day, 4 January (1948)" );; line 18379 (wfb::source-text constitution burma "3 January 1974 (suspended since 18 September 1988); National Convention started on 9 January 1993 to draft a new constitution; chapter headings and three of 15 sections have been approved" );; line 18383 (wfb::source-text legal_system burma "has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction" );; line 18389 (wfb::source-text suffrage burma "18 years of age; universal" );; line 18393 (wfb::source-text executive_branch burma chief_of_state_and_head_of_government "Chairman of the State Law and Order Restoration Council Gen. THAN SHWE (since 23 April 1992)" );; line 18398 (wfb::source-text executive_branch burma state_law_and_order_restoration_council "military junta which assumed power 18 September 1988" );; line 18401 (wfb::source-text legislative_branch burma |People's Assembly (Pyithu Hluttaw)| "election last held 27 May 1990, but Assembly never convened; results - NLD 80%; seats - (485 total) NLD 396, the regime-favored NUP 10, other 79; was dissolved after the coup of 18 September 1988" );; line 18406 (wfb::source-text judicial_branch burma "limited; remnants of the British-era legal system in place, but there is no guarantee of a fair public trial; the judiciary is not independent of the executive" );; line 18412 (wfb::source-text political_parties_and_leaders burma "Union Solidarity and Development Association (USDA), THAN AUNG, Secretary; National Unity Party (NUP; proregime), THA KYAW; National League for Democracy (NLD), U AUNG SHWE; and eight other minor legal parties" );; line 18418 (wfb::source-text other_political_or_pressure_groups burma "National Coalition Government of the Union of Burma (NCGUB), headed by the elected prime minister SEIN WIN (consists of individuals legitimately elected to Parliament but not recognized by the military regime; the group fled to a border area and joined with insurgents in December 1990 to form a parallel government; Kachin Independence Army (KIA); United Wa State Army (UWSA); Karen National Union (KNU); several Shan factions, including the Mong Tai Army (MTA); All Burma Student Democratic Front (ABSDF)" );; line 18424 (wfb::source-text member_of burma "AsDB, CCC, CP, ESCAP, FAO, G-77, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT (nonsignatory user), INTERPOL, IOC, ITU, NAM, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WHO, WMO" );; line 18434 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us burma chief_of_mission "Ambassador U THAUNG" );; line 18441 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us burma chancery "2300 S Street NW, Washington, DC 20008" );; line 18443 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us burma telephone "[1] (202) 332-9044, 9045" );; line 18445 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us burma |consulate(s) general| "New York" );; line 18447 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation burma chief_of_mission "(vacant); Charge d'Affaires Marilyn A. MEYERS" );; line 18452 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation burma embassy "581 Merchant Street, Rangoon (GPO 521)" );; line 18454 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation burma mailing_address "American Embassy, Box B, APO AP 96546" );; line 18456 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation burma telephone "[95] (1) 82055, 82182 (operator assistance required)" );; line 18458 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation burma fax "[95] (1) 80409" );; line 18460 (wfb::source-text flag burma "red with a blue rectangle in the upper hoist-side corner bearing, all in white, 14 five-pointed stars encircling a cogwheel containing a stalk of rice; the 14 stars represent the 14 administrative divisions" );; line 18464 (wfb::source-text overview burma "Burma has a mixed economy with about 75% private activity, mainly in agriculture, light industry, and transport, and with about 25% state-controlled activity, mainly in energy, heavy industry, and foreign trade. Government policy in the last six years, 1989-94, has aimed at revitalizing the economy after four decades of tight central planning. Thus, private activity has markedly increased; foreign investment has been encouraged, so far with moderate success; and efforts continue to increase the efficiency of state enterprises. Published estimates of Burma's foreign trade are greatly understated because of the volume of black market trade. A major ongoing problem is the failure to achieve monetary and fiscal stability. Although Burma remains a poor Asian country, its rich resources furnish the potential for substantial long-term increases in income, exports, and living standards." );; line 18471 (wfb::source-text national_product burma "GDP - purchasing power parity - $41.4 billion (1994 est.)" );; line 18486 (wfb::source-text national_product_real_growth_rate burma "6.4% (1994)" );; line 18490 (wfb::source-text national_product_per_capita burma "$930 (1994 est.)" );; line 18494 (wfb::source-text |Inflation rate (consumer prices)| burma "38% (1994 est.)" );; line 18498 (wfb::source-text unemployment_rate burma "NA%" );; line 18502 (wfb::source-text budget burma revenues "$4.4 billion" );; line 18507 (wfb::source-text budget burma expenditures "$6.7 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA (FY93/94 est.)" );; line 18509 (wfb::source-text exports burma "$674 million (FY93/94 est.)" );; line 18514 (wfb::source-text exports burma commodities "pulses and beans, teak, rice, hardwood" );; line 18516 (wfb::source-text exports burma partners "Singapore, China, Thailand, India, Hong Kong" );; line 18518 (wfb::source-text imports burma "$1.2 billion (FY93/94 est.)" );; line 18522 (wfb::source-text imports burma commodities "machinery, transport equipment, chemicals, food products" );; line 18524 (wfb::source-text imports burma partners "Japan, China, Thailand, Singapore, Malaysia" );; line 18526 (wfb::source-text external_debt burma "$5.4 billion (FY93/94 est.)" );; line 18530 (wfb::source-text industrial_production burma "growth rate 4.9% (FY92/93 est.); accounts for 10% of GDP" );; line 18534 (wfb::source-text electricity burma capacity "1,100,000 kW" );; line 18539 (wfb::source-text electricity burma production "2.6 billion kWh" );; line 18541 (wfb::source-text electricity burma consumption_per_capita "55 kWh (1993)" );; line 18543 (wfb::source-text industry burma "agricultural processing; textiles and footwear; wood and wood products; petroleum refining; mining of copper, tin, tungsten, iron; construction materials; pharmaceuticals; fertilizer" );; line 18547 (wfb::source-text agriculture burma "accounts for 65% of GDP and 65% of employment (including fishing, animal husbandry, and forestry); self-sufficient in food; principal crops - paddy rice, corn, oilseed, sugarcane, pulses; world's largest stand of hardwood trees; rice and timber account for 55% of export revenues" );; line 18553 (wfb::source-text illicit_drugs burma "world's largest illicit producer of opium (2,030 metric tons in 1994 - dropped 21% due to regional drought in 1994) and minor producer of cannabis for the international drug trade; opium production continues to be almost double since the collapse of Rangoon's antinarcotic programs; growing role in amphetamine production for regional consumption" );; line 18560 (wfb::source-text economic_aid burma recipient "US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-89), $158 million; Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-89), $3.9 billion; Communist countries (1970-89), $424 million" );; line 18569 (wfb::source-text currency burma "1 kyat (K) = 100 pyas" );; line 18575 (wfb::source-text exchange_rates burma "kyats (K) per US$1 - 5.8640 (January 1995), 5.9749 (1994), 6.1570 (1993), 6.1045 (1992), 6.2837 (1991), 6.3386 (1990); unofficial - 120" );; line 18579 (wfb::source-text fiscal_year burma "1 April - 31 March" );; line 18584 (wfb::source-text railroads burma total "3,991 km (3,878 km common carrier lines, 113 km industrial lines)" );; line 18590 (wfb::source-text railroads burma standard_gauge "3,878 km 1.435-m gauge" );; line 18592 (wfb::source-text railroads burma other "113 km NA-m gauge" );; line 18594 (wfb::source-text highways burma total "27,000 km" );; line 18599 (wfb::source-text highways burma paved "bituminous 3,200 km" );; line 18601 (wfb::source-text highways burma unpaved "gravel, improved earth 17,700 km; unimproved earth 6,100 km" );; line 18603 (wfb::source-text inland_waterways burma "12,800 km; 3,200 km navigable by large commercial vessels" );; line 18607 (wfb::source-text pipelines burma "crude oil 1,343 km; natural gas 330 km" );; line 18611 (wfb::source-text port burma "Bassein, Bhamo, Chauk, Mandalay, Moulmein, Myitkyina, Rangoon, Sittwe, Tavoy" );; line 18615 (wfb::source-text merchant_marine burma total "49 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 638,297 GRT/884,492 DWT" );; line 18621 (wfb::source-text merchant_marine burma ships_by_type "bulk 19, cargo 15, chemical tanker 1, container 2, oil tanker 3, passenger-cargo 3, refrigerated cargo 4, vehicle carrier 2" );; line 18623 (wfb::source-text airports burma total "80" );; line 18629 (wfb::source-text airports burma |with paved runways over 3,047 m| "2" );; line 18631 (wfb::source-text airports burma |with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m| "2" );; line 18633 (wfb::source-text airports burma |with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m| "10" );; line 18635 (wfb::source-text airports burma |with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m| "11" );; line 18637 (wfb::source-text airports burma with_paved_runways_under_914_m "33" );; line 18639 (wfb::source-text airports burma |with unpaved runways 1,524 to 2,438 m| "5" );; line 18641 (wfb::source-text airports burma |with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m| "17" );; line 18643 (wfb::source-text telephone_system burma "53,000 telephones (1986); meets minimum requirements for local and intercity service for business and government; international service is good" );; line 18648 (wfb::source-text telephone_system burma local "NA" );; line 18652 (wfb::source-text telephone_system burma intercity "NA" );; line 18654 (wfb::source-text telephone_system burma international "1 INTELSAT (Indian Ocean) earth station" );; line 18656 (wfb::source-text radio burma broadcast_stations "AM 2, FM 1, shortwave 0 (1985)" );; line 18661 (wfb::source-text radio burma radios "NA" );; line 18663 (wfb::source-text television burma broadcast_stations "1 (1985)" );; line 18670 (wfb::source-text television burma televisions "NA" );; line 18672 (wfb::source-text defense_branch burma "Army, Navy, Air Force" );; line 18678 (wfb::source-text manpower_availability burma "males age 15-49 11,553,094; females age 15-49 11,463,189; males fit for military service 6,180,091; females fit for military service 6,116,421; males reach military age (18) annually 457,445 (1995 est.); females reach military age (18) annually 441,628 (1995 est.)" );; line 18682 (wfb::source-text defense_expenditures burma "$NA, NA% of GDP" );; line 18691 (wfb::source-text location burundi "Central Africa, east of Zaire" );; line 18701 (wfb::source-text map_references burundi "Africa" );; line 18705 (wfb::source-text area burundi total_area "27,830 sq km" );; line 18710 (wfb::source-text area burundi land_area "25,650 sq km" );; line 18712 (wfb::source-text area burundi comparative_area "slightly larger than Maryland" );; line 18714 (wfb::source-text borders burundi "total 974 km, Rwanda 290 km, Tanzania 451 km, Zaire 233 km" );; line 18718 (wfb::source-text coastline burundi "0 km (landlocked)" );; line 18722 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims burundi "none; landlocked" );; line 18726 (wfb::source-text international_disputes burundi "none" );; line 18730 (wfb::source-text climate burundi "temperate; warm; occasional frost in uplands; dry season from June to September" );; line 18734 (wfb::source-text terrain burundi "hilly and mountainous, dropping to a plateau in east, some plains" );; line 18739 (wfb::source-text natural-resource burundi "nickel, uranium, rare earth oxide, peat, cobalt, copper, platinum (not yet exploited), vanadium" );; line 18743 (wfb::source-text land_use burundi arable_land "43%" );; line 18749 (wfb::source-text land_use burundi permanent_crops "8%" );; line 18751 (wfb::source-text land_use burundi meadows_and_pastures "35%" );; line 18753 (wfb::source-text land_use burundi forest_and_woodland "2%" );; line 18755 (wfb::source-text land_use burundi other "12%" );; line 18757 (wfb::source-text irrigated_land burundi "720 sq km (1989 est.)" );; line 18761 (wfb::source-text environment burundi current_issues "soil erosion as a result of overgrazing and the expansion of agriculture into marginal lands; deforestation (little forested land remains because of uncontrolled cutting of trees for fuel); habitat loss threatens wildlife populations" );; line 18766 (wfb::source-text environment burundi natural_hazards "flooding, landslides" );; line 18771 (wfb::source-text environment burundi international_agreements "party to - Endangered Species; signed, but not ratified - Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Law of the Sea, Nuclear Test Ban" );; line 18773 (wfb::source-text note burundi "landlocked; straddles crest of the Nile-Congo watershed" );; line 18778 (wfb::source-text population burundi "6,262,429 (July 1995 est.)" );; line 18784 (wfb::source-text age_structure burundi 0-14_years "48% (female 1,489,721; male 1,494,730)" );; line 18789 (wfb::source-text age_structure burundi 15-64_years "50% (female 1,606,307; male 1,498,021)" );; line 18791 (wfb::source-text age_structure burundi 65_years_and_over "2% (female 105,446; male 68,204) (July 1995 est.)" );; line 18793 (wfb::source-text population_growth_rate burundi "2.18% (1995 est.)" );; line 18797 (wfb::source-text birth_rate burundi "43.35 births/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 18801 (wfb::source-text death_rate burundi "21.51 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 18805 (wfb::source-text net_migration_rate burundi "NA migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 18809 (wfb::source-text infant_mortality_rate burundi "111.9 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.)" );; line 18818 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth burundi total_population "39.86 years" );; line 18823 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth burundi male "37.84 years" );; line 18825 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth burundi female "41.95 years (1995 est.)" );; line 18827 (wfb::source-text total_fertility_rate burundi "6.63 children born/woman (1995 est.)" );; line 18831 (wfb::source-text nationality burundi noun "Burundian(s)" );; line 18836 (wfb::source-text nationality burundi adjective "Burundi" );; line 18838 (wfb::source-text ethnic-entity burundi africans "Hutu (Bantu) 85%, Tutsi (Hamitic) 14%, Twa (Pygmy) 1%" );; line 18843 (wfb::source-text ethnic-entity burundi non-africans "Europeans 3,000, South Asians 2,000" );; line 18845 (wfb::source-text religion burundi "Christian 67% (Roman Catholic 62%, Protestant 5%), indigenous beliefs 32%, Muslim 1%" );; line 18849 (wfb::source-text language burundi "Kirundi (official), French (official), Swahili (along Lake Tanganyika and in the Bujumbura area)" );; line 18854 (wfb::source-text literacy burundi "age 15 and over can read and write (1990 est.)" );; line 18859 (wfb::source-text literacy burundi total_population "50%" );; line 18861 (wfb::source-text literacy burundi male "61%" );; line 18863 (wfb::source-text literacy burundi female "40%" );; line 18865 (wfb::source-text total_labor_force burundi "1.9 million (1983 est.)" );; line 18869 (wfb::source-text labor_force_by_occupation burundi by_occupation "agriculture 93.0%, government 4.0%, industry and commerce 1.5%, services 1.5%" );; line 18871 (wfb::source-text names burundi conventional_long_form "Republic of Burundi" );; line 18878 (wfb::source-text names burundi conventional_short_form "Burundi" );; line 18880 (wfb::source-text names burundi local_long_form "Republika y'u Burundi" );; line 18882 (wfb::source-text names burundi local_short_form "Burundi" );; line 18884 (wfb::source-text digraph burundi "BY" );; line 18888 (wfb::source-text type burundi "republic" );; line 18892 (wfb::source-text capital burundi "Bujumbura" );; line 18896 (wfb::source-text administrative_divisions burundi "15 provinces; Bubanza, Bujumbura, Bururi, Cankuzo, Cibitoke, Gitega, Karuzi, Kayanza, Kirundo, Makamba, Muramvya, Muyinga, Ngozi, Rutana, Ruyigi" );; line 18900 (wfb::source-text independence burundi "1 July 1962 (from UN trusteeship under Belgian administration)" );; line 18906 (wfb::source-text national_holiday burundi "Independence Day, 1 July (1962)" );; line 18910 (wfb::source-text constitution burundi "13 March 1992; provides for establishment of a plural political system" );; line 18914 (wfb::source-text legal_system burundi "based on German and Belgian civil codes and customary law; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction" );; line 18919 (wfb::source-text suffrage burundi "universal adult at age NA" );; line 18924 (wfb::source-text executive_branch burundi chief_of_state "President Sylvestre NTIBANTUNGANYA (since September 1994)" );; line 18929 (wfb::source-text executive_branch burundi head_of_government "Prime Minister Antoine NDUWAYO (since February 1995); selected by President NTIBANTUNGANYA following the resignation of Anatole KANYENKIKO on 15 February 1995" );; line 18936 (wfb::source-text executive_branch burundi cabinet "Council of Ministers; appointed by prime minister" );; line 18940 (wfb::source-text legislative_structure burundi "unicameral" );; line 18944 (wfb::source-text legislative_branch burundi |National Assembly (Assemblee Nationale)| "elections last held 29 June 1993 (next to be held NA); results - FRODEBU 71%, UPRONA 21.4%; seats - (81 total) FRODEBU 65, UPRONA 16; other parties won too small shares of the vote to win seats in the assembly" );; line 18946 (wfb::source-text judicial_branch burundi "Supreme Court (Cour Supreme)" );; line 18955 (wfb::source-text political_parties_and_leaders burundi "Unity for National Progress (UPRONA); Burundi Democratic Front (FRODEBU); Organization of the People of Burundi (RBP); Socialist Party of Burundi (PSB); People's Reconciliation Party (PRP); opposition parties, legalized in March 1992, include Burundi African Alliance for the Salvation (ABASA); Rally for Democracy and Economic and Social Development (RADDES); and Party for National Redress (PARENA)" );; line 18959 (wfb::source-text other_political_or_pressure_groups burundi "NA;" );; line 18968 (wfb::source-text member_of burundi "ACCT, ACP, AfDB, CCC, CEEAC, CEPGL, ECA, FAO, G-77, GATT, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, INTELSAT (nonsignatory user), INTERPOL, IOC, ISO (subscriber), ITU, NAM, OAU, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO" );; line 18972 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us burundi chief_of_mission "post vacant since recall of Ambassador Jacques BACAMURWANKO in November 1994" );; line 18980 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us burundi chancery "Suite 212, 2233 Wisconsin Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20007" );; line 18983 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us burundi telephone "[1] (202) 342-2574" );; line 18985 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation burundi chief_of_mission "Ambassador Robert C. KRUEGER" );; line 18990 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation burundi embassy "Avenue des Etats-Unis, Bujumbura" );; line 18992 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation burundi mailing_address "B. P. 1720, Bujumbura" );; line 18994 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation burundi telephone "[257] (2) 23454" );; line 18996 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation burundi fax "[257] (2) 22926" );; line 18998 (wfb::source-text flag burundi "divided by a white diagonal cross into red panels (top and bottom) and green panels (hoist side and outer side) with a white disk superimposed at the center bearing three red six-pointed stars outlined in green arranged in a triangular design (one star above, two stars below)" );; line 19002 (wfb::source-text overview burundi "A landlocked, resource-poor country in an early stage of economic development, Burundi since October 1993 has suffered from massive ethnic-based violence that has displaced an estimated million people, disrupted production, and set back needed reform programs. Burundi is predominately agricultural with roughly 90% of the population dependent on subsistence agriculture. Its economic health depends on the coffee crop, which accounts for 80% of foreign exchange earnings. The ability to pay for imports therefore continues to rest largely on the vagaries of the climate and the international coffee market. As part of its economic reform agenda, launched in February 1991 with IMF and World Bank support, Burundi is trying to diversify its agricultural exports, attract foreign investment in industry, and modernize government budgetary practices. Although the government remains committed to reforms, it fears new austerity measures would add to ethnic tensions." );; line 19010 (wfb::source-text national_product burundi "GDP - purchasing power parity - $3.7 billion (1994 est.)" );; line 19026 (wfb::source-text national_product_real_growth_rate burundi "-13.5% (1994 est.)" );; line 19030 (wfb::source-text national_product_per_capita burundi "$600 (1994 est.)" );; line 19034 (wfb::source-text |Inflation rate (consumer prices)| burundi "10% (1993 est.)" );; line 19038 (wfb::source-text unemployment_rate burundi "NA%" );; line 19042 (wfb::source-text budget burundi revenues "$318 million" );; line 19047 (wfb::source-text budget burundi expenditures "$326 million, including capital expenditures of $150 million (1991 est.)" );; line 19049 (wfb::source-text exports burundi "$68 million (f.o.b., 1993)" );; line 19054 (wfb::source-text exports burundi commodities "coffee 81%, tea, cotton, hides, and skins" );; line 19056 (wfb::source-text exports burundi partners "EC 57%, US 19%, Asia 1%" );; line 19058 (wfb::source-text imports burundi "$203 million (c.i.f., 1993)" );; line 19062 (wfb::source-text imports burundi commodities "capital goods 31%, petroleum products 15%, foodstuffs, consumer goods" );; line 19064 (wfb::source-text imports burundi partners "EC 45%, Asia 29%, US 2%" );; line 19067 (wfb::source-text external_debt burundi "$1.05 billion (1994 est.)" );; line 19071 (wfb::source-text industrial_production burundi "growth rate 11% (1991 est.); accounts for about 15% of GDP" );; line 19075 (wfb::source-text electricity burundi capacity "55,000 kW" );; line 19080 (wfb::source-text electricity burundi production "100 million kWh" );; line 19082 (wfb::source-text electricity burundi consumption_per_capita "20 kWh (1993)" );; line 19084 (wfb::source-text industry burundi "light consumer goods such as blankets, shoes, soap; assembly of imported components; public works construction; food processing" );; line 19088 (wfb::source-text agriculture burundi "accounts for 50% of GDP; cash crops - coffee, cotton, tea; food crops - corn, sorghum, sweet potatoes, bananas, manioc; livestock - meat, milk, hides and skins" );; line 19093 (wfb::source-text economic_aid burundi recipient "US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-89), $71 million; Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-89), $10.2 billion; OPEC bilateral aid (1979-89), $32 million; Communist countries (1970-89), $175 million" );; line 19100 (wfb::source-text currency burundi "1 Burundi franc (FBu) = 100 centimes" );; line 19107 (wfb::source-text exchange_rates burundi "Burundi francs (FBu) per US$1 - 248.51 (December 1994), 252.66 (1994), 242.78 (1993), 208.30 (1992), 181.51 (1991), 171.26 (1990), 158.67 (1989), 140.40 (1988)" );; line 19111 (wfb::source-text fiscal_year burundi "calendar year" );; line 19117 (wfb::source-text railroads burundi "0 km" );; line 19122 (wfb::source-text highways burundi total "5,900 km" );; line 19127 (wfb::source-text highways burundi paved "640 km" );; line 19129 (wfb::source-text highways burundi unpaved "gravel, crushed stone 2,260 km; improved, unimproved earth 3,000 km (1990)" );; line 19131 (wfb::source-text inland_waterways burundi "Lake Tanganyika" );; line 19136 (wfb::source-text port burundi "Bujumbura" );; line 19140 (wfb::source-text airports burundi total "4" );; line 19145 (wfb::source-text airports burundi |with paved runways over 3,047 m| "1" );; line 19147 (wfb::source-text airports burundi with_paved_runways_under_914_m "1" );; line 19149 (wfb::source-text airports burundi |with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m| "2" );; line 19151 (wfb::source-text telephone_system burundi "8,000 telephones; primative system; telephone density - 1.3 telephones/1,000 persons" );; line 19156 (wfb::source-text telephone_system burundi local "NA" );; line 19159 (wfb::source-text telephone_system burundi intercity "sparse system of wire, radiocommunications, and low-capacity microwave radio relay links" );; line 19161 (wfb::source-text telephone_system burundi international "1 INTELSAT (Indian Ocean) earth station" );; line 19164 (wfb::source-text radio burundi broadcast_stations "AM 2, FM 2, shortwave 0" );; line 19169 (wfb::source-text radio burundi radios "NA" );; line 19171 (wfb::source-text television burundi broadcast_stations "1" );; line 19176 (wfb::source-text television burundi televisions "NA" );; line 19178 (wfb::source-text defense_branch burundi "Army (includes naval and air units), paramilitary Gendarmerie" );; line 19184 (wfb::source-text manpower_availability burundi "males age 15-49 1,350,042; males fit for military service 705,864; males reach military age (16) annually 73,308 (1995 est.)" );; line 19188 (wfb::source-text defense_expenditures burundi "exchange rate conversion - $25 million, 2.6% of GDP (1993)" );; line 19193 (wfb::source-text location cambodia "Southeastern Asia, bordering the Gulf of Thailand, between Thailand and Vietnam" );; line 19204 (wfb::source-text map_references cambodia "Southeast Asia" );; line 19209 (wfb::source-text area cambodia total_area "181,040 sq km" );; line 19214 (wfb::source-text area cambodia land_area "176,520 sq km" );; line 19216 (wfb::source-text area cambodia comparative_area "slightly smaller than Oklahoma" );; line 19218 (wfb::source-text borders cambodia "total 2,572 km, Laos 541 km, Thailand 803 km, Vietnam 1,228 km" );; line 19222 (wfb::source-text coastline cambodia "443 km" );; line 19226 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims cambodia contiguous_zone "24 nm" );; line 19231 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims cambodia continental_shelf "200 nm" );; line 19233 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims cambodia exclusive_economic_zone "200 nm" );; line 19235 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims cambodia territorial_sea "12 nm" );; line 19237 (wfb::source-text international_disputes cambodia "offshore islands and sections of the boundary with Vietnam are in dispute; maritime boundary with Vietnam not defined; parts of border with Thailand in dispute; maritime boundary with Thailand not clearly defined" );; line 19241 (wfb::source-text climate cambodia "tropical; rainy, monsoon season (May to November); dry season (December to April); little seasonal temperature variation" );; line 19247 (wfb::source-text terrain cambodia "mostly low, flat plains; mountains in southwest and north" );; line 19252 (wfb::source-text natural-resource cambodia "timber, gemstones, some iron ore, manganese, phosphates, hydropower potential" );; line 19256 (wfb::source-text land_use cambodia arable_land "16%" );; line 19262 (wfb::source-text land_use cambodia permanent_crops "1%" );; line 19264 (wfb::source-text land_use cambodia meadows_and_pastures "3%" );; line 19266 (wfb::source-text land_use cambodia forest_and_woodland "76%" );; line 19268 (wfb::source-text land_use cambodia other "4%" );; line 19270 (wfb::source-text irrigated_land cambodia "920 sq km (1989 est.)" );; line 19274 (wfb::source-text environment cambodia current_issues "logging activities throughout the country and strip mining for gems in the western region along the border with Thailand are resulting in habitat loss and declining biodiversity (in particular, destruction of mangrove swamps threatens natural fisheries); deforestation; soil erosion; in rural areas, a majority of the population does not have access to potable water" );; line 19279 (wfb::source-text environment cambodia natural_hazards "monsoonal rains (June to November); flooding; occasional droughts" );; line 19285 (wfb::source-text environment cambodia international_agreements "party to - Marine Life Conservation, Ship Pollution; signed, but not ratified - Desertification, Endangered Species, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping" );; line 19287 (wfb::source-text note cambodia "a land of paddies and forests dominated by the Mekong River and Tonle Sap" );; line 19293 (wfb::source-text population cambodia "10,561,373 (July 1995 est.)" );; line 19300 (wfb::source-text age_structure cambodia 0-14_years "46% (female 2,367,414; male 2,438,104)" );; line 19305 (wfb::source-text age_structure cambodia 15-64_years "51% (female 2,932,788; male 2,494,203)" );; line 19307 (wfb::source-text age_structure cambodia 65_years_and_over "3% (female 185,337; male 143,527) (July 1995 est.)" );; line 19309 (wfb::source-text population_growth_rate cambodia "2.83% (1995 est.)" );; line 19313 (wfb::source-text birth_rate cambodia "44.42 births/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 19317 (wfb::source-text death_rate cambodia "16.16 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 19321 (wfb::source-text net_migration_rate cambodia "0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 19325 (wfb::source-text infant_mortality_rate cambodia "109.6 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.)" );; line 19329 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth cambodia total_population "49.46 years" );; line 19334 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth cambodia male "48 years" );; line 19336 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth cambodia female "51 years (1995 est.)" );; line 19338 (wfb::source-text total_fertility_rate cambodia "5.81 children born/woman (1995 est.)" );; line 19342 (wfb::source-text nationality cambodia noun "Cambodian(s)" );; line 19347 (wfb::source-text nationality cambodia adjective "Cambodian" );; line 19349 (wfb::source-text ethnic-entity cambodia "Khmer 90%, Vietnamese 5%, Chinese 1%, other 4%" );; line 19353 (wfb::source-text religion cambodia "Theravada Buddhism 95%, other 5%" );; line 19357 (wfb::source-text language cambodia "Khmer (official), French" );; line 19361 (wfb::source-text literacy cambodia "age 15 and over can read and write (1990 est.)" );; line 19365 (wfb::source-text literacy cambodia total_population "35%" );; line 19367 (wfb::source-text literacy cambodia male "48%" );; line 19369 (wfb::source-text literacy cambodia female "22%" );; line 19371 (wfb::source-text total_labor_force cambodia "2.5 million to 3 million" );; line 19375 (wfb::source-text labor_force_by_occupation cambodia by_occupation "agriculture 80% (1988 est.)" );; line 19377 (wfb::source-text names cambodia conventional_long_form "Kingdom of Cambodia" );; line 19383 (wfb::source-text names cambodia conventional_short_form "Cambodia" );; line 19385 (wfb::source-text names cambodia local_long_form "Reacheanachak Kampuchea" );; line 19387 (wfb::source-text names cambodia local_short_form "Kampuchea" );; line 19389 (wfb::source-text digraph cambodia "CB" );; line 19393 (wfb::source-text type cambodia "multiparty liberal democracy under a constitutional monarchy established in September 1993" );; line 19397 (wfb::source-text capital cambodia "Phnom Penh" );; line 19402 (wfb::source-text administrative_divisions cambodia "21 provinces (khet, singular and plural); Banteay Meanchey, Batdambang, Kampong Cham, Kampong Chhnang, Kampong Spoe, Kampong Thum, Kampot, Kandal, Kaoh Kong, Kracheh, Mondol Kiri, Phnum Penh, Pouthisat, Preah Vihear, Prey Veng, Rotanokiri, Siemreab-Otdar Meanchey, Sihanoukville, Stoeng Treng, Svay Rieng, Takev" );; line 19406 (wfb::source-text independence cambodia "9 November 1949 (from France)" );; line 19417 (wfb::source-text national_holiday cambodia "Independence Day, 9 November 1949" );; line 19421 (wfb::source-text constitution cambodia "promulgated September 1993" );; line 19425 (wfb::source-text legal_system cambodia "currently being defined" );; line 19429 (wfb::source-text suffrage cambodia "18 years of age; universal" );; line 19433 (wfb::source-text executive_branch cambodia chief_of_state "King Norodom SIHANOUK (reinstated 24 September 1993)" );; line 19438 (wfb::source-text executive_branch cambodia head_of_government "power shared between First Prime Minister Prince Norodom RANARIDDH and Second Prime Minister HUN SEN" );; line 19440 (wfb::source-text executive_branch cambodia cabinet "Council of Ministers; elected by the National Assembly" );; line 19443 (wfb::source-text legislative_structure cambodia "unicameral; a 120-member constituent assembly based on proportional representation within each province was established following the UN-supervised election in May 1993; the constituent assembly was transformed into a legislature in September 1993 after delegates promulgated the constitution" );; line 19447 (wfb::source-text judicial_branch cambodia "Supreme Court provided for by the constitution has not yet been established and the future judicial system is yet to be defined by law" );; line 19454 (wfb::source-text political_parties_and_leaders cambodia "National United Front for an Independent, Neutral, Peaceful, and Cooperative Cambodia (FUNCINPEC), Prince NORODOM RANARIDDH; Cambodian Pracheachon Party or Cambodian People's Party (CPP), CHEA SIM; Buddhist Liberal Democratic Party, SON SANN; Democratic Kampuchea (DK, also known as the Khmer Rouge), KHIEU SAMPHAN; Molinaka, PROM NEAKAREACH" );; line 19459 (wfb::source-text member_of cambodia "ACCT, AsDB, CP, ESCAP, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT (nonsignatory user), INTERPOL, ITU, NAM, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WMO, WTO" );; line 19467 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us cambodia "Ambassador SISOWATH SIRIRATH represents Cambodia at the United Nations" );; line 19473 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation cambodia chief_of_mission "Ambassador Charles H. TWINING" );; line 19479 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation cambodia embassy "27 EO Street 240, Phnom Penh" );; line 19481 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation cambodia mailing_address "Box P, APO AP 96546" );; line 19483 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation cambodia telephone "[855] (23) 26436, 26438" );; line 19485 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation cambodia fax "[855] (23) 26437" );; line 19487 (wfb::source-text flag cambodia "horizontal band of red separates two equal horizontal bands of blue with a white three-towered temple representing Angkor Wat in the center" );; line 19491 (wfb::source-text overview cambodia "The Cambodian economy - virtually destroyed by decades of war - is slowly recovering. Government leaders are moving toward restoring fiscal and monetary discipline and have established good working relations with international financial institutions. Growth, starting from a low base, has been strong in 1991-94. Despite such positive developments, the reconstruction effort faces many tough challenges because of the persistence of internal political divisions and the related lack of confidence of foreign investors. Rural Cambodia, where 90% of about 9.5 million Khmer live, remains mired in poverty. The almost total lack of basic infrastructure in the countryside will hinder development and will contribute to a growing imbalance in growth between urban and rural areas over the near term. Moreover, the government's lack of experience in administering economic and technical assistance programs and rampant corruption among officials will slow the growth of critical public sector investment. Inflation for 1994 as a whole was less than a quarter of the 1992 rate and was declining during the year." );; line 19498 (wfb::source-text national_product cambodia "GDP - purchasing power parity - $6.4 billion (1994 est.)" );; line 19516 (wfb::source-text national_product_real_growth_rate cambodia "5% (1994 est.)" );; line 19520 (wfb::source-text national_product_per_capita cambodia "$630 (1994 est.)" );; line 19524 (wfb::source-text |Inflation rate (consumer prices)| cambodia "26%-30% (1994 est.)" );; line 19528 (wfb::source-text unemployment_rate cambodia "NA%" );; line 19532 (wfb::source-text budget cambodia revenues "$190 million" );; line 19537 (wfb::source-text budget cambodia expenditures "$365 million, including capital expenditures of $120 million (1994 est.)" );; line 19539 (wfb::source-text exports cambodia "$283.6 million (f.o.b., 1993)" );; line 19544 (wfb::source-text exports cambodia commodities "timber, rubber, soybeans, sesame" );; line 19546 (wfb::source-text exports cambodia partners "Singapore, Japan, Thailand, Hong Kong, Indonesia, Malaysia" );; line 19548 (wfb::source-text imports cambodia "$479.3 million (c.i.f., 1993)" );; line 19552 (wfb::source-text imports cambodia commodities "cigarettes, construction materials, petroleum products, machinery" );; line 19554 (wfb::source-text imports cambodia partners "Singapore, Vietnam, Japan, Australia, Hong Kong, Indonesia" );; line 19556 (wfb::source-text external_debt cambodia "$383 million to OECD members (1993)" );; line 19560 (wfb::source-text industrial_production cambodia "growth rate 7.9% (1993 est.); accounts for 8% of GDP" );; line 19564 (wfb::source-text electricity cambodia capacity "40,000 kW" );; line 19569 (wfb::source-text electricity cambodia production "160 million kWh" );; line 19571 (wfb::source-text electricity cambodia consumption_per_capita "14 kWh (1993)" );; line 19573 (wfb::source-text industry cambodia "rice milling, fishing, wood and wood products, rubber, cement, gem mining" );; line 19577 (wfb::source-text agriculture cambodia "mainly subsistence farming except for rubber plantations; main crops - rice, rubber, corn; food shortages - rice, meat, vegetables, dairy products, sugar, flour" );; line 19582 (wfb::source-text illicit_drugs cambodia "increasingly used as a transshipment country for heroin produced in the Golden Triangle; growing money-laundering center; high-level narcotics-related corruption in government; possible small-scale heroin production; large producer of cannibis" );; line 19588 (wfb::source-text economic_aid cambodia recipient "US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-89), $725 million; Western (non-US countries) (1970-89), $300 million; Communist countries (1970-89), $1.8 billion; donor countries and multilateral institutions pledged $880 million in assistance in 1992; IMF pledged $120 million in aid for 1995-98" );; line 19596 (wfb::source-text currency cambodia "1 new riel (CR) = 100 sen" );; line 19603 (wfb::source-text exchange_rates cambodia "riels (CR) per US$1 - 2,470 (December 1993), 2,800 (September 1992), 500 (December 1991), 560 (1990), 159.00 (1988), 100.00 (1987)" );; line 19607 (wfb::source-text fiscal_year cambodia "calendar year" );; line 19612 (wfb::source-text railroads cambodia total "655 km" );; line 19618 (wfb::source-text railroads cambodia narrow_gauge "655 km 1.000-m gauge" );; line 19620 (wfb::source-text highways cambodia total "34,100 km (some roads in serious disrepair)" );; line 19625 (wfb::source-text highways cambodia paved "bituminous 3,000 km" );; line 19627 (wfb::source-text highways cambodia unpaved "crushed stone, gravel, or improved earth 3,100 km; unimproved earth 28,000 km" );; line 19629 (wfb::source-text inland_waterways cambodia "3,700 km navigable all year to craft drawing 0.6 meters; 282 km navigable to craft drawing 1.8 meters" );; line 19634 (wfb::source-text port cambodia "Kampong Saom (Sihanoukville), Kampot, Krong Kaoh Kong, Phnom Penh" );; line 19639 (wfb::source-text merchant_marine cambodia "none" );; line 19643 (wfb::source-text airports cambodia total "22" );; line 19648 (wfb::source-text airports cambodia |with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m| "2" );; line 19650 (wfb::source-text airports cambodia |with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m| "2" );; line 19652 (wfb::source-text airports cambodia |with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m| "3" );; line 19654 (wfb::source-text airports cambodia with_paved_runways_under_914_m "2" );; line 19656 (wfb::source-text airports cambodia |with unpaved runways 1,524 to 2,438 m| "3" );; line 19658 (wfb::source-text airports cambodia |with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m| "10" );; line 19660 (wfb::source-text telephone_system cambodia "NA telephones; service barely adequate for government requirements and virtually nonexistent for general public" );; line 19665 (wfb::source-text telephone_system cambodia local "NA" );; line 19668 (wfb::source-text telephone_system cambodia intercity "NA" );; line 19670 (wfb::source-text telephone_system cambodia international "international service limited to Vietnam and other adjacent countries" );; line 19672 (wfb::source-text radio cambodia broadcast_stations "AM 1, FM 0, shortwave 0" );; line 19678 (wfb::source-text radio cambodia radios "NA" );; line 19680 (wfb::source-text television cambodia broadcast_stations "1" );; line 19685 (wfb::source-text television cambodia televisions "NA" );; line 19687 (wfb::source-text defense_branch cambodia |Khmer Royal Armed Forces (KRAF)| "created in 1993 by the merger of the Cambodian People's Armed Forces and the two non-Communist resistance armies; note - the KRAF is also known as the Royal Cambodian Armed Forces (RCAF)" );; line 19694 (wfb::source-text defense_branch cambodia resistance_forces "National Army of Democratic Kampuchea (Khmer Rouge)" );; line 19698 (wfb::source-text manpower_availability cambodia "males age 15-49 2,255,050; males fit for military service 1,256,632; males reach military age (18) annually 70,707 (1995 est.)" );; line 19702 (wfb::source-text defense_expenditures cambodia "exchange rate conversion - $85 million, 1.4% of GDP (1995 est.)" );; line 19707 (wfb::source-text location cameroon "Western Africa, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean, between Equatorial Guinea and Nigeria" );; line 19717 (wfb::source-text map_references cameroon "Africa" );; line 19722 (wfb::source-text area cameroon total_area "475,440 sq km" );; line 19727 (wfb::source-text area cameroon land_area "469,440 sq km" );; line 19729 (wfb::source-text area cameroon comparative_area "slightly larger than California" );; line 19731 (wfb::source-text borders cameroon "total 4,591 km, Central African Republic 797 km, Chad 1,094 km, Congo 523 km, Equatorial Guinea 189 km, Gabon 298 km, Nigeria 1,690 km" );; line 19735 (wfb::source-text coastline cameroon "402 km" );; line 19740 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims cameroon territorial_sea "50 nm" );; line 19745 (wfb::source-text international_disputes cameroon "demarcation of international boundaries in Lake Chad, the lack of which led to border incidents in the past, is completed and awaits ratification by Cameroon, Chad, Niger, and Nigeria; dispute with Nigeria over land and maritime boundaries in the vicinity of the Bakasi Peninsula has been referred to the International Court of Justice" );; line 19749 (wfb::source-text climate cameroon "varies with terrain, from tropical along coast to semiarid and hot in north" );; line 19757 (wfb::source-text terrain cameroon "diverse, with coastal plain in southwest, dissected plateau in center, mountains in west, plains in north" );; line 19762 (wfb::source-text natural-resource cameroon "petroleum, bauxite, iron ore, timber, hydropower potential" );; line 19767 (wfb::source-text land_use cameroon arable_land "13%" );; line 19772 (wfb::source-text land_use cameroon permanent_crops "2%" );; line 19774 (wfb::source-text land_use cameroon meadows_and_pastures "18%" );; line 19776 (wfb::source-text land_use cameroon forest_and_woodland "54%" );; line 19778 (wfb::source-text land_use cameroon other "13%" );; line 19780 (wfb::source-text irrigated_land cameroon "280 sq km (1989 est.)" );; line 19784 (wfb::source-text environment cameroon current_issues "water-borne diseases are prevalent; deforestation; overgrazing; desertification; poaching; overfishing" );; line 19789 (wfb::source-text environment cameroon natural_hazards "recent volcanic activity with release of poisonous gases" );; line 19792 (wfb::source-text environment cameroon international_agreements "party to - Biodiversity, Climate Change, Endangered Species, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Tropical Timber 83; signed, but not ratified - Desertification, Nuclear Test Ban, Tropical Timber 94" );; line 19794 (wfb::source-text note cameroon "sometimes referred to as the hinge of Africa" );; line 19800 (wfb::source-text population cameroon "13.521 million (July 1995 est.)" );; line 19806 (wfb::source-text age_structure cameroon 0-14_years "44% (female 2,978,216; male 3,001,487)" );; line 19811 (wfb::source-text age_structure cameroon 15-64_years "52% (female 3,562,247; male 3,523,100)" );; line 19813 (wfb::source-text age_structure cameroon 65_years_and_over "4% (female 248,314; male 207,636) (July 1995 est.)" );; line 19815 (wfb::source-text population_growth_rate cameroon "2.92% (1995 est.)" );; line 19819 (wfb::source-text birth_rate cameroon "40.42 births/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 19823 (wfb::source-text death_rate cameroon "11.19 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 19827 (wfb::source-text net_migration_rate cameroon "0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 19831 (wfb::source-text infant_mortality_rate cameroon "75.4 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.)" );; line 19835 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth cameroon total_population "57.48 years" );; line 19840 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth cameroon male "55.41 years" );; line 19842 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth cameroon female "59.6 years (1995 est.)" );; line 19844 (wfb::source-text total_fertility_rate cameroon "5.8 children born/woman (1995 est.)" );; line 19848 (wfb::source-text nationality cameroon noun "Cameroonian(s)" );; line 19853 (wfb::source-text nationality cameroon adjective "Cameroonian" );; line 19855 (wfb::source-text ethnic-entity cameroon "Cameroon Highlanders 31%, Equatorial Bantu 19%, Kirdi 11%, Fulani 10%, Northwestern Bantu 8%, Eastern Nigritic 7%, other African 13%, non-African less than 1%" );; line 19859 (wfb::source-text religion cameroon "indigenous beliefs 51%, Christian 33%, Muslim 16%" );; line 19865 (wfb::source-text language cameroon "24 major African language groups, English (official), French (official)" );; line 19869 (wfb::source-text literacy cameroon "age 15 and over can read and write (1987)" );; line 19874 (wfb::source-text literacy cameroon total_population "55%" );; line 19876 (wfb::source-text literacy cameroon male "66%" );; line 19878 (wfb::source-text literacy cameroon female "45%" );; line 19880 (wfb::source-text total_labor_force cameroon "NA" );; line 19884 (wfb::source-text labor_force_by_occupation cameroon by_occupation "agriculture 74.4%, industry and transport 11.4%, other services 14.2% (1983)" );; line 19886 (wfb::source-text names cameroon conventional_long_form "Republic of Cameroon" );; line 19893 (wfb::source-text names cameroon conventional_short_form "Cameroon" );; line 19895 (wfb::source-text names cameroon former "French Cameroon" );; line 19897 (wfb::source-text digraph cameroon "CM" );; line 19901 (wfb::source-text type cameroon "unitary republic; multiparty presidential regime (opposition parties legalized 1990)" );; line 19905 (wfb::source-text capital cameroon "Yaounde" );; line 19910 (wfb::source-text administrative_divisions cameroon "10 provinces; Adamaoua, Centre, Est, Extreme-Nord, Littoral, Nord, Nord-Ouest, Ouest, Sud, Sud-Ouest" );; line 19914 (wfb::source-text independence cameroon "1 January 1960 (from UN trusteeship under French administration)" );; line 19919 (wfb::source-text national_holiday cameroon "National Day, 20 May (1972)" );; line 19923 (wfb::source-text constitution cameroon "20 May 1972" );; line 19927 (wfb::source-text legal_system cameroon "based on French civil law system, with common law influence; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction" );; line 19931 (wfb::source-text suffrage cameroon "20 years of age; universal" );; line 19936 (wfb::source-text executive_branch cameroon chief_of_state "President Paul BIYA (since 6 November 1982); election last held 11 October 1992; results - President Paul BIYA reelected with about 40% of the vote amid widespread allegations of fraud; SDF candidate John FRU NDI got 36% of the vote; UNDP candidate Bello Bouba MAIGARI got 19% of the vote" );; line 19941 (wfb::source-text executive_branch cameroon head_of_government "Prime Minister Simon ACHIDI ACHU (since 9 April 1992)" );; line 19946 (wfb::source-text executive_branch cameroon cabinet "Cabinet; appointed by the president" );; line 19948 (wfb::source-text legislative_structure cameroon "unicameral" );; line 19952 (wfb::source-text legislative_branch cameroon |National Assembly (Assemblee Nationale)| "elections last held 1 March 1992 (next scheduled for March 1997); results - (180 seats) CPDM 88, UNDP 68, UPC 18, MDR 6" );; line 19954 (wfb::source-text judicial_branch cameroon "Supreme Court" );; line 19959 (wfb::source-text political_parties_and_leaders cameroon "Cameroon People's Democratic Movement (CPDM), Paul BIYA, president, is government-controlled and was formerly the only party, but opposition parties were legalized in 1990" );; line 19963 (wfb::source-text political_parties_and_leaders cameroon major_opposition_parties "National Union for Democracy and Progress (UNDP); Social Democratic Front (SDF); Cameroonian Democratic Union (UDC); Union of Cameroonian Populations (UPC); Movement for the Defense of the Republic (MDR)" );; line 19967 (wfb::source-text other_political_or_pressure_groups cameroon "Alliance for Change (FAC), Cameroon Anglophone Movement (CAM)" );; line 19973 (wfb::source-text member_of cameroon "ACCT, ACP, AfDB, BDEAC, CCC, CEEAC, ECA, FAO, FZ, G-19, G-77, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, INMARSAT, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, ITU, NAM, OAU, OIC, PCA, UDEAC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO" );; line 19977 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us cameroon chief_of_mission "Ambassador Jerome MENDOUGA" );; line 19985 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us cameroon chancery "2349 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008" );; line 19987 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us cameroon telephone "[1] (202) 265-8790 through 8794" );; line 19989 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation cameroon chief_of_mission "Ambassador Harriet W. ISOM" );; line 19994 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation cameroon embassy "Rue Nachtigal, Yaounde" );; line 19996 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation cameroon mailing_address "B. P. 817, Yaounde" );; line 19998 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation cameroon telephone "[237] 23-40-14" );; line 20000 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation cameroon fax "[237] 23-07-53" );; line 20002 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation cameroon |consulate(s)| "none (Douala closed September 1993)" );; line 20004 (wfb::source-text flag cameroon "three equal vertical bands of green (hoist side), red, and yellow with a yellow five-pointed star centered in the red band; uses the popular pan-African colors of Ethiopia" );; line 20008 (wfb::source-text overview cameroon "Because of its offshore oil resources and favorable agricultural conditions, Cameroon has one of the best-endowed, most diversified primary commodity economies in sub-Saharan Africa. Still, it faces many of the serious problems facing other underdeveloped countries, such as political instability, a top-heavy civil service, and a generally unfavorable climate for business enterprise. The development of the oil sector led rapid economic growth between 1970 and 1985. Growth came to an abrupt halt in 1986, precipitated by steep declines in the prices of major exports: coffee, cocoa, and petroleum. Export earnings were cut by almost one-third, and inefficiencies in fiscal management were exposed. In 1990-93, with support from the IMF and World Bank, the government began to introduce reforms designed to spur business investment, increase efficiency in agriculture, and recapitalize the nation's banks. Political instability, following suspect elections in 1992, brought IMF/WB structural adjustment to a halt. Although the 50% devaluation of the currency in January 1994 improved the potential for export growth, mismanagement remains and is the main barrier to economic improvement." );; line 20015 (wfb::source-text national_product cameroon "GDP - purchasing power parity - $15.7 billion (1994 est.)" );; line 20034 (wfb::source-text national_product_real_growth_rate cameroon "-2.9% (1994 est.)" );; line 20038 (wfb::source-text national_product_per_capita cameroon "$1,200 (1994 est.)" );; line 20042 (wfb::source-text |Inflation rate (consumer prices)| cameroon "-0.8% (FY91/92)" );; line 20046 (wfb::source-text unemployment_rate cameroon "25% (1990 est.)" );; line 20050 (wfb::source-text budget cameroon revenues "$1.6 billion" );; line 20055 (wfb::source-text budget cameroon expenditures "$2.3 billion, including capital expenditures of $226 million (FY92/93 est.)" );; line 20057 (wfb::source-text exports cameroon "$1.6 billion (f.o.b., 1993)" );; line 20062 (wfb::source-text exports cameroon commodities "petroleum products, lumber, cocoa beans, aluminum, coffee, cotton" );; line 20064 (wfb::source-text exports cameroon partners "EC (particularly France) about 40%, African countries, US" );; line 20066 (wfb::source-text imports cameroon "$1.96 billion (c.i.f., 1993)" );; line 20070 (wfb::source-text imports cameroon commodities "machines and electrical equipment, food, consumer goods, transport equipment" );; line 20072 (wfb::source-text imports cameroon partners "EC about 60% (France 38%, Germany 9%), African countries, Japan, US 5%" );; line 20075 (wfb::source-text external_debt cameroon "$6 billion (1991)" );; line 20080 (wfb::source-text industrial_production cameroon "growth rate -2.1% (FY90/91); accounts for about 20% of GDP" );; line 20084 (wfb::source-text electricity cameroon capacity "630,000 kW" );; line 20089 (wfb::source-text electricity cameroon production "2.7 billion kWh" );; line 20091 (wfb::source-text electricity cameroon consumption_per_capita "196 kWh (1993)" );; line 20093 (wfb::source-text industry cameroon "petroleum production and refining, food processing, light consumer goods, textiles, lumber" );; line 20097 (wfb::source-text agriculture cameroon "the agriculture and forestry sectors provide employment for the majority of the population, contributing about 25% to GDP and providing a high degree of self-sufficiency in staple foods; commercial and food crops include coffee, cocoa, timber, cotton, rubber, bananas, oilseed, grains, livestock, root starches" );; line 20102 (wfb::source-text economic_aid cameroon recipient "US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-90), $479 million; Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-90), $4.75 billion; OPEC bilateral aid (1979-89), $29 million; Communist countries (1970-89), $125 million" );; line 20111 (wfb::source-text currency cameroon "1 CFA franc (CFAF) = 100 centimes" );; line 20118 (wfb::source-text exchange_rates cameroon "Communaute Financiere Africaine francs (CFAF) per US$1 - 529.43 (January 1995), 555.20 (1994), 283.16 (1993), 264.69 (1992), 282.11 (1991), 272.26 (1990)" );; line 20122 (wfb::source-text fiscal_year cameroon "1 July - 30 June" );; line 20131 (wfb::source-text railroads cameroon total "1,111 km" );; line 20137 (wfb::source-text railroads cameroon narrow_gauge "1,111 km 1.000-m gauge" );; line 20139 (wfb::source-text highways cameroon total "65,000 km" );; line 20144 (wfb::source-text highways cameroon paved "2,682 km" );; line 20146 (wfb::source-text highways cameroon unpaved "gravel, improved earth 32,318 km; unimproved earth 30,000 km" );; line 20148 (wfb::source-text inland_waterways cameroon "2,090 km; of decreasing importance" );; line 20152 (wfb::source-text port cameroon "Bonaberi, Douala, Garoua, Kribi, Tiko" );; line 20156 (wfb::source-text merchant_marine cameroon total "2 cargo ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 24,122 GRT/33,509 DWT" );; line 20161 (wfb::source-text airports cameroon total "60" );; line 20166 (wfb::source-text airports cameroon |with paved runways over 3,047 m| "2" );; line 20168 (wfb::source-text airports cameroon |with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m| "4" );; line 20170 (wfb::source-text airports cameroon |with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m| "3" );; line 20172 (wfb::source-text airports cameroon |with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m| "1" );; line 20174 (wfb::source-text airports cameroon with_paved_runways_under_914_m "20" );; line 20176 (wfb::source-text airports cameroon |with unpaved runways 1,524 to 2,438 m| "9" );; line 20178 (wfb::source-text airports cameroon |with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m| "21" );; line 20180 (wfb::source-text telephone_system cameroon "26,000 telephones; telephone density - 2 telephones/1,000 persons; available only to business and government" );; line 20185 (wfb::source-text telephone_system cameroon local "NA" );; line 20188 (wfb::source-text telephone_system cameroon intercity "cable, microwave radio relay, and troposcatter" );; line 20190 (wfb::source-text telephone_system cameroon international "2 Atlantic Ocean INTELSAT earth stations" );; line 20192 (wfb::source-text radio cameroon broadcast_stations "AM 11, FM 11, shortwave 0" );; line 20197 (wfb::source-text radio cameroon radios "NA" );; line 20199 (wfb::source-text television cameroon broadcast_stations "1" );; line 20204 (wfb::source-text television cameroon televisions "NA" );; line 20206 (wfb::source-text defense_branch cameroon "Army, Navy (includes Naval Infantry), Air Force, National Gendarmerie, Presidential Guard" );; line 20212 (wfb::source-text manpower_availability cameroon "males age 15-49 3,038,007; males fit for military service 1,532,303; males reach military age (18) annually 147,293 (1995 est.)" );; line 20217 (wfb::source-text defense_expenditures cameroon "exchange rate conversion - $102 million, NA% of GDP (1994)" );; line 20222 (wfb::source-text location canada "Northern North America, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean and North Pacific Ocean, north of the conterminous US" );; line 20232 (wfb::source-text map_references canada "North America" );; line 20237 (wfb::source-text area canada total_area "9,976,140 sq km" );; line 20242 (wfb::source-text area canada land_area "9,220,970 sq km" );; line 20244 (wfb::source-text area canada comparative_area "slightly larger than US" );; line 20246 (wfb::source-text borders canada "total 8,893 km, US 8,893 km (includes 2,477 km with Alaska)" );; line 20250 (wfb::source-text coastline canada "243,791 km" );; line 20254 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims canada continental_shelf "200 nm or to the edge of the continental margin" );; line 20259 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims canada exclusive_fishing_zone "200 nm" );; line 20261 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims canada territorial_sea "12 nm" );; line 20263 (wfb::source-text international_disputes canada "maritime boundary disputes with the US; Saint Pierre and Miquelon is focus of maritime boundary dispute between Canada and France" );; line 20267 (wfb::source-text climate canada "varies from temperate in south to subarctic and arctic in north" );; line 20272 (wfb::source-text terrain canada "mostly plains with mountains in west and lowlands in southeast" );; line 20276 (wfb::source-text natural-resource canada "nickel, zinc, copper, gold, lead, molybdenum, potash, silver, fish, timber, wildlife, coal, petroleum, natural gas" );; line 20280 (wfb::source-text land_use canada arable_land "5%" );; line 20286 (wfb::source-text land_use canada permanent_crops "0%" );; line 20288 (wfb::source-text land_use canada meadows_and_pastures "3%" );; line 20290 (wfb::source-text land_use canada forest_and_woodland "35%" );; line 20292 (wfb::source-text land_use canada other "57%" );; line 20294 (wfb::source-text irrigated_land canada "8,400 sq km (1989 est.)" );; line 20298 (wfb::source-text environment canada current_issues "air pollution and resulting acid rain severely affecting lakes and damaging forests; metal smelting, coal-burning utilities, and vehicle emissions impacting on agricultural and forest productivity; ocean waters becoming contaminated due to agricultural, industrial, mining, and forestry activities" );; line 20303 (wfb::source-text environment canada natural_hazards "continuous permafrost in north is a serious obstacle to development; cyclonic storms form east of the Rocky Mountains, a result of the mixing of air masses from the Arctic, Pacific, and American interior, and produce most of the country's rain and snow" );; line 20308 (wfb::source-text environment canada international_agreements "party to - Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Sulphur 85, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Marine Dumping, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Wetlands; signed, but not ratified - Air Pollution-Sulphur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Desertification, Law of the Sea" );; line 20313 (wfb::source-text note canada "second-largest country in world (after Russia); strategic location between Russia and US via north polar route; nearly 90% of the population is concentrated in the region near the US/Canada border" );; line 20322 (wfb::source-text population canada "28,434,545 (July 1995 est.)" );; line 20330 (wfb::source-text age_structure canada 0-14_years "21% (female 2,874,705; male 3,016,050)" );; line 20335 (wfb::source-text age_structure canada 15-64_years "67% (female 9,529,272; male 9,531,107)" );; line 20337 (wfb::source-text age_structure canada 65_years_and_over "12% (female 2,022,324; male 1,461,087) (July 1995 est.)" );; line 20339 (wfb::source-text population_growth_rate canada "1.09% (1995 est.)" );; line 20343 (wfb::source-text birth_rate canada "13.74 births/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 20347 (wfb::source-text death_rate canada "7.43 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 20351 (wfb::source-text net_migration_rate canada "4.55 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 20355 (wfb::source-text infant_mortality_rate canada "6.8 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.)" );; line 20359 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth canada total_population "78.29 years" );; line 20364 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth canada male "74.93 years" );; line 20366 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth canada female "81.81 years (1995 est.)" );; line 20368 (wfb::source-text total_fertility_rate canada "1.83 children born/woman (1995 est.)" );; line 20372 (wfb::source-text nationality canada noun "Canadian(s)" );; line 20377 (wfb::source-text nationality canada adjective "Canadian" );; line 20379 (wfb::source-text ethnic-entity canada "British Isles origin 40%, French origin 27%, other European 20%, indigenous Indian and Eskimo 1.5%" );; line 20383 (wfb::source-text religion canada "Roman Catholic 46%, United Church 16%, Anglican 10%, other 28%" );; line 20388 (wfb::source-text language canada "English (official), French (official)" );; line 20392 (wfb::source-text literacy canada "age 15 and over can read and write (1986)" );; line 20396 (wfb::source-text literacy canada total_population "97%" );; line 20398 (wfb::source-text total_labor_force canada "13.38 million" );; line 20402 (wfb::source-text labor_force_by_occupation canada by_occupation "services 75%, manufacturing 14%, agriculture 4%, construction 3%, other 4% (1988)" );; line 20404 (wfb::source-text names canada conventional_long_form "none" );; line 20411 (wfb::source-text names canada conventional_short_form "Canada" );; line 20413 (wfb::source-text digraph canada "CA" );; line 20417 (wfb::source-text type canada "confederation with parliamentary democracy" );; line 20421 (wfb::source-text capital canada "Ottawa" );; line 20425 (wfb::source-text administrative_divisions canada "10 provinces and 2 territories*; Alberta, British Columbia, Manitoba, New Brunswick, Newfoundland, Northwest Territories*, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Prince Edward Island, Quebec, Saskatchewan, Yukon Territory*" );; line 20429 (wfb::source-text independence canada "1 July 1867 (from UK)" );; line 20435 (wfb::source-text national_holiday canada "Canada Day, 1 July (1867)" );; line 20439 (wfb::source-text constitution canada "amended British North America Act 1867 patriated to Canada 17 April 1982; charter of rights and unwritten customs" );; line 20443 (wfb::source-text legal_system canada "based on English common law, except in Quebec, where civil law system based on French law prevails; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations" );; line 20448 (wfb::source-text suffrage canada "18 years of age; universal" );; line 20454 (wfb::source-text executive_branch canada chief_of_state "Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952), represented by Governor General Romeo LeBLANC (since 8 February 1995)" );; line 20459 (wfb::source-text executive_branch canada head_of_government "Prime Minister Jean CHRETIEN (since 4 November 1993) was elected on 25 October 1993, replacing Kim CAMBELL; Deputy Prime Minister Sheila COPPS" );; line 20462 (wfb::source-text executive_branch canada cabinet "Federal Ministry; chosen by the prime minister from members of his own party sitting in Parliament" );; line 20466 (wfb::source-text legislative_structure canada "bicameral Parliament (Parlement)" );; line 20471 (wfb::source-text legislative_branch canada |Senate (Senat)| "consisting of a body whose members are appointed to serve until 75 years of age by the governor general and selected on the advice of the prime minister; its normal limit 104 senators" );; line 20473 (wfb::source-text legislative_branch canada |House of Commons (Chambre des Communes)| "elections last held 25 October 1993 (next to be held by NA October 1998); results - percent of votes by party NA; seats - (295 total) Liberal Party 178, Bloc Quebecois 54, Reform Party 52, New Democratic Party 8, Progressive Conservative Party 2, independents 1" );; line 20477 (wfb::source-text judicial_branch canada "Supreme Court" );; line 20484 (wfb::source-text political_parties_and_leaders canada "Liberal Party, Jean CHRETIEN; Bloc Quebecois, Lucien BOUCHARD; Reform Party, Preston MANNING; New Democratic Party, Audrey McLAUGHLIN; Progressive Conservative Party, Jean CHAREST" );; line 20488 (wfb::source-text member_of canada "ACCT, AfDB, AG (observer), APEC, AsDB, Australia Group, BIS, C, CCC, CDB (non-regional), EBRD, ECE, ECLAC, ESA (cooperating state), FAO, G- 7, G- 8, G-10, GATT, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, INMARSAT, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, MINURSO, MTCR, NACC, NAM (guest), NATO, NEA, NSG, OAS, OECD, ONUSAL, OSCE, PCA, UN, UNAMIR, UNCTAD, UNDOF, UNESCO, UNFICYP, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIKOM, UNITAR, UNOMOZ, UNOSOM, UNPROFOR, UNTSO, UNU, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC" );; line 20494 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us canada chief_of_mission "Ambassador Raymond A.J. CHRETIEN" );; line 20506 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us canada chancery "501 Pennsylvania Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20001" );; line 20508 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us canada telephone "[1] (202) 682-1740" );; line 20510 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us canada fax "[1] (202) 682-7726" );; line 20512 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us canada |consulate(s) general| "Atlanta, Boston, Buffalo, Chicago, Dallas, Detroit, Los Angeles, Minneapolis, New York, and Seattle" );; line 20514 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us canada |consulate(s)| "Cincinnati, Cleveland, Miami, Philadelphia, Pittsburgh, Princeton, San Diego, San Francisco, San Jose, and San Juan (Puerto Rico)" );; line 20517 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation canada chief_of_mission "Ambassador James Johnston BLANCHARD" );; line 20523 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation canada embassy "100 Wellington Street, K1P 5T1, Ottawa" );; line 20525 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation canada mailing_address "P. O. Box 5000, Ogdensburg, NY 13669-0430" );; line 20527 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation canada telephone "[1] (613) 238-5335, 4470" );; line 20529 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation canada fax "[1] (613) 238-5720" );; line 20531 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation canada |consulate(s) general| "Calgary, Halifax, Montreal, Quebec, Toronto, and Vancouver" );; line 20533 (wfb::source-text flag canada "three vertical bands of red (hoist side), white (double width, square), and red with a red maple leaf centered in the white band" );; line 20537 (wfb::source-text overview canada "As an affluent, high-tech industrial society, Canada today closely resembles the US in per capita output, market-oriented economic system, and pattern of production. Since World War II the impressive growth of the manufacturing, mining, and service sectors has transformed the nation from a largely rural economy into one primarily industrial and urban. In the 1980s, Canada registered one of the highest rates of real growth among the OECD nations, averaging about 3.2%. With its great natural resources, skilled labor force, and modern capital plant, Canada has excellent economic prospects, although the country still faces high unemployment and a growing debt. Moreover, the continuing constitutional impasse between English- and French-speaking areas has observers discussing a possible split in the confederation; foreign investors have become edgy." );; line 20543 (wfb::source-text national_product canada "GDP - purchasing power parity - $639.8 billion (1994 est.)" );; line 20558 (wfb::source-text national_product_real_growth_rate canada "4.5% (1994)" );; line 20562 (wfb::source-text national_product_per_capita canada "$22,760 (1994)" );; line 20566 (wfb::source-text |Inflation rate (consumer prices)| canada "0.2% (1994)" );; line 20570 (wfb::source-text unemployment_rate canada "9.6% (December 1994)" );; line 20574 (wfb::source-text budget canada revenues "$85 billion (Federal)" );; line 20579 (wfb::source-text budget canada expenditures "$115.3 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA (FY93/94 est.)" );; line 20581 (wfb::source-text exports canada "$164.3 billion (f.o.b., 1994 est.)" );; line 20586 (wfb::source-text exports canada commodities "newsprint, wood pulp, timber, crude petroleum, machinery, natural gas, aluminum, motor vehicles and parts; telecommunications equipment" );; line 20588 (wfb::source-text exports canada partners "US, Japan, UK, Germany, South Korea, Netherlands, China" );; line 20591 (wfb::source-text imports canada "$151.5 billion (c.i.f., 1994 est.)" );; line 20595 (wfb::source-text imports canada commodities "crude oil, chemicals, motor vehicles and parts, durable consumer goods, electronic computers; telecommunications equipment and parts" );; line 20597 (wfb::source-text imports canada partners "US, Japan, UK, Germany, France, Mexico, Taiwan, South Korea" );; line 20600 (wfb::source-text external_debt canada "$243 billion (1993)" );; line 20604 (wfb::source-text industrial_production canada "growth rate 4.8% (1993)" );; line 20608 (wfb::source-text electricity canada capacity "108,090,000 kW" );; line 20613 (wfb::source-text electricity canada production "511 billion kWh" );; line 20615 (wfb::source-text electricity canada consumption_per_capita "16,133 kWh (1993)" );; line 20617 (wfb::source-text industry canada "processed and unprocessed minerals, food products, wood and paper products, transportation equipment, chemicals, fish products, petroleum and natural gas" );; line 20621 (wfb::source-text agriculture canada "accounts for about 3% of GDP; one of the world's major producers and exporters of grain (wheat and barley); key source of US agricultural imports; large forest resources cover 35% of total land area; commercial fisheries provide annual catch of 1.5 million metric tons, of which 75% is exported" );; line 20627 (wfb::source-text illicit_drugs canada "illicit producer of cannabis for the domestic drug market; use of hydroponics technology permits growers to plant large quantities of high-quality marijuana indoors; growing role as a transit point for heroin and cocaine entering the US market" );; line 20635 (wfb::source-text economic_aid canada donor "ODA and OOF commitments (1970-89), $7.2 billion" );; line 20643 (wfb::source-text currency canada "1 Canadian dollar (Can$) = 100 cents" );; line 20647 (wfb::source-text exchange_rates canada "Canadian dollars (Can$) per US$1 - 1.4129 (January 1995), 1.3656 (1994), 1.2901 (1993), 1.2087 (1992), 1.1457 (1991), 1.1668 (1990)" );; line 20651 (wfb::source-text fiscal_year canada "1 April - 31 March" );; line 20656 (wfb::source-text railroads canada total "78,148 km; note - there are two major transcontinental freight railway systems: Canadian National (government owned) and Canadian Pacific Railway; passenger service provided by VIA (government operated)" );; line 20662 (wfb::source-text railroads canada standard_gauge "78,148 km 1.435-m gauge (185 km electrified) (1994)" );; line 20666 (wfb::source-text highways canada total "849,404 km" );; line 20671 (wfb::source-text highways canada paved "253,692 km (15,983 km of expressways)" );; line 20673 (wfb::source-text highways canada unpaved "gravel 595,712 km (1991)" );; line 20675 (wfb::source-text inland_waterways canada "3,000 km, including Saint Lawrence Seaway" );; line 20679 (wfb::source-text pipelines canada "crude and refined oil 23,564 km; natural gas 74,980 km" );; line 20683 (wfb::source-text port canada "Becancour, Churchill, Halifax, Montreal, New Westminister, Prince Rupert, Quebec, Saint John (New Brunswick), Saint John's (Newfoundland), Seven Islands, Sydney, Three Rivers, Toronto, Vancouver, Windsor" );; line 20687 (wfb::source-text merchant_marine canada total "71 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 617,010 GRT/878,819 DWT" );; line 20694 (wfb::source-text merchant_marine canada ships_by_type "bulk 17, cargo 10, chemical tanker 5, oil tanker 23, passenger 1, passenger-cargo 1, railcar carrier 2, roll-on/roll-off cargo 7, short-sea passenger 3, specialized tanker 2" );; line 20696 (wfb::source-text airports canada total "1,386" );; line 20705 (wfb::source-text airports canada |with paved runways over 3,047 m| "17" );; line 20707 (wfb::source-text airports canada |with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m| "16" );; line 20709 (wfb::source-text airports canada |with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m| "147" );; line 20711 (wfb::source-text airports canada |with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m| "234" );; line 20713 (wfb::source-text airports canada with_paved_runways_under_914_m "550" );; line 20715 (wfb::source-text airports canada |with unpaved runways 1,524 to 2,438 m| "69" );; line 20717 (wfb::source-text airports canada |with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m| "353" );; line 20719 (wfb::source-text telephone_system canada "18,000,000 telephones; excellent service provided by modern media" );; line 20724 (wfb::source-text telephone_system canada local "NA" );; line 20726 (wfb::source-text telephone_system canada intercity "about 300 earth stations for domestic satellite communications" );; line 20728 (wfb::source-text telephone_system canada international "5 coaxial submarine cables; 5 INTELSAT earth stations (4 Atlantic Ocean and 1 Pacific Ocean)" );; line 20730 (wfb::source-text radio canada broadcast_stations "AM 900, FM 29, shortwave 0" );; line 20736 (wfb::source-text radio canada radios "NA" );; line 20738 (wfb::source-text television canada broadcast_stations "53 (repeaters 1,400)" );; line 20743 (wfb::source-text television canada televisions "NA" );; line 20745 (wfb::source-text defense_branch canada "Canadian Armed Forces (includes Land Forces Command or LC, Maritime Command or MC, Air Command or AC, Communications Command or CC, Training Command or TC), Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP)" );; line 20751 (wfb::source-text manpower_availability canada "males age 15-49 7,570,877; males fit for military service 6,522,092; males reach military age (17) annually 151,590 (1995 est.)" );; line 20757 (wfb::source-text defense_expenditures canada "exchange rate conversion - $9.0 billion, 1.6% of GDP (FY95/96)" );; line 20762 (wfb::source-text location cape_verde "Western Africa, group of Islands in the North Atlantic Ocean, west of Senegal" );; line 20772 (wfb::source-text map_references cape_verde "World" );; line 20777 (wfb::source-text area cape_verde total_area "4,030 sq km" );; line 20782 (wfb::source-text area cape_verde land_area "4,030 sq km" );; line 20784 (wfb::source-text area cape_verde comparative_area "slightly larger than Rhode Island" );; line 20786 (wfb::source-text borders cape_verde "0 km" );; line 20790 (wfb::source-text coastline cape_verde "965 km" );; line 20794 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims cape_verde "measured from claimed archipelagic baselines" );; line 20798 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims cape_verde exclusive_economic_zone "200 nm" );; line 20800 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims cape_verde territorial_sea "12 nm" );; line 20802 (wfb::source-text international_disputes cape_verde "none" );; line 20806 (wfb::source-text climate cape_verde "temperate; warm, dry, summer; precipitation very erratic" );; line 20810 (wfb::source-text terrain cape_verde "steep, rugged, rocky, volcanic" );; line 20814 (wfb::source-text natural-resource cape_verde "salt, basalt rock, pozzolana, limestone, kaolin, fish" );; line 20818 (wfb::source-text land_use cape_verde arable_land "9%" );; line 20823 (wfb::source-text land_use cape_verde permanent_crops "0%" );; line 20825 (wfb::source-text land_use cape_verde meadows_and_pastures "6%" );; line 20827 (wfb::source-text land_use cape_verde forest_and_woodland "0%" );; line 20829 (wfb::source-text land_use cape_verde other "85%" );; line 20831 (wfb::source-text irrigated_land cape_verde "20 sq km (1989 est.)" );; line 20835 (wfb::source-text environment cape_verde current_issues "overgrazing of livestock and improper land use such as the cultivation of crops on steep slopes has led to soil erosion; demand for wood used as fuel has resulted in deforestation; desertification; environmental damage has threatened several indigenous species of birds and reptiles; overfishing" );; line 20840 (wfb::source-text environment cape_verde natural_hazards "prolonged droughts; harmattan wind can obscure visibility; volcanically and seismically active" );; line 20846 (wfb::source-text environment cape_verde international_agreements "party to - Environmental Modification, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Nuclear Test Ban; signed, but not ratified - Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification" );; line 20849 (wfb::source-text note cape_verde "strategic location 500 km from west coast of Africa near major north-south sea routes; important communications station; important sea and air refueling site" );; line 20855 (wfb::source-text population cape_verde "435,983 (July 1995 est.)" );; line 20863 (wfb::source-text age_structure cape_verde 0-14_years "50% (female 106,539; male 110,301)" );; line 20868 (wfb::source-text age_structure cape_verde 15-64_years "47% (female 114,931; male 88,029)" );; line 20870 (wfb::source-text age_structure cape_verde 65_years_and_over "3% (female 9,781; male 6,402) (July 1995 est.)" );; line 20872 (wfb::source-text population_growth_rate cape_verde "2.98% (1995 est.)" );; line 20876 (wfb::source-text birth_rate cape_verde "45.32 births/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 20880 (wfb::source-text death_rate cape_verde "8.65 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 20884 (wfb::source-text net_migration_rate cape_verde "-6.88 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 20888 (wfb::source-text infant_mortality_rate cape_verde "55.9 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.)" );; line 20892 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth cape_verde total_population "63.01 years" );; line 20897 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth cape_verde male "61.1 years" );; line 20899 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth cape_verde female "65.01 years (1995 est.)" );; line 20901 (wfb::source-text total_fertility_rate cape_verde "6.23 children born/woman (1995 est.)" );; line 20905 (wfb::source-text nationality cape_verde noun "Cape Verdean(s)" );; line 20910 (wfb::source-text nationality cape_verde adjective "Cape Verdean" );; line 20912 (wfb::source-text ethnic-entity cape_verde "Creole (mulatto) 71%, African 28%, European 1%" );; line 20916 (wfb::source-text religion cape_verde "Roman Catholicism fused with indigenous beliefs" );; line 20920 (wfb::source-text language cape_verde "Portuguese, Crioulo, a blend of Portuguese and West African words" );; line 20924 (wfb::source-text literacy cape_verde "age 15 and over can read and write (1990)" );; line 20928 (wfb::source-text literacy cape_verde total_population "63%" );; line 20930 (wfb::source-text literacy cape_verde male "75%" );; line 20932 (wfb::source-text literacy cape_verde female "53%" );; line 20934 (wfb::source-text total_labor_force cape_verde "102,000 (1985 est.)" );; line 20938 (wfb::source-text labor_force_by_occupation cape_verde by_occupation "agriculture (mostly subsistence) 57%, services 29%, industry 14% (1981)" );; line 20940 (wfb::source-text names cape_verde conventional_long_form "Republic of Cape Verde" );; line 20947 (wfb::source-text names cape_verde conventional_short_form "Cape Verde" );; line 20949 (wfb::source-text names cape_verde local_long_form "Republica de Cabo Verde" );; line 20951 (wfb::source-text names cape_verde local_short_form "Cabo Verde" );; line 20953 (wfb::source-text digraph cape_verde "CV" );; line 20957 (wfb::source-text type cape_verde "republic" );; line 20961 (wfb::source-text capital cape_verde "Praia" );; line 20965 (wfb::source-text administrative_divisions cape_verde "14 districts (concelhos, singular - concelho); Boa Vista, Brava, Fogo, Maio, Paul, Praia, Porto Novo, Ribeira Grande, Sal, Santa Catarina, Santa Cruz, Sao Nicolau, Sao Vicente, Tarrafal" );; line 20969 (wfb::source-text independence cape_verde "5 July 1975 (from Portugal)" );; line 20975 (wfb::source-text national_holiday cape_verde "Independence Day, 5 July (1975)" );; line 20979 (wfb::source-text constitution cape_verde "new constitution came into force 25 September 1992" );; line 20983 (wfb::source-text legal_system cape_verde "NA" );; line 20987 (wfb::source-text suffrage cape_verde "18 years of age; universal" );; line 20991 (wfb::source-text executive_branch cape_verde chief_of_state "President Antonio MASCARENHAS Monteiro (since 22 March 1991; election last held 17 February 1991 (next to be held February 1996); results - Antonio Monteiro MASCARENHAS (independent) received 72.6% of vote" );; line 20996 (wfb::source-text executive_branch cape_verde head_of_government "Prime Minister Carlos Alberto Wahnon de Carvalho VEIGA (since 13 January 1991)" );; line 21000 (wfb::source-text executive_branch cape_verde cabinet "Council of Ministers; appointed by prime minister from members of the Assembly" );; line 21003 (wfb::source-text legislative_structure cape_verde "unicameral" );; line 21008 (wfb::source-text legislative_branch cape_verde |People's National Assembly (Assembleia Nacional Popular)| "elections last held 13 January 1991 (next to be held January 1996); results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (79 total) MPD 56, PAICV 23; note - the 1991 multiparty Assembly election ended 15 years of single-party rule" );; line 21010 (wfb::source-text judicial_branch cape_verde "Supreme Tribunal of Justice (Supremo Tribunal de Justia)" );; line 21017 (wfb::source-text political_parties_and_leaders cape_verde "Movement for Democracy (MPD), Prime Minister Carlos VEIGA, founder and chairman; African Party for Independence of Cape Verde (PAICV), Pedro Verona Rodrigues PIRES, chairman" );; line 21021 (wfb::source-text member_of cape_verde "ACP, AfDB, CCC, ECA, ECOWAS, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, IOM (observer), ITU, NAM, OAU, UN (Cape Verde assumed a nonpermanent seat on the Security Council on 1 January 1992), UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNOMOZ, UPU, WCL, WHO, WMO" );; line 21027 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us cape_verde chief_of_mission "(vacant); Charge d'Affaires Jose Eduardo BARBOSA (since 12 February 1994)" );; line 21036 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us cape_verde chancery "3415 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20007" );; line 21039 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us cape_verde telephone "[1] (202) 965-6820" );; line 21041 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us cape_verde fax "[1] (202) 965-1207" );; line 21043 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us cape_verde |consulate(s) general| "Boston" );; line 21045 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation cape_verde chief_of_mission "Ambassador Joseph M. SEGARS" );; line 21050 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation cape_verde embassy "Rua Abilio Macedo 81, Praia" );; line 21052 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation cape_verde mailing_address "C. P. 201, Praia" );; line 21054 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation cape_verde telephone "[238] 61 56 16" );; line 21056 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation cape_verde fax "[238] 61 13 55" );; line 21058 (wfb::source-text flag cape_verde "three horozontal bands of light blue (top, double width), white (with a horozontal red stripe in the middle third), and light blue; a circle of 10 yellow five-pointed stars is centered on the hoist end of the red stripe and extends into the upper and lower blue bands" );; line 21062 (wfb::source-text overview cape_verde "Cape Verde's low per capita GDP reflects a poor natural resource base, serious water shortages exacerbated by cycles of long-term drought, and a high birthrate. The economy is service oriented, with commerce, transport, and public services accounting for 60% of GDP. Although nearly 70% of the population lives in rural areas, agriculture's share of GDP is only 20%; the fishing sector accounts for 4%. About 90% of food must be imported. The fishing potential, mostly lobster and tuna, is not fully exploited. Cape Verde annually runs a high trade deficit, financed by remittances from emigrants and foreign aid, which form important supplements to GDP. Economic reforms, launched by the new democratic government in 1991, are aimed at developing the private sector and attracting foreign investment to diversify the economy. Prospects for 1995 depend heavily on the maintenance of aid flows, remittances, and the momentum of the government's development program." );; line 21070 (wfb::source-text national_product cape_verde "GDP - purchasing power parity - $410 million (1993 est.)" );; line 21086 (wfb::source-text national_product_real_growth_rate cape_verde "3.5% (1992 est.)" );; line 21090 (wfb::source-text national_product_per_capita cape_verde "$1,000 (1993 est.)" );; line 21094 (wfb::source-text |Inflation rate (consumer prices)| cape_verde "7% (1992)" );; line 21098 (wfb::source-text unemployment_rate cape_verde "26% (1990 est.)" );; line 21102 (wfb::source-text budget cape_verde revenues "$174 million" );; line 21107 (wfb::source-text budget cape_verde expenditures "$235 million, including capital expenditures of $165 million (1993 est.)" );; line 21109 (wfb::source-text exports cape_verde "$4.4 million (f.o.b., 1992 est.)" );; line 21114 (wfb::source-text exports cape_verde commodities "fish, bananas, hides and skins" );; line 21116 (wfb::source-text exports cape_verde partners "Netherlands, Portugal, Angola" );; line 21118 (wfb::source-text imports cape_verde "$173 million (c.i.f., 1992 est.)" );; line 21122 (wfb::source-text imports cape_verde commodities "foodstuffs, consumer goods, industrial products, transport equipment" );; line 21124 (wfb::source-text imports cape_verde partners "Portugal, Netherlands, Germany, Spain" );; line 21127 (wfb::source-text external_debt cape_verde "$156 million (1991)" );; line 21131 (wfb::source-text industrial_production cape_verde "growth rate 3.6% (1990 est.); accounts for 8% of GDP" );; line 21135 (wfb::source-text electricity cape_verde capacity "15,000 kW" );; line 21140 (wfb::source-text electricity cape_verde production "40 million kWh" );; line 21142 (wfb::source-text electricity cape_verde consumption_per_capita "73 kWh (1993)" );; line 21144 (wfb::source-text industry cape_verde "fish processing, salt mining, garment industry, ship repair, construction materials, food and beverage production" );; line 21148 (wfb::source-text agriculture cape_verde "accounts for 20% of GDP (including fishing); largely subsistence farming; bananas are the only export crop; other crops - corn, beans, sweet potatoes, coffee; growth potential of agricultural sector limited by poor soils and scanty rainfall; annual food imports required; fish catch provides for both domestic consumption and small exports" );; line 21153 (wfb::source-text illicit_drugs cape_verde "increasingly used as a transshipment point for illicit drugs moving from Latin America and Africa destined for Western Europe" );; line 21161 (wfb::source-text economic_aid cape_verde recipient "US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY75-90), $93 million; Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-90), $586 million; OPEC bilateral aid (1979-89), $12 million; Communist countries (1970-89), $36 million" );; line 21167 (wfb::source-text currency cape_verde "1 Cape Verdean escudo (CVEsc) = 100 centavos" );; line 21174 (wfb::source-text exchange_rates cape_verde "Cape Verdean escudos (CVEsc) per US$1 - 85.537 (1st Quarter 1994), 80.427 (1993), 68.018 (1992), 71.408 (1991), 70.031 (1990)" );; line 21178 (wfb::source-text fiscal_year cape_verde "calendar year" );; line 21183 (wfb::source-text railroads cape_verde "0 km" );; line 21188 (wfb::source-text highways cape_verde total "1,100 km (1992)" );; line 21193 (wfb::source-text highways cape_verde paved "680 km" );; line 21195 (wfb::source-text highways cape_verde unpaved "420 km" );; line 21197 (wfb::source-text port cape_verde "Mindelo, Praia, Tarrafal" );; line 21201 (wfb::source-text merchant_marine cape_verde total "7 (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 11,609 GRT/19,052 DWT" );; line 21206 (wfb::source-text merchant_marine cape_verde total "cargo 6, chemical tanker 1" );; line 21207 (wfb::source-text airports cape_verde total "6" );; line 21212 (wfb::source-text airports cape_verde |with paved runways over 3,047 m| "1" );; line 21214 (wfb::source-text airports cape_verde |with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m| "5" );; line 21216 (wfb::source-text telephone_system cape_verde "over 1,700 telephones; telephine density - about 4 telephones/1,000 persons" );; line 21221 (wfb::source-text telephone_system cape_verde local "NA" );; line 21224 (wfb::source-text telephone_system cape_verde intercity "interisland microwave radio relay system, high frequency radio links to Senegal and Guinea-Bissau" );; line 21226 (wfb::source-text telephone_system cape_verde international "2 coaxial submarine cables; 1 Atlantic Ocean INTELSAT earth station" );; line 21229 (wfb::source-text radio cape_verde broadcast_stations "AM 1, FM 6, shortwave 0" );; line 21235 (wfb::source-text radio cape_verde radios "NA" );; line 21237 (wfb::source-text television cape_verde broadcast_stations "1" );; line 21242 (wfb::source-text television cape_verde televisions "NA" );; line 21244 (wfb::source-text defense_branch cape_verde "People's Revolutionary Armed Forces (FARP; includes Army and Navy), Security Service" );; line 21250 (wfb::source-text manpower_availability cape_verde "males age 15-49 80,867; males fit for military service 47,225 (1995 est.)" );; line 21255 (wfb::source-text defense_expenditures cape_verde "exchange rate conversion - $3.4 million, NA% of GDP (1994)" );; line 21260 (wfb::source-text location cayman_island "Caribbean, island group in Caribbean Sea, nearly one-half of the way from Cuba to Honduras" );; line 21271 (wfb::source-text map_references cayman_island "Central America and the Caribbean" );; line 21276 (wfb::source-text area cayman_island total_area "260 sq km" );; line 21281 (wfb::source-text area cayman_island land_area "260 sq km" );; line 21283 (wfb::source-text area cayman_island comparative_area "slightly less than 1.5 times the size of Washington, DC" );; line 21285 (wfb::source-text borders cayman_island "0 km" );; line 21289 (wfb::source-text coastline cayman_island "160 km" );; line 21293 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims cayman_island exclusive_fishing_zone "200 nm" );; line 21298 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims cayman_island territorial_sea "12 nm" );; line 21300 (wfb::source-text international_disputes cayman_island "none" );; line 21304 (wfb::source-text climate cayman_island "tropical marine; warm, rainy summers (May to October) and cool, relatively dry winters (November to April)" );; line 21308 (wfb::source-text terrain cayman_island "low-lying limestone base surrounded by coral reefs" );; line 21313 (wfb::source-text natural-resource cayman_island "fish, climate and beaches that foster tourism" );; line 21317 (wfb::source-text land_use cayman_island arable_land "0%" );; line 21322 (wfb::source-text land_use cayman_island permanent_crops "0%" );; line 21324 (wfb::source-text land_use cayman_island meadows_and_pastures "8%" );; line 21326 (wfb::source-text land_use cayman_island forest_and_woodland "23%" );; line 21328 (wfb::source-text land_use cayman_island other "69%" );; line 21330 (wfb::source-text irrigated_land cayman_island "NA sq km" );; line 21334 (wfb::source-text environment cayman_island current_issues "no natural fresh water resources, drinking water supplies must be met by rainwater catchment" );; line 21339 (wfb::source-text environment cayman_island natural_hazards "hurricanes (July to November)" );; line 21342 (wfb::source-text environment cayman_island international_agreements "NA" );; line 21344 (wfb::source-text note cayman_island "important location between Cuba and Central America" );; line 21348 (wfb::source-text population cayman_island "33,192 (July 1995 est.)" );; line 21354 (wfb::source-text age_structure cayman_island 0-14_years "NA" );; line 21359 (wfb::source-text age_structure cayman_island 15-64_years "NA" );; line 21361 (wfb::source-text age_structure cayman_island 65_years_and_over "NA" );; line 21363 (wfb::source-text population_growth_rate cayman_island "4.3% (1995 est.)" );; line 21367 (wfb::source-text birth_rate cayman_island "14.79 births/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 21371 (wfb::source-text death_rate cayman_island "4.98 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 21375 (wfb::source-text net_migration_rate cayman_island "33.2 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 21379 (wfb::source-text infant_mortality_rate cayman_island "8.4 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.)" );; line 21383 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth cayman_island total_population "77.1 years" );; line 21388 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth cayman_island male "75.37 years" );; line 21390 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth cayman_island female "78.81 years (1995 est.)" );; line 21392 (wfb::source-text total_fertility_rate cayman_island "1.43 children born/woman (1995 est.)" );; line 21396 (wfb::source-text nationality cayman_island noun "Caymanian(s)" );; line 21401 (wfb::source-text nationality cayman_island adjective "Caymanian" );; line 21403 (wfb::source-text ethnic-entity cayman_island "mixed 40%, white 20%, black 20%, expatriates of various ethnic groups 20%" );; line 21407 (wfb::source-text religion cayman_island "United Church (Presbyterian and Congregational), Anglican, Baptist, Roman Catholic, Church of God, other Protestant denominations" );; line 21412 (wfb::source-text language cayman_island "English" );; line 21417 (wfb::source-text literacy cayman_island "age 15 and over has ever attended school (1970)" );; line 21421 (wfb::source-text literacy cayman_island total_population "98%" );; line 21423 (wfb::source-text literacy cayman_island male "98%" );; line 21425 (wfb::source-text literacy cayman_island female "98%" );; line 21427 (wfb::source-text total_labor_force cayman_island "8,061" );; line 21431 (wfb::source-text labor_force_by_occupation cayman_island by_occupation "service workers 18.7%, clerical 18.6%, construction 12.5%, finance and investment 6.7%, directors and business managers 5.9% (1979)" );; line 21433 (wfb::source-text names cayman_island conventional_long_form "none" );; line 21440 (wfb::source-text names cayman_island conventional_short_form "Cayman Islands" );; line 21442 (wfb::source-text digraph cayman_island "CJ" );; line 21446 (wfb::source-text type cayman_island "dependent territory of the UK" );; line 21450 (wfb::source-text capital cayman_island "George Town" );; line 21454 (wfb::source-text administrative_divisions cayman_island "8 districts; Creek, Eastern, Midland, South Town, Spot Bay, Stake Bay, West End, Western" );; line 21458 (wfb::source-text independence cayman_island "none (dependent territory of the UK)" );; line 21463 (wfb::source-text national_holiday cayman_island "Constitution Day (first Monday in July)" );; line 21467 (wfb::source-text constitution cayman_island "1959, revised 1972 and 1992" );; line 21471 (wfb::source-text legal_system cayman_island "British common law and local statutes" );; line 21475 (wfb::source-text suffrage cayman_island "18 years of age; universal" );; line 21479 (wfb::source-text executive_branch cayman_island chief_of_state "Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952)" );; line 21484 (wfb::source-text executive_branch cayman_island head_of_government "Governor and President of the Executive Council Michael GORE (since 15 September 1992)" );; line 21486 (wfb::source-text executive_branch cayman_island cabinet "Executive Council; 3 members are appointed by the governor, 4 members elected by the Legislative Assembly" );; line 21489 (wfb::source-text legislative_structure cayman_island "unicameral" );; line 21494 (wfb::source-text legislative_branch cayman_island legislative_assembly "election last held November 1992 (next to be held November 1996); results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (15 total, 12 elected)" );; line 21496 (wfb::source-text judicial_branch cayman_island "Grand Court, Cayman Islands Court of Appeal" );; line 21501 (wfb::source-text political_parties_and_leaders cayman_island "no formal political parties" );; line 21505 (wfb::source-text member_of cayman_island "CARICOM (observer), CDB, INTERPOL (subbureau), IOC" );; line 21509 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us cayman_island "none (dependent territory of the UK)" );; line 21513 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation cayman_island "none (dependent territory of the UK)" );; line 21517 (wfb::source-text flag cayman_island "blue, with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side quadrant and the Caymanian coat of arms on a white disk centered on the outer half of the flag; the coat of arms includes a pineapple and turtle above a shield with three stars (representing the three islands) and a scroll at the bottom bearing the motto HE HATH FOUNDED IT UPON THE SEAS" );; line 21521 (wfb::source-text overview cayman_island "The economy depends heavily on tourism (70% of GDP and 75% of foreign currency earnings) and offshore financial services, with the tourist industry aimed at the luxury market and catering mainly to visitors from North America. About 90% of the islands' food and consumer goods must be imported. The Caymanians enjoy one of the highest outputs per capita and one of the highest standards of living in the world." );; line 21530 (wfb::source-text national_product cayman_island "GDP - purchasing power parity - $700 million (1993 est.)" );; line 21539 (wfb::source-text national_product_real_growth_rate cayman_island "1.4% (1991)" );; line 21543 (wfb::source-text national_product_per_capita cayman_island "$23,000 (1993 est.)" );; line 21547 (wfb::source-text |Inflation rate (consumer prices)| cayman_island "2.5% (1993 est.)" );; line 21551 (wfb::source-text unemployment_rate cayman_island "7% (1992)" );; line 21555 (wfb::source-text budget cayman_island revenues "$141.5 million" );; line 21560 (wfb::source-text budget cayman_island expenditures "$160.7 million, including capital expenditures of $NA (1991)" );; line 21562 (wfb::source-text exports cayman_island "$10 million (f.o.b., 1993 est.)" );; line 21566 (wfb::source-text exports cayman_island commodities "turtle products, manufactured consumer goods" );; line 21568 (wfb::source-text exports cayman_island partners "mostly US" );; line 21570 (wfb::source-text imports cayman_island "$312 million (c.i.f., 1993 est.)" );; line 21574 (wfb::source-text imports cayman_island commodities "foodstuffs, manufactured goods" );; line 21576 (wfb::source-text imports cayman_island partners "US, Trinidad and Tobago, UK, Netherlands Antilles, Japan" );; line 21578 (wfb::source-text external_debt cayman_island "$15 million (1986)" );; line 21582 (wfb::source-text industrial_production cayman_island "growth rate NA%" );; line 21586 (wfb::source-text electricity cayman_island capacity "80,000 kW" );; line 21591 (wfb::source-text electricity cayman_island production "230 million kWh" );; line 21593 (wfb::source-text electricity cayman_island consumption_per_capita "6,899 kWh (1993)" );; line 21595 (wfb::source-text industry cayman_island "tourism, banking, insurance and finance, construction, building materials, furniture making" );; line 21599 (wfb::source-text agriculture cayman_island "minor production of vegetables, fruit, livestock; turtle farming" );; line 21604 (wfb::source-text illicit_drugs cayman_island "a major money-laundering center for illicit drug profits; transshipment point for narcotics bound for the US and Europe" );; line 21608 (wfb::source-text economic_aid cayman_island recipient "US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-89), $26.7 million; Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-89), $35 million" );; line 21614 (wfb::source-text currency cayman_island "1 Caymanian dollar (CI$) = 100 cents" );; line 21619 (wfb::source-text exchange_rates cayman_island "Caymanian dollars (CI$) per US$1 - 0.83 (18 November 1993), 0.85 (22 November 1993)" );; line 21623 (wfb::source-text fiscal_year cayman_island "1 April - 31 March" );; line 21628 (wfb::source-text railroads cayman_island "0 km" );; line 21633 (wfb::source-text highways cayman_island total "160 km (main roads)" );; line 21638 (wfb::source-text highways cayman_island paved "NA" );; line 21640 (wfb::source-text highways cayman_island unpaved "NA" );; line 21642 (wfb::source-text port cayman_island "Cayman Brac, George Town" );; line 21646 (wfb::source-text merchant_marine cayman_island total "26 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 321,434 GRT/583,348 DWT" );; line 21651 (wfb::source-text merchant_marine cayman_island ships_by_type "bulk 7, cargo 6, chemical tanker 2, container 1, oil tanker 3, roll-on/roll-off cargo 7" );; line 21653 (wfb::source-text airports cayman_island total "3" );; line 21662 (wfb::source-text airports cayman_island |with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m| "2" );; line 21664 (wfb::source-text airports cayman_island |with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m| "1" );; line 21666 (wfb::source-text telephone_system cayman_island "35,000 telephones" );; line 21671 (wfb::source-text telephone_system cayman_island local "NA" );; line 21673 (wfb::source-text telephone_system cayman_island intercity "NA" );; line 21675 (wfb::source-text telephone_system cayman_island international "1 submarine coaxial cable; 1 INTELSAT (Atlantic Ocean) earth station" );; line 21677 (wfb::source-text radio cayman_island broadcast_stations "AM 2, FM 1, shortwave 0" );; line 21683 (wfb::source-text radio cayman_island radios "NA" );; line 21685 (wfb::source-text television cayman_island broadcast_stations "0" );; line 21690 (wfb::source-text television cayman_island televisions "NA" );; line 21692 (wfb::source-text defense_branch cayman_island "Royal Cayman Islands Police Force (RCIPF)" );; line 21698 (wfb::source-text note cayman_island "defense is the responsibility of the UK" );; line 21702 (wfb::source-text location central_african_republic "Central Africa, north of Zaire" );; line 21712 (wfb::source-text map_references central_african_republic "Africa" );; line 21716 (wfb::source-text area central_african_republic total_area "622,980 sq km" );; line 21721 (wfb::source-text area central_african_republic land_area "622,980 sq km" );; line 21723 (wfb::source-text area central_african_republic comparative_area "slightly smaller than Texas" );; line 21725 (wfb::source-text borders central_african_republic "total 5,203 km, Cameroon 797 km, Chad 1,197 km, Congo 467 km, Sudan 1,165 km, Zaire 1,577 km" );; line 21729 (wfb::source-text coastline central_african_republic "0 km (landlocked)" );; line 21734 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims central_african_republic "none; landlocked" );; line 21738 (wfb::source-text international_disputes central_african_republic "none" );; line 21742 (wfb::source-text climate central_african_republic "tropical; hot, dry winters; mild to hot, wet summers" );; line 21746 (wfb::source-text terrain central_african_republic "vast, flat to rolling, monotonous plateau; scattered hills in northeast and southwest" );; line 21750 (wfb::source-text natural-resource central_african_republic "diamonds, uranium, timber, gold, oil" );; line 21755 (wfb::source-text land_use central_african_republic arable_land "3%" );; line 21760 (wfb::source-text land_use central_african_republic permanent_crops "0%" );; line 21762 (wfb::source-text land_use central_african_republic meadows_and_pastures "5%" );; line 21764 (wfb::source-text land_use central_african_republic forest_and_woodland "64%" );; line 21766 (wfb::source-text land_use central_african_republic other "28%" );; line 21768 (wfb::source-text irrigated_land central_african_republic "NA sq km" );; line 21772 (wfb::source-text environment central_african_republic current_issues "tap water is not potable; poaching has diminished reputation as one of last great wildlife refuges; desertification" );; line 21777 (wfb::source-text environment central_african_republic natural_hazards "hot, dry, dusty harmattan winds affect northern areas; floods are common" );; line 21780 (wfb::source-text environment central_african_republic international_agreements "party to - Endangered Species, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection; signed, but not ratified - Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Law of the Sea" );; line 21783 (wfb::source-text note central_african_republic "landlocked; almost the precise center of Africa" );; line 21789 (wfb::source-text population central_african_republic "3,209,759 (July 1995 est.)" );; line 21795 (wfb::source-text age_structure central_african_republic 0-14_years "43% (female 690,290; male 694,153)" );; line 21800 (wfb::source-text age_structure central_african_republic 15-64_years "53% (female 886,421; male 825,268)" );; line 21802 (wfb::source-text age_structure central_african_republic 65_years_and_over "4% (female 64,846; male 48,781) (July 1995 est.)" );; line 21804 (wfb::source-text population_growth_rate central_african_republic "2.1% (1995 est.)" );; line 21808 (wfb::source-text birth_rate central_african_republic "41.84 births/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 21812 (wfb::source-text death_rate central_african_republic "20.89 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 21816 (wfb::source-text net_migration_rate central_african_republic "0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 21820 (wfb::source-text infant_mortality_rate central_african_republic "135.6 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.)" );; line 21824 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth central_african_republic total_population "42.15 years" );; line 21829 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth central_african_republic male "40.68 years" );; line 21831 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth central_african_republic female "43.67 years (1995 est.)" );; line 21833 (wfb::source-text total_fertility_rate central_african_republic "5.37 children born/woman (1995 est.)" );; line 21837 (wfb::source-text nationality central_african_republic noun "Central African(s)" );; line 21842 (wfb::source-text nationality central_african_republic adjective "Central African" );; line 21844 (wfb::source-text ethnic-entity central_african_republic "Baya 34%, Banda 27%, Sara 10%, Mandjia 21%, Mboum 4%, M'Baka 4%, Europeans 6,500 (including 3,600 French)" );; line 21848 (wfb::source-text religion central_african_republic "indigenous beliefs 24%, Protestant 25%, Roman Catholic 25%, Muslim 15%, other 11%" );; line 21853 (wfb::source-text language central_african_republic "French (official), Sangho (lingua franca and national language), Arabic, Hunsa, Swahili" );; line 21861 (wfb::source-text literacy central_african_republic "age 15 and over can read and write (1990 est.)" );; line 21866 (wfb::source-text literacy central_african_republic total_population "38%" );; line 21868 (wfb::source-text literacy central_african_republic male "52%" );; line 21870 (wfb::source-text literacy central_african_republic female "25%" );; line 21872 (wfb::source-text total_labor_force central_african_republic "775,413 (1986 est.)" );; line 21876 (wfb::source-text labor_force_by_occupation central_african_republic by_occupation "agriculture 85%, commerce and services 9%, industry 3%, government 3%" );; line 21878 (wfb::source-text names central_african_republic conventional_long_form "Central African Republic" );; line 21887 (wfb::source-text names central_african_republic conventional_short_form "none" );; line 21889 (wfb::source-text names central_african_republic local_long_form "Republique Centrafricaine" );; line 21891 (wfb::source-text names central_african_republic local_short_form "none" );; line 21893 (wfb::source-text names central_african_republic former "Central African Empire" );; line 21895 (wfb::source-text abbreviation central_african_republic "CAR" );; line 21899 (wfb::source-text digraph central_african_republic "CT" );; line 21903 (wfb::source-text type central_african_republic "republic;" );; line 21907 (wfb::source-text capital central_african_republic "Bangui" );; line 21911 (wfb::source-text administrative_divisions central_african_republic "14 prefectures (prefectures, singular - prefecture), 2 economic prefectures* (prefectures economiques, singular - prefecture economique), and 1 commune**; Bamingui-Bangoran, Bangui** Basse-Kotto, Gribingui*, Haute-Kotto, Haute-Sangha, Haut-Mbomou, Kemo-Gribingui, Lobaye, Mbomou, Nana-Mambere, Ombella-Mpoko, Ouaka, Ouham, Ouham-Pende, Sangha*, Vakaga" );; line 21915 (wfb::source-text independence central_african_republic "13 August 1960 (from France)" );; line 21923 (wfb::source-text national_holiday central_african_republic "National Day, 1 December (1958) (proclamation of the republic)" );; line 21927 (wfb::source-text constitution central_african_republic "21 November 1986" );; line 21931 (wfb::source-text legal_system central_african_republic "based on French law" );; line 21935 (wfb::source-text suffrage central_african_republic "21 years of age; universal" );; line 21939 (wfb::source-text executive_branch central_african_republic chief_of_state "President Ange PATASSE (since 22 October 1993); election last held 19 September 1993 (next scheduled for 1998); PATASSE received 52.45% of the votes and Abel GOUMBA received 45.62%" );; line 21944 (wfb::source-text executive_branch central_african_republic head_of_government "Prime Minister (vacant) (Dr. Jean-Luc MANDABA resigned on 11 April 1995)" );; line 21948 (wfb::source-text executive_branch central_african_republic cabinet "Council of Ministers; appointed by the president" );; line 21951 (wfb::source-text legislative_structure central_african_republic "unicameral" );; line 21955 (wfb::source-text legislative_branch central_african_republic |National Assembly (Assemblee Nationale)| "elections last held 19 September 1993; results - percentage vote by party NA; seats - (85 total) MLPC 33, RDC 14, PLD 7, ADP 6, PSD 3, others 22" );; line 21957 (wfb::source-text judicial_branch central_african_republic "Supreme Court (Cour Supreme)" );; line 21967 (wfb::source-text political_parties_and_leaders central_african_republic "Movement for the Liberation of the Central African People (MLPC), the party of the new president, Ange Felix PATASSE; Movement for Democracy and Development (MDD), David DACKO; Marginal Movement for Democracy, Renaissance and Evolution (MDREC), Joseph BENDOUNGA; Central African Democratic Assembly (RDC), Andre KOLINGBA; Patriotic Front for Progress (FFP), Abel GOUMBA; Civic Forum (FC), Gen. Timothee MALENDOMA" );; line 21971 (wfb::source-text member_of central_african_republic "ACCT, ACP, AfDB, BDEAC, CCC, CEEAC, ECA, FAO, FZ, G-77, GATT, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, ITU, NAM, OAU, UDEAC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCL, WHO, WIPO, WMO" );; line 21980 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us central_african_republic chief_of_mission "Ambassador Henri KOBA (appointed 19 September 1994)" );; line 21987 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us central_african_republic chancery "1618 22nd Street NW, Washington, DC 20008" );; line 21989 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us central_african_republic telephone "[1] (202) 483-7800, 7801" );; line 21991 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us central_african_republic fax "[1] (202) 332-9893" );; line 21993 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation central_african_republic chief_of_mission "Ambassador Robert E. GRIBBIN III" );; line 21998 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation central_african_republic embassy "Avenue David Dacko, Bangui" );; line 22000 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation central_african_republic mailing_address "B. P. 924, Bangui" );; line 22002 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation central_african_republic telephone "[236] 61 02 00, 61 25 78, 61 02 10" );; line 22004 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation central_african_republic fax "[236] 61 44 94" );; line 22006 (wfb::source-text flag central_african_republic "four equal horizontal bands of blue (top), white, green, and yellow with a vertical red band in center; there is a yellow five-pointed star on the hoist side of the blue band" );; line 22010 (wfb::source-text overview central_african_republic "Subsistence agriculture, together with forestry, remains the backbone of the CAR economy, with more than 70% of the population living in outlying areas. The agricultural sector generates about half of GDP. Timber has accounted for about 26% of export earnings and the diamond industry for 54%. Important constraints to economic development include the CAR's landlocked position, a poor transportation system, a largely unskilled work force, and a legacy of misdirected macroeconomic policies. A major plus is the large forest reserves, which the government is moving to protect from overexploitation. The 50% devaluation of the currencies of 14 Francophone African nations on 12 January 1994 had mixed effects on CAR's economy. While diamond, timber, coffee, and cotton exports increased - leading GDP to increase by 5.5% - inflation rose to 40%, fueled by the rising prices of imports on which the economy depends. CAR's poor resource base and primitive infrastructure will keep it dependent on multilateral donors and France for the foreseeable future." );; line 22017 (wfb::source-text national_product central_african_republic "GDP - purchasing power parity - $2.2 billion (1994 est.)" );; line 22034 (wfb::source-text national_product_real_growth_rate central_african_republic "5.5% (1994 est.)" );; line 22038 (wfb::source-text national_product_per_capita central_african_republic "$700 (1994 est.)" );; line 22042 (wfb::source-text |Inflation rate (consumer prices)| central_african_republic "40% (1994 est.)" );; line 22046 (wfb::source-text unemployment_rate central_african_republic "30% (1988 est.) in Bangui" );; line 22050 (wfb::source-text budget central_african_republic revenues "$175 million" );; line 22055 (wfb::source-text budget central_african_republic expenditures "$312 million, including capital expenditures of $122 million (1991 est.)" );; line 22057 (wfb::source-text exports central_african_republic "$123.5 million (f.o.b., 1992)" );; line 22062 (wfb::source-text exports central_african_republic commodities "diamonds, timber, cotton, coffee, tobacco" );; line 22064 (wfb::source-text exports central_african_republic partners "France, Belgium, Italy, Japan, US" );; line 22066 (wfb::source-text imports central_african_republic "$165.1 million (f.o.b., 1992)" );; line 22070 (wfb::source-text imports central_african_republic commodities "food, textiles, petroleum products, machinery, electrical equipment, motor vehicles, chemicals, pharmaceuticals, consumer goods, industrial products" );; line 22072 (wfb::source-text imports central_african_republic partners "France, other EC countries, Japan, Algeria" );; line 22076 (wfb::source-text external_debt central_african_republic "$859 million (1991)" );; line 22080 (wfb::source-text industrial_production central_african_republic "growth rate 4% (1990 est.); accounts for 14% of GDP" );; line 22084 (wfb::source-text electricity central_african_republic capacity "40,000 kW" );; line 22089 (wfb::source-text electricity central_african_republic production "100 million kWh" );; line 22091 (wfb::source-text electricity central_african_republic consumption_per_capita "29 kWh (1993)" );; line 22093 (wfb::source-text industry central_african_republic "diamond mining, sawmills, breweries, textiles, footwear, assembly of bicycles and motorcycles" );; line 22097 (wfb::source-text agriculture central_african_republic "self-sufficient in food production except for grain; commercial crops - cotton, coffee, tobacco, timber; food crops - manioc, yams, millet, corn, bananas" );; line 22102 (wfb::source-text economic_aid central_african_republic recipient "US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-90), $52 million; Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-90), $1.6 billion; OPEC bilateral aid (1979-89), $6 million; Communist countries (1970-89), $38 million" );; line 22109 (wfb::source-text currency central_african_republic "1 CFA franc (CFAF) = 100 centimes" );; line 22116 (wfb::source-text exchange_rates central_african_republic "Communaute Financiere Africaine francs (CFAF) per US$1 - 529.43 (January 1995), 555.20 (1994), 283.16 (1993), 264.69 (1992), 282.11 (1991), 272.26 (1990)" );; line 22120 (wfb::source-text fiscal_year central_african_republic "calendar year" );; line 22129 (wfb::source-text railroads central_african_republic "0 km" );; line 22134 (wfb::source-text highways central_african_republic total "22,000 km" );; line 22139 (wfb::source-text highways central_african_republic paved "bituminous 458 km" );; line 22141 (wfb::source-text highways central_african_republic unpaved "improved earth 10,542 km; unimproved earth 11,000 km" );; line 22143 (wfb::source-text inland_waterways central_african_republic "800 km; traditional trade carried on by means of shallow-draft dugouts; Oubangui is the most important river" );; line 22147 (wfb::source-text port central_african_republic "Bangui, Nola" );; line 22152 (wfb::source-text airports central_african_republic total "61" );; line 22157 (wfb::source-text airports central_african_republic |with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m| "1" );; line 22159 (wfb::source-text airports central_african_republic |with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m| "2" );; line 22161 (wfb::source-text airports central_african_republic with_paved_runways_under_914_m "19" );; line 22163 (wfb::source-text airports central_african_republic |with unpaved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m| "1" );; line 22165 (wfb::source-text airports central_african_republic |with unpaved runways 1,524 to 2,438 m| "9" );; line 22167 (wfb::source-text airports central_african_republic |with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m| "29" );; line 22169 (wfb::source-text telephone_system central_african_republic "NA telephones; system is only fair" );; line 22174 (wfb::source-text telephone_system central_african_republic local "NA" );; line 22176 (wfb::source-text telephone_system central_african_republic intercity "network consists principally of micowave radio relay and low capacity, low powered radio communication" );; line 22178 (wfb::source-text telephone_system central_african_republic international "1 Atlantic Ocean INTELSAT earth station" );; line 22181 (wfb::source-text radio central_african_republic broadcast_stations "AM 1, FM 1, shortwave 0" );; line 22186 (wfb::source-text radio central_african_republic radios "NA" );; line 22188 (wfb::source-text television central_african_republic broadcast_stations "1" );; line 22193 (wfb::source-text television central_african_republic televisions "NA" );; line 22195 (wfb::source-text defense_branch central_african_republic "Central African Army (includes Republican Guard), Air Force, National Gendarmerie, Police Force" );; line 22201 (wfb::source-text manpower_availability central_african_republic "males age 15-49 718,487; males fit for military service 375,950 (1995 est.)" );; line 22206 (wfb::source-text defense_expenditures central_african_republic "exchange rate conversion - $30 million, 2.3% of GDP (1994)" );; line 22211 (wfb::source-text location chad "Central Africa, south of Libya" );; line 22221 (wfb::source-text map_references chad "Africa" );; line 22225 (wfb::source-text area chad total_area "1.284 million sq km" );; line 22230 (wfb::source-text area chad land_area "1,259,200 sq km" );; line 22232 (wfb::source-text area chad comparative_area "slightly more than three times the size of California" );; line 22234 (wfb::source-text borders chad "total 5,968 km, Cameroon 1,094 km, Central African Republic 1,197 km, Libya 1,055 km, Niger 1,175 km, Nigeria 87 km, Sudan 1,360 km" );; line 22238 (wfb::source-text coastline chad "0 km (landlocked)" );; line 22243 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims chad "none; landlocked" );; line 22247 (wfb::source-text international_disputes chad "the International Court of Justice (ICJ) ruled in February 1994 that the 100,000 sq km Aozou Strip between Chad and Libya belongs to Chad; Libya has withdrawn some of its forces in response to the ICJ ruling, but still maintains an airfield in the disputed area; demarcation of international boundaries in Lake Chad, the lack of which has led to border incidents in the past, is completed and awaiting ratification by Cameroon, Chad, Niger, and Nigeria" );; line 22251 (wfb::source-text climate chad "tropical in south, desert in north" );; line 22261 (wfb::source-text terrain chad "broad, arid plains in center, desert in north, mountains in northwest, lowlands in south" );; line 22265 (wfb::source-text natural-resource chad "petroleum (unexploited but exploration under way), uranium, natron, kaolin, fish (Lake Chad)" );; line 22270 (wfb::source-text land_use chad arable_land "2%" );; line 22276 (wfb::source-text land_use chad permanent_crops "0%" );; line 22278 (wfb::source-text land_use chad meadows_and_pastures "36%" );; line 22280 (wfb::source-text land_use chad forest_and_woodland "11%" );; line 22282 (wfb::source-text land_use chad other "51%" );; line 22284 (wfb::source-text irrigated_land chad "100 sq km (1989 est.)" );; line 22288 (wfb::source-text environment chad current_issues "inadequate supplies of potable water; improper waste disposal in rural areas contributes to soil and water pollution; desertification" );; line 22293 (wfb::source-text environment chad natural_hazards "hot, dry, dusty harmattan winds occur in north; periodic droughts; locust plagues" );; line 22296 (wfb::source-text environment chad international_agreements "party to - Biodiversity, Climate Change, Endangered Species, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands; signed, but not ratified - Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping" );; line 22299 (wfb::source-text note chad "landlocked; Lake Chad is the most significant water body in the Sahel" );; line 22305 (wfb::source-text population chad "5,586,505 (July 1995 est.)" );; line 22312 (wfb::source-text age_structure chad 0-14_years "44% (female 1,198,619; male 1,267,470)" );; line 22317 (wfb::source-text age_structure chad 15-64_years "54% (female 1,563,678; male 1,456,481)" );; line 22319 (wfb::source-text age_structure chad 65_years_and_over "2% (female 71,971; male 28,286) (July 1995 est.)" );; line 22321 (wfb::source-text population_growth_rate chad "2.18% (1995 est.)" );; line 22325 (wfb::source-text birth_rate chad "42.05 births/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 22329 (wfb::source-text death_rate chad "20.26 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 22333 (wfb::source-text net_migration_rate chad "0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 22337 (wfb::source-text infant_mortality_rate chad "129.7 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.)" );; line 22341 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth chad total_population "41.19 years" );; line 22346 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth chad male "40.04 years" );; line 22348 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth chad female "42.38 years (1995 est.)" );; line 22350 (wfb::source-text total_fertility_rate chad "5.33 children born/woman (1995 est.)" );; line 22354 (wfb::source-text nationality chad noun "Chadian(s)" );; line 22359 (wfb::source-text nationality chad adjective "Chadian" );; line 22361 (wfb::source-text ethnic-entity chad north_and_center "Muslims (Arabs, Toubou, Hadjerai, Fulbe, Kotoko, Kanembou, Baguirmi, Boulala, Zaghawa, and Maba)" );; line 22366 (wfb::source-text ethnic-entity chad south "non-Muslims (Sara, Ngambaye, Mbaye, Goulaye, Moundang, Moussei, Massa)" );; line 22369 (wfb::source-text ethnic-entity chad south "nonindigenous 150,000, of whom 1,000 are French" );; line 22371 (wfb::source-text religion chad "Muslim 50%, Christian 25%, indigenous beliefs, animism 25%" );; line 22375 (wfb::source-text language chad "French (official), Arabic (official), Sara (in south), Sango (in south), more than 100 different languages and dialects are spoken" );; line 22379 (wfb::source-text literacy chad "age 15 and over has the ability to read and write in French and Arabic (1990 est.)" );; line 22384 (wfb::source-text literacy chad total_population "30%" );; line 22387 (wfb::source-text literacy chad male "42%" );; line 22389 (wfb::source-text literacy chad female "18%" );; line 22391 (wfb::source-text total_labor_force chad "NA" );; line 22395 (wfb::source-text labor_force_by_occupation chad by_occupation "agriculture 85% (engaged in unpaid subsistence farming, herding, and fishing)" );; line 22397 (wfb::source-text names chad conventional_long_form "Republic of Chad" );; line 22404 (wfb::source-text names chad conventional_short_form "Chad" );; line 22406 (wfb::source-text names chad local_long_form "Republique du Tchad" );; line 22408 (wfb::source-text names chad local_short_form "Tchad" );; line 22410 (wfb::source-text digraph chad "CD" );; line 22414 (wfb::source-text type chad "republic" );; line 22418 (wfb::source-text capital chad "N'Djamena" );; line 22422 (wfb::source-text administrative_divisions chad "14 prefectures (prefectures, singular - prefecture); Batha, Biltine, Borkou-Ennedi-Tibesti, Chari-Baguirmi, Guera, Kanem, Lac, Logone Occidental, Logone Oriental, Mayo-Kebbi, Moyen-Chari, Ouaddai, Salamat, Tandjile" );; line 22426 (wfb::source-text independence chad "11 August 1960 (from France)" );; line 22432 (wfb::source-text national_holiday chad "Independence Day 11 August (1960)" );; line 22436 (wfb::source-text constitution chad "22 December 1989 (suspended 3 December 1990); Provisional National Charter 1 March 1991 is in effect (note - the constitutional commission, which was drafting a new constitution to submit to transitional parliament for ratification in April 1994, failed to do so but expects to submit a new draft to the parliament before the end of April 1995)" );; line 22440 (wfb::source-text legal_system chad "based on French civil law system and Chadian customary law; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction" );; line 22448 (wfb::source-text suffrage chad "universal at age NA" );; line 22453 (wfb::source-text executive_branch chad chief_of_state "President Lt. Gen. Idriss DEBY, since 4 December 1990 (after seizing power on 3 December 1990 - transitional government's mandate expires April 1996)" );; line 22458 (wfb::source-text executive_branch chad head_of_government "Prime Minister Djimasta KOIBLA (since 9 April 1995)" );; line 22462 (wfb::source-text executive_branch chad cabinet "Council of State; appointed by the president on recommendation of the prime minister" );; line 22464 (wfb::source-text legislative_structure chad "unicameral" );; line 22469 (wfb::source-text legislative_branch chad |National Consultative Council (Conceil National Consultatif)| "elections, formerly scheduled for April 1995, were postponed by mutual agreement of the parties concerned until some time prior to April 1996; elections last held 8 July 1990; the National Consultative Council was disbanded 3 December 1990 and replaced by the Provisional Council of the Republic having 30 members appointed by President DEBY on 8 March 1991; this, in turn, was replaced by a 57-member Higher Transitional Council (Conseil Superieur de Transition) elected by a specially convened Sovereign National Conference on 6 April 1993" );; line 22471 (wfb::source-text judicial_branch chad "Court of Appeal" );; line 22482 (wfb::source-text political_parties_and_leaders chad "Patriotic Salvation Movement (MPS), former dissident group, Idriss DEBY, chairman" );; line 22486 (wfb::source-text other_political_or_pressure_groups chad "NA" );; line 22497 (wfb::source-text member_of chad "ACCT, ACP, AfDB, BDEAC, CEEAC, ECA, FAO, FZ, G-77, GATT, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, ITU, NAM, OAU, OIC, UDEAC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCL, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO" );; line 22501 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us chad chief_of_mission "Ambassador Mahamat Saleh AHMAT" );; line 22509 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us chad chancery "2002 R Street NW, Washington, DC 20009" );; line 22511 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us chad telephone "[1] (202) 462-4009" );; line 22513 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us chad fax "[1] (202) 265-1937" );; line 22515 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation chad chief_of_mission "Ambassador Laurence E. POPE II" );; line 22520 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation chad embassy "Avenue Felix Eboue, N'Djamena" );; line 22522 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation chad mailing_address "B. P. 413, N'Djamena" );; line 22524 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation chad telephone "[235] (51) 62 18, (51) 40 09, (51) 47 59" );; line 22526 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation chad fax "[235] (51) 33 72" );; line 22528 (wfb::source-text flag chad "three equal vertical bands of blue (hoist side), yellow, and red; similar to the flag of Romania; also similar to the flag of Andorra, which has a national coat of arms featuring a quartered shield centered in the yellow band; design was based on the flag of France" );; line 22532 (wfb::source-text overview chad "Climate, geographic remoteness, poor resource endowment, and lack of infrastructure make Chad one of the most underdeveloped countries in the world. Its economy is hobbled by political turmoil, conflict with Libya, drought, and food shortages. Consequently the economy has shown little progress in recent years in overcoming a severe setback brought on by civil war in the late 1980s. More than 80% of the work force is involved in subsistence farming and fishing. Cotton is the major cash crop, accounting for at least half of exports. Chad is highly dependent on foreign aid, especially food credits, given chronic shortages in several regions. Of all the Francophone countries in Africa, Chad has benefited the least from the 50% devaluation of their currencies on 12 January 1994. Despite an increase in external financial aid and favorable price increases for cotton - the primary source of foreign exchange - the corrupt and enfeebled government bureaucracy continues to dampen economic enterprise by neglecting payments to domestic suppliers and public sector salaries. Oil production in the Lake Chad area remains a distant prospect and the subsistence-driven economy probably will continue to limp along in the near term." );; line 22540 (wfb::source-text national_product chad "GDP - purchasing power parity - $2.8 billion (1993 est.)" );; line 22560 (wfb::source-text national_product_real_growth_rate chad "3.5% (1993 est.)" );; line 22564 (wfb::source-text national_product_per_capita chad "$530 (1993 est.)" );; line 22568 (wfb::source-text |Inflation rate (consumer prices)| chad "-4.1% (1992)" );; line 22572 (wfb::source-text unemployment_rate chad "NA%" );; line 22576 (wfb::source-text budget chad revenues "$120 million" );; line 22581 (wfb::source-text budget chad expenditures "$363 million, including capital expenditures of $104 million (1992 est.)" );; line 22583 (wfb::source-text exports chad "$190 million (f.o.b., 1992)" );; line 22588 (wfb::source-text exports chad commodities "cotton 48%, cattle 35%, textiles 5%, fish" );; line 22590 (wfb::source-text exports chad partners "France, Nigeria, Cameroon" );; line 22592 (wfb::source-text imports chad "$261 million (f.o.b., 1992)" );; line 22596 (wfb::source-text imports chad commodities "machinery and transportation equipment 39%, industrial goods 20%, petroleum products 13%, foodstuffs 9%; note - excludes military equipment" );; line 22598 (wfb::source-text imports chad partners "US, France, Nigeria, Cameroon" );; line 22601 (wfb::source-text external_debt chad "$492 million (December 1990 est.)" );; line 22605 (wfb::source-text industrial_production chad "growth rate 2.7% (1992 est.); accounts for nearly 15% of GDP" );; line 22609 (wfb::source-text electricity chad capacity "40,000 kW" );; line 22614 (wfb::source-text electricity chad production "80 million kWh" );; line 22616 (wfb::source-text electricity chad consumption_per_capita "13 kWh (1993)" );; line 22618 (wfb::source-text industry chad "cotton textile mills, slaughterhouses, brewery, natron (sodium carbonate), soap, cigarettes" );; line 22622 (wfb::source-text agriculture chad "accounts for about 45% of GDP; largely subsistence farming; cotton most important cash crop; food crops include sorghum, millet, peanuts, rice, potatoes, manioc; livestock - cattle, sheep, goats, camels; self-sufficient in food in years of adequate rainfall" );; line 22627 (wfb::source-text economic_aid chad recipient "US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-89), $198 million; Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-89), $1.5 billion; OPEC bilateral aid (1979-89), $28 million; Communist countries (1970-89), $80 million" );; line 22635 (wfb::source-text currency chad "1 CFA franc (CFAF) = 100 centimes" );; line 22642 (wfb::source-text exchange_rates chad "Communaute Financiere Africaine Francs (CFAF) per US$1 - 529.43 (January 1995), 555.20 (1994), 283.16 (1993), 264.69 (1992), 282.11 (1991), 272.26 (1990)" );; line 22646 (wfb::source-text fiscal_year chad "calendar year" );; line 22655 (wfb::source-text railroads chad "0 km" );; line 22660 (wfb::source-text highways chad total "31,322 km" );; line 22665 (wfb::source-text highways chad paved "bituminous 263 km" );; line 22667 (wfb::source-text highways chad unpaved "gravel, crushed stone 7,069 km; earth 23,990 km" );; line 22669 (wfb::source-text inland_waterways chad "2,000 km navigable" );; line 22673 (wfb::source-text port chad "none" );; line 22677 (wfb::source-text airports chad total "66" );; line 22682 (wfb::source-text airports chad |with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m| "3" );; line 22684 (wfb::source-text airports chad |with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m| "1" );; line 22686 (wfb::source-text airports chad with_paved_runways_under_914_m "23" );; line 22688 (wfb::source-text airports chad |with unpaved runways over 3,047 m| "1" );; line 22690 (wfb::source-text airports chad |with unpaved runways 1,524 to 2,438 m| "17" );; line 22692 (wfb::source-text airports chad |with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m| "21" );; line 22694 (wfb::source-text telephone_system chad "NA telephones; primitive system" );; line 22699 (wfb::source-text telephone_system chad local "NA" );; line 22701 (wfb::source-text telephone_system chad intercity "fair system of radio communication stations for intercity links" );; line 22703 (wfb::source-text telephone_system chad international "1 INTELSAT (Atlantic Ocean) earth station" );; line 22705 (wfb::source-text radio chad broadcast_stations "AM 6, FM 1, shortwave 0" );; line 22710 (wfb::source-text radio chad radios "NA" );; line 22712 (wfb::source-text television chad broadcast_stations "NA; note - limited TV service; many facilties are inoperative" );; line 22717 (wfb::source-text television chad televisions "NA" );; line 22719 (wfb::source-text defense_branch chad "Armed Forces (includes Ground Force, Air Force, and Gendarmerie), Republican Guard, Police" );; line 22725 (wfb::source-text manpower_availability chad "males age 15-49 1,307,210; males fit for military service 679,640; males reach military age (20) annually 54,945 (1995 est.)" );; line 22730 (wfb::source-text defense_expenditures chad "exchange rate conversion - $74 million, 11.1% of GDP (1994)" );; line 22735 (wfb::source-text location chile "Southern South America, bordering the South Atlantic Ocean and South Pacific Ocean, between Argentina and Peru" );; line 22745 (wfb::source-text map_references chile "South America" );; line 22750 (wfb::source-text area chile total_area "756,950 sq km" );; line 22755 (wfb::source-text area chile land_area "748,800 sq km" );; line 22757 (wfb::source-text area chile comparative_area "slightly smaller than twice the size of Montana" );; line 22759 (wfb::source-text borders chile "total 6,171 km, Argentina 5,150 km, Bolivia 861 km, Peru 160 km" );; line 22765 (wfb::source-text coastline chile "6,435 km" );; line 22769 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims chile contiguous_zone "24 nm" );; line 22774 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims chile continental_shelf "200 nm" );; line 22776 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims chile exclusive_economic_zone "200 nm" );; line 22778 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims chile territorial_sea "12 nm" );; line 22780 (wfb::source-text international_disputes chile "short section of the southern boundary with Argentina is indefinite; Bolivia has wanted a sovereign corridor to the South Pacific Ocean since the Atacama area was lost to Chile in 1884; dispute with Bolivia over Rio Lauca water rights; territorial claim in Antarctica (Chilean Antarctic Territory) partially overlaps Argentine and British claims" );; line 22784 (wfb::source-text climate chile "temperate; desert in north; cool and damp in south" );; line 22792 (wfb::source-text terrain chile "low coastal mountains; fertile central valley; rugged Andes in east" );; line 22796 (wfb::source-text natural-resource chile "copper, timber, iron ore, nitrates, precious metals, molybdenum" );; line 22801 (wfb::source-text land_use chile arable_land "7%" );; line 22806 (wfb::source-text land_use chile permanent_crops "0%" );; line 22808 (wfb::source-text land_use chile meadows_and_pastures "16%" );; line 22810 (wfb::source-text land_use chile forest_and_woodland "21%" );; line 22812 (wfb::source-text land_use chile other "56%" );; line 22814 (wfb::source-text irrigated_land chile "12,650 sq km (1989 est.)" );; line 22818 (wfb::source-text environment chile current_issues "air pollution from industrial and vehicle emissions; water pollution from raw sewage; deforestation contributing to loss of biodiversity; soil erosion; desertification" );; line 22823 (wfb::source-text environment chile natural_hazards "severe earthquakes; active volcanism; tsunamis" );; line 22827 (wfb::source-text environment chile international_agreements "party to - Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Marine Dumping, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands, Whaling; signed, but not ratified - Law of the Sea" );; line 22829 (wfb::source-text note chile "strategic location relative to sea lanes between Atlantic and Pacific Oceans (Strait of Magellan, Beagle Channel, Drake Passage); Atacama Desert one of world's driest regions" );; line 22836 (wfb::source-text population chile "14,161,216 (July 1995 est.)" );; line 22844 (wfb::source-text age_structure chile 0-14_years "29% (female 2,014,877; male 2,099,450)" );; line 22849 (wfb::source-text age_structure chile 15-64_years "64% (female 4,574,947; male 4,529,251)" );; line 22851 (wfb::source-text age_structure chile 65_years_and_over "7% (female 549,385; male 393,306) (July 1995 est.)" );; line 22853 (wfb::source-text population_growth_rate chile "1.49% (1995 est.)" );; line 22857 (wfb::source-text birth_rate chile "20.29 births/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 22861 (wfb::source-text death_rate chile "5.42 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 22865 (wfb::source-text net_migration_rate chile "0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 22869 (wfb::source-text infant_mortality_rate chile "14.3 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.)" );; line 22873 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth chile total_population "74.88 years" );; line 22878 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth chile male "71.89 years" );; line 22880 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth chile female "78.01 years (1995 est.)" );; line 22882 (wfb::source-text total_fertility_rate chile "2.49 children born/woman (1995 est.)" );; line 22886 (wfb::source-text nationality chile noun "Chilean(s)" );; line 22891 (wfb::source-text nationality chile adjective "Chilean" );; line 22893 (wfb::source-text ethnic-entity chile "European and European-Indian 95%, Indian 3%, other 2%" );; line 22897 (wfb::source-text religion chile "Roman Catholic 89%, Protestant 11%, Jewish" );; line 22901 (wfb::source-text language chile "Spanish" );; line 22905 (wfb::source-text literacy chile "age 15 and over can read and write (1992)" );; line 22909 (wfb::source-text literacy chile total_population "94%" );; line 22911 (wfb::source-text literacy chile male "95%" );; line 22913 (wfb::source-text literacy chile female "94%" );; line 22915 (wfb::source-text total_labor_force chile "4.728 million" );; line 22919 (wfb::source-text labor_force_by_occupation chile by_occupation "services 38.3% (includes government 12%), industry and commerce 33.8%, agriculture, forestry, and fishing 19.2%, mining 2.3%, construction 6.4% (1990)" );; line 22921 (wfb::source-text names chile conventional_long_form "Republic of Chile" );; line 22929 (wfb::source-text names chile conventional_short_form "Chile" );; line 22931 (wfb::source-text names chile local_long_form "Republica de Chile" );; line 22933 (wfb::source-text names chile local_short_form "Chile" );; line 22935 (wfb::source-text digraph chile "CI" );; line 22939 (wfb::source-text type chile "republic" );; line 22943 (wfb::source-text capital chile "Santiago" );; line 22947 (wfb::source-text administrative_divisions chile "13 regions (regiones, singular - region); Aisen del General Carlos Ibanez del Campo, Antofagasta, Araucania, Atacama, Bio-Bio, Coquimbo, Libertador General Bernardo O'Higgins, Los Lagos, Magallanes y de la Antartica Chilena, Maule, Region Metropolitana, Tarapaca, Valparaiso" );; line 22951 (wfb::source-text independence chile "18 September 1810 (from Spain)" );; line 22960 (wfb::source-text national_holiday chile "Independence Day, 18 September (1810)" );; line 22964 (wfb::source-text constitution chile "11 September 1980, effective 11 March 1981; amended 30 July 1989" );; line 22968 (wfb::source-text legal_system chile "based on Code of 1857 derived from Spanish law and subsequent codes influenced by French and Austrian law; judicial review of legislative acts in the Supreme Court; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction" );; line 22972 (wfb::source-text suffrage chile "18 years of age; universal and compulsory" );; line 22978 (wfb::source-text executive_branch chile chief_of_state_and_head_of_government "President Eduardo FREI Ruiz-Tagle (since 11 March 1994) election last held 11 December 1993 (next to be held December 1999); results - Eduardo FREI Ruiz-Tagle (PDC) 58%, Arturo ALESSANDRI 24.4%, other 17.6%" );; line 22983 (wfb::source-text executive_branch chile cabinet "Cabinet; appointed by the president" );; line 22987 (wfb::source-text legislative_structure chile "bicameral National Congress (Congreso Nacional)" );; line 22991 (wfb::source-text legislative_branch chile |Senate (Senado)| "election last held 11 December 1993 (next to be held December 1997); results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (46 total, 38 elected) Concertation of Parties for Democracy 21 (PDC 13, PS 4, PPD 3, PR 1), Union for the Progress of Chile 15 (RN 11, UDI 3, UCC 1), right-wing independents 10" );; line 22993 (wfb::source-text legislative_branch chile |Chamber of Deputies (Camara de Diputados)| "election last held 11 December 1993 (next to be held December 1997); results - Concertation of Parties for Democracy 53.95% (PDC 27.16%, PS 12.01%, PPD 11.82%, PR 2.96%,); Union for the Progress of Chile 30.57% (RN 15.25%, UDI 12.13%, UCC 3.19%); seats - (120 total) Concertation of Parties for Democracy 70 (PDC 37, PPD 15, PR 2, PS 15, left-wing independent 1), Union for the Progress of Chile 47 (RN 30, UDI 15, UCC 2), right-wing independents 3" );; line 22998 (wfb::source-text judicial_branch chile "Supreme Court (Corte Suprema)" );; line 23007 (wfb::source-text political_parties_and_leaders chile "Concertation of Parties for Democracy consists mainly of three parties: Christian Democratic Party (PDC), Alejandro FOXLEY; Socialist Party (PS), Camilo ESCALONA; Party for Democracy (PPD), Jorge SCHAULSOHN; Radical Party (PR); Union for the Progress of Chile consists mainly of three parties: National Renewal (RN), Andres ALLAMAND; Independent Democratic Union (UDI), Jovino NOVOA; Center Center Union (UCC), Francisco Javier ERRAZURIZ" );; line 23011 (wfb::source-text other_political_or_pressure_groups chile "revitalized university student federations at all major universities; labor - United Labor Central (CUT) includes trade unionists from the country's five largest labor confederations; Roman Catholic Church" );; line 23020 (wfb::source-text member_of chile "APEC, CCC, ECLAC, FAO, G-11, G-77, GATT, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, INMARSAT, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, LAES, LAIA, NAM, OAS, ONUSAL, OPANAL, PCA, RG, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNMOGIP, UNTSO, UNU, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO" );; line 23026 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us chile chief_of_mission "Ambassador Gabriel GUERRA-MONDRAGON" );; line 23035 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us chile chancery "1732 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20036" );; line 23037 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us chile telephone "[1] (202) 785-1746" );; line 23039 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us chile fax "[1] (202) 887-5579" );; line 23041 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us chile |consulate(s) general| "Chicago, Houston, Los Angeles, Miami, New York, Philadelphia, San Francisco, and San Juan (Puerto Rico)" );; line 23043 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation chile chief_of_mission "Ambassador Gabriel GUERRA-MONDRAGON" );; line 23049 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation chile embassy "Codina Building, 1343 Agustinas, Santiago" );; line 23051 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation chile mailing_address "Unit 4127, Santiago; APO AA 34033" );; line 23053 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation chile telephone "[56] (2) 232-2600" );; line 23055 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation chile fax "[56] (2) 330-3710" );; line 23057 (wfb::source-text flag chile "two equal horizontal bands of white (top) and red; there is a blue square the same height as the white band at the hoist-side end of the white band; the square bears a white five-pointed star in the center; design was based on the US flag" );; line 23061 (wfb::source-text overview chile "Chile has a prosperous, essentially free market economy, with the degree of government intervention varying according to the philosophy of the different regimes. Under the center-left government of President AYLWIN, which took power in March 1990, spending on social welfare rose steadily. At the same time business investment, exports, and consumer spending also grew substantially. The new president, FREI, who took office in March 1994, has emphasized social spending even more. Growth in 1991-94 has averaged 6.5% annually, with an estimated one million Chileans having moved out of poverty in the last four years. Copper remains vital to the health of the economy; Chile is the world's largest producer and exporter of copper. Success in meeting the government's goal of sustained annual growth of 5% depends on world copper prices, the level of confidence of foreign investors and creditors, and the government's own ability to maintain a conservative fiscal stance." );; line 23069 (wfb::source-text national_product chile "GDP - purchasing power parity - $97.7 billion (1994 est.)" );; line 23085 (wfb::source-text national_product_real_growth_rate chile "4.3% (1994 est.)" );; line 23089 (wfb::source-text national_product_per_capita chile "$7,010 (1994 est.)" );; line 23093 (wfb::source-text |Inflation rate (consumer prices)| chile "8.7% (1994 est.)" );; line 23097 (wfb::source-text unemployment_rate chile "6% (1994 est.)" );; line 23101 (wfb::source-text budget chile revenues "$10.9 billion" );; line 23106 (wfb::source-text budget chile expenditures "$10.9 billion, including capital expenditures of $1.2 billion (1993)" );; line 23108 (wfb::source-text exports chile "$11.5 billion (f.o.b., 1994)" );; line 23113 (wfb::source-text exports chile commodities "copper 41%, other metals and minerals 8.7%, wood products 7.1%, fish and fishmeal 9.8%, fruits 8.4% (1991)" );; line 23115 (wfb::source-text exports chile partners "EC 29%, Japan 17%, US 16%, Argentina 5%, Brazil 5% (1992)" );; line 23118 (wfb::source-text imports chile "$10.9 billion (f.o.b., 1994)" );; line 23122 (wfb::source-text imports chile commodities "capital goods 25.2%, spare parts 24.8%, raw materials 15.4%, petroleum 10%, foodstuffs 5.7%" );; line 23124 (wfb::source-text imports chile partners "EC 24%, US 21%, Brazil 10%, Japan 10% (1992)" );; line 23127 (wfb::source-text external_debt chile "$20 billion (1994 est.)" );; line 23131 (wfb::source-text industrial_production chile "growth rate 4.3% (1993 est.); accounts for 34% of GDP" );; line 23135 (wfb::source-text electricity chile capacity "4,810,000 kW" );; line 23140 (wfb::source-text electricity chile production "22 billion kWh" );; line 23142 (wfb::source-text electricity chile consumption_per_capita "1,499 kWh (1993)" );; line 23144 (wfb::source-text industry chile "copper, other minerals, foodstuffs, fish processing, iron and steel, wood and wood products, transport equipment, cement, textiles" );; line 23148 (wfb::source-text agriculture chile "accounts for about 7% of GDP (including fishing and forestry); major exporter of fruit, fish, and timber products; major crops - wheat, corn, grapes, beans, sugar beets, potatoes, deciduous fruit; livestock products - beef, poultry, wool; self-sufficient in most foods; 1991 fish catch of 6.6 million metric tons; net agricultural importer" );; line 23153 (wfb::source-text illicit_drugs chile "a minor transshipment country for cocaine destined for the US and Europe; booming economy has made it more attractive to traffickers seeking to launder drug profits" );; line 23161 (wfb::source-text economic_aid chile recipient "US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-89), $521 million; Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-89), $1.6 billion; Communist countries (1970-89), $386 million" );; line 23168 (wfb::source-text currency chile "1 Chilean peso (Ch$) = 100 centavos" );; line 23174 (wfb::source-text exchange_rates chile "Chilean pesos (Ch$) per US$1 - 408 (January 1995), 420.08 (1994), 404.35 (1993), 362.59 (1992), 349.37 (1991), 305.06 (1990)" );; line 23178 (wfb::source-text fiscal_year chile "calendar year" );; line 23183 (wfb::source-text railroads chile total "7,766 km" );; line 23189 (wfb::source-text railroads chile broad_gauge "3,974 km 1.676-m gauge (1,865 km electrified)" );; line 23191 (wfb::source-text railroads chile standard_gauge "150 km 1.435-m gauge" );; line 23193 (wfb::source-text railroads chile narrow_gauge "3,642 km 1.000-m gauge (80 km electrified)" );; line 23195 (wfb::source-text highways chile total "79,599 km" );; line 23200 (wfb::source-text highways chile paved "10,984 km" );; line 23202 (wfb::source-text highways chile unpaved "gravel or earth 68,615 km (1990)" );; line 23204 (wfb::source-text inland_waterways chile "725 km" );; line 23208 (wfb::source-text pipelines chile "crude oil 755 km; petroleum products 785 km; natural gas 320 km" );; line 23212 (wfb::source-text port chile "Antofagasta, Arica, Chanarol, Coquimbo, Iquique, Puerto Montt, Punta Arenas, San Antonio, San Vicente, Talcahuano, Valparaiso" );; line 23216 (wfb::source-text merchant_marine chile total "36 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 510,006 GRT/879,891 DWT" );; line 23222 (wfb::source-text merchant_marine chile ships_by_type "bulk 13, cargo 7, chemical tanker 3, combination ore/oil 2, liquefied gas tanker 3, oil tanker 3, roll-on/roll-off cargo 3, vehicle carrier 2" );; line 23224 (wfb::source-text airports chile total "390" );; line 23231 (wfb::source-text airports chile |with paved runways over 3,047 m| "5" );; line 23233 (wfb::source-text airports chile |with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m| "5" );; line 23235 (wfb::source-text airports chile |with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m| "18" );; line 23237 (wfb::source-text airports chile |with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m| "17" );; line 23239 (wfb::source-text airports chile with_paved_runways_under_914_m "252" );; line 23241 (wfb::source-text airports chile |with unpaved runways over 3,047 m| "1" );; line 23243 (wfb::source-text airports chile |with unpaved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m| "3" );; line 23245 (wfb::source-text airports chile |with unpaved runways 1,524 to 2,438 m| "13" );; line 23247 (wfb::source-text airports chile |with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m| "76" );; line 23249 (wfb::source-text telephone_system chile "768,000 telephones; modern telephone system based on extensive microwave radio relay facilities" );; line 23254 (wfb::source-text telephone_system chile local "NA" );; line 23257 (wfb::source-text telephone_system chile intercity "extensive microwave radio relay links and 3 domestic satellite stations" );; line 23259 (wfb::source-text telephone_system chile international "2 INTELSAT (Atlantic Ocean) earth stations" );; line 23262 (wfb::source-text radio chile broadcast_stations "AM 159, FM 0, shortwave 11" );; line 23267 (wfb::source-text radio chile radios "NA" );; line 23269 (wfb::source-text television chile broadcast_stations "131" );; line 23274 (wfb::source-text television chile televisions "NA" );; line 23276 (wfb::source-text defense_branch chile "Army of the Nation, National Navy (includes Naval Air, Coast Guard, and Marines), Air Force of the Nation, Carabineros of Chile (National Police), Investigations Police" );; line 23282 (wfb::source-text manpower_availability chile "males age 15-49 3,758,770; males fit for military service 2,796,740; males reach military age (19) annually 121,831 (1995 est.)" );; line 23288 (wfb::source-text defense_expenditures chile "exchange rate conversion - $1 billion, 3.4% of GDP (1991 est.)" );; line 23293 (wfb::source-text location china "Eastern Asia, bordering the East China Sea, Korea Bay, Yellow Sea, and South China Sea, between North Korea and Vietnam" );; line 23304 (wfb::source-text map_references china "Asia" );; line 23309 (wfb::source-text area china total_area "9,596,960 sq km" );; line 23314 (wfb::source-text area china land_area "9,326,410 sq km" );; line 23316 (wfb::source-text area china comparative_area "slightly larger than the US" );; line 23318 (wfb::source-text borders china "total 22,143.34 km, Afghanistan 76 km, Bhutan 470 km, Burma 2,185 km, Hong Kong 30 km, India 3,380 km, Kazakhstan 1,533 km, North Korea 1,416 km, Kyrgyzstan 858 km, Laos 423 km, Macau 0.34 km, Mongolia 4,673 km, Nepal 1,236 km, Pakistan 523 km, Russia (northeast) 3,605 km, Russia (northwest) 40 km, Tajikistan 414 km, Vietnam 1,281 km" );; line 23322 (wfb::source-text coastline china "14,500 km" );; line 23330 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims china continental_shelf "claim to shallow areas of East China Sea and Yellow Sea" );; line 23335 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims china territorial_sea "12 nm" );; line 23337 (wfb::source-text international_disputes china "boundary with India in dispute; disputed sections of the boundary with Russia remain to be settled; boundary with Tajikistan in dispute; a short section of the boundary with North Korea is indefinite; involved in a complex dispute over the Spratly Islands with Malaysia, Philippines, Taiwan, Vietnam, and possibly Brunei; maritime boundary dispute with Vietnam in the Gulf of Tonkin; Paracel Islands occupied by China, but claimed by Vietnam and Taiwan; claims Japanese-administered Senkaku-shoto (Senkaku Islands/Diaoyu Tai), as does Taiwan" );; line 23341 (wfb::source-text climate china "extremely diverse; tropical in south to subarctic in north" );; line 23352 (wfb::source-text terrain china "mostly mountains, high plateaus, deserts in west; plains, deltas, and hills in east" );; line 23356 (wfb::source-text natural-resource china "coal, iron ore, petroleum, mercury, tin, tungsten, antimony, manganese, molybdenum, vanadium, magnetite, aluminum, lead, zinc, uranium, hydropower potential (world's largest)" );; line 23361 (wfb::source-text land_use china arable_land "10%" );; line 23368 (wfb::source-text land_use china permanent_crops "0%" );; line 23370 (wfb::source-text land_use china meadows_and_pastures "31%" );; line 23372 (wfb::source-text land_use china forest_and_woodland "14%" );; line 23374 (wfb::source-text land_use china other "45%" );; line 23376 (wfb::source-text irrigated_land china "478,220 sq km (1991 - Chinese data)" );; line 23380 (wfb::source-text environment china current_issues "air pollution from the overwhelming use of high-sulfur coal as a fuel, produces acid rain which is damaging forests; water shortages experienced throughout the country, particularly in urban areas; future growth in water usage threatens to outpace supplies; water pollution from industrial effluents; much of the population does not have access to potable water; less than 10% of sewage receives treatment; deforestation; estimated loss of one-fifth of agricultural land since 1957 to soil erosion and economic development; desertification; trade in endangered species" );; line 23385 (wfb::source-text environment china natural_hazards "frequent typhoons (about five per year along southern and eastern coasts); damaging floods; tsunamis; earthquakes; droughts" );; line 23394 (wfb::source-text environment china international_agreements "party to - Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Marine Dumping, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Wetlands, Whaling; signed, but not ratified - Desertification, Law of the Sea" );; line 23397 (wfb::source-text note china "world's third-largest country (after Russia and Canada)" );; line 23404 (wfb::source-text population china "1,203,097,268 (July 1995 est.)" );; line 23410 (wfb::source-text age_structure china 0-14_years "26% (female 151,266,866; male 167,234,782)" );; line 23415 (wfb::source-text age_structure china 15-64_years "67% (female 391,917,572; male 419,103,994)" );; line 23417 (wfb::source-text age_structure china 65_years_and_over "7% (female 39,591,692; male 33,982,362) (July 1995 est.)" );; line 23419 (wfb::source-text population_growth_rate china "1.04% (1995 est.)" );; line 23423 (wfb::source-text birth_rate china "17.78 births/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 23427 (wfb::source-text death_rate china "7.36 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 23431 (wfb::source-text net_migration_rate china "0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 23435 (wfb::source-text infant_mortality_rate china "52.1 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.)" );; line 23439 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth china total_population "68.08 years" );; line 23444 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth china male "67.09 years" );; line 23446 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth china female "69.18 years (1995 est.)" );; line 23448 (wfb::source-text total_fertility_rate china "1.84 children born/woman (1995 est.)" );; line 23452 (wfb::source-text nationality china noun "Chinese (singular and plural)" );; line 23457 (wfb::source-text nationality china adjective "Chinese" );; line 23459 (wfb::source-text ethnic-entity china "Han Chinese 91.9%, Zhuang, Uygur, Hui, Yi, Tibetan, Miao, Manchu, Mongol, Buyi, Korean, and other nationalities 8.1%" );; line 23463 (wfb::source-text religion china "Daoism (Taoism), Buddhism, Muslim 2%-3%, Christian 1% (est.)" );; line 23468 (wfb::source-text language china "Standard Chinese or Mandarin (Putonghua, based on the Beijing dialect), Yue (Cantonese), Wu (Shanghainese), Minbei (Fuzhou), Minnan (Hokkien-Taiwanese), Xiang, Gan, Hakka dialects, minority languages (see Ethnic divisions entry)" );; line 23474 (wfb::source-text literacy china "age 15 and over can read and write (1990)" );; line 23481 (wfb::source-text literacy china total_population "78%" );; line 23483 (wfb::source-text literacy china male "87%" );; line 23485 (wfb::source-text literacy china female "68%" );; line 23487 (wfb::source-text total_labor_force china "583.6 million (1991)" );; line 23491 (wfb::source-text labor_force_by_occupation china by_occupation "agriculture and forestry 60%, industry and commerce 25%, construction and mining 5%, social services 5%, other 5% (1990 est.)" );; line 23493 (wfb::source-text names china conventional_long_form "People's Republic of China" );; line 23500 (wfb::source-text names china conventional_short_form "China" );; line 23502 (wfb::source-text names china local_long_form "Zhonghua Renmin Gongheguo" );; line 23504 (wfb::source-text names china local_short_form "Zhong Guo" );; line 23506 (wfb::source-text abbreviation china "PRC" );; line 23510 (wfb::source-text digraph china "CH" );; line 23514 (wfb::source-text type china "Communist state" );; line 23518 (wfb::source-text capital china "Beijing" );; line 23522 (wfb::source-text administrative_divisions china "23 provinces (sheng, singular and plural), 5 autonomous regions* (zizhiqu, singular and plural), and 3 municipalities** (shi, singular and plural); Anhui, Beijing**, Fujian, Gansu, Guangdong, Guangxi*, Guizhou, Hainan, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Mongol*, Ningxia*, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanghai**, Shanxi, Sichuan, Tianjin**, Xinjiang*, Xizang* (Tibet), Yunnan, Zhejiang" );; line 23526 (wfb::source-text independence china "221 BC (unification under the Qin or Ch'in Dynasty 221 BC; Qing or Ch'ing Dynasty replaced by the Republic on 12 February 1912; People's Republic established 1 October 1949)" );; line 23537 (wfb::source-text national_holiday china "National Day, 1 October (1949)" );; line 23543 (wfb::source-text constitution china "most recent promulgated 4 December 1982" );; line 23547 (wfb::source-text legal_system china "a complex amalgam of custom and statute, largely criminal law; rudimentary civil code in effect since 1 January 1987; new legal codes in effect since 1 January 1980; continuing efforts are being made to improve civil, administrative, criminal, and commercial law" );; line 23551 (wfb::source-text suffrage china "18 years of age; universal" );; line 23558 (wfb::source-text executive_branch china chief_of_state "President JIANG Zemin (since 27 March 1993); Vice President RONG Yiren (since 27 March 1993); election last held 27 March 1993 (next to be held 1998); results - JIANG Zemin was nominally elected by the Eighth National People's Congress" );; line 23563 (wfb::source-text executive_branch china head_of_government "Premier LI Peng (Acting Premier since 24 November 1987, Premier since 9 April 1988) Vice Premier ZHU Rongji (since 8 April 1991); Vice Premier ZOU Jiahua (since 8 April 1991); Vice Premier QIAN Qichen (since 29 March 1993); Vice Premier LI Lanqing (29 March 1993); Vice Premier WU Bangguo (since 17 March 1995); Vice Premier JIANG Chunyun (since 17 March 1995)" );; line 23568 (wfb::source-text executive_branch china cabinet "State Council; appointed by the National People's Congress (NPC)" );; line 23574 (wfb::source-text legislative_structure china "unicameral" );; line 23578 (wfb::source-text legislative_branch china |National People's Congress| "(Quanguo Renmin Daibiao Dahui) elections last held March 1993 (next to be held March 1998); results - CCP is the only party but there are also independents; seats - (2,977 total) (elected at county or xian level)" );; line 23580 (wfb::source-text judicial_branch china "Supreme People's Court" );; line 23586 (wfb::source-text political_parties_and_leaders china "Chinese Communist Party (CCP), JIANG Zemin, general secretary of the Central Committee (since 24 June 1989); eight registered small parties controlled by CCP" );; line 23590 (wfb::source-text other_political_or_pressure_groups china "such meaningful opposition as exists consists of loose coalitions, usually within the party and government organization, that vary by issue" );; line 23596 (wfb::source-text member_of china "AfDB, APEC, AsDB, CCC, ESCAP, FAO, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, INMARSAT, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, ISO, ITU, MINURSO, NAM (observer), PCA, UN, UN Security Council, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIKOM, UNITAR, UNOMIL, UNOMOZ, UNTSO, UNU, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO" );; line 23601 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us china chief_of_mission "Ambassador LI Daoyu" );; line 23610 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us china chancery "2300 Connecticut Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008" );; line 23612 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us china telephone "[1] (202) 328-2500 through 2502" );; line 23614 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us china |consulate(s) general| "Chicago, Houston, Los Angeles, New York, and San Francisco" );; line 23616 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation china chief_of_mission "Ambassador J. Stapleton ROY" );; line 23621 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation china embassy "Xiu Shui Bei Jie 3, 100600 Beijing" );; line 23623 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation china mailing_address "PSC 461, Box 50, Beijing; FPO AP 96521-0002" );; line 23625 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation china telephone "[86] (1) 5323831" );; line 23627 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation china fax "[86] (1) 5323178" );; line 23629 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation china |consulate(s) general| "Chengdu, Guangzhou, Shanghai, Shenyang" );; line 23631 (wfb::source-text flag china "red with a large yellow five-pointed star and four smaller yellow five-pointed stars (arranged in a vertical arc toward the middle of the flag) in the upper hoist-side corner" );; line 23635 (wfb::source-text overview china "Beginning in late 1978 the Chinese leadership has been trying to move the economy from the sluggish Soviet-style centrally planned economy to a more productive and flexible economy with market elements, but still within the framework of monolithic Communist control. To this end the authorities switched to a system of household responsibility in agriculture in place of the old collectivization, increased the authority of local officials and plant managers in industry, permitted a wide variety of small-scale enterprise in services and light manufacturing, and opened the economy to increased foreign trade and investment. The result has been a strong surge in production, particularly in agriculture in the early 1980s. Industry also has posted major gains, especially in coastal areas near Hong Kong and opposite Taiwan, where foreign investment and modern production methods have helped spur production of both domestic and export goods. Aggregate output has more than doubled since 1978. On the darker side, the leadership has often experienced in its hybrid system the worst results of socialism (bureaucracy, lassitude, corruption) and of capitalism (windfall gains and stepped-up inflation). Beijing thus has periodically backtracked, retightening central controls at intervals. In 1992-94 annual growth of GDP accelerated, particularly in the coastal areas - to more than 10% annually according to official claims. In late 1993 China's leadership approved additional long-term reforms aimed at giving more play to market-oriented institutions and at strengthening the center's control over the financial system. In 1994 strong growth continued in the widening market-oriented areas of the economy. At the same time, the government struggled to (a) collect revenues due from provinces, businesses, and individuals; (b) keep inflation within bounds; (c) reduce extortion and other economic crimes; and (d) keep afloat the large state-owned enterprises, most of which had not participated in the vigorous expansion of the economy. From 60 to 100 million surplus rural workers are adrift between the villages and the cities, many barely subsisting through part-time low-pay jobs. Popular resistance, changes in central policy, and loss of authority by rural cadres have weakened China's population control program, which is essential to the nation's long-term economic viability. One of the most dangerous long-term threats to continued rapid economic growth is the deterioration in the environment, notably air pollution, soil erosion, and the steady fall of the water table especially in the north." );; line 23642 (wfb::source-text national_product china "GDP - purchasing power parity - $2.9788 trillion (1994 estimate as extrapolated from World Bank estimate for 1992 by use of official Chinese growth statistics for 1993-94; because of the difficulties with official statistics in this time of rapid change, the result may overstate China's GDP by as much as 25%)" );; line 23680 (wfb::source-text national_product_real_growth_rate china "11.8% (1994 est.)" );; line 23688 (wfb::source-text national_product_per_capita china "$2,500 (1994 est.)" );; line 23692 (wfb::source-text |Inflation rate (consumer prices)| china "25.5% (December 1994 over December 1993)" );; line 23696 (wfb::source-text unemployment_rate china "2.7% in urban areas (1994); substantial underemployment" );; line 23700 (wfb::source-text budget china "deficit $13.7 billion (1994)" );; line 23704 (wfb::source-text exports china "$121 billion (f.o.b., 1994)" );; line 23708 (wfb::source-text exports china commodities "textiles, garments, footwear, toys, machinery and equipment, weapon systems" );; line 23710 (wfb::source-text exports china partners "Hong Kong, Japan, US, Germany, South Korea, Russia (1993)" );; line 23713 (wfb::source-text imports china "$115.7 billion (c.i.f., 1994)" );; line 23717 (wfb::source-text imports china commodities "rolled steel, motor vehicles, textile machinery, oil products, aircraft" );; line 23719 (wfb::source-text imports china partners "Japan, Taiwan, US, Hong Kong, Germany, South Korea (1993)" );; line 23722 (wfb::source-text external_debt china "$100 billion (1994 est.)" );; line 23726 (wfb::source-text industrial_production china "growth rate 17.5% (1994 est.)" );; line 23730 (wfb::source-text electricity china capacity "162,000,000 kW" );; line 23735 (wfb::source-text electricity china production "746 billion kWh" );; line 23737 (wfb::source-text electricity china consumption_per_capita "593 kWh (1993)" );; line 23739 (wfb::source-text industry china "iron and steel, coal, machine building, armaments, textiles and apparel, petroleum, cement, chemical fertilizers, consumer durables, food processing, autos, consumer electronics, telecommunications" );; line 23743 (wfb::source-text agriculture china "accounts for almost 30% of GDP; among the world's largest producers of rice, potatoes, sorghum, peanuts, tea, millet, barley, and pork; commercial crops include cotton, other fibers, and oilseeds; produces variety of livestock products; basically self-sufficient in food; fish catch of 13.35 million metric tons (including fresh water and pond raised) (1991)" );; line 23749 (wfb::source-text illicit_drugs china "illicit producer of opium; bulk of production is in Yunnan Province (which produced 25 metric tons in 1994); transshipment point for heroin produced in the Golden Triangle" );; line 23757 (wfb::source-text economic_aid china donor "to less developed countries (1970-89) $7 billion" );; line 23764 (wfb::source-text economic_aid china recipient "US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-87), $220.7 million; Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-87), $13.5 billion" );; line 23766 (wfb::source-text currency china "1 yuan (Y) = 10 jiao" );; line 23772 (wfb::source-text exchange_rates china "yuan (Y) per US$1 - 8.4413 (January 1995), 8.6187 (1994), 5.7620 (1993), 5.5146 (1992), 5.3234 (1991), 4.7832 (1990)" );; line 23776 (wfb::source-text fiscal_year china "calendar year" );; line 23785 (wfb::source-text railroads china total "65,780 km" );; line 23791 (wfb::source-text railroads china standard_gauge "55,180 km 1.435-m gauge (7,174 km electrified; more than 11,000 km double track)" );; line 23793 (wfb::source-text railroads china narrow_gauge "600 km 1.000-m gauge; 10,000 km 0.762-m to 1.067-m gauge dedicated industrial lines" );; line 23796 (wfb::source-text highways china total "1.029 million km" );; line 23802 (wfb::source-text highways china paved "170,000 km" );; line 23804 (wfb::source-text highways china unpaved "gravel/improved earth 648,000 km; unimproved earth 211,000 km (1990)" );; line 23806 (wfb::source-text inland_waterways china "138,600 km; about 109,800 km navigable" );; line 23811 (wfb::source-text pipelines china "crude oil 9,700 km; petroleum products 1,100 km; natural gas 6,200 km (1990)" );; line 23815 (wfb::source-text port china "Aihui, Changsha, Dalian, Fuzhou, Guangzhou, Hangzhou, Harbin, Huangpu, Nanning, Ningbo, Qingdao, Qinhuangdao, Shanghai, Shantou, Tanggu, Xiamen, Xingang, Zhanjiang" );; line 23820 (wfb::source-text merchant_marine china total "1,628 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 16,013,532 GRT/24,027,766 DWT" );; line 23827 (wfb::source-text merchant_marine china ships_by_type "barge carrier 3, bulk 298, cargo 849, chemical tanker 14, combination bulk 10, container 98, liquefied gas tanker 4, multifunction large load carrier 1, oil tanker 212, passenger 24, passenger-cargo 25, refrigerated cargo 21, roll-on/roll-off cargo 24, short-sea passenger 44, vehicle carrier 1" );; line 23830 (wfb::source-text airports china total "204" );; line 23843 (wfb::source-text airports china |with paved runways over 3,047 m| "17" );; line 23845 (wfb::source-text airports china |with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m| "69" );; line 23847 (wfb::source-text airports china |with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m| "89" );; line 23849 (wfb::source-text airports china |with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m| "9" );; line 23851 (wfb::source-text airports china with_paved_runways_under_914_m "7" );; line 23853 (wfb::source-text airports china |with unpaved runways 1,524 to 2,438 m| "7" );; line 23855 (wfb::source-text airports china |with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m| "3" );; line 23857 (wfb::source-text airports china with_unpaved_runways_under_914_m "3" );; line 23859 (wfb::source-text telephone_system china "20,000,000 telephones (summer 1994); domestic and international services are increasingly available for private use; unevenly distributed internal system serves principal cities, industrial centers, and most townships; expanding phone lines, interprovincial fiber optic links, satellite communications, cellullar/mobile communications, etc." );; line 23864 (wfb::source-text telephone_system china local "NA" );; line 23870 (wfb::source-text telephone_system china intercity "fiber optic trunk lines, 55 earth stations for domestic satellites" );; line 23872 (wfb::source-text telephone_system china international "5 INTELSAT earth stations (4 Pacific Ocean and 1 Indian Ocean) and 1 INMARSAT earth station; several international fiber optic links to Japan and Hong Kong" );; line 23875 (wfb::source-text radio china broadcast_stations "AM 274, FM NA, shortwave 0" );; line 23882 (wfb::source-text radio china radios "215 million" );; line 23884 (wfb::source-text television china broadcast_stations "202 (repeaters 2,050)" );; line 23889 (wfb::source-text television china televisions "75 million" );; line 23891 (wfb::source-text defense_branch china "People's Liberation Army (PLA), which includes the Ground Forces, Navy (includes Marines and Naval Aviation), Air Force, Second Artillery Corps (the strategic missile force), People's Armed Police (internal security troops, nominally subordinate to Ministry of Public Security, but included by the Chinese as part of the \"armed forces\" and considered to be an adjunct to the PLA in war time)" );; line 23897 (wfb::source-text manpower_availability china "males age 15-49 351,330,411; males fit for military service 194,286,619; males reach military age (18) annually 9,841,658 (1995 est.)" );; line 23906 (wfb::source-text defense_expenditures china "defense budget - 63.09 billion yuan, NA% of GDP (1995 est.); note - conversion of the defense budget into US dollars using the current exchange rate could produce misleading results" );; line 23911 (wfb::source-text location christmas_island "Southeastern Asia, island in the Indian Ocean, south of Indonesia" );; line 23923 (wfb::source-text map_references christmas_island "Southeast Asia" );; line 23927 (wfb::source-text area christmas_island total_area "135 sq km" );; line 23932 (wfb::source-text area christmas_island land_area "135 sq km" );; line 23934 (wfb::source-text area christmas_island comparative_area "about 0.8 times the size of Washington, DC" );; line 23936 (wfb::source-text borders christmas_island "0 km" );; line 23940 (wfb::source-text coastline christmas_island "138.9 km" );; line 23944 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims christmas_island contiguous_zone "12 nm" );; line 23949 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims christmas_island exclusive_fishing_zone "200 nm" );; line 23951 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims christmas_island territorial_sea "3 nm" );; line 23953 (wfb::source-text international_disputes christmas_island "none" );; line 23957 (wfb::source-text climate christmas_island "tropical; heat and humidity moderated by trade winds" );; line 23961 (wfb::source-text terrain christmas_island "steep cliffs along coast rise abruptly to central plateau" );; line 23965 (wfb::source-text natural-resource christmas_island "phosphate" );; line 23969 (wfb::source-text land_use christmas_island arable_land "0%" );; line 23974 (wfb::source-text land_use christmas_island permanent_crops "0%" );; line 23976 (wfb::source-text land_use christmas_island meadows_and_pastures "0%" );; line 23978 (wfb::source-text land_use christmas_island forest_and_woodland "0%" );; line 23980 (wfb::source-text land_use christmas_island other "100%" );; line 23982 (wfb::source-text irrigated_land christmas_island "NA sq km" );; line 23986 (wfb::source-text environment christmas_island current_issues "NA" );; line 23991 (wfb::source-text environment christmas_island natural_hazards "almost completely surrounded by a reef which can be a maritime hazard" );; line 23993 (wfb::source-text environment christmas_island international_agreements "NA" );; line 23996 (wfb::source-text note christmas_island "located along major sea lanes of Indian Ocean" );; line 24000 (wfb::source-text population christmas_island "889 (July 1995 est.)" );; line 24006 (wfb::source-text age_structure christmas_island 0-14_years "NA" );; line 24011 (wfb::source-text age_structure christmas_island 15-64_years "NA" );; line 24013 (wfb::source-text age_structure christmas_island 65_years_and_over "NA" );; line 24015 (wfb::source-text population_growth_rate christmas_island "-9% (1995 est.)" );; line 24019 (wfb::source-text birth_rate christmas_island "NA" );; line 24023 (wfb::source-text death_rate christmas_island "NA" );; line 24027 (wfb::source-text net_migration_rate christmas_island "NA" );; line 24031 (wfb::source-text infant_mortality_rate christmas_island "NA" );; line 24035 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth christmas_island total_population "NA" );; line 24040 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth christmas_island male "NA" );; line 24042 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth christmas_island female "NA" );; line 24044 (wfb::source-text total_fertility_rate christmas_island "NA" );; line 24048 (wfb::source-text nationality christmas_island noun "Christmas Islander(s)" );; line 24053 (wfb::source-text nationality christmas_island adjective "Christmas Island" );; line 24055 (wfb::source-text ethnic-entity christmas_island "Chinese 61%, Malay 25%, European 11%, other 3%, no indigenous population" );; line 24059 (wfb::source-text religion christmas_island "Buddhist 36.1%, Muslim 25.4%, Christian 17.7% (Roman Catholic 8.2%, Church of England 3.2%, Presbyterian 0.9%, Uniting Church 0.4%, Methodist 0.2%, Baptist 0.1%, and other 4.7%), none 12.7%, unknown 4.6%, other 3.5% (1981)" );; line 24064 (wfb::source-text language christmas_island "English" );; line 24071 (wfb::source-text total_labor_force christmas_island "NA" );; line 24075 (wfb::source-text labor_force_by_occupation christmas_island by_occupation "all workers are employees of the Phosphate Mining Company of Christmas Island, Ltd." );; line 24077 (wfb::source-text names christmas_island conventional_long_form "Territory of Christmas Island" );; line 24084 (wfb::source-text names christmas_island conventional_short_form "Christmas Island" );; line 24086 (wfb::source-text digraph christmas_island "KT" );; line 24090 (wfb::source-text type christmas_island "territory of Australia" );; line 24094 (wfb::source-text capital christmas_island "The Settlement" );; line 24098 (wfb::source-text administrative_divisions christmas_island "none (territory of Australia)" );; line 24102 (wfb::source-text independence christmas_island "none (territory of Australia)" );; line 24106 (wfb::source-text national_holiday christmas_island "NA" );; line 24110 (wfb::source-text constitution christmas_island "Christmas Island Act of 1958" );; line 24114 (wfb::source-text legal_system christmas_island "under the authority of the governor general of Australia" );; line 24118 (wfb::source-text executive_branch christmas_island chief_of_state "Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952)" );; line 24123 (wfb::source-text executive_branch christmas_island head_of_government "Administrator M. J. GRIMES (since NA)" );; line 24125 (wfb::source-text executive_branch christmas_island cabinet "Advisory Council" );; line 24127 (wfb::source-text legislative_structure christmas_island "none" );; line 24131 (wfb::source-text judicial_branch christmas_island "none" );; line 24135 (wfb::source-text political_parties_and_leaders christmas_island "none" );; line 24139 (wfb::source-text member_of christmas_island "none" );; line 24143 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us christmas_island "none (territory of Australia)" );; line 24147 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation christmas_island "none (territory of Australia)" );; line 24151 (wfb::source-text flag christmas_island "the flag of Australia is used" );; line 24155 (wfb::source-text overview christmas_island "Phosphate mining had been the only significant economic activity, but in December 1987 the Australian Government closed the mine as no longer economically viable. Plans have been under way to reopen the mine and also to build a casino and hotel to develop tourism." );; line 24160 (wfb::source-text national_product christmas_island "GDP $NA" );; line 24167 (wfb::source-text national_product_real_growth_rate christmas_island "NA%" );; line 24171 (wfb::source-text national_product_per_capita christmas_island "$NA" );; line 24175 (wfb::source-text |Inflation rate (consumer prices)| christmas_island "NA%" );; line 24179 (wfb::source-text unemployment_rate christmas_island "NA%" );; line 24183 (wfb::source-text budget christmas_island revenues "$NA" );; line 24188 (wfb::source-text budget christmas_island expenditures "$NA, including capital expenditures of $NA" );; line 24190 (wfb::source-text exports christmas_island "$NA" );; line 24194 (wfb::source-text exports christmas_island commodities "phosphate" );; line 24196 (wfb::source-text exports christmas_island partners "Australia, NZ" );; line 24198 (wfb::source-text imports christmas_island "$NA" );; line 24202 (wfb::source-text imports christmas_island commodities "consumer goods" );; line 24204 (wfb::source-text imports christmas_island partners "principally Australia" );; line 24206 (wfb::source-text external_debt christmas_island "$NA" );; line 24210 (wfb::source-text industrial_production christmas_island "growth rate NA%" );; line 24214 (wfb::source-text electricity christmas_island capacity "11,000 kW" );; line 24219 (wfb::source-text electricity christmas_island production "30 million kWh" );; line 24221 (wfb::source-text electricity christmas_island consumption_per_capita "17,800 kWh (1990)" );; line 24223 (wfb::source-text industry christmas_island "phosphate extraction (near depletion)" );; line 24227 (wfb::source-text agriculture christmas_island "NA" );; line 24231 (wfb::source-text economic_aid christmas_island "none" );; line 24235 (wfb::source-text currency christmas_island "1 Australian dollar ($A) = 100 cents" );; line 24239 (wfb::source-text exchange_rates christmas_island "Australian dollars ($A) per US$1 - 1.3058 (January 1995), 1.3667 (1994), 1.4704, (1993), 1.3600 (1992), 1.2836 (1991), 1.2799 (1990)" );; line 24243 (wfb::source-text fiscal_year christmas_island "1 July - 30 June" );; line 24248 (wfb::source-text railroads christmas_island "0 km" );; line 24253 (wfb::source-text highways christmas_island total "NA km" );; line 24258 (wfb::source-text highways christmas_island paved "NA km" );; line 24260 (wfb::source-text highways christmas_island unpaved "NA km" );; line 24262 (wfb::source-text port christmas_island "Flying Fish Cove" );; line 24266 (wfb::source-text merchant_marine christmas_island "none" );; line 24270 (wfb::source-text airports christmas_island total "1" );; line 24275 (wfb::source-text airports christmas_island |with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m| "1" );; line 24277 (wfb::source-text telephone_system christmas_island "NA telephones" );; line 24282 (wfb::source-text telephone_system christmas_island local "NA" );; line 24284 (wfb::source-text telephone_system christmas_island intercity "NA" );; line 24286 (wfb::source-text telephone_system christmas_island international "NA" );; line 24288 (wfb::source-text radio christmas_island broadcast_stations "AM 1, FM 0, shortwave 0" );; line 24293 (wfb::source-text radio christmas_island radios "NA" );; line 24295 (wfb::source-text television christmas_island broadcast_stations "1" );; line 24300 (wfb::source-text television christmas_island televisions "NA" );; line 24302 (wfb::source-text note christmas_island "defense is the responsibility of Australia" );; line 24308 (wfb::source-text location clipperton_island "Middle America, atoll in the North Pacific Ocean, southwest of Mexico" );; line 24318 (wfb::source-text map_references clipperton_island "World" );; line 24323 (wfb::source-text area clipperton_island total_area "7 sq km" );; line 24328 (wfb::source-text area clipperton_island land_area "7 sq km" );; line 24330 (wfb::source-text area clipperton_island comparative_area "about 12 times the size of The Mall in Washington, DC" );; line 24332 (wfb::source-text borders clipperton_island "0 km" );; line 24336 (wfb::source-text coastline clipperton_island "11.1 km" );; line 24340 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims clipperton_island exclusive_economic_zone "200 nm" );; line 24345 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims clipperton_island territorial_sea "12 nm" );; line 24347 (wfb::source-text international_disputes clipperton_island "claimed by Mexico" );; line 24351 (wfb::source-text climate clipperton_island "tropical" );; line 24355 (wfb::source-text terrain clipperton_island "coral atoll" );; line 24359 (wfb::source-text natural-resource clipperton_island "none" );; line 24363 (wfb::source-text land_use clipperton_island arable_land "0%" );; line 24368 (wfb::source-text land_use clipperton_island permanent_crops "0%" );; line 24370 (wfb::source-text land_use clipperton_island meadows_and_pastures "0%" );; line 24372 (wfb::source-text land_use clipperton_island forest_and_woodland "0%" );; line 24374 (wfb::source-text land_use clipperton_island other "100% (all coral)" );; line 24376 (wfb::source-text irrigated_land clipperton_island "0 sq km" );; line 24380 (wfb::source-text environment clipperton_island current_issues "NA" );; line 24385 (wfb::source-text environment clipperton_island natural_hazards "NA" );; line 24387 (wfb::source-text environment clipperton_island international_agreements "NA" );; line 24389 (wfb::source-text note clipperton_island "reef about 8 km in circumference" );; line 24393 (wfb::source-text population clipperton_island "uninhabited" );; line 24399 (wfb::source-text names clipperton_island conventional_long_form "none" );; line 24405 (wfb::source-text names clipperton_island conventional_short_form "Clipperton Island" );; line 24407 (wfb::source-text names clipperton_island local_long_form "none" );; line 24409 (wfb::source-text names clipperton_island local_short_form "Ile Clipperton" );; line 24411 (wfb::source-text names clipperton_island former "sometimes called Ile de la Passion" );; line 24413 (wfb::source-text digraph clipperton_island "IP" );; line 24417 (wfb::source-text type clipperton_island "French possession administered by France from French Polynesia by High Commissioner of the Republic" );; line 24421 (wfb::source-text capital clipperton_island "none; administered by France from French Polynesia" );; line 24426 (wfb::source-text independence clipperton_island "none (possession of France)" );; line 24430 (wfb::source-text overview clipperton_island "The only economic activity is a tuna fishing station." );; line 24435 (wfb::source-text port clipperton_island "none; offshore anchorage only" );; line 24440 (wfb::source-text note clipperton_island "defense is the responsibility of France" );; line 24450 (wfb::source-text location |Cocos (Keeling) Islands| "Southeastern Asia, group of islands in the Indian Ocean, south of Indonesia, about one-half of the way from Australia to Sri Lanka" );; line 24460 (wfb::source-text map_references |Cocos (Keeling) Islands| "Southeast Asia" );; line 24465 (wfb::source-text area |Cocos (Keeling) Islands| total_area "14 sq km" );; line 24470 (wfb::source-text area |Cocos (Keeling) Islands| land_area "14 sq km" );; line 24472 (wfb::source-text area |Cocos (Keeling) Islands| comparative_area "about 24 times the size of The Mall in Washington, DC" );; line 24474 (wfb::source-text borders |Cocos (Keeling) Islands| "0 km" );; line 24480 (wfb::source-text coastline |Cocos (Keeling) Islands| "2.6 km" );; line 24484 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims |Cocos (Keeling) Islands| exclusive_fishing_zone "200 nm" );; line 24489 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims |Cocos (Keeling) Islands| territorial_sea "3 nm" );; line 24491 (wfb::source-text international_disputes |Cocos (Keeling) Islands| "none" );; line 24495 (wfb::source-text climate |Cocos (Keeling) Islands| "pleasant, modified by the southeast trade wind for about nine months of the year; moderate rain fall" );; line 24499 (wfb::source-text terrain |Cocos (Keeling) Islands| "flat, low-lying coral atolls" );; line 24504 (wfb::source-text natural-resource |Cocos (Keeling) Islands| "fish" );; line 24508 (wfb::source-text land_use |Cocos (Keeling) Islands| arable_land "NA%" );; line 24513 (wfb::source-text land_use |Cocos (Keeling) Islands| permanent_crops "NA%" );; line 24515 (wfb::source-text land_use |Cocos (Keeling) Islands| meadows_and_pastures "NA%" );; line 24517 (wfb::source-text land_use |Cocos (Keeling) Islands| forest_and_woodland "NA%" );; line 24519 (wfb::source-text land_use |Cocos (Keeling) Islands| other "NA%" );; line 24521 (wfb::source-text irrigated_land |Cocos (Keeling) Islands| "NA sq km" );; line 24525 (wfb::source-text environment |Cocos (Keeling) Islands| current_issues "there are no natural fresh water resources on the island, groundwater does accumulate in natural underground reservoirs" );; line 24530 (wfb::source-text environment |Cocos (Keeling) Islands| natural_hazards "cyclones may occur in the early months of the year" );; line 24533 (wfb::source-text environment |Cocos (Keeling) Islands| international_agreements "NA" );; line 24535 (wfb::source-text note |Cocos (Keeling) Islands| "two coral atolls thickly covered with coconut palms and other vegetation" );; line 24539 (wfb::source-text population |Cocos (Keeling) Islands| "604 (July 1995 est.)" );; line 24546 (wfb::source-text age_structure |Cocos (Keeling) Islands| 0-14_years "NA" );; line 24551 (wfb::source-text age_structure |Cocos (Keeling) Islands| 15-64_years "NA" );; line 24553 (wfb::source-text age_structure |Cocos (Keeling) Islands| 65_years_and_over "NA" );; line 24555 (wfb::source-text population_growth_rate |Cocos (Keeling) Islands| "0.98% (1995 est.)" );; line 24559 (wfb::source-text birth_rate |Cocos (Keeling) Islands| "NA births/1,000 population" );; line 24563 (wfb::source-text death_rate |Cocos (Keeling) Islands| "NA deaths/1,000 population" );; line 24567 (wfb::source-text net_migration_rate |Cocos (Keeling) Islands| "NA migrant(s)/1,000 population" );; line 24571 (wfb::source-text infant_mortality_rate |Cocos (Keeling) Islands| "NA deaths/1,000 live births" );; line 24575 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth |Cocos (Keeling) Islands| total_population "NA years" );; line 24580 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth |Cocos (Keeling) Islands| male "NA years" );; line 24582 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth |Cocos (Keeling) Islands| female "NA years" );; line 24584 (wfb::source-text total_fertility_rate |Cocos (Keeling) Islands| "NA children born/woman" );; line 24588 (wfb::source-text nationality |Cocos (Keeling) Islands| noun "Cocos Islander(s)" );; line 24593 (wfb::source-text nationality |Cocos (Keeling) Islands| adjective "Cocos Islander" );; line 24595 (wfb::source-text ethnic-entity |Cocos (Keeling) Islands| west_island "Europeans" );; line 24600 (wfb::source-text ethnic-entity |Cocos (Keeling) Islands| home_island "Cocos Malays" );; line 24602 (wfb::source-text religion |Cocos (Keeling) Islands| "Sunni Muslims" );; line 24606 (wfb::source-text language |Cocos (Keeling) Islands| "English" );; line 24610 (wfb::source-text total_labor_force |Cocos (Keeling) Islands| "NA" );; line 24614 (wfb::source-text names |Cocos (Keeling) Islands| conventional_long_form "Territory of Cocos (Keeling) Islands" );; line 24620 (wfb::source-text names |Cocos (Keeling) Islands| conventional_short_form "Cocos (Keeling) Islands" );; line 24622 (wfb::source-text digraph |Cocos (Keeling) Islands| "CK" );; line 24626 (wfb::source-text type |Cocos (Keeling) Islands| "territory of Australia" );; line 24630 (wfb::source-text capital |Cocos (Keeling) Islands| "West Island" );; line 24634 (wfb::source-text administrative_divisions |Cocos (Keeling) Islands| "none (territory of Australia)" );; line 24638 (wfb::source-text independence |Cocos (Keeling) Islands| "none (territory of Australia)" );; line 24642 (wfb::source-text national_holiday |Cocos (Keeling) Islands| "NA" );; line 24646 (wfb::source-text constitution |Cocos (Keeling) Islands| "Cocos (Keeling) Islands Act of 1955" );; line 24650 (wfb::source-text legal_system |Cocos (Keeling) Islands| "based upon the laws of Australia and local laws" );; line 24654 (wfb::source-text suffrage |Cocos (Keeling) Islands| "NA" );; line 24658 (wfb::source-text executive_branch |Cocos (Keeling) Islands| chief_of_state "Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952)" );; line 24663 (wfb::source-text executive_branch |Cocos (Keeling) Islands| head_of_government "Administrator B. CUNNINGHAM (since NA)" );; line 24665 (wfb::source-text executive_branch |Cocos (Keeling) Islands| cabinet "Islands Council; Chairman of the Islands Council Haji WAHIN bin Bynie (since NA)" );; line 24667 (wfb::source-text legislative_structure |Cocos (Keeling) Islands| "unicameral Islands Council" );; line 24672 (wfb::source-text judicial_branch |Cocos (Keeling) Islands| "Supreme Court" );; line 24676 (wfb::source-text political_parties_and_leaders |Cocos (Keeling) Islands| "NA" );; line 24680 (wfb::source-text member_of |Cocos (Keeling) Islands| "none" );; line 24684 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us |Cocos (Keeling) Islands| "none (territory of Australia)" );; line 24688 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation |Cocos (Keeling) Islands| "none (territory of Australia)" );; line 24692 (wfb::source-text flag |Cocos (Keeling) Islands| "the flag of Australia is used" );; line 24696 (wfb::source-text overview |Cocos (Keeling) Islands| "Grown throughout the islands, coconuts are the sole cash crop. Copra and fresh coconuts are the major export earners. Small local gardens and fishing contribute to the food supply, but additional food and most other necessities must be imported from Australia." );; line 24701 (wfb::source-text national_product |Cocos (Keeling) Islands| "GDP $NA" );; line 24708 (wfb::source-text national_product_real_growth_rate |Cocos (Keeling) Islands| "NA%" );; line 24712 (wfb::source-text national_product_per_capita |Cocos (Keeling) Islands| "$NA" );; line 24716 (wfb::source-text |Inflation rate (consumer prices)| |Cocos (Keeling) Islands| "NA%" );; line 24720 (wfb::source-text budget |Cocos (Keeling) Islands| revenues "$NA" );; line 24725 (wfb::source-text budget |Cocos (Keeling) Islands| expenditures "$NA, including capital expenditures of $NA" );; line 24727 (wfb::source-text exports |Cocos (Keeling) Islands| "$NA" );; line 24731 (wfb::source-text exports |Cocos (Keeling) Islands| commodities "copra" );; line 24733 (wfb::source-text exports |Cocos (Keeling) Islands| partners "Australia" );; line 24735 (wfb::source-text imports |Cocos (Keeling) Islands| "$NA" );; line 24739 (wfb::source-text imports |Cocos (Keeling) Islands| commodities "foodstuffs" );; line 24741 (wfb::source-text imports |Cocos (Keeling) Islands| partners "Australia" );; line 24743 (wfb::source-text external_debt |Cocos (Keeling) Islands| "$NA" );; line 24747 (wfb::source-text industrial_production |Cocos (Keeling) Islands| "growth rate NA%" );; line 24751 (wfb::source-text electricity |Cocos (Keeling) Islands| capacity "1,000 kW" );; line 24756 (wfb::source-text electricity |Cocos (Keeling) Islands| production "2 million kWh" );; line 24758 (wfb::source-text electricity |Cocos (Keeling) Islands| consumption_per_capita "2,980 kWh (1990)" );; line 24760 (wfb::source-text industry |Cocos (Keeling) Islands| "copra products" );; line 24764 (wfb::source-text agriculture |Cocos (Keeling) Islands| "gardens provide vegetables, bananas, pawpaws, coconuts" );; line 24768 (wfb::source-text economic_aid |Cocos (Keeling) Islands| "none" );; line 24772 (wfb::source-text currency |Cocos (Keeling) Islands| "1 Australian dollar ($A) = 100 cents" );; line 24776 (wfb::source-text exchange_rates |Cocos (Keeling) Islands| "Australian dollars ($A) per US$1 - 1.3058 (January 1995), 1.3667 (1994), 1.4704 (1993), 1.3600 (1992), 1.2836 (1991), 1.2799 (1990)" );; line 24780 (wfb::source-text fiscal_year |Cocos (Keeling) Islands| "1 July - 30 June" );; line 24785 (wfb::source-text railroads |Cocos (Keeling) Islands| "0 km" );; line 24790 (wfb::source-text highways |Cocos (Keeling) Islands| total "NA km" );; line 24795 (wfb::source-text highways |Cocos (Keeling) Islands| paved "NA km" );; line 24797 (wfb::source-text highways |Cocos (Keeling) Islands| unpaved "NA km" );; line 24799 (wfb::source-text port |Cocos (Keeling) Islands| "none; lagoon anchorage only" );; line 24803 (wfb::source-text merchant_marine |Cocos (Keeling) Islands| "none" );; line 24807 (wfb::source-text airports |Cocos (Keeling) Islands| total "1" );; line 24812 (wfb::source-text airports |Cocos (Keeling) Islands| |with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m| "1" );; line 24814 (wfb::source-text telephone_system |Cocos (Keeling) Islands| "NA telephones" );; line 24819 (wfb::source-text telephone_system |Cocos (Keeling) Islands| local "NA" );; line 24821 (wfb::source-text telephone_system |Cocos (Keeling) Islands| intercity "NA" );; line 24823 (wfb::source-text telephone_system |Cocos (Keeling) Islands| international "linked by telephone, telex, and facsimile communications via satellite with Australia" );; line 24825 (wfb::source-text radio |Cocos (Keeling) Islands| broadcast_stations "AM 1, FM 0, shortwave 0" );; line 24831 (wfb::source-text radio |Cocos (Keeling) Islands| radios "250 (1985)" );; line 24833 (wfb::source-text television |Cocos (Keeling) Islands| broadcast_stations "0" );; line 24838 (wfb::source-text television |Cocos (Keeling) Islands| televisions "NA" );; line 24840 (wfb::source-text note |Cocos (Keeling) Islands| "defense is the responsibility of Australia" );; line 24846 (wfb::source-text location colombia "Northern South America, bordering the Caribbean Sea, between Panama and Venezuela, and bordering the North Pacific Ocean, between Ecuador and Panama" );; line 24856 (wfb::source-text map_references colombia "South America" );; line 24862 (wfb::source-text area colombia total_area "1,138,910 sq km" );; line 24867 (wfb::source-text area colombia land_area "1,038,700 sq km" );; line 24869 (wfb::source-text area colombia comparative_area "slightly less than three times the size of Montana" );; line 24871 (wfb::source-text borders colombia "total 7,408 km, Brazil 1,643 km, Ecuador 590 km, Panama 225 km, Peru 2,900 km, Venezuela 2,050 km" );; line 24878 (wfb::source-text coastline colombia "3,208 km (Caribbean Sea 1,760 km, North Pacific Ocean 1,448 km)" );; line 24883 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims colombia continental_shelf "200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation" );; line 24888 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims colombia exclusive_economic_zone "200 nm" );; line 24890 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims colombia territorial_sea "12 nm" );; line 24892 (wfb::source-text international_disputes colombia "maritime boundary dispute with Venezuela in the Gulf of Venezuela; territorial dispute with Nicaragua over Archipelago de San Andres y Providencia and Quita Sueno Bank" );; line 24896 (wfb::source-text climate colombia "tropical along coast and eastern plains; cooler in highlands" );; line 24902 (wfb::source-text terrain colombia "flat coastal lowlands, central highlands, high Andes Mountains, eastern lowland plains" );; line 24906 (wfb::source-text natural-resource colombia "petroleum, natural gas, coal, iron ore, nickel, gold, copper, emeralds" );; line 24911 (wfb::source-text land_use colombia arable_land "4%" );; line 24917 (wfb::source-text land_use colombia permanent_crops "2%" );; line 24919 (wfb::source-text land_use colombia meadows_and_pastures "29%" );; line 24921 (wfb::source-text land_use colombia forest_and_woodland "49%" );; line 24923 (wfb::source-text land_use colombia other "16%" );; line 24925 (wfb::source-text irrigated_land colombia "5,150 sq km (1989 est.)" );; line 24929 (wfb::source-text environment colombia current_issues "deforestation; soil damage from overuse of pesticides; air pollution, especially in Bogota, from vehicle emissions" );; line 24934 (wfb::source-text environment colombia natural_hazards "highlands subject to volcanic eruptions; occasional earthquakes; periodic droughts" );; line 24937 (wfb::source-text environment colombia international_agreements "party to - Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Endangered Species, Marine Life Conservation, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83; signed, but not ratified - Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Climate Change, Desertification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping" );; line 24940 (wfb::source-text note colombia "only South American country with coastlines on both North Pacific Ocean and Caribbean Sea" );; line 24948 (wfb::source-text population colombia "36,200,251 (July 1995 est.)" );; line 24955 (wfb::source-text age_structure colombia 0-14_years "32% (female 5,784,010; male 5,925,600)" );; line 24960 (wfb::source-text age_structure colombia 15-64_years "63% (female 11,642,870; male 11,245,235)" );; line 24962 (wfb::source-text age_structure colombia 65_years_and_over "5% (female 888,358; male 714,178) (July 1995 est.)" );; line 24964 (wfb::source-text population_growth_rate colombia "1.7% (1995 est.)" );; line 24968 (wfb::source-text birth_rate colombia "21.89 births/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 24972 (wfb::source-text death_rate colombia "4.69 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 24976 (wfb::source-text net_migration_rate colombia "-0.17 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 24980 (wfb::source-text infant_mortality_rate colombia "26.9 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.)" );; line 24984 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth colombia total_population "72.48 years" );; line 24989 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth colombia male "69.68 years" );; line 24991 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth colombia female "75.38 years (1995 est.)" );; line 24993 (wfb::source-text total_fertility_rate colombia "2.4 children born/woman (1995 est.)" );; line 24997 (wfb::source-text nationality colombia noun "Colombian(s)" );; line 25002 (wfb::source-text nationality colombia adjective "Colombian" );; line 25004 (wfb::source-text ethnic-entity colombia "mestizo 58%, white 20%, mulatto 14%, black 4%, mixed black-Indian 3%, Indian 1%" );; line 25008 (wfb::source-text religion colombia "Roman Catholic 95%" );; line 25013 (wfb::source-text language colombia "Spanish" );; line 25017 (wfb::source-text literacy colombia "age 15 and over can read and write (1985)" );; line 25021 (wfb::source-text literacy colombia total_population "88%" );; line 25023 (wfb::source-text literacy colombia male "88%" );; line 25025 (wfb::source-text literacy colombia female "88%" );; line 25027 (wfb::source-text total_labor_force colombia "12 million (1990)" );; line 25031 (wfb::source-text labor_force_by_occupation colombia by_occupation "services 46%, agriculture 30%, industry 24% (1990)" );; line 25033 (wfb::source-text names colombia conventional_long_form "Republic of Colombia" );; line 25039 (wfb::source-text names colombia conventional_short_form "Colombia" );; line 25041 (wfb::source-text names colombia local_long_form "Republica de Colombia" );; line 25043 (wfb::source-text names colombia local_short_form "Colombia" );; line 25045 (wfb::source-text digraph colombia "CO" );; line 25049 (wfb::source-text type colombia "republic; executive branch dominates government structure" );; line 25053 (wfb::source-text capital colombia "Bogota" );; line 25057 (wfb::source-text administrative_divisions colombia "32 departments (departamentos, singular - departamento) and 1 capital district* (distrito capital); Amazonas, Antioquia, Arauca, Atlantico, Bogota*, Bolivar, Boyaca, Caldas, Caqueta, Casanare, Cauca, Cesar, Choco, Cordoba, Cundinamarca, Guainia, Guaviare, Huila, La Guajira, Magdalena, Meta, Narino, Norte de Santander, Putumayo, Quindio, Risaralda, San Andres y Providencia, Santander, Sucre, Tolima, Valle del Cauca, Vaupes, Vichada" );; line 25061 (wfb::source-text independence colombia "20 July 1810 (from Spain)" );; line 25070 (wfb::source-text national_holiday colombia "Independence Day, 20 July (1810)" );; line 25074 (wfb::source-text constitution colombia "5 July 1991" );; line 25078 (wfb::source-text legal_system colombia "based on Spanish law; a new criminal code modeled after US procedures was enacted in 1992-93; judicial review of executive and legislative acts; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations" );; line 25082 (wfb::source-text suffrage colombia "18 years of age; universal and compulsory" );; line 25088 (wfb::source-text executive_branch colombia chief_of_state_and_head_of_government "President Ernesto SAMPER Pizano (since 7 August 1994); election last held 29 May 1994 (next to be held May 1998) and resulted in no candidate receiving more than 50% of the total vote; a run-off election to select a president from the two leading candidates was held on 19 June 1994; results - Ernesto SAMPER Pizano (Liberal Party) 50.4%, Andres PASTRANA Arango (Conservative Party) 48.6%, blank votes 1%; Humberto de la CALLE was elected vice president in a new proceedure that replaces the traditional designation of vice presidents by newly elected presidents." );; line 25093 (wfb::source-text executive_branch colombia cabinet "Cabinet" );; line 25102 (wfb::source-text legislative_structure colombia "bicameral Congress (Congreso)" );; line 25106 (wfb::source-text legislative_branch colombia |Senate (Senado)| "elections last held 13 March 1994 (next to be held NA March 1998); preliminary results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (102 total) Liberal Party 59, conservatives (includes PC, MSN, and NDF) 31, other 12" );; line 25108 (wfb::source-text legislative_branch colombia |House of Representatives (Camara de Representantes)| "elections last held 13 March 1994 (next to be held NA March 1998); preliminary results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (161 total) Liberal Party 89, conservatives (includes PC, MSN, and NDF) 53, AD/M-19 2, other 17" );; line 25112 (wfb::source-text judicial_branch colombia "Supreme Court of Justice (Corte Suprema de Justical), Constitutional Court, Council of State" );; line 25119 (wfb::source-text political_parties_and_leaders colombia "Liberal Party (PL), Juan Guillermo ANGEL; Conservative Party (PC), Fabio VALENCIA Cossio; National Salvation Movement (MSN), Alvaro GOMEZ Hurtado; New Democratic Force (NDF), Andres PASTRANA Arango; Democratic Alliance M-19 (AD/M-19) is a coalition of small leftist parties and dissident liberals and conservatives; Patriotic Union (UP) is a legal political party formed by Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC) and Colombian Communist Party (PCC), Carlos ROMERO" );; line 25124 (wfb::source-text other_political_or_pressure_groups colombia "three insurgent groups are active in Colombia - Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC), Manuel MARULANDA and Alfonso CANO; National Liberation Army (ELN), Manuel PEREZ; and dissidents of the recently demobilized People's Liberation Army (EPL), Francisco CARABALLO; Francisco CARABALLO was captured by the government in June 1994" );; line 25134 (wfb::source-text member_of colombia "AG, CCC, CDB, CG, ECLAC, FAO, G-11, G-24, G-77, GATT, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, INMARSAT, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, LAES, LAIA, NAM, OAS, ONUSAL, OPANAL, PCA, RG, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNPROFOR, UNU, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO" );; line 25142 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us colombia chief_of_mission "Ambassador Carlos LLERAS de la Fuente" );; line 25151 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us colombia chancery "2118 Leroy Place NW, Washington, DC 20008" );; line 25153 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us colombia telephone "[1] (202) 387-8338" );; line 25155 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us colombia fax "[1] (202) 232-8643" );; line 25157 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us colombia |consulate(s) general| "Boston, Chicago, Houston, Los Angeles, Miami, New Orleans, New York, San Francisco, San Juan (Puerto Rico), and Washington, DC" );; line 25159 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us colombia |consulate(s)| "Atlanta and Tampa" );; line 25162 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation colombia chief_of_mission "Ambassador Myles R. R. FRECHETTE" );; line 25167 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation colombia embassy "Calle 38, No. 8-61, Bogota" );; line 25169 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation colombia mailing_address "Apartado Aereo 3831, Bogota; APO AA 34038" );; line 25171 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation colombia telephone "[57] (1) 320-1300" );; line 25173 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation colombia fax "[57] (1) 288-5687" );; line 25175 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation colombia |consulate(s)| "Barranquilla" );; line 25177 (wfb::source-text flag colombia "three horizontal bands of yellow (top, double-width), blue, and red; similar to the flag of Ecuador, which is longer and bears the Ecuadorian coat of arms superimposed in the center" );; line 25181 (wfb::source-text overview colombia "Colombia's economy has grown steadily since 1991, when the government implemented sweeping economic reform measures. President SAMPER, who took office in August 1994, has pledged to maintain those reforms while expanding government assistance for poor Colombians, who continue to make up about 40% of the population. In an effort to bring down inflation, SAMPER has arranged a \"social pact\" with business and labor to curtail price hikes and trim inflation to 18%. The rapid development of oil, coal, and other nontraditional industries, along with copious inflows of capital and strengthening of prices for coffee, have helped keep growth at 5%-6%. Development of the massive Cusiana oilfield provides the means to sustain this level over the next several years. Exporters say, however, that their sales have been hampered by the appreciation of the Colombian peso, and farmers have sought government help in adjusting to greater foreign competition. Moreover, increased foreign investment and even greater domestic growth have been hindered by an inadequate energy and transportation infrastructure and by violence stemming from drug trafficking and persistent rural insurgency." );; line 25188 (wfb::source-text national_product colombia "GDP - purchasing power parity - $172.4 billion (1994 est.)" );; line 25207 (wfb::source-text national_product_real_growth_rate colombia "5.7% (1994 est.)" );; line 25211 (wfb::source-text national_product_per_capita colombia "$4,850 (1994 est.)" );; line 25215 (wfb::source-text |Inflation rate (consumer prices)| colombia "22.6% (1994 est.)" );; line 25219 (wfb::source-text unemployment_rate colombia "7.9% (1994 est.)" );; line 25223 (wfb::source-text budget colombia revenues "$16 billion (1995 est.)" );; line 25228 (wfb::source-text budget colombia expenditures "$21 billion (1995 est.)" );; line 25230 (wfb::source-text exports colombia "$8.3 billion (f.o.b., 1994 est.)" );; line 25234 (wfb::source-text exports colombia commodities "petroleum, coffee, coal, bananas, fresh cut flowers" );; line 25236 (wfb::source-text exports colombia partners "US 39%, EC 25.7%, Japan 2.9%, Venezuela 8.5% (1992)" );; line 25238 (wfb::source-text imports colombia "$10.6 billion (c.i.f., 1994 est.)" );; line 25242 (wfb::source-text imports colombia commodities "industrial equipment, transportation equipment, consumer goods, chemicals, paper products" );; line 25244 (wfb::source-text imports colombia partners "US 36%, EC 18%, Brazil 4%, Venezuela 6.5%, Japan 8.7% (1992)" );; line 25247 (wfb::source-text external_debt colombia "$12.6 billion (1994 est.)" );; line 25251 (wfb::source-text industrial_production colombia "growth rate 5% (1994 est.); accounts for about 20% of GDP" );; line 25255 (wfb::source-text electricity colombia capacity "10,220,000 kW" );; line 25260 (wfb::source-text electricity colombia production "33 billion kWh" );; line 25262 (wfb::source-text electricity colombia consumption_per_capita "890 kWh (1993)" );; line 25264 (wfb::source-text industry colombia "textiles, food processing, oil, clothing and footwear, beverages, chemicals, metal products, cement; mining - gold, coal, emeralds, iron, nickel, silver, salt" );; line 25268 (wfb::source-text agriculture colombia "growth rate 3.8% (1994 est.); accounts for about 15% of GDP; crops make up two-thirds and livestock one-third of agricultural output; climate and soils permit a wide variety of crops, such as coffee, rice, tobacco, corn, sugarcane, cocoa beans, oilseeds, vegetables; forest products and shrimp farming are becoming more important" );; line 25274 (wfb::source-text illicit_drugs colombia "illicit producer of coca, opium poppies, and cannabis; about 45,000 hectares of coca under cultivation; the world's largest processor of coca derivatives into cocaine; supplier of cocaine to the US and other international drug markets; active eradication program against narcotics crop" );; line 25282 (wfb::source-text economic_aid colombia recipient "US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-89), $1.6 billion; Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-89), $3.3 billion; Communist countries (1970-89), $399 million" );; line 25290 (wfb::source-text currency colombia "1 Colombian peso (Col$) = 100 centavos" );; line 25296 (wfb::source-text exchange_rates colombia "Colombian pesos (Col$) per US$1 - 846.67 (January 1995), 844.84 (1994), 863.06 (1993), 759.28 (1992), 633.05 (1991), 502.26 (1990)" );; line 25300 (wfb::source-text fiscal_year colombia "calendar year" );; line 25305 (wfb::source-text railroads colombia total "3,386 km" );; line 25311 (wfb::source-text railroads colombia standard_gauge "150 km 1.435-m gauge" );; line 25313 (wfb::source-text railroads colombia narrow_gauge "3,236 km 0.914-m gauge (2,611 km in use)" );; line 25315 (wfb::source-text highways colombia total "107,377 km (1991)" );; line 25320 (wfb::source-text highways colombia paved "12,778 km" );; line 25322 (wfb::source-text highways colombia unpaved "gravel/earth 94,599 km" );; line 25324 (wfb::source-text inland_waterways colombia "14,300 km, navigable by river boats" );; line 25328 (wfb::source-text pipelines colombia "crude oil 3,585 km; petroleum products 1,350 km; natural gas 830 km; natural gas liquids 125 km" );; line 25332 (wfb::source-text port colombia "Barranquilla, Buenaventura, Cartagena, Leticia, Puerto Bolivar, San Andres, Santa Marta, Tumaco, Turbo" );; line 25337 (wfb::source-text merchant_marine colombia total "22 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 104,577 GRT/142,617 DWT" );; line 25343 (wfb::source-text merchant_marine colombia ships_by_type "bulk 6, cargo 9, container 4, oil tanker 3" );; line 25345 (wfb::source-text airports colombia total "1,307" );; line 25350 (wfb::source-text airports colombia |with paved runways over 3,047 m| "2" );; line 25352 (wfb::source-text airports colombia |with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m| "7" );; line 25354 (wfb::source-text airports colombia |with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m| "34" );; line 25356 (wfb::source-text airports colombia |with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m| "31" );; line 25358 (wfb::source-text airports colombia with_paved_runways_under_914_m "734" );; line 25360 (wfb::source-text airports colombia |with unpaved runways 1,524 to 2,438 m| "80" );; line 25362 (wfb::source-text airports colombia |with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m| "419" );; line 25364 (wfb::source-text telephone_system colombia "1,890,000 telephones; modern system in many respects" );; line 25369 (wfb::source-text telephone_system colombia local "NA" );; line 25371 (wfb::source-text telephone_system colombia intercity "nationwide microwave radio relay system; 11 domestic earth stations" );; line 25373 (wfb::source-text telephone_system colombia international "2 INTELSAT (Atlantic Ocean) earth stations" );; line 25376 (wfb::source-text radio colombia broadcast_stations "AM 413, FM 0, shortwave 28" );; line 25381 (wfb::source-text radio colombia radios "NA" );; line 25383 (wfb::source-text television colombia broadcast_stations "33" );; line 25388 (wfb::source-text television colombia televisions "NA" );; line 25390 (wfb::source-text defense_branch colombia "Army (Ejercito Nacional), Navy (Armada Nacional, includes Marines and Coast Guard), Air Force (Fuerza Aerea Colombiana), National Police (Policia Nacional)" );; line 25396 (wfb::source-text manpower_availability colombia "males age 15-49 9,851,980; males fit for military service 6,640,348; males reach military age (18) annually 349,599 (1995 est.)" );; line 25402 (wfb::source-text defense_expenditures colombia "exchange rate conversion - $1.2 billion (1992 est.)" );; line 25407 (wfb::source-text location comoros "Southern Africa, group of islands in the Mozambique Channel, about two-thirds of the way between northern Madagascar and northern Mozambique" );; line 25417 (wfb::source-text map_references comoros "Africa" );; line 25423 (wfb::source-text area comoros total_area "2,170 sq km" );; line 25428 (wfb::source-text area comoros land_area "2,170 sq km" );; line 25430 (wfb::source-text area comoros comparative_area "slightly more than 12 times the size of Washington, DC" );; line 25432 (wfb::source-text borders comoros "0 km" );; line 25436 (wfb::source-text coastline comoros "340 km" );; line 25440 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims comoros exclusive_economic_zone "200 nm" );; line 25445 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims comoros territorial_sea "12 nm" );; line 25447 (wfb::source-text international_disputes comoros "claims French-administered Mayotte" );; line 25451 (wfb::source-text climate comoros "tropical marine; rainy season (November to May)" );; line 25455 (wfb::source-text terrain comoros "volcanic islands, interiors vary from steep mountains to low hills" );; line 25459 (wfb::source-text natural-resource comoros "negligible" );; line 25464 (wfb::source-text land_use comoros arable_land "35%" );; line 25469 (wfb::source-text land_use comoros permanent_crops "8%" );; line 25471 (wfb::source-text land_use comoros meadows_and_pastures "7%" );; line 25473 (wfb::source-text land_use comoros forest_and_woodland "16%" );; line 25475 (wfb::source-text land_use comoros other "34%" );; line 25477 (wfb::source-text irrigated_land comoros "NA sq km" );; line 25481 (wfb::source-text environment comoros current_issues "soil degradation and erosion results from crop cultivation on slopes without proper terracing; deforestation" );; line 25486 (wfb::source-text environment comoros natural_hazards "cyclones and tsunamis possible during rainy season (December to April); Mount Kartala on Grand Comore is an active volcano" );; line 25489 (wfb::source-text environment comoros international_agreements "party to - Biodiversity, Climate Change, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection; signed, but not ratified - Desertification" );; line 25492 (wfb::source-text note comoros "important location at northern end of Mozambique Channel" );; line 25498 (wfb::source-text population comoros "549,338 (July 1995 est.)" );; line 25504 (wfb::source-text age_structure comoros 0-14_years "48% (female 131,334; male 132,327)" );; line 25509 (wfb::source-text age_structure comoros 15-64_years "49% (female 137,083; male 133,629)" );; line 25511 (wfb::source-text age_structure comoros 65_years_and_over "3% (female 7,860; male 7,105) (July 1995 est.)" );; line 25513 (wfb::source-text population_growth_rate comoros "3.56% (1995 est.)" );; line 25517 (wfb::source-text birth_rate comoros "46.22 births/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 25521 (wfb::source-text death_rate comoros "10.6 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 25525 (wfb::source-text net_migration_rate comoros "0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 25529 (wfb::source-text infant_mortality_rate comoros "77.3 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.)" );; line 25533 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth comoros total_population "58.27 years" );; line 25538 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth comoros male "56.04 years" );; line 25540 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth comoros female "60.57 years (1995 est.)" );; line 25542 (wfb::source-text total_fertility_rate comoros "6.73 children born/woman (1995 est.)" );; line 25546 (wfb::source-text nationality comoros noun "Comoran(s)" );; line 25551 (wfb::source-text nationality comoros adjective "Comoran" );; line 25553 (wfb::source-text ethnic-entity comoros "Antalote, Cafre, Makoa, Oimatsaha, Sakalava" );; line 25557 (wfb::source-text religion comoros "Sunni Muslim 86%, Roman Catholic 14%" );; line 25561 (wfb::source-text language comoros "Arabic (official), French (official), Comoran (a blend of Swahili and Arabic)" );; line 25565 (wfb::source-text literacy comoros "age 15 and over can read and write (1980)" );; line 25570 (wfb::source-text literacy comoros total_population "48%" );; line 25572 (wfb::source-text literacy comoros male "56%" );; line 25574 (wfb::source-text literacy comoros female "40%" );; line 25576 (wfb::source-text total_labor_force comoros "140,000 (1982)" );; line 25580 (wfb::source-text labor_force_by_occupation comoros by_occupation "agriculture 80%, government 3%" );; line 25582 (wfb::source-text names comoros conventional_long_form "Federal Islamic Republic of the Comoros" );; line 25588 (wfb::source-text names comoros conventional_short_form "Comoros" );; line 25590 (wfb::source-text names comoros local_long_form "Republique Federale Islamique des Comores" );; line 25592 (wfb::source-text names comoros local_short_form "Comores" );; line 25594 (wfb::source-text digraph comoros "CN" );; line 25598 (wfb::source-text type comoros "independent republic" );; line 25602 (wfb::source-text capital comoros "Moroni" );; line 25606 (wfb::source-text administrative_divisions comoros "three islands; Grand Comore (Njazidja), Anjouan (Nzwani), and Moheli (Mwali)" );; line 25610 (wfb::source-text independence comoros "6 July 1975 (from France)" );; line 25618 (wfb::source-text national_holiday comoros "Independence Day, 6 July (1975)" );; line 25622 (wfb::source-text constitution comoros "7 June 1992" );; line 25626 (wfb::source-text legal_system comoros "French and Muslim law in a new consolidated code" );; line 25630 (wfb::source-text suffrage comoros "18 years of age; universal" );; line 25634 (wfb::source-text executive_branch comoros chief_of_state "President Said Mohamed DJOHAR (since 11 March 1990); election last held 11 March 1990 (next to be held March 1996); results - Said Mohamed DJOHAR (UDZIMA) 55%, Mohamed TAKI Abdulkarim (UNDC) 45%" );; line 25639 (wfb::source-text executive_branch comoros head_of_government "Prime Minister Halifa HOUMADI (since 13 October 1994); note - HOUMADI is the fifteenth prime minister appointed by President DJOHAR in the last three years" );; line 25643 (wfb::source-text executive_branch comoros cabinet "Council of Ministers; appointed by the president" );; line 25647 (wfb::source-text legislative_structure comoros "unicameral" );; line 25651 (wfb::source-text legislative_branch comoros |Federal Assembly (Assemblee Federale)| "elections last held 12-20 December 1993 (next to be held by NA January 1998); results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (42 total) Ruling Coalition: RDR 15, UNDC 5, MWANGAZA 2; Opposition: UDZIMA 8, other smaller parties 10; 2 seats remained unfilled" );; line 25653 (wfb::source-text judicial_branch comoros "Supreme Court (Cour Supreme)" );; line 25660 (wfb::source-text political_parties_and_leaders comoros "over 20 political parties are currently active, the most important of which are; Comoran Union for Progress (UDZIMA), Omar TAMOU; Islands' Fraternity and Unity Party (CHUMA), Said Ali KEMAL; Comoran Party for Democracy and Progress (PCDP), Ali MROUDJAE; Realizing Freedom's Capability (UWEZO), Mouazair ABDALLAH; Democratic Front of the Comoros (FDR), Moustapha CHELKH; Dialogue Proposition Action (DPA/MWANGAZA), Said MCHAWGAMA; Rally for Change and Democracy (RACHADE), Hassan HACHIM; Union for Democracy and Decentralization (UNDC), Mohamed Taki Halidi IBRAHAM; Rally for Democracy and Renewal (RDR); Comoran Popular Front (FPC), Mohamed HASSANALI, Mohamed El Arif OUKACHA, Abdou MOUSTAKIM (Secretary General)" );; line 25664 (wfb::source-text member_of comoros "ACCT, ACP, AfDB, AL, CCC, ECA, FAO, FZ, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS (associate), ILO, IMF, INTELSAT (nonsignatory user), IOC, ITU, NAM, OAU, OIC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WHO, WMO" );; line 25677 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us comoros chief_of_mission "Ambassador Mohamed Ahamadu DJIMBANAO (ambassador to the US and Canada)" );; line 25684 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us comoros chancery "(temporary) care of the Permanent Mission of the Federal and Islamic Republic of the Comoros to the United Nations, 336 East 45th Street, 2nd Floor, New York, NY 10017" );; line 25687 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us comoros telephone "[1] (212) 972-8010" );; line 25691 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us comoros fax "[1] (212) 983-4712" );; line 25693 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation comoros "none; ambassador to Port Louis, Mauritius, is accredited to Comoros" );; line 25697 (wfb::source-text flag comoros "green with a white crescent in the center of the field, its points facing upward; there are four white five-pointed stars placed in a line between the points of the crescent; the crescent, stars, and color green are traditional symbols of Islam; the four stars represent the four main islands of the archipelago - Mwali, Njazidja, Nzwani, and Mayotte (a territorial collectivity of France, but claimed by Comoros); the design, the most recent of several, is described in the constitution approved by referendum on 7 June 1992" );; line 25702 (wfb::source-text overview comoros "One of the world's poorest countries, Comoros is made up of several islands that have poor transportation links, a young and rapidly increasing population, and few natural resources. The low educational level of the labor force contributes to a subsistence level of economic activity, high unemployment, and a heavy dependence on foreign grants and technical assistance. Agriculture, including fishing, hunting, and forestry, is the leading sector of the economy. It contributes 40% to GDP, employs 80% of the labor force, and provides most of the exports. The country is not self-sufficient in food production; rice, the main staple, accounts for 90% of imports. The government is struggling to upgrade education and technical training, to privatize commercial and industrial enterprises, to improve health services, to diversify exports, and to reduce the high population growth rate. Continued foreign support is essential if the goal of 4% annual GDP growth is to be reached in the late 1990s." );; line 25713 (wfb::source-text national_product comoros "GDP - purchasing power parity - $370 million (1994 est.)" );; line 25730 (wfb::source-text national_product_real_growth_rate comoros "0.9% (1994 est.)" );; line 25734 (wfb::source-text national_product_per_capita comoros "$700 (1994 est.)" );; line 25738 (wfb::source-text |Inflation rate (consumer prices)| comoros "15% (1993 est.)" );; line 25742 (wfb::source-text unemployment_rate comoros "15.8% (1989)" );; line 25746 (wfb::source-text budget comoros revenues "$83 million" );; line 25751 (wfb::source-text budget comoros expenditures "$92 million, including capital expenditures of $32 million (1992)" );; line 25753 (wfb::source-text exports comoros "$13.7 million (f.o.b., 1993 est.)" );; line 25757 (wfb::source-text exports comoros commodities "vanilla, ylang-ylang, cloves, perfume oil, copra" );; line 25759 (wfb::source-text exports comoros partners "US 44%, France 40%, Germany 6%, Africa 5% (1992)" );; line 25761 (wfb::source-text imports comoros "$40.9 million (f.o.b., 1993 est.)" );; line 25765 (wfb::source-text imports comoros commodities "rice and other foodstuffs, petroleum products, cement, consumer goods" );; line 25767 (wfb::source-text imports comoros partners "France 34%, South Africa 14%, Kenya 8%, Japan 4% (1992)" );; line 25770 (wfb::source-text external_debt comoros "$160 million (1992 est.)" );; line 25774 (wfb::source-text industrial_production comoros "growth rate -6.5% (1989 est.); accounts for 6% of GDP" );; line 25778 (wfb::source-text electricity comoros capacity "16,000 kW" );; line 25783 (wfb::source-text electricity comoros production "17 million kWh" );; line 25785 (wfb::source-text electricity comoros consumption_per_capita "27 kWh (1993)" );; line 25787 (wfb::source-text industry comoros "perfume distillation, textiles, furniture, jewelry, construction materials, soft drinks" );; line 25791 (wfb::source-text agriculture comoros "accounts for 40% of GDP; most of population works in subsistence agriculture and fishing; plantations produce cash crops for export - vanilla, cloves, perfume essences, copra; principal food crops - coconuts, bananas, cassava; world's leading producer of essence of ylang-ylang (for perfumes) and second-largest producer of vanilla; large net food importer" );; line 25796 (wfb::source-text economic_aid comoros recipient "US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY80-89), $10 million; Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-89), $435 million; OPEC bilateral aid (1979-89), $22 million; Communist countries (1970-89), $18 million" );; line 25805 (wfb::source-text currency comoros "1 Comoran franc (CF) = 100 centimes" );; line 25812 (wfb::source-text exchange_rates comoros "Comoran francs (CF) per US$1 - 297.07 (January 1995), 416.40 (1994), 254.57 (1993), 264.69 (1992), 282.11 (1991), 272.26 (1990)" );; line 25816 (wfb::source-text fiscal_year comoros "calendar year" );; line 25825 (wfb::source-text railroads comoros "0 km" );; line 25830 (wfb::source-text highways comoros total "750 km" );; line 25835 (wfb::source-text highways comoros paved "bituminous 210 km" );; line 25837 (wfb::source-text highways comoros unpaved "crushed stone, gravel 540 km" );; line 25839 (wfb::source-text port comoros "Fomboni, Moroni, Mutsamudo" );; line 25843 (wfb::source-text merchant_marine comoros "none" );; line 25847 (wfb::source-text airports comoros total "4" );; line 25852 (wfb::source-text airports comoros |with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m| "1" );; line 25854 (wfb::source-text airports comoros |with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m| "3" );; line 25856 (wfb::source-text telephone_system comoros "over 1,800 telephones; sparse system of radio relay and high-frequency radio communication stations for interisland and external communications to Madagascar and Reunion" );; line 25861 (wfb::source-text telephone_system comoros local "NA" );; line 25865 (wfb::source-text telephone_system comoros intercity "high frequency radio and microwave radio relay" );; line 25867 (wfb::source-text telephone_system comoros international "high frequency radio" );; line 25869 (wfb::source-text radio comoros broadcast_stations "AM 2, FM 1, shortwave 0" );; line 25874 (wfb::source-text radio comoros radios "NA" );; line 25876 (wfb::source-text television comoros broadcast_stations "0" );; line 25881 (wfb::source-text television comoros televisions "NA" );; line 25883 (wfb::source-text defense_branch comoros "Comoran Security Force" );; line 25889 (wfb::source-text manpower_availability comoros "males age 15-49 117,349; males fit for military service 70,178 (1995 est.)" );; line 25893 (wfb::source-text defense_expenditures comoros "$NA, NA% of GDP" );; line 25898 (wfb::source-text location congo "Western Africa, bordering the South Atlantic Ocean, between Angola and Gabon" );; line 25908 (wfb::source-text map_references congo "Africa" );; line 25913 (wfb::source-text area congo total_area "342,000 sq km" );; line 25918 (wfb::source-text area congo land_area "341,500 sq km" );; line 25920 (wfb::source-text area congo comparative_area "slightly smaller than Montana" );; line 25922 (wfb::source-text borders congo "total 5,504 km, Angola 201 km, Cameroon 523 km, Central African Republic 467 km, Gabon 1,903 km, Zaire 2,410 km" );; line 25926 (wfb::source-text coastline congo "169 km" );; line 25931 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims congo territorial_sea "200 nm" );; line 25936 (wfb::source-text international_disputes congo "long segment of boundary with Zaire along the Congo River is indefinite (no division of the river or its islands has been made)" );; line 25940 (wfb::source-text climate congo "tropical; rainy season (March to June); dry season (June to October); constantly high temperatures and humidity; particularly enervating climate astride the Equator" );; line 25945 (wfb::source-text terrain congo "coastal plain, southern basin, central plateau, northern basin" );; line 25951 (wfb::source-text natural-resource congo "petroleum, timber, potash, lead, zinc, uranium, copper, phosphates, natural gas" );; line 25955 (wfb::source-text land_use congo arable_land "2%" );; line 25961 (wfb::source-text land_use congo permanent_crops "0%" );; line 25963 (wfb::source-text land_use congo meadows_and_pastures "29%" );; line 25965 (wfb::source-text land_use congo forest_and_woodland "62%" );; line 25967 (wfb::source-text land_use congo other "7%" );; line 25969 (wfb::source-text irrigated_land congo "40 sq km (1989)" );; line 25973 (wfb::source-text environment congo current_issues "air pollution from vehicle emissions; water pollution from the dumping of raw sewage; tap water is not potable; deforestation" );; line 25978 (wfb::source-text environment congo natural_hazards "seasonal flooding" );; line 25981 (wfb::source-text environment congo international_agreements "party to - Endangered Species, Ozone Layer Protection, Tropical Timber 83; signed, but not ratified - Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Law of the Sea, Tropical Timber 94" );; line 25983 (wfb::source-text note congo "about 70% of the population lives in Brazzaville, Pointe Noire, or along the railroad between them" );; line 25989 (wfb::source-text population congo "2,504,996 (July 1995 est.)" );; line 25996 (wfb::source-text age_structure congo 0-14_years "44% (female 543,324; male 548,840)" );; line 26001 (wfb::source-text age_structure congo 15-64_years "53% (female 682,927; male 645,045)" );; line 26003 (wfb::source-text age_structure congo 65_years_and_over "3% (female 49,879; male 34,981) (July 1995 est.)" );; line 26005 (wfb::source-text population_growth_rate congo "2.32% (1995 est.)" );; line 26009 (wfb::source-text birth_rate congo "39.86 births/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 26013 (wfb::source-text death_rate congo "16.7 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 26017 (wfb::source-text net_migration_rate congo "0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 26021 (wfb::source-text infant_mortality_rate congo "109.4 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.)" );; line 26025 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth congo total_population "47.09 years" );; line 26030 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth congo male "45.23 years" );; line 26032 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth congo female "49 years (1995 est.)" );; line 26034 (wfb::source-text total_fertility_rate congo "5.23 children born/woman (1995 est.)" );; line 26038 (wfb::source-text nationality congo noun "Congolese (singular and plural)" );; line 26043 (wfb::source-text nationality congo adjective "Congolese or Congo" );; line 26045 (wfb::source-text ethnic-entity congo south "Kongo 48%" );; line 26050 (wfb::source-text ethnic-entity congo north "Sangha 20%, M'Bochi 12%" );; line 26052 (wfb::source-text ethnic-entity congo center "Teke 17%, Europeans 8,500 (mostly French)" );; line 26054 (wfb::source-text religion congo "Christian 50%, animist 48%, Muslim 2%" );; line 26058 (wfb::source-text language congo "French (official), African languages (Lingala and Kikongo are the most widely used)" );; line 26062 (wfb::source-text literacy congo "age 15 and over can read and write (1984)" );; line 26067 (wfb::source-text literacy congo total_population "60%" );; line 26069 (wfb::source-text literacy congo male "71%" );; line 26071 (wfb::source-text literacy congo female "49%" );; line 26073 (wfb::source-text total_labor_force congo "79,100 wage earners" );; line 26077 (wfb::source-text labor_force_by_occupation congo by_occupation "agriculture 75%, commerce, industry, and government 25%" );; line 26079 (wfb::source-text names congo conventional_long_form "Republic of the Congo" );; line 26085 (wfb::source-text names congo conventional_short_form "Congo" );; line 26087 (wfb::source-text names congo local_long_form "Republique Populaire du Congo" );; line 26089 (wfb::source-text names congo local_short_form "Congo" );; line 26091 (wfb::source-text names congo former "Congo/Brazzaville" );; line 26093 (wfb::source-text digraph congo "CF" );; line 26097 (wfb::source-text type congo "republic" );; line 26101 (wfb::source-text capital congo "Brazzaville" );; line 26105 (wfb::source-text administrative_divisions congo "9 regions (regions, singular - region) and 1 commune*; Bouenza, Brazzaville*, Cuvette, Kouilou, Lekoumou, Likouala, Niari, Plateaux, Pool, Sangha" );; line 26109 (wfb::source-text independence congo "15 August 1960 (from France)" );; line 26114 (wfb::source-text national_holiday congo "Congolese National Day, 15 August (1960)" );; line 26118 (wfb::source-text constitution congo "new constitution approved by referendum March 1992" );; line 26122 (wfb::source-text legal_system congo "based on French civil law system and customary law" );; line 26126 (wfb::source-text suffrage congo "18 years of age; universal" );; line 26130 (wfb::source-text executive_branch congo chief_of_state "President Pascal LISSOUBA (since August 1992); election last held August 1992 (next to be held August 1997); results - President Pascal LISSOUBA won with 61% of the vote" );; line 26135 (wfb::source-text executive_branch congo head_of_government "Prime Minister Jacques Joachim YHOMBI-OPANGO (since 23 June 1993)" );; line 26139 (wfb::source-text executive_branch congo cabinet "Council of Ministers; named by the president" );; line 26142 (wfb::source-text legislative_structure congo "bicameral" );; line 26146 (wfb::source-text legislative_branch congo |National Assembly (Assemblee Nationale)| "election last held 3 October 1993; results - percentage vote by party NA; seats - (125 total) UPADS 64, URD/PCT 58, others 3" );; line 26148 (wfb::source-text legislative_branch congo senate "election last held 26 July 1992 (next to be held July 1998); results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (60 total) UPADS 23, MCDDI 14, RDD 8, RDPS 5, PCT 2, others 8" );; line 26151 (wfb::source-text judicial_branch congo "Supreme Court (Cour Supreme)" );; line 26157 (wfb::source-text political_parties_and_leaders congo "Congolese Labor Party (PCT), Denis SASSOU-NGUESSO, president; Pan-African Union for Social Development (UPADS), Pascal LISSOUBA, leader; Association for Democracy and Development (RDD), Joachim Yhombi OPANGO, president; Congolese Movement for Democracy and Integral Development (MCDDI), Bernard KOLELAS, leader; Association for Democracy and Social Progress (RDPS), Jean-Pierre Thystere TCHICAYA, president; Union of Democratic Forces (UFD), David Charles GANAO, leader; Union for Development and Social Progress (UDPS), Jean-Michael BOKAMBA-YANGOUMA, leader" );; line 26161 (wfb::source-text other_political_or_pressure_groups congo "Union of Congolese Socialist Youth (UJSC); Congolese Trade Union Congress (CSC); Revolutionary Union of Congolese Women (URFC); General Union of Congolese Pupils and Students (UGEEC)" );; line 26175 (wfb::source-text member_of congo "ACCT, ACP, AfDB, BDEAC, CCC, CEEAC, ECA, FAO, FZ, G-77, GATT, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, ITU, NAM, OAU, UDEAC, UN, UNAMIR, UNAVEM II, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO" );; line 26181 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us congo chief_of_mission "Ambassador Pierre Damien BOUSSOUKOU-BOUMBA" );; line 26189 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us congo chancery "4891 Colorado Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20011" );; line 26191 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us congo telephone "[1] (202) 726-0825" );; line 26193 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us congo fax "[1] (202) 726-1860" );; line 26195 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation congo chief_of_mission "Ambassador William C. RAMSEY" );; line 26200 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation congo embassy "Avenue Amilcar Cabral, Brazzaville" );; line 26202 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation congo mailing_address "B. P. 1015, Brazzaville" );; line 26204 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation congo telephone "[242] 83 20 70" );; line 26206 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation congo fax "[242] 83 63 38" );; line 26208 (wfb::source-text flag congo "red, divided diagonally from the lower hoist side by a yellow band; the upper triangle (hoist side) is green and the lower triangle is red; uses the popular pan-African colors of Ethiopia" );; line 26212 (wfb::source-text overview congo "Congo's economy is a mixture of village agriculture and handicrafts, an industrial sector based largely on oil, support services, and a government characterized by budget problems and overstaffing. A reform program, supported by the IMF and World Bank, ran into difficulties in 1990-91 because of problems in changing to a democratic political regime and a heavy debt-servicing burden. Oil has supplanted forestry as the mainstay of the economy, providing about two-thirds of government revenues and exports. In the early 1980s rapidly rising oil revenues enabled Congo to finance large-scale development projects with growth averaging 5% annually, one of the highest rates in Africa. Subsequently, growth has slowed to an average of roughly 1.5% annually, only two-thirds of the population growth rate. Political turmoil and misguided government investment have derailed economic reform programs sponsored by the IMF and World Bank. Even with these difficulties Congo enjoys one of the highest incomes per capita in sub-Saharan Africa" );; line 26219 (wfb::source-text national_product congo "GDP - purchasing power parity - $6.7 billion (1993 est.)" );; line 26236 (wfb::source-text national_product_real_growth_rate congo "-2.1% (1993 est.)" );; line 26240 (wfb::source-text national_product_per_capita congo "$2,820 (1994 est.)" );; line 26244 (wfb::source-text |Inflation rate (consumer prices)| congo "2.2% (1992 est.)" );; line 26248 (wfb::source-text unemployment_rate congo "NA%" );; line 26252 (wfb::source-text budget congo revenues "$765 million" );; line 26257 (wfb::source-text budget congo expenditures "$952 million, including capital expenditures of $65 million (1990)" );; line 26259 (wfb::source-text exports congo "$1.1 billion (f.o.b., 1993)" );; line 26264 (wfb::source-text exports congo commodities "crude oil 83%, lumber, plywood, sugar, cocoa, coffee, diamonds" );; line 26266 (wfb::source-text exports congo partners "US, Italy, France, Spain, other EC countries" );; line 26268 (wfb::source-text imports congo "$472 million (c.i.f., 1991)" );; line 26272 (wfb::source-text imports congo commodities "intermediate manufactures, capital equipment, construction materials, foodstuffs" );; line 26274 (wfb::source-text imports congo partners "France, US, Italy, Japan, other EC countries" );; line 26277 (wfb::source-text external_debt congo "$4 billion (1993)" );; line 26281 (wfb::source-text industrial_production congo "growth rate 8% (1993 est.); accounts for 35% of GDP; includes petroleum" );; line 26285 (wfb::source-text electricity congo capacity "120,000 kW" );; line 26291 (wfb::source-text electricity congo production "400 million kWh" );; line 26293 (wfb::source-text electricity congo consumption_per_capita "201 kWh (1993)" );; line 26295 (wfb::source-text industry congo "petroleum, cement, lumbering, brewing, sugar milling, palm oil, soap, cigarette" );; line 26299 (wfb::source-text agriculture congo "accounts for 12% of GDP (including fishing and forestry); cassava accounts for 90% of food output; other crops - rice, corn, peanuts, vegetables; cash crops include coffee and cocoa; forest products important export earner; imports over 90% of food needs" );; line 26304 (wfb::source-text economic_aid congo recipient "US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-90), $63 million; Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-90), $2.5 billion; OPEC bilateral aid (1979-89), $15 million; Communist countries (1970-89), $338 million" );; line 26312 (wfb::source-text currency congo "1 CFA franc (CFAF) = 100 centimes" );; line 26319 (wfb::source-text exchange_rates congo "Communaute Financiere Africaine francs (CFAF) per US$1 - 529.43 (January 1994), 555.20 (1994), 283.16 (1993), 264.69 (1992), 282.11 (1991), 272.26 (1990)" );; line 26323 (wfb::source-text fiscal_year congo "calendar year" );; line 26332 (wfb::source-text railroads congo total "797 km (includes 285 km that are privately owned)" );; line 26338 (wfb::source-text railroads congo narrow_gauge "797 km 1.067-m gauge" );; line 26340 (wfb::source-text highways congo total "11,960 km" );; line 26345 (wfb::source-text highways congo paved "560 km" );; line 26347 (wfb::source-text highways congo unpaved "gravel or crushed stone 850 km; improved earth 5,350 km; unimproved earth 5,200 km" );; line 26349 (wfb::source-text inland_waterways congo "the Congo and Ubangi (Oubangui) Rivers provide 1,120 km of commercially navigable water transport; the rest are used for local traffic only" );; line 26354 (wfb::source-text pipelines congo "crude oil 25 km" );; line 26359 (wfb::source-text port congo "Brazzaville, Impfondo, Ouesso, Oyo, Pointe-Noire" );; line 26363 (wfb::source-text merchant_marine congo "none" );; line 26367 (wfb::source-text airports congo total "41" );; line 26372 (wfb::source-text airports congo |with paved runways over 3,047 m| "1" );; line 26374 (wfb::source-text airports congo |with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m| "3" );; line 26376 (wfb::source-text airports congo with_paved_runways_under_914_m "11" );; line 26378 (wfb::source-text airports congo |with unpaved runways 1,524 to 2,438 m| "8" );; line 26380 (wfb::source-text airports congo |with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m| "18" );; line 26382 (wfb::source-text telephone_system congo "18,100 telephones; 7 telephones/1,000 persons; services adequate for government use; key centers are Brazzaville, Pointe-Noire, and Loubomo" );; line 26387 (wfb::source-text telephone_system congo local "NA" );; line 26390 (wfb::source-text telephone_system congo intercity "primary network consists of microwave radio relay and coaxial cable" );; line 26392 (wfb::source-text telephone_system congo international "1 Atlantic Ocean INTELSAT earth station" );; line 26395 (wfb::source-text radio congo broadcast_stations "AM 4, FM 1, shortwave 0" );; line 26400 (wfb::source-text radio congo radios "NA" );; line 26402 (wfb::source-text television congo broadcast_stations "4" );; line 26407 (wfb::source-text television congo televisions "NA" );; line 26409 (wfb::source-text defense_branch congo "Army, Navy (includes Marines), Air Force, National Police" );; line 26415 (wfb::source-text manpower_availability congo "males age 15-49 568,663; males fit for military service 289,335; males reach military age (20) annually 24,749 (1995 est.)" );; line 26419 (wfb::source-text defense_expenditures congo "exchange rate conversion - $110 million, 3.8% of GDP (1993)" );; line 26424 (wfb::source-text location cook_islands "Oceania, group of islands in the South Pacific Ocean, about one-half of the way from Hawaii to New Zealand" );; line 26435 (wfb::source-text map_references cook_islands "Oceania" );; line 26440 (wfb::source-text area cook_islands total_area "240 sq km" );; line 26445 (wfb::source-text area cook_islands land_area "240 sq km" );; line 26447 (wfb::source-text area cook_islands comparative_area "slightly less than 1.3 times the size of Washington, DC" );; line 26449 (wfb::source-text borders cook_islands "0 km" );; line 26453 (wfb::source-text coastline cook_islands "120 km" );; line 26457 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims cook_islands continental_shelf "200 nm or to the edge of the continental margin" );; line 26462 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims cook_islands exclusive_economic_zone "200 nm" );; line 26464 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims cook_islands territorial_sea "12 nm" );; line 26466 (wfb::source-text international_disputes cook_islands "none" );; line 26470 (wfb::source-text climate cook_islands "tropical; moderated by trade winds" );; line 26474 (wfb::source-text terrain cook_islands "low coral atolls in north; volcanic, hilly islands in south" );; line 26478 (wfb::source-text natural-resource cook_islands "negligible" );; line 26482 (wfb::source-text land_use cook_islands arable_land "4%" );; line 26487 (wfb::source-text land_use cook_islands permanent_crops "22%" );; line 26489 (wfb::source-text land_use cook_islands meadows_and_pastures "0%" );; line 26491 (wfb::source-text land_use cook_islands forest_and_woodland "0%" );; line 26493 (wfb::source-text land_use cook_islands other "74%" );; line 26495 (wfb::source-text irrigated_land cook_islands "NA sq km" );; line 26499 (wfb::source-text environment cook_islands current_issues "NA" );; line 26504 (wfb::source-text environment cook_islands natural_hazards "typhoons (November to March)" );; line 26506 (wfb::source-text environment cook_islands international_agreements "party to - Biodiversity, Climate Change; signed, but not ratified - Law of the Sea" );; line 26508 (wfb::source-text population cook_islands "19,343 (July 1995 est.)" );; line 26515 (wfb::source-text age_structure cook_islands 0-14_years "NA" );; line 26520 (wfb::source-text age_structure cook_islands 15-64_years "NA" );; line 26522 (wfb::source-text age_structure cook_islands 65_years_and_over "NA" );; line 26524 (wfb::source-text population_growth_rate cook_islands "1.13% (1995 est.)" );; line 26528 (wfb::source-text birth_rate cook_islands "23.05 births/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 26532 (wfb::source-text death_rate cook_islands "5.2 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 26536 (wfb::source-text net_migration_rate cook_islands "-6.53 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 26540 (wfb::source-text infant_mortality_rate cook_islands "24.7 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.)" );; line 26544 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth cook_islands total_population "71.14 years" );; line 26549 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth cook_islands male "69.2 years" );; line 26551 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth cook_islands female "73.1 years (1995 est.)" );; line 26553 (wfb::source-text total_fertility_rate cook_islands "3.27 children born/woman (1995 est.)" );; line 26557 (wfb::source-text nationality cook_islands noun "Cook Islander(s)" );; line 26562 (wfb::source-text nationality cook_islands adjective "Cook Islander" );; line 26564 (wfb::source-text ethnic-entity cook_islands "Polynesian (full blood) 81.3%, Polynesian and European 7.7%, Polynesian and other 7.7%, European 2.4%, other 0.9%" );; line 26568 (wfb::source-text religion cook_islands "Christian (majority of populace members of Cook Islands Christian Church)" );; line 26573 (wfb::source-text language cook_islands "English (official), Maori" );; line 26578 (wfb::source-text literacy cook_islands "NA%" );; line 26582 (wfb::source-text total_labor_force cook_islands "5,810" );; line 26586 (wfb::source-text labor_force_by_occupation cook_islands by_occupation "agriculture 29%, government 27%, services 25%, industry 15%, other 4% (1981)" );; line 26588 (wfb::source-text names cook_islands conventional_long_form "none" );; line 26595 (wfb::source-text names cook_islands conventional_short_form "Cook Islands" );; line 26597 (wfb::source-text digraph cook_islands "CW" );; line 26601 (wfb::source-text type cook_islands "self-governing parliamentary government in free association with New Zealand; Cook Islands is fully responsible for internal affairs; New Zealand retains responsibility for external affairs, in consultation with the Cook Islands" );; line 26605 (wfb::source-text capital cook_islands "Avarua" );; line 26612 (wfb::source-text administrative_divisions cook_islands "none" );; line 26616 (wfb::source-text independence cook_islands "none (became self-governing in free association with New Zealand on 4 August 1965 and has the right at any time to move to full independence by unilateral action)" );; line 26620 (wfb::source-text national_holiday cook_islands "Constitution Day, 4 August" );; line 26626 (wfb::source-text constitution cook_islands "4 August 1965" );; line 26630 (wfb::source-text legal_system cook_islands "NA" );; line 26634 (wfb::source-text suffrage cook_islands "universal adult at age NA" );; line 26638 (wfb::source-text executive_branch cook_islands chief_of_state "Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952); Representative of the Queen Apenera SHORT (since NA); Representative of New Zealand Adrian SINCOCK (since NA)" );; line 26643 (wfb::source-text executive_branch cook_islands head_of_government "Prime Minister Geoffrey HENRY (since 1 February 1989); Deputy Prime Minister Inatio AKARURU (since 1 February 1989)" );; line 26647 (wfb::source-text executive_branch cook_islands cabinet "Cabinet; collectively responsible to the Parliament" );; line 26650 (wfb::source-text legislative_structure cook_islands "unicameral" );; line 26654 (wfb::source-text legislative_branch cook_islands parliament "elections last held 24 March 1994 (next to be held NA); results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (25 total) Cook Islands Party 20, Democratic Party 3, Alliance Party 2" );; line 26656 (wfb::source-text judicial_branch cook_islands "High Court" );; line 26665 (wfb::source-text political_parties_and_leaders cook_islands "Cook Islands Party, Geoffrey HENRY; Democratic Party, Sir Thomas DAVIS; Cook Islands Labor Party, Rena JONASSEN; Cook Islands People's Party, Sadaraka SADARAKA; Alliance Party, Norman GEORGE" );; line 26669 (wfb::source-text member_of cook_islands "AsDB, ESCAP (associate), ICAO, ICFTU, IFAD, INTELSAT (nonsignatory user), IOC, SPARTECA, SPC, SPF, UNESCO, WHO" );; line 26675 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us cook_islands "none (self-governing in free association with New Zealand)" );; line 26680 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation cook_islands "none (self-governing in free association with New Zealand)" );; line 26684 (wfb::source-text flag cook_islands "blue, with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side quadrant and a large circle of 15 white five-pointed stars (one for every island) centered in the outer half of the flag" );; line 26688 (wfb::source-text overview cook_islands "Agriculture provides the economic base. The major export earners are fruit, copra, and clothing. Manufacturing activities are limited to a fruit-processing plant and several clothing factories. Economic development is hindered by the isolation of the islands from foreign markets and a lack of natural resources and good transportation links. A large trade deficit is annually made up for by remittances from emigrants and from foreign aid, largely from New Zealand. Current economic development plans call for exploiting the tourism potential and expanding the fishing industry." );; line 26695 (wfb::source-text national_product cook_islands "GDP - purchasing power parity - $57 million (1993 est.)" );; line 26706 (wfb::source-text national_product_real_growth_rate cook_islands "NA%" );; line 26710 (wfb::source-text national_product_per_capita cook_islands "$3,000 (1993 est.)" );; line 26714 (wfb::source-text |Inflation rate (consumer prices)| cook_islands "6.2% (1990)" );; line 26718 (wfb::source-text unemployment_rate cook_islands "NA%" );; line 26722 (wfb::source-text budget cook_islands revenues "$38 million" );; line 26727 (wfb::source-text budget cook_islands expenditures "$34.4 million, including capital expenditures of $NA (1993 est.)" );; line 26729 (wfb::source-text exports cook_islands "$3.4 million (f.o.b., 1990)" );; line 26733 (wfb::source-text exports cook_islands commodities "copra, fresh and canned fruit, clothing" );; line 26735 (wfb::source-text exports cook_islands partners "NZ 80%, Japan" );; line 26737 (wfb::source-text imports cook_islands "$50 million (c.i.f., 1990)" );; line 26741 (wfb::source-text imports cook_islands commodities "foodstuffs, textiles, fuels, timber" );; line 26743 (wfb::source-text imports cook_islands partners "NZ 49%, Japan, Australia, US" );; line 26745 (wfb::source-text external_debt cook_islands "$124 million (1994)" );; line 26749 (wfb::source-text industrial_production cook_islands "growth rate NA%; accounts for 5% of GDP" );; line 26753 (wfb::source-text electricity cook_islands capacity "14,000 kW" );; line 26758 (wfb::source-text electricity cook_islands production "21 million kWh" );; line 26760 (wfb::source-text electricity cook_islands consumption_per_capita "741 kWh (1993)" );; line 26762 (wfb::source-text industry cook_islands "fruit processing, tourism" );; line 26766 (wfb::source-text agriculture cook_islands "accounts for 12% of GDP, export crops - copra, citrus fruits, pineapples, tomatoes, bananas; subsistence crops - yams, taro" );; line 26770 (wfb::source-text economic_aid cook_islands recipient "Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-89), $128 million; in 1994, Cook Islands received $4.3 million in budget support and $2.7 million in project aid from New Zealand, the country's largest source of aid" );; line 26776 (wfb::source-text currency cook_islands "1 New Zealand dollar (NZ$) = 100 cents" );; line 26783 (wfb::source-text exchange_rates cook_islands "New Zealand dollars (NZ$) per US$1 - 1.5601 (January 1995), 1.6844 (1994), 1.8495 (1993), 1.8584 (1992), 1.7265 (1991), 1.6750 (1990)" );; line 26787 (wfb::source-text fiscal_year cook_islands "1 April - 31 March" );; line 26792 (wfb::source-text railroads cook_islands "0 km" );; line 26797 (wfb::source-text highways cook_islands total "187 km" );; line 26802 (wfb::source-text highways cook_islands paved "35 km" );; line 26804 (wfb::source-text highways cook_islands unpaved "gravel 35 km; improved earth 84 km; unimproved earth 33 km (1980)" );; line 26806 (wfb::source-text port cook_islands "Avarua, Avatiu" );; line 26810 (wfb::source-text merchant_marine cook_islands total "1 cargo ship (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 1,464 GRT/2,181 DWT" );; line 26815 (wfb::source-text airports cook_islands total "7" );; line 26820 (wfb::source-text airports cook_islands |with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m| "1" );; line 26822 (wfb::source-text airports cook_islands |with unpaved runways 1,524 to 2,438 m| "3" );; line 26824 (wfb::source-text airports cook_islands |with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m| "3" );; line 26826 (wfb::source-text telephone_system cook_islands "2,052 telephones" );; line 26831 (wfb::source-text telephone_system cook_islands local "NA" );; line 26833 (wfb::source-text telephone_system cook_islands intercity "NA" );; line 26835 (wfb::source-text telephone_system cook_islands international "1 INTELSAT (Pacific Ocean) earth station" );; line 26837 (wfb::source-text radio cook_islands broadcast_stations "AM 1, FM 1, shortwave 0" );; line 26842 (wfb::source-text radio cook_islands radios "11,000" );; line 26844 (wfb::source-text television cook_islands broadcast_stations "1" );; line 26849 (wfb::source-text television cook_islands televisions "17,000 (1989)" );; line 26851 (wfb::source-text note cook_islands "defense is the responsibility of New Zealand" );; line 26857 (wfb::source-text location coral_sea_islands "Oceania, islands in the Coral Sea, northeast of Australia" );; line 26867 (wfb::source-text map_references coral_sea_islands "Oceania" );; line 26871 (wfb::source-text area coral_sea_islands total_area "less than 3 sq km" );; line 26876 (wfb::source-text area coral_sea_islands land_area "less than 3 sq km" );; line 26878 (wfb::source-text area coral_sea_islands comparative_area "NA" );; line 26880 (wfb::source-text borders coral_sea_islands "0 km" );; line 26887 (wfb::source-text coastline coral_sea_islands "3,095 km" );; line 26891 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims coral_sea_islands exclusive_fishing_zone "200 nm" );; line 26896 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims coral_sea_islands territorial_sea "3 nm" );; line 26898 (wfb::source-text international_disputes coral_sea_islands "none" );; line 26902 (wfb::source-text climate coral_sea_islands "tropical" );; line 26906 (wfb::source-text terrain coral_sea_islands "sand and coral reefs and islands (or cays)" );; line 26910 (wfb::source-text natural-resource coral_sea_islands "negligible" );; line 26914 (wfb::source-text land_use coral_sea_islands arable_land "0%" );; line 26919 (wfb::source-text land_use coral_sea_islands permanent_crops "0%" );; line 26921 (wfb::source-text land_use coral_sea_islands meadows_and_pastures "0%" );; line 26923 (wfb::source-text land_use coral_sea_islands forest_and_woodland "0%" );; line 26925 (wfb::source-text land_use coral_sea_islands other "100% (mostly grass or scrub cover)" );; line 26927 (wfb::source-text irrigated_land coral_sea_islands "0 sq km" );; line 26931 (wfb::source-text environment coral_sea_islands current_issues "no permanent fresh water resources" );; line 26936 (wfb::source-text environment coral_sea_islands natural_hazards "occasional, tropical cyclones" );; line 26938 (wfb::source-text environment coral_sea_islands international_agreements "NA" );; line 26940 (wfb::source-text note coral_sea_islands "important nesting area for birds and turtles" );; line 26944 (wfb::source-text population coral_sea_islands "no indigenous inhabitants; note - there are 3 meteorologists" );; line 26950 (wfb::source-text names coral_sea_islands conventional_long_form "Coral Sea Islands Territory" );; line 26956 (wfb::source-text names coral_sea_islands conventional_short_form "Coral Sea Islands" );; line 26958 (wfb::source-text digraph coral_sea_islands "CR" );; line 26962 (wfb::source-text type coral_sea_islands "territory of Australia administered by the Ministry for Environment, Sport, and Territories" );; line 26966 (wfb::source-text capital coral_sea_islands "none; administered from Canberra, Australia" );; line 26971 (wfb::source-text independence coral_sea_islands "none (territory of Australia)" );; line 26975 (wfb::source-text flag coral_sea_islands "the flag of Australia is used" );; line 26979 (wfb::source-text overview coral_sea_islands "no economic activity" );; line 26984 (wfb::source-text port coral_sea_islands "none; offshore anchorage only" );; line 26989 (wfb::source-text note coral_sea_islands "defense is the responsibility of Australia; visited regularly by the Royal Australian Navy; Australia has control over the activities of visitors" );; line 26999 (wfb::source-text location costa_rica "Middle America, bordering both the Caribbean Sea and the North Pacific Ocean, between Nicaragua and Panama" );; line 27011 (wfb::source-text map_references costa_rica "Central America and the Caribbean" );; line 27016 (wfb::source-text area costa_rica total_area "51,100 sq km" );; line 27021 (wfb::source-text area costa_rica land_area "50,660 sq km" );; line 27023 (wfb::source-text area costa_rica comparative_area "slightly smaller than West Virginia" );; line 27025 (wfb::source-text borders costa_rica "total 639 km, Nicaragua 309 km, Panama 330 km" );; line 27031 (wfb::source-text coastline costa_rica "1,290 km" );; line 27035 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims costa_rica exclusive_economic_zone "200 nm" );; line 27040 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims costa_rica territorial_sea "12 nm" );; line 27042 (wfb::source-text international_disputes costa_rica "none" );; line 27046 (wfb::source-text climate costa_rica "tropical; dry season (December to April); rainy season (May to November)" );; line 27050 (wfb::source-text terrain costa_rica "coastal plains separated by rugged mountains" );; line 27055 (wfb::source-text natural-resource costa_rica "hydropower potential" );; line 27059 (wfb::source-text land_use costa_rica arable_land "6%" );; line 27064 (wfb::source-text land_use costa_rica permanent_crops "7%" );; line 27066 (wfb::source-text land_use costa_rica meadows_and_pastures "45%" );; line 27068 (wfb::source-text land_use costa_rica forest_and_woodland "34%" );; line 27070 (wfb::source-text land_use costa_rica other "8%" );; line 27072 (wfb::source-text irrigated_land costa_rica "1,180 sq km (1989 est.)" );; line 27076 (wfb::source-text environment costa_rica current_issues "deforestation, largely a result of the clearing of land for cattle ranching; soil erosion" );; line 27081 (wfb::source-text environment costa_rica natural_hazards "occasional earthquakes, hurricanes along Atlantic coast; frequent flooding of lowlands at onset of rainy season; active volcanoes" );; line 27084 (wfb::source-text environment costa_rica international_agreements "party to - Biodiversity, Climate Change, Endangered Species, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands, Whaling; signed, but not ratified - Desertification, Marine Life Conservation" );; line 27087 (wfb::source-text population costa_rica "3,419,114 (July 1995 est.)" );; line 27096 (wfb::source-text age_structure costa_rica 0-14_years "35% (female 585,976; male 617,456)" );; line 27101 (wfb::source-text age_structure costa_rica 15-64_years "60% (female 1,013,491; male 1,036,195)" );; line 27103 (wfb::source-text age_structure costa_rica 65_years_and_over "5% (female 88,050; male 77,946) (July 1995 est.)" );; line 27105 (wfb::source-text population_growth_rate costa_rica "2.24% (1995 est.)" );; line 27109 (wfb::source-text birth_rate costa_rica "24.88 births/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 27113 (wfb::source-text death_rate costa_rica "3.47 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 27117 (wfb::source-text net_migration_rate costa_rica "1.02 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 27121 (wfb::source-text infant_mortality_rate costa_rica "10.3 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.)" );; line 27125 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth costa_rica total_population "78.11 years" );; line 27130 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth costa_rica male "76.21 years" );; line 27132 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth costa_rica female "80.1 years (1995 est.)" );; line 27134 (wfb::source-text total_fertility_rate costa_rica "3.01 children born/woman (1995 est.)" );; line 27138 (wfb::source-text nationality costa_rica noun "Costa Rican(s)" );; line 27143 (wfb::source-text nationality costa_rica adjective "Costa Rican" );; line 27145 (wfb::source-text ethnic-entity costa_rica "white (including mestizo) 96%, black 2%, Indian 1%, Chinese 1%" );; line 27149 (wfb::source-text religion costa_rica "Roman Catholic 95%" );; line 27153 (wfb::source-text language costa_rica "Spanish (official), English; spoken around Puerto Limon" );; line 27157 (wfb::source-text literacy costa_rica "age 15 and over can read and write (1984)" );; line 27161 (wfb::source-text literacy costa_rica total_population "93%" );; line 27163 (wfb::source-text literacy costa_rica male "93%" );; line 27165 (wfb::source-text literacy costa_rica female "93%" );; line 27167 (wfb::source-text total_labor_force costa_rica "868,300" );; line 27171 (wfb::source-text labor_force_by_occupation costa_rica by_occupation "industry and commerce 35.1%, government and services 33%, agriculture 27%, other 4.9% (1985 est.)" );; line 27173 (wfb::source-text names costa_rica conventional_long_form "Republic of Costa Rica" );; line 27180 (wfb::source-text names costa_rica conventional_short_form "Costa Rica" );; line 27182 (wfb::source-text names costa_rica local_long_form "Republica de Costa Rica" );; line 27184 (wfb::source-text names costa_rica local_short_form "Costa Rica" );; line 27186 (wfb::source-text digraph costa_rica "CS" );; line 27190 (wfb::source-text type costa_rica "democratic republic" );; line 27194 (wfb::source-text capital costa_rica "San Jose" );; line 27198 (wfb::source-text administrative_divisions costa_rica "7 provinces (provincias, singular - provincia); Alajuela, Cartago, Guanacaste, Heredia, Limon, Puntarenas, San Jose" );; line 27202 (wfb::source-text independence costa_rica "15 September 1821 (from Spain)" );; line 27207 (wfb::source-text national_holiday costa_rica "Independence Day, 15 September (1821)" );; line 27211 (wfb::source-text constitution costa_rica "9 November 1949" );; line 27215 (wfb::source-text legal_system costa_rica "based on Spanish civil law system; judicial review of legislative acts in the Supreme Court; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction" );; line 27219 (wfb::source-text suffrage costa_rica "18 years of age; universal and compulsory" );; line 27224 (wfb::source-text executive_branch costa_rica chief_of_state_and_head_of_government "President Jose Maria FIGUERES Olsen (since 8 May 1994); First Vice President Rodrigo OREAMUNO Blanco (since 8 May 1994); Second Vice President Rebeca GRYNSPAN Mayufis (since 8 May 1994); election last held 6 February 1994 (next to be held February 1998); results - President FIGUERES (PLN party) 49.7%, Miquel Angel RODRIGUEZ (PUSC party) 47.5%" );; line 27229 (wfb::source-text executive_branch costa_rica cabinet "Cabinet; selected by the president" );; line 27235 (wfb::source-text legislative_structure costa_rica "unicameral" );; line 27239 (wfb::source-text legislative_branch costa_rica |Legislative Assembly (Asamblea Legislativa)| "elections last held 6 February 1994 (next to be held February 1998); results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (61 total) PLN 28, PUSC 29, minority parties 4" );; line 27241 (wfb::source-text judicial_branch costa_rica "Supreme Court (Corte Suprema)" );; line 27247 (wfb::source-text political_parties_and_leaders costa_rica "National Liberation Party (PLN), Manuel AGUILAR Bonilla; Social Christian Unity Party (PUSC), Rafael Angel CALDERON Fournier; Marxist Popular Vanguard Party (PVP), Humberto VARGAS Carbonell; New Republic Movement (MNR), Sergio Erick ARDON Ramirez; Progressive Party (PP), Isaac Felipe AZOFEIFA Bolanos; People's Party of Costa Rica (PPC), Lenin CHACON Vargas; Radical Democratic Party (PRD), Juan Jose ECHEVERRIA Brealey" );; line 27251 (wfb::source-text other_political_or_pressure_groups costa_rica "Costa Rican Confederation of Democratic Workers (CCTD, Liberation Party affiliate); Confederated Union of Workers (CUT, Communist Party affiliate); Authentic Confederation of Democratic Workers (CATD, Communist Party affiliate); Chamber of Coffee Growers; National Association for Economic Development (ANFE); Free Costa Rica Movement (MCRL, rightwing militants); National Association of Educators (ANDE)" );; line 27260 (wfb::source-text member_of costa_rica "AG (observer), BCIE, CACM, ECLAC, FAO, G-77, GATT, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, IOM, ITU, LAES, LAIA (observer), NAM (observer), OAS, OPANAL, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNU, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO" );; line 27269 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us costa_rica chief_of_mission "Ambassador Sonia PICADO" );; line 27277 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us costa_rica chancery "2114 S Street NW, Washington, DC 20008" );; line 27279 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us costa_rica telephone "[1] (202) 234-2945" );; line 27281 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us costa_rica fax "[1] (202) 265-4795" );; line 27283 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us costa_rica |consulate(s) general| "Albuquerque, Atlanta, Chicago, Durham, Houston, Los Angeles, Miami, New Orleans, New York, Orlando, Philadelphia, San Antonio, San Diego, San Francisco, and San Juan (Puerto Rico)" );; line 27285 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us costa_rica |consulate(s)| "Austin" );; line 27289 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation costa_rica chief_of_mission "US Ambassador to Costa Rica Peter DE VOS" );; line 27294 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation costa_rica embassy "Pavas Road, San Jose" );; line 27296 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation costa_rica mailing_address "APO AA 34020" );; line 27298 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation costa_rica telephone "[506] 220-3939" );; line 27300 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation costa_rica fax "[506] 220-2305" );; line 27302 (wfb::source-text flag costa_rica "five horizontal bands of blue (top), white, red (double width), white, and blue, with the coat of arms in a white disk on the hoist side of the red band" );; line 27306 (wfb::source-text overview costa_rica "Costa Rica's basically stable and progressive economy depends especially on tourism and export of bananas, coffee, and other agricultural products. In 1994 the economy grew at an estimated 4.3%, compared with 6.5% in 1993, 7.7% in 1992, and 2.1% in 1991. Inflation in 1993 dropped to 9% from 17% in 1992 and 25% in 1991, an indication of basic financial stability. Unemployment is officially reported at only 4.0%, but there is much underemployment. Costa Rica signed a free trade agreement with Mexico in 1994." );; line 27313 (wfb::source-text national_product costa_rica "GDP - purchasing power parity - $16.9 billion (1994 est.)" );; line 27323 (wfb::source-text national_product_real_growth_rate costa_rica "4.3% (1994 est.)" );; line 27327 (wfb::source-text national_product_per_capita costa_rica "$5,050 (1994 est.)" );; line 27331 (wfb::source-text |Inflation rate (consumer prices)| costa_rica "9% (1993 est.)" );; line 27335 (wfb::source-text unemployment_rate costa_rica "4% (1993); much underemployment" );; line 27339 (wfb::source-text budget costa_rica revenues "$1.1 billion" );; line 27344 (wfb::source-text budget costa_rica expenditures "$1.34 billion, including capital expenditures of $110 million (1991 est.)" );; line 27346 (wfb::source-text exports costa_rica "$2.1 billion (f.o.b., 1993)" );; line 27351 (wfb::source-text exports costa_rica commodities "coffee, bananas, textiles, sugar" );; line 27353 (wfb::source-text exports costa_rica partners "US, Germany, Italy, Guatemala, El Salvador, Netherlands, UK, France" );; line 27355 (wfb::source-text imports costa_rica "$2.9 billion (c.i.f., 1993)" );; line 27360 (wfb::source-text imports costa_rica commodities "raw materials, consumer goods, capital equipment, petroleum" );; line 27362 (wfb::source-text imports costa_rica partners "US, Japan, Mexico, Guatemala, Venezuela, Germany" );; line 27364 (wfb::source-text external_debt costa_rica "$3.2 billion (1991)" );; line 27368 (wfb::source-text industrial_production costa_rica "growth rate 10.5% (1992); accounts for 22% of GDP" );; line 27372 (wfb::source-text electricity costa_rica capacity "1,040,000 kW" );; line 27377 (wfb::source-text electricity costa_rica production "4.1 billion kWh" );; line 27379 (wfb::source-text electricity costa_rica consumption_per_capita "1,164 kWh (1993)" );; line 27381 (wfb::source-text industry costa_rica "food processing, textiles and clothing, construction materials, fertilizer, plastic products" );; line 27385 (wfb::source-text agriculture costa_rica "accounts for 19% of GDP and 70% of exports; cash commodities - coffee, beef, bananas, sugar; other food crops include corn, rice, beans, potatoes; normally self-sufficient in food except for grain; depletion of forest resources resulting in lower timber output" );; line 27390 (wfb::source-text illicit_drugs costa_rica "transshipment country for cocaine and heroin from South America; illicit production of cannabis on small, scattered plots" );; line 27397 (wfb::source-text economic_aid costa_rica recipient "US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-89), $1.4 billion; Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-89), $935 million; Communist countries (1971-89), $27 million" );; line 27403 (wfb::source-text currency costa_rica "1 Costa Rican colon (C) = 100 centimos" );; line 27409 (wfb::source-text exchange_rates costa_rica "Costa Rican colones (C) per US$1 - 164.39 (December 1994), 157.07 (1994), 142.17 (1993), 134.51 (1992), 122.43 (1991), 91.58 (1990)" );; line 27413 (wfb::source-text fiscal_year costa_rica "calendar year" );; line 27418 (wfb::source-text railroads costa_rica total "950 km (260 km electrified)" );; line 27424 (wfb::source-text railroads costa_rica narrow_gauge "950 km 1.067-m gauge" );; line 27426 (wfb::source-text highways costa_rica total "35,560 km" );; line 27431 (wfb::source-text highways costa_rica paved "5,600 km" );; line 27433 (wfb::source-text highways costa_rica unpaved "gravel and earth 29,960 km (1992)" );; line 27435 (wfb::source-text inland_waterways costa_rica "about 730 km, seasonally navigable" );; line 27439 (wfb::source-text pipelines costa_rica "petroleum products 176 km" );; line 27443 (wfb::source-text port costa_rica "Caldera, Golfito, Moin, Puerto Limon, Puerto Quepos, Puntarenas" );; line 27447 (wfb::source-text merchant_marine costa_rica "none" );; line 27451 (wfb::source-text airports costa_rica total "174" );; line 27456 (wfb::source-text airports costa_rica |with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m| "2" );; line 27458 (wfb::source-text airports costa_rica |with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m| "1" );; line 27460 (wfb::source-text airports costa_rica |with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m| "17" );; line 27462 (wfb::source-text airports costa_rica with_paved_runways_under_914_m "117" );; line 27464 (wfb::source-text airports costa_rica |with unpaved runways 1,524 to 2,438 m| "1" );; line 27466 (wfb::source-text airports costa_rica |with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m| "36" );; line 27468 (wfb::source-text telephone_system costa_rica "292,000 telephones; very good domestic telephone service" );; line 27473 (wfb::source-text telephone_system costa_rica local "NA" );; line 27475 (wfb::source-text telephone_system costa_rica intercity "NA" );; line 27477 (wfb::source-text telephone_system costa_rica international "connection into Central American Microwave System; 1 INTELSAT (Atlantic Ocean) earth station" );; line 27479 (wfb::source-text radio costa_rica broadcast_stations "AM 71, FM 0, shortwave 13" );; line 27485 (wfb::source-text radio costa_rica radios "NA" );; line 27487 (wfb::source-text television costa_rica broadcast_stations "18" );; line 27492 (wfb::source-text television costa_rica televisions "NA" );; line 27494 (wfb::source-text defense_branch costa_rica "Civil Guard, Coast Guard, Air Section, Rural Assistance Guard; note - the Constitution prohibits armed forces" );; line 27500 (wfb::source-text manpower_availability costa_rica "males age 15-49 896,516; males fit for military service 602,785; males reach military age (18) annually 32,815 (1995 est.)" );; line 27505 (wfb::source-text defense_expenditures costa_rica "exchange rate conversion - $22 million, 0.5% of GDP (1989)" );; line 27510 (wfb::source-text location |Cote d'Ivoire| "Western Africa, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean, between Ghana and Liberia" );; line 27520 (wfb::source-text map_references |Cote d'Ivoire| "Africa" );; line 27525 (wfb::source-text area |Cote d'Ivoire| total_area "322,460 sq km" );; line 27530 (wfb::source-text area |Cote d'Ivoire| land_area "318,000 sq km" );; line 27532 (wfb::source-text area |Cote d'Ivoire| comparative_area "slightly larger than New Mexico" );; line 27534 (wfb::source-text borders |Cote d'Ivoire| "total 3,110 km, Burkina 584 km, Ghana 668 km, Guinea 610 km, Liberia 716 km, Mali 532 km" );; line 27538 (wfb::source-text coastline |Cote d'Ivoire| "515 km" );; line 27543 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims |Cote d'Ivoire| continental_shelf "200 nm" );; line 27548 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims |Cote d'Ivoire| exclusive_economic_zone "200 nm" );; line 27550 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims |Cote d'Ivoire| territorial_sea "12 nm" );; line 27552 (wfb::source-text international_disputes |Cote d'Ivoire| "none" );; line 27556 (wfb::source-text climate |Cote d'Ivoire| "tropical along coast, semiarid in far north; three seasons - warm and dry (November to March), hot and dry (March to May), hot and wet (June to October)" );; line 27560 (wfb::source-text terrain |Cote d'Ivoire| "mostly flat to undulating plains; mountains in northwest" );; line 27566 (wfb::source-text natural-resource |Cote d'Ivoire| "petroleum, diamonds, manganese, iron ore, cobalt, bauxite, copper" );; line 27570 (wfb::source-text land_use |Cote d'Ivoire| arable_land "9%" );; line 27576 (wfb::source-text land_use |Cote d'Ivoire| permanent_crops "4%" );; line 27578 (wfb::source-text land_use |Cote d'Ivoire| meadows_and_pastures "9%" );; line 27580 (wfb::source-text land_use |Cote d'Ivoire| forest_and_woodland "26%" );; line 27582 (wfb::source-text land_use |Cote d'Ivoire| other "52%" );; line 27584 (wfb::source-text irrigated_land |Cote d'Ivoire| "620 sq km (1989 est.)" );; line 27588 (wfb::source-text environment |Cote d'Ivoire| current_issues "deforestation (most of the country's forests - once the largest in West Africa - have been cleared by the timber industry); water pollution from sewage and industrial and agricultural effluents" );; line 27593 (wfb::source-text environment |Cote d'Ivoire| natural_hazards "coast has heavy surf and no natural harbors; during the rainy season torrential flooding is possible" );; line 27597 (wfb::source-text environment |Cote d'Ivoire| international_agreements "party to - Biodiversity, Climate Change, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83; signed, but not ratified - Desertification" );; line 27600 (wfb::source-text population |Cote d'Ivoire| "14,791,257 (July 1995 est.)" );; line 27609 (wfb::source-text age_structure |Cote d'Ivoire| 0-14_years "48% (female 3,506,147; male 3,534,751)" );; line 27614 (wfb::source-text age_structure |Cote d'Ivoire| 15-64_years "50% (female 3,619,759; male 3,820,999)" );; line 27616 (wfb::source-text age_structure |Cote d'Ivoire| 65_years_and_over "2% (female 142,366; male 167,235) (July 1995 est.)" );; line 27618 (wfb::source-text population_growth_rate |Cote d'Ivoire| "3.38% (1995 est.)" );; line 27622 (wfb::source-text birth_rate |Cote d'Ivoire| "46.17 births/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 27626 (wfb::source-text death_rate |Cote d'Ivoire| "14.95 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 27630 (wfb::source-text net_migration_rate |Cote d'Ivoire| "NA migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 27634 (wfb::source-text infant_mortality_rate |Cote d'Ivoire| "93.1 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.)" );; line 27642 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth |Cote d'Ivoire| total_population "48.87 years" );; line 27647 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth |Cote d'Ivoire| male "46.52 years" );; line 27649 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth |Cote d'Ivoire| female "51.29 years (1995 est.)" );; line 27651 (wfb::source-text total_fertility_rate |Cote d'Ivoire| "6.61 children born/woman (1995 est.)" );; line 27655 (wfb::source-text nationality |Cote d'Ivoire| noun "Ivorian(s)" );; line 27660 (wfb::source-text nationality |Cote d'Ivoire| adjective "Ivorian" );; line 27662 (wfb::source-text ethnic-entity |Cote d'Ivoire| "Baoule 23%, Bete 18%, Senoufou 15%, Malinke 11%, Agni, foreign Africans (mostly Burkinabe and Malians, about 3 million), non-Africans 130,000 to 330,000 (French 30,000 and Lebanese 100,000 to 300,000)" );; line 27666 (wfb::source-text religion |Cote d'Ivoire| "indigenous 25%, Muslim 60%, Christian 12%" );; line 27672 (wfb::source-text language |Cote d'Ivoire| "French (official), 60 native dialects; Dioula is the most widely spoken" );; line 27676 (wfb::source-text literacy |Cote d'Ivoire| "age 15 and over can read and write (1988)" );; line 27681 (wfb::source-text literacy |Cote d'Ivoire| total_population "34%" );; line 27683 (wfb::source-text literacy |Cote d'Ivoire| male "44%" );; line 27685 (wfb::source-text literacy |Cote d'Ivoire| female "23%" );; line 27687 (wfb::source-text total_labor_force |Cote d'Ivoire| "5.718 million" );; line 27691 (wfb::source-text labor_force_by_occupation |Cote d'Ivoire| by_occupation "over 85% of population engaged in agriculture, forestry, livestock raising; about 11% of labor force are wage earners, nearly half in agriculture and the remainder in government, industry, commerce, and professions" );; line 27693 (wfb::source-text names |Cote d'Ivoire| conventional_long_form "Republic of Cote d'Ivoire" );; line 27701 (wfb::source-text names |Cote d'Ivoire| conventional_short_form "Cote d'Ivoire" );; line 27703 (wfb::source-text names |Cote d'Ivoire| local_long_form "Republique de Cote d'Ivoire" );; line 27705 (wfb::source-text names |Cote d'Ivoire| local_short_form "Cote d'Ivoire" );; line 27707 (wfb::source-text names |Cote d'Ivoire| former "Ivory Coast" );; line 27709 (wfb::source-text digraph |Cote d'Ivoire| "IV" );; line 27713 (wfb::source-text type |Cote d'Ivoire| "republic; multiparty presidential regime established 1960" );; line 27717 (wfb::source-text capital |Cote d'Ivoire| "Yamoussoukro" );; line 27721 (wfb::source-text administrative_divisions |Cote d'Ivoire| "50 departments (departements, singular - departement); Abengourou, Abidjan, Aboisso, Adzope, Agboville, Agnibilekrou, Bangolo, Beoumi, Biankouma, Bondoukou, Bongouanou, Bouafle, Bouake, Bouna, Boundiali, Dabakala, Daloa, Danane, Daoukro, Dimbokro, Divo, Duekoue, Ferkessedougou, Gagnoa, Grand-Lahou, Guiglo, Issia, Katiola, Korhogo, Lakota, Man, Mankono, Mbahiakro, Odienne, Oume, Sakassou, San-Pedro, Sassandra, Seguela, Sinfra, Soubre, Tabou, Tanda, Tingrela, Tiassale, Touba, Toumodi, Vavoua, Yamoussoukro, Zuenoula" );; line 27729 (wfb::source-text independence |Cote d'Ivoire| "7 August 1960 (from France)" );; line 27739 (wfb::source-text national_holiday |Cote d'Ivoire| "National Day, 7 December" );; line 27743 (wfb::source-text constitution |Cote d'Ivoire| "3 November 1960; has been amended numerous times, last time November 1990" );; line 27747 (wfb::source-text legal_system |Cote d'Ivoire| "based on French civil law system and customary law; judicial review in the Constitutional Chamber of the Supreme Court; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction" );; line 27752 (wfb::source-text suffrage |Cote d'Ivoire| "21 years of age; universal" );; line 27758 (wfb::source-text executive_branch |Cote d'Ivoire| chief_of_state "President Henri Konan BEDIE (since 7 December 1993) constitutional successor who will serve during the remainder of the term of former President Felix HOUPHOUET-BOIGNY who died in office after continuous service from November 1960 (next election October 1995)" );; line 27763 (wfb::source-text executive_branch |Cote d'Ivoire| head_of_government "Prime Minister Daniel Kablan DUNCAN (since 10 December 1993)" );; line 27768 (wfb::source-text executive_branch |Cote d'Ivoire| cabinet "Council of Ministers; appointed by the prime minister" );; line 27770 (wfb::source-text legislative_structure |Cote d'Ivoire| "unicameral" );; line 27774 (wfb::source-text legislative_branch |Cote d'Ivoire| |National Assembly (Assemblee Nationale)| "elections last held 25 November 1990 (next to be held November 1995); results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (175 total) PDCI 163, FPI 9, PIT 1, independents 2" );; line 27776 (wfb::source-text judicial_branch |Cote d'Ivoire| "Supreme Court (Cour Supreme)" );; line 27782 (wfb::source-text political_parties_and_leaders |Cote d'Ivoire| "Democratic Party of the Cote d'Ivoire (PDCI), Henri Konan BEDIE; Rally of the Republicans (RDR), Djeny KOBINA; Ivorian Popular Front (FPI), Laurent GBAGBO; Ivorian Worker's Party (PIT), Francis WODIE; Ivorian Socialist Party (PSI), Morifere BAMBA; over 20 smaller parties" );; line 27786 (wfb::source-text member_of |Cote d'Ivoire| "ACCT, ACP, AfDB, CCC, CEAO, ECA, ECOWAS, Entente, FAO, FZ, G-24, G-77, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, ITU, NAM, OAU, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNITAR, UPU, WADB, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO" );; line 27793 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us |Cote d'Ivoire| chief_of_mission "Ambassador Moise KOUMOUE-KOFFI" );; line 27801 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us |Cote d'Ivoire| chancery "2424 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008" );; line 27803 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us |Cote d'Ivoire| telephone "[1] (202) 797-0300" );; line 27805 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation |Cote d'Ivoire| chief_of_mission "Ambassador Hume A. HORAN" );; line 27810 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation |Cote d'Ivoire| embassy "5 Rue Jesse Owens, Abidjan" );; line 27812 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation |Cote d'Ivoire| mailing_address "01 B. P. 1712, Abidjan" );; line 27814 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation |Cote d'Ivoire| telephone "[225] 21 09 79, 21 46 72" );; line 27816 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation |Cote d'Ivoire| fax "[225] 22 32 59" );; line 27818 (wfb::source-text flag |Cote d'Ivoire| "three equal vertical bands of orange (hoist side), white, and green; similar to the flag of Ireland, which is longer and has the colors reversed - green (hoist side), white, and orange; also similar to the flag of Italy, which is green (hoist side), white, and red; design was based on the flag of France" );; line 27822 (wfb::source-text overview |Cote d'Ivoire| "Cote d'Ivoire is among the world's largest producers and exporters of coffee, cocoa beans, and palm-kernel oil. Consequently, the economy is highly sensitive to fluctuations in international prices for coffee and cocoa and to weather conditions. Despite attempts by the government to diversify, the economy is still largely dependent on agriculture and related industries. After several years of lagging performance, the Ivorian economy began a comeback in 1994, due to improved prices for cocoa and coffee, growth in non-traditional primary exports such as pineapples and rubber, trade and banking liberalization, offshore oil and gas discoveries, and generous external financing and debt rescheduling by multilateral lenders and France. The 50% devaluation in January 1994 caused a one time jump in the inflation rate. Government adherence to a renewed structural adjustment program has led to a budget surplus for the first time in several years, a smaller personnel budget, and an increase in public investment. While real growth in 1994 was only 1.5%, the IMF and World Bank expect it will surpass 6% in 1995." );; line 27831 (wfb::source-text national_product |Cote d'Ivoire| "GDP - purchasing power parity - $20.5 billion (1994 est.)" );; line 27849 (wfb::source-text national_product_real_growth_rate |Cote d'Ivoire| "1.5% (1994 est.)" );; line 27853 (wfb::source-text national_product_per_capita |Cote d'Ivoire| "$1,430 (1994 est.)" );; line 27857 (wfb::source-text |Inflation rate (consumer prices)| |Cote d'Ivoire| "NA%" );; line 27861 (wfb::source-text unemployment_rate |Cote d'Ivoire| "14% (1985)" );; line 27865 (wfb::source-text budget |Cote d'Ivoire| revenues "$1.9 billion" );; line 27870 (wfb::source-text budget |Cote d'Ivoire| expenditures "$3.4 billion, including capital expenditures of $408 million (1993)" );; line 27872 (wfb::source-text exports |Cote d'Ivoire| "$2.7 billion (f.o.b., 1993)" );; line 27877 (wfb::source-text exports |Cote d'Ivoire| commodities "cocoa 30%, coffee 20%, tropical woods 11%, petroleum, cotton, bananas, pineapples, palm oil, cotton" );; line 27879 (wfb::source-text exports |Cote d'Ivoire| partners "France, Netherlands, Germany, Italy, Burkina, US, Belgium, UK (1992)" );; line 27882 (wfb::source-text imports |Cote d'Ivoire| "$1.6 billion (f.o.b., 1993)" );; line 27887 (wfb::source-text imports |Cote d'Ivoire| commodities "food, capital goods, consumer goods, fuel" );; line 27889 (wfb::source-text imports |Cote d'Ivoire| partners "France, Nigeria, Japan, Netherlands, US (1992)" );; line 27891 (wfb::source-text external_debt |Cote d'Ivoire| "$17.3 billion (1993 est.)" );; line 27895 (wfb::source-text industrial_production |Cote d'Ivoire| "growth rate 0% (1993 est.); accounts for 20% of GDP, including petroleum" );; line 27899 (wfb::source-text electricity |Cote d'Ivoire| capacity "1,170,000 kW" );; line 27905 (wfb::source-text electricity |Cote d'Ivoire| production "1.8 billion kWh" );; line 27907 (wfb::source-text electricity |Cote d'Ivoire| consumption_per_capita "123 kWh (1993)" );; line 27909 (wfb::source-text industry |Cote d'Ivoire| "foodstuffs, wood processing, oil refining, automobile assembly, textiles, fertilizer, beverages" );; line 27913 (wfb::source-text agriculture |Cote d'Ivoire| "most important sector, contributing one-third to GDP and 80% to exports; cash crops include coffee, cocoa beans, timber, bananas, palm kernels, rubber; food crops - corn, rice, manioc, sweet potatoes; not self-sufficient in bread grain and dairy products" );; line 27918 (wfb::source-text illicit_drugs |Cote d'Ivoire| "illicit producer of cannabis; mostly for local consumption; some international drug trade; transshipment point for Southwest and Southeast Asian heroin to Europe and occasionally to the US" );; line 27925 (wfb::source-text economic_aid |Cote d'Ivoire| recipient "US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-89), $356 million; Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-88), $5.2 billion" );; line 27932 (wfb::source-text currency |Cote d'Ivoire| "1 CFA franc (CFAF) = 100 centimes" );; line 27937 (wfb::source-text exchange_rates |Cote d'Ivoire| "Communaute Financiere Africaine francs (CFAF) per US$1 - 529.43 (January 1995), 555.20 (1994), 283.16 (1993), 264.69 (1992), 282.11 (1991), 272.26 (1990)" );; line 27941 (wfb::source-text fiscal_year |Cote d'Ivoire| "calendar year" );; line 27950 (wfb::source-text railroads |Cote d'Ivoire| total "660 km (25 km double track)" );; line 27956 (wfb::source-text railroads |Cote d'Ivoire| narrow_gauge "660 km 1.000-meter gauge" );; line 27958 (wfb::source-text highways |Cote d'Ivoire| total "46,600 km" );; line 27963 (wfb::source-text highways |Cote d'Ivoire| paved "3,600 km" );; line 27965 (wfb::source-text highways |Cote d'Ivoire| unpaved "gravel, crushed stone, improved earth 32,000 km; unimproved earth 11,000 km" );; line 27967 (wfb::source-text inland_waterways |Cote d'Ivoire| "980 km navigable rivers, canals, and numerous coastal lagoons" );; line 27972 (wfb::source-text port |Cote d'Ivoire| "Abidjan, Aboisso, Dabou, San-Pedro" );; line 27976 (wfb::source-text merchant_marine |Cote d'Ivoire| total "5 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 49,671 GRT/69,216 DWT" );; line 27981 (wfb::source-text merchant_marine |Cote d'Ivoire| ships_by_type "chemical tanker 1, container 2, oil tanker 1, roll-on/roll-off cargo 1" );; line 27983 (wfb::source-text airports |Cote d'Ivoire| total "40" );; line 27989 (wfb::source-text airports |Cote d'Ivoire| |with paved runways over 3,047 m| "1" );; line 27991 (wfb::source-text airports |Cote d'Ivoire| |with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m| "2" );; line 27993 (wfb::source-text airports |Cote d'Ivoire| |with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m| "4" );; line 27995 (wfb::source-text airports |Cote d'Ivoire| with_paved_runways_under_914_m "11" );; line 27997 (wfb::source-text airports |Cote d'Ivoire| |with unpaved runways 1,524 to 2,438 m| "6" );; line 27999 (wfb::source-text airports |Cote d'Ivoire| |with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m| "16" );; line 28001 (wfb::source-text telephone_system |Cote d'Ivoire| "87,700 telephones; well-developed by African standards but operating well below capacity; consists of open-wire lines and radio relay microwave links" );; line 28006 (wfb::source-text telephone_system |Cote d'Ivoire| local "NA" );; line 28010 (wfb::source-text telephone_system |Cote d'Ivoire| intercity "NA microwave radio relay" );; line 28012 (wfb::source-text telephone_system |Cote d'Ivoire| international "2 INTELSAT (1 Atlantic Ocean and 1 Indian Ocean) earth stations; 2 coaxial submarine cables" );; line 28014 (wfb::source-text radio |Cote d'Ivoire| broadcast_stations "AM 71, FM 0, shortwave 13" );; line 28020 (wfb::source-text radio |Cote d'Ivoire| radios "NA" );; line 28022 (wfb::source-text television |Cote d'Ivoire| broadcast_stations "18" );; line 28027 (wfb::source-text television |Cote d'Ivoire| televisions "NA" );; line 28029 (wfb::source-text defense_branch |Cote d'Ivoire| "Army, Navy, Air Force, paramilitary Gendarmerie, Presidential Guard, Military Fire Group" );; line 28035 (wfb::source-text manpower_availability |Cote d'Ivoire| "males age 15-49 3,318,314; males fit for military service 1,724,020; males reach military age (18) annually 154,120 (1995 est.)" );; line 28040 (wfb::source-text defense_expenditures |Cote d'Ivoire| "exchange rate conversion - $140 million, 1.4% of GDP (1993)" );; line 28045 (wfb::source-text location croatia "Southeastern Europe, bordering the Adriatic Sea, between Bosnia and Herzegovina and Slovenia" );; line 28055 (wfb::source-text map_references croatia "Ethnic Groups in Eastern Europe, Europe" );; line 28060 (wfb::source-text area croatia total_area "56,538 sq km" );; line 28065 (wfb::source-text area croatia land_area "56,410 sq km" );; line 28067 (wfb::source-text area croatia comparative_area "slightly smaller than West Virginia" );; line 28069 (wfb::source-text borders croatia "total 2,028 km, Bosnia and Herzegovina 932 km, Hungary 329 km, Serbia and Montenegro 266 km (241 km with Serbia; 25 km with Montenego), Slovenia 501 km" );; line 28073 (wfb::source-text coastline croatia "5,790 km (mainland 1,778 km, islands 4,012 km)" );; line 28079 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims croatia continental_shelf "200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation" );; line 28084 (wfb::source-text international_disputes croatia "Ethnic Serbs have occupied UN protected areas in eastern Croatia and along the western Bosnia and Herzegovinian border" );; line 28088 (wfb::source-text climate croatia "Mediterranean and continental; continental climate predominant with hot summers and cold winters; mild winters, dry summers along coast" );; line 28093 (wfb::source-text terrain croatia "geographically diverse; flat plains along Hungarian border, low mountains and highlands near Adriatic coast, coastline, and islands" );; line 28098 (wfb::source-text natural-resource croatia "oil, some coal, bauxite, low-grade iron ore, calcium, natural asphalt, silica, mica, clays, salt" );; line 28103 (wfb::source-text land_use croatia arable_land "32%" );; line 28109 (wfb::source-text land_use croatia permanent_crops "20%" );; line 28111 (wfb::source-text land_use croatia meadows_and_pastures "18%" );; line 28113 (wfb::source-text land_use croatia forest_and_woodland "15%" );; line 28115 (wfb::source-text land_use croatia other "15%" );; line 28117 (wfb::source-text irrigated_land croatia "NA sq km" );; line 28121 (wfb::source-text environment croatia current_issues "air pollution (from metallurgical plants) and resulting acid rain is damaging the forests; coastal pollution from industrial and domestic waste; widespread casualties and destruction of infrastructure in border areas affected by civil strife" );; line 28126 (wfb::source-text environment croatia natural_hazards "frequent and destructive earthquakes" );; line 28131 (wfb::source-text environment croatia international_agreements "party to - Air Pollution, Hazardous Wastes, Marine Dumping, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands; signed, but not ratified - Air Pollution-Sulphur 94, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification" );; line 28133 (wfb::source-text note croatia "controls most land routes from Western Europe to Aegean Sea and Turkish Straits" );; line 28140 (wfb::source-text population croatia "4,665,821 (July 1995 est.)" );; line 28147 (wfb::source-text age_structure croatia 0-14_years "19% (female 418,272; male 442,064)" );; line 28152 (wfb::source-text age_structure croatia 15-64_years "68% (female 1,592,187; male 1,588,455)" );; line 28154 (wfb::source-text age_structure croatia 65_years_and_over "13% (female 394,650; male 230,193) (July 1995 est.)" );; line 28156 (wfb::source-text population_growth_rate croatia "0.13% (1995 est.)" );; line 28160 (wfb::source-text birth_rate croatia "11.02 births/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 28164 (wfb::source-text death_rate croatia "10.55 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 28168 (wfb::source-text net_migration_rate croatia "0.77 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 28172 (wfb::source-text infant_mortality_rate croatia "8.4 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.)" );; line 28176 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth croatia total_population "74.02 years" );; line 28181 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth croatia male "70.59 years" );; line 28183 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth croatia female "77.65 years (1995 est.)" );; line 28185 (wfb::source-text total_fertility_rate croatia "1.62 children born/woman (1995 est.)" );; line 28189 (wfb::source-text nationality croatia noun "Croat(s)" );; line 28194 (wfb::source-text nationality croatia adjective "Croatian" );; line 28196 (wfb::source-text ethnic-entity croatia "Croat 78%, Serb 12%, Muslim 0.9%, Hungarian 0.5%, Slovenian 0.5%, others 8.1% (1991)" );; line 28200 (wfb::source-text religion croatia "Catholic 76.5%, Orthodox 11.1%, Slavic Muslim 1.2%, Protestant 0.4%, others and unknown 10.8%" );; line 28205 (wfb::source-text language croatia "Serbo-Croatian 96%, other 4%" );; line 28210 (wfb::source-text literacy croatia "age 15 and over can read and write (1991)" );; line 28214 (wfb::source-text literacy croatia total_population "97%" );; line 28216 (wfb::source-text literacy croatia male "99%" );; line 28218 (wfb::source-text literacy croatia female "95%" );; line 28220 (wfb::source-text total_labor_force croatia "1,509,489" );; line 28224 (wfb::source-text labor_force_by_occupation croatia by_occupation "industry and mining 37%, agriculture 16% (1981 est.), government NA%, other" );; line 28226 (wfb::source-text names croatia conventional_long_form "Republic of Croatia" );; line 28233 (wfb::source-text names croatia conventional_short_form "Croatia" );; line 28235 (wfb::source-text names croatia local_long_form "Republika Hrvatska" );; line 28237 (wfb::source-text names croatia local_short_form "Hrvatska" );; line 28239 (wfb::source-text digraph croatia "HR" );; line 28243 (wfb::source-text type croatia "parliamentary democracy" );; line 28247 (wfb::source-text capital croatia "Zagreb" );; line 28251 (wfb::source-text administrative_divisions croatia "21 counties (zupanijas, zupanija - singular): Bjelovar-Bilogora, City of Zagreb, Dubrovnik-Neretva, Istra, Karlovac, Koprivnica-Krizevci, Krapina-Zagorje, Lika-Senj, Medimurje, Osijek-Baranja, Pozega-Slavonija, Primorje-Gorski Kotar, Sibenik, Sisak-Moslavina, Slavonski Brod-Posavina, Split-Dalmatia, Varazdin, Virovitica-Podravina, Vukovar-Srijem, Zadar-Knin, Zagreb" );; line 28255 (wfb::source-text independence croatia "25 June 1991 (from Yugoslavia)" );; line 28263 (wfb::source-text national_holiday croatia "Statehood Day, 30 May (1990)" );; line 28267 (wfb::source-text constitution croatia "adopted on 22 December 1990" );; line 28271 (wfb::source-text legal_system croatia "based on civil law system" );; line 28275 (wfb::source-text suffrage croatia "18 years of age; universal (16 years of age, if employed)" );; line 28279 (wfb::source-text executive_branch croatia chief_of_state "President Franjo TUDJMAN (since 30 May 1990); election last held 4 August 1992 (next to be held NA 1997); results - Franjo TUDJMAN reelected with about 56% of the vote; his opponent Dobroslav PARAGA got 5% of the vote" );; line 28284 (wfb::source-text executive_branch croatia head_of_government "Prime Minister Nikica VALENTIC (since 3 April 1993); Deputy Prime Ministers Mato GRANIC (since 8 September 1992); Ivica KOSTOVIC (since 14 October 1993); Jure RADIC (since NA); Borislav SKEGRO (since 3 April 1993)" );; line 28288 (wfb::source-text executive_branch croatia cabinet "Council of Ministers; appointed by the president" );; line 28292 (wfb::source-text legislative_structure croatia "bicameral parliament Assembly (Sabor)" );; line 28296 (wfb::source-text legislative_branch croatia |House of Districts (Zupanije Dom)| "elections last held 7 and 21 February 1993 (next to be held NA February 1997); results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (68 total; 63 elected, 5 presidentially appointed) HDZ 37, HSLS 16, HSS 5, Istrian Democratic Assembly 3, SPH-SDP 1, HNS 1" );; line 28298 (wfb::source-text legislative_branch croatia |House of Representatives (Predstavnicke Dom)| "elections last held 2 August 1992 (next to be held NA August 1996); results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (138 total) HDZ 85, HSLS 14, SPH-SDP 11, HNS 6, Dalmatian Action/Istrian Democratic Assembly/ Rijeka Democratic Alliance coalition 6, HSP 5, HSS 3, SNS 3, independents 5" );; line 28303 (wfb::source-text judicial_branch croatia "Supreme Court, Constitutional Court" );; line 28310 (wfb::source-text political_parties_and_leaders croatia "Croatian Democratic Union (HDZ), Zlatko CANJUGA, secretary general; Croatian Democratic Independents (HND), Stjepan MESIC, president; Croatian Social Liberal Party (HSLS), Drazen BUDISA, president; Croatian Democratic Peasant Party (HDSS), Ante BABIC; Croatian Party of Rights (HSP), Ante DAPIC; Croatian Peasants' Party (HSS), Josip PANKRETIC; Croatian People's Party (HNS), Radimir CACIC, president; Dalmatian Action (DA), Mira LJUBIC-LORGER; Serb National Party (SNS), Milan DJUKIC; Social Democratic Action (SDP), Miko TRIPALO; other small parties include the Istrian Democratic Assembly and the Rijeka Democratic Alliance" );; line 28314 (wfb::source-text other_political_or_pressure_groups croatia "NA" );; line 28326 (wfb::source-text member_of croatia "CCC, CE (guest), CEI, EBRD, ECE, FAO, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, ILO, IMF, IMO, INMARSAT, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, NAM (observer), OSCE, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO" );; line 28330 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us croatia chief_of_mission "Ambassador Petar A. SARCEVIC" );; line 28338 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us croatia chancery "2343 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008" );; line 28340 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us croatia telephone "[1] (202) 588-5899" );; line 28342 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us croatia fax "[1] (202) 588-8936" );; line 28344 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us croatia |consulate(s) general| "New York" );; line 28346 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation croatia chief_of_mission "Ambassador Peter W. GALBRAITH" );; line 28351 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation croatia embassy "Andrije Hebranga 2, Zagreb" );; line 28353 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation croatia mailing_address "US Embassy, Zagreb, Unit 1345, APO AE 09213-1345" );; line 28355 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation croatia telephone "[385] (41) 456-000" );; line 28357 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation croatia fax "[385] (41) 440-235" );; line 28359 (wfb::source-text flag croatia "red, white, and blue horizontal bands with Croatian coat of arms (red and white checkered)" );; line 28363 (wfb::source-text overview croatia "Before the dissolution of Yugoslavia, the republic of Croatia, after Slovenia, was the most prosperous and industrialized area, with a per capita output perhaps one-third above the Yugoslav average. At present, Croatian Serb Separatists control approximately one-third of the Croatian territory, and one of the overriding determinants of Croatia's long-term political and economic prospects will be the resolution of this territorial dispute. Croatia faces serious economic problems stemming from: the legacy of longtime Communist mismanagement of the economy; large foreign debt; damage during the fighting to bridges, factories, power lines, buildings, and houses; the large refugee population, both Croatian and Bosnian; and the disruption of economic ties to Serbia and the other former Yugoslav republics, as well as within its own territory. At the minimum, extensive Western aid and investment, especially in the tourist and oil industries, would seem necessary to revive the moribund economy. However, peace and political stability must come first; only then will recent government moves toward a \"market-friendly\" economy restore old levels of output. As of February 1995, fighting continues among Croats, Serbs, and Muslims, and national boundaries and final political arrangements are still in doubt." );; line 28369 (wfb::source-text national_product croatia "GDP - purchasing power parity - $12.4 billion (1994 est.)" );; line 28390 (wfb::source-text national_product_real_growth_rate croatia "3.4% (1994 est.)" );; line 28394 (wfb::source-text national_product_per_capita croatia "$2,640 (1994 est.)" );; line 28398 (wfb::source-text |Inflation rate (consumer prices)| croatia "3% (1994 est.)" );; line 28402 (wfb::source-text unemployment_rate croatia "17% (December 1994)" );; line 28406 (wfb::source-text budget croatia revenues "$NA" );; line 28411 (wfb::source-text budget croatia expenditures "$NA, including capital expenditures of $NA" );; line 28413 (wfb::source-text exports croatia "$3.9 billion (f.o.b., 1993)" );; line 28417 (wfb::source-text exports croatia commodities "machinery and transport equipment 30%, other manufacturers 37%, chemicals 11%, food and live animals 9%, raw materials 6.5%, fuels and lubricants 5% (1990)" );; line 28419 (wfb::source-text exports croatia partners "EC countries, Slovenia" );; line 28423 (wfb::source-text imports croatia "$4.7 billion (c.i.f., 1993)" );; line 28427 (wfb::source-text imports croatia commodities "machinery and transport equipment 21%, fuels and lubricants 19%, food and live animals 16%, chemicals 14%, manufactured goods 13%, miscellaneous manufactured articles 9%, raw materials 6.5%, beverages and tobacco 1% (1990)" );; line 28429 (wfb::source-text imports croatia partners "EC countries, Slovenia, FSU countries" );; line 28434 (wfb::source-text external_debt croatia "$2.9 billion (September 1994)" );; line 28438 (wfb::source-text industrial_production croatia "growth rate -4% (1994 est.)" );; line 28442 (wfb::source-text electricity croatia capacity "3,570,000 kW" );; line 28447 (wfb::source-text electricity croatia production "NA kWh" );; line 28449 (wfb::source-text electricity croatia consumption_per_capita "NA kWh (1993)" );; line 28451 (wfb::source-text industry croatia "chemicals and plastics, machine tools, fabricated metal, electronics, pig iron and rolled steel products, aluminum reduction, paper, wood products (including furniture), building materials (including cement), textiles, shipbuilding, petroleum and petroleum refining, food processing and beverages" );; line 28455 (wfb::source-text agriculture croatia "Croatia normally produces a food surplus; most agricultural land in private hands and concentrated in Croat-majority districts in Slavonia and Istria; much of Slavonia's land has been put out of production by fighting; wheat, corn, sugar beets, sunflowers, alfalfa, and clover are main crops in Slavonia; central Croatian highlands are less fertile but support cereal production, orchards, vineyards, livestock breeding, and dairy farming; coastal areas and offshore islands grow olives, citrus fruits, and vegetables" );; line 28463 (wfb::source-text economic_aid croatia recipient "IMF, $192 million" );; line 28475 (wfb::source-text currency croatia "1 Croatian kuna (HRK) = 100 paras" );; line 28479 (wfb::source-text exchange_rates croatia "Croatian kuna per US $1 - 5.6144 (November 1994)" );; line 28483 (wfb::source-text fiscal_year croatia "calendar year" );; line 28487 (wfb::source-text railroads croatia total "2,699 km" );; line 28493 (wfb::source-text railroads croatia standard_gauge "2,699 km 1.435-m gauge (963 km electrified)" );; line 28495 (wfb::source-text highways croatia total "27,368 km" );; line 28502 (wfb::source-text highways croatia paved "22,176 km (302 km of expressways)" );; line 28504 (wfb::source-text highways croatia unpaved "5,192 km (1991)" );; line 28506 (wfb::source-text inland_waterways croatia "785 km perennially navigable" );; line 28510 (wfb::source-text pipelines croatia "crude oil 670 km; petroleum products 20 km; natural gas 310 km (1992); note - now disrupted because of territorial dispute" );; line 28514 (wfb::source-text port croatia "Dubrovnik, Omis, Ploce, Pula, Rijeka, Sibenik, Split, Zadar" );; line 28519 (wfb::source-text merchant_marine croatia total "35 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 181,565 GRT/225,533 DWT" );; line 28524 (wfb::source-text merchant_marine croatia ships_by_type "bulk 1, cargo 20, chemical tanker 1, container 2, oil tanker 2, passenger 2, refrigerated cargo 1, roll-on/roll-off cargo 2, short-sea passenger 4" );; line 28526 (wfb::source-text airports croatia total "76" );; line 28537 (wfb::source-text airports croatia |with paved runways over 3,047 m| "2" );; line 28539 (wfb::source-text airports croatia |with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m| "6" );; line 28541 (wfb::source-text airports croatia |with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m| "2" );; line 28543 (wfb::source-text airports croatia |with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m| "1" );; line 28545 (wfb::source-text airports croatia with_paved_runways_under_914_m "55" );; line 28547 (wfb::source-text airports croatia |with unpaved runways 1,524 to 2,438 m| "2" );; line 28549 (wfb::source-text airports croatia |with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m| "8" );; line 28551 (wfb::source-text telephone_system croatia "350,000 telephones" );; line 28556 (wfb::source-text telephone_system croatia local "NA" );; line 28558 (wfb::source-text telephone_system croatia intercity "NA" );; line 28560 (wfb::source-text telephone_system croatia international "no satellite links" );; line 28562 (wfb::source-text radio croatia broadcast_stations "AM 14, FM 8, shortwave 0" );; line 28567 (wfb::source-text radio croatia radios "1.1 million" );; line 28569 (wfb::source-text television croatia broadcast_stations "12 (repeaters 2)" );; line 28574 (wfb::source-text television croatia televisions "1.027 million" );; line 28576 (wfb::source-text defense_branch croatia "Ground Forces, Naval Forces, Air and Air Defense Forces, Frontier Guard, Home Guard" );; line 28582 (wfb::source-text manpower_availability croatia "males age 15-49 1,183,184; males fit for military service 943,749; males reach military age (19) annually 32,831 (1995 est.)" );; line 28587 (wfb::source-text defense_expenditures croatia "337 billion to 393 billion dinars, NA% of GDP (1993 est.); note - conversion of defense expenditures into US dollars using the current exchange rate could produce misleading results" );; line 28592 (wfb::source-text location cuba "Caribbean, island between the Caribbean Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean, south of Florida" );; line 28604 (wfb::source-text map_references cuba "Central America and the Caribbean" );; line 28609 (wfb::source-text area cuba total_area "110,860 sq km" );; line 28614 (wfb::source-text area cuba land_area "110,860 sq km" );; line 28616 (wfb::source-text area cuba comparative_area "slightly smaller than Pennsylvania" );; line 28618 (wfb::source-text borders cuba "total 29 km, US Naval Base at Guantanamo Bay 29 km" );; line 28622 (wfb::source-text coastline cuba "3,735 km" );; line 28629 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims cuba exclusive_economic_zone "200 nm" );; line 28634 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims cuba territorial_sea "12 nm" );; line 28636 (wfb::source-text international_disputes cuba "US Naval Base at Guantanamo Bay is leased to US and only mutual agreement or US abandonment of the area can terminate the lease" );; line 28640 (wfb::source-text climate cuba "tropical; moderated by trade winds; dry season (November to April); rainy season (May to October)" );; line 28645 (wfb::source-text terrain cuba "mostly flat to rolling plains with rugged hills and mountains in the southeast" );; line 28650 (wfb::source-text natural-resource cuba "cobalt, nickel, iron ore, copper, manganese, salt, timber, silica, petroleum" );; line 28655 (wfb::source-text land_use cuba arable_land "23%" );; line 28661 (wfb::source-text land_use cuba permanent_crops "6%" );; line 28663 (wfb::source-text land_use cuba meadows_and_pastures "23%" );; line 28665 (wfb::source-text land_use cuba forest_and_woodland "17%" );; line 28667 (wfb::source-text land_use cuba other "31%" );; line 28669 (wfb::source-text irrigated_land cuba "8,960 sq km (1989)" );; line 28673 (wfb::source-text environment cuba current_issues "pollution of Havana Bay; overhunting threatens wildlife populations; deforestation" );; line 28678 (wfb::source-text environment cuba natural_hazards "the east coast is subject to hurricanes from August to October (in general, the country averages about one hurricane every other year); droughts are common" );; line 28681 (wfb::source-text environment cuba international_agreements "party to - Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution; signed, but not ratified - Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Desertification, Marine Life Conservation" );; line 28685 (wfb::source-text note cuba "largest country in Caribbean" );; line 28693 (wfb::source-text population cuba "10,937,635 (July 1995 est.)" );; line 28699 (wfb::source-text age_structure cuba 0-14_years "22% (female 1,191,320; male 1,256,928)" );; line 28704 (wfb::source-text age_structure cuba 15-64_years "68% (female 3,732,434; male 3,751,464)" );; line 28706 (wfb::source-text age_structure cuba 65_years_and_over "10% (female 528,104; male 477,385) (July 1995 est.)" );; line 28708 (wfb::source-text population_growth_rate cuba "0.65% (1995 est.)" );; line 28712 (wfb::source-text birth_rate cuba "14.54 births/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 28716 (wfb::source-text death_rate cuba "6.53 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 28720 (wfb::source-text net_migration_rate cuba "-1.55 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 28724 (wfb::source-text infant_mortality_rate cuba "8.1 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.)" );; line 28728 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth cuba total_population "77.05 years" );; line 28733 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth cuba male "74.86 years" );; line 28735 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth cuba female "79.37 years (1995 est.)" );; line 28737 (wfb::source-text total_fertility_rate cuba "1.63 children born/woman (1995 est.)" );; line 28741 (wfb::source-text nationality cuba noun "Cuban(s)" );; line 28746 (wfb::source-text nationality cuba adjective "Cuban" );; line 28748 (wfb::source-text ethnic-entity cuba "mulatto 51%, white 37%, black 11%, Chinese 1%" );; line 28752 (wfb::source-text religion cuba "nominally Roman Catholic 85% prior to Castro assuming power" );; line 28756 (wfb::source-text language cuba "Spanish" );; line 28760 (wfb::source-text literacy cuba "age 15-49 and over can read and write (1981)" );; line 28764 (wfb::source-text literacy cuba total_population "98%" );; line 28766 (wfb::source-text total_labor_force cuba "4,620,800 economically active population (1988); 3,578,800 in state sector" );; line 28770 (wfb::source-text labor_force_by_occupation cuba by_occupation "services and government 30%, industry 22%, agriculture 20%, commerce 11%, construction 10%, transportation and communications 7% (June 1990)" );; line 28773 (wfb::source-text names cuba conventional_long_form "Republic of Cuba" );; line 28781 (wfb::source-text names cuba conventional_short_form "Cuba" );; line 28783 (wfb::source-text names cuba local_long_form "Republica de Cuba" );; line 28785 (wfb::source-text names cuba local_short_form "Cuba" );; line 28787 (wfb::source-text digraph cuba "CU" );; line 28791 (wfb::source-text type cuba "Communist state" );; line 28795 (wfb::source-text capital cuba "Havana" );; line 28799 (wfb::source-text administrative_divisions cuba "14 provinces (provincias, singular - provincia) and 1 special municipality* (municipio especial); Camaguey, Ciego de Avila, Cienfuegos, Ciudad de La Habana, Granma, Guantanamo, Holguin, Isla de la Juventud*, La Habana, Las Tunas, Matanzas, Pinar del Rio, Sancti Spiritus, Santiago de Cuba, Villa Clara" );; line 28803 (wfb::source-text independence cuba "20 May 1902 (from Spain 10 December 1898; administered by the US from 1898 to 1902)" );; line 28811 (wfb::source-text national_holiday cuba "Rebellion Day, 26 July (1953)" );; line 28816 (wfb::source-text constitution cuba "24 February 1976" );; line 28820 (wfb::source-text legal_system cuba "based on Spanish and American law, with large elements of Communist legal theory; does not accept compulsory ICJ jurisdiction" );; line 28824 (wfb::source-text suffrage cuba "16 years of age; universal" );; line 28829 (wfb::source-text executive_branch cuba chief_of_state_and_head_of_government "President of the Council of State and President of the Council of Ministers Fidel CASTRO Ruz (Prime Minister from February 1959 until 24 February 1976 when office was abolished; President since 2 December 1976); First Vice President of the Council of State and First Vice President of the Council of Ministers Gen. Raul CASTRO Ruz (since 2 December 1976)" );; line 28834 (wfb::source-text executive_branch cuba cabinet "Council of Ministers; proposed by the president of the Council of State, appointed by the National Assembly" );; line 28840 (wfb::source-text legislative_structure cuba "unicameral" );; line 28845 (wfb::source-text legislative_branch cuba |National Assembly of People's Power| "(Asamblea Nacional del Poder Popular) elections last held February 1993 (next to be held NA); seats - 589 total, elected directly from slates approved by special candidacy commissions" );; line 28847 (wfb::source-text judicial_branch cuba "People's Supreme Court (Tribunal Supremo Popular)" );; line 28853 (wfb::source-text political_parties_and_leaders cuba "only party - Cuban Communist Party (PCC), Fidel CASTRO Ruz, first secretary" );; line 28857 (wfb::source-text member_of cuba "CCC, ECLAC, FAO, G-77, GATT, IAEA, ICAO, ICRM, IFAD, IFRCS, ILO, IMO, INMARSAT, INTELSAT (nonsignatory user), INTERPOL, IOC, ISO, ITU, LAES, LAIA (observer), NAM, OAS (excluded from formal participation since 1962), PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO" );; line 28862 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us cuba chief_of_mission "Principal Officer Alfonso FRAGA PEREZ (since August 1992) represented by the Cuban Interests Section of the Swiss Embassy in Washington, DC" );; line 28870 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us cuba chancery "2630 and 2639 16th Street NW, Cuban Interests Section, Swiss Embassy, Washington, DC 20009" );; line 28873 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us cuba telephone "[1] (202) 797-8609, 8610, 8615" );; line 28876 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation cuba chief_of_mission "Principal Officer Joseph G. SULLIVAN" );; line 28881 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation cuba us_interests_section "USINT, Swiss Embassy, Calzada Entre L Y M, Vedado Seccion, Havana" );; line 28883 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation cuba mailing_address "use street address" );; line 28886 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation cuba telephone "33-3551 through 3559, 33-3543 through 3547, 33-3700 (operator assistance required)" );; line 28888 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation cuba fax "Telex 512206" );; line 28891 (wfb::source-text flag cuba "five equal horizontal bands of blue (top and bottom) alternating with white; a red equilateral triangle based on the hoist side bears a white five-pointed star in the center" );; line 28898 (wfb::source-text overview cuba "Cuba's heavily statist economy remains severely depressed as the result of its own inefficiencies and the loss of massive amounts of economic aid from the former Soviet Bloc. Total output in 1994 was only about half the output of 1989. The fall in output and in imports is reflected in the deterioration of food supplies, shortages of electricity, inability to get spare parts, and the replacement of motor-driven vehicles by bicycles and draft animals. Higher world market prices for sugar and nickel in 1994, however, resulted in a slight increase in export earnings for the first time in six years, despite lower production of both commodities. The growth of tourism slowed in late 1994 as a result of negative publicity surrounding the exodus of Cubans from the island and other international factors. The government continued its aggressive search for foreign investment and announced preliminary agreements to form large joint ventures with Mexican investors in telecommunications and oil refining. In mid-1994, the National Assembly began introducing several new taxes and price increases to stem growing excess liquidity and restore some of the peso's value as a monetary instrument. In October the government attempted to stimulate food production by permitting the sale of any surplus production (over state quotas) at unrestricted prices at designated markets. Similar but much smaller markets were also introduced for the sale of manufactured goods in December. The various government measures have influenced a remarkable appreciation of the black market value of the peso, from more than 100 pesos to the dollar in September 1994 to 40 pesos to the dollar in early 1995. Policy discussions continue in the bureaucracy over the proper pace and scope of economic reform." );; line 28905 (wfb::source-text national_product cuba "GDP - purchasing power parity - $14 billion (1994 est.)" );; line 28932 (wfb::source-text national_product_real_growth_rate cuba "0.4% (1994 est.)" );; line 28936 (wfb::source-text national_product_per_capita cuba "$1,260 (1994 est.)" );; line 28940 (wfb::source-text |Inflation rate (consumer prices)| cuba "NA%" );; line 28944 (wfb::source-text unemployment_rate cuba "NA%" );; line 28948 (wfb::source-text budget cuba revenues "$9.3 billion" );; line 28953 (wfb::source-text budget cuba expenditures "$12.5 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA (1994 est.)" );; line 28955 (wfb::source-text exports cuba "$1.6 billion (f.o.b., 1994 est.)" );; line 28959 (wfb::source-text exports cuba commodities "sugar, nickel, shellfish, tobacco, medical products, citrus, coffee" );; line 28961 (wfb::source-text exports cuba partners "Russia 15%, Canada 9%, China 8%, Egypt 6%, Spain 5%, Japan 4%, Morocco 4% (1994 est.)" );; line 28964 (wfb::source-text imports cuba "$1.7 billion (c.i.f., 1994 est.)" );; line 28969 (wfb::source-text imports cuba commodities "petroleum, food, machinery, chemicals" );; line 28971 (wfb::source-text imports cuba partners "Spain 17%, Mexico 10%, France 8%, China 8%, Venezuela 7%, Italy 4%, Canada 3% (1994 est.)" );; line 28973 (wfb::source-text external_debt cuba "$10.8 billion (convertible currency, December 1993)" );; line 28978 (wfb::source-text industrial_production cuba "growth rate NA%" );; line 28982 (wfb::source-text electricity cuba capacity "3,990,000 kW" );; line 28987 (wfb::source-text electricity cuba production "12 billion kWh" );; line 28989 (wfb::source-text electricity cuba consumption_per_capita "1,022 kWh (1993)" );; line 28991 (wfb::source-text industry cuba "sugar milling and refining, petroleum refining, food and tobacco processing, textiles, chemicals, paper and wood products, metals (particularly nickel), cement, fertilizers, consumer goods, agricultural machinery" );; line 28995 (wfb::source-text agriculture cuba "key commercial crops - sugarcane, tobacco, and citrus fruits; other products - coffee, rice, potatoes, meat, beans; world's largest sugar exporter; not self-sufficient in food (excluding sugar); sector hurt by persistent shortages of fuels and parts" );; line 29001 (wfb::source-text economic_aid cuba recipient "Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-89), $710 million; Communist countries (1970-89), $18.5 billion" );; line 29009 (wfb::source-text currency cuba "1 Cuban peso (Cu$) = 100 centavos" );; line 29014 (wfb::source-text exchange_rates cuba "Cuban pesos (Cu$) per US$1 - 1.0000 (non-convertible, official rate, linked to the US dollar)" );; line 29018 (wfb::source-text fiscal_year cuba "calendar year" );; line 29023 (wfb::source-text railroads cuba total "12,623 km" );; line 29029 (wfb::source-text railroads cuba standard_gauge "4,881 km 1.435-m gauge (151.7 km electrified)" );; line 29031 (wfb::source-text railroads cuba other "7,742 km 0.914- and 1.435-m gauge for sugar plantation lines" );; line 29033 (wfb::source-text highways cuba total "26,477 km" );; line 29038 (wfb::source-text highways cuba paved "14,477 km" );; line 29040 (wfb::source-text highways cuba unpaved "gravel or earth 12,000 km (1989)" );; line 29042 (wfb::source-text inland_waterways cuba "240 km" );; line 29046 (wfb::source-text port cuba "Cienfuegos, La Habana, Manzanillo, Mariel, Matanzas, Nuevitas, Santiago de Cuba" );; line 29050 (wfb::source-text merchant_marine cuba total "48 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 278,103 GRT/396,138 DWT" );; line 29056 (wfb::source-text merchant_marine cuba ships_by_type "bulk 1, cargo 22, chemical tanker 1, liquefied gas tanker 4, oil tanker 10, passenger-cargo 1, refrigerated cargo 9" );; line 29058 (wfb::source-text airports cuba total "181" );; line 29067 (wfb::source-text airports cuba |with paved runways over 3,047 m| "7" );; line 29069 (wfb::source-text airports cuba |with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m| "8" );; line 29071 (wfb::source-text airports cuba |with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m| "13" );; line 29073 (wfb::source-text airports cuba |with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m| "10" );; line 29075 (wfb::source-text airports cuba with_paved_runways_under_914_m "106" );; line 29077 (wfb::source-text airports cuba |with unpaved runways 1,524 to 2,438 m| "1" );; line 29079 (wfb::source-text airports cuba |with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m| "36" );; line 29081 (wfb::source-text telephone_system cuba "229,000 telephones; 20.7 telephones/1,000 persons; among the world's least developed telephone systems" );; line 29086 (wfb::source-text telephone_system cuba local "NA" );; line 29089 (wfb::source-text telephone_system cuba intercity "NA" );; line 29091 (wfb::source-text telephone_system cuba international "1 INTELSAT (Atlantic Ocean) earth station" );; line 29093 (wfb::source-text radio cuba broadcast_stations "AM 150, FM 5, shortwave 0" );; line 29098 (wfb::source-text radio cuba radios "2.14 million" );; line 29100 (wfb::source-text television cuba broadcast_stations "58" );; line 29105 (wfb::source-text television cuba televisions "1.53 million" );; line 29107 (wfb::source-text defense_branch cuba "Revolutionary Armed Forces (FAR) includes ground forces, Revolutionary Navy (MGR), Air and Air Defense Force (DAAFAR), Territorial Militia Troops (MTT), and Youth Labor Army (EJT); Interior Ministry Border Guards (TGF)," );; line 29113 (wfb::source-text manpower_availability cuba "males age 15-49 3,065,751; females age 15-49 3,023,997; males fit for military service 1,909,901; females fit for military service 1,878,768; males reach military age (17) annually 72,582; females reach military age (17) annually 69,361 (1995 est.)" );; line 29120 (wfb::source-text defense_expenditures cuba "exchange rate conversion - approx. $600 million, 4% of GSP (gross social product) in 1994 was for defense" );; line 29127 (wfb::source-text note cuba "Moscow, for decades the key military supporter and supplier of Cuba, cut off military aid by 1993" );; line 29132 (wfb::source-text location cyprus "Middle East, island in the Mediterreanean Sea, south of Turkey" );; line 29143 (wfb::source-text map_references cyprus "Middle East" );; line 29147 (wfb::source-text area cyprus total_area "9,250 sq km (note - 3,355 sq km are in the Turkish area)" );; line 29152 (wfb::source-text area cyprus land_area "9,240 sq km" );; line 29154 (wfb::source-text area cyprus comparative_area "about 0.7 times the size of Connecticut" );; line 29156 (wfb::source-text borders cyprus "0 km" );; line 29160 (wfb::source-text coastline cyprus "648 km" );; line 29164 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims cyprus continental_shelf "200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation" );; line 29169 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims cyprus territorial_sea "12 nm" );; line 29171 (wfb::source-text international_disputes cyprus "1974 hostilities divided the island into two de facto autonomous areas, a Greek area controlled by the Cypriot Government (59% of the island's land area) and a Turkish-Cypriot area (37% of the island), that are separated by a UN buffer zone (4% of the island); there are two UK sovereign base areas within the Greek Cypriot portion of the island" );; line 29175 (wfb::source-text climate cyprus "temperate, Mediterranean with hot, dry summers and cool, wet winters" );; line 29183 (wfb::source-text terrain cyprus "central plain with mountains to north and south; scattered but significant plains along southern coast" );; line 29188 (wfb::source-text natural-resource cyprus "copper, pyrites, asbestos, gypsum, timber, salt, marble, clay earth pigment" );; line 29193 (wfb::source-text land_use cyprus arable_land "40%" );; line 29199 (wfb::source-text land_use cyprus permanent_crops "7%" );; line 29201 (wfb::source-text land_use cyprus meadows_and_pastures "10%" );; line 29203 (wfb::source-text land_use cyprus forest_and_woodland "18%" );; line 29205 (wfb::source-text land_use cyprus other "25%" );; line 29207 (wfb::source-text irrigated_land cyprus "350 sq km (1989)" );; line 29211 (wfb::source-text environment cyprus current_issues "water resource problems (no natural reservoir catchments, seasonal disparity in rainfall, and most potable resources concentrated in the Turkish Cypriot area); water pollution from sewage and industrial wastes; coastal degradation; loss of wildlife habitats from urbanization" );; line 29216 (wfb::source-text environment cyprus natural_hazards "moderate earthquake activity" );; line 29221 (wfb::source-text environment cyprus international_agreements "party to - Air Pollution, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution; signed, but not ratified - Biodiversity, Climate Change" );; line 29223 (wfb::source-text population cyprus total "736,636 (July 1995 est.) (78% Greek, 18% Turk, 4% other)" );; line 29233 (wfb::source-text population cyprus greek_area "602,656 (July 1995 est.) (94.9% Greek, 0.3% Turk, 4.8% other)" );; line 29235 (wfb::source-text population cyprus turkish_area "133,980 (July 1995 est.) (2.1% Greek, 97.7% Turk, 0.2% other)" );; line 29237 (wfb::source-text age_structure cyprus 0-14_years "26% (female 92,179; male 97,723)" );; line 29242 (wfb::source-text age_structure cyprus 15-64_years "64% (female 234,929; male 236,693)" );; line 29244 (wfb::source-text age_structure cyprus 65_years_and_over "10% (female 42,190; male 32,922) (July 1995 est.)" );; line 29246 (wfb::source-text population_growth_rate cyprus "0.88% (1995 est.)" );; line 29250 (wfb::source-text birth_rate cyprus "16.27 births/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 29254 (wfb::source-text death_rate cyprus "7.48 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 29258 (wfb::source-text net_migration_rate cyprus "0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 29262 (wfb::source-text infant_mortality_rate cyprus "8.6 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.)" );; line 29266 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth cyprus total_population "76.47 years" );; line 29271 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth cyprus male "74.19 years" );; line 29273 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth cyprus female "78.85 years (1995 est.)" );; line 29275 (wfb::source-text total_fertility_rate cyprus "2.3 children born/woman (1995 est.)" );; line 29279 (wfb::source-text nationality cyprus noun "Cypriot(s)" );; line 29284 (wfb::source-text nationality cyprus adjective "Cypriot" );; line 29286 (wfb::source-text ethnic-entity cyprus total "Greek 78% (99.5% of the Greeks live in the Greek area; 0.5% of the Greeks live in the Turkish area), Turkish 18% (1.3% of the Turks live in the Greek area; 98.7% of the Turks live in the Turkish area), other 4% (99.2% of the other ethnic groups live in the Greek area; 0.8% of the other ethnic groups live in the Turkish area)" );; line 29291 (wfb::source-text religion cyprus "Greek Orthodox 78%, Muslim 18%, Maronite, Armenian Apostolic, and other 4%" );; line 29299 (wfb::source-text language cyprus "Greek, Turkish, English" );; line 29304 (wfb::source-text literacy cyprus "age 15 and over can read and write (1987 est.)" );; line 29308 (wfb::source-text literacy cyprus total_population "94%" );; line 29310 (wfb::source-text literacy cyprus male "98%" );; line 29312 (wfb::source-text literacy cyprus female "91%" );; line 29314 (wfb::source-text labor_force_by_occupation cyprus by_occupation "services 57%, industry 29%, agriculture 14% (1992)" );; line 29321 (wfb::source-text labor_force_by_occupation cyprus by_occupation "services 52%, industry 23%, agriculture 25% (1992)" );; line 29325 (wfb::source-text names cyprus conventional_long_form "Republic of Cyprus" );; line 29331 (wfb::source-text names cyprus conventional_short_form "Cyprus" );; line 29333 (wfb::source-text abbreviation cyprus "the Turkish area is sometimes referred to as the TRNC which is short for \"Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus\"" );; line 29340 (wfb::source-text digraph cyprus "CY" );; line 29345 (wfb::source-text type cyprus "republic" );; line 29349 (wfb::source-text capital cyprus "Nicosia" );; line 29363 (wfb::source-text administrative_divisions cyprus "6 districts; Famagusta, Kyrenia, Larnaca, Limassol, Nicosia, Paphos; note - Turkish area administrative divisions include Kyrenia, all but a small part of Famagusta, and small parts of Nicosia and Larnaca" );; line 29369 (wfb::source-text independence cyprus "16 August 1960 (from UK)" );; line 29375 (wfb::source-text national_holiday cyprus "Independence Day, 1 October" );; line 29382 (wfb::source-text constitution cyprus "16 August 1960; negotiations to create the basis for a new or revised constitution to govern the island and to better relations between Greek and Turkish Cypriots have been held intermittently; in 1975 Turkish Cypriots created their own Constitution and governing bodies within the \"Turkish Federated State of Cyprus,\" which was renamed the \"Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus\" in 1983; a new Constitution for the Turkish area passed by referendum on 5 May 1985" );; line 29388 (wfb::source-text legal_system cyprus "based on common law, with civil law modifications" );; line 29398 (wfb::source-text suffrage cyprus "18 years of age; universal" );; line 29402 (wfb::source-text executive_branch cyprus chief_of_state_and_head_of_government "President Glafcos CLERIDES (since 28 February 1993); election last held 14 February 1993 (next to be held February 1998); results - Glafkos CLERIDES 50.3%, George VASSILIOU 49.7%" );; line 29407 (wfb::source-text executive_branch cyprus cabinet "Council of Ministers; appointed jointly by the president and vice-president" );; line 29411 (wfb::source-text legislative_structure cyprus "unicameral" );; line 29422 (wfb::source-text legislative_branch cyprus |Greek area: House of Representatives (Vouli Antiprosopon)| "elections last held 19 May 1991 (next to be held NA); results - DISY 35.8%, AKEL (Communist) 30.6%, DIKO 19.5%, EDEK 10.9%; others 3.2%; seats - (56 total) DISY 20, AKEL (Communist) 18, DIKO 11, EDEK 7" );; line 29424 (wfb::source-text legislative_branch cyprus |Turkish area: Assembly of the Republic (Cumhuriyet Meclisi)| "elections last held 12 December 1993 (next to be held NA); results - UBP 29.9%, DP 29.2%, CTP 24.2% TKP 13.3%, others 3.4%; seats - (50 total) UBP (conservative) 15, DP 16, CTP 13, TKP 5, UDP 1" );; line 29428 (wfb::source-text judicial_branch cyprus "Supreme Court; note - there is also a Supreme Court in the Turkish area" );; line 29434 (wfb::source-text political_parties_and_leaders cyprus greek_area "Progressive Party of the Working People (AKEL, Communist Party), Dimitrios CHRISTOFIAS; Democratic Rally (DISY), John MATSIS; Democratic Party (DIKO), Spyros KYPRIANOU; United Democratic Union of the Center (EDEK), Vassos LYSSARIDIS; Socialist Democratic Renewal Movement (ADISOK), Mikhalis PAPAPETROU; Liberal Party, Nikos ROLANDIS; Free Democrats, George VASSILIOU" );; line 29440 (wfb::source-text political_parties_and_leaders cyprus turkish_area "National Unity Party (UBP), Dervis EROGLU; Communal Liberation Party (TKP), Mustafa AKINCI; Republican Turkish Party (CTP), Ozker OZGUR; New Cyprus Party (YKP), Alpay DURDURAN; Free Democratic Party (HDP), Ismet KOTAK; National Justice Party (MAP), Zorlu TORE; Unity and Sovereignty Party (BEP), Arif Salih KIRDAG; Democratic Party (DP), Hakki ATUN; Fatherland Party (VP), Orhan UCOK; National Birth Party (UDP); the HDP, MAP, and VP merged under the label National Struggle Unity Party (MMBP) to compete in the 12 December 1993 legislative election" );; line 29446 (wfb::source-text other_political_or_pressure_groups cyprus "United Democratic Youth Organization (EDON, Communist controlled); Union of Cyprus Farmers (EKA, Communist controlled); Cyprus Farmers Union (PEK, pro-West); Pan-Cyprian Labor Federation (PEO, Communist controlled); Confederation of Cypriot Workers (SEK, pro-West); Federation of Turkish Cypriot Labor Unions (Turk-Sen); Confederation of Revolutionary Labor Unions (Dev-Is)" );; line 29457 (wfb::source-text member_of cyprus "C, CCC, CE, EBRD, ECE, FAO, G-77, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS (associate), ILO, IMF, IMO, INMARSAT, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, NAM, OAS (observer), OSCE, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO" );; line 29465 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us cyprus chief_of_mission "Ambassador Andreas J. JACOVIDES" );; line 29473 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us cyprus chancery "2211 R Street NW, Washington, DC 20008" );; line 29475 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us cyprus telephone "[1] (202) 462-5772" );; line 29477 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us cyprus |consulate(s) general| "New York" );; line 29479 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation cyprus chief_of_mission "Ambassador Richard A. BOUCHER" );; line 29487 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation cyprus embassy "corner of Metochiou and Ploutarchou Streets, Engomi, Nicosia" );; line 29489 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation cyprus mailing_address "P. O. Box 4536 APO AE 09836" );; line 29491 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation cyprus telephone "[357] (2) 476100" );; line 29493 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation cyprus fax "[357] (2) 465944" );; line 29495 (wfb::source-text flag cyprus "white with a copper-colored silhouette of the island (the name Cyprus is derived from the Greek word for copper) above two green crossed olive branches in the center of the flag; the branches symbolize the hope for peace and reconciliation between the Greek and Turkish communities" );; line 29499 (wfb::source-text overview cyprus "The Greek Cypriot economy is small, diversified, and prosperous. Industry contributes 14% to GDP and employs 29% of the labor force, while the service sector contributes 53% to GDP and employs 57% of the labor force. An average 6.8% rise in real GDP between 1986 and 1990 was temporarily checked in 1991, because of the adverse effects of the Gulf war on tourism. After surging 8.5% in 1992, growth slowed to 2.0% in 1993 - its lowest level in two decades - because of the decline in tourist arrivals associated with the recession in Western Europe, Cyprus' main trading partner, and the loss in export competitiveness due to a sharp rise in unit labor costs. Real GDP is likely to have picked up in 1994, and inflation is estimated to have risen to between 5% and 6%. The Turkish Cypriot economy has less than one-third the per capita GDP of the south. Because it is recognized only by Turkey, it has had much difficulty arranging foreign financing, and foreign firms have hesitated to invest there. The economy remains heavily dependent on agriculture, which employs one-quarter of the work force. Moreover, because the Turkish lira is legal tender, the Turkish Cypriot economy has suffered the same high inflation as mainland Turkey. The small, vulnerable economy is estimated to have experienced a sharp drop in growth during 1994 because of the severe economic crisis affecting the mainland. To compensate for the economy's weakness, Turkey provides direct and indirect aid to nearly every sector; financial support has risen in value to about one-third of Turkish Cypriot GDP." );; line 29510 (wfb::source-text national_product cyprus greek_area "GDP - purchasing power parity - $7.3 billion (1994 est.)" );; line 29535 (wfb::source-text national_product cyprus turkish_area "GDP - purchasing power parity - $510 million (1994 est.)" );; line 29537 (wfb::source-text national_product_real_growth_rate cyprus greek_area "5% (1994 est.)" );; line 29542 (wfb::source-text national_product_real_growth_rate cyprus turkish_area "-4% (1994 est.)" );; line 29544 (wfb::source-text national_product_per_capita cyprus greek_area "$12,500 (1994 est.)" );; line 29549 (wfb::source-text national_product_per_capita cyprus turkish_area "$3,500 (1994 est.)" );; line 29551 (wfb::source-text |Inflation rate (consumer prices)| cyprus greek_area "4.8% (1993)" );; line 29556 (wfb::source-text |Inflation rate (consumer prices)| cyprus turkish_area "63.4% (1992)" );; line 29558 (wfb::source-text unemployment_rate cyprus greek_area "2.3% (1993)" );; line 29563 (wfb::source-text unemployment_rate cyprus turkish_area "1.2% (1992)" );; line 29565 (wfb::source-text budget cyprus revenues "Greek area - $1.8 billion" );; line 29570 (wfb::source-text budget cyprus revenues "Turkish area - $285 million" );; line 29571 (wfb::source-text budget cyprus expenditures "Greek area - $2.4 billion, including capital expenditures of $400 million" );; line 29573 (wfb::source-text budget cyprus expenditures "Turkish area - $377 million, including capital expenditures of $80 million (1995 est.)" );; line 29575 (wfb::source-text exports cyprus "$868 million (f.o.b., 1993)" );; line 29580 (wfb::source-text exports cyprus commodities "citrus, potatoes, grapes, wine, cement, clothing and shoes" );; line 29582 (wfb::source-text exports cyprus partners "UK 18%, Greece 9%, Lebanon 14%, Germany 6%" );; line 29584 (wfb::source-text imports cyprus "$2.6 billion (f.o.b., 1993)" );; line 29588 (wfb::source-text imports cyprus commodities "consumer goods, petroleum and lubricants, food and feed grains, machinery" );; line 29590 (wfb::source-text imports cyprus partners "UK 13%, Japan 9%, Italy 10%, Germany 8%, US 8%" );; line 29593 (wfb::source-text external_debt cyprus "$2.4 billion (1993)" );; line 29597 (wfb::source-text industrial_production cyprus "growth rate 0.1% (1993); accounts for 14% of GDP" );; line 29601 (wfb::source-text electricity cyprus capacity "550,000 kW" );; line 29606 (wfb::source-text electricity cyprus production "2.3 billion kWh" );; line 29608 (wfb::source-text electricity cyprus consumption_per_capita "2,903 kWh (1993)" );; line 29610 (wfb::source-text industry cyprus "food, beverages, textiles, chemicals, metal products, tourism, wood products" );; line 29614 (wfb::source-text agriculture cyprus "contributes 6% to GDP and employs 25% of labor force in the south; major crops - potatoes, vegetables, barley, grapes, olives, citrus fruits; vegetables and fruit provide 25% of export revenues" );; line 29619 (wfb::source-text illicit_drugs cyprus "transit point for heroin via air routes and container traffic to Europe, especially from Lebanon and Turkey" );; line 29625 (wfb::source-text economic_aid cyprus recipient "US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-89), $292 million; Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-89), $250 million; OPEC bilateral aid (1979-89), $62 million; Communist countries (1970-89), $24 million" );; line 29631 (wfb::source-text currency cyprus "1 Cypriot pound (#C) = 100 cents; 1 Turkish lira (TL) = 100 kurus" );; line 29638 (wfb::source-text exchange_rates cyprus "Cypriot pounds per $US1 - 0.4725 (January 1995), 0.4915 (1994), 0.4970 (1993), 0.4502 (1992), 0.4615 (1991), 0.4572 (1990); Turkish liras (TL) per US$1 - 37,444.1 (December 1994), 29,608.7 (1994), 10,984.6 (1993), 6,872.4 (1992), 4,171.8 (1991), 2,608.6 (1990)" );; line 29642 (wfb::source-text fiscal_year cyprus "calendar year" );; line 29649 (wfb::source-text railroads cyprus "0 km" );; line 29654 (wfb::source-text highways cyprus greek_area "*** No data for this item ***" );; line 29659 (wfb::source-text highways cyprus total "10,448 km" );; line 29661 (wfb::source-text highways cyprus paved "5,694 km" );; line 29663 (wfb::source-text highways cyprus unpaved "gravel, crushed stone, earth 4,754 km (1992)" );; line 29665 (wfb::source-text highways cyprus turkish_area "*** No data for this item ***" );; line 29667 (wfb::source-text highways cyprus total "6,116 km" );; line 29669 (wfb::source-text highways cyprus paved "5,278 km" );; line 29671 (wfb::source-text highways cyprus unpaved "838 km" );; line 29673 (wfb::source-text port cyprus "Famagusta, Kyrenia, Larnaca, Limassol, Vasilikos Bay" );; line 29677 (wfb::source-text merchant_marine cyprus total "1,446 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 22,911,818 GRT/39,549,216 DWT" );; line 29682 (wfb::source-text merchant_marine cyprus ships_by_type "bulk 473, cargo 530, chemical tanker 28, combination bulk 55, combination ore/oil 24, container 92, liquefied gas tanker 3, multifunction large-load carrier 5, oil tanker 120, passenger 5, passenger-cargo 1, railcar carrier 1, refrigerated cargo 58, roll-on/roll-off cargo 33, short-sea passenger 14, specialized tanker 2, vehicle carrier 2" );; line 29685 (wfb::source-text airports cyprus total "15" );; line 29698 (wfb::source-text airports cyprus |with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m| "7" );; line 29700 (wfb::source-text airports cyprus |with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m| "3" );; line 29702 (wfb::source-text airports cyprus with_paved_runways_under_914_m "4" );; line 29704 (wfb::source-text airports cyprus |with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m| "1" );; line 29706 (wfb::source-text telephone_system cyprus "210,000 telephones; excellent in both the area controlled by the Cypriot Government (Greek area), and in the Turkish-Cypriot administered area; largely open-wire and microwave radio relay" );; line 29711 (wfb::source-text telephone_system cyprus local "NA" );; line 29715 (wfb::source-text telephone_system cyprus intercity "microwave radio relay" );; line 29717 (wfb::source-text telephone_system cyprus international "international service by tropospheric scatter, 3 submarine cables, and 2 INTELSAT (1 Atlantic Ocean and 1 Indian Ocean) and 1 EUTELSAT earth station" );; line 29719 (wfb::source-text radio cyprus greek_sector "NA" );; line 29726 (wfb::source-text radio cyprus broadcast_stations "AM 11, FM 8, shortwave 0" );; line 29728 (wfb::source-text radio cyprus radios "NA" );; line 29730 (wfb::source-text radio cyprus turkish_sector "NA" );; line 29732 (wfb::source-text radio cyprus broadcast_stations "AM 2, FM 6, shortwave 0" );; line 29734 (wfb::source-text radio cyprus radios "NA" );; line 29736 (wfb::source-text television cyprus greek_sector "NA" );; line 29741 (wfb::source-text television cyprus broadcast_stations "1 (repeaters 34)" );; line 29743 (wfb::source-text television cyprus televisions "NA" );; line 29745 (wfb::source-text television cyprus turkish_sector "NA" );; line 29747 (wfb::source-text television cyprus broadcast_stations "1" );; line 29749 (wfb::source-text television cyprus televisions "NA" );; line 29751 (wfb::source-text defense_branch cyprus greek_area "Greek Cypriot National Guard (GCNG; includes air and naval elements), Greek Cypriot Police" );; line 29758 (wfb::source-text defense_branch cyprus turkish_area "Turkish Cypriot Security Force" );; line 29761 (wfb::source-text manpower_availability cyprus "males age 15-49 188,231; males fit for military service 129,397; males reach military age (18) annually 5,467 (1995 est.)" );; line 29765 (wfb::source-text defense_expenditures cyprus "exchange rate conversion - $457 million, 5.6% of GDP (1995)" );; line 29770 (wfb::source-text location czech_republic "Central Europe, southeast of Germany" );; line 29780 (wfb::source-text map_references czech_republic "Ethnic Groups in Eastern Europe, Europe" );; line 29784 (wfb::source-text area czech_republic total_area "78,703 sq km" );; line 29789 (wfb::source-text area czech_republic land_area "78,645 sq km" );; line 29791 (wfb::source-text area czech_republic comparative_area "slightly smaller than South Carolina" );; line 29793 (wfb::source-text borders czech_republic "total 1,880 km, Austria 362 km, Germany 646 km, Poland 658 km, Slovakia 214 km" );; line 29797 (wfb::source-text coastline czech_republic "0 km (landlocked)" );; line 29802 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims czech_republic "none; landlocked" );; line 29806 (wfb::source-text international_disputes czech_republic "Liechtenstein claims restitution for l,600 square kilometers of Czech territory confiscated from its royal family in 1918; Sudeten German claims for restitution of property confiscated in connection with their expulsion after World War II versus the Czech Republic claims that restitution does not preceed before February 1948 when the Communists seized power; unresolved property issues with Slovakia over redistribution of property of the former Czechoslovak federal government" );; line 29810 (wfb::source-text climate czech_republic "temperate; cool summers; cold, cloudy, humid winters" );; line 29820 (wfb::source-text terrain czech_republic "two main regions: Bohemia in the west, consisting of rolling plains, hills, and plateaus surrounded by low mountains; and Moravia in the east, consisting of very hilly country" );; line 29824 (wfb::source-text natural-resource czech_republic "hard coal, soft coal, kaolin, clay, graphite" );; line 29830 (wfb::source-text land_use czech_republic arable_land "NA%" );; line 29835 (wfb::source-text land_use czech_republic permanent_crops "NA%" );; line 29837 (wfb::source-text land_use czech_republic meadows_and_pastures "NA%" );; line 29839 (wfb::source-text land_use czech_republic forest_and_woodland "NA%" );; line 29841 (wfb::source-text land_use czech_republic other "NA%" );; line 29843 (wfb::source-text irrigated_land czech_republic "NA sq km" );; line 29847 (wfb::source-text environment czech_republic current_issues "air and water pollution in areas of northwest Bohemia centered around Zeplica and in northern Moravia around Ostrava present health risks; acid rain damaging forests" );; line 29852 (wfb::source-text environment czech_republic natural_hazards "NA" );; line 29856 (wfb::source-text environment czech_republic international_agreements "party to - Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Sulphur 85, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands; signed, but not ratified - Air Pollution-Sulphur 94, Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Law of the Sea" );; line 29858 (wfb::source-text note czech_republic "landlocked; strategically located astride some of oldest and most significant land routes in Europe; Moravian Gate is a traditional military corridor between the North European Plain and the Danube in central Europe" );; line 29866 (wfb::source-text population czech_republic "10,432,774 (July 1995 est.)" );; line 29874 (wfb::source-text age_structure czech_republic 0-14_years "19% (female 981,918; male 1,030,003)" );; line 29879 (wfb::source-text age_structure czech_republic 15-64_years "68% (female 3,529,411; male 3,530,112)" );; line 29881 (wfb::source-text age_structure czech_republic 65_years_and_over "13% (female 848,599; male 512,731) (July 1995 est.)" );; line 29883 (wfb::source-text population_growth_rate czech_republic "0.26% (1995 est.)" );; line 29887 (wfb::source-text birth_rate czech_republic "13.46 births/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 29891 (wfb::source-text death_rate czech_republic "10.85 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 29895 (wfb::source-text net_migration_rate czech_republic "0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 29899 (wfb::source-text infant_mortality_rate czech_republic "8.9 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.)" );; line 29903 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth czech_republic total_population "73.54 years" );; line 29908 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth czech_republic male "69.87 years" );; line 29910 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth czech_republic female "77.41 years (1995 est.)" );; line 29912 (wfb::source-text total_fertility_rate czech_republic "1.84 children born/woman (1995 est.)" );; line 29916 (wfb::source-text nationality czech_republic noun "Czech(s)" );; line 29921 (wfb::source-text nationality czech_republic adjective "Czech" );; line 29923 (wfb::source-text ethnic-entity czech_republic "Czech 94.4%, Slovak 3%, Polish 0.6%, German 0.5%, Gypsy 0.3%, Hungarian 0.2%, other 1%" );; line 29929 (wfb::source-text religion czech_republic "atheist 39.8%, Roman Catholic 39.2%, Protestant 4.6%, Orthodox 3%, other 13.4%" );; line 29934 (wfb::source-text language czech_republic "Czech, Slovak" );; line 29939 (wfb::source-text literacy czech_republic "can read and write" );; line 29943 (wfb::source-text literacy czech_republic total_population "99%" );; line 29945 (wfb::source-text total_labor_force czech_republic "5.389 million" );; line 29949 (wfb::source-text labor_force_by_occupation czech_republic by_occupation "industry 37.9%, agriculture 8.1%, construction 8.8%, communications and other 45.2% (1990)" );; line 29951 (wfb::source-text names czech_republic conventional_long_form "Czech Republic" );; line 29958 (wfb::source-text names czech_republic conventional_short_form "Czech Republic" );; line 29960 (wfb::source-text names czech_republic local_long_form "Ceska Republika" );; line 29962 (wfb::source-text names czech_republic local_short_form "Cechy" );; line 29964 (wfb::source-text digraph czech_republic "EZ" );; line 29968 (wfb::source-text type czech_republic "parliamentary democracy" );; line 29972 (wfb::source-text capital czech_republic "Prague" );; line 29976 (wfb::source-text administrative_divisions czech_republic "8 regions (kraje, kraj - singular); Jihocesky, Jihomoravsky, Praha, Severocesky, Severomoravsky, Stredocesky, Vychodocesky, Zapadocesky" );; line 29980 (wfb::source-text independence czech_republic "1 January 1993 (from Czechoslovakia)" );; line 29985 (wfb::source-text national_holiday czech_republic "National Liberation Day, 9 May; Founding of the Republic, 28 October" );; line 29989 (wfb::source-text constitution czech_republic "ratified 16 December 1992; effective 1 January 1993" );; line 29994 (wfb::source-text legal_system czech_republic "civil law system based on Austro-Hungarian codes; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction; legal code modified to bring it in line with Organization on Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE) obligations and to expunge Marxist-Leninist legal theory" );; line 29998 (wfb::source-text suffrage czech_republic "18 years of age; universal" );; line 30005 (wfb::source-text executive_branch czech_republic chief_of_state "President Vaclav HAVEL (since 26 January 1993); election last held 26 January 1993 (next to be held NA January 1998); results - Vaclav HAVEL elected by the National Council" );; line 30010 (wfb::source-text executive_branch czech_republic head_of_government "Prime Minister Vaclav KLAUS (since NA June 1992); Deputy Prime Ministers Ivan KOCARNIK, Josef LUX, Jan KALVODA (since NA June 1992)" );; line 30014 (wfb::source-text executive_branch czech_republic cabinet "Cabinet; appointed by the president on recommendation of the prime minister" );; line 30017 (wfb::source-text legislative_structure czech_republic "bicameral National Council (Narodni rada)" );; line 30022 (wfb::source-text legislative_branch czech_republic senate "elections not yet held; seats (81 total)" );; line 30024 (wfb::source-text legislative_branch czech_republic chamber_of_deputies "elections last held 5-6 June 1992 (next to be held NA 1996); results - percent of vote by party NA given breakup and realignment of all parliamentary opposition parties since 1992; seats - (200 total) governing coalition: ODS 65, KDS 10, ODA 16, KDU-CSL 15, opposition: CSSD 18, LB 25, KSCM 10, LSU 9, LSNS 5, CMSS 9, SPR-RSC 6, independents 12" );; line 30026 (wfb::source-text judicial_branch czech_republic "Supreme Court, Constitutional Court" );; line 30034 (wfb::source-text political_parties_and_leaders czech_republic governing_coalition "Civic Democratic Party (ODS), Vaclav KLAUS, chairman; Christian Democratic Party (KDS), Ivan PILIP, chairman; Civic Democratic Alliance (ODA), Jan KALVODA, chairman; Christian Democratic Union/Czech People's Party (KDU-CSL), Josef LUX, chairman" );; line 30039 (wfb::source-text political_parties_and_leaders czech_republic opposition "Czech Social Democrats (CSSD - left opposition), Milos ZEMAN, chairman; Left Bloc (LB - left opposition), Marie STIBOROVA, chairman; Communist Party (KSCM - left opposition), Miroslav GREBENICEK, chairman; Liberal Social Union (LSU - left opposition), Frantisek TRNKA, chairman; Liberal National Social Party (LSNS - center party), Pavel HIRS, chairman; Bohemian-Moravian Center Party (CMSS - center party), Jan KYCER, chairman; Assembly for the Republic (SPR-RSC - right radical) , Miroslav SLADEK, chairman" );; line 30044 (wfb::source-text other_political_or_pressure_groups czech_republic "Czech-Moravian Chamber of Trade Unions; Civic Movement" );; line 30054 (wfb::source-text member_of czech_republic "Australia Group, BIS, CCC, CE (guest), CEI, CERN, EBRD, ECE, FAO, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, INMARSAT, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, IOM (observer), ISO, ITU, NACC, NSG, OSCE, PCA, PFP, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNOMIL, UNOMOZ, UNPROFOR, UPU, WEU (associate partner), WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC" );; line 30058 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us czech_republic chief_of_mission "Ambassador Michael ZANTOVSKY" );; line 30067 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us czech_republic chancery "3900 Spring of Freedom Street NW, Washington, DC 20008" );; line 30069 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us czech_republic telephone "[1] (202) 363-6315, 6316" );; line 30071 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us czech_republic fax "[1] (202) 966-8540" );; line 30073 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation czech_republic chief_of_mission "Ambassador Adrian A. BASORA" );; line 30078 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation czech_republic embassy "Trziste 15, 11801 Prague 1" );; line 30080 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation czech_republic mailing_address "Unit 1330; APO AE 09213-1330" );; line 30082 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation czech_republic telephone "[42] (2) 2451-0847" );; line 30084 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation czech_republic fax "[42] (2) 2451-1001" );; line 30086 (wfb::source-text flag czech_republic "two equal horizontal bands of white (top) and red with a blue isosceles triangle based on the hoist side (almost identical to the flag of the former Czechoslovakia)" );; line 30090 (wfb::source-text overview czech_republic "The government of the Czech Republic, using successful stabilization policies to bolster its claims to full membership in the western economic community, has reduced inflation to 10%, kept unemployment at 3%, balanced the budget, run trade surpluses, and reoriented exports to the EU since the breakup of the Czechoslovak federation on 1 January 1993. GDP grew 2% in 1994 after stagnating in 1993 and contracting nearly 20% since 1990. Prague's mass privatization program, including its innovative distribution of ownership shares to Czech citizens via 'coupon vouchers,' has made the most rapid progress in Eastern Europe. When coupon shares are distributed in early 1995, 75%-80% of the economy will be in private hands or partially privatized, according to the Czech government. Privatized companies still face major problems in restructuring; the number of annual bankruptcies quadrupled in 1994. In September 1994, Prague repaid $471 million in IMF loans five years ahead of schedule, making the Czech Republic the first East European country to pay off all IMF debts. Despite these outlays, hard-currency reserves in the banking system totaled more than $8.5 billion in October. Standard & Poor's boosted the Republic's credit rating to BBB+ in mid-1994 - up from a BBB rating that was already two steps higher than Hungary's and one step above Greece's rating. Prague forecasts a balanced budget, at least 3% GDP growth, 5% unemployment, and single-digit inflation for 1995. Inflationary pressures - primarily as a result of foreign bank lending to Czech enterprises but perhaps also due to eased currency convertibility controls - are likely to be the most troublesome issues in 1995. Continuing economic recovery in Western Europe should boost Czech exports and production but a substantial increase in prices could erode the Republic's comparative advantage in low wages and exchange rates. Prague already took steps in 1994 to increase control over banking policies to neutralize the impact of foreign inflows on the money supply. Although Czech unemployment is currently the lowest in Central Europe, it will probably increase 1-2 percentage points in 1995 as large state firms go bankrupt or are restructured and service sector growth slows." );; line 30097 (wfb::source-text national_product czech_republic "GDP - purchasing power parity - $76.5 billion (1994 est.)" );; line 30130 (wfb::source-text national_product_real_growth_rate czech_republic "2.2% (1994 est.)" );; line 30134 (wfb::source-text national_product_per_capita czech_republic "$7,350 (1994 est.)" );; line 30138 (wfb::source-text |Inflation rate (consumer prices)| czech_republic "10.2% (1994 est.)" );; line 30142 (wfb::source-text unemployment_rate czech_republic "3.2% (1994 est.)" );; line 30146 (wfb::source-text budget czech_republic revenues "$14 billion" );; line 30151 (wfb::source-text budget czech_republic expenditures "$13.6 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA (1994 est.)" );; line 30153 (wfb::source-text exports czech_republic "$13.4 billion (f.o.b., 1994 est.)" );; line 30157 (wfb::source-text exports czech_republic commodities "manufactured goods, machinery and transport equipment, chemicals, fuels, minerals, metals, agricultural products (January-November 1994)" );; line 30159 (wfb::source-text exports czech_republic partners "Germany 28.7%, Slovakia 15.5%, Austria 7.9%, Italy 6.4%, France 3.2%, Russia 3.2%, Poland 3.1%, UK 2.9%, Netherlands 2.4%, Hungary 2.2%, US 2.1%, Belgium 1.3% (January-June 1994)" );; line 30162 (wfb::source-text imports czech_republic "$13.3 billion (f.o.b., 1994 est.)" );; line 30168 (wfb::source-text imports czech_republic commodities "machinery and transport equipment, manufactured goods, chemicals, fuels and lubricants, raw materials, agricultural products (January-November 1994)" );; line 30170 (wfb::source-text imports czech_republic partners "Germany 24.1%, Slovakia 15.6%, Russia 9.8%, Austria 7.6%, Italy 4.9%, France 3.6%, US 3.2%, Netherlands 2.9%, UK 2.8%, Poland 2.7%, Switzerland 2.2%, Belgium 2.0% (January-June 1994)" );; line 30174 (wfb::source-text external_debt czech_republic "$8.7 billion (October 1994)" );; line 30180 (wfb::source-text industrial_production czech_republic "growth rate 4.9% (January-September 1994)" );; line 30184 (wfb::source-text electricity czech_republic capacity "14.470,000 kW" );; line 30189 (wfb::source-text electricity czech_republic production "56.3 billion kWh" );; line 30191 (wfb::source-text electricity czech_republic consumption_per_capita "4,842 kWh (1993)" );; line 30193 (wfb::source-text industry czech_republic "fuels, ferrous metallurgy, machinery and equipment, coal, motor vehicles, glass, armaments" );; line 30197 (wfb::source-text agriculture czech_republic "largely self-sufficient in food production; diversified crop and livestock production, including grains, potatoes, sugar beets, hops, fruit, hogs, cattle, and poultry; exporter of forest products" );; line 30202 (wfb::source-text illicit_drugs czech_republic "transshipment point for Southwest Asian heroin and Latin American cocaine to Western Europe" );; line 30208 (wfb::source-text economic_aid czech_republic donor "1.4 million annually to IMF beginning in 1994" );; line 30214 (wfb::source-text currency czech_republic "1 koruna (Kc) = 100 haleru" );; line 30218 (wfb::source-text exchange_rates czech_republic "koruny (Kcs) per US$1 - 27.762 (January 1995), 28.785 (1994), 29.153 (1993), 28.26 (1992), 29.53 (1991), 17.95 (1990)" );; line 30222 (wfb::source-text fiscal_year czech_republic "calendar year" );; line 30229 (wfb::source-text railroads czech_republic total "9,434 km (include 1.520-m broad, 1.435-m standard, and several narrow gauges) (1988)" );; line 30235 (wfb::source-text highways czech_republic total "55,890 km (1988)" );; line 30241 (wfb::source-text highways czech_republic paved "NA" );; line 30243 (wfb::source-text highways czech_republic unpaved "NA" );; line 30245 (wfb::source-text inland_waterways czech_republic "NA km; the Elbe (Labe) is the principal river" );; line 30249 (wfb::source-text pipelines czech_republic "natural gas 5,400 km" );; line 30253 (wfb::source-text port czech_republic "Decin, Prague, Usti nad Labem" );; line 30257 (wfb::source-text merchant_marine czech_republic total "14 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 181,646 GRT/282,296 DWT" );; line 30262 (wfb::source-text merchant_marine czech_republic ships_by_type "bulk 5, cargo 9" );; line 30264 (wfb::source-text airports czech_republic total "116" );; line 30269 (wfb::source-text airports czech_republic |with paved runways over 3,047 m| "2" );; line 30271 (wfb::source-text airports czech_republic |with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m| "9" );; line 30273 (wfb::source-text airports czech_republic |with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m| "13" );; line 30275 (wfb::source-text airports czech_republic with_paved_runways_under_914_m "5" );; line 30277 (wfb::source-text airports czech_republic |with unpaved runways over 3,047 m| "1" );; line 30279 (wfb::source-text airports czech_republic |with unpaved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m| "3" );; line 30281 (wfb::source-text airports czech_republic |with unpaved runways 1,524 to 2,438 m| "10" );; line 30283 (wfb::source-text airports czech_republic |with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m| "32" );; line 30285 (wfb::source-text airports czech_republic with_unpaved_runways_under_914_m "41" );; line 30287 (wfb::source-text telephone_system czech_republic "NA telephones" );; line 30292 (wfb::source-text telephone_system czech_republic local "NA" );; line 30294 (wfb::source-text telephone_system czech_republic intercity "NA" );; line 30296 (wfb::source-text telephone_system czech_republic international "NA" );; line 30298 (wfb::source-text radio czech_republic broadcast_stations "AM, FM, shortwave" );; line 30303 (wfb::source-text radio czech_republic radios "NA" );; line 30305 (wfb::source-text television czech_republic broadcast_stations "NA" );; line 30310 (wfb::source-text television czech_republic televisions "NA" );; line 30312 (wfb::source-text defense_branch czech_republic "Army, Air and Air Defense Forces, Civil Defense, Railroad Units" );; line 30318 (wfb::source-text manpower_availability czech_republic "males age 15-49 2,753,301; males fit for military service 2,095,661; males reach military age (18) annually 91,177 (1995 est.)" );; line 30322 (wfb::source-text defense_expenditures czech_republic "27 billion koruny, NA% of GNP (1994 est.); note - conversion of defense expenditures into US dollars using the current exchange rate could produce misleading results" );; line 30327 (wfb::source-text location denmark "Northern Europe, bordering the Baltic Sea and the North Sea, on a peninsula north of Germany" );; line 30340 (wfb::source-text map_references denmark "Europe" );; line 30345 (wfb::source-text area denmark total_area "43,070 sq km" );; line 30350 (wfb::source-text area denmark land_area "42,370 sq km" );; line 30352 (wfb::source-text area denmark comparative_area "slightly more than twice the size of Massachusetts" );; line 30354 (wfb::source-text borders denmark "total 68 km, Germany 68 km" );; line 30361 (wfb::source-text coastline denmark "3,379 km" );; line 30365 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims denmark contiguous_zone "4 nm" );; line 30370 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims denmark continental_shelf "200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation" );; line 30372 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims denmark exclusive_fishing_zone "200 nm" );; line 30374 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims denmark territorial_sea "3 nm" );; line 30376 (wfb::source-text international_disputes denmark "Rockall continental shelf dispute involving Iceland, Ireland, and the UK (Ireland and the UK have signed a boundary agreement in the Rockall area)" );; line 30380 (wfb::source-text climate denmark "temperate; humid and overcast; mild, windy winters and cool summers" );; line 30386 (wfb::source-text terrain denmark "low and flat to gently rolling plains" );; line 30391 (wfb::source-text natural-resource denmark "petroleum, natural gas, fish, salt, limestone" );; line 30395 (wfb::source-text land_use denmark arable_land "61%" );; line 30400 (wfb::source-text land_use denmark permanent_crops "0%" );; line 30402 (wfb::source-text land_use denmark meadows_and_pastures "6%" );; line 30404 (wfb::source-text land_use denmark forest_and_woodland "12%" );; line 30406 (wfb::source-text land_use denmark other "21%" );; line 30408 (wfb::source-text irrigated_land denmark "4,300 sq km (1989 est.)" );; line 30412 (wfb::source-text environment denmark current_issues "air pollution, principally from vehicle emissions; nitrogen and phosphorus pollution of the North Sea; drinking and surface water becoming polluted from animal wastes" );; line 30417 (wfb::source-text environment denmark natural_hazards "flooding is a threat in some areas of the country (e.g., parts of Jutland, along the southern coast of the island of Lolland) that are protected from the sea by a system of dikes" );; line 30421 (wfb::source-text environment denmark international_agreements "party to - Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Sulphur 85, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Wetlands, Whaling; signed, but not ratified - Air Pollution-Sulphur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Desertification, Law of the Sea" );; line 30425 (wfb::source-text note denmark "controls Danish Straits linking Baltic and North Seas; about one-quarter of the population lives in Copenhagen" );; line 30435 (wfb::source-text population denmark "5,199,437 (July 1995 est.)" );; line 30442 (wfb::source-text age_structure denmark 0-14_years "17% (female 430,598; male 451,993)" );; line 30447 (wfb::source-text age_structure denmark 15-64_years "68% (female 1,731,531; male 1,780,083)" );; line 30449 (wfb::source-text age_structure denmark 65_years_and_over "15% (female 473,537; male 331,695) (July 1995 est.)" );; line 30451 (wfb::source-text population_growth_rate denmark "0.22% (1995 est.)" );; line 30455 (wfb::source-text birth_rate denmark "12.38 births/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 30459 (wfb::source-text death_rate denmark "11.14 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 30463 (wfb::source-text net_migration_rate denmark "0.96 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 30467 (wfb::source-text infant_mortality_rate denmark "6.8 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.)" );; line 30471 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth denmark total_population "76.11 years" );; line 30476 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth denmark male "73.23 years" );; line 30478 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth denmark female "79.16 years (1995 est.)" );; line 30480 (wfb::source-text total_fertility_rate denmark "1.69 children born/woman (1995 est.)" );; line 30484 (wfb::source-text nationality denmark noun "Dane(s)" );; line 30489 (wfb::source-text nationality denmark adjective "Danish" );; line 30491 (wfb::source-text ethnic-entity denmark "Scandinavian, Eskimo, Faroese, German" );; line 30495 (wfb::source-text religion denmark "Evangelical Lutheran 91%, other Protestant and Roman Catholic 2%, other 7% (1988)" );; line 30499 (wfb::source-text language denmark "Danish, Faroese, Greenlandic (an Eskimo dialect), German (small minority)" );; line 30504 (wfb::source-text literacy denmark "age 15 and over can read and write (1980 est.)" );; line 30509 (wfb::source-text literacy denmark total_population "99%" );; line 30511 (wfb::source-text total_labor_force denmark "2,553,900" );; line 30515 (wfb::source-text labor_force_by_occupation denmark by_occupation "private services 37.1%, government services 30.4%, manufacturing and mining 20%, construction 6.3%, agriculture, forestry, and fishing 5.6%, electricity/gas/water 0.6% (1991)" );; line 30517 (wfb::source-text names denmark conventional_long_form "Kingdom of Denmark" );; line 30525 (wfb::source-text names denmark conventional_short_form "Denmark" );; line 30527 (wfb::source-text names denmark local_long_form "Kongeriget Danmark" );; line 30529 (wfb::source-text names denmark local_short_form "Danmark" );; line 30531 (wfb::source-text digraph denmark "DA" );; line 30535 (wfb::source-text type denmark "constitutional monarchy" );; line 30539 (wfb::source-text capital denmark "Copenhagen" );; line 30543 (wfb::source-text administrative_divisions denmark "metropolitan Denmark - 14 counties (amter, singular - amt) and 1 city* (stad); Arhus, Bornholm, Frederiksborg, Fyn, Kbenhavn, Nordjylland, Ribe, Ringkbing, Roskilde, Snderjylland, Staden Kbenhavn*, Storstrm, Vejle, Vestsjaelland, Viborg" );; line 30547 (wfb::source-text independence denmark "1849 (became a constitutional monarchy)" );; line 30557 (wfb::source-text national_holiday denmark "Birthday of the Queen, 16 April (1940)" );; line 30561 (wfb::source-text constitution denmark "5 June 1953" );; line 30565 (wfb::source-text legal_system denmark "civil law system; judicial review of legislative acts; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations" );; line 30569 (wfb::source-text suffrage denmark "18 years of age; universal" );; line 30574 (wfb::source-text executive_branch denmark chief_of_state "Queen MARGRETHE II (since NA January 1972); Heir Apparent Crown Prince FREDERIK, elder son of the Queen (born 26 May 1968)" );; line 30579 (wfb::source-text executive_branch denmark head_of_government "Prime Minister Poul Nyrup RASMUSSEN (since NA January 1993)" );; line 30582 (wfb::source-text executive_branch denmark cabinet "Cabinet; appointed by the monarch" );; line 30584 (wfb::source-text legislative_structure denmark "unicameral" );; line 30588 (wfb::source-text legislative_branch denmark |Parliament (Folketing)| "elections last held 21 September 1994 (next to be held by December 1998); results - Social Democrats 34.6%, Liberals 23.3%, Conservatives 15.0%, Social People's Party 7.3%, Progress Party 6.4%, Radical Liberals 4.6%, Unity Party 3.1%, Center Democrats 2.8%, Christian People's Party 1.8%; seats - (179 total) Social Democrats 63, Liberals 44, Conservatives 28, Social People's Party 13, Progress Party 11, Radical Liberals 8, Unity Party 6, Center Democrats 5, independent 1" );; line 30590 (wfb::source-text judicial_branch denmark "Supreme Court" );; line 30600 (wfb::source-text political_parties_and_leaders denmark "Social Democratic Party, Poul Nyrup RASMUSSEN; Conservative Party, Hans ENGELL; Liberal Party, Uffe ELLEMANN-JENSEN; Socialist People's Party, Holger K. NIELSEN; Progress Party, Group Chairman Kim BEHNKE and Policy Spokesman Jan Kopke CHRISTENSEN; Center Democratic Party, Mimi Stilling JAKOBSEN; Radical Liberal Party, Marianne JELVED; Christian People's Party, Jann SJURSEN; Common Course, Preben Moller HANSEN; Danish Workers' Party; Unity Party" );; line 30604 (wfb::source-text member_of denmark "AfDB, AG (observer), AsDB, Australia Group, BIS, CBSS, CCC, CE, CERN, EBRD, EC, ECE, EIB, ESA, FAO, G- 9, GATT, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, INMARSAT, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, MTCR, NACC, NATO, NC, NEA, NIB, NSG, OECD, OSCE, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNFICYP, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIKOM, UNMOGIP, UNOMIG, UNPROFOR, UNTSO, UPU, WEU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, ZC" );; line 30613 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us denmark chief_of_mission "Ambassador Peter Pedersen DYVIG (Knud-Erik TYGESEN is Ambassador Elect for 1995)" );; line 30623 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us denmark chancery "3200 Whitehaven Street NW, Washington, DC 20008" );; line 30626 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us denmark telephone "[1] (202) 234-4300" );; line 30628 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us denmark fax "[1] (202) 328-1470" );; line 30630 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us denmark |consulate(s) general| "Chicago, Los Angeles, and New York" );; line 30632 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation denmark chief_of_mission "Ambassador Edward E. ELSON" );; line 30637 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation denmark embassy "Dag Hammarskjolds Alle 24, 2100 Copenhagen O" );; line 30639 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation denmark mailing_address "APO AE 09716" );; line 30641 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation denmark telephone "[45] (31) 42 31 44" );; line 30643 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation denmark fax "[45] (35) 43 02 23" );; line 30645 (wfb::source-text flag denmark "red with a white cross that extends to the edges of the flag; the vertical part of the cross is shifted to the hoist side, and that design element of the DANNEBROG (Danish flag) was subsequently adopted by the other Nordic countries of Finland, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden" );; line 30649 (wfb::source-text overview denmark "This thoroughly modern economy features high-tech agriculture, up-to-date small-scale and corporate industry, extensive government welfare measures, comfortable living standards, and high dependence on foreign trade. Denmark is self-sufficient in food production. The new center-left coalition government will concentrate on reducing the persistent high unemployment rate and the budget deficit as well as following the previous government's policies of maintaining low inflation and a current account surplus. In the face of recent international market pressure on the Danish krone, the coalition has also vowed to maintain a stable currency. The coalition hopes to lower marginal income taxes while maintaining overall tax revenues; boost industrial competitiveness through labor market and tax reforms and increased research and development funds; and improve welfare services for the neediest while cutting paperwork and delays. Prime Minister RASMUSSEN's reforms will focus on adapting Denmark to the criteria for European integration by 1999; although Copenhagen has won from the European Union (EU) the right to opt out of the European Monetary Union (EMU) if a national referendum rejects it. Denmark is, in fact, one of the few EU countries likely to fit into the EMU on time. Denmark is weathering the current worldwide slump better than many West European countries. After posting 4.5% real GDP growth in 1994, Copenhagen is predicting a continued strong showing in 1995, with real GDP up by 3.2%. The government expects an upswing in business investment in 1995 to drive economic growth. Although unemployment is high, it remains stable compared to most European countries." );; line 30657 (wfb::source-text national_product denmark "GDP - purchasing power parity - $103 billion (1994 est.)" );; line 30683 (wfb::source-text national_product_real_growth_rate denmark "4.5% (1994 est.)" );; line 30687 (wfb::source-text national_product_per_capita denmark "$19,860 (1994 est.)" );; line 30691 (wfb::source-text |Inflation rate (consumer prices)| denmark "2% (1994 est.)" );; line 30695 (wfb::source-text unemployment_rate denmark "12.3% (1994 est.)" );; line 30699 (wfb::source-text budget denmark revenues "$56.5 billion" );; line 30704 (wfb::source-text budget denmark expenditures "$64.4 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA (1994 est.)" );; line 30706 (wfb::source-text exports denmark "$42.9 billion (f.o.b., 1994)" );; line 30710 (wfb::source-text exports denmark commodities "meat and meat products, dairy products, transport equipment (shipbuilding), fish, chemicals, industrial machinery" );; line 30712 (wfb::source-text exports denmark partners "EC 54.3% (Germany 23.6%, UK 10.1%, France 5.7%), Sweden 10.5%, Norway 5.8%, US 4.9%, Japan 3.6% (1992)" );; line 30715 (wfb::source-text imports denmark "$37.1 billion (c.i.f., 1994 est.)" );; line 30720 (wfb::source-text imports denmark commodities "petroleum, machinery and equipment, chemicals, grain and foodstuffs, textiles, paper" );; line 30722 (wfb::source-text imports denmark partners "EC 53.4% (Germany 23.1%, UK 8.2%, France 5.6%), Sweden 10.8%, Norway 5.4%, US 5.7%, Japan 4.1% (1992)" );; line 30725 (wfb::source-text external_debt denmark "$40.9 billion (1994 est.)" );; line 30730 (wfb::source-text industrial_production denmark "growth rate -2.5% (1993 est.)" );; line 30734 (wfb::source-text electricity denmark capacity "10,030,000 kW" );; line 30739 (wfb::source-text electricity denmark production "32 billion kWh" );; line 30741 (wfb::source-text electricity denmark consumption_per_capita "5,835 kWh (1993)" );; line 30743 (wfb::source-text industry denmark "food processing, machinery and equipment, textiles and clothing, chemical products, electronics, construction, furniture, and other wood products, shipbuilding" );; line 30747 (wfb::source-text agriculture denmark "accounts for 4% of GDP; principal products - meat, dairy, grain, potatoes, rape, sugar beets, fish" );; line 30753 (wfb::source-text economic_aid denmark donor "ODA and OOF commitments (1970-89), $5.9 billion" );; line 30759 (wfb::source-text currency denmark "1 Danish krone (DKr) = 100 oere" );; line 30763 (wfb::source-text exchange_rates denmark "Danish kroner (DKr) per US$1 - 6.034 (January 1995), 6.361 (1994), 6.484 (1993), 6.036 (1992), 6.396 (1991), 6.189 (1990)" );; line 30767 (wfb::source-text fiscal_year denmark "calendar year" );; line 30772 (wfb::source-text railroads denmark total "2,838 km (494 km privately owned and operated)" );; line 30778 (wfb::source-text railroads denmark standard_gauge "2,838 km 1.435-m gauge (440 km electrified; 760 km double track) (1994)" );; line 30780 (wfb::source-text highways denmark total "71,042 km" );; line 30786 (wfb::source-text highways denmark paved "concrete, asphalt, stone block 71,042 km (696 km of expressways)" );; line 30788 (wfb::source-text inland_waterways denmark "417 km" );; line 30792 (wfb::source-text pipelines denmark "crude oil 110 km; petroleum products 578 km; natural gas 700 km" );; line 30796 (wfb::source-text port denmark "Alborg, Arhus, Copenhagen, Esbjerg, Fredericia, Grenaa, Koge, Odense, Struer" );; line 30800 (wfb::source-text merchant_marine denmark total "345 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 5,005,470 GRT/6,974,750 DWT" );; line 30806 (wfb::source-text merchant_marine denmark ships_by_type "bulk 17, cargo 109, chemical tanker 24, combination bulk 1, container 61, liquefied gas tanker 32, livestock carrier 4, oil tanker 32, railcar carrier 1, refrigerated cargo 18, roll-on/roll-off cargo 35, short-sea passenger 11" );; line 30809 (wfb::source-text airports denmark total "118" );; line 30821 (wfb::source-text airports denmark |with paved runways over 3,047 m| "2" );; line 30823 (wfb::source-text airports denmark |with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m| "7" );; line 30825 (wfb::source-text airports denmark |with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m| "3" );; line 30827 (wfb::source-text airports denmark |with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m| "13" );; line 30829 (wfb::source-text airports denmark with_paved_runways_under_914_m "85" );; line 30831 (wfb::source-text airports denmark |with unpaved runways 1,524 to 2,438 m| "1" );; line 30833 (wfb::source-text airports denmark |with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m| "7" );; line 30835 (wfb::source-text telephone_system denmark "4,509,000 telephones; excellent telephone and telegraph services; buried and submarine cables and microwave radio relay support trunk network" );; line 30840 (wfb::source-text telephone_system denmark local "NA" );; line 30843 (wfb::source-text telephone_system denmark intercity "microwave radio relay" );; line 30845 (wfb::source-text telephone_system denmark international "19 submarine coaxial cables; 7 INTELSAT, EUTELSAT, and INMARSAT earth stations" );; line 30847 (wfb::source-text radio denmark broadcast_stations "AM 3, FM 2, shortwave 0" );; line 30853 (wfb::source-text radio denmark radios "NA" );; line 30855 (wfb::source-text television denmark broadcast_stations "50" );; line 30860 (wfb::source-text television denmark televisions "NA" );; line 30862 (wfb::source-text defense_branch denmark "Royal Danish Army, Royal Danish Navy, Royal Danish Air Force, Home Guard" );; line 30868 (wfb::source-text manpower_availability denmark "males age 15-49 1,347,774; males fit for military service 1,158,223; males reach military age (20) annually 36,191 (1995 est.)" );; line 30873 (wfb::source-text defense_expenditures denmark "exchange rate conversion - $2.7 billion, 1.9% of GDP (1994)" );; line 30878 (wfb::source-text location djibouti "Eastern Africa, bordering the Gulf of Aden and the Red Sea, between Eritrea and Somalia" );; line 30888 (wfb::source-text map_references djibouti "Africa" );; line 30893 (wfb::source-text area djibouti total_area "22,000 sq km" );; line 30898 (wfb::source-text area djibouti land_area "21,980 sq km" );; line 30900 (wfb::source-text area djibouti comparative_area "slightly larger than Massachusetts" );; line 30902 (wfb::source-text borders djibouti "total 508 km, Eritrea 113 km, Ethiopia 337 km, Somalia 58 km" );; line 30906 (wfb::source-text coastline djibouti "314 km" );; line 30910 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims djibouti contiguous_zone "24 nm" );; line 30915 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims djibouti exclusive_economic_zone "200 nm" );; line 30917 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims djibouti territorial_sea "12 nm" );; line 30919 (wfb::source-text international_disputes djibouti "none" );; line 30923 (wfb::source-text climate djibouti "desert; torrid, dry" );; line 30927 (wfb::source-text terrain djibouti "coastal plain and plateau separated by central mountains" );; line 30931 (wfb::source-text natural-resource djibouti "geothermal areas" );; line 30935 (wfb::source-text land_use djibouti arable_land "0%" );; line 30940 (wfb::source-text land_use djibouti permanent_crops "0%" );; line 30942 (wfb::source-text land_use djibouti meadows_and_pastures "9%" );; line 30944 (wfb::source-text land_use djibouti forest_and_woodland "0%" );; line 30946 (wfb::source-text land_use djibouti other "91%" );; line 30948 (wfb::source-text irrigated_land djibouti "NA sq km" );; line 30952 (wfb::source-text environment djibouti current_issues "inadequate supplies of potable water; desertification" );; line 30957 (wfb::source-text environment djibouti natural_hazards "earthquakes; droughts; occasional cyclonic disturbances from the Indian Ocean bring heavy rains and flash floods" );; line 30959 (wfb::source-text environment djibouti international_agreements "party to - Biodiversity, Endangered Species, Law of the Sea, Ship Pollution; signed, but not ratified - Climate Change, Desertification" );; line 30962 (wfb::source-text note djibouti "strategic location near world's busiest shipping lanes and close to Arabian oilfields; terminus of rail traffic into Ethiopia; a vast wasteland" );; line 30967 (wfb::source-text population djibouti "421,320 (July 1995 est.)" );; line 30975 (wfb::source-text age_structure djibouti 0-14_years "43% (female 90,070; male 90,631)" );; line 30980 (wfb::source-text age_structure djibouti 15-64_years "55% (female 108,824; male 121,715)" );; line 30982 (wfb::source-text age_structure djibouti 65_years_and_over "2% (female 4,900; male 5,180) (July 1995 est.)" );; line 30984 (wfb::source-text population_growth_rate djibouti "1.48% (1995 est.)" );; line 30988 (wfb::source-text birth_rate djibouti "42.79 births/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 30992 (wfb::source-text death_rate djibouti "15.51 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 30996 (wfb::source-text net_migration_rate djibouti "-12.46 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 31000 (wfb::source-text infant_mortality_rate djibouti "108.8 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.)" );; line 31004 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth djibouti total_population "49.7 years" );; line 31009 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth djibouti male "47.83 years" );; line 31011 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth djibouti female "51.62 years (1995 est.)" );; line 31013 (wfb::source-text total_fertility_rate djibouti "6.15 children born/woman (1995 est.)" );; line 31017 (wfb::source-text nationality djibouti noun "Djiboutian(s)" );; line 31022 (wfb::source-text nationality djibouti adjective "Djiboutian" );; line 31024 (wfb::source-text ethnic-entity djibouti "Somali 60%, Afar 35%, French, Arab, Ethiopian, and Italian 5%" );; line 31028 (wfb::source-text religion djibouti "Muslim 94%, Christian 6%" );; line 31032 (wfb::source-text language djibouti "French (official), Arabic (official), Somali, Afar" );; line 31036 (wfb::source-text literacy djibouti "age 15 and over can read and write (1990)" );; line 31040 (wfb::source-text literacy djibouti total_population "48%" );; line 31042 (wfb::source-text literacy djibouti male "63%" );; line 31044 (wfb::source-text literacy djibouti female "34%" );; line 31046 (wfb::source-text names djibouti conventional_long_form "Republic of Djibouti" );; line 31052 (wfb::source-text names djibouti conventional_short_form "Djibouti" );; line 31054 (wfb::source-text names djibouti former "French Territory of the Afars and Issas French Somaliland" );; line 31056 (wfb::source-text digraph djibouti "DJ" );; line 31060 (wfb::source-text type djibouti "republic" );; line 31064 (wfb::source-text capital djibouti "Djibouti" );; line 31068 (wfb::source-text administrative_divisions djibouti "5 districts (cercles, singular - cercle); 'Ali Sabih, Dikhil, Djibouti, Obock, Tadjoura" );; line 31072 (wfb::source-text independence djibouti "27 June 1977 (from France)" );; line 31077 (wfb::source-text national_holiday djibouti "Independence Day, 27 June (1977)" );; line 31081 (wfb::source-text constitution djibouti "multiparty constitution approved in referendum 4 September 1992" );; line 31085 (wfb::source-text legal_system djibouti "based on French civil law system, traditional practices, and Islamic law" );; line 31089 (wfb::source-text suffrage djibouti "universal adult at age NA" );; line 31094 (wfb::source-text executive_branch djibouti chief_of_state "President HASSAN GOULED Aptidon (since 24 June 1977); election last held 7 May 1993 (next to be held NA 1999); results - President Hassan GOULED Aptidon was reelected" );; line 31099 (wfb::source-text executive_branch djibouti head_of_government "Prime Minister BARKAT Gourad Hamadou (since 30 September 1978)" );; line 31103 (wfb::source-text executive_branch djibouti cabinet "Council of Ministers; responsible to the president" );; line 31105 (wfb::source-text legislative_structure djibouti "unicameral" );; line 31109 (wfb::source-text legislative_branch djibouti |Chamber of Deputies (Chambre des Deputes)| "elections last held 18 December 1992; results - RPP (the ruling party) dominated; seats - (65 total) RPP 65" );; line 31111 (wfb::source-text judicial_branch djibouti "Supreme Court (Cour Supreme)" );; line 31116 (wfb::source-text political_parties_and_leaders djibouti ruling_party "People's Progress Assembly (RPP), Hassan GOULED Aptidon" );; line 31121 (wfb::source-text political_parties_and_leaders djibouti other_parties "Democratic Renewal Party (PRD), Mohamed Jama ELABE; Democratic National Party (PND), ADEN Robleh Awaleh" );; line 31123 (wfb::source-text other_political_or_pressure_groups djibouti "Front for the Restoration of Unity and Democracy (FRUD) and affiliates; Movement for Unity and Democracy (MUD)" );; line 31128 (wfb::source-text member_of djibouti "ACCT, ACP, AfDB, AFESD, AL, ECA, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IGADD, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT (nonsignatory user), INTERPOL, IOC, ITU, NAM, OAU, OIC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WMO" );; line 31133 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us djibouti chief_of_mission "Ambassador Roble OLHAYE" );; line 31141 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us djibouti chancery "Suite 515, 1156 15th Street NW, Washington, DC 20005" );; line 31143 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us djibouti telephone "[1] (202) 331-0270" );; line 31145 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us djibouti fax "[1] (202) 331-0302" );; line 31147 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation djibouti chief_of_mission "Ambassador Martin L. CHESHES" );; line 31152 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation djibouti embassy "Plateau du Serpent, Boulevard Marechal Joffre, Djibouti" );; line 31154 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation djibouti mailing_address "B. P. 185, Djibouti" );; line 31156 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation djibouti telephone "[253] 35 39 95" );; line 31158 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation djibouti fax "[253] 35 39 40" );; line 31160 (wfb::source-text flag djibouti "two equal horizontal bands of light blue (top) and light green with a white isosceles triangle based on the hoist side bearing a red five-pointed star in the center" );; line 31164 (wfb::source-text overview djibouti "The economy is based on service activities connected with the country's strategic location and status as a free trade zone in northeast Africa. Two-thirds of the inhabitants live in the capital city, the remainder being mostly nomadic herders. Scanty rainfall limits crop production to fruits and vegetables, and most food must be imported. Djibouti provides services as both a transit port for the region and an international transshipment and refueling center. It has few natural resources and little industry. The nation is, therefore, heavily dependent on foreign assistance (an important supplement to GDP) to help support its balance of payments and to finance development projects. An unemployment rate of over 30% continues to be a major problem. Per capita consumption dropped an estimated 35% over the last six years because of recession, civil war, and a high population growth rate (including immigrants and refugees)." );; line 31171 (wfb::source-text national_product djibouti "GDP - purchasing power parity - $500 million (1994 est.)" );; line 31187 (wfb::source-text national_product_real_growth_rate djibouti "-3% (1994 est.)" );; line 31191 (wfb::source-text national_product_per_capita djibouti "$1,200 (1994 est.)" );; line 31195 (wfb::source-text |Inflation rate (consumer prices)| djibouti "6% (1993 est.)" );; line 31199 (wfb::source-text unemployment_rate djibouti "over 30% (1994 est.)" );; line 31203 (wfb::source-text budget djibouti revenues "$164 million" );; line 31208 (wfb::source-text budget djibouti expenditures "$201 million, including capital expenditures of $16 million (1993 est.)" );; line 31210 (wfb::source-text exports djibouti "$184 million (f.o.b., 1994 est.)" );; line 31215 (wfb::source-text exports djibouti commodities "hides and skins, coffee (in transit)" );; line 31217 (wfb::source-text exports djibouti partners "Somalia 48%, Yemen 42%" );; line 31219 (wfb::source-text imports djibouti "$384 million (f.o.b., 1994 est.)" );; line 31223 (wfb::source-text imports djibouti commodities "foods, beverages, transport equipment, chemicals, petroleum products" );; line 31225 (wfb::source-text imports djibouti partners "France, UK, Saudi Arabia, Bahrain, South Korea" );; line 31228 (wfb::source-text external_debt djibouti "$227 million (1993 est.)" );; line 31232 (wfb::source-text industrial_production djibouti "growth rate 3% (1991 est.); accounts for 14% of GDP" );; line 31236 (wfb::source-text electricity djibouti capacity "90,000 kW" );; line 31241 (wfb::source-text electricity djibouti production "170 million kWh" );; line 31243 (wfb::source-text electricity djibouti consumption_per_capita "398 kWh (1993)" );; line 31245 (wfb::source-text industry djibouti "limited to a few small-scale enterprises, such as dairy products and mineral-water bottling" );; line 31249 (wfb::source-text agriculture djibouti "mostly fruit and vegetables; herding of goats, sheep, and camels" );; line 31254 (wfb::source-text economic_aid djibouti recipient "US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY78-89), $39 million; Western (non-US) countries, including ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-89), $1.1 billion; OPEC bilateral aid (1979-89), $149 million; Communist countries (1970-89), $35 million" );; line 31259 (wfb::source-text currency djibouti "1 Djiboutian franc (DF) = 100 centimes" );; line 31266 (wfb::source-text exchange_rates djibouti "Djiboutian francs (DF) per US$1 - 177.721 (fixed rate since 1973)" );; line 31270 (wfb::source-text fiscal_year djibouti "calendar year" );; line 31274 (wfb::source-text railroads djibouti total "97 km (Djibouti segment of the Addis Ababa-Djibouti railroad)" );; line 31280 (wfb::source-text railroads djibouti narrow_gauge "97 km 1.000-m gauge" );; line 31282 (wfb::source-text highways djibouti total "2,900 km" );; line 31287 (wfb::source-text highways djibouti paved "280 km" );; line 31289 (wfb::source-text highways djibouti unpaved "improved, unimproved earth 2,620 km (1982)" );; line 31291 (wfb::source-text port djibouti "Djibouti" );; line 31295 (wfb::source-text merchant_marine djibouti total "1 cargo ship (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 1,369 GRT/3,030 DWT" );; line 31300 (wfb::source-text airports djibouti total "13" );; line 31305 (wfb::source-text airports djibouti |with paved runways over 3,047 m| "1" );; line 31307 (wfb::source-text airports djibouti |with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m| "1" );; line 31309 (wfb::source-text airports djibouti with_paved_runways_under_914_m "3" );; line 31311 (wfb::source-text airports djibouti |with unpaved runways 1,524 to 2,438 m| "2" );; line 31313 (wfb::source-text airports djibouti |with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m| "6" );; line 31315 (wfb::source-text telephone_system djibouti "NA telephones; telephone facilities in the city of Djibouti are adequate as are the microwave radio relay connections to outlying areas of the country" );; line 31320 (wfb::source-text telephone_system djibouti local "NA" );; line 31324 (wfb::source-text telephone_system djibouti intercity "microwave radio relay network" );; line 31326 (wfb::source-text telephone_system djibouti international "international connections via submarine cable to Saudi Arabia and by satellite link to other countries; 1 INTELSAT (Indian Ocean) and 1 ARABSAT earth station" );; line 31328 (wfb::source-text radio djibouti broadcast_stations "AM 2, FM 2, shortwave 0" );; line 31335 (wfb::source-text radio djibouti radios "NA" );; line 31337 (wfb::source-text television djibouti broadcast_stations "1" );; line 31342 (wfb::source-text television djibouti televisions "NA" );; line 31344 (wfb::source-text defense_branch djibouti "Djibouti National Army (includes Navy and Air Force), National Security Force (Force Nationale de Securite), National Police Force" );; line 31350 (wfb::source-text manpower_availability djibouti "males age 15-49 101,385; males fit for military service 59,337 (1995 est.)" );; line 31355 (wfb::source-text defense_expenditures djibouti "exchange rate conversion - $26 million, NA% of GDP (1989)" );; line 31360 (wfb::source-text location dominica "Caribbean, island between the Caribbean Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean, about one-half of the way from Puerto Rico to Trinidad and Tobago" );; line 31370 (wfb::source-text map_references dominica "Central America and the Caribbean" );; line 31375 (wfb::source-text area dominica total_area "750 sq km" );; line 31380 (wfb::source-text area dominica land_area "750 sq km" );; line 31382 (wfb::source-text area dominica comparative_area "slightly more than four times the size of Washington, DC" );; line 31384 (wfb::source-text borders dominica "0 km" );; line 31388 (wfb::source-text coastline dominica "148 km" );; line 31392 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims dominica contiguous_zone "24 nm" );; line 31397 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims dominica exclusive_economic_zone "200 nm" );; line 31399 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims dominica territorial_sea "12 nm" );; line 31401 (wfb::source-text international_disputes dominica "none" );; line 31405 (wfb::source-text climate dominica "tropical; moderated by northeast trade winds; heavy rainfall" );; line 31409 (wfb::source-text terrain dominica "rugged mountains of volcanic origin" );; line 31413 (wfb::source-text natural-resource dominica "timber" );; line 31417 (wfb::source-text land_use dominica arable_land "9%" );; line 31422 (wfb::source-text land_use dominica permanent_crops "13%" );; line 31424 (wfb::source-text land_use dominica meadows_and_pastures "3%" );; line 31426 (wfb::source-text land_use dominica forest_and_woodland "41%" );; line 31428 (wfb::source-text land_use dominica other "34%" );; line 31430 (wfb::source-text irrigated_land dominica "NA sq km" );; line 31434 (wfb::source-text environment dominica current_issues "NA" );; line 31439 (wfb::source-text environment dominica natural_hazards "flash floods are a constant threat; destructive hurricanes can be expected during the late summer months" );; line 31441 (wfb::source-text environment dominica international_agreements "party to - Biodiversity, Climate Change, Environmental Modification, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Whaling" );; line 31444 (wfb::source-text population dominica "82,608 (July 1995 est.)" );; line 31451 (wfb::source-text age_structure dominica 0-14_years "29% (female 11,665; male 12,130)" );; line 31456 (wfb::source-text age_structure dominica 15-64_years "64% (female 25,606; male 26,890)" );; line 31458 (wfb::source-text age_structure dominica 65_years_and_over "7% (female 3,724; male 2,593) (July 1995 est.)" );; line 31460 (wfb::source-text population_growth_rate dominica "0.4% (1995 est.)" );; line 31464 (wfb::source-text birth_rate dominica "18.63 births/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 31468 (wfb::source-text death_rate dominica "5.33 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 31472 (wfb::source-text net_migration_rate dominica "-9.36 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 31476 (wfb::source-text infant_mortality_rate dominica "9.9 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.)" );; line 31480 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth dominica total_population "77.2 years" );; line 31485 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth dominica male "74.35 years" );; line 31487 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth dominica female "80.2 years (1995 est.)" );; line 31489 (wfb::source-text total_fertility_rate dominica "1.95 children born/woman (1995 est.)" );; line 31493 (wfb::source-text nationality dominica noun "Dominican(s)" );; line 31498 (wfb::source-text nationality dominica adjective "Dominican" );; line 31500 (wfb::source-text ethnic-entity dominica "black, Carib Indians" );; line 31504 (wfb::source-text religion dominica "Roman Catholic 77%, Protestant 15% (Methodist 5%, Pentecostal 3%, Seventh-Day Adventist 3%, Baptist 2%, other 2%), none 2%, unknown 1%, other 5%" );; line 31508 (wfb::source-text language dominica "English (official), French patois" );; line 31513 (wfb::source-text literacy dominica "age 15 and over has ever attended school (1970)" );; line 31517 (wfb::source-text literacy dominica total_population "94%" );; line 31519 (wfb::source-text literacy dominica male "94%" );; line 31521 (wfb::source-text literacy dominica female "94%" );; line 31523 (wfb::source-text total_labor_force dominica "25,000" );; line 31527 (wfb::source-text labor_force_by_occupation dominica by_occupation "agriculture 40%, industry and commerce 32%, services 28% (1984)" );; line 31529 (wfb::source-text names dominica conventional_long_form "Commonwealth of Dominica" );; line 31535 (wfb::source-text names dominica conventional_short_form "Dominica" );; line 31537 (wfb::source-text digraph dominica "DO" );; line 31541 (wfb::source-text type dominica "parliamentary democracy" );; line 31545 (wfb::source-text capital dominica "Roseau" );; line 31549 (wfb::source-text administrative_divisions dominica "10 parishes; Saint Andrew, Saint David, Saint George, Saint John, Saint Joseph, Saint Luke, Saint Mark, Saint Patrick, Saint Paul, Saint Peter" );; line 31553 (wfb::source-text independence dominica "3 November 1978 (from UK)" );; line 31558 (wfb::source-text national_holiday dominica "Independence Day, 3 November (1978)" );; line 31562 (wfb::source-text constitution dominica "3 November 1978" );; line 31566 (wfb::source-text legal_system dominica "based on English common law" );; line 31570 (wfb::source-text suffrage dominica "18 years of age; universal" );; line 31574 (wfb::source-text executive_branch dominica chief_of_state "President Crispin Anselm SORHAINDO (since 25 October 1993) election last held 4 October 1993 (next to be held NA October 1998); results - President Crispin Anselm SORHAINDO was elected by the House of Assembly to a five-year term" );; line 31579 (wfb::source-text executive_branch dominica head_of_government "Prime Minister (Mary) Eugenia CHARLES (since 21 July 1980, elected for a third term 28 May 1990)" );; line 31584 (wfb::source-text executive_branch dominica cabinet "Cabinet; appointed by the president on the advice of the prime minister" );; line 31587 (wfb::source-text legislative_structure dominica "unicameral" );; line 31592 (wfb::source-text legislative_branch dominica house_of_assembly "elections last held 28 May 1990 (next to be held by October 1995); results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (30 total; 9 appointed senators and 21 elected representatives) DFP 11, UWP 6, DLP 4" );; line 31594 (wfb::source-text judicial_branch dominica "Eastern Caribbean Supreme Court" );; line 31600 (wfb::source-text political_parties_and_leaders dominica "Dominica Freedom Party (DFP), Brian ALLEYNE; Dominica Labor Party (DLP), Rosie DOUGLAS; United Workers Party (UWP), Edison JAMES" );; line 31604 (wfb::source-text other_political_or_pressure_groups dominica "Dominica Liberation Movement (DLM), a small leftist group" );; line 31609 (wfb::source-text member_of dominica "ACCT, ACP, C, CARICOM, CDB, ECLAC, FAO, G-77, GATT, IBRD, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTERPOL, IOC, NAM (observer), OAS, OECS, OPANAL, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCL, WHO, WMO" );; line 31613 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us dominica "Dominica has no embassy in the US" );; line 31619 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us dominica |consulate(s) general| "New York" );; line 31621 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation dominica "no official presence since the Ambassador resides in Bridgetown (Barbados), but travels frequently to Dominica" );; line 31625 (wfb::source-text flag dominica "green with a centered cross of three equal bands - the vertical part is yellow (hoist side), black, and white - the horizontal part is yellow (top), black, and white; superimposed in the center of the cross is a red disk bearing a sisserou parrot encircled by 10 green five-pointed stars edged in yellow; the 10 stars represent the 10 administrative divisions (parishes)" );; line 31630 (wfb::source-text overview dominica "The economy is dependent on agriculture and thus is highly vulnerable to climatic conditions. Agriculture accounts for about 30% of GDP and employs 40% of the labor force. Principal products include bananas, citrus, mangoes, root crops, and coconuts. Development of the tourist industry remains difficult because of the rugged coastline and the lack of an international airport. In 1994 a tropical storm devastated the banana industry." );; line 31640 (wfb::source-text national_product dominica "GDP - purchasing power parity - $200 million (1994 est.)" );; line 31649 (wfb::source-text national_product_real_growth_rate dominica "1.6% (1994 est.)" );; line 31653 (wfb::source-text national_product_per_capita dominica "$2,260 (1994 est.)" );; line 31657 (wfb::source-text |Inflation rate (consumer prices)| dominica "1.6% (1993 est.)" );; line 31661 (wfb::source-text unemployment_rate dominica "15% (1992 est.)" );; line 31665 (wfb::source-text budget dominica revenues "$70 million" );; line 31670 (wfb::source-text budget dominica expenditures "$84 million, including capital expenditures of $26 million (FY90/91 est.)" );; line 31672 (wfb::source-text exports dominica "$48.3 million (f.o.b., 1993)" );; line 31677 (wfb::source-text exports dominica commodities "bananas, soap, bay oil, vegetables, grapefruit, oranges" );; line 31679 (wfb::source-text exports dominica partners "UK 55%, CARICOM countries, Italy, US" );; line 31681 (wfb::source-text imports dominica "$98.8 million (f.o.b., 1993)" );; line 31685 (wfb::source-text imports dominica commodities "manufactured goods, machinery and equipment, food, chemicals" );; line 31687 (wfb::source-text imports dominica partners "US 25%, CARICOM, UK, Japan, Canada" );; line 31689 (wfb::source-text external_debt dominica "$92.8 million (1992)" );; line 31693 (wfb::source-text industrial_production dominica "growth rate -10% (1994 est.); accounts for 7% of GDP" );; line 31697 (wfb::source-text electricity dominica capacity "7,000 kW" );; line 31702 (wfb::source-text electricity dominica production "30 million kWh" );; line 31704 (wfb::source-text electricity dominica consumption_per_capita "347 kWh (1993)" );; line 31706 (wfb::source-text industry dominica "soap, coconut oil, tourism, copra, furniture, cement blocks, shoes" );; line 31710 (wfb::source-text agriculture dominica "accounts for 30% of GDP; principal crops - bananas, citrus, mangoes, root crops, coconuts; bananas provide the bulk of export earnings; forestry and fisheries potential not exploited" );; line 31715 (wfb::source-text illicit_drugs dominica "transshipment point for narcotics bound for the US and Europe; minor cannabis producer" );; line 31721 (wfb::source-text economic_aid dominica recipient "Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-89), $120 million" );; line 31727 (wfb::source-text currency dominica "1 EC dollar (EC$) = 100 cents" );; line 31732 (wfb::source-text exchange_rates dominica "East Caribbean dollars (EC$) per US$1 - 2.70 (fixed rate since 1976)" );; line 31736 (wfb::source-text fiscal_year dominica "1 July - 30 June" );; line 31741 (wfb::source-text railroads dominica "0 km" );; line 31746 (wfb::source-text highways dominica total "750 km" );; line 31751 (wfb::source-text highways dominica paved "370 km" );; line 31753 (wfb::source-text highways dominica unpaved "gravel or earth 380 km" );; line 31755 (wfb::source-text port dominica "Portsmouth, Roseau" );; line 31759 (wfb::source-text merchant_marine dominica "none" );; line 31763 (wfb::source-text airports dominica total "2" );; line 31768 (wfb::source-text airports dominica |with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m| "1" );; line 31770 (wfb::source-text airports dominica with_paved_runways_under_914_m "1" );; line 31772 (wfb::source-text telephone_system dominica "4,600 telephones; fully automatic network" );; line 31777 (wfb::source-text telephone_system dominica local "NA" );; line 31779 (wfb::source-text telephone_system dominica intercity "NA" );; line 31781 (wfb::source-text telephone_system dominica international "SHF radio and microwave radio relay links to Martinique and Guadeloupe; VHF and UHF radio links to Saint Lucia" );; line 31783 (wfb::source-text radio dominica broadcast_stations "AM 3, FM 2, shortwave 0" );; line 31789 (wfb::source-text radio dominica radios "NA" );; line 31791 (wfb::source-text television dominica broadcast_stations "1 cable" );; line 31796 (wfb::source-text television dominica televisions "NA" );; line 31798 (wfb::source-text defense_branch dominica "Commonwealth of Dominica Police Force (includes Special Service Unit, Coast Guard)" );; line 31804 (wfb::source-text defense_expenditures dominica "$NA, NA% of GDP" );; line 31809 (wfb::source-text location dominican_republic "Caribbean, eastern two-thirds of the island of Hispaniola, between the Caribbean Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean, east of Haiti" );; line 31819 (wfb::source-text map_references dominican_republic "Central America and the Caribbean" );; line 31824 (wfb::source-text area dominican_republic total_area "48,730 sq km" );; line 31829 (wfb::source-text area dominican_republic land_area "48,380 sq km" );; line 31831 (wfb::source-text area dominican_republic comparative_area "slightly more than twice the size of New Hampshire" );; line 31833 (wfb::source-text borders dominican_republic "total 275 km, Haiti 275 km" );; line 31837 (wfb::source-text coastline dominican_republic "1,288 km" );; line 31841 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims dominican_republic contiguous_zone "24 nm" );; line 31846 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims dominican_republic continental_shelf "200 nm or to the edge of the continental margin" );; line 31848 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims dominican_republic exclusive_economic_zone "200 nm" );; line 31850 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims dominican_republic territorial_sea "6 nm" );; line 31852 (wfb::source-text international_disputes dominican_republic "none" );; line 31856 (wfb::source-text climate dominican_republic "tropical maritime; little seasonal temperature variation; seasonal variation in rainfall" );; line 31860 (wfb::source-text terrain dominican_republic "rugged highlands and mountains with fertile valleys interspersed" );; line 31865 (wfb::source-text natural-resource dominican_republic "nickel, bauxite, gold, silver" );; line 31869 (wfb::source-text land_use dominican_republic arable_land "23%" );; line 31874 (wfb::source-text land_use dominican_republic permanent_crops "7%" );; line 31876 (wfb::source-text land_use dominican_republic meadows_and_pastures "43%" );; line 31878 (wfb::source-text land_use dominican_republic forest_and_woodland "13%" );; line 31880 (wfb::source-text land_use dominican_republic other "14%" );; line 31882 (wfb::source-text irrigated_land dominican_republic "2,250 sq km (1989)" );; line 31886 (wfb::source-text environment dominican_republic current_issues "water shortages; soil eroding into the sea damages coral reefs; deforestation" );; line 31891 (wfb::source-text environment dominican_republic natural_hazards "occasional hurricanes (July to October)" );; line 31894 (wfb::source-text environment dominican_republic international_agreements "party to - Endangered Species, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection; signed, but not ratified - Biodiversity, Climate Change, Law of the Sea" );; line 31896 (wfb::source-text note dominican_republic "shares island of Hispaniola with Haiti (eastern two-thirds is the Dominican Republic, western one-third is Haiti)" );; line 31902 (wfb::source-text population dominican_republic "7,511,263 (July 1995 est.)" );; line 31909 (wfb::source-text age_structure dominican_republic 0-14_years "35% (female 1,288,210; male 1,336,162)" );; line 31914 (wfb::source-text age_structure dominican_republic 15-64_years "61% (female 2,246,791; male 2,312,555)" );; line 31916 (wfb::source-text age_structure dominican_republic 65_years_and_over "4% (female 178,388; male 149,157) (July 1995 est.)" );; line 31918 (wfb::source-text population_growth_rate dominican_republic "1.17% (1995 est.)" );; line 31922 (wfb::source-text birth_rate dominican_republic "23.92 births/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 31926 (wfb::source-text death_rate dominican_republic "6.15 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 31930 (wfb::source-text net_migration_rate dominican_republic "-6.04 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 31934 (wfb::source-text infant_mortality_rate dominican_republic "49.5 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.)" );; line 31938 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth dominican_republic total_population "68.73 years" );; line 31943 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth dominican_republic male "66.57 years" );; line 31945 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth dominican_republic female "70.99 years (1995 est.)" );; line 31947 (wfb::source-text total_fertility_rate dominican_republic "2.72 children born/woman (1995 est.)" );; line 31951 (wfb::source-text nationality dominican_republic noun "Dominican(s)" );; line 31956 (wfb::source-text nationality dominican_republic adjective "Dominican" );; line 31958 (wfb::source-text ethnic-entity dominican_republic "white 16%, black 11%, mixed 73%" );; line 31962 (wfb::source-text religion dominican_republic "Roman Catholic 95%" );; line 31966 (wfb::source-text language dominican_republic "Spanish" );; line 31970 (wfb::source-text literacy dominican_republic "age 15 and over can read and write (1990 est.)" );; line 31974 (wfb::source-text literacy dominican_republic total_population "83%" );; line 31976 (wfb::source-text literacy dominican_republic male "85%" );; line 31978 (wfb::source-text literacy dominican_republic female "82%" );; line 31980 (wfb::source-text total_labor_force dominican_republic "2.3 million to 2.6 million" );; line 31984 (wfb::source-text labor_force_by_occupation dominican_republic by_occupation "agriculture 49%, services 33%, industry 18% (1986)" );; line 31986 (wfb::source-text names dominican_republic conventional_long_form "Dominican Republic" );; line 31992 (wfb::source-text names dominican_republic conventional_short_form "none" );; line 31994 (wfb::source-text names dominican_republic local_long_form "Republica Dominicana" );; line 31996 (wfb::source-text names dominican_republic local_short_form "none" );; line 31998 (wfb::source-text digraph dominican_republic "DR" );; line 32002 (wfb::source-text type dominican_republic "republic" );; line 32006 (wfb::source-text capital dominican_republic "Santo Domingo" );; line 32010 (wfb::source-text administrative_divisions dominican_republic "29 provinces (provincias, singular - provincia) and 1 district* (distrito); Azua, Baoruco, Barahona, Dajabon, Distrito Nacional*, Duarte, Elias Pina, El Seibo, Espaillat, Hato Mayor, Independencia, La Altagracia, La Romana, La Vega, Maria Trinidad Sanchez, Monsenor Nouel, Monte Cristi, Monte Plata, Pedernales, Peravia, Puerto Plata, Salcedo, Samana, Sanchez Ramirez, San Cristobal, San Juan, San Pedro de Macoris, Santiago, Santiago Rodriguez, Valverde" );; line 32014 (wfb::source-text independence dominican_republic "27 February 1844 (from Haiti)" );; line 32024 (wfb::source-text national_holiday dominican_republic "Independence Day, 27 February (1844)" );; line 32028 (wfb::source-text constitution dominican_republic "28 November 1966" );; line 32032 (wfb::source-text legal_system dominican_republic "based on French civil codes" );; line 32036 (wfb::source-text suffrage dominican_republic "18 years of age; universal and compulsory or married persons regardless of age" );; line 32040 (wfb::source-text executive_branch dominican_republic chief_of_state_and_head_of_government "President Joaquin BALAGUER Ricardo (since 16 August 1986, sixth elected term began 16 August 1994); Vice President Jacinto PEYNADO (since 16 August 1994) election last held 16 May 1994 (next to be held May 1996); results - Joaquin BALAGUER (PRSC) 42.6%, Juan BOSCH Gavino (PLD) 13.2%, Jose Francisco PENA Gomez (PRD) 41.9%, Jacobo MAJLUTA (PRI) 2.3%" );; line 32048 (wfb::source-text executive_branch dominican_republic cabinet "Cabinet; nominated by the president" );; line 32054 (wfb::source-text legislative_structure dominican_republic "bicameral National Congress (Congreso Nacional)" );; line 32058 (wfb::source-text legislative_branch dominican_republic |Senate (Senado)| "elections last held 16 May 1994 (next to be held May 1998); results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (30 total) PRSC 15, PLD 1, PRD 14" );; line 32060 (wfb::source-text legislative_branch dominican_republic |Chamber of Deputies (Camara de Diputados)| "elections last held 16 May 1994 (next to be held May 1998); results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (120 total) PLD 13, PRSC 50, PRD 57" );; line 32064 (wfb::source-text judicial_branch dominican_republic "Supreme Court (Corte Suprema)" );; line 32070 (wfb::source-text political_parties_and_leaders dominican_republic major_parties "Social Christian Reformist Party (PRSC), Joaquin BALAGUER Ricardo; Dominican Liberation Party (PLD), (vacant following retirement of Juan BOSCH Gavino); Dominican Revolutionary Party (PRD), Jose Franciso PENA Gomez; Independent Revolutionary Party (PRI), Jacobo MAJLUTA" );; line 32075 (wfb::source-text political_parties_and_leaders dominican_republic minor_parties "National Veterans and Civilian Party (PNVC), Juan Rene BEAUCHAMPS Javier; Liberal Party of the Dominican Republic (PLRD), Andres Van Der HORST; Democratic Quisqueyan Party (PQD), Elias WESSIN Chavez; National Progressive Force (FNP), Marino VINICIO Castillo; Popular Christian Party (PPC), Rogelio DELGADO Bogaert; Dominican Communist Party (PCD), Narciso ISA Conde; Dominican Workers' Party (PTD), Ivan RODRIGUEZ; Anti-Imperialist Patriotic Union (UPA), Ignacio RODRIGUEZ Chiappini; Alliance for Democracy Party (APD), Maximilano Rabelais PUIG Miller, Nelsida MARMOLEJOS, Vicente BENGOA; Democratic Union (UD), Fernando ALVAREZ Bogaert" );; line 32080 (wfb::source-text other_political_or_pressure_groups dominican_republic "Collective of Popular Organzations (COP), leader NA" );; line 32096 (wfb::source-text member_of dominican_republic "ACP, CARICOM (observer), ECLAC, FAO, G-11, G-77, GATT, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, IOM, ITU, LAES, LAIA (observer), NAM (guest), OAS, OPANAL, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WMO, WTO" );; line 32100 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us dominican_republic chief_of_mission "Ambassador Jose del Carmen ARIZA Gomez" );; line 32108 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us dominican_republic chancery "1715 22nd Street NW, Washington, DC 20008" );; line 32110 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us dominican_republic telephone "[1] (202) 332-6280" );; line 32112 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us dominican_republic fax "[1] (202) 265-8057" );; line 32114 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us dominican_republic |consulate(s) general| "Boston, Chicago, Los Angeles, Mayaguez (Puerto Rico), Miami, New Orleans, New York, Philadelphia, San Francisco, and San Juan (Puerto Rico)" );; line 32116 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us dominican_republic |consulate(s)| "Charlotte Amalie (Virgin Islands), Detroit, Houston, Jacksonville, Minneapolis, Mobile, and Ponce (Puerto Rico)" );; line 32119 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation dominican_republic chief_of_mission "Ambassador Donna Jean HRINAK" );; line 32125 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation dominican_republic embassy "corner of Calle Cesar Nicolas Penson and Calle Leopoldo Navarro, Santo Domingo" );; line 32127 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation dominican_republic mailing_address "Unit 5500, Santo Domingo; APO AA 34041" );; line 32130 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation dominican_republic telephone "[1] (809) 541-2171, 8100" );; line 32132 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation dominican_republic fax "[1] (809) 686-7437" );; line 32134 (wfb::source-text flag dominican_republic "a centered white cross that extends to the edges, divides the flag into four rectangles - the top ones are blue (hoist side) and red, the bottom ones are red (hoist side) and blue; a small coat of arms is at the center of the cross" );; line 32138 (wfb::source-text overview dominican_republic "The Dominican economy showed some signs of slippage in 1994, although its overall performance in recent years has been relatively strong. After posting an increase of nearly 8% in 1992, GDP growth fell to 3% in 1993 and 1994 as mining output decreased and erosion of real wages caused private consumption to decline. A pre-election boost in government spending in early 1994 led to the first government deficit in four years and bumped inflation up to 14% for the year. Continued dynamism in construction and the services sector, especially tourism, should keep the economy growing in 1995. Tourism, agriculture, and manufacturing for export remain key sectors of the economy. Domestic industry is based on the processing of agricultural products, oil refining, and chemicals." );; line 32146 (wfb::source-text national_product dominican_republic "GDP - purchasing power parity - $24 billion (1994 est.)" );; line 32160 (wfb::source-text national_product_real_growth_rate dominican_republic "2.9% (1994 est.)" );; line 32164 (wfb::source-text national_product_per_capita dominican_republic "$3,070 (1994 est.)" );; line 32168 (wfb::source-text |Inflation rate (consumer prices)| dominican_republic "14% (1994)" );; line 32172 (wfb::source-text unemployment_rate dominican_republic "30% (1994 est.)" );; line 32176 (wfb::source-text budget dominican_republic revenues "$1.8 billion" );; line 32181 (wfb::source-text budget dominican_republic expenditures "$2.2 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA (1994 est.)" );; line 32183 (wfb::source-text exports dominican_republic "$585 million (f.o.b., 1994)" );; line 32187 (wfb::source-text exports dominican_republic commodities "ferronickel, sugar, gold, coffee, cocoa" );; line 32189 (wfb::source-text exports dominican_republic partners "US 52%, EC 23%, Puerto Rico 9%, Asia 7% (1992)" );; line 32191 (wfb::source-text imports dominican_republic "$2.5 billion (c.i.f., 1994 est.)" );; line 32195 (wfb::source-text imports dominican_republic commodities "foodstuffs, petroleum, cotton and fabrics, chemicals and pharmaceuticals" );; line 32197 (wfb::source-text imports dominican_republic partners "US 60% (1993)" );; line 32200 (wfb::source-text external_debt dominican_republic "$4.3 billion (1994 est.)" );; line 32204 (wfb::source-text industrial_production dominican_republic "growth rate 3.4% (1994); accounts for 14% of GDP" );; line 32208 (wfb::source-text electricity dominican_republic capacity "1,450,000 kW" );; line 32213 (wfb::source-text electricity dominican_republic production "5.4 billion kWh" );; line 32215 (wfb::source-text electricity dominican_republic consumption_per_capita "651 kWh (1993)" );; line 32217 (wfb::source-text industry dominican_republic "tourism, sugar processing, ferronickel and gold mining, textiles, cement, tobacco" );; line 32221 (wfb::source-text agriculture dominican_republic "accounts for 15% of GDP and employs 49% of labor force; commercial crops - sugarcane, coffee, cotton, cocoa, and tobacco; food crops - rice, beans, potatoes, corn, bananas; animal output - cattle, hogs, dairy products, meat, eggs; not self-sufficient in food" );; line 32226 (wfb::source-text illicit_drugs dominican_republic "transshipment point for South American drugs destined for the US and Europe" );; line 32233 (wfb::source-text economic_aid dominican_republic recipient "US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY85-89), $575 million; Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-89), $655 million" );; line 32239 (wfb::source-text currency dominican_republic "1 Dominican peso (RD$) = 100 centavos" );; line 32244 (wfb::source-text exchange_rates dominican_republic "Dominican pesos (RD$) per US$1 - 13.258 (January 1995), 13.160 (1994), 12.679 (1993), 12.774 (1992), 12.692 (1991), 8.525 (1990)" );; line 32248 (wfb::source-text fiscal_year dominican_republic "calendar year" );; line 32253 (wfb::source-text railroads dominican_republic total "1,655 km (in numerous segments; includes 4 different gauges from 0.558-m narrow gauge to 1.435-m standard gauge)" );; line 32259 (wfb::source-text highways dominican_republic total "12,000 km" );; line 32265 (wfb::source-text highways dominican_republic paved "5,800 km" );; line 32267 (wfb::source-text highways dominican_republic unpaved "gravel or improved earth 5,600 km; unimproved earth 600 km" );; line 32269 (wfb::source-text pipelines dominican_republic "crude oil 96 km; petroleum products 8 km" );; line 32273 (wfb::source-text port dominican_republic "Barahona, La Romana, Puerto Plata, San Pedro de Macoris, Santo Domingo" );; line 32277 (wfb::source-text merchant_marine dominican_republic total "1 cargo ship (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 1,587 GRT/1,165 DWT" );; line 32283 (wfb::source-text airports dominican_republic total "36" );; line 32288 (wfb::source-text airports dominican_republic |with paved runways over 3,047 m| "2" );; line 32290 (wfb::source-text airports dominican_republic |with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m| "1" );; line 32292 (wfb::source-text airports dominican_republic |with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m| "4" );; line 32294 (wfb::source-text airports dominican_republic |with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m| "5" );; line 32296 (wfb::source-text airports dominican_republic with_paved_runways_under_914_m "16" );; line 32298 (wfb::source-text airports dominican_republic |with unpaved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m| "1" );; line 32300 (wfb::source-text airports dominican_republic |with unpaved runways 1,524 to 2,438 m| "1" );; line 32302 (wfb::source-text airports dominican_republic |with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m| "6" );; line 32304 (wfb::source-text telephone_system dominican_republic "190,000 telephones; relatively efficient domestic system based on islandwide microwave radio relay network" );; line 32309 (wfb::source-text telephone_system dominican_republic local "NA" );; line 32312 (wfb::source-text telephone_system dominican_republic intercity "islandwide microwave radio relay network" );; line 32314 (wfb::source-text telephone_system dominican_republic international "1 coaxial submarine cable; 1 INTELSAT (Atlantic Ocean) earth station" );; line 32316 (wfb::source-text radio dominican_republic broadcast_stations "AM 120, FM 0, shortwave 6" );; line 32322 (wfb::source-text radio dominican_republic radios "NA" );; line 32324 (wfb::source-text television dominican_republic broadcast_stations "18" );; line 32329 (wfb::source-text television dominican_republic televisions "NA" );; line 32331 (wfb::source-text defense_branch dominican_republic "Army, Navy, Air Force, National Police" );; line 32337 (wfb::source-text manpower_availability dominican_republic "males age 15-49 2,008,597; males fit for military service 1,266,812; males reach military age (18) annually 79,769 (1995 est.)" );; line 32341 (wfb::source-text defense_expenditures dominican_republic "exchange rate conversion - $116 million, 1.4% of GDP (1994)" );; line 32346 (wfb::source-text location ecuador "Western South America, bordering the Pacific Ocean at the Equator, between Colombia and Peru" );; line 32357 (wfb::source-text map_references ecuador "South America" );; line 32362 (wfb::source-text area ecuador total_area "283,560 sq km" );; line 32367 (wfb::source-text area ecuador land_area "276,840 sq km" );; line 32369 (wfb::source-text area ecuador comparative_area "slightly smaller than Nevada" );; line 32371 (wfb::source-text borders ecuador "total 2,010 km, Colombia 590 km, Peru 1,420 km" );; line 32377 (wfb::source-text coastline ecuador "2,237 km" );; line 32381 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims ecuador continental_shelf "claims continental shelf between mainland and Galapagos Islands" );; line 32386 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims ecuador territorial_sea "200 nm" );; line 32388 (wfb::source-text international_disputes ecuador "three sections of the boundary with Peru are in dispute" );; line 32392 (wfb::source-text climate ecuador "tropical along coast becoming cooler inland" );; line 32396 (wfb::source-text terrain ecuador "coastal plain (costa), inter-Andean central highlands (sierra), and flat to rolling eastern jungle (oriente)" );; line 32400 (wfb::source-text natural-resource ecuador "petroleum, fish, timber" );; line 32405 (wfb::source-text land_use ecuador arable_land "6%" );; line 32410 (wfb::source-text land_use ecuador permanent_crops "3%" );; line 32412 (wfb::source-text land_use ecuador meadows_and_pastures "17%" );; line 32414 (wfb::source-text land_use ecuador forest_and_woodland "51%" );; line 32416 (wfb::source-text land_use ecuador other "23%" );; line 32418 (wfb::source-text irrigated_land ecuador "5,500 sq km (1989 est.)" );; line 32422 (wfb::source-text environment ecuador current_issues "deforestation; soil erosion; desertification; water pollution" );; line 32427 (wfb::source-text environment ecuador natural_hazards "frequent earthquakes, landslides, volcanic activity; periodic droughts" );; line 32429 (wfb::source-text environment ecuador international_agreements "party to - Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Wetlands; signed, but not ratified - Tropical Timber 94" );; line 32432 (wfb::source-text note ecuador "Cotopaxi in Andes is highest active volcano in world" );; line 32439 (wfb::source-text population ecuador "10,890,950 (July 1995 est.)" );; line 32445 (wfb::source-text age_structure ecuador 0-14_years "36% (female 1,928,977; male 1,990,036)" );; line 32450 (wfb::source-text age_structure ecuador 15-64_years "60% (female 3,281,575; male 3,230,082)" );; line 32452 (wfb::source-text age_structure ecuador 65_years_and_over "4% (female 244,862; male 215,418) (July 1995 est.)" );; line 32454 (wfb::source-text population_growth_rate ecuador "1.95% (1995 est.)" );; line 32458 (wfb::source-text birth_rate ecuador "25.08 births/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 32462 (wfb::source-text death_rate ecuador "5.55 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 32466 (wfb::source-text net_migration_rate ecuador "0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 32470 (wfb::source-text infant_mortality_rate ecuador "37.7 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.)" );; line 32474 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth ecuador total_population "70.35 years" );; line 32479 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth ecuador male "67.83 years" );; line 32481 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth ecuador female "72.99 years (1995 est.)" );; line 32483 (wfb::source-text total_fertility_rate ecuador "2.97 children born/woman (1995 est.)" );; line 32487 (wfb::source-text nationality ecuador noun "Ecuadorian(s)" );; line 32492 (wfb::source-text nationality ecuador adjective "Ecuadorian" );; line 32494 (wfb::source-text ethnic-entity ecuador "mestizo (mixed Indian and Spanish) 55%, Indian 25%, Spanish 10%, black 10%" );; line 32498 (wfb::source-text religion ecuador "Roman Catholic 95%" );; line 32503 (wfb::source-text language ecuador "Spanish (official), Indian languages (especially Quechua)" );; line 32507 (wfb::source-text literacy ecuador "age 15 and over can read and write (1990)" );; line 32511 (wfb::source-text literacy ecuador total_population "87%" );; line 32513 (wfb::source-text literacy ecuador male "90%" );; line 32515 (wfb::source-text literacy ecuador female "84%" );; line 32517 (wfb::source-text total_labor_force ecuador "2.8 million" );; line 32521 (wfb::source-text labor_force_by_occupation ecuador by_occupation "agriculture 35%, manufacturing 21%, commerce 16%, services and other activities 28% (1982)" );; line 32523 (wfb::source-text names ecuador conventional_long_form "Republic of Ecuador" );; line 32530 (wfb::source-text names ecuador conventional_short_form "Ecuador" );; line 32532 (wfb::source-text names ecuador local_long_form "Republica del Ecuador" );; line 32534 (wfb::source-text names ecuador local_short_form "Ecuador" );; line 32536 (wfb::source-text digraph ecuador "EC" );; line 32540 (wfb::source-text type ecuador "republic" );; line 32544 (wfb::source-text capital ecuador "Quito" );; line 32548 (wfb::source-text administrative_divisions ecuador "21 provinces (provincias, singular - provincia); Azuay, Bolivar, Canar, Carchi, Chimborazo, Cotopaxi, El Oro, Esmeraldas, Galapagos, Guayas, Imbabura, Loja, Los Rios, Manabi, Morona-Santiago, Napo, Pastaza, Pichincha, Sucumbios, Tungurahua, Zamora-Chinchipe" );; line 32552 (wfb::source-text independence ecuador "24 May 1822 (from Spain)" );; line 32559 (wfb::source-text national_holiday ecuador "Independence Day, 10 August (1809) (independence of Quito)" );; line 32563 (wfb::source-text constitution ecuador "10 August 1979" );; line 32567 (wfb::source-text legal_system ecuador "based on civil law system; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction" );; line 32571 (wfb::source-text suffrage ecuador "18 years of age; universal, compulsory for literate persons ages 18-65, optional for other eligible voters" );; line 32576 (wfb::source-text executive_branch ecuador chief_of_state_and_head_of_government "President Sixto DURAN-BALLEN Cordovez (since 10 August 1992); Vice President Alberto DAHIK Garzoni (since 10 August 1992); election runoff election held 5 July 1992 (next to be held NA 1996); results - Sixto DURAN-BALLEN elected as president and Alberto DAHIK elected as vice president" );; line 32582 (wfb::source-text executive_branch ecuador cabinet "Cabinet; appointed by the president" );; line 32587 (wfb::source-text legislative_structure ecuador "unicameral" );; line 32591 (wfb::source-text legislative_branch ecuador |National Congress (Congreso Nacional)| "elections last held 1 May 1994 (next to be held 1 May 1996); results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (77 total) PSC 25, PRE 11, MPD 8, ID 7, DP 7, PCE 7, PUR 2, CFP 2, APRE 2, PSE 1, FRA 1, PLRE 1, LN 1, independents 2" );; line 32593 (wfb::source-text judicial_branch ecuador "Supreme Court (Corte Suprema)" );; line 32600 (wfb::source-text political_parties_and_leaders ecuador center-right_parties "Social Christian Party (PSC), Jaime NEBOT Saadi, president; Republican Unity Party (PUR), President Sixto DURAN-BALLEN, leader; Ecuadorian Conservative Party (PCE), Vice President Alberto DAHIK, president" );; line 32605 (wfb::source-text political_parties_and_leaders ecuador center-left_parties "Democratic Left (ID), Andres VALLEJO Arcos, Rodrigo BORJA Cevallos, leaders; Popular Democracy (DP), Rodrigo PAZ, leader; Ecuadorian Radical Liberal Party (PLRE), Medardo MORA, leader; Radical Alfarista Front (FRA), Jaime ASPIAZU Seminario, director" );; line 32609 (wfb::source-text political_parties_and_leaders ecuador populist_parties "Roldista Party (PRE), Abdala BUCARAM Ortiz, director; Concentration of Popular Forces (CFP), Rodolfo BAQUERIZO Nazur, leader; Popular Revolutionary Action (APRE), Frank VARGAS Passos, leader" );; line 32614 (wfb::source-text political_parties_and_leaders ecuador far-left_parties "Popular Democratic Movement (MPD), Juan Jose CASTELLO, leader; Ecuadorian Socialist Party (PSE), Leon ROLDOS, leader; Broad Leftist Front (FADI), Rene Mauge MOSQUERA, chairman; Ecuadorian National Liberation (LN), Alfredo CASTILLO, director" );; line 32618 (wfb::source-text political_parties_and_leaders ecuador communists "Communist Party of Ecuador (PCE, pro-North Korea), Rene Mauge MOSQUERA, Secretary General; Communist Party of Ecuador/Marxist-Leninist (PCMLE, Maoist)" );; line 32623 (wfb::source-text member_of ecuador "AG, ECLAC, FAO, G-11, G-77, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, IOM, ITU, LAES, LAIA, NAM, OAS, OPANAL, PCA, RG, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO" );; line 32629 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us ecuador chief_of_mission "Ambassador Edgar TERAN Teran" );; line 32637 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us ecuador chancery "2535 15th Street NW, Washington, DC 20009" );; line 32639 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us ecuador telephone "[1] (202) 234-7200" );; line 32641 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us ecuador |consulate(s) general| "Chicago, Houston, Los Angeles, Miami, New Orleans, New York, and San Francisco" );; line 32643 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us ecuador |consulate(s)| "Newark" );; line 32646 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation ecuador chief_of_mission "Ambassador Peter F. ROMERO" );; line 32651 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation ecuador embassy "Avenida 12 de Octubre y Avenida Patria, Quito" );; line 32653 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation ecuador mailing_address "APO AA 34039-3420" );; line 32655 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation ecuador telephone "[593] (2) 562-890, 561-624, 561-749" );; line 32657 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation ecuador fax "[593] (2) 502-052" );; line 32659 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation ecuador |consulate(s) general| "Guayaquil" );; line 32661 (wfb::source-text flag ecuador "three horizontal bands of yellow (top, double width), blue, and red with the coat of arms superimposed at the center of the flag; similar to the flag of Colombia that is shorter and does not bear a coat of arms" );; line 32665 (wfb::source-text overview ecuador "Ecuador has substantial oil resources and rich agricultural areas. Growth has been uneven in recent years because of fluctuations in prices for Ecuador's primary exports - oil and bananas - as well as because of government policies designed to curb inflation. President Sixto DURAN-BALLEN launched a series of macroeconomic reforms when he came into office in August 1992 which included raising domestic fuel prices and utility rates, eliminating most subsidies, and bringing the government budget into balance. These measures helped to reduce inflation from 55% in 1992 to 25% in 1994. DURAN-BALLEN has a much more favorable attitude toward foreign investment than his predecessor and has supported several laws designed to encourage foreign investment. Ecuador has implemented free or complementary trade agreements with Bolivia, Chile, Colombia, Peru, and Venezuela, as well as applied for World Trade Organization membership. Ecuador signed a standby agreement with the IMF and rescheduled its $7.6 billion commercial debt in 1994 thereby regaining access to multilateral lending. Growth in 1994 speeded up to 3.9%, based on increased exports of bananas and non-traditional products, while international reserves increased to a record $1.6 billion." );; line 32672 (wfb::source-text national_product ecuador "GDP - purchasing power parity - $41.1 billion (1994 est.)" );; line 32692 (wfb::source-text national_product_real_growth_rate ecuador "3.9% (1994 est.)" );; line 32696 (wfb::source-text national_product_per_capita ecuador "$3,840 (1994 est.)" );; line 32700 (wfb::source-text |Inflation rate (consumer prices)| ecuador "25% (1994)" );; line 32704 (wfb::source-text unemployment_rate ecuador "7.1% (1994)" );; line 32708 (wfb::source-text budget ecuador revenues "$2.76 billion" );; line 32713 (wfb::source-text budget ecuador expenditures "$2.76 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA (1994)" );; line 32715 (wfb::source-text exports ecuador "$3.3 billion (f.o.b., 1994 est.)" );; line 32719 (wfb::source-text exports ecuador commodities "petroleum 39%, bananas 17%, shrimp 16%, cocoa 3%, coffee 6%" );; line 32721 (wfb::source-text exports ecuador partners "US 42%, Latin America 29%, Caribbean, EU countries 17%" );; line 32723 (wfb::source-text imports ecuador "$3 billion (f.o.b., 1994 est.)" );; line 32727 (wfb::source-text imports ecuador commodities "transport equipment, consumer goods, vehicles, machinery, chemicals" );; line 32729 (wfb::source-text imports ecuador partners "US 28%, EU 17%, Latin America 31%, Caribbean, Japan" );; line 32732 (wfb::source-text external_debt ecuador "$13.2 billion (yearend 1993 est.)" );; line 32736 (wfb::source-text industrial_production ecuador "growth rate 6.4% (1993); accounts for almost 35% of GDP, including petroleum" );; line 32740 (wfb::source-text electricity ecuador capacity "2,230,000 kW" );; line 32746 (wfb::source-text electricity ecuador production "6.9 billion kWh" );; line 32748 (wfb::source-text electricity ecuador consumption_per_capita "612 kWh (1993)" );; line 32750 (wfb::source-text industry ecuador "petroleum, food processing, textiles, metal work, paper products, wood products, chemicals, plastics, fishing, lumber" );; line 32754 (wfb::source-text agriculture ecuador "accounts for 14% of GDP (including fishing and forestry); leading producer and exporter of bananas and balsawood; other agricultural exports - coffee, cocoa, fish, shrimp; other crops - rice, potatoes, manioc, plantains, sugarcane; livestock products - cattle, sheep, hogs, beef, pork, dairy products; net importer of foodgrains, dairy products, and sugar" );; line 32759 (wfb::source-text illicit_drugs ecuador "significant transit country for derivatives of coca originating in Colombia, Bolivia, and Peru; minor illicit producer of coca; importer of precursor chemicals used in production of illicit narcotics; important money-laundering hub" );; line 32767 (wfb::source-text economic_aid ecuador recipient "US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-89), $498 million; Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-91), $2.39 billion; Communist countries (1970-89), $64 million" );; line 32775 (wfb::source-text currency ecuador "1 sucre (S/) = 100 centavos" );; line 32781 (wfb::source-text exchange_rates ecuador "sucres (S/) per US$1 - 1,198.1 (December 1994), 2,196.7 (1994), 1,919.1 (1993), 1,534.0 (1992), 1,046.25 (1991), 767.8 (1990), 767.78 (1990), 526.35 (1989)" );; line 32785 (wfb::source-text fiscal_year ecuador "calendar year" );; line 32791 (wfb::source-text railroads ecuador total "965 km (single track)" );; line 32797 (wfb::source-text railroads ecuador narrow_gauge "965 km 1.067-m gauge" );; line 32799 (wfb::source-text highways ecuador total "43,709 km" );; line 32804 (wfb::source-text highways ecuador paved "5,245 km" );; line 32806 (wfb::source-text highways ecuador unpaved "38,464 km" );; line 32808 (wfb::source-text inland_waterways ecuador "1,500 km" );; line 32812 (wfb::source-text pipelines ecuador "crude oil 800 km; petroleum products 1,358 km" );; line 32816 (wfb::source-text port ecuador "Esmeraldas, Guayaquil, La Libertad, Manta, Puerto Bolivar, San Lorenzo" );; line 32820 (wfb::source-text merchant_marine ecuador total "33 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 222,822 GRT/326,447 DWT" );; line 32826 (wfb::source-text merchant_marine ecuador ships_by_type "bulk 1, cargo 2, container 2, liquefied gas tanker 2, oil tanker 13, passenger 3, refrigerated cargo 10" );; line 32828 (wfb::source-text airports ecuador total "175" );; line 32834 (wfb::source-text airports ecuador |with paved runways over 3,047 m| "2" );; line 32836 (wfb::source-text airports ecuador |with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m| "7" );; line 32838 (wfb::source-text airports ecuador |with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m| "8" );; line 32840 (wfb::source-text airports ecuador |with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m| "15" );; line 32842 (wfb::source-text airports ecuador with_paved_runways_under_914_m "107" );; line 32844 (wfb::source-text airports ecuador |with unpaved runways 1,524 to 2,438 m| "5" );; line 32846 (wfb::source-text airports ecuador |with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m| "31" );; line 32848 (wfb::source-text telephone_system ecuador "318,000 telephones; 30 telephones/1,000 persons; domestic facilities generally inadequate and unreliable" );; line 32853 (wfb::source-text telephone_system ecuador local "NA" );; line 32856 (wfb::source-text telephone_system ecuador intercity "NA" );; line 32858 (wfb::source-text telephone_system ecuador international "1 INTELSAT (Atlantic Ocean) earth station" );; line 32860 (wfb::source-text radio ecuador broadcast_stations "AM 272, FM 0, shortwave 39" );; line 32865 (wfb::source-text radio ecuador radios "NA" );; line 32867 (wfb::source-text television ecuador broadcast_stations "33" );; line 32872 (wfb::source-text television ecuador televisions "NA" );; line 32874 (wfb::source-text defense_branch ecuador "Army (Ejercito Ecuatoriano), Navy (Armada Ecuatoriana, includes Marines), Air Force (Fuerza Aerea Ecuatoriana), National Police" );; line 32880 (wfb::source-text manpower_availability ecuador "males age 15-49 2,814,867; males fit for military service 1,903,979; males reach military age (20) annually 113,985 (1995 est.)" );; line 32885 (wfb::source-text defense_expenditures ecuador "$NA, NA% of GDP" );; line 32890 (wfb::source-text location egypt "Northern Africa, bordering the Mediterranean Sea, between Libya and the Gaza Strip" );; line 32900 (wfb::source-text map_references egypt "Africa" );; line 32905 (wfb::source-text area egypt total_area "1,001,450 sq km" );; line 32910 (wfb::source-text area egypt land_area "995,450 sq km" );; line 32912 (wfb::source-text area egypt comparative_area "slightly more than three times the size of New Mexico" );; line 32914 (wfb::source-text borders egypt "total 2,689 km, Gaza Strip 11 km, Israel 255 km, Libya 1,150 km, Sudan 1,273 km" );; line 32918 (wfb::source-text coastline egypt "2,450 km" );; line 32923 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims egypt contiguous_zone "24 nm" );; line 32928 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims egypt continental_shelf "200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation" );; line 32930 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims egypt exclusive_economic_zone "200 nm" );; line 32932 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims egypt territorial_sea "12 nm" );; line 32934 (wfb::source-text international_disputes egypt "administrative boundary with Sudan does not coincide with international boundary creating the \"Hala'ib Triangle,\" a barren area of 20,580 sq km, tensions over this disputed area began to escalate in 1992 and remain high" );; line 32938 (wfb::source-text climate egypt "desert; hot, dry summers with moderate winters" );; line 32945 (wfb::source-text terrain egypt "vast desert plateau interrupted by Nile valley and delta" );; line 32949 (wfb::source-text natural-resource egypt "petroleum, natural gas, iron ore, phosphates, manganese, limestone, gypsum, talc, asbestos, lead, zinc" );; line 32953 (wfb::source-text land_use egypt arable_land "3%" );; line 32959 (wfb::source-text land_use egypt permanent_crops "2%" );; line 32961 (wfb::source-text land_use egypt meadows_and_pastures "0%" );; line 32963 (wfb::source-text land_use egypt forest_and_woodland "0%" );; line 32965 (wfb::source-text land_use egypt other "95%" );; line 32967 (wfb::source-text irrigated_land egypt "25,850 sq km (1989 est.)" );; line 32971 (wfb::source-text environment egypt current_issues "agricultural land being lost to urbanization and windblown sands; increasing soil salinization below Aswan High Dam; desertification; oil pollution threatening coral reefs, beaches, and marine habitats; other water pollution from agricultural pesticides, raw sewage, and industrial effluents; very limited natural fresh water resources away from the Nile which is the only perennial water source; rapid growth in population overstraining natural resources" );; line 32976 (wfb::source-text environment egypt natural_hazards "periodic droughts; frequent earthquakes, flash floods, landslides, volcanic activity; hot, driving windstorm called khamsin occurs in spring; duststorms, sandstorms" );; line 32983 (wfb::source-text environment egypt international_agreements "party to - Biodiversity, Climate Change, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Wetlands; signed, but not ratified - Desertification, Tropical Timber 94" );; line 32987 (wfb::source-text note egypt "controls Sinai Peninsula, only land bridge between Africa and remainder of Eastern Hemisphere; controls Suez Canal, shortest sea link between Indian Ocean and Mediterranean Sea; size, and juxtaposition to Israel, establish its major role in Middle Eastern geopolitics" );; line 32994 (wfb::source-text population egypt "62,359,623 (July 1995 est.)" );; line 33003 (wfb::source-text age_structure egypt 0-14_years "37% (female 11,380,668; male 11,872,728)" );; line 33008 (wfb::source-text age_structure egypt 15-64_years "59% (female 18,250,706; male 18,641,830)" );; line 33010 (wfb::source-text age_structure egypt 65_years_and_over "4% (female 1,204,477; male 1,009,214) (July 1995 est.)" );; line 33012 (wfb::source-text population_growth_rate egypt "1.95% (1995 est.)" );; line 33016 (wfb::source-text birth_rate egypt "28.69 births/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 33020 (wfb::source-text death_rate egypt "8.86 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 33024 (wfb::source-text net_migration_rate egypt "-0.35 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 33028 (wfb::source-text infant_mortality_rate egypt "74.5 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.)" );; line 33032 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth egypt total_population "61.12 years" );; line 33037 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth egypt male "59.22 years" );; line 33039 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth egypt female "63.12 years (1995 est.)" );; line 33041 (wfb::source-text total_fertility_rate egypt "3.67 children born/woman (1995 est.)" );; line 33045 (wfb::source-text nationality egypt noun "Egyptian(s)" );; line 33050 (wfb::source-text nationality egypt adjective "Egyptian" );; line 33052 (wfb::source-text ethnic-entity egypt "Eastern Hamitic stock (Egyptians, Bedouins, and Berbers) 99%, Greek, Nubian, Armenian, other European (primarily Italian and French) 1%" );; line 33056 (wfb::source-text religion egypt "Muslim (mostly Sunni) 94% (official estimate), Coptic Christian and other 6% (official estimate)" );; line 33061 (wfb::source-text language egypt "Arabic (official), English and French widely understood by educated classes" );; line 33066 (wfb::source-text literacy egypt "age 15 and over can read and write (1990 est.)" );; line 33071 (wfb::source-text literacy egypt total_population "48%" );; line 33073 (wfb::source-text literacy egypt male "63%" );; line 33075 (wfb::source-text literacy egypt female "34%" );; line 33077 (wfb::source-text total_labor_force egypt "16 million (1994 est.)" );; line 33081 (wfb::source-text labor_force_by_occupation egypt by_occupation "government, public sector enterprises, and armed forces 36%, agriculture 34%, privately owned service and manufacturing enterprises 20% (1984)" );; line 33083 (wfb::source-text names egypt conventional_long_form "Arab Republic of Egypt" );; line 33093 (wfb::source-text names egypt conventional_short_form "Egypt" );; line 33095 (wfb::source-text names egypt local_long_form "Jumhuriyat Misr al-Arabiyah" );; line 33097 (wfb::source-text names egypt local_short_form "none" );; line 33099 (wfb::source-text names egypt former "United Arab Republic (with Syria)" );; line 33101 (wfb::source-text digraph egypt "EG" );; line 33105 (wfb::source-text type egypt "republic" );; line 33109 (wfb::source-text capital egypt "Cairo" );; line 33113 (wfb::source-text administrative_divisions egypt "26 governorates (muhafazat, singular - muhafazah); Ad Daqahliyah, Al Bahr al Ahmar, Al Buhayrah, Al Fayyum, Al Gharbiyah, Al Iskandariyah, Al Isma'iliyah, Al Jizah, Al Minufiyah, Al Minya, Al Qahirah, Al Qalyubiyah, Al Wadi al Jadid, Ash Sharqiyah, As Suways, Aswan, Asyu't, Bani Suwayf, Bur Sa'id, Dumyat, Janub Sina, Kafr ash Shaykh, Matruh, Qina, Shamal Sina, Suhaj" );; line 33117 (wfb::source-text independence egypt "28 February 1922 (from UK)" );; line 33126 (wfb::source-text national_holiday egypt "Anniversary of the Revolution, 23 July (1952)" );; line 33130 (wfb::source-text constitution egypt "11 September 1971" );; line 33134 (wfb::source-text legal_system egypt "based on English common law, Islamic law, and Napoleonic codes; judicial review by Supreme Court and Council of State (oversees validity of administrative decisions); accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations" );; line 33138 (wfb::source-text suffrage egypt "18 years of age; universal and compulsory" );; line 33144 (wfb::source-text executive_branch egypt chief_of_state "President Mohammed Hosni MUBARAK (sworn in as president on 14 October 1981, eight days after the assassination of President SADAT); national referendum held 4 October 1993 validated Mubarak's nomination by the People's Assembly to a third 6-year presidential term" );; line 33149 (wfb::source-text executive_branch egypt head_of_government "Prime Minister Atef Mohammed Najib SEDKY (since 12 November 1986)" );; line 33154 (wfb::source-text executive_branch egypt cabinet "Cabinet; appointed by the president" );; line 33157 (wfb::source-text legislative_structure egypt "bicameral" );; line 33161 (wfb::source-text legislative_branch egypt |People's Assembly (Majlis al-Cha'b)| "elections last held 29 November 1990 (next to be held NA November 1995); results - NDP 86.3%, NPUG 1.3%, independents 12.4%; seats - (454 total, 444 elected, 10 appointed by the president) NDP 383, NPUG 6, independents 55; note - most opposition parties boycotted; NDP figures include NDP members who ran as independents and other NDP-affiliated independents" );; line 33163 (wfb::source-text legislative_branch egypt |Advisory Council (Majlis al-Shura)| "functions only in a consultative role; elections last held 8 June 1989 (next to be held NA June 1995); results - NDP 100%; seats - (258 total, 172 elected, 86 appointed by the president) NDP 172" );; line 33169 (wfb::source-text judicial_branch egypt "Supreme Constitutional Court" );; line 33175 (wfb::source-text political_parties_and_leaders egypt "National Democratic Party (NDP), President Mohammed Hosni MUBARAK, leader, is the dominant party; legal opposition parties are; New Wafd Party (NWP), Fu'ad SIRAJ AL-DIN; Socialist Labor Party, Ibrahim SHUKRI; National Progressive Unionist Grouping (NPUG), Khalid MUHYI-AL-DIN; Socialist Liberal Party (SLP), Mustafa Kamal MURAD; Democratic Unionist Party, Mohammed 'Abd-al-Mun'im TURK; Umma Party, Ahmad al-SABAHI; Misr al-Fatah Party (Young Egypt Party), Gamal RABIE; Nasserist Arab Democratic Party, Dia' al-din DAWUD; Democratic Peoples' Party, Anwar AFIFI; The Greens Party, Kamal KIRAH; Social Justice Party, Muhammad 'ABD-AL-'AL" );; line 33179 (wfb::source-text other_political_or_pressure_groups egypt "despite a constitutional ban against religious-based parties, the technically illegal Muslim Brotherhood constitutes MUBARAK's potentially most significant political opposition; MUBARAK tolerated limited political activity by the Brotherhood for his first two terms, but has moved more aggressively in the past year to block its influence; trade unions and professional associations are officially sanctioned" );; line 33193 (wfb::source-text member_of egypt "ABEDA, ACC, AFESD, AL, AMF, CAEU, CCC, ESCWA, FAO, G-19, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, INMARSAT, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, ISO, ITU, NAM, OAPEC, OIC, OPEC, PCA, UN, UNAMIR, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNOMIL, UNPROFOR, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO" );; line 33202 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us egypt chief_of_mission "Ambassador Ahmed Maher El SAYED" );; line 33210 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us egypt chancery "3521 International Court NW, Washington, DC 20008" );; line 33212 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us egypt telephone "[1] (202) 895-5400" );; line 33214 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us egypt fax "[1] (202) 244-4319, 5131" );; line 33216 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us egypt |consulate(s) general| "Chicago, Houston, New York, and San Francisco" );; line 33218 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation egypt chief_of_mission "Ambassador Edward S. WALKER, Jr." );; line 33223 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation egypt embassy "(North Gate) 8, Kamel El-Din Salah Street, Garden City, Cairo" );; line 33225 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation egypt mailing_address "APO AE 09839-4900" );; line 33227 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation egypt telephone "[20] (2) 3557371" );; line 33229 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation egypt fax "[20] (2) 3573200" );; line 33231 (wfb::source-text flag egypt "three equal horizontal bands of red (top), white, and black with the national emblem (a shield superimposed on a golden eagle facing the hoist side above a scroll bearing the name of the country in Arabic) centered in the white band; similar to the flag of Yemen, which has a plain white band; also similar to the flag of Syria that has two green stars and to the flag of Iraq, which has three green stars (plus an Arabic inscription) in a horizontal line centered in the white band" );; line 33235 (wfb::source-text overview egypt "Half of Egypt's GDP originates in the public sector, most industrial plants being owned by the government. Overregulation holds back technical modernization and foreign investment. Even so, the economy grew rapidly during the late 1970s and early 1980s, but in 1986 the collapse of world oil prices and an increasingly heavy burden of debt servicing led Egypt to begin negotiations with the IMF for balance-of-payments support. Egypt's first IMF standby arrangement concluded in mid-1987 was suspended in early 1988 because of the government's failure to adopt promised reforms. Egypt signed a follow-on program with the IMF and also negotiated a structural adjustment loan with the World Bank in 1991. In 1991-93 the government made solid progress on administrative reforms such as liberalizing exchange and interest rates but resisted implementing major structural reforms like streamlining the public sector. As a result, the economy has not gained momentum and unemployment has become a growing problem. Egypt probably will continue making uneven progress in implementing the successor programs with the IMF and World Bank it signed onto in late 1993. Tourism has plunged since 1992 because of sporadic attacks by Islamic extremists on tourist groups. President MUBARAK has cited population growth as the main cause of the country's economic troubles. The addition of about 1.2 million people a year to the already huge population of 62 million exerts enormous pressure on the 5% of the land area available for agriculture along the Nile." );; line 33246 (wfb::source-text national_product egypt "GDP - purchasing power parity - $151.5 billion (1994 est.)" );; line 33270 (wfb::source-text national_product_real_growth_rate egypt "1.5% (1994 est.)" );; line 33274 (wfb::source-text national_product_per_capita egypt "$2,490 (1994 est.)" );; line 33278 (wfb::source-text |Inflation rate (consumer prices)| egypt "8% (1994 est.)" );; line 33282 (wfb::source-text unemployment_rate egypt "20% (1994 est.)" );; line 33286 (wfb::source-text budget egypt revenues "$18 billion" );; line 33291 (wfb::source-text budget egypt expenditures "$19.4 billion, including capital expenditures of $3.8 billion (FY94/95 est.)" );; line 33293 (wfb::source-text exports egypt "$3.1 billion (f.o.b., FY93/94 est.)" );; line 33298 (wfb::source-text exports egypt commodities "crude oil and petroleum products, cotton yarn, raw cotton, textiles, metal products, chemicals" );; line 33300 (wfb::source-text exports egypt partners "EU, US, Japan" );; line 33303 (wfb::source-text imports egypt "$11.2 billion (c.i.f., FY93/94 est.)" );; line 33307 (wfb::source-text imports egypt commodities "machinery and equipment, foods, fertilizers, wood products, durable consumer goods, capital goods" );; line 33309 (wfb::source-text imports egypt partners "EU, US, Japan" );; line 33312 (wfb::source-text external_debt egypt "$31.2 billion (December 1994 est.)" );; line 33316 (wfb::source-text industrial_production egypt "growth rate 2.7% (FY92/93 est.)" );; line 33320 (wfb::source-text electricity egypt capacity "11,830,000 kW" );; line 33325 (wfb::source-text electricity egypt production "44.5 billion kWh" );; line 33327 (wfb::source-text electricity egypt consumption_per_capita "695 kWh (1993)" );; line 33329 (wfb::source-text industry egypt "textiles, food processing, tourism, chemicals, petroleum, construction, cement, metals" );; line 33333 (wfb::source-text agriculture egypt "cotton, rice, corn, wheat, beans, fruit, vegetables; cattle, water buffalo, sheep, goats; annual fish catch about 140,000 metric tons" );; line 33338 (wfb::source-text illicit_drugs egypt "a transit point for Southwest Asian and Southeast Asian heroin and opium moving to Europe and the US; popular transit stop for Nigerian couriers; large domestic consumption of hashish from Lebanon and Syria" );; line 33343 (wfb::source-text economic_aid egypt recipient "US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-89), $15.7 billion; Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-88), $10.1 billion; OPEC bilateral aid (1979-89), $2.9 billion; Communist countries (1970-89), $2.4 billion" );; line 33350 (wfb::source-text currency egypt "1 Egyptian pound (#E) = 100 piasters" );; line 33357 (wfb::source-text exchange_rates egypt "Egyptian pounds (#E) per US$1 - 3.4 (November 1994), 3.369 (November 1993), 3.345 (November 1992), 2.7072 (1990); market rate: 3.3920 (January 1995), 3.3920 (1994), 3.3704 (1993), 3.3300 (1992), 2.0000 (1991), 1.1000 (1990)" );; line 33361 (wfb::source-text fiscal_year egypt "1 July - 30 June" );; line 33368 (wfb::source-text railroads egypt total "4,895 km (42 km electrified; 951 km double track)" );; line 33374 (wfb::source-text railroads egypt standard_gauge "4,548 km 1,435-m gauge (42 km electrified; 951 km double track)" );; line 33376 (wfb::source-text railroads egypt narrow_gauge "347 km 0.750-m gauge" );; line 33378 (wfb::source-text highways egypt total "47,387 km" );; line 33383 (wfb::source-text highways egypt paved "34,593 km" );; line 33385 (wfb::source-text highways egypt unpaved "12,794 km" );; line 33387 (wfb::source-text inland_waterways egypt "3,500 km (including the Nile, Lake Nasser, Alexandria-Cairo Waterway, and numerous smaller canals in the delta); Suez Canal, 193.5 km long (including approaches), used by oceangoing vessels drawing up to 16.1 meters of water" );; line 33391 (wfb::source-text pipelines egypt "crude oil 1,171 km; petroleum products 596 km; natural gas 460 km" );; line 33398 (wfb::source-text port egypt "Alexandria, Al Ghurdaqah, Aswan, Asyut, Bur Safajah, Damietta, Marsa Matruh, Port Said, Suez" );; line 33403 (wfb::source-text merchant_marine egypt total "168 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 1,187,442 GRT/1,821,327 DWT" );; line 33409 (wfb::source-text merchant_marine egypt ships_by_type "bulk 19, cargo 83, container 2, oil tanker 15, passenger 30, refrigerated cargo 1, roll-on/roll-off cargo 14, short-sea passenger 4" );; line 33412 (wfb::source-text airports egypt total "91" );; line 33418 (wfb::source-text airports egypt |with paved runways over 3,047 m| "11" );; line 33420 (wfb::source-text airports egypt |with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m| "35" );; line 33422 (wfb::source-text airports egypt |with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m| "17" );; line 33424 (wfb::source-text airports egypt |with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m| "3" );; line 33426 (wfb::source-text airports egypt with_paved_runways_under_914_m "14" );; line 33428 (wfb::source-text airports egypt |with unpaved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m| "2" );; line 33430 (wfb::source-text airports egypt |with unpaved runways 1,524 to 2,438 m| "2" );; line 33432 (wfb::source-text airports egypt |with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m| "7" );; line 33434 (wfb::source-text telephone_system egypt "600,000 telephones; 11 telephones/1,000 persons; large system by Third World standards but inadequate for present requirements and undergoing extensive upgrading" );; line 33439 (wfb::source-text telephone_system egypt local "NA" );; line 33443 (wfb::source-text telephone_system egypt intercity "principal centers at Alexandria, Cairo, Al Mansurah, Ismailia Suez, and Tanta are connected by coaxial cable and microwave radio relay" );; line 33445 (wfb::source-text telephone_system egypt international "2 INTELSAT (Atlantic Ocean and Indian Ocean), 1 ARABSAT, and 1 INMARSAT earth station; 5 coaxial submarine cables, microwave troposcatter (to Sudan), and microwave radio relay (to Libya, Israel, and Jordan)" );; line 33448 (wfb::source-text radio egypt broadcast_stations "AM 39, FM 6, shortwave 0" );; line 33455 (wfb::source-text radio egypt radios "NA" );; line 33457 (wfb::source-text television egypt broadcast_stations "41" );; line 33462 (wfb::source-text television egypt televisions "NA" );; line 33464 (wfb::source-text defense_branch egypt "Army, Navy, Air Force, Air Defense Command" );; line 33470 (wfb::source-text manpower_availability egypt "males age 15-49 16,113,413; males fit for military service 10,455,955; males reach military age (20) annually 648,724 (1995 est.)" );; line 33474 (wfb::source-text defense_expenditures egypt "exchange rate conversion - $3.5 billion, 8.2% of total government budget (FY94/95)" );; line 33479 (wfb::source-text location el_salvador "Middle America, bordering the North Pacific Ocean, between Guatemala and Honduras" );; line 33490 (wfb::source-text map_references el_salvador "Central America and the Caribbean" );; line 33495 (wfb::source-text area el_salvador total_area "21,040 sq km" );; line 33500 (wfb::source-text area el_salvador land_area "20,720 sq km" );; line 33502 (wfb::source-text area el_salvador comparative_area "slightly smaller than Massachusetts" );; line 33504 (wfb::source-text borders el_salvador "total 545 km, Guatemala 203 km, Honduras 342 km" );; line 33508 (wfb::source-text coastline el_salvador "307 km" );; line 33512 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims el_salvador territorial_sea "200 nm" );; line 33517 (wfb::source-text international_disputes el_salvador "land boundary dispute with Honduras mostly resolved by 11 September 1992 International Court of Justice (ICJ) decision; with respect to the maritime boundary in the Golfo de Fonseca, ICJ referred to an earlier agreement in this century and advised that some tripartite resolution among El Salvador, Honduras and Nicaragua likely would be required" );; line 33521 (wfb::source-text climate el_salvador "tropical; rainy season (May to October); dry season (November to April)" );; line 33529 (wfb::source-text terrain el_salvador "mostly mountains with narrow coastal belt and central plateau" );; line 33534 (wfb::source-text natural-resource el_salvador "hydropower, geothermal power, petroleum" );; line 33538 (wfb::source-text land_use el_salvador arable_land "27%" );; line 33543 (wfb::source-text land_use el_salvador permanent_crops "8%" );; line 33545 (wfb::source-text land_use el_salvador meadows_and_pastures "29%" );; line 33547 (wfb::source-text land_use el_salvador forest_and_woodland "6%" );; line 33549 (wfb::source-text land_use el_salvador other "30%" );; line 33551 (wfb::source-text irrigated_land el_salvador "1,200 sq km (1989)" );; line 33555 (wfb::source-text environment el_salvador current_issues "deforestation; soil erosion; water pollution; contamination of soils from disposal of toxic wastes" );; line 33560 (wfb::source-text environment el_salvador natural_hazards "known as the Land of Volcanoes; frequent and sometimes very destructive earthquakes and volcanic activity" );; line 33563 (wfb::source-text environment el_salvador international_agreements "party to - Biodiversity, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection; signed, but not ratified - Climate Change, Law of the Sea" );; line 33566 (wfb::source-text note el_salvador "smallest Central American country and only one without a coastline on Caribbean Sea" );; line 33572 (wfb::source-text population el_salvador "5,870,481 (July 1995 est.)" );; line 33579 (wfb::source-text age_structure el_salvador 0-14_years "40% (female 1,165,152; male 1,200,759)" );; line 33584 (wfb::source-text age_structure el_salvador 15-64_years "56% (female 1,677,958; male 1,602,230)" );; line 33586 (wfb::source-text age_structure el_salvador 65_years_and_over "4% (female 122,368; male 102,014) (July 1995 est.)" );; line 33588 (wfb::source-text population_growth_rate el_salvador "2.02% (1995 est.)" );; line 33592 (wfb::source-text birth_rate el_salvador "32.39 births/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 33596 (wfb::source-text death_rate el_salvador "6.19 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 33600 (wfb::source-text net_migration_rate el_salvador "-5.96 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 33604 (wfb::source-text infant_mortality_rate el_salvador "38.9 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.)" );; line 33608 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth el_salvador total_population "67.5 years" );; line 33613 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth el_salvador male "64.89 years" );; line 33615 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth el_salvador female "70.23 years (1995 est.)" );; line 33617 (wfb::source-text total_fertility_rate el_salvador "3.69 children born/woman (1995 est.)" );; line 33621 (wfb::source-text nationality el_salvador noun "Salvadoran(s)" );; line 33626 (wfb::source-text nationality el_salvador adjective "Salvadoran" );; line 33628 (wfb::source-text ethnic-entity el_salvador "mestizo 94%, Indian 5%, white 1%" );; line 33632 (wfb::source-text religion el_salvador "Roman Catholic 75%" );; line 33636 (wfb::source-text language el_salvador "Spanish, Nahua (among some Indians)" );; line 33644 (wfb::source-text literacy el_salvador "age 15 and over can read and write (1990 est.)" );; line 33648 (wfb::source-text literacy el_salvador total_population "73%" );; line 33650 (wfb::source-text literacy el_salvador male "76%" );; line 33652 (wfb::source-text literacy el_salvador female "70%" );; line 33654 (wfb::source-text total_labor_force el_salvador "1.7 million (1982 est.)" );; line 33658 (wfb::source-text labor_force_by_occupation el_salvador by_occupation "agriculture 40%, commerce 16%, manufacturing 15%, government 13%, financial services 9%, transportation 6%, other 1%" );; line 33660 (wfb::source-text names el_salvador conventional_long_form "Republic of El Salvador" );; line 33670 (wfb::source-text names el_salvador conventional_short_form "El Salvador" );; line 33672 (wfb::source-text names el_salvador local_long_form "Republica de El Salvador" );; line 33674 (wfb::source-text names el_salvador local_short_form "El Salvador" );; line 33676 (wfb::source-text digraph el_salvador "ES" );; line 33680 (wfb::source-text type el_salvador "republic" );; line 33684 (wfb::source-text capital el_salvador "San Salvador" );; line 33688 (wfb::source-text administrative_divisions el_salvador "14 departments (departamentos, singular - departamento); Ahuachapan, Cabanas, Chalatenango, Cuscatlan, La Libertad, La Paz, La Union, Morazan, San Miguel, San Salvador, Santa Ana, San Vicente, Sonsonate, Usulutan" );; line 33692 (wfb::source-text independence el_salvador "15 September 1821 (from Spain)" );; line 33698 (wfb::source-text national_holiday el_salvador "Independence Day, 15 September (1821)" );; line 33702 (wfb::source-text constitution el_salvador "20 December 1983" );; line 33706 (wfb::source-text legal_system el_salvador "based on civil and Roman law, with traces of common law; judicial review of legislative acts in the Supreme Court; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations" );; line 33710 (wfb::source-text suffrage el_salvador "18 years of age; universal" );; line 33716 (wfb::source-text executive_branch el_salvador chief_of_state_and_head_of_government "President Armando CALDERON SOL (since 1 June 1994); Vice President Enrique BORGO Bustamante (since 1 June 1994) election last held 20 March 1994 (next to be held March 1999); results - Armando CALDERON SOL (ARENA) 49.03%, Ruben ZAMORA Rivas (CD/FMLN/MNR) 24.09%, Fidel CHAVEZ Mena (PDC) 16.39%, other 10.49%; because no candidate received a majority, a run-off election was held 24 April 1994; results - Armando CALDERON SOL (ARENA) 68.35%, Ruben ZAMORA Rivas (CD/FMLN/MNR) 31.65%" );; line 33721 (wfb::source-text executive_branch el_salvador cabinet "Council of Ministers" );; line 33729 (wfb::source-text legislative_structure el_salvador "unicameral" );; line 33733 (wfb::source-text legislative_branch el_salvador |Legislative Assembly (Asamblea Legislativa)| "elections last held 20 March 1994 (next to be held March 1997); results - ARENA 46.4%, FMLN 25.0%, PDC 21.4%, PCN 4.8%, other 2.4%; seats - (84 total) ARENA 39, FMLN 21, PDC 18, PCN 4, other 2" );; line 33735 (wfb::source-text judicial_branch el_salvador "Supreme Court (Corte Suprema)" );; line 33741 (wfb::source-text political_parties_and_leaders el_salvador "National Republican Alliance (ARENA), Juan Jose DOMENECH, president; Farabundo Marti National Liberation Front (FMLN), Salvador SANCHEZ Ceren (aka Leonel GONZALEZ), general coordinator; Christian Democratic Party (PDC), Ronal UMANA, secretary general; National Conciliation Party (PCN), Ciro CRUZ Zepeda, secretary general; Democratic Convergence (CD), Juan Jose MARTEL, secretary general; Unity Movement, Jorge MARTINEZ Menendez, president" );; line 33745 (wfb::source-text other_political_or_pressure_groups el_salvador labor_organizations "Salvadoran Communal Union (UCS), peasant association; General Confederation of Workers (CGT), moderate; United Workers Front (FUT)" );; line 33761 (wfb::source-text other_political_or_pressure_groups el_salvador business_organizations "Productive Alliance (AP), conservative; National Federation of Salvadoran Small Businessmen (FENAPES), conservative" );; line 33764 (wfb::source-text member_of el_salvador "BCIE, CACM, ECLAC, FAO, G-77, GATT, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, IOM, ITU, LAES, LAIA (observer), NAM (observer), OAS, OPANAL, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO" );; line 33769 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us el_salvador chief_of_mission "Ambassador Ana Cristina SOL" );; line 33777 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us el_salvador chancery "2308 California Street NW, Washington, DC 20008" );; line 33779 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us el_salvador telephone "[1] (202) 265-9671, 9672" );; line 33781 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us el_salvador |consulate(s) general| "Chicago, Dallas, Houston, Los Angeles, Miami, New Orleans, New York, and San Francisco" );; line 33783 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation el_salvador chief_of_mission "Ambassador Alan H. FLANIGAN" );; line 33789 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation el_salvador embassy "Final Boulevard, Station Antiguo Cuscatlan, San Salvador" );; line 33791 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation el_salvador mailing_address "Unit 3116, San Salvador; APO AA 34023" );; line 33793 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation el_salvador telephone "[503] 78-4444" );; line 33795 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation el_salvador fax "[503] 78-6011" );; line 33797 (wfb::source-text flag el_salvador "three equal horizontal bands of blue (top), white, and blue with the national coat of arms centered in the white band; the coat of arms features a round emblem encircled by the words REPUBLICA DE EL SALVADOR EN LA AMERICA CENTRAL; similar to the flag of Nicaragua, which has a different coat of arms centered in the white band - it features a triangle encircled by the words REPUBLICA DE NICARAGUA on top and AMERICA CENTRAL on the bottom; also similar to the flag of Honduras, which has five blue stars arranged in an X pattern centered in the white band" );; line 33801 (wfb::source-text overview el_salvador "The agricultural sector accounts for 24% of GDP, employs about 40% of the labor force, and contributes about 66% to total exports. Coffee is the major commercial crop, accounting for 45% of export earnings. The manufacturing sector, based largely on food and beverage processing, accounts for 19% of GDP and 15% of employment. In 1992-94 the government made substantial progress toward privatization and deregulation of the economy. Growth in national output in 1991-94 nearly averaged 5%, exceeding growth in population for the first time since 1987; and inflation in 1994 of 10% was down from 19% in 1993." );; line 33813 (wfb::source-text national_product el_salvador "GDP - purchasing power parity - $9.8 billion (1994 est.)" );; line 33825 (wfb::source-text national_product_real_growth_rate el_salvador "5% (1994 est.)" );; line 33829 (wfb::source-text national_product_per_capita el_salvador "$1,710 (1994 est.)" );; line 33833 (wfb::source-text |Inflation rate (consumer prices)| el_salvador "10% (1994 est.)" );; line 33837 (wfb::source-text unemployment_rate el_salvador "6.7% (1993)" );; line 33841 (wfb::source-text budget el_salvador revenues "$846 million" );; line 33846 (wfb::source-text budget el_salvador expenditures "$890 million, including capital expenditures of $NA (1992 est.)" );; line 33848 (wfb::source-text exports el_salvador "$823 million (f.o.b., 1994 est.)" );; line 33852 (wfb::source-text exports el_salvador commodities "coffee, sugarcane, shrimp" );; line 33854 (wfb::source-text exports el_salvador partners "US, Guatemala, Costa Rica, Germany" );; line 33856 (wfb::source-text imports el_salvador "$2.1 billion (c.i.f., 1994 est.)" );; line 33860 (wfb::source-text imports el_salvador commodities "raw materials, consumer goods, capital goods" );; line 33862 (wfb::source-text imports el_salvador partners "US, Guatemala, Mexico, Venezuela, Germany" );; line 33864 (wfb::source-text external_debt el_salvador "$2.6 billion (December 1992)" );; line 33868 (wfb::source-text industrial_production el_salvador "growth rate 7.6% (1993)" );; line 33872 (wfb::source-text electricity el_salvador capacity "750,000 kW" );; line 33877 (wfb::source-text electricity el_salvador production "2.4 billion kWh" );; line 33879 (wfb::source-text electricity el_salvador consumption_per_capita "408 kWh (1993)" );; line 33881 (wfb::source-text industry el_salvador "food processing, beverages, petroleum, nonmetallic products, tobacco, chemicals, textiles, furniture" );; line 33885 (wfb::source-text agriculture el_salvador "accounts for 24% of GDP and 40% of labor force (including fishing and forestry); coffee most important commercial crop; other products - sugarcane, corn, rice, beans, oilseeds, beef, dairy products, shrimp; not self-sufficient in food" );; line 33890 (wfb::source-text illicit_drugs el_salvador "transshipment point for cocaine; marijuana produced for local consumption" );; line 33897 (wfb::source-text economic_aid el_salvador recipient "US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-90), $2.95 billion (plus $250 million for 1992-96); Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-89), $525 million" );; line 33903 (wfb::source-text currency el_salvador "1 Salvadoran colon (C) = 100 centavos" );; line 33909 (wfb::source-text exchange_rates el_salvador "Salvadoran colones (C) per US$1 - 8.760 (January 1995), 8.750 (1994), 8.670 (1993), 8.4500 (1992), 8.080 (1991), 8.0300 (1990)" );; line 33913 (wfb::source-text fiscal_year el_salvador "calendar year" );; line 33918 (wfb::source-text railroads el_salvador total "602 km (single track; note - some sections abandoned, unusable, or operating at reduced capacity)" );; line 33924 (wfb::source-text railroads el_salvador narrow_gauge "602 km 0.914-m gauge" );; line 33927 (wfb::source-text highways el_salvador total "10,000 km" );; line 33932 (wfb::source-text highways el_salvador paved "1,500 km" );; line 33934 (wfb::source-text highways el_salvador unpaved "gravel 4,100 km; improved, unimproved earth 4,400 km" );; line 33936 (wfb::source-text inland_waterways el_salvador "Rio Lempa partially navigable" );; line 33940 (wfb::source-text port el_salvador "Acajutla, Puerto Cutuco, La Libertad, La Union, Puerto El Triunfo" );; line 33944 (wfb::source-text merchant_marine el_salvador "none" );; line 33948 (wfb::source-text airports el_salvador total "106" );; line 33953 (wfb::source-text airports el_salvador |with paved runways over 3,047 m| "1" );; line 33955 (wfb::source-text airports el_salvador |with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m| "2" );; line 33957 (wfb::source-text airports el_salvador |with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m| "2" );; line 33959 (wfb::source-text airports el_salvador with_paved_runways_under_914_m "78" );; line 33961 (wfb::source-text airports el_salvador |with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m| "23" );; line 33963 (wfb::source-text telephone_system el_salvador "116,000 telephones; 21 telephones/1,000 persons" );; line 33968 (wfb::source-text telephone_system el_salvador local "NA" );; line 33970 (wfb::source-text telephone_system el_salvador intercity "nationwide microwave radio relay system" );; line 33972 (wfb::source-text telephone_system el_salvador international "1 INTELSAT (Atlantic Ocean) earth station; connected to Central American Microwave System" );; line 33974 (wfb::source-text radio el_salvador broadcast_stations "AM 77, FM 0, shortwave 2" );; line 33980 (wfb::source-text radio el_salvador radios "NA" );; line 33982 (wfb::source-text television el_salvador broadcast_stations "5" );; line 33987 (wfb::source-text television el_salvador televisions "NA" );; line 33989 (wfb::source-text defense_branch el_salvador "Army, Navy, Air Force" );; line 33995 (wfb::source-text manpower_availability el_salvador "males age 15-49 1,393,480; males fit for military service 892,958; males reach military age (18) annually 77,562 (1995 est.)" );; line 33999 (wfb::source-text defense_expenditures el_salvador "exchange rate conversion - $103 million, 0.7% of GDP (1994); $91.9 million, less than 1% of GDP (1995 est.)" );; line 34004 (wfb::source-text location equatorial_guinea "Western Africa, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean, between Cameroon and Gabon" );; line 34015 (wfb::source-text map_references equatorial_guinea "Africa" );; line 34020 (wfb::source-text area equatorial_guinea total_area "28,050 sq km" );; line 34025 (wfb::source-text area equatorial_guinea land_area "28,050 sq km" );; line 34027 (wfb::source-text area equatorial_guinea comparative_area "slightly larger than Maryland" );; line 34029 (wfb::source-text borders equatorial_guinea "total 539 km, Cameroon 189 km, Gabon 350 km" );; line 34033 (wfb::source-text coastline equatorial_guinea "296 km" );; line 34037 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims equatorial_guinea exclusive_economic_zone "200 nm" );; line 34042 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims equatorial_guinea territorial_sea "12 nm" );; line 34044 (wfb::source-text international_disputes equatorial_guinea "maritime boundary dispute with Gabon because of disputed sovereignty over islands in Corisco Bay" );; line 34048 (wfb::source-text climate equatorial_guinea "tropical; always hot, humid" );; line 34053 (wfb::source-text terrain equatorial_guinea "coastal plains rise to interior hills; islands are volcanic" );; line 34057 (wfb::source-text natural-resource equatorial_guinea "timber, petroleum, small unexploited deposits of gold, manganese, uranium" );; line 34061 (wfb::source-text land_use equatorial_guinea arable_land "8%" );; line 34067 (wfb::source-text land_use equatorial_guinea permanent_crops "4%" );; line 34069 (wfb::source-text land_use equatorial_guinea meadows_and_pastures "4%" );; line 34071 (wfb::source-text land_use equatorial_guinea forest_and_woodland "51%" );; line 34073 (wfb::source-text land_use equatorial_guinea other "33%" );; line 34075 (wfb::source-text irrigated_land equatorial_guinea "NA sq km" );; line 34079 (wfb::source-text environment equatorial_guinea current_issues "tap water is not potable; desertification" );; line 34084 (wfb::source-text environment equatorial_guinea natural_hazards "violent windstorms" );; line 34086 (wfb::source-text environment equatorial_guinea international_agreements "party to - Biodiversity, Endangered Species, Nuclear Test Ban; signed, but not ratified - Desertification, Law of the Sea" );; line 34088 (wfb::source-text note equatorial_guinea "insular and continental regions rather widely separated" );; line 34093 (wfb::source-text population equatorial_guinea "420,293 (July 1995 est.)" );; line 34099 (wfb::source-text age_structure equatorial_guinea 0-14_years "43% (female 90,404; male 90,997)" );; line 34104 (wfb::source-text age_structure equatorial_guinea 15-64_years "53% (female 117,124; male 105,724)" );; line 34106 (wfb::source-text age_structure equatorial_guinea 65_years_and_over "4% (female 8,969; male 7,075) (July 1995 est.)" );; line 34108 (wfb::source-text population_growth_rate equatorial_guinea "2.59% (1995 est.)" );; line 34112 (wfb::source-text birth_rate equatorial_guinea "40.22 births/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 34116 (wfb::source-text death_rate equatorial_guinea "14.36 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 34120 (wfb::source-text net_migration_rate equatorial_guinea "0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 34124 (wfb::source-text infant_mortality_rate equatorial_guinea "100.2 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.)" );; line 34128 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth equatorial_guinea total_population "52.56 years" );; line 34133 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth equatorial_guinea male "50.39 years" );; line 34135 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth equatorial_guinea female "54.79 years (1995 est.)" );; line 34137 (wfb::source-text total_fertility_rate equatorial_guinea "5.23 children born/woman (1995 est.)" );; line 34141 (wfb::source-text nationality equatorial_guinea noun "Equatorial Guinean(s) or Equatoguinean(s)" );; line 34146 (wfb::source-text nationality equatorial_guinea adjective "Equatorial Guinean or Equatoguinean" );; line 34148 (wfb::source-text ethnic-entity equatorial_guinea "Bioko (primarily Bubi, some Fernandinos), Rio Muni (primarily Fang), Europeans less than 1,000, mostly Spanish" );; line 34152 (wfb::source-text religion equatorial_guinea "nominally Christian and predominantly Roman Catholic, pagan practices" );; line 34157 (wfb::source-text language equatorial_guinea "Spanish (official), pidgin English, Fang, Bubi, Ibo" );; line 34162 (wfb::source-text literacy equatorial_guinea "age 15 and over can read and write (1983)" );; line 34166 (wfb::source-text literacy equatorial_guinea total_population "62%" );; line 34168 (wfb::source-text literacy equatorial_guinea male "77%" );; line 34170 (wfb::source-text literacy equatorial_guinea female "48%" );; line 34172 (wfb::source-text total_labor_force equatorial_guinea "172,000 (1986 est.)" );; line 34176 (wfb::source-text labor_force_by_occupation equatorial_guinea by_occupation "agriculture 66%, services 23%, industry 11% (1980)" );; line 34178 (wfb::source-text names equatorial_guinea conventional_long_form "Republic of Equatorial Guinea" );; line 34186 (wfb::source-text names equatorial_guinea conventional_short_form "Equatorial Guinea" );; line 34188 (wfb::source-text names equatorial_guinea local_long_form "Republica de Guinea Ecuatorial" );; line 34190 (wfb::source-text names equatorial_guinea local_short_form "Guinea Ecuatorial" );; line 34192 (wfb::source-text names equatorial_guinea former "Spanish Guinea" );; line 34194 (wfb::source-text digraph equatorial_guinea "EK" );; line 34198 (wfb::source-text type equatorial_guinea "republic in transition to multiparty democracy" );; line 34202 (wfb::source-text capital equatorial_guinea "Malabo" );; line 34206 (wfb::source-text administrative_divisions equatorial_guinea "7 provinces (provincias, singular - provincia); Annobon, Bioko Norte, Bioko Sur, Centro Sur, Kie-Ntem, Litoral, Wele-Nzas" );; line 34210 (wfb::source-text independence equatorial_guinea "12 October 1968 (from Spain)" );; line 34215 (wfb::source-text national_holiday equatorial_guinea "Independence Day, 12 October (1968)" );; line 34219 (wfb::source-text constitution equatorial_guinea "new constitution 17 November 1991" );; line 34223 (wfb::source-text legal_system equatorial_guinea "partly based on Spanish civil law and tribal custom" );; line 34227 (wfb::source-text suffrage equatorial_guinea "universal adult at age NA" );; line 34231 (wfb::source-text executive_branch equatorial_guinea chief_of_state "President Brig. Gen. (Ret.) Teodoro OBIANG NGUEMA MBASOGO (since 3 August 1979); election last held 25 June 1989 (next to be held 25 June 1996); results - President Brig. Gen. (Ret.) Teodoro OBIANG NGUEMA MBASOGO was reelected without opposition" );; line 34236 (wfb::source-text executive_branch equatorial_guinea head_of_government "Prime Minister Silvestre SIALE BILEKA (since 17 January 1992); Vice Prime Minister Anatolio NDONG MBA (since November 1993)" );; line 34241 (wfb::source-text executive_branch equatorial_guinea cabinet "Council of Ministers; appointed by the president" );; line 34244 (wfb::source-text legislative_structure equatorial_guinea "unicameral" );; line 34248 (wfb::source-text legislative_branch equatorial_guinea |House of People's Representatives| "(Camara de Representantes del Pueblo) elections last held 21 November 1993; seats - (82 total) PDGE 72, various opposition parties 10" );; line 34250 (wfb::source-text judicial_branch equatorial_guinea "Supreme Tribunal" );; line 34255 (wfb::source-text political_parties_and_leaders equatorial_guinea ruling_party "Democratic Party for Equatorial Guinea (PDGE), Brig. Gen. (Ret.) Teodoro OBIANG NGUEMA MBASOGO, party leader" );; line 34260 (wfb::source-text political_parties_and_leaders equatorial_guinea opposition_parties "Progressive Democratic Alliance (ADP), Antonio-Ebang Mbele Abang, president; Popular Action of Equatorial Guinea (APGE),Casiano Masi Edu, leader; Liberal Democratic Convention (CLD), Alfonso Nsue MOKUY, president; Convergence for Social Democracy (CPDS),Santiago Obama Ndong, president; Social Democratic and Popular Convergence (CSDP), Secundino Oyono Agueng Ada, general secretary; Party of the Social Democratic Coalition (PCSD), Buenaventura Moswi M'Asumu, general coordinater; Liberal Party (PL), leaders unknown; Party of Progress (PP), Severo MOTO Nsa, president; Social Democratic Party (PSD), Benjamin-Gabriel Balingha Balinga Alene, general secretary; Socialist Party of Equatorial Guinea (PSGE), Tomas MICHEBE Fernandez, general secretary; National Democratic Union (UDENA), Jose MECHEBA Ikaka, president; Democratic Social Union (UDS), Jesus Nze Obama Avomo, general secretary; Popular Union (UP), Juan Bitui, president" );; line 34263 (wfb::source-text member_of equatorial_guinea "ACCT, ACP, AfDB, BDEAC, CEEAC, ECA, FAO, FZ, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS (associate), ILO, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT (nonsignatory user), INTERPOL, IOC, ITU, NAM, OAS (observer), OAU, UDEAC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WHO" );; line 34279 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us equatorial_guinea chief_of_mission "(vacant); Charge d'Affaires ad interim Teodoro Biyogo NSUE" );; line 34287 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us equatorial_guinea chancery "(temporary) 57 Magnolia Avenue, Mount Vernon, NY 10553" );; line 34289 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us equatorial_guinea telephone "[1] (914) 738-9584, 667-6913" );; line 34291 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us equatorial_guinea fax "[1] (914) 667-6838" );; line 34293 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation equatorial_guinea chief_of_mission "Charge d'Affaires Joseph P. O'NEILL" );; line 34298 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation equatorial_guinea embassy "Calle de Los Ministros, Malabo" );; line 34300 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation equatorial_guinea mailing_address "P.O. Box 597, Malabo" );; line 34302 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation equatorial_guinea telephone "[240] (9) 21-85, 24-06, 25-07" );; line 34304 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation equatorial_guinea fax "[240] (9) 21-64" );; line 34306 (wfb::source-text flag equatorial_guinea "three equal horizontal bands of green (top), white, and red with a blue isosceles triangle based on the hoist side and the coat of arms centered in the white band; the coat of arms has six yellow six-pointed stars (representing the mainland and five offshore islands) above a gray shield bearing a silk-cotton tree and below which is a scroll with the motto UNIDAD, PAZ, JUSTICIA (Unity, Peace, Justice)" );; line 34310 (wfb::source-text overview equatorial_guinea "Agriculture, forestry, and fishing account for about half of GDP and nearly all exports. Subsistence farming predominates. Although pre-independence Equatorial Guinea counted on cocoa production for hard currency earnings, the deterioration of the rural economy under successive brutal regimes has diminished potential for agriculture-led growth. A number of aid programs sponsored by the World Bank and the international donor community have failed to revitalize export agriculture. Businesses for the most part are owned by government officials and their family members. Commerce accounts for about 8% of GDP and the construction, public works, and service sectors for about 38%. Undeveloped natural resources include titanium, iron ore, manganese, uranium, and alluvial gold. Oil exploration, taking place under concessions offered to US, French, and Spanish firms, has been moderately successful. Increased production from recently discovered natural gas fields will provide a greater share of exports in 1995." );; line 34320 (wfb::source-text national_product equatorial_guinea "GDP - purchasing power parity - $280 million (1993 est.)" );; line 34337 (wfb::source-text national_product_real_growth_rate equatorial_guinea "7.3% (1993 est.)" );; line 34341 (wfb::source-text national_product_per_capita equatorial_guinea "$700 (1993 est.)" );; line 34345 (wfb::source-text |Inflation rate (consumer prices)| equatorial_guinea "1.6% (1992 est.)" );; line 34349 (wfb::source-text unemployment_rate equatorial_guinea "NA%" );; line 34353 (wfb::source-text budget equatorial_guinea revenues "$32.5 million" );; line 34358 (wfb::source-text budget equatorial_guinea expenditures "$35.9 million, including capital expenditures of $3 million (1992 est.)" );; line 34360 (wfb::source-text exports equatorial_guinea "$56 million (f.o.b., 1993)" );; line 34365 (wfb::source-text exports equatorial_guinea commodities "coffee, timber, cocoa beans" );; line 34367 (wfb::source-text exports equatorial_guinea partners "Spain 55.2%, Nigeria 11.4%, Cameroon 9.1% (1992)" );; line 34369 (wfb::source-text imports equatorial_guinea "$62 million (c.i.f., 1993)" );; line 34373 (wfb::source-text imports equatorial_guinea commodities "petroleum, food, beverages, clothing, machinery" );; line 34375 (wfb::source-text imports equatorial_guinea partners "Cameroon 23.1%, Spain 21.8%, France 14.1%, US 4.3% (1992)" );; line 34377 (wfb::source-text external_debt equatorial_guinea "$260 million (1992 est)" );; line 34381 (wfb::source-text industrial_production equatorial_guinea "growth rate 11.3% (1993 est.)" );; line 34385 (wfb::source-text electricity equatorial_guinea capacity "23,000 kW" );; line 34390 (wfb::source-text electricity equatorial_guinea production "20 million kWh" );; line 34392 (wfb::source-text electricity equatorial_guinea consumption_per_capita "50 kWh (1993)" );; line 34394 (wfb::source-text industry equatorial_guinea "fishing, sawmilling" );; line 34398 (wfb::source-text agriculture equatorial_guinea "accounts for almost 50% of GDP, cash crops - timber and coffee from Rio Muni, cocoa from Bioko; food crops - rice, yams, cassava, bananas, oil palm nuts, manioc, livestock" );; line 34402 (wfb::source-text economic_aid equatorial_guinea recipient "US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY81-89), $14 million; Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-89), $130 million; Communist countries (1970-89), $55 million" );; line 34409 (wfb::source-text currency equatorial_guinea "1 CFA franc (CFAF) = 100 centimes" );; line 34415 (wfb::source-text exchange_rates equatorial_guinea "Communaute Financiere Africaine francs (CFAF) per US$1 - 529.43 (January 1995), 555.20 (1994), 273,16 (1993), 264.69 (1992), 282.11 (1991), 272.26 (1990)" );; line 34419 (wfb::source-text fiscal_year equatorial_guinea "1 April - 31 March" );; line 34428 (wfb::source-text railroads equatorial_guinea total "0 km" );; line 34434 (wfb::source-text highways equatorial_guinea total "2,760 km (2,460 km on Rio Muni and 300 km on Bioko)" );; line 34439 (wfb::source-text highways equatorial_guinea paved "NA" );; line 34441 (wfb::source-text highways equatorial_guinea unpaved "NA" );; line 34443 (wfb::source-text port equatorial_guinea "Bata, Luba, Malabo" );; line 34447 (wfb::source-text merchant_marine equatorial_guinea total "2 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 6,412 GRT/6,699 DWT" );; line 34452 (wfb::source-text merchant_marine equatorial_guinea ships_by_type "cargo 1, passenger-cargo 1" );; line 34454 (wfb::source-text airports equatorial_guinea total "3" );; line 34459 (wfb::source-text airports equatorial_guinea |with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m| "1" );; line 34461 (wfb::source-text airports equatorial_guinea |with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m| "1" );; line 34463 (wfb::source-text airports equatorial_guinea with_paved_runways_under_914_m "1" );; line 34465 (wfb::source-text telephone_system equatorial_guinea "2,000 telephones; poor system with adequate government services" );; line 34470 (wfb::source-text telephone_system equatorial_guinea local "NA" );; line 34472 (wfb::source-text telephone_system equatorial_guinea intercity "NA" );; line 34474 (wfb::source-text telephone_system equatorial_guinea international "international communications from Bata and Malabo to African and European countries; 1 Indian Ocean INTELSAT earth station" );; line 34476 (wfb::source-text radio equatorial_guinea broadcast_stations "AM 2, FM 0, shortwave 0" );; line 34482 (wfb::source-text radio equatorial_guinea radios "NA" );; line 34484 (wfb::source-text television equatorial_guinea broadcast_stations "1" );; line 34489 (wfb::source-text television equatorial_guinea televisions "NA" );; line 34491 (wfb::source-text defense_branch equatorial_guinea "Army, Navy, Air Force, Rapid Intervention Force, National Police" );; line 34497 (wfb::source-text manpower_availability equatorial_guinea "males age 15-49 89,752; males fit for military service 45,611 (1995 est.)" );; line 34501 (wfb::source-text defense_expenditures equatorial_guinea "exchange rate conversion - $2.5 million, NA% of GDP (FY93/94)" );; line 34506 (wfb::source-text location eritrea "Eastern Africa, bordering the Red Sea, between Djibouti and Sudan" );; line 34516 (wfb::source-text map_references eritrea "Africa" );; line 34520 (wfb::source-text area eritrea total_area "121,320 sq km" );; line 34525 (wfb::source-text area eritrea land_area "121,320 sq km" );; line 34527 (wfb::source-text area eritrea comparative_area "slightly larger than Pennsylvania" );; line 34529 (wfb::source-text borders eritrea "total 1,630 km, Djibouti 113 km, Ethiopia 912 km, Sudan 605 km" );; line 34533 (wfb::source-text coastline eritrea "1,151 km (land and island coastline is 2,234 km)" );; line 34537 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims eritrea "NA" );; line 34541 (wfb::source-text international_disputes eritrea "none" );; line 34545 (wfb::source-text climate eritrea "hot, dry desert strip along Red Sea coast; cooler and wetter in the central highlands (up to 61 cm of rainfall annually); semiarid in western hills and lowlands; rainfall heaviest during June-September except on coastal desert" );; line 34549 (wfb::source-text terrain eritrea "dominated by extension of Ethiopian north-south trending highlands, descending on the east to a coastal desert plain, on the northwest to hilly terrain and on the southwest to flat-to-rolling plains" );; line 34556 (wfb::source-text natural-resource eritrea "gold, potash, zinc, copper, salt, probably oil (petroleum geologists are prospecting for it), fish" );; line 34562 (wfb::source-text land_use eritrea arable_land "3%" );; line 34568 (wfb::source-text land_use eritrea permanent_crops "2% (coffee)" );; line 34570 (wfb::source-text land_use eritrea meadows_and_pastures "40%" );; line 34572 (wfb::source-text land_use eritrea forest_and_woodland "5%" );; line 34574 (wfb::source-text land_use eritrea other "50%" );; line 34576 (wfb::source-text irrigated_land eritrea "NA sq km" );; line 34580 (wfb::source-text environment eritrea current_issues "famine; deforestation; desertification; soil erosion; overgrazing; loss of infrastructure from civil warfare" );; line 34585 (wfb::source-text environment eritrea natural_hazards "frequent droughts" );; line 34588 (wfb::source-text environment eritrea international_agreements "party to - Endangered Species; signed, but not ratified - Desertification" );; line 34590 (wfb::source-text note eritrea "strategic geopolitical position along world's busiest shipping lanes; Eritrea retained the entire coastline of Ethiopia along the Red Sea upon de jure independence from Ethiopia on 27 April 1993" );; line 34595 (wfb::source-text population eritrea "3,578,709 (July 1995 est.)" );; line 34603 (wfb::source-text age_structure eritrea 0-14_years "43% (female 763,416; male 774,922)" );; line 34608 (wfb::source-text age_structure eritrea 15-64_years "54% (female 965,124; male 965,435)" );; line 34610 (wfb::source-text age_structure eritrea 65_years_and_over "3% (female 52,950; male 56,862) (July 1995 est.)" );; line 34612 (wfb::source-text population_growth_rate eritrea "9.04% (1995 est.)" );; line 34616 (wfb::source-text birth_rate eritrea "44.34 births/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 34620 (wfb::source-text death_rate eritrea "15.67 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 34624 (wfb::source-text net_migration_rate eritrea "NA migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 34628 (wfb::source-text infant_mortality_rate eritrea "120.6 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.)" );; line 34635 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth eritrea total_population "50 years" );; line 34640 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth eritrea male "48.28 years" );; line 34642 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth eritrea female "51.78 years (1995 est.)" );; line 34644 (wfb::source-text total_fertility_rate eritrea "6.53 children born/woman (1995 est.)" );; line 34648 (wfb::source-text nationality eritrea noun "Eritrean(s)" );; line 34653 (wfb::source-text nationality eritrea adjective "Eritrean" );; line 34655 (wfb::source-text ethnic-entity eritrea "ethnic Tigrays 50%, Tigre and Kunama 40%, Afar 4%, Saho (Red Sea coast dwellers) 3%" );; line 34659 (wfb::source-text religion eritrea "Muslim, Coptic Christian, Roman Catholic, Protestant" );; line 34664 (wfb::source-text language eritrea "Tigre and Kunama, Cushitic dialects, Tigre, Nora Bana, Arabic" );; line 34668 (wfb::source-text total_labor_force eritrea "NA" );; line 34672 (wfb::source-text names eritrea conventional_long_form "State of Eritrea" );; line 34678 (wfb::source-text names eritrea conventional_short_form "Eritrea" );; line 34680 (wfb::source-text names eritrea local_long_form "none" );; line 34682 (wfb::source-text names eritrea local_short_form "none" );; line 34684 (wfb::source-text names eritrea former "Eritrea Autonomous Region in Ethiopia" );; line 34686 (wfb::source-text digraph eritrea "ER" );; line 34690 (wfb::source-text type eritrea "transitional government" );; line 34694 (wfb::source-text capital eritrea "Asmara (formerly Asmera)" );; line 34705 (wfb::source-text administrative_divisions eritrea "9 provinces; Akole Guzay, Baraka, Danakil, Hamasen, Sahil, Samhar, Senhit, Seraye, Sahil" );; line 34709 (wfb::source-text independence eritrea "27 May 1993 (from Ethiopia; formerly the Eritrea Autonomous Region)" );; line 34714 (wfb::source-text national_holiday eritrea "National Day (independence from Ethiopia), 24 May (1993)" );; line 34719 (wfb::source-text constitution eritrea "transitional \"constitution\" decreed 19 May 1993" );; line 34723 (wfb::source-text legal_system eritrea "NA" );; line 34727 (wfb::source-text suffrage eritrea "NA" );; line 34731 (wfb::source-text executive_branch eritrea chief_of_state_and_head_of_government "President ISAIAS Afworke (since 22 May 1993)" );; line 34736 (wfb::source-text executive_branch eritrea cabinet "State Council; the collective executive authority" );; line 34738 (wfb::source-text legislative_structure eritrea "unicameral" );; line 34744 (wfb::source-text legislative_branch eritrea national_assembly "PFDJ Central Committee serves as the country's legislative body until country-wide elections are held (before 20 May 1997)" );; line 34746 (wfb::source-text judicial_branch eritrea "Judiciary" );; line 34751 (wfb::source-text political_parties_and_leaders eritrea "People's Front for Democracy and Justice (PFDJ), ISAIAS Afworke, PETROS Solomon (the only party recognized by the government)" );; line 34755 (wfb::source-text other_political_or_pressure_groups eritrea "Eritrean Islamic Jihad (EIJ); Islamic Militant Group; Eritrean Liberation Front (ELF), ABDULLAH Muhammed; Eritrean Liberation Front - United Organization (ELF-UO), Mohammed Said NAWUD; Eritrean Liberation Front - Revolutionary Council (ELF-RC), Ahmed NASSER" );; line 34760 (wfb::source-text member_of eritrea "ACP, ECA, FAO, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFAD, IGADD, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT (nonsignatory user), ITU, OAU, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UPU, WFTU" );; line 34767 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us eritrea chief_of_mission "Ambassador AMDEMICHAEL Berhane Khasai" );; line 34773 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us eritrea chancery "Suite 400, 910 17th Street NW, Washington, DC 20006" );; line 34775 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us eritrea telephone "[1] (202) 429-1991" );; line 34777 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us eritrea fax "[1] (202) 429-9004" );; line 34779 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation eritrea chief_of_mission "Ambassador Robert G. HOUDEK" );; line 34784 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation eritrea embassy "34 Zera Yacob St., Asmara" );; line 34786 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation eritrea mailing_address "P.O. Box 211, Asmara" );; line 34788 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation eritrea telephone "[291] (1) 120004" );; line 34790 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation eritrea fax "[291] (1) 127584" );; line 34792 (wfb::source-text flag eritrea "red isosceles triangle (based on the hoist side) dividing the flag into two right triangles; the upper triangle is green, the lower one is blue; a gold wreath encircling a gold olive branch is centered on the hoist side of the red triangle" );; line 34796 (wfb::source-text overview eritrea "With independence from Ethiopia on 27 April 1993, Eritrea faces the bitter economic problems of a small, desperately poor African country. Most of the population will continue to depend on subsistence farming. Domestic output is substantially augmented by worker remittances from abroad. Government revenues come from custom duties and income and sales taxes. Eritrea has inherited the entire coastline of Ethiopia and has long-term prospects for revenues from the development of offshore oil, offshore fishing, and tourism. For the time being, Ethiopia will be largely dependent on Eritrean ports for its foreign trade." );; line 34804 (wfb::source-text national_product eritrea "GDP - purchasing power parity - $1.8 billion (1994 est.)" );; line 34816 (wfb::source-text national_product_real_growth_rate eritrea "2% (1994 est.)" );; line 34820 (wfb::source-text national_product_per_capita eritrea "$500 (1994 est.)" );; line 34824 (wfb::source-text |Inflation rate (consumer prices)| eritrea "NA%" );; line 34828 (wfb::source-text unemployment_rate eritrea "NA%" );; line 34832 (wfb::source-text budget eritrea revenues "$NA" );; line 34837 (wfb::source-text budget eritrea expenditures "$NA, including capital expenditures of $NA" );; line 34839 (wfb::source-text exports eritrea "$NA" );; line 34843 (wfb::source-text exports eritrea commodities "NA" );; line 34845 (wfb::source-text exports eritrea partners "NA" );; line 34847 (wfb::source-text imports eritrea "$NA" );; line 34851 (wfb::source-text imports eritrea commodities "NA" );; line 34853 (wfb::source-text imports eritrea partners "NA" );; line 34855 (wfb::source-text external_debt eritrea "$NA" );; line 34859 (wfb::source-text industrial_production eritrea "growth rate NA%" );; line 34863 (wfb::source-text electricity eritrea capacity "NA kW" );; line 34868 (wfb::source-text electricity eritrea production "NA kWh" );; line 34870 (wfb::source-text electricity eritrea consumption_per_capita "NA kWh" );; line 34872 (wfb::source-text industry eritrea "food processing, beverages, clothing and textiles" );; line 34876 (wfb::source-text agriculture eritrea "products - sorghum, livestock (including goats), fish, lentils, vegetables, maize, cotton, tobacco, coffee, sisal (for making rope)" );; line 34880 (wfb::source-text economic_aid eritrea "$NA" );; line 34885 (wfb::source-text currency eritrea "1 birr (Br) = 100 cents; at present, Ethiopian currency used" );; line 34889 (wfb::source-text exchange_rates eritrea "1 birr (Br) per US$1 - 5.9500 (January 1995), 5.9500 (1994), 5.000 (fixed rate 1992-93); note - official rate pegged to US$" );; line 34893 (wfb::source-text fiscal_year eritrea "NA" );; line 34898 (wfb::source-text railroads eritrea total "307 km; note - nonoperational since 1978; links Ak'ordat and Asmara (formerly Asmera) with the port of Massawa (formerly Mits'iwa)" );; line 34904 (wfb::source-text railroads eritrea narrow_gauge "307 km 1.000-m gauge (1993 est.)" );; line 34907 (wfb::source-text highways eritrea total "3,845 km" );; line 34912 (wfb::source-text highways eritrea paved "807 km" );; line 34914 (wfb::source-text highways eritrea unpaved "gravel 840 km; improved earth 402 km; unimproved earth 1,796 km" );; line 34916 (wfb::source-text port eritrea "Assab (Aseb), Massawa (Mits'iwa)" );; line 34920 (wfb::source-text merchant_marine eritrea "none" );; line 34924 (wfb::source-text airports eritrea total "20" );; line 34929 (wfb::source-text airports eritrea |with paved runways over 3,047 m| "1" );; line 34931 (wfb::source-text airports eritrea |with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m| "1" );; line 34933 (wfb::source-text airports eritrea with_paved_runways_under_914_m "2" );; line 34935 (wfb::source-text airports eritrea |with unpaved runways over 3,047 m| "1" );; line 34937 (wfb::source-text airports eritrea |with unpaved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m| "2" );; line 34939 (wfb::source-text airports eritrea |with unpaved runways 1,524 to 2,438 m| "6" );; line 34941 (wfb::source-text airports eritrea |with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m| "7" );; line 34943 (wfb::source-text telephone_system eritrea "NA" );; line 34948 (wfb::source-text telephone_system eritrea local "NA" );; line 34950 (wfb::source-text telephone_system eritrea intercity "NA" );; line 34952 (wfb::source-text telephone_system eritrea international "NA" );; line 34954 (wfb::source-text radio eritrea broadcast_stations "AM NA, FM NA, shortwave 0" );; line 34959 (wfb::source-text radio eritrea radios "NA" );; line 34961 (wfb::source-text television eritrea broadcast_stations "NA" );; line 34966 (wfb::source-text television eritrea televisions "NA" );; line 34968 (wfb::source-text defense_branch eritrea "Eritrean People's Liberation Front (EPLF)" );; line 34974 (wfb::source-text defense_expenditures eritrea "$NA, NA% of GDP" );; line 34978 (wfb::source-text location estonia "Eastern Europe, bordering the Baltic Sea and Gulf of Finland, between Latvia and Russia" );; line 34988 (wfb::source-text map_references estonia "Europe" );; line 34993 (wfb::source-text area estonia total_area "45,100 sq km" );; line 34998 (wfb::source-text area estonia land_area "43,200 sq km" );; line 35000 (wfb::source-text area estonia comparative_area "slightly larger than New Hampshire and Vermont combined" );; line 35002 (wfb::source-text borders estonia "total 557 km, Latvia 267 km, Russia 290 km" );; line 35008 (wfb::source-text coastline estonia "1,393 km" );; line 35012 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims estonia exclusive_economic_zone "limits to be fixed in coordination with neighboring states" );; line 35017 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims estonia territorial_sea "12 nm" );; line 35019 (wfb::source-text international_disputes estonia "claims over 2,000 sq km of Russian territory in the Narva and Pechora regions - based on boundary established under the 1921 Peace Treaty of Tartu" );; line 35023 (wfb::source-text climate estonia "maritime, wet, moderate winters, cool summers" );; line 35029 (wfb::source-text terrain estonia "marshy, lowlands" );; line 35033 (wfb::source-text natural-resource estonia "shale oil, peat, phosphorite, amber" );; line 35037 (wfb::source-text land_use estonia arable_land "22%" );; line 35042 (wfb::source-text land_use estonia permanent_crops "0%" );; line 35044 (wfb::source-text land_use estonia meadows_and_pastures "11%" );; line 35046 (wfb::source-text land_use estonia forest_and_woodland "31%" );; line 35048 (wfb::source-text land_use estonia other "36%" );; line 35050 (wfb::source-text irrigated_land estonia "110 sq km (1990)" );; line 35054 (wfb::source-text environment estonia current_issues "air heavily polluted with sulfur dioxide from oil-shale burning power plants in northeast; contamination of soil and groundwater with petroleum products, chemicals at military bases" );; line 35059 (wfb::source-text environment estonia natural_hazards "flooding occurs frequently in the spring" );; line 35063 (wfb::source-text environment estonia international_agreements "party to - Biodiversity, Climate Change, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Ship Pollution, Wetlands" );; line 35065 (wfb::source-text population estonia "1,625,399 (July 1995 est.)" );; line 35072 (wfb::source-text age_structure estonia 0-14_years "22% (female 174,304; male 181,101)" );; line 35077 (wfb::source-text age_structure estonia 15-64_years "65% (female 549,473; male 515,426)" );; line 35079 (wfb::source-text age_structure estonia 65_years_and_over "13% (female 139,722; male 65,373) (July 1995 est.)" );; line 35081 (wfb::source-text population_growth_rate estonia "0.53% (1995 est.)" );; line 35085 (wfb::source-text birth_rate estonia "13.9 births/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 35089 (wfb::source-text death_rate estonia "11.93 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 35093 (wfb::source-text net_migration_rate estonia "3.31 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 35097 (wfb::source-text infant_mortality_rate estonia "18.7 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.)" );; line 35101 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth estonia total_population "70.17 years" );; line 35106 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth estonia male "65.2 years" );; line 35108 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth estonia female "75.39 years (1995 est.)" );; line 35110 (wfb::source-text total_fertility_rate estonia "1.98 children born/woman (1995 est.)" );; line 35114 (wfb::source-text nationality estonia noun "Estonian(s)" );; line 35119 (wfb::source-text nationality estonia adjective "Estonian" );; line 35121 (wfb::source-text ethnic-entity estonia "Estonian 61.5%, Russian 30.3%, Ukrainian 3.17%, Byelorussian 1.8%, Finn 1.1%, other 2.13% (1989)" );; line 35125 (wfb::source-text religion estonia "Lutheran" );; line 35130 (wfb::source-text language estonia "Estonian (official), Latvian, Lithuanian, Russian, other" );; line 35134 (wfb::source-text literacy estonia "age 15 and over can read and write (1989)" );; line 35138 (wfb::source-text literacy estonia total_population "100%" );; line 35140 (wfb::source-text literacy estonia male "100%" );; line 35142 (wfb::source-text literacy estonia female "100%" );; line 35144 (wfb::source-text total_labor_force estonia "750,000 (1992)" );; line 35148 (wfb::source-text labor_force_by_occupation estonia by_occupation "industry and construction 42%, agriculture and forestry 20%, other 38% (1990)" );; line 35150 (wfb::source-text names estonia conventional_long_form "Republic of Estonia" );; line 35157 (wfb::source-text names estonia conventional_short_form "Estonia" );; line 35159 (wfb::source-text names estonia local_long_form "Eesti Vabariik" );; line 35161 (wfb::source-text names estonia local_short_form "Eesti" );; line 35163 (wfb::source-text names estonia former "Estonian Soviet Socialist Republic" );; line 35165 (wfb::source-text digraph estonia "EN" );; line 35169 (wfb::source-text type estonia "republic" );; line 35173 (wfb::source-text capital estonia "Tallinn" );; line 35177 (wfb::source-text administrative_divisions estonia "15 counties (maakonnad, singular - maakond): Harju maakond (Tallinn), Hiiu maakond (Kardla), Ida-Viru maakond (Johvi), Jarva maakond (Paide), Jogeva maakond (Jogeva), Laane maakond (Haapsalu), Laane-Viru maakond (Rakvere), Parnu maakond (Parnu), Polva maakond (Polva), Rapla maakond (Rapla), Saare maakond (Kuessaare), Tartu maakond (Tartu), Valga maakond (Valga), Viljandi maakond (Viljandi), Voru maakond (Voru)" );; line 35181 (wfb::source-text independence estonia "6 September 1991 (from Soviet Union)" );; line 35192 (wfb::source-text national_holiday estonia "Independence Day, 24 February (1918)" );; line 35196 (wfb::source-text constitution estonia "adopted 28 June 1992" );; line 35200 (wfb::source-text legal_system estonia "based on civil law system; no judicial review of legislative acts" );; line 35204 (wfb::source-text suffrage estonia "18 years of age; universal" );; line 35208 (wfb::source-text executive_branch estonia chief_of_state "President Lennart MERI (since 21 October 1992); election last held 20 September 1992; (next to be held fall 1996); results - no candidate received majority; newly elected Parliament elected Lennart MERI (21 October 1992)" );; line 35213 (wfb::source-text executive_branch estonia head_of_government "Prime Minister Andres TARAND (since NA October 1994)" );; line 35218 (wfb::source-text executive_branch estonia cabinet "Council of Ministers; appointed by the prime minister, authorized by the legislature" );; line 35220 (wfb::source-text legislative_structure estonia "unicameral" );; line 35225 (wfb::source-text legislative_branch estonia |Parliament (Riigikogu)| "elections last held 5 March 1995 (next to be held NA 1998); results - KMU 32.22%, RE 16.18%, K 14.17%, Pro Patria and ERSP 7.85%, M 5.98%, Our Home is Estonia and Right-Wingers 5.0%; seats - (101 total) KMU 41, RE 19, K 16, Pro Patria 8, Our Home is Estonia 6, M 6, Right-Wingers 5" );; line 35227 (wfb::source-text judicial_branch estonia "Supreme Court" );; line 35234 (wfb::source-text political_parties_and_leaders estonia "Coalition Party and Rural Union (KMU) made up of 4 parties: Coalition Party, Country People's Party, Farmer's Assembly, and Pensioners' and Families' League; Coalition Party, Tiit VAHI, chairman; Country People's Party, Arnold RUUTEL, chairman; Farmer's Assembly, Jaak-Hans KUKS, chairman; Pensioners' and Families' League; Reform Party-Liberals (RE), Siim KALLAS, chairman; Center Party (K), Edgar SAVISAAR, chairman; Union of Pro Patria (Isaama of Fatherland), Mart LAAR, chairman; National Independence Party (ERSP), Kelam TUNNE, chairman; Our Home is Estonia made up of 2 parties: United Peoples Party and the Russian Party in Estonia; United Peoples Party, Viktor ANDREJEV, chairman; Russian Party in Estonia, Sergei KUZNETSOV, chairman; Moderates (M) made up of 2 parties: Social Democratic Party and Rural Center Party; Social Democratic Party, Eiki NESTOR, chairman; Rural Center Party, Vambo KAAL, chairman; Right-Wingers, Ulo NUGIS, chairman" );; line 35238 (wfb::source-text member_of estonia "BIS, CBSS, CCC, CE, EBRD, ECE, FAO, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IFC, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTERPOL, IOC, ISO (correspondent), ITU, NACC, OSCE, PFP, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UPU, WEU (associate partner), WHO, WIPO, WMO" );; line 35254 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us estonia chief_of_mission "Ambassador Toomas Hendrik ILVES" );; line 35261 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us estonia chancery "1030 15th Street NW, Washington, DC 20005, Suite 1000" );; line 35263 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us estonia telephone "[1] (202) 789-0320" );; line 35265 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us estonia fax "[1] (202) 789-0471" );; line 35267 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us estonia |consulate(s) general| "New York" );; line 35269 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation estonia chief_of_mission "(vacant); Charge d'Affaires Keith SMITH" );; line 35274 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation estonia embassy "Kentmanni 20, Tallinn EE 0001" );; line 35276 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation estonia mailing_address "use embassy street address" );; line 35278 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation estonia telephone "[372] (2) 312-021 through 024" );; line 35280 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation estonia fax "[372] (2) 312-025" );; line 35282 (wfb::source-text flag estonia "pre-1940 flag restored by Supreme Soviet in May 1990 - three equal horizontal bands of blue (top), black, and white" );; line 35286 (wfb::source-text overview estonia "Bolstered by a widespread national desire to reintegrate into Western Europe, the Estonian government has pursued an ambitious program of market reforms and stabilization measures, which is rapidly transforming the economy. Three years after independence - and two years after the introduction of the kroon - Estonians are beginning to reap tangible benefits; inflation, though still high, was brought down to about 2% per month in second half 1994; production declines have bottomed out with estimated growth of 4% in 1994; and living standards are rising. Economic restructuring has been dramatic. By 1994 the service sector accounted for over 55% of GDP, while the once-dominant heavy industrial sector continues to shrink. The private sector is growing rapidly; the share of the state enterprises in the economy has steadily declined and by late 1994 accounted for only about 40% of GDP. Estonia's foreign trade has shifted rapidly from East to West; the Western industrialized countries now account for two-thirds of foreign trade." );; line 35292 (wfb::source-text national_product estonia "GDP - purchasing power parity - $10.4 billion (1994 estimate as extrapolated from World Bank estimate for 1992)" );; line 35309 (wfb::source-text national_product_real_growth_rate estonia "4% (1994 est.)" );; line 35314 (wfb::source-text national_product_per_capita estonia "$6,460 (1994 est.)" );; line 35318 (wfb::source-text |Inflation rate (consumer prices)| estonia "3.3% per month (1994 average)" );; line 35322 (wfb::source-text unemployment_rate estonia "about 2% in 1994 (official estimate but large number of underemployed workers)" );; line 35326 (wfb::source-text budget estonia revenues "$643 million" );; line 35332 (wfb::source-text budget estonia expenditures "$639 million, including capital expenditures of $NA (1993 est.)" );; line 35334 (wfb::source-text exports estonia "$1.65 billion (f.o.b., 1994)" );; line 35338 (wfb::source-text exports estonia commodities "textile 14%, food products 11%, vehicles 11%, metals 11% (1993)" );; line 35340 (wfb::source-text exports estonia partners "Russia, Finland, Sweden, Germany" );; line 35342 (wfb::source-text imports estonia "$1 billion (c.i.f., 1994)" );; line 35346 (wfb::source-text imports estonia commodities "machinery 18%, fuels 15%, vehicles 14%, textiles 10% (1993)" );; line 35348 (wfb::source-text imports estonia partners "Finland, Russia, Germany, Sweden" );; line 35350 (wfb::source-text external_debt estonia "$650 million (end of 1991)" );; line 35354 (wfb::source-text industrial_production estonia "growth rate -27% (1993)" );; line 35358 (wfb::source-text electricity estonia capacity "3,420,000 kW" );; line 35363 (wfb::source-text electricity estonia production "11.3 billion kWh" );; line 35365 (wfb::source-text electricity estonia consumption_per_capita "6,528 kWh (1993)" );; line 35367 (wfb::source-text industry estonia "oil shale, shipbuilding, phosphates, electric motors, excavators, cement, furniture, clothing, textiles, paper, shoes, apparel" );; line 35371 (wfb::source-text agriculture estonia "accounts for 10% of GDP; employs 20% of work force; very efficient by Soviet standards; net exports of meat, fish, dairy products, and potatoes; imports of feedgrains for livestock; fruits and vegetables" );; line 35376 (wfb::source-text illicit_drugs estonia "transshipment point for illicit drugs from Central and Southwest Asia and Latin America to Western Europe; very limited illicit opium producer; mostly for domestic consumption" );; line 35382 (wfb::source-text economic_aid estonia recipient "US commitments, including Ex-Im (1992), $10 million" );; line 35389 (wfb::source-text currency estonia "1 Estonian kroon (EEK) = 100 cents (introduced in August 1992)" );; line 35393 (wfb::source-text exchange_rates estonia "kroons (EEK) per US$1 - 12.25 (January 1995); note - kroons are tied to the German Deutschmark at a fixed rate of 8 to 1" );; line 35397 (wfb::source-text fiscal_year estonia "calendar year" );; line 35402 (wfb::source-text railroads estonia total "1,030 km common carrier lines only; does not include dedicated industrial lines" );; line 35408 (wfb::source-text railroads estonia broad_gauge "1,030 km 1.520-m gauge (1990)" );; line 35411 (wfb::source-text highways estonia total "30,300 km" );; line 35416 (wfb::source-text highways estonia paved_or_graveled "29,200 km" );; line 35418 (wfb::source-text highways estonia unpaved "earth 1,100 km (1990)" );; line 35420 (wfb::source-text inland_waterways estonia "500 km perennially navigable" );; line 35424 (wfb::source-text pipelines estonia "natural gas 420 km (1992)" );; line 35428 (wfb::source-text port estonia "Haapsalu, Narva, Novotallin, Paldiski, Parnu, Tallinn" );; line 35432 (wfb::source-text merchant_marine estonia total "65 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 415,332 GRT/532,749 DWT" );; line 35437 (wfb::source-text merchant_marine estonia ships_by_type "bulk 6, cargo 44, container 2, oil tanker 2, roll-on/roll-off cargo 7, short-sea passenger 4" );; line 35439 (wfb::source-text airports estonia total "22" );; line 35445 (wfb::source-text airports estonia |with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m| "7" );; line 35447 (wfb::source-text airports estonia |with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m| "3" );; line 35449 (wfb::source-text airports estonia |with unpaved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m| "1" );; line 35451 (wfb::source-text airports estonia |with unpaved runways 1,524 to 2,438 m| "2" );; line 35453 (wfb::source-text airports estonia |with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m| "4" );; line 35455 (wfb::source-text airports estonia with_unpaved_runways_under_914_m "5" );; line 35457 (wfb::source-text telephone_system estonia "about 400,000 telephones; 246 telephones/1,000 persons; telephone system is antiquated; improvements are being made piecemeal, with emphasis on business needs and international connections; there are still about 150,000 unfulfilled requests for telephone service" );; line 35462 (wfb::source-text telephone_system estonia local "NA" );; line 35467 (wfb::source-text telephone_system estonia intercity "NA" );; line 35469 (wfb::source-text telephone_system estonia international "international traffic is carried to the other former USSR republics by land line or microwave and to other countries partly by leased connection to the Moscow international gateway switch, and partly by a new Tallinn-Helsinki fiber optic submarine cable which gives Estonia access to international circuits everywhere; substantial investment has been made in cellular systems which are operational throughout Estonia and also Latvia and which have access to the international packet switched digital network via Helsinki" );; line 35471 (wfb::source-text radio estonia broadcast_stations "AM NA, FM NA, shortwave 0" );; line 35482 (wfb::source-text radio estonia radios "NA" );; line 35484 (wfb::source-text television estonia broadcast_stations "3; note - provide Estonian programs as well as Moscow Ostenkino's first and second programs" );; line 35489 (wfb::source-text television estonia televisions "NA" );; line 35492 (wfb::source-text defense_branch estonia "Ground Forces, Navy, Air and Air Defense Force (not officially sanctioned), Maritime Border Guard, Volunteer Defense League (Kaitseliit), Security Forces (internal and border troops), Coast Guard" );; line 35498 (wfb::source-text manpower_availability estonia "males age 15-49 396,588; males fit for military service 311,838; males reach military age (18) annually 11,915 (1995 est.)" );; line 35504 (wfb::source-text defense_expenditures estonia "exchange rate conversion - $34.1 million, almost 5% of the overall State budget and 1.5% of GDP (1995)" );; line 35509 (wfb::source-text location ethiopia "Eastern Africa, west of Somalia" );; line 35520 (wfb::source-text map_references ethiopia "Africa" );; line 35524 (wfb::source-text area ethiopia total_area "1,127,127 sq km" );; line 35529 (wfb::source-text area ethiopia land_area "1,119,683 sq km" );; line 35531 (wfb::source-text area ethiopia comparative_area "slightly less than twice the size of Texas" );; line 35533 (wfb::source-text borders ethiopia "total 5,311 km, Djibouti 337 km, Eritrea 912 km, Kenya 830 km, Somalia 1,626 km, Sudan 1,606 km" );; line 35537 (wfb::source-text coastline ethiopia "none - landlocked" );; line 35542 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims ethiopia "none; landlocked" );; line 35546 (wfb::source-text international_disputes ethiopia "southern half of the boundary with Somalia is a Provisional Administrative Line; territorial dispute with Somalia over the Ogaden" );; line 35550 (wfb::source-text climate ethiopia "tropical monsoon with wide topographic-induced variation" );; line 35555 (wfb::source-text terrain ethiopia "high plateau with central mountain range divided by Great Rift Valley" );; line 35559 (wfb::source-text natural-resource ethiopia "small reserves of gold, platinum, copper, potash" );; line 35564 (wfb::source-text land_use ethiopia arable_land "12%" );; line 35569 (wfb::source-text land_use ethiopia permanent_crops "1%" );; line 35571 (wfb::source-text land_use ethiopia meadows_and_pastures "41%" );; line 35573 (wfb::source-text land_use ethiopia forest_and_woodland "24%" );; line 35575 (wfb::source-text land_use ethiopia other "22%" );; line 35577 (wfb::source-text irrigated_land ethiopia "1,620 sq km (1989 est.)" );; line 35581 (wfb::source-text environment ethiopia current_issues "deforestation; overgrazing; soil erosion; desertification; famine" );; line 35586 (wfb::source-text environment ethiopia natural_hazards "geologically active Great Rift Valley susceptible to earthquakes, volcanic eruptions; frequent droughts" );; line 35588 (wfb::source-text environment ethiopia international_agreements "party to - Biodiversity, Climate Change, Endangered Species, Ozone Layer Protection; signed, but not ratified - Desertification, Environmental Modification, Law of the Sea, Nuclear Test Ban" );; line 35591 (wfb::source-text note ethiopia "landlocked - entire coastline along the Red Sea was lost with the de jure independence of Eritrea on 27 April 1993" );; line 35597 (wfb::source-text population ethiopia "55,979,018 (July 1995 est.)" );; line 35604 (wfb::source-text age_structure ethiopia 0-14_years "46% (female 12,782,345; male 12,802,187)" );; line 35612 (wfb::source-text age_structure ethiopia 15-64_years "52% (female 14,352,059; male 14,511,342)" );; line 35614 (wfb::source-text age_structure ethiopia 65_years_and_over "2% (female 815,974; male 715,111) (July 1995 est.)" );; line 35616 (wfb::source-text population_growth_rate ethiopia "3.09% (1995 est.)" );; line 35620 (wfb::source-text birth_rate ethiopia "46.68 births/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 35624 (wfb::source-text death_rate ethiopia "15.77 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 35628 (wfb::source-text net_migration_rate ethiopia "NA migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 35632 (wfb::source-text infant_mortality_rate ethiopia "120.6 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.)" );; line 35641 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth ethiopia total_population "50 years" );; line 35646 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth ethiopia male "48.28 years" );; line 35648 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth ethiopia female "51.78 years (1995 est.)" );; line 35650 (wfb::source-text total_fertility_rate ethiopia "7.07 children born/woman (1995 est.)" );; line 35654 (wfb::source-text nationality ethiopia noun "Ethiopian(s)" );; line 35659 (wfb::source-text nationality ethiopia adjective "Ethiopian" );; line 35661 (wfb::source-text ethnic-entity ethiopia "Oromo 40%, Amhara and Tigrean 32%, Sidamo 9%, Shankella 6%, Somali 6%, Afar 4%, Gurage 2%, other 1%" );; line 35665 (wfb::source-text religion ethiopia "Muslim 45%-50%, Ethiopian Orthodox 35%-40%, animist 12%, other 5%" );; line 35670 (wfb::source-text language ethiopia "Amharic (official), Tigrinya, Orominga, Guaraginga, Somali, Arabic, English (major foreign language taught in schools)" );; line 35674 (wfb::source-text literacy ethiopia "age 10 and over can read and write (1984)" );; line 35679 (wfb::source-text literacy ethiopia total_population "24%" );; line 35681 (wfb::source-text literacy ethiopia male "33%" );; line 35683 (wfb::source-text literacy ethiopia female "16%" );; line 35685 (wfb::source-text total_labor_force ethiopia "18 million" );; line 35689 (wfb::source-text labor_force_by_occupation ethiopia by_occupation "agriculture and animal husbandry 80%, government and services 12%, industry and construction 8% (1985)" );; line 35691 (wfb::source-text names ethiopia conventional_long_form "none" );; line 35698 (wfb::source-text names ethiopia conventional_short_form "Ethiopia" );; line 35700 (wfb::source-text names ethiopia local_long_form "none" );; line 35702 (wfb::source-text names ethiopia local_short_form "Ityop'iya" );; line 35704 (wfb::source-text digraph ethiopia "ET" );; line 35708 (wfb::source-text type ethiopia "transitional government" );; line 35712 (wfb::source-text capital ethiopia "Addis Ababa" );; line 35728 (wfb::source-text administrative_divisions ethiopia "14 ethnically-based administrative regions (astedader akababiwach, singular - astedader akababi) Addis Ababa, Afar, Amhara, Benishangul, Gambela, Gurage-Hadiya-Kambata, Hareri, Kefa, Omo, Oromo, Sidama, Somali, Tigray, Wolayta" );; line 35732 (wfb::source-text independence ethiopia "oldest independent country in Africa and one of the oldest in the world - at least 2,000 years" );; line 35742 (wfb::source-text national_holiday ethiopia "National Day, 28 May (1991) (defeat of Mengistu regime)" );; line 35747 (wfb::source-text constitution ethiopia "new constitution promulgated in December 1994" );; line 35751 (wfb::source-text legal_system ethiopia "NA" );; line 35755 (wfb::source-text suffrage ethiopia "18 years of age; universal" );; line 35759 (wfb::source-text executive_branch ethiopia chief_of_state "President MELES Zenawi (since 1 June 1991); appointed by the Council of Representatives following the military defeat of the MENGISTU government; following the elections to the National Assembly scheduled for May 1995 the lower house of the National Assembly will nominate a new president" );; line 35764 (wfb::source-text executive_branch ethiopia head_of_government "Prime Minister TAMIRAT Layne (since 6 June 1991); a new prime minister will be designated by the party in power following the elections to the General Assembly in May 1995" );; line 35769 (wfb::source-text executive_branch ethiopia cabinet "Council of Ministers; presently designated by the chairman of the Council of Representatives; under the new constitution and following the elections in May 1995 the cabinet officers will be selected by the prime minister" );; line 35773 (wfb::source-text legislative_branch ethiopia constituent_assembly "elections were held on 5 June 1994; results - government parties swept almost all seats; in December 1994 the Constituent Assembly ratified the new constitution with few changes; the new constitution prescribes two chambers for the new National Assembly - one which is elected by popular vote and one which represents the ethnic interests of the regional governments" );; line 35781 (wfb::source-text judicial_branch ethiopia "Supreme Court" );; line 35789 (wfb::source-text political_parties_and_leaders ethiopia "Ethiopian People's Revolutionary Democratic Front (EPRDF), MELES Zenawi;" );; line 35793 (wfb::source-text other_political_or_pressure_groups ethiopia "Oromo Liberation Front (OLF); All Amhara People's Organization; Southern Ethiopia People's Democratic Coalition; numerous small, ethnic-based groups have formed since Mengistu's resignation, including several Islamic militant groups" );; line 35798 (wfb::source-text member_of ethiopia "ACP, AfDB, CCC, ECA, FAO, G-24, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IGADD, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, ISO, ITU, NAM, OAU, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNU, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WMO, WTO" );; line 35805 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us ethiopia chief_of_mission "Ambassador BERHANE Gebre-Christos" );; line 35812 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us ethiopia chancery "2134 Kalorama Road NW, Washington, DC 20008" );; line 35814 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us ethiopia telephone "[1] (202) 234-2281, 2282" );; line 35816 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us ethiopia fax "[1] (202) 328-7950" );; line 35818 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation ethiopia chief_of_mission "Ambassador Irvin HICKS" );; line 35823 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation ethiopia embassy "Entoto Street, Addis Ababa" );; line 35825 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation ethiopia mailing_address "P. O. Box 1014, Addis Ababa" );; line 35827 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation ethiopia telephone "[251] (1) 550666" );; line 35829 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation ethiopia fax "[251] (1) 552191" );; line 35831 (wfb::source-text flag ethiopia "three equal horizontal bands of green (top), yellow, and red; Ethiopia is the oldest independent country in Africa, and the colors of her flag were so often adopted by other African countries upon independence that they became known as the pan-African colors" );; line 35835 (wfb::source-text overview ethiopia "With the independence of Eritrea on 27 April 1993, Ethiopia continues to face difficult economic problems as one of the poorest and least developed countries in Africa. Its economy is based on agriculture, which accounts for about 45% of GDP, 90% of exports, and 80% of total employment; coffee generates 60% of export earnings. The agricultural sector suffers from frequent periods of drought, poor cultivation practices, and deterioration of internal security conditions. The manufacturing sector is heavily dependent on inputs from the agricultural sector. Over 90% of large-scale industry, but less than 10% of agriculture, is state run. The government is considering selling off a portion of state-owned plants, and is implementing reform measures that are gradually liberalizing the economy. A major medium-term problem is the improvement of roads, water supply, and other parts of an infrastructure badly neglected during years of civil strife." );; line 35843 (wfb::source-text national_product ethiopia "GDP - purchasing power parity - $20.3 billion (1993 est.)" );; line 35859 (wfb::source-text national_product_real_growth_rate ethiopia "3% (1994 est.)" );; line 35863 (wfb::source-text national_product_per_capita ethiopia "$380 (1993 est.)" );; line 35867 (wfb::source-text |Inflation rate (consumer prices)| ethiopia "10% (FY93/94)" );; line 35871 (wfb::source-text unemployment_rate ethiopia "NA%" );; line 35875 (wfb::source-text budget ethiopia revenues "$1.2 billion" );; line 35880 (wfb::source-text budget ethiopia expenditures "$1.7 billion, including capital expenditures of $707 million (FY93/94)" );; line 35882 (wfb::source-text exports ethiopia "$219.8 million (f.o.b., 1993 est.)" );; line 35887 (wfb::source-text exports ethiopia commodities "coffee, leather products, gold" );; line 35889 (wfb::source-text exports ethiopia partners "Germany, Japan, Saudi Arabia, France, Italy" );; line 35891 (wfb::source-text imports ethiopia "$1.04 billion (c.i.f., 1993 est.)" );; line 35895 (wfb::source-text imports ethiopia commodities "capital goods, consumer goods, fuel" );; line 35897 (wfb::source-text imports ethiopia partners "US, Germany, Italy, Saudi Arabia, Japan" );; line 35899 (wfb::source-text external_debt ethiopia "$3.7 billion (1993 est.)" );; line 35903 (wfb::source-text industrial_production ethiopia "growth rate -3.3% (FY91/92); accounts for 12% of GDP" );; line 35907 (wfb::source-text electricity ethiopia capacity "460,000 kW" );; line 35912 (wfb::source-text electricity ethiopia production "1.3 billion kWh" );; line 35914 (wfb::source-text electricity ethiopia consumption_per_capita "23 kWh (1993)" );; line 35916 (wfb::source-text industry ethiopia "food processing, beverages, textiles, chemicals, metals processing, cement" );; line 35920 (wfb::source-text agriculture ethiopia "accounts for 45% of GDP; export crops of coffee and oilseeds are grown partly on state farms; estimated 50% of agricultural production is at subsistence level; principal crops and livestock - cereals, pulses, coffee, oilseeds, sugarcane, potatoes and other vegetables, hides and skins, cattle, sheep, goats" );; line 35925 (wfb::source-text illicit_drugs ethiopia "transit hub for heroin originating in Southwest and Southeast Asia and destined for Europe and North America as well as cocaine destined for southern African markets; cultivates qat (chat) for local use and regional export" );; line 35933 (wfb::source-text economic_aid ethiopia recipient "US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-89), $504 million; Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-89), $3.4 billion; OPEC bilateral aid (1979-89), $8 million; Communist countries (1970-89), $2 billion" );; line 35941 (wfb::source-text currency ethiopia "1 birr (Br) = 100 cents" );; line 35948 (wfb::source-text exchange_rates ethiopia "birr (Br) per US$1 - 5.9500 (January 1995), 5.9500 (1994), 5.0000 (fixed rate 1992-93); fixed at 2.070 before 1992; note - official rate pegged to the US$" );; line 35952 (wfb::source-text fiscal_year ethiopia "8 July - 7 July" );; line 35958 (wfb::source-text railroads ethiopia total "681 km (Ethiopian segment of the Addis Ababa-Djibouti railroad)" );; line 35964 (wfb::source-text railroads ethiopia narrow_gauge "681 km 1.000-m gauge" );; line 35966 (wfb::source-text highways ethiopia total "24,127 km" );; line 35971 (wfb::source-text highways ethiopia paved "3,289 km" );; line 35973 (wfb::source-text highways ethiopia unpaved "gravel 6,664 km; improved earth 1,652 km; unimproved earth 12,522 km (1993)" );; line 35975 (wfb::source-text port ethiopia "none" );; line 35980 (wfb::source-text merchant_marine ethiopia total "12 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 62,627 GRT/88,909 DWT" );; line 35985 (wfb::source-text merchant_marine ethiopia ships_by_type "cargo 8, livestock carrier 1, oil tanker 2, roll-on/roll-off cargo 1" );; line 35987 (wfb::source-text airports ethiopia total "98" );; line 35993 (wfb::source-text airports ethiopia |with paved runways over 3,047 m| "2" );; line 35995 (wfb::source-text airports ethiopia |with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m| "3" );; line 35997 (wfb::source-text airports ethiopia |with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m| "2" );; line 35999 (wfb::source-text airports ethiopia |with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m| "1" );; line 36001 (wfb::source-text airports ethiopia with_paved_runways_under_914_m "24" );; line 36003 (wfb::source-text airports ethiopia |with unpaved runways over 3,047 m| "4" );; line 36005 (wfb::source-text airports ethiopia |with unpaved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m| "6" );; line 36007 (wfb::source-text airports ethiopia |with unpaved runways 1,524 to 2,438 m| "14" );; line 36009 (wfb::source-text airports ethiopia |with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m| "42" );; line 36011 (wfb::source-text telephone_system ethiopia "NA telephones; open-wire and radio relay system adequate for government use" );; line 36016 (wfb::source-text telephone_system ethiopia local "NA" );; line 36019 (wfb::source-text telephone_system ethiopia intercity "open wire and microwave radio relay links" );; line 36021 (wfb::source-text telephone_system ethiopia international "open-wire to Sudan and Djibouti; microwave radio relay to Kenya and Djibouti; 3 INTELSAT (1 Atlantic Ocean and 2 Pacific Ocean) earth stations" );; line 36023 (wfb::source-text radio ethiopia broadcast_stations "AM 4, FM 0, shortwave 0" );; line 36030 (wfb::source-text radio ethiopia radios "9 million" );; line 36032 (wfb::source-text television ethiopia broadcast_stations "1" );; line 36037 (wfb::source-text television ethiopia televisions "100,000" );; line 36039 (wfb::source-text defense_branch ethiopia "Transitional Government of Ethiopia Forces, Air Force, Police" );; line 36045 (wfb::source-text manpower_availability ethiopia "males age 15-49 12,658,084; males fit for military service 6,569,759; males reach military age (18) annually 565,976 (1995 est.)" );; line 36049 (wfb::source-text defense_expenditures ethiopia "exchange rate conversion - $140 million, 4.1% of GDP (FY94/95)" );; line 36054 (wfb::source-text location europa_island "Southern Africa, island in the Mozambique Channel, about one-half of the way from southern Madagascar to southern Mozambique" );; line 36064 (wfb::source-text map_references europa_island "Africa" );; line 36069 (wfb::source-text area europa_island total_area "28 sq km" );; line 36074 (wfb::source-text area europa_island land_area "28 sq km" );; line 36076 (wfb::source-text area europa_island comparative_area "about 0.2 times the size of Washington, DC" );; line 36078 (wfb::source-text borders europa_island "0 km" );; line 36082 (wfb::source-text coastline europa_island "22.2 km" );; line 36086 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims europa_island exclusive_economic_zone "200 nm" );; line 36091 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims europa_island territorial_sea "12 nm" );; line 36093 (wfb::source-text international_disputes europa_island "claimed by Madagascar" );; line 36097 (wfb::source-text climate europa_island "tropical" );; line 36101 (wfb::source-text terrain europa_island "NA" );; line 36105 (wfb::source-text natural-resource europa_island "negligible" );; line 36109 (wfb::source-text land_use europa_island arable_land "NA%" );; line 36114 (wfb::source-text land_use europa_island permanent_crops "NA%" );; line 36116 (wfb::source-text land_use europa_island meadows_and_pastures "NA%" );; line 36118 (wfb::source-text land_use europa_island forest_and_woodland "NA% (heavily wooded)" );; line 36120 (wfb::source-text land_use europa_island other "NA%" );; line 36122 (wfb::source-text irrigated_land europa_island "0 sq km" );; line 36126 (wfb::source-text environment europa_island current_issues "NA" );; line 36131 (wfb::source-text environment europa_island natural_hazards "NA" );; line 36133 (wfb::source-text environment europa_island international_agreements "NA" );; line 36135 (wfb::source-text note europa_island "wildlife sanctuary" );; line 36139 (wfb::source-text population europa_island "uninhabited" );; line 36145 (wfb::source-text names europa_island conventional_long_form "none" );; line 36151 (wfb::source-text names europa_island conventional_short_form "Europa Island" );; line 36153 (wfb::source-text names europa_island local_long_form "none" );; line 36155 (wfb::source-text names europa_island local_short_form "Ile Europa" );; line 36157 (wfb::source-text digraph europa_island "EU" );; line 36161 (wfb::source-text type europa_island "French possession administered by Commissioner of the Republic; resident in Reunion" );; line 36165 (wfb::source-text capital europa_island "none; administered by France from Reunion" );; line 36170 (wfb::source-text independence europa_island "none (possession of France)" );; line 36174 (wfb::source-text overview europa_island "no economic activity" );; line 36179 (wfb::source-text port europa_island "none; offshore anchorage only" );; line 36184 (wfb::source-text airports europa_island total "1" );; line 36189 (wfb::source-text airports europa_island |with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m| "1" );; line 36191 (wfb::source-text note europa_island "1 meteorological station" );; line 36196 (wfb::source-text note europa_island "defense is the responsibility of France" );; line 36202 (wfb::source-text location |Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)| "Southern South America, islands in the South Atlantic Ocean, east of southern Argentina" );; line 36215 (wfb::source-text map_references |Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)| "South America" );; line 36220 (wfb::source-text area |Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)| total_area "12,170 sq km" );; line 36225 (wfb::source-text area |Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)| land_area "12,170 sq km" );; line 36227 (wfb::source-text area |Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)| comparative_area "slightly smaller than Connecticut" );; line 36229 (wfb::source-text borders |Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)| "0 km" );; line 36236 (wfb::source-text coastline |Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)| "1,288 km" );; line 36240 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims |Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)| continental_shelf "200 nm" );; line 36245 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims |Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)| exclusive_fishing_zone "200 nm" );; line 36247 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims |Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)| territorial_sea "12 nm" );; line 36249 (wfb::source-text international_disputes |Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)| "administered by the UK, claimed by Argentina" );; line 36253 (wfb::source-text climate |Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)| "cold marine; strong westerly winds, cloudy, humid; rain occurs on more than half of days in year; occasional snow all year, except in January and February, but does not accumulate" );; line 36257 (wfb::source-text terrain |Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)| "rocky, hilly, mountainous with some boggy, undulating plains" );; line 36263 (wfb::source-text natural-resource |Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)| "fish, wildlife" );; line 36267 (wfb::source-text land_use |Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)| arable_land "0%" );; line 36272 (wfb::source-text land_use |Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)| permanent_crops "0%" );; line 36274 (wfb::source-text land_use |Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)| meadows_and_pastures "99%" );; line 36276 (wfb::source-text land_use |Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)| forest_and_woodland "0%" );; line 36278 (wfb::source-text land_use |Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)| other "1%" );; line 36280 (wfb::source-text irrigated_land |Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)| "NA sq km" );; line 36284 (wfb::source-text environment |Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)| current_issues "NA" );; line 36289 (wfb::source-text environment |Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)| natural_hazards "strong winds persist throughout the year" );; line 36291 (wfb::source-text environment |Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)| international_agreements "NA" );; line 36293 (wfb::source-text note |Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)| "deeply indented coast provides good natural harbors; short growing season" );; line 36297 (wfb::source-text population |Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)| "2,317 (July 1995 est.)" );; line 36304 (wfb::source-text age_structure |Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)| 0-14_years "NA" );; line 36309 (wfb::source-text age_structure |Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)| 15-64_years "NA" );; line 36311 (wfb::source-text age_structure |Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)| 65_years_and_over "NA" );; line 36313 (wfb::source-text population_growth_rate |Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)| "2.43% (1995 est.)" );; line 36317 (wfb::source-text birth_rate |Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)| "NA" );; line 36321 (wfb::source-text death_rate |Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)| "NA" );; line 36325 (wfb::source-text net_migration_rate |Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)| "NA" );; line 36329 (wfb::source-text infant_mortality_rate |Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)| "NA" );; line 36333 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth |Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)| "NA" );; line 36337 (wfb::source-text total_fertility_rate |Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)| "NA" );; line 36341 (wfb::source-text nationality |Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)| noun "Falkland Islander(s)" );; line 36346 (wfb::source-text nationality |Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)| adjective "Falkland Island" );; line 36348 (wfb::source-text ethnic-entity |Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)| "British" );; line 36352 (wfb::source-text religion |Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)| "primarily Anglican, Roman Catholic, United Free Church, Evangelist Church, Jehovah's Witnesses, Lutheran, Seventh-Day Adventist" );; line 36356 (wfb::source-text language |Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)| "English" );; line 36361 (wfb::source-text total_labor_force |Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)| "1,100 (est.)" );; line 36365 (wfb::source-text labor_force_by_occupation |Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)| by_occupation "agriculture 95% (mostly sheepherding)" );; line 36367 (wfb::source-text names |Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)| conventional_long_form "Colony of the Falkland Islands" );; line 36373 (wfb::source-text names |Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)| conventional_short_form "Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)" );; line 36375 (wfb::source-text digraph |Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)| "FA" );; line 36379 (wfb::source-text type |Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)| "dependent territory of the UK" );; line 36383 (wfb::source-text capital |Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)| "Stanley" );; line 36387 (wfb::source-text administrative_divisions |Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)| "none (dependent territory of the UK)" );; line 36391 (wfb::source-text independence |Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)| "none (dependent territory of the UK)" );; line 36395 (wfb::source-text national_holiday |Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)| "Liberation Day, 14 June (1982)" );; line 36399 (wfb::source-text constitution |Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)| "3 October 1985" );; line 36403 (wfb::source-text legal_system |Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)| "English common law" );; line 36407 (wfb::source-text suffrage |Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)| "18 years of age; universal" );; line 36411 (wfb::source-text executive_branch |Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)| chief_of_state "Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952)" );; line 36416 (wfb::source-text executive_branch |Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)| head_of_government "Governor David Everard TATHAM (since August 1992)" );; line 36418 (wfb::source-text executive_branch |Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)| cabinet "Executive Council; 3 members elected by the Legislative Council, 2 ex-officio members (chief executive and the financial secretary), and the governor" );; line 36420 (wfb::source-text legislative_structure |Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)| "unicameral" );; line 36426 (wfb::source-text legislative_branch |Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)| legislative_council "elections last held 11 October 1989 (next to be held October 1994); results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (10 total, 8 elected) independents 8" );; line 36428 (wfb::source-text judicial_branch |Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)| "Supreme Court" );; line 36434 (wfb::source-text political_parties_and_leaders |Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)| "NA" );; line 36438 (wfb::source-text member_of |Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)| "ICFTU" );; line 36442 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us |Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)| "none (dependent territory of the UK)" );; line 36446 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation |Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)| "none (dependent territory of the UK)" );; line 36450 (wfb::source-text flag |Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)| "blue with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side quadrant and the Falkland Island coat of arms in a white disk centered on the outer half of the flag; the coat of arms contains a white ram (sheep raising is the major economic activity) above the sailing ship Desire (whose crew discovered the islands) with a scroll at the bottom bearing the motto DESIRE THE RIGHT" );; line 36454 (wfb::source-text overview |Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)| "The economy was formerly based on agriculture, mainly sheep farming, which directly or indirectly employs most of the work force. Dairy farming supports domestic consumption; crops furnish winter fodder. Exports feature shipments of high-grade wool to the UK and the sale of postage stamps and coins. Rich stocks of fish in the surrounding waters are not presently exploited by the islanders. So far, efforts to establish a domestic fishing industry have been unsuccessful. The economy has diversified since 1987 when the government began selling fishing licenses to foreign trawlers operating within the Falklands exclusive fishing zone. These license fees total more than $40 million per year and support the island's health, education, and welfare system. To encourage tourism, the Falkland Islands Development Corporation has built three lodges for visitors attracted by the abundant wildlife and trout fishing. The islands are now self-financing except for defense. The British Geological Survey announced a 200-mile oil exploration zone around the islands in 1993 and early seismic surveys suggest substantial reserves capable of producing 500,000 barrels per day." );; line 36464 (wfb::source-text national_product |Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)| "GDP $NA" );; line 36483 (wfb::source-text national_product_real_growth_rate |Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)| "NA%" );; line 36487 (wfb::source-text national_product_per_capita |Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)| "$NA" );; line 36491 (wfb::source-text |Inflation rate (consumer prices)| |Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)| "7.4% (1980-87 average)" );; line 36495 (wfb::source-text unemployment_rate |Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)| "NA%; labor shortage" );; line 36499 (wfb::source-text budget |Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)| revenues "$65 million" );; line 36504 (wfb::source-text budget |Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)| expenditures "$55.2 million, including capital expenditures of $NA (1992-93)" );; line 36506 (wfb::source-text exports |Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)| "at least $14.7 million" );; line 36510 (wfb::source-text exports |Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)| commodities "wool, hides and skins, and meat" );; line 36512 (wfb::source-text exports |Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)| partners "UK, Netherlands, Japan (1987 est.)" );; line 36514 (wfb::source-text imports |Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)| "at least $13.9 million" );; line 36518 (wfb::source-text imports |Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)| commodities "food, clothing, timber, and machinery" );; line 36520 (wfb::source-text imports |Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)| partners "UK, Netherlands Antilles (Curacao), Japan (1987 est.)" );; line 36522 (wfb::source-text external_debt |Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)| "$NA" );; line 36526 (wfb::source-text industrial_production |Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)| "growth rate NA%" );; line 36530 (wfb::source-text electricity |Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)| capacity "9,200 kW" );; line 36535 (wfb::source-text electricity |Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)| production "17 million kWh" );; line 36537 (wfb::source-text electricity |Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)| consumption_per_capita "7,253 kWh (1993)" );; line 36539 (wfb::source-text industry |Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)| "wool and fish processing" );; line 36543 (wfb::source-text agriculture |Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)| "predominantly sheep farming; small dairy herds; some fodder and vegetable crops" );; line 36547 (wfb::source-text economic_aid |Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)| recipient "Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1992-93), $87 million" );; line 36553 (wfb::source-text currency |Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)| "1 Falkland pound (#F) = 100 pence" );; line 36558 (wfb::source-text exchange_rates |Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)| "Falkland pound (#F) per US$1 - 0.6350 (January 1995), 0.6529 (1994), 0.6658 (1993), 0.5664 (1992), 0.5652 (1991), 0.5604 (1990); note - the Falkland pound is at par with the British pound" );; line 36562 (wfb::source-text fiscal_year |Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)| "1 April - 31 March" );; line 36568 (wfb::source-text railroads |Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)| "0 km" );; line 36573 (wfb::source-text highways |Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)| total "510 km" );; line 36578 (wfb::source-text highways |Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)| paved "30 km" );; line 36580 (wfb::source-text highways |Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)| unpaved "gravel 80 km; unimproved earth 400 km" );; line 36582 (wfb::source-text port |Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)| "Stanley" );; line 36586 (wfb::source-text merchant_marine |Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)| "none" );; line 36590 (wfb::source-text airports |Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)| total "5" );; line 36595 (wfb::source-text airports |Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)| |with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m| "1" );; line 36597 (wfb::source-text airports |Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)| with_paved_runways_under_914_m "4" );; line 36599 (wfb::source-text telephone_system |Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)| "590 telephones" );; line 36604 (wfb::source-text telephone_system |Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)| local "NA" );; line 36606 (wfb::source-text telephone_system |Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)| intercity "government-operated radiotelephone and private VHF/CB radio networks provide effective service to almost all points on both islands" );; line 36608 (wfb::source-text telephone_system |Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)| international "1 INTELSAT (Atlantic Ocean) earth station with links through London to other countries" );; line 36611 (wfb::source-text radio |Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)| broadcast_stations "AM 2, FM 3, shortwave 0" );; line 36617 (wfb::source-text radio |Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)| radios "NA" );; line 36619 (wfb::source-text television |Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)| broadcast_stations "0" );; line 36624 (wfb::source-text television |Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)| televisions "NA" );; line 36626 (wfb::source-text defense_branch |Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)| "British Forces Falkland Islands (includes Army, Royal Air Force, Royal Navy, and Royal Marines), Police Force" );; line 36632 (wfb::source-text defense_expenditures |Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)| "$NA, NA% of GDP" );; line 36637 (wfb::source-text note |Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)| "defense is the responsibility of the UK" );; line 36641 (wfb::source-text location faroe_islands "Northern Europe, island group between the Norwegian Sea and the north Atlantic Ocean, about one-half of the way from Iceland to Norway" );; line 36651 (wfb::source-text map_references faroe_islands "Europe" );; line 36656 (wfb::source-text area faroe_islands total_area "1,400 sq km" );; line 36661 (wfb::source-text area faroe_islands land_area "1,400 sq km" );; line 36663 (wfb::source-text area faroe_islands comparative_area "slightly less than eight times the size of Washington, DC" );; line 36665 (wfb::source-text borders faroe_islands "0 km" );; line 36669 (wfb::source-text coastline faroe_islands "764 km" );; line 36673 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims faroe_islands exclusive_fishing_zone "200 nm" );; line 36678 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims faroe_islands territorial_sea "3 nm" );; line 36680 (wfb::source-text international_disputes faroe_islands "none" );; line 36684 (wfb::source-text climate faroe_islands "mild winters, cool summers; usually overcast; foggy, windy" );; line 36688 (wfb::source-text terrain faroe_islands "rugged, rocky, some low peaks; cliffs along most of coast" );; line 36692 (wfb::source-text natural-resource faroe_islands "fish" );; line 36696 (wfb::source-text land_use faroe_islands arable_land "2%" );; line 36701 (wfb::source-text land_use faroe_islands permanent_crops "0%" );; line 36703 (wfb::source-text land_use faroe_islands meadows_and_pastures "0%" );; line 36705 (wfb::source-text land_use faroe_islands forest_and_woodland "0%" );; line 36707 (wfb::source-text land_use faroe_islands other "98%" );; line 36709 (wfb::source-text irrigated_land faroe_islands "NA sq km" );; line 36713 (wfb::source-text environment faroe_islands current_issues "NA" );; line 36718 (wfb::source-text environment faroe_islands natural_hazards "NA" );; line 36720 (wfb::source-text environment faroe_islands international_agreements "NA" );; line 36722 (wfb::source-text note faroe_islands "archipelago of 18 inhabited islands and a few uninhabited islets; strategically located along important sea lanes in northeastern Atlantic; precipitous terrain limits habitation to small coastal lowlands" );; line 36726 (wfb::source-text population faroe_islands "48,871 (July 1995 est.)" );; line 36734 (wfb::source-text age_structure faroe_islands 0-14_years "24% (female 5,673; male 6,119)" );; line 36739 (wfb::source-text age_structure faroe_islands 15-64_years "63% (female 14,164; male 16,835)" );; line 36741 (wfb::source-text age_structure faroe_islands 65_years_and_over "13% (female 3,335; male 2,745) (July 1995 est.)" );; line 36743 (wfb::source-text population_growth_rate faroe_islands "0.99% (1995 est.)" );; line 36747 (wfb::source-text birth_rate faroe_islands "17.54 births/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 36751 (wfb::source-text death_rate faroe_islands "7.59 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 36755 (wfb::source-text net_migration_rate faroe_islands "0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 36759 (wfb::source-text infant_mortality_rate faroe_islands "7.9 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.)" );; line 36763 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth faroe_islands total_population "78.29 years" );; line 36768 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth faroe_islands male "74.91 years" );; line 36770 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth faroe_islands female "81.8 years (1995 est.)" );; line 36772 (wfb::source-text total_fertility_rate faroe_islands "2.42 children born/woman (1995 est.)" );; line 36776 (wfb::source-text nationality faroe_islands noun "Faroese (singular and plural)" );; line 36781 (wfb::source-text nationality faroe_islands adjective "Faroese" );; line 36783 (wfb::source-text ethnic-entity faroe_islands "Scandinavian" );; line 36787 (wfb::source-text religion faroe_islands "Evangelical Lutheran" );; line 36791 (wfb::source-text language faroe_islands "Faroese (derived from Old Norse), Danish" );; line 36795 (wfb::source-text literacy faroe_islands "NA%" );; line 36799 (wfb::source-text total_labor_force faroe_islands "17,585" );; line 36803 (wfb::source-text labor_force_by_occupation faroe_islands by_occupation "largely engaged in fishing, manufacturing, transportation, and commerce" );; line 36805 (wfb::source-text names faroe_islands conventional_long_form "none" );; line 36812 (wfb::source-text names faroe_islands conventional_short_form "Faroe Islands" );; line 36814 (wfb::source-text names faroe_islands local_long_form "none" );; line 36816 (wfb::source-text names faroe_islands local_short_form "Foroyar" );; line 36818 (wfb::source-text digraph faroe_islands "FO" );; line 36822 (wfb::source-text type faroe_islands "part of the Danish realm; self-governing overseas administrative division of Denmark" );; line 36826 (wfb::source-text capital faroe_islands "Torshavn" );; line 36831 (wfb::source-text administrative_divisions faroe_islands "none (self-governing overseas administrative division of Denmark)" );; line 36835 (wfb::source-text independence faroe_islands "none (part of the Danish realm; self-governing overseas administrative division of Denmark)" );; line 36839 (wfb::source-text national_holiday faroe_islands "Birthday of the Queen, 16 April (1940)" );; line 36844 (wfb::source-text constitution faroe_islands "5 June 1953 (Danish constitution)" );; line 36848 (wfb::source-text legal_system faroe_islands "Danish" );; line 36852 (wfb::source-text suffrage faroe_islands "20 years of age; universal" );; line 36856 (wfb::source-text executive_branch faroe_islands chief_of_state "Queen MARGRETHE II (since 14 January 1972), represented by High Commissioner Bent KLINTE (since NA)" );; line 36861 (wfb::source-text executive_branch faroe_islands head_of_government "Prime Minister Edmund JOENSEN (since 15 September 1994)" );; line 36864 (wfb::source-text executive_branch faroe_islands cabinet "Landsstyri; elected by the local legislature" );; line 36866 (wfb::source-text legislative_structure faroe_islands "unicameral" );; line 36870 (wfb::source-text legislative_branch faroe_islands |Faroese Parliament (Logting)| "elections last held 8 July 1994 (next to be held by July 1998); results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (32 total) Liberal Party 8, People's Party 6, Social Democrats 5, Republicans 4, Workers' Party 3, Christian Democrats 2, Center Party 2, Home Rule Party 2" );; line 36872 (wfb::source-text legislative_branch faroe_islands danish_parliament "elections last held on 21 September 1994 (next to be held by September 1998); results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (2 total) Liberals 2" );; line 36877 (wfb::source-text judicial_branch faroe_islands "none" );; line 36883 (wfb::source-text political_parties_and_leaders faroe_islands "Social Democratic Party, Marita PETERSEN; Workers Front, Oli JACOBSEN; Home Rule Party, Helena Dam A NEYSTABOE; The 'Coalition Party', Edmund JOENSEN; Republican Party, Finnbogir ESAKSON; Centrist Party, Tordur NICLASEN; Christian People's Party, Niels Pauli DANIELSEN; People's Party, Arnfinn KALLSBERG; Liberal Party; Christian Democratic Party" );; line 36887 (wfb::source-text member_of faroe_islands "none" );; line 36895 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us faroe_islands "none (self-governing overseas administrative division of Denmark)" );; line 36899 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation faroe_islands "none (self-governing overseas administrative division of Denmark)" );; line 36903 (wfb::source-text flag faroe_islands "white with a red cross outlined in blue that extends to the edges of the flag; the vertical part of the cross is shifted to the hoist side in the style of the DANNEBROG (Danish flag)" );; line 36907 (wfb::source-text overview faroe_islands "The Faroese, who have long enjoyed the affluent living standards of the Danes and other Scandinavians, now must cope with the decline of the all-important fishing industry and one of the world's heaviest per capita external debts of about $25,000. When the nations of the world extended their fishing zones to 200 nautical miles in the early 1970s, the Faroese no longer could continue their traditional long-distance fishing and subsequently depleted their own nearby fishing areas. The government's tight controls on fish stocks and its austerity measures have caused a recession, and subsidy cuts will force nationalization in the fishing industry, which has already been plagued with bankruptcies. Copenhagen has threatened to withhold its annual subsidy of $130 million - roughly one-third of the islands' budget revenues - unless the Faroese make significant efforts to balance their budget. To this extent the Faroe government is expected to continue its tough policies, including introducing a 20% value-added tax (VAT) in 1993, and has agreed to an IMF economic-political stabilization plan. In addition to its annual subsidy, the Danish government has bailed out the second largest Faroe bank to the tune of $140 million since October 1992." );; line 36914 (wfb::source-text national_product faroe_islands "GDP - purchasing power parity - $662 million (1989 est.)" );; line 36934 (wfb::source-text national_product_real_growth_rate faroe_islands "-10.8% (1993 est.)" );; line 36938 (wfb::source-text national_product_per_capita faroe_islands "$14,000 (1989 est.)" );; line 36942 (wfb::source-text |Inflation rate (consumer prices)| faroe_islands "6.8% (1993 est.)" );; line 36946 (wfb::source-text unemployment_rate faroe_islands "23% (1993)" );; line 36950 (wfb::source-text budget faroe_islands revenues "$407.2 million" );; line 36955 (wfb::source-text budget faroe_islands expenditures "$482.7 million, including capital expenditures of $NA (1993 est.)" );; line 36957 (wfb::source-text exports faroe_islands "$345.3 million (f.o.b., 1993 est.)" );; line 36961 (wfb::source-text exports faroe_islands commodities "fish and fish products 88%, animal feedstuffs, transport equipment (ships) (1989)" );; line 36963 (wfb::source-text exports faroe_islands partners "Denmark 20%, Germany 18.3%, UK 14.2%, France 11.2%, Spain 7.9%, US 4.5%" );; line 36966 (wfb::source-text imports faroe_islands "$234.4 million (c.i.f., 1993 est.)" );; line 36971 (wfb::source-text imports faroe_islands commodities "machinery and transport equipment 24.4%, manufactures 24%, food and livestock 19%, fuels 12%, chemicals 6.5%" );; line 36973 (wfb::source-text imports faroe_islands partners "Denmark 43.8%, Norway 19.8%, Sweden 4.9%, Germany 4.2%, US 1.3%" );; line 36976 (wfb::source-text external_debt faroe_islands "$1.2 billion (1993 est.)" );; line 36980 (wfb::source-text industrial_production faroe_islands "growth rate NA%" );; line 36984 (wfb::source-text electricity faroe_islands capacity "90,000 kW" );; line 36989 (wfb::source-text electricity faroe_islands production "200 million kWh" );; line 36991 (wfb::source-text electricity faroe_islands consumption_per_capita "3,953 kWh (1992)" );; line 36993 (wfb::source-text industry faroe_islands "fishing, shipbuilding, handicrafts" );; line 36997 (wfb::source-text agriculture faroe_islands "accounts for 27% of GDP; principal crops - potatoes and vegetables; livestock - sheep; annual fish catch about 360,000 metric tons" );; line 37001 (wfb::source-text economic_aid faroe_islands recipient "receives an annual subsidy from Denmark of about $130 million" );; line 37007 (wfb::source-text currency faroe_islands "1 Danish krone (DKr) = 100 oere" );; line 37011 (wfb::source-text exchange_rates faroe_islands "Danish kroner (DKr) per US$1 - 6.034 (January 1995), 6.361 (1994), 6.484 (1993), 6.036 (1992), 6.396 (1991), 6.189 (1990)" );; line 37015 (wfb::source-text fiscal_year faroe_islands "1 April - 31 March" );; line 37020 (wfb::source-text railroads faroe_islands "0 km" );; line 37025 (wfb::source-text highways faroe_islands total "200 km" );; line 37030 (wfb::source-text highways faroe_islands paved "NA" );; line 37032 (wfb::source-text highways faroe_islands unpaved "NA" );; line 37034 (wfb::source-text port faroe_islands "Klaksvick, Torshavn, Tvoroyri" );; line 37038 (wfb::source-text merchant_marine faroe_islands total "7 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 19,879 GRT/18,444 DWT" );; line 37043 (wfb::source-text merchant_marine faroe_islands ships_by_type "cargo 5, roll-on/roll-off cargo 1, short-sea passenger 1" );; line 37045 (wfb::source-text airports faroe_islands total "1" );; line 37050 (wfb::source-text airports faroe_islands |with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m| "1" );; line 37052 (wfb::source-text telephone_system faroe_islands "27,900 telephones; good international communications; fair domestic facilities" );; line 37057 (wfb::source-text telephone_system faroe_islands local "NA" );; line 37060 (wfb::source-text telephone_system faroe_islands intercity "NA" );; line 37062 (wfb::source-text telephone_system faroe_islands international "3 coaxial submarine cables" );; line 37064 (wfb::source-text radio faroe_islands broadcast_stations "AM 1, FM 3 repeaters 10, shortwave 0" );; line 37069 (wfb::source-text radio faroe_islands radios "NA" );; line 37071 (wfb::source-text television faroe_islands broadcast_stations "3 (repeaters 29)" );; line 37076 (wfb::source-text television faroe_islands televisions "NA" );; line 37078 (wfb::source-text defense_branch faroe_islands "no organized native military forces; only a small Police Force and Coast Guard are maintained" );; line 37084 (wfb::source-text defense_expenditures faroe_islands "$NA, NA% of GDP" );; line 37089 (wfb::source-text note faroe_islands "defense is the responsibility of Denmark" );; line 37093 (wfb::source-text location fiji "Oceania, island group in the South Pacific Ocean, about two-thirds of the way from Hawaii to New Zealand" );; line 37103 (wfb::source-text map_references fiji "Oceania" );; line 37108 (wfb::source-text area fiji total_area "18,270 sq km" );; line 37113 (wfb::source-text area fiji land_area "18,270 sq km" );; line 37115 (wfb::source-text area fiji comparative_area "slightly smaller than New Jersey" );; line 37117 (wfb::source-text borders fiji "0 km" );; line 37121 (wfb::source-text coastline fiji "1,129 km" );; line 37125 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims fiji "measured from claimed archipelagic baselines" );; line 37129 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims fiji continental_shelf "200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation; rectilinear shelf claim added" );; line 37131 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims fiji exclusive_economic_zone "200 nm" );; line 37134 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims fiji territorial_sea "12 nm" );; line 37136 (wfb::source-text international_disputes fiji "none" );; line 37140 (wfb::source-text climate fiji "tropical marine; only slight seasonal temperature variation" );; line 37144 (wfb::source-text terrain fiji "mostly mountains of volcanic origin" );; line 37148 (wfb::source-text natural-resource fiji "timber, fish, gold, copper, offshore oil potential" );; line 37152 (wfb::source-text land_use fiji arable_land "8%" );; line 37157 (wfb::source-text land_use fiji permanent_crops "5%" );; line 37159 (wfb::source-text land_use fiji meadows_and_pastures "3%" );; line 37161 (wfb::source-text land_use fiji forest_and_woodland "65%" );; line 37163 (wfb::source-text land_use fiji other "19%" );; line 37165 (wfb::source-text irrigated_land fiji "10 sq km (1989 est.)" );; line 37169 (wfb::source-text environment fiji current_issues "deforestation; soil erosion" );; line 37174 (wfb::source-text environment fiji natural_hazards "cyclonic storms can occur from November to January" );; line 37176 (wfb::source-text environment fiji international_agreements "party to - Biodiversity, Climate Change, Law of the Sea, Marine Life Conservation, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Tropical Timber 94" );; line 37178 (wfb::source-text note fiji "includes 332 islands of which approximately 110 are inhabited" );; line 37184 (wfb::source-text population fiji "772,891 (July 1995 est.)" );; line 37190 (wfb::source-text age_structure fiji 0-14_years "36% (female 136,570; male 142,581)" );; line 37195 (wfb::source-text age_structure fiji 15-64_years "61% (female 235,491; male 235,411)" );; line 37197 (wfb::source-text age_structure fiji 65_years_and_over "3% (female 11,943; male 10,895) (July 1995 est.)" );; line 37199 (wfb::source-text population_growth_rate fiji "1.16% (1995 est.)" );; line 37203 (wfb::source-text birth_rate fiji "23.69 births/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 37207 (wfb::source-text death_rate fiji "6.42 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 37211 (wfb::source-text net_migration_rate fiji "-5.67 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 37215 (wfb::source-text infant_mortality_rate fiji "17.7 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.)" );; line 37219 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth fiji total_population "65.42 years" );; line 37224 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth fiji male "63.13 years" );; line 37226 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth fiji female "67.82 years (1995 est.)" );; line 37228 (wfb::source-text total_fertility_rate fiji "2.87 children born/woman (1995 est.)" );; line 37232 (wfb::source-text nationality fiji noun "Fijian(s)" );; line 37237 (wfb::source-text nationality fiji adjective "Fijian" );; line 37239 (wfb::source-text ethnic-entity fiji "Fijian 49%, Indian 46%, European, other Pacific Islanders, overseas Chinese, and other 5%" );; line 37243 (wfb::source-text religion fiji "Christian 52% (Methodist 37%, Roman Catholic 9%), Hindu 38%, Muslim 8%, other 2%" );; line 37248 (wfb::source-text language fiji "English (official), Fijian, Hindustani" );; line 37256 (wfb::source-text literacy fiji "age 15 and over can read and write (1986)" );; line 37260 (wfb::source-text literacy fiji total_population "87%" );; line 37262 (wfb::source-text literacy fiji male "90%" );; line 37264 (wfb::source-text literacy fiji female "84%" );; line 37266 (wfb::source-text total_labor_force fiji "235,000" );; line 37270 (wfb::source-text labor_force_by_occupation fiji by_occupation "subsistence agriculture 67%, wage earners 18%, salary earners 15% (1987)" );; line 37272 (wfb::source-text names fiji conventional_long_form "Republic of Fiji" );; line 37279 (wfb::source-text names fiji conventional_short_form "Fiji" );; line 37281 (wfb::source-text digraph fiji "FJ" );; line 37285 (wfb::source-text type fiji "republic" );; line 37289 (wfb::source-text capital fiji "Suva" );; line 37296 (wfb::source-text administrative_divisions fiji "4 divisions and 1 dependency*; Central, Eastern, Northern, Rotuma*, Western" );; line 37300 (wfb::source-text independence fiji "10 October 1970 (from UK)" );; line 37305 (wfb::source-text national_holiday fiji "Independence Day, 10 October (1970)" );; line 37309 (wfb::source-text constitution fiji "10 October 1970 (suspended 1 October 1987); a new Constitution was proposed on 23 September 1988 and promulgated on 25 July 1990; the 1990 Constitution is under review; the review is scheduled to be complete by 1997" );; line 37313 (wfb::source-text legal_system fiji "based on British system" );; line 37319 (wfb::source-text suffrage fiji "21 years of age; universal" );; line 37323 (wfb::source-text executive_branch fiji chief_of_state "President Ratu Sir Kamisese MARA (since 12 January 1994); First Vice President Ratu Sir Josaia TAIVAIQIA (since 12 January 1994); Second Vice President Ratu Inoke TAKIVEIKATA (since 12 January 1994); note - President GANILAU died on 15 December 1993 and Vice President MARA became acting president; MARA was elected president by the Great Council of Chiefs on 12 January 1994" );; line 37328 (wfb::source-text executive_branch fiji head_of_government "Prime Minister Sitiveni RABUKA (since 2 June 1992)" );; line 37335 (wfb::source-text executive_branch fiji presidential_council "appointed by the governor general" );; line 37337 (wfb::source-text executive_branch fiji great_council_of_chiefs "highest ranking members of the traditional chiefly system" );; line 37339 (wfb::source-text executive_branch fiji cabinet "Cabinet; appointed by prime minister from members of Parliament and responsible to Parliament" );; line 37341 (wfb::source-text legislative_structure fiji "the bicameral Parliament was dissolved following the coup of 14 May 1987" );; line 37346 (wfb::source-text legislative_branch fiji senate "nonelective body containing 34 seats, 24 reserved for ethnic Fijians, 9 for Indians and others, 1 for the island of Rotuma; appointed by President" );; line 37349 (wfb::source-text legislative_branch fiji house_of_representatives "elections last held 18-25 February 1994 (next to be held NA 1999); results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (70 total, with ethnic Fijians allocated 37 seats, ethnic Indians 27 seats, and independents and other 6 seats) number of seats by party SVT 31, NFP 20, FLP 7, FA 5, GVP 4, independents 2, ANC 1" );; line 37353 (wfb::source-text judicial_branch fiji "Supreme Court" );; line 37361 (wfb::source-text political_parties_and_leaders fiji "Fijian Political Party (SVT - primarily Fijian), leader Maj. Gen. Sitivini RABUKA; National Federation Party (NFP; primarily Indian), Jai Ram REDDY; Fijian Nationalist Party (FNP), Sakeasi BUTADROKA; Fiji Labor Party (FLP), Mahendra CHAUDHRY; General Voters Party (GVP), Bill SORBY; Fiji Conservative Party (FCP), Isireli VUIBAU; Conservative Party of Fiji (CPF), Jolale ULUDOLE and Viliame SAVU; Fiji Indian Liberal Party, Swami MAHARAJ; Fiji Indian Congress Party, Ishwari BAJPAI; Fiji Independent Labor (Muslim), leader NA; Four Corners Party, David TULVANUAVOU; Fijian Association (FA), leader NA; General Electors' Association, leader NA" );; line 37365 (wfb::source-text member_of fiji "ACP, AsDB, CP, ESCAP, FAO, G-77, GATT, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, ITU, PCA, SPARTECA, SPC, SPF, UN, UNAMIR, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNIFIL, UNIKOM, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO" );; line 37386 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us fiji chief_of_mission "Ambassador Pita Kewa NACUVA" );; line 37394 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us fiji chancery "Suite 240, 2233 Wisconsin Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20007" );; line 37396 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us fiji telephone "[1] (202) 337-8320" );; line 37398 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us fiji fax "[1] (202) 337-1996" );; line 37400 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us fiji |consulate(s)| "New York" );; line 37402 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation fiji chief_of_mission "(vacant); Charge d'Affaires Michael W. MARINE" );; line 37407 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation fiji embassy "31 Loftus Street, Suva" );; line 37409 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation fiji mailing_address "P. O. Box 218, Suva" );; line 37411 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation fiji telephone "[679] 314466" );; line 37413 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation fiji fax "[679] 300081" );; line 37415 (wfb::source-text flag fiji "light blue with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side quadrant and the Fijian shield centered on the outer half of the flag; the shield depicts a yellow lion above a white field quartered by the cross of Saint George featuring stalks of sugarcane, a palm tree, bananas, and a white dove" );; line 37419 (wfb::source-text overview fiji "Fiji's economy is primarily agricultural, with a large subsistence sector. Sugar exports and tourism are the major sources of foreign exchange. Industry contributes 13% to GDP, with sugar processing accounting for one-third of industrial activity. Roughly 250,000 tourists visit each year. Political uncertainty and drought, however, contribute to substantial fluctuations in earnings from tourism and sugar and to the emigration of skilled workers. In 1992, growth was approximately 3%, based on growth in tourism and a lessening of labor-management disputes in the sugar and gold-mining sectors. In 1993, the government's budgeted growth rate of 3% was not achieved because of a decline in non-sugar agricultural output and damage from Cyclone Kina. Growth in 1994 is estimated to be 5%, largely attributed to increased tourism and expansion in domestic production, particularly in the manufacturing sector." );; line 37428 (wfb::source-text national_product fiji "GDP - purchasing power parity - $4.3 billion (1994 est.)" );; line 37444 (wfb::source-text national_product_real_growth_rate fiji "5% (1994 est.)" );; line 37448 (wfb::source-text national_product_per_capita fiji "$5,650 (1994 est.)" );; line 37452 (wfb::source-text |Inflation rate (consumer prices)| fiji "1.5% (1994)" );; line 37456 (wfb::source-text unemployment_rate fiji "5.4% (1992)" );; line 37460 (wfb::source-text budget fiji revenues "$485 million" );; line 37465 (wfb::source-text budget fiji expenditures "$579 million, including capital expenditures of $58 million (1994)" );; line 37467 (wfb::source-text exports fiji "$405 million (f.o.b., 1993)" );; line 37472 (wfb::source-text exports fiji commodities "sugar 40%, clothing, gold, processed fish, lumber" );; line 37474 (wfb::source-text exports fiji partners "EC 26%, Australia 15%, Pacific Islands 11%, Japan 6%" );; line 37476 (wfb::source-text imports fiji "$634 million (c.i.f., 1993)" );; line 37480 (wfb::source-text imports fiji commodities "machinery and transport equipment, petroleum products, food, consumer goods, chemicals" );; line 37482 (wfb::source-text imports fiji partners "Australia 30%, NZ 17%, Japan 13%, EC 6%, US 6%" );; line 37485 (wfb::source-text external_debt fiji "$670 million (1994 est.)" );; line 37489 (wfb::source-text industrial_production fiji "growth rate 0% (1993 est.); accounts for 13% of GDP" );; line 37493 (wfb::source-text electricity fiji capacity "200,000 kW" );; line 37498 (wfb::source-text electricity fiji production "480 million kWh" );; line 37500 (wfb::source-text electricity fiji consumption_per_capita "581 kWh (1993)" );; line 37502 (wfb::source-text industry fiji "sugar, tourism, copra, gold, silver, clothing, lumber, small cottage industries" );; line 37506 (wfb::source-text agriculture fiji "accounts for 23% of GDP; principal cash crop is sugarcane; coconuts, cassava, rice, sweet potatoes, bananas; small livestock sector includes cattle, pigs, horses, and goats; fish catch nearly 33,000 tons (1989)" );; line 37511 (wfb::source-text economic_aid fiji recipient "Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1980-89), $815 million" );; line 37518 (wfb::source-text currency fiji "1 Fijian dollar (F$) = 100 cents" );; line 37523 (wfb::source-text exchange_rates fiji "Fijian dollars (F$) per US$1 - 1.4140 (January 1995), 1.4641 (1994), 1.5418 (1993), 1.5030 (1992), 1.4756 (1991), 1.4809 (1990)" );; line 37527 (wfb::source-text fiscal_year fiji "calendar year" );; line 37532 (wfb::source-text railroads fiji total "644 km; note - belongs to the government owned Fiji Sugar Corporation" );; line 37538 (wfb::source-text railroads fiji narrow_gauge "644 km 0.610-m gauge" );; line 37541 (wfb::source-text highways fiji total "3,300 km" );; line 37546 (wfb::source-text highways fiji paved "1,590 km" );; line 37548 (wfb::source-text highways fiji unpaved "gravel, crushed stone, stabilized earth 1,290 km; unimproved earth 420 km (1984)" );; line 37550 (wfb::source-text inland_waterways fiji "203 km; 122 km navigable by motorized craft and 200-metric-ton barges" );; line 37555 (wfb::source-text port fiji "Labasa, Lautoka, Levuka, Savusavu, Suva" );; line 37560 (wfb::source-text merchant_marine fiji total "5 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 16,267 GRT/17,884 DWT" );; line 37565 (wfb::source-text merchant_marine fiji ships_by_type "chemical tanker 2, oil tanker 1, roll-on/roll-off cargo 2" );; line 37567 (wfb::source-text airports fiji total "23" );; line 37572 (wfb::source-text airports fiji |with paved runways over 3,047 m| "1" );; line 37574 (wfb::source-text airports fiji |with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m| "1" );; line 37576 (wfb::source-text airports fiji |with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m| "1" );; line 37578 (wfb::source-text airports fiji with_paved_runways_under_914_m "16" );; line 37580 (wfb::source-text airports fiji |with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m| "4" );; line 37582 (wfb::source-text telephone_system fiji "53,228 telephones; 71 telephones/1,000 persons; modern local, interisland, and international (wire/radio integrated) public and special-purpose telephone, telegraph, and teleprinter facilities; regional radio center" );; line 37587 (wfb::source-text telephone_system fiji local "NA" );; line 37591 (wfb::source-text telephone_system fiji intercity "NA" );; line 37593 (wfb::source-text telephone_system fiji international "important COMPAC cable link between US-Canada and NZ-Australia; 1 INTELSAT (Pacific Ocean) earth station" );; line 37595 (wfb::source-text radio fiji broadcast_stations "AM 7, FM 1, shortwave 0" );; line 37601 (wfb::source-text radio fiji radios "NA" );; line 37603 (wfb::source-text television fiji broadcast_stations "0" );; line 37608 (wfb::source-text television fiji televisions "NA" );; line 37610 (wfb::source-text defense_branch fiji "Republic of Fiji Military Forces (RFMF; includes army, navy, and air elements)" );; line 37616 (wfb::source-text manpower_availability fiji "males age 15-49 201,441; males fit for military service 111,046; males reach military age (18) annually 8,466 (1995 est.)" );; line 37621 (wfb::source-text defense_expenditures fiji "exchange rate conversion - $22.4 million, about 2% of GDP (FY91/92)" );; line 37626 (wfb::source-text location finland "Northern Europe, bordering the Baltic Sea, Gulf of Bothnia, and Gulf of Finland, between Sweden and Russia" );; line 37637 (wfb::source-text map_references finland "Europe" );; line 37642 (wfb::source-text area finland total_area "337,030 sq km" );; line 37647 (wfb::source-text area finland land_area "305,470 sq km" );; line 37649 (wfb::source-text area finland comparative_area "slightly smaller than Montana" );; line 37651 (wfb::source-text borders finland "total 2,628 km, Norway 729 km, Sweden 586 km, Russia 1,313 km" );; line 37655 (wfb::source-text coastline finland "1,126 km (excludes islands and coastal indentations)" );; line 37659 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims finland contiguous_zone "6 nm" );; line 37664 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims finland continental_shelf "200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation" );; line 37666 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims finland exclusive_fishing_zone "12 nm" );; line 37668 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims finland territorial_sea "4 nm" );; line 37670 (wfb::source-text international_disputes finland "none" );; line 37674 (wfb::source-text climate finland "cold temperate; potentially subarctic, but comparatively mild because of moderating influence of the North Atlantic Current, Baltic Sea, and more than 60,000 lakes" );; line 37678 (wfb::source-text terrain finland "mostly low, flat to rolling plains interspersed with lakes and low hills" );; line 37684 (wfb::source-text natural-resource finland "timber, copper, zinc, iron ore, silver" );; line 37689 (wfb::source-text land_use finland arable_land "8%" );; line 37694 (wfb::source-text land_use finland permanent_crops "0%" );; line 37696 (wfb::source-text land_use finland meadows_and_pastures "0%" );; line 37698 (wfb::source-text land_use finland forest_and_woodland "76%" );; line 37700 (wfb::source-text land_use finland other "16%" );; line 37702 (wfb::source-text irrigated_land finland "620 sq km (1989 est.)" );; line 37706 (wfb::source-text environment finland current_issues "air pollution from manufacturing and power plants contributing to acid rain; water pollution from industrial wastes, agricultural chemicals; habitat loss threatens wildlife populations" );; line 37711 (wfb::source-text environment finland natural_hazards "NA" );; line 37715 (wfb::source-text environment finland international_agreements "party to - Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Sulphur 85, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Wetlands, Whaling; signed, but not ratified - Air Pollution-Sulphur 94, Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Desertification, Law of the Sea" );; line 37717 (wfb::source-text note finland "long boundary with Russia; Helsinki is northernmost national capital on European continent; population concentrated on small southwestern coastal plain" );; line 37727 (wfb::source-text population finland "5,085,206 (July 1995 est.)" );; line 37735 (wfb::source-text age_structure finland 0-14_years "19% (female 469,666; male 491,484)" );; line 37740 (wfb::source-text age_structure finland 15-64_years "67% (female 1,683,371; male 1,716,307)" );; line 37742 (wfb::source-text age_structure finland 65_years_and_over "14% (female 457,061; male 267,317) (July 1995 est.)" );; line 37744 (wfb::source-text population_growth_rate finland "0.3% (1995 est.)" );; line 37748 (wfb::source-text birth_rate finland "12.22 births/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 37752 (wfb::source-text death_rate finland "9.77 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 37756 (wfb::source-text net_migration_rate finland "0.59 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 37760 (wfb::source-text infant_mortality_rate finland "5.2 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.)" );; line 37764 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth finland total_population "76.22 years" );; line 37769 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth finland male "72.51 years" );; line 37771 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth finland female "80.11 years (1995 est.)" );; line 37773 (wfb::source-text total_fertility_rate finland "1.79 children born/woman (1995 est.)" );; line 37777 (wfb::source-text nationality finland noun "Finn(s)" );; line 37782 (wfb::source-text nationality finland adjective "Finnish" );; line 37784 (wfb::source-text ethnic-entity finland "Finn, Swede, Lapp, Gypsy, Tatar" );; line 37788 (wfb::source-text religion finland "Evangelical Lutheran 89%, Greek Orthodox 1%, none 9%, other 1%" );; line 37792 (wfb::source-text language finland "Finnish 93.5% (official), Swedish 6.3% (official), small Lapp- and Russian-speaking minorities" );; line 37796 (wfb::source-text literacy finland "age 15 and over can read and write (1980 est.)" );; line 37801 (wfb::source-text literacy finland total_population "100%" );; line 37803 (wfb::source-text total_labor_force finland "2.533 million" );; line 37807 (wfb::source-text labor_force_by_occupation finland by_occupation "public services 30.4%, industry 20.9%, commerce 15.0%, finance, insurance, and business services 10.2%, agriculture and forestry 8.6%, transport and communications 7.7%, construction 7.2%" );; line 37809 (wfb::source-text names finland conventional_long_form "Republic of Finland" );; line 37817 (wfb::source-text names finland conventional_short_form "Finland" );; line 37819 (wfb::source-text names finland local_long_form "Suomen Tasavalta" );; line 37821 (wfb::source-text names finland local_short_form "Suomi" );; line 37823 (wfb::source-text digraph finland "FI" );; line 37827 (wfb::source-text type finland "republic" );; line 37831 (wfb::source-text capital finland "Helsinki" );; line 37835 (wfb::source-text administrative_divisions finland "12 provinces (laanit, singular - laani); Ahvenanmaa, Hame, Keski-Suomi, Kuopio, Kymi, Lappi, Mikkeli, Oulu, Pohjois-Karjala, Turku ja Pori, Uusimaa, Vaasa" );; line 37839 (wfb::source-text independence finland "6 December 1917 (from Soviet Union)" );; line 37845 (wfb::source-text national_holiday finland "Independence Day, 6 December (1917)" );; line 37849 (wfb::source-text constitution finland "17 July 1919" );; line 37853 (wfb::source-text legal_system finland "civil law system based on Swedish law; Supreme Court may request legislation interpreting or modifying laws; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations" );; line 37857 (wfb::source-text suffrage finland "18 years of age; universal" );; line 37863 (wfb::source-text executive_branch finland chief_of_state "President Martti AHTISAARI (since 1 March 1994); election last held 31 January-6 February 1994 (next to be held January 2000); results - Martti AHTISAARI 54%, Elisabeth REHN 46%" );; line 37868 (wfb::source-text executive_branch finland head_of_government "Prime Minister Paavo LIPPONEN (since 13 April 1995); Deputy Prime Minister Sauli NIINISTO (since 13 April 1995)" );; line 37872 (wfb::source-text executive_branch finland cabinet "Council of State (Valtioneuvosto); appointed by the president, responsible to Parliament" );; line 37875 (wfb::source-text legislative_structure finland "unicameral" );; line 37880 (wfb::source-text legislative_branch finland |Parliament (Eduskunta)| "elections last held 19 March 1995 (next to be held March 1999); results - Social Democratic Party 28.3%, Center Party 19.9%, National Coalition (Conservative) Party 17.9%, Leftist Alliance (Communist) 11.2%, Swedish People's Party 5.1%, Green League 6.5%, Ecology Party 0.3%, Rural 1.3%, Finnish Christian League 3.0%, Liberal People's Party 0.6%, Young Finns 2.8%; seats - (200 total) Social Democratic Party 63, Center Party 44, National Coalition (Conservative) Party 39, Leftist Alliance (Communist) 22, Swedish People's Party 11, Green League 9, Ecology Party 1, Rural 1, Finnish Christian League 7, Young Finns 2, Aaland Islands 1" );; line 37882 (wfb::source-text judicial_branch finland "Supreme Court (Korkein Oikeus)" );; line 37894 (wfb::source-text political_parties_and_leaders finland government_coalition "Social Democratic Party, Paavo LIPPONEN; National Coalition (conservative) Party, Sauli NIINISTO; Leftist Alliance (Communist) People's Democratic League and Democratic Alternative, Claes ANDERSON; Swedish People's Party, (Johan) Ole NORRBACK; Green League, Pekka HAAVISTO" );; line 37899 (wfb::source-text political_parties_and_leaders finland other "Center Party, Esko AHO; Finnish Christian League, Toimi KANKAANNIEMI; Rural Party, Tina MAKELA; Liberal People's Party, Tuulikki UKKOLA; Greens Ecological Party (EPV); Young Finns" );; line 37904 (wfb::source-text other_political_or_pressure_groups finland "Finnish Communist Party-Unity, Yrjo HAKANEN; Constitutional Rightist Party; Finnish Pensioners Party; Communist Workers Party, Timo LAHDENMAKI" );; line 37910 (wfb::source-text member_of finland "AfDB, AG (observer), AsDB, Australia Group, BIS, CBSS, CCC, CE, CERN, EBRD, ECE, EFTA, ESA (associate), EU, FAO, G- 9, GATT, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, INMARSAT, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, MTCR, NACC (observer), NAM (guest), NC, NEA, NIB, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OSCE, PCA, PFP, UN, UNCTAD, UNDOF, UNESCO, UNFICYP, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIFIL, UNIKOM, UNMOGIP, UNPROFOR, UNTSO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC" );; line 37916 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us finland chief_of_mission "Ambassador Jukka VALTASAARI" );; line 37927 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us finland chancery "3301 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008" );; line 37929 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us finland telephone "[1] (202) 298-5800" );; line 37931 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us finland fax "[1] (202) 298-6030" );; line 37933 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us finland |consulate(s) general| "Los Angeles and New York" );; line 37935 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation finland chief_of_mission "Ambassador Derek N. SHEARER" );; line 37940 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation finland embassy "Itainen Puistotie 14A, FIN-00140, Helsinki" );; line 37942 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation finland mailing_address "APO AE 09723" );; line 37944 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation finland telephone "[358] (0) 171931" );; line 37946 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation finland fax "[358] (0) 174681" );; line 37948 (wfb::source-text flag finland "white with a blue cross that extends to the edges of the flag; the vertical part of the cross is shifted to the hoist side in the style of the DANNEBROG (Danish flag)" );; line 37952 (wfb::source-text overview finland "Finland has a highly industrialized, largely free market economy, with per capita output two-thirds of the US figure. Its key economic sector is manufacturing - principally the wood, metals, and engineering industries. Trade is important, with the export of goods representing about 30% of GDP. Except for timber and several minerals, Finland depends on imports of raw materials, energy, and some components for manufactured goods. Because of the climate, agricultural development is limited to maintaining self-sufficiency in basic products. Forestry, an important export earner, provides a secondary occupation for the rural population. The economy, which experienced an average of 4.9% annual growth between 1987 and 1989, sank into deep recession in 1991 as GDP contracted by 6.5%. The recession - which continued in 1992 with GDP contracting by 4.1% - has been caused by economic overheating, depressed foreign markets, and the dismantling of the barter system between Finland and the former Soviet Union under which Soviet oil and gas had been exchanged for Finnish manufactured goods. The Finnish Government has proposed efforts to increase industrial competitiveness and efficiency by an increase in exports to Western markets, cuts in public expenditures, partial privatization of state enterprises, and changes in monetary policy. In June 1991 Helsinki had tied the markka to the European Union's (EU) European Currency Unit (ECU) to promote stability. Ongoing speculation resulting from a lack of confidence in the government's policies forced Helsinki to devalue the markka by about 12% in November 1991 and to indefinitely break the link in September 1992. The devaluations have boosted the competitiveness of Finnish exports. The recession bottomed out in 1993, and Finland participated in the general European upturn of 1994. Unemployment probably will remain a serious problem during the next few years; the majority of Finnish firms face a weak domestic market and the troubled German and Swedish export markets. The Finns voted in an October 1994 referendum to enter the EU, and Finland officially joined the Union on 1 January 1995. Increasing integration with Western Europe will dominate the economic picture over the next few years." );; line 37959 (wfb::source-text national_product finland "GDP - purchasing power parity - $81.8 billion (1994 est.)" );; line 37992 (wfb::source-text national_product_real_growth_rate finland "3.5% (1994 est.)" );; line 37996 (wfb::source-text national_product_per_capita finland "$16,140 (1994 est.)" );; line 38000 (wfb::source-text |Inflation rate (consumer prices)| finland "2.1% (1992)" );; line 38004 (wfb::source-text unemployment_rate finland "22% (1993)" );; line 38008 (wfb::source-text budget finland revenues "$21.7 billion" );; line 38013 (wfb::source-text budget finland expenditures "$31.7 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA (1993 est.)" );; line 38015 (wfb::source-text exports finland "$23.4 billion (f.o.b., 1993)" );; line 38019 (wfb::source-text exports finland commodities "paper and pulp, machinery, chemicals, metals, timber" );; line 38021 (wfb::source-text exports finland partners "EC 53.2% (Germany 15.6%, UK 10.7%), EFTA 19.5% (Sweden 12.8%), US 5.9%, Japan 1.3%, Russia 2.8% (1992)" );; line 38023 (wfb::source-text imports finland "$18 billion (c.i.f., 1993)" );; line 38028 (wfb::source-text imports finland commodities "foodstuffs, petroleum and petroleum products, chemicals, transport equipment, iron and steel, machinery, textile yarn and fabrics, fodder grains" );; line 38030 (wfb::source-text imports finland partners "EC 47.2% (Germany 16.9%, UK 8.7%), EFTA 19.0% (Sweden 11.7%), US 6.1%, Japan 5.5%, Russia 7.1% (1992)" );; line 38034 (wfb::source-text external_debt finland "$30 billion (December 1993)" );; line 38039 (wfb::source-text industrial_production finland "growth rate 5% (1993 est.); accounts for 28% of GDP" );; line 38043 (wfb::source-text electricity finland capacity "13,360,000 kW" );; line 38048 (wfb::source-text electricity finland production "58 billion kWh" );; line 38050 (wfb::source-text electricity finland consumption_per_capita "12,196 kWh (1993)" );; line 38052 (wfb::source-text industry finland "metal products, shipbuilding, forestry and wood processing (pulp, paper), copper refining, foodstuffs, chemicals, textiles, clothing" );; line 38056 (wfb::source-text agriculture finland "accounts for 7% of GDP (including forestry); livestock production, especially dairy cattle, predominates; main crops - cereals, sugar beets, potatoes; 85% self-sufficient, but short of foodgrains and fodder grains; annual fish catch about 160,000 metric tons" );; line 38061 (wfb::source-text illicit_drugs finland "transshipment point for Latin American cocaine for the West European market" );; line 38068 (wfb::source-text economic_aid finland donor "ODA and OOF commitments (1970-89), $2.7 billion" );; line 38074 (wfb::source-text currency finland "1 markka (FMk) or Finmark = 100 pennia" );; line 38078 (wfb::source-text exchange_rates finland "markkaa (FMk) per US$1 - 4.7358 (January 1995), 5.2235 (1994), 5.7123 (1993), 4.4794 (1992), 4.0440 (1991), 3.8235 (1990)" );; line 38082 (wfb::source-text fiscal_year finland "calendar year" );; line 38087 (wfb::source-text railroads finland total "5,864 km" );; line 38093 (wfb::source-text railroads finland broad_gauge "5,864 km 1.524-m gauge (1,710 km electrified; 480 km multiple track)" );; line 38095 (wfb::source-text highways finland total "76,755 km" );; line 38101 (wfb::source-text highways finland paved "bituminous concrete, bituminous treated soil 47,588 km (318 km of expressways)" );; line 38103 (wfb::source-text highways finland unpaved "gravel 29,167 km (1992)" );; line 38106 (wfb::source-text inland_waterways finland "6,675 km total (including Saimaa Canal); 3,700 km suitable for steamers" );; line 38110 (wfb::source-text pipelines finland "natural gas 580 km" );; line 38115 (wfb::source-text port finland "Hamina, Helsinki, Kokkola, Kotka, Loviisa, Oulu, Pori, Rauma, Turku, Uusikaupunki, Varkaus" );; line 38119 (wfb::source-text merchant_marine finland total "93 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 1,050,270 GRT/1,080,150 DWT" );; line 38125 (wfb::source-text merchant_marine finland ships_by_type "bulk 7, cargo 20, chemical tanker 5, liquefied gas tanker 3, oil tanker 12, passenger 3, refrigerated cargo 1, roll-on/roll-off cargo 31, short-sea passenger 10, vehicle carrier 1" );; line 38127 (wfb::source-text airports finland total "159" );; line 38134 (wfb::source-text airports finland |with paved runways over 3,047 m| "3" );; line 38136 (wfb::source-text airports finland |with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m| "23" );; line 38138 (wfb::source-text airports finland |with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m| "13" );; line 38140 (wfb::source-text airports finland |with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m| "21" );; line 38142 (wfb::source-text airports finland with_paved_runways_under_914_m "94" );; line 38144 (wfb::source-text airports finland |with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m| "5" );; line 38146 (wfb::source-text telephone_system finland "3,140,000 telephones; good service from cable and microwave radio relay network" );; line 38151 (wfb::source-text telephone_system finland local "NA" );; line 38154 (wfb::source-text telephone_system finland intercity "cable and microwave radio relay" );; line 38156 (wfb::source-text telephone_system finland international "1 submarine cable; INTELSAT satellite transmission service via Swedish earth station and a receive-only INTELSAT earth station near Helsinki for TV programs" );; line 38158 (wfb::source-text radio finland broadcast_stations "AM 6, FM 105, shortwave 0" );; line 38165 (wfb::source-text radio finland radios "NA" );; line 38167 (wfb::source-text television finland broadcast_stations "235" );; line 38172 (wfb::source-text television finland televisions "NA" );; line 38174 (wfb::source-text defense_branch finland "Army, Navy, Air Force, Frontier Guard (includes Sea Guard)" );; line 38180 (wfb::source-text manpower_availability finland "males age 15-49 1,318,231; males fit for military service 1,083,749; males reach military age (17) annually 33,085 (1995 est.)" );; line 38184 (wfb::source-text defense_expenditures finland "exchange rate conversion - $1.86 billion, about 1.9% of GDP (1994)" );; line 38189 (wfb::source-text location france "Western Europe, bordering the Bay of Biscay and English Channel, between Belgium and Spain southeast of the UK; bordering the Mediterranean Sea, between Italy and Spain" );; line 38200 (wfb::source-text map_references france "Europe" );; line 38206 (wfb::source-text area france total_area "547,030 sq km" );; line 38211 (wfb::source-text area france land_area "545,630 sq km" );; line 38213 (wfb::source-text area france comparative_area "slightly more than twice the size of Colorado" );; line 38215 (wfb::source-text borders france "total 2,892.4 km, Andorra 60 km, Belgium 620 km, Germany 451 km, Italy 488 km, Luxembourg 73 km, Monaco 4.4 km, Spain 623 km, Switzerland 573 km" );; line 38222 (wfb::source-text coastline france "3,427 km (mainland 2,783 km, Corsica 644 km)" );; line 38228 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims france contiguous_zone "24 nm" );; line 38233 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims france continental_shelf "200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation" );; line 38235 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims france exclusive_economic_zone "200 nm" );; line 38237 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims france territorial_sea "12 nm" );; line 38239 (wfb::source-text international_disputes france "Madagascar claims Bassas da India, Europa Island, Glorioso Islands, Juan de Nova Island, and Tromelin Island; Comoros claims Mayotte; Mauritius claims Tromelin Island; Seychelles claims Tromelin Island; Suriname claims part of French Guiana; Mexico claims Clipperton Island; territorial claim in Antarctica (Adelie Land); Saint Pierre and Miquelon is focus of maritime boundary dispute between Canada and France" );; line 38243 (wfb::source-text climate france "generally cool winters and mild summers, but mild winters and hot summers along the Mediterranean" );; line 38252 (wfb::source-text terrain france "mostly flat plains or gently rolling hills in north and west; remainder is mountainous, especially Pyrenees in south, Alps in east" );; line 38257 (wfb::source-text natural-resource france "coal, iron ore, bauxite, fish, timber, zinc, potash" );; line 38262 (wfb::source-text land_use france arable_land "32%" );; line 38267 (wfb::source-text land_use france permanent_crops "2%" );; line 38269 (wfb::source-text land_use france meadows_and_pastures "23%" );; line 38271 (wfb::source-text land_use france forest_and_woodland "27%" );; line 38273 (wfb::source-text land_use france other "16%" );; line 38275 (wfb::source-text irrigated_land france "11,600 sq km (1989 est.)" );; line 38279 (wfb::source-text environment france current_issues "some forest damage from acid rain; air pollution from industrial and vehicle emissions; water pollution from urban wastes, agricultural runoff" );; line 38284 (wfb::source-text environment france natural_hazards "flooding" );; line 38288 (wfb::source-text environment france international_agreements "party to - Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Sulphur 85, Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Wetlands, Whaling; signed, but not ratified - Air Pollution-Sulphur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Desertification, Law of the Sea" );; line 38290 (wfb::source-text note france "largest West European nation; occasional warm tropical wind known as mistral" );; line 38299 (wfb::source-text population france "58,109,160 (July 1995 est.)" );; line 38306 (wfb::source-text age_structure france 0-14_years "19% (female 5,438,447; male 5,700,143)" );; line 38311 (wfb::source-text age_structure france 15-64_years "65% (female 18,889,771; male 19,001,536)" );; line 38313 (wfb::source-text age_structure france 65_years_and_over "16% (female 5,433,276; male 3,645,987) (July 1995 est.)" );; line 38315 (wfb::source-text population_growth_rate france "0.46% (1995 est.)" );; line 38319 (wfb::source-text birth_rate france "13 births/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 38323 (wfb::source-text death_rate france "9.29 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 38327 (wfb::source-text net_migration_rate france "0.86 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 38331 (wfb::source-text infant_mortality_rate france "6.5 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.)" );; line 38335 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth france total_population "78.37 years" );; line 38340 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth france male "74.5 years" );; line 38342 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth france female "82.44 years (1995 est.)" );; line 38344 (wfb::source-text total_fertility_rate france "1.8 children born/woman (1995 est.)" );; line 38348 (wfb::source-text nationality france noun "Frenchman(men), Frenchwoman(women)" );; line 38353 (wfb::source-text nationality france adjective "French" );; line 38355 (wfb::source-text ethnic-entity france "Celtic and Latin with Teutonic, Slavic, North African, Indochinese, Basque minorities" );; line 38359 (wfb::source-text religion france "Roman Catholic 90%, Protestant 2%, Jewish 1%, Muslim (North African workers) 1%, unaffiliated 6%" );; line 38364 (wfb::source-text language france "French 100%, rapidly declining regional dialects and languages (Provencal, Breton, Alsatian, Corsican, Catalan, Basque, Flemish)" );; line 38369 (wfb::source-text literacy france "age 15 and over can read and write (1991 est.)" );; line 38374 (wfb::source-text literacy france total_population "99%" );; line 38376 (wfb::source-text total_labor_force france "24.17 million" );; line 38380 (wfb::source-text labor_force_by_occupation france by_occupation "services 61.5%, industry 31.3%, agriculture 7.2% (1987)" );; line 38382 (wfb::source-text names france conventional_long_form "French Republic" );; line 38388 (wfb::source-text names france conventional_short_form "France" );; line 38390 (wfb::source-text names france local_long_form "Republique Francaise" );; line 38392 (wfb::source-text names france local_short_form "France" );; line 38394 (wfb::source-text digraph france "FR" );; line 38398 (wfb::source-text type france "republic" );; line 38402 (wfb::source-text capital france "Paris" );; line 38406 (wfb::source-text administrative_divisions france "22 regions (regions, singular - region); Alsace, Aquitaine, Auvergne, Basse-Normandie, Bourgogne, Bretagne, Centre, Champagne-Ardenne, Corse, Franche-Comte, Haute-Normandie, Ile-de-France, Languedoc-Roussillon, Limousin, Lorraine, Midi-Pyrenees, Nord-Pas-de-Calais, Pays de la Loire, Picardie, Poitou-Charentes, Provence-Alpes-Cote d'Azur, Rhone-Alpes" );; line 38410 (wfb::source-text dependent_areas france "Bassas da India, Clipperton Island, Europa Island, French Polynesia, French Southern and Antarctic Lands, Glorioso Islands, Juan de Nova Island, New Caledonia, Tromelin Island, Wallis and Futuna" );; line 38423 (wfb::source-text independence france "486 (unified by Clovis)" );; line 38431 (wfb::source-text national_holiday france "National Day, Taking of the Bastille, 14 July (1789)" );; line 38435 (wfb::source-text constitution france "28 September 1958, amended concerning election of president in 1962, amended to comply with provisions of EC Maastricht Treaty in 1992; amended to tighten immigration laws 1993" );; line 38439 (wfb::source-text legal_system france "civil law system with indigenous concepts; review of administrative but not legislative acts" );; line 38445 (wfb::source-text suffrage france "18 years of age; universal" );; line 38450 (wfb::source-text executive_branch france chief_of_state "President Francois MITTERRAND (since 21 May 1981); election last held 8 May 1988 (next to be held by May 1995); results - Second Ballot Francois MITTERRAND 54%, Jacques CHIRAC 46%" );; line 38455 (wfb::source-text executive_branch france head_of_government "Prime Minister Edouard BALLADUR (since 29 March 1993)" );; line 38459 (wfb::source-text executive_branch france cabinet "Council of Ministers; appointed by the president on the suggestion of the prime minister" );; line 38461 (wfb::source-text legislative_structure france "bicameral Parliament (Parlement)" );; line 38466 (wfb::source-text legislative_branch france |Senate (Senat)| "elections last held 27 September 1992 (next to be held September 1995; nine-year term, elected by thirds every three years); results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (321 total; 296 metropolitan France, 13 for overseas departments and territories, and 12 for French nationals abroad) RPR 91, UDF 142, PS 66, PCF 16, independents 2, other 4" );; line 38468 (wfb::source-text legislative_branch france |National Assembly (Assemblee Nationale)| "elections last held 21 and 28 March 1993 (next to be held NA 1998); results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (577 total) RPR 247, UDF 213, PS 67, PCF 24, independents 26" );; line 38474 (wfb::source-text judicial_branch france "Constitutional Court (Cour Constitutionnelle)" );; line 38480 (wfb::source-text political_parties_and_leaders france "Rally for the Republic (RPR), Alain JUPPE, interim head; Union for French Democracy (UDF, coalition of PR, CDS, RAD, PSD), Valery Giscard d'ESTAING; Republican Party (PR), Gerard LONGUET; Center for Social Democrats (CDS), Francois BAYROU; Radical (RAD), Yves GALLAND; Socialist Party (PS), Henri EMMANUELLI; Left Radical Movement (MRG), Jean-Francois HORY; Communist Party (PCF), Robert HUE; National Front (FN), Jean-Marie LE PEN; The Greens, Antoine WAECHTER, Jean-Louis VIDAL, Guy CAMBOT; Generation Ecology (GE), Brice LALONDE" );; line 38484 (wfb::source-text other_political_or_pressure_groups france "Communist-controlled labor union (Confederation Generale du Travail - CGT) nearly 2.4 million members (claimed); Socialist-leaning labor union (Confederation Francaise Democratique du Travail or CFDT) about 800,000 members (est.); independent labor union (Force Ouvriere) 1 million members (est.); independent white-collar union (Confederation Generale des Cadres) 340,000 members (claimed); National Council of French Employers (Conseil National du Patronat Francais - CNPF or Patronat)" );; line 38495 (wfb::source-text member_of france "ACCT, AfDB, AG (observer), AsDB, Australia Group, BDEAC, BIS, CCC, CDB (non-regional), CE, CERN, EBRD, EC, ECA (associate), ECE, ECLAC, EIB, ESA, ESCAP, FAO, FZ, G- 5, G- 7, G-10, GATT, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, INMARSAT, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, MINURSO, MTCR, NACC, NATO, NEA, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, ONUSAL, OSCE, PCA, SPC, UN, UN Security Council, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIFIL, UNIKOM, UNITAR, UNMIH, UNPROFOR, UNRWA, UNTSO, UNU, UPU, WCL, WEU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC" );; line 38505 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us france chief_of_mission "Ambassador Jacques ANDREANI" );; line 38517 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us france chancery "4101 Reservoir Road NW, Washington, DC 20007" );; line 38519 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us france telephone "[1] (202) 944-6000" );; line 38521 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us france |consulate(s) general| "Atlanta, Boston, Chicago, Honolulu, Houston, Los Angeles, Miami, New Orleans, New York, San Francisco, and San Juan (Puerto Rico)" );; line 38523 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation france chief_of_mission "Ambassador Pamela C. HARRIMAN" );; line 38529 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation france embassy "2 Avenue Gabriel, 75382 Paris Cedex 08" );; line 38531 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation france mailing_address "Unit 21551, Paris; APO AE 09777" );; line 38533 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation france telephone "[33] (1) 42 96 12 02, 42 61 80 75" );; line 38535 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation france fax "[33] (1) 42 66 97 83" );; line 38537 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation france |consulate(s) general| "Bordeaux, Marseille, Strasbourg" );; line 38539 (wfb::source-text flag france "three equal vertical bands of blue (hoist side), white, and red; known as the French Tricouleur (Tricolor); the design and colors are similar to a number of other flags, including those of Belgium, Chad, Ireland, Cote d'Ivoire, and Luxembourg; the official flag for all French dependent areas" );; line 38543 (wfb::source-text overview france "One of the world's most highly developed economies, France has substantial agricultural resources and a diversified modern industrial sector. Large tracts of fertile land, the application of modern technology, and subsidies have combined to make it the leading agricultural producer in Western Europe. Largely self-sufficient in agricultural products, France is a major exporter of wheat and dairy products. The industrial sector generates about one-quarter of GDP, and the growing services sector has become crucial to the economy. Following stagnation and recession in 1991-93, French GDP in 1994 expanded 2.4%. Growth in 1995 is expected to be in the 3.0% to 3.5% range. Persistently high unemployment will still pose a major problem for the government. Paris remains committed to maintaining the franc-deutsche mark parity, which has kept French interest rates high despite France's low inflation. Although the pace of economic and financial integration within the European Union has slowed down, integration presumably will remain a major force shaping the fortunes of the various economic sectors over the next few years." );; line 38552 (wfb::source-text national_product france "GDP - purchasing power parity - $1.0801 trillion (1994 est.)" );; line 38570 (wfb::source-text national_product_real_growth_rate france "2.4% (1994 est.)" );; line 38574 (wfb::source-text national_product_per_capita france "$18,670 (1994 est.)" );; line 38578 (wfb::source-text |Inflation rate (consumer prices)| france "1.6% (1994)" );; line 38582 (wfb::source-text unemployment_rate france "12.6% (yearend 1994)" );; line 38586 (wfb::source-text budget france revenues "$220.5 billion" );; line 38591 (wfb::source-text budget france expenditures "$249.1 billion, including capital expenditures of $47 billion (1993 budget)" );; line 38593 (wfb::source-text exports france "$249.2 billion (f.o.b., 1994 est.)" );; line 38598 (wfb::source-text exports france commodities "machinery and transportation equipment, chemicals, foodstuffs, agricultural products, iron and steel products, textiles and clothing" );; line 38600 (wfb::source-text exports france partners "Germany 18.6%, Italy 11.0%, Spain 11.0%, Belgium-Luxembourg 9.1%, UK 8.8%, Netherlands 7.9%, US 6.4%, Japan 2.0%, FSU 0.7% (1991 est.)" );; line 38603 (wfb::source-text imports france "$238.1 billion (c.i.f., 1994 est.)" );; line 38608 (wfb::source-text imports france commodities "crude oil, machinery and equipment, agricultural products, chemicals, iron and steel products" );; line 38610 (wfb::source-text imports france partners "Germany 17.8%, Italy 10.9%, US 9.5%, Netherlands 8.9%, Spain 8.8%, Belgium-Luxembourg 8.5%, UK 7.5%, Japan 4.1%, FSU 1.3% (1991 est.)" );; line 38613 (wfb::source-text external_debt france "$300 billion (1993 est.)" );; line 38618 (wfb::source-text industrial_production france "growth rate 2.6% (1994 est.)" );; line 38622 (wfb::source-text electricity france capacity "105,250,000 kW" );; line 38627 (wfb::source-text electricity france production "447 billion kWh" );; line 38629 (wfb::source-text electricity france consumption_per_capita "6,149 kWh (1993)" );; line 38631 (wfb::source-text industry france "steel, machinery, chemicals, automobiles, metallurgy, aircraft, electronics, mining, textiles, food processing, tourism" );; line 38635 (wfb::source-text agriculture france "accounts for 4% of GDP (including fishing and forestry); one of the world's top five wheat producers; other principal products - beef, dairy products, cereals, sugar beets, potatoes, wine grapes; self-sufficient for most temperate-zone foods; shortages include fats and oils and tropical produce, but overall net exporter of farm products; fish catch of 850,000 metric tons ranks among world's top 20 countries and is all used domestically" );; line 38640 (wfb::source-text economic_aid france donor "ODA and OOF commitments (1970-89), $75.1 billion" );; line 38650 (wfb::source-text currency france "1 French franc (F) = 100 centimes" );; line 38654 (wfb::source-text exchange_rates france "French francs (F) per US$1 - 5.9243 (January 1995), 5.5520 (1994), 5.6632 (1993), 5.2938 (1992), 5.6421 (1991), 5.4453 (1990)" );; line 38658 (wfb::source-text fiscal_year france "calendar year" );; line 38663 (wfb::source-text railroads france total "34,074 km" );; line 38669 (wfb::source-text railroads france standard_gauge "33,975 km 1.435-m gauge (5,850 km electrified; 12,132 km double or multiple track)" );; line 38671 (wfb::source-text railroads france other "99 km various gauges including 1.000-m (privately owned and operated) (1994)" );; line 38674 (wfb::source-text highways france total "1,511,200 km" );; line 38680 (wfb::source-text highways france paved "811,200 km (including 7,700 km of controlled access divided highway)" );; line 38682 (wfb::source-text highways france unpaved "700,000 km (1992)" );; line 38685 (wfb::source-text inland_waterways france "14,932 km; 6,969 km heavily traveled" );; line 38689 (wfb::source-text pipelines france "crude oil 3,059 km; petroleum products 4,487 km; natural gas 24,746 km" );; line 38693 (wfb::source-text port france "Bordeaux, Boulogne, Cherbourg, Dijon, Dunkerque, La Pallice, Le Havre, Lyon, Marseille, Mullhouse, Nantes, Paris, Rouen, Saint Nazaire, Saint Malo, Strasbourg" );; line 38698 (wfb::source-text merchant_marine france total "78 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 2,186,183 GRT/3,323,068 DWT" );; line 38705 (wfb::source-text merchant_marine france ships_by_type "bulk 6, cargo 7, chemical tanker 6, container 15, liquefied gas tanker 4, oil tanker 21, passenger 1, roll-on/roll-off cargo 11, short-sea passenger 5, specialized tanker 2" );; line 38707 (wfb::source-text airports france total "476" );; line 38718 (wfb::source-text airports france |with paved runways over 3,047 m| "12" );; line 38720 (wfb::source-text airports france |with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m| "29" );; line 38722 (wfb::source-text airports france |with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m| "96" );; line 38724 (wfb::source-text airports france |with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m| "74" );; line 38726 (wfb::source-text airports france with_paved_runways_under_914_m "188" );; line 38728 (wfb::source-text airports france |with unpaved runways 1,524 to 2,438 m| "3" );; line 38730 (wfb::source-text airports france |with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m| "74" );; line 38732 (wfb::source-text telephone_system france "39,200,000 telephones; highly developed; extensive cable and microwave radio relay networks; large-scale introduction of optical-fiber systems; satellite systems for domestic traffic" );; line 38737 (wfb::source-text telephone_system france local "NA" );; line 38741 (wfb::source-text telephone_system france intercity "microwave radio relay, optical fiber cable, and domestic satellites" );; line 38743 (wfb::source-text telephone_system france international "2 INTELSAT earth stations (with total of 5 antennas - 2 Indian Ocean and 3 for Atlantic Ocean); HF radio communications with more than 20 countries; INMARSAT service; EUTELSAT TV service" );; line 38746 (wfb::source-text radio france broadcast_stations "AM 41, FM 800 (mostly repeaters), shortwave 0" );; line 38753 (wfb::source-text radio france radios "48 million" );; line 38755 (wfb::source-text television france broadcast_stations "846 (mostly repeaters)" );; line 38760 (wfb::source-text television france televisions "36 million" );; line 38762 (wfb::source-text defense_branch france "Army, Navy (includes Naval Air), Air Force and Air Defense, National Gendarmerie" );; line 38768 (wfb::source-text manpower_availability france "males age 15-49 14,740,155; males fit for military service 12,258,691; males reach military age (18) annually 378,489 (1995 est.)" );; line 38773 (wfb::source-text defense_expenditures france "exchange rate conversion - $47.1 billion, 3.1% of GDP (1995)" );; line 38778 (wfb::source-text location french_guiana "Northern South America, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean, between Brazil and Suriname" );; line 38789 (wfb::source-text map_references french_guiana "South America" );; line 38794 (wfb::source-text area french_guiana total_area "91,000 sq km" );; line 38799 (wfb::source-text area french_guiana land_area "89,150 sq km" );; line 38801 (wfb::source-text area french_guiana comparative_area "slightly smaller than Indiana" );; line 38803 (wfb::source-text borders french_guiana "total 1,183 km, Brazil 673 km, Suriname 510 km" );; line 38807 (wfb::source-text coastline french_guiana "378 km" );; line 38811 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims french_guiana exclusive_economic_zone "200 nm" );; line 38816 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims french_guiana territorial_sea "12 nm" );; line 38818 (wfb::source-text international_disputes french_guiana "Suriname claims area between Riviere Litani and Riviere Marouini (both headwaters of the Lawa)" );; line 38822 (wfb::source-text climate french_guiana "tropical; hot, humid; little seasonal temperature variation" );; line 38827 (wfb::source-text terrain french_guiana "low-lying coastal plains rising to hills and small mountains" );; line 38831 (wfb::source-text natural-resource french_guiana "bauxite, timber, gold (widely scattered), cinnabar, kaolin, fish" );; line 38835 (wfb::source-text land_use french_guiana arable_land "0%" );; line 38840 (wfb::source-text land_use french_guiana permanent_crops "0%" );; line 38842 (wfb::source-text land_use french_guiana meadows_and_pastures "0%" );; line 38844 (wfb::source-text land_use french_guiana forest_and_woodland "82%" );; line 38846 (wfb::source-text land_use french_guiana other "18%" );; line 38848 (wfb::source-text irrigated_land french_guiana "NA sq km" );; line 38852 (wfb::source-text environment french_guiana current_issues "NA" );; line 38857 (wfb::source-text environment french_guiana natural_hazards "high frequency of heavy showers and severe thunderstorms; flooding" );; line 38859 (wfb::source-text environment french_guiana international_agreements "NA" );; line 38862 (wfb::source-text note french_guiana "mostly an unsettled wilderness" );; line 38866 (wfb::source-text population french_guiana "145,270 (July 1995 est.)" );; line 38872 (wfb::source-text age_structure french_guiana 0-14_years "32% (female 22,511; male 23,535)" );; line 38877 (wfb::source-text age_structure french_guiana 15-64_years "63% (female 41,995; male 50,064)" );; line 38879 (wfb::source-text age_structure french_guiana 65_years_and_over "5% (female 3,608; male 3,557) (July 1995 est.)" );; line 38881 (wfb::source-text population_growth_rate french_guiana "4.13% (1995 est.)" );; line 38885 (wfb::source-text birth_rate french_guiana "25.23 births/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 38889 (wfb::source-text death_rate french_guiana "4.61 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 38893 (wfb::source-text net_migration_rate french_guiana "20.65 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 38897 (wfb::source-text infant_mortality_rate french_guiana "15.1 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.)" );; line 38901 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth french_guiana total_population "75.52 years" );; line 38906 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth french_guiana male "72.27 years" );; line 38908 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth french_guiana female "78.94 years (1995 est.)" );; line 38910 (wfb::source-text total_fertility_rate french_guiana "3.46 children born/woman (1995 est.)" );; line 38914 (wfb::source-text nationality french_guiana noun "French Guianese (singular and plural)" );; line 38919 (wfb::source-text nationality french_guiana adjective "French Guianese" );; line 38921 (wfb::source-text ethnic-entity french_guiana "black or mulatto 66%, Caucasian 12%, East Indian, Chinese, Amerindian 12%, other 10%" );; line 38925 (wfb::source-text religion french_guiana "Roman Catholic" );; line 38930 (wfb::source-text language french_guiana "French" );; line 38934 (wfb::source-text literacy french_guiana "age 15 and over can read and write (1982)" );; line 38938 (wfb::source-text literacy french_guiana total_population "83%" );; line 38940 (wfb::source-text literacy french_guiana male "84%" );; line 38942 (wfb::source-text literacy french_guiana female "82%" );; line 38944 (wfb::source-text total_labor_force french_guiana "23,265" );; line 38948 (wfb::source-text labor_force_by_occupation french_guiana by_occupation "services, government, and commerce 60.6%, industry 21.2%, agriculture 18.2% (1980)" );; line 38950 (wfb::source-text names french_guiana conventional_long_form "Department of Guiana" );; line 38957 (wfb::source-text names french_guiana conventional_short_form "French Guiana" );; line 38959 (wfb::source-text names french_guiana local_long_form "none" );; line 38961 (wfb::source-text names french_guiana local_short_form "Guyane" );; line 38963 (wfb::source-text digraph french_guiana "FG" );; line 38967 (wfb::source-text type french_guiana "overseas department of France" );; line 38971 (wfb::source-text capital french_guiana "Cayenne" );; line 38975 (wfb::source-text administrative_divisions french_guiana "none (overseas department of France)" );; line 38979 (wfb::source-text independence french_guiana "none (overseas department of France)" );; line 38983 (wfb::source-text national_holiday french_guiana "National Day, Taking of the Bastille, 14 July (1789)" );; line 38987 (wfb::source-text constitution french_guiana "28 September 1958 (French Constitution)" );; line 38991 (wfb::source-text legal_system french_guiana "French legal system" );; line 38995 (wfb::source-text suffrage french_guiana "18 years of age; universal" );; line 38999 (wfb::source-text executive_branch french_guiana chief_of_state "President Francois MITTERRAND (since 21 May 1981)" );; line 39004 (wfb::source-text executive_branch french_guiana head_of_government "Prefect Jean-Francois CORDET (since NA 1992); President of the General Council Elie CASTOR (since NA); President of the Regional Council Antoine KARAM (22 March 1993)" );; line 39006 (wfb::source-text executive_branch french_guiana cabinet "Council of Ministers" );; line 39010 (wfb::source-text legislative_structure french_guiana "unicameral General Council and a unicameral Regional Council" );; line 39014 (wfb::source-text legislative_branch french_guiana general_council "elections last held 25 September and 8 October 1988 (next to be held NA); results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (19 total) PSG 12, URC 7" );; line 39016 (wfb::source-text legislative_branch french_guiana regional_council "elections last held 22 March 1992 (next to be held NA); results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (31 total) PSG 16, FDG 10, RPR 2, independents 3" );; line 39020 (wfb::source-text legislative_branch french_guiana french_senate "elections last held 24 September 1989 (next to be held September 1998); results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (1 total) PSG 1" );; line 39024 (wfb::source-text legislative_branch french_guiana french_national_assembly "elections last held 21 and 28 March 1993 (next to be held NA 1998); results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (2 total) RPR 1, independent 1" );; line 39027 (wfb::source-text judicial_branch french_guiana "Court of Appeals (highest local court based in Martinique with jurisdiction over Martinique, Guadeloupe, and French Guiana)" );; line 39033 (wfb::source-text political_parties_and_leaders french_guiana "Guianese Socialist Party (PSG), Elie CASTRO; Conservative Union for the Republic (UPR), Leon BERTRAND; Rally for the Center Right (URC); Rally for the Republic (RPR); Guyana Democratic Front (FDG), Georges OTHILY; Walwari Committee, Christine TAUBIRA-DELANON" );; line 39038 (wfb::source-text member_of french_guiana "FZ, WCL, WFTU" );; line 39045 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us french_guiana "none (overseas department of France)" );; line 39049 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation french_guiana "none (overseas department of France)" );; line 39053 (wfb::source-text flag french_guiana "the flag of France is used" );; line 39057 (wfb::source-text overview french_guiana "The economy is tied closely to that of France through subsidies and imports. Besides the French space center at Kourou, fishing and forestry are the most important economic activities, with exports of fish and fish products (mostly shrimp) accounting for more than 60% of total revenue in 1992. The large reserves of tropical hardwoods, not fully exploited, support an expanding sawmill industry that provides sawn logs for export. Cultivation of crops - rice, cassava, bananas, and sugarcane - is limited to the coastal area, where the population is largely concentrated. French Guiana is heavily dependent on imports of food and energy. Unemployment is a serious problem, particularly among younger workers." );; line 39062 (wfb::source-text national_product french_guiana "GDP - purchasing power parity - $800 million (1993 est.)" );; line 39075 (wfb::source-text national_product_real_growth_rate french_guiana "NA%" );; line 39079 (wfb::source-text national_product_per_capita french_guiana "$6,000 (1993 est.)" );; line 39083 (wfb::source-text |Inflation rate (consumer prices)| french_guiana "2.5% (1992)" );; line 39087 (wfb::source-text unemployment_rate french_guiana "13% (1990)" );; line 39091 (wfb::source-text budget french_guiana revenues "$735 million" );; line 39096 (wfb::source-text budget french_guiana expenditures "$735 million, including capital expenditures of $NA (1987)" );; line 39098 (wfb::source-text exports french_guiana "$59 million (f.o.b., 1992)" );; line 39102 (wfb::source-text exports french_guiana commodities "shrimp, timber, rum, rosewood essence" );; line 39104 (wfb::source-text exports french_guiana partners "France 52%, Spain 15%, US 5% (1992)" );; line 39106 (wfb::source-text imports french_guiana "$1.5 billion (c.i.f., 1992)" );; line 39110 (wfb::source-text imports french_guiana commodities "food (grains, processed meat), other consumer goods, producer goods, petroleum" );; line 39112 (wfb::source-text imports french_guiana partners "France 77%, Germany 11%, US 5% (1992)" );; line 39115 (wfb::source-text external_debt french_guiana "$1.2 billion (1988)" );; line 39119 (wfb::source-text industrial_production french_guiana "growth rate NA%" );; line 39123 (wfb::source-text electricity french_guiana capacity "180,000 kW" );; line 39128 (wfb::source-text electricity french_guiana production "450 million kWh" );; line 39130 (wfb::source-text electricity french_guiana consumption_per_capita "3,149 kWh (1993)" );; line 39132 (wfb::source-text industry french_guiana "construction, shrimp processing, forestry products, rum, gold mining" );; line 39136 (wfb::source-text agriculture french_guiana "some vegetables for local consumption; rice, corn, manioc, cocoa, bananas, sugar; livestock - cattle, pigs, poultry" );; line 39141 (wfb::source-text illicit_drugs french_guiana "small amount of marijuana grown for local consumption" );; line 39146 (wfb::source-text economic_aid french_guiana recipient "Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-89), $1.51 billion" );; line 39151 (wfb::source-text currency french_guiana "1 French franc (F) = 100 centimes" );; line 39156 (wfb::source-text exchange_rates french_guiana "French francs (F) per US$1 - 5.9243 (January 1995), 5.5520 (1994), 5.6632 (1993), 5.2938 (1992), 5.6421 (1991), 5.4453 (1990)" );; line 39160 (wfb::source-text fiscal_year french_guiana "calendar year" );; line 39165 (wfb::source-text railroads french_guiana total "22 km (est.)" );; line 39171 (wfb::source-text highways french_guiana total "1,137 km" );; line 39176 (wfb::source-text highways french_guiana paved "455 km" );; line 39178 (wfb::source-text highways french_guiana unpaved "improved, unimproved earth 682 km (1988)" );; line 39180 (wfb::source-text inland_waterways french_guiana "460 km, navigable by small oceangoing vessels and river and coastal steamers; 3,300 km navigable by native craft" );; line 39184 (wfb::source-text port french_guiana "Cayenne, Degrad des Cannes, Saint-Laurent du Maroni" );; line 39189 (wfb::source-text merchant_marine french_guiana "none" );; line 39193 (wfb::source-text airports french_guiana total "11" );; line 39198 (wfb::source-text airports french_guiana |with paved runways over 3,047 m| "1" );; line 39200 (wfb::source-text airports french_guiana |with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m| "2" );; line 39202 (wfb::source-text airports french_guiana with_paved_runways_under_914_m "5" );; line 39204 (wfb::source-text airports french_guiana |with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m| "3" );; line 39206 (wfb::source-text telephone_system french_guiana "18,100 telephones; fair open-wire and microwave radio relay system" );; line 39211 (wfb::source-text telephone_system french_guiana local "NA" );; line 39214 (wfb::source-text telephone_system french_guiana intercity "open wire and microwave radio relay" );; line 39216 (wfb::source-text telephone_system french_guiana international "1 INTELSAT (Atlantic Ocean) earth station" );; line 39218 (wfb::source-text radio french_guiana broadcast_stations "AM 5, FM 7, shortwave 0" );; line 39223 (wfb::source-text radio french_guiana radios "NA" );; line 39225 (wfb::source-text television french_guiana broadcast_stations "9" );; line 39230 (wfb::source-text television french_guiana televisions "NA" );; line 39232 (wfb::source-text defense_branch french_guiana "French Forces, Gendarmerie" );; line 39238 (wfb::source-text manpower_availability french_guiana "males age 15-49 41,986; males fit for military service 27,298" );; line 39242 (wfb::source-text defense_expenditures french_guiana "$NA, NA% of GDP" );; line 39246 (wfb::source-text note french_guiana "defense is the responsibility of France" );; line 39250 (wfb::source-text location french_polynesia "Oceania, archipelago in the South Pacific Ocean, about one-half of the way from South America to Australia" );; line 39261 (wfb::source-text map_references french_polynesia "Oceania" );; line 39266 (wfb::source-text area french_polynesia total_area "3,941 sq km" );; line 39271 (wfb::source-text area french_polynesia land_area "3,660 sq km" );; line 39273 (wfb::source-text area french_polynesia comparative_area "slightly less than one-third the size of Connecticut" );; line 39275 (wfb::source-text borders french_polynesia "0 km" );; line 39279 (wfb::source-text coastline french_polynesia "2,525 km" );; line 39283 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims french_polynesia exclusive_economic_zone "200 nm" );; line 39288 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims french_polynesia territorial_sea "12 nm" );; line 39290 (wfb::source-text international_disputes french_polynesia "none" );; line 39294 (wfb::source-text climate french_polynesia "tropical, but moderate" );; line 39298 (wfb::source-text terrain french_polynesia "mixture of rugged high islands and low islands with reefs" );; line 39302 (wfb::source-text natural-resource french_polynesia "timber, fish, cobalt" );; line 39306 (wfb::source-text land_use french_polynesia arable_land "1%" );; line 39311 (wfb::source-text land_use french_polynesia permanent_crops "19%" );; line 39313 (wfb::source-text land_use french_polynesia meadows_and_pastures "5%" );; line 39315 (wfb::source-text land_use french_polynesia forest_and_woodland "31%" );; line 39317 (wfb::source-text land_use french_polynesia other "44%" );; line 39319 (wfb::source-text irrigated_land french_polynesia "NA sq km" );; line 39323 (wfb::source-text environment french_polynesia current_issues "NA" );; line 39328 (wfb::source-text environment french_polynesia natural_hazards "occasional cyclonic storms in January" );; line 39330 (wfb::source-text environment french_polynesia international_agreements "NA" );; line 39332 (wfb::source-text note french_polynesia "includes five archipelagoes; Makatea in French Polynesia is one of the three great phosphate rock islands in the Pacific Ocean - the others are Banaba (Ocean Island) in Kiribati and Nauru" );; line 39336 (wfb::source-text population french_polynesia "219,999 (July 1995 est.)" );; line 39344 (wfb::source-text age_structure french_polynesia 0-14_years "36% (female 38,361; male 39,744)" );; line 39349 (wfb::source-text age_structure french_polynesia 15-64_years "60% (female 64,034; male 69,024)" );; line 39351 (wfb::source-text age_structure french_polynesia 65_years_and_over "4% (female 4,437; male 4,399) (July 1995 est.)" );; line 39353 (wfb::source-text population_growth_rate french_polynesia "2.23% (1995 est.)" );; line 39357 (wfb::source-text birth_rate french_polynesia "27.56 births/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 39361 (wfb::source-text death_rate french_polynesia "5.27 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 39365 (wfb::source-text net_migration_rate french_polynesia "0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 39369 (wfb::source-text infant_mortality_rate french_polynesia "14.6 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.)" );; line 39373 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth french_polynesia total_population "70.75 years" );; line 39378 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth french_polynesia male "68.32 years" );; line 39380 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth french_polynesia female "73.29 years (1995 est.)" );; line 39382 (wfb::source-text total_fertility_rate french_polynesia "3.3 children born/woman (1995 est.)" );; line 39386 (wfb::source-text nationality french_polynesia noun "French Polynesian(s)" );; line 39391 (wfb::source-text nationality french_polynesia adjective "French Polynesian" );; line 39393 (wfb::source-text ethnic-entity french_polynesia "Polynesian 78%, Chinese 12%, local French 6%, metropolitan French 4%" );; line 39397 (wfb::source-text religion french_polynesia "Protestant 54%, Roman Catholic 30%, other 16%" );; line 39402 (wfb::source-text language french_polynesia "French (official), Tahitian (official)" );; line 39406 (wfb::source-text literacy french_polynesia "age 14 and over can read and write but definition of literary not available (1977)" );; line 39410 (wfb::source-text literacy french_polynesia total_population "98%" );; line 39413 (wfb::source-text literacy french_polynesia male "98%" );; line 39415 (wfb::source-text literacy french_polynesia female "98%" );; line 39417 (wfb::source-text total_labor_force french_polynesia "76,630 employed (1988)" );; line 39421 (wfb::source-text names french_polynesia conventional_long_form "Territory of French Polynesia" );; line 39427 (wfb::source-text names french_polynesia conventional_short_form "French Polynesia" );; line 39429 (wfb::source-text names french_polynesia local_long_form "Territoire de la Polynesie Francaise" );; line 39431 (wfb::source-text names french_polynesia local_short_form "Polynesie Francaise" );; line 39433 (wfb::source-text digraph french_polynesia "FP" );; line 39437 (wfb::source-text type french_polynesia "overseas territory of France since 1946" );; line 39441 (wfb::source-text capital french_polynesia "Papeete" );; line 39445 (wfb::source-text administrative_divisions french_polynesia "none (overseas territory of France); there are no first-order administrative divisions as defined by the US Government, but there are 5 archipelagic divisions named Archipel des Marquises, Archipel des Tuamotu, Archipel des Tubuai, Iles du Vent, and Iles Sous-le-Vent" );; line 39449 (wfb::source-text independence french_polynesia "none (overseas territory of France)" );; line 39458 (wfb::source-text national_holiday french_polynesia "National Day, Taking of the Bastille, 14 July (1789)" );; line 39462 (wfb::source-text constitution french_polynesia "28 September 1958 (French Constitution)" );; line 39466 (wfb::source-text legal_system french_polynesia "based on French system" );; line 39470 (wfb::source-text suffrage french_polynesia "18 years of age; universal" );; line 39474 (wfb::source-text executive_branch french_polynesia chief_of_state "President Francois MITTERRAND (since 21 May 1981); High Commissioner of the Republic Paul RONCIERE (since 8 August 1994)" );; line 39479 (wfb::source-text executive_branch french_polynesia head_of_government "President of the Territorial Government of French Polynesia Gaston FLOSSE (since 10 May 1991); Deputy to the French Assembly and President of the Territorial Assembly Jean JUVENTIN (since NA November 1992); Territorial Vice President and Minister of Health Michel BUILLARD (since 12 September 1991)" );; line 39482 (wfb::source-text executive_branch french_polynesia cabinet "Council of Ministers; president submits a list of members of the Assembly for approval by them to serve as ministers" );; line 39488 (wfb::source-text legislative_structure french_polynesia "unicameral" );; line 39493 (wfb::source-text legislative_branch french_polynesia territorial_assembly "elections last held 17 March 1991 (next to be held March 1996); results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (41 total) People's Rally for the Republic (Gaullist) 18, Polynesian Union Party 12, New Fatherland Party 7, other 4" );; line 39495 (wfb::source-text legislative_branch french_polynesia french_senate "elections last held 24 September 1989 (next to be held September 1998); results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (1 total) party NA" );; line 39500 (wfb::source-text legislative_branch french_polynesia french_national_assembly "elections last held 21 and 28 March 1993 (next to be held NA March 1998); results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (2 total) People's Rally for the Republic (Gaullist) 2" );; line 39503 (wfb::source-text judicial_branch french_polynesia "Court of Appeal, Court of the First Instance, Court of Administrative Law" );; line 39509 (wfb::source-text political_parties_and_leaders french_polynesia "People's Rally for the Republic (Tahoeraa Huiraatira), Gaston FLOSSE; Polynesian Union Party (includes Te Tiarama), Alexandre LEONTIEFF; Here Ai'a Party, Jean JUVENTIN; New Fatherland Party (Ai'a Api), Emile VERNAUDON; Polynesian Liberation Front (Tavini Hviraatira No Te Ao Maohi), Oscar TEMARU; Independent Party (Ia Mana Te Nunaa), Jacques DROLLET; other small parties" );; line 39514 (wfb::source-text member_of french_polynesia "ESCAP (associate), FZ, ICFTU, SPC, WMO" );; line 39523 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us french_polynesia "none (overseas territory of France)" );; line 39527 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation french_polynesia "none (overseas territory of France)" );; line 39531 (wfb::source-text flag french_polynesia "the flag of France is used" );; line 39535 (wfb::source-text overview french_polynesia "Since 1962, when France stationed military personnel in the region, French Polynesia has changed from a subsistence economy to one in which a high proportion of the work force is either employed by the military or supports the tourist industry. Tourism accounts for about 20% of GDP and is a primary source of hard currency earnings." );; line 39540 (wfb::source-text national_product french_polynesia "GDP - purchasing power parity - $1.5 billion (1993 est.)" );; line 39548 (wfb::source-text national_product_real_growth_rate french_polynesia "NA%" );; line 39552 (wfb::source-text national_product_per_capita french_polynesia "$7,000 (1993 est.)" );; line 39556 (wfb::source-text |Inflation rate (consumer prices)| french_polynesia "1.7% (1991)" );; line 39560 (wfb::source-text unemployment_rate french_polynesia "10% (1990 est.)" );; line 39564 (wfb::source-text budget french_polynesia revenues "$614 million" );; line 39569 (wfb::source-text budget french_polynesia expenditures "$957 million, including capital expenditures of $NA (1988)" );; line 39571 (wfb::source-text exports french_polynesia "$88.9 million (f.o.b., 1989)" );; line 39575 (wfb::source-text exports french_polynesia commodities "coconut products 79%, mother-of-pearl 14%, vanilla, shark meat" );; line 39577 (wfb::source-text exports french_polynesia partners "France 54%, US 17%, Japan 17%" );; line 39579 (wfb::source-text imports french_polynesia "$765 million (c.i.f., 1989)" );; line 39583 (wfb::source-text imports french_polynesia commodities "fuels, foodstuffs, equipment" );; line 39585 (wfb::source-text imports french_polynesia partners "France 53%, US 11%, Australia 6%, NZ 5%" );; line 39587 (wfb::source-text external_debt french_polynesia "$NA" );; line 39591 (wfb::source-text industrial_production french_polynesia "growth rate NA%; accounts for 15% of GDP" );; line 39595 (wfb::source-text electricity french_polynesia capacity "75,000 kW" );; line 39600 (wfb::source-text electricity french_polynesia production "275 million kWh" );; line 39602 (wfb::source-text electricity french_polynesia consumption_per_capita "1,189 kWh (1993)" );; line 39604 (wfb::source-text industry french_polynesia "tourism, pearls, agricultural processing, handicrafts" );; line 39608 (wfb::source-text agriculture french_polynesia "coconut and vanilla plantations; vegetables and fruit; poultry, beef, dairy products" );; line 39612 (wfb::source-text economic_aid french_polynesia recipient "Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-88), $3.95 billion" );; line 39618 (wfb::source-text currency french_polynesia "1 CFP franc (CFPF) = 100 centimes" );; line 39623 (wfb::source-text exchange_rates french_polynesia "Comptoirs Francais du Pacifique francs (CFPF) per US$1 - 96.25 (January 1995), 100.94 (1994), 102.96 (1993), 96.24 (1992), 102.57 (1991), 99.00 (1990); note - linked at the rate of 18.18 to the French franc" );; line 39627 (wfb::source-text fiscal_year french_polynesia "calendar year" );; line 39633 (wfb::source-text railroads french_polynesia "0 km" );; line 39638 (wfb::source-text highways french_polynesia total "600 km (1982)" );; line 39643 (wfb::source-text highways french_polynesia paved "NA" );; line 39645 (wfb::source-text highways french_polynesia unpaved "NA" );; line 39647 (wfb::source-text port french_polynesia "Mataura, Papeete, Rikitea, Uturoa" );; line 39651 (wfb::source-text merchant_marine french_polynesia total "3 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 4,127 GRT/6,710 DWT" );; line 39656 (wfb::source-text merchant_marine french_polynesia ships_by_type "passenger-cargo 2, refrigerated cargo 1" );; line 39658 (wfb::source-text airports french_polynesia total "43" );; line 39667 (wfb::source-text airports french_polynesia |with paved runways over 3,047 m| "2" );; line 39669 (wfb::source-text airports french_polynesia |with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m| "5" );; line 39671 (wfb::source-text airports french_polynesia |with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m| "14" );; line 39673 (wfb::source-text airports french_polynesia with_paved_runways_under_914_m "18" );; line 39675 (wfb::source-text airports french_polynesia |with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m| "4" );; line 39677 (wfb::source-text telephone_system french_polynesia "33,200 telephones" );; line 39682 (wfb::source-text telephone_system french_polynesia local "NA" );; line 39684 (wfb::source-text telephone_system french_polynesia intercity "NA" );; line 39686 (wfb::source-text telephone_system french_polynesia international "1 INTELSAT (Pacific Ocean) earth station" );; line 39688 (wfb::source-text radio french_polynesia broadcast_stations "AM 5, FM 2, shortwave 0" );; line 39693 (wfb::source-text radio french_polynesia radios "84,000" );; line 39695 (wfb::source-text television french_polynesia broadcast_stations "6" );; line 39700 (wfb::source-text television french_polynesia televisions "26,400" );; line 39702 (wfb::source-text defense_branch french_polynesia "French Forces (includes Army, Navy, Air Force), Gendarmerie" );; line 39708 (wfb::source-text note french_polynesia "defense is responsibility of France" );; line 39712 (wfb::source-text location french_southern_and_antarctic_lands "Southern Africa, islands in the southern Indian Ocean, about equidistant between Africa, Antarctica, and Australia; note - \"French Southern and Antarctic Lands\" includes Ile Amsterdam, Ile Saint-Paul, Iles Crozet, and Iles Kerguelen in the southern Indian Ocean, along with the French-claimed sector of Antartica, \"Terre Adelie\"; the United States does not recognize the French claim to \"Terre Adelie\"" );; line 39723 (wfb::source-text map_references french_southern_and_antarctic_lands "Antarctic Region" );; line 39732 (wfb::source-text area french_southern_and_antarctic_lands total_area "7,781 sq km" );; line 39737 (wfb::source-text area french_southern_and_antarctic_lands land_area "7,781 sq km" );; line 39739 (wfb::source-text area french_southern_and_antarctic_lands comparative_area "slightly less than 1.5 times the size of Delaware" );; line 39741 (wfb::source-text borders french_southern_and_antarctic_lands "0 km" );; line 39749 (wfb::source-text coastline french_southern_and_antarctic_lands "1,232 km" );; line 39753 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims french_southern_and_antarctic_lands exclusive_economic_zone "200 nm from Iles Kerguelen only" );; line 39758 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims french_southern_and_antarctic_lands territorial_sea "12 nm" );; line 39760 (wfb::source-text international_disputes french_southern_and_antarctic_lands "\"Terre Adelie\" claim in Antarctica is not recognized by the US" );; line 39764 (wfb::source-text climate french_southern_and_antarctic_lands "antarctic" );; line 39768 (wfb::source-text terrain french_southern_and_antarctic_lands "volcanic" );; line 39772 (wfb::source-text natural-resource french_southern_and_antarctic_lands "fish, crayfish" );; line 39776 (wfb::source-text land_use french_southern_and_antarctic_lands arable_land "0%" );; line 39781 (wfb::source-text land_use french_southern_and_antarctic_lands permanent_crops "0%" );; line 39783 (wfb::source-text land_use french_southern_and_antarctic_lands meadows_and_pastures "0%" );; line 39785 (wfb::source-text land_use french_southern_and_antarctic_lands forest_and_woodland "0%" );; line 39787 (wfb::source-text land_use french_southern_and_antarctic_lands other "100%" );; line 39789 (wfb::source-text irrigated_land french_southern_and_antarctic_lands "0 sq km" );; line 39793 (wfb::source-text environment french_southern_and_antarctic_lands current_issues "NA" );; line 39798 (wfb::source-text environment french_southern_and_antarctic_lands natural_hazards "Ile Amsterdam and Ile Saint-Paul are extinct volcanoes" );; line 39800 (wfb::source-text environment french_southern_and_antarctic_lands international_agreements "NA" );; line 39802 (wfb::source-text note french_southern_and_antarctic_lands "remote location in the southern Indian Ocean" );; line 39806 (wfb::source-text population french_southern_and_antarctic_lands "no indigenous inhabitants; note - there are researchers whose numbers vary from 150 in winter (July) to 200 in summer (January)" );; line 39812 (wfb::source-text names french_southern_and_antarctic_lands conventional_long_form "Territory of the French Southern and Antarctic Lands" );; line 39819 (wfb::source-text names french_southern_and_antarctic_lands conventional_short_form "French Southern and Antarctic Lands" );; line 39821 (wfb::source-text names french_southern_and_antarctic_lands local_long_form "Territoire des Terres Australes et Antarctiques Francaises" );; line 39823 (wfb::source-text names french_southern_and_antarctic_lands local_short_form "Terres Australes et Antarctiques Francaises" );; line 39825 (wfb::source-text digraph french_southern_and_antarctic_lands "FS" );; line 39829 (wfb::source-text type french_southern_and_antarctic_lands "overseas territory of France since 1955; governed by High Administrator Bernard de GOUTTES (since May 1990), who is assisted by a 7-member Consultative Council and a 12-member Scientific Council" );; line 39833 (wfb::source-text capital french_southern_and_antarctic_lands "none; administered from Paris, France" );; line 39839 (wfb::source-text administrative_divisions french_southern_and_antarctic_lands "none (overseas territory of France); there are no first-order administrative divisions as defined by the US Government, but there are 3 districts named Ile Crozet, Iles Kerguelen, and Iles Saint-Paul et Amsterdam; excludes \"Terre Adelie\" claim in Antarctica that is not recognized by the US" );; line 39843 (wfb::source-text independence french_southern_and_antarctic_lands "none (overseas territory of France)" );; line 39850 (wfb::source-text flag french_southern_and_antarctic_lands "the flag of France is used" );; line 39854 (wfb::source-text overview french_southern_and_antarctic_lands "Economic activity is limited to servicing meteorological and geophysical research stations and French and other fishing fleets. The fish catches landed on Iles Kerguelen by foreign ships are exported to France and Reunion." );; line 39859 (wfb::source-text budget french_southern_and_antarctic_lands revenues "$17.5 million" );; line 39867 (wfb::source-text budget french_southern_and_antarctic_lands expenditures "$NA, including capital expenditures of $NA (1992)" );; line 39869 (wfb::source-text highways french_southern_and_antarctic_lands total "NA" );; line 39875 (wfb::source-text highways french_southern_and_antarctic_lands paved "NA" );; line 39877 (wfb::source-text highways french_southern_and_antarctic_lands unpaved "NA" );; line 39879 (wfb::source-text port french_southern_and_antarctic_lands "none; offshore anchorage only" );; line 39883 (wfb::source-text merchant_marine french_southern_and_antarctic_lands total "48 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 1,290,975 GRT/2,403,050 DWT" );; line 39888 (wfb::source-text merchant_marine french_southern_and_antarctic_lands ships_by_type "bulk 5, cargo 6, chemical tanker 4, container 1, liquefied gas tanker 3, multifunction large-load carrier 1, oil tanker 15, refrigerated cargo 4, roll-on/roll-off cargo 8, specialized liquefied tanker 1" );; line 39890 (wfb::source-text airports french_southern_and_antarctic_lands "none" );; line 39900 (wfb::source-text telephone_system french_southern_and_antarctic_lands "NA telephones" );; line 39905 (wfb::source-text telephone_system french_southern_and_antarctic_lands local "NA" );; line 39907 (wfb::source-text telephone_system french_southern_and_antarctic_lands intercity "NA" );; line 39909 (wfb::source-text telephone_system french_southern_and_antarctic_lands international "NA" );; line 39911 (wfb::source-text radio french_southern_and_antarctic_lands broadcast_stations "AM NA, FM NA, shortwave NA" );; line 39916 (wfb::source-text radio french_southern_and_antarctic_lands radios "NA" );; line 39918 (wfb::source-text television french_southern_and_antarctic_lands broadcast_stations "NA" );; line 39923 (wfb::source-text television french_southern_and_antarctic_lands televisions "NA" );; line 39925 (wfb::source-text note french_southern_and_antarctic_lands "defense is the responsibility of France" );; line 39931 (wfb::source-text location gabon "Western Africa, bordering the Atlantic Ocean at the Equator, between Congo and Equatorial Guinea" );; line 39942 (wfb::source-text map_references gabon "Africa" );; line 39947 (wfb::source-text area gabon total_area "267,670 sq km" );; line 39952 (wfb::source-text area gabon land_area "257,670 sq km" );; line 39954 (wfb::source-text area gabon comparative_area "slightly smaller than Colorado" );; line 39956 (wfb::source-text borders gabon "total 2,551 km, Cameroon 298 km, Congo 1,903 km, Equatorial Guinea 350 km" );; line 39960 (wfb::source-text coastline gabon "885 km" );; line 39965 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims gabon contiguous_zone "24 nm" );; line 39970 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims gabon exclusive_economic_zone "200 nm" );; line 39972 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims gabon territorial_sea "12 nm" );; line 39974 (wfb::source-text international_disputes gabon "maritime boundary dispute with Equatorial Guinea because of disputed sovereignty over islands in Corisco Bay" );; line 39978 (wfb::source-text climate gabon "tropical; always hot, humid" );; line 39983 (wfb::source-text terrain gabon "narrow coastal plain; hilly interior; savanna in east and south" );; line 39987 (wfb::source-text natural-resource gabon "petroleum, manganese, uranium, gold, timber, iron ore" );; line 39991 (wfb::source-text land_use gabon arable_land "1%" );; line 39996 (wfb::source-text land_use gabon permanent_crops "1%" );; line 39998 (wfb::source-text land_use gabon meadows_and_pastures "18%" );; line 40000 (wfb::source-text land_use gabon forest_and_woodland "78%" );; line 40002 (wfb::source-text land_use gabon other "2%" );; line 40004 (wfb::source-text irrigated_land gabon "NA sq km" );; line 40008 (wfb::source-text environment gabon current_issues "deforestation; poaching" );; line 40013 (wfb::source-text environment gabon natural_hazards "NA" );; line 40015 (wfb::source-text environment gabon international_agreements "party to - Endangered Species, Marine Dumping, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Wetlands; signed, but not ratified - Biodiversity, Climate Change, Law of the Sea, Tropical Timber 94" );; line 40017 (wfb::source-text population gabon "1,155,749 (July 1995 est.)" );; line 40026 (wfb::source-text age_structure gabon 0-14_years "34% (female 193,859; male 194,761)" );; line 40031 (wfb::source-text age_structure gabon 15-64_years "61% (female 347,839; male 359,997)" );; line 40033 (wfb::source-text age_structure gabon 65_years_and_over "5% (female 30,218; male 29,075) (July 1995 est.)" );; line 40035 (wfb::source-text population_growth_rate gabon "1.46% (1995 est.)" );; line 40039 (wfb::source-text birth_rate gabon "28.34 births/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 40043 (wfb::source-text death_rate gabon "13.72 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 40047 (wfb::source-text net_migration_rate gabon "0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 40051 (wfb::source-text infant_mortality_rate gabon "92.4 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.)" );; line 40055 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth gabon total_population "55.14 years" );; line 40060 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth gabon male "52.31 years" );; line 40062 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth gabon female "58.06 years (1995 est.)" );; line 40064 (wfb::source-text total_fertility_rate gabon "3.93 children born/woman (1995 est.)" );; line 40068 (wfb::source-text nationality gabon noun "Gabonese (singular and plural)" );; line 40073 (wfb::source-text nationality gabon adjective "Gabonese" );; line 40075 (wfb::source-text ethnic-entity gabon "Bantu tribes including four major tribal groupings (Fang, Eshira, Bapounou, Bateke), other Africans and Europeans 100,000, including 27,000 French" );; line 40079 (wfb::source-text religion gabon "Christian 55%-75%, Muslim less than 1%, animist" );; line 40084 (wfb::source-text language gabon "French (official), Fang, Myene, Bateke, Bapounou/Eschira, Bandjabi" );; line 40088 (wfb::source-text literacy gabon "age 15 and over can read and write (1990 est.)" );; line 40093 (wfb::source-text literacy gabon total_population "61%" );; line 40095 (wfb::source-text literacy gabon male "74%" );; line 40097 (wfb::source-text literacy gabon female "48%" );; line 40099 (wfb::source-text total_labor_force gabon "120,000 salaried" );; line 40103 (wfb::source-text labor_force_by_occupation gabon by_occupation "agriculture 65.0%, industry and commerce 30.0%, services 2.5%, government 2.5%" );; line 40105 (wfb::source-text names gabon conventional_long_form "Gabonese Republic" );; line 40112 (wfb::source-text names gabon conventional_short_form "Gabon" );; line 40114 (wfb::source-text names gabon local_long_form "Republique Gabonaise" );; line 40116 (wfb::source-text names gabon local_short_form "Gabon" );; line 40118 (wfb::source-text digraph gabon "GB" );; line 40122 (wfb::source-text type gabon "republic; multiparty presidential regime (opposition parties legalized 1990)" );; line 40126 (wfb::source-text capital gabon "Libreville" );; line 40131 (wfb::source-text administrative_divisions gabon "9 provinces; Estuaire, Haut-Ogooue, Moyen-Ogooue, Ngounie, Nyanga, Ogooue-Ivindo, Ogooue-Lolo, Ogooue-Maritime, Woleu-Ntem" );; line 40135 (wfb::source-text independence gabon "17 August 1960 (from France)" );; line 40140 (wfb::source-text national_holiday gabon "Renovation Day, 12 March (1968) (Gabonese Democratic Party established)" );; line 40144 (wfb::source-text constitution gabon "adopted 14 March 1991" );; line 40149 (wfb::source-text legal_system gabon "based on French civil law system and customary law; judicial review of legislative acts in Constitutional Chamber of the Supreme Court; compulsory ICJ jurisdiction not accepted" );; line 40153 (wfb::source-text suffrage gabon "21 years of age; universal" );; line 40159 (wfb::source-text executive_branch gabon chief_of_state "President El Hadj Omar BONGO (since 2 December 1967); election last held on 5 December 1993 (next to be held 1998); results - President Omar BONGO was reelected with 51% of the vote" );; line 40164 (wfb::source-text executive_branch gabon head_of_government "Prime Minister Paulin OBAME Nguema (since 9 December 1994)" );; line 40168 (wfb::source-text executive_branch gabon cabinet "Council of Ministers; appointed by the prime minister in consultation with the president" );; line 40170 (wfb::source-text legislative_structure gabon "unicameral" );; line 40175 (wfb::source-text legislative_branch gabon |National Assembly (Assemblee Nationale)| "elections last held on 5 December 1993 (next to be held by 1998); results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (120 total) PDG 62, Morena-Bucherons/RNB 19, PGP 18, National Recovery Movement (Morena-Original) 7, APSG 6, USG 4, CRP 1, independents 3" );; line 40177 (wfb::source-text judicial_branch gabon "Supreme Court (Cour Supreme)" );; line 40184 (wfb::source-text political_parties_and_leaders gabon "Gabonese Democratic Party (PDG, former sole party), Jaques ADIAHENOT, Secretary General; National Recovery Movement - Lumberjacks (Morena-Bucherons/RNB), Fr. Paul M'BA-ABESSOLE, leader; Gabonese Party for Progress (PGP), Pierre-Louis AGONDHO-OKAWE, President; National Recovery Movement (Morena-Original), Pierre ZONGUE-NGUEMA, Chairman; Association for Socialism in Gabon (APSG), leader NA; Gabonese Socialist Union (USG), leader NA; Circle for Renewal and Progress (CRP), leader NA; Union for Democracy and Development (UDD), leader NA; Rally of Democrats (RD), leader NA; Forces of Change for Democratic Union, leader NA" );; line 40188 (wfb::source-text member_of gabon "ACCT, ACP, AfDB, BDEAC, CCC, CEEAC, ECA, FAO, FZ, G-24, G-77, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS (associate), ILO, IMF, IMO, INMARSAT, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, ITU, NAM, OAU, OIC, OPEC, UDEAC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCL, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO" );; line 40200 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us gabon chief_of_mission "Ambassador Paul BOUNDOUKOU-LATHA" );; line 40208 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us gabon chancery "2233 Wisconsin Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20007, Suite 200" );; line 40210 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us gabon telephone "[1] (202) 797-1000" );; line 40212 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation gabon chief_of_mission "Ambassador Joseph C. WILSON IV" );; line 40217 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation gabon embassy "Boulevard de la Mer, Libreville" );; line 40219 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation gabon mailing_address "B. P. 4000, Libreville" );; line 40221 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation gabon telephone "[241] 76 20 03 through 76 20 04, 74 34 92" );; line 40223 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation gabon fax "[241] 74 55 07" );; line 40225 (wfb::source-text flag gabon "three equal horizontal bands of green (top), yellow, and blue" );; line 40229 (wfb::source-text overview gabon "Notwithstanding its serious ongoing economic problems, Gabon enjoys a per capita income more than twice that of most nations of sub-Saharan Africa. Gabon depended on timber and manganese until oil was discovered offshore in the early 1970s. The oil sector now accounts for 50% of GDP. Real growth was feeble in 1992 and Gabon continues to face the problem of fluctuating prices for its oil, timber, manganese, and uranium exports. Despite an abundance of natural wealth, and a manageable rate of population growth, the economy is hobbled by poor fiscal management. In 1992, the fiscal deficit widened to 2.4% of GDP, and Gabon failed to settle arrears on its bilateral debt, leading to a cancellation of rescheduling agreements with official and private creditors. Devaluation of its Francophone currency by 50% in January 1994 did not set off an expected inflationary spiral but the government must continue to keep a tight reign on spending and wage increases." );; line 40234 (wfb::source-text national_product gabon "GDP - purchasing power parity - $5.6 billion (1994 est.)" );; line 40250 (wfb::source-text national_product_real_growth_rate gabon "1.9% (1994 est.)" );; line 40254 (wfb::source-text national_product_per_capita gabon "$4,900 (1994 est.)" );; line 40258 (wfb::source-text |Inflation rate (consumer prices)| gabon "35% (1994 est.)" );; line 40262 (wfb::source-text unemployment_rate gabon "NA%" );; line 40266 (wfb::source-text budget gabon revenues "$1.3 billion" );; line 40271 (wfb::source-text budget gabon expenditures "$1.6 billion, including capital expenditures of $311 million (1993 est.)" );; line 40273 (wfb::source-text exports gabon "$2.1 billion (f.o.b., 1993 est)" );; line 40278 (wfb::source-text exports gabon commodities "crude oil 80%, timber 10%, manganese 6%, uranium 2%" );; line 40280 (wfb::source-text exports gabon partners "US 38%, France 26%, Japan, Germany" );; line 40282 (wfb::source-text imports gabon "$832 million (c.i.f., 1993 est.)" );; line 40286 (wfb::source-text imports gabon commodities "foodstuffs, chemical products, petroleum products, construction materials, manufactures, machinery" );; line 40288 (wfb::source-text imports gabon partners "France 42%, African countries 23%, US, Japan" );; line 40291 (wfb::source-text external_debt gabon "$3.3 billion (1993 est.)" );; line 40295 (wfb::source-text industrial_production gabon "growth rate -3% (1991)" );; line 40299 (wfb::source-text electricity gabon capacity "315,000 kW" );; line 40304 (wfb::source-text electricity gabon production "910 million kWh" );; line 40306 (wfb::source-text electricity gabon consumption_per_capita "757 kWh (1993)" );; line 40308 (wfb::source-text industry gabon "food and beverages, lumbering and plywood, textiles, cement, petroleum refining, mining - manganese, uranium, gold, petroleum" );; line 40312 (wfb::source-text agriculture gabon "cash crops - cocoa, coffee, palm oil; livestock raising not developed; importer of food; small fishing operations provide a catch of about 20,000 metric tons; okoume (a tropical softwood) is the most important timber product" );; line 40317 (wfb::source-text economic_aid gabon recipient "US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-90), $68 million; Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-90), $2.342 billion; Communist countries (1970-89), $27 million" );; line 40325 (wfb::source-text currency gabon "1 CFA franc (CFAF) = 100 centimes" );; line 40331 (wfb::source-text exchange_rates gabon "Communaute Financiere Africaine francs (CFAF) per US$1 - 529.43 (January 1995), 555.20 (1994), 283.16 (1993), 264.69 (1992), 282.11 (1991), 272.26 (1990)" );; line 40335 (wfb::source-text fiscal_year gabon "calendar year" );; line 40344 (wfb::source-text railroads gabon total "649 km single track (Transgabonese Railroad)" );; line 40350 (wfb::source-text railroads gabon standard_gauge "649 km 1.437-m gauge" );; line 40352 (wfb::source-text highways gabon total "7,500 km" );; line 40357 (wfb::source-text highways gabon paved "560 km" );; line 40359 (wfb::source-text highways gabon unpaved "crushed stone 960 km; earth 5,980 km" );; line 40361 (wfb::source-text inland_waterways gabon "1,600 km perennially navigable" );; line 40365 (wfb::source-text pipelines gabon "crude oil 270 km; petroleum products 14 km" );; line 40369 (wfb::source-text port gabon "Cape Lopez, Kango, Lambarene, Libreville, Owendo, Port-Gentil" );; line 40373 (wfb::source-text merchant_marine gabon total "1 cargo ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 9,281 GRT/12,665 DWT" );; line 40378 (wfb::source-text airports gabon total "69" );; line 40383 (wfb::source-text airports gabon |with paved runways over 3,047 m| "1" );; line 40385 (wfb::source-text airports gabon |with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m| "1" );; line 40387 (wfb::source-text airports gabon |with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m| "7" );; line 40389 (wfb::source-text airports gabon |with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m| "1" );; line 40391 (wfb::source-text airports gabon with_paved_runways_under_914_m "28" );; line 40393 (wfb::source-text airports gabon |with unpaved runways 1,524 to 2,438 m| "8" );; line 40395 (wfb::source-text airports gabon |with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m| "23" );; line 40397 (wfb::source-text telephone_system gabon "15,000 telephones; telephone density - 13/1,000 persons" );; line 40402 (wfb::source-text telephone_system gabon local "NA" );; line 40404 (wfb::source-text telephone_system gabon intercity "adequate system, comprising cable, microwave radio relay, tropospheric scatter, radiocommunication stations, and 12 domestic satellite links" );; line 40406 (wfb::source-text telephone_system gabon international "3 Atlantic Ocean INTELSAT earth stations" );; line 40409 (wfb::source-text radio gabon broadcast_stations "AM 6, FM 6, shortwave 0" );; line 40414 (wfb::source-text radio gabon radios "NA" );; line 40416 (wfb::source-text television gabon broadcast_stations "3 (repeaters 5)" );; line 40421 (wfb::source-text television gabon televisions "NA" );; line 40423 (wfb::source-text defense_branch gabon "Army, Navy, Air Force, Presidential Guard, National Gendarmerie, National Police" );; line 40429 (wfb::source-text manpower_availability gabon "males age 15-49 272,025; males fit for military service 138,197; males reach military age (20) annually 10,516 (1995 est.)" );; line 40434 (wfb::source-text defense_expenditures gabon "exchange rate conversion - $154 million, 2.4% of GDP (1993)" );; line 40439 (wfb::source-text location the_gambia "Western Africa, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean and Senegal" );; line 40449 (wfb::source-text map_references the_gambia "Africa" );; line 40453 (wfb::source-text area the_gambia total_area "11,300 sq km" );; line 40458 (wfb::source-text area the_gambia land_area "10,000 sq km" );; line 40460 (wfb::source-text area the_gambia comparative_area "slightly more than twice the size of Delaware" );; line 40462 (wfb::source-text borders the_gambia "total 740 km, Senegal 740 km" );; line 40466 (wfb::source-text coastline the_gambia "80 km" );; line 40470 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims the_gambia contiguous_zone "18 nm" );; line 40475 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims the_gambia continental_shelf "not specified" );; line 40477 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims the_gambia exclusive_fishing_zone "200 nm" );; line 40479 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims the_gambia territorial_sea "12 nm" );; line 40481 (wfb::source-text international_disputes the_gambia "short section of boundary with Senegal is indefinite" );; line 40485 (wfb::source-text climate the_gambia "tropical; hot, rainy season (June to November); cooler, dry season (November to May)" );; line 40489 (wfb::source-text terrain the_gambia "flood plain of the Gambia River flanked by some low hills" );; line 40494 (wfb::source-text natural-resource the_gambia "fish" );; line 40498 (wfb::source-text land_use the_gambia arable_land "16%" );; line 40503 (wfb::source-text land_use the_gambia permanent_crops "0%" );; line 40505 (wfb::source-text land_use the_gambia meadows_and_pastures "9%" );; line 40507 (wfb::source-text land_use the_gambia forest_and_woodland "20%" );; line 40509 (wfb::source-text land_use the_gambia other "55%" );; line 40511 (wfb::source-text irrigated_land the_gambia "120 sq km (1989 est.)" );; line 40515 (wfb::source-text environment the_gambia current_issues "deforestation; desertification; water-borne diseases prevalent" );; line 40520 (wfb::source-text environment the_gambia natural_hazards "rainfall has dropped by 30% in the last thirty years" );; line 40522 (wfb::source-text environment the_gambia international_agreements "party to - Biodiversity, Climate Change, Endangered Species, Law of the Sea, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution; signed, but not ratified - Desertification" );; line 40524 (wfb::source-text note the_gambia "almost an enclave of Senegal; smallest country on the continent of Africa" );; line 40530 (wfb::source-text population the_gambia "989,273 (July 1995 est.)" );; line 40537 (wfb::source-text age_structure the_gambia 0-14_years "47% (female 231,636; male 231,053)" );; line 40542 (wfb::source-text age_structure the_gambia 15-64_years "51% (female 257,329; male 244,947)" );; line 40544 (wfb::source-text age_structure the_gambia 65_years_and_over "2% (female 11,850; male 12,458) (July 1995 est.)" );; line 40546 (wfb::source-text population_growth_rate the_gambia "3.08% (1995 est.)" );; line 40550 (wfb::source-text birth_rate the_gambia "45.97 births/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 40554 (wfb::source-text death_rate the_gambia "15.19 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 40558 (wfb::source-text net_migration_rate the_gambia "0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 40562 (wfb::source-text infant_mortality_rate the_gambia "120.8 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.)" );; line 40566 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth the_gambia total_population "50.55 years" );; line 40571 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth the_gambia male "48.25 years" );; line 40573 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth the_gambia female "52.92 years (1995 est.)" );; line 40575 (wfb::source-text total_fertility_rate the_gambia "6.23 children born/woman (1995 est.)" );; line 40579 (wfb::source-text nationality the_gambia noun "Gambian(s)" );; line 40584 (wfb::source-text nationality the_gambia adjective "Gambian" );; line 40586 (wfb::source-text ethnic-entity the_gambia "African 99% (Mandinka 42%, Fula 18%, Wolof 16%, Jola 10%, Serahuli 9%, other 4%), non-Gambian 1%" );; line 40590 (wfb::source-text religion the_gambia "Muslim 90%, Christian 9%, indigenous beliefs 1%" );; line 40595 (wfb::source-text language the_gambia "English (official), Mandinka, Wolof, Fula, other indigenous vernaculars" );; line 40599 (wfb::source-text literacy the_gambia "age 15 and over can read and write (1990 est.)" );; line 40604 (wfb::source-text literacy the_gambia total_population "27%" );; line 40606 (wfb::source-text literacy the_gambia male "39%" );; line 40608 (wfb::source-text literacy the_gambia female "16%" );; line 40610 (wfb::source-text total_labor_force the_gambia "400,000 (1986 est.)" );; line 40614 (wfb::source-text labor_force_by_occupation the_gambia by_occupation "agriculture 75.0%, industry, commerce, and services 18.9%, government 6.1%" );; line 40616 (wfb::source-text names the_gambia conventional_long_form "Republic of The Gambia" );; line 40623 (wfb::source-text names the_gambia conventional_short_form "The Gambia" );; line 40625 (wfb::source-text digraph the_gambia "GA" );; line 40629 (wfb::source-text type the_gambia "republic under multiparty democratic rule" );; line 40633 (wfb::source-text capital the_gambia "Banjul" );; line 40637 (wfb::source-text administrative_divisions the_gambia "5 divisions and 1 city*; Banjul*, Lower River, MacCarthy Island, North Bank, Upper River, Western" );; line 40641 (wfb::source-text independence the_gambia "18 February 1965 (from UK; The Gambia and Senegal signed an agreement on 12 December 1981 that called for the creation of a loose confederation to be known as Senegambia, but the agreement was dissolved on 30 September 1989)" );; line 40646 (wfb::source-text national_holiday the_gambia "Independence Day, 18 February (1965)" );; line 40653 (wfb::source-text constitution the_gambia "24 April 1970" );; line 40657 (wfb::source-text legal_system the_gambia "based on a composite of English common law, Koranic law, and customary law; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations" );; line 40661 (wfb::source-text suffrage the_gambia "21 years of age; universal" );; line 40666 (wfb::source-text executive_branch the_gambia chief_of_state_and_head_of_government "Chairman of the Armed Forces Provisional Ruling Council Capt. Yahya A. J. J. JAMMEH (since the military coup of 22 July 1994); Vice Chairman of the Armed Forces Provisional Ruling Council Capt. Edward SINGHATEH (since March 1995); election last held on 29 April 1992; results - Sir Dawda JAWARA (PPP) 58.5%, Sherif Mustapha DIBBA (NCP) 22.2%, Assan Musa CAMARA (GPP) 8.0% (prior to the 22 July 1994 coup, next election was scheduled for April 1997)" );; line 40671 (wfb::source-text executive_branch the_gambia cabinet "Cabinet; appointed by the president from members of the House of Representatives (present cabinet appointed by Chairman of the Armed Forces Provisional Ruling Council)" );; line 40679 (wfb::source-text legislative_structure the_gambia "unicameral" );; line 40685 (wfb::source-text legislative_branch the_gambia house_of_representatives "elections last held on 29 April 1992 (next to be held April 1997); results - PPP 58.1%; seats - (43 total, 36 elected) PPP 30, NCP 6" );; line 40687 (wfb::source-text judicial_branch the_gambia "Supreme Court" );; line 40692 (wfb::source-text political_parties_and_leaders the_gambia "People's Progressive Party (PPP), Dawda K. JAWARA (in exile), secretary general; National Convention Party (NCP), Sheriff DIBBA (in exile); Gambian People's Party (GPP), Hassan Musa CAMARA; United Party (UP), leader NA; People's Democratic Organization of Independence and Socialism (PDOIS), leader NA; People's Democratic Party (PDP), Jabel SALLAH" );; line 40696 (wfb::source-text member_of the_gambia "ACP, AfDB, C, CCC, ECA, ECOWAS, FAO, G-77, GATT, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT (nonsignatory user), INTERPOL, IOC, ITU, NAM, OAU, OIC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO" );; line 40704 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us the_gambia chief_of_mission "(vacant); Charge d'Affaires Aminatta DIBBA" );; line 40712 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us the_gambia chancery "Suite 1000, 1155 15th Street NW, Washington, DC 20005" );; line 40714 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us the_gambia telephone "[1] (202) 785-1399, 1379, 1425" );; line 40716 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us the_gambia fax "[1] (202) 785-1430" );; line 40718 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation the_gambia chief_of_mission "Ambassador Andrew J. WINTER" );; line 40723 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation the_gambia embassy "Fajara, Kairaba Avenue, Banjul" );; line 40725 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation the_gambia mailing_address "P. M. B. No. 19, Banjul" );; line 40727 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation the_gambia telephone "[220] 392856, 392858, 391970, 391971" );; line 40729 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation the_gambia fax "[220] 392475" );; line 40731 (wfb::source-text flag the_gambia "three equal horizontal bands of red (top), blue with white edges, and green" );; line 40735 (wfb::source-text overview the_gambia "The Gambia has no important mineral or other natural resources and has a limited agricultural base. About 75% of the population is engaged in crop production and livestock raising, which contribute 30% to GDP. Small-scale manufacturing activity - processing peanuts, fish, and hides - accounts for less than 10% of GDP. A sustained structural adjustment program, including a liberalized trade policy, had fostered a respectable 4% rate of growth in recent years. Reexport trade constitutes one-third of economic activity; however, border closures associated with Senegal's monetary crisis in late 1993 led to a halving of reexport trade, reducing government revenues in turn. The 50% devaluation of the CFA franc in January 1994 has made Senegalese goods more competitive and apparently prompted a relaxation of Senegalese controls, paving the way for a comeback in reexports. But overwhelming these developments were the devastating effects of the military's takeover in July 1994. By October, traffic at the Port of Banjul had fallen precipitously as importers nervously scaled back their activities with the commencement of the anticorruption drive by the new regime. Concerned with the growing potential for serious unrest after a countercoup attempt was bloodily put down by the regime, the United Kingdom and the EU in November issued a travelers advisory for The Gambia, which brought a halt to tourism almost immediately. The Gambia faces additional problems in 1995 if, as is likely, economic sanctions by Western governments remain in effect in response to indications that the military regime intends to stay in power far longer than expected by the donors." );; line 40741 (wfb::source-text national_product the_gambia "GDP - purchasing power parity - $1 billion (1993 est.)" );; line 40767 (wfb::source-text national_product_real_growth_rate the_gambia "NA%" );; line 40771 (wfb::source-text national_product_per_capita the_gambia "$1,050 (1993 est.)" );; line 40775 (wfb::source-text |Inflation rate (consumer prices)| the_gambia "6.5% (1993)" );; line 40779 (wfb::source-text unemployment_rate the_gambia "NA%" );; line 40783 (wfb::source-text budget the_gambia revenues "$94 million" );; line 40788 (wfb::source-text budget the_gambia expenditures "$89 million, including capital expenditures of $24 million (FY92/93 est.)" );; line 40790 (wfb::source-text exports the_gambia "$81 million (f.o.b., FY92/93 est.)" );; line 40795 (wfb::source-text exports the_gambia commodities "peanuts and peanut products, fish, cotton lint, palm kernels" );; line 40797 (wfb::source-text exports the_gambia partners "Japan 60%, Europe 29%, Africa 5%, US 1%, other 5% (1989)" );; line 40799 (wfb::source-text imports the_gambia "$154 million (f.o.b., FY92/93 est.)" );; line 40803 (wfb::source-text imports the_gambia commodities "foodstuffs, manufactures, raw materials, fuel, machinery and transport equipment" );; line 40805 (wfb::source-text imports the_gambia partners "Europe 57%, Asia 25%, USSR and Eastern Europe 9%, US 6%, other 3% (1989)" );; line 40808 (wfb::source-text external_debt the_gambia "$286 million (FY92/93 est.)" );; line 40813 (wfb::source-text industrial_production the_gambia "growth rate 6.7%" );; line 40817 (wfb::source-text electricity the_gambia capacity "30,000 kW" );; line 40822 (wfb::source-text electricity the_gambia production "70 million kWh" );; line 40824 (wfb::source-text electricity the_gambia consumption_per_capita "64 kWh (1993)" );; line 40826 (wfb::source-text industry the_gambia "peanut processing, tourism, beverages, agricultural machinery assembly, woodworking, metalworking, clothing" );; line 40830 (wfb::source-text agriculture the_gambia "accounts for 30% of GDP; one-third of food requirements is imported; major export crop is peanuts; other principal crops - millet, sorghum, rice, corn, cassava, palm kernels; livestock - cattle, sheep, goats; forestry and fishing resources not fully exploited" );; line 40835 (wfb::source-text economic_aid the_gambia recipient "US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-89), $93 million; Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-89), $535 million; Communist countries (1970-89), $39 million" );; line 40843 (wfb::source-text currency the_gambia "1 dalasi (D) = 100 butut" );; line 40849 (wfb::source-text exchange_rates the_gambia "dalasi (D) per US$1 - 9.565 (January 1995), 9.576 (1994), 9.129 (1993), 8.888 (1992), 8.803 (1991), 7.883 (1990)" );; line 40853 (wfb::source-text fiscal_year the_gambia "1 July - 30 June" );; line 40858 (wfb::source-text railroads the_gambia "0 km" );; line 40863 (wfb::source-text highways the_gambia total "3,083 km" );; line 40868 (wfb::source-text highways the_gambia paved "431 km" );; line 40870 (wfb::source-text highways the_gambia unpaved "gravel, crushed stone 501 km; unimproved earth 2,151 km" );; line 40872 (wfb::source-text inland_waterways the_gambia "400 km" );; line 40876 (wfb::source-text port the_gambia "Banjul" );; line 40880 (wfb::source-text merchant_marine the_gambia total "1 bulk ship (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 11,194 GRT/19,394 DWT" );; line 40885 (wfb::source-text airports the_gambia total "1" );; line 40890 (wfb::source-text airports the_gambia |with paved runways over 3,047 m| "1" );; line 40892 (wfb::source-text telephone_system the_gambia "3,500 telephones; telephone density - 4 telephones/1,000 persons" );; line 40897 (wfb::source-text telephone_system the_gambia local "NA" );; line 40899 (wfb::source-text telephone_system the_gambia intercity "adequate network of radio relay and wire" );; line 40901 (wfb::source-text telephone_system the_gambia international "1 Atlantic Ocean INTELSAT earth station" );; line 40903 (wfb::source-text radio the_gambia broadcast_stations "AM 3, FM 2, shortwave 0" );; line 40908 (wfb::source-text radio the_gambia radios "NA" );; line 40910 (wfb::source-text television the_gambia broadcast_stations "NA" );; line 40915 (wfb::source-text television the_gambia televisions "NA" );; line 40917 (wfb::source-text defense_branch the_gambia "Army, Navy, National Police" );; line 40923 (wfb::source-text manpower_availability the_gambia "males age 15-49 214,680; males fit for military service 108,659 (1995 est.)" );; line 40927 (wfb::source-text defense_expenditures the_gambia "exchange rate conversion - $14 million, 3.8% of GDP (FY93/94)" );; line 40932 (wfb::source-text location gaza_strip "Middle East, bordering the Mediterranean Sea, between Egypt and Israel" );; line 40948 (wfb::source-text map_references gaza_strip "Middle East" );; line 40953 (wfb::source-text area gaza_strip total_area "360 sq km" );; line 40958 (wfb::source-text area gaza_strip land_area "360 sq km" );; line 40960 (wfb::source-text area gaza_strip comparative_area "slightly more than twice the size of Washington, DC" );; line 40962 (wfb::source-text borders gaza_strip "total 62 km, Egypt 11 km, Israel 51 km" );; line 40966 (wfb::source-text coastline gaza_strip "40 km" );; line 40970 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims gaza_strip "Israeli occupied with interim status subject to Israeli/Palestinian negotiations - final status to be determined" );; line 40974 (wfb::source-text international_disputes gaza_strip "West Bank and Gaza Strip are Israeli occupied with interim status subject to Israeli/Palestinian negotiations - final status to be determined" );; line 40979 (wfb::source-text climate gaza_strip "temperate, mild winters, dry and warm to hot summers" );; line 40984 (wfb::source-text terrain gaza_strip "flat to rolling, sand- and dune-covered coastal plain" );; line 40988 (wfb::source-text natural-resource gaza_strip "negligible" );; line 40992 (wfb::source-text land_use gaza_strip arable_land "13%" );; line 40997 (wfb::source-text land_use gaza_strip permanent_crops "32%" );; line 40999 (wfb::source-text land_use gaza_strip meadows_and_pastures "0%" );; line 41001 (wfb::source-text land_use gaza_strip forest_and_woodland "0%" );; line 41003 (wfb::source-text land_use gaza_strip other "55%" );; line 41005 (wfb::source-text irrigated_land gaza_strip "115 sq km (1992 est.)" );; line 41009 (wfb::source-text environment gaza_strip current_issues "desertification" );; line 41014 (wfb::source-text environment gaza_strip natural_hazards "NA" );; line 41016 (wfb::source-text environment gaza_strip international_agreements "NA" );; line 41018 (wfb::source-text note gaza_strip "there are 24 Jewish settlements and civilian land use sites in the Gaza Strip (August 1994 est.)" );; line 41022 (wfb::source-text population gaza_strip "813,322 (July 1995 est.)" );; line 41029 (wfb::source-text age_structure gaza_strip 0-14_years "52% (female 205,192; male 215,158)" );; line 41037 (wfb::source-text age_structure gaza_strip 15-64_years "45% (female 185,748; male 183,886)" );; line 41039 (wfb::source-text age_structure gaza_strip 65_years_and_over "3% (female 13,106; male 10,232) (July 1995 est.)" );; line 41041 (wfb::source-text population_growth_rate gaza_strip "4.55% (1995 est.)" );; line 41045 (wfb::source-text birth_rate gaza_strip "50.24 births/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 41049 (wfb::source-text death_rate gaza_strip "4.75 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 41053 (wfb::source-text net_migration_rate gaza_strip "0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 41057 (wfb::source-text infant_mortality_rate gaza_strip "30.6 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.)" );; line 41061 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth gaza_strip total_population "71.09 years" );; line 41066 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth gaza_strip male "69.56 years" );; line 41068 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth gaza_strip female "72.69 years (1995 est.)" );; line 41070 (wfb::source-text total_fertility_rate gaza_strip "7.74 children born/woman (1995 est.)" );; line 41074 (wfb::source-text nationality gaza_strip noun "NA" );; line 41079 (wfb::source-text nationality gaza_strip adjective "NA" );; line 41081 (wfb::source-text ethnic-entity gaza_strip "Palestinian Arab and other 99.4%, Jewish 0.6%" );; line 41085 (wfb::source-text religion gaza_strip "Muslim (predominantly Sunni) 98.7%, Christian 0.7%, Jewish 0.6%" );; line 41089 (wfb::source-text language gaza_strip "Arabic, Hebrew (spoken by Israeli settlers), English (widely understood)" );; line 41093 (wfb::source-text literacy gaza_strip "NA%" );; line 41098 (wfb::source-text total_labor_force gaza_strip "NA" );; line 41102 (wfb::source-text labor_force_by_occupation gaza_strip by_occupation "construction 33.4%, agriculture 20.0%, commerce, restaurants, and hotels 14.9%, industry 10.0%, other services 21.7% (1991)" );; line 41104 (wfb::source-text note gaza_strip "Under the Israeli-PLO Declaration of Principles on Interim Self-Government Arrangements (\"the DOP\"), Israel agreed to transfer certain powers and responsibilities to the Palestinian Authority, and subsequently to an elected Palestinian Council, as part of interim self-governing arrangements in the West Bank and Gaza Strip. A transfer of powers and responsibilities for the Gaza Strip and Jericho has taken place pursuant to the Israel-PLO 4 May 1994 Cairo Agreement on the Gaza Strip and the Jericho Area. The DOP provides that Israel will retain responsibility during the transitional period for external security and for internal security and public order of settlements and Israelis. Final status is to be determined through direct negotiations within five years." );; line 41112 (wfb::source-text names gaza_strip conventional_long_form "none" );; line 41127 (wfb::source-text names gaza_strip conventional_short_form "Gaza Strip" );; line 41129 (wfb::source-text names gaza_strip local_long_form "none" );; line 41131 (wfb::source-text names gaza_strip local_short_form "Qita Ghazzah" );; line 41133 (wfb::source-text digraph gaza_strip "GZ" );; line 41137 (wfb::source-text overview gaza_strip "In 1991 roughly 40% of Gaza Strip workers were employed across the border by Israeli industrial, construction, and agricultural enterprises, with worker remittances supplementing GDP by roughly 50%. Gaza depends upon Israel for nearly 90% of its external trade. Aggravating the impact of Israeli military administration, unrest in the territory since 1988 (intifadah) has raised unemployment and lowered the standard of living of Gazans. The Persian Gulf crisis and its aftershocks also have dealt blows to Gaza since August 1990. Worker remittances from the Gulf states have dropped, unemployment has increased, and exports have fallen. The withdrawal of Israel from the Gaza Strip in May 1994 brings a new set of adjustment problems." );; line 41142 (wfb::source-text national_product gaza_strip "GDP - purchasing power parity - $1.7 billion (1993 est.)" );; line 41155 (wfb::source-text national_product_real_growth_rate gaza_strip "NA%" );; line 41159 (wfb::source-text national_product_per_capita gaza_strip "$2,400 (1993 est.)" );; line 41163 (wfb::source-text |Inflation rate (consumer prices)| gaza_strip "5.7% (1993)" );; line 41167 (wfb::source-text unemployment_rate gaza_strip "45% (1994 est.)" );; line 41171 (wfb::source-text budget gaza_strip revenues "$33.6 million" );; line 41176 (wfb::source-text budget gaza_strip expenditures "$34.5 million, including capital expenditures of $NA (FY89/90)" );; line 41178 (wfb::source-text exports gaza_strip "$83 million (f.o.b., 1992)" );; line 41182 (wfb::source-text exports gaza_strip commodities "citrus" );; line 41184 (wfb::source-text exports gaza_strip partners "Israel, Egypt" );; line 41186 (wfb::source-text imports gaza_strip "$365 million (c.i.f., 1992)" );; line 41190 (wfb::source-text imports gaza_strip commodities "food, consumer goods, construction materials" );; line 41192 (wfb::source-text imports gaza_strip partners "Israel, Egypt" );; line 41194 (wfb::source-text external_debt gaza_strip "$NA" );; line 41198 (wfb::source-text industrial_production gaza_strip "growth rate 11% (1991 est.)" );; line 41202 (wfb::source-text electricity gaza_strip "power supplied by Israel" );; line 41206 (wfb::source-text industry gaza_strip "generally small family businesses that produce textiles, soap, olive-wood carvings, and mother-of-pearl souvenirs; the Israelis have established some small-scale modern industries in an industrial center" );; line 41210 (wfb::source-text agriculture gaza_strip "olives, citrus and other fruits; vegetables; beef and dairy products" );; line 41216 (wfb::source-text economic_aid gaza_strip "$240 million disbursed from international aid pledges in 1994" );; line 41221 (wfb::source-text currency gaza_strip "1 new Israeli shekel (NIS) = 100 new agorot" );; line 41225 (wfb::source-text exchange_rates gaza_strip "new Israeli shekels (NIS) per US$1 - 3.0270 (December 1994), 3.0111 (1994), 2.8301 (1993), 2.4591 (1992), 2.2791 (1991), 2.0162 (1990)" );; line 41229 (wfb::source-text fiscal_year gaza_strip "calendar year (since 1 January 1992)" );; line 41234 (wfb::source-text railroads gaza_strip total "NA km; note - one line, abandoned and in disrepair, little trackage remains" );; line 41240 (wfb::source-text highways gaza_strip total "NA" );; line 41246 (wfb::source-text highways gaza_strip paved "NA" );; line 41248 (wfb::source-text highways gaza_strip unpaved "NA" );; line 41250 (wfb::source-text port gaza_strip "Gaza" );; line 41256 (wfb::source-text airports gaza_strip total "1" );; line 41261 (wfb::source-text airports gaza_strip with_paved_runways_under_914_m "1" );; line 41263 (wfb::source-text telephone_system gaza_strip "NA; note - 10% of Palestinian households have telephones (1992 est.)" );; line 41268 (wfb::source-text telephone_system gaza_strip local "NA" );; line 41271 (wfb::source-text telephone_system gaza_strip intercity "NA" );; line 41273 (wfb::source-text telephone_system gaza_strip international "NA" );; line 41275 (wfb::source-text radio gaza_strip broadcast_stations "AM 0, FM 0, shortwave 0" );; line 41280 (wfb::source-text radio gaza_strip radios "NA; note - 95% of Palestinian households have radios (1992 est.)" );; line 41282 (wfb::source-text television gaza_strip broadcast_stations "0" );; line 41287 (wfb::source-text television gaza_strip televisions "NA; note - 59% of Palestinian households have televisions (1992 est.)" );; line 41289 (wfb::source-text defense_branch gaza_strip "NA" );; line 41296 (wfb::source-text defense_expenditures gaza_strip "$NA, NA% of GDP" );; line 41300 (wfb::source-text location georgia "Southwestern Asia, bordering the Black Sea, between Turkey and Russia" );; line 41323 (wfb::source-text map_references georgia "Middle East" );; line 41328 (wfb::source-text area georgia total_area "69,700 sq km" );; line 41333 (wfb::source-text area georgia land_area "69,700 sq km" );; line 41335 (wfb::source-text area georgia comparative_area "slightly larger than South Carolina" );; line 41337 (wfb::source-text borders georgia "total 1,461 km, Armenia 164 km, Azerbaijan 322 km, Russia 723 km, Turkey 252 km" );; line 41341 (wfb::source-text coastline georgia "310 km" );; line 41346 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims georgia "NA" );; line 41350 (wfb::source-text international_disputes georgia "none" );; line 41354 (wfb::source-text climate georgia "warm and pleasant; Mediterranean-like on Black Sea coast" );; line 41358 (wfb::source-text terrain georgia "largely mountainous with Great Caucasus Mountains in the north and Lesser Caucasus Mountains in the south; Kolkhida Lowland opens to the Black Sea in the west; Mtkvari River Basin in the east; good soils in river valley flood plains, foothills of Kolkhida Lowland" );; line 41362 (wfb::source-text natural-resource georgia "forest lands, hydropower, manganese deposits, iron ores, copper, minor coal and oil deposits; coastal climate and soils allow for important tea and citrus growth" );; line 41369 (wfb::source-text land_use georgia arable_land "11%" );; line 41376 (wfb::source-text land_use georgia permanent_crops "4%" );; line 41378 (wfb::source-text land_use georgia meadows_and_pastures "29%" );; line 41380 (wfb::source-text land_use georgia forest_and_woodland "38%" );; line 41382 (wfb::source-text land_use georgia other "18%" );; line 41384 (wfb::source-text irrigated_land georgia "4,660 sq km (1990)" );; line 41388 (wfb::source-text environment georgia current_issues "air pollution, particularly in Rust'avi; heavy pollution of Mtkvari River and the Black Sea; inadequate supplies of potable water; soil pollution from toxic chemicals" );; line 41393 (wfb::source-text environment georgia natural_hazards "NA" );; line 41397 (wfb::source-text environment georgia international_agreements "party to - Biodiversity, Climate Change, Ship Pollution; signed, but not ratified - Desertification" );; line 41399 (wfb::source-text population georgia "5,725,972 (July 1995 est.)" );; line 41406 (wfb::source-text age_structure georgia 0-14_years "24% (female 674,331; male 707,355)" );; line 41411 (wfb::source-text age_structure georgia 15-64_years "64% (female 1,894,681; male 1,791,847)" );; line 41413 (wfb::source-text age_structure georgia 65_years_and_over "12% (female 410,703; male 247,055) (July 1995 est.)" );; line 41415 (wfb::source-text population_growth_rate georgia "0.77% (1995 est.)" );; line 41419 (wfb::source-text birth_rate georgia "15.77 births/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 41423 (wfb::source-text death_rate georgia "8.73 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 41427 (wfb::source-text net_migration_rate georgia "0.66 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 41431 (wfb::source-text infant_mortality_rate georgia "22.6 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.)" );; line 41435 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth georgia total_population "73.1 years" );; line 41440 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth georgia male "69.43 years" );; line 41442 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth georgia female "76.95 years (1995 est.)" );; line 41444 (wfb::source-text total_fertility_rate georgia "2.16 children born/woman (1995 est.)" );; line 41448 (wfb::source-text nationality georgia noun "Georgian(s)" );; line 41453 (wfb::source-text nationality georgia adjective "Georgian" );; line 41455 (wfb::source-text ethnic-entity georgia "Georgian 70.1%, Armenian 8.1%, Russian 6.3%, Azeri 5.7%, Ossetian 3%, Abkhaz 1.8%, other 5%" );; line 41459 (wfb::source-text religion georgia "Georgian Orthodox 65%, Russian Orthodox 10%, Muslim 11%, Armenian Orthodox 8%, unknown 6%" );; line 41464 (wfb::source-text language georgia "Armenian 7%, Azeri 6%, Georgian 71% (official), Russian 9%, other 7%" );; line 41469 (wfb::source-text literacy georgia "age 15 and over can read and write (1989)" );; line 41474 (wfb::source-text literacy georgia total_population "99%" );; line 41476 (wfb::source-text literacy georgia male "100%" );; line 41478 (wfb::source-text literacy georgia female "98%" );; line 41480 (wfb::source-text total_labor_force georgia "2.763 million" );; line 41484 (wfb::source-text labor_force_by_occupation georgia by_occupation "industry and construction 31%, agriculture and forestry 25%, other 44% (1990)" );; line 41486 (wfb::source-text names georgia conventional_long_form "Republic of Georgia" );; line 41493 (wfb::source-text names georgia conventional_short_form "Georgia" );; line 41495 (wfb::source-text names georgia local_long_form "Sak'art'velos Respublika" );; line 41497 (wfb::source-text names georgia local_short_form "Sak'art'velo" );; line 41499 (wfb::source-text names georgia former "Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic" );; line 41501 (wfb::source-text digraph georgia "GG" );; line 41505 (wfb::source-text type georgia "republic" );; line 41509 (wfb::source-text capital georgia "T'bilisi" );; line 41513 (wfb::source-text administrative_divisions georgia "2 autonomous republics (avtomnoy respubliki, singular - avtom respublika); Abkhazia (Sokhumi), Ajaria (Bat'umi)" );; line 41517 (wfb::source-text independence georgia "9 April 1991 (from Soviet Union)" );; line 41526 (wfb::source-text national_holiday georgia "Independence Day, 26 May (1991)" );; line 41530 (wfb::source-text constitution georgia "adopted 21 February 1921; currently amending constitution for Parliamentary and popular review by late 1995" );; line 41534 (wfb::source-text legal_system georgia "based on civil law system" );; line 41539 (wfb::source-text suffrage georgia "18 years of age; universal" );; line 41543 (wfb::source-text executive_branch georgia chief_of_state "Chairman of Parliament Eduard Amvrosiyevich SHEVARDNADZE (Chairman of the Government Council since 10 March 1992; elected Chairman of Parliament in 11 October 1992; note - the Government Council has since been disbanded); election last held 11 October 1992 (next to be held October 1995); results - Eduard SHEVARDNADZE 95%" );; line 41548 (wfb::source-text executive_branch georgia head_of_government "Prime Minister Otar PATSATSIA (since September 1993); Deputy Prime Ministers Avtandil MARGIANI, Zurab KERVALISHVILI (since 25 November 1992), Tamaz NADAREISHVILI (since September 1993), Temur BASILIA (since 17 March 1994), Bakur GULA (since NA)" );; line 41554 (wfb::source-text executive_branch georgia cabinet "Council of Ministers" );; line 41559 (wfb::source-text legislative_structure georgia "unicameral" );; line 41563 (wfb::source-text legislative_branch georgia |Georgian Parliament (Supreme Soviet)| "elections last held 11 October 1992 (next to be held October 1995); results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (225 total) number of seats by party NA" );; line 41565 (wfb::source-text judicial_branch georgia "Supreme Court" );; line 41571 (wfb::source-text political_parties_and_leaders georgia "Citizens Union (CU), Eduard SHEVARDNADZE, Zurab SHVANIA, general secretary; National Democratic Party (NDP), Georgi (Gia) CHANTURIA, Ivane GIORGADZE; United Republican Party, umbrella organization for parties including the GPF and the Charter 1991 Party, cochairmen Bakhtand DZABIRADZE, Notar NATADZE, and Theodor PAATASHVILI; Georgian Popular Front (GPF), Nodar NATADZE, chairman; Charter 1991 Party, Thedor PAATASHVILI; Georgian Social Democratic Party (GSDP), Guram MUCHAIDZE, secretary general; National Reconstruction and Rebirth of Georgia Union, Valerian ADVADZE; Christian Democratic Union (CDU), Irakli SHENGELAYA; Democratic Georgia Union (DGU), El'dar SHENGELAYA; National Independence Party (NIP), Irakliy TSERETELI, chairman; Georgian Monarchists' Party (GMP), Temur ZHORZHOLIANI; Green Party, Zurab ZHVANIA; Republican Party (RP), Ivliane KHAINDRAVA; Workers' Union of Georgia (WUG), Vakhtang GABUNIA; Agrarian Party of Georgia (APG), Roin LIPARTELIANI; Choice Society (Archevani), Jaba IOSELIANI, chairman; Georgian Workers Communist Party, Panteleimon GIORGADZE, chairman; National Liberation Front, Tengiz SIGULA, chairman" );; line 41575 (wfb::source-text other_political_or_pressure_groups georgia "supporters of ousted President Zviad GAMSAKHURDIA (deceased 1 January 1994) boycotted the October elections and remain a source of opposition" );; line 41593 (wfb::source-text member_of georgia "BSEC, CCC, CIS, EBRD, ECE, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, ILO, IMF, IMO, INMARSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, IOM (observer), ITU, NACC, OSCE, PFP, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO" );; line 41599 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us georgia chief_of_mission "Ambassador Tedo JAPARIDZE" );; line 41606 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us georgia chancery "(temporary) Suite 424, 1511 K Street NW, Washington, DC 20005" );; line 41608 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us georgia telephone "[1] (202) 393-6060, 5959" );; line 41610 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation georgia chief_of_mission "Ambassador Kent N. BROWN" );; line 41615 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation georgia embassy "#25 Antoneli Street, T'bilisi 380026" );; line 41617 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation georgia mailing_address "use embassy street address" );; line 41619 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation georgia telephone "[7] (8832) 98-99-67, 93-38-03" );; line 41621 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation georgia fax "[7] (8832) 93-37-59" );; line 41623 (wfb::source-text flag georgia "maroon field with small rectangle in upper hoist side corner; rectangle divided horizontally with black on top, white below" );; line 41627 (wfb::source-text overview georgia "Georgia's economy has traditionally revolved around Black Sea tourism; cultivation of citrus fruits, tea, and grapes; mining of manganese and copper; and a small industrial sector producing wine, metals, machinery, chemicals, and textiles. The country imports the bulk of its energy needs, including natural gas and oil products. Its only sizable domestic energy resource is hydropower. Since 1990, widespread conflicts, e.g., in Abkhazia, South Ossetia, and Mingreliya, have severely aggravated the economic crisis resulting from the disintegration of the Soviet command economy in December 1991. Throughout 1993 and 1994, much of industry was functioning at only 20% of capacity; heavy disruptions in agricultural cultivation were reported; and tourism was shut down. The country is precariously dependent on US and EU humanitarian grain shipments, as most other foods are priced beyond reach of the average citizen. Georgia is also suffering from an acute energy crisis, as it is having problems paying for even minimal imports. Georgia is pinning its hopes for recovery on reestablishing trade ties with Russia and on developing international transportation through the key Black Sea ports of P'ot'i and Bat'umi. The government began a tenuous program in 1994 aiming to stabilize prices and reduce large consumer subsidies." );; line 41633 (wfb::source-text national_product georgia "GDP - purchasing power parity - $6 billion (1994 estimate as extrapolated from World Bank estimate for 1992)" );; line 41654 (wfb::source-text national_product_real_growth_rate georgia "-30% (1994 est.)" );; line 41659 (wfb::source-text national_product_per_capita georgia "$1,060 (1994 est.)" );; line 41663 (wfb::source-text |Inflation rate (consumer prices)| georgia "40.5% per month (2nd half 1993 est.)" );; line 41667 (wfb::source-text unemployment_rate georgia "officially less than 5% but real unemployment may be more than 20%, with even larger numbers of underemployed workers" );; line 41671 (wfb::source-text budget georgia revenues "$NA" );; line 41677 (wfb::source-text budget georgia expenditures "$NA, including capital expenditures of $NA" );; line 41679 (wfb::source-text exports georgia "$NA" );; line 41683 (wfb::source-text exports georgia commodities "citrus fruits, tea, wine, other agricultural products; diverse types of machinery; ferrous and nonferrous metals; textiles; chemicals; fuel re-exports" );; line 41685 (wfb::source-text exports georgia partners "Russia, Turkey, Armenia, Azerbaijan (1992)" );; line 41689 (wfb::source-text imports georgia "$NA" );; line 41693 (wfb::source-text imports georgia commodities "fuel, grain and other foods, machinery and parts, transport equipment" );; line 41695 (wfb::source-text imports georgia partners "Russia, Azerbaijan, Turkey (1993); note - EU and US sent humanitarian food shipments" );; line 41698 (wfb::source-text external_debt georgia "NA (T'bilisi owes about $400 million to Turkmenistan for natural gas as of January 1995)" );; line 41703 (wfb::source-text industrial_production georgia "growth rate -27% (1993); accounts for 36% of GDP" );; line 41708 (wfb::source-text electricity georgia capacity "4,410,000 kW" );; line 41713 (wfb::source-text electricity georgia production "9.1 billion kWh" );; line 41715 (wfb::source-text electricity georgia consumption_per_capita "1,526 kWh (1993)" );; line 41717 (wfb::source-text industry georgia "heavy industrial products include raw steel, rolled steel, airplanes; machine tools, foundry equipment, electric locomotives, tower cranes, electric welding equipment, machinery for food preparation and meat packing, electric motors, process control equipment, instruments; trucks, tractors, and other farm machinery; light industrial products, including cloth, hosiery, and shoes; chemicals; wood-working industries; the most important food industry is wine" );; line 41721 (wfb::source-text agriculture georgia "accounted for 97% of former USSR citrus fruits and 93% of former USSR tea; important producer of grapes; also cultivates vegetables and potatoes; dependent on imports for grain, dairy products, sugar; small livestock sector" );; line 41731 (wfb::source-text illicit_drugs georgia "illicit cultivator of cannabis and opium poppy; mostly for domestic consumption; used as transshipment point for illicit drugs to Western Europe" );; line 41738 (wfb::source-text economic_aid georgia recipient "heavily dependent on US and EU for humanitarian grain shipments; EC granted around $70 million in trade credits in 1992 and another $40 million in 1993; Turkey granted $50 million in 1993; smaller scale credits granted by Russia and China" );; line 41745 (wfb::source-text currency georgia "coupons introduced in April 1993 to be followed by introduction of the lari at undetermined future date; in July 1993 use of the Russian ruble was banned" );; line 41752 (wfb::source-text exchange_rates georgia "coupons per $US1 - 1,280,000 (end December 1994)" );; line 41758 (wfb::source-text fiscal_year georgia "calendar year" );; line 41762 (wfb::source-text railroads georgia total "1,570 km in common carrier service; does not include industrial lines" );; line 41768 (wfb::source-text railroads georgia broad_gauge "1,570 km 1.520-m gauge (1990)" );; line 41771 (wfb::source-text highways georgia total "33,900 km" );; line 41776 (wfb::source-text highways georgia paved_and_graveled "29,500 km" );; line 41778 (wfb::source-text highways georgia unpaved "earth 4,400 km (1990)" );; line 41780 (wfb::source-text pipelines georgia "crude oil 370 km; refined products 300 km; natural gas 440 km (1992)" );; line 41784 (wfb::source-text port georgia "Bat'umi, P'ot'i, Sokhumi" );; line 41789 (wfb::source-text merchant_marine georgia total "32 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 419,416 GRT/640,897 DWT" );; line 41794 (wfb::source-text merchant_marine georgia ships_by_type "bulk 11, cargo 1, oil tanker 19, short-sea passenger 1" );; line 41796 (wfb::source-text airports georgia total "28" );; line 41801 (wfb::source-text airports georgia |with paved runways over 3,047 m| "1" );; line 41803 (wfb::source-text airports georgia |with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m| "7" );; line 41805 (wfb::source-text airports georgia |with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m| "4" );; line 41807 (wfb::source-text airports georgia |with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m| "1" );; line 41809 (wfb::source-text airports georgia with_paved_runways_under_914_m "1" );; line 41811 (wfb::source-text airports georgia |with unpaved runways over 3,047 m| "1" );; line 41813 (wfb::source-text airports georgia |with unpaved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m| "1" );; line 41815 (wfb::source-text airports georgia |with unpaved runways 1,524 to 2,438 m| "1" );; line 41817 (wfb::source-text airports georgia |with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m| "5" );; line 41819 (wfb::source-text airports georgia with_unpaved_runways_under_914_m "6" );; line 41821 (wfb::source-text note georgia "transportation network is in poor condition and disrupted by ethnic conflict, criminal activities, and fuel shortages; network lacks maintenance and repair" );; line 41825 (wfb::source-text telephone_system georgia "672,000 telephones (mid-1993); 117 telephones/1,000 persons; poor telephone service; 339,000 unsatisfied applications for telephones (December 1990)" );; line 41832 (wfb::source-text telephone_system georgia local "NA" );; line 41836 (wfb::source-text telephone_system georgia intercity "NA" );; line 41838 (wfb::source-text telephone_system georgia international "links via landline to CIS members and Turkey; low-capacity satellite link and leased international connections via the Moscow international gateway switch with other countries; international electronic mail and telex service available" );; line 41840 (wfb::source-text radio georgia broadcast_stations "AM NA, FM NA, shortwave NA" );; line 41848 (wfb::source-text radio georgia radios "NA" );; line 41850 (wfb::source-text television georgia broadcast_stations "NA" );; line 41855 (wfb::source-text television georgia televisions "NA" );; line 41857 (wfb::source-text defense_branch georgia "Army, Navy, Air Force, Interior Ministry Troops, Border Guards/National Guard" );; line 41863 (wfb::source-text manpower_availability georgia "males age 15-49 1,385,593; males fit for military service 1,095,835; males reach military age (18) annually 42,207 (1995 est.)" );; line 41868 (wfb::source-text defense_expenditures georgia "exchange rate conversion - $85 million, NA% of GDP (1992)" );; line 41873 (wfb::source-text note georgia "Georgian forces are poorly organized and not fully under the government's control" );; line 41877 (wfb::source-text location germany "Central Europe, bordering the Baltic Sea and the North Sea, between the Netherlands and Poland, south of Denmark" );; line 41888 (wfb::source-text map_references germany "Europe" );; line 41893 (wfb::source-text area germany total_area "356,910 sq km" );; line 41898 (wfb::source-text area germany land_area "349,520 sq km" );; line 41900 (wfb::source-text area germany comparative_area "slightly smaller than Montana" );; line 41902 (wfb::source-text borders germany "total 3,621 km, Austria 784 km, Belgium 167 km, Czech Republic 646 km, Denmark 68 km, France 451 km, Luxembourg 138 km, Netherlands 577 km, Poland 456 km, Switzerland 334 km" );; line 41910 (wfb::source-text coastline germany "2,389 km" );; line 41916 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims germany continental_shelf "200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation" );; line 41921 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims germany exclusive_economic_zone "200 nm" );; line 41923 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims germany territorial_sea "12 nm" );; line 41925 (wfb::source-text international_disputes germany "none" );; line 41929 (wfb::source-text climate germany "temperate and marine; cool, cloudy, wet winters and summers; occasional warm, tropical foehn wind; high relative humidity" );; line 41933 (wfb::source-text terrain germany "lowlands in north, uplands in center, Bavarian Alps in south" );; line 41938 (wfb::source-text natural-resource germany "iron ore, coal, potash, timber, lignite, uranium, copper, natural gas, salt, nickel" );; line 41942 (wfb::source-text land_use germany arable_land "34%" );; line 41948 (wfb::source-text land_use germany permanent_crops "1%" );; line 41950 (wfb::source-text land_use germany meadows_and_pastures "16%" );; line 41952 (wfb::source-text land_use germany forest_and_woodland "30%" );; line 41954 (wfb::source-text land_use germany other "19%" );; line 41956 (wfb::source-text irrigated_land germany "4,800 sq km (1989 est.)" );; line 41960 (wfb::source-text environment germany current_issues "emissions from coal-burning utilities and industries and lead emissions from vehicle exhausts (the result of continued use of leaded fuels) contribute to air pollution; acid rain, resulting from sulfur dioxide emissions, is damaging forests; heavy pollution in the Baltic Sea from raw sewage and industrial effluents from rivers in eastern Germany" );; line 41965 (wfb::source-text environment germany natural_hazards "NA" );; line 41971 (wfb::source-text environment germany international_agreements "party to - Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Sulphur 85, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Wetlands, Whaling; signed, but not ratified - Air Pollution-Sulphur 94, Desertification, Hazardous Wastes" );; line 41973 (wfb::source-text note germany "strategic location on North European Plain and along the entrance to the Baltic Sea" );; line 41983 (wfb::source-text population germany "81,337,541 (July 1995 est.)" );; line 41990 (wfb::source-text age_structure germany 0-14_years "16% (female 6,518,108; male 6,857,577)" );; line 41995 (wfb::source-text age_structure germany 15-64_years "68% (female 27,167,824; male 28,130,083)" );; line 41997 (wfb::source-text age_structure germany 65_years_and_over "16% (female 8,127,938; male 4,536,011) (July 1995 est.)" );; line 41999 (wfb::source-text population_growth_rate germany "0.26% (1995 est.)" );; line 42003 (wfb::source-text birth_rate germany "10.98 births/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 42007 (wfb::source-text death_rate germany "10.83 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 42011 (wfb::source-text net_migration_rate germany "2.46 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 42015 (wfb::source-text infant_mortality_rate germany "6.3 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.)" );; line 42019 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth germany total_population "76.62 years" );; line 42024 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth germany male "73.5 years" );; line 42026 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth germany female "79.92 years (1995 est.)" );; line 42028 (wfb::source-text total_fertility_rate germany "1.5 children born/woman (1995 est.)" );; line 42032 (wfb::source-text nationality germany noun "German(s)" );; line 42037 (wfb::source-text nationality germany adjective "German" );; line 42039 (wfb::source-text ethnic-entity germany "German 95.1%, Turkish 2.3%, Italians 0.7%, Greeks 0.4%, Poles 0.4%, other 1.1% (made up largely of people fleeing the war in the former Yugoslavia)" );; line 42043 (wfb::source-text religion germany "Protestant 45%, Roman Catholic 37%, unaffiliated or other 18%" );; line 42049 (wfb::source-text language germany "German" );; line 42053 (wfb::source-text literacy germany "age 15 and over can read and write (1991 est.)" );; line 42057 (wfb::source-text literacy germany total_population "99%" );; line 42059 (wfb::source-text total_labor_force germany "36.75 million" );; line 42063 (wfb::source-text labor_force_by_occupation germany by_occupation "industry 41%, agriculture 6%, other 53% (1987)" );; line 42065 (wfb::source-text names germany conventional_long_form "Federal Republic of Germany" );; line 42071 (wfb::source-text names germany conventional_short_form "Germany" );; line 42073 (wfb::source-text names germany local_long_form "Bundesrepublik Deutschland" );; line 42075 (wfb::source-text names germany local_short_form "Deutschland" );; line 42077 (wfb::source-text digraph germany "GM" );; line 42081 (wfb::source-text type germany "federal republic" );; line 42085 (wfb::source-text capital germany "Berlin" );; line 42089 (wfb::source-text administrative_divisions germany "16 states (laender, singular - land); Baden-Wuerttemberg, Bayern, Berlin, Brandenburg, Bremen, Hamburg, Hessen, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Niedersachsen, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Rheinland-Pfalz, Saarland, Sachsen, Sachsen-Anhalt, Schleswig-Holstein, Thueringen" );; line 42097 (wfb::source-text independence germany "18 January 1871 (German Empire unification); divided into four zones of occupation (UK, US, USSR, and later, France) in 1945 following World War II; Federal Republic of Germany (FRG or West Germany) proclaimed 23 May 1949 and included the former UK, US, and French zones; German Democratic Republic (GDR or East Germany) proclaimed 7 October 1949 and included the former USSR zone; unification of West Germany and East Germany took place 3 October 1990; all four power rights formally relinquished 15 March 1991" );; line 42104 (wfb::source-text national_holiday germany "German Unity Day (Day of Unity), 3 October (1990)" );; line 42115 (wfb::source-text constitution germany "23 May 1949, known as Basic Law; became constitution of the united German people 3 October 1990" );; line 42119 (wfb::source-text legal_system germany "civil law system with indigenous concepts; judicial review of legislative acts in the Federal Constitutional Court; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction" );; line 42124 (wfb::source-text suffrage germany "18 years of age; universal" );; line 42130 (wfb::source-text executive_branch germany chief_of_state "President Roman HERZOG (since 1 July 1994)" );; line 42135 (wfb::source-text executive_branch germany head_of_government "Chancellor Dr. Helmut KOHL (since 4 October 1982)" );; line 42137 (wfb::source-text executive_branch germany cabinet "Cabinet; appointed by the president upon the proposal of the chancellor" );; line 42139 (wfb::source-text legislative_structure germany "bicameral chamber (no official name for the two chambers as a whole)" );; line 42144 (wfb::source-text legislative_branch germany |Federal Assembly (Bundestag)| "last held 16 October 1994 (next to be held by NA 1998); results - CDU 34.2%, SPD 36.4%, Alliance 90/Greens 7.3%, CSU 7.3%, FDP 6.9%, PDS 4.4%, Republicans 1.9% ; seats - (662 total, but number can vary) CDU 244, SPD 252, Alliance 90/Greens 49, CSU 50, FDP 47, PDS 30; elected by direct popular vote under a system combining direct and proportional representation; a party must win 5% of the national vote or 3 direct mandates to gain representation" );; line 42147 (wfb::source-text legislative_branch germany |Federal Council (Bundesrat)| "State governments are directly represented by votes; each has 3 to 6 votes depending on size and are required to vote as a block; current composition: votes - (68 total) SPD-led states 37, CDU-led states 31" );; line 42155 (wfb::source-text judicial_branch germany "Federal Constitutional Court (Bundesverfassungsgericht)" );; line 42161 (wfb::source-text political_parties_and_leaders germany "Christian Democratic Union (CDU), Helmut KOHL, chairman; Christian Social Union (CSU), Theo WAIGEL, chairman; Free Democratic Party (FDP), Klaus KINKEL, chairman; Social Democratic Party (SPD), Rudolf SCHARPING, chairman; Alliance '90/Greens, Krista SAGER, Juergen TRITTIN, cochairpersons; Party of Democratic Socialism (PDS), Lothar BISKY, chairman; Republikaner, Rolf SCHLIERER, chairman; National Democratic Party (NPD), Guenter DECKERT; Communist Party (DKP), Rolf PRIEMER" );; line 42165 (wfb::source-text other_political_or_pressure_groups germany "expellee, refugee, and veterans groups" );; line 42175 (wfb::source-text member_of germany "AfDB, AG (observer), AsDB, Australia Group, BDEAC, BIS, CBSS, CCC, CDB (non-regional), CE, CERN, EBRD, EC, ECE, EIB, ESA, FAO, G- 5, G- 7, G-10, GATT, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, INMARSAT, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, MINURSO, MTCR, NACC, NAM (guest), NATO, NEA, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OSCE, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNITAR, UNOMIG, UPU, WEU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC" );; line 42179 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us germany chief_of_mission "Ambassador Juergen CHROBOG" );; line 42190 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us germany chancery "4645 Reservoir Road NW, Washington, DC 20007" );; line 42192 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us germany telephone "[1] (202) 298-4000" );; line 42194 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us germany fax "[1] (202) 298-4249" );; line 42196 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us germany |consulate(s) general| "Atlanta, Boston, Chicago, Detroit, Houston, Los Angeles, Miami, New York, San Francisco, Seattle" );; line 42198 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us germany |consulate(s)| "Manila (Trust Territories of the Pacific Islands) and Wellington (America Samoa)" );; line 42201 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation germany chief_of_mission "Ambassador Charles E. REDMAN" );; line 42207 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation germany embassy "Deichmanns Aue 29, 53170 Bonn" );; line 42209 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation germany mailing_address "Unit 21701, Bonn; APO AE 09080" );; line 42211 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation germany telephone "[49] (228) 3391" );; line 42213 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation germany fax "[49] (228) 339-2663" );; line 42215 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation germany branch_office "Berlin" );; line 42217 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation germany |consulate(s) general| "Frankfurt, Hamburg, Leipzig, Munich, and Stuttgart" );; line 42219 (wfb::source-text flag germany "three equal horizontal bands of black (top), red, and yellow" );; line 42223 (wfb::source-text overview germany "Five years after the fall of the Berlin Wall, progress towards economic integration between eastern and western Germany is clearly visible, yet the eastern region almost certainly will remain dependent on subsidies funded by western Germany until well into the next century. The staggering $390 billion in western German assistance that the eastern states have received since 1990 - 40 times the amount in real terms of US Marshall Fund aid sent to West Germany after World War II - is just beginning to have an impact on the eastern German standard of living, which plummeted after unification. Assistance to the east continues to run at roughly $100 billion annually. Although the growth rate in the east was much greater than in the west in 1993-94, eastern GDP per capita nonetheless remains well below preunification levels; it will take 10-15 years for the eastern states to match western Germany's living standards. The economic recovery in the east is led by the construction industries which account for one-third of industrial output, with growth increasingly supported by the service sectors and light manufacturing industries. Eastern Germany's economy is changing from one anchored on manufacturing to a more service-oriented economy. Western Germany, with three times the per capita output of the eastern states, has an advanced market economy and is a world leader in exports. The strong recovery in 1994 from recession began in the export sector and spread to the investment and consumption sectors in response to falling interest rates. Western Germany has a highly urbanized and skilled population that enjoys excellent living standards, abundant leisure time, and comprehensive social welfare benefits. It is relatively poor in natural resources, coal being the most important mineral. Western Germany's world-class companies manufacture technologically advanced goods. The region's economy is mature: services and manufacturing account for the dominant share of economic activities, and raw materials and semimanufactured goods constitute a large portion of imports." );; line 42228 (wfb::source-text national_product germany "GDP - purchasing power parity - $1.3446 trillion (1994 est.)" );; line 42260 (wfb::source-text national_product germany_western "GDP - purchasing power parity - $1.2363 trillion (1994 est.)" );; line 42262 (wfb::source-text national_product germany_eastern "GDP - purchasing power parity - $108.3 billion (1994 est.)" );; line 42264 (wfb::source-text national_product_real_growth_rate germany "2.9% (1994 est.)" );; line 42269 (wfb::source-text national_product_real_growth_rate germany_western "2.3% (1994 est.)" );; line 42271 (wfb::source-text national_product_real_growth_rate germany_eastern "9.2% (1994 est.)" );; line 42273 (wfb::source-text national_product_per_capita germany "$16,580 (1994 est.)" );; line 42278 (wfb::source-text national_product_per_capita germany_western "$19,660 (1994 est.)" );; line 42280 (wfb::source-text national_product_per_capita germany_eastern "$5,950 (1994 est.)" );; line 42282 (wfb::source-text |Inflation rate (consumer prices)| germany_western "3% (1994)" );; line 42287 (wfb::source-text |Inflation rate (consumer prices)| germany_eastern "3.2% (1994 est.)" );; line 42289 (wfb::source-text unemployment_rate germany_western "8.2% (December 1994)" );; line 42294 (wfb::source-text unemployment_rate germany_eastern "13.5% (December 1994)" );; line 42296 (wfb::source-text budget germany revenues "$690 billion" );; line 42301 (wfb::source-text budget germany expenditures "$780 billion, including capital expenditures of $96.5 billion (1994)" );; line 42303 (wfb::source-text exports germany "$437 billion (f.o.b., 1994)" );; line 42308 (wfb::source-text exports germany commodities "manufactures 89.3% (including machines and machine tools, chemicals, motor vehicles, iron and steel products), agricultural products 5.5%, raw materials 2.7%, fuels 1.3% (1993)" );; line 42310 (wfb::source-text exports germany partners "EC 47.9% (France 11.7%, Netherlands 7.4%, Italy 7.5%, UK 7.7%, Belgium-Luxembourg 6.6%), EFTA 15.5%, US 7.7%, Eastern Europe 5.2%, OPEC 3.0% (1993)" );; line 42314 (wfb::source-text imports germany "$362 billion (f.o.b., 1994)" );; line 42319 (wfb::source-text imports germany commodities "manufactures 75.1%, agricultural products 10.0%, fuels 8.3%, raw materials 5.0% (1993)" );; line 42321 (wfb::source-text imports germany partners "EC 46.4% (France 11.3%, Netherlands 8.4%, Italy 8.1%, UK 6.0%, Belgium-Luxembourg 5.7%), EFTA 14.3%, US 7.3%, Japan 6.3%, Eastern Europe 5.1%, OPEC 2.6% (1993)" );; line 42324 (wfb::source-text external_debt germany "$NA" );; line 42330 (wfb::source-text industrial_production germany_western "growth rate 2.8% (1994)" );; line 42335 (wfb::source-text industrial_production germany_eastern "growth rate $NA" );; line 42337 (wfb::source-text electricity germany capacity "115,430,000 kW" );; line 42342 (wfb::source-text electricity germany production "493 billion kWh" );; line 42344 (wfb::source-text electricity germany consumption_per_capita "5,683 kWh (1993)" );; line 42346 (wfb::source-text industry germany_western "among world's largest and technologically advanced producers of iron, steel, coal, cement, chemicals, machinery, vehicles, machine tools, electronics; food and beverages" );; line 42351 (wfb::source-text industry germany_eastern "metal fabrication, chemicals, brown coal, shipbuilding, machine building, food and beverages, textiles, petroleum refining" );; line 42355 (wfb::source-text agriculture germany_western "accounts for about 1% of GDP (including fishing and forestry); diversified crop and livestock farming; principal crops and livestock include potatoes, wheat, barley, sugar beets, fruit, cabbage, cattle, pigs, poultry; net importer of food" );; line 42361 (wfb::source-text agriculture germany_eastern "accounts for about 10% of GDP (including fishing and forestry); principal crops - wheat, rye, barley, potatoes, sugar beets, fruit; livestock products include pork, beef, chicken, milk, hides and skins; net importer of food" );; line 42366 (wfb::source-text illicit_drugs germany "source of precursor chemicals for South American cocaine processors; transshipment point for Southwest Asian heroin and Latin American cocaine for West European markets" );; line 42373 (wfb::source-text economic_aid germany western-donor "ODA and OOF commitments (1970-89), $75.5 billion" );; line 42380 (wfb::source-text economic_aid germany eastern-donor "bilateral to non-Communist less developed countries (1956-89) $4 billion" );; line 42382 (wfb::source-text currency germany "1 deutsche mark (DM) = 100 pfennige" );; line 42387 (wfb::source-text exchange_rates germany "deutsche marks (DM) per US$1 - 1.5313 (January 1995), 1.6228 (1994), 1.6533 (1993), 1.5617 (1992), 1.6595 (1991), 1.6157 (1990)" );; line 42391 (wfb::source-text fiscal_year germany "calendar year" );; line 42396 (wfb::source-text railroads germany total "43,457 km" );; line 42402 (wfb::source-text railroads germany standard_gauge "43,190 km (electrified 16,694 km)" );; line 42404 (wfb::source-text railroads germany narrow_gauge "267 km (1994)" );; line 42406 (wfb::source-text highways germany total "636,282 km" );; line 42411 (wfb::source-text highways germany paved "501,282 km (10,955 km of autobahn)" );; line 42413 (wfb::source-text highways germany unpaved "135,000 km (1991)" );; line 42415 (wfb::source-text inland_waterways germany_western "5,222 km, of which almost 70% are usable by craft of 1,000-metric-ton capacity or larger; major rivers include the Rhine and Elbe; Kiel Canal is an important connection between the Baltic Sea and North Sea" );; line 42420 (wfb::source-text inland_waterways germany_eastern "2,319 km (1988)" );; line 42424 (wfb::source-text pipelines germany "crude oil 3,644 km; petroleum products 3,946 km; natural gas 97,564 km (1988)" );; line 42428 (wfb::source-text port germany "Berlin, Bonn, Brake, Bremen, Bremerhaven, Cologne, Dresden, Duisburg, Emden, Hamburg, Karlsruhe, Kiel, Lubeck, Magdeburg, Mannheim, Rostock, Stuttgart" );; line 42433 (wfb::source-text merchant_marine germany total "481 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 5,065,074 GRT/6,409,198 DWT" );; line 42440 (wfb::source-text merchant_marine germany ships_by_type "barge carrier 6, bulk 8, cargo 224, chemical tanker 16, combination bulk 4, combination ore/oil 5, container 158, liquefied gas tanker 13, oil tanker 10, passenger 3, railcar carrier 4, refrigerated cargo 7, roll-on/roll-off cargo 18, short-sea passenger 5" );; line 42443 (wfb::source-text airports germany total "660" );; line 42454 (wfb::source-text airports germany |with paved runways over 3,047 m| "13" );; line 42456 (wfb::source-text airports germany |with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m| "64" );; line 42458 (wfb::source-text airports germany |with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m| "68" );; line 42460 (wfb::source-text airports germany |with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m| "53" );; line 42462 (wfb::source-text airports germany with_paved_runways_under_914_m "381" );; line 42464 (wfb::source-text airports germany |with unpaved runways over 3,047 m| "2" );; line 42466 (wfb::source-text airports germany |with unpaved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m| "8" );; line 42468 (wfb::source-text airports germany |with unpaved runways 1,524 to 2,438 m| "9" );; line 42470 (wfb::source-text airports germany |with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m| "62" );; line 42472 (wfb::source-text telephone_system germany_western "40,300,000 telephones; highly developed, modern telecommunication service to all parts of the country; fully adequate in all respects; intensively developed, highly redundant cable and microwave radio relay networks, all completely automatic" );; line 42478 (wfb::source-text telephone_system germany local "very modern" );; line 42483 (wfb::source-text telephone_system germany intercity "domestic satellite, microwave radio relay, and cable systems" );; line 42485 (wfb::source-text telephone_system germany international "12 INTELSAT (Atlantic Ocean), 2 INTELSAT (Indian Ocean), and 1 EUTELSAT earth station; 2 HF radiocommunication centers; tropospheric scatter links" );; line 42487 (wfb::source-text telephone_system germany_eastern "3,970,000 telephones; badly needs modernization" );; line 42491 (wfb::source-text telephone_system germany local "NA" );; line 42493 (wfb::source-text telephone_system germany intercity "NA" );; line 42495 (wfb::source-text telephone_system germany international "1 INTELSAT earth station and 1 Intersputnik system" );; line 42497 (wfb::source-text radio germany_western "NA" );; line 42502 (wfb::source-text radio germany broadcast_stations "AM 80, FM 470, shortwave 0" );; line 42504 (wfb::source-text radio germany radios "NA" );; line 42506 (wfb::source-text radio germany_eastern "NA" );; line 42508 (wfb::source-text radio germany broadcast_stations "AM 23, FM 17, shortwave 0" );; line 42510 (wfb::source-text radio germany radios "67 million" );; line 42512 (wfb::source-text television germany broadcast_stations "246 (repeaters 6,000); note - there are 15 Russian repeaters in eastern Germany" );; line 42517 (wfb::source-text television germany televisions "25 million in western Germany, 6 million in eastern Germany" );; line 42520 (wfb::source-text defense_branch germany "Army, Navy (includes Naval Air Arm), Air Force, Border Police, Coast Guard" );; line 42526 (wfb::source-text manpower_availability germany "males 15-49 20,274,127; males fit for military service 17,472,940; males reach military age (18) annually 428,082 (1995 est.)" );; line 42531 (wfb::source-text defense_expenditures germany "exchange rate conversion - $40 billion, 1.8% of GNP (1995)" );; line 42536 (wfb::source-text location ghana "Western Africa, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean, between Cote d'Ivoire and Togo" );; line 42546 (wfb::source-text map_references ghana "Africa" );; line 42551 (wfb::source-text area ghana total_area "238,540 sq km" );; line 42556 (wfb::source-text area ghana land_area "230,020 sq km" );; line 42558 (wfb::source-text area ghana comparative_area "slightly smaller than Oregon" );; line 42560 (wfb::source-text borders ghana "total 2,093 km, Burkina 548 km, Cote d'Ivoire 668 km, Togo 877 km" );; line 42564 (wfb::source-text coastline ghana "539 km" );; line 42569 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims ghana contiguous_zone "24 nm" );; line 42574 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims ghana continental_shelf "200 nm" );; line 42576 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims ghana exclusive_economic_zone "200 nm" );; line 42578 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims ghana territorial_sea "12 nm" );; line 42580 (wfb::source-text international_disputes ghana "none" );; line 42584 (wfb::source-text climate ghana "tropical; warm and comparatively dry along southeast coast; hot and humid in southwest; hot and dry in north" );; line 42588 (wfb::source-text terrain ghana "mostly low plains with dissected plateau in south-central area" );; line 42593 (wfb::source-text natural-resource ghana "gold, timber, industrial diamonds, bauxite, manganese, fish, rubber" );; line 42597 (wfb::source-text land_use ghana arable_land "5%" );; line 42603 (wfb::source-text land_use ghana permanent_crops "7%" );; line 42605 (wfb::source-text land_use ghana meadows_and_pastures "15%" );; line 42607 (wfb::source-text land_use ghana forest_and_woodland "37%" );; line 42609 (wfb::source-text land_use ghana other "36%" );; line 42611 (wfb::source-text irrigated_land ghana "80 sq km (1989)" );; line 42615 (wfb::source-text environment ghana current_issues "recent drought in north severely affecting agricultural activities; deforestation; overgrazing; soil erosion; poaching and habitat destruction threatens wildlife populations; water pollution; inadequate supplies of potable water" );; line 42620 (wfb::source-text environment ghana natural_hazards "dry, dusty, harmattan winds occur from January to March; droughts" );; line 42625 (wfb::source-text environment ghana international_agreements "party to - Biodiversity, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Law of the Sea, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Wetlands; signed, but not ratified - Climate Change, Desertification, Marine Life Conservation" );; line 42627 (wfb::source-text note ghana "Lake Volta is the world's largest artificial lake; northeasterly harmattan wind (January to March)" );; line 42634 (wfb::source-text population ghana "17,763,138 (July 1995 est.)" );; line 42641 (wfb::source-text age_structure ghana 0-14_years "46% (female 4,030,154; male 4,069,945)" );; line 42646 (wfb::source-text age_structure ghana 15-64_years "51% (female 4,638,451; male 4,494,533)" );; line 42648 (wfb::source-text age_structure ghana 65_years_and_over "3% (female 276,186; male 253,869) (July 1995 est.)" );; line 42650 (wfb::source-text population_growth_rate ghana "3.06% (1995 est.)" );; line 42654 (wfb::source-text birth_rate ghana "43.57 births/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 42658 (wfb::source-text death_rate ghana "12.02 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 42662 (wfb::source-text net_migration_rate ghana "-0.94 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 42666 (wfb::source-text infant_mortality_rate ghana "81.7 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.)" );; line 42670 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth ghana total_population "55.85 years" );; line 42675 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth ghana male "53.88 years" );; line 42677 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth ghana female "57.88 years (1995 est.)" );; line 42679 (wfb::source-text total_fertility_rate ghana "6.09 children born/woman (1995 est.)" );; line 42683 (wfb::source-text nationality ghana noun "Ghanaian(s)" );; line 42688 (wfb::source-text nationality ghana adjective "Ghanaian" );; line 42690 (wfb::source-text ethnic-entity ghana "black African 99.8% (major tribes - Akan 44%, Moshi-Dagomba 16%, Ewe 13%, Ga 8%), European and other 0.2%" );; line 42694 (wfb::source-text religion ghana "indigenous beliefs 38%, Muslim 30%, Christian 24%, other 8%" );; line 42699 (wfb::source-text language ghana "English (official), African languages (including Akan, Moshi-Dagomba, Ewe, and Ga)" );; line 42703 (wfb::source-text literacy ghana "age 15 and over can read and write (1990 est.)" );; line 42708 (wfb::source-text literacy ghana total_population "60%" );; line 42710 (wfb::source-text literacy ghana male "70%" );; line 42712 (wfb::source-text literacy ghana female "51%" );; line 42714 (wfb::source-text total_labor_force ghana "3.7 million" );; line 42718 (wfb::source-text labor_force_by_occupation ghana by_occupation "agriculture and fishing 54.7%, industry 18.7%, sales and clerical 15.2%, services, transportation, and communications 7.7%, professional 3.7%" );; line 42720 (wfb::source-text names ghana conventional_long_form "Republic of Ghana" );; line 42727 (wfb::source-text names ghana conventional_short_form "Ghana" );; line 42729 (wfb::source-text names ghana former "Gold Coast" );; line 42731 (wfb::source-text digraph ghana "GH" );; line 42735 (wfb::source-text type ghana "constitutional democracy" );; line 42739 (wfb::source-text capital ghana "Accra" );; line 42743 (wfb::source-text administrative_divisions ghana "10 regions; Ashanti, Brong-Ahafo, Central, Eastern, Greater Accra, Northern, Upper East, Upper West, Volta, Western" );; line 42747 (wfb::source-text independence ghana "6 March 1957 (from UK)" );; line 42752 (wfb::source-text national_holiday ghana "Independence Day, 6 March (1957)" );; line 42756 (wfb::source-text constitution ghana "new constitution approved 28 April 1992" );; line 42760 (wfb::source-text legal_system ghana "based on English common law and customary law; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction" );; line 42764 (wfb::source-text suffrage ghana "18 years of age; universal" );; line 42769 (wfb::source-text executive_branch ghana chief_of_state_and_head_of_government "President Jerry John RAWLINGS (since 3 November 1992) election last held 3 November 1992 (next to be held November 1996); results - opposition boycotted the election, the National Democratic Congress won 198 of the total 200 seats and 2 seats were won by independents" );; line 42774 (wfb::source-text executive_branch ghana cabinet "Cabinet; president nominates members subject to approval by the Parliament" );; line 42779 (wfb::source-text legislative_structure ghana "unicameral" );; line 42784 (wfb::source-text legislative_branch ghana national_assembly "elections last held 29 December 1992 (next to be held December 1996); results - opposition boycotted the election; the National Democratic Congress won 198 0f 200 total seats and independents won 2" );; line 42786 (wfb::source-text judicial_branch ghana "Supreme Court" );; line 42792 (wfb::source-text political_parties_and_leaders ghana "National Democratic Congress, Jerry John RAWLINGS; New Patriotic Party, Albert Adu BOAHEN; People's Heritage Party, Alex ERSKINE; various other smaller parties" );; line 42796 (wfb::source-text member_of ghana "ACP, AfDB, C, CCC, ECA, ECOWAS, FAO, G-24, G-77, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, IOM (observer), ITU, MINURSO, NAM, OAU, UN, UNAMIR, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNIFIL, UNIKOM, UNPROFOR, UNU, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO" );; line 42802 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us ghana chief_of_mission "Ambassador Ekwow SPIO-GARBRAH" );; line 42810 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us ghana chancery "3512 International Drive NW, Washington, DC 20008" );; line 42812 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us ghana telephone "[1] (202) 686-4520" );; line 42814 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us ghana fax "[1] (202) 686-4527" );; line 42816 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us ghana |consulate(s) general| "New York" );; line 42818 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation ghana chief_of_mission "Ambassador Kenneth L. BROWN (scheduled to leave in June 1995)" );; line 42823 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation ghana embassy "Ring Road East, East of Danquah Circle, Accra" );; line 42825 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation ghana mailing_address "P. O. Box 194, Accra" );; line 42827 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation ghana telephone "[233] (21) 775348, 775349, 775297, 775298" );; line 42829 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation ghana fax "[233] (21) 776008" );; line 42831 (wfb::source-text flag ghana "three equal horizontal bands of red (top), yellow, and green with a large black five-pointed star centered in the gold band; uses the popular pan-African colors of Ethiopia; similar to the flag of Bolivia, which has a coat of arms centered in the yellow band" );; line 42835 (wfb::source-text overview ghana "Well endowed with natural resources, Ghana is relatively well off, having twice the per capita output of the poorer countries in West Africa. Heavily reliant on international assistance, Ghana has made steady progress in liberalizing its economy since 1983. Overall growth continued at a rate of approximately 5% in 1994, due largely to increased gold, timber, and cocoa production - major sources of foreign exchange. The economy, however, continues to revolve around subsistence agriculture, which accounts for 45% of GDP and employs 55% of the work force, mainly small landholders. Public sector wage increases, regional peacekeeping commitments, and the containment of internal unrest in the underdeveloped north have placed substantial demands on the government's budget and have led to inflationary deficit financing and a 27% depreciation of the cedi in 1994." );; line 42843 (wfb::source-text national_product ghana "GDP - purchasing power parity - $22.6 billion (1994 est.)" );; line 42858 (wfb::source-text national_product_real_growth_rate ghana "5% (1994 est.)" );; line 42862 (wfb::source-text national_product_per_capita ghana "$1,310 (1994 est.)" );; line 42866 (wfb::source-text |Inflation rate (consumer prices)| ghana "25% (1993 est.)" );; line 42870 (wfb::source-text unemployment_rate ghana "10% (1991)" );; line 42874 (wfb::source-text budget ghana revenues "$1.05 billion" );; line 42879 (wfb::source-text budget ghana expenditures "$1.2 billion, including capital expenditures of $178 million (1993)" );; line 42881 (wfb::source-text exports ghana "$1 billion (f.o.b., 1993 est.)" );; line 42886 (wfb::source-text exports ghana commodities "cocoa 40%, gold, timber, tuna, bauxite, and aluminum" );; line 42888 (wfb::source-text exports ghana partners "Germany 31%, US 12%, UK 11%, Netherlands 6%, Japan 5% (1991)" );; line 42890 (wfb::source-text imports ghana "$1.7 billion (c.i.f., 1993 est.)" );; line 42894 (wfb::source-text imports ghana commodities "petroleum 16%, consumer goods, foods, intermediate goods, capital equipment" );; line 42896 (wfb::source-text imports ghana partners "UK 22%, US 11%, Germany 9%, Japan 6%" );; line 42899 (wfb::source-text external_debt ghana "$4.6 billion (December 1993 est.)" );; line 42903 (wfb::source-text industrial_production ghana "growth rate 3.4% in manufacturing (1993); accounts for almost 15% of GDP" );; line 42907 (wfb::source-text electricity ghana capacity "1,180,000 kW" );; line 42913 (wfb::source-text electricity ghana production "6.1 billion kWh" );; line 42915 (wfb::source-text electricity ghana consumption_per_capita "323 kWh (1993)" );; line 42917 (wfb::source-text industry ghana "mining, lumbering, light manufacturing, aluminum, food processing" );; line 42921 (wfb::source-text agriculture ghana "accounts for almost 50% of GDP (including fishing and forestry); the major cash crop is cocoa; other principal crops - rice, coffee, cassava, peanuts, corn, shea nuts, timber; normally self-sufficient in food" );; line 42925 (wfb::source-text illicit_drugs ghana "illicit producer of cannabis for the international drug trade; transit hub for Southwest and Southeast Asian heroin destined for Europe and the US" );; line 42931 (wfb::source-text economic_aid ghana recipient "US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-89), $455 million; Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-89), $2.6 billion; OPEC bilateral aid (1979-89), $78 million; Communist countries (1970-89) $106 million" );; line 42938 (wfb::source-text currency ghana "1 new cedi (C) = 100 pesewas" );; line 42945 (wfb::source-text exchange_rates ghana "new cedis per US$1 - 1,046.74 (December 1994), 936.71 (1994), 649.06 (1993), 437.09 (1992), 367.83 (1991), 326.33 (1990)" );; line 42949 (wfb::source-text fiscal_year ghana "calendar year" );; line 42954 (wfb::source-text railroads ghana total "953 km; note - undergoing major renovation" );; line 42960 (wfb::source-text railroads ghana narrow_gauge "953 km 1.067-m gauge (32 km double track)" );; line 42962 (wfb::source-text highways ghana total "32,250 km" );; line 42967 (wfb::source-text highways ghana paved "concrete, bituminous 6,084 km" );; line 42969 (wfb::source-text highways ghana unpaved "gravel, crushed stone, improved earth 26,166 km" );; line 42971 (wfb::source-text inland_waterways ghana "Volta, Ankobra, and Tano Rivers provide 168 km of perennial navigation for launches and lighters; Lake Volta provides 1,125 km of arterial and feeder waterways" );; line 42975 (wfb::source-text pipelines ghana "none" );; line 42981 (wfb::source-text port ghana "Takoradi, Tema" );; line 42985 (wfb::source-text merchant_marine ghana total "3 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 27,427 GRT/35,894 DWT" );; line 42990 (wfb::source-text merchant_marine ghana ships_by_type "cargo 2, refrigerated cargo 1" );; line 42992 (wfb::source-text airports ghana total "12" );; line 42997 (wfb::source-text airports ghana |with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m| "3" );; line 42999 (wfb::source-text airports ghana |with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m| "1" );; line 43001 (wfb::source-text airports ghana |with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m| "2" );; line 43003 (wfb::source-text airports ghana with_paved_runways_under_914_m "2" );; line 43005 (wfb::source-text airports ghana |with unpaved runways 1,524 to 2,438 m| "2" );; line 43007 (wfb::source-text airports ghana |with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m| "2" );; line 43009 (wfb::source-text telephone_system ghana "42,300 telephones; poor to fair system; telephone density - 2.4/1,000 persons" );; line 43014 (wfb::source-text telephone_system ghana local "NA" );; line 43017 (wfb::source-text telephone_system ghana intercity "primarily microwave radio relay" );; line 43019 (wfb::source-text telephone_system ghana international "1 Atlantic Ocean INTELSAT earth station" );; line 43021 (wfb::source-text radio ghana broadcast_stations "AM 4, FM 1, shortwave 0" );; line 43026 (wfb::source-text radio ghana radios "NA" );; line 43028 (wfb::source-text television ghana broadcast_stations "4 (translators 8)" );; line 43033 (wfb::source-text television ghana televisions "NA" );; line 43035 (wfb::source-text defense_branch ghana "Army, Navy, Air Force, Police Force, Palace Guard, Civil Defense" );; line 43041 (wfb::source-text manpower_availability ghana "males age 15-49 3,975,767; males fit for military service 2,217,032; males reach military age (18) annually 170,723 (1995 est.)" );; line 43045 (wfb::source-text defense_expenditures ghana "exchange rate conversion - $108 million, 1.5% of GDP (1993)" );; line 43050 (wfb::source-text location gibraltar "Southwestern Europe, bordering the Strait of Gibraltar, which links the Mediterranean Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean, on the southern coast of Spain" );; line 43061 (wfb::source-text map_references gibraltar "Europe" );; line 43067 (wfb::source-text area gibraltar total_area "6.5 sq km" );; line 43072 (wfb::source-text area gibraltar land_area "6.5 sq km" );; line 43074 (wfb::source-text area gibraltar comparative_area "about 11 times the size of The Mall in Washington, DC" );; line 43076 (wfb::source-text borders gibraltar "total 1.2 km, Spain 1.2 km" );; line 43080 (wfb::source-text coastline gibraltar "12 km" );; line 43084 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims gibraltar territorial_sea "3 nm" );; line 43089 (wfb::source-text international_disputes gibraltar "source of occasional friction between Spain and the UK" );; line 43093 (wfb::source-text climate gibraltar "Mediterranean with mild winters and warm summers" );; line 43097 (wfb::source-text terrain gibraltar "a narrow coastal lowland borders The Rock" );; line 43101 (wfb::source-text natural-resource gibraltar "negligible" );; line 43105 (wfb::source-text land_use gibraltar arable_land "0%" );; line 43110 (wfb::source-text land_use gibraltar permanent_crops "0%" );; line 43112 (wfb::source-text land_use gibraltar meadows_and_pastures "0%" );; line 43114 (wfb::source-text land_use gibraltar forest_and_woodland "0%" );; line 43116 (wfb::source-text land_use gibraltar other "100%" );; line 43118 (wfb::source-text irrigated_land gibraltar "NA sq km" );; line 43122 (wfb::source-text environment gibraltar current_issues "limited natural freshwater resources, so large concrete or natural rock water catchments collect rain water" );; line 43127 (wfb::source-text environment gibraltar natural_hazards "NA" );; line 43130 (wfb::source-text environment gibraltar international_agreements "NA" );; line 43132 (wfb::source-text note gibraltar "strategic location on Strait of Gibraltar that links the North Atlantic Ocean and Mediterranean Sea" );; line 43136 (wfb::source-text population gibraltar "31,874 (July 1995 est.)" );; line 43143 (wfb::source-text age_structure gibraltar 0-14_years "24% (female 3,757; male 3,835)" );; line 43148 (wfb::source-text age_structure gibraltar 15-64_years "63% (female 9,730; male 10,485)" );; line 43150 (wfb::source-text age_structure gibraltar 65_years_and_over "13% (female 2,360; male 1,707) (July 1995 est.)" );; line 43152 (wfb::source-text population_growth_rate gibraltar "0.62% (1995 est.)" );; line 43156 (wfb::source-text birth_rate gibraltar "15 births/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 43160 (wfb::source-text death_rate gibraltar "8.85 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 43164 (wfb::source-text net_migration_rate gibraltar "0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 43168 (wfb::source-text infant_mortality_rate gibraltar "7.9 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.)" );; line 43172 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth gibraltar total_population "76.61 years" );; line 43177 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth gibraltar male "73.7 years" );; line 43179 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth gibraltar female "79.48 years (1995 est.)" );; line 43181 (wfb::source-text total_fertility_rate gibraltar "2.29 children born/woman (1995 est.)" );; line 43185 (wfb::source-text nationality gibraltar noun "Gibraltarian(s)" );; line 43190 (wfb::source-text nationality gibraltar adjective "Gibraltar" );; line 43192 (wfb::source-text ethnic-entity gibraltar "Italian, English, Maltese, Portuguese, Spanish" );; line 43196 (wfb::source-text religion gibraltar "Roman Catholic 74%, Protestant 11% (Church of England 8%, other 3%), Moslem 8%, Jewish 2%, none or other 5% (1981)" );; line 43200 (wfb::source-text language gibraltar "English (used in schools and for official purposes), Spanish, Italian, Portuguese, Russian" );; line 43205 (wfb::source-text literacy gibraltar "NA%" );; line 43210 (wfb::source-text total_labor_force gibraltar "14,800 (including non-Gibraltar laborers)" );; line 43214 (wfb::source-text names gibraltar conventional_long_form "none" );; line 43223 (wfb::source-text names gibraltar conventional_short_form "Gibraltar" );; line 43225 (wfb::source-text digraph gibraltar "GI" );; line 43229 (wfb::source-text type gibraltar "dependent territory of the UK" );; line 43233 (wfb::source-text capital gibraltar "Gilbraltar" );; line 43237 (wfb::source-text administrative_divisions gibraltar "none (dependent territory of the UK)" );; line 43241 (wfb::source-text independence gibraltar "none (dependent territory of the UK)" );; line 43245 (wfb::source-text national_holiday gibraltar "Commonwealth Day (second Monday of March)" );; line 43249 (wfb::source-text constitution gibraltar "30 May 1969" );; line 43253 (wfb::source-text legal_system gibraltar "English law" );; line 43257 (wfb::source-text suffrage gibraltar "18 years of age; universal, plus other UK subjects resident six months or more" );; line 43261 (wfb::source-text executive_branch gibraltar chief_of_state "Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952), represented by Governor and Commander in Chief Gen. Sir John CHAPPLE (since NA March 1993)" );; line 43267 (wfb::source-text executive_branch gibraltar head_of_government "Chief Minister Joe BOSSANO (since 25 March 1988)" );; line 43270 (wfb::source-text executive_branch gibraltar gibraltar_council "advises the governor" );; line 43272 (wfb::source-text executive_branch gibraltar cabinet "Council of Ministers; appointed from the elected members of the Assembly by the governor in consultation with the chief minister" );; line 43274 (wfb::source-text legislative_structure gibraltar "unicameral" );; line 43279 (wfb::source-text legislative_branch gibraltar house_of_assembly "elections last held on 16 January 1992 (next to be held January 1996); results - SL 73.3%; seats - (18 total, 15 elected) number of seats by party NA" );; line 43281 (wfb::source-text judicial_branch gibraltar "Supreme Court, Court of Appeal" );; line 43287 (wfb::source-text political_parties_and_leaders gibraltar "Gibraltar Socialist Labor Party (SL), Joe BOSSANO; Gibraltar Labor Party/Association for the Advancement of Civil Rights (GCL/AACR), leader NA; Gibraltar Social Democrats, Peter CARUANA; Gibraltar National Party, Joe GARCIA" );; line 43291 (wfb::source-text other_political_or_pressure_groups gibraltar "Housewives Association; Chamber of Commerce; Gibraltar Representatives Organization" );; line 43298 (wfb::source-text member_of gibraltar "INTERPOL (subbureau)" );; line 43303 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us gibraltar "none (dependent territory of the UK)" );; line 43307 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation gibraltar "none (dependent territory of the UK)" );; line 43311 (wfb::source-text flag gibraltar "two horizontal bands of white (top, double width) and red with a three-towered red castle in the center of the white band; hanging from the castle gate is a gold key centered in the red band" );; line 43315 (wfb::source-text overview gibraltar "Gibraltar benefits from an extensive shipping trade and offshore banking. The British military presence has been severely reduced and now only contributes about 11% to the local economy. The financial sector accounts for 15% of GDP; tourism, shipping services fees, and duties on consumer goods also generate revenue. Because more than 70% of the economy is in the public sector, changes in government spending have a major impact on the level of employment." );; line 43322 (wfb::source-text national_product gibraltar "GDP - purchasing power parity - $205 million (1993 est.)" );; line 43331 (wfb::source-text national_product_real_growth_rate gibraltar "NA%" );; line 43335 (wfb::source-text national_product_per_capita gibraltar "$6,600 (1993 est.)" );; line 43339 (wfb::source-text |Inflation rate (consumer prices)| gibraltar "3.6% (1988)" );; line 43343 (wfb::source-text unemployment_rate gibraltar "NA%" );; line 43347 (wfb::source-text budget gibraltar revenues "$116 million" );; line 43352 (wfb::source-text budget gibraltar expenditures "$124 million, including capital expenditures of $NA (1992-93)" );; line 43354 (wfb::source-text exports gibraltar "$57 million (f.o.b., 1992)" );; line 43358 (wfb::source-text exports gibraltar commodities "(principally re-exports) petroleum 51%, manufactured goods 41%, other 8%" );; line 43360 (wfb::source-text exports gibraltar partners "UK, Morocco, Portugal, Netherlands, Spain, US, FRG" );; line 43363 (wfb::source-text imports gibraltar "$420 million (c.i.f., 1992)" );; line 43367 (wfb::source-text imports gibraltar commodities "fuels, manufactured goods, and foodstuffs" );; line 43369 (wfb::source-text imports gibraltar partners "UK, Spain, Japan, Netherlands" );; line 43371 (wfb::source-text external_debt gibraltar "$318 million (1987)" );; line 43375 (wfb::source-text industrial_production gibraltar "growth rate NA%" );; line 43379 (wfb::source-text electricity gibraltar capacity "47,000 kW" );; line 43384 (wfb::source-text electricity gibraltar production "90 million kWh" );; line 43386 (wfb::source-text electricity gibraltar consumption_per_capita "2,539 kWh (1993)" );; line 43388 (wfb::source-text industry gibraltar "tourism, banking and finance, construction, commerce; support to large UK naval and air bases; transit trade and supply depot in the port; light manufacturing of tobacco, roasted coffee, ice, mineral waters, candy, beer, and canned fish" );; line 43392 (wfb::source-text agriculture gibraltar "none" );; line 43399 (wfb::source-text economic_aid gibraltar recipient "US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-88), $800,000; Western (non-US) countries and ODA bilateral commitments (1992-93), $2.5 million" );; line 43404 (wfb::source-text currency gibraltar "1 Gibraltar pound (#G) = 100 pence" );; line 43409 (wfb::source-text exchange_rates gibraltar "Gibraltar pounds (#G) per US$1 - 0.6350 (January 1995), 0.6529 (1994), 0.6658 (1993), 0.5664 (1992), 0.5652 (1991), 0.5603 (1990); note - the Gibraltar pound is at par with the British pound" );; line 43413 (wfb::source-text fiscal_year gibraltar "1 July - 30 June" );; line 43419 (wfb::source-text railroads gibraltar total "NA km; 1.000-m gauge system in dockyard area only" );; line 43425 (wfb::source-text highways gibraltar total "50 km" );; line 43430 (wfb::source-text highways gibraltar paved "50 km" );; line 43432 (wfb::source-text pipelines gibraltar "none" );; line 43436 (wfb::source-text port gibraltar "Gibraltar" );; line 43440 (wfb::source-text merchant_marine gibraltar total "23 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 419,707 GRT/721,110 DWT" );; line 43445 (wfb::source-text merchant_marine gibraltar ships_by_type "bulk 3, cargo 3, chemical tanker 1, container 2, oil tanker 14" );; line 43447 (wfb::source-text airports gibraltar total "1" );; line 43452 (wfb::source-text airports gibraltar |with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m| "1" );; line 43454 (wfb::source-text telephone_system gibraltar "9,400 telephones; adequate, automatic domestic system and adequate international radiocommunication and microwave facilities" );; line 43459 (wfb::source-text telephone_system gibraltar local "NA" );; line 43462 (wfb::source-text telephone_system gibraltar intercity "NA" );; line 43464 (wfb::source-text telephone_system gibraltar international "1 INTELSAT (Atlantic Ocean) earth station" );; line 43466 (wfb::source-text radio gibraltar broadcast_stations "AM 1, FM 6, shortwave 0" );; line 43471 (wfb::source-text radio gibraltar radios "NA" );; line 43473 (wfb::source-text television gibraltar broadcast_stations "4" );; line 43478 (wfb::source-text television gibraltar televisions "NA" );; line 43480 (wfb::source-text defense_branch gibraltar "British Army, Royal Navy, Royal Air Force" );; line 43486 (wfb::source-text note gibraltar "defense is the responsibility of the UK" );; line 43490 (wfb::source-text location glorioso_islands "Southern Africa, group of islands in the Indian Ocean, northwest of Madagascar" );; line 43500 (wfb::source-text map_references glorioso_islands "Africa" );; line 43505 (wfb::source-text area glorioso_islands total_area "5 sq km" );; line 43510 (wfb::source-text area glorioso_islands land_area "5 sq km" );; line 43512 (wfb::source-text area glorioso_islands comparative_area "about 8.5 times the size of The Mall in Washington, DC" );; line 43514 (wfb::source-text borders glorioso_islands "0 km" );; line 43521 (wfb::source-text coastline glorioso_islands "35.2 km" );; line 43525 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims glorioso_islands exclusive_economic_zone "200 nm" );; line 43530 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims glorioso_islands territorial_sea "12 nm" );; line 43532 (wfb::source-text international_disputes glorioso_islands "claimed by Madagascar" );; line 43536 (wfb::source-text climate glorioso_islands "tropical" );; line 43540 (wfb::source-text terrain glorioso_islands "NA" );; line 43544 (wfb::source-text natural-resource glorioso_islands "guano, coconuts" );; line 43548 (wfb::source-text land_use glorioso_islands arable_land "0%" );; line 43553 (wfb::source-text land_use glorioso_islands permanent_crops "0%" );; line 43555 (wfb::source-text land_use glorioso_islands meadows_and_pastures "0%" );; line 43557 (wfb::source-text land_use glorioso_islands forest_and_woodland "0%" );; line 43559 (wfb::source-text land_use glorioso_islands other "100% (all lush vegetation and coconut palms)" );; line 43561 (wfb::source-text irrigated_land glorioso_islands "0 sq km" );; line 43565 (wfb::source-text environment glorioso_islands current_issues "NA" );; line 43570 (wfb::source-text environment glorioso_islands natural_hazards "periodic cyclones" );; line 43572 (wfb::source-text environment glorioso_islands international_agreements "NA" );; line 43574 (wfb::source-text population glorioso_islands "uninhabited" );; line 43580 (wfb::source-text names glorioso_islands conventional_long_form "none" );; line 43586 (wfb::source-text names glorioso_islands conventional_short_form "Glorioso Islands" );; line 43588 (wfb::source-text names glorioso_islands local_long_form "none" );; line 43590 (wfb::source-text names glorioso_islands local_short_form "Iles Glorieuses" );; line 43592 (wfb::source-text digraph glorioso_islands "GO" );; line 43596 (wfb::source-text type glorioso_islands "French possession administered by Commissioner of the Republic, resident in Reunion" );; line 43600 (wfb::source-text capital glorioso_islands "none; administered by France from Reunion" );; line 43605 (wfb::source-text independence glorioso_islands "none (possession of France)" );; line 43609 (wfb::source-text overview glorioso_islands "no economic activity" );; line 43614 (wfb::source-text port glorioso_islands "none; offshore anchorage only" );; line 43619 (wfb::source-text airports glorioso_islands total "1" );; line 43624 (wfb::source-text airports glorioso_islands |with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m| "1" );; line 43626 (wfb::source-text note glorioso_islands "defense is the responsibility of France" );; line 43636 (wfb::source-text location greece "Southern Europe, bordering the Aegean Sea, Ionian Sea, and the Mediterranean Sea, between Albania and Turkey" );; line 43646 (wfb::source-text map_references greece "Europe" );; line 43651 (wfb::source-text area greece total_area "131,940 sq km" );; line 43656 (wfb::source-text area greece land_area "130,800 sq km" );; line 43658 (wfb::source-text area greece comparative_area "slightly smaller than Alabama" );; line 43660 (wfb::source-text borders greece "total 1,210 km, Albania 282 km, Bulgaria 494 km, Turkey 206 km, The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia 228 km" );; line 43664 (wfb::source-text coastline greece "13,676 km" );; line 43669 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims greece continental_shelf "200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation" );; line 43674 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims greece territorial_sea "6 nm" );; line 43676 (wfb::source-text international_disputes greece "complex maritime, air, and territorial disputes with Turkey in Aegean Sea; Cyprus question; dispute with The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia over name, symbols, and certain constitutional provisions; Greece is involved in a bilateral dispute with Albania over border demarcation, the treatment of Albania's ethnic Greek minority, and migrant Albanian workers in Greece" );; line 43680 (wfb::source-text climate greece "temperate; mild, wet winters; hot, dry summers" );; line 43689 (wfb::source-text terrain greece "mostly mountains with ranges extending into sea as peninsulas or chains of islands" );; line 43693 (wfb::source-text natural-resource greece "bauxite, lignite, magnesite, petroleum, marble" );; line 43698 (wfb::source-text land_use greece arable_land "23%" );; line 43703 (wfb::source-text land_use greece permanent_crops "8%" );; line 43705 (wfb::source-text land_use greece meadows_and_pastures "40%" );; line 43707 (wfb::source-text land_use greece forest_and_woodland "20%" );; line 43709 (wfb::source-text land_use greece other "9%" );; line 43711 (wfb::source-text irrigated_land greece "11,900 sq km (1989 est.)" );; line 43715 (wfb::source-text environment greece current_issues "air pollution; water pollution" );; line 43720 (wfb::source-text environment greece natural_hazards "severe earthquakes" );; line 43722 (wfb::source-text environment greece international_agreements "party to - Air Pollution, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Marine Dumping, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Wetlands; signed, but not ratified - Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Sulphur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Desertification, Law of the Sea" );; line 43724 (wfb::source-text note greece "strategic location dominating the Aegean Sea and southern approach to Turkish Straits; a peninsular country, possessing an archipelago of about 2,000 islands" );; line 43733 (wfb::source-text population greece "10,647,511 (July 1995 est.)" );; line 43741 (wfb::source-text age_structure greece 0-14_years "18% (female 904,374; male 947,494)" );; line 43746 (wfb::source-text age_structure greece 15-64_years "67% (female 3,601,029; male 3,565,931)" );; line 43748 (wfb::source-text age_structure greece 65_years_and_over "15% (female 919,044; male 709,639) (July 1995 est.)" );; line 43750 (wfb::source-text population_growth_rate greece "0.72% (1995 est.)" );; line 43754 (wfb::source-text birth_rate greece "10.56 births/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 43758 (wfb::source-text death_rate greece "9.31 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 43762 (wfb::source-text net_migration_rate greece "5.99 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 43766 (wfb::source-text infant_mortality_rate greece "8.3 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.)" );; line 43770 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth greece total_population "77.92 years" );; line 43775 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth greece male "75.39 years" );; line 43777 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth greece female "80.59 years (1995 est.)" );; line 43779 (wfb::source-text total_fertility_rate greece "1.46 children born/woman (1995 est.)" );; line 43783 (wfb::source-text nationality greece noun "Greek(s)" );; line 43788 (wfb::source-text nationality greece adjective "Greek" );; line 43790 (wfb::source-text ethnic-entity greece "Greek 98%, other 2%" );; line 43794 (wfb::source-text religion greece "Greek Orthodox 98%, Muslim 1.3%, other 0.7%" );; line 43801 (wfb::source-text language greece "Greek (official), English, French" );; line 43805 (wfb::source-text literacy greece "age 15 and over can read and write (1991)" );; line 43809 (wfb::source-text literacy greece total_population "95%" );; line 43811 (wfb::source-text literacy greece male "98%" );; line 43813 (wfb::source-text literacy greece female "93%" );; line 43815 (wfb::source-text total_labor_force greece "4.077 million" );; line 43819 (wfb::source-text labor_force_by_occupation greece by_occupation "services 52%, agriculture 23%, industry 25% (1994)" );; line 43821 (wfb::source-text names greece conventional_long_form "Hellenic Republic" );; line 43827 (wfb::source-text names greece conventional_short_form "Greece" );; line 43829 (wfb::source-text names greece local_long_form "Elliniki Dhimokratia" );; line 43831 (wfb::source-text names greece local_short_form "Ellas" );; line 43833 (wfb::source-text names greece former "Kingdom of Greece" );; line 43835 (wfb::source-text digraph greece "GR" );; line 43839 (wfb::source-text type greece "presidential parliamentary government; monarchy rejected by referendum 8 December 1974" );; line 43843 (wfb::source-text capital greece "Athens" );; line 43848 (wfb::source-text administrative_divisions greece "52 prefectures (nomoi, singular - nomos); Aitolia kai Akarnania, Akhaia, Argolis, Arkadhia, Arta, Attiki, Dhodhekanisos, Dhrama, Evritania, Evros, Evvoia, Florina, Fokis, Fthiotis, Grevena, Ilia, Imathia, Ioannina, Iraklion, Kardhitsa, Kastoria, Kavala, Kefallinia, Kerkira, Khalkidhiki, Khania, Khios, Kikladhes, Kilkis, Korinthia, Kozani, Lakonia, Larisa, Lasithi, Lesvos, Levkas, Magnisia, Messinia, Pella, Pieria, Piraievs, Preveza, Rethimni, Rodhopi, Samos, Serrai, Thesprotia, Thessaloniki, Trikala, Voiotia, Xanthi, Zakinthos, autonomous region: Agion Oros (Mt. Athos)" );; line 43852 (wfb::source-text independence greece "1829 (from the Ottoman Empire)" );; line 43863 (wfb::source-text national_holiday greece "Independence Day, 25 March (1821) (proclamation of the war of independence)" );; line 43867 (wfb::source-text constitution greece "11 June 1975" );; line 43872 (wfb::source-text legal_system greece "based on codified Roman law; judiciary divided into civil, criminal, and administrative courts" );; line 43876 (wfb::source-text suffrage greece "18 years of age; universal and compulsory" );; line 43881 (wfb::source-text executive_branch greece chief_of_state "President Konstantinos (Kostis) STEPHANOPOULOS (since 10 March 1995) election last held 10 March 1995 (next to be held by NA 2000); results - Konstantinos STEPHANOPOULOS was elected by Parliament" );; line 43886 (wfb::source-text executive_branch greece head_of_government "Prime Minister Andreas PAPANDREOU (since 10 October 1993)" );; line 43890 (wfb::source-text executive_branch greece cabinet "Cabinet; appointed by the president on recommendation of the prime minister" );; line 43892 (wfb::source-text legislative_structure greece "unicameral" );; line 43897 (wfb::source-text legislative_branch greece |Chamber of Deputies (Vouli ton Ellinon)| "elections last held 10 October 1993 (next to be held by NA October 1997); results - PASOK 46.88%, ND 39.30%, Political Spring 4.87%, KKE 4.54%, and Progressive Left (replaced by Coalition of the Left and Progress) 2.94%; seats - (300 total) PASOK 170, ND 111, Political Spring 10, KKE 9" );; line 43899 (wfb::source-text judicial_branch greece "Supreme Judicial Court, Special Supreme Tribunal" );; line 43906 (wfb::source-text political_parties_and_leaders greece "New Democracy (ND; conservative), Miltiades EVERT; Panhellenic Socialist Movement (PASOK), Andreas PAPANDREOU; Communist Party (KKE), Aleka PAPARIGA; Ecologist-Alternative List, leader rotates; Political Spring, Antonis SAMARAS; Coalition of the Left and Progress (Synaspismos), Nikolaos KONSTANTOPOULOS" );; line 43910 (wfb::source-text member_of greece "Australia Group, BIS, BSEC, CCC, CE, CERN, EBRD, EC, ECE, EIB, FAO, G- 6, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, INMARSAT, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, MINURSO, MTCR, NACC, NAM (guest), NATO, NEA, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OSCE, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIKOM, UPU, WEU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC" );; line 43918 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us greece chief_of_mission "Ambassador Loucas TSILAS" );; line 43928 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us greece chancery "2221 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008" );; line 43930 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us greece telephone "[1] (202) 939-5800" );; line 43932 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us greece fax "[1] (202) 939-5824" );; line 43934 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us greece |consulate(s) general| "Atlanta, Boston, Chicago, Houston, Los Angeles, New York, and San Francisco" );; line 43936 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us greece |consulate(s)| "New Orleans" );; line 43939 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation greece chief_of_mission "Ambassador Thomas M.T. NILES" );; line 43944 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation greece embassy "91 Vasilissis Sophias Boulevard, 10160 Athens" );; line 43946 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation greece mailing_address "PSC 108, Athens; APO AE 09842" );; line 43948 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation greece telephone "[30] (1) 721-2951, 8401" );; line 43950 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation greece fax "[30] (1) 645-6282" );; line 43952 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation greece |consulate(s) general| "Thessaloniki" );; line 43954 (wfb::source-text flag greece "nine equal horizontal stripes of blue alternating with white; there is a blue square in the upper hoist-side corner bearing a white cross; the cross symbolizes Greek Orthodoxy, the established religion of the country" );; line 43958 (wfb::source-text overview greece "Greece has a mixed capitalist economy with the basic entrepreneurial system overlaid in 1981-89 by a socialist system that enlarged the public sector from 55% of GDP in 1981 to about 70% in 1989. Since then, the public sector has been reduced to about 60% of GDP. Tourism continues as a major source of foreign exchange, and agriculture is self-sufficient except for meat, dairy products, and animal feedstuffs. Over the last decade, real GDP growth has averaged 1.6% a year, compared with the European Union average of 2.2%. Inflation continues to be well above the EU average, and the national debt has reached 140% of GDP, the highest in the EU. Prime Minister PAPANDREOU will probably make only limited progress correcting the economy's problems of high inflation, large budget deficit, and decaying infrastructure. His economic program suggests that although he will shun his expansionary policies of the 1980s, he will avoid tough measures needed to slow inflation or reduce the state's role in the economy. He has limited the previous government's privatization plans, for example, and has called for generous welfare spending and real wage increases. Athens continues to rely heavily on EU aid, which recently has amounted to about 6% of GDP. Greece almost certainly will not meet the EU's Maastricht Treaty convergence targets of public deficit held to 3% of GDP and national debt to 60% of GDP by 1999. Per capita GDP has fallen below Portugal's level, the lowest among EU members." );; line 43966 (wfb::source-text national_product greece "GDP - purchasing power parity - $93.7 billion (1994 est.)" );; line 43989 (wfb::source-text national_product_real_growth_rate greece "0.4% (1994 est.)" );; line 43993 (wfb::source-text national_product_per_capita greece "$8,870 (1994 est.)" );; line 43997 (wfb::source-text |Inflation rate (consumer prices)| greece "10.9% (1994 est.)" );; line 44001 (wfb::source-text unemployment_rate greece "10.1% (1994 est.)" );; line 44005 (wfb::source-text budget greece revenues "$28.3 billion" );; line 44010 (wfb::source-text budget greece expenditures "$37.6 billion, including capital expenditures of $5.2 billion (1994)" );; line 44012 (wfb::source-text exports greece "$9 billion (f.o.b., 1993)" );; line 44017 (wfb::source-text exports greece commodities "manufactured goods 53%, foodstuffs 34%, fuels 5%" );; line 44019 (wfb::source-text exports greece partners "Germany 24%, Italy 14%, France 7%, UK 6%, US 4% (1993)" );; line 44021 (wfb::source-text imports greece "$19.2 billion (f.o.b., 1993)" );; line 44025 (wfb::source-text imports greece commodities "manufactured goods 72%, foodstuffs 15%, fuels 10%" );; line 44027 (wfb::source-text imports greece partners "Germany 16%, Italy 14%, France 7%, Japan 7%, UK 6% (1993)" );; line 44029 (wfb::source-text external_debt greece "$26.9 billion (1993)" );; line 44033 (wfb::source-text industrial_production greece "growth rate 3.2% (1993 est.); accounts for 18% of GDP" );; line 44037 (wfb::source-text electricity greece capacity "8,970,000 kW" );; line 44042 (wfb::source-text electricity greece production "35.8 billion kWh" );; line 44044 (wfb::source-text electricity greece consumption_per_capita "3,257 kWh (1993)" );; line 44046 (wfb::source-text industry greece "tourism, food and tobacco processing, textiles, chemicals, metal products, mining, petroleum" );; line 44050 (wfb::source-text agriculture greece "including fishing and forestry, accounts for 12% of GDP; principal products - wheat, corn, barley, sugar beets, olives, tomatoes, wine, tobacco, potatoes; self-sufficient in food except meat, dairy products, and animal feedstuffs" );; line 44055 (wfb::source-text illicit_drugs greece "illicit producer of cannabis and limited opium; mostly for domestic production; serves as a gateway to Europe for traffickers smuggling cannabis and heroin from the Middle East and Southwest Asia to the West and precursor chemicals to the East; transshipment point for Southwest Asian heroin transiting the Balkan route" );; line 44062 (wfb::source-text economic_aid greece recipient "US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-81), $525 million; Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-89), $1.39 billion" );; line 44071 (wfb::source-text currency greece "1 drachma (Dr) = 100 lepta" );; line 44076 (wfb::source-text exchange_rates greece "drachmae (Dr) per US$1 - 238.20 (January 1995), 242.60 (1994), 229.26 (1993), 190.62 (1992), 182.27 (1991), 158.51 (1990)" );; line 44080 (wfb::source-text fiscal_year greece "calendar year" );; line 44085 (wfb::source-text railroads greece total "2,503 km" );; line 44091 (wfb::source-text railroads greece standard_gauge "1,565 km 1.435-m gauge (36 km electrified; 100 km double track)" );; line 44093 (wfb::source-text railroads greece narrow_gauge "887 km 1,000-m gauge; 22 km 0.750-m gauge; 29 km 0.600-m gauge" );; line 44095 (wfb::source-text highways greece total "130,000 km" );; line 44100 (wfb::source-text highways greece paved "119,210 km (116 km expressways)" );; line 44102 (wfb::source-text highways greece unpaved "10,790 km (1990)" );; line 44104 (wfb::source-text inland_waterways greece "80 km; system consists of three coastal canals; including the Corinth Canal (6 km) which crosses the Isthmus of Corinth connecting the Gulf of Corinth with the Saronic Gulf and shortens the sea voyage from the Adriatic to Piraievs (Piraeus) by 325 km; and three unconnected rivers" );; line 44108 (wfb::source-text pipelines greece "crude oil 26 km; petroleum products 547 km" );; line 44115 (wfb::source-text port greece "Alexandroupolis, Elevsis, Iraklion (Crete), Kavala, Kerkira, Khalkis, Igoumenitsa, Lavrion, Patrai, Piraievs (Piraeus), Thessaloniki, Volos" );; line 44119 (wfb::source-text merchant_marine greece total "1,046 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 29,076,911 GRT/53,618,024 DWT" );; line 44125 (wfb::source-text merchant_marine greece ships_by_type "bulk 469, cargo 105, chemical tanker 22, combination bulk 21, combination ore/oil 31, container 40, liquefied gas tanker 5, oil tanker 239, passenger 14, passenger-cargo 3, refrigerated cargo 10, roll-on/roll-off cargo 16, short-sea passenger 67, specialized tanker 3, vehicle carrier 1" );; line 44128 (wfb::source-text airports greece total "79" );; line 44140 (wfb::source-text airports greece |with paved runways over 3,047 m| "5" );; line 44142 (wfb::source-text airports greece |with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m| "15" );; line 44144 (wfb::source-text airports greece |with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m| "16" );; line 44146 (wfb::source-text airports greece |with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m| "17" );; line 44148 (wfb::source-text airports greece with_paved_runways_under_914_m "22" );; line 44150 (wfb::source-text airports greece |with unpaved runways 1,524 to 2,438 m| "1" );; line 44152 (wfb::source-text airports greece |with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m| "3" );; line 44154 (wfb::source-text telephone_system greece "4,080,000 telephones; adequate, modern networks reach all areas; microwave radio relay carries most traffic; extensive open-wire network; submarine cables to off-shore islands" );; line 44159 (wfb::source-text telephone_system greece local "NA" );; line 44163 (wfb::source-text telephone_system greece intercity "microwave radio relay and open wire" );; line 44165 (wfb::source-text telephone_system greece international "tropospheric links, 8 submarine cables; 2 INTELSAT (1 Atlantic Ocean and 1 Indian Ocean) and 1 EUTELSAT ground station" );; line 44167 (wfb::source-text radio greece broadcast_stations "AM 29, FM 17 (repeaters 20), shortwave 0" );; line 44173 (wfb::source-text radio greece radios "NA" );; line 44175 (wfb::source-text television greece broadcast_stations "361" );; line 44180 (wfb::source-text television greece televisions "NA" );; line 44182 (wfb::source-text defense_branch greece "Hellenic Army, Hellenic Navy, Hellenic Air Force, National Guard, Police" );; line 44188 (wfb::source-text manpower_availability greece "males age 15-49 2,676,152; males fit for military service 2,046,996; males reach military age (21) annually 75,857 (1995 est.)" );; line 44193 (wfb::source-text defense_expenditures greece "exchange rate conversion - $4.1 billion, 5.4% of GDP (1994)" );; line 44198 (wfb::source-text location greenland "Northern North America, island between the Arctic Ocean and the North Atlantic Ocean, northeast of Canada" );; line 44208 (wfb::source-text map_references greenland "Arctic Region" );; line 44213 (wfb::source-text area greenland total_area "2,175,600 sq km" );; line 44218 (wfb::source-text area greenland land_area "383,600 sq km (ice free)" );; line 44220 (wfb::source-text area greenland comparative_area "slightly more than three times the size of Texas" );; line 44222 (wfb::source-text borders greenland "0 km" );; line 44226 (wfb::source-text coastline greenland "44,087 km" );; line 44230 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims greenland exclusive_fishing_zone "200 nm" );; line 44235 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims greenland territorial_sea "3 nm" );; line 44237 (wfb::source-text international_disputes greenland "none" );; line 44241 (wfb::source-text climate greenland "arctic to subarctic; cool summers, cold winters" );; line 44245 (wfb::source-text terrain greenland "flat to gradually sloping icecap covers all but a narrow, mountainous, barren, rocky coast" );; line 44249 (wfb::source-text natural-resource greenland "zinc, lead, iron ore, coal, molybdenum, cryolite, uranium, fish" );; line 44254 (wfb::source-text land_use greenland arable_land "0%" );; line 44259 (wfb::source-text land_use greenland permanent_crops "0%" );; line 44261 (wfb::source-text land_use greenland meadows_and_pastures "1%" );; line 44263 (wfb::source-text land_use greenland forest_and_woodland "0%" );; line 44265 (wfb::source-text land_use greenland other "99%" );; line 44267 (wfb::source-text irrigated_land greenland "0 sq km" );; line 44271 (wfb::source-text environment greenland current_issues "NA" );; line 44276 (wfb::source-text environment greenland natural_hazards "continuous permafrost over northern two-thirds of the island" );; line 44278 (wfb::source-text environment greenland international_agreements "NA" );; line 44280 (wfb::source-text note greenland "dominates North Atlantic Ocean between North America and Europe; sparse population confined to small settlements along coast" );; line 44284 (wfb::source-text population greenland "57,611 (July 1995 est.)" );; line 44291 (wfb::source-text age_structure greenland 0-14_years "27% (female 7,664; male 7,881)" );; line 44296 (wfb::source-text age_structure greenland 15-64_years "68% (female 17,761; male 21,580)" );; line 44298 (wfb::source-text age_structure greenland 65_years_and_over "5% (female 1,500; male 1,225) (July 1995 est.)" );; line 44300 (wfb::source-text population_growth_rate greenland "1.05% (1995 est.)" );; line 44304 (wfb::source-text birth_rate greenland "17.7 births/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 44308 (wfb::source-text death_rate greenland "7.2 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 44312 (wfb::source-text net_migration_rate greenland "0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 44316 (wfb::source-text infant_mortality_rate greenland "25.1 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.)" );; line 44320 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth greenland total_population "67.65 years" );; line 44325 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth greenland male "63.33 years" );; line 44327 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth greenland female "71.98 years (1995 est.)" );; line 44329 (wfb::source-text total_fertility_rate greenland "2.25 children born/woman (1995 est.)" );; line 44333 (wfb::source-text nationality greenland noun "Greenlander(s)" );; line 44338 (wfb::source-text nationality greenland adjective "Greenlandic" );; line 44340 (wfb::source-text ethnic-entity greenland "Greenlander 86% (Eskimos and Greenland-born Caucasians), Danish 14%" );; line 44344 (wfb::source-text religion greenland "Evangelical Lutheran" );; line 44349 (wfb::source-text language greenland "Eskimo dialects, Danish" );; line 44353 (wfb::source-text literacy greenland "NA%" );; line 44357 (wfb::source-text total_labor_force greenland "22,800" );; line 44361 (wfb::source-text labor_force_by_occupation greenland by_occupation "largely engaged in fishing, hunting, sheep breeding" );; line 44363 (wfb::source-text names greenland conventional_long_form "none" );; line 44369 (wfb::source-text names greenland conventional_short_form "Greenland" );; line 44371 (wfb::source-text names greenland local_long_form "none" );; line 44373 (wfb::source-text names greenland local_short_form "Kalaallit Nunaat" );; line 44375 (wfb::source-text digraph greenland "GL" );; line 44379 (wfb::source-text type greenland "part of the Danish realm; self-governing overseas administrative division" );; line 44383 (wfb::source-text capital greenland "Nuuk (Godthab)" );; line 44388 (wfb::source-text administrative_divisions greenland "3 municipalities (kommuner, singular - kommun); Nordgronland, Ostgronland, Vestgronland" );; line 44392 (wfb::source-text independence greenland "none (part of the Danish realm; self-governing overseas administrative division)" );; line 44397 (wfb::source-text national_holiday greenland "Birthday of the Queen, 16 April (1940)" );; line 44402 (wfb::source-text constitution greenland "5 June 1953 (Danish constitution)" );; line 44406 (wfb::source-text legal_system greenland "Danish" );; line 44410 (wfb::source-text suffrage greenland "18 years of age; universal" );; line 44414 (wfb::source-text executive_branch greenland chief_of_state "Queen MARGRETHE II (since 14 January 1972), represented by High Commissioner Steen SPORE (since NA 1993)" );; line 44419 (wfb::source-text executive_branch greenland head_of_government "Home Rule Chairman Lars Emil JOHANSEN (since 15 March 1991)" );; line 44422 (wfb::source-text executive_branch greenland cabinet "Landsstyre; formed from the Landsting on basis of strength of parties" );; line 44424 (wfb::source-text legislative_structure greenland "unicameral" );; line 44429 (wfb::source-text legislative_branch greenland |Parliament (Landsting)| "elections last held on 4 March 1995 (next to be held 5 March 1999); results - Siumut 38.5%, Inuit Ataqatigiit 20.3%, Atassut Party 29.7%; seats - (31 total) Siumut 12, Atassut Party 10, Inuit Ataqatigiit 6, conservative splinter grouping 2, independent 1" );; line 44431 (wfb::source-text legislative_branch greenland danish_folketing "last held on 21 September 1994 (next to be held by September 1998); Greenland elects two representatives to the Folketing; results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (2 total) Liberals 1, Social Democrats 1; note - Greenlandic representatives are affiliated with Danish political parties" );; line 44436 (wfb::source-text judicial_branch greenland "High Court (Landsret)" );; line 44444 (wfb::source-text political_parties_and_leaders greenland "two-party ruling coalition; Siumut (Forward Party, a moderate socialist party that advocates more distinct Greenlandic identity and greater autonomy from Denmark), Lars Emil JOHANSEN, chairman; Inuit Ataqatigiit (IA) (Eskimo Brotherhood, a Marxist-Leninist party that favors complete independence from Denmark rather than home rule), Josef MOTZFELDT; Atassut Party (Solidarity, a more conservative party that favors continuing close relations with Denmark), Daniel SKIFTE; AKULLIIT, Bjarne KREUTZMANN; Issituup (Polar Party), Nicolai HEINRICH" );; line 44448 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us greenland "none (self-governing overseas administrative division of Denmark)" );; line 44459 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation greenland "none (self-governing overseas administrative division of Denmark)" );; line 44463 (wfb::source-text flag greenland "two equal horizontal bands of white (top) and red with a large disk slightly to the hoist side of center - the top half of the disk is red, the bottom half is white" );; line 44467 (wfb::source-text overview greenland "Greenland's economic situation at present is difficult. Unemployment is increasing, and prospects for economic growth in the immediate future are dim. Following the closing of the Black Angel lead and zinc mine in 1989, Greenland became almost completely dependent on fishing and fish processing, the sector accounting for 95% of exports. Prospects for fisheries are not bright, as the important shrimp catches will at best stabilize and cod catches have dropped. Resumption of mining and hydrocarbon activities is not around the corner, thus leaving only tourism with some potential for the near future. The public sector in Greenland, i.e., the central government and its commercial entities and the municipalities, plays a dominant role in Greenland accounting for about two-thirds of total employment. About half the government's revenues come from grants from the Danish Government." );; line 44474 (wfb::source-text national_product greenland "GDP - purchasing power parity - $NA" );; line 44489 (wfb::source-text national_product_real_growth_rate greenland "NA%" );; line 44493 (wfb::source-text national_product_per_capita greenland "$NA" );; line 44497 (wfb::source-text |Inflation rate (consumer prices)| greenland "1.3% (1993 est.)" );; line 44501 (wfb::source-text unemployment_rate greenland "6.6% (1993 est.)" );; line 44505 (wfb::source-text budget greenland revenues "$667 million" );; line 44510 (wfb::source-text budget greenland expenditures "$635 million, including capital expenditures of $103.8 million (1993 est.)" );; line 44512 (wfb::source-text exports greenland "$330.5 million (f.o.b., 1993 est.)" );; line 44517 (wfb::source-text exports greenland commodities "fish and fish products 95%" );; line 44519 (wfb::source-text exports greenland partners "Denmark 79%, Benelux 9%, Germany 5%" );; line 44521 (wfb::source-text imports greenland "$369.6 million (c.i.f., 1993 est.)" );; line 44525 (wfb::source-text imports greenland commodities "manufactured goods 28%, machinery and transport equipment 24%, food and live animals 12.4%, petroleum products 12%" );; line 44527 (wfb::source-text imports greenland partners "Denmark 65%, Norway 8.8%, US 4.6%, Germany 3.8%, Japan 3.8%, Sweden 2.4%" );; line 44530 (wfb::source-text external_debt greenland "$297.1 million (1993)" );; line 44535 (wfb::source-text industrial_production greenland "growth rate NA%" );; line 44539 (wfb::source-text electricity greenland capacity "84,000 kW" );; line 44544 (wfb::source-text electricity greenland production "210 million kWh" );; line 44546 (wfb::source-text electricity greenland consumption_per_capita "3,361 kWh (1993)" );; line 44548 (wfb::source-text industry greenland "fish processing (mainly shrimp), lead and zinc mining, handicrafts, some small shipyards, potential for platinum and gold mining" );; line 44552 (wfb::source-text agriculture greenland "sector dominated by fishing and sheep raising; crops limited to forage and small garden vegetables; 1988 fish catch of 133,500 metric tons" );; line 44557 (wfb::source-text economic_aid greenland "none" );; line 44562 (wfb::source-text currency greenland "1 Danish krone (DKr) = 100 oere" );; line 44566 (wfb::source-text exchange_rates greenland "Danish kroner (DKr) per US$1 - 6.034 (January 1995), 6.361 (1994), 6.484 (1993), 6.036 (1992), 6.396 (1991), 6.189 (1990)" );; line 44570 (wfb::source-text fiscal_year greenland "calendar year" );; line 44575 (wfb::source-text railroads greenland "0 km" );; line 44580 (wfb::source-text highways greenland total "150 km" );; line 44585 (wfb::source-text highways greenland paved "60 km" );; line 44587 (wfb::source-text highways greenland unpaved "90 km" );; line 44589 (wfb::source-text port greenland "Faeringehavn, Frederikshaab, Holsteinsborg, Nanortalik, Narsaq, Nuuk (Godthaab), Sondrestrom" );; line 44593 (wfb::source-text merchant_marine greenland "none" );; line 44598 (wfb::source-text airports greenland total "10" );; line 44603 (wfb::source-text airports greenland |with paved runways over 3,047 m| "1" );; line 44605 (wfb::source-text airports greenland |with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m| "1" );; line 44607 (wfb::source-text airports greenland |with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m| "1" );; line 44609 (wfb::source-text airports greenland |with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m| "1" );; line 44611 (wfb::source-text airports greenland with_paved_runways_under_914_m "2" );; line 44613 (wfb::source-text airports greenland |with unpaved runways 1,524 to 2,438 m| "1" );; line 44615 (wfb::source-text airports greenland |with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m| "3" );; line 44617 (wfb::source-text telephone_system greenland "17,900 telephones; adequate domestic and international service provided by cables and microwave radio relay" );; line 44622 (wfb::source-text telephone_system greenland local "NA" );; line 44625 (wfb::source-text telephone_system greenland intercity "microwave radio relay" );; line 44627 (wfb::source-text telephone_system greenland international "2 coaxial submarine cables; 1 INTELSAT (Atlantic Ocean) earth station" );; line 44629 (wfb::source-text radio greenland broadcast_stations "AM 5, FM 7 (repeaters 35), shortwave 0" );; line 44635 (wfb::source-text radio greenland radios "NA" );; line 44637 (wfb::source-text television greenland broadcast_stations "4 (repeaters 9)" );; line 44642 (wfb::source-text television greenland televisions "NA" );; line 44644 (wfb::source-text note greenland "defense is responsibility of Denmark" );; line 44650 (wfb::source-text location grenada "Caribbean, island in the Caribbean Sea, north of Trinidad and Tobago" );; line 44660 (wfb::source-text map_references grenada "Central America and the Caribbean" );; line 44665 (wfb::source-text area grenada total_area "340 sq km" );; line 44670 (wfb::source-text area grenada land_area "340 sq km" );; line 44672 (wfb::source-text area grenada comparative_area "slightly less than twice the size of Washington, DC" );; line 44674 (wfb::source-text borders grenada "0 km" );; line 44678 (wfb::source-text coastline grenada "121 km" );; line 44682 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims grenada exclusive_economic_zone "200 nm" );; line 44687 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims grenada territorial_sea "12 nm" );; line 44689 (wfb::source-text international_disputes grenada "none" );; line 44693 (wfb::source-text climate grenada "tropical; tempered by northeast trade winds" );; line 44697 (wfb::source-text terrain grenada "volcanic in origin with central mountains" );; line 44701 (wfb::source-text natural-resource grenada "timber, tropical fruit, deepwater harbors" );; line 44705 (wfb::source-text land_use grenada arable_land "15%" );; line 44710 (wfb::source-text land_use grenada permanent_crops "26%" );; line 44712 (wfb::source-text land_use grenada meadows_and_pastures "3%" );; line 44714 (wfb::source-text land_use grenada forest_and_woodland "9%" );; line 44716 (wfb::source-text land_use grenada other "47%" );; line 44718 (wfb::source-text irrigated_land grenada "NA sq km" );; line 44722 (wfb::source-text environment grenada current_issues "NA" );; line 44727 (wfb::source-text environment grenada natural_hazards "lies on edge of hurricane belt; hurricane season lasts from June to November" );; line 44729 (wfb::source-text environment grenada international_agreements "party to - Biodiversity, Climate Change, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Whaling" );; line 44732 (wfb::source-text note grenada "the administration of the islands of the Grenadines group is divided between Saint Vincent and the Grenadines and Grenada" );; line 44737 (wfb::source-text population grenada "94,486 (July 1995 est.)" );; line 44744 (wfb::source-text age_structure grenada 0-14_years "43% (female 20,076; male 20,824)" );; line 44749 (wfb::source-text age_structure grenada 15-64_years "52% (female 23,123; male 25,828)" );; line 44751 (wfb::source-text age_structure grenada 65_years_and_over "5% (female 2,514; male 2,121) (July 1995 est.)" );; line 44753 (wfb::source-text population_growth_rate grenada "0.45% (1995 est.)" );; line 44757 (wfb::source-text birth_rate grenada "29.69 births/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 44761 (wfb::source-text death_rate grenada "5.95 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 44765 (wfb::source-text net_migration_rate grenada "-19.24 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 44769 (wfb::source-text infant_mortality_rate grenada "12.1 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.)" );; line 44773 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth grenada total_population "70.67 years" );; line 44778 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth grenada male "68.2 years" );; line 44780 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth grenada female "73.17 years (1995 est.)" );; line 44782 (wfb::source-text total_fertility_rate grenada "3.85 children born/woman (1995 est.)" );; line 44786 (wfb::source-text nationality grenada noun "Grenadian(s)" );; line 44791 (wfb::source-text nationality grenada adjective "Grenadian" );; line 44793 (wfb::source-text ethnic-entity grenada "black African" );; line 44797 (wfb::source-text religion grenada "Roman Catholic, Anglican, other Protestant sects" );; line 44801 (wfb::source-text language grenada "English (official), French patois" );; line 44805 (wfb::source-text literacy grenada "age 15 and over has ever attended school (1970)" );; line 44809 (wfb::source-text literacy grenada total_population "98%" );; line 44811 (wfb::source-text literacy grenada male "98%" );; line 44813 (wfb::source-text literacy grenada female "98%" );; line 44815 (wfb::source-text total_labor_force grenada "36,000" );; line 44819 (wfb::source-text labor_force_by_occupation grenada by_occupation "services 31%, agriculture 24%, construction 8%, manufacturing 5%, other 32% (1985)" );; line 44821 (wfb::source-text names grenada conventional_long_form "none" );; line 44828 (wfb::source-text names grenada conventional_short_form "Grenada" );; line 44830 (wfb::source-text digraph grenada "GJ" );; line 44834 (wfb::source-text type grenada "parliamentary democracy" );; line 44838 (wfb::source-text capital grenada "Saint George's" );; line 44842 (wfb::source-text administrative_divisions grenada "6 parishes and 1 dependency*; Carriacou and Petit Martinique*, Saint Andrew, Saint David, Saint George, Saint John, Saint Mark, Saint Patrick" );; line 44846 (wfb::source-text independence grenada "7 February 1974 (from UK)" );; line 44852 (wfb::source-text national_holiday grenada "Independence Day, 7 February (1974)" );; line 44856 (wfb::source-text constitution grenada "19 December 1973" );; line 44860 (wfb::source-text legal_system grenada "based on English common law" );; line 44864 (wfb::source-text suffrage grenada "18 years of age; universal" );; line 44868 (wfb::source-text executive_branch grenada chief_of_state "Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952), represented by Governor General Reginald Oswald PALMER (since 6 August 1992)" );; line 44873 (wfb::source-text executive_branch grenada head_of_government "Prime Minister George BRIZAN (since 1 February 1994)" );; line 44876 (wfb::source-text executive_branch grenada cabinet "Cabinet; appointed by the governor general on advice of the prime minister" );; line 44878 (wfb::source-text legislative_structure grenada "bicameral Parliament" );; line 44883 (wfb::source-text legislative_branch grenada senate "consists of a 13-member body, 10 appointed by the government and 3 by the Leader of the Opposition" );; line 44885 (wfb::source-text legislative_branch grenada house_of_representatives "elections last held on 13 March 1990 (next to be held by NA July 1995); results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (15 total) NDC 7, GULP 4, TNP 2, NNP 2" );; line 44888 (wfb::source-text judicial_branch grenada "Supreme Court" );; line 44894 (wfb::source-text political_parties_and_leaders grenada "National Democratic Congress (NDC), George BRIZAN; Grenada United Labor Party (GULP), Sir Eric GAIRY; The National Party (TNP), Ben JONES; New National Party (NNP), Keith MITCHELL; Maurice Bishop Patriotic Movement (MBPM), Terrence MARRYSHOW" );; line 44898 (wfb::source-text member_of grenada "ACP, C, CARICOM, CDB, ECLAC, FAO, G-77, GATT, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, INTERPOL, IOC, ISO (subscriber), ITU, LAES, NAM, OAS, OECS, OPANAL, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCL, WHO, WTO" );; line 44905 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us grenada chief_of_mission "Ambassador Denneth MODESTE" );; line 44912 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us grenada chancery "1701 New Hampshire Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20009" );; line 44914 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us grenada telephone "[1] (202) 265-2561" );; line 44916 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation grenada chief_of_mission "(vacant); Charge d'Affaires Ollie P. ANDERSON, Jr." );; line 44921 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation grenada embassy "Point Salines, Saint George's" );; line 44923 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation grenada mailing_address "P. O. Box 54, Saint George's, Grenada, W.I." );; line 44925 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation grenada telephone "[1] (809) 444-1173 through 1178" );; line 44927 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation grenada fax "[1] (809) 444-4820" );; line 44929 (wfb::source-text flag grenada "a rectangle divided diagonally into yellow triangles (top and bottom) and green triangles (hoist side and outer side) with a red border around the flag; there are seven yellow five-pointed stars with three centered in the top red border, three centered in the bottom red border, and one on a red disk superimposed at the center of the flag; there is also a symbolic nutmeg pod on the hoist-side triangle (Grenada is the world's second-largest producer of nutmeg, after Indonesia); the seven stars represent the seven administrative divisions" );; line 44933 (wfb::source-text overview grenada "The economy is essentially agricultural and centers on the traditional production of spices and tropical plants. Agriculture accounts for about 15% of GDP and 80% of exports and employs 24% of the labor force. Tourism is the leading foreign exchange earner, followed by agricultural exports. Manufacturing remains relatively undeveloped, but is expected to grow, given a more favorable private investment climate since 1983. The economy achieved an impressive average annual growth rate of 5.5% in 1986-91 but has stalled since 1992. Unemployment remains high at about 25%." );; line 44945 (wfb::source-text national_product grenada "GDP - purchasing power parity - $258 million (1993 est.)" );; line 44956 (wfb::source-text national_product_real_growth_rate grenada "0.5% (1993 est.)" );; line 44960 (wfb::source-text national_product_per_capita grenada "$2,750 (1993 est.)" );; line 44964 (wfb::source-text |Inflation rate (consumer prices)| grenada "2.6% (1993 est.)" );; line 44968 (wfb::source-text unemployment_rate grenada "25% (1994 est.)" );; line 44972 (wfb::source-text budget grenada revenues "$82.2 million (1993 est.)" );; line 44977 (wfb::source-text budget grenada expenditures "$74.3 million, including capital expenditures of $11.8 million (1993 est.)" );; line 44979 (wfb::source-text exports grenada "$18.6 million (f.o.b., 1993 est.)" );; line 44984 (wfb::source-text exports grenada commodities "bananas, cocoa, nutmeg, fruit and vegetables, clothing, mace" );; line 44986 (wfb::source-text exports grenada partners "Netherlands, UK, Trinidad and Tobago, United States" );; line 44988 (wfb::source-text imports grenada "$133.8 million (f.o.b., 1993 est.)" );; line 44992 (wfb::source-text imports grenada commodities "food 25%, manufactured goods 22%, machinery 20%, chemicals 10%, fuel 6% (1989)" );; line 44994 (wfb::source-text imports grenada partners "US 29%, UK, Trinidad and Tobago, Japan, Canada (1989)" );; line 44997 (wfb::source-text external_debt grenada "$89.9 million (1993)" );; line 45001 (wfb::source-text industrial_production grenada "growth rate 1.8% (1992 est.); accounts for 9% of GDP" );; line 45005 (wfb::source-text electricity grenada capacity "12,500 kW" );; line 45010 (wfb::source-text electricity grenada production "60 million kWh" );; line 45012 (wfb::source-text electricity grenada consumption_per_capita "639 kWh (1993)" );; line 45014 (wfb::source-text industry grenada "food and beverage, textile, light assembly operations, tourism, construction" );; line 45018 (wfb::source-text agriculture grenada "accounts for 14% of GDP and 80% of exports; bananas, cocoa, nutmeg, and mace account for two-thirds of total crop production; world's second-largest producer and fourth-largest exporter of nutmeg and mace; small-sized farms predominate, growing a variety of citrus fruits, avocados, root crops, sugarcane, corn, and vegetables" );; line 45023 (wfb::source-text economic_aid grenada recipient "US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY84-89), $60 million; Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-89), $70 million; Communist countries (1970-89), $32 million" );; line 45032 (wfb::source-text currency grenada "1 EC dollar (EC$) = 100 cents" );; line 45038 (wfb::source-text exchange_rates grenada "East Caribbean dollars (EC$) per US$1 - 2.70 (fixed rate since 1976)" );; line 45042 (wfb::source-text fiscal_year grenada "calendar year" );; line 45047 (wfb::source-text railroads grenada "0 km" );; line 45052 (wfb::source-text highways grenada total "1,000 km" );; line 45057 (wfb::source-text highways grenada paved "600 km" );; line 45059 (wfb::source-text highways grenada unpaved "otherwise improved 300 km; unimproved earth 100 km" );; line 45061 (wfb::source-text port grenada "Grenville, Saint George's" );; line 45065 (wfb::source-text merchant_marine grenada "none" );; line 45069 (wfb::source-text airports grenada total "3" );; line 45074 (wfb::source-text airports grenada |with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m| "1" );; line 45076 (wfb::source-text airports grenada |with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m| "1" );; line 45078 (wfb::source-text airports grenada with_paved_runways_under_914_m "1" );; line 45080 (wfb::source-text telephone_system grenada "5,650 telephones; automatic, islandwide telephone system; new SHF radio links to the islands of Trinidad, Tobago, and Saint Vincent; VHF and UHF radio links to the islands of Trinidad and Carriacou" );; line 45085 (wfb::source-text telephone_system grenada local "NA" );; line 45089 (wfb::source-text telephone_system grenada intercity "NA" );; line 45091 (wfb::source-text telephone_system grenada international "SHF, VHF, and UHF radio communications" );; line 45093 (wfb::source-text radio grenada broadcast_stations "AM 1, FM 0, shortwave 0" );; line 45098 (wfb::source-text radio grenada radios "NA" );; line 45100 (wfb::source-text television grenada broadcast_stations "1" );; line 45105 (wfb::source-text television grenada televisions "NA" );; line 45107 (wfb::source-text defense_branch grenada "Royal Grenada Police Force, Coast Guard" );; line 45113 (wfb::source-text defense_expenditures grenada "$NA, NA% of GDP" );; line 45117 (wfb::source-text location guadeloupe "Caribbean, islands in the eastern Caribbean Sea, southeast of Puerto Rico" );; line 45128 (wfb::source-text map_references guadeloupe "Central America and the Caribbean" );; line 45133 (wfb::source-text area guadeloupe total_area "1,780 sq km" );; line 45138 (wfb::source-text area guadeloupe land_area "1,706 sq km" );; line 45140 (wfb::source-text area guadeloupe comparative_area "10 times the size of Washington, DC" );; line 45142 (wfb::source-text borders guadeloupe "0 km" );; line 45149 (wfb::source-text coastline guadeloupe "306 km" );; line 45153 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims guadeloupe exclusive_economic_zone "200 nm" );; line 45158 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims guadeloupe territorial_sea "12 nm" );; line 45160 (wfb::source-text international_disputes guadeloupe "none" );; line 45164 (wfb::source-text climate guadeloupe "subtropical tempered by trade winds; relatively high humidity" );; line 45168 (wfb::source-text terrain guadeloupe "Basse-Terre is volcanic in origin with interior mountains; Grand-Terre is low limestone formation; most of the seven other islands are volcanic in origin" );; line 45172 (wfb::source-text natural-resource guadeloupe "cultivable land, beaches and climate that foster tourism" );; line 45178 (wfb::source-text land_use guadeloupe arable_land "18%" );; line 45183 (wfb::source-text land_use guadeloupe permanent_crops "5%" );; line 45185 (wfb::source-text land_use guadeloupe meadows_and_pastures "13%" );; line 45187 (wfb::source-text land_use guadeloupe forest_and_woodland "40%" );; line 45189 (wfb::source-text land_use guadeloupe other "24%" );; line 45191 (wfb::source-text irrigated_land guadeloupe "30 sq km (1989 est.)" );; line 45195 (wfb::source-text environment guadeloupe current_issues "NA" );; line 45200 (wfb::source-text environment guadeloupe natural_hazards "hurricanes (June to October); La Soufriere is an active volcano" );; line 45202 (wfb::source-text environment guadeloupe international_agreements "NA" );; line 45204 (wfb::source-text population guadeloupe "402,815 (July 1995 est.)" );; line 45210 (wfb::source-text age_structure guadeloupe 0-14_years "26% (female 51,069; male 52,922)" );; line 45215 (wfb::source-text age_structure guadeloupe 15-64_years "66% (female 134,328; male 130,875)" );; line 45217 (wfb::source-text age_structure guadeloupe 65_years_and_over "8% (female 19,318; male 14,303) (July 1995 est.)" );; line 45219 (wfb::source-text population_growth_rate guadeloupe "1.24% (1995 est.)" );; line 45223 (wfb::source-text birth_rate guadeloupe "18.15 births/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 45227 (wfb::source-text death_rate guadeloupe "5.58 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 45231 (wfb::source-text net_migration_rate guadeloupe "-0.16 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 45235 (wfb::source-text infant_mortality_rate guadeloupe "8.5 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.)" );; line 45239 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth guadeloupe total_population "77.2 years" );; line 45244 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth guadeloupe male "74.16 years" );; line 45246 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth guadeloupe female "80.38 years (1995 est.)" );; line 45248 (wfb::source-text total_fertility_rate guadeloupe "1.95 children born/woman (1995 est.)" );; line 45252 (wfb::source-text nationality guadeloupe noun "Guadeloupian(s)" );; line 45257 (wfb::source-text nationality guadeloupe adjective "Guadeloupe" );; line 45259 (wfb::source-text ethnic-entity guadeloupe "black or mulatto 90%, white 5%, East Indian, Lebanese, Chinese less than 5%" );; line 45263 (wfb::source-text religion guadeloupe "Roman Catholic 95%, Hindu and pagan African 5%" );; line 45268 (wfb::source-text language guadeloupe "French, creole patois" );; line 45272 (wfb::source-text literacy guadeloupe "age 15 and over can read and write (1982)" );; line 45276 (wfb::source-text literacy guadeloupe total_population "90%" );; line 45278 (wfb::source-text literacy guadeloupe male "90%" );; line 45280 (wfb::source-text literacy guadeloupe female "90%" );; line 45282 (wfb::source-text total_labor_force guadeloupe "120,000" );; line 45286 (wfb::source-text labor_force_by_occupation guadeloupe by_occupation "services, government, and commerce 53.0%, industry 25.8%, agriculture 21.2%" );; line 45288 (wfb::source-text names guadeloupe conventional_long_form "Department of Guadeloupe" );; line 45295 (wfb::source-text names guadeloupe conventional_short_form "Guadeloupe" );; line 45297 (wfb::source-text names guadeloupe local_long_form "Departement de la Guadeloupe" );; line 45299 (wfb::source-text names guadeloupe local_short_form "Guadeloupe" );; line 45301 (wfb::source-text digraph guadeloupe "GP" );; line 45305 (wfb::source-text type guadeloupe "overseas department of France" );; line 45309 (wfb::source-text capital guadeloupe "Basse-Terre" );; line 45313 (wfb::source-text administrative_divisions guadeloupe "none (overseas department of France)" );; line 45317 (wfb::source-text independence guadeloupe "none (overseas department of France)" );; line 45321 (wfb::source-text national_holiday guadeloupe "National Day, Taking of the Bastille, 14 July (1789)" );; line 45325 (wfb::source-text constitution guadeloupe "28 September 1958 (French Constitution)" );; line 45329 (wfb::source-text legal_system guadeloupe "French legal system" );; line 45333 (wfb::source-text suffrage guadeloupe "18 years of age; universal" );; line 45337 (wfb::source-text executive_branch guadeloupe chief_of_state "President Francois MITTERRAND (since 21 May 1981)" );; line 45342 (wfb::source-text executive_branch guadeloupe head_of_government "Prefect Franck PERRIEZ (since NA 1992); President of the General Council Dominique LARIFLA (since NA); President of the Regional Council Lucette MICHAUX-CHEVRY (since 22 March 1992)" );; line 45344 (wfb::source-text executive_branch guadeloupe cabinet "Council of Ministers" );; line 45348 (wfb::source-text legislative_structure guadeloupe "unicameral General Council and unicameral Regional Council" );; line 45352 (wfb::source-text legislative_branch guadeloupe general_council "elections last held NA March 1992 (next to be held by NA 1996); results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (43 total) FRUI.G 13, RPR/DUD 13, PPDG 8, FGPS 3, PCG 3, UPLG 1, PSG 1, independent 1" );; line 45354 (wfb::source-text legislative_branch guadeloupe regional_council "elections last held on 31 January 1993 (next to be held by 16 March 1998); results - RPR/DUD 48.30%, FGPS 17.09%, FRUI.G 7.44%, PPDG 8.90%, UPLG 7.75% PCG 6.05%; seats - (41 total) seats by party NA" );; line 45358 (wfb::source-text legislative_branch guadeloupe french_senate "elections last held in September 1986 (next to be held September 1995); Guadeloupe elects two representatives; results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (2 total) PCG 1, FGPS 1" );; line 45362 (wfb::source-text legislative_branch guadeloupe french_national_assembly "elections last held on 21 and 28 March 1993 (next to be held March 1998); Guadeloupe elects four representatives; results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (4 total) FGPS 1, RPR 1, PPDG 1, independent 1" );; line 45366 (wfb::source-text judicial_branch guadeloupe "Court of Appeal (Cour d'Appel) with jurisdiction over Guadeloupe, French Guiana, and Martinique" );; line 45372 (wfb::source-text political_parties_and_leaders guadeloupe "Rally for the Republic (RPR), Aldo BLAISE; Communist Party of Guadeloupe (PCG), Christian Medard CELESTE; Socialist Party (FGPS), Georges LOUISOR; Popular Union for the Liberation of Guadeloupe (UPLG), Lucien PERATIN; FGPS Dissidents (FRUI.G); Union for French Democracy (UDF), Simon BARLAGNE; Progressive Democratic Party (PPDG), Henri BANGOU" );; line 45377 (wfb::source-text other_political_or_pressure_groups guadeloupe "Popular Union for the Liberation of Guadeloupe (UPLG); Movement for Independent Guadeloupe (MPGI); General Union of Guadeloupe Workers (UGTG); General Federation of Guadeloupe Workers (CGT-G); Christian Movement for the Liberation of Guadeloupe (KLPG)" );; line 45385 (wfb::source-text member_of guadeloupe "FZ, WCL, WFTU" );; line 45392 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us guadeloupe "none (overseas department of France)" );; line 45396 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation guadeloupe "none (overseas department of France)" );; line 45400 (wfb::source-text flag guadeloupe "the flag of France is used" );; line 45404 (wfb::source-text overview guadeloupe "The economy depends on agriculture, tourism, light industry, and services. It is also dependent upon France for large subsidies and imports. Tourism is a key industry, with most tourists from the US. In addition, an increasingly large number of cruise ships visit the islands. The traditionally important sugarcane crop is slowly being replaced by other crops, such as bananas (which now supply about 50% of export earnings), eggplant, and flowers. Other vegetables and root crops are cultivated for local consumption, although Guadeloupe is still dependent on imported food, which comes mainly from France. Light industry consists mostly of sugar and rum production. Most manufactured goods and fuel are imported. Unemployment is especially high among the young." );; line 45409 (wfb::source-text national_product guadeloupe "GDP - purchasing power parity - $3.8 billion (1993 est.)" );; line 45423 (wfb::source-text national_product_real_growth_rate guadeloupe "NA%" );; line 45427 (wfb::source-text national_product_per_capita guadeloupe "$9,000 (1993 est.)" );; line 45431 (wfb::source-text |Inflation rate (consumer prices)| guadeloupe "3.7% (1990)" );; line 45435 (wfb::source-text unemployment_rate guadeloupe "31.3% (1990)" );; line 45439 (wfb::source-text budget guadeloupe revenues "$400 million" );; line 45444 (wfb::source-text budget guadeloupe expenditures "$671 million, including capital expenditures of $NA (1989)" );; line 45446 (wfb::source-text exports guadeloupe "$130 million (f.o.b., 1992)" );; line 45450 (wfb::source-text exports guadeloupe commodities "bananas, sugar, rum" );; line 45452 (wfb::source-text exports guadeloupe partners "France 70%, Martinique 17% (1991)" );; line 45454 (wfb::source-text imports guadeloupe "$1.5 billion (c.i.f., 1992)" );; line 45458 (wfb::source-text imports guadeloupe commodities "foodstuffs, fuels, vehicles, clothing and other consumer goods, construction materials" );; line 45460 (wfb::source-text imports guadeloupe partners "France 60%, EC, US, Japan (1991)" );; line 45463 (wfb::source-text external_debt guadeloupe "$NA" );; line 45467 (wfb::source-text industrial_production guadeloupe "growth rate NA%" );; line 45471 (wfb::source-text electricity guadeloupe capacity "320,000 kW" );; line 45476 (wfb::source-text electricity guadeloupe production "650 million kWh" );; line 45478 (wfb::source-text electricity guadeloupe consumption_per_capita "1,421 kWh (1993)" );; line 45480 (wfb::source-text industry guadeloupe "construction, cement, rum, sugar, tourism" );; line 45484 (wfb::source-text agriculture guadeloupe "cash crops - bananas, sugarcane; other products include tropical fruits and vegetables; livestock - cattle, pigs, goats; not self-sufficient in food" );; line 45488 (wfb::source-text economic_aid guadeloupe recipient "US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-88), $4 million; Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-89), $8.235 billion" );; line 45495 (wfb::source-text currency guadeloupe "1 French franc (F) = 100 centimes" );; line 45501 (wfb::source-text exchange_rates guadeloupe "French francs (F) per US$1 - 5.9243 (January 1995), 5.5520 (1994), 5.6632 (1993), 5.2938 (1992), 5.6421 (1991), 5.4453 (1990)" );; line 45505 (wfb::source-text fiscal_year guadeloupe "calendar year" );; line 45510 (wfb::source-text railroads guadeloupe total "NA km; privately owned, narrow-gauge plantation lines" );; line 45516 (wfb::source-text highways guadeloupe total "1,940 km" );; line 45521 (wfb::source-text highways guadeloupe paved "1,600 km" );; line 45523 (wfb::source-text highways guadeloupe unpaved "gravel, earth 340 km" );; line 45525 (wfb::source-text port guadeloupe "Basse-Terre, Gustavia, Marigot, Pointe-a-Pitre" );; line 45529 (wfb::source-text merchant_marine guadeloupe "none" );; line 45533 (wfb::source-text airports guadeloupe total "9" );; line 45538 (wfb::source-text airports guadeloupe |with paved runways over 3,047 m| "1" );; line 45540 (wfb::source-text airports guadeloupe |with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m| "2" );; line 45542 (wfb::source-text airports guadeloupe with_paved_runways_under_914_m "6" );; line 45544 (wfb::source-text telephone_system guadeloupe "57,300 telephones; domestic facilities inadequate" );; line 45549 (wfb::source-text telephone_system guadeloupe local "NA" );; line 45551 (wfb::source-text telephone_system guadeloupe intercity "NA" );; line 45553 (wfb::source-text telephone_system guadeloupe international "1 INTELSAT (Atlantic Ocean) earth station; interisland microwave radio relay to Antigua and Barbuda, Dominica, and Martinique" );; line 45555 (wfb::source-text radio guadeloupe broadcast_stations "AM 2, FM 8 (private stations licensed to broadcast FM 30), shortwave 0" );; line 45561 (wfb::source-text radio guadeloupe radios "NA" );; line 45564 (wfb::source-text television guadeloupe broadcast_stations "9" );; line 45569 (wfb::source-text television guadeloupe televisions "NA" );; line 45571 (wfb::source-text defense_branch guadeloupe "French Forces, Gendarmerie" );; line 45577 (wfb::source-text note guadeloupe "defense is responsibility of France" );; line 45581 (wfb::source-text location guam "Oceania, island in the North Pacific Ocean, about three-quarters of the way from Hawaii to the Philippines" );; line 45591 (wfb::source-text map_references guam "Oceania" );; line 45596 (wfb::source-text area guam total_area "541.3 sq km" );; line 45601 (wfb::source-text area guam land_area "541.3 sq km" );; line 45603 (wfb::source-text area guam comparative_area "slightly more than three times the size of Washington, DC" );; line 45605 (wfb::source-text borders guam "0 km" );; line 45609 (wfb::source-text coastline guam "125.5 km" );; line 45613 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims guam exclusive_economic_zone "200 nm" );; line 45618 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims guam territorial_sea "12 nm" );; line 45620 (wfb::source-text international_disputes guam "none" );; line 45624 (wfb::source-text climate guam "tropical marine; generally warm and humid, moderated by northeast trade winds; dry season from January to June, rainy season from July to December; little seasonal temperature variation" );; line 45628 (wfb::source-text terrain guam "volcanic origin, surrounded by coral reefs; relatively flat coraline limestone plateau (source of most fresh water) with steep coastal cliffs and narrow coastal plains in north, low-rising hills in center, mountains in south" );; line 45634 (wfb::source-text natural-resource guam "fishing (largely undeveloped), tourism (especially from Japan)" );; line 45641 (wfb::source-text land_use guam arable_land "11%" );; line 45646 (wfb::source-text land_use guam permanent_crops "11%" );; line 45648 (wfb::source-text land_use guam meadows_and_pastures "15%" );; line 45650 (wfb::source-text land_use guam forest_and_woodland "18%" );; line 45652 (wfb::source-text land_use guam other "45%" );; line 45654 (wfb::source-text irrigated_land guam "NA sq km" );; line 45658 (wfb::source-text environment guam current_issues "NA" );; line 45663 (wfb::source-text environment guam natural_hazards "frequent squalls during rainy season; relatively rare, but potentially very destructive typhoons (especially in August)" );; line 45665 (wfb::source-text environment guam international_agreements "NA" );; line 45668 (wfb::source-text note guam "largest and southernmost island in the Mariana Islands archipelago; strategic location in western North Pacific Ocean" );; line 45672 (wfb::source-text population guam "153,307 (July 1995 est.)" );; line 45679 (wfb::source-text age_structure guam 0-14_years "NA" );; line 45684 (wfb::source-text age_structure guam 15-64_years "NA" );; line 45686 (wfb::source-text age_structure guam 65_years_and_over "NA" );; line 45688 (wfb::source-text population_growth_rate guam "2.42% (1995 est.)" );; line 45692 (wfb::source-text birth_rate guam "25.01 births/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 45696 (wfb::source-text death_rate guam "3.86 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 45700 (wfb::source-text net_migration_rate guam "3 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 45704 (wfb::source-text infant_mortality_rate guam "15.17 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.)" );; line 45708 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth guam total_population "74.29 years" );; line 45713 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth guam male "72.42 years" );; line 45715 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth guam female "76.13 years (1995 est.)" );; line 45717 (wfb::source-text total_fertility_rate guam "2.32 children born/woman (1995 est.)" );; line 45721 (wfb::source-text nationality guam noun "Guamanian(s)" );; line 45726 (wfb::source-text nationality guam adjective "Guamanian" );; line 45728 (wfb::source-text ethnic-entity guam "Chamorro 47%, Filipino 25%, Caucasian 10%, Chinese, Japanese, Korean, and other 18%" );; line 45732 (wfb::source-text religion guam "Roman Catholic 98%, other 2%" );; line 45737 (wfb::source-text language guam "English, Chamorro, Japanese" );; line 45741 (wfb::source-text literacy guam "age 15 and over can read and write (1990)" );; line 45745 (wfb::source-text literacy guam total_population "99%" );; line 45747 (wfb::source-text literacy guam male "99%" );; line 45749 (wfb::source-text literacy guam female "99%" );; line 45751 (wfb::source-text total_labor_force guam "46,930 (1990)" );; line 45755 (wfb::source-text labor_force_by_occupation guam by_occupation "federal and territorial government 40%, private 60% (trade 18%, services 15.6%, construction 13.8%, other 12.6%) (1990)" );; line 45757 (wfb::source-text names guam conventional_long_form "Territory of Guam" );; line 45764 (wfb::source-text names guam conventional_short_form "Guam" );; line 45766 (wfb::source-text digraph guam "GQ" );; line 45770 (wfb::source-text type guam "organized, unincorporated territory of the US with policy relations between Guam and the US under the jurisdiction of the Office of Territorial and International Affairs, US Department of the Interior" );; line 45774 (wfb::source-text capital guam "Agana" );; line 45780 (wfb::source-text administrative_divisions guam "none (territory of the US)" );; line 45784 (wfb::source-text independence guam "none (territory of the US)" );; line 45788 (wfb::source-text national_holiday guam "Guam Discovery Day (first Monday in March) (1521); Liberation Day, 21 July" );; line 45792 (wfb::source-text constitution guam "Organic Act of 1 August 1950" );; line 45797 (wfb::source-text legal_system guam "modeled on US; federal laws apply" );; line 45801 (wfb::source-text suffrage guam "18 years of age; universal; US citizens, but do not vote in US presidential elections" );; line 45805 (wfb::source-text executive_branch guam chief_of_state "President William Jefferson CLINTON (since 20 January 1993); Vice President Albert GORE, Jr. (since 20 January 1993)" );; line 45811 (wfb::source-text executive_branch guam head_of_government "Governor Carl GUTIERREZ (since 8 November 1994); Lieutenant Governor Madeleine BORDALLO (since 8 November 1994); election last held 8 November 1994 (next to be held NA November 1998); results - Carl GUTIERREZ (Democrat) was elected Governor and Madeleine BORDALLO (Democrat) was elected Lieutenant Governor" );; line 45814 (wfb::source-text executive_branch guam cabinet "executive departments; heads appointed by the governor with the consent of the Guam legislature" );; line 45820 (wfb::source-text legislative_structure guam "unicameral" );; line 45825 (wfb::source-text legislative_branch guam legislature "elections last held 8 November 1994 (next to be held NA November 1996); results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (21 total) Democrats 14, Republican 7" );; line 45827 (wfb::source-text legislative_branch guam us_house_of_representatives "elections last held 8 November 1994 (next to be held NA November 1996); Guam elects one delegate; results - Robert UNDERWOOD was reelected as delegate; seats - (1 total) Democrat 1" );; line 45831 (wfb::source-text judicial_branch guam "Federal District Court, Territorial Superior Court" );; line 45837 (wfb::source-text political_parties_and_leaders guam "Democratic Party (controls the legislature); Republican Party (party of the Governor)" );; line 45841 (wfb::source-text member_of guam "ESCAP (associate), INTERPOL (subbureau), IOC, SPC" );; line 45846 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us guam "none (territory of the US)" );; line 45850 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation guam "none (territory of the US)" );; line 45854 (wfb::source-text flag guam "territorial flag is dark blue with a narrow red border on all four sides; centered is a red-bordered, pointed, vertical ellipse containing a beach scene, outrigger canoe with sail, and a palm tree with the word GUAM superimposed in bold red letters; US flag is the national flag" );; line 45858 (wfb::source-text overview guam "The economy depends mainly on US military spending and on revenues from tourism. Over the past 20 years the tourist industry has grown rapidly, creating a construction boom for new hotels and the expansion of older ones. Visitors numbered about 900,000 in 1992. The slowdown in Japanese economic growth has been reflected in less vigorous growth in the tourism sector. About 60% of the labor force works for the private sector and the rest for government. Most food and industrial goods are imported, with about 75% from the US. Guam faces the problem of building up the civilian economic sector to offset the impact of military downsizing." );; line 45866 (wfb::source-text national_product guam "GDP - purchasing power parity - $2 billion (1991 est.)" );; line 45878 (wfb::source-text national_product_real_growth_rate guam "NA%" );; line 45882 (wfb::source-text national_product_per_capita guam "$14,000 (1991 est.)" );; line 45886 (wfb::source-text |Inflation rate (consumer prices)| guam "4% (1992 est.)" );; line 45890 (wfb::source-text unemployment_rate guam "2% (1992 est.)" );; line 45894 (wfb::source-text budget guam revenues "$525 million" );; line 45899 (wfb::source-text budget guam expenditures "$395 million, including capital expenditures of $NA (1991)" );; line 45901 (wfb::source-text exports guam "$34 million (f.o.b., 1984)" );; line 45905 (wfb::source-text exports guam commodities "mostly transshipments of refined petroleum products, construction materials, fish, food and beverage products" );; line 45907 (wfb::source-text exports guam partners "US 25%, Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands 63%, other 12%" );; line 45910 (wfb::source-text imports guam "$493 million (c.i.f., 1984)" );; line 45914 (wfb::source-text imports guam commodities "petroleum and petroleum products, food, manufactured goods" );; line 45916 (wfb::source-text imports guam partners "US 23%, Japan 19%, other 58%" );; line 45918 (wfb::source-text external_debt guam "$NA" );; line 45922 (wfb::source-text industrial_production guam "growth rate NA%" );; line 45926 (wfb::source-text electricity guam capacity "300,000 kW" );; line 45931 (wfb::source-text electricity guam production "750 million kWh" );; line 45933 (wfb::source-text electricity guam consumption_per_capita "4,797 kWh (1993)" );; line 45935 (wfb::source-text industry guam "US military, tourism, construction, transshipment services, concrete products, printing and publishing, food processing, textiles" );; line 45939 (wfb::source-text agriculture guam "relatively undeveloped with most food imported; fruits, vegetables, eggs, pork, poultry, beef, copra" );; line 45944 (wfb::source-text economic_aid guam "although Guam receives no foreign aid, it does receive large transfer payments from the general revenues of the US Federal Treasury into which Guamanians pay no income or excise taxes; under the provisions of a special law of Congress, the Guamanian Treasury, rather than the US Treasury, receives federal income taxes paid by military and civilian Federal employees stationed in Guam" );; line 45949 (wfb::source-text currency guam "1 United States dollar (US$) = 100 cents" );; line 45958 (wfb::source-text exchange_rates guam "US currency is used" );; line 45962 (wfb::source-text fiscal_year guam "1 October - 30 September" );; line 45966 (wfb::source-text railroads guam "0 km" );; line 45971 (wfb::source-text highways guam total "674 km (all-weather roads)" );; line 45976 (wfb::source-text highways guam paved "NA" );; line 45978 (wfb::source-text highways guam unpaved "NA" );; line 45980 (wfb::source-text port guam "Apra Harbor" );; line 45984 (wfb::source-text merchant_marine guam "none" );; line 45988 (wfb::source-text airports guam total "5" );; line 45993 (wfb::source-text airports guam |with paved runways over 3,047 m| "2" );; line 45995 (wfb::source-text airports guam |with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m| "1" );; line 45997 (wfb::source-text airports guam |with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m| "1" );; line 45999 (wfb::source-text airports guam with_paved_runways_under_914_m "1" );; line 46001 (wfb::source-text telephone_system guam "26,317 telephones (1989)" );; line 46006 (wfb::source-text telephone_system guam local "NA" );; line 46008 (wfb::source-text telephone_system guam intercity "NA" );; line 46010 (wfb::source-text telephone_system guam international "2 INTELSAT (Pacific Ocean) earth stations" );; line 46012 (wfb::source-text radio guam broadcast_stations "AM 3, FM 3, shortwave 0" );; line 46017 (wfb::source-text radio guam radios "NA" );; line 46019 (wfb::source-text television guam broadcast_stations "3" );; line 46024 (wfb::source-text television guam televisions "NA" );; line 46026 (wfb::source-text note guam "defense is the responsibility of the US" );; line 46032 (wfb::source-text location guatemala "Middle America, bordering the Caribbean Sea, between Honduras and Belize and bordering the North Pacific Ocean, between El Salvador and Mexico" );; line 46042 (wfb::source-text map_references guatemala "Central America and the Caribbean" );; line 46047 (wfb::source-text area guatemala total_area "108,890 sq km" );; line 46052 (wfb::source-text area guatemala land_area "108,430 sq km" );; line 46054 (wfb::source-text area guatemala comparative_area "slightly smaller than Tennessee" );; line 46056 (wfb::source-text borders guatemala "total 1,687 km, Belize 266 km, El Salvador 203 km, Honduras 256 km, Mexico 962 km" );; line 46060 (wfb::source-text coastline guatemala "400 km" );; line 46065 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims guatemala continental_shelf "200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation" );; line 46070 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims guatemala exclusive_economic_zone "200 nm" );; line 46072 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims guatemala territorial_sea "12 nm" );; line 46074 (wfb::source-text international_disputes guatemala "border with Belize in dispute; talks to resolve the dispute are stalled" );; line 46078 (wfb::source-text climate guatemala "tropical; hot, humid in lowlands; cooler in highlands" );; line 46083 (wfb::source-text terrain guatemala "mostly mountains with narrow coastal plains and rolling limestone plateau (Peten)" );; line 46087 (wfb::source-text natural-resource guatemala "petroleum, nickel, rare woods, fish, chicle" );; line 46092 (wfb::source-text land_use guatemala arable_land "12%" );; line 46097 (wfb::source-text land_use guatemala permanent_crops "4%" );; line 46099 (wfb::source-text land_use guatemala meadows_and_pastures "12%" );; line 46101 (wfb::source-text land_use guatemala forest_and_woodland "40%" );; line 46103 (wfb::source-text land_use guatemala other "32%" );; line 46105 (wfb::source-text irrigated_land guatemala "780 sq km (1989 est.)" );; line 46109 (wfb::source-text environment guatemala current_issues "deforestation; soil erosion; water pollution" );; line 46114 (wfb::source-text environment guatemala natural_hazards "numerous volcanoes in mountains, with frequent violent earthquakes; Caribbean coast subject to hurricanes and other tropical storms" );; line 46116 (wfb::source-text environment guatemala international_agreements "party to - Antarctic Treaty, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Marine Dumping, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands; signed, but not ratified - Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea" );; line 46119 (wfb::source-text note guatemala "no natural harbors on west coast" );; line 46126 (wfb::source-text population guatemala "10,998,602 (July 1995 est.)" );; line 46132 (wfb::source-text age_structure guatemala 0-14_years "43% (female 2,324,041; male 2,424,686)" );; line 46137 (wfb::source-text age_structure guatemala 15-64_years "53% (female 2,939,170; male 2,934,334)" );; line 46139 (wfb::source-text age_structure guatemala 65_years_and_over "4% (female 198,807; male 177,564) (July 1995 est.)" );; line 46141 (wfb::source-text population_growth_rate guatemala "2.53% (1995 est.)" );; line 46145 (wfb::source-text birth_rate guatemala "34.65 births/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 46149 (wfb::source-text death_rate guatemala "7.33 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 46153 (wfb::source-text net_migration_rate guatemala "-2.04 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 46157 (wfb::source-text infant_mortality_rate guatemala "52.2 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.)" );; line 46161 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth guatemala total_population "64.85 years" );; line 46166 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth guatemala male "62.27 years" );; line 46168 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth guatemala female "67.56 years (1995 est.)" );; line 46170 (wfb::source-text total_fertility_rate guatemala "4.63 children born/woman (1995 est.)" );; line 46174 (wfb::source-text nationality guatemala noun "Guatemalan(s)" );; line 46179 (wfb::source-text nationality guatemala adjective "Guatemalan" );; line 46181 (wfb::source-text ethnic-entity guatemala "Mestizo - mixed Amerindian-Spanish ancestry (in local Spanish called Ladino) 56%, Amerindian or predominently Amerindian 44%" );; line 46185 (wfb::source-text religion guatemala "Roman Catholic, Protestant, traditional Mayan" );; line 46190 (wfb::source-text language guatemala "Spanish 60%, Indian language 40% (23 Indian dialects, including Quiche, Cakchiquel, Kekchi)" );; line 46194 (wfb::source-text literacy guatemala "age 15 and over can read and write (1990 est.)" );; line 46199 (wfb::source-text literacy guatemala total_population "55%" );; line 46201 (wfb::source-text literacy guatemala male "63%" );; line 46203 (wfb::source-text literacy guatemala female "47%" );; line 46205 (wfb::source-text total_labor_force guatemala "3.2 million (1994 est.)" );; line 46209 (wfb::source-text labor_force_by_occupation guatemala by_occupation "agriculture 60%, services 13%, manufacturing 12%, commerce 7%, construction 4%, transport 3%, utilities 0.7%, mining 0.3% (1985)" );; line 46211 (wfb::source-text names guatemala conventional_long_form "Republic of Guatemala" );; line 46218 (wfb::source-text names guatemala conventional_short_form "Guatemala" );; line 46220 (wfb::source-text names guatemala local_long_form "Republica de Guatemala" );; line 46222 (wfb::source-text names guatemala local_short_form "Guatemala" );; line 46224 (wfb::source-text digraph guatemala "GT" );; line 46228 (wfb::source-text type guatemala "republic" );; line 46232 (wfb::source-text capital guatemala "Guatemala" );; line 46236 (wfb::source-text administrative_divisions guatemala "22 departments (departamentos, singular - departamento); Alta Verapaz, Baja Verapaz, Chimaltenango, Chiquimula, El Progreso, Escuintla, Guatemala, Huehuetenango, Izabal, Jalapa, Jutiapa, Peten, Quetzaltenango, Quiche, Retalhuleu, Sacatepequez, San Marcos, Santa Rosa, Solola, Suchitepequez, Totonicapan, Zacapa" );; line 46240 (wfb::source-text independence guatemala "15 September 1821 (from Spain)" );; line 46248 (wfb::source-text national_holiday guatemala "Independence Day, 15 September (1821)" );; line 46252 (wfb::source-text constitution guatemala "31 May 1985, effective 14 January 1986" );; line 46256 (wfb::source-text legal_system guatemala "civil law system; judicial review of legislative acts; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction" );; line 46263 (wfb::source-text suffrage guatemala "18 years of age; universal" );; line 46268 (wfb::source-text executive_branch guatemala chief_of_state_and_head_of_government "President Ramiro DE LEON Carpio (since 6 June 1993); Vice President Arturo HERBRUGER (since 18 June 1993); election runoff held on 11 January 1991 (next to be held November 1995); results - Jorge SERRANO Elias (MAS) 68.1%, Jorge CARPIO Nicolle (UCN) 31.9%" );; line 46273 (wfb::source-text executive_branch guatemala cabinet "Council of Ministers; named by the president" );; line 46283 (wfb::source-text legislative_structure guatemala "unicameral" );; line 46287 (wfb::source-text legislative_branch guatemala |Congress of the Republic (Congreso de la Republica)| "by agreement of 11 November 1993, a special election was held on 14 August 1994 to select 80 new congressmen (next election to be held in November 1995 for full four year terms); results - percent of vote by party; FRG 40%, PAN 31.25%, DCG 15%, UCN 10%, MLN 2.5%, UD 1.25%; seats - (80 total) FRG 32, PAN 25, DCG 12, UCN 8, MLN 2, UD 1" );; line 46289 (wfb::source-text judicial_branch guatemala "Supreme Court of Justice (Corte Suprema de Justicia); additionally the Court of Constitutionality is presided over by the President of the Supreme Court" );; line 46304 (wfb::source-text political_parties_and_leaders guatemala "National Centrist Union (UCN), (vacant); Solidarity Action Movement (MAS), Oliverio GARCIA Rodas; Christian Democratic Party (DCG), Alfonso CABRERA Hidalgo; National Advancement Party (PAN), Alvaro ARZU Irigoyen; National Liberation Movement (MLN), Mario SANDOVAL Alarcon; Social Democratic Party (PSD), Mario SOLORZANO Martinez; Revolutionary Party (PR), Carlos CHAVARRIA Perez; Guatemalan Republican Front (FRG), Efrain RIOS Montt; Democratic Union (UD)" );; line 46310 (wfb::source-text other_political_or_pressure_groups guatemala "Coordinating Committee of Agricultural, Commercial, Industrial, and Financial Associations (CACIF); Mutual Support Group (GAM); Agrarian Owners Group (UNAGRO); Committee for Campesino Unity (CUC); leftist guerrilla movement known as Guatemalan National Revolutionary Union (URNG) has four main factions - Guerrilla army of the Poor (EGP); Revolutionary Organization of the People in Arms (ORPA); Rebel Armed Forces (FAR); Guatemalan Labor Party (PGT/O)" );; line 46320 (wfb::source-text member_of guatemala "BCIE, CACM, CCC, ECLAC, FAO, G-24, G-77, GATT, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, IOM, ITU, LAES, LAIA (observer), NAM, OAS, OPANAL, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNU, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO" );; line 46330 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us guatemala chief_of_mission "Ambassador Edmond MULET" );; line 46338 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us guatemala chancery "2220 R Street NW, Washington, DC 20008" );; line 46340 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us guatemala telephone "[1] (202) 745-4952 through 4954" );; line 46342 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us guatemala fax "[1] (202) 745-1908" );; line 46344 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us guatemala |consulate(s) general| "Chicago, Houston, Los Angeles, Miami, New York, and San Francisco" );; line 46346 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation guatemala chief_of_mission "Ambassador Marilyn McAFEE" );; line 46352 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation guatemala embassy "7-01 Avenida de la Reforma, Zone 10, Guatemala City" );; line 46354 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation guatemala mailing_address "APO AA 34024" );; line 46356 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation guatemala telephone "[502] (2) 311541" );; line 46358 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation guatemala fax "[502] (2) 318885" );; line 46360 (wfb::source-text flag guatemala "three equal vertical bands of light blue (hoist side), white, and light blue with the coat of arms centered in the white band; the coat of arms includes a green and red quetzal (the national bird) and a scroll bearing the inscription LIBERTAD 15 DE SEPTIEMBRE DE 1821 (the original date of independence from Spain) all superimposed on a pair of crossed rifles and a pair of crossed swords and framed by a wreath" );; line 46364 (wfb::source-text overview guatemala "The economy is based on family and corporate agriculture, which accounts for 25% of GDP, employs about 60% of the labor force, and supplies two-thirds of exports. Manufacturing, predominantly in private hands, accounts for about 15% of GDP and 12% of the labor force. In both 1990 and 1991, the economy grew by 3%, the fourth and fifth consecutive years of mild growth. In 1992 growth picked up to almost 5% as government policies favoring competition and foreign trade and investment took stronger hold. In 1993-94, despite political unrest, this momentum continued, foreign investment held up, and annual growth was 4%." );; line 46374 (wfb::source-text national_product guatemala "GDP - purchasing power parity - $33 billion (1994 est.)" );; line 46386 (wfb::source-text national_product_real_growth_rate guatemala "4% (1994 est.)" );; line 46390 (wfb::source-text national_product_per_capita guatemala "$3,080 (1994 est.)" );; line 46394 (wfb::source-text |Inflation rate (consumer prices)| guatemala "12% (1994 est.)" );; line 46398 (wfb::source-text unemployment_rate guatemala "4.9%; underemployment 30%-40% (1994 est.)" );; line 46402 (wfb::source-text budget guatemala revenues "$604 million (1990)" );; line 46407 (wfb::source-text budget guatemala expenditures "$808 million, including capital expenditures of $134 million (1990)" );; line 46409 (wfb::source-text exports guatemala "$1.38 billion (f.o.b., 1994 est.)" );; line 46414 (wfb::source-text exports guatemala commodities "coffee, sugar, bananas, cardamon, beef" );; line 46416 (wfb::source-text exports guatemala partners "US 30%, El Salvador, Costa Rica, Germany, Honduras" );; line 46418 (wfb::source-text imports guatemala "$2.6 billion (c.i.f., 1994 est.)" );; line 46422 (wfb::source-text imports guatemala commodities "fuel and petroleum products, machinery, grain, fertilizers, motor vehicles" );; line 46424 (wfb::source-text imports guatemala partners "US 44%, Mexico, Venezuela, Japan, Germany" );; line 46427 (wfb::source-text external_debt guatemala "$2.2 billion ( 1992 est.)" );; line 46431 (wfb::source-text industrial_production guatemala "growth rate 1.9% (1991 est.); accounts for 18% of GDP" );; line 46435 (wfb::source-text electricity guatemala capacity "700,000 kW" );; line 46440 (wfb::source-text electricity guatemala production "2.3 billion kWh" );; line 46442 (wfb::source-text electricity guatemala consumption_per_capita "211 kWh (1993)" );; line 46444 (wfb::source-text industry guatemala "sugar, textiles and clothing, furniture, chemicals, petroleum, metals, rubber, tourism" );; line 46448 (wfb::source-text agriculture guatemala "accounts for 25% of GDP; most important sector of economy; contributes two-thirds of export earnings; principal crops - sugarcane, corn, bananas, coffee, beans, cardamom; livestock - cattle, sheep, pigs, chickens; food importer" );; line 46453 (wfb::source-text illicit_drugs guatemala "transit country for cocaine shipments; illicit producer of opium poppy and cannabis for the international drug trade; the government has an active eradication program for cannabis and opium poppy" );; line 46460 (wfb::source-text economic_aid guatemala recipient "US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-90), $1.1 billion; Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-89), $7.92 billion" );; line 46467 (wfb::source-text currency guatemala "1 quetzal (Q) = 100 centavos" );; line 46472 (wfb::source-text exchange_rates guatemala "free market quetzales (Q) per US$1 - 5.7372 (January 1995), 5.7512 (1994), 5,6354 (1993), 5.1706 (1992), 5.0289 (1991), 4.4858 (1990); note - black-market rate 2.800 (May 1989)" );; line 46476 (wfb::source-text fiscal_year guatemala "calendar year" );; line 46482 (wfb::source-text railroads guatemala total "1,019 km (102 km privately owned)" );; line 46488 (wfb::source-text railroads guatemala narrow_gauge "1,019 km 0.914-m gauge (single track)" );; line 46490 (wfb::source-text highways guatemala total "26,429 km" );; line 46495 (wfb::source-text highways guatemala paved "2,868 km" );; line 46497 (wfb::source-text highways guatemala unpaved "gravel 11,421 km; unimproved earth 12,140 km" );; line 46499 (wfb::source-text inland_waterways guatemala "260 km navigable year round; additional 730 km navigable during high-water season" );; line 46503 (wfb::source-text pipelines guatemala "crude oil 275 km" );; line 46508 (wfb::source-text port guatemala "Champerico, Puerto Barrios, Puerto Quetzal, San Jose, Santo Tomas de Castilla" );; line 46512 (wfb::source-text merchant_marine guatemala "none" );; line 46517 (wfb::source-text airports guatemala total "528" );; line 46522 (wfb::source-text airports guatemala |with paved runways over 3,047 m| "1" );; line 46524 (wfb::source-text airports guatemala |with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m| "1" );; line 46526 (wfb::source-text airports guatemala |with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m| "2" );; line 46528 (wfb::source-text airports guatemala |with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m| "5" );; line 46530 (wfb::source-text airports guatemala with_paved_runways_under_914_m "360" );; line 46532 (wfb::source-text airports guatemala |with unpaved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m| "1" );; line 46534 (wfb::source-text airports guatemala |with unpaved runways 1,524 to 2,438 m| "12" );; line 46536 (wfb::source-text airports guatemala |with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m| "146" );; line 46538 (wfb::source-text telephone_system guatemala "97,670 telephones; fairly modern network centered in the city of Guatemala" );; line 46543 (wfb::source-text telephone_system guatemala local "NA" );; line 46546 (wfb::source-text telephone_system guatemala intercity "NA" );; line 46548 (wfb::source-text telephone_system guatemala international "connection into Central American Microwave System; 1 INTELSAT (Atlantic Ocean) earth station" );; line 46550 (wfb::source-text radio guatemala broadcast_stations "AM 91, FM 0, shortwave 15" );; line 46556 (wfb::source-text radio guatemala radios "NA" );; line 46558 (wfb::source-text television guatemala broadcast_stations "25" );; line 46563 (wfb::source-text television guatemala televisions "NA" );; line 46565 (wfb::source-text defense_branch guatemala "Army, Navy, Air Force" );; line 46571 (wfb::source-text manpower_availability guatemala "males age 15-49 2,574,501; males fit for military service 1,683,028; males reach military age (18) annually 123,715 (1995 est.)" );; line 46575 (wfb::source-text defense_expenditures guatemala "exchange rate conversion - $121 million, 1% of GDP (1993)" );; line 46580 (wfb::source-text location guernsey "Western Europe, islands in the English Channel, northwest of France" );; line 46590 (wfb::source-text map_references guernsey "Europe" );; line 46595 (wfb::source-text area guernsey total_area "194 sq km" );; line 46600 (wfb::source-text area guernsey land_area "194 sq km" );; line 46602 (wfb::source-text area guernsey comparative_area "slightly larger than Washington, DC" );; line 46604 (wfb::source-text borders guernsey "0 km" );; line 46611 (wfb::source-text coastline guernsey "50 km" );; line 46615 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims guernsey exclusive_fishing_zone "200 nm" );; line 46620 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims guernsey territorial_sea "3 nm" );; line 46622 (wfb::source-text international_disputes guernsey "none" );; line 46626 (wfb::source-text climate guernsey "temperate with mild winters and cool summers; about 50% of days are overcast" );; line 46630 (wfb::source-text terrain guernsey "mostly level with low hills in southwest" );; line 46635 (wfb::source-text natural-resource guernsey "cropland" );; line 46639 (wfb::source-text land_use guernsey arable_land "NA%" );; line 46644 (wfb::source-text land_use guernsey permanent_crops "NA%" );; line 46646 (wfb::source-text land_use guernsey meadows_and_pastures "NA%" );; line 46648 (wfb::source-text land_use guernsey forest_and_woodland "NA%" );; line 46650 (wfb::source-text land_use guernsey other "NA%" );; line 46652 (wfb::source-text irrigated_land guernsey "NA sq km" );; line 46656 (wfb::source-text environment guernsey current_issues "NA" );; line 46661 (wfb::source-text environment guernsey natural_hazards "NA" );; line 46663 (wfb::source-text environment guernsey international_agreements "NA" );; line 46665 (wfb::source-text note guernsey "large, deepwater harbor at Saint Peter Port" );; line 46669 (wfb::source-text population guernsey "64,353 (July 1995 est.)" );; line 46675 (wfb::source-text age_structure guernsey 0-14_years "18% (female 5,664; male 5,892)" );; line 46680 (wfb::source-text age_structure guernsey 15-64_years "66% (female 21,574; male 21,030)" );; line 46682 (wfb::source-text age_structure guernsey 65_years_and_over "16% (female 6,059; male 4,134) (July 1995 est.)" );; line 46684 (wfb::source-text population_growth_rate guernsey "0.98% (1995 est.)" );; line 46688 (wfb::source-text birth_rate guernsey "13.29 births/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 46692 (wfb::source-text death_rate guernsey "9.93 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 46696 (wfb::source-text net_migration_rate guernsey "6.4 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 46700 (wfb::source-text infant_mortality_rate guernsey "6.4 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.)" );; line 46704 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth guernsey total_population "78.34 years" );; line 46709 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth guernsey male "75.63 years" );; line 46711 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth guernsey female "81.07 years (1995 est.)" );; line 46713 (wfb::source-text total_fertility_rate guernsey "1.7 children born/woman (1995 est.)" );; line 46717 (wfb::source-text nationality guernsey noun "Channel Islander(s)" );; line 46722 (wfb::source-text nationality guernsey adjective "Channel Islander" );; line 46724 (wfb::source-text ethnic-entity guernsey "UK and Norman-French descent" );; line 46728 (wfb::source-text religion guernsey "Anglican, Roman Catholic, Presbyterian, Baptist, Congregational, Methodist" );; line 46732 (wfb::source-text language guernsey "English, French; Norman-French dialect spoken in country districts" );; line 46737 (wfb::source-text literacy guernsey "NA%" );; line 46742 (wfb::source-text total_labor_force guernsey "NA" );; line 46746 (wfb::source-text names guernsey conventional_long_form "Bailiwick of Guernsey" );; line 46752 (wfb::source-text names guernsey conventional_short_form "Guernsey" );; line 46754 (wfb::source-text digraph guernsey "GK" );; line 46758 (wfb::source-text type guernsey "British crown dependency" );; line 46762 (wfb::source-text capital guernsey "Saint Peter Port" );; line 46766 (wfb::source-text administrative_divisions guernsey "none (British crown dependency)" );; line 46770 (wfb::source-text independence guernsey "none (British crown dependency)" );; line 46774 (wfb::source-text national_holiday guernsey "Liberation Day, 9 May (1945)" );; line 46778 (wfb::source-text constitution guernsey "unwritten; partly statutes, partly common law and practice" );; line 46782 (wfb::source-text legal_system guernsey "English law and local statute; justice is administered by the Royal Court" );; line 46786 (wfb::source-text suffrage guernsey "18 years of age; universal" );; line 46791 (wfb::source-text executive_branch guernsey chief_of_state "Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952)" );; line 46796 (wfb::source-text executive_branch guernsey head_of_government "Lieutenant Governor and Commander in Chief Vice-Admiral Sir John COWARD (since NA 1994); Bailiff Mr. Graham Martyn DOREY (since February 1992)" );; line 46798 (wfb::source-text executive_branch guernsey cabinet "Advisory and Finance Committee (other committees); appointed by the States" );; line 46802 (wfb::source-text legislative_structure guernsey "unicameral" );; line 46807 (wfb::source-text legislative_branch guernsey assembly_of_the_states "elections last held NA (next to be held NA); results - no percent of vote by party since all are independents; seats - (60 total, 33 elected), all independents" );; line 46809 (wfb::source-text judicial_branch guernsey "Royal Court" );; line 46815 (wfb::source-text political_parties_and_leaders guernsey "none; all independents" );; line 46819 (wfb::source-text member_of guernsey "none" );; line 46823 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us guernsey "none (British crown dependency)" );; line 46827 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation guernsey "none (British crown dependency)" );; line 46831 (wfb::source-text flag guernsey "white with the red cross of Saint George (patron saint of England) extending to the edges of the flag" );; line 46835 (wfb::source-text overview guernsey "Financial services account for more than 50% of total income. Tourism, manufacturing, and horticulture, mainly tomatoes and cut flowers, have been declining. Bank profits (1992) registered a record 26% growth. Fund management and insurance are the two other major income generators. Per capita output and living standards are somewhat lower than the levels of the less affluent EU countries." );; line 46841 (wfb::source-text national_product guernsey "GDP $NA" );; line 46850 (wfb::source-text national_product_real_growth_rate guernsey "9% (1987)" );; line 46854 (wfb::source-text national_product_per_capita guernsey "$NA" );; line 46858 (wfb::source-text |Inflation rate (consumer prices)| guernsey "7% (1988)" );; line 46862 (wfb::source-text unemployment_rate guernsey "NA%" );; line 46866 (wfb::source-text budget guernsey revenues "$208.9 million" );; line 46871 (wfb::source-text budget guernsey expenditures "$173.9 million, including capital expenditures of $NA (1988)" );; line 46873 (wfb::source-text exports guernsey "$NA" );; line 46877 (wfb::source-text exports guernsey commodities "tomatoes, flowers and ferns, sweet peppers, eggplant, other vegetables" );; line 46879 (wfb::source-text exports guernsey partners "UK (regarded as internal trade)" );; line 46882 (wfb::source-text imports guernsey "$NA" );; line 46886 (wfb::source-text imports guernsey commodities "coal, gasoline, and oil" );; line 46888 (wfb::source-text imports guernsey partners "UK (regarded as internal trade)" );; line 46890 (wfb::source-text external_debt guernsey "$NA" );; line 46894 (wfb::source-text industrial_production guernsey "growth rate NA%" );; line 46898 (wfb::source-text electricity guernsey capacity "173,000 kW" );; line 46903 (wfb::source-text electricity guernsey production "525 million kWh" );; line 46905 (wfb::source-text electricity guernsey consumption_per_capita "9,060 kWh (1992)" );; line 46907 (wfb::source-text industry guernsey "tourism, banking" );; line 46911 (wfb::source-text agriculture guernsey "tomatoes, flowers (mostly grown in greenhouses), sweet peppers, eggplant, other vegetables, fruit; Guernsey cattle" );; line 46915 (wfb::source-text economic_aid guernsey "none" );; line 46920 (wfb::source-text currency guernsey "1 Guernsey (#G) pound = 100 pence" );; line 46924 (wfb::source-text exchange_rates guernsey "Guernsey pounds (#G) per US$1 - 0.6350 (January 1995), 0.6529 (1994), 0.6658 (1993), 0.5664 (1992), 0.5652 (1991), 0.5603 (1990); note - the Guernsey pound is at par with the British pound" );; line 46928 (wfb::source-text fiscal_year guernsey "calendar year" );; line 46934 (wfb::source-text railroads guernsey "0 km" );; line 46939 (wfb::source-text highways guernsey total "NA" );; line 46944 (wfb::source-text highways guernsey paved "NA" );; line 46946 (wfb::source-text highways guernsey unpaved "NA" );; line 46948 (wfb::source-text port guernsey "Saint Peter Port, Saint Sampson" );; line 46952 (wfb::source-text merchant_marine guernsey "none" );; line 46956 (wfb::source-text airports guernsey total "2" );; line 46961 (wfb::source-text airports guernsey |with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m| "1" );; line 46963 (wfb::source-text airports guernsey with_paved_runways_under_914_m "1" );; line 46965 (wfb::source-text telephone_system guernsey "41,900 telephones" );; line 46970 (wfb::source-text telephone_system guernsey local "NA" );; line 46972 (wfb::source-text telephone_system guernsey intercity "NA" );; line 46974 (wfb::source-text telephone_system guernsey international "1 submarine cable" );; line 46976 (wfb::source-text radio guernsey broadcast_stations "AM 1, FM 0, shortwave 0" );; line 46981 (wfb::source-text radio guernsey radios "NA" );; line 46983 (wfb::source-text television guernsey broadcast_stations "1" );; line 46988 (wfb::source-text television guernsey televisions "NA" );; line 46990 (wfb::source-text note guernsey "defense is the responsibility of the UK" );; line 46996 (wfb::source-text location guinea "Western Africa, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean, between Guinea-Bissau and Sierra Leone" );; line 47006 (wfb::source-text map_references guinea "Africa" );; line 47011 (wfb::source-text area guinea total_area "245,860 sq km" );; line 47016 (wfb::source-text area guinea land_area "245,860 sq km" );; line 47018 (wfb::source-text area guinea comparative_area "slightly smaller than Oregon" );; line 47020 (wfb::source-text borders guinea "total 3,399 km, Guinea-Bissau 386 km, Cote d'Ivoire 610 km, Liberia 563 km, Mali 858 km, Senegal 330 km, Sierra Leone 652 km" );; line 47024 (wfb::source-text coastline guinea "320 km" );; line 47029 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims guinea exclusive_economic_zone "200 nm" );; line 47034 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims guinea territorial_sea "12 nm" );; line 47036 (wfb::source-text international_disputes guinea "none" );; line 47040 (wfb::source-text climate guinea "generally hot and humid; monsoonal-type rainy season (June to November) with southwesterly winds; dry season (December to May) with northeasterly harmattan winds" );; line 47044 (wfb::source-text terrain guinea "generally flat coastal plain, hilly to mountainous interior" );; line 47050 (wfb::source-text natural-resource guinea "bauxite, iron ore, diamonds, gold, uranium, hydropower, fish" );; line 47054 (wfb::source-text land_use guinea arable_land "6%" );; line 47059 (wfb::source-text land_use guinea permanent_crops "0%" );; line 47061 (wfb::source-text land_use guinea meadows_and_pastures "12%" );; line 47063 (wfb::source-text land_use guinea forest_and_woodland "42%" );; line 47065 (wfb::source-text land_use guinea other "40%" );; line 47067 (wfb::source-text irrigated_land guinea "240 sq km (1989 est.)" );; line 47071 (wfb::source-text environment guinea current_issues "deforestation; inadequate supplies of potable water; desertification; soil contamination and erosion; overfishing" );; line 47076 (wfb::source-text environment guinea natural_hazards "hot, dry, dusty harmattan haze may reduce visibility during dry season" );; line 47079 (wfb::source-text environment guinea international_agreements "party to - Biodiversity, Climate Change, Endangered Species, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands; signed, but not ratified - Desertification" );; line 47082 (wfb::source-text population guinea "6,549,336 (July 1995 est.)" );; line 47090 (wfb::source-text age_structure guinea 0-14_years "44% (female 1,450,501; male 1,448,164)" );; line 47095 (wfb::source-text age_structure guinea 15-64_years "53% (female 1,784,420; male 1,691,502)" );; line 47097 (wfb::source-text age_structure guinea 65_years_and_over "3% (female 102,735; male 72,014) (July 1995 est.)" );; line 47099 (wfb::source-text population_growth_rate guinea "2.43% (1995 est.)" );; line 47103 (wfb::source-text birth_rate guinea "43.43 births/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 47107 (wfb::source-text death_rate guinea "19.13 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 47111 (wfb::source-text net_migration_rate guinea "NA migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 47115 (wfb::source-text infant_mortality_rate guinea "136.6 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.)" );; line 47124 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth guinea total_population "44.6 years" );; line 47129 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth guinea male "42.31 years" );; line 47131 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth guinea female "46.95 years (1995 est.)" );; line 47133 (wfb::source-text total_fertility_rate guinea "5.79 children born/woman (1995 est.)" );; line 47137 (wfb::source-text nationality guinea noun "Guinean(s)" );; line 47142 (wfb::source-text nationality guinea adjective "Guinean" );; line 47144 (wfb::source-text ethnic-entity guinea "Peuhl 40%, Malinke 30%, Soussou 20%, smaller tribes 10%" );; line 47148 (wfb::source-text religion guinea "Muslim 85%, Christian 8%, indigenous beliefs 7%" );; line 47152 (wfb::source-text language guinea "French (official); each tribe has its own language" );; line 47156 (wfb::source-text literacy guinea "age 15 and over can read and write (1990 est.)" );; line 47160 (wfb::source-text literacy guinea total_population "24%" );; line 47162 (wfb::source-text literacy guinea male "35%" );; line 47164 (wfb::source-text literacy guinea female "13%" );; line 47166 (wfb::source-text total_labor_force guinea "2.4 million (1983)" );; line 47170 (wfb::source-text labor_force_by_occupation guinea by_occupation "agriculture 80.0%, industry and commerce 11.0%, services 5.4%, civil servants 3.6%" );; line 47172 (wfb::source-text names guinea conventional_long_form "Republic of Guinea" );; line 47179 (wfb::source-text names guinea conventional_short_form "Guinea" );; line 47181 (wfb::source-text names guinea local_long_form "Republique de Guinee" );; line 47183 (wfb::source-text names guinea local_short_form "Guinee" );; line 47185 (wfb::source-text names guinea former "French Guinea" );; line 47187 (wfb::source-text digraph guinea "GV" );; line 47191 (wfb::source-text type guinea "republic" );; line 47195 (wfb::source-text capital guinea "Conakry" );; line 47199 (wfb::source-text administrative_divisions guinea "33 administrative regions (regions administratives, singular - region administrative); Beyla, Boffa, Boke, Conakry, Coyah, Dabola, Dalaba, Dinguiraye, Faranah, Forecariah, Fria, Gaoual, Gueckedou, Kankan, Kerouane, Kindia, Kissidougou, Koubia, Koundara, Kouroussa, Labe, Lelouma, Lola, Macenta, Mali, Mamou, Mandiana, Nzerekore, Pita, Siguiri, Telimele, Tougue, Yomou" );; line 47203 (wfb::source-text independence guinea "2 October 1958 (from France)" );; line 47211 (wfb::source-text national_holiday guinea "Anniversary of the Second Republic, 3 April (1984)" );; line 47215 (wfb::source-text constitution guinea "23 December 1990 (Loi Fundamentale)" );; line 47219 (wfb::source-text legal_system guinea "based on French civil law system, customary law, and decree; legal codes currently being revised; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction" );; line 47223 (wfb::source-text suffrage guinea "18 years of age; universal" );; line 47228 (wfb::source-text executive_branch guinea chief_of_state_and_head_of_government "President Lansana CONTE, elected in the first multi-party election 19 December 1993; prior to the election he had ruled as head of military government since 5 April 1984" );; line 47233 (wfb::source-text executive_branch guinea cabinet "Council of Ministers; appointed by the president" );; line 47237 (wfb::source-text legislative_structure guinea "unicameral" );; line 47241 (wfb::source-text legislative_branch guinea |People's National Assembly (Assemblee Nationale Populaire)| "the People's National Assembly was dissolved after the 3 April 1984 coup; framework established in December 1991 for a new National Assembly with 114 seats; legislative elections, tentatively scheduled for 1994, were not held and are now rescheduled for 11 June 1995" );; line 47243 (wfb::source-text judicial_branch guinea "Court of Appeal (Cour d'Appel)" );; line 47250 (wfb::source-text political_parties_and_leaders guinea "political parties were legalized on 1 April 1992" );; line 47254 (wfb::source-text political_parties_and_leaders guinea pro-government "Party for Unity and Progress (PUP)" );; line 47256 (wfb::source-text political_parties_and_leaders guinea other "Rally for the Guinean People (RPG), Alpha CONDE; Union for a New Republic (UNR), Mamadou BAH; Party for Renewal and Progress (PRP), Siradiou DIALLO; Movement of Patriotic Democrats (MDP), Ahmed Tidiane CISSE" );; line 47258 (wfb::source-text member_of guinea "ACCT, ACP, AfDB, CCC, CEAO (observer), ECA, ECOWAS, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, ITU, MINURSO, NAM, OAU, OIC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO" );; line 47264 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us guinea chief_of_mission "Ambassador Elhadj Boubacar BARRY" );; line 47272 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us guinea chancery "2112 Leroy Place NW, Washington, DC 20008" );; line 47274 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us guinea telephone "[1] (202) 483-9420" );; line 47276 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us guinea fax "[1] (202) 483-8688" );; line 47278 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation guinea chief_of_mission "Ambassador Joseph A. SALOOM III" );; line 47283 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation guinea embassy "2nd Boulevard and 9th Avenue, Conakry" );; line 47285 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation guinea mailing_address "B. P. 603, Conakry" );; line 47287 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation guinea telephone "[224] 44 15 20 through 44 15 23" );; line 47289 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation guinea fax "[224] 44 15 22" );; line 47291 (wfb::source-text flag guinea "three equal vertical bands of red (hoist side), yellow, and green; uses the popular pan-African colors of Ethiopia; similar to the flag of Rwanda, which has a large black letter R centered in the yellow band" );; line 47295 (wfb::source-text overview guinea "Although possessing major mineral and hydropower resources and considerable potential for agricultural development, Guinea remains one of the poorest countries in the world. The agricultural sector contributes about 40% to GDP and employs 80% of the work force, while industry accounts for 27% of GDP. Guinea possesses over 25% of the world's bauxite reserves. The mining sector accounted for 85% of exports in 1991. Long-run improvements in literacy, financial institutions, and the legal framework are needed if the country is to move out of poverty. Except in the bauxite industry, foreign investment remains minimal." );; line 47302 (wfb::source-text national_product guinea "GDP - purchasing power parity - $6.3 billion (1994 est.)" );; line 47314 (wfb::source-text national_product_real_growth_rate guinea "0.8% (1994 est.)" );; line 47318 (wfb::source-text national_product_per_capita guinea "$980 (1994 est.)" );; line 47322 (wfb::source-text |Inflation rate (consumer prices)| guinea "16.6% (1992 est.)" );; line 47326 (wfb::source-text unemployment_rate guinea "NA%" );; line 47330 (wfb::source-text budget guinea revenues "$449 million" );; line 47335 (wfb::source-text budget guinea expenditures "$708 million, including capital expenditures of $361 million (1990 est.)" );; line 47337 (wfb::source-text exports guinea "$622 million (f.o.b., 1992 est.)" );; line 47342 (wfb::source-text exports guinea commodities "bauxite, alumina, diamonds, gold, coffee, pineapples, bananas, palm kernels" );; line 47344 (wfb::source-text exports guinea partners "US 23%, Belgium 12%, Ireland 12%, Spain 12%" );; line 47347 (wfb::source-text imports guinea "$768 million (c.i.f., 1992 est.)" );; line 47351 (wfb::source-text imports guinea commodities "petroleum products, metals, machinery, transport equipment, foodstuffs, textiles, and other grain" );; line 47353 (wfb::source-text imports guinea partners "France 26%, Cote d'Ivoire 12%, Hong Kong 6%, Germany 6%" );; line 47356 (wfb::source-text external_debt guinea "2.5 billion (1992)" );; line 47360 (wfb::source-text industrial_production guinea "growth rate NA%; accounts for 27% of GDP" );; line 47364 (wfb::source-text electricity guinea capacity "180,000 kW" );; line 47369 (wfb::source-text electricity guinea production "520 million kWh" );; line 47371 (wfb::source-text electricity guinea consumption_per_capita "77 kWh (1993)" );; line 47373 (wfb::source-text industry guinea "mining - bauxite, gold, diamonds; alumina refining; light manufacturing and agricultural processing industries" );; line 47377 (wfb::source-text agriculture guinea "accounts for 40% of GDP (includes fishing and forestry); mostly subsistence farming; principal products - rice, coffee, pineapples, palm kernels, cassava, bananas, sweet potatoes, timber; livestock - cattle, sheep and goats; not self-sufficient in food grains" );; line 47382 (wfb::source-text economic_aid guinea recipient "US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-89), $227 million; Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-89), $1.465 billion; OPEC bilateral aid (1979-89), $120 million; Communist countries (1970-89), $446 million" );; line 47390 (wfb::source-text currency guinea "1 Guinean franc (FG) = 100 centimes" );; line 47397 (wfb::source-text exchange_rates guinea "Guinean francs (FG) per US$1 - 810.94 (1 July 1993), 922.9 (30 September 1992), 675 (1990), 618 (1989), 515 (1988), 440 (1987), 383 (1986)" );; line 47401 (wfb::source-text fiscal_year guinea "calendar year" );; line 47406 (wfb::source-text railroads guinea total "1,048 km" );; line 47412 (wfb::source-text railroads guinea standard_gauge "241 km 1.435-m gauge" );; line 47414 (wfb::source-text railroads guinea narrow_gauge "807 km 1.000-m gauge" );; line 47416 (wfb::source-text highways guinea total "30,100 km" );; line 47421 (wfb::source-text highways guinea paved "1,145 km" );; line 47423 (wfb::source-text highways guinea unpaved "gravel, crushed stone 12,955 km (of which barely 4,500 are currently all-weather roads); unimproved earth 16,000 km (1987)" );; line 47425 (wfb::source-text inland_waterways guinea "1,295 km navigable by shallow-draft native craft" );; line 47430 (wfb::source-text port guinea "Boke, Conakry, Kamsar" );; line 47434 (wfb::source-text merchant_marine guinea "none" );; line 47438 (wfb::source-text airports guinea total "15" );; line 47443 (wfb::source-text airports guinea |with paved runways over 3,047 m| "1" );; line 47445 (wfb::source-text airports guinea |with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m| "2" );; line 47447 (wfb::source-text airports guinea |with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m| "1" );; line 47449 (wfb::source-text airports guinea with_paved_runways_under_914_m "1" );; line 47451 (wfb::source-text airports guinea |with unpaved runways 1,524 to 2,438 m| "7" );; line 47453 (wfb::source-text airports guinea |with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m| "3" );; line 47455 (wfb::source-text telephone_system guinea "15,000 telephones; poor to fair system of open-wire lines, small radiocommunication stations, and new radio relay system" );; line 47460 (wfb::source-text telephone_system guinea local "NA" );; line 47463 (wfb::source-text telephone_system guinea intercity "microwave radio relay and radio communication stations" );; line 47465 (wfb::source-text telephone_system guinea international "1 INTELSAT (Atlantic Ocean) earth station" );; line 47467 (wfb::source-text radio guinea broadcast_stations "AM 3, FM 1, shortwave 0" );; line 47472 (wfb::source-text radio guinea radios "200,000" );; line 47474 (wfb::source-text television guinea broadcast_stations "1" );; line 47479 (wfb::source-text television guinea televisions "65,000" );; line 47481 (wfb::source-text defense_branch guinea "Army, Navy (acts primarily as a coast guard), Air Force, Republican Guard, Presidential Guard, paramilitary National Gendarmerie, National Police Force (Surete National)" );; line 47487 (wfb::source-text manpower_availability guinea "males age 15-49 1,478,653; males fit for military service 745,990 (1995 est.)" );; line 47493 (wfb::source-text defense_expenditures guinea "exchange rate conversion - $50 million, 1.6% of GDP (1994)" );; line 47498 (wfb::source-text location guinea-bissau "Western Africa, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean, between Guinea and Senegal" );; line 47508 (wfb::source-text map_references guinea-bissau "Africa" );; line 47513 (wfb::source-text area guinea-bissau total_area "36,120 sq km" );; line 47518 (wfb::source-text area guinea-bissau land_area "28,000 sq km" );; line 47520 (wfb::source-text area guinea-bissau comparative_area "slightly less than three times the size of Connecticut" );; line 47522 (wfb::source-text borders guinea-bissau "total 724 km, Guinea 386 km, Senegal 338 km" );; line 47526 (wfb::source-text coastline guinea-bissau "350 km" );; line 47530 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims guinea-bissau exclusive_economic_zone "200 nm" );; line 47535 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims guinea-bissau territorial_sea "12 nm" );; line 47537 (wfb::source-text international_disputes guinea-bissau "none" );; line 47541 (wfb::source-text climate guinea-bissau "tropical; generally hot and humid; monsoonal-type rainy season (June to November) with southwesterly winds; dry season (December to May) with northeasterly harmattan winds" );; line 47545 (wfb::source-text terrain guinea-bissau "mostly low coastal plain rising to savanna in east" );; line 47551 (wfb::source-text natural-resource guinea-bissau "unexploited deposits of petroleum, bauxite, phosphates, fish, timber" );; line 47555 (wfb::source-text land_use guinea-bissau arable_land "11%" );; line 47561 (wfb::source-text land_use guinea-bissau permanent_crops "1%" );; line 47563 (wfb::source-text land_use guinea-bissau meadows_and_pastures "43%" );; line 47565 (wfb::source-text land_use guinea-bissau forest_and_woodland "38%" );; line 47567 (wfb::source-text land_use guinea-bissau other "7%" );; line 47569 (wfb::source-text irrigated_land guinea-bissau "NA sq km" );; line 47573 (wfb::source-text environment guinea-bissau current_issues "deforestation; soil erosion; overgrazing; overfishing" );; line 47578 (wfb::source-text environment guinea-bissau natural_hazards "hot, dry, dusty harmattan haze may reduce visibility during dry season; brush fires" );; line 47580 (wfb::source-text environment guinea-bissau international_agreements "party to - Endangered Species, Law of the Sea, Nuclear Test Ban, Wetlands; signed, but not ratified - Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification" );; line 47583 (wfb::source-text population guinea-bissau "1,124,537 (July 1995 est.)" );; line 47591 (wfb::source-text age_structure guinea-bissau 0-14_years "43% (female 242,518; male 243,093)" );; line 47596 (wfb::source-text age_structure guinea-bissau 15-64_years "54% (female 320,987; male 286,308)" );; line 47598 (wfb::source-text age_structure guinea-bissau 65_years_and_over "3% (female 16,129; male 15,502) (July 1995 est.)" );; line 47600 (wfb::source-text population_growth_rate guinea-bissau "2.36% (1995 est.)" );; line 47604 (wfb::source-text birth_rate guinea-bissau "40.24 births/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 47608 (wfb::source-text death_rate guinea-bissau "16.62 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 47612 (wfb::source-text net_migration_rate guinea-bissau "0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 47616 (wfb::source-text infant_mortality_rate guinea-bissau "117.9 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.)" );; line 47620 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth guinea-bissau total_population "47.87 years" );; line 47625 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth guinea-bissau male "46.21 years" );; line 47627 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth guinea-bissau female "49.57 years (1995 est.)" );; line 47629 (wfb::source-text total_fertility_rate guinea-bissau "5.43 children born/woman (1995 est.)" );; line 47633 (wfb::source-text nationality guinea-bissau noun "Guinea-Bissauan(s)" );; line 47638 (wfb::source-text nationality guinea-bissau adjective "Guinea-Bissauan" );; line 47640 (wfb::source-text ethnic-entity guinea-bissau "African 99% (Balanta 30%, Fula 20%, Manjaca 14%, Mandinga 13%, Papel 7%), European and mulatto less than 1%" );; line 47644 (wfb::source-text religion guinea-bissau "indigenous beliefs 65%, Muslim 30%, Christian 5%" );; line 47649 (wfb::source-text language guinea-bissau "Portuguese (official), Criolo, African languages" );; line 47653 (wfb::source-text literacy guinea-bissau "age 15 and over can read and write (1990 est.)" );; line 47657 (wfb::source-text literacy guinea-bissau total_population "36%" );; line 47659 (wfb::source-text literacy guinea-bissau male "50%" );; line 47661 (wfb::source-text literacy guinea-bissau female "24%" );; line 47663 (wfb::source-text total_labor_force guinea-bissau "403,000 (est.)" );; line 47667 (wfb::source-text labor_force_by_occupation guinea-bissau by_occupation "agriculture 90%, industry, services, and commerce 5%, government 5%" );; line 47669 (wfb::source-text names guinea-bissau conventional_long_form "Republic of Guinea-Bissau" );; line 47676 (wfb::source-text names guinea-bissau conventional_short_form "Guinea-Bissau" );; line 47678 (wfb::source-text names guinea-bissau local_long_form "Republica de Guine-Bissau" );; line 47680 (wfb::source-text names guinea-bissau local_short_form "Guine-Bissau" );; line 47682 (wfb::source-text names guinea-bissau former "Portuguese Guinea" );; line 47684 (wfb::source-text digraph guinea-bissau "PU" );; line 47688 (wfb::source-text type guinea-bissau "republic, formerly highly centralized, multiparty since mid-1991" );; line 47692 (wfb::source-text capital guinea-bissau "Bissau" );; line 47696 (wfb::source-text administrative_divisions guinea-bissau "9 regions (regioes, singular - regiao); Bafata, Biombo, Bissau, Bolama, Cacheu, Gabu, Oio, Quinara, Tombali" );; line 47700 (wfb::source-text independence guinea-bissau "10 September 1974 (from Portugal)" );; line 47705 (wfb::source-text national_holiday guinea-bissau "Independence Day, 10 September (1974)" );; line 47709 (wfb::source-text constitution guinea-bissau "16 May 1984, amended 4 May 1991 (currently undergoing revision to liberalize popular participation in the government)" );; line 47713 (wfb::source-text legal_system guinea-bissau "NA" );; line 47718 (wfb::source-text suffrage guinea-bissau "15 years of age; universal" );; line 47722 (wfb::source-text executive_branch guinea-bissau chief_of_state "President of the Republic of Guinea-Bissau Joao Bernardo VIEIRA (assumed power 14 November 1980); election last held August 1994 (next to be held 1999); results - Joao Bernardo VIEIRA 52%, Kumba YALLA 48%" );; line 47727 (wfb::source-text executive_branch guinea-bissau head_of_government "Prime Minister Manuel SATURNINO, since 5 November 1994" );; line 47731 (wfb::source-text executive_branch guinea-bissau cabinet "Council of Ministers; appointed by the president" );; line 47733 (wfb::source-text legislative_structure guinea-bissau "unicameral" );; line 47737 (wfb::source-text legislative_branch guinea-bissau |National People's Assembly| "(Assembleia Nacional Popular) elections last held 3 July and 7 August 1994 (next to be held 1999); results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (100 total) PAIGC 62, RGB 19, PRS 12, Union for Change Coalition 6, FLING 1" );; line 47739 (wfb::source-text judicial_branch guinea-bissau "none; there is a Ministry of Justice in the Council of Ministers" );; line 47746 (wfb::source-text political_parties_and_leaders guinea-bissau "African Party for the Independence of Guinea-Bissau and Cape Verde (PAIGC), President Joao Bernardo VIEIRA, leader; Guinea-Bissau Resistance (RGB); Democratic Front (FD), Aristides MENEZES, leader; Social Renovation Party (PRS); Union for Change Coalition; Front for the Liberation and Independence of Guinea (FLING); Democratic Social Front (FDS), Rafael BARBOSA, leader; Bafata Movement, Domingos Fernandes GARNER, leader; Guinea-Bissau Resistance (RGB); Union for Change Coalition; Front for the Liberation and Independence of Guinea (FLING)" );; line 47750 (wfb::source-text member_of guinea-bissau "ACCT (associate), ACP, AfDB, ECA, ECOWAS, FAO, G-77, GATT, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT (nonsignatory user), INTERPOL, IOM (observer), ITU, NAM, OAU, OIC, UN, UNAVEM II, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNOMIL, UNOMOZ, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO" );; line 47761 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us guinea-bissau chief_of_mission "Ambassador Alfredo Lopes CABRAL" );; line 47769 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us guinea-bissau chancery "918 16th Street NW, Mezzanine Suite, Washington, DC 20006" );; line 47771 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us guinea-bissau telephone "[1] (202) 872-4222" );; line 47773 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us guinea-bissau fax "[1] (202) 872-4226" );; line 47775 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation guinea-bissau chief_of_mission "Ambassador Roger A. McGUIRE" );; line 47780 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation guinea-bissau embassy "Bairro de Penha, Bissau" );; line 47782 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation guinea-bissau mailing_address "C.P. 297, 1067 Bissau Codex, Bissau, Guinea-Bissau" );; line 47784 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation guinea-bissau telephone "[245] 252273, 252274, 252275, 252276" );; line 47786 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation guinea-bissau fax "[245] 252282" );; line 47788 (wfb::source-text flag guinea-bissau "two equal horizontal bands of yellow (top) and green with a vertical red band on the hoist side; there is a black five-pointed star centered in the red band; uses the popular pan-African colors of Ethiopia; similar to the flag of Cape Verde, which has the black star raised above the center of the red band and is framed by two corn stalks and a yellow clam shell" );; line 47792 (wfb::source-text overview guinea-bissau "Guinea-Bissau ranks among the poorest countries in the world. Agriculture and fishing are the main economic activities. Cashew nuts, peanuts, and palm kernels are the primary exports. Exploitation of known mineral deposits is unlikely at present because of a weak infrastructure and the high cost of development. With IMF support the country is committed to an economic reform program emphasizing monetary stability and private sector growth. This process will continue at a slow pace because of a heavy foreign debt burden and internal constraints." );; line 47802 (wfb::source-text national_product guinea-bissau "GDP - purchasing power parity - $900 million (1993 est.)" );; line 47813 (wfb::source-text national_product_real_growth_rate guinea-bissau "2.9% (1993 est.)" );; line 47817 (wfb::source-text national_product_per_capita guinea-bissau "$840 (1994 est.)" );; line 47821 (wfb::source-text |Inflation rate (consumer prices)| guinea-bissau "55% (1991 est.)" );; line 47825 (wfb::source-text unemployment_rate guinea-bissau "NA%" );; line 47829 (wfb::source-text budget guinea-bissau revenues "$33.6 million" );; line 47834 (wfb::source-text budget guinea-bissau expenditures "$44.8 million, including capital expenditures of $570,000 (1991 est.)" );; line 47836 (wfb::source-text exports guinea-bissau "$19 million (f.o.b., 1993)" );; line 47841 (wfb::source-text exports guinea-bissau commodities "cashews, fish, peanuts, palm kernels" );; line 47843 (wfb::source-text exports guinea-bissau partners "Portugal, Spain, Senegal, India, Nigeria" );; line 47845 (wfb::source-text imports guinea-bissau "$56 million (f.o.b., 1993)" );; line 47849 (wfb::source-text imports guinea-bissau commodities "foodstuffs, transport equipment, petroleum products, machinery and equipment" );; line 47851 (wfb::source-text imports guinea-bissau partners "Portugal, Netherlands, China, Germany, Senegal" );; line 47854 (wfb::source-text external_debt guinea-bissau "$462 million (December 1990 est.)" );; line 47858 (wfb::source-text industrial_production guinea-bissau "growth rate NA (1991 est.); accounts for 8% of GDP" );; line 47862 (wfb::source-text electricity guinea-bissau capacity "22,000 kW" );; line 47867 (wfb::source-text electricity guinea-bissau production "40 million kWh" );; line 47869 (wfb::source-text electricity guinea-bissau consumption_per_capita "37 kWh (1993)" );; line 47871 (wfb::source-text industry guinea-bissau "agricultural processing, beer, soft drinks" );; line 47875 (wfb::source-text agriculture guinea-bissau "accounts for over 45% of GDP, nearly 100% of exports, and 90% of employment; rice is the staple food; other crops include corn, beans, cassava, cashew nuts, peanuts, palm kernels, and cotton; not self-sufficient in food; fishing and forestry potential not fully exploited" );; line 47879 (wfb::source-text economic_aid guinea-bissau recipient "US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-89), $49 million; Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-89), $615 million; OPEC bilateral aid (1979-89), $41 million; Communist countries (1970-89), $68 million" );; line 47887 (wfb::source-text currency guinea-bissau "1 Guinea-Bissauan peso (PG) = 100 centavos" );; line 47894 (wfb::source-text exchange_rates guinea-bissau "Guinea-Bissauan pesos (PG) per US$1 - 14,482 (December 1994), 12,892 (1994), 10,082 (1993), 6,934 (1992), 3,659 (1991), 2,185 (1990)" );; line 47898 (wfb::source-text fiscal_year guinea-bissau "calendar year" );; line 47903 (wfb::source-text railroads guinea-bissau "0 km" );; line 47908 (wfb::source-text highways guinea-bissau total "3,218 km" );; line 47913 (wfb::source-text highways guinea-bissau paved "bituminous 2,698 km" );; line 47915 (wfb::source-text highways guinea-bissau unpaved "earth 520 km" );; line 47917 (wfb::source-text inland_waterways guinea-bissau "scattered stretches are important to coastal commerce" );; line 47921 (wfb::source-text port guinea-bissau "Bissau" );; line 47925 (wfb::source-text merchant_marine guinea-bissau "none" );; line 47929 (wfb::source-text airports guinea-bissau total "32" );; line 47934 (wfb::source-text airports guinea-bissau |with paved runways over 3,047 m| "1" );; line 47936 (wfb::source-text airports guinea-bissau |with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m| "2" );; line 47938 (wfb::source-text airports guinea-bissau |with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m| "1" );; line 47940 (wfb::source-text airports guinea-bissau with_paved_runways_under_914_m "22" );; line 47942 (wfb::source-text airports guinea-bissau |with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m| "6" );; line 47944 (wfb::source-text telephone_system guinea-bissau "3,000 telephones; poor system; telephone density - 2.7 telephones/1,000 persons" );; line 47949 (wfb::source-text telephone_system guinea-bissau local "NA" );; line 47952 (wfb::source-text telephone_system guinea-bissau intercity "combination of microwave radio relay, open wire lines and radiocommunications" );; line 47954 (wfb::source-text telephone_system guinea-bissau international "NA" );; line 47957 (wfb::source-text radio guinea-bissau broadcast_stations "AM 2, FM 3, shortwave 0" );; line 47962 (wfb::source-text radio guinea-bissau radios "NA" );; line 47964 (wfb::source-text television guinea-bissau broadcast_stations "1" );; line 47969 (wfb::source-text television guinea-bissau televisions "NA" );; line 47971 (wfb::source-text defense_branch guinea-bissau "People's Revolutionary Armed Force (FARP; includes Army, Navy, and Air Force), paramilitary force" );; line 47977 (wfb::source-text manpower_availability guinea-bissau "males age 15-49 251,636; males fit for military service 143,694 (1995 est.)" );; line 47982 (wfb::source-text defense_expenditures guinea-bissau "exchange rate conversion - $9 million, 4.5% of GDP (1994)" );; line 47987 (wfb::source-text location guyana "Northern South America, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean, between Suriname and Venezuela" );; line 47997 (wfb::source-text map_references guyana "South America" );; line 48002 (wfb::source-text area guyana total_area "214,970 sq km" );; line 48007 (wfb::source-text area guyana land_area "196,850 sq km" );; line 48009 (wfb::source-text area guyana comparative_area "slightly smaller than Idaho" );; line 48011 (wfb::source-text borders guyana "total 2,462 km, Brazil 1,119 km, Suriname 600 km, Venezuela 743 km" );; line 48015 (wfb::source-text coastline guyana "459 km" );; line 48020 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims guyana continental_shelf "200 nm or to the outer edge of the continental margin" );; line 48025 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims guyana exclusive_fishing_zone "200 nm" );; line 48027 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims guyana territorial_sea "12 nm" );; line 48029 (wfb::source-text international_disputes guyana "all of the area west of the Essequibo River claimed by Venezuela; Suriname claims area between New (Upper Courantyne) and Courantyne/Kutari Rivers (all headwaters of the Courantyne)" );; line 48033 (wfb::source-text climate guyana "tropical; hot, humid, moderated by northeast trade winds; two rainy seasons (May to mid-August, mid-November to mid-January)" );; line 48039 (wfb::source-text terrain guyana "mostly rolling highlands; low coastal plain; savanna in south" );; line 48044 (wfb::source-text natural-resource guyana "bauxite, gold, diamonds, hardwood timber, shrimp, fish" );; line 48048 (wfb::source-text land_use guyana arable_land "3%" );; line 48053 (wfb::source-text land_use guyana permanent_crops "0%" );; line 48055 (wfb::source-text land_use guyana meadows_and_pastures "6%" );; line 48057 (wfb::source-text land_use guyana forest_and_woodland "83%" );; line 48059 (wfb::source-text land_use guyana other "8%" );; line 48061 (wfb::source-text irrigated_land guyana "1,300 sq km (1989 est.)" );; line 48065 (wfb::source-text environment guyana current_issues "water pollution from sewage and agricultural and industrial chemicals; deforestation" );; line 48070 (wfb::source-text environment guyana natural_hazards "flash floods are a constant threat during rainy seasons" );; line 48073 (wfb::source-text environment guyana international_agreements "party to - Biodiversity, Climate Change, Endangered Species, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Tropical Timber 83" );; line 48075 (wfb::source-text population guyana "723,774 (July 1995 est.)" );; line 48082 (wfb::source-text age_structure guyana 0-14_years "33% (female 118,515; male 123,048)" );; line 48087 (wfb::source-text age_structure guyana 15-64_years "62% (female 224,484; male 225,543)" );; line 48089 (wfb::source-text age_structure guyana 65_years_and_over "5% (female 17,540; male 14,644) (July 1995 est.)" );; line 48091 (wfb::source-text population_growth_rate guyana "-0.81% (1995 est.)" );; line 48095 (wfb::source-text birth_rate guyana "19.41 births/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 48099 (wfb::source-text death_rate guyana "7.34 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 48103 (wfb::source-text net_migration_rate guyana "-20.19 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 48107 (wfb::source-text infant_mortality_rate guyana "47.7 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.)" );; line 48111 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth guyana total_population "65.1 years" );; line 48116 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth guyana male "61.86 years" );; line 48118 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth guyana female "68.5 years (1995 est.)" );; line 48120 (wfb::source-text total_fertility_rate guyana "2.23 children born/woman (1995 est.)" );; line 48124 (wfb::source-text nationality guyana noun "Guyanese (singular and plural)" );; line 48129 (wfb::source-text nationality guyana adjective "Guyanese" );; line 48131 (wfb::source-text ethnic-entity guyana "East Indian 51%, black and mixed 43%, Amerindian 4%, European and Chinese 2%" );; line 48135 (wfb::source-text religion guyana "Christian 57%, Hindu 33%, Muslim 9%, other 1%" );; line 48140 (wfb::source-text language guyana "English, Amerindian dialects" );; line 48144 (wfb::source-text literacy guyana "age 15 and over has ever attended school (1990 est.)" );; line 48148 (wfb::source-text literacy guyana total_population "96%" );; line 48150 (wfb::source-text literacy guyana male "98%" );; line 48152 (wfb::source-text literacy guyana female "95%" );; line 48154 (wfb::source-text total_labor_force guyana "268,000" );; line 48158 (wfb::source-text labor_force_by_occupation guyana by_occupation "industry and commerce 44.5%, agriculture 33.8%, services 21.7%" );; line 48160 (wfb::source-text names guyana conventional_long_form "Co-operative Republic of Guyana" );; line 48169 (wfb::source-text names guyana conventional_short_form "Guyana" );; line 48171 (wfb::source-text names guyana former "British Guiana" );; line 48173 (wfb::source-text digraph guyana "GY" );; line 48177 (wfb::source-text type guyana "republic" );; line 48181 (wfb::source-text capital guyana "Georgetown" );; line 48185 (wfb::source-text administrative_divisions guyana "10 regions; Barima-Waini, Cuyuni-Mazaruni, Demerara-Mahaica, East Berbice-Corentyne, Essequibo Islands-West Demerara, Mahaica-Berbice, Pomeroon-Supenaam, Potaro-Siparuni, Upper Demerara-Berbice, Upper Takutu-Upper Essequibo" );; line 48189 (wfb::source-text independence guyana "26 May 1966 (from UK)" );; line 48195 (wfb::source-text national_holiday guyana "Republic Day, 23 February (1970)" );; line 48199 (wfb::source-text constitution guyana "6 October 1980" );; line 48203 (wfb::source-text legal_system guyana "based on English common law with certain admixtures of Roman-Dutch law; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction" );; line 48207 (wfb::source-text suffrage guyana "18 years of age; universal" );; line 48212 (wfb::source-text executive_branch guyana chief_of_state "Executive President Cheddi JAGAN (since 5 October 1992); election last held 5 October 1992; results - Cheddi JAGAN was elected president since he was leader of the party with the most votes in the National Assembly elections" );; line 48217 (wfb::source-text executive_branch guyana head_of_government "Prime Minister Sam HINDS (since 5 October 1992)" );; line 48222 (wfb::source-text executive_branch guyana cabinet "Cabinet of Ministers; appointed by the president, responsible to the legislature" );; line 48224 (wfb::source-text legislative_structure guyana "unicameral" );; line 48229 (wfb::source-text legislative_branch guyana national_assembly "elections last held on 5 October 1992 (next to be held in 1997); results - PPP 53.4%, PNC 42.3%, WPA 2%, TUF 1.2%; seats - (65 total, 53 elected) PPP 36, PNC 26, WPA 2, TUF 1" );; line 48231 (wfb::source-text judicial_branch guyana "Supreme Court of Judicature" );; line 48237 (wfb::source-text political_parties_and_leaders guyana "People's Progressive Party (PPP), Cheddi JAGAN; People's National Congress (PNC), Hugh Desmond HOYTE; Good and Green Georgetown (GGG), Hamilton GREEN; Working People's Alliance (WPA), Eusi KWAYANA, Rupert ROOPNARINE; Democratic Labor Movement (DLM), Paul TENNASSEE; People's Democratic Movement (PDM), Llewellyn JOHN; National Democratic Front (NDF), Joseph BACCHUS; The United Force (TUF), Manzoor NADIR; United Republican Party (URP), Leslie RAMSAMMY; National Republican Party (NRP), Robert GANGADEEN; Guyana Labor Party (GLP), Nanda GOPAUL" );; line 48241 (wfb::source-text other_political_or_pressure_groups guyana "Trades Union Congress (TUC); Guyana Council of Indian Organizations (GCIO); Civil Liberties Action Committee (CLAC)" );; line 48252 (wfb::source-text member_of guyana "ACP, C, CARICOM, CCC, CDB, ECLAC, FAO, G-77, GATT, IADB, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT (nonsignatory user), INTERPOL, IOC, ITU, LAES, NAM, OAS, ONUSAL, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WMO" );; line 48260 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us guyana chief_of_mission "Ambassador Dr. Ali Odeen ISHMAEL" );; line 48268 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us guyana chancery "2490 Tracy Place NW, Washington, DC 20008" );; line 48270 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us guyana telephone "[1] (202) 265-6900, 6901" );; line 48272 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us guyana |consulate(s) general| "New York" );; line 48274 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation guyana chief_of_mission "Ambassador George F. JONES" );; line 48279 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation guyana embassy "99-100 Young and Duke Streets, Kingston, Georgetown" );; line 48281 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation guyana mailing_address "P. O. Box 10507, Georgetown" );; line 48283 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation guyana telephone "[592] (2) 54900 through 54909, 57960 through 57969" );; line 48285 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation guyana fax "[592] (2) 58497" );; line 48287 (wfb::source-text flag guyana "green with a red isosceles triangle (based on the hoist side) superimposed on a long yellow arrowhead; there is a narrow black border between the red and yellow, and a narrow white border between the yellow and the green" );; line 48291 (wfb::source-text overview guyana "Guyana, one of the poorest countries in the Western Hemisphere, has pushed ahead strongly in 1992-94, with an 8% average annual economic growth rate, led by gold mining, and rice, sugar, and forestry products for export. Favorable factors include recovery in the key agricultural and mining sectors, a more favorable atmosphere for business initiative, a more realistic exchange rate, a sharp drop in the inflation rate, and the continued support of international organizations. Serious underlying economic problems will continue. Electric power has been in short supply and constitutes a major barrier to future gains in national output. The government will have to persist in efforts to manage its large $2.2 billion external debt, control inflation, and to extend the privatization program." );; line 48298 (wfb::source-text national_product guyana "GDP - purchasing power parity - $1.4 billion (1994 est.)" );; line 48312 (wfb::source-text national_product_real_growth_rate guyana "8.5% (1994 est.)" );; line 48316 (wfb::source-text national_product_per_capita guyana "$1,950 (1994 est.)" );; line 48320 (wfb::source-text |Inflation rate (consumer prices)| guyana "15.5% (1994 est.)" );; line 48324 (wfb::source-text unemployment_rate guyana "12% (1992 est.)" );; line 48328 (wfb::source-text budget guyana revenues "$23.7 million" );; line 48333 (wfb::source-text budget guyana expenditures "$19.6 million, including capital expenditures of $NA (1994 est.)" );; line 48335 (wfb::source-text exports guyana "$475 million (f.o.b., 1994)" );; line 48339 (wfb::source-text exports guyana commodities "sugar, bauxite/alumina, rice, shrimp, molasses" );; line 48341 (wfb::source-text exports guyana partners "UK 33%, US 31%, Canada 9%, France 5%, Japan 3% (1992)" );; line 48343 (wfb::source-text imports guyana "$456 million (c.i.f., 1994 est.)" );; line 48347 (wfb::source-text imports guyana commodities "manufactures, machinery, petroleum, food" );; line 48349 (wfb::source-text imports guyana partners "US 37%, Trinidad and Tobago 13%, UK 11%, Italy 8%, Japan 5% (1992)" );; line 48351 (wfb::source-text external_debt guyana "$2.2 billion (1994 est.)" );; line 48356 (wfb::source-text industrial_production guyana "growth rate 5.6% (1994 est.)" );; line 48360 (wfb::source-text electricity guyana capacity "110,000 kW" );; line 48365 (wfb::source-text electricity guyana production "230 million kWh" );; line 48367 (wfb::source-text electricity guyana consumption_per_capita "286 kWh (1993)" );; line 48369 (wfb::source-text industry guyana "bauxite mining, sugar, rice milling, timber, fishing (shrimp), textiles, gold mining" );; line 48373 (wfb::source-text agriculture guyana "most important sector, accounting for 25% of GDP and about half of exports; sugar and rice are key crops; development potential exists for fishing and forestry; not self-sufficient in food, especially wheat, vegetable oils, and animal products" );; line 48378 (wfb::source-text illicit_drugs guyana "transshipment point for narcotics from South America - primarily Venezuela - to the US and Europe; producer of cannabis" );; line 48385 (wfb::source-text economic_aid guyana recipient "US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-89), $116 million; Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-89), $325 million; Communist countries 1970-89, $242 million" );; line 48391 (wfb::source-text currency guyana "1 Guyanese dollar (G$) = 100 cents" );; line 48397 (wfb::source-text exchange_rates guyana "Guyanese dollars (G$) per US$1 - 142.7 (January 1995), 138.3 (1994), 126.7 (1993), 125.0 (1992), 111.8 (1991), 39.533 (1990)" );; line 48401 (wfb::source-text fiscal_year guyana "calendar year" );; line 48406 (wfb::source-text railroads guyana total "100 km NA-m gauge industrial lines for the transport of minerals, including bauxite" );; line 48412 (wfb::source-text highways guyana total "7,665 km" );; line 48418 (wfb::source-text highways guyana paved "550 km" );; line 48420 (wfb::source-text highways guyana unpaved "gravel 5,000 km; earth 2,115 km" );; line 48422 (wfb::source-text inland_waterways guyana "6,000 km total of navigable waterways; Berbice, Demerara, and Essequibo Rivers are navigable by oceangoing vessels for 150 km, 100 km, and 80 km, respectively" );; line 48426 (wfb::source-text port guyana "Bartica, Georgetown, Linden, New Amsterdam, Parika" );; line 48432 (wfb::source-text merchant_marine guyana total "1 cargo ship (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 1,317 GRT/2,558 DWT" );; line 48437 (wfb::source-text airports guyana total "54" );; line 48442 (wfb::source-text airports guyana |with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m| "3" );; line 48444 (wfb::source-text airports guyana |with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m| "1" );; line 48446 (wfb::source-text airports guyana with_paved_runways_under_914_m "34" );; line 48448 (wfb::source-text airports guyana |with unpaved runways 1,524 to 2,438 m| "2" );; line 48450 (wfb::source-text airports guyana |with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m| "14" );; line 48452 (wfb::source-text telephone_system guyana "over 27,000 telephones; fair system for long distance calling" );; line 48457 (wfb::source-text telephone_system guyana local "NA" );; line 48459 (wfb::source-text telephone_system guyana intercity "microwave radio relay network for trunk lines" );; line 48461 (wfb::source-text telephone_system guyana international "tropospheric scatter link to Trinidad; 1 INTELSAT (Atlantic Ocean) earth station" );; line 48463 (wfb::source-text radio guyana broadcast_stations "AM 4, FM 3, shortwave 1" );; line 48469 (wfb::source-text radio guyana radios "NA" );; line 48471 (wfb::source-text television guyana broadcast_stations "0" );; line 48476 (wfb::source-text television guyana televisions "NA" );; line 48478 (wfb::source-text defense_branch guyana "Guyana Defense Force (GDF; includes Ground Forces, Coast Guard, and Air Corps), Guyana People's Militia (GPM), Guyana National Service (GNS)" );; line 48484 (wfb::source-text manpower_availability guyana "males age 15-49 198,665; males fit for military service 150,573 (1995 est.)" );; line 48490 (wfb::source-text defense_expenditures guyana "$NA, NA% of GDP" );; line 48495 (wfb::source-text location haiti "Caribbean, western one-third of the island of Hispaniola, between the Caribbean Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean, west of the Dominican Republic" );; line 48506 (wfb::source-text map_references haiti "Central America and the Caribbean" );; line 48512 (wfb::source-text area haiti total_area "27,750 sq km" );; line 48517 (wfb::source-text area haiti land_area "27,560 sq km" );; line 48519 (wfb::source-text area haiti comparative_area "slightly larger than Maryland" );; line 48521 (wfb::source-text borders haiti "total 275 km, Dominican Republic 275 km" );; line 48525 (wfb::source-text coastline haiti "1,771 km" );; line 48529 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims haiti contiguous_zone "24 nm" );; line 48534 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims haiti continental_shelf "to depth of exploitation" );; line 48536 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims haiti exclusive_economic_zone "200 nm" );; line 48538 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims haiti territorial_sea "12 nm" );; line 48540 (wfb::source-text international_disputes haiti "claims US-administered Navassa Island" );; line 48544 (wfb::source-text climate haiti "tropical; semiarid where mountains in east cut off trade winds" );; line 48548 (wfb::source-text terrain haiti "mostly rough and mountainous" );; line 48552 (wfb::source-text natural-resource haiti "bauxite" );; line 48556 (wfb::source-text land_use haiti arable_land "20%" );; line 48561 (wfb::source-text land_use haiti permanent_crops "13%" );; line 48563 (wfb::source-text land_use haiti meadows_and_pastures "18%" );; line 48565 (wfb::source-text land_use haiti forest_and_woodland "4%" );; line 48567 (wfb::source-text land_use haiti other "45%" );; line 48569 (wfb::source-text irrigated_land haiti "750 sq km (1989 est.)" );; line 48573 (wfb::source-text environment haiti current_issues "extensive deforestation (much of the remaining forested land is being cleared for agriculture and use as fuel); soil erosion; inadequate supplies of potable water" );; line 48578 (wfb::source-text environment haiti natural_hazards "lies in the middle of the hurricane belt and subject to severe storms from June to October; occasional flooding and earthquakes; periodic droughts" );; line 48582 (wfb::source-text environment haiti international_agreements "party to - Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation; signed, but not ratified - Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Nuclear Test Ban" );; line 48586 (wfb::source-text note haiti "shares island of Hispaniola with Dominican Republic (western one-third is Haiti, eastern two-thirds is the Dominican Republic)" );; line 48592 (wfb::source-text population haiti "6,539,983 (July 1995 est.)" );; line 48599 (wfb::source-text age_structure haiti 0-14_years "46% (female 1,490,939; male 1,535,607)" );; line 48604 (wfb::source-text age_structure haiti 15-64_years "50% (female 1,692,032; male 1,557,568)" );; line 48606 (wfb::source-text age_structure haiti 65_years_and_over "4% (female 133,291; male 130,546) (July 1995 est.)" );; line 48608 (wfb::source-text population_growth_rate haiti "1.5% (1995 est.)" );; line 48612 (wfb::source-text birth_rate haiti "38.64 births/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 48616 (wfb::source-text death_rate haiti "18.65 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 48620 (wfb::source-text net_migration_rate haiti "-4.99 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 48624 (wfb::source-text infant_mortality_rate haiti "107.5 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.)" );; line 48628 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth haiti total_population "44.77 years" );; line 48633 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth haiti male "43.04 years" );; line 48635 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth haiti female "46.59 years (1995 est.)" );; line 48637 (wfb::source-text total_fertility_rate haiti "5.82 children born/woman (1995 est.)" );; line 48641 (wfb::source-text nationality haiti noun "Haitian(s)" );; line 48646 (wfb::source-text nationality haiti adjective "Haitian" );; line 48648 (wfb::source-text ethnic-entity haiti "black 95%, mulatto and European 5%" );; line 48652 (wfb::source-text religion haiti "Roman Catholic 80% (of which an overwhelming majority also practice Voodoo), Protestant 16% (Baptist 10%, Pentecostal 4%, Adventist 1%, other 1%), none 1%, other 3% (1982)" );; line 48656 (wfb::source-text language haiti "French (official) 10%, Creole" );; line 48662 (wfb::source-text literacy haiti "age 15 and over can read and write (1982)" );; line 48666 (wfb::source-text literacy haiti total_population "35%" );; line 48668 (wfb::source-text literacy haiti male "37%" );; line 48670 (wfb::source-text literacy haiti female "32%" );; line 48672 (wfb::source-text total_labor_force haiti "2.3 million" );; line 48676 (wfb::source-text labor_force_by_occupation haiti by_occupation "agriculture 66%, services 25%, industry 9%" );; line 48678 (wfb::source-text names haiti conventional_long_form "Republic of Haiti" );; line 48686 (wfb::source-text names haiti conventional_short_form "Haiti" );; line 48688 (wfb::source-text names haiti local_long_form "Republique d'Haiti" );; line 48690 (wfb::source-text names haiti local_short_form "Haiti" );; line 48692 (wfb::source-text digraph haiti "HA" );; line 48696 (wfb::source-text type haiti "republic" );; line 48700 (wfb::source-text capital haiti "Port-au-Prince" );; line 48704 (wfb::source-text administrative_divisions haiti "9 departments (departements, singular - departement); Artibonite, Centre, Grand'Anse, Nord, Nord-Est, Nord-Ouest, Ouest, Sud, Sud-Est" );; line 48708 (wfb::source-text independence haiti "1 January 1804 (from France)" );; line 48713 (wfb::source-text national_holiday haiti "Independence Day, 1 January (1804)" );; line 48717 (wfb::source-text constitution haiti "approved March 1987, suspended June 1988, most articles reinstated March 1989; October 1991, government claims to be observing the Constitution" );; line 48721 (wfb::source-text legal_system haiti "based on Roman civil law system; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction" );; line 48726 (wfb::source-text suffrage haiti "18 years of age; universal" );; line 48731 (wfb::source-text executive_branch haiti chief_of_state "President Jean-Bertrand ARISTIDE (since 7 February 1991), ousted in a coup in September 1991 but, with US military support, returned to power on 15 October 1994; election last held 16 December 1990 (next to be held by December 1995); results - Rev. Jean-Bertrand ARISTIDE 67.5%, Marc BAZIN 14.2%, Louis DEJOIE 4.9%" );; line 48736 (wfb::source-text executive_branch haiti head_of_government "Prime Minister Smarck MICHEL (since October 1994)" );; line 48742 (wfb::source-text executive_branch haiti cabinet "Cabinet; chosen by prime minister in consultation with the president" );; line 48744 (wfb::source-text legislative_structure haiti "bicameral National Assembly (Assemblee Nationale)" );; line 48749 (wfb::source-text legislative_branch haiti senate "elections last held 18 January 1993, widely condemned as illegitimate (next to be held 25 June 1994); results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (27 total) FNCD 12, MIDH-PANPRA 8, PAIN 2, MRN 1, RDNP 1, PNT 1, independent 2" );; line 48751 (wfb::source-text legislative_branch haiti chamber_of_deputies "elections last held 16 December 1990, with runoff held 20 January 1991 (next to be held 25 June 1995); results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (83 total) FNCD 27, MIDH-PANPRA 17, PDCH 7, PAIN 6, RDNP 6, MDN 5, PNT 3, MKN 2, MODELH 2, MRN 1, independents 5, other 2" );; line 48756 (wfb::source-text judicial_branch haiti "Court of Appeal (Cour de Cassation)" );; line 48763 (wfb::source-text political_parties_and_leaders haiti "National Front for Change and Democracy (FNCD), Evans PAUL, including National Cooperative Action Movement (MKN), Volvick Remy JOSEPH; National Congress of Democratic Movements (CONACOM), Victor BENOIT; Movement for the Installation of Democracy in Haiti (MIDH), Marc BAZIN; National Progressive Revolutionary Party (PANPRA), Serge GILLES; National Patriotic Movement of November 28 (MNP-28), Dejean BELIZAIRE; National Agricultural and Industrial Party (PAIN), Louis DEJOIE; Movement for National Reconstruction (MRN), Rene THEODORE; Haitian Christian Democratic Party (PDCH), Joseph DOUZE; Assembly of Progressive National Democrats (RDNP), Leslie MANIGAT; National Party of Labor (PNT), Thomas DESULME; Mobilization for National Development (MDN), Hubert DE RONCERAY; Democratic Movement for the Liberation of Haiti (MODELH), Francois LATORTUE; Haitian Social Christian Party (PSCH), Gregoire EUGENE; Movement for the Organization of the Country (MOP), Gesner COMEAU and Jean MOLIERE; Democratic Unity Confederation (KID), Evans PAUL; National Lavalas Political Organization (OPL), Gerard PIERRE/CHARLES" );; line 48767 (wfb::source-text other_political_or_pressure_groups haiti "Roman Catholic Church; Confederation of Haitian Workers (CTH); Federation of Workers Trade Unions (FOS); Autonomous Haitian Workers (CATH); National Popular Assembly (APN); Revolutionary Front for Haitian Advancement and Progress (FRAPH)" );; line 48785 (wfb::source-text member_of haiti "ACCT, ACP, CARICOM (observer), CCC, ECLAC, FAO, G-77, GATT, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, ITU, LAES, OAS, OPANAL, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO" );; line 48792 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us haiti chief_of_mission "Ambassador Jean CASIMIR" );; line 48800 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us haiti chancery "2311 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008" );; line 48802 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us haiti telephone "[1] (202) 332-4090 through 4092" );; line 48804 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us haiti fax "[1] (202) 745-7215" );; line 48806 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us haiti |consulate(s) general| "Boston, Chicago, Miami, New York, and San Juan (Puerto Rico)" );; line 48808 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation haiti chief_of_mission "Ambassador William Lacy SWING" );; line 48813 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation haiti embassy "Harry Truman Boulevard, Port-au-Prince" );; line 48815 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation haiti mailing_address "P. O. Box 1761, Port-au-Prince" );; line 48817 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation haiti telephone "[509] 22-0354, 22-0368, 22-0200, 22-0612" );; line 48819 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation haiti fax "[509] 23-1641" );; line 48821 (wfb::source-text flag haiti "two equal horizontal bands of blue (top) and red with a centered white rectangle bearing the coat of arms, which contains a palm tree flanked by flags and two cannons above a scroll bearing the motto L'UNION FAIT LA FORCE (Union Makes Strength)" );; line 48825 (wfb::source-text overview haiti "About 75% of the population live in abject poverty. Agriculture is mainly small-scale subsistence farming and employs two-thirds of the work force. The majority of the population does not have ready access to safe drinking water, adequate medical care, or sufficient food. The lack of employment opportunities remains one of the most critical problems facing the economy, along with soil erosion and political instability. International trade sanctions in response to the September 1991 coup against President ARISTIDE further damaged the economy. The restoration of President ARISTIDE, the lifting of sanctions in late 1994, and foreign aid will alleviate some economic problems. Haiti will continue to depend heavily on foreign aid." );; line 48833 (wfb::source-text national_product haiti "GDP - purchasing power parity - $5.6 billion (1994 est.)" );; line 48846 (wfb::source-text national_product_real_growth_rate haiti "-15% (1994 est.)" );; line 48850 (wfb::source-text national_product_per_capita haiti "$870 (1994 est.)" );; line 48854 (wfb::source-text |Inflation rate (consumer prices)| haiti "52% (FY93/94 est.)" );; line 48858 (wfb::source-text unemployment_rate haiti "50% (1994 est.)" );; line 48862 (wfb::source-text budget haiti revenues "$56 million" );; line 48867 (wfb::source-text budget haiti expenditures "$131 million, including capital expenditures of $6 million (1994 est.)" );; line 48869 (wfb::source-text exports haiti "$173.3 million (f.o.b., 1993 est.)" );; line 48874 (wfb::source-text exports haiti commodities "light manufactures 65%, coffee 19%, other agriculture 8%, other 8%" );; line 48876 (wfb::source-text exports haiti partners "US 81%, Europe 12% (1993)" );; line 48879 (wfb::source-text imports haiti "$476.8 million (f.o.b., 1993 est.)" );; line 48883 (wfb::source-text imports haiti commodities "machines and manufactures 34%, food and beverages 22%, petroleum products 14%, chemicals 10%, fats and oils 9%" );; line 48885 (wfb::source-text imports haiti partners "US 51%, Europe 16%, Latin America 18% (1993)" );; line 48888 (wfb::source-text external_debt haiti "$871 million (September 1994)" );; line 48892 (wfb::source-text industrial_production haiti "growth rate -2% (1991 est.); accounts for 15% of GDP" );; line 48896 (wfb::source-text electricity haiti capacity "150,000 kW" );; line 48901 (wfb::source-text electricity haiti production "590 million kWh" );; line 48903 (wfb::source-text electricity haiti consumption_per_capita "86 kWh (1993)" );; line 48905 (wfb::source-text industry haiti "sugar refining, textiles, flour milling, cement manufacturing, tourism, light assembly industries based on imported parts" );; line 48909 (wfb::source-text agriculture haiti "accounts for 28% of GDP and employs two-thirds of work force; mostly small-scale subsistence farms; commercial crops - coffee, mangoes, sugarcane, wood; staple crops - rice, corn, sorghum; shortage of wheat flour" );; line 48914 (wfb::source-text illicit_drugs haiti "transshipment point for cocaine and marijuana en route to the US and Europe" );; line 48920 (wfb::source-text economic_aid haiti recipient "US commitments, including Ex-Im (1970-89), $700 million; Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-89), $770 million" );; line 48926 (wfb::source-text currency haiti "1 gourde (G) = 100 centimes" );; line 48931 (wfb::source-text exchange_rates haiti "gourdes (G) per US$1 - 14.10 (1 December 1994), 12.00 (1 July 1993), 8.4 (December 1991), fixed rate of 5.000 through second quarter of 1991" );; line 48935 (wfb::source-text fiscal_year haiti "1 October - 30 September" );; line 48941 (wfb::source-text railroads haiti total "40 km (single track; privately owned industrial line)" );; line 48947 (wfb::source-text railroads haiti narrow_gauge "40 km 0.760-m gauge" );; line 48949 (wfb::source-text highways haiti total "4,000 km" );; line 48954 (wfb::source-text highways haiti paved "950 km" );; line 48956 (wfb::source-text highways haiti unpaved "otherwise improved 900 km; unimproved earth 2,150 km" );; line 48958 (wfb::source-text inland_waterways haiti "negligible; less than 100 km navigable" );; line 48962 (wfb::source-text port haiti "Cap-Haitien, Gonaives, Jacmel, Jeremie, Cayes, Miragoane, Port-au-Prince, Port-de-Paix, Saint-Marc" );; line 48966 (wfb::source-text merchant_marine haiti "none" );; line 48971 (wfb::source-text airports haiti total "14" );; line 48976 (wfb::source-text airports haiti |with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m| "2" );; line 48978 (wfb::source-text airports haiti |with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m| "1" );; line 48980 (wfb::source-text airports haiti with_paved_runways_under_914_m "6" );; line 48982 (wfb::source-text airports haiti |with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m| "5" );; line 48984 (wfb::source-text telephone_system haiti "36,000 telephones; domestic facilities barely adequate, international facilities slightly better" );; line 48989 (wfb::source-text telephone_system haiti local "NA" );; line 48992 (wfb::source-text telephone_system haiti intercity "NA" );; line 48994 (wfb::source-text telephone_system haiti international "1 INTELSAT (Atlantic Ocean) earth station" );; line 48996 (wfb::source-text radio haiti broadcast_stations "AM 33, FM 0, shortwave 2" );; line 49001 (wfb::source-text radio haiti radios "NA" );; line 49003 (wfb::source-text television haiti broadcast_stations "4" );; line 49008 (wfb::source-text television haiti televisions "NA" );; line 49010 (wfb::source-text defense_branch haiti "Army, Navy, Air Force, Police" );; line 49016 (wfb::source-text manpower_availability haiti "males age 15-49 1,323,034; males fit for military service 716,233; males reach military age (18) annually 64,371 (1995 est.)" );; line 49023 (wfb::source-text defense_expenditures haiti "exchange rate conversion - $34 million, 1.5% of GDP (1988 est.)" );; line 49028 (wfb::source-text location heard_island_and_mcdonald_islands "Southern Africa, islands in the Indian Ocean, about two-thirds of the way from Madagascar to Antarctica" );; line 49038 (wfb::source-text map_references heard_island_and_mcdonald_islands "Antarctic Region" );; line 49043 (wfb::source-text area heard_island_and_mcdonald_islands total_area "412 sq km" );; line 49048 (wfb::source-text area heard_island_and_mcdonald_islands land_area "412 sq km" );; line 49050 (wfb::source-text area heard_island_and_mcdonald_islands comparative_area "slightly less than 2.5 times the size of Washington, DC" );; line 49052 (wfb::source-text borders heard_island_and_mcdonald_islands "0 km" );; line 49056 (wfb::source-text coastline heard_island_and_mcdonald_islands "101.9 km" );; line 49060 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims heard_island_and_mcdonald_islands exclusive_fishing_zone "200 nm" );; line 49065 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims heard_island_and_mcdonald_islands territorial_sea "3 nm" );; line 49067 (wfb::source-text international_disputes heard_island_and_mcdonald_islands "none" );; line 49071 (wfb::source-text climate heard_island_and_mcdonald_islands "antarctic" );; line 49075 (wfb::source-text terrain heard_island_and_mcdonald_islands "Heard Island - bleak and mountainous, with a quiescent volcano; McDonald Islands - small and rocky" );; line 49079 (wfb::source-text natural-resource heard_island_and_mcdonald_islands "none" );; line 49084 (wfb::source-text land_use heard_island_and_mcdonald_islands arable_land "0%" );; line 49089 (wfb::source-text land_use heard_island_and_mcdonald_islands permanent_crops "0%" );; line 49091 (wfb::source-text land_use heard_island_and_mcdonald_islands meadows_and_pastures "0%" );; line 49093 (wfb::source-text land_use heard_island_and_mcdonald_islands forest_and_woodland "0%" );; line 49095 (wfb::source-text land_use heard_island_and_mcdonald_islands other "100%" );; line 49097 (wfb::source-text irrigated_land heard_island_and_mcdonald_islands "0 sq km" );; line 49101 (wfb::source-text environment heard_island_and_mcdonald_islands current_issues "NA" );; line 49106 (wfb::source-text environment heard_island_and_mcdonald_islands natural_hazards "Heard Island is dominated by a dormant volcano called Big Ben" );; line 49108 (wfb::source-text environment heard_island_and_mcdonald_islands international_agreements "NA" );; line 49110 (wfb::source-text note heard_island_and_mcdonald_islands "primarily used for research stations" );; line 49114 (wfb::source-text population heard_island_and_mcdonald_islands "uninhabited" );; line 49120 (wfb::source-text names heard_island_and_mcdonald_islands conventional_long_form "Territory of Heard Island and McDonald Islands" );; line 49126 (wfb::source-text names heard_island_and_mcdonald_islands conventional_short_form "Heard Island and McDonald Islands" );; line 49128 (wfb::source-text digraph heard_island_and_mcdonald_islands "HM" );; line 49132 (wfb::source-text type heard_island_and_mcdonald_islands "territory of Australia administered by the Ministry for Environment, Sport, and Territories" );; line 49136 (wfb::source-text capital heard_island_and_mcdonald_islands "none; administered from Canberra, Australia" );; line 49141 (wfb::source-text independence heard_island_and_mcdonald_islands "none (territory of Australia)" );; line 49145 (wfb::source-text overview heard_island_and_mcdonald_islands "no economic activity" );; line 49150 (wfb::source-text port heard_island_and_mcdonald_islands "none; offshore anchorage only" );; line 49155 (wfb::source-text note heard_island_and_mcdonald_islands "defense is the responsibility of Australia" );; line 49165 (wfb::source-text location |Holy See (Vatican City)| "Southern Europe, an enclave of Rome (Italy)" );; line 49175 (wfb::source-text map_references |Holy See (Vatican City)| "Europe" );; line 49179 (wfb::source-text area |Holy See (Vatican City)| total_area "0.44 sq km" );; line 49184 (wfb::source-text area |Holy See (Vatican City)| land_area "0.44 sq km" );; line 49186 (wfb::source-text area |Holy See (Vatican City)| comparative_area "about 0.7 times the size of The Mall in Washington, DC" );; line 49188 (wfb::source-text borders |Holy See (Vatican City)| "total 3.2 km, Italy 3.2 km" );; line 49192 (wfb::source-text coastline |Holy See (Vatican City)| "0 km (landlocked)" );; line 49196 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims |Holy See (Vatican City)| "none; landlocked" );; line 49200 (wfb::source-text international_disputes |Holy See (Vatican City)| "none" );; line 49204 (wfb::source-text climate |Holy See (Vatican City)| "temperate; mild, rainy winters (September to mid-May) with hot, dry summers (May to September)" );; line 49208 (wfb::source-text terrain |Holy See (Vatican City)| "low hill" );; line 49213 (wfb::source-text natural-resource |Holy See (Vatican City)| "none" );; line 49217 (wfb::source-text land_use |Holy See (Vatican City)| arable_land "0%" );; line 49222 (wfb::source-text land_use |Holy See (Vatican City)| permanent_crops "0%" );; line 49224 (wfb::source-text land_use |Holy See (Vatican City)| meadows_and_pastures "0%" );; line 49226 (wfb::source-text land_use |Holy See (Vatican City)| forest_and_woodland "0%" );; line 49228 (wfb::source-text land_use |Holy See (Vatican City)| other "100%" );; line 49230 (wfb::source-text irrigated_land |Holy See (Vatican City)| "0 sq km" );; line 49234 (wfb::source-text environment |Holy See (Vatican City)| current_issues "NA" );; line 49239 (wfb::source-text environment |Holy See (Vatican City)| natural_hazards "NA" );; line 49241 (wfb::source-text environment |Holy See (Vatican City)| international_agreements "signed, but not ratified - Air Pollution, Environmental Modification" );; line 49243 (wfb::source-text note |Holy See (Vatican City)| "urban; landlocked; enclave of Rome, Italy; world's smallest state; outside the Vatican City, 13 buildings in Rome and Castel Gandolfo (the pope's summer residence) enjoy extraterritorial rights" );; line 49248 (wfb::source-text population |Holy See (Vatican City)| "830 (July 1995 est.)" );; line 49256 (wfb::source-text population_growth_rate |Holy See (Vatican City)| "1.15% (1995 est.)" );; line 49260 (wfb::source-text birth_rate |Holy See (Vatican City)| "NA" );; line 49264 (wfb::source-text death_rate |Holy See (Vatican City)| "NA" );; line 49268 (wfb::source-text net_migration_rate |Holy See (Vatican City)| "NA" );; line 49272 (wfb::source-text infant_mortality_rate |Holy See (Vatican City)| "NA" );; line 49276 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth |Holy See (Vatican City)| "NA" );; line 49280 (wfb::source-text total_fertility_rate |Holy See (Vatican City)| "NA" );; line 49284 (wfb::source-text nationality |Holy See (Vatican City)| noun "none" );; line 49289 (wfb::source-text nationality |Holy See (Vatican City)| adjective "none" );; line 49291 (wfb::source-text ethnic-entity |Holy See (Vatican City)| "Italians, Swiss" );; line 49295 (wfb::source-text religion |Holy See (Vatican City)| "Roman Catholic" );; line 49299 (wfb::source-text language |Holy See (Vatican City)| "Italian, Latin, various other languages" );; line 49303 (wfb::source-text total_labor_force |Holy See (Vatican City)| "NA" );; line 49307 (wfb::source-text labor_force_by_occupation |Holy See (Vatican City)| by_occupation "dignitaries, priests, nuns, guards, and 3,000 lay workers who live outside the Vatican" );; line 49309 (wfb::source-text names |Holy See (Vatican City)| conventional_long_form "The Holy See (State of the Vatican City)" );; line 49316 (wfb::source-text names |Holy See (Vatican City)| conventional_short_form "Holy See (Vatican City)" );; line 49318 (wfb::source-text names |Holy See (Vatican City)| local_long_form "Santa Sede (Stato della Citta del Vaticano)" );; line 49320 (wfb::source-text names |Holy See (Vatican City)| local_short_form "Santa Sede (Citta del Vaticano)" );; line 49322 (wfb::source-text digraph |Holy See (Vatican City)| "VT" );; line 49326 (wfb::source-text type |Holy See (Vatican City)| "monarchical-sacerdotal state" );; line 49330 (wfb::source-text capital |Holy See (Vatican City)| "Vatican City" );; line 49334 (wfb::source-text independence |Holy See (Vatican City)| "11 February 1929 (from Italy)" );; line 49338 (wfb::source-text national_holiday |Holy See (Vatican City)| "Installation Day of the Pope, 22 October (1978) (John Paul II)" );; line 49342 (wfb::source-text constitution |Holy See (Vatican City)| "Apostolic Constitution of 1967 (effective 1 March 1968)" );; line 49348 (wfb::source-text legal_system |Holy See (Vatican City)| "NA" );; line 49352 (wfb::source-text suffrage |Holy See (Vatican City)| "limited to cardinals less than 80 years old" );; line 49356 (wfb::source-text executive_branch |Holy See (Vatican City)| chief_of_state "Pope JOHN PAUL II (Karol WOJTYLA; since 16 October 1978); election last held 16 October 1978 (next to be held after the death of the current pope); results - Karol WOJTYLA was elected for life by the College of Cardinals" );; line 49361 (wfb::source-text executive_branch |Holy See (Vatican City)| head_of_government "Secretary of State Archbishop Angelo Cardinal SODANO (since NA 1991)" );; line 49366 (wfb::source-text executive_branch |Holy See (Vatican City)| cabinet "Pontifical Commission; appointed by Pope" );; line 49369 (wfb::source-text legislative_structure |Holy See (Vatican City)| "unicameral Pontifical Commission" );; line 49373 (wfb::source-text judicial_branch |Holy See (Vatican City)| "none; normally handled by Italy" );; line 49377 (wfb::source-text political_parties_and_leaders |Holy See (Vatican City)| "none" );; line 49381 (wfb::source-text other_political_or_pressure_groups |Holy See (Vatican City)| "none (exclusive of influence exercised by church officers)" );; line 49385 (wfb::source-text member_of |Holy See (Vatican City)| "IAEA, ICFTU, INTELSAT, IOM (observer), ITU, OAS (observer), OSCE, UN (observer), UNCTAD, UNHCR, UPU, WIPO, WTO (observer)" );; line 49389 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us |Holy See (Vatican City)| chief_of_mission "Apostolic Pro-Nuncio Archbishop Agostino CACCIAVILLAN" );; line 49395 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us |Holy See (Vatican City)| chancery "3339 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008" );; line 49397 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us |Holy See (Vatican City)| telephone "[1] (202) 333-7121" );; line 49399 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation |Holy See (Vatican City)| chief_of_mission "Ambassador Raymond L. FLYNN" );; line 49404 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation |Holy See (Vatican City)| embassy "Via Delle Terme Deciane 26, Rome 00153" );; line 49406 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation |Holy See (Vatican City)| mailing_address "PSC 59, APO AE 09624" );; line 49408 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation |Holy See (Vatican City)| telephone "[39] (6) 46741" );; line 49410 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation |Holy See (Vatican City)| fax "[39] (6) 6380159" );; line 49412 (wfb::source-text flag |Holy See (Vatican City)| "two vertical bands of yellow (hoist side) and white with the crossed keys of Saint Peter and the papal miter centered in the white band" );; line 49416 (wfb::source-text overview |Holy See (Vatican City)| "This unique, noncommercial economy is supported financially by contributions (known as Peter's Pence) from Roman Catholics throughout the world, the sale of postage stamps and tourist mementos, fees for admission to museums, and the sale of publications. The incomes and living standards of lay workers are comparable to, or somewhat better than, those of counterparts who work in the city of Rome." );; line 49422 (wfb::source-text budget |Holy See (Vatican City)| revenues "$169 million" );; line 49432 (wfb::source-text budget |Holy See (Vatican City)| expenditures "$167.5 million, including capital expenditures of $NA (1993)" );; line 49434 (wfb::source-text electricity |Holy See (Vatican City)| capacity "5,000 kW standby" );; line 49439 (wfb::source-text electricity |Holy See (Vatican City)| production "power supplied by Italy" );; line 49441 (wfb::source-text electricity |Holy See (Vatican City)| consumption_per_capita "NA kWh (1992)" );; line 49443 (wfb::source-text industry |Holy See (Vatican City)| "printing and production of a small amount of mosaics and staff uniforms; worldwide banking and financial activities" );; line 49447 (wfb::source-text currency |Holy See (Vatican City)| "1 Vatican lira (VLit) = 100 centesimi" );; line 49452 (wfb::source-text exchange_rates |Holy See (Vatican City)| "Vatican lire (VLit) per US$1 - 1,609.5 (January 1995), 1,612.4 (1994), 1,573.7 (1993), 1,232.4 (1992), 1,240.6 (1991), 1,198.1 (1990); note - the Vatican lira is at par with the Italian lira which circulates freely" );; line 49456 (wfb::source-text fiscal_year |Holy See (Vatican City)| "calendar year" );; line 49462 (wfb::source-text railroads |Holy See (Vatican City)| total "862 meters; note - connects to Italy's network at Rome's Saint Peter's station" );; line 49468 (wfb::source-text railroads |Holy See (Vatican City)| narrow_gauge "862 meters 1.435-m gauge" );; line 49471 (wfb::source-text highways |Holy See (Vatican City)| "none; all city streets" );; line 49475 (wfb::source-text port |Holy See (Vatican City)| "none" );; line 49479 (wfb::source-text airports |Holy See (Vatican City)| "none" );; line 49483 (wfb::source-text telephone_system |Holy See (Vatican City)| "2,000 telephones; automatic exchange" );; line 49488 (wfb::source-text telephone_system |Holy See (Vatican City)| local "NA" );; line 49490 (wfb::source-text telephone_system |Holy See (Vatican City)| intercity "tied into Italian system" );; line 49492 (wfb::source-text telephone_system |Holy See (Vatican City)| international "uses Italian system" );; line 49494 (wfb::source-text radio |Holy See (Vatican City)| broadcast_stations "AM 3, FM 4, shortwave 0" );; line 49499 (wfb::source-text radio |Holy See (Vatican City)| radios "NA" );; line 49501 (wfb::source-text television |Holy See (Vatican City)| broadcast_stations "0" );; line 49506 (wfb::source-text television |Holy See (Vatican City)| televisions "NA" );; line 49508 (wfb::source-text note |Holy See (Vatican City)| "defense is the responsibility of Italy; Swiss Papal Guards are posted at entrances to the Vatican City" );; line 49514 (wfb::source-text location honduras "Middle America, bordering the Caribbean Sea, between Guatemala and Nicaragua and bordering the North Pacific Ocean, between El Salvador and Nicaragua" );; line 49525 (wfb::source-text map_references honduras "Central America and the Caribbean" );; line 49531 (wfb::source-text area honduras total_area "112,090 sq km" );; line 49536 (wfb::source-text area honduras land_area "111,890 sq km" );; line 49538 (wfb::source-text area honduras comparative_area "slightly larger than Tennessee" );; line 49540 (wfb::source-text borders honduras "total 1,520 km, Guatemala 256 km, El Salvador 342 km, Nicaragua 922 km" );; line 49544 (wfb::source-text coastline honduras "820 km" );; line 49549 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims honduras contiguous_zone "24 nm" );; line 49554 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims honduras continental_shelf "natural extension of territory or to 200 nm" );; line 49556 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims honduras exclusive_economic_zone "200 nm" );; line 49558 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims honduras territorial_sea "12 nm" );; line 49560 (wfb::source-text international_disputes honduras "land boundary dispute with El Salvador mostly resolved by 11 September 1992 International Court of Justice (ICJ) decision; with respect to the maritime boundary in the Golfo de Fonseca, ICJ referred to an earlier agreement in this century and advised that some tripartite resolution among El Salvador, Honduras and Nicaragua likely would be required" );; line 49564 (wfb::source-text climate honduras "subtropical in lowlands, temperate in mountains" );; line 49572 (wfb::source-text terrain honduras "mostly mountains in interior, narrow coastal plains" );; line 49576 (wfb::source-text natural-resource honduras "timber, gold, silver, copper, lead, zinc, iron ore, antimony, coal, fish" );; line 49580 (wfb::source-text land_use honduras arable_land "14%" );; line 49586 (wfb::source-text land_use honduras permanent_crops "2%" );; line 49588 (wfb::source-text land_use honduras meadows_and_pastures "30%" );; line 49590 (wfb::source-text land_use honduras forest_and_woodland "34%" );; line 49592 (wfb::source-text land_use honduras other "20%" );; line 49594 (wfb::source-text irrigated_land honduras "900 sq km (1989 est.)" );; line 49598 (wfb::source-text environment honduras current_issues "urban population expanding; deforestation results from logging and the clearing of land for agricultural purposes; further land degradation and soil erosion hastened by uncontrolled development and improper land use practices such as farming of marginal lands; mining activities polluting Lago de Yojoa (the country's largest source of freshwater) with heavy metals as well as several rivers and streams" );; line 49603 (wfb::source-text environment honduras natural_hazards "frequent, but generally mild, earthquakes; damaging hurricanes and floods along Caribbean coast" );; line 49610 (wfb::source-text environment honduras international_agreements "party to - Endangered Species, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Tropical Timber 83, Wetlands; signed, but not ratified - Biodiversity, Climate Change" );; line 49613 (wfb::source-text population honduras "5,459,743 (July 1995 est.)" );; line 49621 (wfb::source-text age_structure honduras 0-14_years "43% (female 1,159,846; male 1,201,927)" );; line 49626 (wfb::source-text age_structure honduras 15-64_years "53% (female 1,468,950; male 1,444,959)" );; line 49628 (wfb::source-text age_structure honduras 65_years_and_over "4% (female 95,361; male 88,700) (July 1995 est.)" );; line 49630 (wfb::source-text population_growth_rate honduras "2.66% (1995 est.)" );; line 49634 (wfb::source-text birth_rate honduras "34.12 births/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 49638 (wfb::source-text death_rate honduras "6 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 49642 (wfb::source-text net_migration_rate honduras "-1.56 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 49646 (wfb::source-text infant_mortality_rate honduras "43.4 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.)" );; line 49650 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth honduras total_population "68.04 years" );; line 49655 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth honduras male "65.64 years" );; line 49657 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth honduras female "70.55 years (1995 est.)" );; line 49659 (wfb::source-text total_fertility_rate honduras "4.55 children born/woman (1995 est.)" );; line 49663 (wfb::source-text nationality honduras noun "Honduran(s)" );; line 49668 (wfb::source-text nationality honduras adjective "Honduran" );; line 49670 (wfb::source-text ethnic-entity honduras "mestizo (mixed Indian and European) 90%, Indian 7%, black 2%, white 1%" );; line 49674 (wfb::source-text religion honduras "Roman Catholic 97%, Protestant minority" );; line 49679 (wfb::source-text language honduras "Spanish, Indian dialects" );; line 49683 (wfb::source-text literacy honduras "age 15 and over can read and write (1990 est.)" );; line 49687 (wfb::source-text literacy honduras total_population "73%" );; line 49689 (wfb::source-text literacy honduras male "76%" );; line 49691 (wfb::source-text literacy honduras female "71%" );; line 49693 (wfb::source-text total_labor_force honduras "1.3 million" );; line 49697 (wfb::source-text labor_force_by_occupation honduras by_occupation "agriculture 62%, services 20%, manufacturing 9%, construction 3%, other 6% (1985)" );; line 49699 (wfb::source-text names honduras conventional_long_form "Republic of Honduras" );; line 49706 (wfb::source-text names honduras conventional_short_form "Honduras" );; line 49708 (wfb::source-text names honduras local_long_form "Republica de Honduras" );; line 49710 (wfb::source-text names honduras local_short_form "Honduras" );; line 49712 (wfb::source-text digraph honduras "HO" );; line 49716 (wfb::source-text type honduras "republic" );; line 49720 (wfb::source-text capital honduras "Tegucigalpa" );; line 49724 (wfb::source-text administrative_divisions honduras "18 departments (departamentos, singular - departamento); Atlantida, Choluteca, Colon, Comayagua, Copan, Cortes, El Paraiso, Francisco Morazan, Gracias a Dios, Intibuca, Islas de la Bahia, La Paz, Lempira, Ocotepeque, Olancho, Santa Barbara, Valle, Yoro" );; line 49728 (wfb::source-text independence honduras "15 September 1821 (from Spain)" );; line 49735 (wfb::source-text national_holiday honduras "Independence Day, 15 September (1821)" );; line 49739 (wfb::source-text constitution honduras "11 January 1982, effective 20 January 1982" );; line 49743 (wfb::source-text legal_system honduras "rooted in Roman and Spanish civil law; some influence of English common law; accepts ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations" );; line 49747 (wfb::source-text suffrage honduras "18 years of age; universal and compulsory" );; line 49752 (wfb::source-text executive_branch honduras chief_of_state_and_head_of_government "President Carlos Roberto REINA Idiaquez (since 27 January 1994); election last held 28 November 1993 (next to be held November 1997); results - Carlos Roberto REINA Idiaquez (PLH) 53%, Oswaldo RAMOS Soto (PNH) 41%, other 6%" );; line 49757 (wfb::source-text executive_branch honduras cabinet "Cabinet" );; line 49762 (wfb::source-text legislative_structure honduras "unicameral" );; line 49766 (wfb::source-text legislative_branch honduras |National Congress (Congreso Nacional)| "elections last held on 27 November 1993 (next to be held November 1997); results - PNH 53%, PLH 41%, PDCH 1.0%, PINU-SD 2.5%, other 2.5%; seats - (134 total) PNH 55, PLH 77, PINU-SD 2" );; line 49768 (wfb::source-text judicial_branch honduras "Supreme Court of Justice (Corte Suprema de Justica)" );; line 49774 (wfb::source-text political_parties_and_leaders honduras "Liberal Party (PLH), Rafael PINEDA Ponce, president; National Party of Honduras (PNH), Oswaldo RAMOS Soto, president; National Innovation and Unity Party (PINU), Olban VALLADARES, president; Christian Democratic Party (PDCH), Efrain DIAZ Arrivillaga, president" );; line 49778 (wfb::source-text other_political_or_pressure_groups honduras "National Association of Honduran Campesinos (ANACH); Honduran Council of Private Enterprise (COHEP); Confederation of Honduran Workers (CTH); National Union of Campesinos (UNC); General Workers Confederation (CGT); United Federation of Honduran Workers (FUTH); Committee for the Defense of Human Rights in Honduras (CODEH); Coordinating Committee of Popular Organizations (CCOP)" );; line 49785 (wfb::source-text member_of honduras "BCIE, CACM, ECLAC, FAO, G-77, GATT, IADB, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, IOM, ITU, LAES, LAIA (observer), MINURSO, NAM, OAS, OPANAL, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO" );; line 49794 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us honduras chief_of_mission "Ambassador Roberto FLORES Bermudez" );; line 49802 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us honduras chancery "3007 Tilden Street NW, Washington, DC 20008" );; line 49804 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us honduras telephone "[1] (202) 966-7702, 2604, 5008, 4596" );; line 49806 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us honduras fax "[1] (202) 966-9751" );; line 49808 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us honduras |consulate(s) general| "Chicago, Houston, Los Angeles, Miami, New Orleans, New York, San Francisco, and San Juan (Puerto Rico)" );; line 49810 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us honduras |consulate(s)| "Boston, Detroit, and Jacksonville" );; line 49813 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation honduras chief_of_mission "Ambassador William T. PRYCE" );; line 49818 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation honduras embassy "Avenida La Paz, Apartado Postal No 3453, Tegucigalpa" );; line 49820 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation honduras mailing_address "American Embassy, APO AA 34022, Tegucigalpa" );; line 49822 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation honduras telephone "[504] 36-9320, 38-5114" );; line 49824 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation honduras fax "[504] 36-9037" );; line 49826 (wfb::source-text flag honduras "three equal horizontal bands of blue (top), white, and blue with five blue five-pointed stars arranged in an X pattern centered in the white band; the stars represent the members of the former Federal Republic of Central America - Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, and Nicaragua; similar to the flag of El Salvador, which features a round emblem encircled by the words REPUBLICA DE EL SALVADOR EN LA AMERICA CENTRAL centered in the white band; also similar to the flag of Nicaragua, which features a triangle encircled by the word REPUBLICA DE NICARAGUA on top and AMERICA CENTRAL on the bottom, centered in the white band" );; line 49830 (wfb::source-text overview honduras "Honduras is one of the poorest countries in the Western Hemisphere. Agriculture, the most important sector of the economy, accounts for 28% of GDP, employs 62% of the labor force, and produces two-thirds of exports. Productivity remains low. Manufacturing, still in its early stages, employs 9% of the labor force, accounts for 15% of GDP, and generates 20% of exports. The service sectors, including public administration, account for 50% of GDP and employ 20% of the labor force. Many basic problems face the economy, including rapid population growth, high unemployment, inflation, a lack of basic services, a large and inefficient public sector, and the dependence of the export sector mostly on coffee and bananas, which are subject to sharp price fluctuations. A far-reaching reform program, initiated by former President CALLEJAS in 1990 and scaled back by President REINA, is beginning to take hold." );; line 49843 (wfb::source-text national_product honduras "GDP - purchasing power parity - $9.7 billion (1994 est.)" );; line 49859 (wfb::source-text national_product_real_growth_rate honduras "-1.9% (1994 est.)" );; line 49863 (wfb::source-text national_product_per_capita honduras "$1,820 (1994 est.)" );; line 49867 (wfb::source-text |Inflation rate (consumer prices)| honduras "30% (1994 est.)" );; line 49871 (wfb::source-text unemployment_rate honduras "10%; underemployed 30%-40% (1992)" );; line 49875 (wfb::source-text budget honduras revenues "$527 million" );; line 49880 (wfb::source-text budget honduras expenditures "$668 million, including capital expenditures of $166 million (1993 est.)" );; line 49882 (wfb::source-text exports honduras "$850 million (f.o.b., 1993 est)" );; line 49887 (wfb::source-text exports honduras commodities "bananas, coffee, shrimp, lobster, minerals, meat, lumber" );; line 49889 (wfb::source-text exports honduras partners "US 53%, Germany 11%, Belgium 8%, UK 5%" );; line 49891 (wfb::source-text imports honduras "$990 million (c.i.f. 1994 est)" );; line 49895 (wfb::source-text imports honduras commodities "machinery and transport equipment, chemical products, manufactured goods, fuel and oil, foodstuffs" );; line 49897 (wfb::source-text imports honduras partners "US 50%, Mexico 8%, Guatemala 6%" );; line 49900 (wfb::source-text external_debt honduras "$4 billion (1994 est.)" );; line 49904 (wfb::source-text industrial_production honduras "growth rate 10% (1992 est.); accounts for 22% of GDP" );; line 49908 (wfb::source-text electricity honduras capacity "290,000 kW" );; line 49913 (wfb::source-text electricity honduras production "2.3 billion kWh" );; line 49915 (wfb::source-text electricity honduras consumption_per_capita "445 kWh (1993)" );; line 49917 (wfb::source-text industry honduras "agricultural processing (sugar and coffee), textiles, clothing, wood products" );; line 49921 (wfb::source-text agriculture honduras "most important sector, accounting for 28% of GDP, more than 60% of the labor force, and two-thirds of exports; principal products include bananas, coffee, timber, beef, citrus fruit, shrimp; importer of wheat" );; line 49926 (wfb::source-text illicit_drugs honduras "transshipment point for narcotics; illicit producer of cannabis, cultivated on small plots and used principally for local consumption" );; line 49932 (wfb::source-text economic_aid honduras recipient "US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-89), $1.4 billion; Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-89), $1.1 billion" );; line 49938 (wfb::source-text currency honduras "1 lempira (L) = 100 centavos" );; line 49943 (wfb::source-text exchange_rates honduras "lempiras (L) per US$1 - 9.1283 (October 1994), 7.2600 (1993), 5.8300 (1992), 5.4000 (1991); 2.0000 (fixed rate until 1991) 5.70 parallel black-market rate (November 1990); the lempira was allowed to float in 1992" );; line 49947 (wfb::source-text fiscal_year honduras "calendar year" );; line 49953 (wfb::source-text railroads honduras total "785 km" );; line 49959 (wfb::source-text railroads honduras narrow_gauge "508 km 1.067-m gauge; 277 km 0.914-m gauge" );; line 49961 (wfb::source-text highways honduras total "8,950 km" );; line 49966 (wfb::source-text highways honduras paved "1,700 km" );; line 49968 (wfb::source-text highways honduras unpaved "otherwise improved 5,000 km; unimproved earth 2,250 km" );; line 49970 (wfb::source-text inland_waterways honduras "465 km navigable by small craft" );; line 49974 (wfb::source-text port honduras "La Ceiba, Puerto Castilla, Puerto Cortes, San Lorenzo, Tela, Puerto Lempira" );; line 49978 (wfb::source-text merchant_marine honduras total "271 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 802,990 GRT/1,210,553 DWT" );; line 49984 (wfb::source-text merchant_marine honduras ships_by_type "bulk 31, cargo 171, chemical tanker 1, combination bulk 1, container 6, liquefied gas tanker 2, livestock carrier 3, oil tanker 21, passenger 2, passenger-cargo 3, refrigerated cargo 19, roll-on/roll-off cargo 7, short-sea passenger 2, specialized tanker 1, vehicle carrier 1" );; line 49986 (wfb::source-text airports honduras total "159" );; line 49997 (wfb::source-text airports honduras |with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m| "3" );; line 49999 (wfb::source-text airports honduras |with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m| "2" );; line 50001 (wfb::source-text airports honduras |with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m| "4" );; line 50003 (wfb::source-text airports honduras with_paved_runways_under_914_m "118" );; line 50005 (wfb::source-text airports honduras |with unpaved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m| "1" );; line 50007 (wfb::source-text airports honduras |with unpaved runways 1,524 to 2,438 m| "4" );; line 50009 (wfb::source-text airports honduras |with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m| "27" );; line 50011 (wfb::source-text telephone_system honduras "NA telephones; 7 telephones/1,000 persons; inadequate system" );; line 50016 (wfb::source-text telephone_system honduras local "NA" );; line 50018 (wfb::source-text telephone_system honduras intercity "NA" );; line 50020 (wfb::source-text telephone_system honduras international "2 INTELSAT (Atlantic Ocean) earth stations and the Central American microwave radio relay system" );; line 50022 (wfb::source-text radio honduras broadcast_stations "AM 176, FM 0, shortwave 7" );; line 50028 (wfb::source-text radio honduras radios "NA" );; line 50030 (wfb::source-text television honduras broadcast_stations "28" );; line 50035 (wfb::source-text television honduras televisions "NA" );; line 50037 (wfb::source-text defense_branch honduras "Army, Navy (includes Marines), Air Force, Public Security Forces (FUSEP)" );; line 50043 (wfb::source-text manpower_availability honduras "males age 15-49 1,275,670; males fit for military service 760,113; males reach military age (18) annually 62,405 (1995 est.)" );; line 50048 (wfb::source-text defense_expenditures honduras "exchange rate conversion - $41 million, about 0.4% of GDP (1994)" );; line 50053 (wfb::source-text location hong_kong "Eastern Asia, bordering the South China Sea and China" );; line 50064 (wfb::source-text map_references hong_kong "Southeast Asia" );; line 50068 (wfb::source-text area hong_kong total_area "1,040 sq km" );; line 50073 (wfb::source-text area hong_kong land_area "990 sq km" );; line 50075 (wfb::source-text area hong_kong comparative_area "slightly less than six times the size of Washington, DC" );; line 50077 (wfb::source-text borders hong_kong "total 30 km, China 30 km" );; line 50081 (wfb::source-text coastline hong_kong "733 km" );; line 50085 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims hong_kong territorial_sea "3 nm" );; line 50090 (wfb::source-text international_disputes hong_kong "none" );; line 50094 (wfb::source-text climate hong_kong "tropical monsoon; cool and humid in winter, hot and rainy from spring through summer, warm and sunny in fall" );; line 50098 (wfb::source-text terrain hong_kong "hilly to mountainous with steep slopes; lowlands in north" );; line 50103 (wfb::source-text natural-resource hong_kong "outstanding deepwater harbor, feldspar" );; line 50107 (wfb::source-text land_use hong_kong arable_land "7%" );; line 50112 (wfb::source-text land_use hong_kong permanent_crops "1%" );; line 50114 (wfb::source-text land_use hong_kong meadows_and_pastures "1%" );; line 50116 (wfb::source-text land_use hong_kong forest_and_woodland "12%" );; line 50118 (wfb::source-text land_use hong_kong other "79%" );; line 50120 (wfb::source-text irrigated_land hong_kong "20 sq km (1989)" );; line 50124 (wfb::source-text environment hong_kong current_issues "air and water pollution from rapid urbanization" );; line 50129 (wfb::source-text environment hong_kong natural_hazards "occasional typhoons" );; line 50131 (wfb::source-text environment hong_kong international_agreements "NA" );; line 50133 (wfb::source-text note hong_kong "more than 200 islands" );; line 50137 (wfb::source-text population hong_kong "5,542,869 (July 1995 est.)" );; line 50143 (wfb::source-text age_structure hong_kong 0-14_years "19% (female 499,460; male 549,734)" );; line 50148 (wfb::source-text age_structure hong_kong 15-64_years "70% (female 1,866,540; male 2,016,684)" );; line 50150 (wfb::source-text age_structure hong_kong 65_years_and_over "11% (female 331,391; male 279,060) (July 1995 est.)" );; line 50152 (wfb::source-text population_growth_rate hong_kong "-0.12% (1995 est.)" );; line 50156 (wfb::source-text birth_rate hong_kong "12.02 births/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 50160 (wfb::source-text death_rate hong_kong "6.02 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 50164 (wfb::source-text net_migration_rate hong_kong "-7.22 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 50168 (wfb::source-text infant_mortality_rate hong_kong "5.8 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.)" );; line 50172 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth hong_kong total_population "80.18 years" );; line 50177 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth hong_kong male "76.78 years" );; line 50179 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth hong_kong female "83.78 years (1995 est.)" );; line 50181 (wfb::source-text total_fertility_rate hong_kong "1.39 children born/woman (1995 est.)" );; line 50185 (wfb::source-text nationality hong_kong noun "Chinese" );; line 50190 (wfb::source-text nationality hong_kong adjective "Chinese" );; line 50192 (wfb::source-text ethnic-entity hong_kong "Chinese 95%, other 5%" );; line 50196 (wfb::source-text religion hong_kong "eclectic mixture of local religions 90%, Christian 10%" );; line 50200 (wfb::source-text language hong_kong "Chinese (Cantonese), English" );; line 50204 (wfb::source-text literacy hong_kong "age 15 and over has ever attended school (1971)" );; line 50208 (wfb::source-text literacy hong_kong total_population "77%" );; line 50210 (wfb::source-text literacy hong_kong male "90%" );; line 50212 (wfb::source-text literacy hong_kong female "64%" );; line 50214 (wfb::source-text total_labor_force hong_kong "2.8 million (1990)" );; line 50218 (wfb::source-text labor_force_by_occupation hong_kong by_occupation "manufacturing 28.5%, wholesale and retail trade, restaurants, and hotels 27.9%, services 17.7%, financing, insurance, and real estate 9.2%, transport and communications 4.5%, construction 2.5%, other 9.7% (1989)" );; line 50220 (wfb::source-text names hong_kong conventional_long_form "none" );; line 50228 (wfb::source-text names hong_kong conventional_short_form "Hong Kong" );; line 50230 (wfb::source-text abbreviation hong_kong "HK" );; line 50234 (wfb::source-text digraph hong_kong "HK" );; line 50238 (wfb::source-text type hong_kong "dependent territory of the UK scheduled to revert to China in 1997" );; line 50242 (wfb::source-text capital hong_kong "Victoria" );; line 50247 (wfb::source-text administrative_divisions hong_kong "none (dependent territory of the UK)" );; line 50251 (wfb::source-text independence hong_kong "none (dependent territory of the UK; the UK signed an agreement with China on 19 December 1984 to return Hong Kong to China on 1 July 1997; in the joint declaration, China promises to respect Hong Kong's existing social and economic systems and lifestyle)" );; line 50255 (wfb::source-text national_holiday hong_kong "Liberation Day, 29 August (1945)" );; line 50262 (wfb::source-text constitution hong_kong "unwritten; partly statutes, partly common law and practice; new Basic Law approved in March 1990 in preparation for 1997" );; line 50266 (wfb::source-text legal_system hong_kong "based on English common law" );; line 50271 (wfb::source-text suffrage hong_kong "direct election 21 years of age; universal for permanent residents living in the territory of Hong Kong for the past seven years; indirect election limited to about 100,000 professionals of electoral college and functional constituencies" );; line 50275 (wfb::source-text executive_branch hong_kong chief_of_state "Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952)" );; line 50283 (wfb::source-text executive_branch hong_kong head_of_government "Governor Chris PATTEN (since 9 July 1992); Chief Secretary Anson CHAN Fang On-Sang (since 29 November 1993)" );; line 50285 (wfb::source-text executive_branch hong_kong cabinet "Executive Council; appointed by the governor" );; line 50288 (wfb::source-text legislative_structure hong_kong "unicameral" );; line 50292 (wfb::source-text legislative_branch hong_kong legislative_council "indirect elections last held 12 September 1991 and direct elections were held for the first time 15 September 1991 (next to be held 17 September 1995 when the number of directly-elected seats increases to 50); results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (60 total; 21 indirectly elected by functional constituencies, 18 directly elected, 18 appointed by governor, 3 ex officio members); indirect elections - number of seats by functional constituency NA; direct elections - UDHK 12, Meeting Point 3, ADPL 1, other 2" );; line 50294 (wfb::source-text judicial_branch hong_kong "Supreme Court" );; line 50305 (wfb::source-text political_parties_and_leaders hong_kong "Democratic Party, Martin LEE, chairman; Democratic Alliance for the Betterment of Hong Kong, TSANG Yuk-shing, chairman; Hong Kong Democratic Foundation, Dr. Patrick SHIU Kin-ying, chairman" );; line 50309 (wfb::source-text other_political_or_pressure_groups hong_kong "Liberal Party, Allen LEE, chairman; Association for Democracy and People's Livelihood (ADPL), Frederick FUNG Kin Kee, chairman; Liberal Democratic Federation, HU Fa-kuang, chairman; Federation of Trade Unions (pro-China), LEE Chark-tim, president; Hong Kong and Kowloon Trade Union Council (pro-Taiwan); Confederation of Trade Unions (pro-democracy), LAU Chin-shek, chairman; Hong Kong General Chamber of Commerce; Chinese General Chamber of Commerce (pro-China); Federation of Hong Kong Industries; Chinese Manufacturers' Association of Hong Kong; Hong Kong Professional Teachers' Union, CHEUNG Man-kwong, president; Hong Kong Alliance in Support of the Patriotic Democratic Movement in China, Szeto WAH, chairman" );; line 50319 (wfb::source-text member_of hong_kong "APEC, AsDB, CCC, ESCAP (associate), GATT, ICFTU, IMO (associate), INTERPOL (subbureau), IOC, ISO (correspondent), WCL, WMO" );; line 50332 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us hong_kong "none (dependent territory of the UK)" );; line 50337 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation hong_kong chief_of_mission "Consul General Richard W. MUELLER" );; line 50342 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation hong_kong |consulate(s) general| "26 Garden Road, Hong Kong" );; line 50344 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation hong_kong mailing_address "PSC 464, Box 30, Hong Kong, or FPO AP 96522-0002" );; line 50346 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation hong_kong telephone "[852] 523-9011" );; line 50348 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation hong_kong fax "[852] 845-4845" );; line 50350 (wfb::source-text flag hong_kong "blue with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side quadrant with the Hong Kong coat of arms on a white disk centered on the outer half of the flag; the coat of arms contains a shield (bearing two junks below a crown) held by a lion (representing the UK) and a dragon (representing China) with another lion above the shield and a banner bearing the words HONG KONG below the shield" );; line 50354 (wfb::source-text overview hong_kong "Hong Kong has a bustling free market economy with few tariffs or nontariff barriers. Natural resources are limited, and food and raw materials must be imported. Manufacturing accounts for about 17% of GDP. Goods and services exports account for about 50% of GDP. Real GDP growth averaged a remarkable 8% in 1987-88, slowed to 3.0% in 1989-90, and picked up to 4.2% in 1991, 5.0% in 1992, 5.2% in 1993, and 5.5% in 1994. Unemployment, which has been declining since the mid-1980s, is now about 2%. A shortage of labor continues to put upward pressure on prices and the cost of living. Prospects for 1995-96 remain bright so long as major trading partners continue to be reasonably prosperous and so long as investors feel China will support free market practices after the takeover in 1997." );; line 50364 (wfb::source-text national_product hong_kong "GDP - purchasing power parity - $136.1 billion (1994 est.)" );; line 50378 (wfb::source-text national_product_real_growth_rate hong_kong "5.5% (1994 est.)" );; line 50382 (wfb::source-text national_product_per_capita hong_kong "$24,530 (1994 est.)" );; line 50386 (wfb::source-text |Inflation rate (consumer prices)| hong_kong "8.5% (1994)" );; line 50390 (wfb::source-text unemployment_rate hong_kong "1.9% (1994 est.)" );; line 50394 (wfb::source-text budget hong_kong revenues "$19.2 billion" );; line 50399 (wfb::source-text budget hong_kong expenditures "$19.7 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA (FY93/94)" );; line 50401 (wfb::source-text exports hong_kong "$168.7 billion (including re-exports of $121.0 billion )(f.o.b., 1994 est.)" );; line 50405 (wfb::source-text exports hong_kong commodities "clothing, textiles, yarn and fabric, footwear, electrical appliances, watches and clocks, toys" );; line 50408 (wfb::source-text exports hong_kong partners "China 32%, US 23%, Germany 5%, Japan 5%, UK 3% (1993 est.)" );; line 50411 (wfb::source-text imports hong_kong "$160 billion (c.i.f., 1994 est.)" );; line 50415 (wfb::source-text imports hong_kong commodities "foodstuffs, transport equipment, raw materials, semimanufactures, petroleum; a large share is re-exported" );; line 50417 (wfb::source-text imports hong_kong partners "China 36%, Japan 19%, Taiwan 9%, US 7% (1993 est.)" );; line 50420 (wfb::source-text external_debt hong_kong "none (1993)" );; line 50424 (wfb::source-text industrial_production hong_kong "growth rate 2% (1993 est.)" );; line 50428 (wfb::source-text electricity hong_kong capacity "8,930,000 kW" );; line 50433 (wfb::source-text electricity hong_kong production "33 billion kWh" );; line 50435 (wfb::source-text electricity hong_kong consumption_per_capita "4,628 kWh (1993)" );; line 50437 (wfb::source-text industry hong_kong "textiles, clothing, tourism, electronics, plastics, toys, watches, clocks" );; line 50441 (wfb::source-text agriculture hong_kong "minor role in the economy; local farmers produce 26% fresh vegetables, 27% live poultry; 8% of land area suitable for farming" );; line 50446 (wfb::source-text illicit_drugs hong_kong "a hub for Southeast Asian heroin trade; transshipment and major financial and money-laundering center; increasing indigenous amphetamine and cocaine abuse" );; line 50451 (wfb::source-text economic_aid hong_kong recipient "US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-87), $152 million; Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-89), $923 million" );; line 50458 (wfb::source-text currency hong_kong "1 Hong Kong dollar (HK$) = 100 cents" );; line 50463 (wfb::source-text exchange_rates hong_kong "Hong Kong dollars (HK$) per US$ - 7.800 (1994), 7.800 (1993), 7.741 (1992), 7.771 (1991), 7.790 (1990); note - linked to the US dollar at the rate of about 7.8 HK$ per 1 US$ since 1985" );; line 50467 (wfb::source-text fiscal_year hong_kong "1 April - 31 March" );; line 50473 (wfb::source-text railroads hong_kong total "35 km" );; line 50479 (wfb::source-text railroads hong_kong standard_gauge "35 km 1.435-m gauge" );; line 50481 (wfb::source-text highways hong_kong total "1,100 km" );; line 50486 (wfb::source-text highways hong_kong paved "794 km" );; line 50488 (wfb::source-text highways hong_kong unpaved "gravel, crushed stone, earth 306 km" );; line 50490 (wfb::source-text port hong_kong "Hong Kong" );; line 50494 (wfb::source-text merchant_marine hong_kong total "217 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 7,657,749 GRT/13,181,496 DWT" );; line 50499 (wfb::source-text merchant_marine hong_kong ships_by_type "bulk 116, cargo 29, chemical tanker 2, combination bulk 2, combination ore/oil 6, container 28, liquefied gas tanker 5, oil tanker 18, refrigerated cargo 7, short-sea passenger 1, vehicle carrier 3" );; line 50502 (wfb::source-text airports hong_kong total "3" );; line 50513 (wfb::source-text airports hong_kong |with paved runways over 3,047 m| "1" );; line 50515 (wfb::source-text airports hong_kong with_paved_runways_under_914_m "2" );; line 50517 (wfb::source-text telephone_system hong_kong "3,000,000 telephones; modern facilities provide excellent domestic and international services" );; line 50522 (wfb::source-text telephone_system hong_kong local "NA" );; line 50525 (wfb::source-text telephone_system hong_kong intercity "microwave transmission links and extensive optical fiber transmission network" );; line 50527 (wfb::source-text telephone_system hong_kong international "3 INTELSAT (1 Pacific Ocean and 2 Indian Ocean) earth stations; coaxial cable to Guangzhou, China; links to 5 international submarine cables providing access to ASEAN member nations, Japan, Taiwan, Australia, Middle East, and Western Europe" );; line 50530 (wfb::source-text radio hong_kong broadcast_stations "AM 6, FM 6, shortwave 0" );; line 50538 (wfb::source-text radio hong_kong radios "2.5 million" );; line 50540 (wfb::source-text television hong_kong broadcast_stations "4 (British Broadcasting Corporation repeater 1; British Forces Broadcasting Service repeater 1)" );; line 50545 (wfb::source-text television hong_kong televisions "1.312 million (1,224,000 color TV sets)" );; line 50548 (wfb::source-text defense_branch hong_kong "Headquarters of British Forces, Army, Royal Navy, Royal Air Force, Royal Hong Kong Auxiliary Air Force, Royal Hong Kong Police Force" );; line 50554 (wfb::source-text manpower_availability hong_kong "males age 15-49 1,634,559; males fit for military service 1,245,905; males reach military age (18) annually 40,996 (1995 est.)" );; line 50559 (wfb::source-text defense_expenditures hong_kong "exchange rate conversion - $207 million, 0.2% of GDP (FY92/93); this represents 65% of the total cost of defending the colony, the remainder being paid by the UK" );; line 50564 (wfb::source-text note hong_kong "defense is the responsibility of the UK" );; line 50570 (wfb::source-text location howland_island "Oceania, island in the North Pacific Ocean, about one-half of the way from Hawaii to Australia" );; line 50580 (wfb::source-text map_references howland_island "Oceania" );; line 50585 (wfb::source-text area howland_island total_area "1.6 sq km" );; line 50590 (wfb::source-text area howland_island land_area "1.6 sq km" );; line 50592 (wfb::source-text area howland_island comparative_area "about 2.7 times the size of The Mall in Washington, DC" );; line 50594 (wfb::source-text borders howland_island "0 km" );; line 50598 (wfb::source-text coastline howland_island "6.4 km" );; line 50602 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims howland_island exclusive_economic_zone "200 nm" );; line 50607 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims howland_island territorial_sea "12 nm" );; line 50609 (wfb::source-text international_disputes howland_island "none" );; line 50613 (wfb::source-text climate howland_island "equatorial; scant rainfall, constant wind, burning sun" );; line 50617 (wfb::source-text terrain howland_island "low-lying, nearly level, sandy, coral island surrounded by a narrow fringing reef; depressed central area" );; line 50621 (wfb::source-text natural-resource howland_island "guano (deposits worked until late 1800s)" );; line 50626 (wfb::source-text land_use howland_island arable_land "0%" );; line 50631 (wfb::source-text land_use howland_island permanent_crops "0%" );; line 50633 (wfb::source-text land_use howland_island meadows_and_pastures "0%" );; line 50635 (wfb::source-text land_use howland_island forest_and_woodland "5%" );; line 50637 (wfb::source-text land_use howland_island other "95%" );; line 50639 (wfb::source-text irrigated_land howland_island "0 sq km" );; line 50643 (wfb::source-text environment howland_island current_issues "no natural fresh water resources" );; line 50648 (wfb::source-text environment howland_island natural_hazards "the narrow fringing reef surrounding the island can be a maritime hazard" );; line 50650 (wfb::source-text environment howland_island international_agreements "NA" );; line 50653 (wfb::source-text note howland_island "almost totally covered with grasses, prostrate vines, and low-growing shrubs; small area of trees in the center; primarily a nesting, roosting, and foraging habitat for seabirds, shorebirds, and marine wildlife; feral cats" );; line 50657 (wfb::source-text population howland_island "uninhabited; note - American civilians evacuated in 1942 after Japanese air and naval attacks during World War II; occupied by US military during World War II, but abandoned after the war; public entry is by special-use permit only and generally restricted to scientists and educators" );; line 50666 (wfb::source-text names howland_island conventional_long_form "none" );; line 50675 (wfb::source-text names howland_island conventional_short_form "Howland Island" );; line 50677 (wfb::source-text digraph howland_island "HQ" );; line 50681 (wfb::source-text type howland_island "unincorporated territory of the US administered by the Fish and Wildlife Service of the US Department of the Interior as part of the National Wildlife Refuge System" );; line 50685 (wfb::source-text capital howland_island "none; administered from Washington, DC" );; line 50691 (wfb::source-text overview howland_island "no economic activity" );; line 50696 (wfb::source-text port howland_island "none; offshore anchorage only; note - there is one boat landing area along the middle of the west coast" );; line 50701 (wfb::source-text airports howland_island "airstrip constructed in 1937 for scheduled refueling stop on the round-the-world flight of Amelia Earhart and Fred Noonan - they left Lae, New Guinea, for Howland Island, but were never seen again; the airstrip is no longer serviceable" );; line 50706 (wfb::source-text note howland_island "Earhart Light is a day beacon near the middle of the west coast that was partially destroyed during World War II, but has since been rebuilt in memory of famed aviatrix Amelia Earhart" );; line 50713 (wfb::source-text note howland_island "defense is the responsibility of the US; visited annually by the US Coast Guard" );; line 50725 (wfb::source-text location hungary "Central Europe, northwest of Romania" );; line 50736 (wfb::source-text map_references hungary "Ethnic Groups in Eastern Europe, Europe" );; line 50740 (wfb::source-text area hungary total_area "93,030 sq km" );; line 50745 (wfb::source-text area hungary land_area "92,340 sq km" );; line 50747 (wfb::source-text area hungary comparative_area "slightly smaller than Indiana" );; line 50749 (wfb::source-text borders hungary "total 1,989 km, Austria 366 km, Croatia 329 km, Romania 443 km, Serbia and Montenegro 151 km (all with Serbia), Slovakia 515 km, Slovenia 82 km, Ukraine 103 km" );; line 50753 (wfb::source-text coastline hungary "0 km (landlocked)" );; line 50759 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims hungary "none; landlocked" );; line 50763 (wfb::source-text international_disputes hungary "Gabcikovo Dam dispute with Slovakia" );; line 50767 (wfb::source-text climate hungary "temperate; cold, cloudy, humid winters; warm summers" );; line 50771 (wfb::source-text terrain hungary "mostly flat to rolling plains; hills and low mountains on the Slovakian border" );; line 50775 (wfb::source-text natural-resource hungary "bauxite, coal, natural gas, fertile soils" );; line 50780 (wfb::source-text land_use hungary arable_land "50.7%" );; line 50785 (wfb::source-text land_use hungary permanent_crops "6.1%" );; line 50787 (wfb::source-text land_use hungary meadows_and_pastures "12.6%" );; line 50789 (wfb::source-text land_use hungary forest_and_woodland "18.3%" );; line 50791 (wfb::source-text land_use hungary other "12.3%" );; line 50793 (wfb::source-text irrigated_land hungary "1,750 sq km (1989)" );; line 50797 (wfb::source-text environment hungary current_issues "air pollution; industrial and municipal pollution of Lake Balaton" );; line 50802 (wfb::source-text environment hungary natural_hazards "levees are common along many streams, but flooding occurs almost every year" );; line 50804 (wfb::source-text environment hungary international_agreements "party to - Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Sulphur 85, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Marine Dumping, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands; signed, but not ratified - Air Pollution-Sulphur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Law of the Sea" );; line 50807 (wfb::source-text note hungary "landlocked; strategic location astride main land routes between Western Europe and Balkan Peninsula as well as between Ukraine and Mediterranean basin" );; line 50816 (wfb::source-text population hungary "10,318,838 (July 1995 est.)" );; line 50824 (wfb::source-text age_structure hungary 0-14_years "18% (female 918,281; male 958,027)" );; line 50829 (wfb::source-text age_structure hungary 15-64_years "68% (female 3,534,218; male 3,440,036)" );; line 50831 (wfb::source-text age_structure hungary 65_years_and_over "14% (female 914,221; male 554,055) (July 1995 est.)" );; line 50833 (wfb::source-text population_growth_rate hungary "0.02% (1995 est.)" );; line 50837 (wfb::source-text birth_rate hungary "12.65 births/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 50841 (wfb::source-text death_rate hungary "12.44 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 50845 (wfb::source-text net_migration_rate hungary "0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 50849 (wfb::source-text infant_mortality_rate hungary "11.9 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.)" );; line 50853 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth hungary total_population "71.9 years" );; line 50858 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth hungary male "67.94 years" );; line 50860 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth hungary female "76.06 years (1995 est.)" );; line 50862 (wfb::source-text total_fertility_rate hungary "1.82 children born/woman (1995 est.)" );; line 50866 (wfb::source-text nationality hungary noun "Hungarian(s)" );; line 50871 (wfb::source-text nationality hungary adjective "Hungarian" );; line 50873 (wfb::source-text ethnic-entity hungary "Hungarian 89.9%, Gypsy 4%, German 2.6%, Serb 2%, Slovak 0.8%, Romanian 0.7%" );; line 50877 (wfb::source-text religion hungary "Roman Catholic 67.5%, Calvinist 20%, Lutheran 5%, atheist and other 7.5%" );; line 50882 (wfb::source-text language hungary "Hungarian 98.2%, other 1.8%" );; line 50887 (wfb::source-text literacy hungary "age 15 and over can read and write (1980)" );; line 50891 (wfb::source-text literacy hungary total_population "99%" );; line 50893 (wfb::source-text literacy hungary male "99%" );; line 50895 (wfb::source-text literacy hungary female "98%" );; line 50897 (wfb::source-text total_labor_force hungary "5.4 million" );; line 50901 (wfb::source-text labor_force_by_occupation hungary by_occupation "services, trade, government, and other 44.8%, industry 29.7%, agriculture 16.1%, construction 7.0% (1991)" );; line 50903 (wfb::source-text names hungary conventional_long_form "Republic of Hungary" );; line 50910 (wfb::source-text names hungary conventional_short_form "Hungary" );; line 50912 (wfb::source-text names hungary local_long_form "Magyar Koztarsasag" );; line 50914 (wfb::source-text names hungary local_short_form "Magyarorszag" );; line 50916 (wfb::source-text digraph hungary "HU" );; line 50920 (wfb::source-text type hungary "republic" );; line 50924 (wfb::source-text capital hungary "Budapest" );; line 50928 (wfb::source-text administrative_divisions hungary "38 counties (megyek, singular - megye) and 1 capital city* (fovaros); Bacs-Kiskun, Baranya, Bekes, Bekescsaba, Borsod-Abauj-Zemplen, Budapest*, Csongrad, Debrecen, Dunaujvaros, Eger, Fejer, Gyor, Gyor-Moson-Sopron, Hajdu-Bihar, Heves, Hodmezovasarhely, Jasz-Nagykun-Szolnok, Kaposvar, Kecskemet, Komarom-Esztergom, Miskolc, Nagykanizsa, Nograd, Nyiregyhaza, Pecs, Pest, Somogy, Sopron, Szabolcs-Szatmar-Bereg, Szeged, Szekesfehervar, Szolnok, Szombathely, Tatabanya, Tolna, Vas, Veszprem, Zala, Zalaegerszeg" );; line 50932 (wfb::source-text independence hungary "1001 (unification by King Stephen I)" );; line 50942 (wfb::source-text national_holiday hungary "St. Stephen's Day (National Day), 20 August (commemorates the founding of Hungarian state circa 1000 A.D.)" );; line 50946 (wfb::source-text constitution hungary "18 August 1949, effective 20 August 1949, revised 19 April 1972; 18 October 1989 revision ensured legal rights for individuals and constitutional checks on the authority of the prime minister and also established the principle of parliamentary oversight" );; line 50951 (wfb::source-text legal_system hungary "in process of revision, moving toward rule of law based on Western model" );; line 50958 (wfb::source-text suffrage hungary "18 years of age; universal" );; line 50963 (wfb::source-text executive_branch hungary chief_of_state "President Arpad GONCZ (since 3 August 1990; previously interim president from 2 May 1990); election last held 3 August 1990 (next to be held NA 1995); results - President GONCZ elected by parliamentary vote; note - President GONCZ was elected by the National Assembly with a total of 295 votes out of 304 as interim President from 2 May 1990 until elected President" );; line 50968 (wfb::source-text executive_branch hungary head_of_government "Prime Minister Gyula HORN (since 15 July 1994)" );; line 50974 (wfb::source-text executive_branch hungary cabinet "Council of Ministers; elected by the National Assembly on recommendation of the president" );; line 50976 (wfb::source-text legislative_structure hungary "unicameral" );; line 50981 (wfb::source-text legislative_branch hungary |National Assembly (Orszaggyules)| "elections last held on 8 and 29 May 1994 (next to be held spring 1998); results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (386 total) MSzP 209, SzDSz 70, MDF 37, FKgP 26, KDNP 22, FiDeSz 20, other 2" );; line 50983 (wfb::source-text judicial_branch hungary "Constitutional Court" );; line 50989 (wfb::source-text political_parties_and_leaders hungary "Hungarian Democratic Forum (MDF), Lajos FUR, chairman; Independent Smallholders (FKgP), Jozsef TORGYAN, president; Hungarian Socialist Party (MSzP), Gyula HORN, president; Christian Democratic People's Party (KDNP), Dr. Lazlo SURJAN, president; Federation of Young Democrats (FiDeSz), Viktor ORBAN, chairman; Alliance of Free Democrats (SzDSz), Ivan PETO, chairman" );; line 50993 (wfb::source-text member_of hungary "Australia Group, BIS, CCC, CE, CEI, CERN, EBRD, ECE, FAO, G- 9, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, MTCR, NACC, NAM (guest), NSG, OAS (observer), OSCE, PCA, PFP, UN, UNAVEM II, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIKOM, UNOMIG, UNOMOZ, UNOMUR, UNU, UPU, WEU (associate partner), WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC" );; line 51006 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us hungary chief_of_mission "Ambassador Gyorgy BANLAKI (since 27 October 1994)" );; line 51016 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us hungary chancery "3910 Shoemaker Street NW, Washington, DC 20008" );; line 51018 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us hungary telephone "[1] (202) 362-6730" );; line 51020 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us hungary fax "[1] (202) 966-8135" );; line 51022 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us hungary |consulate(s) general| "Los Angeles and New York" );; line 51024 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation hungary chief_of_mission "Ambassador Donald M. BLINKEN" );; line 51029 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation hungary embassy "V. Szabadsag Ter 12, Budapest" );; line 51031 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation hungary mailing_address "Am Embassy, Unit 1320, Budapest; APO AE 09213-1320" );; line 51033 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation hungary telephone "[36] (1) 112-6450" );; line 51035 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation hungary fax "[36] (1) 132-8934" );; line 51037 (wfb::source-text flag hungary "three equal horizontal bands of red (top), white, and green" );; line 51041 (wfb::source-text overview hungary "Since 1989 Hungary has been a leader in the transition from a socialist command economy to a market economy - thanks in large part to its initial economic reforms during the Communist era. The private sector now accounts for about 55% of GDP. Nonetheless, the transformation is proving difficult, and many citizens say life was better under the old system. On the bright side, the four-year decline in output finally ended in 1994, as real GDP increased an estimated 3%. This growth helped reduce unemployment to just over 10% by yearend, down from a peak of 13%. However, no progress was made against inflation, which remained stuck at about 20%, and the already-large current account deficit in the balance of payments actually got worse, reaching almost $4 billion. Underlying Hungary's other economic problems is the large budget deficit, which probably exceeded 7% of GDP in 1994, despite some late-year budget cutting by the new leftist government. In 1995 the government has pledged to accelerate privatization and lower the budget deficit to 5.5% of GDP. It believes this fiscal tightening will reduce the current account deficit to $2.5 billion but at the cost of holding economic growth to only 1%." );; line 51046 (wfb::source-text national_product hungary "GDP - purchasing power parity - $58.8 billion (1994 est.)" );; line 51066 (wfb::source-text national_product_real_growth_rate hungary "3% (1994 est.)" );; line 51070 (wfb::source-text national_product_per_capita hungary "$5,700 (1994 est.)" );; line 51074 (wfb::source-text |Inflation rate (consumer prices)| hungary "21% (1994)" );; line 51078 (wfb::source-text unemployment_rate hungary "10.4% (yearend 1994)" );; line 51082 (wfb::source-text budget hungary revenues "$11.3 billion" );; line 51087 (wfb::source-text budget hungary expenditures "$14.2 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA (1994)" );; line 51089 (wfb::source-text exports hungary "$10.3 billion (f.o.b., 1994 est.)" );; line 51093 (wfb::source-text exports hungary commodities "raw materials and semi-finished goods 30.0%, machinery and transport equipment 20.1%, consumer goods 25.2%, food and agriculture 21.4%, fuels and energy 3.4% (1993)" );; line 51095 (wfb::source-text exports hungary partners "Germany 25.3%, Italy 8.3%, Austria 10.5%, the FSU 14.0%, US 4.3% (1993)" );; line 51099 (wfb::source-text imports hungary "$14.2 billion (f.o.b., 1994 est.)" );; line 51104 (wfb::source-text imports hungary commodities "fuels and energy 12.6%, raw materials and semi-finished goods 27.3%, machinery and transport equipment 33.0%, consumer goods 21.2%, food and agriculture 5.9% (1993)" );; line 51106 (wfb::source-text imports hungary partners "Germany 21.5%, Italy 6.1%, Austria 11.8%, the FSU 20.9%, US 4.3% (1993); note - about one-fourth of the imports from the FSU were MiGs delivered as a debt payment" );; line 51110 (wfb::source-text external_debt hungary "$27 billion (September 1994)" );; line 51116 (wfb::source-text industrial_production hungary "growth rate 7% (1994 est.)" );; line 51120 (wfb::source-text electricity hungary capacity "6,740,000 kW" );; line 51125 (wfb::source-text electricity hungary production "31 billion kWh" );; line 51127 (wfb::source-text electricity hungary consumption_per_capita "3,012 kWh (1993)" );; line 51129 (wfb::source-text industry hungary "mining, metallurgy, construction materials, processed foods, textiles, chemicals (especially pharmaceuticals), buses, automobiles" );; line 51133 (wfb::source-text agriculture hungary "including forestry, accounts for 15% of GDP and 16% of employment; highly diversified crop and livestock farming; principal crops - wheat, corn, sunflowers, potatoes, sugar beets; livestock - hogs, cattle, poultry, dairy products; self-sufficient in food output" );; line 51138 (wfb::source-text illicit_drugs hungary "transshipment point for Southeast Asia heroin and South American cocaine destined for Western Europe; limited producer of precursor chemicals" );; line 51145 (wfb::source-text economic_aid hungary recipient "assistance pledged by OECD countries since 1989 about $9 billion" );; line 51151 (wfb::source-text currency hungary "1 forint (Ft) = 100 filler" );; line 51155 (wfb::source-text exchange_rates hungary "forints per US$1 - 112 (January 1995), 105.16 (1994), 91.93 (1993), 78.99 (1992), 74.74 (1991), 63.21 (1990), 59.07 (1989)" );; line 51159 (wfb::source-text fiscal_year hungary "calendar year" );; line 51164 (wfb::source-text railroads hungary total "7,785 km" );; line 51170 (wfb::source-text railroads hungary broad_gauge "35 km 1.520-m gauge" );; line 51172 (wfb::source-text railroads hungary standard_gauge "7,574 km 1.435-m gauge (2,277 km electrified; 1,236 km double track)" );; line 51174 (wfb::source-text railroads hungary narrow_gauge "176 km mostly 0.760-m gauge (1994)" );; line 51177 (wfb::source-text highways hungary total "158,711 km" );; line 51182 (wfb::source-text highways hungary paved "69,992 km (441 km expressways)" );; line 51184 (wfb::source-text highways hungary unpaved "88,719 km (1992)" );; line 51186 (wfb::source-text inland_waterways hungary "1,622 km (1988)" );; line 51190 (wfb::source-text pipelines hungary "crude oil 1,204 km; natural gas 4,387 km (1991)" );; line 51194 (wfb::source-text port hungary "Budapest, Dunaujvaros" );; line 51198 (wfb::source-text merchant_marine hungary total "10 cargo ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 46,121 GRT/61,613 DWT" );; line 51203 (wfb::source-text airports hungary total "78" );; line 51208 (wfb::source-text airports hungary |with paved runways over 3,047 m| "2" );; line 51210 (wfb::source-text airports hungary |with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m| "7" );; line 51212 (wfb::source-text airports hungary |with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m| "4" );; line 51214 (wfb::source-text airports hungary with_paved_runways_under_914_m "1" );; line 51216 (wfb::source-text airports hungary |with unpaved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m| "7" );; line 51218 (wfb::source-text airports hungary |with unpaved runways 1,524 to 2,438 m| "9" );; line 51220 (wfb::source-text airports hungary |with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m| "14" );; line 51222 (wfb::source-text airports hungary with_unpaved_runways_under_914_m "34" );; line 51224 (wfb::source-text telephone_system hungary "1,520,000 phones; 14.7 telephones/100 inhabitants (1993); 14,213 telex lines; automatic telephone network based on microwave radio relay system; 608,000 telephones on order; 12-15 year wait for a telephone; 49% of all phones are in Budapest (1991)" );; line 51229 (wfb::source-text telephone_system hungary local "NA" );; line 51234 (wfb::source-text telephone_system hungary intercity "microwave radio relay" );; line 51236 (wfb::source-text telephone_system hungary international "1 INTELSAT and Intersputnik earth stations" );; line 51238 (wfb::source-text radio hungary broadcast_stations "AM 32, FM 15, shortwave 0" );; line 51243 (wfb::source-text radio hungary radios "NA" );; line 51245 (wfb::source-text television hungary broadcast_stations "41 (Russian repeaters 8)" );; line 51250 (wfb::source-text television hungary televisions "NA" );; line 51252 (wfb::source-text defense_branch hungary "Ground Forces, Air and Air Defense Forces, Border Guard, Territorial Defense" );; line 51258 (wfb::source-text manpower_availability hungary "males age 15-49 2,639,860; males fit for military service 2,105,632; males reach military age (18) annually 86,298 (1995 est.)" );; line 51263 (wfb::source-text defense_expenditures hungary "66.5 billion forints, NA% of GDP (1994 est.); note - conversion of defense expenditures into US dollars using the prevailing exchange rate could produce misleading results" );; line 51268 (wfb::source-text location iceland "Northern Europe, island between the Greenland Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean, northwest of the UK" );; line 51281 (wfb::source-text map_references iceland "Arctic Region" );; line 51286 (wfb::source-text area iceland total_area "103,000 sq km" );; line 51291 (wfb::source-text area iceland land_area "100,250 sq km" );; line 51293 (wfb::source-text area iceland comparative_area "slightly smaller than Kentucky" );; line 51295 (wfb::source-text borders iceland "0 km" );; line 51299 (wfb::source-text coastline iceland "4,988 km" );; line 51303 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims iceland continental_shelf "200 nm or to the edge of the continental margin" );; line 51308 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims iceland exclusive_economic_zone "200 nm" );; line 51310 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims iceland territorial_sea "12 nm" );; line 51312 (wfb::source-text international_disputes iceland "Rockall continental shelf dispute involving Denmark, Ireland, and the UK (Ireland and the UK have signed a boundary agreement in the Rockall area)" );; line 51316 (wfb::source-text climate iceland "temperate; moderated by North Atlantic Current; mild, windy winters; damp, cool summers" );; line 51322 (wfb::source-text terrain iceland "mostly plateau interspersed with mountain peaks, icefields; coast deeply indented by bays and fiords" );; line 51327 (wfb::source-text natural-resource iceland "fish, hydropower, geothermal power, diatomite" );; line 51332 (wfb::source-text land_use iceland arable_land "1%" );; line 51337 (wfb::source-text land_use iceland permanent_crops "0%" );; line 51339 (wfb::source-text land_use iceland meadows_and_pastures "20%" );; line 51341 (wfb::source-text land_use iceland forest_and_woodland "1%" );; line 51343 (wfb::source-text land_use iceland other "78%" );; line 51345 (wfb::source-text irrigated_land iceland "NA sq km" );; line 51349 (wfb::source-text environment iceland current_issues "water pollution from fertilizer runoff; inadequate wastewater treatment" );; line 51354 (wfb::source-text environment iceland natural_hazards "earthquakes and volcanic activity" );; line 51357 (wfb::source-text environment iceland international_agreements "party to - Air Pollution, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands; signed, but not ratified - Environmental Modification, Marine Life Conservation" );; line 51359 (wfb::source-text note iceland "strategic location between Greenland and Europe; westernmost European country; more land covered by glaciers than in all of continental Europe" );; line 51366 (wfb::source-text population iceland "265,998 (July 1995 est.)" );; line 51374 (wfb::source-text age_structure iceland 0-14_years "24% (female 31,482; male 32,912)" );; line 51382 (wfb::source-text age_structure iceland 15-64_years "65% (female 84,559; male 87,089)" );; line 51384 (wfb::source-text age_structure iceland 65_years_and_over "11% (female 16,554; male 13,402) (July 1995 est.)" );; line 51386 (wfb::source-text population_growth_rate iceland "0.92% (1995 est.)" );; line 51390 (wfb::source-text birth_rate iceland "15.85 births/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 51394 (wfb::source-text death_rate iceland "6.7 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 51398 (wfb::source-text net_migration_rate iceland "0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 51402 (wfb::source-text infant_mortality_rate iceland "4 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.)" );; line 51406 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth iceland total_population "78.98 years" );; line 51411 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth iceland male "76.69 years" );; line 51413 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth iceland female "81.39 years (1995 est.)" );; line 51415 (wfb::source-text total_fertility_rate iceland "2.06 children born/woman (1995 est.)" );; line 51419 (wfb::source-text nationality iceland noun "Icelander(s)" );; line 51424 (wfb::source-text nationality iceland adjective "Icelandic" );; line 51426 (wfb::source-text ethnic-entity iceland "homogeneous mixture of descendants of Norwegians and Celts" );; line 51430 (wfb::source-text religion iceland "Evangelical Lutheran 96%, other Protestant and Roman Catholic 3%, none 1% (1988)" );; line 51434 (wfb::source-text language iceland "Icelandic" );; line 51439 (wfb::source-text literacy iceland "age 15 and over can read and write (1976 est.)" );; line 51443 (wfb::source-text literacy iceland total_population "100%" );; line 51445 (wfb::source-text total_labor_force iceland "127,900" );; line 51449 (wfb::source-text labor_force_by_occupation iceland by_occupation "commerce, transportation, and services 60.0%, manufacturing 12.5%, fishing and fish processing 11.8%, construction 10.8%, agriculture 4.0% (1990)" );; line 51451 (wfb::source-text names iceland conventional_long_form "Republic of Iceland" );; line 51458 (wfb::source-text names iceland conventional_short_form "Iceland" );; line 51460 (wfb::source-text names iceland local_long_form "Lyoveldio Island" );; line 51462 (wfb::source-text names iceland local_short_form "Island" );; line 51464 (wfb::source-text digraph iceland "IC" );; line 51468 (wfb::source-text type iceland "republic" );; line 51472 (wfb::source-text capital iceland "Reykjavik" );; line 51476 (wfb::source-text administrative_divisions iceland "23 counties (syslar, singular - sysla) and 14 independent towns* (kaupstadhir, singular - kaupstadhur); Akranes*, Akureyri*, Arnessysla, Austur-Bardhastrandarsysla, Austur-Hunavatnssysla, Austur-Skaftafellssysla, Borgarfjardharsysla, Dalasysla, Eyjafjardharsysla, Gullbringusysla, Hafnarfjordhur*, Husavik*, Isafjordhur*, Keflavik*, Kjosarsysla, Kopavogur*, Myrasysla, Neskaupstadhur*, Nordhur-Isafjardharsysla, Nordhur-Mulasys-la, Nordhur-Thingeyjarsysla, Olafsfjordhur*, Rangarvallasysla, Reykjavik*, Saudharkrokur*, Seydhisfjordhur*, Siglufjordhur*, Skagafjardharsysla, Snaefellsnes-og Hnappadalssysla, Strandasysla, Sudhur-Mulasysla, Sudhur-Thingeyjarsysla, Vesttmannaeyjar*, Vestur-Bardhastrandarsysla, Vestur-Hunavatnssysla, Vestur-Isafjardharsysla, Vestur-Skaftafellssysla" );; line 51480 (wfb::source-text independence iceland "17 June 1944 (from Denmark)" );; line 51493 (wfb::source-text national_holiday iceland "Anniversary of the Establishment of the Republic, 17 June (1944)" );; line 51497 (wfb::source-text constitution iceland "16 June 1944, effective 17 June 1944" );; line 51501 (wfb::source-text legal_system iceland "civil law system based on Danish law; does not accept compulsory ICJ jurisdiction" );; line 51505 (wfb::source-text suffrage iceland "18 years of age; universal" );; line 51510 (wfb::source-text executive_branch iceland chief_of_state "President Vigdis FINNBOGADOTTIR (since 1 August 1980); election last held on 29 June 1988 (next scheduled for June 1996); results - there was no election in 1992 as President Vigdis FINNBOGADOTTIR was unopposed" );; line 51515 (wfb::source-text executive_branch iceland head_of_government "Prime Minister David ODDSSON (since 30 April 1991)" );; line 51519 (wfb::source-text executive_branch iceland cabinet "Cabinet; appointed by the president" );; line 51521 (wfb::source-text legislative_structure iceland "unicameral" );; line 51525 (wfb::source-text legislative_branch iceland |Parliament (Althing)| "elections last held on 8 April 1995 (next to be held by April 1999); results - Independence Party 37.1%, Progressive Party 23.3%, Social Democratic Party 11.4%, Socialists 14.3%, People's Movement 7.2%, Women's Party 4.9%; seats - (63 total) Independence 25, Progressive 15, Social Democratic 7, Socialists 9, People's Movement 4, Women's Party 3" );; line 51527 (wfb::source-text judicial_branch iceland "Supreme Court (Haestirettur)" );; line 51535 (wfb::source-text political_parties_and_leaders iceland "Independence Party (conservative), David ODDSSON; Progressive Party, Halldor ASGRIMSSON; Social Democratic Party, Jon Baldvin HANNIBALSSON; People's Alliance (left socialist), Olafur Ragnar GRIMSSON; Women's Party; People's Movement (moderate left); National Awakening, Johanna SIGURDARDOTTIR" );; line 51539 (wfb::source-text member_of iceland "Australia Group, BIS, CCC, CE, EBRD, ECE, EFTA, FAO, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, INMARSAT, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, ISO, ITU, MTCR, NACC, NATO, NC, NEA, NIB, OECD, OSCE, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNU, UPU, WEU (associate), WHO, WIPO, WMO" );; line 51546 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us iceland chief_of_mission "Ambassador Einar BENEDIKTSSON" );; line 51554 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us iceland chancery "Suite 1200, 1156 15th Street NW, Washington, DC 20005" );; line 51556 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us iceland telephone "[1] (202) 265-6653 through 6655" );; line 51558 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us iceland fax "[1] (202) 265-6656" );; line 51560 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us iceland |consulate(s) general| "New York" );; line 51562 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation iceland chief_of_mission "Ambassador Parker W. BORG" );; line 51567 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation iceland embassy "Laufasvegur 21, Box 40, Reykjavik" );; line 51569 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation iceland mailing_address "US Embassy, PSC 1003, Box 40, Reykjavik; FPO AE 09728-0340" );; line 51571 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation iceland telephone "[354] (1) 629100" );; line 51573 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation iceland fax "[354] (1) 629139" );; line 51575 (wfb::source-text flag iceland "blue with a red cross outlined in white that extends to the edges of the flag; the vertical part of the cross is shifted to the hoist side in the style of the Dannebrog (Danish flag)" );; line 51579 (wfb::source-text overview iceland "Iceland's Scandinavian-type economy is basically capitalistic, but with an extensive welfare system, relatively low unemployment, and comparatively even distribution of income. The economy is heavily dependent on the fishing industry, which provides nearly 75% of export earnings and employs 12% of the work force. In the absence of other natural resources - except energy - Iceland's economy is vulnerable to changing world fish prices. The economy, in recession since 1988, began to recover in 1993, posting 0.4% growth, but was still hampered by cutbacks in fish quotas as well as falling world prices for its main exports: fish and fish products, aluminum, and ferrosilicon. Real GDP grew by perhaps 2.4% in 1994. The center-right government plans to continue its policies of reducing the budget and current account deficits, limiting foreign borrowing, containing inflation, revising agricultural and fishing policies, diversifying the economy, and privatizing state-owned industries. The government, however, remains divided on the issue of EU membership, primarily because of Icelanders' concern about losing control over their fishing resources." );; line 51586 (wfb::source-text national_product iceland "GDP - purchasing power parity - $4.5 billion (1994 est.)" );; line 51605 (wfb::source-text national_product_real_growth_rate iceland "2.4% (1994 est.)" );; line 51609 (wfb::source-text national_product_per_capita iceland "$17,250 (1994 est.)" );; line 51613 (wfb::source-text |Inflation rate (consumer prices)| iceland "1.3% (1994 est.)" );; line 51617 (wfb::source-text unemployment_rate iceland "7% (1994 est.)" );; line 51621 (wfb::source-text budget iceland revenues "$1.9 billion" );; line 51626 (wfb::source-text budget iceland expenditures "$2.1 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA (1994 est.)" );; line 51628 (wfb::source-text exports iceland "$1.4 billion (f.o.b., 1993)" );; line 51632 (wfb::source-text exports iceland commodities "fish and fish products, animal products, aluminum, ferrosilicon, diatomite" );; line 51634 (wfb::source-text exports iceland partners "EC 68% (UK 25%, Germany 12%), US 11%, Japan 8% (1992)" );; line 51637 (wfb::source-text imports iceland "$1.3 billion (c.i.f., 1993)" );; line 51641 (wfb::source-text imports iceland commodities "machinery and transportation equipment, petroleum products, foodstuffs, textiles" );; line 51643 (wfb::source-text imports iceland partners "EC 53% (Germany 14%, Denmark 10%, UK 9%), Norway 14%, US 9% (1992)" );; line 51646 (wfb::source-text external_debt iceland "$2.5 billion (1993 est.)" );; line 51651 (wfb::source-text industrial_production iceland "growth rate 1.75% (1991 est.)" );; line 51655 (wfb::source-text electricity iceland capacity "1,070,000 kW" );; line 51660 (wfb::source-text electricity iceland production "4.7 billion kWh" );; line 51662 (wfb::source-text electricity iceland consumption_per_capita "16,458 kWh (1993)" );; line 51664 (wfb::source-text industry iceland "fish processing, aluminum smelting, ferro-silicon production, geothermal power" );; line 51668 (wfb::source-text agriculture iceland "accounts for about 15% of GDP; fishing is most important economic activity, contributing nearly 75% to export earnings; principal crops - potatoes, turnips; livestock - cattle, sheep; fish catch of about 1.1 million metric tons in 1992" );; line 51673 (wfb::source-text economic_aid iceland recipient "US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-81), $19.1 million" );; line 51681 (wfb::source-text currency iceland "1 Icelandic krona (IKr) = 100 aurar" );; line 51685 (wfb::source-text exchange_rates iceland "Icelandic kronur (IKr) per US$1 - 67.760 (January 1995), 69.944 (1994), 67.603 (1993), 57.546 (1992), 58.996 (1991), 58.284 (1990)" );; line 51689 (wfb::source-text fiscal_year iceland "calendar year" );; line 51694 (wfb::source-text railroads iceland "0 km" );; line 51699 (wfb::source-text highways iceland total "11,373 km" );; line 51704 (wfb::source-text highways iceland paved "2,513 km" );; line 51706 (wfb::source-text highways iceland unpaved "gravel, earth 8,860 km (1992)" );; line 51708 (wfb::source-text port iceland "Akureyri, Hornafjordur, Isafjordur, Keflavik, Raufarhofn, Reykjavik, Seydhisfjordhur, Straumsvik, Vestmannaeyjar" );; line 51712 (wfb::source-text merchant_marine iceland total "6 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 30,025 GRT/40,410 DWT" );; line 51718 (wfb::source-text merchant_marine iceland ships_by_type "cargo 1, chemical tanker 1, oil tanker 1, refrigerated cargo 1, roll-on/roll-off cargo 2" );; line 51720 (wfb::source-text airports iceland total "90" );; line 51726 (wfb::source-text airports iceland |with paved runways over 3,047 m| "1" );; line 51728 (wfb::source-text airports iceland |with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m| "3" );; line 51730 (wfb::source-text airports iceland |with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m| "6" );; line 51732 (wfb::source-text airports iceland with_paved_runways_under_914_m "53" );; line 51734 (wfb::source-text airports iceland |with unpaved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m| "4" );; line 51736 (wfb::source-text airports iceland |with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m| "23" );; line 51738 (wfb::source-text telephone_system iceland "140,000 telephones; adequate domestic service" );; line 51743 (wfb::source-text telephone_system iceland local "NA" );; line 51745 (wfb::source-text telephone_system iceland intercity "the trunk network consists of coaxial and fiber-optic cables and microwave radio relay links" );; line 51747 (wfb::source-text telephone_system iceland international "2 earth stations carry all international traffic through an Atlantic Ocean INTELSAT satellite" );; line 51750 (wfb::source-text radio iceland broadcast_stations "AM 5, FM 147 (transmitters and repeaters), shortwave 0" );; line 51756 (wfb::source-text radio iceland radios "NA" );; line 51758 (wfb::source-text television iceland broadcast_stations "202 (transmitters and repeaters)" );; line 51763 (wfb::source-text television iceland televisions "NA" );; line 51765 (wfb::source-text defense_branch iceland "no regular armed forces; Police, Coast Guard; note - Iceland's defense is provided by the US-manned Icelandic Defense Force (IDF) headquartered at Keflavik" );; line 51771 (wfb::source-text manpower_availability iceland "males age 15-49 70,743; males fit for military service 62,698 (1995 est.)" );; line 51777 (wfb::source-text defense_expenditures iceland "none" );; line 51782 (wfb::source-text location india "Southern Asia, bordering the Arabian Sea and the Bay of Bengal, between Bangladesh and Pakistan" );; line 51792 (wfb::source-text map_references india "Asia" );; line 51797 (wfb::source-text area india total_area "3,287,590 km2" );; line 51802 (wfb::source-text area india land_area "2,973,190 km2" );; line 51804 (wfb::source-text area india comparative_area "slightly more than one-third the size of the US" );; line 51806 (wfb::source-text borders india "total 14,103 km, Bangladesh 4,053 km, Bhutan 605 km, Burma 1,463 km, China 3,380 km, Nepal 1,690 km, Pakistan 2,912 km" );; line 51810 (wfb::source-text coastline india "7,000 km" );; line 51815 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims india contiguous_zone "24 nm" );; line 51820 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims india continental_shelf "200 nm or to the edge of the continental margin" );; line 51822 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims india exclusive_economic_zone "200 nm" );; line 51824 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims india territorial_sea "12 nm" );; line 51826 (wfb::source-text international_disputes india "boundaries with Bangladesh and China; status of Kashmir with Pakistan; water-sharing problems with downstream riparians, Bangladesh over the Ganges and Pakistan over the Indus" );; line 51830 (wfb::source-text climate india "varies from tropical monsoon in south to temperate in north" );; line 51836 (wfb::source-text terrain india "upland plain (Deccan Plateau) in south, flat to rolling plain along the Ganges, deserts in west, Himalayas in north" );; line 51840 (wfb::source-text natural-resource india "coal (fourth-largest reserves in the world), iron ore, manganese, mica, bauxite, titanium ore, chromite, natural gas, diamonds, petroleum, limestone" );; line 51845 (wfb::source-text land_use india arable_land "55%" );; line 51852 (wfb::source-text land_use india permanent_crops "1%" );; line 51854 (wfb::source-text land_use india meadows_and_pastures "4%" );; line 51856 (wfb::source-text land_use india forest_and_woodland "23%" );; line 51858 (wfb::source-text land_use india other "17%" );; line 51860 (wfb::source-text irrigated_land india "430,390 sq km (1989)" );; line 51864 (wfb::source-text environment india current_issues "deforestation; soil erosion; overgrazing; desertification; air pollution from industrial effluents and vehicle emissions; water pollution from raw sewage and runoff of agricultural pesticides; tap water is not potable throughout the country; huge and rapidly growing population is overstraining natural resources" );; line 51869 (wfb::source-text environment india natural_hazards "droughts, flash floods, severe thunderstorms common; earthquakes" );; line 51875 (wfb::source-text environment india international_agreements "party to - Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber, Wetlands, Whaling; signed, but not ratified - Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Desertification, Law of the Sea" );; line 51877 (wfb::source-text note india "dominates South Asian subcontinent; near important Indian Ocean trade routes" );; line 51885 (wfb::source-text population india "936,545,814 (July 1995 est.)" );; line 51892 (wfb::source-text age_structure india 0-14_years "35% (female 159,921,309; male 168,812,255)" );; line 51897 (wfb::source-text age_structure india 15-64_years "61% (female 274,105,407; male 296,145,798)" );; line 51899 (wfb::source-text age_structure india 65_years_and_over "4% (female 18,870,762; male 18,690,283) (July 1995 est.)" );; line 51901 (wfb::source-text population_growth_rate india "1.77% (1995 est.)" );; line 51905 (wfb::source-text birth_rate india "27.78 births/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 51909 (wfb::source-text death_rate india "10.07 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 51913 (wfb::source-text net_migration_rate india "0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 51917 (wfb::source-text infant_mortality_rate india "76.3 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.)" );; line 51921 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth india total_population "59.04 years" );; line 51926 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth india male "58.5 years" );; line 51928 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth india female "59.61 years (1995 est.)" );; line 51930 (wfb::source-text total_fertility_rate india "3.4 children born/woman (1995 est.)" );; line 51934 (wfb::source-text nationality india noun "Indian(s)" );; line 51939 (wfb::source-text nationality india adjective "Indian" );; line 51941 (wfb::source-text ethnic-entity india "Indo-Aryan 72%, Dravidian 25%, Mongoloid and other 3%" );; line 51945 (wfb::source-text religion india "Hindu 80%, Muslim 14%, Christian 2.4%, Sikh 2%, Buddhist 0.7%, Jains 0.5%, other 0.4%" );; line 51949 (wfb::source-text language india "English enjoys associate status but is the most important language for national, political, and commercial communication, Hindi the national language and primary tongue of 30% of the people, Bengali (official), Telugu (official), Marathi (official), Tamil (official), Urdu (official), Gujarati (official), Malayalam (official), Kannada (official), Oriya (official), Punjabi (official), Assamese (official), Kashmiri (official), Sindhi (official), Sanskrit (official), Hindustani a popular variant of Hindu/Urdu, is spoken widely throughout northern India" );; line 51954 (wfb::source-text literacy india "age 7 and over can read and write (1991)" );; line 51968 (wfb::source-text literacy india total_population "52%" );; line 51970 (wfb::source-text literacy india male "64%" );; line 51972 (wfb::source-text literacy india female "39%" );; line 51974 (wfb::source-text total_labor_force india "314.751 million (1990)" );; line 51978 (wfb::source-text labor_force_by_occupation india by_occupation "agriculture 65% (1993 est.)" );; line 51980 (wfb::source-text names india conventional_long_form "Republic of India" );; line 51986 (wfb::source-text names india conventional_short_form "India" );; line 51988 (wfb::source-text digraph india "IN" );; line 51992 (wfb::source-text type india "federal republic" );; line 51996 (wfb::source-text capital india "New Delhi" );; line 52000 (wfb::source-text administrative_divisions india "25 states and 7 union territories*; Andaman and Nicobar Islands*, Andhra Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Chandigarh*, Dadra and Nagar Haveli*, Daman and Diu*, Delhi*, Goa, Gujarat, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Karnataka, Kerala, Lakshadweep*, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, Orissa, Pondicherry*, Punjab, Rajasthan, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, Tripura, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal" );; line 52004 (wfb::source-text independence india "15 August 1947 (from UK)" );; line 52013 (wfb::source-text national_holiday india "Anniversary of the Proclamation of the Republic, 26 January (1950)" );; line 52017 (wfb::source-text constitution india "26 January 1950" );; line 52022 (wfb::source-text legal_system india "based on English common law; limited judicial review of legislative acts; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations" );; line 52026 (wfb::source-text suffrage india "18 years of age; universal" );; line 52031 (wfb::source-text executive_branch india chief_of_state "President Shankar Dayal SHARMA (since 25 July 1992); Vice President Kicheril Raman NARAYANAN (since 21 August 1992)" );; line 52036 (wfb::source-text executive_branch india head_of_government "Prime Minister P. V. Narasimha RAO (since 21 June 1991)" );; line 52039 (wfb::source-text executive_branch india cabinet "Council of Ministers; appointed by the president on recommendation of the prime minister" );; line 52041 (wfb::source-text legislative_structure india "bicameral Parliament (Sansad)" );; line 52046 (wfb::source-text legislative_branch india |Council of States (Rajya Sabha)| "body consisting of not more than 250 members, up to 12 appointed by the president, the remainder chosen by the elected members of the state and territorial assemblies" );; line 52048 (wfb::source-text legislative_branch india |People's Assembly (Lok Sabha)| "elections last held 21 May, 12 and 15 June 1991 (next to be held by 1996); results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (545 total, 543 elected, 2 appointed) Congress (I) Party 245, BJP 119, Janata Dal Party 39, Janata Dal (Ajit Singh) 20, CPI/M 35, CPI 14, Telugu Desam 13, AIADMK 11, Samajwadi Janata Party 5, Shiv Sena 4, RSP 4, BSP 1, Congress (S) Party 1, other 23, vacant 9; note - the distribution of seats as of 18 January 1995 is as follows: Congress (I) Party 260, BJP 117, CPI/M 36, Janata Dal Party 24, Samta Party 14, CPI 14, AIADMK 12, Janata Dal (Ajit) 7, Telugu Desam 7, RSP 4, Janata Dal (Ex-Ajit) 3, Samajwadi Party 3, BSP 3, AIFB 3, Shiv Sena 2, Congress (S) Party 1, Kerala Congress (Mani faction) 1, Bihar Peoples Party 1, India National League 1, other 14, vacant 16" );; line 52052 (wfb::source-text judicial_branch india "Supreme Court" );; line 52066 (wfb::source-text political_parties_and_leaders india "Congress (I) Party, P. V. Narasimha RAO, president; Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP), L.K. ADVANI; Janata Dal Party, S.R. BOMMAI; Janata Dal (Ajit), Ajit SINGH; Janata Dal (Ex-Ajit), leader NA; Communist Party of India/Marxist (CPI/M), Harkishan Singh SURJEET; Communist Party of India (CPI), Indrajit GUPTA; Telugu Desam (a regional party in Andhra Pradesh), N. T. Rama RAO; All-India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazagham (AIADMK; a regional party in Tamil Nadu), Jayaram JAYALALITHA; Samajwadi Party (SP), Mulayam Singh YADAV (President), Om Prakash CHAUTALA, Devi LAL; Shiv Sena, Bal THACKERAY; Revolutionary Socialist Party (RSP), Tridip CHOWDHURY; Bahujan Samaj Party (BSP), Kanshi RAM; Congress (S) Party, leader NA; Communist Party of India/Marxist-Leninist (CPI/ML), Vinod MISHRA; Dravida Munnetra Kazagham (a regional party in Tamil Nadu), M. KARUNANIDHI; Akali Dal factions representing Sikh religious community in the Punjab; National Conference (NC; a regional party in Jammu and Kashmir), Farooq ABDULLAH; Bihar Peoples Party, Lovely ANAND; Samta Party (formerly Janata Dal members), Natish KUMAR; Indian National League, Suliaman SAIT; Kerala Congress (Mani faction), K.M. MANI; All India Forward Bloc (AIFB), Prem Dutta PALIWAL (Chairman), Chitta BASU (General Secretary)" );; line 52070 (wfb::source-text other_political_or_pressure_groups india "various separatist groups seeking greater communal and/or regional autonomy; numerous religious or militant/chauvinistic organizations, including Adam Sena, Ananda Marg, Vishwa Hindu Parishad, and Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh" );; line 52090 (wfb::source-text member_of india "AfDB, AG (observer), AsDB, C, CCC, CP, ESCAP, FAO, G- 6, G-15, G-19, G-24, G-77, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, INMARSAT, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, IOM (observer), ISO, ITU, NAM, OAS (observer), PCA, SAARC, UN, UNAVEM II, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNIKOM, UNITAR, UNOMIL, UNOMOZ, UNOSOM, UNU, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO" );; line 52097 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us india chief_of_mission "Ambassador Siddhartha Shankar RAY" );; line 52106 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us india chancery "2107 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008" );; line 52108 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us india telephone "[1] (202) 939-7000" );; line 52110 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us india |consulate(s) general| "Chicago, New York, and San Francisco" );; line 52112 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation india chief_of_mission "Ambassador Frank G. WISNER" );; line 52117 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation india embassy "Shanti Path, Chanakyapuri 110021, New Delhi" );; line 52119 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation india mailing_address "use embassy street address" );; line 52121 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation india telephone "[91] (11) 600651" );; line 52123 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation india fax "[91] (11) 6872028" );; line 52125 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation india |consulate(s) general| "Bombay, Calcutta, Madras" );; line 52127 (wfb::source-text flag india "three equal horizontal bands of orange (top), white, and green with a blue chakra (24-spoked wheel) centered in the white band; similar to the flag of Niger, which has a small orange disk centered in the white band" );; line 52131 (wfb::source-text overview india "India's economy is a mixture of traditional village farming, modern agriculture, handicrafts, a wide range of modern industries, and a multitude of support services. Faster economic growth in the 1980s permitted a significant increase in real per capita private consumption. A large share of the population, perhaps as much as 40%, remains too poor to afford an adequate diet. Financial strains in 1990 and 1991 prompted government austerity measures that slowed industrial growth but permitted India to meet its international payment obligations without rescheduling its debt. Production, trade, and investment reforms since 1991 have provided new opportunities for Indian businessmen and an estimated 100 million to 200 million middle class consumers. New Delhi has always paid its foreign debts on schedule and has stimulated exports, attracted foreign investment, and revived confidence in India's economic prospects. Foreign exchange reserves, precariously low three years ago, now total more than $19 billion. Positive factors for the remainder of the 1990s are India's strong entrepreneurial class and the central government's recognition of the continuing need for market-oriented approaches to economic development, for example in upgrading the wholly inadequate communications facilities. Negative factors include the desperate poverty of hundreds of millions of Indians and the impact of the huge and expanding population on an already overloaded environment." );; line 52139 (wfb::source-text national_product india "GDP - purchasing power parity - $1.2539 trillion (1994 est.)" );; line 52162 (wfb::source-text national_product_real_growth_rate india "5% (1994 est.)" );; line 52166 (wfb::source-text national_product_per_capita india "$1,360 (1994 est.)" );; line 52170 (wfb::source-text |Inflation rate (consumer prices)| india "10% (1994 est.)" );; line 52174 (wfb::source-text unemployment_rate india "NA%" );; line 52178 (wfb::source-text budget india revenues "$30.85 billion" );; line 52183 (wfb::source-text budget india expenditures "$48.35 billion, including capital expenditures of $10.5 billion (FY93/94)" );; line 52185 (wfb::source-text exports india "$24.4 billion (f.o.b., 1994 est.)" );; line 52190 (wfb::source-text exports india commodities "clothing, gems and jewelry, engineering goods, chemicals, leather manufactures, cotton yarn, and fabric" );; line 52192 (wfb::source-text exports india partners "US, Japan, Germany, UK, Hong Kong" );; line 52195 (wfb::source-text imports india "$25.5 billion (c.i.f., 1994 est.)" );; line 52199 (wfb::source-text imports india commodities "crude oil and petroleum products, machinery, gems, fertilizer, chemicals" );; line 52201 (wfb::source-text imports india partners "US, Germany, Saudi Arabia, UK, Belgium, Japan" );; line 52204 (wfb::source-text external_debt india "$89.2 billion (November 1994)" );; line 52208 (wfb::source-text industrial_production india "growth rate 7% (1994 est.); accounts for 28% of GDP" );; line 52212 (wfb::source-text electricity india capacity "81,200,000 kW" );; line 52217 (wfb::source-text electricity india production "314 billion kWh" );; line 52219 (wfb::source-text electricity india consumption_per_capita "324 kWh (1993)" );; line 52221 (wfb::source-text industry india "textiles, chemicals, food processing, steel, transportation equipment, cement, mining, petroleum, machinery" );; line 52225 (wfb::source-text agriculture india "accounts for 34% of GDP; principal crops - rice, wheat, oilseeds, cotton, jute, tea, sugarcane, potatoes; livestock - cattle, buffaloes, sheep, goats, poultry; fish catch of about 3 million metric tons ranks India among the world's top 10 fishing nations" );; line 52230 (wfb::source-text illicit_drugs india "licit producer of opium poppy for the pharmaceutical trade, but an undetermined quantity of opium is diverted to illicit international drug markets; major transit country for illicit narcotics produced in neighboring countries; illicit producer of hashish and methaqualone; produced 82 metric tons of illicit opium in 1994" );; line 52237 (wfb::source-text economic_aid india recipient "US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-89), $4.4 billion; Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1980-89), $31.7 billion; OPEC bilateral aid (1979-89), $315 million; USSR (1970-89), $11.6 billion; Eastern Europe (1970-89), $105 million" );; line 52246 (wfb::source-text currency india "1 Indian rupee (Re) = 100 paise" );; line 52253 (wfb::source-text exchange_rates india "Indian rupees (Rs) per US$1 - 31.374 (January 1995), 31.374 (1994), 30.493 (1993), 25.918 (1992), 22.742 (1991), 17.504 (1990)" );; line 52257 (wfb::source-text fiscal_year india "1 April - 31 March" );; line 52262 (wfb::source-text railroads india total "62,211 km (6,500 km electrified; 12,617 km double track)" );; line 52268 (wfb::source-text railroads india broad_gauge "34,544 km 1.676-m gauge" );; line 52270 (wfb::source-text railroads india narrow_gauge "23,599 km 1.000-m gauge; 4,068 km 0.762-m and 0.610-m gauge (1994 est.)" );; line 52272 (wfb::source-text highways india total "1.97 million km" );; line 52278 (wfb::source-text highways india paved "960,000 km" );; line 52280 (wfb::source-text highways india unpaved "gravel, crushed stone, earth 1.01 million km (1989)" );; line 52282 (wfb::source-text inland_waterways india "16,180 km; 3,631 km navigable by large vessels" );; line 52286 (wfb::source-text pipelines india "crude oil 3,497 km; petroleum products 1,703 km; natural gas 902 km (1989)" );; line 52290 (wfb::source-text port india "Bombay, Calcutta, Cochin, Haldia, Kandla, Madras, Mormugao, New Mangalore, Pondicherry, Port Blair (Andaman Islands), Tuticorin, Vishakhapatnam" );; line 52295 (wfb::source-text merchant_marine india total "299 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 6,288,902 GRT/10,454,178 DWT" );; line 52301 (wfb::source-text merchant_marine india ships_by_type "bulk 114, cargo 78, chemical tanker 9, combination bulk 2, combination ore/oil 5, container 10, liquefied gas tanker 6, oil tanker 68, passenger-cargo 5, roll-on/roll-off cargo 1, short-sea passenger 1" );; line 52304 (wfb::source-text airports india total "352" );; line 52311 (wfb::source-text airports india |with paved runways over 3,047 m| "11" );; line 52313 (wfb::source-text airports india |with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m| "48" );; line 52315 (wfb::source-text airports india |with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m| "85" );; line 52317 (wfb::source-text airports india |with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m| "72" );; line 52319 (wfb::source-text airports india with_paved_runways_under_914_m "81" );; line 52321 (wfb::source-text airports india |with unpaved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m| "2" );; line 52323 (wfb::source-text airports india |with unpaved runways 1,524 to 2,438 m| "7" );; line 52325 (wfb::source-text airports india |with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m| "46" );; line 52327 (wfb::source-text telephone_system india "NA telephones; 5 telephones/1,000 persons; domestic telephone system is poor; long-distance telephoning has been improved by a domestic satellite system which also carries TV" );; line 52332 (wfb::source-text telephone_system india local "NA" );; line 52336 (wfb::source-text telephone_system india intercity "NA" );; line 52338 (wfb::source-text telephone_system india international "3 INTELSAT (Indian Ocean) earth stations and submarine cables to Malaysia and the United Arab Emirates" );; line 52340 (wfb::source-text radio india broadcast_stations "AM 96, FM 4, shortwave 0" );; line 52346 (wfb::source-text radio india radios "NA" );; line 52348 (wfb::source-text television india broadcast_stations "274 (government controlled)" );; line 52353 (wfb::source-text television india televisions "NA" );; line 52355 (wfb::source-text defense_branch india "Army, Navy, Air Force, various security or paramilitary forces (includes Border Security Force, Assam Rifles, and Coast Guard)" );; line 52361 (wfb::source-text manpower_availability india "males age 15-49 253,134,487; males fit for military service 148,814,104; males reach military age (17) annually 9,461,907 (1995 est.)" );; line 52366 (wfb::source-text defense_expenditures india "exchange rate conversion - $7.8 billion, 2.8% of GDP (FY94/95)" );; line 52371 (wfb::source-text location indian_ocean "body of water between Africa, Antarctica, Asia, and Australia" );; line 52381 (wfb::source-text map_references indian_ocean "World" );; line 52385 (wfb::source-text area indian_ocean total_area "73.6 million sq km" );; line 52390 (wfb::source-text area indian_ocean comparative_area "slightly less than eight times the size of the US; third-largest ocean (after the Pacific Ocean and Atlantic Ocean, but larger than the Arctic Ocean)" );; line 52392 (wfb::source-text coastline indian_ocean "66,526 km" );; line 52402 (wfb::source-text international_disputes indian_ocean "some maritime disputes (see littoral states)" );; line 52406 (wfb::source-text climate indian_ocean "northeast monsoon (December to April), southwest monsoon (June to October); tropical cyclones occur during May/June and October/November in the northern Indian Ocean and January/February in the southern Indian Ocean" );; line 52410 (wfb::source-text terrain indian_ocean "surface dominated by counterclockwise gyre (broad, circular system of currents) in the southern Indian Ocean; unique reversal of surface currents in the northern Indian Ocean, low atmospheric pressure over southwest Asia from hot, rising, summer air results in the southwest monsoon and southwest-to-northeast winds and currents, while high pressure over northern Asia from cold, falling, winter air results in the northeast monsoon and northeast-to-southwest winds and currents; ocean floor is dominated by the Mid-Indian Ocean Ridge and subdivided by the Southeast Indian Ocean Ridge, Southwest Indian Ocean Ridge, and Ninety East Ridge; maximum depth is 7,258 meters in the Java Trench" );; line 52416 (wfb::source-text natural-resource indian_ocean "oil and gas fields, fish, shrimp, sand and gravel aggregates, placer deposits, polymetallic nodules" );; line 52429 (wfb::source-text environment indian_ocean current_issues "endangered marine species include the dugong, seals, turtles, and whales; oil pollution in the Arabian Sea, Persian Gulf, and Red Sea" );; line 52435 (wfb::source-text environment indian_ocean natural_hazards "ships subject to superstructure icing in extreme south near Antarctica from May to October" );; line 52438 (wfb::source-text environment indian_ocean international_agreements "NA" );; line 52441 (wfb::source-text note indian_ocean "major chokepoints include Bab el Mandeb, Strait of Hormuz, Strait of Malacca, southern access to the Suez Canal, and the Lombok Strait" );; line 52445 (wfb::source-text digraph indian_ocean "XO" );; line 52456 (wfb::source-text overview indian_ocean "The Indian Ocean provides major sea routes connecting the Middle East, Africa, and East Asia with Europe and the Americas. It carries a particularly heavy traffic of petroleum and petroleum products from the oilfields of the Persian Gulf and Indonesia. Its fish are of great and growing importance to the bordering countries for domestic consumption and export. Fishing fleets from Russia, Japan, Korea, and Taiwan also exploit the Indian Ocean, mainly for shrimp and tuna. Large reserves of hydrocarbons are being tapped in the offshore areas of Saudi Arabia, Iran, India, and western Australia. An estimated 40% of the world's offshore oil production comes from the Indian Ocean. Beach sands rich in heavy minerals and offshore placer deposits are actively exploited by bordering countries, particularly India, South Africa, Indonesia, Sri Lanka, and Thailand." );; line 52461 (wfb::source-text industry indian_ocean "based on exploitation of natural resources, particularly fish, minerals, oil and gas, fishing, sand and gravel" );; line 52476 (wfb::source-text port indian_ocean "Bombay (India), Calcutta (India), Colombo (Sri Lanka), Durban (South Africa), Jakarta (Indonesia), Madras (India), Melbourne (Australia), Richard's Bay (South Africa)" );; line 52482 (wfb::source-text telephone_system indian_ocean international "submarine cables from India to United Arab Emirates and Malaysia, and from Sri Lanka to Djibouti and Indonesia" );; line 52490 (wfb::source-text location indonesia "Southeastern Asia, archipelago between the Indian Ocean and the Pacific Ocean" );; line 52506 (wfb::source-text map_references indonesia "Southeast Asia" );; line 52511 (wfb::source-text area indonesia total_area "1,919,440 sq km" );; line 52516 (wfb::source-text area indonesia land_area "1,826,440 sq km" );; line 52518 (wfb::source-text area indonesia comparative_area "slightly less than three times the size of Texas" );; line 52520 (wfb::source-text borders indonesia "total 2,602 km, Malaysia 1,782 km, Papua New Guinea 820 km" );; line 52524 (wfb::source-text coastline indonesia "54,716 km" );; line 52528 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims indonesia "measured from claimed archipelagic baselines" );; line 52532 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims indonesia exclusive_economic_zone "200 nm" );; line 52534 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims indonesia territorial_sea "12 nm" );; line 52536 (wfb::source-text international_disputes indonesia "sovereignty over Timor Timur (East Timor Province) disputed with Portugal and not recognized by the UN; two islands in dispute with Malaysia" );; line 52540 (wfb::source-text climate indonesia "tropical; hot, humid; more moderate in highlands" );; line 52545 (wfb::source-text terrain indonesia "mostly coastal lowlands; larger islands have interior mountains" );; line 52549 (wfb::source-text natural-resource indonesia "petroleum, tin, natural gas, nickel, timber, bauxite, copper, fertile soils, coal, gold, silver" );; line 52553 (wfb::source-text land_use indonesia arable_land "8%" );; line 52559 (wfb::source-text land_use indonesia permanent_crops "3%" );; line 52561 (wfb::source-text land_use indonesia meadows_and_pastures "7%" );; line 52563 (wfb::source-text land_use indonesia forest_and_woodland "67%" );; line 52565 (wfb::source-text land_use indonesia other "15%" );; line 52567 (wfb::source-text irrigated_land indonesia "75,500 sq km (1989 est.)" );; line 52571 (wfb::source-text environment indonesia current_issues "deforestation; water pollution from industrial wastes, sewage; air pollution in urban areas" );; line 52576 (wfb::source-text environment indonesia natural_hazards "occasional floods, severe droughts, and tsunamis" );; line 52579 (wfb::source-text environment indonesia international_agreements "party to - Biodiversity, Climate Change, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Wetlands; signed, but not ratified - Desertification, Marine Life Conservation, Tropical Timber 94" );; line 52581 (wfb::source-text note indonesia "archipelago of 13,500 islands (6,000 inhabited); straddles Equator; strategic location astride or along major sea lanes from Indian Ocean to Pacific Ocean" );; line 52588 (wfb::source-text population indonesia "203,583,886 (July 1995 est.)" );; line 52596 (wfb::source-text age_structure indonesia 0-14_years "32% (female 32,548,039; male 33,485,810)" );; line 52601 (wfb::source-text age_structure indonesia 15-64_years "64% (female 65,394,816; male 64,914,362)" );; line 52603 (wfb::source-text age_structure indonesia 65_years_and_over "4% (female 4,027,367; male 3,213,492) (July 1995 est.)" );; line 52605 (wfb::source-text population_growth_rate indonesia "1.56% (1995 est.)" );; line 52609 (wfb::source-text birth_rate indonesia "24.06 births/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 52613 (wfb::source-text death_rate indonesia "8.48 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 52617 (wfb::source-text net_migration_rate indonesia "0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 52621 (wfb::source-text infant_mortality_rate indonesia "65 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.)" );; line 52625 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth indonesia total_population "61.22 years" );; line 52630 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth indonesia male "59.13 years" );; line 52632 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth indonesia female "63.42 years (1995 est.)" );; line 52634 (wfb::source-text total_fertility_rate indonesia "2.74 children born/woman (1995 est.)" );; line 52638 (wfb::source-text nationality indonesia noun "Indonesian(s)" );; line 52643 (wfb::source-text nationality indonesia adjective "Indonesian" );; line 52645 (wfb::source-text ethnic-entity indonesia "Javanese 45%, Sundanese 14%, Madurese 7.5%, coastal Malays 7.5%, other 26%" );; line 52649 (wfb::source-text religion indonesia "Muslim 87%, Protestant 6%, Roman Catholic 3%, Hindu 2%, Buddhist 1%, other 1% (1985)" );; line 52654 (wfb::source-text language indonesia "Bahasa Indonesia (modified form of Malay; official), English, Dutch, local dialects the most widely spoken of which is Javanese" );; line 52659 (wfb::source-text literacy indonesia "age 15 and over can read and write (1990)" );; line 52664 (wfb::source-text literacy indonesia total_population "82%" );; line 52666 (wfb::source-text literacy indonesia male "88%" );; line 52668 (wfb::source-text literacy indonesia female "75%" );; line 52670 (wfb::source-text total_labor_force indonesia "67 million" );; line 52674 (wfb::source-text labor_force_by_occupation indonesia by_occupation "agriculture 55%, manufacturing 10%, construction 4%, transport and communications 3% (1985 est.)" );; line 52676 (wfb::source-text names indonesia conventional_long_form "Republic of Indonesia" );; line 52683 (wfb::source-text names indonesia conventional_short_form "Indonesia" );; line 52685 (wfb::source-text names indonesia local_long_form "Republik Indonesia" );; line 52687 (wfb::source-text names indonesia local_short_form "Indonesia" );; line 52689 (wfb::source-text names indonesia former "Netherlands East Indies; Dutch East Indies" );; line 52691 (wfb::source-text digraph indonesia "ID" );; line 52695 (wfb::source-text type indonesia "republic" );; line 52699 (wfb::source-text capital indonesia "Jakarta" );; line 52703 (wfb::source-text administrative_divisions indonesia "24 provinces (propinsi-propinsi, singular - propinsi), 2 special regions* (daerah-daerah istimewa, singular - daerah istimewa), and 1 special capital city district** (daerah khusus ibukota); Aceh*, Bali, Bengkulu, Irian Jaya, Jakarta Raya**, Jambi, Jawa Barat, Jawa Tengah, Jawa Timur, Kalimantan Barat, Kalimantan Selatan, Kalimantan Tengah, Kalimantan Timur, Lampung, Maluku, Nusa Tenggara Barat, Nusa Tenggara Timur, Riau, Sulawesi Selatan, Sulawesi Tengah, Sulawesi Tenggara, Sulawesi Utara, Sumatera Barat, Sumatera Selatan, Sumatera Utara, Timor Timur, Yogyakarta*" );; line 52707 (wfb::source-text independence indonesia "17 August 1945 (proclaimed independence; on 27 December 1949, Indonesia became legally independent from the Netherlands)" );; line 52718 (wfb::source-text national_holiday indonesia "Independence Day, 17 August (1945)" );; line 52723 (wfb::source-text constitution indonesia "August 1945, abrogated by Federal Constitution of 1949 and Provisional Constitution of 1950, restored 5 July 1959" );; line 52727 (wfb::source-text legal_system indonesia "based on Roman-Dutch law, substantially modified by indigenous concepts and by new criminal procedures code; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction" );; line 52732 (wfb::source-text suffrage indonesia "17 years of age; universal and married persons regardless of age" );; line 52738 (wfb::source-text executive_branch indonesia chief_of_state_and_head_of_government "President Gen. (Ret.) SOEHARTO (since 27 March 1968); Vice President Gen. (Ret.) Try SUTRISNO (since 11 March 1993)" );; line 52743 (wfb::source-text executive_branch indonesia cabinet "Cabinet" );; line 52746 (wfb::source-text legislative_structure indonesia "unicameral" );; line 52750 (wfb::source-text legislative_branch indonesia |House of Representatives (Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat or DPR)| "elections last held on 8 June 1992 (next to be held NA 1997); results - GOLKAR 68%, PPP 17%, PDI 15%; seats - (500 total, 400 elected, 100 military representatives appointed) GOLKAR 282, PPP 62, PDI 56" );; line 52752 (wfb::source-text judicial_branch indonesia "Supreme Court (Mahkamah Agung)" );; line 52763 (wfb::source-text political_parties_and_leaders indonesia "GOLKAR (quasi-official party based on functional groups), Lt. Gen. (Ret.) HARMOKO, general chairman; Indonesia Democracy Party (PDI - federation of former Nationalist and Christian Parties), Megawati SUKARNOPUTRI, chairman; Development Unity Party (PPP, federation of former Islamic parties), Ismail Hasan METAREUM, chairman" );; line 52767 (wfb::source-text member_of indonesia "APEC, AsDB, ASEAN, CCC, CP, ESCAP, FAO, G-15, G-19, G-77, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, INMARSAT, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, IOM (observer), ISO, ITU, NAM, OIC, OPEC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNIKOM, UNMIH, UNPROFOR, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO" );; line 52775 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us indonesia chief_of_mission "Ambassador Arifin Mohamad SIREGAR" );; line 52784 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us indonesia chancery "2020 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20036" );; line 52786 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us indonesia telephone "[1] (202) 775-5200" );; line 52788 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us indonesia fax "[1] (202) 775-5365" );; line 52790 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us indonesia |consulate(s) general| "Chicago, Houston, Los Angeles, New York, San Francisco" );; line 52792 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation indonesia chief_of_mission "Ambassador Robert L. BARRY" );; line 52797 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation indonesia embassy "Medan Merdeka Selatan 5, Box 1, Jakarta" );; line 52799 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation indonesia mailing_address "APO AP 96520" );; line 52801 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation indonesia telephone "[62] (21) 360360" );; line 52803 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation indonesia fax "[62] (21) 3862259" );; line 52805 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation indonesia |consulate(s) general| "Medan, Surabaya" );; line 52807 (wfb::source-text flag indonesia "two equal horizontal bands of red (top) and white; similar to the flag of Monaco, which is shorter; also similar to the flag of Poland, which is white (top) and red" );; line 52811 (wfb::source-text overview indonesia "Indonesia is a mixed economy with some socialist institutions and central planning but with a recent emphasis on deregulation and private enterprise. Indonesia has extensive natural wealth, yet, with a large and rapidly increasing population, it remains a rather poor country. Real GDP growth in 1985-94 averaged about 6%, quite impressive, but not sufficient to both slash underemployment and absorb the 2.3 million workers annually entering the labor force. Agriculture, including forestry and fishing, is an important sector, accounting for 21% of GDP and over 50% of the labor force. The staple crop is rice. Once the world's largest rice importer, Indonesia is now nearly self-sufficient. Plantation crops - rubber and palm oil - and textiles and plywood are being encouraged for both export and job generation. Industrial output now accounts for almost 40% of GDP and is based on a supply of diverse natural resources, including crude oil, natural gas, timber, metals, and coal. Foreign investment has also boosted manufacturing output and exports in recent years. Indeed, the economy's growth is highly dependent on the continuing expansion of nonoil exports. Japan remains Indonesia's most important customer and supplier of aid. Rapid growth in the money supply in 1989-90 prompted Jakarta to implement a tight monetary policy in 1991, forcing the private sector to go to foreign banks for investment financing. Real interest rates remained above 10% and off-shore commercial debt grew. The growth in off-shore debt prompted Jakarta to limit foreign borrowing beginning in late 1991. Despite the continued problems in moving toward a more open financial system and the persistence of a fairly tight credit situation, GDP growth in 1992-94 has matched the government target of 6%-7% annual growth." );; line 52818 (wfb::source-text national_product indonesia "GDP - purchasing power parity - $619.4 billion (1994 est.)" );; line 52845 (wfb::source-text national_product_real_growth_rate indonesia "6.7% (1994 est.)" );; line 52849 (wfb::source-text national_product_per_capita indonesia "$3,090 (1994 est.)" );; line 52853 (wfb::source-text |Inflation rate (consumer prices)| indonesia "9.3% (1994 est.)" );; line 52857 (wfb::source-text unemployment_rate indonesia "3% official rate; underemployment 40% (1994 est.)" );; line 52861 (wfb::source-text budget indonesia revenues "$32.8 billion" );; line 52866 (wfb::source-text budget indonesia expenditures "$32.8 billion, including capital expenditures of $12.9 billion (FY94/95)" );; line 52868 (wfb::source-text exports indonesia "$41.3 billion (f.o.b, 1994 est.)" );; line 52873 (wfb::source-text exports indonesia commodities "manufactures 56.7%, fuels 24.8%, foodstuffs 11.1%, raw materials 7.4% (1994 est.)" );; line 52875 (wfb::source-text exports indonesia partners "Japan 30%, US 14%, Singapore 9%, South Korea 6%, Taiwan 4% (1993)" );; line 52878 (wfb::source-text imports indonesia "$31.4 billion (f.o.b., 1994 est.)" );; line 52882 (wfb::source-text imports indonesia commodities "capital equipment 44.2%, intermed and raw materials 37.0%, consumer goods 11.5%, fuels 7.2% (1994 est.)" );; line 52884 (wfb::source-text imports indonesia partners "Japan 22%, US 11%, South Korea 7%, Germany 7%, Singapore 6%, Australia 5%, Taiwan 5% (1993)" );; line 52887 (wfb::source-text external_debt indonesia "$87 billion (1994)" );; line 52892 (wfb::source-text industrial_production indonesia "growth rate 8.4% (1993 est.); accounts for 40% of GDP" );; line 52896 (wfb::source-text electricity indonesia capacity "12,100,000 kW" );; line 52901 (wfb::source-text electricity indonesia production "44 billion kWh" );; line 52903 (wfb::source-text electricity indonesia consumption_per_capita "207 kWh (1993)" );; line 52905 (wfb::source-text industry indonesia "petroleum and natural gas, textiles, mining, cement, chemical fertilizers, plywood, food, rubber" );; line 52909 (wfb::source-text agriculture indonesia "accounts for 21% of GDP; subsistence food production; small-holder and plantation production for export; main products are rice, cassava, peanuts, rubber, cocoa, coffee, palm oil, copra, other tropical products, poultry, beef, pork, eggs" );; line 52914 (wfb::source-text illicit_drugs indonesia "illicit producer of cannabis for the international drug trade, but not a major player; government actively eradicating plantings and prosecuting traffickers; growing role as transshipment point for Golden Triangle heroin; increasing indigenous methamphetamine abuse" );; line 52921 (wfb::source-text economic_aid indonesia recipient "US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-89), $4.4 billion; Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-89), $25.9 billion; OPEC bilateral aid (1979-89), $213 million; Communist countries (1970-89), $175 million" );; line 52929 (wfb::source-text currency indonesia "1 Indonesian rupiah (Rp) = 100 sen (sen no longer used)" );; line 52936 (wfb::source-text exchange_rates indonesia "Indonesian rupiahs (Rp) per US$1 - 2,203.6 (January 1995), 2,160.7 (1994), 2,087.1 (1993), 2,029.9 (1992), 1,950.3 (1991), 1,842.8 (1990)" );; line 52940 (wfb::source-text fiscal_year indonesia "1 April - 31 March" );; line 52945 (wfb::source-text railroads indonesia total "6,964 km" );; line 52951 (wfb::source-text railroads indonesia narrow_gauge "6,389 km 1.067-m gauge (101 km electrified; 101 km double track); 497 km 0.750-m gauge; 78 km 0.600-m gauge" );; line 52953 (wfb::source-text highways indonesia total "119,500 km" );; line 52959 (wfb::source-text highways indonesia paved "NA" );; line 52961 (wfb::source-text highways indonesia unpaved "NA" );; line 52963 (wfb::source-text highways indonesia undifferentiated "provincial 34,180 km; district 73,508 km; state 11,812 km" );; line 52965 (wfb::source-text inland_waterways indonesia "21,579 km total; Sumatra 5,471 km, Java and Madura 820 km, Kalimantan 10,460 km, Celebes 241 km, Irian Jaya 4,587 km" );; line 52969 (wfb::source-text pipelines indonesia "crude oil 2,505 km; petroleum products 456 km; natural gas 1,703 km (1989)" );; line 52974 (wfb::source-text port indonesia "Cilacap, Cirebon, Jakarta, Kupang, Palembang, Semarang, Surabaya, Ujungpandang" );; line 52979 (wfb::source-text merchant_marine indonesia total "438 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 1,942,527 GRT/2,818,296 DWT" );; line 52985 (wfb::source-text merchant_marine indonesia ships_by_type "bulk 26, cargo 259, chemical tanker 7, container 11, liquefied gas tanker 6, livestock carrier 1, oil tanker 85, passenger 6, passenger-cargo 12, roll-on/roll-off cargo 7, short-sea passenger 7, specialized tanker 7, vehicle carrier 4" );; line 52988 (wfb::source-text airports indonesia total "450" );; line 52996 (wfb::source-text airports indonesia |with paved runways over 3,047 m| "3" );; line 52998 (wfb::source-text airports indonesia |with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m| "10" );; line 53000 (wfb::source-text airports indonesia |with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m| "35" );; line 53002 (wfb::source-text airports indonesia |with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m| "42" );; line 53004 (wfb::source-text airports indonesia with_paved_runways_under_914_m "324" );; line 53006 (wfb::source-text airports indonesia |with unpaved runways 1,524 to 2,438 m| "4" );; line 53008 (wfb::source-text airports indonesia |with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m| "32" );; line 53010 (wfb::source-text telephone_system indonesia "763,000 telephones (1986); domestic service fair, international service good" );; line 53015 (wfb::source-text telephone_system indonesia local "NA" );; line 53018 (wfb::source-text telephone_system indonesia intercity "interisland microwave system and HF police net; 1 earth station for a domestic satellite" );; line 53020 (wfb::source-text telephone_system indonesia international "2 INTELSAT (1 Indian Ocean and 1 Pacific Ocean) earth stations" );; line 53023 (wfb::source-text radio indonesia broadcast_stations "AM 618, FM 38, shortwave 0" );; line 53028 (wfb::source-text radio indonesia radios "NA" );; line 53030 (wfb::source-text television indonesia broadcast_stations "9" );; line 53037 (wfb::source-text television indonesia televisions "NA" );; line 53039 (wfb::source-text defense_branch indonesia "Army, Navy, Air Force, National Police" );; line 53045 (wfb::source-text manpower_availability indonesia "males age 15-49 55,883,688; males fit for military service 32,952,204; males reach military age (18) annually 2,247,586 (1995 est.)" );; line 53049 (wfb::source-text defense_expenditures indonesia "exchange rate conversion - $2.4 billion, 1.5% of GNP (FY94/95)" );; line 53054 (wfb::source-text location iran "Middle East, bordering the Gulf of Oman and the Persian Gulf, between Iraq and Pakistan" );; line 53064 (wfb::source-text map_references iran "Middle East" );; line 53069 (wfb::source-text area iran total_area "1.648 million sq km" );; line 53074 (wfb::source-text area iran land_area "1.636 million sq km" );; line 53076 (wfb::source-text area iran comparative_area "slightly larger than Alaska" );; line 53078 (wfb::source-text borders iran "total 5,440 km, Afghanistan 936 km, Armenia 35 km, Azerbaijan (north) 432 km, Azerbaijan (northwest) 179 km, Iraq 1,458 km, Pakistan 909 km, Turkey 499 km, Turkmenistan 992 km" );; line 53082 (wfb::source-text coastline iran "2,440 km" );; line 53088 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims iran contiguous_zone "24 nm" );; line 53095 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims iran continental_shelf "natural prolongation" );; line 53097 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims iran exclusive_economic_zone "bilateral agreements, or median lines in the Persian Gulf" );; line 53099 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims iran territorial_sea "12 nm" );; line 53101 (wfb::source-text international_disputes iran "Iran and Iraq restored diplomatic relations in 1990 but are still trying to work out written agreements settling outstanding disputes from their eight-year war concerning border demarcation, prisoners-of-war, and freedom of navigation and sovereignty over the Shatt al Arab waterway; Iran occupies two islands in the Persian Gulf claimed by the UAE: Tunb as Sughra (Arabic), Jazireh-ye Tonb-e Kuchek (Persian) or Lesser Tunb, and Tunb al Kubra (Arabic), Jazireh-ye Tonb-e Bozorg (Persian) or Greater Tunb; it jointly administers with the UAE an island in the Persian Gulf claimed by the UAE, Abu Musa (Arabic) or Jazireh-ye Abu Musa (Persian); in 1992 the dispute over Abu Musa and the Tunb islands became more acute when Iran unilaterally tried to control the entry of third country nationals into the UAE portion of Abu Musa island, Tehran subsequently backed off in the face of significant diplomatic support for the UAE in the region, but in 1994 it increased its military presence on the disputed islands; periodic disputes with Afghanistan over Helmand water rights; Caspian Sea boundaries are not yet determined" );; line 53105 (wfb::source-text climate iran "mostly arid or semiarid, subtropical along Caspian coast" );; line 53123 (wfb::source-text terrain iran "rugged, mountainous rim; high, central basin with deserts, mountains; small, discontinuous plains along both coasts" );; line 53127 (wfb::source-text natural-resource iran "petroleum, natural gas, coal, chromium, copper, iron ore, lead, manganese, zinc, sulfur" );; line 53132 (wfb::source-text land_use iran arable_land "8%" );; line 53138 (wfb::source-text land_use iran permanent_crops "0%" );; line 53140 (wfb::source-text land_use iran meadows_and_pastures "27%" );; line 53142 (wfb::source-text land_use iran forest_and_woodland "11%" );; line 53144 (wfb::source-text land_use iran other "54%" );; line 53146 (wfb::source-text irrigated_land iran "57,500 sq km (1989 est.)" );; line 53150 (wfb::source-text environment iran current_issues "air pollution, especially in urban areas, from vehicle emissions, refinery operations, and industrial effluents; deforestation; overgrazing; desertification; oil pollution in the Persian Gulf; inadequate supplies of potable water" );; line 53155 (wfb::source-text environment iran natural_hazards "periodic droughts, floods; duststorms, sandstorms; earthquakes along the Western border" );; line 53160 (wfb::source-text environment iran international_agreements "party to - Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands; signed, but not ratified - Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Environmental Modification, Law of the Sea, Marine Life Conservation" );; line 53163 (wfb::source-text population iran "64,625,455 (July 1995 est.)" );; line 53172 (wfb::source-text age_structure iran 0-14_years "45% (female 14,113,933; male 14,995,015)" );; line 53177 (wfb::source-text age_structure iran 15-64_years "51% (female 16,237,810; male 16,803,943)" );; line 53179 (wfb::source-text age_structure iran 65_years_and_over "4% (female 1,197,869; male 1,276,885) (July 1995 est.)" );; line 53181 (wfb::source-text population_growth_rate iran "2.29% (1995 est.)" );; line 53185 (wfb::source-text birth_rate iran "34.85 births/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 53189 (wfb::source-text death_rate iran "6.85 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 53193 (wfb::source-text net_migration_rate iran "-5.11 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 53197 (wfb::source-text infant_mortality_rate iran "54.6 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.)" );; line 53201 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth iran total_population "66.97 years" );; line 53206 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth iran male "65.77 years" );; line 53208 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth iran female "68.22 years (1995 est.)" );; line 53210 (wfb::source-text total_fertility_rate iran "4.93 children born/woman (1995 est.)" );; line 53214 (wfb::source-text nationality iran noun "Iranian(s)" );; line 53219 (wfb::source-text nationality iran adjective "Iranian" );; line 53221 (wfb::source-text ethnic-entity iran "Persian 51%, Azerbaijani 24%, Gilaki and Mazandarani 8%, Kurd 7%, Arab 3%, Lur 2%, Baloch 2%, Turkmen 2%, other 1%" );; line 53225 (wfb::source-text religion iran "Shi'a Muslim 95%, Sunni Muslim 4%, Zoroastrian, Jewish, Christian, and Baha'i 1%" );; line 53230 (wfb::source-text language iran "Persian and Persian dialects 58%, Turkic and Turkic dialects 26%, Kurdish 9%, Luri 2%, Baloch 1%, Arabic 1%, Turkish 1%, other 2%" );; line 53235 (wfb::source-text literacy iran "age 15 and over can read and write (1991)" );; line 53240 (wfb::source-text literacy iran total_population "66%" );; line 53242 (wfb::source-text literacy iran male "74%" );; line 53244 (wfb::source-text literacy iran female "56%" );; line 53246 (wfb::source-text total_labor_force iran "15.4 million" );; line 53250 (wfb::source-text labor_force_by_occupation iran by_occupation "agriculture 33%, manufacturing 21%" );; line 53252 (wfb::source-text names iran conventional_long_form "Islamic Republic of Iran" );; line 53260 (wfb::source-text names iran conventional_short_form "Iran" );; line 53262 (wfb::source-text names iran local_long_form "Jomhuri-ye Eslami-ye Iran" );; line 53264 (wfb::source-text names iran local_short_form "Iran" );; line 53266 (wfb::source-text digraph iran "IR" );; line 53270 (wfb::source-text type iran "theocratic republic" );; line 53274 (wfb::source-text capital iran "Tehran" );; line 53278 (wfb::source-text administrative_divisions iran "24 provinces (ostanha, singular - ostan); Azarbayjan-e Bakhtari (West Azerbaijan), Azarbayjan-e Khavari (East Azerbaijan), Bakhtaran, Bushehr, Chahar Mahall va Bakhtiari, Esfahan, Fars, Gilan, Hamadan, Hormozgan, Ilam, Kerman, Khorasan, Khuzestan, Kohkiluyeh va Buyer Ahmadi, Kordestan, Lorestan, Markazi, Mazandaran, Semnan, Sistan va Baluchestan, Tehran, Yazd, Zanjan" );; line 53282 (wfb::source-text independence iran "1 April 1979 (Islamic Republic of Iran proclaimed)" );; line 53296 (wfb::source-text national_holiday iran "Islamic Republic Day, 1 April (1979)" );; line 53300 (wfb::source-text constitution iran "2-3 December 1979; revised 1989 to expand powers of the presidency and eliminate the prime ministership" );; line 53304 (wfb::source-text legal_system iran "the Constitution codifies Islamic principles of government" );; line 53309 (wfb::source-text suffrage iran "15 years of age; universal" );; line 53313 (wfb::source-text executive_branch iran |supreme leader (rahbar) and functional chief of state| "Leader of the Islamic Revolution Ayatollah Ali Hoseini-KHAMENEI (since 4 June 1989)" );; line 53318 (wfb::source-text executive_branch iran head_of_government "President Ali Akbar Hashemi-RAFSANJANI (since 3 August 1989); election last held June 1993 (next to be held June 1997); results - Ali Akbar Hashemi-RAFSANJANI was elected with 63% of the vote" );; line 53321 (wfb::source-text executive_branch iran cabinet "Council of Ministers; selected by the president with legislative approval" );; line 53325 (wfb::source-text legislative_structure iran "unicameral" );; line 53330 (wfb::source-text legislative_branch iran |Islamic Consultative Assembly (Majles-e-Shura-ye-Eslami)| "elections last held 8 April 1992 (next to be held April 1996); results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (270 seats total) number of seats by party NA" );; line 53332 (wfb::source-text judicial_branch iran "Supreme Court" );; line 53338 (wfb::source-text political_parties_and_leaders iran "there are at least 76 licensed parties; the three most important are - Tehran Militant Clergy Association, Mohammad Reza MAHDAVI-KANI; Militant Clerics Association, Mehdi MAHDAVI-KARUBI and Mohammad Asqar MUSAVI-KHOINIHA; Fedaiyin Islam Organization, Sadeq KHALKHALI" );; line 53342 (wfb::source-text other_political_or_pressure_groups iran "groups that generally support the Islamic Republic include Hizballah, Mojahedin of the Islamic Revolution, Muslim Students Following the Line of the Imam; armed political groups that have been almost completely repressed by the government include Mojahedin-e Khalq Organization (MEK), People's Fedayeen, Kurdish Democratic Party; the Society for the Defense of Freedom" );; line 53349 (wfb::source-text member_of iran "CCC, CP, ECO, ESCAP, FAO, G-19, G-24, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, INMARSAT, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, IOM (observer), ISO, ITU, NAM, OIC, OPEC, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WMO, WTO" );; line 53358 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us iran chief_of_mission "Iran has an Interests Section in the Pakistani Embassy in Washington, DC" );; line 53366 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us iran chancery "Iranian Interests Section, 2209 Wisconsin Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20007" );; line 53369 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us iran telephone "[1] (202) 965-4990" );; line 53372 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation iran "protecting power in Iran is Switzerland" );; line 53376 (wfb::source-text flag iran "three equal horizontal bands of green (top), white, and red; the national emblem (a stylized representation of the word Allah) in red is centered in the white band; Allah Alkbar (God is Great) in white Arabic script is repeated 11 times along the bottom edge of the green band and 11 times along the top edge of the red band" );; line 53380 (wfb::source-text overview iran "Iran's economy is a mixture of central planning, state ownership of oil and other large enterprises, village agriculture, and small-scale private trading and service ventures. Over the past several years, the government has introduced several measures to liberalize the economy and reduce government intervention, but most of these changes have moved slowly because of political opposition. Iran has faced increasingly severe financial difficulties since mid-1992 due to an import surge that began in 1989 and general financial mismanagement. At yearend 1993 the Iranian Government estimated that it owed foreign creditors about $30 billion; an estimated $8 billion of this debt was in arrears. At yearend 1994, Iran rescheduled $12 billion in debt. Earnings from oil exports - which provide 90% of Iran's export revenues - are providing less relief to Iran than usual because of reduced oil prices." );; line 53389 (wfb::source-text national_product iran "GDP - purchasing power parity - $310 billion (1994 est.)" );; line 53404 (wfb::source-text national_product_real_growth_rate iran "-2% (1994 est.)" );; line 53408 (wfb::source-text national_product_per_capita iran "$4,720 (1994 est.)" );; line 53412 (wfb::source-text |Inflation rate (consumer prices)| iran "35% (1994)" );; line 53416 (wfb::source-text unemployment_rate iran "over 30% (1994 est.)" );; line 53420 (wfb::source-text budget iran revenues "$NA" );; line 53425 (wfb::source-text budget iran expenditures "$NA, including capital expenditures of $NA" );; line 53427 (wfb::source-text exports iran "$16 billion (f.o.b., FY92/93 est.)" );; line 53431 (wfb::source-text exports iran commodities "petroleum 90%, carpets, fruits, nuts, hides" );; line 53433 (wfb::source-text exports iran partners "Japan, Italy, France, Netherlands, Belgium/Luxembourg, Spain, and Germany" );; line 53435 (wfb::source-text imports iran "$18 billion (c.i.f., FY92/93 est.)" );; line 53440 (wfb::source-text imports iran commodities "machinery, military supplies, metal works, foodstuffs, pharmaceuticals, technical services, refined oil products" );; line 53442 (wfb::source-text imports iran partners "Germany, Japan, Italy, UK, UAE" );; line 53445 (wfb::source-text external_debt iran "$30 billion (December 1993)" );; line 53449 (wfb::source-text industrial_production iran "growth rate 4.6% (1993 est.); accounts for almost 30% of GDP, including petroleum" );; line 53453 (wfb::source-text electricity iran capacity "19,080,000 kW" );; line 53459 (wfb::source-text electricity iran production "50.8 billion kWh" );; line 53461 (wfb::source-text electricity iran consumption_per_capita "745 kWh (1993)" );; line 53463 (wfb::source-text industry iran "petroleum, petrochemicals, textiles, cement and other building materials, food processing (particularly sugar refining and vegetable oil production), metal fabricating, armaments and military equipment" );; line 53467 (wfb::source-text agriculture iran "accounts for about 20% of GDP; principal products - wheat, rice, other grains, sugar beets, fruits, nuts, cotton, dairy products, wool, caviar; not self-sufficient in food" );; line 53473 (wfb::source-text illicit_drugs iran "illicit producer of opium poppy for the domestic and international drug trade; produced 35-70 metric tons in 1993; net opiate importer but also a key transshipment point for Southwest Asian heroin to Europe" );; line 53479 (wfb::source-text economic_aid iran recipient "US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-80), $1 billion; Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-89), $1.675 billion; Communist countries (1970-89), $976 million" );; line 53486 (wfb::source-text currency iran "10 Iranian rials (IR) = 1 toman; note - domestic figures are generally referred to in terms of the toman" );; line 53494 (wfb::source-text exchange_rates iran "Iranian rials (IR) per US$1 - 1,749.04 (January 1995), 1,748.75 (1994), 1,267.77 (1993), 65.552 (1992), 67.505 (1991); black market rate: 3,000 rials per US$1 (December 1994)" );; line 53499 (wfb::source-text fiscal_year iran "21 March - 20 March" );; line 53505 (wfb::source-text railroads iran total "4,850 km; note - 480 km under construction from Bafq to Bandar-e 'Abbas; segment from Bafq to Sirjan has been completed and is operational; section from Sirjan to Bandar-e 'Abbas still under construction" );; line 53511 (wfb::source-text railroads iran broad_gauge "90 km 1.676-m gauge" );; line 53515 (wfb::source-text railroads iran narrow_gauge "4,760 km 1.432-m gauge" );; line 53517 (wfb::source-text highways iran total "140,200 km" );; line 53522 (wfb::source-text highways iran paved "42,694 km" );; line 53524 (wfb::source-text highways iran unpaved "gravel, crushed stone 46,866 km; improved earth 49,440 km; unimproved earth 1,200 km" );; line 53526 (wfb::source-text inland_waterways iran "904 km; the Shatt al Arab is usually navigable by maritime traffic for about 130 km; channel has been dredged to 3 meters and is in use" );; line 53531 (wfb::source-text pipelines iran "crude oil 5,900 km; petroleum products 3,900 km; natural gas 4,550 km" );; line 53536 (wfb::source-text port iran "Abadan (largely destroyed in fighting during 1980-88 war), Ahvaz, Bandar Beheshti, Bandar-e 'Abbas, Bandar-e Anzali, Bandar-e Bushehr, Bandar-e Khomeyni, Bandar-e Mah Shahr, Bandar-e Torkeman, Jazireh-ye Khark, Jazireh-ye Lavan, Jazireh-ye Sirri, Khorramshahr (limited operation since November 1992), Now Shahr" );; line 53541 (wfb::source-text merchant_marine iran total "132 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 3,816,820 GRT/6,991,693 DWT" );; line 53550 (wfb::source-text merchant_marine iran ships_by_type "bulk 48, cargo 38, chemical tanker 5, combination bulk 2, liquefied gas tanker 1, oil tanker 26, refrigerated cargo 3, roll-on/roll-off cargo 8, short-sea passenger 1" );; line 53553 (wfb::source-text airports iran total "261" );; line 53560 (wfb::source-text airports iran |with paved runways over 3,047 m| "28" );; line 53562 (wfb::source-text airports iran |with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m| "12" );; line 53564 (wfb::source-text airports iran |with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m| "32" );; line 53566 (wfb::source-text airports iran |with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m| "20" );; line 53568 (wfb::source-text airports iran with_paved_runways_under_914_m "46" );; line 53570 (wfb::source-text airports iran |with unpaved runways over 3,047 m| "2" );; line 53572 (wfb::source-text airports iran |with unpaved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m| "2" );; line 53574 (wfb::source-text airports iran |with unpaved runways 1,524 to 2,438 m| "18" );; line 53576 (wfb::source-text airports iran |with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m| "101" );; line 53578 (wfb::source-text telephone_system iran "2,143,000 telephones; 35 telephones/1,000 persons" );; line 53583 (wfb::source-text telephone_system iran local "NA" );; line 53585 (wfb::source-text telephone_system iran intercity "microwave radio relay extends throughout country; system centered in Tehran" );; line 53587 (wfb::source-text telephone_system iran international "3 INTELSAT (2 Atlantic Ocean and 1 Indian Ocean) earth stations; HF radio and microwave radio relay to Turkey, Pakistan, Syria, Kuwait, Tajikistan, and Uzbekistan; submarine fiber optic cable to UAE" );; line 53590 (wfb::source-text radio iran broadcast_stations "AM 77, FM 3, shortwave 0" );; line 53597 (wfb::source-text radio iran radios "NA" );; line 53599 (wfb::source-text television iran broadcast_stations "28" );; line 53604 (wfb::source-text television iran televisions "NA" );; line 53606 (wfb::source-text defense_branch iran "Islamic Republic of Iran Ground Forces, Navy, Air and Air Defense Force, Revolutionary Guards (includes Basij militia with its ground, air, and naval forces), Law Enforcement Forces" );; line 53612 (wfb::source-text manpower_availability iran "males age 15-49 14,639,290; males fit for military service 8,703,732; males reach military age (21) annually 615,096 (1995 est.)" );; line 53618 (wfb::source-text defense_expenditures iran "according to official Iranian data, Iran spent 1,785 billion rials, including $808 million in hard currency, in 1992 and budgeted 2,507 billion rials, including $850 million in hard currency, for 1993" );; line 53623 (wfb::source-text location iraq "Middle East, bordering the Persian Gulf, between Iran and Kuwait" );; line 53638 (wfb::source-text map_references iraq "Middle East" );; line 53642 (wfb::source-text area iraq total_area "437,072 sq km" );; line 53647 (wfb::source-text area iraq land_area "432,162 sq km" );; line 53649 (wfb::source-text area iraq comparative_area "slightly more than twice the size of Idaho" );; line 53651 (wfb::source-text borders iraq "total 3,631 km, Iran 1,458 km, Jordan 181 km, Kuwait 242 km, Saudi Arabia 814 km, Syria 605 km, Turkey 331 km" );; line 53655 (wfb::source-text coastline iraq "58 km" );; line 53660 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims iraq continental_shelf "not specified" );; line 53665 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims iraq territorial_sea "12 nm" );; line 53667 (wfb::source-text international_disputes iraq "Iran and Iraq restored diplomatic relations in 1990 but are still trying to work out written agreements settling outstanding disputes from their eight-year war concerning border demarcation, prisoners-of-war, and freedom of navigation and sovereignty over the Shatt al Arab waterway; in November 1994, Iraq formally accepted the UN-demarcated border with Kuwait which had been spelled out in Security Council Resolutions 687 (1991), 773 (1993), and 883 (1993); this formally ends earlier claims to Kuwait and to Bubiyan and Warbah islands; potential dispute over water development plans by Turkey for the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers" );; line 53671 (wfb::source-text climate iraq "mostly desert; mild to cool winters with dry, hot, cloudless summers; northern mountainous regions along Iranian and Turkish borders experience cold winters with occasionally heavy snows which melt in early spring, sometimes causing extensive flooding in central and southern Iraq" );; line 53683 (wfb::source-text terrain iraq "mostly broad plains; reedy marshes along Iranian border in south; mountains along borders with Iran and Turkey" );; line 53690 (wfb::source-text natural-resource iraq "petroleum, natural gas, phosphates, sulfur" );; line 53695 (wfb::source-text land_use iraq arable_land "12%" );; line 53700 (wfb::source-text land_use iraq permanent_crops "1%" );; line 53702 (wfb::source-text land_use iraq meadows_and_pastures "9%" );; line 53704 (wfb::source-text land_use iraq forest_and_woodland "3%" );; line 53706 (wfb::source-text land_use iraq other "75%" );; line 53708 (wfb::source-text irrigated_land iraq "25,500 sq km (1989 est)" );; line 53712 (wfb::source-text environment iraq current_issues "government water control projects have drained most of the inhabited marsh areas west of Al Qurnah by drying up or diverting the feeder streams and rivers; a once sizable population of Shi'a Muslims, who have inhabited these areas for thousands of years, has been displaced; furthermore, the destruction of the natural habitat poses serious threats to the area's wildlife populations; inadequate supplies of potable water; development of Tigris-Euphrates Rivers system contingent upon agreements with upstream riparian Turkey; air and water pollution; soil degradation (salinization) and erosion; desertification" );; line 53717 (wfb::source-text environment iraq natural_hazards "duststorms, sandstorms, floods" );; line 53727 (wfb::source-text environment iraq international_agreements "party to - Law of the Sea, Nuclear Test Ban; signed, but not ratified - Environmental Modification" );; line 53729 (wfb::source-text population iraq "20,643,769 (July 1995 est.)" );; line 53736 (wfb::source-text age_structure iraq 0-14_years "48% (female 4,850,028; male 5,009,513)" );; line 53741 (wfb::source-text age_structure iraq 15-64_years "49% (female 5,021,710; male 5,125,191)" );; line 53743 (wfb::source-text age_structure iraq 65_years_and_over "3% (female 338,790; male 298,537) (July 1995 est.)" );; line 53745 (wfb::source-text population_growth_rate iraq "3.72% (1995 est.)" );; line 53749 (wfb::source-text birth_rate iraq "43.6 births/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 53753 (wfb::source-text death_rate iraq "6.82 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 53757 (wfb::source-text net_migration_rate iraq "0.39 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 53761 (wfb::source-text infant_mortality_rate iraq "62.4 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.)" );; line 53765 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth iraq total_population "66.52 years" );; line 53770 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth iraq male "65.54 years" );; line 53772 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth iraq female "67.56 years (1995 est.)" );; line 53774 (wfb::source-text total_fertility_rate iraq "6.56 children born/woman (1995 est.)" );; line 53778 (wfb::source-text nationality iraq noun "Iraqi(s)" );; line 53783 (wfb::source-text nationality iraq adjective "Iraqi" );; line 53785 (wfb::source-text ethnic-entity iraq "Arab 75%-80%, Kurdish 15%-20%, Turkoman, Assyrian or other 5%" );; line 53789 (wfb::source-text religion iraq "Muslim 97% (Shi'a 60%-65%, Sunni 32%-37%), Christian or other 3%" );; line 53793 (wfb::source-text language iraq "Arabic, Kurdish (official in Kurdish regions), Assyrian, Armenian" );; line 53797 (wfb::source-text literacy iraq "age 15-45 can read and write (1985)" );; line 53802 (wfb::source-text literacy iraq total_population "89%" );; line 53804 (wfb::source-text literacy iraq male "90%" );; line 53806 (wfb::source-text literacy iraq female "88%" );; line 53808 (wfb::source-text total_labor_force iraq "4.4 million (1989)" );; line 53812 (wfb::source-text labor_force_by_occupation iraq by_occupation "services 48%, agriculture 30%, industry 22%" );; line 53814 (wfb::source-text names iraq conventional_long_form "Republic of Iraq" );; line 53823 (wfb::source-text names iraq conventional_short_form "Iraq" );; line 53825 (wfb::source-text names iraq local_long_form "Al Jumhuriyah al Iraqiyah" );; line 53827 (wfb::source-text names iraq local_short_form "Al Iraq" );; line 53829 (wfb::source-text digraph iraq "IZ" );; line 53833 (wfb::source-text type iraq "republic" );; line 53837 (wfb::source-text capital iraq "Baghdad" );; line 53841 (wfb::source-text administrative_divisions iraq "18 provinces (muhafazat, singular - muhafazah); Al Anbar, Al Basrah, Al Muthanna, Al Qadisiyah, An Najaf, Arbil, As Sulaymaniyah, At Ta'mim, Babil, Baghdad, Dahuk, Dhi Qar, Diyala, Karbala', Maysan, Ninawa, Salah ad Din, Wasit" );; line 53845 (wfb::source-text independence iraq "3 October 1932 (from League of Nations mandate under British administration)" );; line 53852 (wfb::source-text national_holiday iraq "Anniversary of the Revolution, 17 July (1968)" );; line 53857 (wfb::source-text constitution iraq "22 September 1968, effective 16 July 1970 (provisional Constitution); new constitution drafted in 1990 but not adopted" );; line 53861 (wfb::source-text legal_system iraq "based on Islamic law in special religious courts, civil law system elsewhere; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction" );; line 53866 (wfb::source-text suffrage iraq "18 years of age; universal" );; line 53871 (wfb::source-text executive_branch iraq chief_of_state "President SADDAM Husayn (since 16 July 1979); Vice President Taha Muhyi al-Din MARUF (since 21 April 1974); Vice President Taha Yasin RAMADAN (since 23 March 1991)" );; line 53876 (wfb::source-text executive_branch iraq head_of_government "Prime Minister SADDAM Husayn (since NA May 1994); Deputy Prime Minister Tariq Mikhail AZIZ (since NA 1979)" );; line 53880 (wfb::source-text executive_branch iraq revolutionary_command_council "Chairman SADDAM Husayn, Vice Chairman Izzat IBRAHIM al-Duri" );; line 53883 (wfb::source-text executive_branch iraq cabinet "Council of Ministers" );; line 53885 (wfb::source-text legislative_structure iraq "unicameral" );; line 53889 (wfb::source-text legislative_branch iraq |National Assembly (Majlis al-Watani)| "elections last held on 1 April 1989 (next to be held NA); results - Sunni Arabs 53%, Shi'a Arabs 30%, Kurds 15%, Christians 2% (est.); seats - (250 total) number of seats by party NA" );; line 53891 (wfb::source-text judicial_branch iraq "Court of Cassation" );; line 53901 (wfb::source-text political_parties_and_leaders iraq "Ba'th Party" );; line 53905 (wfb::source-text other_political_or_pressure_groups iraq "political parties and activity severely restricted; opposition to regime from disaffected members of the Ba'th Party, Army officers, and Shi'a religious and ethnic Kurdish dissidents; the Green Party (government-controlled)" );; line 53909 (wfb::source-text member_of iraq "ABEDA, ACC, AFESD, AL, AMF, CAEU, CCC, ESCWA, FAO, G-19, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, INMARSAT, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, ITU, NAM, OAPEC, OIC, OPEC, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO" );; line 53915 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us iraq chief_of_mission "Iraq has an Interest Section in the Algerian Embassy in Washington, DC" );; line 53923 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us iraq chancery "Iraqi Interests Section, 1801 P Street NW, Washington, DC 20036" );; line 53926 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us iraq telephone "[1] (202) 483-7500" );; line 53928 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us iraq fax "[1] (202) 462-5066" );; line 53930 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation iraq chief_of_mission "(vacant); note - operations have been temporarily suspended; a US Interests Section is located in Poland's embassy in Baghdad" );; line 53935 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation iraq embassy "Masbah Quarter (opposite the Foreign Ministry Club), Baghdad" );; line 53938 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation iraq mailing_address "P. O. Box 2447 Alwiyah, Baghdad" );; line 53940 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation iraq telephone "[964] (1) 719-6138, 719-6139, 718-1840, 719-3791" );; line 53942 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation iraq fax "Telex 212287" );; line 53944 (wfb::source-text flag iraq "three equal horizontal bands of red (top), white, and black with three green five-pointed stars in a horizontal line centered in the white band; the phrase ALLAHU AKBAR (God is Great) in green Arabic script - Allahu to the right of the middle star and Akbar to the left of the middle star - was added in January 1991 during the Persian Gulf crisis; similar to the flag of Syria that has two stars but no script and the flag of Yemen that has a plain white band; also similar to the flag of Egypt that has a symbolic eagle centered in the white band" );; line 53948 (wfb::source-text overview iraq "The Ba'thist regime engages in extensive central planning and management of industrial production and foreign trade while leaving some small-scale industry and services and most agriculture to private enterprise. The economy has been dominated by the oil sector, which has traditionally provided about 95% of foreign exchange earnings. In the 1980s, financial problems caused by massive expenditures in the eight-year war with Iran and damage to oil export facilities by Iran, led the government to implement austerity measures and to borrow heavily and later reschedule foreign debt payments. After the end of hostilities in 1988, oil exports gradually increased with the construction of new pipelines and restoration of damaged facilities. Agricultural development remained hampered by labor shortages, salinization, and dislocations caused by previous land reform and collectivization programs. The industrial sector, although accorded high priority by the government, also was under financial constraints. Iraq's seizure of Kuwait in August 1990, subsequent international economic embargoes, and military action by an international coalition beginning in January 1991 drastically changed the economic picture. Industrial and transportation facilities, which suffered severe damage, have been partially restored. Oil exports remain at less than 5% of the previous level. Shortages of spare parts continue. Living standards deteriorated even further in 1993 and 1994; consumer prices have more than doubled in both 1993 and 1994. The UN-sponsored economic embargo has reduced exports and imports and has contributed to the sharp rise in prices. The Iraqi government has been unwilling to abide by UN resolutions so that the economic embargo can be removed. The government's policies of supporting large military and internal security forces and of allocating resources to key supporters of the regime have exacerbated shortages. In brief, per capita output in 1993-94 is far below the 1989-90 level, but no precise estimate is available." );; line 53960 (wfb::source-text national_product iraq "GDP - purchasing power parity - $NA" );; line 53990 (wfb::source-text national_product_real_growth_rate iraq "NA%" );; line 53994 (wfb::source-text national_product_per_capita iraq "$NA" );; line 53998 (wfb::source-text |Inflation rate (consumer prices)| iraq "NA%" );; line 54002 (wfb::source-text unemployment_rate iraq "NA%" );; line 54006 (wfb::source-text budget iraq revenues "$NA" );; line 54011 (wfb::source-text budget iraq expenditures "$NA, including capital expenditures of $NA" );; line 54013 (wfb::source-text exports iraq "$10.4 billion (f.o.b., 1990)" );; line 54017 (wfb::source-text exports iraq commodities "crude oil and refined products, fertilizer, sulfur" );; line 54019 (wfb::source-text exports iraq partners "US, Brazil, Turkey, Japan, Netherlands, Spain (1990)" );; line 54021 (wfb::source-text imports iraq "$6.6 billion (c.i.f., 1990)" );; line 54025 (wfb::source-text imports iraq commodities "manufactures, food" );; line 54027 (wfb::source-text imports iraq partners "Germany, US, Turkey, France, UK (1990)" );; line 54029 (wfb::source-text external_debt iraq "$50 billion (1989 est.), excluding debt of about $35 billion owed to Gulf Arab states" );; line 54033 (wfb::source-text industrial_production iraq "growth rate NA%; manufacturing accounts for 10% of GNP (1989)" );; line 54038 (wfb::source-text electricity iraq capacity "7,170,000 kW" );; line 54043 (wfb::source-text electricity iraq production "25.7 billion kWh" );; line 54045 (wfb::source-text electricity iraq consumption_per_capita "1,247 kWh (1993)" );; line 54047 (wfb::source-text industry iraq "petroleum production and refining, chemicals, textiles, construction materials, food processing" );; line 54051 (wfb::source-text agriculture iraq "accounted for 11% of GNP and 30% of labor force before the Gulf war; principal products - wheat, barley, rice, vegetables, dates, other fruit, cotton, wool; livestock - cattle, sheep; not self-sufficient in food output" );; line 54056 (wfb::source-text economic_aid iraq recipient "US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-80), $3 million; Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-89), $647 million; Communist countries (1970-89), $3.9 billion" );; line 54064 (wfb::source-text currency iraq "1 Iraqi dinar (ID) = 1,000 fils" );; line 54070 (wfb::source-text exchange_rates iraq "Iraqi dinars (ID) per US$1 - 3.2 (fixed official rate since 1982); black-market rate (March 1995) US$1 = 1200 Iraqi dinars; semi-official rate US$1 = 650 Iraqi dinars" );; line 54074 (wfb::source-text fiscal_year iraq "calendar year" );; line 54080 (wfb::source-text railroads iraq total "2,457 km" );; line 54086 (wfb::source-text railroads iraq standard_gauge "2,457 km 1.435-m gauge" );; line 54088 (wfb::source-text highways iraq total "45,550 km" );; line 54093 (wfb::source-text highways iraq paved "38,400 km" );; line 54095 (wfb::source-text highways iraq unpaved "7,150 km (1989 est.)" );; line 54097 (wfb::source-text inland_waterways iraq "1,015 km; Shatt al Arab is usually navigable by maritime traffic for about 130 km; channel has been dredged to 3 meters and is in use; Tigris and Euphrates Rivers have navigable sections for shallow-draft watercraft; Shatt al Basrah canal was navigable by shallow-draft craft before closing in 1991 because of the Persian Gulf war" );; line 54101 (wfb::source-text pipelines iraq "crude oil 4,350 km; petroleum products 725 km; natural gas 1,360 km" );; line 54109 (wfb::source-text port iraq "Umm Qasr, Khawr az Zubayr, and Al Basrah have limited functionality" );; line 54114 (wfb::source-text merchant_marine iraq total "36 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 795,346 GRT/1,431,154 DWT" );; line 54120 (wfb::source-text merchant_marine iraq ships_by_type "cargo 14, oil tanker 16, passenger 1, passenger-cargo 1, refrigerated cargo 1, roll-on/roll-off cargo 3" );; line 54122 (wfb::source-text airports iraq total "121" );; line 54128 (wfb::source-text airports iraq |with paved runways over 3,047 m| "21" );; line 54130 (wfb::source-text airports iraq |with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m| "34" );; line 54132 (wfb::source-text airports iraq |with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m| "8" );; line 54134 (wfb::source-text airports iraq |with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m| "7" );; line 54136 (wfb::source-text airports iraq with_paved_runways_under_914_m "22" );; line 54138 (wfb::source-text airports iraq |with unpaved runways over 3,047 m| "3" );; line 54140 (wfb::source-text airports iraq |with unpaved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m| "5" );; line 54142 (wfb::source-text airports iraq |with unpaved runways 1,524 to 2,438 m| "5" );; line 54144 (wfb::source-text airports iraq |with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m| "16" );; line 54146 (wfb::source-text telephone_system iraq "632,000 telephones; reconstitution of damaged telecommunication facilities began after the Gulf war; most damaged facilities have been rebuilt" );; line 54151 (wfb::source-text telephone_system iraq local "NA" );; line 54154 (wfb::source-text telephone_system iraq intercity "the network consists of coaxial cables and microwave radio relay links" );; line 54156 (wfb::source-text telephone_system iraq international "2 INTELSAT (1 Atlantic Ocean and 1 Indian Ocean), 1 GORIZONT (Atlantic Ocean) in the Intersputnik system, and 1 ARABSAT earth station; coaxial cable and microwave radio relay to Jordan, Kuwait, Syria, and Turkey; Kuwait line is probably non-operational" );; line 54159 (wfb::source-text radio iraq broadcast_stations "AM 16, FM 1, shortwave 0" );; line 54167 (wfb::source-text radio iraq radios "NA" );; line 54169 (wfb::source-text television iraq broadcast_stations "13" );; line 54174 (wfb::source-text television iraq televisions "NA" );; line 54176 (wfb::source-text defense_branch iraq "Army, Republican Guard and Special Republican Guard, Navy, Air Force, Air Defense Force, Border Guard Force, Internal Security Forces" );; line 54182 (wfb::source-text manpower_availability iraq "males age 15-49 4,626,610; males fit for military service 2,597,687; males reach military age (18) annually 229,015 (1995 est.)" );; line 54187 (wfb::source-text defense_expenditures iraq "$NA, NA% of GNP" );; line 54192 (wfb::source-text location ireland "Western Europe, occupying five-sixths of the island of Ireland in the North Atlantic Ocean, west of Great Britain" );; line 54202 (wfb::source-text map_references ireland "Europe" );; line 54207 (wfb::source-text area ireland total_area "70,280 sq km" );; line 54212 (wfb::source-text area ireland land_area "68,890 sq km" );; line 54214 (wfb::source-text area ireland comparative_area "slightly larger than West Virginia" );; line 54216 (wfb::source-text borders ireland "total 360 km, UK 360 km" );; line 54220 (wfb::source-text coastline ireland "1,448 km" );; line 54224 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims ireland continental_shelf "not specified" );; line 54229 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims ireland exclusive_fishing_zone "200 nm" );; line 54231 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims ireland territorial_sea "12 nm" );; line 54233 (wfb::source-text international_disputes ireland "Northern Ireland question with the UK; Rockall continental shelf dispute involving Denmark, Iceland, and the UK (Ireland and the UK have signed a boundary agreement in the Rockall area)" );; line 54237 (wfb::source-text climate ireland "temperate maritime; modified by North Atlantic Current; mild winters, cool summers; consistently humid; overcast about half the time" );; line 54243 (wfb::source-text terrain ireland "mostly level to rolling interior plain surrounded by rugged hills and low mountains; sea cliffs on west coast" );; line 54248 (wfb::source-text natural-resource ireland "zinc, lead, natural gas, petroleum, barite, copper, gypsum, limestone, dolomite, peat, silver" );; line 54253 (wfb::source-text land_use ireland arable_land "14%" );; line 54259 (wfb::source-text land_use ireland permanent_crops "0%" );; line 54261 (wfb::source-text land_use ireland meadows_and_pastures "71%" );; line 54263 (wfb::source-text land_use ireland forest_and_woodland "5%" );; line 54265 (wfb::source-text land_use ireland other "10%" );; line 54267 (wfb::source-text irrigated_land ireland "NA sq km" );; line 54271 (wfb::source-text environment ireland current_issues "water pollution, especially of lakes, from agricultural runoff" );; line 54276 (wfb::source-text environment ireland natural_hazards "NA" );; line 54278 (wfb::source-text environment ireland international_agreements "party to - Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Climate Change, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Marine Dumping, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Tropical Timber 83, Wetlands, Whaling; signed, but not ratified - Air Pollution-Sulphur 94, Biodiversity, Desertification, Endangered Species, Law of the Sea, Marine Life Conservation" );; line 54280 (wfb::source-text note ireland "strategic location on major air and sea routes between North America and northern Europe; over 40% of the population resides within 60 miles of Dublin" );; line 54288 (wfb::source-text population ireland "3,550,448 (July 1995 est.)" );; line 54296 (wfb::source-text age_structure ireland 0-14_years "24% (female 415,640; male 440,468)" );; line 54301 (wfb::source-text age_structure ireland 15-64_years "64% (female 1,125,638; male 1,155,823)" );; line 54303 (wfb::source-text age_structure ireland 65_years_and_over "12% (female 237,098; male 175,781) (July 1995 est.)" );; line 54305 (wfb::source-text population_growth_rate ireland "0.33% (1995 est.)" );; line 54309 (wfb::source-text birth_rate ireland "14.04 births/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 54313 (wfb::source-text death_rate ireland "8.48 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 54317 (wfb::source-text net_migration_rate ireland "-2.22 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 54321 (wfb::source-text infant_mortality_rate ireland "7.2 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.)" );; line 54325 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth ireland total_population "75.99 years" );; line 54330 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth ireland male "73.15 years" );; line 54332 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth ireland female "79 years (1995 est.)" );; line 54334 (wfb::source-text total_fertility_rate ireland "1.95 children born/woman (1995 est.)" );; line 54338 (wfb::source-text nationality ireland noun "Irishman(men), Irishwoman(men), Irish (collective plural)" );; line 54343 (wfb::source-text nationality ireland adjective "Irish" );; line 54345 (wfb::source-text ethnic-entity ireland "Celtic, English" );; line 54349 (wfb::source-text religion ireland "Roman Catholic 93%, Anglican 3%, none 1%, unknown 2%, other 1% (1981)" );; line 54353 (wfb::source-text language ireland "Irish (Gaelic), spoken mainly in areas located along the western seaboard, English is the language generally used" );; line 54358 (wfb::source-text literacy ireland "age 15 and over can read and write (1981 est.)" );; line 54363 (wfb::source-text literacy ireland total_population "98%" );; line 54365 (wfb::source-text total_labor_force ireland "1.37 million" );; line 54369 (wfb::source-text labor_force_by_occupation ireland by_occupation "services 57.0%, manufacturing and construction 28%, agriculture, forestry, and fishing 13.5%, energy and mining 1.5% (1992)" );; line 54371 (wfb::source-text names ireland conventional_long_form "none" );; line 54378 (wfb::source-text names ireland conventional_short_form "Ireland" );; line 54380 (wfb::source-text digraph ireland "EI" );; line 54384 (wfb::source-text type ireland "republic" );; line 54388 (wfb::source-text capital ireland "Dublin" );; line 54392 (wfb::source-text administrative_divisions ireland "26 counties; Carlow, Cavan, Clare, Cork, Donegal, Dublin, Galway, Kerry, Kildare, Kilkenny, Laois, Leitrim, Limerick, Longford, Louth, Mayo, Meath, Monaghan, Offaly, Roscommon, Sligo, Tipperary, Waterford, Westmeath, Wexford, Wicklow" );; line 54396 (wfb::source-text independence ireland "6 December 1921 (from UK)" );; line 54403 (wfb::source-text national_holiday ireland "Saint Patrick's Day, 17 March" );; line 54407 (wfb::source-text constitution ireland "29 December 1937; adopted 1 July 1937 by plebescite" );; line 54411 (wfb::source-text legal_system ireland "based on English common law, substantially modified by indigenous concepts; judicial review of legislative acts in Supreme Court; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction" );; line 54415 (wfb::source-text suffrage ireland "18 years of age; universal" );; line 54421 (wfb::source-text executive_branch ireland chief_of_state "President Mary Bourke ROBINSON (since 9 November 1990); election last held 9 November 1990 (next to be held November 1997); results - Mary Bourke ROBINSON 52.8%, Brian LENIHAN 47.2%" );; line 54426 (wfb::source-text executive_branch ireland head_of_government "Prime Minister John BRUTON (since 15 December 1994)" );; line 54430 (wfb::source-text executive_branch ireland cabinet "Cabinet; appointed by president with previous nomination of the prime minister and approval of the House of Representatives" );; line 54432 (wfb::source-text legislative_structure ireland "bicameral Parliament (Oireachtas)" );; line 54437 (wfb::source-text legislative_branch ireland |Senate (Seanad Eireann)| "elections last held NA February 1992 (next to be held NA February 1997); results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (60 total, 49 elected) Fianna Fail 26, Fine Gael 16, Labor 9, Progressive Democrats 2, Democratic Left 1, independents 6" );; line 54439 (wfb::source-text legislative_branch ireland |House of Representatives (Dail Eireann)| "elections last held on 25 November 1992 (next to be held by November 1997); results - Fianna Fail 39.1%, Fine Gael 24.5%, Labor Party 19.3%, Progressive Democrats 4.7%, Democratic Left 2.8%, Sinn Fein 1.6%, Workers' Party 0.7%, independents 5.9%; seats - (166 total) Fianna Fail 68, Fine Gael 45, Labor Party 33, Progressive Democrats 10 Democratic Left 4, Greens 1, independents 5" );; line 54444 (wfb::source-text judicial_branch ireland "Supreme Court" );; line 54453 (wfb::source-text political_parties_and_leaders ireland "Democratic Left, Proinsias DE ROSSA; Fianna Fail, Bertie AHERN; Labor Party, Richard SPRING; Fine Gael, John BRUTON; Communist Party of Ireland, Michael O'RIORDAN; Sinn Fein, Gerry ADAMS; Progressive Democrats, Desmond O'MALLEY; The Workers' Party, Marion DONNELLY; Green Alliance, Bronwen MAHER" );; line 54457 (wfb::source-text member_of ireland "Australia Group, BIS, CCC, CE, EBRD, EC, ECE, EIB, ESA, FAO, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, ISO, ITU, MINURSO, MTCR, NEA, NSG, OECD, ONUSAL, OSCE, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNFICYP, UNIDO, UNIFIL, UNIKOM, UNOMOZ, UNOSOM, UNPROFOR, UNTSO, UPU, WEU (observer), WHO, WIPO, WMO, ZC" );; line 54468 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us ireland chief_of_mission "Ambassador Dermot A. GALLAGHER" );; line 54477 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us ireland chancery "2234 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008" );; line 54479 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us ireland telephone "[1] (202) 462-3939" );; line 54481 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us ireland |consulate(s) general| "Boston, Chicago, New York, and San Francisco" );; line 54483 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation ireland chief_of_mission "Ambassador Jean Kennedy SMITH" );; line 54488 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation ireland embassy "42 Elgin Road, Ballsbridge, Dublin" );; line 54490 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation ireland mailing_address "use embassy street address" );; line 54492 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation ireland telephone "[353] (1) 6687122" );; line 54494 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation ireland fax "[353] (1) 6689946" );; line 54496 (wfb::source-text flag ireland "three equal vertical bands of green (hoist side), white, and orange; similar to the flag of the Cote d'Ivoire, which is shorter and has the colors reversed - orange (hoist side), white, and green; also similar to the flag of Italy, which is shorter and has colors of green (hoist side), white, and red" );; line 54500 (wfb::source-text overview ireland "The economy is small and trade dependent. Agriculture, once the most important sector, is now dwarfed by industry, which accounts for 37% of GDP, about 80% of exports, and employs 28% of the labor force. Although exports remain the primary engine for Ireland's robust growth, the economy is also benefiting from a rise in consumer spending and recovery in both construction and business investment. Ireland has substantially reduced its external debt since 1987, to 40% of GDP in 1994. Over the same period, inflation has fallen sharply and chronic trade deficits have been transformed into annual surpluses. Unemployment remains a serious problem, however, and job creation is the main focus of government policy. To ease unemployment, Dublin aggressively courts foreign investors and recently created a new industrial development agency to aid small indigenous firms. Government assistance is constrained by Dublin's continuing deficit reduction measures." );; line 54509 (wfb::source-text national_product ireland "GDP - purchasing power parity - $49.8 billion (1994 est.)" );; line 54525 (wfb::source-text national_product_real_growth_rate ireland "5.5% (1994 est.)" );; line 54529 (wfb::source-text national_product_per_capita ireland "$14,060 (1994 est.)" );; line 54533 (wfb::source-text |Inflation rate (consumer prices)| ireland "2.7% (1994 est.)" );; line 54537 (wfb::source-text unemployment_rate ireland "16% (1994 est.)" );; line 54541 (wfb::source-text budget ireland revenues "$16 billion" );; line 54546 (wfb::source-text budget ireland expenditures "$16.6 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA (1994)" );; line 54548 (wfb::source-text exports ireland "$28 billion (f.o.b., 1994 est.)" );; line 54552 (wfb::source-text exports ireland commodities "chemicals, data processing equipment, industrial machinery, live animals, animal products" );; line 54554 (wfb::source-text exports ireland partners "EU 75% (UK 32%, Germany 13%, France 10%), US 9%" );; line 54557 (wfb::source-text imports ireland "$26 billion (c.i.f., 1994 est.)" );; line 54561 (wfb::source-text imports ireland commodities "food, animal feed, data processing equipment, petroleum and petroleum products, machinery, textiles, clothing" );; line 54563 (wfb::source-text imports ireland partners "EU 66% (UK 41%, Germany 8%, France 4%), US 15%" );; line 54566 (wfb::source-text external_debt ireland "$20 billion (1994 est.)" );; line 54570 (wfb::source-text industrial_production ireland "growth rate 8.5% (1994 est.); accounts for 37% of GDP" );; line 54574 (wfb::source-text electricity ireland capacity "3,930,000 kW" );; line 54579 (wfb::source-text electricity ireland production "14.9 billion kWh" );; line 54581 (wfb::source-text electricity ireland consumption_per_capita "3,938 kWh (1993)" );; line 54583 (wfb::source-text industry ireland "food products, brewing, textiles, clothing, chemicals, pharmaceuticals, machinery, transportation equipment, glass and crystal" );; line 54587 (wfb::source-text agriculture ireland "accounts for 10% of GDP; principal crops - turnips, barley, potatoes, sugar beets, wheat; livestock - meat and dairy products; 85% self-sufficient in food; food shortages include bread grain, fruits, vegetables" );; line 54592 (wfb::source-text illicit_drugs ireland "transshipment point for hashish from North Africa to the UK and Netherlands" );; line 54598 (wfb::source-text economic_aid ireland donor "ODA commitments (1980-89), $90 million" );; line 54604 (wfb::source-text currency ireland "1 Irish pound (#Ir) = 100 pence" );; line 54608 (wfb::source-text exchange_rates ireland "Irish pounds (#Ir) per US$1 - 0.6420 (January 1995), 0.6676 (1994), 0.6816 (1993), 0.5864 (1992), 0.6190 (1991), 0.6030 (1990)" );; line 54612 (wfb::source-text fiscal_year ireland "calendar year" );; line 54617 (wfb::source-text railroads ireland total "1,947 km" );; line 54623 (wfb::source-text railroads ireland broad_gauge "1,947 km 1.600-m gauge (36 km electrified; 485 km double track)" );; line 54625 (wfb::source-text highways ireland total "92,327 km" );; line 54630 (wfb::source-text highways ireland paved "86,787 km (32 km of expressways)" );; line 54632 (wfb::source-text highways ireland unpaved "gravel, crushed stone 5,540 km (1992)" );; line 54634 (wfb::source-text inland_waterways ireland "limited for commercial traffic" );; line 54638 (wfb::source-text pipelines ireland "natural gas 225 km" );; line 54642 (wfb::source-text port ireland "Arklow, Cork, Drogheda, Dublin, Foynes, Galway, Limerick, New Ross, Waterford" );; line 54646 (wfb::source-text merchant_marine ireland total "47 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 129,996 GRT/160,419 DWT" );; line 54652 (wfb::source-text merchant_marine ireland ships_by_type "bulk 4, cargo 33, chemical tanker 2, container 2, oil tanker 1, short-sea passenger 3, specialized tanker 2" );; line 54654 (wfb::source-text airports ireland total "44" );; line 54660 (wfb::source-text airports ireland |with paved runways over 3,047 m| "1" );; line 54662 (wfb::source-text airports ireland |with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m| "1" );; line 54664 (wfb::source-text airports ireland |with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m| "4" );; line 54666 (wfb::source-text airports ireland |with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m| "2" );; line 54668 (wfb::source-text airports ireland with_paved_runways_under_914_m "32" );; line 54670 (wfb::source-text airports ireland |with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m| "4" );; line 54672 (wfb::source-text telephone_system ireland "900,000 telephones; modern digital system using cable and microwave radio relay" );; line 54677 (wfb::source-text telephone_system ireland local "NA" );; line 54680 (wfb::source-text telephone_system ireland intercity "microwave radio relay" );; line 54682 (wfb::source-text telephone_system ireland international "1 INTELSAT (Atlantic Ocean) earth station" );; line 54684 (wfb::source-text radio ireland broadcast_stations "AM 9, FM 45, shortwave 0" );; line 54689 (wfb::source-text radio ireland radios "NA" );; line 54691 (wfb::source-text television ireland broadcast_stations "86" );; line 54696 (wfb::source-text television ireland televisions "NA" );; line 54698 (wfb::source-text defense_branch ireland "Army (includes Naval Service and Air Corps), National Police (Garda Siochana)" );; line 54704 (wfb::source-text manpower_availability ireland "males age 15-49 926,831; males fit for military service 749,646; males reach military age (17) annually 34,215 (1995 est.)" );; line 54709 (wfb::source-text defense_expenditures ireland "exchange rate conversion - $500 million, 1.3% of GDP (1994)" );; line 54714 (wfb::source-text location israel "Middle East, bordering the Mediterranean Sea, between Egypt and Lebanon" );; line 54732 (wfb::source-text map_references israel "Middle East" );; line 54737 (wfb::source-text area israel total_area "20,770 sq km" );; line 54742 (wfb::source-text area israel land_area "20,330 sq km" );; line 54744 (wfb::source-text area israel comparative_area "slightly larger than New Jersey" );; line 54746 (wfb::source-text borders israel "total 1,006 km, Egypt 255 km, Gaza Strip 51 km, Jordan 238 km, Lebanon 79 km, Syria 76 km, West Bank 307 km" );; line 54750 (wfb::source-text coastline israel "273 km" );; line 54755 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims israel continental_shelf "to depth of exploitation" );; line 54760 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims israel territorial_sea "12 nm" );; line 54762 (wfb::source-text international_disputes israel "separated from Lebanon, Syria, and the West Bank by the 1949 Armistice Line; the Gaza Strip and Jericho area, formerly occupied by Israel, are now administered largely by the Palestinian Authority; other areas of the West Bank outside Jericho are administered jointly by Israel and the Palestinian Authority; Golan Heights is Israeli occupied; Israeli troops in southern Lebanon since June 1982" );; line 54766 (wfb::source-text climate israel "temperate; hot and dry in southern and eastern desert areas" );; line 54775 (wfb::source-text terrain israel "Negev desert in the south; low coastal plain; central mountains; Jordan Rift Valley" );; line 54779 (wfb::source-text natural-resource israel "copper, phosphates, bromide, potash, clay, sand, sulfur, asphalt, manganese, small amounts of natural gas and crude oil" );; line 54784 (wfb::source-text land_use israel arable_land "17%" );; line 54790 (wfb::source-text land_use israel permanent_crops "5%" );; line 54792 (wfb::source-text land_use israel meadows_and_pastures "40%" );; line 54794 (wfb::source-text land_use israel forest_and_woodland "6%" );; line 54796 (wfb::source-text land_use israel other "32%" );; line 54798 (wfb::source-text irrigated_land israel "2,140 sq km (1989)" );; line 54802 (wfb::source-text environment israel current_issues "limited arable land and natural fresh water resources pose serious constraints; desertification; air pollution from industrial and vehicle emissions; groundwater pollution from industrial and domestic waste, chemical fertilizers, and pesticides" );; line 54807 (wfb::source-text environment israel natural_hazards "sandstorms may occur during spring and summer" );; line 54812 (wfb::source-text environment israel international_agreements "party to - Biodiversity, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution; signed, but not ratified - Climate Change, Desertification, Marine Life Conservation" );; line 54814 (wfb::source-text note israel "there are 199 Jewish settlements and civilian land use sites in the West Bank, 42 in the Israeli-occupied Golan Heights, 24 in the Gaza Strip, and 25 in East Jerusalem (August 1994 est.)" );; line 54820 (wfb::source-text population israel "5,433,134 (July 1995 est.)" );; line 54828 (wfb::source-text age_structure israel 0-14_years "29%" );; line 54837 (wfb::source-text age_structure israel 15-64_years "61%" );; line 54839 (wfb::source-text age_structure israel 65_years_and_over "10%" );; line 54841 (wfb::source-text population_growth_rate israel "1.4% (1995 est.)" );; line 54845 (wfb::source-text birth_rate israel "20.39 births/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 54849 (wfb::source-text death_rate israel "6.38 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 54853 (wfb::source-text net_migration_rate israel "0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 54857 (wfb::source-text infant_mortality_rate israel "8.4 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.)" );; line 54861 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth israel total_population "78.14 years" );; line 54866 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth israel male "76 years" );; line 54868 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth israel female "80.39 years (1995 est.)" );; line 54870 (wfb::source-text total_fertility_rate israel "2.81 children born/woman (1995 est.)" );; line 54874 (wfb::source-text nationality israel noun "Israeli(s)" );; line 54879 (wfb::source-text nationality israel adjective "Israeli" );; line 54881 (wfb::source-text ethnic-entity israel "Jewish 82% (Israel born 50%, Europe/Americas/Oceania born 20%, Africa born 7%, Asia born 5%), non-Jewish 18% (mostly Arab) (1993 est.)" );; line 54885 (wfb::source-text religion israel "Judaism 82%, Islam 14% (mostly Sunni Muslim), Christian 2%, Druze and other 2%" );; line 54890 (wfb::source-text language israel "Hebrew (official), Arabic used officially for Arab minority, English most commonly used foreign language" );; line 54895 (wfb::source-text literacy israel "age 15 and over can read and write (1992)" );; line 54900 (wfb::source-text literacy israel total_population "95%" );; line 54902 (wfb::source-text literacy israel male "97%" );; line 54904 (wfb::source-text literacy israel female "93%" );; line 54906 (wfb::source-text total_labor_force israel "1.9 million (1992)" );; line 54910 (wfb::source-text labor_force_by_occupation israel by_occupation "public services 29.3%, industry 22.1%, commerce 13.9%, finance and business 10.4%, personal and other services 7.4%, construction 6.5%, transport, storage, and communications 6.3%, agriculture, forestry, and fishing 3.5%, other 0.6% (1992)" );; line 54912 (wfb::source-text names israel conventional_long_form "State of Israel" );; line 54921 (wfb::source-text names israel conventional_short_form "Israel" );; line 54923 (wfb::source-text names israel local_long_form "Medinat Yisra'el" );; line 54925 (wfb::source-text names israel local_short_form "Yisra'el" );; line 54927 (wfb::source-text digraph israel "IS" );; line 54931 (wfb::source-text type israel "republic" );; line 54935 (wfb::source-text capital israel "Jerusalem" );; line 54939 (wfb::source-text administrative_divisions israel "6 districts (mehozot, singular - mehoz); Central, Haifa, Jerusalem, Northern, Southern, Tel Aviv" );; line 54947 (wfb::source-text independence israel "14 May 1948 (from League of Nations mandate under British administration)" );; line 54952 (wfb::source-text national_holiday israel "Independence Day, 14 May 1948 (Israel declared independence on 14 May 1948, but the Jewish calendar is lunar and the holiday may occur in April or May)" );; line 54957 (wfb::source-text constitution israel "no formal constitution; some of the functions of a constitution are filled by the Declaration of Establishment (1948), the basic laws of the parliament (Knesset), and the Israeli citizenship law" );; line 54963 (wfb::source-text legal_system israel "mixture of English common law, British Mandate regulations, and, in personal matters, Jewish, Christian, and Muslim legal systems; in December 1985, Israel informed the UN Secretariat that it would no longer accept compulsory ICJ jurisdiction" );; line 54969 (wfb::source-text suffrage israel "18 years of age; universal" );; line 54976 (wfb::source-text executive_branch israel chief_of_state "President Ezer WEIZMAN (since 13 May 1993) election last held 24 March 1993 (next to be held NA March 1999); results - Ezer WEIZMAN elected by Knesset" );; line 54981 (wfb::source-text executive_branch israel head_of_government "Prime Minister Yitzhak RABIN (since NA July 1992)" );; line 54985 (wfb::source-text executive_branch israel cabinet "Cabinet; selected from and approved by the Knesset" );; line 54987 (wfb::source-text legislative_structure israel "unicameral" );; line 54991 (wfb::source-text legislative_branch israel |parliament (Knesset)| "elections last held NA June 1992 (next to be held by NA 1996); results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (120 total) Labor 44, Likud 32, MERETZ 12, Tzomet 8, National Religious Party 6, SHAS 6, United Torah Jewry 4, Democratic Front for Peace and Equality (Hadash) 3, Moledet 3, Arab Democratic Party 2; note - in 1994 four legislators broke party ranks, resulting in the following new distribution of seats - Labor Party 44, Likud bloc 32, MERETZ 12, National Religious Party 6, SHAS 6, Tzomet 5, United Torah Jewry 4, Democratic Front for Peace and Equality (Hadash) 3, Moledet 2, Arab Democratic Party 2, independents 4 (1 in coalition, 3 voting with opposition)" );; line 54993 (wfb::source-text judicial_branch israel "Supreme Court" );; line 55005 (wfb::source-text political_parties_and_leaders israel members_of_the_government "Labor Party, Prime Minister Yitzhak RABIN; MERETZ, Minister of Communications Shulamit ALONI; independent, Gonen SEGEV" );; line 55010 (wfb::source-text political_parties_and_leaders israel |not in coalition, but voting with the government| "Democratic Front for Peace and Equality (Hadash), Hashim MAHAMID; Arab Democratic Party, Abd al Wahab DARAWSHAH" );; line 55013 (wfb::source-text political_parties_and_leaders israel opposition_parties "Likud Party, Binyamin NETANYAHU; Tzomet, Rafael EITAN; National Religious Party, Zevulun HAMMER; United Torah Jewry, Avraham SHAPIRA; Moledet, Rehavam ZEEVI; Peace Guard (independent), Shaul GUTMAN; SHAS, Arieh DERI" );; line 55016 (wfb::source-text other_political_or_pressure_groups israel "Gush Emunim, Israeli nationalists advocating Jewish settlement on the West Bank and Gaza Strip; Peace Now supports territorial concessions in the West Bank and is critical of government's Lebanon policy" );; line 55025 (wfb::source-text member_of israel "AG (observer), CCC, CE (observer), CERN (observer), EBRD, ECE, FAO, GATT, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, IDA, IFAD, IFC, ILO, IMF, IMO, INMARSAT, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, OAS (observer), PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO" );; line 55031 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us israel chief_of_mission "Ambassador Itamar RABINOVICH" );; line 55039 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us israel chancery "3514 International Drive NW, Washington, DC 20008" );; line 55041 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us israel telephone "[1] (202) 364-5500" );; line 55043 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us israel fax "[1] (202) 364-5610" );; line 55045 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us israel |consulate(s) general| "Atlanta, Boston, Chicago, Houston, Los Angeles, Miami, New York, Philadelphia, and San Francisco" );; line 55047 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation israel chief_of_mission "Ambassador Martin INDYK" );; line 55053 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation israel embassy "71 Hayarkon Street, Tel Aviv" );; line 55055 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation israel mailing_address "PSC 98, Box 100, Tel Aviv; APO AE 09830" );; line 55057 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation israel telephone "[972] (3) 517-4338" );; line 55059 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation israel fax "[972] (3) 663-449" );; line 55061 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation israel |consulate(s) general| "Jerusalem" );; line 55063 (wfb::source-text flag israel "white with a blue hexagram (six-pointed linear star) known as the Magen David (Shield of David) centered between two equal horizontal blue bands near the top and bottom edges of the flag" );; line 55067 (wfb::source-text overview israel "Israel has a market economy with substantial government participation. It depends on imports of crude oil, grains, raw materials, and military equipment. Despite limited natural resources, Israel has intensively developed its agricultural and industrial sectors over the past 20 years. Industry employs about 22% of Israeli workers, construction 6.5%, agriculture, forestry, and fishing 3.5%, and services most of the rest. Israel is largely self-sufficient in food production except for grains. Diamonds, high-technology equipment, and agricultural products (fruits and vegetables) are leading exports. Israel usually posts current account deficits, which are covered by large transfer payments from abroad and by foreign loans. Roughly half of the government's external debt is owed to the United States, which is its major source of economic and military aid. To earn needed foreign exchange, Israel has been targeting high-technology niches in international markets, such as medical scanning equipment. The influx of Jewish immigrants from the former USSR, which topped 450,000 during the period 1990-94, increased unemployment, intensified housing problems, and strained the government budget. At the same time, the immigrants bring to the economy valuable scientific and professional expertise." );; line 55074 (wfb::source-text national_product israel "GDP - purchasing power parity - $70.1 billion (1994 est.)" );; line 55095 (wfb::source-text national_product_real_growth_rate israel "6.8% (1994 est.)" );; line 55099 (wfb::source-text national_product_per_capita israel "$13,880 (1994 est.)" );; line 55103 (wfb::source-text |Inflation rate (consumer prices)| israel "14.5% (1994)" );; line 55107 (wfb::source-text unemployment_rate israel "7.5% (1994 est.)" );; line 55111 (wfb::source-text budget israel revenues "$42.3 billion" );; line 55116 (wfb::source-text budget israel expenditures "$45.4 billion, including capital expenditures of $11.1 billion (FY92/93)" );; line 55118 (wfb::source-text exports israel "$16.2 billion (f.o.b., 1994 est.)" );; line 55123 (wfb::source-text exports israel commodities "machinery and equipment, cut diamonds, chemicals, textiles and apparel, agricultural products, metals" );; line 55125 (wfb::source-text exports israel partners "US, EU, Japan" );; line 55128 (wfb::source-text imports israel "$22.5 billion (c.i.f., 1994 est.)" );; line 55132 (wfb::source-text imports israel commodities "military equipment, investment goods, rough diamonds, oil, other productive inputs, consumer goods" );; line 55134 (wfb::source-text imports israel partners "EU, US, Japan" );; line 55137 (wfb::source-text external_debt israel "$25.9 billion (November 1994 est.)" );; line 55141 (wfb::source-text industrial_production israel "growth rate 8% (1994 est.); accounts for about 30% of GDP" );; line 55145 (wfb::source-text electricity israel capacity "4,140,000 kW" );; line 55150 (wfb::source-text electricity israel production "23 billion kWh" );; line 55152 (wfb::source-text electricity israel consumption_per_capita "4,290 kWh (1993)" );; line 55154 (wfb::source-text industry israel "food processing, diamond cutting and polishing, textiles and apparel, chemicals, metal products, military equipment, transport equipment, electrical equipment, miscellaneous machinery, potash mining, high-technology electronics, tourism" );; line 55158 (wfb::source-text agriculture israel "citrus and other fruits, vegetables, cotton; beef, poultry, dairy products" );; line 55165 (wfb::source-text illicit_drugs israel "increasingly concerned about cocaine and heroin abuse and trafficking" );; line 55170 (wfb::source-text economic_aid israel recipient "US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-90), $18.2 billion; Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-89), $2.8 billion" );; line 55176 (wfb::source-text currency israel "1 new Israeli shekel (NIS) = 100 new agorot" );; line 55181 (wfb::source-text exchange_rates israel "new Israeli shekels (NIS) per US$1 - 3.070 (December 1994), 3.0111 (1994), 2.8301 (1993), 2.4591 (1992), 2.2791 (1991), 2.0162 (1990), 1.9164 (1989)" );; line 55185 (wfb::source-text fiscal_year israel "calendar year (since 1 January 1992)" );; line 55191 (wfb::source-text railroads israel total "520 km (diesel operated; single track)" );; line 55197 (wfb::source-text railroads israel standard_gauge "520 km 1.435-m gauge" );; line 55199 (wfb::source-text highways israel total "13,461 km" );; line 55204 (wfb::source-text highways israel paved "13,461 km" );; line 55206 (wfb::source-text pipelines israel "crude oil 708 km; petroleum products 290 km; natural gas 89 km" );; line 55210 (wfb::source-text port israel "Ashdod, Ashqelon, Elat, Hadera, Haifa, Tel Aviv-Yafo" );; line 55214 (wfb::source-text merchant_marine israel total "32 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 624,861 GRT/720,765 DWT" );; line 55219 (wfb::source-text merchant_marine israel ships_by_type "cargo 7, container 22, refrigerated cargo 2, roll-on/roll-off cargo 1" );; line 55221 (wfb::source-text airports israel total "57" );; line 55227 (wfb::source-text airports israel |with paved runways over 3,047 m| "2" );; line 55229 (wfb::source-text airports israel |with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m| "6" );; line 55231 (wfb::source-text airports israel |with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m| "8" );; line 55233 (wfb::source-text airports israel |with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m| "7" );; line 55235 (wfb::source-text airports israel with_paved_runways_under_914_m "31" );; line 55237 (wfb::source-text airports israel |with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m| "3" );; line 55239 (wfb::source-text telephone_system israel "1,800,000 telephones; most highly developed in the Middle East although not the largest" );; line 55244 (wfb::source-text telephone_system israel local "NA" );; line 55247 (wfb::source-text telephone_system israel intercity "good system of coaxial cable and microwave radio relay" );; line 55249 (wfb::source-text telephone_system israel international "3 submarine cables; 3 INTELSAT (2 Atlantic Ocean and 1 Indian Ocean) earth stations" );; line 55251 (wfb::source-text radio israel broadcast_stations "AM 9, FM 45, shortwave 0" );; line 55257 (wfb::source-text radio israel radios "NA" );; line 55259 (wfb::source-text television israel broadcast_stations "20" );; line 55264 (wfb::source-text television israel televisions "NA" );; line 55266 (wfb::source-text defense_branch israel "Israel Defense Forces (includes ground, naval, and air components), Pioneer Fighting Youth (Nahal), Frontier Guard, Chen (women); note - historically there have been no separate Israeli military services" );; line 55272 (wfb::source-text manpower_availability israel "males age 15-49 1,309,502; females age 15-49 1,283,923; males fit for military service 1,072,501; females fit for military service 1,047,575; males reach military age (18) annually 47,950; females reach military age (18) annually 45,839 (1995 est.)" );; line 55278 (wfb::source-text defense_expenditures israel "exchange rate conversion - $6.5 billion, about 10% of GDP (1995)" );; line 55287 (wfb::source-text location italy "Southern Europe, a peninsula extending into the central Mediterranean Sea, northeast of Tunisia" );; line 55297 (wfb::source-text map_references italy "Europe" );; line 55302 (wfb::source-text area italy total_area "301,230 sq km" );; line 55307 (wfb::source-text area italy land_area "294,020 sq km" );; line 55309 (wfb::source-text area italy comparative_area "slightly larger than Arizona" );; line 55311 (wfb::source-text borders italy "total 1,899.2 km, Austria 430 km, France 488 km, Holy See (Vatican City) 3.2 km, San Marino 39 km, Slovenia 199 km, Switzerland 740 km" );; line 55317 (wfb::source-text coastline italy "4,996 km" );; line 55322 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims italy continental_shelf "200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation" );; line 55327 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims italy territorial_sea "12 nm" );; line 55329 (wfb::source-text international_disputes italy "none" );; line 55333 (wfb::source-text climate italy "predominantly Mediterranean; Alpine in far north; hot, dry in south" );; line 55337 (wfb::source-text terrain italy "mostly rugged and mountainous; some plains, coastal lowlands" );; line 55342 (wfb::source-text natural-resource italy "mercury, potash, marble, sulfur, dwindling natural gas and crude oil reserves, fish, coal" );; line 55346 (wfb::source-text land_use italy arable_land "32%" );; line 55352 (wfb::source-text land_use italy permanent_crops "10%" );; line 55354 (wfb::source-text land_use italy meadows_and_pastures "17%" );; line 55356 (wfb::source-text land_use italy forest_and_woodland "22%" );; line 55358 (wfb::source-text land_use italy other "19%" );; line 55360 (wfb::source-text irrigated_land italy "31,000 sq km (1989 est.)" );; line 55364 (wfb::source-text environment italy current_issues "air pollution from industrial emissions such as sulfur dioxide; coastal and inland rivers polluted from industrial and agricultural effluents; acid rain damaging lakes; inadequate industrial waste treatment and disposal facilities" );; line 55369 (wfb::source-text environment italy natural_hazards "regional risks include landslides, mudflows, avalanches, earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, flooding; land subsidence in Venice" );; line 55374 (wfb::source-text environment italy international_agreements "party to - Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Sulphur 85, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Wetlands; signed, but not ratified - Air Pollution-Sulphur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Desertification" );; line 55377 (wfb::source-text note italy "strategic location dominating central Mediterranean as well as southern sea and air approaches to Western Europe" );; line 55386 (wfb::source-text population italy "58,261,971 (July 1995 est.)" );; line 55393 (wfb::source-text age_structure italy 0-14_years "15% (female 4,352,325; male 4,603,083)" );; line 55398 (wfb::source-text age_structure italy 15-64_years "68% (female 19,969,086; male 19,874,528)" );; line 55400 (wfb::source-text age_structure italy 65_years_and_over "17% (female 5,630,747; male 3,832,202) (July 1995 est.)" );; line 55402 (wfb::source-text population_growth_rate italy "0.21% (1995 est.)" );; line 55406 (wfb::source-text birth_rate italy "10.89 births/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 55410 (wfb::source-text death_rate italy "9.78 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 55414 (wfb::source-text net_migration_rate italy "1.03 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 55418 (wfb::source-text infant_mortality_rate italy "7.4 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.)" );; line 55422 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth italy total_population "77.85 years" );; line 55427 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth italy male "74.67 years" );; line 55429 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth italy female "81.23 years (1995 est.)" );; line 55431 (wfb::source-text total_fertility_rate italy "1.41 children born/woman (1995 est.)" );; line 55435 (wfb::source-text nationality italy noun "Italian(s)" );; line 55440 (wfb::source-text nationality italy adjective "Italian" );; line 55442 (wfb::source-text ethnic-entity italy "Italian (includes small clusters of German-, French-, and Slovene-Italians in the north and Albanian-Italians and Greek-Italians in the south), Sicilians, Sardinians" );; line 55446 (wfb::source-text religion italy "Roman Catholic 98%, other 2%" );; line 55452 (wfb::source-text language italy "Italian, German (parts of Trentino-Alto Adige region are predominantly German speaking), French (small French-speaking minority in Valle d'Aosta region), Slovene (Slovene-speaking minority in the Trieste-Gorizia area)" );; line 55456 (wfb::source-text literacy italy "age 15 and over can read and write (1990 est.)" );; line 55463 (wfb::source-text literacy italy total_population "97%" );; line 55465 (wfb::source-text literacy italy male "98%" );; line 55467 (wfb::source-text literacy italy female "96%" );; line 55469 (wfb::source-text total_labor_force italy "23.988 million" );; line 55473 (wfb::source-text labor_force_by_occupation italy by_occupation "services 58%, industry 32.2%, agriculture 9.8% (1988)" );; line 55475 (wfb::source-text names italy conventional_long_form "Italian Republic" );; line 55481 (wfb::source-text names italy conventional_short_form "Italy" );; line 55483 (wfb::source-text names italy local_long_form "Repubblica Italiana" );; line 55485 (wfb::source-text names italy local_short_form "Italia" );; line 55487 (wfb::source-text names italy former "Kingdom of Italy" );; line 55489 (wfb::source-text digraph italy "IT" );; line 55493 (wfb::source-text type italy "republic" );; line 55497 (wfb::source-text capital italy "Rome" );; line 55501 (wfb::source-text administrative_divisions italy "20 regions (regioni, singular - regione); Abruzzi, Basilicata, Calabria, Campania, Emilia-Romagna, Friuli-Venezia Giulia, Lazio, Liguria, Lombardia, Marche, Molise, Piemonte, Puglia, Sardegna, Sicilia, Toscana, Trentino-Alto Adige, Umbria, Valle d'Aosta, Veneto" );; line 55505 (wfb::source-text independence italy "17 March 1861 (Kingdom of Italy proclaimed)" );; line 55512 (wfb::source-text national_holiday italy "Anniversary of the Republic, 2 June (1946)" );; line 55516 (wfb::source-text constitution italy "1 January 1948" );; line 55520 (wfb::source-text legal_system italy "based on civil law system, with ecclesiastical law influence; appeals treated as trials de novo; judicial review under certain conditions in Constitutional Court; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction" );; line 55524 (wfb::source-text suffrage italy "18 years of age; universal (except in senatorial elections, where minimum age is 25)" );; line 55530 (wfb::source-text executive_branch italy chief_of_state "President Oscar Luigi SCALFARO (since 28 May 1992)" );; line 55536 (wfb::source-text executive_branch italy head_of_government "Prime Minister (referred to in Italy as the President of the Council of Ministers) Lamberto DINI (since 1 February 1995)" );; line 55538 (wfb::source-text executive_branch italy cabinet "Council of Ministers; nominated by the President of the Council (i.e., Prime Minister) and approved by the President of the Republic" );; line 55541 (wfb::source-text legislative_structure italy "bicameral Parliament (Parlamento)" );; line 55546 (wfb::source-text legislative_branch italy |Senate (Senato della Repubblica)| "elections last held 27-28 March 1994 (next must be held by spring 1999, but may be held by end of 1995); results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (326 total, 315 elected, 11 appointed senators-for-life) PDS 61, Northern League 60, National Alliance 48, Forza Italia 36, Italian Popular Party 31, Communist Refoundation 18, Greens and The Network 13, Italian Socialists 13, Christian Democratic Center 12, Democratic Alliance 8, Christian Socialists 5, Pact for Italy 4, Radical Party (Pannella List) 1, others 5" );; line 55548 (wfb::source-text legislative_branch italy |Chamber of Deputies (Camera dei Deputati)| "elections last held 27-28 March 1994 (next must be held by spring 1999, but may be held by end of 1995); results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (630 total) Northern League 117, PDS 114, Forza Italia 113, National Alliance 109, Communist Refoundation 39, Christian Democratic Center 33, Italian Popular Party 33, Greens and The Network 20, Democratic Alliance 18, Italian Socialists 16, Pact for Italy 13, Christian Socialists 5" );; line 55556 (wfb::source-text judicial_branch italy "Constitutional Court (Corte Costituzionale)" );; line 55565 (wfb::source-text political_parties_and_leaders italy "Forza Italia (FI), Silvio BERLUSCONI; National Alliance, Gianfranco FINI, party secretary; Northern League - Federal Italy (NL), Umberto BOSSI, president; Italian Social Movement, Pino RAUTI; Democratic Party of the Left (PDS, Massimo D'ALEMA, secretary; Communist Refoundation (RC), Fausto BERTINOTTI; Greens, Gianni MATTIOLI; Italian Socialists, Ottaviano DELTURCO; Rete (The Network), Leoluca ORLANDO; Christian Socialists, Ermanno GORRIERI; Pact for Italy, Mario SEGNI; Italian Popular Party (PPI), Rocco BUTTIGLIONE, Gerardo BIANCO; Christian Democratic Center (CCD), Pier Ferdinando CASINI; Union of the Democratic Center (UDC), Raffaele COSTA; Pannella List, Marco PANNELLA" );; line 55569 (wfb::source-text other_political_or_pressure_groups italy "the Roman Catholic Church; three major trade union confederations (Confederazione Generale Italiana del Lavoro or CGIL which is PDS-dominated, Confederazione Italiana dei Sindacati Lavoratori or CISL which is centerist, and Unione Italiana del Lavoro or UIL which is center-left); Italian manufacturers and merchants associations (Confindustria, Confcommercio); organized farm groups (Confcoltivatori, Confagricoltura)" );; line 55582 (wfb::source-text member_of italy "AfDB, AG (observer), AsDB, Australia Group, BIS, CCC, CDB (non-regional), CE, CEI, CERN, EBRD, EC, ECE, ECLAC, EIB, ESA, FAO, G- 7, G-10, GATT, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, INMARSAT, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, LAIA (observer), MINURSO, MTCR, NACC, NATO, NEA, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, ONUSAL, OSCE, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIFIL, UNIKOM, UNITAR, UNMOGIP, UNOMOZ, UNTSO, UPU, WCL, WEU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC" );; line 55591 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us italy chief_of_mission "Ambassador Boris BIANCHERI-CHIAPPORI" );; line 55602 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us italy chancery "1601 Fuller Street NW, Washington, DC 20009" );; line 55604 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us italy telephone "[1] (202) 328-5500" );; line 55606 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us italy |consulate(s) general| "Boston, Chicago, Houston, Miami, New York, Los Angeles, Philadelphia, San Francisco" );; line 55608 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us italy |consulate(s)| "Detroit and New Orleans" );; line 55611 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation italy chief_of_mission "Ambassador Reginald BARTHOLOMEW" );; line 55616 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation italy embassy "Via Veneto 119/A, 00187-Rome" );; line 55618 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation italy mailing_address "PSC 59, Box 100, Rome; APO AE 09624" );; line 55620 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation italy telephone "[39] (6) 46741" );; line 55622 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation italy fax "[39] (6) 4882672" );; line 55624 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation italy |consulate(s) general| "Florence, Milan, Naples" );; line 55626 (wfb::source-text flag italy "three equal vertical bands of green (hoist side), white, and red; similar to the flag of Ireland, which is longer and is green (hoist side), white, and orange; also similar to the flag of the Cote d'Ivoire, which has the colors reversed - orange (hoist side), white, and green" );; line 55630 (wfb::source-text overview italy "Since World War II the Italian economy has changed from one based on agriculture into a ranking industrial economy, with approximately the same total and per capita output as France and the UK. The country is still divided into a developed industrial north, dominated by private companies, and an undeveloped agricultural south, dominated by large public enterprises. Services account for 48% of GDP, industry 35%, agriculture 4%, and public administration 13%. Most raw materials needed by industry and over 75% of energy requirements must be imported. After growing at an average annual rate of 3% in 1983-90, growth slowed to about 1% in 1991 and 1992, fell by 0.7% in 1993, and recovered to 2% in 1994. In the second half of 1992, Rome became unsettled by the prospect of not qualifying to participate in EU plans for economic and monetary union later in the decade; thus it finally began to address its huge fiscal imbalances. Subsequently, the government has adopted fairly stringent budgets, abandoned its highly inflationary wage indexation system, and started to scale back its extremely generous social welfare programs, including pension and health care benefits. Monetary officials were forced to withdraw the lira from the European monetary system in September 1992 when it came under extreme pressure in currency markets. For the 1990s, Italy faces the problems of pushing ahead with fiscal reform, refurbishing a tottering communications system, curbing pollution in major industrial centers, and adjusting to the new competitive forces accompanying the ongoing expansion and economic integration of the European Union." );; line 55638 (wfb::source-text national_product italy "GDP - purchasing power parity - $998.9 billion (1994 est.)" );; line 55663 (wfb::source-text national_product_real_growth_rate italy "2.2% (1994 est.)" );; line 55667 (wfb::source-text national_product_per_capita italy "$17,180 (1994 est.)" );; line 55671 (wfb::source-text |Inflation rate (consumer prices)| italy "3.9% (1994)" );; line 55675 (wfb::source-text unemployment_rate italy "12.2% (January 1995)" );; line 55679 (wfb::source-text budget italy revenues "$339 billion" );; line 55684 (wfb::source-text budget italy expenditures "$431 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA (1994 est.)" );; line 55686 (wfb::source-text exports italy "$190.8 billion (f.o.b., 1994)" );; line 55690 (wfb::source-text exports italy commodities "metals, textiles and clothing, production machinery, motor vehicles, transportation equipment, chemicals, other" );; line 55692 (wfb::source-text exports italy partners "EU 53.4%, US 7.8%, OPEC 3.8% (1994)" );; line 55695 (wfb::source-text imports italy "$168.7 billion (c.i.f., 1994)" );; line 55699 (wfb::source-text imports italy commodities "industrial machinery, chemicals, transport equipment, petroleum, metals, food, agricultural products" );; line 55701 (wfb::source-text imports italy partners "EU 56.3%, OPEC 5.3%, US 4.6% (1994)" );; line 55704 (wfb::source-text external_debt italy "$67 billion (1993 est.)" );; line 55708 (wfb::source-text industrial_production italy "growth rate 4.3% (1994 est.); accounts for 35% of GDP" );; line 55712 (wfb::source-text electricity italy capacity "61,630,000 kW" );; line 55717 (wfb::source-text electricity italy production "209 billion kWh" );; line 55719 (wfb::source-text electricity italy consumption_per_capita "4,033 kWh (1993)" );; line 55721 (wfb::source-text industry italy "machinery, iron and steel, chemicals, food processing, textiles, motor vehicles, clothing, footwear, ceramics" );; line 55725 (wfb::source-text agriculture italy "accounts for about 4% of GDP; self-sufficient in foods other than meat, dairy products, and cereals; principal crops - fruits, vegetables, grapes, potatoes, sugar beets, soybeans, grain, olives; fish catch of 525,000 metric tons in 1990" );; line 55730 (wfb::source-text illicit_drugs italy "important gateway country for Latin American cocaine and Southwest Asian heroin entering the European market" );; line 55737 (wfb::source-text economic_aid italy donor "ODA and OOF commitments (1970-89), $25.9 billion" );; line 55743 (wfb::source-text currency italy "1 Italian lira (Lit) = 100 centesimi" );; line 55747 (wfb::source-text exchange_rates italy "Italian lire (Lit) per US$1 - 1,609.5 (January 1995), 1,612.4 (1994), 1,573.7 (1993), 1,232.4 (1992), 1,240.6 (1991), 1,198.1 (1990)" );; line 55751 (wfb::source-text fiscal_year italy "calendar year" );; line 55756 (wfb::source-text railroads italy total "19,503 km" );; line 55762 (wfb::source-text railroads italy standard_gauge "18,230 km 1.435-m gauge (10,499 km electrified; 2,112 km privately owned)" );; line 55764 (wfb::source-text railroads italy narrow_gauge "1,273 km 0.950-m to 1.000-m gauge (224 km electrified; 1,273 km privately owned)" );; line 55767 (wfb::source-text highways italy total "305,388 km" );; line 55773 (wfb::source-text highways italy paved "277,388 km (6,940 km of expressways)" );; line 55775 (wfb::source-text highways italy unpaved "gravel, crushed stone 23,000 km; earth 5,000 km (1992)" );; line 55777 (wfb::source-text inland_waterways italy "2,400 km for various types of commercial traffic, although of limited overall value" );; line 55781 (wfb::source-text pipelines italy "crude oil 1,703 km; petroleum products 2,148 km; natural gas 19,400 km" );; line 55786 (wfb::source-text port italy "Ancona, Augusta, Bari, Cagliari (Sardinia), Catania, Gaeta, Genoa, La Spezia, Livorno, Naples, Oristano (Sardinia), Palermo (Sicily), Piombino, Porto Torres (Sardinia), Ravenna, Savona, Trieste, Venice" );; line 55791 (wfb::source-text merchant_marine italy total "441 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 5,767,969 GRT/8,547,221 DWT" );; line 55798 (wfb::source-text merchant_marine italy ships_by_type "bulk 40, cargo 62, chemical tanker 34, combination ore/oil 3, container 18, liquefied gas tanker 37, multifunction large-load carrier 1, oil tanker 136, passenger 7, roll-on/roll-off cargo 54, short-sea passenger 30, specialized tanker 11, vehicle carrier 8" );; line 55801 (wfb::source-text airports italy total "138" );; line 55809 (wfb::source-text airports italy |with paved runways over 3,047 m| "5" );; line 55811 (wfb::source-text airports italy |with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m| "34" );; line 55813 (wfb::source-text airports italy |with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m| "15" );; line 55815 (wfb::source-text airports italy |with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m| "26" );; line 55817 (wfb::source-text airports italy with_paved_runways_under_914_m "34" );; line 55819 (wfb::source-text airports italy |with unpaved runways 1,524 to 2,438 m| "2" );; line 55821 (wfb::source-text airports italy |with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m| "22" );; line 55823 (wfb::source-text telephone_system italy "25,600,000 telephones; modern, well-developed, fast; fully automated telephone, telex, and data services" );; line 55828 (wfb::source-text telephone_system italy local "NA" );; line 55831 (wfb::source-text telephone_system italy intercity "high-capacity cable and microwave radio relay trunks" );; line 55833 (wfb::source-text telephone_system italy international "international service by 21 submarine cables, 3 satellite earth stations operating in INTELSAT with 3 Atlantic Ocean antennas and 2 Indian Ocean antennas; also participates in INMARSAT and EUTELSAT systems" );; line 55835 (wfb::source-text radio italy broadcast_stations "AM 135, FM 28 (repeaters 1,840), shortwave 0" );; line 55842 (wfb::source-text radio italy radios "16 million" );; line 55844 (wfb::source-text television italy broadcast_stations "83 (repeaters 1,000)" );; line 55849 (wfb::source-text television italy televisions "18 million" );; line 55851 (wfb::source-text defense_branch italy "Army, Navy, Air Force, Carabinieri" );; line 55857 (wfb::source-text manpower_availability italy "males age 15-49 14,934,657; males fit for military service 12,962,594; males reach military age (18) annually 382,142 (1995 est.)" );; line 55861 (wfb::source-text defense_expenditures italy "exchange rate conversion - $21.5 billion, 2% of GDP (1994)" );; line 55866 (wfb::source-text location jamaica "Caribbean, island in the Caribbean Sea, south of Cuba" );; line 55877 (wfb::source-text map_references jamaica "Central America and the Caribbean" );; line 55881 (wfb::source-text area jamaica total_area "10,990 sq km" );; line 55886 (wfb::source-text area jamaica land_area "10,830 sq km" );; line 55888 (wfb::source-text area jamaica comparative_area "slightly smaller than Connecticut" );; line 55890 (wfb::source-text borders jamaica "0 km" );; line 55894 (wfb::source-text coastline jamaica "1,022 km" );; line 55898 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims jamaica continental_shelf "200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation" );; line 55903 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims jamaica exclusive_economic_zone "200 nm" );; line 55905 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims jamaica territorial_sea "12 nm" );; line 55907 (wfb::source-text international_disputes jamaica "none" );; line 55911 (wfb::source-text climate jamaica "tropical; hot, humid; temperate interior" );; line 55915 (wfb::source-text terrain jamaica "mostly mountains with narrow, discontinuous coastal plain" );; line 55919 (wfb::source-text natural-resource jamaica "bauxite, gypsum, limestone" );; line 55923 (wfb::source-text land_use jamaica arable_land "19%" );; line 55928 (wfb::source-text land_use jamaica permanent_crops "6%" );; line 55930 (wfb::source-text land_use jamaica meadows_and_pastures "18%" );; line 55932 (wfb::source-text land_use jamaica forest_and_woodland "28%" );; line 55934 (wfb::source-text land_use jamaica other "29%" );; line 55936 (wfb::source-text irrigated_land jamaica "350 sq km (1989 est.)" );; line 55940 (wfb::source-text environment jamaica current_issues "deforestation; coastal waters polluted by industrial waste, sewage, and oil spills; damage to coral reefs; air pollution in Kingston results from vehicle emissions" );; line 55945 (wfb::source-text environment jamaica natural_hazards "hurricanes (especially July to November)" );; line 55949 (wfb::source-text environment jamaica international_agreements "party to - Biodiversity, Climate Change, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution" );; line 55951 (wfb::source-text note jamaica "strategic location between Cayman Trench and Jamaica Channel, the main sea lanes for Panama Canal" );; line 55957 (wfb::source-text population jamaica "2,574,291 (July 1995 est.)" );; line 55964 (wfb::source-text age_structure jamaica 0-14_years "33% (female 412,565; male 431,043)" );; line 55969 (wfb::source-text age_structure jamaica 15-64_years "60% (female 786,700; male 770,681)" );; line 55971 (wfb::source-text age_structure jamaica 65_years_and_over "7% (female 96,348; male 76,954) (July 1995 est.)" );; line 55973 (wfb::source-text population_growth_rate jamaica "0.78% (1995 est.)" );; line 55977 (wfb::source-text birth_rate jamaica "22.03 births/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 55981 (wfb::source-text death_rate jamaica "5.62 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 55985 (wfb::source-text net_migration_rate jamaica "-8.65 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 55989 (wfb::source-text infant_mortality_rate jamaica "16.1 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.)" );; line 55993 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth jamaica total_population "74.65 years" );; line 55998 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth jamaica male "72.39 years" );; line 56000 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth jamaica female "77.01 years (1995 est.)" );; line 56002 (wfb::source-text total_fertility_rate jamaica "2.42 children born/woman (1995 est.)" );; line 56006 (wfb::source-text nationality jamaica noun "Jamaican(s)" );; line 56011 (wfb::source-text nationality jamaica adjective "Jamaican" );; line 56013 (wfb::source-text ethnic-entity jamaica "African 76.3%, Afro-European 15.1%, East Indian and Afro-East Indian 3%, white 3.2%, Chinese and Afro-Chinese 1.2%, other 1.2%" );; line 56017 (wfb::source-text religion jamaica "Protestant 55.9% (Church of God 18.4%, Baptist 10%, Anglican 7.1%, Seventh-Day Adventist 6.9%, Pentecostal 5.2%, Methodist 3.1%, United Church 2.7%, other 2.5%), Roman Catholic 5%, other, including some spiritual cults 39.1% (1982)" );; line 56022 (wfb::source-text language jamaica "English, Creole" );; line 56029 (wfb::source-text literacy jamaica "age 15 and over has ever attended school (1987)" );; line 56033 (wfb::source-text literacy jamaica total_population "82%" );; line 56035 (wfb::source-text literacy jamaica male "77%" );; line 56037 (wfb::source-text literacy jamaica female "86%" );; line 56039 (wfb::source-text total_labor_force jamaica "1,062,100" );; line 56043 (wfb::source-text labor_force_by_occupation jamaica by_occupation "services 41%, agriculture 22.5%, industry 19%, unemployed 17.5% (1989)" );; line 56045 (wfb::source-text names jamaica conventional_long_form "none" );; line 56052 (wfb::source-text names jamaica conventional_short_form "Jamaica" );; line 56054 (wfb::source-text digraph jamaica "JM" );; line 56058 (wfb::source-text type jamaica "parliamentary democracy" );; line 56062 (wfb::source-text capital jamaica "Kingston" );; line 56066 (wfb::source-text administrative_divisions jamaica "14 parishes; Clarendon, Hanover, Kingston, Manchester, Portland, Saint Andrew, Saint Ann, Saint Catherine, Saint Elizabeth, Saint James, Saint Mary, Saint Thomas, Trelawny, Westmoreland" );; line 56070 (wfb::source-text independence jamaica "6 August 1962 (from UK)" );; line 56076 (wfb::source-text national_holiday jamaica "Independence Day (first Monday in August) (1962)" );; line 56080 (wfb::source-text constitution jamaica "6 August 1962" );; line 56084 (wfb::source-text legal_system jamaica "based on English common law; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction" );; line 56088 (wfb::source-text suffrage jamaica "18 years of age; universal" );; line 56093 (wfb::source-text executive_branch jamaica chief_of_state "Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952), represented by Governor General Sir Howard COOKE (since 1 August 1991)" );; line 56098 (wfb::source-text executive_branch jamaica head_of_government "Prime Minister P. J. PATTERSON (since 30 March 1992); Deputy Prime Minister Seymour MULLINGS (since NA 1993)" );; line 56101 (wfb::source-text executive_branch jamaica cabinet "Cabinet; appointed by the governor general on the advice of the prime minister" );; line 56104 (wfb::source-text legislative_structure jamaica "bicameral Parliament" );; line 56109 (wfb::source-text legislative_branch jamaica senate "consists of a 21-member body appointed by the governor general" );; line 56111 (wfb::source-text legislative_branch jamaica house_of_representatives "elections last held 30 March 1993 (next to be held by March 1998); results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (60 total) PNP 52, JLP 8" );; line 56113 (wfb::source-text judicial_branch jamaica "Supreme Court" );; line 56118 (wfb::source-text political_parties_and_leaders jamaica "People's National Party (PNP) P. J. PATTERSON; Jamaica Labor Party (JLP), Edward SEAGA" );; line 56122 (wfb::source-text other_political_or_pressure_groups jamaica "Rastafarians (black religious/racial cultists, pan-Africanists); New Beginnings Movement (NBM)" );; line 56127 (wfb::source-text member_of jamaica "ACP, C, CARICOM, CCC, CDB, ECLAC, FAO, G-15, G-19, G-77, GATT, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, ISO, ITU, LAES, NAM, OAS, OPANAL, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNITAR, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO" );; line 56132 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us jamaica chief_of_mission "Ambassador Richard Leighton BERNAL" );; line 56140 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us jamaica chancery "1520 New Hampshire Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20036" );; line 56142 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us jamaica telephone "[1] (202) 452-0660" );; line 56144 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us jamaica fax "[1] (202) 452-0081" );; line 56146 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us jamaica |consulate(s) general| "Miami and New York" );; line 56148 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation jamaica chief_of_mission "Ambassador J. Gary COOPER (since October 1994)" );; line 56153 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation jamaica embassy "Jamaica Mutual Life Center, 2 Oxford Road, 3rd floor, Kingston" );; line 56155 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation jamaica mailing_address "use embassy street address" );; line 56157 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation jamaica telephone "[1] (809) 929-4850 through 4859" );; line 56159 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation jamaica fax "[1] (809) 926-6743" );; line 56161 (wfb::source-text flag jamaica "diagonal yellow cross divides the flag into four triangles - green (top and bottom) and black (hoist side and fly side)" );; line 56165 (wfb::source-text overview jamaica "Key sectors in this island economy are bauxite (alumina and bauxite account for more than half of exports) and tourism. The government's tight fiscal and monetary policies, which have been partially successful in curbing inflation, have held growth to 1.2% in 1993 and 2.0% in 1994." );; line 56171 (wfb::source-text national_product jamaica "GDP - purchasing power parity - $7.8 billion (1994 est.)" );; line 56178 (wfb::source-text national_product_real_growth_rate jamaica "2% (1994 est.)" );; line 56182 (wfb::source-text national_product_per_capita jamaica "$3,050 (1994 est.)" );; line 56186 (wfb::source-text |Inflation rate (consumer prices)| jamaica "26.7% (1994)" );; line 56190 (wfb::source-text unemployment_rate jamaica "15.7% (1992)" );; line 56194 (wfb::source-text budget jamaica revenues "$600 million" );; line 56199 (wfb::source-text budget jamaica expenditures "$736 million, including capital expenditures of $NA (FY90/91 est.)" );; line 56201 (wfb::source-text exports jamaica "$1.2 billion (f.o.b., 1994 est.)" );; line 56206 (wfb::source-text exports jamaica commodities "alumina, bauxite, sugar, bananas, rum" );; line 56208 (wfb::source-text exports jamaica partners "US 47%, UK 11%, Canada 9%, Norway 7%; France 4% (1993)" );; line 56210 (wfb::source-text imports jamaica "$2.2 billion (f.o.b., 1994 est.)" );; line 56214 (wfb::source-text imports jamaica commodities "machinery and transport equipment, construction materials, fuel, food, chemicals" );; line 56216 (wfb::source-text imports jamaica partners "US 54%, Japan 4.0%, Mexico 6%, UK 4%, Venezuela 3% (1993)" );; line 56219 (wfb::source-text external_debt jamaica "$3.6 billion (1994 est.)" );; line 56223 (wfb::source-text industrial_production jamaica "growth rate 0.4% (1992); accounts for almost 30% of GDP" );; line 56227 (wfb::source-text electricity jamaica capacity "730,000 kW" );; line 56232 (wfb::source-text electricity jamaica production "2.6 billion kWh" );; line 56234 (wfb::source-text electricity jamaica consumption_per_capita "988 kWh (1993)" );; line 56236 (wfb::source-text industry jamaica "bauxite mining, tourism, textiles, food processing, light manufactures" );; line 56240 (wfb::source-text agriculture jamaica "accounts for about 7% of GDP, 22% of work force, and 17% of exports; commercial crops - sugarcane, bananas, coffee, citrus, potatoes, vegetables; livestock and livestock products include poultry, goats, milk; not self-sufficient in grain, meat, and dairy products" );; line 56245 (wfb::source-text illicit_drugs jamaica "transshipment point for cocaine from Central and South America to North America and Europe; illicit cultivation of cannabis; government has an active cannabis eradication program" );; line 56252 (wfb::source-text economic_aid jamaica recipient "US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-89), $1.2 billion; other countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-89), $1.6 billion" );; line 56259 (wfb::source-text currency jamaica "1 Jamaican dollar (J$) = 100 cents" );; line 56264 (wfb::source-text exchange_rates jamaica "Jamaican dollars (J$) per US$1 - 33.195 (December 1994), 33.986 (1994), 24.949 (1993), 22.960 (1992), 12.116 (1991), 7.184 (1990)" );; line 56268 (wfb::source-text fiscal_year jamaica "1 April - 31 March" );; line 56273 (wfb::source-text railroads jamaica total "370 km" );; line 56279 (wfb::source-text railroads jamaica standard_gauge "370 km 1.435-m gauge" );; line 56281 (wfb::source-text highways jamaica total "18,200 km" );; line 56286 (wfb::source-text highways jamaica paved "12,600 km" );; line 56288 (wfb::source-text highways jamaica unpaved "gravel 3,200 km; improved earth 2,400 km" );; line 56290 (wfb::source-text pipelines jamaica "petroleum products 10 km" );; line 56294 (wfb::source-text port jamaica "Alligator Pond, Discovery Bay, Kingston, Montego Bay, Ocho Rios, Port Antonio, Longs Wharf, Rocky Point" );; line 56298 (wfb::source-text merchant_marine jamaica total "3 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 5,931 GRT/10,545 DWT" );; line 56304 (wfb::source-text merchant_marine jamaica ships_by_type "bulk 1, oil tanker 1, roll-on/roll-off cargo 1" );; line 56306 (wfb::source-text airports jamaica total "41" );; line 56311 (wfb::source-text airports jamaica |with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m| "2" );; line 56313 (wfb::source-text airports jamaica |with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m| "1" );; line 56315 (wfb::source-text airports jamaica |with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m| "3" );; line 56317 (wfb::source-text airports jamaica with_paved_runways_under_914_m "31" );; line 56319 (wfb::source-text airports jamaica |with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m| "4" );; line 56321 (wfb::source-text telephone_system jamaica "127,000 telephones; fully automatic domestic telephone network" );; line 56326 (wfb::source-text telephone_system jamaica local "NA" );; line 56328 (wfb::source-text telephone_system jamaica intercity "NA" );; line 56330 (wfb::source-text telephone_system jamaica international "2 INTELSAT (Atlantic Ocean) earth stations; 3 coaxial submarine cables" );; line 56332 (wfb::source-text radio jamaica broadcast_stations "AM 10, FM 17, shortwave 0" );; line 56338 (wfb::source-text radio jamaica radios "NA" );; line 56340 (wfb::source-text television jamaica broadcast_stations "8" );; line 56345 (wfb::source-text television jamaica televisions "NA" );; line 56347 (wfb::source-text defense_branch jamaica "Jamaica Defense Force (includes Ground Forces, Coast Guard and Air Wing), Jamaica Constabulary Force" );; line 56353 (wfb::source-text manpower_availability jamaica "males age 15-49 670,958; males fit for military service 475,235; males reach military age (18) annually 26,244 (1995 est.)" );; line 56358 (wfb::source-text defense_expenditures jamaica "exchange rate conversion - $19.3 million, 1% of GDP (FY91/92)" );; line 56363 (wfb::source-text location jan_mayen "Northern Europe, island between the Greenland Sea and the Norwegian Sea, northeast of Iceland" );; line 56373 (wfb::source-text map_references jan_mayen "Arctic Region" );; line 56378 (wfb::source-text area jan_mayen total_area "373 sq km" );; line 56383 (wfb::source-text area jan_mayen land_area "373 sq km" );; line 56385 (wfb::source-text area jan_mayen comparative_area "slightly more than twice the size of Washington, DC" );; line 56387 (wfb::source-text borders jan_mayen "0 km" );; line 56391 (wfb::source-text coastline jan_mayen "124.1 km" );; line 56395 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims jan_mayen contiguous_zone "10 nm" );; line 56400 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims jan_mayen continental_shelf "200-m depth or to depth of exploitation" );; line 56402 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims jan_mayen exclusive_economic_zone "200 nm" );; line 56404 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims jan_mayen territorial_sea "4 nm" );; line 56406 (wfb::source-text international_disputes jan_mayen "none" );; line 56410 (wfb::source-text climate jan_mayen "arctic maritime with frequent storms and persistent fog" );; line 56414 (wfb::source-text terrain jan_mayen "volcanic island, partly covered by glaciers; Beerenberg is the highest peak, with an elevation of 2,277 meters" );; line 56418 (wfb::source-text natural-resource jan_mayen "none" );; line 56423 (wfb::source-text land_use jan_mayen arable_land "0%" );; line 56428 (wfb::source-text land_use jan_mayen permanent_crops "0%" );; line 56430 (wfb::source-text land_use jan_mayen meadows_and_pastures "0%" );; line 56432 (wfb::source-text land_use jan_mayen forest_and_woodland "0%" );; line 56434 (wfb::source-text land_use jan_mayen other "100%" );; line 56436 (wfb::source-text irrigated_land jan_mayen "0 sq km" );; line 56440 (wfb::source-text environment jan_mayen current_issues "NA" );; line 56445 (wfb::source-text environment jan_mayen natural_hazards "dominated by the volcano Beerenberg; volcanic activity resumed in 1970" );; line 56447 (wfb::source-text environment jan_mayen international_agreements "NA" );; line 56450 (wfb::source-text note jan_mayen "barren volcanic island with some moss and grass" );; line 56454 (wfb::source-text population jan_mayen "no permanent inhabitants; note - there are personnel who man the LORAN C base and the weather and coastal services radio station" );; line 56460 (wfb::source-text names jan_mayen conventional_long_form "none" );; line 56467 (wfb::source-text names jan_mayen conventional_short_form "Jan Mayen" );; line 56469 (wfb::source-text digraph jan_mayen "JN" );; line 56473 (wfb::source-text type jan_mayen "territory of Norway" );; line 56477 (wfb::source-text capital jan_mayen "none; administered from Oslo, Norway, through a governor (sysselmann) resident in Longyearbyen (Svalbard)" );; line 56481 (wfb::source-text independence jan_mayen "none (territory of Norway)" );; line 56486 (wfb::source-text overview jan_mayen "Jan Mayen is a volcanic island with no exploitable natural resources. Economic activity is limited to providing services for employees of Norway's radio and meteorological stations located on the island." );; line 56491 (wfb::source-text electricity jan_mayen capacity "15,000 kW" );; line 56498 (wfb::source-text electricity jan_mayen production "40 million kWh" );; line 56500 (wfb::source-text electricity jan_mayen consumption_per_capita "NA kWh (1992)" );; line 56502 (wfb::source-text highways jan_mayen total "NA" );; line 56508 (wfb::source-text highways jan_mayen paved "NA" );; line 56510 (wfb::source-text highways jan_mayen unpaved "NA" );; line 56512 (wfb::source-text port jan_mayen "none; offshore anchorage only" );; line 56516 (wfb::source-text airports jan_mayen total "1" );; line 56521 (wfb::source-text airports jan_mayen |with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m| "1" );; line 56523 (wfb::source-text telephone_system jan_mayen "NA telephones" );; line 56528 (wfb::source-text telephone_system jan_mayen local "NA" );; line 56530 (wfb::source-text telephone_system jan_mayen intercity "NA" );; line 56532 (wfb::source-text telephone_system jan_mayen international "NA" );; line 56534 (wfb::source-text radio jan_mayen broadcast_stations "AM NA, FM NA, shortwave NA" );; line 56539 (wfb::source-text radio jan_mayen radios "NA" );; line 56541 (wfb::source-text television jan_mayen broadcast_stations "NA" );; line 56548 (wfb::source-text television jan_mayen televisions "NA" );; line 56550 (wfb::source-text note jan_mayen "defense is the responsibility of Norway" );; line 56556 (wfb::source-text location japan "Eastern Asia, island chain between the North Pacific Ocean and the Sea of Japan, east of the Korean peninsula" );; line 56566 (wfb::source-text map_references japan "Asia" );; line 56571 (wfb::source-text area japan total_area "377,835 sq km" );; line 56576 (wfb::source-text area japan land_area "374,744 sq km" );; line 56578 (wfb::source-text area japan comparative_area "slightly smaller than California" );; line 56580 (wfb::source-text borders japan "0 km" );; line 56588 (wfb::source-text coastline japan "29,751 km" );; line 56592 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims japan exclusive_fishing_zone "200 nm" );; line 56597 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims japan territorial_sea "12 nm; 3 nm in the international straits - La Perouse or Soya, Tsugaru, Osumi, and Eastern and Western Channels of the Korea or Tsushima Strait" );; line 56599 (wfb::source-text international_disputes japan "islands of Etorofu, Kunashiri, Shikotan, and the Habomai group occupied by the Soviet Union in 1945, now administered by Russia, claimed by Japan; Liancourt Rocks disputed with South Korea; Senkaku-shoto (Senkaku Islands) claimed by China and Taiwan" );; line 56605 (wfb::source-text climate japan "varies from tropical in south to cool temperate in north" );; line 56612 (wfb::source-text terrain japan "mostly rugged and mountainous" );; line 56616 (wfb::source-text natural-resource japan "negligible mineral resources, fish" );; line 56620 (wfb::source-text land_use japan arable_land "13%" );; line 56625 (wfb::source-text land_use japan permanent_crops "1%" );; line 56627 (wfb::source-text land_use japan meadows_and_pastures "1%" );; line 56629 (wfb::source-text land_use japan forest_and_woodland "67%" );; line 56631 (wfb::source-text land_use japan other "18%" );; line 56633 (wfb::source-text irrigated_land japan "28,680 sq km (1989)" );; line 56637 (wfb::source-text environment japan current_issues "air pollution from power plant emissions results in acid rain; acidification of lakes and reservoirs degrading water quality and threatening aquatic life; Japan's appetite for fish and tropical timber is contributing to the depletion of these resources in Asia and elsewhere" );; line 56642 (wfb::source-text environment japan natural_hazards "many dormant and some active volcanoes; about 1,500 seismic occurrences (mostly tremors) every year; tsunamis" );; line 56647 (wfb::source-text environment japan international_agreements "party to - Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Marine Dumping, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling; signed, but not ratified - Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Desertification, Law of the Sea" );; line 56650 (wfb::source-text note japan "strategic location in northeast Asia" );; line 56658 (wfb::source-text population japan "125,506,492 (July 1995 est.)" );; line 56664 (wfb::source-text age_structure japan 0-14_years "16% (female 9,955,603; male 10,542,973)" );; line 56669 (wfb::source-text age_structure japan 15-64_years "69% (female 43,377,425; male 43,843,645)" );; line 56671 (wfb::source-text age_structure japan 65_years_and_over "15% (female 10,514,017; male 7,272,829) (July 1995 est.)" );; line 56673 (wfb::source-text population_growth_rate japan "0.32% (1995 est.)" );; line 56677 (wfb::source-text birth_rate japan "10.66 births/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 56681 (wfb::source-text death_rate japan "7.46 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 56685 (wfb::source-text net_migration_rate japan "0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 56689 (wfb::source-text infant_mortality_rate japan "4.3 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.)" );; line 56693 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth japan total_population "79.44 years" );; line 56698 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth japan male "76.6 years" );; line 56700 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth japan female "82.42 years (1995 est.)" );; line 56702 (wfb::source-text total_fertility_rate japan "1.56 children born/woman (1995 est.)" );; line 56706 (wfb::source-text nationality japan noun "Japanese (singular and plural)" );; line 56711 (wfb::source-text nationality japan adjective "Japanese" );; line 56713 (wfb::source-text ethnic-entity japan "Japanese 99.4%, other 0.6% (mostly Korean)" );; line 56717 (wfb::source-text religion japan "observe both Shinto and Buddhist 84%, other 16% (including 0.7% Christian)" );; line 56721 (wfb::source-text language japan "Japanese" );; line 56726 (wfb::source-text literacy japan "age 15 and over can read and write (1970 est.)" );; line 56730 (wfb::source-text literacy japan total_population "99%" );; line 56732 (wfb::source-text total_labor_force japan "65.87 million (December 1994)" );; line 56736 (wfb::source-text labor_force_by_occupation japan by_occupation "trade and services 54%, manufacturing, mining, and construction 33%, agriculture, forestry, and fishing 7%, government 3% (1988)" );; line 56738 (wfb::source-text names japan conventional_long_form "none" );; line 56745 (wfb::source-text names japan conventional_short_form "Japan" );; line 56747 (wfb::source-text digraph japan "JA" );; line 56751 (wfb::source-text type japan "constitutional monarchy" );; line 56755 (wfb::source-text capital japan "Tokyo" );; line 56759 (wfb::source-text administrative_divisions japan "47 prefectures; Aichi, Akita, Aomori, Chiba, Ehime, Fukui, Fukuoka, Fukushima, Gifu, Gumma, Hiroshima, Hokkaido, Hyogo, Ibaraki, Ishikawa, Iwate, Kagawa, Kagoshima, Kanagawa, Kochi, Kumamoto, Kyoto, Mie, Miyagi, Miyazaki, Nagano, Nagasaki, Nara, Niigata, Oita, Okayama, Okinawa, Osaka, Saga, Saitama, Shiga, Shimane, Shizuoka, Tochigi, Tokushima, Tokyo, Tottori, Toyama, Wakayama, Yamagata, Yamaguchi, Yamanashi" );; line 56763 (wfb::source-text independence japan "660 BC (traditional founding by Emperor Jimmu)" );; line 56772 (wfb::source-text national_holiday japan "Birthday of the Emperor, 23 December (1933)" );; line 56776 (wfb::source-text constitution japan "3 May 1947" );; line 56780 (wfb::source-text legal_system japan "modeled after European civil law system with English-American influence; judicial review of legislative acts in the Supreme Court; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations" );; line 56784 (wfb::source-text suffrage japan "20 years of age; universal" );; line 56790 (wfb::source-text executive_branch japan chief_of_state "Emperor AKIHITO (since 7 January 1989)" );; line 56795 (wfb::source-text executive_branch japan head_of_government "Prime Minister Tomiichi MURAYAMA (since 30 June 1994); Deputy Prime Minister Yohei KONO (since 30 June 1994)" );; line 56797 (wfb::source-text executive_branch japan cabinet "Cabinet; appointed by the prime minister" );; line 56800 (wfb::source-text legislative_structure japan "bicameral Diet (Kokkai) consists of an upper house or House of Councillors and a lower house or House of Representatives" );; line 56804 (wfb::source-text legislative_branch japan |House of Councillors (Sangi-in)| "half of the members elected every three years to six-year terms; elections last held on 26 July 1992 (next set to be held 23 July 1995); results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (252 total) LDP 106, SDPJ 73, Komeito 24, DSP 12, JCP 11, JNP 4, others 16, independents 6; note - the distribution of seats as of 1 April 1995 is as follows - LDP 94, SDPJ 68, Heisei-kai 47, Shin Ryokufu-kai 16, JCP 11, others 15, vacant 1" );; line 56807 (wfb::source-text legislative_branch japan |House of Representatives (Shugi-in)| "all members elected every four years to four-year terms; elections last held on 18 July 1993 (next to be held by 1997); results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (511 total) LDP 223, SDPJ 70, Shinseito 55, Komeito 51, JNP 35, JCP 15, DSP 15, Sakigake 13, others 4, independents 30; note - the distribution of seats as of 1 April 1995 is as follows - LDP 207, Shinshinto 173, SDPJ 70, Sakigake 21, JCP 15, others 19, vacant 6" );; line 56814 (wfb::source-text judicial_branch japan "Supreme Court" );; line 56823 (wfb::source-text political_parties_and_leaders japan "Liberal Democratic Party (LDP), Yohei KONO, president and Yoshiro MORI, secretary general; Social Democratic Party of Japan (SDPJ), Tomiichi MURAYAMA; Japan Communist Party (JCP), Tetsuzo FUWA, Presidium chairman; Sakigake (Harbinger), Masayoshi TAKEMURA, chairman; Shinshinto (New Frontier Party, NFP), Toshiki KAIFU, chairman and Ichiro OZAWA, secretary general" );; line 56827 (wfb::source-text member_of japan "AfDB, AG (observer), APEC, AsDB, Australia Group, BIS, CCC, CP, EBRD, ESCAP, FAO, G- 2, G- 5, G- 7, G- 8, G-10, GATT, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, INMARSAT, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, MTCR, NEA, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNITAR, UNOMOZ, UNRWA, UNU, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC" );; line 56843 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us japan chief_of_mission "Ambassador Takakazu KURIYAMA" );; line 56853 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us japan chancery "2520 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008" );; line 56855 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us japan telephone "[1] (202) 939-6700" );; line 56857 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us japan fax "[1] (202) 328-2187" );; line 56859 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us japan |consulate(s) general| "Agana (Guam), Anchorage, Atlanta, Boston, Chicago, Detroit, Honolulu, Houston, Kansas City (Missouri), Los Angeles, Miami, New Orleans, New York, Portland (Oregon), San Francisco, and Seattle" );; line 56861 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us japan |consulate(s)| "Saipan (Northern Mariana Islands)" );; line 56865 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation japan chief_of_mission "Ambassador Walter F. MONDALE" );; line 56870 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation japan embassy "10-5, Akasaka 1-chome, Minato-ku (107), Tokyo" );; line 56872 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation japan mailing_address "Unit 45004, Box 258, Tokyo; APO AP 96337-0001" );; line 56874 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation japan telephone "[81] (3) 3224-5000" );; line 56876 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation japan fax "[81] (3) 3505-1862" );; line 56878 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation japan |consulate(s) general| "Naha (Okinawa), Osaka-Kobe, Sapporo" );; line 56880 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation japan |consulate(s)| "Fukuoka, Nagoya" );; line 56882 (wfb::source-text flag japan "white with a large red disk (representing the sun without rays) in the center" );; line 56886 (wfb::source-text overview japan "Government-industry cooperation, a strong work ethic, mastery of high technology, and a comparatively small defense allocation (roughly 1% of GDP) have helped Japan advance with extraordinary rapidity to the rank of second most powerful economy in the world. Industry, the most important sector of the economy, is heavily dependent on imported raw materials and fuels. Usually self-sufficient in rice, Japan must import about 50% of its requirements of other grain and fodder crops. Japan maintains one of the world's largest fishing fleets and accounts for nearly 15% of the global catch. Overall economic growth has been spectacular: a 10% average in the 1960s, a 5% average in the 1970s and 1980s. Economic growth came to a halt in 1992-93 largely because of contractionary domestic policies intended to wring speculative excesses from the stock and real estate markets. Growth resumed at a 0.6% pace in 1994 largely because of consumer demand. As for foreign trade, the stronger yen and slower global growth are containing export growth. Unemployment and inflation remain remarkably low in comparison with the other industrialized nations. Japan continues to run a huge trade surplus - $121 billion in 1994, roughly the same size as in 1993 - which supports extensive investment in foreign assets. Prime Minister MURAYAMA has yet to formalize his government's plans for administrative and economic reform, including reduction in the trade surplus. As leader of a coalition government, he has softened his own socialist positions. The crowding of the habitable land area and the aging of the population are two major long-run problems." );; line 56892 (wfb::source-text national_product japan "GDP - purchasing power parity - $2.5274 trillion (1994 est.)" );; line 56918 (wfb::source-text national_product_real_growth_rate japan "0.6% (1994 est.)" );; line 56922 (wfb::source-text national_product_per_capita japan "$20,200 (1994 est.)" );; line 56926 (wfb::source-text |Inflation rate (consumer prices)| japan "0.7% (1994)" );; line 56930 (wfb::source-text unemployment_rate japan "2.9% (1994)" );; line 56934 (wfb::source-text budget japan revenues "$569 billion" );; line 56939 (wfb::source-text budget japan expenditures "$671 billion, including capital expenditures (public works only) of about $126 billion (1994 est.)" );; line 56941 (wfb::source-text exports japan "$395.5 billion (f.o.b., 1994)" );; line 56946 (wfb::source-text exports japan commodities "manufactures 97% (including machinery 46%, motor vehicles 20%, consumer electronics 10%)" );; line 56948 (wfb::source-text exports japan partners "Southeast Asia 33%, US 29%, Western Europe 18%, China 5%" );; line 56951 (wfb::source-text imports japan "$274.3 billion (c.i.f., 1994)" );; line 56955 (wfb::source-text imports japan commodities "manufactures 52%, fossil fuels 20%, foodstuffs and raw materials 28%" );; line 56957 (wfb::source-text imports japan partners "Southeast Asia 25%, US 23%, Western Europe 15%, China 9%" );; line 56960 (wfb::source-text external_debt japan "$NA" );; line 56964 (wfb::source-text industrial_production japan "growth rate 1% (1994); accounts for 30% of GDP" );; line 56968 (wfb::source-text electricity japan capacity "205,140,000 kW" );; line 56973 (wfb::source-text electricity japan production "840 billion kWh" );; line 56975 (wfb::source-text electricity japan consumption_per_capita "6,262 kWh (1993)" );; line 56977 (wfb::source-text industry japan "steel and non-ferrous metallurgy, heavy electrical equipment, construction and mining equipment, motor vehicles and parts, electronic and telecommunication equipment and components, machine tools and automated production systems, locomotives and railroad rolling stock, shipbuilding, chemicals, textiles, food processing" );; line 56981 (wfb::source-text agriculture japan "accounts for only 2% of GDP; highly subsidized and protected sector, with crop yields among highest in world; principal crops - rice, sugar beets, vegetables, fruit; animal products include pork, poultry, dairy and eggs; about 50% self-sufficient in food production; shortages of wheat, corn, soybeans; world's largest fish catch of 10 million metric tons in 1991" );; line 56989 (wfb::source-text economic_aid japan donor "ODA and OOF commitments (1970-94), $132 billion" );; line 56998 (wfb::source-text currency japan "yen (Y)" );; line 57004 (wfb::source-text exchange_rates japan "yen (Y) per US$1 - 99.75 (January 1995), 102.21 (1994), 111.20 (1993), 126.65 (1992), 134.71 (1991), 144.79 (1990)" );; line 57008 (wfb::source-text fiscal_year japan "1 April - 31 March" );; line 57013 (wfb::source-text railroads japan total "27,327 km (5,724 km double track and multitrack sections)" );; line 57019 (wfb::source-text railroads japan standard_gauge "2,012 km 1.435-m gauge (2,012 km electrified)" );; line 57021 (wfb::source-text railroads japan narrow_gauge "25,315 km predominantly 1.067-m gauge (9,038 km electrified) (1987)" );; line 57023 (wfb::source-text highways japan total "1,111,974 km" );; line 57029 (wfb::source-text highways japan paved "754,102 km (including 4,869 km of national expressways)" );; line 57031 (wfb::source-text highways japan unpaved "gravel, crushed stone, or earth 357,872 km (1991)" );; line 57033 (wfb::source-text inland_waterways japan "about 1,770 km; seagoing craft ply all coastal inland seas" );; line 57037 (wfb::source-text pipelines japan "crude oil 84 km; petroleum products 322 km; natural gas 1,800 km" );; line 57041 (wfb::source-text port japan "Akita, Amagasaki, Chiba, Hachinohe, Hakodate, Higashi-Harima, Himeji, Hiroshima, Kawasaki, Kinuura, Kobe, Kushiro, Mizushima, Moji, Nagoya, Osaka, Sakai, Sakaide, Shimizu, Tokyo, Tomakomai" );; line 57045 (wfb::source-text merchant_marine japan total "851 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 18,195,386 GRT/27,292,044 DWT" );; line 57052 (wfb::source-text merchant_marine japan ships_by_type "bulk 210, cargo 63, chemical tanker 7, combination ore/oil 7, container 41, liquefied gas tanker 41, multifunction large-load carrier 1, oil tanker 264, passenger 10, passenger-cargo 5, refrigerated cargo 48, roll-on/roll-off cargo 43, short-sea passenger 30, specialized tanker 2, vehicle carrier 79" );; line 57055 (wfb::source-text airports japan total "175" );; line 57068 (wfb::source-text airports japan |with paved runways over 3,047 m| "6" );; line 57070 (wfb::source-text airports japan |with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m| "31" );; line 57072 (wfb::source-text airports japan |with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m| "36" );; line 57074 (wfb::source-text airports japan |with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m| "30" );; line 57076 (wfb::source-text airports japan with_paved_runways_under_914_m "70" );; line 57078 (wfb::source-text airports japan |with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m| "2" );; line 57080 (wfb::source-text telephone_system japan "64,000,000 telephones; excellent domestic and international service" );; line 57085 (wfb::source-text telephone_system japan local "NA" );; line 57088 (wfb::source-text telephone_system japan intercity "NA" );; line 57090 (wfb::source-text telephone_system japan international "5 INTELSAT (4 Pacific Ocean and 1 Indian Ocean) earth stations; submarine cables to US (via Guam), Philippines, China, and Russia" );; line 57092 (wfb::source-text radio japan broadcast_stations "AM 318, FM 58, shortwave 0" );; line 57098 (wfb::source-text radio japan radios "95 million" );; line 57100 (wfb::source-text television japan broadcast_stations "12,350 (1 kW or greater 196)" );; line 57105 (wfb::source-text television japan televisions "100 million" );; line 57107 (wfb::source-text defense_branch japan "Japan Ground Self-Defense Force (Army), Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force (Navy), Japan Air Self-Defense Force (Air Force)" );; line 57113 (wfb::source-text manpower_availability japan "males age 15-49 31,947,532; males fit for military service 27,494,758; males reach military age (18) annually 910,970 (1995 est.)" );; line 57118 (wfb::source-text defense_expenditures japan "exchange rate conversion - $47.2 billion, 1% of GDP (FY95/96)" );; line 57123 (wfb::source-text location jarvis_island "Oceania, island in the South Pacific Ocean, about one-half of the way from Hawaii to the Cook Islands" );; line 57133 (wfb::source-text map_references jarvis_island "Oceania" );; line 57138 (wfb::source-text area jarvis_island total_area "4.5 sq km" );; line 57143 (wfb::source-text area jarvis_island land_area "4.5 sq km" );; line 57145 (wfb::source-text area jarvis_island comparative_area "about 7.5 times the size of The Mall in Washington, DC" );; line 57147 (wfb::source-text borders jarvis_island "0 km" );; line 57151 (wfb::source-text coastline jarvis_island "8 km" );; line 57155 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims jarvis_island exclusive_economic_zone "200 nm" );; line 57160 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims jarvis_island territorial_sea "12 nm" );; line 57162 (wfb::source-text international_disputes jarvis_island "none" );; line 57166 (wfb::source-text climate jarvis_island "tropical; scant rainfall, constant wind, burning sun" );; line 57170 (wfb::source-text terrain jarvis_island "sandy, coral island surrounded by a narrow fringing reef" );; line 57174 (wfb::source-text natural-resource jarvis_island "guano (deposits worked until late 1800s)" );; line 57178 (wfb::source-text land_use jarvis_island arable_land "0%" );; line 57183 (wfb::source-text land_use jarvis_island permanent_crops "0%" );; line 57185 (wfb::source-text land_use jarvis_island meadows_and_pastures "0%" );; line 57187 (wfb::source-text land_use jarvis_island forest_and_woodland "0%" );; line 57189 (wfb::source-text land_use jarvis_island other "100%" );; line 57191 (wfb::source-text irrigated_land jarvis_island "0 sq km" );; line 57195 (wfb::source-text environment jarvis_island current_issues "no natural fresh water resources" );; line 57200 (wfb::source-text environment jarvis_island natural_hazards "the narrow fringing reef surrounding the island can be a maritime hazard" );; line 57202 (wfb::source-text environment jarvis_island international_agreements "NA" );; line 57205 (wfb::source-text note jarvis_island "sparse bunch grass, prostrate vines, and low-growing shrubs; primarily a nesting, roosting, and foraging habitat for seabirds, shorebirds, and marine wildlife; feral cats" );; line 57209 (wfb::source-text population jarvis_island "uninhabited; note - Millersville settlement on western side of island occasionally used as a weather station from 1935 until World War II, when it was abandoned; reoccupied in 1957 during the International Geophysical Year by scientists who left in 1958; public entry is by special-use permit only and generally restricted to scientists and educators" );; line 57217 (wfb::source-text names jarvis_island conventional_long_form "none" );; line 57227 (wfb::source-text names jarvis_island conventional_short_form "Jarvis Island" );; line 57229 (wfb::source-text digraph jarvis_island "DQ" );; line 57233 (wfb::source-text type jarvis_island "unincorporated territory of the US administered by the Fish and Wildlife Service of the US Department of the Interior as part of the National Wildlife Refuge System" );; line 57237 (wfb::source-text capital jarvis_island "none; administered from Washington, DC" );; line 57243 (wfb::source-text overview jarvis_island "no economic activity" );; line 57248 (wfb::source-text port jarvis_island "none; offshore anchorage only; note - there is one boat landing area in the middle of the west coast and another near the southwest corner of the island" );; line 57253 (wfb::source-text note jarvis_island "there is a day beacon near the middle of the west coast" );; line 57259 (wfb::source-text note jarvis_island "defense is the responsibility of the US; visited annually by the US Coast Guard" );; line 57269 (wfb::source-text location jersey "Western Europe, island in the English Channel, northwest of France" );; line 57280 (wfb::source-text map_references jersey "Europe" );; line 57285 (wfb::source-text area jersey total_area "117 sq km" );; line 57290 (wfb::source-text area jersey land_area "117 sq km" );; line 57292 (wfb::source-text area jersey comparative_area "about 0.7 times the size of Washington, DC" );; line 57294 (wfb::source-text borders jersey "0 km" );; line 57298 (wfb::source-text coastline jersey "70 km" );; line 57302 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims jersey exclusive_fishing_zone "200 nm" );; line 57307 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims jersey territorial_sea "3 nm" );; line 57309 (wfb::source-text international_disputes jersey "none" );; line 57313 (wfb::source-text climate jersey "temperate; mild winters and cool summers" );; line 57317 (wfb::source-text terrain jersey "gently rolling plain with low, rugged hills along north coast" );; line 57321 (wfb::source-text natural-resource jersey "agricultural land" );; line 57325 (wfb::source-text land_use jersey arable_land "57%" );; line 57330 (wfb::source-text land_use jersey permanent_crops "NA%" );; line 57332 (wfb::source-text land_use jersey meadows_and_pastures "NA%" );; line 57334 (wfb::source-text land_use jersey forest_and_woodland "NA%" );; line 57336 (wfb::source-text land_use jersey other "NA%" );; line 57338 (wfb::source-text irrigated_land jersey "NA sq km" );; line 57342 (wfb::source-text environment jersey current_issues "NA" );; line 57347 (wfb::source-text environment jersey natural_hazards "NA" );; line 57349 (wfb::source-text environment jersey international_agreements "NA" );; line 57351 (wfb::source-text note jersey "largest and southernmost of Channel Islands; about 30% of population concentrated in Saint Helier" );; line 57355 (wfb::source-text population jersey "86,649 (July 1995 est.)" );; line 57362 (wfb::source-text age_structure jersey 0-14_years "17% (female 7,029; male 7,450)" );; line 57367 (wfb::source-text age_structure jersey 15-64_years "69% (female 30,156; male 29,916)" );; line 57369 (wfb::source-text age_structure jersey 65_years_and_over "14% (female 7,202; male 4,896) (July 1995 est.)" );; line 57371 (wfb::source-text population_growth_rate jersey "0.7% (1995 est.)" );; line 57375 (wfb::source-text birth_rate jersey "12.83 births/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 57379 (wfb::source-text death_rate jersey "9.97 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 57383 (wfb::source-text net_migration_rate jersey "4.11 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 57387 (wfb::source-text infant_mortality_rate jersey "4.6 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.)" );; line 57391 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth jersey total_population "76.9 years" );; line 57396 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth jersey male "73.81 years" );; line 57398 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth jersey female "80.32 years (1995 est.)" );; line 57400 (wfb::source-text total_fertility_rate jersey "1.44 children born/woman (1995 est.)" );; line 57404 (wfb::source-text nationality jersey noun "Channel Islander(s)" );; line 57409 (wfb::source-text nationality jersey adjective "Channel Islander" );; line 57411 (wfb::source-text ethnic-entity jersey "UK and Norman-French descent" );; line 57415 (wfb::source-text religion jersey "Anglican, Roman Catholic, Baptist, Congregational New Church, Methodist, Presbyterian" );; line 57419 (wfb::source-text language jersey "English (official), French (official), Norman-French dialect spoken in country districts" );; line 57424 (wfb::source-text literacy jersey "NA%" );; line 57429 (wfb::source-text total_labor_force jersey "NA" );; line 57433 (wfb::source-text names jersey conventional_long_form "Bailiwick of Jersey" );; line 57439 (wfb::source-text names jersey conventional_short_form "Jersey" );; line 57441 (wfb::source-text digraph jersey "JE" );; line 57445 (wfb::source-text type jersey "British crown dependency" );; line 57449 (wfb::source-text capital jersey "Saint Helier" );; line 57453 (wfb::source-text administrative_divisions jersey "none (British crown dependency)" );; line 57457 (wfb::source-text independence jersey "none (British crown dependency)" );; line 57461 (wfb::source-text national_holiday jersey "Liberation Day, 9 May (1945)" );; line 57465 (wfb::source-text constitution jersey "unwritten; partly statutes, partly common law and practice" );; line 57469 (wfb::source-text legal_system jersey "English law and local statute" );; line 57473 (wfb::source-text suffrage jersey "NA years of age; universal adult" );; line 57477 (wfb::source-text executive_branch jersey chief_of_state "Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952)" );; line 57482 (wfb::source-text executive_branch jersey head_of_government "Lieutenant Governor and Commander in Chief Air Marshal Sir John SUTTON (since NA 1990); Bailiff Sir Peter L. CRILL (since NA)" );; line 57484 (wfb::source-text executive_branch jersey cabinet "committees; appointed by the States" );; line 57487 (wfb::source-text legislative_structure jersey "unicameral" );; line 57491 (wfb::source-text legislative_branch jersey assembly_of_the_states "elections last held NA (next to be held NA); results - no percent of vote by party since all are independents; seats - (56 total, 52 elected) 52 independents" );; line 57493 (wfb::source-text judicial_branch jersey "Royal Court" );; line 57499 (wfb::source-text political_parties_and_leaders jersey "none; all independents" );; line 57503 (wfb::source-text member_of jersey "none" );; line 57507 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us jersey "none (British crown dependency)" );; line 57511 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation jersey "none (British crown dependency)" );; line 57515 (wfb::source-text flag jersey "white with the diagonal red cross of Saint Patrick (patron saint of Ireland) extending to the corners of the flag" );; line 57519 (wfb::source-text overview jersey "The economy is based largely on financial services, agriculture, and tourism. Potatoes, cauliflower, tomatoes, and especially flowers are important export crops, shipped mostly to the UK. The Jersey breed of dairy cattle is known worldwide and represents an important export earner. Milk products go to the UK and other EU countries. In 1986 the finance sector overtook tourism as the main contributor to GDP, accounting for 40% of the island's output. In recent years the government has encouraged light industry to locate in Jersey, with the result that an electronics industry has developed alongside the traditional manufacturing of knitwear. All raw material and energy requirements are imported, as well as a large share of Jersey's food needs." );; line 57525 (wfb::source-text national_product jersey "GDP $NA" );; line 57538 (wfb::source-text national_product_real_growth_rate jersey "8% (1987 est.)" );; line 57542 (wfb::source-text national_product_per_capita jersey "$NA" );; line 57546 (wfb::source-text |Inflation rate (consumer prices)| jersey "8% (1988 est.)" );; line 57550 (wfb::source-text unemployment_rate jersey "NA%" );; line 57554 (wfb::source-text budget jersey revenues "$308 million" );; line 57559 (wfb::source-text budget jersey expenditures "$284.4 million, including capital expenditures of $NA (1985)" );; line 57561 (wfb::source-text exports jersey "$NA" );; line 57565 (wfb::source-text exports jersey commodities "light industrial and electrical goods, foodstuffs, textiles" );; line 57567 (wfb::source-text exports jersey partners "UK" );; line 57569 (wfb::source-text imports jersey "$NA" );; line 57573 (wfb::source-text imports jersey commodities "machinery and transport equipment, manufactured goods, foodstuffs, mineral fuels, chemicals" );; line 57575 (wfb::source-text imports jersey partners "UK" );; line 57578 (wfb::source-text external_debt jersey "$NA" );; line 57582 (wfb::source-text industrial_production jersey "growth rate NA%" );; line 57586 (wfb::source-text electricity jersey capacity "50,000 kW standby" );; line 57591 (wfb::source-text electricity jersey production "power supplied by France" );; line 57593 (wfb::source-text electricity jersey consumption_per_capita "NA kWh (1992)" );; line 57595 (wfb::source-text industry jersey "tourism, banking and finance, dairy" );; line 57599 (wfb::source-text agriculture jersey "potatoes, cauliflowers, tomatoes; dairy and cattle farming" );; line 57603 (wfb::source-text economic_aid jersey "none" );; line 57607 (wfb::source-text currency jersey "1 Jersey pound (#J) = 100 pence" );; line 57611 (wfb::source-text exchange_rates jersey "Jersey pounds (#J) per US$1 - 0.6250 (January 1995), 0.6529 (1994), 0.6658 (1993), 0.5664 (1992), 0.5652 (1991), 0.5603 (1990); the Jersey pound is at par with the British pound" );; line 57615 (wfb::source-text fiscal_year jersey "1 April - 31 March" );; line 57621 (wfb::source-text railroads jersey "0 km" );; line 57626 (wfb::source-text highways jersey total "NA" );; line 57631 (wfb::source-text highways jersey paved "NA" );; line 57633 (wfb::source-text highways jersey unpaved "NA" );; line 57635 (wfb::source-text port jersey "Gorey, Saint Aubin, Saint Helier" );; line 57639 (wfb::source-text merchant_marine jersey "none" );; line 57643 (wfb::source-text airports jersey total "1" );; line 57648 (wfb::source-text airports jersey |with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m| "1" );; line 57650 (wfb::source-text telephone_system jersey "63,700 telephones" );; line 57655 (wfb::source-text telephone_system jersey local "NA" );; line 57657 (wfb::source-text telephone_system jersey intercity "NA" );; line 57659 (wfb::source-text telephone_system jersey international "3 submarine cables" );; line 57661 (wfb::source-text radio jersey broadcast_stations "AM 1, FM 0, shortwave 0" );; line 57666 (wfb::source-text radio jersey radios "NA" );; line 57668 (wfb::source-text television jersey broadcast_stations "1" );; line 57673 (wfb::source-text television jersey televisions "NA" );; line 57675 (wfb::source-text note jersey "defense is the responsibility of the UK" );; line 57681 (wfb::source-text location johnston_atoll "Oceania, atoll in the North Pacific Ocean, about one-third of the way from Hawaii to the Marshall Islands" );; line 57691 (wfb::source-text map_references johnston_atoll "Oceania" );; line 57696 (wfb::source-text area johnston_atoll total_area "2.8 sq km" );; line 57701 (wfb::source-text area johnston_atoll land_area "2.8 sq km" );; line 57703 (wfb::source-text area johnston_atoll comparative_area "about 4.7 times the size of The Mall in Washington, DC" );; line 57705 (wfb::source-text borders johnston_atoll "0 km" );; line 57709 (wfb::source-text coastline johnston_atoll "10 km" );; line 57713 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims johnston_atoll exclusive_economic_zone "200 nm" );; line 57718 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims johnston_atoll territorial_sea "12 nm" );; line 57720 (wfb::source-text international_disputes johnston_atoll "none" );; line 57724 (wfb::source-text climate johnston_atoll "tropical, but generally dry; consistent northeast trade winds with little seasonal temperature variation" );; line 57728 (wfb::source-text terrain johnston_atoll "mostly flat with a maximum elevation of 4 meters" );; line 57733 (wfb::source-text natural-resource johnston_atoll "guano (deposits worked until about 1890)" );; line 57737 (wfb::source-text land_use johnston_atoll arable_land "0%" );; line 57742 (wfb::source-text land_use johnston_atoll permanent_crops "0%" );; line 57744 (wfb::source-text land_use johnston_atoll meadows_and_pastures "0%" );; line 57746 (wfb::source-text land_use johnston_atoll forest_and_woodland "0%" );; line 57748 (wfb::source-text land_use johnston_atoll other "100%" );; line 57750 (wfb::source-text irrigated_land johnston_atoll "0 sq km" );; line 57754 (wfb::source-text environment johnston_atoll current_issues "no natural fresh water resources" );; line 57759 (wfb::source-text environment johnston_atoll natural_hazards "NA" );; line 57761 (wfb::source-text environment johnston_atoll international_agreements "NA" );; line 57763 (wfb::source-text note johnston_atoll "strategic location in the North Pacific Ocean; Johnston Island and Sand Island are natural islands; North Island (Akau) and East Island (Hikina) are manmade islands formed from coral dredging; closed to the public; former nuclear weapons test site; site of Johnston Atoll Chemical Agent Disposal System (JACADS); some low-growing vegetation" );; line 57767 (wfb::source-text population johnston_atoll "327 (July 1995 est.)" );; line 57777 (wfb::source-text population_growth_rate johnston_atoll "0% (1995 est.)" );; line 57781 (wfb::source-text birth_rate johnston_atoll "NA" );; line 57785 (wfb::source-text death_rate johnston_atoll "NA" );; line 57789 (wfb::source-text net_migration_rate johnston_atoll "NA" );; line 57793 (wfb::source-text infant_mortality_rate johnston_atoll "NA" );; line 57797 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth johnston_atoll "NA" );; line 57801 (wfb::source-text total_fertility_rate johnston_atoll "NA" );; line 57805 (wfb::source-text names johnston_atoll conventional_long_form "none" );; line 57811 (wfb::source-text names johnston_atoll conventional_short_form "Johnston Atoll" );; line 57813 (wfb::source-text digraph johnston_atoll "JQ" );; line 57817 (wfb::source-text type johnston_atoll "unincorportated territory of the US administered by the US Defense Nuclear Agency (DNA) and managed cooperatively by DNA and the Fish and Wildlife Service of the US Department of the Interior as part of the National Wildlife Refuge system" );; line 57821 (wfb::source-text capital johnston_atoll "none" );; line 57828 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us johnston_atoll "none (territory of the US)" );; line 57832 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation johnston_atoll "none (territory of the US)" );; line 57836 (wfb::source-text flag johnston_atoll "the flag of the US is used" );; line 57840 (wfb::source-text overview johnston_atoll "Economic activity is limited to providing services to US military personnel and contractors located on the island. All food and manufactured goods must be imported." );; line 57845 (wfb::source-text electricity johnston_atoll "supplied by the management and operations contractor" );; line 57851 (wfb::source-text railroads johnston_atoll "0 km" );; line 57856 (wfb::source-text highways johnston_atoll total "NA" );; line 57861 (wfb::source-text highways johnston_atoll paved "NA" );; line 57863 (wfb::source-text highways johnston_atoll unpaved "NA" );; line 57865 (wfb::source-text port johnston_atoll "Johnston Island" );; line 57869 (wfb::source-text airports johnston_atoll total "1" );; line 57874 (wfb::source-text airports johnston_atoll |with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m| "1" );; line 57876 (wfb::source-text telephone_system johnston_atoll "NA telephones; excellent system including 60-channel submarine cable, Autodin/SRT terminal, digital telephone switch, Military Affiliated Radio System (MARS station), and UHF/VHF air-ground radio" );; line 57881 (wfb::source-text telephone_system johnston_atoll local "NA" );; line 57885 (wfb::source-text telephone_system johnston_atoll intercity "NA" );; line 57887 (wfb::source-text telephone_system johnston_atoll international "NA" );; line 57889 (wfb::source-text radio johnston_atoll broadcast_stations "AM NA, FM NA, shortwave NA" );; line 57894 (wfb::source-text radio johnston_atoll radios "NA" );; line 57896 (wfb::source-text television johnston_atoll broadcast_stations "commercial satellite television system" );; line 57901 (wfb::source-text television johnston_atoll televisions "NA" );; line 57903 (wfb::source-text note johnston_atoll "defense is the responsibility of the US" );; line 57909 (wfb::source-text location jordan "Middle East, northwest of Saudi Arabia" );; line 57920 (wfb::source-text map_references jordan "Middle East" );; line 57924 (wfb::source-text area jordan total_area "89,213 sq km" );; line 57929 (wfb::source-text area jordan land_area "88,884 sq km" );; line 57931 (wfb::source-text area jordan comparative_area "slightly smaller than Indiana" );; line 57933 (wfb::source-text borders jordan "total 1,619 km, Iraq 181 km, Israel 238 km, Saudi Arabia 728 km, Syria 375 km, West Bank 97 km" );; line 57937 (wfb::source-text coastline jordan "26 km" );; line 57942 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims jordan territorial_sea "3 nm" );; line 57947 (wfb::source-text international_disputes jordan "none" );; line 57951 (wfb::source-text climate jordan "mostly arid desert; rainy season in west (November to April)" );; line 57955 (wfb::source-text terrain jordan "mostly desert plateau in east, highland area in west; Great Rift Valley separates East and West Banks of the Jordan River" );; line 57959 (wfb::source-text natural-resource jordan "phosphates, potash, shale oil" );; line 57964 (wfb::source-text land_use jordan arable_land "4%" );; line 57969 (wfb::source-text land_use jordan permanent_crops "0.5%" );; line 57971 (wfb::source-text land_use jordan meadows_and_pastures "1%" );; line 57973 (wfb::source-text land_use jordan forest_and_woodland "0.5%" );; line 57975 (wfb::source-text land_use jordan other "94%" );; line 57977 (wfb::source-text irrigated_land jordan "570 sq km (1989 est.)" );; line 57981 (wfb::source-text environment jordan current_issues "limited natural fresh water resources; deforestation; overgrazing; soil erosion; desertification" );; line 57986 (wfb::source-text environment jordan natural_hazards "NA" );; line 57989 (wfb::source-text environment jordan international_agreements "party to - Biodiversity, Climate Change, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Marine Dumping, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands" );; line 57991 (wfb::source-text population jordan "4,100,709 (July 1995 est.)" );; line 57999 (wfb::source-text age_structure jordan 0-14_years "44% (female 884,462; male 930,266)" );; line 58004 (wfb::source-text age_structure jordan 15-64_years "53% (female 1,058,060; male 1,119,347)" );; line 58006 (wfb::source-text age_structure jordan 65_years_and_over "3% (female 53,709; male 54,865) (July 1995 est.)" );; line 58008 (wfb::source-text population_growth_rate jordan "2.69% (1995 est.)" );; line 58012 (wfb::source-text birth_rate jordan "37.32 births/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 58016 (wfb::source-text death_rate jordan "4.02 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 58020 (wfb::source-text net_migration_rate jordan "-6.4 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 58024 (wfb::source-text infant_mortality_rate jordan "32.3 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.)" );; line 58028 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth jordan total_population "72.27 years" );; line 58033 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth jordan male "70.43 years" );; line 58035 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth jordan female "74.21 years (1995 est.)" );; line 58037 (wfb::source-text total_fertility_rate jordan "5.25 children born/woman (1995 est.)" );; line 58041 (wfb::source-text nationality jordan noun "Jordanian(s)" );; line 58046 (wfb::source-text nationality jordan adjective "Jordanian" );; line 58048 (wfb::source-text ethnic-entity jordan "Arab 98%, Circassian 1%, Armenian 1%" );; line 58052 (wfb::source-text religion jordan "Sunni Muslim 92%, Christian 8%" );; line 58056 (wfb::source-text language jordan "Arabic (official), English widely understood among upper and middle classes" );; line 58060 (wfb::source-text literacy jordan "age 15 and over can read and write (1991)" );; line 58065 (wfb::source-text literacy jordan total_population "83%" );; line 58067 (wfb::source-text literacy jordan male "91%" );; line 58069 (wfb::source-text literacy jordan female "75%" );; line 58071 (wfb::source-text total_labor_force jordan "600,000 (1992)" );; line 58075 (wfb::source-text labor_force_by_occupation jordan by_occupation "industry 11.4%, commerce, restaurants, and hotels 10.5%, construction 10.0%, transport and communications 8.7%, agriculture 7.4%, other services 52.0% (1992)" );; line 58077 (wfb::source-text names jordan conventional_long_form "Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan" );; line 58085 (wfb::source-text names jordan conventional_short_form "Jordan" );; line 58087 (wfb::source-text names jordan local_long_form "Al Mamlakah al Urduniyah al Hashimiyah" );; line 58089 (wfb::source-text names jordan local_short_form "Al Urdun" );; line 58091 (wfb::source-text names jordan former "Transjordan" );; line 58093 (wfb::source-text digraph jordan "JO" );; line 58097 (wfb::source-text type jordan "constitutional monarchy" );; line 58101 (wfb::source-text capital jordan "Amman" );; line 58105 (wfb::source-text administrative_divisions jordan "8 governorates (muhafazat, singular - muhafazah); Al Balqa', Al Karak, Al Mafraq, 'Amman, At Tafilah, Az Zarqa', Irbid, Ma'an" );; line 58109 (wfb::source-text independence jordan "25 May 1946 (from League of Nations mandate under British administration)" );; line 58114 (wfb::source-text national_holiday jordan "Independence Day, 25 May (1946)" );; line 58119 (wfb::source-text constitution jordan "8 January 1952" );; line 58123 (wfb::source-text legal_system jordan "based on Islamic law and French codes; judicial review of legislative acts in a specially provided High Tribunal; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction" );; line 58127 (wfb::source-text suffrage jordan "20 years of age; universal" );; line 58133 (wfb::source-text executive_branch jordan chief_of_state "King HUSSEIN Bin Talal Al Hashimi (since 11 August 1952)" );; line 58138 (wfb::source-text executive_branch jordan head_of_government "Prime Minister Zayd BIN SHAKIR (since 8 January 1995)" );; line 58140 (wfb::source-text executive_branch jordan cabinet "Cabinet appointed by the monarch" );; line 58142 (wfb::source-text legislative_structure jordan "bicameral National Assembly (Majlis al-'Umma)" );; line 58146 (wfb::source-text legislative_branch jordan |House of Notables (Majlis al-A'ayan)| "consists of a 40-member body appointed by the king from designated categories of public figures" );; line 58148 (wfb::source-text legislative_branch jordan house_of_representatives "elections last held 8 November 1993 (next to be held NA November 1997); results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (80 total) Muslim Brotherhood (fundamentalist) 16, Independent Islamic bloc (generally traditionalist) 6, Radical leftist 3, pro-government 55" );; line 58151 (wfb::source-text judicial_branch jordan "Court of Cassation" );; line 58162 (wfb::source-text political_parties_and_leaders jordan "Al-'Ahd (Pledge) Party, Sec. Gen. 'Abd al-Hadi al-MAJALI; Al-Ahrar (Liberals) Party, Sec. Gen. Ahmad al-ZU'BI; Al-Hurriyah (Freedom) Party, Sec. Gen. Fawwaz al-ZUBI; Al-Watan (Homeland) Party, leader 'Akif al-FAYIZ; Al-Yaqazah (Awakening) Party, Sec. Gen. 'Abd al-Ra'uf al-RAWABIDAH; Constitutional Jordanian Arab Front Party, leader Milhim al-TALL; Democratic Arab Islamic Movement Party-Du'a', Sec. Gen. Yusuf Abu BAKR; Democratic Arab Unionist Party-Wad, Sec. Gen. Anis al-MU'ASHIR; Islamic Action Front (IAF), Sec. Gen. Ishaq al-FARHAN; Jordanian Arab Democratic Party, Sec. Gen. Mu'nis al-RAZZAZ; Jordanian Arab Masses Party, Sec. Gen. 'Abd al-Khaliq SHATAT; Jordanian Arab Socialist Ba'th Party, Command First Secretary Taysir al-HIMSI; Jordanian Communist Party (JCP), Sec. Gen. Ya'qub ZAYADIN; Jordanian Democratic Popular Unity Party, Sec. Gen. 'Azmi al-KHAWAJA; Jordanian Democratic Progressive Party, Sec. Gen. 'Ali 'AMIR; Jordanian National Alliance Party, Sec. Gen. Mijhim al-KHURAYSHAH; Jordanian People's Democratic Party-Hashd, Sec. Gen. Taysir al-ZIBRI; Jordanian Socialist Democratic Party, Sec. Gen. 'Isa MADANAT; Pan-Arab Action Front Party, Sec. Gen. Muhammad al-ZU'BI; Popular Unity Party-the Unionists, Sec. Gen. Talal al-RAMAHI; Progress and Justice Party, Sec. Gen. 'Ali al-SA'D; Progressive Arab Ba'th Party, Command Secretary Mahmud al-MA'AYITAH; Al-Mustaqbal (Future) Party, Sec. Gen. Sulayman 'ARAR" );; line 58166 (wfb::source-text member_of jordan "ABEDA, ACC, AFESD, AL, AMF, CAEU, CCC, ESCWA, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, IOM (observer), ISO (correspondent), ITU, NAM, OIC, PCA, UN, UNAVEM II, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNOMIL, UNOMOZ, UNPROFOR, UNRWA, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO" );; line 58188 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us jordan chief_of_mission "Ambassador Fayiz A. TARAWNEH" );; line 58197 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us jordan chancery "3504 International Drive NW, Washington, DC 20008" );; line 58199 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us jordan telephone "[1] (202) 966-2664" );; line 58201 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us jordan fax "[1] (202) 966-3110" );; line 58203 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation jordan chief_of_mission "Ambassador Wesley E. EGAN, Jr." );; line 58208 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation jordan embassy "Jabel Amman, Amman" );; line 58210 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation jordan mailing_address "P. O. Box 354, Amman 11118 Jordan; APO AE 09892-0200" );; line 58212 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation jordan telephone "[962] (6) 820101" );; line 58214 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation jordan fax "[962] (6) 820159" );; line 58216 (wfb::source-text flag jordan "three equal horizontal bands of black (top), white, and green with a red isosceles triangle based on the hoist side bearing a small white seven-pointed star; the seven points on the star represent the seven fundamental laws of the Koran" );; line 58220 (wfb::source-text overview jordan "Jordan benefited from increased Arab aid during the oil boom of the late 1970s and early 1980s, when its annual real GNP growth averaged more than 10%. In the remainder of the 1980s, however, reductions in both Arab aid and worker remittances slowed real economic growth to an average of roughly 2% per year. Imports - mainly oil, capital goods, consumer durables, and food - outstripped exports, with the difference covered by aid, remittances, and borrowing. In mid-1989, the Jordanian Government began debt-rescheduling negotiations and agreed to implement an IMF-supported program designed to gradually reduce the budget deficit and implement badly needed structural reforms. The Persian Gulf crisis that began in August 1990, however, aggravated Jordan's already serious economic problems, forcing the government to shelve the IMF program, stop most debt payments, and suspend rescheduling negotiations. Aid from Gulf Arab states, worker remittances, and trade contracted; and refugees flooded the country, producing serious balance-of-payments problems, stunting GDP growth, and straining government resources. The economy rebounded in 1992, largely due to the influx of capital repatriated by workers returning from the Gulf, but the recovery was uneven throughout 1994. The government is implementing the reform program adopted in 1992 and continues to secure rescheduling and write-offs of its heavy foreign debt. Debt, poverty, and unemployment remain Jordan's biggest on-going problems." );; line 58228 (wfb::source-text national_product jordan "GDP - purchasing power parity - $17 billion (1994 est.)" );; line 58251 (wfb::source-text national_product_real_growth_rate jordan "5.5% (1994 est.)" );; line 58255 (wfb::source-text national_product_per_capita jordan "$4,280 (1994 est.)" );; line 58259 (wfb::source-text |Inflation rate (consumer prices)| jordan "6% (1994 est.)" );; line 58263 (wfb::source-text unemployment_rate jordan "16% (1994 est.)" );; line 58267 (wfb::source-text budget jordan revenues "$2 billion" );; line 58272 (wfb::source-text budget jordan expenditures "$2.4 billion, including capital expenditures of $630 million (1995 est.)" );; line 58274 (wfb::source-text exports jordan "$1.4 billion (f.o.b., 1994)" );; line 58279 (wfb::source-text exports jordan commodities "phosphates, fertilizers, potash, agricultural products, manufactures" );; line 58281 (wfb::source-text exports jordan partners "India, Iraq, Saudi Arabia, EU, Indonesia, UAE" );; line 58284 (wfb::source-text imports jordan "$3.5 billion (c.i.f., 1994)" );; line 58288 (wfb::source-text imports jordan commodities "crude oil, machinery, transport equipment, food, live animals, manufactured goods" );; line 58290 (wfb::source-text imports jordan partners "EU, US, Iraq, Japan, Turkey" );; line 58293 (wfb::source-text external_debt jordan "$6 billion (March 1995 est.)" );; line 58297 (wfb::source-text industrial_production jordan "growth rate 3% (1993 est.); accounts for 20% of GDP" );; line 58301 (wfb::source-text electricity jordan capacity "1,050,000 kW" );; line 58306 (wfb::source-text electricity jordan production "4.2 billion kWh" );; line 58308 (wfb::source-text electricity jordan consumption_per_capita "1,072 kWh (1993)" );; line 58310 (wfb::source-text industry jordan "phosphate mining, petroleum refining, cement, potash, light manufacturing" );; line 58314 (wfb::source-text agriculture jordan "accounts for about 8% of GDP; wheat, barley, citrus fruit, tomatoes, melons, olives; sheep, goats, poultry; large net importer of food" );; line 58319 (wfb::source-text economic_aid jordan recipient "US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-89), $1.7 billion; Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-89), $1.5 billion; OPEC bilateral aid (1979-89), $9.5 billion; Communist countries (1970-89), $44 million" );; line 58325 (wfb::source-text currency jordan "1 Jordanian dinar (JD) = 1,000 fils" );; line 58332 (wfb::source-text exchange_rates jordan "Jordanian dinars (JD) per US$1 - 0.6994 (January 1995), 0.5987 (1994), 0.6928 (1993), 0.6797 (1992), 0.6808 (1991), 0.6636 (1990)" );; line 58336 (wfb::source-text fiscal_year jordan "calendar year" );; line 58341 (wfb::source-text railroads jordan total "789 km" );; line 58347 (wfb::source-text railroads jordan narrow_gauge "789 km 1.050-m gauge" );; line 58349 (wfb::source-text highways jordan total "7,500 km" );; line 58354 (wfb::source-text highways jordan paved "asphalt 5,500 km" );; line 58356 (wfb::source-text highways jordan unpaved "gravel, crushed stone 2,000 km" );; line 58358 (wfb::source-text pipelines jordan "crude oil 209 km" );; line 58362 (wfb::source-text port jordan "Al'Aqabah" );; line 58366 (wfb::source-text merchant_marine jordan total "2 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 61,678 GRT/113,080 DWT" );; line 58371 (wfb::source-text merchant_marine jordan ships_by_type "bulk 1, oil tanker 1" );; line 58373 (wfb::source-text airports jordan total "17" );; line 58378 (wfb::source-text airports jordan |with paved runways over 3,047 m| "9" );; line 58380 (wfb::source-text airports jordan |with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m| "4" );; line 58382 (wfb::source-text airports jordan |with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m| "1" );; line 58384 (wfb::source-text airports jordan with_paved_runways_under_914_m "2" );; line 58386 (wfb::source-text airports jordan |with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m| "1" );; line 58388 (wfb::source-text telephone_system jordan "81,500 telephones; adequate telephone system" );; line 58393 (wfb::source-text telephone_system jordan local "NA microwave, cable, and radio links" );; line 58395 (wfb::source-text telephone_system jordan intercity "NA" );; line 58397 (wfb::source-text telephone_system jordan international "2 INTELSAT (1 Atlantic Ocean and 1 Indian Ocean) and 1 ARABSAT earth station; coaxial cable and microwave to Iraq, Saudi Arabia, and Syria; microwave link to Lebanon is inactive; participant in MEDARABTEL, a microwave radio relay network linking Syria, Jordan, Egypt, Libya, Tunisia, Algeria, and Morocco" );; line 58399 (wfb::source-text radio jordan broadcast_stations "AM 5, FM 7, shortwave 0" );; line 58408 (wfb::source-text radio jordan radios "NA" );; line 58410 (wfb::source-text television jordan broadcast_stations "8 and 1 TV receive-only satellite link" );; line 58415 (wfb::source-text television jordan televisions "NA" );; line 58417 (wfb::source-text defense_branch jordan "Jordanian Armed Forces (JAF; includes Royal Jordanian Land Force, Royal Naval Force, and Royal Jordanian Air Force); Ministry of the Interior's Public Security Force (falls under JAF only in wartime or crisis situations)" );; line 58423 (wfb::source-text manpower_availability jordan "males age 15-49 981,004; males fit for military service 699,891; males reach military age (18) annually 45,494 (1995 est.)" );; line 58430 (wfb::source-text defense_expenditures jordan "exchange rate conversion - $564.2 million, 9.1% of GDP (1995 est.)" );; line 58435 (wfb::source-text location juan_de_nova_island "Southern Africa, island in the Mozambique Channel, about one-third of the way between Madagascar and Mozambique" );; line 58446 (wfb::source-text map_references juan_de_nova_island "Africa" );; line 58451 (wfb::source-text area juan_de_nova_island total_area "4.4 sq km" );; line 58456 (wfb::source-text area juan_de_nova_island land_area "4.4 sq km" );; line 58458 (wfb::source-text area juan_de_nova_island comparative_area "about 7.5 times the size of The Mall in Washington, DC" );; line 58460 (wfb::source-text borders juan_de_nova_island "0 km" );; line 58464 (wfb::source-text coastline juan_de_nova_island "24.1 km" );; line 58468 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims juan_de_nova_island contiguous_zone "12 nm" );; line 58473 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims juan_de_nova_island continental_shelf "200-m depth or to depth of exploitation" );; line 58475 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims juan_de_nova_island exclusive_economic_zone "200 nm" );; line 58477 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims juan_de_nova_island territorial_sea "12 nm" );; line 58479 (wfb::source-text international_disputes juan_de_nova_island "claimed by Madagascar" );; line 58483 (wfb::source-text climate juan_de_nova_island "tropical" );; line 58487 (wfb::source-text terrain juan_de_nova_island "NA" );; line 58491 (wfb::source-text natural-resource juan_de_nova_island "guano deposits and other fertilizers" );; line 58495 (wfb::source-text land_use juan_de_nova_island arable_land "0%" );; line 58500 (wfb::source-text land_use juan_de_nova_island permanent_crops "0%" );; line 58502 (wfb::source-text land_use juan_de_nova_island meadows_and_pastures "0%" );; line 58504 (wfb::source-text land_use juan_de_nova_island forest_and_woodland "90%" );; line 58506 (wfb::source-text land_use juan_de_nova_island other "10%" );; line 58508 (wfb::source-text irrigated_land juan_de_nova_island "0 sq km" );; line 58512 (wfb::source-text environment juan_de_nova_island current_issues "NA" );; line 58517 (wfb::source-text environment juan_de_nova_island natural_hazards "periodic cyclones" );; line 58519 (wfb::source-text environment juan_de_nova_island international_agreements "NA" );; line 58521 (wfb::source-text note juan_de_nova_island "wildlife sanctuary" );; line 58525 (wfb::source-text population juan_de_nova_island "uninhabited" );; line 58531 (wfb::source-text names juan_de_nova_island conventional_long_form "none" );; line 58537 (wfb::source-text names juan_de_nova_island conventional_short_form "Juan de Nova Island" );; line 58539 (wfb::source-text names juan_de_nova_island local_long_form "none" );; line 58541 (wfb::source-text names juan_de_nova_island local_short_form "Ile Juan de Nova" );; line 58543 (wfb::source-text digraph juan_de_nova_island "JU" );; line 58547 (wfb::source-text type juan_de_nova_island "French possession administered by Commissioner of the Republic, resident in Reunion" );; line 58551 (wfb::source-text capital juan_de_nova_island "none; administered by France from Reunion" );; line 58556 (wfb::source-text independence juan_de_nova_island "none (possession of France)" );; line 58560 (wfb::source-text overview juan_de_nova_island "no economic activity" );; line 58565 (wfb::source-text railroads juan_de_nova_island total "NA km; short line going to a jetty" );; line 58571 (wfb::source-text port juan_de_nova_island "none; offshore anchorage only" );; line 58575 (wfb::source-text airports juan_de_nova_island total "1" );; line 58580 (wfb::source-text airports juan_de_nova_island |with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m| "1" );; line 58582 (wfb::source-text note juan_de_nova_island "defense is the responsibility of France" );; line 58592 (wfb::source-text location kazakhstan "Central Asia, northwest of China" );; line 58603 (wfb::source-text map_references kazakhstan "Commonwealth of Independent States - Central Asian States" );; line 58607 (wfb::source-text area kazakhstan total_area "2,717,300 sq km" );; line 58612 (wfb::source-text area kazakhstan land_area "2,669,800 sq km" );; line 58614 (wfb::source-text area kazakhstan comparative_area "slightly less than four times the size of Texas" );; line 58616 (wfb::source-text borders kazakhstan "total 12,012 km, China 1,533 km, Kyrgyzstan 1,051 km, Russia 6,846 km, Turkmenistan 379 km, Uzbekistan 2,203 km" );; line 58620 (wfb::source-text coastline kazakhstan "0 km (landlocked)" );; line 58625 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims kazakhstan "none; landlocked" );; line 58632 (wfb::source-text international_disputes kazakhstan "Caspian Sea boundaries are not yet determined" );; line 58636 (wfb::source-text climate kazakhstan "continental, cold winters and hot summers, arid and semiarid" );; line 58640 (wfb::source-text terrain kazakhstan "extends from the Volga to the Altai Mountains and from the plains in western Siberia to oasis and desert in Central Asia" );; line 58644 (wfb::source-text natural-resource kazakhstan "major deposits of petroleum, coal, iron ore, manganese, chrome ore, nickel, cobalt, copper, molybdenum, lead, zinc, bauxite, gold, uranium" );; line 58649 (wfb::source-text land_use kazakhstan arable_land "15%" );; line 58656 (wfb::source-text land_use kazakhstan permanent_crops "NEGL%" );; line 58658 (wfb::source-text land_use kazakhstan meadows_and_pastures "57%" );; line 58660 (wfb::source-text land_use kazakhstan forest_and_woodland "4%" );; line 58662 (wfb::source-text land_use kazakhstan other "24%" );; line 58664 (wfb::source-text irrigated_land kazakhstan "23,080 sq km (1990)" );; line 58668 (wfb::source-text environment kazakhstan current_issues "radioactive or toxic chemical sites associated with its former defense industries and test ranges are found throughout the country and pose health risks for humans and animals; industrial pollution is severe in some cities; because the two main rivers which flowed into the Aral Sea have been diverted for irrigation, it is drying up and leaving behind a harmful layer of chemical pesticides and natural salts; these substances are then picked up by the wind and blown into noxious dust storms; pollution in the Caspian Sea; soil pollution from overuse of agricultural chemicals and salinization from faulty irrigation practices" );; line 58673 (wfb::source-text environment kazakhstan natural_hazards "NA" );; line 58683 (wfb::source-text environment kazakhstan international_agreements "party to - Biodiversity, Ship Pollution; signed, but not ratified - Climate Change, Desertification" );; line 58685 (wfb::source-text note kazakhstan "landlocked" );; line 58690 (wfb::source-text population kazakhstan "17,376,615 (July 1995 est.)" );; line 58696 (wfb::source-text age_structure kazakhstan 0-14_years "30% (female 2,589,509; male 2,664,952)" );; line 58701 (wfb::source-text age_structure kazakhstan 15-64_years "63% (female 5,531,519; male 5,371,563)" );; line 58703 (wfb::source-text age_structure kazakhstan 65_years_and_over "7% (female 820,900; male 398,172) (July 1995 est.)" );; line 58705 (wfb::source-text population_growth_rate kazakhstan "0.62% (1995 est.)" );; line 58709 (wfb::source-text birth_rate kazakhstan "19.26 births/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 58713 (wfb::source-text death_rate kazakhstan "7.93 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 58717 (wfb::source-text net_migration_rate kazakhstan "-5.11 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 58721 (wfb::source-text infant_mortality_rate kazakhstan "40 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.)" );; line 58725 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth kazakhstan total_population "68.25 years" );; line 58730 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth kazakhstan male "63.61 years" );; line 58732 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth kazakhstan female "73.13 years (1995 est.)" );; line 58734 (wfb::source-text total_fertility_rate kazakhstan "2.43 children born/woman (1995 est.)" );; line 58738 (wfb::source-text nationality kazakhstan noun "Kazakhstani(s)" );; line 58743 (wfb::source-text nationality kazakhstan adjective "Kazakhstani" );; line 58745 (wfb::source-text ethnic-entity kazakhstan "Kazakh (Qazaq) 41.9%, Russian 37%, Ukrainian 5.2%, German 4.7%, Uzbek 2.1%, Tatar 2%, other 7.1% (1991 official data)" );; line 58749 (wfb::source-text religion kazakhstan "Muslim 47%, Russian Orthodox 44%, Protestant 2%, other 7%" );; line 58754 (wfb::source-text language kazakhstan "Kazakh (Qazaqz) official language spoken by over 40% of population, Russian (language of interethnic communication) spoken by two-thirds of population and used in everyday business" );; line 58758 (wfb::source-text literacy kazakhstan "age 15 and over can read and write (1989)" );; line 58764 (wfb::source-text literacy kazakhstan total_population "98%" );; line 58766 (wfb::source-text literacy kazakhstan male "99%" );; line 58768 (wfb::source-text literacy kazakhstan female "96%" );; line 58770 (wfb::source-text total_labor_force kazakhstan "7.356 million" );; line 58774 (wfb::source-text labor_force_by_occupation kazakhstan by_occupation "industry and construction 31%, agriculture and forestry 26%, other 43% (1992)" );; line 58776 (wfb::source-text names kazakhstan conventional_long_form "Republic of Kazakhstan" );; line 58783 (wfb::source-text names kazakhstan conventional_short_form "Kazakhstan" );; line 58785 (wfb::source-text names kazakhstan local_long_form "Qazaqstan Respublikasy" );; line 58787 (wfb::source-text names kazakhstan local_short_form "none" );; line 58789 (wfb::source-text names kazakhstan former "Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic" );; line 58791 (wfb::source-text digraph kazakhstan "KZ" );; line 58795 (wfb::source-text type kazakhstan "republic" );; line 58799 (wfb::source-text capital kazakhstan "Almaty" );; line 58803 (wfb::source-text administrative_divisions kazakhstan "19 oblystar (singular - oblys) and 1 city (qalalar, singular - qala)*; Almaty Qalasy*, Almaty Oblysy, Aqmola Oblysy, Aqtobe Oblysy, Atyrau Oblysy, Batys Qazaqstan Oblysy (Oral), Kokshetau Oblysy, Mangghystau Oblysy (Aqtau), Ongtustik Qazaqstan Oblysy (Shymkent), Qaraghandy Oblysy, Qostanay Oblysy, Qyzylorda Oblysy, Pavlodar Oblysy, Semey Oblysy, Shyghys Qazaqstan Oblysy (Oskemen; formerly Ust'-Kamenogorsk), Soltustik Qazaqstan Oblysy (Petropavl), Taldyqorghan Oblysy, Torghay Oblysy, Zhambyl Oblysy, Zhezqazghan Oblysy" );; line 58807 (wfb::source-text independence kazakhstan "16 December 1991 (from the Soviet Union)" );; line 58821 (wfb::source-text national_holiday kazakhstan "Independence Day, 16 December (1991)" );; line 58825 (wfb::source-text constitution kazakhstan "adopted 28 January 1993" );; line 58829 (wfb::source-text legal_system kazakhstan "based on civil law system" );; line 58833 (wfb::source-text suffrage kazakhstan "18 years of age; universal" );; line 58837 (wfb::source-text executive_branch kazakhstan chief_of_state "President Nursultan NAZARBAYEV (since NA April 1990); Vice President Yerik ASANBAYEV (since 1 December 1991); election last held 1 December 1991 (next to be held NA 1996); results - Nursultan A. NAZARBAYEV ran unopposed; note - NAZARBAYEV has extended his term to the year 2000 by a nationwide referendum held 30 April 1995" );; line 58842 (wfb::source-text executive_branch kazakhstan head_of_government "Prime Minister Akezhan KAZHEGELDIN (since 12 October 1994); First Deputy Prime Ministers Nigmatzhan ISINGARIN (since 12 October 1994) and Vitalia METTE (since March 1995)" );; line 58848 (wfb::source-text executive_branch kazakhstan cabinet "Council of Ministers; appointed by the prime minister" );; line 58852 (wfb::source-text legislative_structure kazakhstan "unicameral" );; line 58856 (wfb::source-text legislative_branch kazakhstan supreme_council "elections last held 7 March 1994 (next to be held NA 1999); results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (177 total) Union Peoples' Unity of Kazakhstan 33, Confederation of Trade Unions of the Republic of Kazakhstan 11, Peoples' Congress of Kazakhstan Party 9, Socialist Party of Kazakhstan 8, Peasant Union of the Republic Kazakhstan 4, Social Movement LAD 4, Organization of Veterans 1, Union of Youth of Kazakhstan 1, Democratic Committee for Human Rights 1, Association of Lawyers of Kazakhstan 1, International Public Committee \"Aral-Asia-Kazakhstan\" 1, Congress of Entrepreneurs of Kazakhstan 1, Deputies of the 12th Supreme Soviet 40, independents 62" );; line 58858 (wfb::source-text judicial_branch kazakhstan "Supreme Court" );; line 58873 (wfb::source-text political_parties_and_leaders kazakhstan "People's Unity Party (PUP; was Union of People's Unity), Kuanysh SULTANOV, chairman; People's Congress of Kazakhstan (PCK), Olzhas SULEYMENOV, chairman; Socialist Party of Kazakhstan (SPK; former Communist Party), Yermukhamet YERTYSHBAYEV, co-chairman; Republican Party (Azat), Kamal ORMANTAYEV, chairman; Democratic Progress (Russian) Party, Alexandra DOKUCHAYEVA, chairman; Confederation of Trade Unions of the Republic of Kazakhstan; Peasant Union of the Republic Kazakhstan (KPU); Social Movement LAD, V. MIKHAYLOV, chairman; Union of Youth of Kazakhstan; Democratic Committee for Human Rights; Association of Lawyers of Kazakhstan; International Public Committee \"Aral-Asia-Kazakhstan\"; Congress of Entrepreneurs of Kazakhstan; Deputies of the 12th Supreme Soviet; People's Cooperative Party, Umirzak SARSENOV, chairman; Organization of Veterans" );; line 58877 (wfb::source-text other_political_or_pressure_groups kazakhstan "Independent Trade Union Center (Birlesu; an association of independent trade union and business associations), Leonid SOLOMIN, president" );; line 58892 (wfb::source-text member_of kazakhstan "AsDB, CCC, CIS, EBRD, ECO, ESCAP, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFC, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT (nonsignatory user), INTERPOL, IOC, ITU, NACC, OIC (observer), OSCE, PFP, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO" );; line 58897 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us kazakhstan chief_of_mission "Ambassador Tuleutai S. SULEYMENOV" );; line 58904 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us kazakhstan chancery "(temporary) 3421 Massachusetts Avenue, NW, Washington, DC 20008" );; line 58906 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us kazakhstan telephone "[1] (202) 333-4504 through 4507" );; line 58908 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us kazakhstan fax "[1] (202) 333-4509" );; line 58910 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation kazakhstan chief_of_mission "Ambassador William H. COURTNEY" );; line 58915 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation kazakhstan embassy "99/97 Furmanova Street, Almaty, Republic of Kazakhstan 480012" );; line 58917 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation kazakhstan mailing_address "use embassy street address" );; line 58919 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation kazakhstan telephone "[7] (3272) 63-24-26" );; line 58921 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation kazakhstan fax "[7] (3272) 63-38-83" );; line 58923 (wfb::source-text flag kazakhstan "sky blue background representing the endless sky and a gold sun with 32 rays soaring above a golden steppe eagle in the center; on the hoist side is a \"national ornamentation\" in yellow" );; line 58927 (wfb::source-text overview kazakhstan "Kazakhstan, the second largest of the former Soviet states in territory, possesses enormous untapped fossil-fuel reserves as well as plentiful supplies of other minerals and metals. It also has considerable agricultural potential with its vast steppe lands accommodating both livestock and grain production. Kazakhstan's industrial sector rests on the extraction and processing of these natural resources and also on a relatively large machine building sector specializing in construction equipment, tractors, agricultural machinery, and some defense items. The breakup of the USSR and the collapse of demand for Kazakhstan's traditional heavy industry products have resulted in a sharp contraction of the economy since 1991, with the steepest annual decline occurring in 1994. The government has pursued a moderate program of economic reform and privatization which is gradually lifting state controls over economic activity and shifting assets into the private sector. Nevertheless, government control over key sectors of the economy remains strong. Sustained economic hardships and continued pressures from industrial elites will make it difficult for the government to sustain its policies of monetary and fiscal discipline which had brought down inflation by the end of 1994. Continued lack of pipeline transportation for expanded oil exports has closed off a likely source of economic recovery." );; line 58934 (wfb::source-text national_product kazakhstan "GDP - purchasing power parity - $55.2 billion (1994 estimate as extrapolated from World Bank estimate for 1992)" );; line 58956 (wfb::source-text national_product_real_growth_rate kazakhstan "-25% (1994 est.)" );; line 58961 (wfb::source-text national_product_per_capita kazakhstan "$3,200 (1994 est.)" );; line 58965 (wfb::source-text |Inflation rate (consumer prices)| kazakhstan "24% per month (1994 est.)" );; line 58969 (wfb::source-text unemployment_rate kazakhstan "1.1% includes only officially registered unemployed; also large numbers of underemployed workers (1994)" );; line 58973 (wfb::source-text budget kazakhstan revenues "$NA" );; line 58979 (wfb::source-text budget kazakhstan expenditures "$NA, including capital expenditures of $NA" );; line 58981 (wfb::source-text exports kazakhstan "$3.1 billion (1994)" );; line 58985 (wfb::source-text exports kazakhstan commodities "oil, ferrous and nonferrous metals, chemicals, grain, wool, meat, coal" );; line 58987 (wfb::source-text exports kazakhstan partners "Russia, Ukraine, Uzbekistan" );; line 58990 (wfb::source-text imports kazakhstan "$3.5 billion (1994)" );; line 58994 (wfb::source-text imports kazakhstan commodities "machinery and parts, industrial materials, oil and gas" );; line 58996 (wfb::source-text imports kazakhstan partners "Russia and other former Soviet republics, China" );; line 58998 (wfb::source-text external_debt kazakhstan "less than $1 billion debt to Russia" );; line 59002 (wfb::source-text industrial_production kazakhstan "growth rate -28% (1994)" );; line 59006 (wfb::source-text electricity kazakhstan capacity "17,380,000 kW" );; line 59011 (wfb::source-text electricity kazakhstan production "65.1 billion kWh" );; line 59013 (wfb::source-text electricity kazakhstan consumption_per_capita "3,750 kWh (1994)" );; line 59015 (wfb::source-text industry kazakhstan "accounts for 26% of net national product; extractive industries (oil, coal, iron ore, manganese, chromite, lead, zinc, copper, titanium, bauxite, gold, silver, phosphates, sulfur), iron and steel, nonferrous metal, tractors and other agricultural machinery, electric motors, construction materials" );; line 59019 (wfb::source-text agriculture kazakhstan "accounts for 20% of GDP; employs about 26% of the labor force; grain, mostly spring wheat; meat, cotton, wool" );; line 59027 (wfb::source-text illicit_drugs kazakhstan "illicit cultivation of cannabis and opium poppy; mostly for CIS consumption; limited government eradication program; used as transshipment point for illicit drugs to Western Europe and North America from Southwest Asia" );; line 59032 (wfb::source-text economic_aid kazakhstan recipient "approximately $1 billion in foreign loans and credits allocated in 1994; disbursements projected at $700 billion through 1995" );; line 59039 (wfb::source-text currency kazakhstan "national currency the tenge introduced on 15 November 1993" );; line 59044 (wfb::source-text exchange_rates kazakhstan "tenges per US$1 - 54 (yearend 1994)" );; line 59048 (wfb::source-text fiscal_year kazakhstan "calendar year" );; line 59052 (wfb::source-text railroads kazakhstan total "14,460 km in common carrier service; does not include industrial lines" );; line 59058 (wfb::source-text railroads kazakhstan broad_gauge "14,460 km 1.520-m gauge (1990)" );; line 59061 (wfb::source-text highways kazakhstan total "189,000 km" );; line 59066 (wfb::source-text highways kazakhstan paved_and_graveled "108,100 km" );; line 59068 (wfb::source-text highways kazakhstan unpaved "earth 80,900 km (1990)" );; line 59070 (wfb::source-text inland_waterways kazakhstan "Syrdariya River, Ertis River" );; line 59074 (wfb::source-text pipelines kazakhstan "crude oil 2,850 km; refined products 1,500 km; natural gas 3,480 km (1992)" );; line 59078 (wfb::source-text port kazakhstan "Aqtau (Shevchenko), Atyrau (Gur'yev), Oskemen (Ust-Kamenogorsk), Pavlodar, Semey (Semipalatinsk)" );; line 59083 (wfb::source-text airports kazakhstan total "352" );; line 59089 (wfb::source-text airports kazakhstan |with paved runways over 3,047 m| "7" );; line 59091 (wfb::source-text airports kazakhstan |with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m| "23" );; line 59093 (wfb::source-text airports kazakhstan |with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m| "11" );; line 59095 (wfb::source-text airports kazakhstan |with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m| "5" );; line 59097 (wfb::source-text airports kazakhstan with_paved_runways_under_914_m "9" );; line 59099 (wfb::source-text airports kazakhstan |with unpaved runways over 3,047 m| "9" );; line 59101 (wfb::source-text airports kazakhstan |with unpaved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m| "8" );; line 59103 (wfb::source-text airports kazakhstan |with unpaved runways 1,524 to 2,438 m| "25" );; line 59105 (wfb::source-text airports kazakhstan |with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m| "65" );; line 59107 (wfb::source-text airports kazakhstan with_unpaved_runways_under_914_m "190" );; line 59109 (wfb::source-text telephone_system kazakhstan "2.2 million telephones; telephone service is poor; about 17 telephones/100 persons in urban areas and 7.6 telephones/100 persons in rural areas; Almaty has 184,000 telephones" );; line 59114 (wfb::source-text telephone_system kazakhstan local "NA" );; line 59118 (wfb::source-text telephone_system kazakhstan intercity "land line and microwave radio relay" );; line 59120 (wfb::source-text telephone_system kazakhstan international "international traffic with other former USSR republics and China carried by landline and microwave, and with other countries by satellite and through 8 international telecommunications circuits at the Moscow international gateway switch; INTELSAT earth station; new satellite earth station established at Almaty with Turkish financial help (December 1992) with 2500 channel band width" );; line 59122 (wfb::source-text radio kazakhstan broadcast_stations "AM NA, FM NA, shortwave NA" );; line 59132 (wfb::source-text radio kazakhstan radios "4.088 million (with multiple speakers for program diffusion 6,082,000)" );; line 59134 (wfb::source-text television kazakhstan broadcast_stations "Orbita (TV receive only) earth station" );; line 59140 (wfb::source-text television kazakhstan televisions "4.75 million" );; line 59142 (wfb::source-text defense_branch kazakhstan "Army, Republic National Guard, Republic Security Forces (internal and border troops)" );; line 59148 (wfb::source-text manpower_availability kazakhstan "males age 15-49 4,513,089; males fit for military service 3,605,584; males reach military age (18) annually 154,280 (1995 est.)" );; line 59153 (wfb::source-text defense_expenditures kazakhstan "69.3 billion rubles, NA% of GDP (forecast for 1993); note - conversion of the military budget into US dollars using the current exchange rate could produce misleading results" );; line 59158 (wfb::source-text location kenya "Eastern Africa, bordering the Indian Ocean, between Somalia and Tanzania" );; line 59170 (wfb::source-text map_references kenya "Africa" );; line 59175 (wfb::source-text area kenya total_area "582,650 sq km" );; line 59180 (wfb::source-text area kenya land_area "569,250 sq km" );; line 59182 (wfb::source-text area kenya comparative_area "slightly more than twice the size of Nevada" );; line 59184 (wfb::source-text borders kenya "total 3,446 km, Ethiopia 830 km, Somalia 682 km, Sudan 232 km, Tanzania 769 km, Uganda 933 km" );; line 59188 (wfb::source-text coastline kenya "536 km" );; line 59193 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims kenya continental_shelf "200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation" );; line 59198 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims kenya exclusive_economic_zone "200 nm" );; line 59200 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims kenya territorial_sea "12 nm" );; line 59202 (wfb::source-text international_disputes kenya "administrative boundary with Sudan does not coincide with international boundary; possible claim by Somalia based on unification of ethnic Somalis" );; line 59206 (wfb::source-text climate kenya "varies from tropical along coast to arid in interior" );; line 59212 (wfb::source-text terrain kenya "low plains rise to central highlands bisected by Great Rift Valley; fertile plateau in west" );; line 59216 (wfb::source-text natural-resource kenya "gold, limestone, soda ash, salt barytes, rubies, fluorspar, garnets, wildlife" );; line 59221 (wfb::source-text land_use kenya arable_land "3%" );; line 59227 (wfb::source-text land_use kenya permanent_crops "1%" );; line 59229 (wfb::source-text land_use kenya meadows_and_pastures "7%" );; line 59231 (wfb::source-text land_use kenya forest_and_woodland "4%" );; line 59233 (wfb::source-text land_use kenya other "85%" );; line 59235 (wfb::source-text irrigated_land kenya "520 sq km (1989)" );; line 59239 (wfb::source-text environment kenya current_issues "water pollution from urban and industrial wastes; degradation of water quality from increased use of pesticides and fertilizers; deforestation; soil erosion; desertification; poaching" );; line 59244 (wfb::source-text environment kenya natural_hazards "NA" );; line 59248 (wfb::source-text environment kenya international_agreements "party to - Biodiversity, Climate Change, Endangered Species, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands, Whaling; signed, but not ratified - Desertification" );; line 59250 (wfb::source-text note kenya "the Kenyan Highlands comprise one of the most successful agricultural production regions in Africa; glaciers on Mt. Kenya; unique physiography supports abundant and varied wildlife of scientific and economic value" );; line 59257 (wfb::source-text population kenya "28,817,227 (July 1995 est.)" );; line 59265 (wfb::source-text age_structure kenya 0-14_years "48% (female 6,841,235; male 6,957,908)" );; line 59270 (wfb::source-text age_structure kenya 15-64_years "50% (female 7,277,061; male 7,085,925)" );; line 59272 (wfb::source-text age_structure kenya 65_years_and_over "2% (female 359,659; male 295,439) (July 1995 est.)" );; line 59274 (wfb::source-text population_growth_rate kenya "0.99% (1995 est.)" );; line 59278 (wfb::source-text birth_rate kenya "41.66 births/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 59282 (wfb::source-text death_rate kenya "12.04 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 59286 (wfb::source-text net_migration_rate kenya "-19.69 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 59290 (wfb::source-text infant_mortality_rate kenya "73.5 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.)" );; line 59294 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth kenya total_population "52.41 years" );; line 59299 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth kenya male "50.72 years" );; line 59301 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth kenya female "54.16 years (1995 est.)" );; line 59303 (wfb::source-text total_fertility_rate kenya "5.76 children born/woman (1995 est.)" );; line 59307 (wfb::source-text nationality kenya noun "Kenyan(s)" );; line 59312 (wfb::source-text nationality kenya adjective "Kenyan" );; line 59314 (wfb::source-text ethnic-entity kenya "Kikuyu 22%, Luhya 14%, Luo 13%, Kalenjin 12%, Kamba 11%, Kisii 6%, Meru 6%, Asian, European, and Arab 1%, other 15%" );; line 59318 (wfb::source-text religion kenya "Protestant (including Anglican) 38%, Roman Catholic 28%, indigenous beliefs 26%, other 8%" );; line 59323 (wfb::source-text language kenya "English (official), Swahili (official), numerous indigenous languages" );; line 59328 (wfb::source-text literacy kenya "age 15 and over can read and write (1989)" );; line 59333 (wfb::source-text literacy kenya total_population "71%" );; line 59335 (wfb::source-text literacy kenya male "81%" );; line 59337 (wfb::source-text literacy kenya female "62%" );; line 59339 (wfb::source-text labor_force_by_occupation kenya by_occupation "agriculture 75%-80% (1993 est.), non-agriculture 20%-25% (1993 est.)" );; line 59344 (wfb::source-text names kenya conventional_long_form "Republic of Kenya" );; line 59351 (wfb::source-text names kenya conventional_short_form "Kenya" );; line 59353 (wfb::source-text names kenya former "British East Africa" );; line 59355 (wfb::source-text digraph kenya "KE" );; line 59359 (wfb::source-text type kenya "republic" );; line 59363 (wfb::source-text capital kenya "Nairobi" );; line 59367 (wfb::source-text administrative_divisions kenya "7 provinces and 1 area*; Central, Coast, Eastern, Nairobi Area*, North Eastern, Nyanza, Rift Valley, Western" );; line 59371 (wfb::source-text independence kenya "12 December 1963 (from UK)" );; line 59376 (wfb::source-text national_holiday kenya "Independence Day, 12 December (1963)" );; line 59380 (wfb::source-text constitution kenya "12 December 1963, amended as a republic 1964; reissued with amendments 1979, 1983, 1986, 1988, 1991, and 1992" );; line 59384 (wfb::source-text legal_system kenya "based on English common law, tribal law, and Islamic law; judicial review in High Court; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations; constitutional amendment of 1982 making Kenya a de jure one-party state repealed in 1991" );; line 59389 (wfb::source-text suffrage kenya "18 years of age; universal" );; line 59396 (wfb::source-text executive_branch kenya chief_of_state_and_head_of_government "President Daniel Toroitich arap MOI (since 14 October 1978); Vice President George SAITOTI (since 10 May 1989); election last held on 29 December 1992 (next to be held NA 1997); results - President Daniel T. arap MOI was reelected with 37% of the vote; Kenneth Matiba (FORD-ASILI) 26%; Mwai Kibaki (SP) 19%, Oginga Odinga (FORD-Kenya) 17%" );; line 59401 (wfb::source-text executive_branch kenya cabinet "Cabinet; appointed by the president" );; line 59407 (wfb::source-text legislative_structure kenya "unicameral" );; line 59411 (wfb::source-text legislative_branch kenya |National Assembly (Bunge)| "elections last held on 29 December 1992 (next to be held NA); results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (188 total) KANU 100, FORD-Kenya 31, FORD-Asili 31, DP 23, smaller parties 3; president nominates 12 additional members" );; line 59413 (wfb::source-text judicial_branch kenya "Court of Appeal, High Court" );; line 59423 (wfb::source-text political_parties_and_leaders kenya "ruling party is Kenya African National Union (KANU), President Daniel Toroitich arap MOI; opposition parties include Forum for the Restoration of Democracy (FORD-Kenya), Michael WAMALWA; Forum for the Restoration of Democracy (FORD-Asili), Kenneth MATIBA; Democratic Party of Kenya (DP), Mwai KIBAKI" );; line 59427 (wfb::source-text other_political_or_pressure_groups kenya "labor unions; Roman Catholic Church" );; line 59435 (wfb::source-text member_of kenya "ESCAP, FAO, G-77, ICAO, ICRM, IFAD, IFRCS, IMO, INTELSAT (nonsignatory user), IOC, ISO, ITU, NAM, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNOMIL, UNU, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO" );; line 59439 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us kenya chief_of_mission "Benjamin Edgar KIPKORIR" );; line 59446 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us kenya chancery "2249 R Street NW, Washington, DC 20008" );; line 59448 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us kenya telephone "[1] (202) 387-6101" );; line 59450 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us kenya fax "[1] (202) 462-3829" );; line 59452 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us kenya |consulate(s) general| "Los Angeles and New York" );; line 59454 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation kenya chief_of_mission "Ambassador Aurelia BRAZEAL" );; line 59459 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation kenya embassy "corner of Moi Avenue and Haile Selassie Avenue, Nairobi" );; line 59461 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation kenya mailing_address "P. O. Box 30137, Unit 64100, Nairobi; APO AE 09831" );; line 59463 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation kenya telephone "[254] (2) 334141" );; line 59465 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation kenya fax "[254] (2) 340838" );; line 59467 (wfb::source-text flag kenya "three equal horizontal bands of black (top), red, and green; the red band is edged in white; a large warrior's shield covering crossed spears is superimposed at the center" );; line 59471 (wfb::source-text overview kenya "Kenya in recent years has had one of the highest natural rates of growth in population, but the statistics have been complicated by the large-scale movement of nomadic groups and of Somalis back and forth across the border. Population growth has been accompanied by deforestation, deterioration in the road system, the water supply, and other parts of the infrastructure. In industry and services, Nairobi's reluctance to embrace IMF-supported reforms had held back investment and growth in 1991-93. Nairobi's push on economic reform in 1994, however, helped support a 3.3% increase in output." );; line 59478 (wfb::source-text national_product kenya "GDP - purchasing power parity - $33.1 billion (1994 est.)" );; line 59490 (wfb::source-text national_product_real_growth_rate kenya "3.3% (1994 est.)" );; line 59494 (wfb::source-text national_product_per_capita kenya "$1,170 (1994 est.)" );; line 59498 (wfb::source-text |Inflation rate (consumer prices)| kenya "30% (1994 est.)" );; line 59502 (wfb::source-text unemployment_rate kenya "35% urban (1994 est.)" );; line 59506 (wfb::source-text budget kenya revenues "$2.4 billion" );; line 59511 (wfb::source-text budget kenya expenditures "$2.8 billion, including capital expenditures of $740 million (1990 est.)" );; line 59513 (wfb::source-text exports kenya "$1.45 billion (f.o.b., 1994 est.)" );; line 59518 (wfb::source-text exports kenya commodities "tea 25%, coffee 18%, petroleum products 11% (1990)" );; line 59520 (wfb::source-text exports kenya partners "EC 47%, Africa 23%, Asia 11%, US 4%, Middle East 3% (1991)" );; line 59522 (wfb::source-text imports kenya "$1.85 billion (f.o.b., 1994 est.)" );; line 59526 (wfb::source-text imports kenya commodities "machinery and transportation equipment 29%, petroleum and petroleum products 15%, iron and steel 7%, raw materials, food and consumer goods (1989)" );; line 59528 (wfb::source-text imports kenya partners "EC 46%, Asia 23%, Middle East 20%, US 5% (1991)" );; line 59532 (wfb::source-text external_debt kenya "$7 billion (1994 est.)" );; line 59536 (wfb::source-text industrial_production kenya "growth rate 3.9% (1991 est.); accounts for 14% of GDP" );; line 59540 (wfb::source-text electricity kenya capacity "810,000 kW" );; line 59545 (wfb::source-text electricity kenya production "3.3 billion kWh" );; line 59547 (wfb::source-text electricity kenya consumption_per_capita "117 kWh (1993)" );; line 59549 (wfb::source-text industry kenya "small-scale consumer goods (plastic, furniture, batteries, textiles, soap, cigarettes, flour), processing agricultural products, oil refining, cement, tourism" );; line 59553 (wfb::source-text agriculture kenya "most important sector, accounting for 27% of GDP and 65% of exports; cash crops - coffee, tea; food products - corn, wheat, sugarcane, fruit, vegetables, dairy products, beef, pork, poultry, eggs" );; line 59559 (wfb::source-text illicit_drugs kenya "widespread harvesting of small, wild plots of marijuana and qat; most locally consumed; transit country for Southwest Asian heroin moving to West Africa and onward to Europe and North America; Indian methaqualone also transits on way to South Africa" );; line 59565 (wfb::source-text economic_aid kenya recipient "US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-89), $839 million; Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-89), $7.49 billion; OPEC bilateral aid (1979-89), $74 million; Communist countries (1970-89), $83 million" );; line 59573 (wfb::source-text currency kenya "1 Kenyan shilling (KSh) = 100 cents" );; line 59580 (wfb::source-text exchange_rates kenya "Kenyan shillings (KSh) per US$1 - 44.478 (January 1995), 56.051 (1994), 58.001 (1993), 32.217 (1992), 27.508 (1991), 22.915 (1990)" );; line 59584 (wfb::source-text fiscal_year kenya "1 July - 30 June" );; line 59589 (wfb::source-text railroads kenya total "2,650 km" );; line 59595 (wfb::source-text railroads kenya narrow_gauge "2,650 km 1.000-m gauge" );; line 59597 (wfb::source-text highways kenya total "64,590 km" );; line 59602 (wfb::source-text highways kenya paved "7,000 km" );; line 59604 (wfb::source-text highways kenya unpaved "gravel 4,150 km; improved earth 53,440 km" );; line 59606 (wfb::source-text inland_waterways kenya "part of Lake Victoria system is within boundaries of Kenya" );; line 59610 (wfb::source-text pipelines kenya "petroleum products 483 km" );; line 59614 (wfb::source-text port kenya "Kisumu, Lamu, Mombasa" );; line 59618 (wfb::source-text merchant_marine kenya total "2 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 4,883 GRT/6,255 DWT" );; line 59623 (wfb::source-text merchant_marine kenya ships_by_type "barge carrier 1, oil tanker 1" );; line 59625 (wfb::source-text airports kenya total "246" );; line 59630 (wfb::source-text airports kenya |with paved runways over 3,047 m| "3" );; line 59632 (wfb::source-text airports kenya |with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m| "2" );; line 59634 (wfb::source-text airports kenya |with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m| "2" );; line 59636 (wfb::source-text airports kenya |with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m| "22" );; line 59638 (wfb::source-text airports kenya with_paved_runways_under_914_m "83" );; line 59640 (wfb::source-text airports kenya |with unpaved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m| "1" );; line 59642 (wfb::source-text airports kenya |with unpaved runways 1,524 to 2,438 m| "14" );; line 59644 (wfb::source-text airports kenya |with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m| "119" );; line 59646 (wfb::source-text telephone_system kenya "over 260,000 telephones; in top group of African systems" );; line 59651 (wfb::source-text telephone_system kenya local "NA" );; line 59653 (wfb::source-text telephone_system kenya intercity "consists primarily of microwave radio relay links" );; line 59655 (wfb::source-text telephone_system kenya international "2 INTELSAT (1 Atlantic Ocean and 1 Indian Ocean) earth stations" );; line 59657 (wfb::source-text radio kenya broadcast_stations "AM 16, FM 4, shortwave 0" );; line 59662 (wfb::source-text radio kenya radios "NA" );; line 59664 (wfb::source-text television kenya broadcast_stations "6" );; line 59669 (wfb::source-text television kenya televisions "NA" );; line 59671 (wfb::source-text defense_branch kenya "Army, Navy, Air Force, paramilitary General Service Unit of the Police" );; line 59677 (wfb::source-text manpower_availability kenya "males age 15-49 6,358,344; males fit for military service 3,932,506 (1995 est.)" );; line 59682 (wfb::source-text defense_expenditures kenya "exchange rate conversion - $136 million, 1.9% of GDP (FY93/94)" );; line 59687 (wfb::source-text location kingman_reef "Oceania, reef in the North Pacific Ocean, about one-half of the way from Hawaii to American Samoa" );; line 59697 (wfb::source-text map_references kingman_reef "Oceania" );; line 59702 (wfb::source-text area kingman_reef total_area "1 sq km" );; line 59707 (wfb::source-text area kingman_reef land_area "1 sq km" );; line 59709 (wfb::source-text area kingman_reef comparative_area "about 1.7 times the size of The Mall in Washington, DC" );; line 59711 (wfb::source-text borders kingman_reef "0 km" );; line 59715 (wfb::source-text coastline kingman_reef "3 km" );; line 59719 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims kingman_reef exclusive_economic_zone "200 nm" );; line 59724 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims kingman_reef territorial_sea "12 nm" );; line 59726 (wfb::source-text international_disputes kingman_reef "none" );; line 59730 (wfb::source-text climate kingman_reef "tropical, but moderated by prevailing winds" );; line 59734 (wfb::source-text terrain kingman_reef "low and nearly level with a maximum elevation of about 1 meter" );; line 59738 (wfb::source-text natural-resource kingman_reef "none" );; line 59742 (wfb::source-text land_use kingman_reef arable_land "0%" );; line 59747 (wfb::source-text land_use kingman_reef permanent_crops "0%" );; line 59749 (wfb::source-text land_use kingman_reef meadows_and_pastures "0%" );; line 59751 (wfb::source-text land_use kingman_reef forest_and_woodland "0%" );; line 59753 (wfb::source-text land_use kingman_reef other "100%" );; line 59755 (wfb::source-text irrigated_land kingman_reef "0 sq km" );; line 59759 (wfb::source-text environment kingman_reef current_issues "NA" );; line 59764 (wfb::source-text environment kingman_reef natural_hazards "wet or awash most of the time, maximum elevation of about 1 meter makes this a maritime hazard" );; line 59766 (wfb::source-text environment kingman_reef international_agreements "NA" );; line 59769 (wfb::source-text note kingman_reef "barren coral atoll with deep interior lagoon; closed to the public" );; line 59773 (wfb::source-text population kingman_reef "uninhabited" );; line 59780 (wfb::source-text names kingman_reef conventional_long_form "none" );; line 59786 (wfb::source-text names kingman_reef conventional_short_form "Kingman Reef" );; line 59788 (wfb::source-text digraph kingman_reef "KQ" );; line 59792 (wfb::source-text type kingman_reef "unincorporated territory of the US administered by the US Navy, however it is awash the majority of the time, so it is not usable and is uninhabited" );; line 59796 (wfb::source-text capital kingman_reef "none; administered from Washington, DC" );; line 59802 (wfb::source-text overview kingman_reef "no economic activity" );; line 59807 (wfb::source-text port kingman_reef "none; offshore anchorage only" );; line 59812 (wfb::source-text airports kingman_reef "lagoon was used as a halfway station between Hawaii and American Samoa by Pan American Airways for flying boats in 1937 and 1938" );; line 59816 (wfb::source-text note kingman_reef "defense is the responsibility of the US" );; line 59827 (wfb::source-text location kiribati "Oceania, group of islands in the Pacific Ocean, straddling the equator and the International Date Line, about one-half of the way from Hawaii to Australia" );; line 59837 (wfb::source-text map_references kiribati "Oceania" );; line 59843 (wfb::source-text area kiribati total_area "717 sq km" );; line 59848 (wfb::source-text area kiribati land_area "717 sq km" );; line 59850 (wfb::source-text area kiribati comparative_area "slightly more than four times the size of Washington, DC" );; line 59852 (wfb::source-text borders kiribati "0 km" );; line 59859 (wfb::source-text coastline kiribati "1,143 km" );; line 59863 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims kiribati exclusive_economic_zone "200 nm" );; line 59868 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims kiribati territorial_sea "12 nm" );; line 59870 (wfb::source-text international_disputes kiribati "none" );; line 59874 (wfb::source-text climate kiribati "tropical; marine, hot and humid, moderated by trade winds" );; line 59878 (wfb::source-text terrain kiribati "mostly low-lying coral atolls surrounded by extensive reefs" );; line 59882 (wfb::source-text natural-resource kiribati "phosphate (production discontinued in 1979)" );; line 59886 (wfb::source-text land_use kiribati arable_land "0%" );; line 59891 (wfb::source-text land_use kiribati permanent_crops "51%" );; line 59893 (wfb::source-text land_use kiribati meadows_and_pastures "0%" );; line 59895 (wfb::source-text land_use kiribati forest_and_woodland "3%" );; line 59897 (wfb::source-text land_use kiribati other "46%" );; line 59899 (wfb::source-text irrigated_land kiribati "NA sq km" );; line 59903 (wfb::source-text environment kiribati current_issues "NA" );; line 59908 (wfb::source-text environment kiribati natural_hazards "typhoons can occur any time, but usually November to March; occasional tornadoes" );; line 59910 (wfb::source-text environment kiribati international_agreements "party to - Biodiversity, Endangered Species, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection; signed, but not ratified - Climate Change" );; line 59913 (wfb::source-text note kiribati "20 of the 33 islands are inhabited; Banaba (Ocean Island) in Kiribati is one of the three great phosphate rock islands in the Pacific Ocean - the others are Makatea in French Polynesia and Nauru" );; line 59918 (wfb::source-text population kiribati "79,386 (July 1995 est.)" );; line 59926 (wfb::source-text age_structure kiribati 0-14_years "NA" );; line 59931 (wfb::source-text age_structure kiribati 15-64_years "NA" );; line 59933 (wfb::source-text age_structure kiribati 65_years_and_over "NA" );; line 59935 (wfb::source-text population_growth_rate kiribati "1.95% (1995 est.)" );; line 59939 (wfb::source-text birth_rate kiribati "31.25 births/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 59943 (wfb::source-text death_rate kiribati "12.31 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 59947 (wfb::source-text net_migration_rate kiribati "0.56 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 59951 (wfb::source-text infant_mortality_rate kiribati "98.4 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.)" );; line 59955 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth kiribati total_population "54.16 years" );; line 59960 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth kiribati male "52.56 years" );; line 59962 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth kiribati female "55.78 years (1995 est.)" );; line 59964 (wfb::source-text total_fertility_rate kiribati "3.73 children born/woman (1995 est.)" );; line 59968 (wfb::source-text nationality kiribati noun "I-Kiribati (singular and plural)" );; line 59973 (wfb::source-text nationality kiribati adjective "I-Kiribati" );; line 59975 (wfb::source-text ethnic-entity kiribati "Micronesian" );; line 59979 (wfb::source-text religion kiribati "Roman Catholic 52.6%, Protestant (Congregational) 40.9%, Seventh-Day Adventist, Baha'i, Church of God, Mormon 6% (1985)" );; line 59983 (wfb::source-text language kiribati "English (official), Gilbertese" );; line 59988 (wfb::source-text literacy kiribati "NA%" );; line 59992 (wfb::source-text total_labor_force kiribati "7,870 economically active, not including subsistence farmers (1985 est.)" );; line 59996 (wfb::source-text names kiribati conventional_long_form "Republic of Kiribati" );; line 60003 (wfb::source-text names kiribati conventional_short_form "Kiribati" );; line 60005 (wfb::source-text names kiribati former "Gilbert Islands" );; line 60007 (wfb::source-text digraph kiribati "KR" );; line 60011 (wfb::source-text type kiribati "republic" );; line 60015 (wfb::source-text capital kiribati "Tarawa" );; line 60019 (wfb::source-text administrative_divisions kiribati "3 units; Gilbert Islands, Line Islands, Phoenix Islands" );; line 60023 (wfb::source-text independence kiribati "12 July 1979 (from UK)" );; line 60033 (wfb::source-text national_holiday kiribati "Independence Day, 12 July (1979)" );; line 60037 (wfb::source-text constitution kiribati "12 July 1979" );; line 60041 (wfb::source-text legal_system kiribati "NA" );; line 60045 (wfb::source-text suffrage kiribati "18 years of age; universal" );; line 60049 (wfb::source-text executive_branch kiribati chief_of_state_and_head_of_government "President (Beretitenti) Teburoro TITO (since 1 October 1994); Vice President (Kauoman-ni-Beretitenti) Tewareka TENTOA (since 12 October 1994); election last held on 30 September 1994 (next to be held by NA 1999)" );; line 60054 (wfb::source-text executive_branch kiribati cabinet "Cabinet; appointed by the president from an elected parliament" );; line 60058 (wfb::source-text legislative_structure kiribati "unicameral" );; line 60062 (wfb::source-text legislative_branch kiribati |House of Assembly (Maneaba Ni Maungatabu)| "elections last held on 22 July 1994 (next to be held by NA 1999); results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (40 total; 39 elected) Maneaban Te Mauri 13, National Progressive Party 7, independents 19" );; line 60064 (wfb::source-text judicial_branch kiribati "Court of Appeal, High Court" );; line 60070 (wfb::source-text political_parties_and_leaders kiribati "National Progressive Party, Teatao TEANNAKI; Christian Democratic Party, Teburoro TITO; New Movement Party, leader NA; Liberal Party, Tewareka TENTOA; Maneaba Party, Roniti TEIWAKI; Maneaban Te Mauri, leader NA" );; line 60074 (wfb::source-text member_of kiribati "ACP, AsDB, C, ESCAP, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, IDA, IFC, IFRCS (associate), IMF, INTELSAT (nonsignatory user), INTERPOL, ITU, SPARTECA, SPC, SPF, UNESCO, UPU, WHO" );; line 60084 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us kiribati "Kiribati has no mission in the US" );; line 60090 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation kiribati "the ambassador to Fiji is accredited to Kiribati" );; line 60094 (wfb::source-text flag kiribati "the upper half is red with a yellow frigate bird flying over a yellow rising sun, and the lower half is blue with three horizontal wavy white stripes to represent the ocean" );; line 60098 (wfb::source-text overview kiribati "A remote country of 33 scattered coral atolls, Kiribati has few national resources. Commercially viable phosphate deposits were exhausted at the time of independence in 1979. Copra and fish now represent the bulk of production and exports. The economy has fluctuated widely in recent years. Real GDP declined about 5% in 1987, as the fish catch fell sharply to only one-fourth the level of 1986 and copra production was hampered by repeated rains. Output rebounded strongly in 1988, with real GDP growing by 10%. The upturn in economic growth came from an increase in copra production and a good fish catch. GDP then fell by 2.2% in 1989 and by 2.9% in 1990, but has risen by about 3% annually in 1991-93. Foreign financial aid, largely from the UK and Japan, is a critical supplement to GDP, amounting to 25%-50% of GDP in recent years." );; line 60105 (wfb::source-text national_product kiribati "GDP - purchasing power parity - $62 million (1993 est.)" );; line 60120 (wfb::source-text national_product_real_growth_rate kiribati "2.9% (1993 est.)" );; line 60124 (wfb::source-text national_product_per_capita kiribati "$800 (1993 est.)" );; line 60128 (wfb::source-text |Inflation rate (consumer prices)| kiribati "6.5% (1993 est.)" );; line 60132 (wfb::source-text unemployment_rate kiribati "2%; underemployment 70% (1992 est.)" );; line 60136 (wfb::source-text budget kiribati revenues "$29.6 million" );; line 60141 (wfb::source-text budget kiribati expenditures "$32.8 million, including capital expenditures of $14 million (1993 est.)" );; line 60143 (wfb::source-text exports kiribati "$4.2 million (f.o.b., 1992 est.)" );; line 60148 (wfb::source-text exports kiribati commodities "copra 50%, seaweed 16%, fish 15%" );; line 60150 (wfb::source-text exports kiribati partners "Denmark, Fiji, US" );; line 60152 (wfb::source-text imports kiribati "$33.1 million (c.i.f., 1992 est.)" );; line 60156 (wfb::source-text imports kiribati commodities "foodstuffs, machinery and equipment, miscellaneous manufactured goods, fuel" );; line 60158 (wfb::source-text imports kiribati partners "Australia 40%, Japan 18%, Fiji 17%, NZ 6%, US 4% (1991)" );; line 60161 (wfb::source-text external_debt kiribati "$2 million (December 1989 est.)" );; line 60165 (wfb::source-text industrial_production kiribati "growth rate 0.7% (1992 est.); accounts for less than 4% of GDP" );; line 60169 (wfb::source-text electricity kiribati capacity "5,000 kW" );; line 60174 (wfb::source-text electricity kiribati production "13 million kWh" );; line 60176 (wfb::source-text electricity kiribati consumption_per_capita "131 kWh (1993)" );; line 60178 (wfb::source-text industry kiribati "fishing, handicrafts" );; line 60182 (wfb::source-text agriculture kiribati "accounts for 23% of GDP (including fishing); copra and fish contribute about 65% to exports; subsistence farming predominates; food crops - taro, breadfruit, sweet potatoes, vegetables; not self-sufficient in food" );; line 60186 (wfb::source-text economic_aid kiribati recipient "Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-89), $273 million" );; line 60193 (wfb::source-text currency kiribati "1 Australian dollar ($A) = 100 cents" );; line 60198 (wfb::source-text exchange_rates kiribati "Australian dollars ($A) per US$1 - 1.3058 (January 1995), 1.3667 (1994), 1.4704 (1993), 1.3600 (1992), 1.2835 (1991), 1.2799 (1990)" );; line 60202 (wfb::source-text fiscal_year kiribati "NA" );; line 60207 (wfb::source-text railroads kiribati "0 km" );; line 60212 (wfb::source-text highways kiribati total "640 km" );; line 60217 (wfb::source-text highways kiribati paved "NA" );; line 60219 (wfb::source-text highways kiribati unpaved "NA" );; line 60221 (wfb::source-text inland_waterways kiribati "small network of canals, totaling 5 km, in Line Islands" );; line 60225 (wfb::source-text port kiribati "Banaba, Betio, English Harbor, Kanton" );; line 60229 (wfb::source-text merchant_marine kiribati total "1 passenger-cargo ship (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 1,291 GRT/1,295 DWT" );; line 60234 (wfb::source-text airports kiribati total "21" );; line 60240 (wfb::source-text airports kiribati |with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m| "4" );; line 60242 (wfb::source-text airports kiribati |with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m| "1" );; line 60244 (wfb::source-text airports kiribati with_paved_runways_under_914_m "5" );; line 60246 (wfb::source-text airports kiribati |with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m| "11" );; line 60248 (wfb::source-text telephone_system kiribati "1,400 telephones" );; line 60253 (wfb::source-text telephone_system kiribati local "NA" );; line 60255 (wfb::source-text telephone_system kiribati intercity "NA" );; line 60257 (wfb::source-text telephone_system kiribati international "1 INTELSAT (Pacific Ocean) earth station" );; line 60259 (wfb::source-text radio kiribati broadcast_stations "AM 1, FM 0, shortwave 0" );; line 60264 (wfb::source-text radio kiribati radios "NA" );; line 60266 (wfb::source-text television kiribati broadcast_stations "0" );; line 60271 (wfb::source-text television kiribati televisions "NA" );; line 60273 (wfb::source-text defense_branch kiribati "Police Force (carries out law enforcement functions and paramilitary duties; there are small police posts on all islands); no military force is maintained" );; line 60279 (wfb::source-text defense_expenditures kiribati "$NA, NA% of GDP" );; line 60285 (wfb::source-text location |Korea, North| "Eastern Asia, northern half of the Korean peninsula bordering the Korea Bay and the Sea of Japan, between China and Russia" );; line 60295 (wfb::source-text map_references |Korea, North| "Asia" );; line 60300 (wfb::source-text area |Korea, North| total_area "120,540 sq km" );; line 60305 (wfb::source-text area |Korea, North| land_area "120,410 sq km" );; line 60307 (wfb::source-text area |Korea, North| comparative_area "slightly smaller than Mississippi" );; line 60309 (wfb::source-text borders |Korea, North| "total 1,673 km, China 1,416 km, South Korea 238 km, Russia 19 km" );; line 60313 (wfb::source-text coastline |Korea, North| "2,495 km" );; line 60317 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims |Korea, North| territorial_sea "12 nm" );; line 60322 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims |Korea, North| exclusive_economic_zone "200 nm" );; line 60324 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims |Korea, North| military_boundary_line "50 nm in the Sea of Japan and the exclusive economic zone limit in the Yellow Sea where all foreign vessels and aircraft without permission are banned" );; line 60326 (wfb::source-text international_disputes |Korea, North| "short section of boundary with China is indefinite; Demarcation Line with South Korea" );; line 60332 (wfb::source-text climate |Korea, North| "temperate with rainfall concentrated in summer" );; line 60337 (wfb::source-text terrain |Korea, North| "mostly hills and mountains separated by deep, narrow valleys; coastal plains wide in west, discontinuous in east" );; line 60341 (wfb::source-text natural-resource |Korea, North| "coal, lead, tungsten, zinc, graphite, magnesite, iron ore, copper, gold, pyrites, salt, fluorspar, hydropower" );; line 60346 (wfb::source-text land_use |Korea, North| arable_land "18%" );; line 60352 (wfb::source-text land_use |Korea, North| permanent_crops "1%" );; line 60354 (wfb::source-text land_use |Korea, North| meadows_and_pastures "0%" );; line 60356 (wfb::source-text land_use |Korea, North| forest_and_woodland "74%" );; line 60358 (wfb::source-text land_use |Korea, North| other "7%" );; line 60360 (wfb::source-text irrigated_land |Korea, North| "14,000 sq km (1989)" );; line 60364 (wfb::source-text environment |Korea, North| current_issues "localized air pollution attributable to inadequate industrial controls; water pollution; inadequate supplies of potable water" );; line 60369 (wfb::source-text environment |Korea, North| natural_hazards "late spring droughts often followed by severe flooding; occasional typhoons during the early fall" );; line 60372 (wfb::source-text environment |Korea, North| international_agreements "party to - Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Environmental Modification, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution; signed, but not ratified - Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Law of the Sea" );; line 60375 (wfb::source-text note |Korea, North| "strategic location bordering China, South Korea, and Russia; mountainous interior is isolated, nearly inaccessible, and sparsely populated" );; line 60381 (wfb::source-text population |Korea, North| "23,486,550 (July 1995 est.)" );; line 60388 (wfb::source-text age_structure |Korea, North| 0-14_years "30% (female 3,402,672; male 3,540,313)" );; line 60393 (wfb::source-text age_structure |Korea, North| 15-64_years "66% (female 7,840,465; male 7,741,155)" );; line 60395 (wfb::source-text age_structure |Korea, North| 65_years_and_over "4% (female 622,250; male 339,695) (July 1995 est.)" );; line 60397 (wfb::source-text population_growth_rate |Korea, North| "1.78% (1995 est.)" );; line 60401 (wfb::source-text birth_rate |Korea, North| "23.31 births/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 60405 (wfb::source-text death_rate |Korea, North| "5.47 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 60409 (wfb::source-text net_migration_rate |Korea, North| "0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 60413 (wfb::source-text infant_mortality_rate |Korea, North| "26.8 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.)" );; line 60417 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth |Korea, North| total_population "70.05 years" );; line 60422 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth |Korea, North| male "66.96 years" );; line 60424 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth |Korea, North| female "73.29 years (1995 est.)" );; line 60426 (wfb::source-text total_fertility_rate |Korea, North| "2.34 children born/woman (1995 est.)" );; line 60430 (wfb::source-text nationality |Korea, North| noun "Korean(s)" );; line 60435 (wfb::source-text nationality |Korea, North| adjective "Korean" );; line 60437 (wfb::source-text ethnic-entity |Korea, North| "racially homogeneous" );; line 60441 (wfb::source-text religion |Korea, North| "Buddhism and Confucianism, some Christianity and syncretic Chondogyo" );; line 60445 (wfb::source-text language |Korea, North| "Korean" );; line 60453 (wfb::source-text literacy |Korea, North| "age 15 and over can read and write Korean (1990 est.)" );; line 60457 (wfb::source-text literacy |Korea, North| total_population "99%" );; line 60459 (wfb::source-text literacy |Korea, North| male "99%" );; line 60461 (wfb::source-text literacy |Korea, North| female "99%" );; line 60463 (wfb::source-text total_labor_force |Korea, North| "9.615 million" );; line 60467 (wfb::source-text labor_force_by_occupation |Korea, North| by_occupation "agricultural 36%, nonagricultural 64%" );; line 60469 (wfb::source-text names |Korea, North| conventional_long_form "Democratic People's Republic of Korea" );; line 60477 (wfb::source-text names |Korea, North| conventional_short_form "North Korea" );; line 60479 (wfb::source-text names |Korea, North| local_long_form "Choson-minjujuui-inmin-konghwaguk" );; line 60481 (wfb::source-text names |Korea, North| local_short_form "none" );; line 60483 (wfb::source-text abbreviation |Korea, North| "DPRK" );; line 60490 (wfb::source-text digraph |Korea, North| "KN" );; line 60494 (wfb::source-text type |Korea, North| "Communist state; Stalinist dictatorship" );; line 60498 (wfb::source-text capital |Korea, North| "P'yongyang" );; line 60502 (wfb::source-text administrative_divisions |Korea, North| "9 provinces (do, singular and plural) and 3 special cities* (jikhalsi, singular and plural); Chagang-do (Chagang Province), Hamgyong-bukto (North Hamgyong Province), Hamgyong-namdo (South Hamgyong Province), Hwanghae-bukto (North Hwanghae Province), Hwanghae-namdo (South Hwanghae Province), Kaesong-si* (Kaesong City), Kangwon-do (Kangwon Province), Namp'o-si* (Namp'o City), P'yongan-bukto (North P'yongan Province), P'yongan-namdo (South P'yongan Province), P'yongyang-si* (P'yongyang City), Yanggang-do (Yanggang Province)" );; line 60506 (wfb::source-text independence |Korea, North| "9 September 1948" );; line 60517 (wfb::source-text national_holiday |Korea, North| "DPRK Foundation Day, 9 September (1948)" );; line 60524 (wfb::source-text constitution |Korea, North| "adopted 1948, completely revised 27 December 1972, revised again in April 1992" );; line 60528 (wfb::source-text legal_system |Korea, North| "based on German civil law system with Japanese influences and Communist legal theory; no judicial review of legislative acts; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction" );; line 60533 (wfb::source-text suffrage |Korea, North| "17 years of age; universal" );; line 60539 (wfb::source-text executive_branch |Korea, North| chief_of_state "KIM Chong-il, is the son of and designated successor to former President KIM Il-song (who died 8 July 1994); formal succession has not yet taken place (January 1995); election last held 24 May 1990 (next to be held by NA); results - President KIM Il-song was reelected without opposition" );; line 60544 (wfb::source-text executive_branch |Korea, North| head_of_government "Premier KANG Song-san (since December 1992)" );; line 60549 (wfb::source-text executive_branch |Korea, North| cabinet "State Administration Council; appointed by the Supreme People's Assembly" );; line 60551 (wfb::source-text legislative_structure |Korea, North| "unicameral" );; line 60556 (wfb::source-text legislative_branch |Korea, North| |Supreme People's Assembly (Ch'oego Inmin Hoeui)| "elections last held on 7-9 April 1990 (next to be held NA); results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (687 total) the KWP approves a single list of candidates who are elected without opposition; minor parties hold a few seats" );; line 60558 (wfb::source-text judicial_branch |Korea, North| "Central Court" );; line 60565 (wfb::source-text political_parties_and_leaders |Korea, North| "major party - Korean Workers' Party (KWP), KIM Chong-il, secretary, Central Committee; Korean Social Democratic Party, KIM Pyong-sik, chairman; Chondoist Chongu Party, YU Mi-yong, chairwoman" );; line 60569 (wfb::source-text member_of |Korea, North| "ESCAP, FAO, G-77, ICAO, IFAD, IFRCS, IMO, INTELSAT (nonsignatory user), IOC, ISO, ITU, NAM, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO" );; line 60575 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us |Korea, North| "none" );; line 60581 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation |Korea, North| "none" );; line 60585 (wfb::source-text flag |Korea, North| "three horizontal bands of blue (top), red (triple width), and blue; the red band is edged in white; on the hoist side of the red band is a white disk with a red five-pointed star" );; line 60589 (wfb::source-text overview |Korea, North| "More than 90% of this command economy is socialized; agricultural land is collectivized; and state-owned industry produces 95% of manufactured goods. State control of economic affairs is unusually tight even for a Communist country because of the small size and homogeneity of the society and the strict rule of KIM Il-song in the past and now his son, KIM Chong-il. Economic growth during the period 1984-88 averaged 2%-3%, but output declined by 3%-5% annually during 1989-92 because of systemic problems and disruptions in socialist-style economic relations with the former USSR and China. In 1992, output dropped sharply, by perhaps 7%-9%, as the economy felt the cumulative effect of the reduction in outside support. The leadership insisted on maintaining its high level of military outlays from a shrinking economic pie. Moreover, a serious drawdown in inventories and critical shortages in the energy sector have led to increasing interruptions in industrial production. Abundant mineral resources and hydropower have formed the basis of industrial development since World War II. Output of the extractive industries includes coal, iron ore, magnesite, graphite, copper, zinc, lead, and precious metals. Manufacturing is centered on heavy industry, including military industry, with light industry lagging far behind. Despite the use of improved seed varieties, expansion of irrigation, and the heavy use of fertilizers, North Korea has not yet become self-sufficient in food production. Indeed, a shortage of arable lands, several years of poor harvests, and a cumbersome distribution system have resulted in chronic food shortages. The collapse of Communism in the former Soviet Union and Eastern Europe in 1989-91 has disrupted important technological links. North Korea remains far behind South Korea in economic development and living standards. GDP is stagnant." );; line 60596 (wfb::source-text national_product |Korea, North| "GDP - purchasing power parity - $21.3 billion (1994 est.)" );; line 60624 (wfb::source-text national_product_real_growth_rate |Korea, North| "0% (1994 est.)" );; line 60628 (wfb::source-text national_product_per_capita |Korea, North| "$920 (1994 est.)" );; line 60632 (wfb::source-text |Inflation rate (consumer prices)| |Korea, North| "NA%" );; line 60636 (wfb::source-text unemployment_rate |Korea, North| "NA%" );; line 60640 (wfb::source-text budget |Korea, North| revenues "$19.3 billion" );; line 60645 (wfb::source-text budget |Korea, North| expenditures "$19.3 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA (1992 est.)" );; line 60647 (wfb::source-text exports |Korea, North| "$1.02 billion (f.o.b., 1993 est.)" );; line 60651 (wfb::source-text exports |Korea, North| commodities "minerals, metallurgical products, agricultural and fishery products, manufactures (including armaments)" );; line 60653 (wfb::source-text exports |Korea, North| partners "China, Japan, Russia, South Korea, Germany, Hong Kong" );; line 60656 (wfb::source-text imports |Korea, North| "$1.64 billion (f.o.b., 1993 est.)" );; line 60660 (wfb::source-text imports |Korea, North| commodities "petroleum, grain, coking coal, machinery and equipment, consumer goods" );; line 60662 (wfb::source-text imports |Korea, North| partners "China, Russia, Japan, Hong Kong, Germany, Singapore" );; line 60665 (wfb::source-text external_debt |Korea, North| "$8 billion (1992 est.)" );; line 60669 (wfb::source-text industrial_production |Korea, North| "growth rate -7% to -9% (1992 est.)" );; line 60673 (wfb::source-text electricity |Korea, North| capacity "9,500,000 kW" );; line 60678 (wfb::source-text electricity |Korea, North| production "50 billion kWh" );; line 60680 (wfb::source-text electricity |Korea, North| consumption_per_capita "2,053 kWh (1993)" );; line 60682 (wfb::source-text industry |Korea, North| "machine building, military products, electric power, chemicals, mining, metallurgy, textiles, food processing" );; line 60686 (wfb::source-text agriculture |Korea, North| "accounts for about 25% of GDP and 36% of work force; principal crops - rice, corn, potatoes, soybeans, pulses; livestock and livestock products - cattle, hogs, pork, eggs; not self-sufficient in grain" );; line 60691 (wfb::source-text economic_aid |Korea, North| recipient "Communist countries, $1.4 billion a year in the 1980s, but very little now" );; line 60698 (wfb::source-text currency |Korea, North| "1 North Korean won (Wn) = 100 chon" );; line 60703 (wfb::source-text exchange_rates |Korea, North| "North Korean won (Wn) per US$1 - 2.15 (May 1994), 2.13 (May 1992), 2.14 (September 1991), 2.1 (January 1990), 2.3 (December 1989)" );; line 60707 (wfb::source-text fiscal_year |Korea, North| "calendar year" );; line 60712 (wfb::source-text railroads |Korea, North| total "4,915 km" );; line 60718 (wfb::source-text railroads |Korea, North| standard_gauge "4,250 km 1.435-m gauge (3,397 km electrified; 159 km double track)" );; line 60720 (wfb::source-text railroads |Korea, North| narrow_gauge "665 km 0.762-m gauge (1989)" );; line 60723 (wfb::source-text highways |Korea, North| total "30,000 km" );; line 60728 (wfb::source-text highways |Korea, North| paved "1,861 km" );; line 60730 (wfb::source-text highways |Korea, North| unpaved "gravel, crushed stone, earth 28,139 km (1992)" );; line 60732 (wfb::source-text inland_waterways |Korea, North| "2,253 km; mostly navigable by small craft only" );; line 60736 (wfb::source-text pipelines |Korea, North| "crude oil 37 km" );; line 60740 (wfb::source-text port |Korea, North| "Ch'ongjin, Haeju, Hungnam (Hamhung), Kimch'aek, Kosong, Najin, Namp'o, Sinuiju, Songnim, Sonbong (formerly Unggi), Ungsang, Wonsan" );; line 60744 (wfb::source-text merchant_marine |Korea, North| total "87 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 727,631 GRT/1,149,291 DWT" );; line 60750 (wfb::source-text merchant_marine |Korea, North| ships_by_type "bulk 9, cargo 70, combination bulk 1, oil tanker 3, passenger 2, passenger-cargo 1, short-sea passenger 1" );; line 60752 (wfb::source-text airports |Korea, North| total "49" );; line 60761 (wfb::source-text airports |Korea, North| |with paved runways over 3,047 m| "2" );; line 60763 (wfb::source-text airports |Korea, North| |with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m| "15" );; line 60765 (wfb::source-text airports |Korea, North| |with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m| "2" );; line 60767 (wfb::source-text airports |Korea, North| |with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m| "1" );; line 60769 (wfb::source-text airports |Korea, North| with_paved_runways_under_914_m "2" );; line 60771 (wfb::source-text airports |Korea, North| |with unpaved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m| "4" );; line 60773 (wfb::source-text airports |Korea, North| |with unpaved runways 1,524 to 2,438 m| "5" );; line 60775 (wfb::source-text airports |Korea, North| |with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m| "12" );; line 60777 (wfb::source-text airports |Korea, North| with_unpaved_runways_under_914_m "6" );; line 60779 (wfb::source-text telephone_system |Korea, North| "telephone system is believed to be available only to government officials and not to private individuals" );; line 60784 (wfb::source-text telephone_system |Korea, North| local "NA" );; line 60787 (wfb::source-text telephone_system |Korea, North| intercity "NA" );; line 60789 (wfb::source-text telephone_system |Korea, North| international "1 earth station near P'yongyang, uses an Indian Ocean INTELSAT satellite; other international connections through Moscow and Beijing" );; line 60791 (wfb::source-text radio |Korea, North| broadcast_stations "AM 18, FM 0, shortwave 0" );; line 60797 (wfb::source-text radio |Korea, North| radios "3.5 million" );; line 60799 (wfb::source-text television |Korea, North| broadcast_stations "11" );; line 60804 (wfb::source-text television |Korea, North| televisions "350,000 (1989)" );; line 60806 (wfb::source-text defense_branch |Korea, North| "Korean People's Army (includes Army, Navy, Air Force), Civil Security Forces" );; line 60812 (wfb::source-text manpower_availability |Korea, North| "males age 15-49 6,753,400; males fit for military service 4,094,854; males reach military age (18) annually 193,480 (1995 est.)" );; line 60817 (wfb::source-text defense_expenditures |Korea, North| "exchange rate conversion - about $5 billion, 20%-25% of GDP (1991 est.); note - the officially announced but suspect figure is $2.2 billion (1994), about 12% of total spending" );; line 60822 (wfb::source-text location |Korea, South| "Eastern Asia, southern half of the Korean peninsula bordering the Sea of Japan and the Yellow Sea, south of North Korea" );; line 60834 (wfb::source-text map_references |Korea, South| "Asia" );; line 60839 (wfb::source-text area |Korea, South| total_area "98,480 sq km" );; line 60844 (wfb::source-text area |Korea, South| land_area "98,190 sq km" );; line 60846 (wfb::source-text area |Korea, South| comparative_area "slightly larger than Indiana" );; line 60848 (wfb::source-text borders |Korea, South| "total 238 km, North Korea 238 km" );; line 60852 (wfb::source-text coastline |Korea, South| "2,413 km" );; line 60856 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims |Korea, South| continental_shelf "not specified" );; line 60861 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims |Korea, South| territorial_sea "12 nm; 3 nm in the Korea Strait" );; line 60863 (wfb::source-text international_disputes |Korea, South| "Demarcation Line with North Korea; Liancourt Rocks claimed by Japan" );; line 60867 (wfb::source-text climate |Korea, South| "temperate, with rainfall heavier in summer than winter" );; line 60872 (wfb::source-text terrain |Korea, South| "mostly hills and mountains; wide coastal plains in west and south" );; line 60876 (wfb::source-text natural-resource |Korea, South| "coal, tungsten, graphite, molybdenum, lead, hydropower" );; line 60880 (wfb::source-text land_use |Korea, South| arable_land "21%" );; line 60885 (wfb::source-text land_use |Korea, South| permanent_crops "1%" );; line 60887 (wfb::source-text land_use |Korea, South| meadows_and_pastures "1%" );; line 60889 (wfb::source-text land_use |Korea, South| forest_and_woodland "67%" );; line 60891 (wfb::source-text land_use |Korea, South| other "10%" );; line 60893 (wfb::source-text irrigated_land |Korea, South| "13,530 sq km (1989)" );; line 60897 (wfb::source-text environment |Korea, South| current_issues "air pollution in large cities; water pollution from the discharge of sewage and industrial effluents; driftnet fishing" );; line 60902 (wfb::source-text environment |Korea, South| natural_hazards "occasional typhoons bring high winds and floods; earthquakes in southwest" );; line 60905 (wfb::source-text environment |Korea, South| international_agreements "party to - Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Whaling; signed, but not ratified - Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Desertification, Law of the Sea" );; line 60908 (wfb::source-text population |Korea, South| "45,553,882 (July 1995 est.)" );; line 60918 (wfb::source-text age_structure |Korea, South| 0-14_years "24% (female 5,280,998; male 5,640,789)" );; line 60923 (wfb::source-text age_structure |Korea, South| 15-64_years "71% (female 15,877,182; male 16,291,183)" );; line 60925 (wfb::source-text age_structure |Korea, South| 65_years_and_over "5% (female 1,554,512; male 909,218) (July 1995 est.)" );; line 60927 (wfb::source-text population_growth_rate |Korea, South| "1.04% (1995 est.)" );; line 60931 (wfb::source-text birth_rate |Korea, South| "15.63 births/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 60935 (wfb::source-text death_rate |Korea, South| "6.18 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 60939 (wfb::source-text net_migration_rate |Korea, South| "0.9 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 60943 (wfb::source-text infant_mortality_rate |Korea, South| "20.9 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.)" );; line 60947 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth |Korea, South| total_population "70.89 years" );; line 60952 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth |Korea, South| male "67.69 years" );; line 60954 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth |Korea, South| female "74.29 years (1995 est.)" );; line 60956 (wfb::source-text total_fertility_rate |Korea, South| "1.66 children born/woman (1995 est.)" );; line 60960 (wfb::source-text nationality |Korea, South| noun "Korean(s)" );; line 60965 (wfb::source-text nationality |Korea, South| adjective "Korean" );; line 60967 (wfb::source-text ethnic-entity |Korea, South| "homogeneous (except for about 20,000 Chinese)" );; line 60971 (wfb::source-text religion |Korea, South| "Christianity 48.6%, Buddhism 47.4%, Confucianism 3%, pervasive folk religion (shamanism), Chondogyo (Religion of the Heavenly Way) 0.2%" );; line 60975 (wfb::source-text language |Korea, South| "Korean, English widely taught in high school" );; line 60980 (wfb::source-text literacy |Korea, South| "age 15 and over can read and write (1990 est.)" );; line 60984 (wfb::source-text literacy |Korea, South| total_population "96%" );; line 60986 (wfb::source-text literacy |Korea, South| male "99%" );; line 60988 (wfb::source-text literacy |Korea, South| female "94%" );; line 60990 (wfb::source-text total_labor_force |Korea, South| "20 million" );; line 60994 (wfb::source-text labor_force_by_occupation |Korea, South| by_occupation "services and other 52%, mining and manufacturing 27%, agriculture, fishing, forestry 21% (1991)" );; line 60996 (wfb::source-text names |Korea, South| conventional_long_form "Republic of Korea" );; line 61003 (wfb::source-text names |Korea, South| conventional_short_form "South Korea" );; line 61005 (wfb::source-text names |Korea, South| local_long_form "Taehan-min'guk" );; line 61007 (wfb::source-text names |Korea, South| local_short_form "none" );; line 61009 (wfb::source-text abbreviation |Korea, South| "ROK" );; line 61016 (wfb::source-text digraph |Korea, South| "KS" );; line 61020 (wfb::source-text type |Korea, South| "republic" );; line 61024 (wfb::source-text capital |Korea, South| "Seoul" );; line 61028 (wfb::source-text administrative_divisions |Korea, South| "9 provinces (do, singular and plural) and 6 special cities* (jikhalsi, singular and plural); Cheju-do, Cholla-bukto, Cholla-namdo, Ch'ungch'ong-bukto, Ch'ungch'ong-namdo, Inch'on-jikhalsi*, Kangwon-do, Kwangju-jikhalsi*, Kyonggi-do, Kyongsang-bukto, Kyongsang-namdo, Pusan-jikhalsi*, Soul-t'ukpyolsi*, Taegu-jikhalsi*, Taejon-jikhalsi*" );; line 61032 (wfb::source-text independence |Korea, South| "15 August 1948" );; line 61040 (wfb::source-text national_holiday |Korea, South| "Independence Day, 15 August (1948)" );; line 61044 (wfb::source-text constitution |Korea, South| "25 February 1988" );; line 61048 (wfb::source-text legal_system |Korea, South| "combines elements of continental European civil law systems, Anglo-American law, and Chinese classical thought" );; line 61052 (wfb::source-text suffrage |Korea, South| "20 years of age; universal" );; line 61057 (wfb::source-text executive_branch |Korea, South| chief_of_state "President KIM Yong-sam (since 25 February 1993); election last held on 18 December 1992 (next to be held NA December 1997); results - KIM Yong-sam (DLP) 41.9%, KIM Tae-chung (DP) 33.8%, CHONG Chu-yong (UPP) 16.3%, other 8%" );; line 61062 (wfb::source-text executive_branch |Korea, South| head_of_government "Prime Minister YI Hong-ku (since 17 December 1994); Deputy Prime Minister HONG Chae-yong (since 4 October 1994) and Deputy Prime Minister KIM Tok (since 23 December 1994)" );; line 61067 (wfb::source-text executive_branch |Korea, South| cabinet "State Council; appointed by the president on the prime minister's recommendation" );; line 61071 (wfb::source-text legislative_structure |Korea, South| "unicameral" );; line 61076 (wfb::source-text legislative_branch |Korea, South| |National Assembly (Kukhoe)| "elections last held on 24 March 1992; results - DLP 38.5%, DP 29.2%, Unification National Party (UNP) 17.3% (name later changed to UPP), other 15%; seats - (299 total) DLP 149, DP 97, UNP 31, other 22; the distribution of seats as of January 1994 was DLP 172, DP 96, UPP 11, other 20" );; line 61078 (wfb::source-text judicial_branch |Korea, South| "Supreme Court" );; line 61089 (wfb::source-text political_parties_and_leaders |Korea, South| majority_party "Democratic Liberal Party (DLP), KIM Yong-sam, president" );; line 61094 (wfb::source-text political_parties_and_leaders |Korea, South| opposition "Democratic Party (DP), YI Ki-taek, executive chairman; United People's Party (UPP), KIM Tong-kil, chairman; several smaller parties" );; line 61096 (wfb::source-text other_political_or_pressure_groups |Korea, South| "Korean National Council of Churches; National Democratic Alliance of Korea; National Federation of Student Associations; National Federation of Farmers' Associations; National Council of Labor Unions; Federation of Korean Trade Unions; Korean Veterans' Association; Federation of Korean Industries; Korean Traders Association" );; line 61105 (wfb::source-text member_of |Korea, South| "AfDB, APEC, AsDB, CCC, CP, EBRD, ESCAP, FAO, G-77, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, INMARSAT, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, OAS (observer), UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNU, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO" );; line 61113 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us |Korea, South| chief_of_mission "Ambassador PAK Kun-u" );; line 61121 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us |Korea, South| chancery "2450 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008" );; line 61123 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us |Korea, South| telephone "[1] (202) 939-5600" );; line 61125 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us |Korea, South| |consulate(s) general| "Agana (Guam), Anchorage, Atlanta, Boston, Chicago, Honolulu, Houston, Los Angeles, Miami, New York, San Francisco, and Seattle" );; line 61127 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation |Korea, South| chief_of_mission "Ambassador James T. LANEY" );; line 61133 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation |Korea, South| embassy "82 Sejong-Ro, Chongro-ku, Seoul" );; line 61135 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation |Korea, South| mailing_address "American Embassy, Unit 15550, Seoul; APO AP 96205-0001" );; line 61137 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation |Korea, South| telephone "[82] (2) 397-4114" );; line 61139 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation |Korea, South| fax "[82] (2) 738-8845" );; line 61141 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation |Korea, South| |consulate(s)| "Pusan" );; line 61143 (wfb::source-text flag |Korea, South| "white with a red (top) and blue yin-yang symbol in the center; there is a different black trigram from the ancient I Ching (Book of Changes) in each corner of the white field" );; line 61147 (wfb::source-text overview |Korea, South| "The driving force behind the economy's dynamic growth has been the planned development of an export-oriented economy in a vigorously entrepreneurial society. Real GDP increased more than 10% annually between 1986 and 1991. This growth ultimately led to an overheated situation characterized by a tight labor market, strong inflationary pressures, and a rapidly rising current account deficit. As a result, in 1992, economic policy focused on slowing the growth rate of inflation and reducing the deficit. Annual growth slowed to 5%, still above the rate in most other countries of the world, and recovered to 6.3% in 1993. The economy expanded by 8.3% in 1994, driven by booming exports." );; line 61154 (wfb::source-text national_product |Korea, South| "GDP - purchasing power parity - $508.3 billion (1994 est.)" );; line 61167 (wfb::source-text national_product_real_growth_rate |Korea, South| "8.3% (1994)" );; line 61171 (wfb::source-text national_product_per_capita |Korea, South| "$11,270 (1994 est.)" );; line 61175 (wfb::source-text |Inflation rate (consumer prices)| |Korea, South| "5.6% (1994)" );; line 61179 (wfb::source-text unemployment_rate |Korea, South| "2% (November 1994)" );; line 61183 (wfb::source-text budget |Korea, South| revenues "$63 billion" );; line 61188 (wfb::source-text budget |Korea, South| expenditures "$63 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA (1995 est.)" );; line 61190 (wfb::source-text exports |Korea, South| "$96.2 billion (f.o.b., 1994)" );; line 61194 (wfb::source-text exports |Korea, South| commodities "electronic and electrical equipment, machinery, steel, automobiles, ships, textiles, clothing, footwear, fish" );; line 61196 (wfb::source-text exports |Korea, South| partners "US 26%, Japan 17%, EU 14%" );; line 61199 (wfb::source-text imports |Korea, South| "$102.3 billion (c.i.f., 1994)" );; line 61203 (wfb::source-text imports |Korea, South| commodities "machinery, electronics and electronic equipment, oil, steel, transport equipment, textiles, organic chemicals, grains" );; line 61205 (wfb::source-text imports |Korea, South| partners "Japan 26%, US 24%, EU 15%" );; line 61208 (wfb::source-text external_debt |Korea, South| "$44.1 billion (1993)" );; line 61212 (wfb::source-text industrial_production |Korea, South| "growth rate 12.1% (1994 est.); accounts for about 45% of GNP" );; line 61216 (wfb::source-text electricity |Korea, South| capacity "26,940,000 kW" );; line 61221 (wfb::source-text electricity |Korea, South| production "137 billion kWh" );; line 61223 (wfb::source-text electricity |Korea, South| consumption_per_capita "2,847 kWh (1993)" );; line 61225 (wfb::source-text industry |Korea, South| "electronics, automobile production, chemicals, shipbuilding, steel, textiles, clothing, footwear, food processing" );; line 61229 (wfb::source-text agriculture |Korea, South| "accounts for 8% of GDP and employs 21% of work force (including fishing and forestry); principal crops - rice, root crops, barley, vegetables, fruit; livestock and livestock products - cattle, hogs, chickens, milk, eggs; self-sufficient in food, except for wheat; fish catch of 2.9 million metric tons, seventh-largest in world" );; line 61234 (wfb::source-text economic_aid |Korea, South| recipient "US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-89), $3.9 billion; non-US countries (1970-89), $3 billion" );; line 61243 (wfb::source-text currency |Korea, South| "1 South Korean won (W) = 100 chun (theoretical)" );; line 61248 (wfb::source-text exchange_rates |Korea, South| "South Korean won (W) per US$1 - 790.48 (January 1995), 803.44 (1994), 802.67 (1993), 780.65 (1992), 733.35 (1991), 707.76 (1990)" );; line 61252 (wfb::source-text fiscal_year |Korea, South| "calendar year" );; line 61257 (wfb::source-text railroads |Korea, South| total "6,763 km" );; line 61263 (wfb::source-text railroads |Korea, South| standard_gauge "6,716 km 1.435-meter gauge (525 km electrified; 847 km double track)" );; line 61265 (wfb::source-text railroads |Korea, South| narrow_gauge "47 km 0.610-meter gauge" );; line 61268 (wfb::source-text highways |Korea, South| total "63,200 km" );; line 61273 (wfb::source-text highways |Korea, South| paved "expressways 1,550 km" );; line 61275 (wfb::source-text highways |Korea, South| unpaved "NA" );; line 61277 (wfb::source-text highways |Korea, South| undifferentiated "national highway 12,190 km; provincial, local roads 49,460 km (1991)" );; line 61279 (wfb::source-text inland_waterways |Korea, South| "1,609 km; use restricted to small native craft" );; line 61284 (wfb::source-text pipelines |Korea, South| "petroleum products 455 km" );; line 61288 (wfb::source-text port |Korea, South| "Chinhae, Inch'on, Kunsan, Masan, Mokp'o, Pohang, Pusan, Ulsan, Yosu" );; line 61292 (wfb::source-text merchant_marine |Korea, South| total "412 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 6,129,796 GRT/9,985,197 DWT" );; line 61298 (wfb::source-text merchant_marine |Korea, South| ships_by_type "bulk 123, cargo 125, chemical tanker 17, combination bulk 1, combination ore/oil 1, container 61, liquefied gas tanker 13, multifunction large-load carrier 1, oil tanker 51, refrigerated cargo 9, short-sea passenger 1, vehicle carrier 9" );; line 61301 (wfb::source-text airports |Korea, South| total "114" );; line 61309 (wfb::source-text airports |Korea, South| |with paved runways over 3,047 m| "1" );; line 61311 (wfb::source-text airports |Korea, South| |with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m| "22" );; line 61313 (wfb::source-text airports |Korea, South| |with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m| "10" );; line 61315 (wfb::source-text airports |Korea, South| |with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m| "14" );; line 61317 (wfb::source-text airports |Korea, South| with_paved_runways_under_914_m "63" );; line 61319 (wfb::source-text airports |Korea, South| |with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m| "4" );; line 61321 (wfb::source-text telephone_system |Korea, South| "13.3 million telephones; excellent domestic and international services" );; line 61326 (wfb::source-text telephone_system |Korea, South| local "NA" );; line 61329 (wfb::source-text telephone_system |Korea, South| intercity "NA" );; line 61331 (wfb::source-text telephone_system |Korea, South| international "3 INTELSAT (2 Pacific Ocean and 1 Indian Ocean) earth stations" );; line 61333 (wfb::source-text radio |Korea, South| broadcast_stations "AM 79, FM 46, shortwave 0" );; line 61338 (wfb::source-text radio |Korea, South| radios "NA" );; line 61340 (wfb::source-text television |Korea, South| broadcast_stations "256 (1 kW or greater 57)" );; line 61345 (wfb::source-text television |Korea, South| televisions "NA" );; line 61347 (wfb::source-text defense_branch |Korea, South| "Army, Navy, Air Force, Marine Corps, National Maritime Police (Coast Guard)" );; line 61353 (wfb::source-text manpower_availability |Korea, South| "males age 15-49 13,580,832; males fit for military service 8,701,742; males reach military age (18) annually 405,290 (1995 est.)" );; line 61358 (wfb::source-text defense_expenditures |Korea, South| "exchange rate conversion - $14 billion, 3.3% of GNP (1995 est.)" );; line 61363 (wfb::source-text location kuwait "Middle East, bordering the Persian Gulf, between Iraq and Saudi Arabia" );; line 61373 (wfb::source-text map_references kuwait "Middle East" );; line 61378 (wfb::source-text area kuwait total_area "17,820 sq km" );; line 61383 (wfb::source-text area kuwait land_area "17,820 sq km" );; line 61385 (wfb::source-text area kuwait comparative_area "slightly smaller than New Jersey" );; line 61387 (wfb::source-text borders kuwait "total 464 km, Iraq 242 km, Saudi Arabia 222 km" );; line 61391 (wfb::source-text coastline kuwait "499 km" );; line 61395 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims kuwait territorial_sea "12 nm" );; line 61400 (wfb::source-text international_disputes kuwait "in November 1994, Iraq formally accepted the UN-demarcated border with Kuwait which had been spelled out in Security Council Resolutions 687 (1991), 773 (1993), and 883 (1993); this formally ends earlier claims to Kuwait and to Bubiyan and Warbah islands; ownership of Qaruh and Umm al Maradim islands disputed by Saudi Arabia" );; line 61404 (wfb::source-text climate kuwait "dry desert; intensely hot summers; short, cool winters" );; line 61412 (wfb::source-text terrain kuwait "flat to slightly undulating desert plain" );; line 61416 (wfb::source-text natural-resource kuwait "petroleum, fish, shrimp, natural gas" );; line 61420 (wfb::source-text land_use kuwait arable_land "0%" );; line 61425 (wfb::source-text land_use kuwait permanent_crops "0%" );; line 61427 (wfb::source-text land_use kuwait meadows_and_pastures "8%" );; line 61429 (wfb::source-text land_use kuwait forest_and_woodland "0%" );; line 61431 (wfb::source-text land_use kuwait other "92%" );; line 61433 (wfb::source-text irrigated_land kuwait "20 sq km (1989 est.)" );; line 61437 (wfb::source-text environment kuwait current_issues "limited natural fresh water resources; some of world's largest and most sophisticated desalination facilities provide much of the water; air and water pollution; desertification" );; line 61442 (wfb::source-text environment kuwait natural_hazards "sudden cloudbursts are common from October to April, they bring inordinate amounts of rain which can damage roads and houses; sandstorms and duststorms occur throughout the year, but are most common between March and August" );; line 61446 (wfb::source-text environment kuwait international_agreements "party to - Climate Change, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection; signed, but not ratified - Biodiversity, Endangered Species, Marine Dumping" );; line 61451 (wfb::source-text note kuwait "strategic location at head of Persian Gulf" );; line 61457 (wfb::source-text population kuwait "1,817,397 (July 1995 est.)" );; line 61463 (wfb::source-text age_structure kuwait 0-14_years "34% (female 302,908; male 319,659)" );; line 61468 (wfb::source-text age_structure kuwait 15-64_years "64% (female 467,163; male 697,849)" );; line 61470 (wfb::source-text age_structure kuwait 65_years_and_over "2% (female 13,476; male 16,342) (July 1995 est.)" );; line 61472 (wfb::source-text population_growth_rate kuwait "7.46% (1995 est.)" );; line 61476 (wfb::source-text birth_rate kuwait "21.07 births/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 61483 (wfb::source-text death_rate kuwait "2.2 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 61487 (wfb::source-text net_migration_rate kuwait "55.71 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 61491 (wfb::source-text infant_mortality_rate kuwait "11.5 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.)" );; line 61495 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth kuwait total_population "75.64 years" );; line 61500 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth kuwait male "73.33 years" );; line 61502 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth kuwait female "78.06 years (1995 est.)" );; line 61504 (wfb::source-text total_fertility_rate kuwait "2.93 children born/woman (1995 est.)" );; line 61508 (wfb::source-text nationality kuwait noun "Kuwaiti(s)" );; line 61513 (wfb::source-text nationality kuwait adjective "Kuwaiti" );; line 61515 (wfb::source-text ethnic-entity kuwait "Kuwaiti 45%, other Arab 35%, South Asian 9%, Iranian 4%, other 7%" );; line 61519 (wfb::source-text religion kuwait "Muslim 85% (Shi'a 30%, Sunni 45%, other 10%), Christian, Hindu, Parsi, and other 15%" );; line 61524 (wfb::source-text language kuwait "Arabic (official), English widely spoken" );; line 61529 (wfb::source-text literacy kuwait "age 15 and over can read and write (1985)" );; line 61533 (wfb::source-text literacy kuwait total_population "74%" );; line 61535 (wfb::source-text literacy kuwait male "78%" );; line 61537 (wfb::source-text literacy kuwait female "69%" );; line 61539 (wfb::source-text total_labor_force kuwait "566,000 (1986)" );; line 61543 (wfb::source-text labor_force_by_occupation kuwait by_occupation "services 45.0%, construction 20.0%, trade 12.0%, manufacturing 8.6%, finance and real estate 2.6%, agriculture 1.9%, power and water 1.7%, mining and quarrying 1.4%" );; line 61545 (wfb::source-text names kuwait conventional_long_form "State of Kuwait" );; line 61555 (wfb::source-text names kuwait conventional_short_form "Kuwait" );; line 61557 (wfb::source-text names kuwait local_long_form "Dawlat al Kuwayt" );; line 61559 (wfb::source-text names kuwait local_short_form "Al Kuwayt" );; line 61561 (wfb::source-text digraph kuwait "KU" );; line 61565 (wfb::source-text type kuwait "nominal constitutional monarchy" );; line 61569 (wfb::source-text capital kuwait "Kuwait" );; line 61573 (wfb::source-text administrative_divisions kuwait "5 governorates (muhafazat, singular - muhafazah); Al 'Ahmadi, Al Jahrah, Al Kuwayt, Hawalli, Al Farwaniyah" );; line 61577 (wfb::source-text independence kuwait "19 June 1961 (from UK)" );; line 61582 (wfb::source-text national_holiday kuwait "National Day, 25 February (1948)" );; line 61586 (wfb::source-text constitution kuwait "approved and promulgated 11 November 1962" );; line 61590 (wfb::source-text legal_system kuwait "civil law system with Islamic law significant in personal matters; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction" );; line 61594 (wfb::source-text suffrage kuwait "adult males who resided in Kuwait before 1920 and their male descendants at age 21" );; line 61599 (wfb::source-text executive_branch kuwait chief_of_state "Amir Shaykh JABIR al-Ahmad al-Jabir Al Sabah (since 31 December 1977)" );; line 61609 (wfb::source-text executive_branch kuwait head_of_government "Prime Minister and Crown Prince SAAD al-Abdallah al-Salim Al Sabah (since 8 February 1978); Deputy Prime Minister SABAH al-Ahmad al-Jabir Al Sabah (since 17 October 1992)" );; line 61612 (wfb::source-text executive_branch kuwait cabinet "Council of Ministers; appointed by the Prime Minister and approved by the Amir" );; line 61616 (wfb::source-text legislative_structure kuwait "unicameral" );; line 61621 (wfb::source-text legislative_branch kuwait |National Assembly (Majlis al-umma)| "dissolved 3 July 1986; new elections were held on 5 October 1992 with a second election in the 14th and 16th constituencies held February 1993" );; line 61623 (wfb::source-text judicial_branch kuwait "High Court of Appeal" );; line 61629 (wfb::source-text political_parties_and_leaders kuwait "none" );; line 61633 (wfb::source-text other_political_or_pressure_groups kuwait "small, clandestine leftist and Shi'a fundamentalist groups are active; several groups critical of government policies are publicly active" );; line 61637 (wfb::source-text member_of kuwait "ABEDA, AfDB, AFESD, AL, AMF, BDEAC, CAEU, CCC, ESCWA, FAO, G-77, GATT, GCC, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, INMARSAT, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, ISO (correspondent), ITU, NAM, OAPEC, OIC, OPEC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WMO, WTO" );; line 61642 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us kuwait chief_of_mission "Ambassador MUHAMMAD al-Sabah al-Salim Al SABAH" );; line 61650 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us kuwait chancery "2940 Tilden Street NW, Washington, DC 20008" );; line 61652 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us kuwait telephone "[1] (202) 966-0702" );; line 61654 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us kuwait fax "[1] (202) 966-0517" );; line 61656 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation kuwait chief_of_mission "Ambassador Ryan C. CROCKER" );; line 61661 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation kuwait embassy "Bneid al-Gar (opposite the Kuwait International Hotel), Kuwait City" );; line 61663 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation kuwait mailing_address "P.O. Box 77 SAFAT, 13001 SAFAT, Kuwait; Unit 69000, Kuwait; APO AE 09880-9000" );; line 61666 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation kuwait telephone "[965] 2424151 through 2424159" );; line 61669 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation kuwait fax "[965] 2442855" );; line 61671 (wfb::source-text flag kuwait "three equal horizontal bands of green (top), white, and red with a black trapezoid based on the hoist side" );; line 61675 (wfb::source-text overview kuwait "Kuwait is a small and relatively open economy with proved crude oil reserves of about 94 billion barrels - 10% of world reserves. Kuwait has rebuilt its war-ravaged petroleum sector; its crude oil production reached at least 2.0 million barrels per day by the end of 1993. The government ran a sizable fiscal deficit in 1993. Petroleum accounts for nearly half of GDP and 90% of export and government revenues. Kuwait lacks water and has practically no arable land, thus preventing development of agriculture. With the exception of fish, it depends almost wholly on food imports. About 75% of potable water must be distilled or imported. Because of its high per capita income, comparable with Western European incomes, Kuwait provides its citizens with extensive health, educational, and retirement benefits. Per capita military expenditures are among the highest in the world. The economy improved moderately in 1994, with the growth in industry and finance, and should see further gains in 1995, especially if oil prices go up. The World Bank has urged Kuwait to push ahead with privatization, including in the oil industry, but the government will move slowly on this front." );; line 61681 (wfb::source-text national_product kuwait "GDP - purchasing power parity - $30.7 billion (1994 est.)" );; line 61700 (wfb::source-text national_product_real_growth_rate kuwait "9.3% (1994 est.)" );; line 61704 (wfb::source-text national_product_per_capita kuwait "$16,900 (1994 est.)" );; line 61708 (wfb::source-text |Inflation rate (consumer prices)| kuwait "3% (1993)" );; line 61712 (wfb::source-text unemployment_rate kuwait "NEGL% (1992 est.)" );; line 61716 (wfb::source-text budget kuwait revenues "$9 billion" );; line 61721 (wfb::source-text budget kuwait expenditures "$13 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA (FY92/93)" );; line 61723 (wfb::source-text exports kuwait "$10.5 billion (f.o.b., 1993)" );; line 61727 (wfb::source-text exports kuwait commodities "oil" );; line 61729 (wfb::source-text exports kuwait partners "France 16%, Italy 15%, Japan 12%, UK 11%" );; line 61731 (wfb::source-text imports kuwait "$6.6 billion (f.o.b., 1993)" );; line 61735 (wfb::source-text imports kuwait commodities "food, construction materials, vehicles and parts, clothing" );; line 61737 (wfb::source-text imports kuwait partners "US 35%, Japan 12%, UK 9%, Canada 9%" );; line 61739 (wfb::source-text external_debt kuwait "$7.2 billion (December 1989 est.)" );; line 61743 (wfb::source-text industrial_production kuwait "growth rate NA%; accounts for NA% of GDP" );; line 61750 (wfb::source-text electricity kuwait capacity "7,070,000 kW" );; line 61755 (wfb::source-text electricity kuwait production "11 billion kWh" );; line 61757 (wfb::source-text electricity kuwait consumption_per_capita "6,007 kWh (1993)" );; line 61759 (wfb::source-text industry kuwait "petroleum, petrochemicals, desalination, food processing, building materials, salt, construction" );; line 61763 (wfb::source-text agriculture kuwait "practically none; extensive fishing in territorial waters and Indian Ocean" );; line 61768 (wfb::source-text economic_aid kuwait donor "pledged bilateral aid to less developed countries (1979-89), $18.3 billion" );; line 61774 (wfb::source-text currency kuwait "1 Kuwaiti dinar (KD) = 1,000 fils" );; line 61779 (wfb::source-text exchange_rates kuwait "Kuwaiti dinars (KD) per US$1 - 0.2991 (January 1995), 0.2976 (1994), 0.3017 (1993), 0.2934 (1992), 0.2843 (1991), 0.2915 (1990)" );; line 61783 (wfb::source-text fiscal_year kuwait "1 July - 30 June" );; line 61788 (wfb::source-text railroads kuwait "0 km" );; line 61793 (wfb::source-text highways kuwait total "4,270 km" );; line 61798 (wfb::source-text highways kuwait paved "bituminous 3,370 km" );; line 61800 (wfb::source-text highways kuwait unpaved "gravel, sand, earth 900 km (est.)" );; line 61802 (wfb::source-text pipelines kuwait "crude oil 877 km; petroleum products 40 km; natural gas 165 km" );; line 61806 (wfb::source-text port kuwait "Ash Shu'aybah, Ash Shuwaykh, Kuwait, Mina' 'Abd Allah, Mina' al Ahmadi, Mina' Su'ud" );; line 61810 (wfb::source-text merchant_marine kuwait total "47 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 2,202,558 GRT/3,618,527 DWT" );; line 61816 (wfb::source-text merchant_marine kuwait ships_by_type "cargo 9, container 3, liquefied gas tanker 7, livestock carrier 4, oil tanker 24" );; line 61818 (wfb::source-text airports kuwait total "8" );; line 61824 (wfb::source-text airports kuwait |with paved runways over 3,047 m| "3" );; line 61826 (wfb::source-text airports kuwait |with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m| "1" );; line 61828 (wfb::source-text airports kuwait with_paved_runways_under_914_m "2" );; line 61830 (wfb::source-text airports kuwait |with unpaved runways 1,524 to 2,438 m| "1" );; line 61832 (wfb::source-text airports kuwait |with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m| "1" );; line 61834 (wfb::source-text telephone_system kuwait "NA telephones; civil network suffered extensive damage as a result of the Gulf war and reconstruction is still under way with some restored international and domestic capabilities" );; line 61839 (wfb::source-text telephone_system kuwait local "NA" );; line 61843 (wfb::source-text telephone_system kuwait intercity "NA" );; line 61845 (wfb::source-text telephone_system kuwait international "earth stations destroyed during Gulf war and not rebuilt yet; temporary mobile satellite antennae provide international telecommunications; coaxial cable and microwave radio relay to Saudi Arabia; service to Iraq is nonoperational" );; line 61847 (wfb::source-text radio kuwait broadcast_stations "AM 3, FM 0, shortwave 0" );; line 61855 (wfb::source-text radio kuwait radios "NA" );; line 61857 (wfb::source-text television kuwait broadcast_stations "3" );; line 61862 (wfb::source-text television kuwait televisions "NA" );; line 61864 (wfb::source-text defense_branch kuwait "Army, Navy, Air Force, National Police Force, National Guard" );; line 61870 (wfb::source-text manpower_availability kuwait "males age 15-49 610,205; males fit for military service 363,735; males reach military age (18) annually 16,170 (1995 est.)" );; line 61874 (wfb::source-text defense_expenditures kuwait "exchange rate conversion - $3.4 billion, 13.3% of GDP (1995)" );; line 61879 (wfb::source-text location kyrgyzstan "Central Asia, west of China" );; line 61889 (wfb::source-text map_references kyrgyzstan "Commonwealth of Independent States - Central Asian States" );; line 61893 (wfb::source-text area kyrgyzstan total_area "198,500 sq km" );; line 61898 (wfb::source-text area kyrgyzstan land_area "191,300 sq km" );; line 61900 (wfb::source-text area kyrgyzstan comparative_area "slightly smaller than South Dakota" );; line 61902 (wfb::source-text borders kyrgyzstan "total 3,878 km, China 858 km, Kazakhstan 1,051 km, Tajikistan 870 km, Uzbekistan 1,099 km" );; line 61906 (wfb::source-text coastline kyrgyzstan "0 km (landlocked)" );; line 61911 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims kyrgyzstan "none; landlocked" );; line 61915 (wfb::source-text international_disputes kyrgyzstan "territorial dispute with Tajikistan on southwestern boundary in Isfara Valley area" );; line 61919 (wfb::source-text climate kyrgyzstan "dry continental to polar in high Tien Shan; subtropical in southwest (Fergana Valley); temperate in northern foothill zone" );; line 61924 (wfb::source-text terrain kyrgyzstan "peaks of Tien Shan rise to 7,000 meters, and associated valleys and basins encompass entire nation" );; line 61929 (wfb::source-text natural-resource kyrgyzstan "abundant hydroelectric potential; significant deposits of gold and rare earth metals; locally exploitable coal, oil and natural gas; other deposits of nepheline, mercury, bismuth, lead, and zinc" );; line 61934 (wfb::source-text land_use kyrgyzstan arable_land "7%" );; line 61941 (wfb::source-text land_use kyrgyzstan permanent_crops "NEGL%" );; line 61943 (wfb::source-text land_use kyrgyzstan meadows_and_pastures "42%" );; line 61945 (wfb::source-text land_use kyrgyzstan forest_and_woodland "0%" );; line 61947 (wfb::source-text land_use kyrgyzstan other "51%" );; line 61949 (wfb::source-text irrigated_land kyrgyzstan "10,320 sq km (1990)" );; line 61953 (wfb::source-text environment kyrgyzstan current_issues "water pollution; many people get their water directly from contaminated streams and wells, as a result, water-borne diseases are prevalent; increasing soil salinity from faulty irrigation practices" );; line 61958 (wfb::source-text environment kyrgyzstan natural_hazards "NA" );; line 61962 (wfb::source-text environment kyrgyzstan international_agreements "NA" );; line 61964 (wfb::source-text note kyrgyzstan "landlocked" );; line 61968 (wfb::source-text population kyrgyzstan "4,769,877 (July 1995 est.)" );; line 61974 (wfb::source-text age_structure kyrgyzstan 0-14_years "37% (female 868,108; male 888,479)" );; line 61979 (wfb::source-text age_structure kyrgyzstan 15-64_years "57% (female 1,377,221; male 1,345,990)" );; line 61981 (wfb::source-text age_structure kyrgyzstan 65_years_and_over "6% (female 185,807; male 104,272) (July 1995 est.)" );; line 61983 (wfb::source-text population_growth_rate kyrgyzstan "1.5% (1995 est.)" );; line 61987 (wfb::source-text birth_rate kyrgyzstan "25.97 births/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 61991 (wfb::source-text death_rate kyrgyzstan "7.32 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 61995 (wfb::source-text net_migration_rate kyrgyzstan "-3.66 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 61999 (wfb::source-text infant_mortality_rate kyrgyzstan "45.8 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.)" );; line 62003 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth kyrgyzstan total_population "68.13 years" );; line 62008 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth kyrgyzstan male "63.92 years" );; line 62010 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth kyrgyzstan female "72.56 years (1995 est.)" );; line 62012 (wfb::source-text total_fertility_rate kyrgyzstan "3.31 children born/woman (1995 est.)" );; line 62016 (wfb::source-text nationality kyrgyzstan noun "Kyrgyz(s)" );; line 62021 (wfb::source-text nationality kyrgyzstan adjective "Kyrgyz" );; line 62023 (wfb::source-text ethnic-entity kyrgyzstan "Kirghiz 52.4%, Russian 21.5%, Uzbek 12.9%, Ukrainian 2.5%, German 2.4%, other 8.3%" );; line 62027 (wfb::source-text religion kyrgyzstan "Muslim 70%, Russian Orthodox NA%" );; line 62032 (wfb::source-text language kyrgyzstan "Kirghiz (Kyrgyz) - official language, Russian widely used" );; line 62036 (wfb::source-text literacy kyrgyzstan "age 15 and over can read and write (1989)" );; line 62040 (wfb::source-text literacy kyrgyzstan total_population "97%" );; line 62042 (wfb::source-text literacy kyrgyzstan male "99%" );; line 62044 (wfb::source-text literacy kyrgyzstan female "96%" );; line 62046 (wfb::source-text total_labor_force kyrgyzstan "1.836 million" );; line 62050 (wfb::source-text labor_force_by_occupation kyrgyzstan by_occupation "agriculture and forestry 38%, industry and construction 21%, other 41% (1990)" );; line 62052 (wfb::source-text names kyrgyzstan conventional_long_form "Kyrgyz Republic" );; line 62059 (wfb::source-text names kyrgyzstan conventional_short_form "Kyrgyzstan" );; line 62061 (wfb::source-text names kyrgyzstan local_long_form "Kyrgyz Respublikasy" );; line 62063 (wfb::source-text names kyrgyzstan local_short_form "none" );; line 62065 (wfb::source-text names kyrgyzstan former "Kirghiz Soviet Socialist Republic" );; line 62067 (wfb::source-text digraph kyrgyzstan "KG" );; line 62071 (wfb::source-text type kyrgyzstan "republic" );; line 62075 (wfb::source-text capital kyrgyzstan "Bishkek" );; line 62079 (wfb::source-text administrative_divisions kyrgyzstan "6 oblasttar (singular - oblast) and 1 city* (singular - shaar); Bishkek Shaary*, Chuy Oblasty (Bishkek), Jalal-Abad Oblasty, Naryn Oblasty, Osh Oblasty, Talas Oblasty, Ysyk-Kol Oblasty (Karakol)" );; line 62083 (wfb::source-text independence kyrgyzstan "31 August 1991 (from Soviet Union)" );; line 62092 (wfb::source-text national_holiday kyrgyzstan "National Day, 2 December; Independence Day, 31 August (1991)" );; line 62096 (wfb::source-text constitution kyrgyzstan "adopted 5 May 1993" );; line 62100 (wfb::source-text legal_system kyrgyzstan "based on civil law system" );; line 62104 (wfb::source-text suffrage kyrgyzstan "18 years of age; universal" );; line 62108 (wfb::source-text executive_branch kyrgyzstan chief_of_state "President Askar AKAYEV (since 28 October 1990); election last held 12 October 1991 (next to be held NA 1996); results - Askar AKAYEV won in uncontested election with 95% of vote and with 90% of electorate voting; note - president elected by Supreme Soviet 28 October 1990, then by popular vote 12 October 1991; AKAYEV won 96% of the vote in a referendum on his status as president on 30 January 1994" );; line 62113 (wfb::source-text executive_branch kyrgyzstan head_of_government "Prime Minister Apas DJUMAGULOV (since NA December 1993)" );; line 62120 (wfb::source-text executive_branch kyrgyzstan cabinet "Cabinet of Ministers; subordinate to the president" );; line 62122 (wfb::source-text legislative_structure kyrgyzstan "bicameral" );; line 62126 (wfb::source-text legislative_branch kyrgyzstan assembly_of_legislatures "elections last held 5 February 1995 (next to be held no later than NA 1998); 35-member house to which 19 members have been elected so far; next round of runoffs scheduled for 19 April 1995" );; line 62128 (wfb::source-text legislative_branch kyrgyzstan assembly_of_representatives "elections last held 5 February 1995 (next to be held no later than NA 1998); 70-member house to which 60 members have been elected so far; next round of runoffs scheduled for 19 April 1995" );; line 62132 (wfb::source-text judicial_branch kyrgyzstan "Supreme Court" );; line 62141 (wfb::source-text political_parties_and_leaders kyrgyzstan "Social Democratic Party (SDP), Ishenbai KADYRBEKOV, chairman; Democratic Movement of Kyrgyzstan (DMK), Kazat AKHMATOV, chairman; National Unity, German KUZNETSOV; Communist Party of Kyrgyzstan (PCK), Sherali SYDYKOV, chairman; Democratic Movement of Free Kyrgyzstan (ErK), Topchubek TURGUNALIYEV, chairman; Republican Popular Party of Kyrgyzstan; Agrarian Party of Kyrgyzstan, A. ALIYEV" );; line 62145 (wfb::source-text other_political_or_pressure_groups kyrgyzstan "National Unity Democratic Movement; Peasant Party; Council of Free Trade Unions; Union of Entrepreneurs; Agrarian Party" );; line 62154 (wfb::source-text member_of kyrgyzstan "AsDB, CIS, EBRD, ECE, ECO, ESCAP, FAO, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, ILO, IMF, IOC, IOM (observer), ITU, NACC, OIC, OSCE, PCA, PFP, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WTO" );; line 62159 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us kyrgyzstan chief_of_mission "(vacant); Charge d'Affaires ad interim Almas CHUKIN" );; line 62166 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us kyrgyzstan chancery "(temporary) Suite 705, 1511 K Street NW, Washington, DC 20005" );; line 62168 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us kyrgyzstan telephone "[1] (202) 347-3732, 3733, 3718" );; line 62170 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us kyrgyzstan fax "[1] (202) 347-3718" );; line 62172 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation kyrgyzstan chief_of_mission "Ambassador Eileen A. MALLOY" );; line 62177 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation kyrgyzstan embassy "Erkindik Prospekt #66, Bishkek 720002" );; line 62179 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation kyrgyzstan mailing_address "use embassy street address" );; line 62181 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation kyrgyzstan telephone "[7] (3312) 22-29-20, 22-27-77, 22-26-31, 22-24-73" );; line 62183 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation kyrgyzstan fax "[7] (3312) 22-35-51" );; line 62185 (wfb::source-text flag kyrgyzstan "red field with a yellow sun in the center having 40 rays representing the 40 Kirghiz tribes; on the obverse side the rays run counterclockwise, on the reverse, clockwise; in the center of the sun is a red ring crossed by two sets of three lines, a stylized representation of the roof of the traditional Kirghiz yurt" );; line 62189 (wfb::source-text overview kyrgyzstan "Kyrgyzstan is one of the smallest and poorest states of the former Soviet Union. Its economy is heavily agricultural, growing cotton and tobacco on irrigated land in the south and grain in the foothills of the north and raising sheep and goats on mountain pastures. Its small and obsolescent industrial sector, concentrated around Bishkek, has traditionally relied on Russia and other CIS countries for customers and industrial inputs, including most of its fuel. Since 1990, the economy has contracted by almost 50% as subsidies from Moscow vanished and trade links with other former Soviet republics eroded. At the same time, the Kyrgyz government stuck to tight monetary and fiscal policies in 1994 that succeeded in reducing inflation from 23% per month in 1993 to 5.4% per month in 1994. Moreover, Kyrgyzstan has been the most successful of the Central Asian states in reducing state controls over the economy and privatizing state industries. Nevertheless, restructuring proved to be a slow and painful process in 1994 despite relatively large flows of foreign aid and continued progress on economic reform. The decline in output in 1995 may be much smaller, perhaps 5%, compared with an estimated 24% in 1994." );; line 62198 (wfb::source-text national_product kyrgyzstan "GDP - purchasing power parity - $8.4 billion (1994 estimate as extrapolated from World Bank estimate for 1992)" );; line 62218 (wfb::source-text national_product_real_growth_rate kyrgyzstan "-24% (1994 est.)" );; line 62223 (wfb::source-text national_product_per_capita kyrgyzstan "$1,790 (1994 est.)" );; line 62227 (wfb::source-text |Inflation rate (consumer prices)| kyrgyzstan "5.4% per month (1994 est.)" );; line 62231 (wfb::source-text unemployment_rate kyrgyzstan "0.7% includes officially registered unemployed; also large numbers of unregistered unemployed and underemployed workers (1994)" );; line 62235 (wfb::source-text budget kyrgyzstan revenues "$NA" );; line 62241 (wfb::source-text budget kyrgyzstan expenditures "$NA, including capital expenditures of $NA" );; line 62243 (wfb::source-text exports kyrgyzstan "$116 million to countries outside the FSU (1994)" );; line 62247 (wfb::source-text exports kyrgyzstan commodities "wool, chemicals, cotton, ferrous and nonferrous metals, shoes, machinery, tobacco" );; line 62249 (wfb::source-text exports kyrgyzstan partners "Russia 70%, Ukraine, Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan, and others" );; line 62252 (wfb::source-text imports kyrgyzstan "$92.4 million from countries outside the FSU (1994)" );; line 62256 (wfb::source-text imports kyrgyzstan commodities "grain, lumber, industrial products, ferrous metals, fuel, machinery, textiles, footwear" );; line 62258 (wfb::source-text imports kyrgyzstan partners "other CIS republics" );; line 62261 (wfb::source-text external_debt kyrgyzstan "$NA" );; line 62265 (wfb::source-text industrial_production kyrgyzstan "growth rate -24% (1994 est.)" );; line 62269 (wfb::source-text electricity kyrgyzstan capacity "3,660,000 kW" );; line 62274 (wfb::source-text electricity kyrgyzstan production "12.7 billion kWh" );; line 62276 (wfb::source-text electricity kyrgyzstan consumption_per_capita "2,700 kWh (1994)" );; line 62278 (wfb::source-text industry kyrgyzstan "small machinery, textiles, food-processing industries, cement, shoes, sawn logs, refrigerators, furniture, electric motors, gold, and rare earth metals" );; line 62282 (wfb::source-text agriculture kyrgyzstan "wool, tobacco, cotton, livestock (sheep, goats, cattle), vegetables, meat, grapes, fruits and berries, eggs, milk, potatoes" );; line 62288 (wfb::source-text illicit_drugs kyrgyzstan "illicit cultivator of cannabis and opium poppy; mostly for CIS consumption; limited government eradication program; used as transshipment point for illicit drugs to Western Europe and North America from Southwest Asia" );; line 62293 (wfb::source-text economic_aid kyrgyzstan recipient "IMF aid commitments were $80 million in 1993 and $400 million in 1994" );; line 62300 (wfb::source-text currency kyrgyzstan "introduced national currency, the som (10 May 1993)" );; line 62305 (wfb::source-text exchange_rates kyrgyzstan "soms per US$1 - 10.6 (yearend 1994)" );; line 62309 (wfb::source-text fiscal_year kyrgyzstan "calendar year" );; line 62313 (wfb::source-text railroads kyrgyzstan total "370 km in common carrier service; does not include industrial lines" );; line 62319 (wfb::source-text railroads kyrgyzstan broad_gauge "370 km 1.520-m gauge (1990)" );; line 62322 (wfb::source-text highways kyrgyzstan total "30,300 km" );; line 62327 (wfb::source-text highways kyrgyzstan paved_and_graveled "22,600 km" );; line 62329 (wfb::source-text highways kyrgyzstan unpaved "earth 7,700 km (1990)" );; line 62331 (wfb::source-text pipelines kyrgyzstan "natural gas 200 km" );; line 62335 (wfb::source-text port kyrgyzstan "Ysyk-Kol (Rybach'ye)" );; line 62339 (wfb::source-text airports kyrgyzstan total "54" );; line 62344 (wfb::source-text airports kyrgyzstan |with paved runways over 3,047 m| "1" );; line 62346 (wfb::source-text airports kyrgyzstan |with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m| "3" );; line 62348 (wfb::source-text airports kyrgyzstan |with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m| "9" );; line 62350 (wfb::source-text airports kyrgyzstan with_paved_runways_under_914_m "1" );; line 62352 (wfb::source-text airports kyrgyzstan |with unpaved runways 1,524 to 2,438 m| "4" );; line 62354 (wfb::source-text airports kyrgyzstan |with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m| "4" );; line 62356 (wfb::source-text airports kyrgyzstan with_unpaved_runways_under_914_m "32" );; line 62358 (wfb::source-text telephone_system kyrgyzstan "342,000 telephones (1991); 76 telephones/1,000 persons (December 1991); poorly developed; about 100,000 unsatisfied applications for household telephones" );; line 62363 (wfb::source-text telephone_system kyrgyzstan local "NA" );; line 62367 (wfb::source-text telephone_system kyrgyzstan intercity "principally by microwave radio relay" );; line 62369 (wfb::source-text telephone_system kyrgyzstan international "connections with other CIS countries by landline or microwave and with other countries by leased connections with Moscow international gateway switch and by satellite; 1 GORIZONT and 1 INTELSAT satellite link through Ankara to 200 other countries" );; line 62371 (wfb::source-text radio kyrgyzstan broadcast_stations "AM NA, FM NA, shortwave NA" );; line 62379 (wfb::source-text radio kyrgyzstan radios "825,000 (radio receiver systems with multiple speakers for program diffusion 748,000)" );; line 62381 (wfb::source-text television kyrgyzstan broadcast_stations "NA; note - receives Turkish broadcasts" );; line 62387 (wfb::source-text television kyrgyzstan televisions "875,000" );; line 62389 (wfb::source-text defense_branch kyrgyzstan "National Guard, Security Forces (internal and border troops), Civil Defense" );; line 62395 (wfb::source-text manpower_availability kyrgyzstan "males age 15-49 1,154,683; males fit for military service 934,167; males reach military age (18) annually 44,526 (1995 est.)" );; line 62400 (wfb::source-text defense_expenditures kyrgyzstan "$NA, NA% of GDP" );; line 62405 (wfb::source-text location laos "Southeastern Asia, northeast of Thailand" );; line 62416 (wfb::source-text map_references laos "Southeast Asia" );; line 62420 (wfb::source-text area laos total_area "236,800 sq km" );; line 62425 (wfb::source-text area laos land_area "230,800 sq km" );; line 62427 (wfb::source-text area laos comparative_area "slightly larger than Utah" );; line 62429 (wfb::source-text borders laos "total 5,083 km, Burma 235 km, Cambodia 541 km, China 423 km, Thailand 1,754 km, Vietnam 2,130 km" );; line 62433 (wfb::source-text coastline laos "0 km (landlocked)" );; line 62438 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims laos "none; landlocked" );; line 62442 (wfb::source-text international_disputes laos "boundary dispute with Thailand" );; line 62446 (wfb::source-text climate laos "tropical monsoon; rainy season (May to November); dry season (December to April)" );; line 62450 (wfb::source-text terrain laos "mostly rugged mountains; some plains and plateaus" );; line 62455 (wfb::source-text natural-resource laos "timber, hydropower, gypsum, tin, gold, gemstones" );; line 62459 (wfb::source-text land_use laos arable_land "4%" );; line 62464 (wfb::source-text land_use laos permanent_crops "0%" );; line 62466 (wfb::source-text land_use laos meadows_and_pastures "3%" );; line 62468 (wfb::source-text land_use laos forest_and_woodland "58%" );; line 62470 (wfb::source-text land_use laos other "35%" );; line 62472 (wfb::source-text irrigated_land laos "1,554 sq km (1992 est.)" );; line 62476 (wfb::source-text environment laos current_issues "deforestation; soil erosion; a majority of the population does not have access to potable water" );; line 62481 (wfb::source-text environment laos natural_hazards "floods, droughts, and blight" );; line 62484 (wfb::source-text environment laos international_agreements "party to - Climate Change, Environmental Modification, Nuclear Test Ban; signed, but not ratified - Law of the Sea" );; line 62486 (wfb::source-text note laos "landlocked" );; line 62491 (wfb::source-text population laos "4,837,237 (July 1995 est.)" );; line 62497 (wfb::source-text age_structure laos 0-14_years "45% (female 1,084,615; male 1,111,928)" );; line 62502 (wfb::source-text age_structure laos 15-64_years "51% (female 1,280,142; male 1,199,149)" );; line 62504 (wfb::source-text age_structure laos 65_years_and_over "4% (female 86,390; male 75,013) (July 1995 est.)" );; line 62506 (wfb::source-text population_growth_rate laos "2.84% (1995 est.)" );; line 62510 (wfb::source-text birth_rate laos "42.64 births/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 62514 (wfb::source-text death_rate laos "14.28 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 62518 (wfb::source-text net_migration_rate laos "0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 62522 (wfb::source-text infant_mortality_rate laos "99.2 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.)" );; line 62526 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth laos total_population "52.2 years" );; line 62531 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth laos male "50.66 years" );; line 62533 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth laos female "53.81 years (1995 est.)" );; line 62535 (wfb::source-text total_fertility_rate laos "5.98 children born/woman (1995 est.)" );; line 62539 (wfb::source-text nationality laos noun "Lao(s) or Laotian(s)" );; line 62544 (wfb::source-text nationality laos adjective "Lao or Laotian" );; line 62546 (wfb::source-text ethnic-entity laos "Lao Loum (lowland) 68%, Lao Theung (upland) 22%, Lao Soung (highland) including the Hmong (\"Meo\") and the Yao (Mien) 9%, ethnic Vietnamese/Chinese 1%" );; line 62550 (wfb::source-text religion laos "Buddhist 60%, animist and other 40%" );; line 62556 (wfb::source-text language laos "Lao (official), French, English, and various ethnic languages" );; line 62560 (wfb::source-text literacy laos "age 15 and over can read and write (1992)" );; line 62564 (wfb::source-text literacy laos total_population "50%" );; line 62566 (wfb::source-text literacy laos male "65%" );; line 62568 (wfb::source-text literacy laos female "35%" );; line 62570 (wfb::source-text total_labor_force laos "1 million-1.5 million" );; line 62574 (wfb::source-text labor_force_by_occupation laos by_occupation "agriculture 80% (1992 est.)" );; line 62576 (wfb::source-text names laos conventional_long_form "Lao People's Democratic Republic" );; line 62582 (wfb::source-text names laos conventional_short_form "Laos" );; line 62584 (wfb::source-text names laos local_long_form "Sathalanalat Paxathipatai Paxaxon Lao" );; line 62586 (wfb::source-text names laos local_short_form "none" );; line 62588 (wfb::source-text digraph laos "LA" );; line 62592 (wfb::source-text type laos "Communist state" );; line 62596 (wfb::source-text capital laos "Vientiane" );; line 62600 (wfb::source-text administrative_divisions laos "16 provinces (khoueng, singular and plural) and 1 municipality* (kampheng nakhon, singular and plural); Attapu, Bokeo, Bolikhamxai, Champasak, Houaphan, Khammouan, Louangnamtha, Louangphabang, Oudomxai, Phongsali, Salavan, Savannakhet, Viangchan*, Viangchan, Xaignabouli, Xekong, Xiangkhoang" );; line 62604 (wfb::source-text independence laos "19 July 1949 (from France)" );; line 62611 (wfb::source-text national_holiday laos "National Day, 2 December (1975) (proclamation of the Lao People's Democratic Republic)" );; line 62615 (wfb::source-text constitution laos "promulgated 14 August 1991" );; line 62620 (wfb::source-text legal_system laos "based on traditional customs, French legal norms and procedures, and Socialist practice" );; line 62624 (wfb::source-text suffrage laos "18 years of age; universal" );; line 62629 (wfb::source-text executive_branch laos chief_of_state "President NOUHAK PHOUMSAVAN (since 25 November 1992)" );; line 62634 (wfb::source-text executive_branch laos head_of_government "Prime Minister Gen. KHAMTAI SIPHANDON (since 15 August 1991)" );; line 62636 (wfb::source-text executive_branch laos cabinet "Council of Ministers; appointed by the president, approved by the Assembly" );; line 62638 (wfb::source-text legislative_structure laos "unicameral" );; line 62643 (wfb::source-text legislative_branch laos national_assembly "elections last held on 20 December 1992 (next to be held NA); results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (85 total) number of seats by party NA" );; line 62645 (wfb::source-text judicial_branch laos "Supreme People's Court" );; line 62651 (wfb::source-text political_parties_and_leaders laos "Lao People's Revolutionary Party (LPRP), KHAMTAI Siphandon, party president; other parties proscribed" );; line 62655 (wfb::source-text other_political_or_pressure_groups laos "non-Communist political groups proscribed; most opposition leaders fled the country in 1975" );; line 62660 (wfb::source-text member_of laos "ACCT, AsDB, ASEAN (observer), CP, ESCAP, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, INTELSAT (nonsignatory user), INTERPOL, IOC, ITU, NAM, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WMO, WTO" );; line 62665 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us laos chief_of_mission "Ambassador HIEM PHOMMACHANH" );; line 62673 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us laos chancery "2222 S Street NW, Washington, DC 20008" );; line 62675 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us laos telephone "[1] (202) 332-6416, 6417" );; line 62677 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us laos fax "[1] (202) 332-4923" );; line 62679 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation laos chief_of_mission "Ambassador Victor L. TOMSETH" );; line 62684 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation laos embassy "Rue Bartholonie, Vientiane" );; line 62686 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation laos mailing_address "B. P. 114, Vientiane; American Embassy, Box V, APO AP 96546" );; line 62688 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation laos telephone "[856] (21) 212581, 212582, 212585" );; line 62690 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation laos fax "[856] (21) 212584" );; line 62692 (wfb::source-text flag laos "three horizontal bands of red (top), blue (double width), and red with a large white disk centered in the blue band" );; line 62696 (wfb::source-text overview laos "The government of Laos - one of the few remaining official Communist states - has been decentralizing control and encouraging private enterprise since 1986. The results, starting from an extremely low base, have been striking - growth has averaged 7.5% annually since 1988. Even so, Laos is a landlocked country with a primitive infrastructure. It has no railroads, a rudimentary road system, and limited external and internal telecommunications. Electricity is available in only a few urban areas. Subsistence agriculture accounts for half of GDP and provides 80% of total employment. The predominant crop is rice. In non-drought years, Laos is self-sufficient overall in food, but each year flood, pests, and localized drought cause shortages in various parts of the country. For the foreseeable future the economy will continue to depend on aid from the IMF and other international sources; aid from the former USSR and Eastern Europe has been cut sharply. As in many developing countries, deforestation and soil erosion will hamper efforts to maintain the high rate of GDP growth." );; line 62702 (wfb::source-text national_product laos "GDP - purchasing power parity - $4 billion (1994 est.)" );; line 62720 (wfb::source-text national_product_real_growth_rate laos "8.4% (1994 est.)" );; line 62724 (wfb::source-text national_product_per_capita laos "$850 (1994 est.)" );; line 62728 (wfb::source-text |Inflation rate (consumer prices)| laos "6.5% (1994 est.)" );; line 62732 (wfb::source-text unemployment_rate laos "21% (1992 est.)" );; line 62736 (wfb::source-text budget laos revenues "$NA" );; line 62741 (wfb::source-text budget laos expenditures "$NA" );; line 62743 (wfb::source-text exports laos "$277 million (f.o.b., 1994 est.)" );; line 62747 (wfb::source-text exports laos commodities "electricity, wood products, coffee, tin, garments" );; line 62749 (wfb::source-text exports laos partners "Thailand 57%, Germany 10%, France 10%, Japan 5% (1991)" );; line 62751 (wfb::source-text imports laos "$528 million (c.i.f., 1994 est.)" );; line 62755 (wfb::source-text imports laos commodities "food, fuel oil, consumer goods, manufactures" );; line 62757 (wfb::source-text imports laos partners "Thailand 55%, Japan 16%, China 8%, Italy 4% (1991)" );; line 62759 (wfb::source-text external_debt laos "$NA" );; line 62763 (wfb::source-text industrial_production laos "growth rate 7.5% (1992 est.); accounts for 18% of GDP (1992 est.)" );; line 62767 (wfb::source-text electricity laos capacity "260,000 kW" );; line 62772 (wfb::source-text electricity laos production "870 million kWh" );; line 62774 (wfb::source-text electricity laos consumption_per_capita "44 kWh (1993)" );; line 62776 (wfb::source-text industry laos "tin and gypsum mining, timber, electric power, agricultural processing, construction" );; line 62780 (wfb::source-text agriculture laos "principal crops - rice (80% of cultivated land), sweet potatoes, vegetables, corn, coffee, sugarcane, cotton; livestock - buffaloes, hogs, cattle, poultry" );; line 62785 (wfb::source-text illicit_drugs laos "illicit producer of cannabis, opium poppy for the international drug trade, fourth largest opium producer (85 metric tons in 1994); heroin producer; increasingly used as transshipment point for heroin produced in Burma" );; line 62791 (wfb::source-text economic_aid laos recipient "US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-79), $276 million; Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-89), $605 million; Communist countries (1970-89), $995 million; international assistance in loans and grant aid (1993/94) $217.7 million" );; line 62798 (wfb::source-text currency laos "1 new kip (NK) = 100 at" );; line 62805 (wfb::source-text exchange_rates laos "new kips (NK) per US$1 - 717 (1994 est.), 720 (July 1993). 710 (May 1992), 710 (December 1991), 700 (September 1990), 576 (1989)" );; line 62809 (wfb::source-text fiscal_year laos "1 October - 30 September" );; line 62814 (wfb::source-text railroads laos "0 km" );; line 62819 (wfb::source-text highways laos total "14,130 km" );; line 62824 (wfb::source-text highways laos paved "2,260 km" );; line 62826 (wfb::source-text highways laos unpaved "11,870 km (1992 est.)" );; line 62828 (wfb::source-text inland_waterways laos "about 4,587 km, primarily Mekong and tributaries; 2,897 additional kilometers are sectionally navigable by craft drawing less than 0.5 m" );; line 62832 (wfb::source-text pipelines laos "petroleum products 136 km" );; line 62837 (wfb::source-text port laos "none" );; line 62841 (wfb::source-text merchant_marine laos total "1 cargo ship (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 2,370 GRT/3,000 DWT" );; line 62846 (wfb::source-text airports laos total "52" );; line 62851 (wfb::source-text airports laos |with paved runways over 3,047 m| "1" );; line 62853 (wfb::source-text airports laos |with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m| "5" );; line 62855 (wfb::source-text airports laos |with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m| "3" );; line 62857 (wfb::source-text airports laos with_paved_runways_under_914_m "25" );; line 62859 (wfb::source-text airports laos |with unpaved runways 1,524 to 2,438 m| "1" );; line 62861 (wfb::source-text airports laos |with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m| "17" );; line 62863 (wfb::source-text telephone_system laos "7,390 telephones (1986); service to general public very poor; radio communications network provides generally erratic service to government users" );; line 62868 (wfb::source-text telephone_system laos local "16 telephone lines per 1,000 people" );; line 62872 (wfb::source-text telephone_system laos intercity "radio communications" );; line 62874 (wfb::source-text telephone_system laos international "1 earth station" );; line 62876 (wfb::source-text radio laos broadcast_stations "AM 10, FM 0, shortwave 0" );; line 62881 (wfb::source-text radio laos radios "NA" );; line 62883 (wfb::source-text television laos broadcast_stations "2" );; line 62888 (wfb::source-text television laos televisions "NA" );; line 62890 (wfb::source-text defense_branch laos "Lao People's Army (LPA; includes riverine naval and militia elements), Air Force, National Police Department" );; line 62896 (wfb::source-text manpower_availability laos "males age 15-49 1,051,105; males fit for military service 567,017; males reach military age (18) annually 51,437 (1995 est.)" );; line 62901 (wfb::source-text defense_expenditures laos "exchange rate conversion - $105 million, 8.1% of GDP (FY92/93)" );; line 62906 (wfb::source-text location latvia "Eastern Europe, bordering the Baltic Sea, between Estonia and Lithuania" );; line 62916 (wfb::source-text map_references latvia "Europe" );; line 62921 (wfb::source-text area latvia total_area "64,100 sq km" );; line 62926 (wfb::source-text area latvia land_area "64,100 sq km" );; line 62928 (wfb::source-text area latvia comparative_area "slightly larger than West Virginia" );; line 62930 (wfb::source-text borders latvia "total 1,078 km, Belarus 141 km, Estonia 267 km, Lithuania 453 km, Russia 217 km" );; line 62934 (wfb::source-text coastline latvia "531 km" );; line 62939 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims latvia exclusive_economic_zone "200 nm" );; line 62944 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims latvia territorial_sea "12 nm" );; line 62946 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims latvia continental_shelf "200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation" );; line 62948 (wfb::source-text international_disputes latvia "the Abrene section of border ceded by the Latvian Soviet Socialist Republic to Russia in 1944" );; line 62952 (wfb::source-text climate latvia "maritime; wet, moderate winters" );; line 62957 (wfb::source-text terrain latvia "low plain" );; line 62961 (wfb::source-text natural-resource latvia "minimal; amber, peat, limestone, dolomite" );; line 62965 (wfb::source-text land_use latvia arable_land "27%" );; line 62970 (wfb::source-text land_use latvia permanent_crops "0%" );; line 62972 (wfb::source-text land_use latvia meadows_and_pastures "13%" );; line 62974 (wfb::source-text land_use latvia forest_and_woodland "39%" );; line 62976 (wfb::source-text land_use latvia other "21%" );; line 62978 (wfb::source-text irrigated_land latvia "160 sq km (1990)" );; line 62982 (wfb::source-text environment latvia current_issues "air and water pollution because of a lack of waste conversion equipment; Gulf of Riga and Daugava River heavily polluted; contamination of soil and groundwater with chemicals and petroleum products at military bases" );; line 62987 (wfb::source-text environment latvia natural_hazards "NA" );; line 62991 (wfb::source-text environment latvia international_agreements "party to - Air Pollution, Hazardous Wastes, Ship Pollution; signed, but not ratified - Biodiversity, Climate Change" );; line 62993 (wfb::source-text population latvia "2,762,899 (July 1995 est.)" );; line 63000 (wfb::source-text age_structure latvia 0-14_years "22% (female 294,521; male 304,830)" );; line 63005 (wfb::source-text age_structure latvia 15-64_years "65% (female 933,003; male 870,128)" );; line 63007 (wfb::source-text age_structure latvia 65_years_and_over "13% (female 247,476; male 112,941) (July 1995 est.)" );; line 63009 (wfb::source-text population_growth_rate latvia "0.5% (1995 est.)" );; line 63013 (wfb::source-text birth_rate latvia "13.71 births/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 63017 (wfb::source-text death_rate latvia "12.49 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 63021 (wfb::source-text net_migration_rate latvia "3.76 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 63025 (wfb::source-text infant_mortality_rate latvia "21 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.)" );; line 63029 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth latvia total_population "69.65 years" );; line 63034 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth latvia male "64.6 years" );; line 63036 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth latvia female "74.95 years (1995 est.)" );; line 63038 (wfb::source-text total_fertility_rate latvia "1.97 children born/woman (1995 est.)" );; line 63042 (wfb::source-text nationality latvia noun "Latvian(s)" );; line 63047 (wfb::source-text nationality latvia adjective "Latvian" );; line 63049 (wfb::source-text ethnic-entity latvia "Latvian 51.8%, Russian 33.8%, Byelorussian 4.5%, Ukrainian 3.4%, Polish 2.3%, other 4.2%" );; line 63053 (wfb::source-text religion latvia "Lutheran, Roman Catholic, Russian Orthodox" );; line 63058 (wfb::source-text language latvia "Lettish (official), Lithuanian, Russian, other" );; line 63062 (wfb::source-text literacy latvia "age 15 and over can read and write (1989)" );; line 63066 (wfb::source-text literacy latvia total_population "100%" );; line 63068 (wfb::source-text literacy latvia male "100%" );; line 63070 (wfb::source-text literacy latvia female "99%" );; line 63072 (wfb::source-text total_labor_force latvia "1.407 million" );; line 63076 (wfb::source-text labor_force_by_occupation latvia by_occupation "industry and construction 41%, agriculture and forestry 16%, other 43% (1990)" );; line 63078 (wfb::source-text names latvia conventional_long_form "Republic of Latvia" );; line 63085 (wfb::source-text names latvia conventional_short_form "Latvia" );; line 63087 (wfb::source-text names latvia local_long_form "Latvijas Republika" );; line 63089 (wfb::source-text names latvia local_short_form "Latvija" );; line 63091 (wfb::source-text names latvia former "Latvian Soviet Socialist Republic" );; line 63093 (wfb::source-text digraph latvia "LG" );; line 63097 (wfb::source-text type latvia "republic" );; line 63101 (wfb::source-text capital latvia "Riga" );; line 63105 (wfb::source-text administrative_divisions latvia "26 counties (singular - rajons) and 7 municipalities*: Aizkraukles Rajons, Aluksnes Rajons, Balvu Rajons, Bauskas Rajons, Cesu Rajons, Daugavpils*, Daugavpils Rajons, Dobeles Rajons, Gulbenes Rajons, Jekabpils Rajons, Jelgava*, Jelgavas Rajons, Jurmala*, Kraslavas Rajons, Kuldigas Rajons, Leipaja*, Liepajas Rajons, Limbazu Rajons, Ludzas Rajons, Madonas Rajons, Ogres Rajons, Preiju Rajons, Rezekne*, Rezeknes Rajons, Riga*, Rigas Rajons, Saldus Rajons, Talsu Rajons, Tukuma Rajons, Valkas Rajons, Valmieras Rajons, Ventspils*, Ventspils Rajons" );; line 63109 (wfb::source-text independence latvia "6 September 1991 (from Soviet Union)" );; line 63120 (wfb::source-text national_holiday latvia "Independence Day, 18 November (1918)" );; line 63124 (wfb::source-text constitution latvia "newly elected Parliament in 1993 restored the 1933 constitution" );; line 63128 (wfb::source-text legal_system latvia "based on civil law system" );; line 63132 (wfb::source-text suffrage latvia "18 years of age; universal" );; line 63136 (wfb::source-text executive_branch latvia chief_of_state "President Guntis ULMANIS (since 7 July 1993); Parliament (Saeima) elected President ULMANIS in the third round of balloting on 7 July 1993" );; line 63141 (wfb::source-text executive_branch latvia head_of_government "Prime Minister Maris GAILIS (since September 1994)" );; line 63144 (wfb::source-text executive_branch latvia cabinet "Council of Ministers; appointed by the Supreme Council" );; line 63146 (wfb::source-text legislative_structure latvia "unicameral" );; line 63150 (wfb::source-text legislative_branch latvia |Parliament (Saeima)| "elections last held 5-6 June 1993 (next to be held NA October 1995); results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (100 total) LC 36, LNNK 15, Concord for Latvia 13, LZS 12, Equal Rights 7, LKDS 6, TUB 6, DCP 5" );; line 63152 (wfb::source-text judicial_branch latvia "Supreme Court" );; line 63158 (wfb::source-text political_parties_and_leaders latvia "Latvian Way Union (LC), Valdis BIRKAVS; Latvian Farmers Union (LZS), Alvars BERKIS; Latvian National Independence Movement (LNNK), Andrejs KRASTINS, Aristids LAMBERGS, cochairmen; Concord for Latvia, Janis JURKANS; Equal Rights, Sergejs DIMANIS; Christian Democrat Union (LKDS), Peteris CIMDINS, Andris SAULITIS, Janis RUSKO; Fatherland and Freedom (TUB), Maris GRINBLATS, Roberts MILBERGS, Oigerts DZENTIS; Democratic Center (DCP), Ints CALITIS; Popular Front of Latvia (LTF), Uldis AUGSTKALNS" );; line 63162 (wfb::source-text member_of latvia "BIS, CBSS, CCC, CE, EBRD, ECE, FAO, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT (nonsignatory user), INTERPOL, IOC, IOM (observer), ITU, NACC, OSCE, PFP, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WEU (associate partner), WHO, WIPO, WMO" );; line 63172 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us latvia chief_of_mission "Ambassador Ojars Eriks KALNINS" );; line 63180 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us latvia chancery "4325 17th Street NW, Washington, DC 20011" );; line 63182 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us latvia telephone "[1] (202) 726-8213, 8214" );; line 63184 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us latvia fax "[1] (202) 726-6785" );; line 63186 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation latvia chief_of_mission "Ambassador Ints M, SILINS" );; line 63191 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation latvia embassy "Raina Boulevard 7, Riga 226050" );; line 63193 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation latvia mailing_address "use embassy street address" );; line 63195 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation latvia telephone "[371] (2) 213-962" );; line 63197 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation latvia fax "[371] 882-0047 (cellular)" );; line 63199 (wfb::source-text flag latvia "two horizontal bands of maroon (top and bottom), white (middle, narrower than other two bands)" );; line 63203 (wfb::source-text overview latvia "Latvia is rapidly becoming a dynamic market economy, rivaled only by Estonia among the former Soviet states in the speed of its transformation. However, the transition has been painful; in 1994 the IMF reported a 2% growth in GDP, following steep declines in 1992-93. The government's tough monetary policies and reform program have kept inflation at less than 2% a month, supported a dynamic private sector now accounting for more than half of GDP, and spurred the growth of trade ties with the West. Much of agriculture is already privatized and the government plans to step up the pace of privatization of state enterprises. Latvia thus is in the midst of recovery, helped by the country's strategic location on the Baltic Sea, its well-educated population, and its diverse - albeit largely obsolete - industrial structure." );; line 63209 (wfb::source-text national_product latvia "GDP - purchasing power parity - $12.3 billion (1994 estimate as extrapolated from World Bank estimate for 1992)" );; line 63224 (wfb::source-text national_product_real_growth_rate latvia "2% (1994 est.)" );; line 63229 (wfb::source-text national_product_per_capita latvia "$4,480 (1994 est.)" );; line 63233 (wfb::source-text |Inflation rate (consumer prices)| latvia "1.9% (monthly average 1994)" );; line 63237 (wfb::source-text unemployment_rate latvia "6.5% (December 1994)" );; line 63241 (wfb::source-text budget latvia revenues "$NA" );; line 63246 (wfb::source-text budget latvia expenditures "$NA, including capital expenditures of $NA" );; line 63248 (wfb::source-text exports latvia "$1 billion (f.o.b., 1994)" );; line 63252 (wfb::source-text exports latvia commodities "oil products, timber, ferrous metals, dairy products, furniture, textiles" );; line 63254 (wfb::source-text exports latvia partners "Russia, Germany, Sweden, Belarus" );; line 63257 (wfb::source-text imports latvia "$1.2 billion (c.i.f., 1994)" );; line 63261 (wfb::source-text imports latvia commodities "fuels, cars, ferrous metals, chemicals" );; line 63263 (wfb::source-text imports latvia partners "Russia, Germany, Sweden, Ukraine" );; line 63265 (wfb::source-text external_debt latvia "$NA" );; line 63269 (wfb::source-text industrial_production latvia "growth rate -9.5% (1994 est.); accounts for 27% of GDP" );; line 63273 (wfb::source-text electricity latvia capacity "2,080,000 kW" );; line 63278 (wfb::source-text electricity latvia production "5.5 billion kWh" );; line 63280 (wfb::source-text electricity latvia consumption_per_capita "1,864 kWh (1993)" );; line 63282 (wfb::source-text industry latvia "highly diversified; dependent on imports for energy, raw materials, and intermediate products; produces buses, vans, street and railroad cars, synthetic fibers, agricultural machinery, fertilizers, washing machines, radios, electronics, pharmaceuticals, processed foods, textiles" );; line 63286 (wfb::source-text agriculture latvia "principally dairy farming and livestock feeding; products - meat, milk, eggs, grain, sugar beets, potatoes, vegetables; fishing and fish packing" );; line 63293 (wfb::source-text illicit_drugs latvia "transshipment point for illicit drugs from Central and Southwest Asia and Latin America to Western Europe; limited producer of illicit opium; mostly for domestic consumption; also produces illicit amphetamines for export" );; line 63299 (wfb::source-text economic_aid latvia "$NA" );; line 63306 (wfb::source-text currency latvia "1 lat = 100 cents; introduced NA March 1993" );; line 63310 (wfb::source-text exchange_rates latvia "lats per US$1 - 0.55 (December 1994), 0.5917 (January 1994), 1.32 (March 1993)" );; line 63314 (wfb::source-text fiscal_year latvia "calendar year" );; line 63319 (wfb::source-text railroads latvia total "2,400 km" );; line 63325 (wfb::source-text railroads latvia broad_gauge "2,400 km 1.520-m gauge (270 km electrified)" );; line 63327 (wfb::source-text highways latvia total "59,500 km" );; line 63332 (wfb::source-text highways latvia paved_and_graveled "33,000 km" );; line 63334 (wfb::source-text highways latvia unpaved "earth 26,500 km (1990)" );; line 63336 (wfb::source-text inland_waterways latvia "300 km perennially navigable" );; line 63340 (wfb::source-text pipelines latvia "crude oil 750 km; refined products 780 km; natural gas 560 km (1992)" );; line 63344 (wfb::source-text port latvia "Daugavpils, Liepaja, Riga, Ventspils" );; line 63349 (wfb::source-text merchant_marine latvia total "85 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 774,182 GRT/1,010,517 DWT" );; line 63354 (wfb::source-text merchant_marine latvia ships_by_type "cargo 17, oil tanker 37, refrigerated cargo 24, roll-on/roll-off cargo 7" );; line 63356 (wfb::source-text airports latvia total "50" );; line 63362 (wfb::source-text airports latvia |with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m| "6" );; line 63364 (wfb::source-text airports latvia |with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m| "2" );; line 63366 (wfb::source-text airports latvia |with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m| "1" );; line 63368 (wfb::source-text airports latvia with_paved_runways_under_914_m "27" );; line 63370 (wfb::source-text airports latvia |with unpaved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m| "2" );; line 63372 (wfb::source-text airports latvia |with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m| "2" );; line 63374 (wfb::source-text airports latvia with_unpaved_runways_under_914_m "10" );; line 63376 (wfb::source-text telephone_system latvia "660,000 telephones; 240 telephones/1,000 persons (1993); Latvia is better provided with telephone service than most of the other former Soviet republics; an NMT-450 analog cellular telephone network covers 75% of Latvia's population" );; line 63381 (wfb::source-text telephone_system latvia local "NA" );; line 63386 (wfb::source-text telephone_system latvia intercity "NA" );; line 63388 (wfb::source-text telephone_system latvia international "international traffic carried by leased connection to the Moscow international gateway switch and through the new Ericsson AXE local/transit digital telephone exchange in Riga and through the Finnish cellular net; electronic mail capability by Sprint data network" );; line 63390 (wfb::source-text radio latvia broadcast_stations "AM NA, FM NA, shortwave NA" );; line 63398 (wfb::source-text radio latvia radios "NA" );; line 63400 (wfb::source-text television latvia broadcast_stations "NA" );; line 63405 (wfb::source-text television latvia televisions "NA" );; line 63407 (wfb::source-text defense_branch latvia "Ground Forces, Navy, Air and Air Defense Forces, Security Forces (internal and border troops), Border Guard, Home Guard (Zemessardze)" );; line 63413 (wfb::source-text manpower_availability latvia "males age 15-49 658,193; males fit for military service 517,896; males reach military age (18) annually 18,736 (1995 est.)" );; line 63418 (wfb::source-text defense_expenditures latvia "176 million rubles, 3% to 5% of GDP (1994); note - conversion of the military budget into US dollars using the prevailing exchange rate could produce misleading results" );; line 63423 (wfb::source-text location lebanon "Middle East, bordering the Mediterranean Sea, between Israel and Syria" );; line 63457 (wfb::source-text map_references lebanon "Middle East" );; line 63462 (wfb::source-text area lebanon total_area "10,400 sq km" );; line 63467 (wfb::source-text area lebanon land_area "10,230 sq km" );; line 63469 (wfb::source-text area lebanon comparative_area "about 0.8 times the size of Connecticut" );; line 63471 (wfb::source-text borders lebanon "total 454 km, Israel 79 km, Syria 375 km" );; line 63475 (wfb::source-text coastline lebanon "225 km" );; line 63479 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims lebanon territorial_sea "12 nm" );; line 63484 (wfb::source-text international_disputes lebanon "separated from Israel by the 1949 Armistice Line; Israeli troops in southern Lebanon since June 1982; Syrian troops in northern, central, and eastern Lebanon since October 1976" );; line 63488 (wfb::source-text climate lebanon "Mediterranean; mild to cool, wet winters with hot, dry summers; Lebanon mountains experience heavy winter snows" );; line 63494 (wfb::source-text terrain lebanon "narrow coastal plain; Al Biqa' (Bekaa Valley) separates Lebanon and Anti-Lebanon Mountains" );; line 63499 (wfb::source-text natural-resource lebanon "limestone, iron ore, salt, water-surplus state in a water-deficit region" );; line 63504 (wfb::source-text land_use lebanon arable_land "21%" );; line 63510 (wfb::source-text land_use lebanon permanent_crops "9%" );; line 63512 (wfb::source-text land_use lebanon meadows_and_pastures "1%" );; line 63514 (wfb::source-text land_use lebanon forest_and_woodland "8%" );; line 63516 (wfb::source-text land_use lebanon other "61%" );; line 63518 (wfb::source-text irrigated_land lebanon "860 sq km (1989 est.)" );; line 63522 (wfb::source-text environment lebanon current_issues "deforestation; soil erosion; desertification; air pollution in Beirut from vehicular traffic and the burning of industrial wastes; pollution of coastal waters from raw sewage and oil spills" );; line 63527 (wfb::source-text environment lebanon natural_hazards "duststorms, sandstorms" );; line 63531 (wfb::source-text environment lebanon international_agreements "party to - Biodiversity, Climate Change, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution; signed, but not ratified - Desertification, Environmental Modification, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation" );; line 63533 (wfb::source-text note lebanon "Nahr al Litani only major river in Near East not crossing an international boundary; rugged terrain historically helped isolate, protect, and develop numerous factional groups based on religion, clan, and ethnicity" );; line 63540 (wfb::source-text population lebanon "3,695,921 (July 1995 est.)" );; line 63548 (wfb::source-text age_structure lebanon 0-14_years "36% (female 657,403; male 682,757)" );; line 63553 (wfb::source-text age_structure lebanon 15-64_years "58% (female 1,131,450; male 1,016,859)" );; line 63555 (wfb::source-text age_structure lebanon 65_years_and_over "6% (female 111,585; male 95,867) (July 1995 est.)" );; line 63557 (wfb::source-text population_growth_rate lebanon "2.15% (1995 est.)" );; line 63561 (wfb::source-text birth_rate lebanon "27.9 births/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 63565 (wfb::source-text death_rate lebanon "6.44 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 63569 (wfb::source-text net_migration_rate lebanon "0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 63573 (wfb::source-text infant_mortality_rate lebanon "38 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.)" );; line 63577 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth lebanon total_population "69.69 years" );; line 63582 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth lebanon male "67.22 years" );; line 63584 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth lebanon female "72.28 years (1995 est.)" );; line 63586 (wfb::source-text total_fertility_rate lebanon "3.31 children born/woman (1995 est.)" );; line 63590 (wfb::source-text nationality lebanon noun "Lebanese (singular and plural)" );; line 63595 (wfb::source-text nationality lebanon adjective "Lebanese" );; line 63597 (wfb::source-text ethnic-entity lebanon "Arab 95%, Armenian 4%, other 1%" );; line 63601 (wfb::source-text religion lebanon "Islam 70% (5 legally recognized Islamic groups - Alawite or Nusayri, Druze, Isma'ilite, Shi'a, Sunni), Christian 30% (11 legally recognized Christian groups - 4 Orthodox Christian, 6 Catholic, 1 Protestant), Judaism NEGL%" );; line 63605 (wfb::source-text language lebanon "Arabic (official), French (official), Armenian, English" );; line 63612 (wfb::source-text literacy lebanon "age 15 and over can read and write (1990 est.)" );; line 63616 (wfb::source-text literacy lebanon total_population "80%" );; line 63618 (wfb::source-text literacy lebanon male "88%" );; line 63620 (wfb::source-text literacy lebanon female "73%" );; line 63622 (wfb::source-text total_labor_force lebanon "650,000" );; line 63626 (wfb::source-text labor_force_by_occupation lebanon by_occupation "industry, commerce, and services 79%, agriculture 11%, government 10% (1985)" );; line 63628 (wfb::source-text names lebanon conventional_long_form "Republic of Lebanon" );; line 63635 (wfb::source-text names lebanon conventional_short_form "Lebanon" );; line 63637 (wfb::source-text names lebanon local_long_form "Al Jumhuriyah al Lubnaniyah" );; line 63639 (wfb::source-text names lebanon local_short_form "none" );; line 63641 (wfb::source-text digraph lebanon "LE" );; line 63645 (wfb::source-text type lebanon "republic" );; line 63649 (wfb::source-text capital lebanon "Beirut" );; line 63653 (wfb::source-text administrative_divisions lebanon "5 governorates (muhafazat, singular - muhafazah); Al Biqa, 'Al Janub, Ash Shamal, Bayrut, Jabal Lubnan" );; line 63657 (wfb::source-text independence lebanon "22 November 1943 (from League of Nations mandate under French administration)" );; line 63662 (wfb::source-text national_holiday lebanon "Independence Day, 22 November (1943)" );; line 63667 (wfb::source-text constitution lebanon "23 May 1926, amended a number of times" );; line 63671 (wfb::source-text legal_system lebanon "mixture of Ottoman law, canon law, Napoleonic code, and civil law; no judicial review of legislative acts; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction" );; line 63675 (wfb::source-text suffrage lebanon "21 years of age; compulsory for all males; authorized for women at age 21 with elementary education" );; line 63681 (wfb::source-text executive_branch lebanon chief_of_state "President Ilyas HARAWI (since 24 November 1989); note - by custom, the president is a Maronite Christian, the prime minister is a Sunni Muslim, and the speaker of the legislature is a Shi'a Muslim" );; line 63687 (wfb::source-text executive_branch lebanon head_of_government "Prime Minister Rafiq HARIRI (since 22 October 1992)" );; line 63691 (wfb::source-text executive_branch lebanon cabinet "Cabinet; chosen by the president in consultation with the members of the National Assembly" );; line 63693 (wfb::source-text legislative_structure lebanon "unicameral" );; line 63698 (wfb::source-text legislative_branch lebanon national_assembly "(Arabic - Majlis Alnuwab, French - Assemblee Nationale) Lebanon's first legislative election in 20 years was held in the summer of 1992; the National Assembly is composed of 128 deputies, one-half Christian and one-half Muslim; its mandate expires in 1996" );; line 63700 (wfb::source-text judicial_branch lebanon "four Courts of Cassation (three courts for civil and commercial cases and one court for criminal cases)" );; line 63707 (wfb::source-text political_parties_and_leaders lebanon "political party activity is organized along largely sectarian lines; numerous political groupings exist, consisting of individual political figures and followers motivated by religious, clan, and economic considerations" );; line 63712 (wfb::source-text member_of lebanon "ABEDA, ACCT, AFESD, AL, AMF, CCC, ESCWA, FAO, G-24, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, ITU, NAM, OIC, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNRWA, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO" );; line 63719 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us lebanon chief_of_mission "Ambassador Riyad TABBARAH" );; line 63727 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us lebanon chancery "2560 28th Street NW, Washington, DC 20008" );; line 63729 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us lebanon telephone "[1] (202) 939-6300" );; line 63731 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us lebanon fax "[1] (202) 939-6324" );; line 63733 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us lebanon |consulate(s) general| "Detroit, New York, and Los Angeles" );; line 63735 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation lebanon chief_of_mission "(vacant)" );; line 63740 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation lebanon embassy "Antelias, Beirut" );; line 63742 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation lebanon address "P. O. Box 70-840, Beirut; PSC 815, Box 2, Beirut; FPO AE 09836-0002" );; line 63744 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation lebanon telephone "[961] (1) 402200, 403300, 416502, 426183, 417774" );; line 63747 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation lebanon fax "[961] (1) 407112" );; line 63749 (wfb::source-text flag lebanon "three horizontal bands of red (top), white (double width), and red with a green and brown cedar tree centered in the white band" );; line 63753 (wfb::source-text overview lebanon "The 1975-1991 civil war seriously damaged Lebanon's economic infrastructure, cut national output by half, and all but ended Lebanon's position as a Middle Eastern entrepot and banking hub. A tentative peace has enabled the central government to begin restoring control in Beirut, collect taxes, and regain access to key port and government facilities. The battered economy has also been propped up by a financially sound banking system and resilient small- and medium-scale manufacturers. Family remittances, banking transactions, manufactured and farm exports, the narcotics trade, and international emergency aid are the main sources of foreign exchange. In the relatively settled year of 1991, industrial production, agricultural output, and exports showed substantial gains. The further rebuilding of the war-ravaged country was delayed in 1992 because of an upturn in political wrangling. In October 1992, Rafiq HARIRI was appointed Prime Minister. HARIRI, a wealthy entrepreneur, announced ambitious plans for Lebanon's reconstruction which involve a substantial influx of foreign aid and investment. Progress on restoring basic services is limited. Since Prime Minister HARIRI's appointment, the most significant improvement lies in the stabilization of the Lebanese pound, which had gained over 30% in value by yearend 1993. The years 1993 and 1994 were marked by efforts of the new administration to encourage domestic and foreign investment and to obtain additional international assistance. The construction sector led the 8.5% advance in real GDP in 1994." );; line 63759 (wfb::source-text national_product lebanon "GDP - purchasing power parity - $15.8 billion (1994 est.)" );; line 63783 (wfb::source-text national_product_real_growth_rate lebanon "8.5% (1994 est.)" );; line 63787 (wfb::source-text national_product_per_capita lebanon "$4,360 (1994 est.)" );; line 63791 (wfb::source-text |Inflation rate (consumer prices)| lebanon "12% (1994 est.)" );; line 63795 (wfb::source-text unemployment_rate lebanon "35% (1993 est.)" );; line 63799 (wfb::source-text budget lebanon revenues "$1.4 billion" );; line 63804 (wfb::source-text budget lebanon expenditures "$3.2 billion (1994 est.)" );; line 63806 (wfb::source-text exports lebanon "$925 million (f.o.b., 1993 est.)" );; line 63810 (wfb::source-text exports lebanon commodities "agricultural products, chemicals, textiles, precious and semiprecious metals and jewelry, metals and metal products" );; line 63812 (wfb::source-text exports lebanon partners "Saudi Arabia 21%, Switzerland 9.5%, Jordan 6%, Kuwait 12%, US 5%" );; line 63815 (wfb::source-text imports lebanon "$4.1 billion (c.i.f., 1993 est.)" );; line 63819 (wfb::source-text imports lebanon commodities "consumer goods, machinery and transport equipment, petroleum products" );; line 63821 (wfb::source-text imports lebanon partners "Italy 14%, France 12%, US 6%, Turkey 5%, Saudi Arabia 3%" );; line 63824 (wfb::source-text external_debt lebanon "$765 million (1994 est.)" );; line 63828 (wfb::source-text industrial_production lebanon "growth rate 25% (1993 est.)" );; line 63832 (wfb::source-text electricity lebanon capacity "1,220,000 kW" );; line 63837 (wfb::source-text electricity lebanon production "2.5 billion kWh" );; line 63839 (wfb::source-text electricity lebanon consumption_per_capita "676 kWh (1993)" );; line 63841 (wfb::source-text industry lebanon "banking, food processing, textiles, cement, oil refining, chemicals, jewelry, some metal fabricating" );; line 63845 (wfb::source-text agriculture lebanon "principal products - citrus fruits, vegetables, potatoes, olives, tobacco, hemp (hashish), sheep, goats; not self-sufficient in grain" );; line 63850 (wfb::source-text illicit_drugs lebanon "illicit producer of hashish and heroin for the international drug trade; hashish production is shipped to Western Europe, the Middle East, and North and South America; increasingly a key locus of cocaine processing and trafficking; a Lebanese/Syrian 1994 eradication campaign eliminated the opium crop and caused a 50% decrease in the cannabis crop" );; line 63855 (wfb::source-text economic_aid lebanon "the government estimates that it has received $1.7 billion in aid and has an additional $725 million in commitments to support its $3 billion National Emergency Recovery Program" );; line 63863 (wfb::source-text currency lebanon "1 Lebanese pound (#L) = 100 piasters" );; line 63869 (wfb::source-text exchange_rates lebanon "Lebanese pounds (#L) per US$1 - 1,644.6 (January 1995), 1,680.1 (1994), 1,741.4 (1993), 1,712.8 (1992), 928.23 (1991), 695.09 (1990)" );; line 63873 (wfb::source-text fiscal_year lebanon "calendar year" );; line 63878 (wfb::source-text railroads lebanon total "222 km" );; line 63884 (wfb::source-text railroads lebanon standard_gauge "222 km 1.435-m" );; line 63886 (wfb::source-text highways lebanon total "7,300 km" );; line 63893 (wfb::source-text highways lebanon paved "6,200 km" );; line 63895 (wfb::source-text highways lebanon unpaved "gravel 450 km; improved earth 650 km" );; line 63897 (wfb::source-text pipelines lebanon "crude oil 72 km (none in operation)" );; line 63901 (wfb::source-text port lebanon "Al Batrun, Al Mina, An Naqurah, Antilyas, Az Zahrani, Beirut, Jubayl, Juniyah, Shikka Jadidah, Sidon, Tripoli, Tyre" );; line 63905 (wfb::source-text merchant_marine lebanon total "64 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 260,383 GRT/381,937 DWT" );; line 63911 (wfb::source-text merchant_marine lebanon ships_by_type "bulk 4, cargo 41, chemical tanker 1, combination bulk 1, combination ore/oil 1, container 2, livestock carrier 6, refrigerated cargo 3, roll-on/roll-off cargo 2, specialized tanker 1, vehicle carrier 2" );; line 63913 (wfb::source-text airports lebanon total "9" );; line 63920 (wfb::source-text airports lebanon |with paved runways over 3,047 m| "1" );; line 63922 (wfb::source-text airports lebanon |with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m| "2" );; line 63924 (wfb::source-text airports lebanon |with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m| "2" );; line 63926 (wfb::source-text airports lebanon |with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m| "1" );; line 63928 (wfb::source-text airports lebanon with_paved_runways_under_914_m "2" );; line 63930 (wfb::source-text airports lebanon |with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m| "1" );; line 63932 (wfb::source-text telephone_system lebanon "325,000 telephones; 95 telephones/1,000 persons; telecommunications system severely damaged by civil war; rebuilding still underway" );; line 63937 (wfb::source-text telephone_system lebanon local "NA" );; line 63940 (wfb::source-text telephone_system lebanon intercity "primarily microwave radio relay and cable" );; line 63942 (wfb::source-text telephone_system lebanon international "2 INTELSAT (1 Indian Ocean and 1 Atlantic Ocean) earth stations (erratic operations); coaxial cable to Syria; microwave radio relay to Syria but inoperable beyond Syria to Jordan; 3 submarine coaxial cables" );; line 63944 (wfb::source-text radio lebanon broadcast_stations "AM 5, FM 3, shortwave 0; note - numerous AM and FM stations are operated sporadically by various factions" );; line 63951 (wfb::source-text radio lebanon radios "NA" );; line 63954 (wfb::source-text television lebanon broadcast_stations "13" );; line 63959 (wfb::source-text television lebanon televisions "NA" );; line 63961 (wfb::source-text defense_branch lebanon "Lebanese Armed Forces (LAF; includes Army, Navy, and Air Force)" );; line 63967 (wfb::source-text manpower_availability lebanon "males age 15-49 857,698; males fit for military service 533,640 (1995 est.)" );; line 63971 (wfb::source-text defense_expenditures lebanon "exchange rate conversion - $278 million, 5.5% of GDP (1994)" );; line 63976 (wfb::source-text location lesotho "Southern Africa, an enclave of South Africa" );; line 63986 (wfb::source-text map_references lesotho "Africa" );; line 63990 (wfb::source-text area lesotho total_area "30,350 sq km" );; line 63995 (wfb::source-text area lesotho land_area "30,350 sq km" );; line 63997 (wfb::source-text area lesotho comparative_area "slightly larger than Maryland" );; line 63999 (wfb::source-text borders lesotho "total 909 km, South Africa 909 km" );; line 64003 (wfb::source-text coastline lesotho "0 km (landlocked)" );; line 64007 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims lesotho "none; landlocked" );; line 64011 (wfb::source-text international_disputes lesotho "none" );; line 64015 (wfb::source-text climate lesotho "temperate; cool to cold, dry winters; hot, wet summers" );; line 64019 (wfb::source-text terrain lesotho "mostly highland with plateaus, hills, and mountains" );; line 64023 (wfb::source-text natural-resource lesotho "water, agricultural and grazing land, some diamonds and other minerals" );; line 64027 (wfb::source-text land_use lesotho arable_land "10%" );; line 64033 (wfb::source-text land_use lesotho permanent_crops "0%" );; line 64035 (wfb::source-text land_use lesotho meadows_and_pastures "66%" );; line 64037 (wfb::source-text land_use lesotho forest_and_woodland "0%" );; line 64039 (wfb::source-text land_use lesotho other "24%" );; line 64041 (wfb::source-text irrigated_land lesotho "NA sq km" );; line 64045 (wfb::source-text environment lesotho current_issues "population pressure forcing settlement in marginal areas results in overgrazing, severe soil erosion, soil exhaustion; desertification; Highlands Water Project will control, store, and redirect water to South Africa" );; line 64050 (wfb::source-text environment lesotho natural_hazards "periodic droughts" );; line 64054 (wfb::source-text environment lesotho international_agreements "party to - Biodiversity, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands; signed, but not ratified - Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping" );; line 64056 (wfb::source-text note lesotho "landlocked; surrounded by South Africa" );; line 64062 (wfb::source-text population lesotho "1,992,960 (July 1995 est.)" );; line 64068 (wfb::source-text age_structure lesotho 0-14_years "41% (female 407,213; male 416,709)" );; line 64073 (wfb::source-text age_structure lesotho 15-64_years "54% (female 558,106; male 520,961)" );; line 64075 (wfb::source-text age_structure lesotho 65_years_and_over "5% (female 51,809; male 38,162) (July 1995 est.)" );; line 64077 (wfb::source-text population_growth_rate lesotho "2.44% (1995 est.)" );; line 64081 (wfb::source-text birth_rate lesotho "33.39 births/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 64085 (wfb::source-text death_rate lesotho "8.96 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 64089 (wfb::source-text net_migration_rate lesotho "0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 64093 (wfb::source-text infant_mortality_rate lesotho "67.4 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.)" );; line 64097 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth lesotho total_population "62.56 years" );; line 64102 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth lesotho male "60.74 years" );; line 64104 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth lesotho female "64.43 years (1995 est.)" );; line 64106 (wfb::source-text total_fertility_rate lesotho "4.41 children born/woman (1995 est.)" );; line 64110 (wfb::source-text nationality lesotho noun "Mosotho (singular), Basotho (plural)" );; line 64115 (wfb::source-text nationality lesotho adjective "Basotho" );; line 64117 (wfb::source-text ethnic-entity lesotho "Sotho 99.7%, Europeans 1,600, Asians 800" );; line 64121 (wfb::source-text religion lesotho "Christian 80%, rest indigenous beliefs" );; line 64125 (wfb::source-text language lesotho "Sesotho (southern Sotho), English (official), Zulu, Xhosa" );; line 64129 (wfb::source-text literacy lesotho "age 15 and over can read and write (1966)" );; line 64133 (wfb::source-text literacy lesotho total_population "59%" );; line 64135 (wfb::source-text literacy lesotho male "44%" );; line 64137 (wfb::source-text literacy lesotho female "68%" );; line 64139 (wfb::source-text total_labor_force lesotho "689,000 economically active" );; line 64143 (wfb::source-text labor_force_by_occupation lesotho by_occupation "86.2% of resident population engaged in subsistence agriculture; roughly 60% of the active male wage earners work in South Africa" );; line 64145 (wfb::source-text names lesotho conventional_long_form "Kingdom of Lesotho" );; line 64152 (wfb::source-text names lesotho conventional_short_form "Lesotho" );; line 64154 (wfb::source-text names lesotho former "Basutoland" );; line 64156 (wfb::source-text digraph lesotho "LT" );; line 64160 (wfb::source-text type lesotho "constitutional monarchy" );; line 64164 (wfb::source-text capital lesotho "Maseru" );; line 64168 (wfb::source-text administrative_divisions lesotho "10 districts; Berea, Butha-Buthe, Leribe, Mafeteng, Maseru, Mohale's Hoek, Mokhotlong, Qacha's Nek, Quthing, Thaba-Tseka" );; line 64172 (wfb::source-text independence lesotho "4 October 1966 (from UK)" );; line 64177 (wfb::source-text national_holiday lesotho "Independence Day, 4 October (1966)" );; line 64181 (wfb::source-text constitution lesotho "2 April 1993" );; line 64185 (wfb::source-text legal_system lesotho "based on English common law and Roman-Dutch law; judicial review of legislative acts in High Court and Court of Appeal; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction" );; line 64189 (wfb::source-text suffrage lesotho "21 years of age; universal" );; line 64195 (wfb::source-text executive_branch lesotho chief_of_state "King MOSHOESHOE II (since February 1995)" );; line 64200 (wfb::source-text executive_branch lesotho head_of_government "Prime Minister Ntsu MOKHEHLE (since 2 April 1993)" );; line 64202 (wfb::source-text executive_branch lesotho cabinet "Cabinet" );; line 64204 (wfb::source-text legislative_structure lesotho "bicameral Parliament consisting of the Assembly or lower house whose members are chosen by popular election and the Senate or upper house whose members consist of the 22 principal chiefs and 11 other members appointed by the ruling party; election last held in March 1993 (first since 1971); all 65 seats in the Assembly were won by the BCP" );; line 64208 (wfb::source-text judicial_branch lesotho "High Court, Court of Appeal, Magistrate's Court, customary or traditional court" );; line 64216 (wfb::source-text political_parties_and_leaders lesotho "Basotho National Party (BNP), Evaristus SEKHONYANA; Basotho Congress Party (BCP), Ntsu MOKHEHLE; National Independent Party (NIP), A. C. MANYELI; Marematlou Freedom Party (MFP), Vincent MALEBO; United Democratic Party, Charles MOFELI; Communist Party of Lesotho (CPL), Jacob M. KENA" );; line 64221 (wfb::source-text member_of lesotho "ACP, AfDB, C, CCC, ECA, FAO, G-77, GATT, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, INTELSAT (nonsignatory user), INTERPOL, IOC, ITU, NAM, OAU, SACU, SADC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO" );; line 64228 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us lesotho chief_of_mission "(vacant); Charge d'Affaires ad interim Mokhali A. LITHEBE (since 2 July 1994)" );; line 64236 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us lesotho chancery "2511 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008" );; line 64239 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us lesotho telephone "[1] (202) 797-5533 through 5536" );; line 64241 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us lesotho fax "[1] (202) 234-6815" );; line 64243 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation lesotho chief_of_mission "Ambassador Myrick BISMARCK" );; line 64248 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation lesotho embassy "address NA, Maseru" );; line 64250 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation lesotho mailing_address "P. O. Box 333, Maseru 100, Lesotho" );; line 64252 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation lesotho telephone "[266] 312666" );; line 64254 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation lesotho fax "[266] 310116" );; line 64256 (wfb::source-text flag lesotho "divided diagonally from the lower hoist side corner; the upper half is white bearing the brown silhouette of a large shield with crossed spear and club; the lower half is a diagonal blue band with a green triangle in the corner" );; line 64260 (wfb::source-text overview lesotho "Small, landlocked, and mountainous, Lesotho has no important natural resources other than water. Its economy is based on agriculture, light manufacturing, and remittances from laborers employed in South Africa (these remittances supplement domestic income by as much as 45%). The great majority of households gain their livelihoods from subsistence farming and migrant labor; a large portion of the adult male work force is employed in South African mines. Manufacturing depends largely on farm products to support the milling, canning, leather, and jute industries; other industries include textile, clothing, and construction. Although drought has decreased agricultural activity over the past few years, improvement of a major hydropower facility will permit the sale of water to South Africa and allow Lesotho's economy to continue its moderate growth." );; line 64268 (wfb::source-text national_product lesotho "GDP - purchasing power parity - $2.6 billion (1994 est.)" );; line 64283 (wfb::source-text national_product_real_growth_rate lesotho "6% (1994 est.)" );; line 64287 (wfb::source-text national_product_per_capita lesotho "$1,340 (1994 est.)" );; line 64291 (wfb::source-text |Inflation rate (consumer prices)| lesotho "13.9% (1993)" );; line 64295 (wfb::source-text unemployment_rate lesotho "substantial unemployment and underemployment" );; line 64299 (wfb::source-text budget lesotho revenues "$438 million" );; line 64304 (wfb::source-text budget lesotho expenditures "$430 million, including capital expenditures of $155 million (FY93/94 est.)" );; line 64306 (wfb::source-text exports lesotho "$109 million (f.o.b., 1992)" );; line 64311 (wfb::source-text exports lesotho commodities "wool, mohair, wheat, cattle, peas, beans, corn, hides, skins, baskets" );; line 64313 (wfb::source-text exports lesotho partners "South Africa 42%, EC 28%, North and South America 25% (1991)" );; line 64316 (wfb::source-text imports lesotho "$964 million (c.i.f., 1992)" );; line 64320 (wfb::source-text imports lesotho commodities "mainly corn, building materials, clothing, vehicles, machinery, medicines, petroleum" );; line 64322 (wfb::source-text imports lesotho partners "South Africa 94%, Asia 3%, EC 1% (1991)" );; line 64325 (wfb::source-text external_debt lesotho "$512 million (1993)" );; line 64329 (wfb::source-text industrial_production lesotho "growth rate 10%; accounts for 17% of GDP (1993 est.)" );; line 64333 (wfb::source-text electricity lesotho "power supplied by South Africa" );; line 64337 (wfb::source-text industry lesotho "food, beverages, textiles, handicrafts, tourism" );; line 64341 (wfb::source-text agriculture lesotho "accounts for 50% of GDP (1993 est.); exceedingly primitive, mostly subsistence farming and livestock; principal crops corn, wheat, pulses, sorghum, barley" );; line 64345 (wfb::source-text economic_aid lesotho recipient "US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-89), $268 million; US (1992), $10.3 million; US (1993 est.), $10.1 million; Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-89), $819 million; OPEC bilateral aid (1979-89), $4 million; Communist countries (1970-89), $14 million" );; line 64352 (wfb::source-text currency lesotho "1 loti (L) = 100 lisente" );; line 64359 (wfb::source-text exchange_rates lesotho "maloti (M) per US$1 - 3.5389 (January 1995), 3.5490 (1994), 3.2636 (1993), 2.8497 (1992), 2.7563 (1991), 2.5863 (1990); note - the Basotho loti is at par with the South African rand" );; line 64363 (wfb::source-text fiscal_year lesotho "1 April - 31 March" );; line 64369 (wfb::source-text railroads lesotho total "2.6 km; note - owned by, operated by, and included in the statistics of South Africa" );; line 64375 (wfb::source-text railroads lesotho narrow_gauge "2.6 km 1.067-m gauge" );; line 64378 (wfb::source-text highways lesotho total "7,215 km" );; line 64383 (wfb::source-text highways lesotho paved "572 km" );; line 64385 (wfb::source-text highways lesotho unpaved "gravel, stabilized earth 2,337 km; improved earth 1,806 km; unimproved earth 2,500 km (1988)" );; line 64387 (wfb::source-text port lesotho "none" );; line 64392 (wfb::source-text airports lesotho total "29" );; line 64397 (wfb::source-text airports lesotho |with paved runways over 3,047 m| "1" );; line 64399 (wfb::source-text airports lesotho |with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m| "1" );; line 64401 (wfb::source-text airports lesotho with_paved_runways_under_914_m "23" );; line 64403 (wfb::source-text airports lesotho |with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m| "4" );; line 64405 (wfb::source-text telephone_system lesotho "5,920 telephones; rudimentary system" );; line 64410 (wfb::source-text telephone_system lesotho local "NA" );; line 64412 (wfb::source-text telephone_system lesotho intercity "consists of a few land lines, a small microwave radio relay system, and a minor radio communication system" );; line 64414 (wfb::source-text telephone_system lesotho international "1 INTELSAT (Atlantic Ocean) earth station" );; line 64417 (wfb::source-text radio lesotho broadcast_stations "AM 3, FM 4, shortwave 0" );; line 64422 (wfb::source-text radio lesotho radios "NA" );; line 64424 (wfb::source-text television lesotho broadcast_stations "1" );; line 64429 (wfb::source-text television lesotho televisions "NA" );; line 64431 (wfb::source-text defense_branch lesotho "Lesotho Defense Force (LDF; includes Army and Air Wing), Lesotho Mounted Police" );; line 64437 (wfb::source-text manpower_availability lesotho "males age 15-49 453,844; males fit for military service 244,767 (1995 est.)" );; line 64442 (wfb::source-text defense_expenditures lesotho "exchange rate conversion - $25 million, NA% of GDP (1994)" );; line 64447 (wfb::source-text location liberia "Western Africa, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean, between Cote d'Ivoire and Sierra Leone" );; line 64457 (wfb::source-text map_references liberia "Africa" );; line 64462 (wfb::source-text area liberia total_area "111,370 sq km" );; line 64467 (wfb::source-text area liberia land_area "96,320 sq km" );; line 64469 (wfb::source-text area liberia comparative_area "slightly larger than Tennessee" );; line 64471 (wfb::source-text borders liberia "total 1,585 km, Guinea 563 km, Cote d'Ivoire 716 km, Sierra Leone 306 km" );; line 64475 (wfb::source-text coastline liberia "579 km" );; line 64480 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims liberia territorial_sea "200 nm" );; line 64485 (wfb::source-text international_disputes liberia "none" );; line 64489 (wfb::source-text climate liberia "tropical; hot, humid; dry winters with hot days and cool to cold nights; wet, cloudy summers with frequent heavy showers" );; line 64493 (wfb::source-text terrain liberia "mostly flat to rolling coastal plains rising to rolling plateau and low mountains in northeast" );; line 64498 (wfb::source-text natural-resource liberia "iron ore, timber, diamonds, gold" );; line 64503 (wfb::source-text land_use liberia arable_land "1%" );; line 64508 (wfb::source-text land_use liberia permanent_crops "3%" );; line 64510 (wfb::source-text land_use liberia meadows_and_pastures "2%" );; line 64512 (wfb::source-text land_use liberia forest_and_woodland "39%" );; line 64514 (wfb::source-text land_use liberia other "55%" );; line 64516 (wfb::source-text irrigated_land liberia "20 sq km (1989 est.)" );; line 64520 (wfb::source-text environment liberia current_issues "tropical rain forest subject to deforestation; soil erosion; loss of biodiversity; pollution of rivers from the dumping of iron ore tailings and of coastal waters from oil residue and raw sewage" );; line 64525 (wfb::source-text environment liberia natural_hazards "dust-laden harmattan winds blow from the Sahara (December to March)" );; line 64529 (wfb::source-text environment liberia international_agreements "party to - Endangered Species, Nuclear Test Ban, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94; signed, but not ratified - Biodiversity, Climate Change, Environmental Modification, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation" );; line 64532 (wfb::source-text population liberia "3,073,245 (July 1995 est.)" );; line 64541 (wfb::source-text age_structure liberia 0-14_years "44% (female 674,155; male 680,952)" );; line 64546 (wfb::source-text age_structure liberia 15-64_years "52% (female 768,147; male 844,326)" );; line 64548 (wfb::source-text age_structure liberia 65_years_and_over "4% (female 55,575; male 50,090) (July 1995 est.)" );; line 64550 (wfb::source-text population_growth_rate liberia "3.32% (1995 est.)" );; line 64554 (wfb::source-text birth_rate liberia "43.08 births/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 64558 (wfb::source-text death_rate liberia "12.05 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 64562 (wfb::source-text net_migration_rate liberia "NA migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 64566 (wfb::source-text infant_mortality_rate liberia "110.6 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.)" );; line 64573 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth liberia total_population "58.17 years" );; line 64578 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth liberia male "55.67 years" );; line 64580 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth liberia female "60.75 years (1995 est.)" );; line 64582 (wfb::source-text total_fertility_rate liberia "6.3 children born/woman (1995 est.)" );; line 64586 (wfb::source-text nationality liberia noun "Liberian(s)" );; line 64591 (wfb::source-text nationality liberia adjective "Liberian" );; line 64593 (wfb::source-text ethnic-entity liberia "indigenous African tribes 95% (including Kpelle, Bassa, Gio, Kru, Grebo, Mano, Krahn, Gola, Gbandi, Loma, Kissi, Vai, and Bella), Americo-Liberians 5% (descendants of former slaves)" );; line 64597 (wfb::source-text religion liberia "traditional 70%, Muslim 20%, Christian 10%" );; line 64603 (wfb::source-text language liberia "English 20% (official), Niger-Congo language group about 20 local languages come from this group" );; line 64607 (wfb::source-text literacy liberia "age 15 and over can read and write (1990 est.)" );; line 64612 (wfb::source-text literacy liberia total_population "40%" );; line 64614 (wfb::source-text literacy liberia male "50%" );; line 64616 (wfb::source-text literacy liberia female "29%" );; line 64618 (wfb::source-text total_labor_force liberia "510,000 including 220,000 in the monetary economy" );; line 64622 (wfb::source-text labor_force_by_occupation liberia by_occupation "agriculture 70.5%, services 10.8%, industry and commerce 4.5%, other 14.2%" );; line 64624 (wfb::source-text names liberia conventional_long_form "Republic of Liberia" );; line 64634 (wfb::source-text names liberia conventional_short_form "Liberia" );; line 64636 (wfb::source-text digraph liberia "LI" );; line 64640 (wfb::source-text type liberia "republic" );; line 64644 (wfb::source-text capital liberia "Monrovia" );; line 64648 (wfb::source-text administrative_divisions liberia "13 counties; Bomi, Bong, Grand Bassa, Grand Cape Mount, Grand Gedeh, Grand Kru, Lofa, Margibi, Maryland, Montserrado, Nimba, River Cess, Sinoe" );; line 64652 (wfb::source-text independence liberia "26 July 1847" );; line 64658 (wfb::source-text national_holiday liberia "Independence Day, 26 July (1847)" );; line 64662 (wfb::source-text constitution liberia "6 January 1986" );; line 64666 (wfb::source-text legal_system liberia "dual system of statutory law based on Anglo-American common law for the modern sector and customary law based on unwritten tribal practices for indigenous sector" );; line 64670 (wfb::source-text suffrage liberia "18 years of age; universal" );; line 64676 (wfb::source-text executive_branch liberia chief_of_state_and_head_of_government "Chairman of the Council of State David KPOMAKPOR (since March 1994); election last held on 15 October 1985; results - Gen. Dr. Samuel Kanyon DOE (NDPL) 50.9%, Jackson DOE (LAP) 26.4%, other 22.7%" );; line 64681 (wfb::source-text executive_branch liberia cabinet "Cabinet; selected by the leaders of the major factions in the civil war" );; line 64694 (wfb::source-text legislative_structure liberia "unicameral Transitional Legislative Assembly, the members of which are appointed by the leaders of the major factions in the civil war" );; line 64699 (wfb::source-text judicial_branch liberia "Supreme Court" );; line 64707 (wfb::source-text political_parties_and_leaders liberia "National Democratic Party of Liberia (NDPL), Augustus CAINE, chairman; Liberian Action Party (LAP), Emmanuel KOROMAH, chairman; Unity Party (UP), Joseph KOFA, chairman; United People's Party (UPP), Gabriel Baccus MATTHEWS, chairman; National Patriotic Party (NPP), Charles TAYLOR, chairman; Liberian Peoples Party (LPP), Dusty WOLOKOLLIE, chairman" );; line 64711 (wfb::source-text member_of liberia "ACP, AfDB, CCC, ECA, ECOWAS, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, INMARSAT, INTELSAT (nonsignatory user), INTERPOL, IOC, ITU, NAM, OAU, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO" );; line 64719 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us liberia chief_of_mission "(vacant); Charge d'Affaires Konah K. BLACKETT" );; line 64727 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us liberia chancery "5201 16th Street NW, Washington, DC 20011" );; line 64729 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us liberia telephone "[1] (202) 723-0437" );; line 64731 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us liberia |consulate(s) general| "New York" );; line 64733 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation liberia chief_of_mission "(vacant); Charge d' Affaires William P. TWADDELL" );; line 64738 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation liberia embassy "111 United Nations Drive, Monrovia" );; line 64740 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation liberia mailing_address "P. O. Box 100098, Mamba Point, Monrovia" );; line 64742 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation liberia telephone "[231] 222991 through 222994" );; line 64744 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation liberia fax "[231] 223710" );; line 64746 (wfb::source-text flag liberia "11 equal horizontal stripes of red (top and bottom) alternating with white; there is a white five-pointed star on a blue square in the upper hoist-side corner; the design was based on the US flag" );; line 64750 (wfb::source-text overview liberia "Civil war since 1990 has destroyed much of Liberia's economy, especially the infrastructure in and around Monrovia. Businessmen have fled the country, taking capital and expertise with them. Many will not return. Richly endowed with water, mineral resources, forests, and a climate favorable to agriculture, Liberia had been a producer and exporter of basic products, while local manufacturing, mainly foreign owned, had been small in scope. Political instability threatens prospects for economic reconstruction and repatriation of some 750,000 Liberian refugees who have fled to neighboring countries. The political impasse between the interim government and rebel leader Charles TAYLOR has prevented restoration of normal economic life, including the re-establishment of a strong central government with effective economic development programs. The economy deteriorated further in 1994." );; line 64757 (wfb::source-text national_product liberia "GDP - purchasing power parity - $2.3 billion (1994 est.)" );; line 64772 (wfb::source-text national_product_real_growth_rate liberia "NA%" );; line 64776 (wfb::source-text national_product_per_capita liberia "$770 (1994 est.)" );; line 64780 (wfb::source-text |Inflation rate (consumer prices)| liberia "NA%" );; line 64784 (wfb::source-text unemployment_rate liberia "NA%" );; line 64788 (wfb::source-text budget liberia revenues "$242.1 million" );; line 64793 (wfb::source-text budget liberia expenditures "$435.4 million, including capital expenditures of $29.5 million (1989 est.)" );; line 64795 (wfb::source-text exports liberia "$505 million (f.o.b., 1989 est.)" );; line 64800 (wfb::source-text exports liberia commodities "iron ore 61%, rubber 20%, timber 11%, coffee" );; line 64802 (wfb::source-text exports liberia partners "US, EC, Netherlands" );; line 64804 (wfb::source-text imports liberia "$394 million (c.i.f., 1989 est.)" );; line 64808 (wfb::source-text imports liberia commodities "mineral fuels, chemicals, machinery, transportation equipment, rice and other foodstuffs" );; line 64810 (wfb::source-text imports liberia partners "US, EC, Japan, China, Netherlands, ECOWAS" );; line 64813 (wfb::source-text external_debt liberia "$2.1 billion (September 1993 est.)" );; line 64817 (wfb::source-text industrial_production liberia "growth rate NA% (1993-94); much industrial damage caused by factional warfare" );; line 64821 (wfb::source-text electricity liberia capacity "330,000 kW" );; line 64827 (wfb::source-text electricity liberia production "440 million kWh" );; line 64829 (wfb::source-text electricity liberia consumption_per_capita "143 kWh (1993)" );; line 64831 (wfb::source-text industry liberia "rubber processing, food processing, construction materials, furniture, palm oil processing, mining (iron ore, diamonds)" );; line 64835 (wfb::source-text agriculture liberia "accounts for about 40% of GDP (including fishing and forestry); principal products - rubber, timber, coffee, cocoa, rice, cassava, palm oil, sugarcane, bananas, sheep, goats; not self-sufficient in food, imports 25% of rice consumption" );; line 64840 (wfb::source-text illicit_drugs liberia "increasingly a transshipment point for heroin and cocaine" );; line 64847 (wfb::source-text economic_aid liberia recipient "US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-89), $665 million; Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-89), $870 million; OPEC bilateral aid (1979-89), $25 million; Communist countries (1970-89), $77 million" );; line 64852 (wfb::source-text currency liberia "1 Liberian dollar (L$) = 100 cents" );; line 64859 (wfb::source-text exchange_rates liberia "Liberian dollars (L$) per US$1 - 1.00 (officially fixed rate since 1940); unofficial parallel exchange rate of US$1 - L$7 (January 1992), unofficial rate floats against the US dollar" );; line 64863 (wfb::source-text fiscal_year liberia "calendar year" );; line 64869 (wfb::source-text railroads liberia total "490 km (single track); note - three rail systems owned and operated by foreign steel and financial interests in conjunction with Liberian Government; one of these, the Lamco Railroad, closed in 1989 after iron ore production ceased; the other two have been shut down by the civil war" );; line 64875 (wfb::source-text railroads liberia standard_gauge "345 km 1.435-m gauge" );; line 64880 (wfb::source-text railroads liberia narrow_gauge "145 km 1.067-m gauge" );; line 64882 (wfb::source-text highways liberia total "10,087 km" );; line 64887 (wfb::source-text highways liberia paved "603 km" );; line 64889 (wfb::source-text highways liberia unpaved "gravel 5,171 km (includes 2,323 km of private roads of rubber and timber firms, open to the public); earth 4,313 km" );; line 64891 (wfb::source-text port liberia "Buchanan, Greenville, Harper, Monrovia" );; line 64896 (wfb::source-text merchant_marine liberia total "1,549 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 56,709,634 GRT/97,038,680 DWT" );; line 64901 (wfb::source-text merchant_marine liberia ships_by_type "barge carrier 3, bulk 392, cargo 121, chemical tanker 114, combination bulk 33, combination ore/oil 57, container 124, liquefied gas tanker 75, oil tanker 459, passenger 32, passenger-cargo 1, refrigerated cargo 58, roll-on/roll-off cargo 18, short-sea passenger 1, specialized tanker 7, vehicle carrier 54" );; line 64904 (wfb::source-text airports liberia total "59" );; line 64918 (wfb::source-text airports liberia |with paved runways over 3,047 m| "1" );; line 64920 (wfb::source-text airports liberia |with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m| "1" );; line 64922 (wfb::source-text airports liberia with_paved_runways_under_914_m "43" );; line 64924 (wfb::source-text airports liberia |with unpaved runways 1,524 to 2,438 m| "3" );; line 64926 (wfb::source-text airports liberia |with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m| "11" );; line 64928 (wfb::source-text telephone_system liberia "NA telephones; telephone and telegraph service via radio relay network; main center is Monrovia; most telecommunications services inoperable due to insurgency movement" );; line 64933 (wfb::source-text telephone_system liberia local "NA" );; line 64937 (wfb::source-text telephone_system liberia intercity "NA" );; line 64939 (wfb::source-text telephone_system liberia international "1 INTELSAT (Atlantic Ocean) earth station" );; line 64941 (wfb::source-text radio liberia broadcast_stations "AM 3, FM 4, shortwave 0" );; line 64946 (wfb::source-text radio liberia radios "NA" );; line 64948 (wfb::source-text television liberia broadcast_stations "5" );; line 64953 (wfb::source-text television liberia televisions "NA" );; line 64955 (wfb::source-text defense_branch liberia "NA; the ultimate structure of the Liberian military force will depend on who is the victor in the ongoing civil war" );; line 64961 (wfb::source-text manpower_availability liberia "males age 15-49 732,063; males fit for military service 390,849 (1995 est.)" );; line 64966 (wfb::source-text defense_expenditures liberia "exchange rate conversion - $30 million, 2% of GDP (1994)" );; line 64971 (wfb::source-text location libya "Northern Africa, bordering the Mediterranean Sea, between Egypt and Tunisia" );; line 64981 (wfb::source-text map_references libya "Africa" );; line 64986 (wfb::source-text area libya total_area "1,759,540 sq km" );; line 64991 (wfb::source-text area libya land_area "1,759,540 sq km" );; line 64993 (wfb::source-text area libya comparative_area "slightly larger than Alaska" );; line 64995 (wfb::source-text borders libya "total 4,383 km, Algeria 982 km, Chad 1,055 km, Egypt 1,150 km, Niger 354 km, Sudan 383 km, Tunisia 459 km" );; line 64999 (wfb::source-text coastline libya "1,770 km" );; line 65004 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims libya territorial_sea "12 nm" );; line 65009 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims libya gulf_of_sidra_closing_line "32 degrees 30 minutes north" );; line 65011 (wfb::source-text international_disputes libya "the International Court of Justice (ICJ) ruled in February 1994 that the 100,000 sq km Aozou Strip between Chad and Libya belongs to Chad, and that Libya must withdraw from it by 31 May 1994; Libya has withdrawn some its forces in response to the ICJ ruling, but still maintains an airfield in the disputed area; maritime boundary dispute with Tunisia; claims part of northern Niger and part of southeastern Algeria" );; line 65015 (wfb::source-text climate libya "Mediterranean along coast; dry, extreme desert interior" );; line 65024 (wfb::source-text terrain libya "mostly barren, flat to undulating plains, plateaus, depressions" );; line 65028 (wfb::source-text natural-resource libya "petroleum, natural gas, gypsum" );; line 65032 (wfb::source-text land_use libya arable_land "2%" );; line 65037 (wfb::source-text land_use libya permanent_crops "0%" );; line 65039 (wfb::source-text land_use libya meadows_and_pastures "8%" );; line 65041 (wfb::source-text land_use libya forest_and_woodland "0%" );; line 65043 (wfb::source-text land_use libya other "90%" );; line 65045 (wfb::source-text irrigated_land libya "2,420 sq km (1989 est.)" );; line 65049 (wfb::source-text environment libya current_issues "desertification; very limited natural fresh water resources; the Great Manmade River Project, the largest water development scheme in the world, is being built to bring water from large aquifers under the Sahara to coastal cities" );; line 65054 (wfb::source-text environment libya natural_hazards "hot, dry, dust-laden ghibli is a southern wind lasting one to four days in spring and fall; duststorms, sandstorms" );; line 65059 (wfb::source-text environment libya international_agreements "party to - Marine Dumping, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection; signed, but not ratified - Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Law of the Sea" );; line 65062 (wfb::source-text population libya "5,248,401 (July 1995 est.)" );; line 65070 (wfb::source-text age_structure libya 0-14_years "48% (female 1,226,851; male 1,269,813)" );; line 65075 (wfb::source-text age_structure libya 15-64_years "49% (female 1,261,424; male 1,331,093)" );; line 65077 (wfb::source-text age_structure libya 65_years_and_over "3% (female 76,017; male 83,203) (July 1995 est.)" );; line 65079 (wfb::source-text population_growth_rate libya "3.7% (1995 est.)" );; line 65083 (wfb::source-text birth_rate libya "44.89 births/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 65087 (wfb::source-text death_rate libya "7.91 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 65091 (wfb::source-text net_migration_rate libya "0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 65095 (wfb::source-text infant_mortality_rate libya "61.4 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.)" );; line 65099 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth libya total_population "64.29 years" );; line 65104 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth libya male "62.12 years" );; line 65106 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth libya female "66.57 years (1995 est.)" );; line 65108 (wfb::source-text total_fertility_rate libya "6.32 children born/woman (1995 est.)" );; line 65112 (wfb::source-text nationality libya noun "Libyan(s)" );; line 65117 (wfb::source-text nationality libya adjective "Libyan" );; line 65119 (wfb::source-text ethnic-entity libya "Berber and Arab 97%, Greeks, Maltese, Italians, Egyptians, Pakistanis, Turks, Indians, Tunisians" );; line 65123 (wfb::source-text religion libya "Sunni Muslim 97%" );; line 65128 (wfb::source-text language libya "Arabic, Italian, English, all are widely understood in the major cities" );; line 65132 (wfb::source-text literacy libya "age 15 and over can read and write (1984)" );; line 65137 (wfb::source-text literacy libya total_population "60%" );; line 65139 (wfb::source-text literacy libya male "77%" );; line 65141 (wfb::source-text literacy libya female "42%" );; line 65143 (wfb::source-text total_labor_force libya "1 million (includes about 280,000 resident foreigners)" );; line 65147 (wfb::source-text labor_force_by_occupation libya by_occupation "industry 31%, services 27%, government 24%, agriculture 18%" );; line 65149 (wfb::source-text names libya conventional_long_form "Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriya" );; line 65155 (wfb::source-text names libya conventional_short_form "Libya" );; line 65157 (wfb::source-text names libya local_long_form "Al Jumahiriyah al Arabiyah al Libiyah ash Shabiyah al Ishirakiyah" );; line 65159 (wfb::source-text names libya local_short_form "none" );; line 65162 (wfb::source-text digraph libya "LY" );; line 65166 (wfb::source-text type libya "Jamahiriya (a state of the masses) in theory, governed by the populace through local councils; in fact, a military dictatorship" );; line 65170 (wfb::source-text capital libya "Tripoli" );; line 65175 (wfb::source-text administrative_divisions libya "25 municipalities (baladiyah, singular - baladiyat); Ajdabiya, Al 'Aziziyah, Al Fatih, Al Jabal al Akhdar, Al Jufrah, Al Khums, Al Kufrah, An Nuqat al Khams, Ash Shati', Awbari, Az Zawiyah, Banghazi, Darnah, Ghadamis, Gharyan, Misratah, Murzuq, Sabha, Sawfajjin, Surt, Tarabulus, Tarhunah, Tubruq, Yafran, Zlitan" );; line 65179 (wfb::source-text independence libya "24 December 1951 (from Italy)" );; line 65187 (wfb::source-text national_holiday libya "Revolution Day, 1 September (1969)" );; line 65191 (wfb::source-text constitution libya "11 December 1969, amended 2 March 1977" );; line 65195 (wfb::source-text legal_system libya "based on Italian civil law system and Islamic law; separate religious courts; no constitutional provision for judicial review of legislative acts; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction" );; line 65199 (wfb::source-text suffrage libya "18 years of age; universal and compulsory" );; line 65205 (wfb::source-text executive_branch libya chief_of_state "Revolutionary Leader Col. Mu'ammar Abu Minyar al-QADHAFI (since 1 September 1969)" );; line 65210 (wfb::source-text executive_branch libya head_of_government "Chairman of the General People's Committee (Premier) Abd al Majid al-Qa'ud (since 29 January 1994)" );; line 65213 (wfb::source-text executive_branch libya cabinet "General People's Committee; established by the General People's Congress" );; line 65216 (wfb::source-text legislative_structure libya "unicameral" );; line 65224 (wfb::source-text legislative_branch libya |General People's Congress| "national elections are indirect through a hierarchy of peoples' committees" );; line 65226 (wfb::source-text judicial_branch libya "Supreme Court" );; line 65231 (wfb::source-text political_parties_and_leaders libya "none" );; line 65235 (wfb::source-text other_political_or_pressure_groups libya "various Arab nationalist movements with almost negligible memberships may be functioning clandestinely, as well as some Islamic elements" );; line 65239 (wfb::source-text member_of libya "ABEDA, AfDB, AFESD, AL, AMF, AMU, CAEU, CCC, ECA, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, ISO, ITU, NAM, OAPEC, OAU, OIC, OPEC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNITAR, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO" );; line 65244 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us libya "none" );; line 65251 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation libya "none" );; line 65255 (wfb::source-text flag libya "plain green; green is the traditional color of Islam (the state religion)" );; line 65259 (wfb::source-text overview libya "The socialist-oriented economy depends primarily upon revenues from the oil sector, which contributes practically all export earnings and about one-third of GDP. In 1990 per capita GDP was the highest in Africa at $5,410, but GDP growth rates have slowed and fluctuated sharply in response to changes in the world oil market. Import restrictions and inefficient resource allocations have led to periodic shortages of basic goods and foodstuffs. Windfall revenues from the hike in world oil prices in late 1990 improved the foreign payments position and resulted in a current account surplus through 1992. The nonoil manufacturing and construction sectors, which account for about 20% of GDP, have expanded from processing mostly agricultural products to include petrochemicals, iron, steel, and aluminum. Although agriculture accounts for only 5% of GDP, it employs 18% of the labor force. Climatic conditions and poor soils severely limit farm output, and Libya imports about 75% of its food requirements. The UN sanctions imposed in April 1992 have not yet had a major impact on the economy because Libya's oil revenues generate sufficient foreign exchange which sustains imports of food, consumer goods, and equipment for the oil industry and ongoing development projects." );; line 65265 (wfb::source-text national_product libya "GDP - purchasing power parity - $32.9 billion (1994 est.)" );; line 65285 (wfb::source-text national_product_real_growth_rate libya "-0.9% (1994 est.)" );; line 65289 (wfb::source-text national_product_per_capita libya "$6,510 (1994 est.)" );; line 65293 (wfb::source-text |Inflation rate (consumer prices)| libya "25% (1993 est.)" );; line 65297 (wfb::source-text unemployment_rate libya "NA%" );; line 65301 (wfb::source-text budget libya revenues "$8.1 billion" );; line 65306 (wfb::source-text budget libya expenditures "$9.8 billion, including capital expenditures of $3.1 billion (1989 est.)" );; line 65308 (wfb::source-text exports libya "$7.2 billion (f.o.b., 1994 est.)" );; line 65313 (wfb::source-text exports libya commodities "crude oil, refined petroleum products, natural gas" );; line 65315 (wfb::source-text exports libya partners "Italy, Germany, Spain, France, UK, Turkey, Greece, Egypt" );; line 65317 (wfb::source-text imports libya "$6.9 billion (f.o.b., 1994 est.)" );; line 65321 (wfb::source-text imports libya commodities "machinery, transport equipment, food, manufactured goods" );; line 65323 (wfb::source-text imports libya partners "Italy, Germany, UK, France, Spain, Turkey, Tunisia, Eastern Europe" );; line 65325 (wfb::source-text external_debt libya "$3.5 billion excluding military debt (1991 est.)" );; line 65330 (wfb::source-text industrial_production libya "growth rate 10.5% (1990)" );; line 65334 (wfb::source-text electricity libya capacity "4,600,000 kW" );; line 65339 (wfb::source-text electricity libya production "16.1 billion kWh" );; line 65341 (wfb::source-text electricity libya consumption_per_capita "3,078 kWh (1993)" );; line 65343 (wfb::source-text industry libya "petroleum, food processing, textiles, handicrafts, cement" );; line 65347 (wfb::source-text agriculture libya "5% of GDP; cash crops - wheat, barley, olives, dates, citrus fruits, peanuts; 75% of food is imported" );; line 65351 (wfb::source-text economic_aid libya recipient "Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-87), $242 million" );; line 65357 (wfb::source-text currency libya "1 Libyan dinar (LD) = 1,000 dirhams" );; line 65364 (wfb::source-text exchange_rates libya "Libyan dinars (LD) per US$1 - 0.3555 (January 1995), 0.3596 (1994), 0.3250 (1993), 0.3013 (1992), 0.2684 (1991), 0.2699 (1990)" );; line 65368 (wfb::source-text fiscal_year libya "calendar year" );; line 65373 (wfb::source-text highways libya total "19,300 km" );; line 65390 (wfb::source-text highways libya paved "bituminous 10,800 km" );; line 65392 (wfb::source-text highways libya unpaved "gravel, earth 8,500 km" );; line 65394 (wfb::source-text inland_waterways libya "none" );; line 65398 (wfb::source-text pipelines libya "crude oil 4,383 km; petroleum products 443 km (includes liquified petroleum gas 256 km); natural gas 1,947 km" );; line 65402 (wfb::source-text port libya "Al Khums, Banghazi, Darnah, Marsa al Burayqah, Misratah, Ra's Lanuf, Tobruk, Tripoli, Zuwarah" );; line 65407 (wfb::source-text merchant_marine libya total "30 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 686,136 GRT/1,208,194 DWT" );; line 65413 (wfb::source-text merchant_marine libya ships_by_type "cargo 10, chemical tanker 1, liquefied gas tanker 2, oil tanker 10, roll-on/roll-off cargo 3, short-sea passenger 4" );; line 65415 (wfb::source-text airports libya total "146" );; line 65421 (wfb::source-text airports libya |with paved runways over 3,047 m| "24" );; line 65423 (wfb::source-text airports libya |with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m| "5" );; line 65425 (wfb::source-text airports libya |with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m| "22" );; line 65427 (wfb::source-text airports libya |with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m| "6" );; line 65429 (wfb::source-text airports libya with_paved_runways_under_914_m "21" );; line 65431 (wfb::source-text airports libya |with unpaved runways over 3,047 m| "4" );; line 65433 (wfb::source-text airports libya |with unpaved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m| "3" );; line 65435 (wfb::source-text airports libya |with unpaved runways 1,524 to 2,438 m| "17" );; line 65437 (wfb::source-text airports libya |with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m| "44" );; line 65439 (wfb::source-text telephone_system libya "370,000 telephones; modern telecommunications system" );; line 65444 (wfb::source-text telephone_system libya local "NA" );; line 65446 (wfb::source-text telephone_system libya intercity "microwave radio relay, coaxial cable, tropospheric scatter, and 14 domestic satellites" );; line 65448 (wfb::source-text telephone_system libya international "2 INTELSAT (1 Atlantic Ocean and 1 Indian Ocean) satellite earth stations; submarine cables to France and Italy; microwave radio relay to Tunisia and Egypt; tropospheric scatter to Greece; planned ARABSAT and Intersputnik satellite earth stations" );; line 65451 (wfb::source-text radio libya broadcast_stations "AM 17, FM 3, shortwave 0" );; line 65459 (wfb::source-text radio libya radios "NA" );; line 65461 (wfb::source-text television libya broadcast_stations "12" );; line 65466 (wfb::source-text television libya televisions "NA" );; line 65468 (wfb::source-text defense_branch libya "Armed Peoples of the Libyan Arab Jamahiriyah (includes Army, Navy, and Air and Air Defense Command), Police" );; line 65474 (wfb::source-text manpower_availability libya "males age 15-49 1,131,175; males fit for military service 672,571; males reach military age (17) annually 54,676 (1995 est.)" );; line 65479 (wfb::source-text defense_expenditures libya "exchange rate conversion - $1.4 billion, 6.1% of GDP (1994 est.)" );; line 65484 (wfb::source-text location liechtenstein "Central Europe, between Austria and Switzerland" );; line 65494 (wfb::source-text map_references liechtenstein "Europe" );; line 65498 (wfb::source-text area liechtenstein total_area "160 sq km" );; line 65503 (wfb::source-text area liechtenstein land_area "160 sq km" );; line 65505 (wfb::source-text area liechtenstein comparative_area "about 0.9 times the size of Washington, DC" );; line 65507 (wfb::source-text borders liechtenstein "total 78 km, Austria 37 km, Switzerland 41 km" );; line 65511 (wfb::source-text coastline liechtenstein "0 km (landlocked)" );; line 65515 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims liechtenstein "none; landlocked" );; line 65519 (wfb::source-text international_disputes liechtenstein "claims 1,600 square kilometers of Czech territory confiscated from its royal family in 1918; the Czech Republic insists that restitution does not go back before February 1948, when the Communists seized power" );; line 65523 (wfb::source-text climate liechtenstein "continental; cold, cloudy winters with frequent snow or rain; cool to moderately warm, cloudy, humid summers" );; line 65529 (wfb::source-text terrain liechtenstein "mostly mountainous (Alps) with Rhine Valley in western third" );; line 65534 (wfb::source-text natural-resource liechtenstein "hydroelectric potential" );; line 65538 (wfb::source-text land_use liechtenstein arable_land "25%" );; line 65543 (wfb::source-text land_use liechtenstein permanent_crops "0%" );; line 65545 (wfb::source-text land_use liechtenstein meadows_and_pastures "38%" );; line 65547 (wfb::source-text land_use liechtenstein forest_and_woodland "19%" );; line 65549 (wfb::source-text land_use liechtenstein other "18%" );; line 65551 (wfb::source-text irrigated_land liechtenstein "NA sq km" );; line 65555 (wfb::source-text environment liechtenstein current_issues "NA" );; line 65560 (wfb::source-text environment liechtenstein natural_hazards "NA" );; line 65562 (wfb::source-text environment liechtenstein international_agreements "party to - Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Sulphur 85, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Climate Change, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands; signed, but not ratified - Air Pollution-Sulphur 94, Biodiversity, Law of the Sea" );; line 65564 (wfb::source-text note liechtenstein "landlocked; variety of microclimatic variations based on elevation" );; line 65571 (wfb::source-text population liechtenstein "30,654 (July 1995 est.)" );; line 65578 (wfb::source-text age_structure liechtenstein 0-14_years "19% (female 2,897; male 2,974)" );; line 65583 (wfb::source-text age_structure liechtenstein 15-64_years "71% (female 10,853; male 10,777)" );; line 65585 (wfb::source-text age_structure liechtenstein 65_years_and_over "10% (female 1,930; male 1,223) (July 1995 est.)" );; line 65587 (wfb::source-text population_growth_rate liechtenstein "1.2% (1995 est.)" );; line 65591 (wfb::source-text birth_rate liechtenstein "12.95 births/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 65595 (wfb::source-text death_rate liechtenstein "6.56 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 65599 (wfb::source-text net_migration_rate liechtenstein "5.58 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 65603 (wfb::source-text infant_mortality_rate liechtenstein "5.3 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.)" );; line 65607 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth liechtenstein total_population "77.52 years" );; line 65612 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth liechtenstein male "73.86 years" );; line 65614 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth liechtenstein female "81.17 years (1995 est.)" );; line 65616 (wfb::source-text total_fertility_rate liechtenstein "1.47 children born/woman (1995 est.)" );; line 65620 (wfb::source-text nationality liechtenstein noun "Liechtensteiner(s)" );; line 65625 (wfb::source-text nationality liechtenstein adjective "Liechtenstein" );; line 65627 (wfb::source-text ethnic-entity liechtenstein "Alemannic 95%, Italian and other 5%" );; line 65631 (wfb::source-text religion liechtenstein "Roman Catholic 87.3%, Protestant 8.3%, unknown 1.6%, other 2.8% (1988)" );; line 65635 (wfb::source-text language liechtenstein "German (official), Alemannic dialect" );; line 65640 (wfb::source-text literacy liechtenstein "age 10 and over can read and write (1981)" );; line 65644 (wfb::source-text literacy liechtenstein total_population "100%" );; line 65646 (wfb::source-text literacy liechtenstein male "100%" );; line 65648 (wfb::source-text literacy liechtenstein female "100%" );; line 65650 (wfb::source-text total_labor_force liechtenstein "19,905 of which 11,933 are foreigners; 6,885 commute from Austria and Switzerland to work each day" );; line 65654 (wfb::source-text labor_force_by_occupation liechtenstein by_occupation "industry, trade, and building 53.2%, services 45%, agriculture, fishing, forestry, and horticulture 1.8% (1990)" );; line 65657 (wfb::source-text names liechtenstein conventional_long_form "Principality of Liechtenstein" );; line 65664 (wfb::source-text names liechtenstein conventional_short_form "Liechtenstein" );; line 65666 (wfb::source-text names liechtenstein local_long_form "Furstentum Liechtenstein" );; line 65668 (wfb::source-text names liechtenstein local_short_form "Liechtenstein" );; line 65670 (wfb::source-text digraph liechtenstein "LS" );; line 65674 (wfb::source-text type liechtenstein "hereditary constitutional monarchy" );; line 65678 (wfb::source-text capital liechtenstein "Vaduz" );; line 65682 (wfb::source-text administrative_divisions liechtenstein "11 communes (gemeinden, singular - gemeinde); Balzers, Eschen, Gamprin, Mauren, Planken, Ruggell, Schaan, Schellenberg, Triesen, Triesenberg, Vaduz" );; line 65686 (wfb::source-text independence liechtenstein "23 January 1719 (Imperial Principality of Liechtenstein established)" );; line 65692 (wfb::source-text national_holiday liechtenstein "Assumption Day, 15 August" );; line 65697 (wfb::source-text constitution liechtenstein "5 October 1921" );; line 65701 (wfb::source-text legal_system liechtenstein "local civil and penal codes; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations" );; line 65705 (wfb::source-text suffrage liechtenstein "18 years of age; universal" );; line 65710 (wfb::source-text executive_branch liechtenstein chief_of_state "Prince Hans ADAM II (since 13 November 1989; assumed executive powers 26 August 1984); Heir Apparent Prince ALOIS von und zu Liechtenstein (born 11 June 1968)" );; line 65715 (wfb::source-text executive_branch liechtenstein head_of_government "Mario FRICK (since 15 December 1993); Deputy Head of Government Dr. Thomas BUECHEL (since 15 December 1993)" );; line 65719 (wfb::source-text executive_branch liechtenstein cabinet "Cabinet; elected by the Diet; confirmed by the sovereign" );; line 65722 (wfb::source-text legislative_structure liechtenstein "unicameral" );; line 65726 (wfb::source-text legislative_branch liechtenstein |Diet (Landtag)| "elections last held on 24 October 1993 (next to be held by March 1997); results - VU 50.1%, FBP 41.3%, FL 8.5%; seats - (25 total) VU 13, FBP 11, FL 1" );; line 65728 (wfb::source-text judicial_branch liechtenstein "Supreme Court (Oberster Gerichtshof) for criminal cases, Superior Court (Obergericht) for civil cases" );; line 65734 (wfb::source-text political_parties_and_leaders liechtenstein "Fatherland Union (VU), Dr. Oswald KRANTZ; Progressive Citizens' Party (FBP), Otmar HASLER; The Free List (FL)" );; line 65739 (wfb::source-text member_of liechtenstein "CE, EBRD, ECE, EFTA, GATT, IAEA, ICRM, IFRCS, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, ITU, OSCE, UN, UNCTAD, UPU, WCL, WIPO" );; line 65744 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us liechtenstein "in routine diplomatic matters, Liechtenstein is represented in the US by the Swiss Embassy" );; line 65749 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation liechtenstein "the US has no diplomatic or consular mission in Liechtenstein, but the US Consul General at Zurich (Switzerland) has consular accreditation at Vaduz" );; line 65754 (wfb::source-text flag liechtenstein "two equal horizontal bands of blue (top) and red with a gold crown on the hoist side of the blue band" );; line 65760 (wfb::source-text overview liechtenstein "Despite its small size and limited natural resources, Liechtenstein has developed into a prosperous, highly industrialized, free-enterprise economy with a vital service sector and living standards on par with its large European neighbors. Low business taxes - the maximum tax rate is 20% - and easy incorporation rules have induced about 25,000 holding or so-called letter box companies to establish nominal offices in Liechtenstein, providing 30% of state revenues. The country participates in a customs union with Switzerland and uses the Swiss franc as its national currency. Liechtenstein plans to join the European Economic Area (an organization serving as a bridge between EFTA and EU) in 1995." );; line 65766 (wfb::source-text national_product liechtenstein "GDP - purchasing power parity - $630 million (1990 est.)" );; line 65779 (wfb::source-text national_product_real_growth_rate liechtenstein "NA%" );; line 65783 (wfb::source-text national_product_per_capita liechtenstein "$22,300 (1990 est.)" );; line 65787 (wfb::source-text |Inflation rate (consumer prices)| liechtenstein "5.4% (1990)" );; line 65791 (wfb::source-text unemployment_rate liechtenstein "1.5% (1994)" );; line 65795 (wfb::source-text budget liechtenstein revenues "$259 million" );; line 65800 (wfb::source-text budget liechtenstein expenditures "$292 million, including capital expenditures of $NA (1990 est.)" );; line 65802 (wfb::source-text exports liechtenstein "$NA" );; line 65806 (wfb::source-text exports liechtenstein commodities "small specialty machinery, dental products, stamps, hardware, pottery" );; line 65808 (wfb::source-text exports liechtenstein partners "EC countries 42.7%, EFTA countries 20.9% (Switzerland 15.4%), other 36.4% (1990)" );; line 65811 (wfb::source-text imports liechtenstein "$NA" );; line 65816 (wfb::source-text imports liechtenstein commodities "machinery, metal goods, textiles, foodstuffs, motor vehicles" );; line 65818 (wfb::source-text imports liechtenstein partners "NA" );; line 65820 (wfb::source-text external_debt liechtenstein "$NA" );; line 65824 (wfb::source-text industrial_production liechtenstein "growth rate NA%" );; line 65828 (wfb::source-text electricity liechtenstein capacity "23,000 kW" );; line 65833 (wfb::source-text electricity liechtenstein production "150 million kWh" );; line 65835 (wfb::source-text electricity liechtenstein consumption_per_capita "5,230 kWh (1992)" );; line 65837 (wfb::source-text industry liechtenstein "electronics, metal manufacturing, textiles, ceramics, pharmaceuticals, food products, precision instruments, tourism" );; line 65841 (wfb::source-text agriculture liechtenstein "livestock, vegetables, corn, wheat, potatoes, grapes" );; line 65846 (wfb::source-text economic_aid liechtenstein "none" );; line 65850 (wfb::source-text currency liechtenstein "1 Swiss franc, franken, or franco (SwF) = 100 centimes, rappen, or centesimi" );; line 65854 (wfb::source-text exchange_rates liechtenstein "Swiss francs, franken, or franchi (SwF) per US$1 - 1.2880 (January 1995), 1.3677 (1994), 1.4776 (1993), 1.4062 (1992), 1.4340 (1991), 1.3892 (1990)" );; line 65859 (wfb::source-text fiscal_year liechtenstein "calendar year" );; line 65865 (wfb::source-text railroads liechtenstein total "18.5 km; note - owned, operated, and included in statistics of Austrian Federal Railways" );; line 65871 (wfb::source-text railroads liechtenstein standard_gauge "18.5 km 1.435-m gauge (electrified)" );; line 65874 (wfb::source-text highways liechtenstein total "322.93 km" );; line 65879 (wfb::source-text highways liechtenstein paved "322.93 km" );; line 65881 (wfb::source-text port liechtenstein "none" );; line 65885 (wfb::source-text airports liechtenstein "none" );; line 65889 (wfb::source-text telephone_system liechtenstein "25,400 telephones; limited, but sufficient automatic telephone system" );; line 65894 (wfb::source-text telephone_system liechtenstein local "NA" );; line 65897 (wfb::source-text telephone_system liechtenstein intercity "NA" );; line 65899 (wfb::source-text telephone_system liechtenstein international "linked to Swiss networks by cable and radio relay" );; line 65901 (wfb::source-text radio liechtenstein broadcast_stations "AM NA, FM NA, shortwave NA" );; line 65906 (wfb::source-text radio liechtenstein radios "NA" );; line 65908 (wfb::source-text television liechtenstein broadcast_stations "NA" );; line 65915 (wfb::source-text television liechtenstein televisions "NA" );; line 65917 (wfb::source-text note liechtenstein "defense is responsibility of Switzerland" );; line 65925 (wfb::source-text location lithuania "Eastern Europe, bordering the Baltic Sea, between Latvia and Russia" );; line 65935 (wfb::source-text map_references lithuania "Europe" );; line 65940 (wfb::source-text area lithuania total_area "65,200 sq km" );; line 65945 (wfb::source-text area lithuania land_area "65,200 sq km" );; line 65947 (wfb::source-text area lithuania comparative_area "slightly larger than West Virginia" );; line 65949 (wfb::source-text borders lithuania "total 1,273 km, Belarus 502 km, Latvia 453 km, Poland 91 km, Russia (Kaliningrad) 227 km" );; line 65953 (wfb::source-text coastline lithuania "108 km" );; line 65958 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims lithuania territorial_sea "12 nm" );; line 65963 (wfb::source-text international_disputes lithuania "dispute with Russia (Kaliningrad Oblast) over the position of the Nemunas (Nemen) River border presently located on the Lithuanian bank and not in midriver as by international standards" );; line 65967 (wfb::source-text climate lithuania "maritime; wet, moderate winters and summers" );; line 65973 (wfb::source-text terrain lithuania "lowland, many scattered small lakes, fertile soil" );; line 65977 (wfb::source-text natural-resource lithuania "peat" );; line 65981 (wfb::source-text land_use lithuania arable_land "49.1%" );; line 65986 (wfb::source-text land_use lithuania permanent_crops "0%" );; line 65988 (wfb::source-text land_use lithuania meadows_and_pastures "22.2%" );; line 65990 (wfb::source-text land_use lithuania forest_and_woodland "16.3%" );; line 65992 (wfb::source-text land_use lithuania other "12.4%" );; line 65994 (wfb::source-text irrigated_land lithuania "430 sq km (1990)" );; line 65998 (wfb::source-text environment lithuania current_issues "contamination of soil and groundwater with petroleum products and chemicals at military bases" );; line 66003 (wfb::source-text environment lithuania natural_hazards "NA" );; line 66006 (wfb::source-text environment lithuania international_agreements "party to - Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands; signed, but not ratified - Biodiversity, Climate Change" );; line 66008 (wfb::source-text population lithuania "3,876,396 (July 1995 est.)" );; line 66015 (wfb::source-text age_structure lithuania 0-14_years "23% (female 426,616; male 444,556)" );; line 66020 (wfb::source-text age_structure lithuania 15-64_years "65% (female 1,299,052; male 1,227,420)" );; line 66022 (wfb::source-text age_structure lithuania 65_years_and_over "12% (female 313,217; male 165,535) (July 1995 est.)" );; line 66024 (wfb::source-text population_growth_rate lithuania "0.71% (1995 est.)" );; line 66028 (wfb::source-text birth_rate lithuania "14.46 births/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 66032 (wfb::source-text death_rate lithuania "10.95 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 66036 (wfb::source-text net_migration_rate lithuania "3.62 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 66040 (wfb::source-text infant_mortality_rate lithuania "16.5 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.)" );; line 66044 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth lithuania total_population "71.37 years" );; line 66049 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth lithuania male "66.68 years" );; line 66051 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth lithuania female "76.3 years (1995 est.)" );; line 66053 (wfb::source-text total_fertility_rate lithuania "2 children born/woman (1995 est.)" );; line 66057 (wfb::source-text nationality lithuania noun "Lithuanian(s)" );; line 66062 (wfb::source-text nationality lithuania adjective "Lithuanian" );; line 66064 (wfb::source-text ethnic-entity lithuania "Lithuanian 80.1%, Russian 8.6%, Polish 7.7%, Byelorussian 1.5%, other 2.1%" );; line 66068 (wfb::source-text religion lithuania "Roman Catholic, Lutheran, other" );; line 66073 (wfb::source-text language lithuania "Lithuanian (official), Polish, Russian" );; line 66077 (wfb::source-text literacy lithuania "age 15 and over can read and write (1989)" );; line 66081 (wfb::source-text literacy lithuania total_population "98%" );; line 66083 (wfb::source-text literacy lithuania male "99%" );; line 66085 (wfb::source-text literacy lithuania female "98%" );; line 66087 (wfb::source-text total_labor_force lithuania "1.836 million" );; line 66091 (wfb::source-text labor_force_by_occupation lithuania by_occupation "industry and construction 42%, agriculture and forestry 18%, other 40% (1990)" );; line 66093 (wfb::source-text names lithuania conventional_long_form "Republic of Lithuania" );; line 66100 (wfb::source-text names lithuania conventional_short_form "Lithuania" );; line 66102 (wfb::source-text names lithuania local_long_form "Lietuvos Respublika" );; line 66104 (wfb::source-text names lithuania local_short_form "Lietuva" );; line 66106 (wfb::source-text names lithuania former "Lithuanian Soviet Socialist Republic" );; line 66108 (wfb::source-text digraph lithuania "LH" );; line 66112 (wfb::source-text type lithuania "republic" );; line 66116 (wfb::source-text capital lithuania "Vilnius" );; line 66120 (wfb::source-text administrative_divisions lithuania "44 regions (rajonai, singular - rajonas) and 11 municipalities*: Akmenes Rajonas, Alytaus Rajonas, Alytus*, Anyksciu Rajonas, Birsionas*, Birzu Rajonas, Druskininkai*, Ignalinos Rajonas, Jonavos Rajonas, Joniskio Rajonas, Jurbarko Rajonas, Kaisiadoriu Rajonas, Marijampoles Rajonas, Kaunas*, Kauno Rajonas, Kedainiu Rajonas, Kelmes Rajonas, Klaipeda*, Klaipedos Rajonas, Kretingos Rajonas, Kupiskio Rajonas, Lazdiju Rajonas, Marijampole*, Mazeikiu Rajonas, Moletu Rajonas, Neringa* Pakruojo Rajonas, Palanga*, Panevezio Rajonas, Panevezys*, Pasvalio Rajonas, Plunges Rajonas, Prienu Rajonas, Radviliskio Rajonas, Raseiniu Rajonas, Rokiskio Rajonas, Sakiu Rajonas, Salcininky Rajonas, Siauliai*, Siauliu Rajonas, Silales Rajonas, Siltues Rajonas, Sirvinty Rajonas, Skuodo Rajonas, Svencioniu Rajonas, Taurages Rajonas, Telsiu Rajonas, Traky Rajonas, Ukmerges Rajonas, Utenos Rajonas, Varenos Rajonas, Vilkaviskio Rajonas, Vilniaus Rajonas, Vilnius*, Zarasu Rajonas" );; line 66124 (wfb::source-text independence lithuania "6 September 1991 (from Soviet Union)" );; line 66140 (wfb::source-text national_holiday lithuania "Independence Day, 16 February (1918)" );; line 66144 (wfb::source-text constitution lithuania "adopted 25 October 1992" );; line 66148 (wfb::source-text legal_system lithuania "based on civil law system; no judicial review of legislative acts" );; line 66152 (wfb::source-text suffrage lithuania "18 years of age; universal" );; line 66156 (wfb::source-text executive_branch lithuania chief_of_state "President Algirdas Mykolas BRAZAUSKAS (since 25 November 1992; elected acting president by Parliament 25 November 1992 and elected by direct vote 15 February 1993); election last held 14 February 1993 (next to be held NA 1997); results - Algirdas BRAZAUSKAS was elected; note - on 25 November 1992 BRAZAUSKAS was elected chairman of Parliament and, as such, acting president of the Republic; he was confirmed in office by direct balloting 15 February 1993" );; line 66161 (wfb::source-text executive_branch lithuania head_of_government "Premier Adolfas SLEZEVICIUS (since 10 March 1993)" );; line 66169 (wfb::source-text executive_branch lithuania cabinet "Council of Ministers; appointed by the president on the nomination of the prime minister" );; line 66171 (wfb::source-text legislative_structure lithuania "unicameral" );; line 66176 (wfb::source-text legislative_branch lithuania |Seimas (parliament)| "elections last held 26 October and 25 November 1992 (next to be held NA 1996); results - LDDP 51%; seats - (141 total) LDDP 73, Conservative Party 30, LKDP 17, LTS 8, Farmers' Union 4, LLS 4, Center Union 2, others 3" );; line 66178 (wfb::source-text judicial_branch lithuania "Supreme Court, Court of Appeals" );; line 66184 (wfb::source-text political_parties_and_leaders lithuania "Christian Democratic Party (LKDP), Povilas KATILIUS, chairman; Democratic Labor Party of Lithuania (LDDP), Adolfas SLEZEVICIUS, chairman; Lithuanian Nationalist Union (LTS), Rimantas SMETONA, chairman; Lithuanian Social Democratic Party (LSDP), Aloyzas SAKALAS, chairman; Farmers' Union, Jonas CIULEVICIUS, chairman; Center Union, Romualdas OZOLAS, chairman; Conservative Party, Vytautas LANDSBERGIS, chairman; Lithuanian Polish Union (LLS), Rytardas MACIKIANEC, chairman" );; line 66188 (wfb::source-text other_political_or_pressure_groups lithuania "Homeland Union; Lithuanian Future Forum; Farmers Union" );; line 66198 (wfb::source-text member_of lithuania "BIS, CBSS, CCC, CE, EBRD, ECE, FAO, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, INTELSAT (nonsignatory user), INTERPOL, IOC, ISO (correspondent), ITU, NACC, OSCE, PFP, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WEU (associate partner), WHO, WIPO, WMO" );; line 66202 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us lithuania chief_of_mission "Ambassador Alfonsas EIDINTAS" );; line 66210 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us lithuania chancery "2622 16th Street NW, Washington, DC 20009" );; line 66212 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us lithuania telephone "[1] (202) 234-5860, 2639" );; line 66214 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us lithuania fax "[1] (202) 328-0466" );; line 66216 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us lithuania |consulate(s) general| "New York" );; line 66218 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation lithuania chief_of_mission "Ambassador James W. SWIHART, Jr." );; line 66223 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation lithuania embassy "Akmenu 6, Vilnius 2600" );; line 66225 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation lithuania mailing_address "APO AE 09723" );; line 66227 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation lithuania telephone "[370] (2) 223-031" );; line 66229 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation lithuania fax "[370] (2) 222-779" );; line 66231 (wfb::source-text flag lithuania "three equal horizontal bands of yellow (top), green, and red" );; line 66235 (wfb::source-text overview lithuania "Since independence in September 1991, Lithuania has made steady progress in developing a market economy. Almost 50% of state property has been privatized and trade is diversifying with a gradual shift away from the former Soviet Union to Western markets. In addition, the Lithuanian government has adhered to a disciplined budgetary and financial policy which has brought inflation down from a monthly average of around 14% in first half 1993 to an average of 3.1% in 1994. Nevertheless, the process has been painful with industrial output in 1993 less than half the 1991 level. The economy appeared to have bottomed out in 1994, and Vilnius's policies have laid the groundwork for vigorous recovery over the next few years. Recovery will build on Lithuanian's strategic location with its ice-free port at Klaipeda and its rail and highway hub in Vilnius connecting it with Eastern Europe, Belarus, Russia, and Ukraine, and on its agriculture potential, highly skilled labor force, and diversified industrial sector. Lacking important natural resources, it will remain dependent on imports of fuels and raw materials." );; line 66240 (wfb::source-text national_product lithuania "GDP - purchasing power parity - $13.5 billion (1994 estimate as extrapolated from World Bank estimate for 1992)" );; line 66258 (wfb::source-text national_product_real_growth_rate lithuania "-0.5% (1994 est.)" );; line 66263 (wfb::source-text national_product_per_capita lithuania "$3,500 (1994 est.)" );; line 66267 (wfb::source-text |Inflation rate (consumer prices)| lithuania "3.1% (monthly average 1994)" );; line 66271 (wfb::source-text unemployment_rate lithuania "4.5% (January 1995)" );; line 66275 (wfb::source-text budget lithuania revenues "$258.5 million" );; line 66280 (wfb::source-text budget lithuania expenditures "$270.2 million, including capital expenditures of $NA (1992 est.)" );; line 66282 (wfb::source-text exports lithuania "$2.2 billion (1994)" );; line 66286 (wfb::source-text exports lithuania commodities "electronics 18%, petroleum products 5%, food 10%, chemicals 6% (1989)" );; line 66288 (wfb::source-text exports lithuania partners "Russia, Ukraine, Germany" );; line 66291 (wfb::source-text imports lithuania "$2.7 billion (1994)" );; line 66295 (wfb::source-text imports lithuania commodities "oil 24%, machinery 14%, chemicals 8%, grain NA% (1989)" );; line 66297 (wfb::source-text imports lithuania partners "Russia, Germany, Belarus" );; line 66299 (wfb::source-text external_debt lithuania "$NA" );; line 66303 (wfb::source-text industrial_production lithuania "growth rate -52% (1992); accounts for 35% of GDP" );; line 66307 (wfb::source-text electricity lithuania capacity "6,190,000 kW" );; line 66312 (wfb::source-text electricity lithuania production "18.9 billion kWh" );; line 66314 (wfb::source-text electricity lithuania consumption_per_capita "4,608 kWh (1993)" );; line 66316 (wfb::source-text industry lithuania "industry's share in the economy has been declining substantially over the past year, due to the economic crisis and the growth of services in the economy; among branches which are still important: metal-cutting machine tools 6.6%, electric motors 4.6%, television sets 6.2%, refrigerators and freezers 5.4%; other branches: petroleum refining, shipbuilding (small ships), furniture making, textiles, food processing, fertilizers, agricultural machinery, optical equipment, electronic components, computers, and amber" );; line 66320 (wfb::source-text agriculture lithuania "employs around 18% of labor force; accounts for 25% of GDP; sugar, grain, potatoes, sugar beets, vegetables, meat, milk, dairy products, eggs, fish; most developed are the livestock and dairy branches, which depend on imported grain; net exporter of meat, milk, and eggs" );; line 66330 (wfb::source-text illicit_drugs lithuania "transshipment point for illicit drugs from Central and Southwest Asia and Latin America to Western Europe; limited producer of illicit opium; mostly for domestic consumption" );; line 66337 (wfb::source-text economic_aid lithuania recipient "US commitments, including Ex-Im (1992), $10 million; Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-86), $NA million; Communist countries (1971-86), $NA million" );; line 66344 (wfb::source-text currency lithuania "introduced the convertible litas in June 1993" );; line 66350 (wfb::source-text exchange_rates lithuania "litai per US$1 - 4 (fixed rate 1 May 1994)" );; line 66354 (wfb::source-text fiscal_year lithuania "calendar year" );; line 66358 (wfb::source-text railroads lithuania total "2,010 km" );; line 66364 (wfb::source-text railroads lithuania broad_gauge "2,010 km 1.524-m gauge (120 km electrified) (1990)" );; line 66366 (wfb::source-text highways lithuania total "44,200 km" );; line 66371 (wfb::source-text highways lithuania paved "35,500 km" );; line 66373 (wfb::source-text highways lithuania unpaved "earth 8,700 km (1990)" );; line 66375 (wfb::source-text inland_waterways lithuania "600 km perennially navigable" );; line 66379 (wfb::source-text pipelines lithuania "crude oil, 105 km; natural gas 760 km (1992)" );; line 66383 (wfb::source-text port lithuania "Kaunas, Klaipeda" );; line 66387 (wfb::source-text merchant_marine lithuania total "44 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 275,893 GRT/321,440 DWT" );; line 66392 (wfb::source-text merchant_marine lithuania ships_by_type "bulk 1, cargo 28, combination bulk 11, railcar carrier 3, roll-on/roll-off cargo 1" );; line 66394 (wfb::source-text airports lithuania total "96" );; line 66400 (wfb::source-text airports lithuania |with paved runways over 3,047 m| "3" );; line 66402 (wfb::source-text airports lithuania |with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m| "2" );; line 66404 (wfb::source-text airports lithuania |with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m| "4" );; line 66406 (wfb::source-text airports lithuania |with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m| "2" );; line 66408 (wfb::source-text airports lithuania with_paved_runways_under_914_m "14" );; line 66410 (wfb::source-text airports lithuania |with unpaved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m| "1" );; line 66412 (wfb::source-text airports lithuania |with unpaved runways 1,524 to 2,438 m| "1" );; line 66414 (wfb::source-text airports lithuania |with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m| "6" );; line 66416 (wfb::source-text airports lithuania with_unpaved_runways_under_914_m "63" );; line 66418 (wfb::source-text telephone_system lithuania "900,000 telephones; 240 telephones/1,000 persons; telecommunications system ranks among the most modern of the former Soviet republics" );; line 66423 (wfb::source-text telephone_system lithuania local "NA" );; line 66426 (wfb::source-text telephone_system lithuania intercity "land lines and microwave radio relay" );; line 66428 (wfb::source-text telephone_system lithuania international "international connections no longer depend on the Moscow gateway switch, but are established by satellite through Oslo from Vilnius and through Copenhagen from Kaunas; 1 EUTELSAT and 1 INTELSAT earth station; an NMT-450 analog cellular network operates in Vilnius and other cities and is linked internationally through Copenhagen by EUTELSAT; international electronic mail is available; land lines or microwave to former USSR republics" );; line 66430 (wfb::source-text radio lithuania broadcast_stations "AM 13, FM 26, shortwave 1, longwave 1" );; line 66440 (wfb::source-text radio lithuania radios "NA" );; line 66442 (wfb::source-text television lithuania broadcast_stations "3" );; line 66447 (wfb::source-text television lithuania televisions "NA" );; line 66449 (wfb::source-text defense_branch lithuania "Ground Forces, Navy, Air and Air Defense Force, Security Forces (internal and border troops), National Guard (Skat)" );; line 66455 (wfb::source-text manpower_availability lithuania "males age 15-49 949,663; males fit for military service 750,386; males reach military age (18) annually 27,630 (1995 est.)" );; line 66460 (wfb::source-text defense_expenditures lithuania "exchange rate conversion - $30 million, 2% of GDP (1994); note - for 1995 defense expenditures were $54 million at exchange rate conversion" );; line 66465 (wfb::source-text location luxembourg "Western Europe, between France and Germany" );; line 66476 (wfb::source-text map_references luxembourg "Europe" );; line 66480 (wfb::source-text area luxembourg total_area "2,586 sq km" );; line 66485 (wfb::source-text area luxembourg land_area "2,586 sq km" );; line 66487 (wfb::source-text area luxembourg comparative_area "slightly smaller than Rhode Island" );; line 66489 (wfb::source-text borders luxembourg "total 359 km, Belgium 148 km, France 73 km, Germany 138 km" );; line 66493 (wfb::source-text coastline luxembourg "0 km (landlocked)" );; line 66497 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims luxembourg "none; landlocked" );; line 66501 (wfb::source-text international_disputes luxembourg "none" );; line 66505 (wfb::source-text climate luxembourg "modified continental with mild winters, cool summers" );; line 66509 (wfb::source-text terrain luxembourg "mostly gently rolling uplands with broad, shallow valleys; uplands to slightly mountainous in the north; steep slope down to Moselle floodplain in the southeast" );; line 66513 (wfb::source-text natural-resource luxembourg "iron ore (no longer exploited)" );; line 66519 (wfb::source-text land_use luxembourg arable_land "24%" );; line 66524 (wfb::source-text land_use luxembourg permanent_crops "1%" );; line 66526 (wfb::source-text land_use luxembourg meadows_and_pastures "20%" );; line 66528 (wfb::source-text land_use luxembourg forest_and_woodland "21%" );; line 66530 (wfb::source-text land_use luxembourg other "34%" );; line 66532 (wfb::source-text irrigated_land luxembourg "NA sq km" );; line 66536 (wfb::source-text environment luxembourg current_issues "deforestation; air and water pollution in urban areas" );; line 66541 (wfb::source-text environment luxembourg natural_hazards "NA" );; line 66543 (wfb::source-text environment luxembourg international_agreements "party to - Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Sulphur 85, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Marine Dumping, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83; signed, but not ratified - Air Pollution-Sulphur 94, Desertification, Environmental Modification, Law of the Sea" );; line 66545 (wfb::source-text note luxembourg "landlocked" );; line 66554 (wfb::source-text population luxembourg "404,660 (July 1995 est.)" );; line 66560 (wfb::source-text age_structure luxembourg 0-14_years "18% (female 35,372; male 36,645)" );; line 66565 (wfb::source-text age_structure luxembourg 15-64_years "68% (female 136,960; male 137,792)" );; line 66567 (wfb::source-text age_structure luxembourg 65_years_and_over "14% (female 35,774; male 22,117) (July 1995 est.)" );; line 66569 (wfb::source-text population_growth_rate luxembourg "0.57% (1995 est.)" );; line 66573 (wfb::source-text birth_rate luxembourg "12.61 births/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 66577 (wfb::source-text death_rate luxembourg "9.42 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 66581 (wfb::source-text net_migration_rate luxembourg "2.47 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 66585 (wfb::source-text infant_mortality_rate luxembourg "6.6 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.)" );; line 66589 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth luxembourg total_population "76.95 years" );; line 66594 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth luxembourg male "73.31 years" );; line 66596 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth luxembourg female "80.75 years (1995 est.)" );; line 66598 (wfb::source-text total_fertility_rate luxembourg "1.65 children born/woman (1995 est.)" );; line 66602 (wfb::source-text nationality luxembourg noun "Luxembourger(s)" );; line 66607 (wfb::source-text nationality luxembourg adjective "Luxembourg" );; line 66609 (wfb::source-text ethnic-entity luxembourg "Celtic base (with French and German blend), Portuguese, Italian, and European (guest and worker residents)" );; line 66613 (wfb::source-text religion luxembourg "Roman Catholic 97%, Protestant and Jewish 3%" );; line 66618 (wfb::source-text language luxembourg "Luxembourgisch, German, French, English" );; line 66622 (wfb::source-text literacy luxembourg "age 15 and over can read and write (1980 est.)" );; line 66626 (wfb::source-text literacy luxembourg total_population "100%" );; line 66628 (wfb::source-text literacy luxembourg male "100%" );; line 66630 (wfb::source-text literacy luxembourg female "100%" );; line 66632 (wfb::source-text total_labor_force luxembourg "177,300 (one-third of labor force is foreign workers, mostly from Portugal, Italy, France, Belgium, and Germany)" );; line 66636 (wfb::source-text labor_force_by_occupation luxembourg by_occupation "services 65%, industry 31.6%, agriculture 3.4% (1988)" );; line 66639 (wfb::source-text names luxembourg conventional_long_form "Grand Duchy of Luxembourg" );; line 66645 (wfb::source-text names luxembourg conventional_short_form "Luxembourg" );; line 66647 (wfb::source-text names luxembourg local_long_form "Grand-Duche de Luxembourg" );; line 66649 (wfb::source-text names luxembourg local_short_form "Luxembourg" );; line 66651 (wfb::source-text digraph luxembourg "LU" );; line 66655 (wfb::source-text type luxembourg "constitutional monarchy" );; line 66659 (wfb::source-text capital luxembourg "Luxembourg" );; line 66663 (wfb::source-text administrative_divisions luxembourg "3 districts; Diekirch, Grevenmacher, Luxembourg" );; line 66667 (wfb::source-text independence luxembourg "1839" );; line 66671 (wfb::source-text national_holiday luxembourg "National Day, 23 June (1921) (public celebration of the Grand Duke's birthday)" );; line 66675 (wfb::source-text constitution luxembourg "17 October 1868, occasional revisions" );; line 66680 (wfb::source-text legal_system luxembourg "based on civil law system; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction" );; line 66684 (wfb::source-text suffrage luxembourg "18 years of age; universal and compulsory" );; line 66688 (wfb::source-text executive_branch luxembourg chief_of_state "Grand Duke JEAN (since 12 November 1964); Heir Apparent Prince HENRI (son of Grand Duke JEAN, born 16 April 1955)" );; line 66693 (wfb::source-text executive_branch luxembourg head_of_government "Prime Minister Jean-Claude JUNKER (since 1 January 1994); Vice Prime Minister Jacques F. POOS (since 21 July 1984)" );; line 66696 (wfb::source-text executive_branch luxembourg cabinet "Council of Ministers; appointed by the sovereign" );; line 66699 (wfb::source-text legislative_structure luxembourg "unicameral" );; line 66703 (wfb::source-text legislative_branch luxembourg |Chamber of Deputies (Chambre des Deputes)| "elections last held on 12 June 1994 (next to be held by June 1999); results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (60 total) CSV 21, LSAP 17, DP 12, Action Committee for Democracy and Pension Rights 5, Greens 5" );; line 66705 (wfb::source-text judicial_branch luxembourg "Superior Court of Justice (Cour Superieure de Justice)" );; line 66714 (wfb::source-text political_parties_and_leaders luxembourg "Christian Social People's Party (CSV), Erna HENNICOT-SCHOEPGES; Socialist Workers Party (LSAP), Ben FAYOT; Democratic Party (DP), Henri GRETHEN; Action Committee for Democracy and Pension Rights, Roby MEHLEN; other minor parties" );; line 66718 (wfb::source-text other_political_or_pressure_groups luxembourg "group of steel companies representing iron and steel industry; Centrale Paysanne representing agricultural producers; Christian and Socialist labor unions; Federation of Industrialists; Artisans and Shopkeepers Federation" );; line 66725 (wfb::source-text member_of luxembourg "ACCT, Australia Group, Benelux, CCC, CE, EBRD, EC, ECE, EIB, FAO, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, IOM, ITU, MTCR, NACC, NATO, NEA, NSG, OECD, OSCE, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCL, WEU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, ZC" );; line 66732 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us luxembourg chief_of_mission "Ambassador Alphonse BERNS" );; line 66741 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us luxembourg chancery "2200 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008" );; line 66743 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us luxembourg telephone "[1] (202) 265-4171" );; line 66745 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us luxembourg fax "[1] (202) 328-8270" );; line 66747 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us luxembourg |consulate(s) general| "New York and San Francisco" );; line 66749 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation luxembourg chief_of_mission "Ambassador Clay CONSTANTINOU" );; line 66754 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation luxembourg embassy "22 Boulevard Emmanuel-Servais, 2535 Luxembourg City" );; line 66756 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation luxembourg mailing_address "PSC 11, Luxembourg City; APO AE 09132-5380" );; line 66758 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation luxembourg telephone "[352] 46 01 23" );; line 66760 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation luxembourg fax "[352] 46 14 01" );; line 66762 (wfb::source-text flag luxembourg "three equal horizontal bands of red (top), white, and light blue; similar to the flag of the Netherlands, which uses a darker blue and is shorter; design was based on the flag of France" );; line 66766 (wfb::source-text overview luxembourg "The stable, prosperous economy features moderate growth, low inflation, and negligible unemployment. Agriculture is based on small but highly productive family-owned farms. The industrial sector, until recently dominated by steel, has become increasingly more diversified, particularly toward high-technology firms. During the past decade, growth in the financial sector has more than compensated for the decline in steel. Services, especially banking, account for a growing proportion of the economy. Luxembourg participates in an economic union with Belgium on trade and most financial matters, is also closely connected economically to the Netherlands, and as a member of the 15-member European Union enjoys the advantages of the open European market." );; line 66773 (wfb::source-text national_product luxembourg "GDP - purchasing power parity - $9.2 billion (1994 est.)" );; line 66786 (wfb::source-text national_product_real_growth_rate luxembourg "2.6% (1994 est.)" );; line 66790 (wfb::source-text national_product_per_capita luxembourg "$22,830 (1994 est.)" );; line 66794 (wfb::source-text |Inflation rate (consumer prices)| luxembourg "3.6% (1992)" );; line 66798 (wfb::source-text unemployment_rate luxembourg "2.4% (1994)" );; line 66802 (wfb::source-text budget luxembourg revenues "$4 billion" );; line 66807 (wfb::source-text budget luxembourg expenditures "$4.05 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA (1994 est.)" );; line 66809 (wfb::source-text exports luxembourg "$6.4 billion (f.o.b., 1991 est.)" );; line 66813 (wfb::source-text exports luxembourg commodities "finished steel products, chemicals, rubber products, glass, aluminum, other industrial products" );; line 66815 (wfb::source-text exports luxembourg partners "EC 76%, US 5%" );; line 66818 (wfb::source-text imports luxembourg "$8.3 billion (c.i.f., 1991 est.)" );; line 66822 (wfb::source-text imports luxembourg commodities "minerals, metals, foodstuffs, quality consumer goods" );; line 66824 (wfb::source-text imports luxembourg partners "Belgium 37%, Germany 31%, France 12%, US 2%" );; line 66826 (wfb::source-text external_debt luxembourg "$800 million (1994 est.)" );; line 66830 (wfb::source-text industrial_production luxembourg "growth rate -0.5% (1990); accounts for 25% of GDP" );; line 66834 (wfb::source-text electricity luxembourg capacity "1,238,750 kW" );; line 66839 (wfb::source-text electricity luxembourg production "1.374 billion kWh" );; line 66841 (wfb::source-text electricity luxembourg consumption_per_capita "3,395 kWh (1993)" );; line 66843 (wfb::source-text industry luxembourg "banking, iron and steel, food processing, chemicals, metal products, engineering, tires, glass, aluminum" );; line 66847 (wfb::source-text agriculture luxembourg "accounts for less than 3% of GDP (including forestry); principal products - barley, oats, potatoes, wheat, fruits, wine grapes; cattle raising widespread" );; line 66852 (wfb::source-text economic_aid luxembourg "none" );; line 66858 (wfb::source-text currency luxembourg "1 Luxembourg franc (LuxF) = 100 centimes" );; line 66862 (wfb::source-text exchange_rates luxembourg "Luxembourg francs (LuxF) per US$1 - 31.549 (January 1995), 33,456 (1994), 34.597 (1993), 32.150 (1992), 34.148 (1991), 33.418 (1990); note - the Luxembourg franc is at par with the Belgian franc, which circulates freely in Luxembourg" );; line 66866 (wfb::source-text fiscal_year luxembourg "calendar year" );; line 66873 (wfb::source-text railroads luxembourg total "271 km" );; line 66879 (wfb::source-text railroads luxembourg standard_gauge "271 km 1.435-m gauge (243 km electrified; 178 km double track) (1994)" );; line 66881 (wfb::source-text highways luxembourg total "5,108 km" );; line 66887 (wfb::source-text highways luxembourg paved "5,062 km (95 km of limited access divided highway)" );; line 66889 (wfb::source-text highways luxembourg unpaved "46 km (1992)" );; line 66891 (wfb::source-text inland_waterways luxembourg "37 km; Moselle River" );; line 66895 (wfb::source-text pipelines luxembourg "petroleum products 48 km" );; line 66899 (wfb::source-text port luxembourg "Mertert" );; line 66903 (wfb::source-text merchant_marine luxembourg total "45 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 1,129,466 GRT/1,790,988 DWT" );; line 66908 (wfb::source-text merchant_marine luxembourg ships_by_type "bulk 6, cargo 2, chemical tanker 4, combination bulk 6, container 2, liquefied gas tanker 8, oil tanker 7, passenger 2, refrigerated cargo 6, roll-on/roll-off cargo 2" );; line 66910 (wfb::source-text airports luxembourg total "2" );; line 66917 (wfb::source-text airports luxembourg |with paved runways over 3,047 m| "1" );; line 66919 (wfb::source-text airports luxembourg with_paved_runways_under_914_m "1" );; line 66921 (wfb::source-text telephone_system luxembourg "230,000 telephones; highly developed, completely automated and efficient system, mainly buried cables; nationwide mobile phone system" );; line 66926 (wfb::source-text telephone_system luxembourg local "NA" );; line 66929 (wfb::source-text telephone_system luxembourg intercity "buried cable" );; line 66931 (wfb::source-text telephone_system luxembourg international "3 channels leased on TAT-6 coaxial submarine cable" );; line 66933 (wfb::source-text radio luxembourg broadcast_stations "AM 2, FM 3, shortwave 0" );; line 66938 (wfb::source-text radio luxembourg radios "NA" );; line 66940 (wfb::source-text television luxembourg broadcast_stations "3 and 1 direct-broadcast satellite link" );; line 66945 (wfb::source-text television luxembourg televisions "NA" );; line 66947 (wfb::source-text defense_branch luxembourg "Army, National Gendarmerie" );; line 66953 (wfb::source-text manpower_availability luxembourg "males age 15-49 103,990; males fit for military service 85,912; males reach military age (19) annually 2,190 (1995 est.)" );; line 66957 (wfb::source-text defense_expenditures luxembourg "exchange rate conversion - $129 million, 1.2% of GDP (1994)" );; line 66962 (wfb::source-text location macau "Eastern Asia, bordering the South China Sea and China" );; line 66974 (wfb::source-text map_references macau "Southeast Asia" );; line 66978 (wfb::source-text area macau total_area "16 sq km" );; line 66983 (wfb::source-text area macau land_area "16 sq km" );; line 66985 (wfb::source-text area macau comparative_area "about 0.1 times the size of Washington, DC" );; line 66987 (wfb::source-text borders macau "total 0.34 km, China 0.34 km" );; line 66991 (wfb::source-text coastline macau "40 km" );; line 66995 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims macau "not specified" );; line 66999 (wfb::source-text international_disputes macau "none" );; line 67003 (wfb::source-text climate macau "subtropical; marine with cool winters, warm summers" );; line 67007 (wfb::source-text terrain macau "generally flat" );; line 67011 (wfb::source-text natural-resource macau "negligible" );; line 67015 (wfb::source-text land_use macau arable_land "0%" );; line 67020 (wfb::source-text land_use macau permanent_crops "0%" );; line 67022 (wfb::source-text land_use macau meadows_and_pastures "0%" );; line 67024 (wfb::source-text land_use macau forest_and_woodland "0%" );; line 67026 (wfb::source-text land_use macau other "100%" );; line 67028 (wfb::source-text irrigated_land macau "NA sq km" );; line 67032 (wfb::source-text environment macau current_issues "NA" );; line 67037 (wfb::source-text environment macau natural_hazards "NA" );; line 67039 (wfb::source-text environment macau international_agreements "party to - Ozone Layer Protection (extended from Portugal)" );; line 67041 (wfb::source-text note macau "essentially urban; one causeway and one bridge connect the two islands to the peninsula on mainland" );; line 67045 (wfb::source-text population macau "490,901 (July 1995 est.)" );; line 67052 (wfb::source-text age_structure macau 0-14_years "24% (female 56,991; male 60,944)" );; line 67057 (wfb::source-text age_structure macau 15-64_years "68% (female 167,366; male 165,168)" );; line 67059 (wfb::source-text age_structure macau 65_years_and_over "8% (female 23,537; male 16,895) (July 1995 est.)" );; line 67061 (wfb::source-text population_growth_rate macau "1.25% (1995 est.)" );; line 67065 (wfb::source-text birth_rate macau "14.5 births/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 67069 (wfb::source-text death_rate macau "4.21 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 67073 (wfb::source-text net_migration_rate macau "2.24 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 67077 (wfb::source-text infant_mortality_rate macau "5.4 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.)" );; line 67081 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth macau total_population "79.86 years" );; line 67086 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth macau male "77.41 years" );; line 67088 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth macau female "82.43 years (1995 est.)" );; line 67090 (wfb::source-text total_fertility_rate macau "1.49 children born/woman (1995 est.)" );; line 67094 (wfb::source-text nationality macau noun "Macanese (singular and plural)" );; line 67099 (wfb::source-text nationality macau adjective "Macau" );; line 67101 (wfb::source-text ethnic-entity macau "Chinese 95%, Portuguese 3%, other 2%" );; line 67105 (wfb::source-text religion macau "Buddhist 45%, Roman Catholic 7%, Protestant 1%, none 45.8%, other 1.2% (1981)" );; line 67109 (wfb::source-text language macau "Portuguese (official), Cantonese is the language of commerce" );; line 67114 (wfb::source-text literacy macau "age 15 and over can read and write (1981)" );; line 67118 (wfb::source-text literacy macau total_population "90%" );; line 67120 (wfb::source-text literacy macau male "93%" );; line 67122 (wfb::source-text literacy macau female "86%" );; line 67124 (wfb::source-text total_labor_force macau "180,000 (1986)" );; line 67128 (wfb::source-text labor_force_by_occupation macau by_occupation "NA" );; line 67130 (wfb::source-text names macau conventional_long_form "none" );; line 67136 (wfb::source-text names macau conventional_short_form "Macau" );; line 67138 (wfb::source-text names macau local_long_form "none" );; line 67140 (wfb::source-text names macau local_short_form "Ilha de Macau" );; line 67142 (wfb::source-text digraph macau "MC" );; line 67146 (wfb::source-text type macau "overseas territory of Portugal scheduled to revert to China in 1999" );; line 67150 (wfb::source-text capital macau "Macau" );; line 67155 (wfb::source-text administrative_divisions macau "2 districts (concelhos, singular - concelho); Ilhas, Macau" );; line 67159 (wfb::source-text independence macau "none (territory of Portugal; Portugal signed an agreement with China on 13 April 1987 to return Macau to China on 20 December 1999; in the joint declaration, China promises to respect Macau's existing social and economic systems and lifestyle for 50 year after transition)" );; line 67163 (wfb::source-text national_holiday macau "Day of Portugal, 10 June (1580)" );; line 67170 (wfb::source-text constitution macau "17 February 1976, Organic Law of Macau; basic law drafted primarily by Beijing awaiting final approval" );; line 67174 (wfb::source-text legal_system macau "Portuguese civil law system" );; line 67179 (wfb::source-text suffrage macau "18 years of age; universal" );; line 67183 (wfb::source-text executive_branch macau chief_of_state "President (of Portugal) Mario Alberto SOARES (since 9 March 1986)" );; line 67188 (wfb::source-text executive_branch macau head_of_government "Governor Gen. Vasco Joachim Rocha VIEIRA (since 20 March 1991)" );; line 67191 (wfb::source-text executive_branch macau cabinet "Consultative Council; consists of five members appointed by the governor, two nominated by the governor, five members elected for a four-year term (2 represent administrative bodies, 1 represents moral, cultural, and welfare interests, and 2 economic interests), and three statuatory members" );; line 67193 (wfb::source-text legislative_structure macau "unicameral" );; line 67200 (wfb::source-text legislative_branch macau legislative_assembly "elections last held on 10 March 1991 (next to be held NA); results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (23 total, 8 elected by universal suffrage, 8 by indirect suffrage, and 7 appointed by the governor) number of seats by party NA" );; line 67202 (wfb::source-text judicial_branch macau "Supreme Court" );; line 67209 (wfb::source-text political_parties_and_leaders macau "Association to Defend the Interests of Macau; Macau Democratic Center; Group to Study the Development of Macau; Macau Independent Group" );; line 67213 (wfb::source-text other_political_or_pressure_groups macau "wealthy Macanese and Chinese representing local interests, wealthy pro-Communist merchants representing China's interests; in January 1967 the Macau Government acceded to Chinese demands that gave China veto power over administration" );; line 67218 (wfb::source-text member_of macau "CCC, ESCAP (associate), GATT, IMO (associate), INTERPOL (subbureau), WTO (associate)" );; line 67225 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us macau "none (Chinese territory under Portuguese administration)" );; line 67230 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation macau "the US has no offices in Macau, and US interests are monitored by the US Consulate General in Hong Kong" );; line 67234 (wfb::source-text flag macau "the flag of Portugal is used" );; line 67239 (wfb::source-text overview macau "The economy is based largely on tourism (including gambling) and textile and fireworks manufacturing. Efforts to diversify have spawned other small industries - toys, artificial flowers, and electronics. The tourist sector has accounted for roughly 25% of GDP, and the clothing industry has provided about two-thirds of export earnings; the gambling industry represented well over 40% of GDP in 1992. Macau depends on China for most of its food, fresh water, and energy imports. Japan and Hong Kong are the main suppliers of raw materials and capital goods." );; line 67244 (wfb::source-text national_product macau "GDP - purchasing power parity - $4.8 billion (1993 est.)" );; line 67255 (wfb::source-text national_product_real_growth_rate macau "NA%" );; line 67259 (wfb::source-text national_product_per_capita macau "$10,000 (1993 est.)" );; line 67263 (wfb::source-text |Inflation rate (consumer prices)| macau "7.7% (1992 est.)" );; line 67267 (wfb::source-text unemployment_rate macau "2% (1992 est.)" );; line 67271 (wfb::source-text budget macau revenues "$305 million" );; line 67276 (wfb::source-text budget macau expenditures "$298 million, including capital expenditures of $NA (1989 est.)" );; line 67278 (wfb::source-text exports macau "$1.8 billion (1992 est.)" );; line 67282 (wfb::source-text exports macau commodities "textiles, clothing, toys" );; line 67284 (wfb::source-text exports macau partners "US 35%, Hong Kong 12.5%, Germany 12%, China 9.9%, France 8% (1992 est.)" );; line 67286 (wfb::source-text imports macau "$2 billion (1992 est.)" );; line 67291 (wfb::source-text imports macau commodities "raw materials, foodstuffs, capital goods" );; line 67293 (wfb::source-text imports macau partners "Hong Kong 33%, China 20%, Japan 18% (1992 est.)" );; line 67295 (wfb::source-text external_debt macau "$91 million (1985)" );; line 67299 (wfb::source-text industrial_production macau "growth rate NA%" );; line 67303 (wfb::source-text electricity macau capacity "258,000 kW" );; line 67308 (wfb::source-text electricity macau production "950 million kWh" );; line 67310 (wfb::source-text electricity macau consumption_per_capita "2,093 kWh (1993)" );; line 67312 (wfb::source-text industry macau "clothing, textiles, toys, plastic products, furniture, tourism" );; line 67316 (wfb::source-text agriculture macau "rice, vegetables; food shortages - rice, vegetables, meat; depends mostly on imports for food requirements" );; line 67320 (wfb::source-text economic_aid macau "none" );; line 67325 (wfb::source-text currency macau "1 pataca (P) = 100 avos" );; line 67329 (wfb::source-text exchange_rates macau "patacas (P) per US$1 - 8.034 (1991-94), 8.024 (1990), 8.030 (1989); note - linked to the Hong Kong dollar at the rate of 1.03 patacas per Hong Kong dollar" );; line 67333 (wfb::source-text fiscal_year macau "calendar year" );; line 67339 (wfb::source-text railroads macau "0 km" );; line 67344 (wfb::source-text highways macau total "42 km" );; line 67349 (wfb::source-text highways macau paved "42 km" );; line 67351 (wfb::source-text port macau "Macau" );; line 67355 (wfb::source-text merchant_marine macau "none" );; line 67359 (wfb::source-text airports macau "none usable, 1 under construction; 1 seaplane station" );; line 67363 (wfb::source-text telephone_system macau "52,000 telephones; fairly modern communication facilities maintained for domestic and international services" );; line 67368 (wfb::source-text telephone_system macau local "NA" );; line 67371 (wfb::source-text telephone_system macau intercity "NA" );; line 67373 (wfb::source-text telephone_system macau international "high-frequency radio communication facility; access to international communications carriers provided via Hong Kong and China; 1 INTELSAT (Indian Ocean) earth station" );; line 67375 (wfb::source-text radio macau broadcast_stations "AM 4, FM 3, shortwave 0" );; line 67382 (wfb::source-text radio macau radios "115,000" );; line 67384 (wfb::source-text television macau broadcast_stations "0; note - TV programs received from Hong Kong" );; line 67389 (wfb::source-text television macau televisions "NA" );; line 67391 (wfb::source-text defense_branch macau "NA" );; line 67397 (wfb::source-text manpower_availability macau "males age 15-49 141,160; males fit for military service 78,578 (1995 est.)" );; line 67401 (wfb::source-text note macau "defense is responsibility of Portugal" );; line 67406 (wfb::source-text location |Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of| "Southeastern Europe, north of Greece" );; line 67416 (wfb::source-text map_references |Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of| "Ethnic Groups in Eastern Europe, Europe" );; line 67420 (wfb::source-text area |Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of| total_area "25,333 sq km" );; line 67425 (wfb::source-text area |Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of| land_area "24,856 sq km" );; line 67427 (wfb::source-text area |Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of| comparative_area "slightly larger than Vermont" );; line 67429 (wfb::source-text borders |Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of| "total 748 km, Albania 151 km, Bulgaria 148 km, Greece 228 km, Serbia and Montenegro 221 km (all with Serbia)" );; line 67433 (wfb::source-text coastline |Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of| "0 km (landlocked)" );; line 67438 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims |Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of| "none; landlocked" );; line 67442 (wfb::source-text international_disputes |Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of| "dispute with Greece over name, symbols, and certain constitutional provisions" );; line 67446 (wfb::source-text climate |Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of| "hot, dry summers and autumns and relatively cold winters with heavy snowfall" );; line 67451 (wfb::source-text terrain |Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of| "mountainous territory covered with deep basins and valleys; there are three large lakes, each divided by a frontier line; country bisected by the Vardar River" );; line 67456 (wfb::source-text natural-resource |Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of| "chromium, lead, zinc, manganese, tungsten, nickel, low-grade iron ore, asbestos, sulphur, timber" );; line 67462 (wfb::source-text land_use |Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of| arable_land "5%" );; line 67468 (wfb::source-text land_use |Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of| permanent_crops "5%" );; line 67470 (wfb::source-text land_use |Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of| meadows_and_pastures "20%" );; line 67472 (wfb::source-text land_use |Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of| forest_and_woodland "30%" );; line 67474 (wfb::source-text land_use |Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of| other "40%" );; line 67476 (wfb::source-text irrigated_land |Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of| "NA sq km" );; line 67480 (wfb::source-text environment |Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of| current_issues "air pollution from metallurgical plants" );; line 67485 (wfb::source-text environment |Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of| natural_hazards "high seismic risks" );; line 67487 (wfb::source-text environment |Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of| international_agreements "party to - Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection" );; line 67489 (wfb::source-text note |Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of| "landlocked; major transportation corridor from Western and Central Europe to Aegean Sea and Southern Europe to Western Europe" );; line 67493 (wfb::source-text population |Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of| "2,159,503 (July 1995 est.)" );; line 67500 (wfb::source-text age_structure |Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of| 0-14_years "25% (female 257,876; male 277,314)" );; line 67508 (wfb::source-text age_structure |Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of| 15-64_years "67% (female 711,810; male 733,903)" );; line 67510 (wfb::source-text age_structure |Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of| 65_years_and_over "8% (female 97,475; male 81,125) (July 1995 est.)" );; line 67512 (wfb::source-text population_growth_rate |Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of| "0.9% (1995 est.)" );; line 67516 (wfb::source-text birth_rate |Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of| "15.82 births/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 67520 (wfb::source-text death_rate |Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of| "6.7 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 67524 (wfb::source-text net_migration_rate |Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of| "-0.14 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 67528 (wfb::source-text infant_mortality_rate |Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of| "24.2 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.)" );; line 67532 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth |Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of| total_population "74 years" );; line 67537 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth |Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of| male "71.87 years" );; line 67539 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth |Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of| female "76.3 years (1995 est.)" );; line 67541 (wfb::source-text total_fertility_rate |Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of| "2.02 children born/woman (1995 est.)" );; line 67545 (wfb::source-text nationality |Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of| noun "Macedonian(s)" );; line 67550 (wfb::source-text nationality |Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of| adjective "Macedonian" );; line 67552 (wfb::source-text ethnic-entity |Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of| "Macedonian 65%, Albanian 22%, Turkish 4%, Serb 2%, Gypsies 3%, other 4%" );; line 67556 (wfb::source-text religion |Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of| "Eastern Orthodox 67%, Muslim 30%, other 3%" );; line 67561 (wfb::source-text language |Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of| "Macedonian 70%, Albanian 21%, Turkish 3%, Serbo-Croatian 3%, other 3%" );; line 67565 (wfb::source-text literacy |Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of| "NA%" );; line 67570 (wfb::source-text total_labor_force |Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of| "591,773 (June 1994)" );; line 67574 (wfb::source-text labor_force_by_occupation |Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of| by_occupation "manufacturing and mining 40% (1992)" );; line 67576 (wfb::source-text names |Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of| conventional_long_form "The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia" );; line 67582 (wfb::source-text names |Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of| conventional_short_form "none" );; line 67584 (wfb::source-text names |Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of| local_long_form "Republika Makedonija" );; line 67586 (wfb::source-text names |Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of| local_short_form "Makedonija" );; line 67588 (wfb::source-text abbreviation |Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of| "F.Y.R.O.M." );; line 67592 (wfb::source-text digraph |Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of| "MK" );; line 67596 (wfb::source-text type |Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of| "emerging democracy" );; line 67600 (wfb::source-text capital |Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of| "Skopje" );; line 67604 (wfb::source-text administrative_divisions |Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of| "34 counties (opstinas, singular - opstina) Berovo, Bitola, Brod, Debar, Delcevo, Gevgelija, Gostivar, Kavadarci, Kicevo, Kocani, Kratovo, Kriva Palanka, Krusevo, Kumanovo, Murgasevo, Negotino, Ohrid, Prilep, Probistip, Radovis, Resen, Skopje-Centar, Skopje-Cair, Skopje-Karpos, Skopje-Kisela Voda, Skopje-Gazi Baba, Stip, Struga, Strumica, Sveti Nikole, Tetovo, Titov Veles, Valandovo, Vinica" );; line 67608 (wfb::source-text independence |Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of| "17 September 1991 (from Yugoslavia)" );; line 67617 (wfb::source-text national_holiday |Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of| "8 September" );; line 67621 (wfb::source-text constitution |Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of| "adopted 17 November 1991, effective 20 November 1991" );; line 67625 (wfb::source-text legal_system |Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of| "based on civil law system; judicial review of legislative acts" );; line 67629 (wfb::source-text suffrage |Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of| "18 years of age; universal" );; line 67633 (wfb::source-text executive_branch |Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of| chief_of_state "President Kiro GLIGOROV (since 27 January 1991); election last held 16 October 1994 (next to be held NA 1997); results - Kiro GLIGOROV was elected by the Assembly in 1991; reelected by popular vote in 1994" );; line 67638 (wfb::source-text executive_branch |Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of| head_of_government "Prime Minister Branko CRVENKOVSKI (since 4 September 1992)" );; line 67642 (wfb::source-text executive_branch |Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of| cabinet "Council of Ministers; elected by the majority vote of all the deputies in the Sobranje" );; line 67644 (wfb::source-text legislative_structure |Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of| "unicameral" );; line 67649 (wfb::source-text legislative_branch |Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of| |Assembly (Sobranje)| "elections last held 16 and 30 October 1994 (next to be held November 1998); results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (120 total) seats by party NA" );; line 67651 (wfb::source-text judicial_branch |Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of| "Constitutional Court, Judicial Court of the Republic" );; line 67657 (wfb::source-text political_parties_and_leaders |Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of| "Social-Democratic Alliance of Macedonia (SDSM; former Communist Party), Branko CRVENKOVSKI, president; Party for Democratic Prosperity (PDP); note - two factions competing for party name; one faction is led by Abdurahman HALITI and the other faction is led by Arber XHAFFERI; National Democratic Party (NDP), Ilijas HALINI, president; Alliance of Reform Forces of Macedonia - Liberal Party (SRSM-LP), Stojan ANDOV, president; Socialist Party of Macedonia (SPM), Kiro POPOVSKI, president; Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization - Democratic Party for Macedonian National Unity (VMRO-DPMNE), Ljupco GEORGIEVSKI, president; Party of Yugoslavs in Macedonia (SJM), Milan DURCINOV, president; Democratic Party (DP), Petar GOSEV, president" );; line 67661 (wfb::source-text other_political_or_pressure_groups |Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of| "Movement for All Macedonian Action (MAAK); Democratic Party of Serbs; Democratic Party of Turks; Party for Democratic Action (Slavic Muslim)" );; line 67674 (wfb::source-text member_of |Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of| "CCC, CE (guest), CEI, EBRD, ECE, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFAD, IFC, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT (nonsignatory user), INTERPOL, IOC, ITU, OSCE (observer), UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO" );; line 67679 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us |Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of| "the US recognized The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia on 8 February 1994" );; line 67685 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation |Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of| chief_of_mission "Victor D. COMRAS" );; line 67691 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation |Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of| liaison_office "ul. 27 Mart No. 5, 9100 Skopje" );; line 67693 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation |Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of| mailing_address "USLO Skopje, Department of State, Washington, DC 20521-7120 (pouch)" );; line 67695 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation |Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of| telephone "[389] (91) 116-180" );; line 67698 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation |Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of| fax "[389] (91) 117-103" );; line 67700 (wfb::source-text flag |Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of| "16-point gold sun (Vergina, Sun) centered on a red field" );; line 67704 (wfb::source-text overview |Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of| "The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, although the poorest republic in the former Yugoslav federation, can meet basic food and energy needs through its own agricultural and coal resources. Its economic decline will continue unless ties are reforged or enlarged with its neighbors Serbia and Montenegro, Albania, Greece, and Bulgaria. The economy depends on outside sources for all of its oil and gas and most of its modern machinery and parts. An important supplement of GDP is the remittances from thousands of Macedonians working in Germany and other West European nations. Continued political turmoil, both internally and in the region as a whole, prevents any swift readjustments of trade patterns and economic programs. The country's industrial output and GDP are expected to decline further in 1995. The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia's geographical isolation, technological backwardness, and potential political instability place it far down the list of countries of interest to Western investors. Resolution of the dispute with Greece and an internal commitment to economic reform would encourage foreign investment over the long run. In the immediate future, the worst scenario for the economy would be the spread of fighting across its borders." );; line 67709 (wfb::source-text national_product |Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of| "GDP - purchasing power parity - $1.9 billion (1994 est.)" );; line 67729 (wfb::source-text national_product_real_growth_rate |Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of| "-15% (1994 est.)" );; line 67733 (wfb::source-text national_product_per_capita |Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of| "$900 (1994 est.)" );; line 67737 (wfb::source-text |Inflation rate (consumer prices)| |Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of| "54% (1994)" );; line 67741 (wfb::source-text unemployment_rate |Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of| "30% (1993 est.)" );; line 67745 (wfb::source-text budget |Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of| revenues "$NA" );; line 67750 (wfb::source-text budget |Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of| expenditures "$NA, including capital expenditures of $NA" );; line 67752 (wfb::source-text exports |Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of| "$1.06 billion (1993)" );; line 67756 (wfb::source-text exports |Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of| commodities "manufactured goods 40%, machinery and transport equipment 14%, miscellaneous manufactured articles 23%, raw materials 7.6%, food (rice) and live animals 5.7%, beverages and tobacco 4.5%, chemicals 4.7% (1990)" );; line 67758 (wfb::source-text exports |Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of| partners "principally Serbia and Montenegro and the other former Yugoslav republics, Germany, Greece, Albania" );; line 67762 (wfb::source-text imports |Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of| "$1.2 billion (1993)" );; line 67767 (wfb::source-text imports |Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of| commodities "fuels and lubricants 19%, manufactured goods 18%, machinery and transport equipment 15%, food and live animals 14%, chemicals 11.4%, raw materials 10%, miscellaneous manufactured articles 8.0%, beverages and tobacco 3.5% (1990)" );; line 67769 (wfb::source-text imports |Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of| partners "other former Yugoslav republics, Greece, Albania, Germany, Bulgaria" );; line 67774 (wfb::source-text external_debt |Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of| "$840 million (1992)" );; line 67779 (wfb::source-text industrial_production |Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of| "growth rate -14% (1993)" );; line 67783 (wfb::source-text electricity |Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of| capacity "1,600,000 kW" );; line 67788 (wfb::source-text electricity |Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of| production "NA kWh" );; line 67790 (wfb::source-text electricity |Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of| consumption_per_capita "NA kWh (1993)" );; line 67792 (wfb::source-text industry |Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of| "low levels of technology predominate, such as, oil refining by distillation only; produces basic liquid fuels, coal, metallic chromium, lead, zinc, and ferronickel; light industry produces basic textiles, wood products, and tobacco" );; line 67796 (wfb::source-text agriculture |Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of| "meets the basic needs for food; principal crops are rice, tobacco, wheat, corn, and millet; also grown are cotton, sesame, mulberry leaves, citrus fruit, and vegetables; agricultural production is highly labor intensive" );; line 67803 (wfb::source-text illicit_drugs |Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of| "limited illicit opium cultivation; transshipment point for Southwest Asian heroin" );; line 67810 (wfb::source-text economic_aid |Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of| recipient "US $10 million (for humanitarian and technical assistance)" );; line 67816 (wfb::source-text economic_aid |Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of| recipient "EC promised a 100 ECU million economic aid package (1993)" );; line 67817 (wfb::source-text currency |Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of| "the denar, which was adopted by the Macedonian legislature 26 April 1992, was initially issued in the form of a coupon pegged to the German mark; subsequently repegged to a basket of seven currencies" );; line 67821 (wfb::source-text exchange_rates |Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of| "denar per US$1 - 39 (November 1994), 865 (October 1992)" );; line 67827 (wfb::source-text fiscal_year |Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of| "calendar year" );; line 67831 (wfb::source-text railroads |Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of| total "922 km" );; line 67837 (wfb::source-text railroads |Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of| standard_gauge "922 km 1.435-m gauge (1994)" );; line 67839 (wfb::source-text highways |Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of| total "10,591 km" );; line 67844 (wfb::source-text highways |Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of| paved "5,091 km" );; line 67846 (wfb::source-text highways |Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of| unpaved "gravel 1,404 km; earth 4,096 km (1991)" );; line 67848 (wfb::source-text inland_waterways |Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of| "none, lake transport only" );; line 67852 (wfb::source-text pipelines |Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of| "none" );; line 67856 (wfb::source-text port |Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of| "none" );; line 67860 (wfb::source-text airports |Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of| total "16" );; line 67865 (wfb::source-text airports |Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of| |with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m| "2" );; line 67867 (wfb::source-text airports |Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of| with_paved_runways_under_914_m "11" );; line 67869 (wfb::source-text airports |Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of| |with unpaved runways 1,524 to 2,438 m| "1" );; line 67871 (wfb::source-text airports |Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of| |with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m| "2" );; line 67873 (wfb::source-text telephone_system |Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of| "125,000 telephones" );; line 67878 (wfb::source-text telephone_system |Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of| local "NA" );; line 67880 (wfb::source-text telephone_system |Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of| intercity "NA" );; line 67882 (wfb::source-text telephone_system |Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of| international "no satellite links" );; line 67884 (wfb::source-text radio |Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of| broadcast_stations "AM 6, FM 2, shortwave 0" );; line 67889 (wfb::source-text radio |Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of| radios "370,000" );; line 67891 (wfb::source-text television |Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of| broadcast_stations "5 (relays 2)" );; line 67896 (wfb::source-text television |Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of| televisions "325,000" );; line 67898 (wfb::source-text defense_branch |Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of| "Army, Police Force" );; line 67904 (wfb::source-text manpower_availability |Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of| "males age 15-49 585,403; males fit for military service 474,467; males reach military age (19) annually 19,693 (1995 est.)" );; line 67908 (wfb::source-text defense_expenditures |Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of| "7 billion denars, NA% of GNP (1993 est.); note - conversion of the military budget into US dollars using the prevailing exchange rate could produce misleading results" );; line 67913 (wfb::source-text location madagascar "Southern Africa, island in the Indian Ocean, east of Mozambique" );; line 67925 (wfb::source-text map_references madagascar "Africa" );; line 67929 (wfb::source-text area madagascar total_area "587,040 sq km" );; line 67934 (wfb::source-text area madagascar land_area "581,540 sq km" );; line 67936 (wfb::source-text area madagascar comparative_area "slightly less than twice the size of Arizona" );; line 67938 (wfb::source-text borders madagascar "0 km" );; line 67942 (wfb::source-text coastline madagascar "4,828 km" );; line 67946 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims madagascar contiguous_zone "24 nm" );; line 67951 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims madagascar continental_shelf "200 nm or 100 nm from the 2,500-m isobath" );; line 67953 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims madagascar exclusive_economic_zone "200 nm" );; line 67955 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims madagascar territorial_sea "12 nm" );; line 67957 (wfb::source-text international_disputes madagascar "claims Bassas da India, Europa Island, Glorioso Islands, Juan de Nova Island, and Tromelin Island (all administered by France)" );; line 67961 (wfb::source-text climate madagascar "tropical along coast, temperate inland, arid in south" );; line 67966 (wfb::source-text terrain madagascar "narrow coastal plain, high plateau and mountains in center" );; line 67970 (wfb::source-text natural-resource madagascar "graphite, chromite, coal, bauxite, salt, quartz, tar sands, semiprecious stones, mica, fish" );; line 67974 (wfb::source-text land_use madagascar arable_land "4%" );; line 67980 (wfb::source-text land_use madagascar permanent_crops "1%" );; line 67982 (wfb::source-text land_use madagascar meadows_and_pastures "58%" );; line 67984 (wfb::source-text land_use madagascar forest_and_woodland "26%" );; line 67986 (wfb::source-text land_use madagascar other "11%" );; line 67988 (wfb::source-text irrigated_land madagascar "9,000 sq km (1989 est.)" );; line 67992 (wfb::source-text environment madagascar current_issues "soil erosion results from deforestation and overgrazing; desertification; surface water contaminated with raw sewage and other organic wastes; several species of flora and fauna unique to the island are endangered" );; line 67997 (wfb::source-text environment madagascar natural_hazards "periodic cyclones" );; line 68001 (wfb::source-text environment madagascar international_agreements "party to - Endangered Species, Marine Life Conservation, Nuclear Test Ban; signed, but not ratified - Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Law of the Sea" );; line 68003 (wfb::source-text note madagascar "world's fourth-largest island; strategic location along Mozambique Channel" );; line 68009 (wfb::source-text population madagascar "13,862,325 (July 1995 est.)" );; line 68016 (wfb::source-text age_structure madagascar 0-14_years "47% (female 3,231,647; male 3,265,715)" );; line 68021 (wfb::source-text age_structure madagascar 15-64_years "50% (female 3,511,699; male 3,413,564)" );; line 68023 (wfb::source-text age_structure madagascar 65_years_and_over "3% (female 225,205; male 214,495) (July 1995 est.)" );; line 68025 (wfb::source-text population_growth_rate madagascar "3.18% (1995 est.)" );; line 68029 (wfb::source-text birth_rate madagascar "44.82 births/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 68033 (wfb::source-text death_rate madagascar "12.99 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 68037 (wfb::source-text net_migration_rate madagascar "0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 68041 (wfb::source-text infant_mortality_rate madagascar "86.9 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.)" );; line 68045 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth madagascar total_population "54.45 years" );; line 68050 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth madagascar male "52.47 years" );; line 68052 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth madagascar female "56.48 years (1995 est.)" );; line 68054 (wfb::source-text total_fertility_rate madagascar "6.62 children born/woman (1995 est.)" );; line 68058 (wfb::source-text nationality madagascar noun "Malagasy (singular and plural)" );; line 68063 (wfb::source-text nationality madagascar adjective "Malagasy" );; line 68065 (wfb::source-text ethnic-entity madagascar "Malayo-Indonesian (Merina and related Betsileo), Cotiers (mixed African, Malayo-Indonesian, and Arab ancestry - Betsimisaraka, Tsimihety, Antaisaka, Sakalava), French, Indian, Creole, Comoran" );; line 68069 (wfb::source-text religion madagascar "indigenous beliefs 52%, Christian 41%, Muslim 7%" );; line 68075 (wfb::source-text language madagascar "French (official), Malagasy (official)" );; line 68079 (wfb::source-text literacy madagascar "age 15 and over can read and write (1990 est.)" );; line 68083 (wfb::source-text literacy madagascar total_population "80%" );; line 68085 (wfb::source-text literacy madagascar male "88%" );; line 68087 (wfb::source-text literacy madagascar female "73%" );; line 68089 (wfb::source-text names madagascar conventional_long_form "Republic of Madagascar" );; line 68109 (wfb::source-text names madagascar conventional_short_form "Madagascar" );; line 68111 (wfb::source-text names madagascar local_long_form "Republique de Madagascar" );; line 68113 (wfb::source-text names madagascar local_short_form "Madagascar" );; line 68115 (wfb::source-text names madagascar former "Malagasy Republic" );; line 68117 (wfb::source-text digraph madagascar "MA" );; line 68121 (wfb::source-text type madagascar "republic" );; line 68125 (wfb::source-text capital madagascar "Antananarivo" );; line 68129 (wfb::source-text administrative_divisions madagascar "6 provinces; Antananarivo, Antsiranana, Fianarantsoa, Mahajanga, Toamasina, Toliary" );; line 68133 (wfb::source-text independence madagascar "26 June 1960 (from France)" );; line 68138 (wfb::source-text national_holiday madagascar "Independence Day, 26 June (1960)" );; line 68142 (wfb::source-text constitution madagascar "19 August 1992 by national referendum" );; line 68146 (wfb::source-text legal_system madagascar "based on French civil law system and traditional Malagasy law; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction" );; line 68150 (wfb::source-text suffrage madagascar "18 years of age; universal" );; line 68155 (wfb::source-text executive_branch madagascar chief_of_state "President Albert ZAFY (since 9 March 1993); election last held on 10 February 1993 (next to be held 1998); results - Albert ZAFY (UNDD), 67%; Didier RATSIRAKA (AREMA), 33%" );; line 68160 (wfb::source-text executive_branch madagascar head_of_government "Prime Minister Francisque RAVONY (since 9 August 1993)" );; line 68164 (wfb::source-text executive_branch madagascar cabinet "Council of Ministers; appointed by the prime minister" );; line 68166 (wfb::source-text legislative_structure madagascar "bicameral Parliament" );; line 68170 (wfb::source-text legislative_branch madagascar |Senate (Senat)| "two-thirds of upper house seats are to be filled from popularly elected regional assemblies; the remaining third is to be filled by presidential appointment; decentralization and formation of regional assemblies is not expected before 1997" );; line 68172 (wfb::source-text legislative_branch madagascar |National Assembly (Assemblee Nationale)| "elections last held on 16 June 1993 (next to be held June 1997); results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (138 total) CFV coalition 76, PMDM/MFM 16, CSCD 11, Famima 10, RPSD 7, various pro-Ratsiraka groups 10, others 8" );; line 68177 (wfb::source-text judicial_branch madagascar "Supreme Court (Cour Supreme), High Constitutional Court (Haute Cour Constitutionnelle)" );; line 68184 (wfb::source-text political_parties_and_leaders madagascar "Committee of Living Forces (CFV), an alliance of National Union for Development and Democracy (UNDD), Support Group for Democracy and Development in Madagascar (CSDDM), Action and Reflection Group for the Development of Madagascar (GRAD), Congress Party for Madagascar Independence - Renewal (AKFM-Fanavaozana), and some 12 other parties, trade unions, and religious groups; Militant Party for the Development of Madagascar (PMDM/MFM), formerly the Movement for Proletarian Power, Manandafy RAKOTONIRINA; Confederation of Civil Societies for Development (CSCD), Guy Willy RAZANAMASY; Association of United Malagasys (Famima); Rally for Social Democracy (RPSD), Pierre TSIRANANA" );; line 68189 (wfb::source-text other_political_or_pressure_groups madagascar "National Council of Christian Churches (FFKM); Federalist Movement" );; line 68201 (wfb::source-text member_of madagascar "ACCT, ACP, AfDB, CCC, ECA, FAO, G-77, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, ITU, NAM, OAU, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNMIH, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO" );; line 68206 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us madagascar chief_of_mission "Ambassador Pierrot Jocelyn RAJAONARIVELO" );; line 68214 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us madagascar chancery "2374 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008" );; line 68216 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us madagascar telephone "[1] (202) 265-5525, 5526" );; line 68218 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us madagascar |consulate(s) general| "New York" );; line 68220 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation madagascar chief_of_mission "Ambassador Dennis P. BARRETT" );; line 68225 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation madagascar embassy "14-16 Rue Rainitovo, Antsahavola, Antananarivo" );; line 68227 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation madagascar mailing_address "B. P. 620, Antananarivo" );; line 68229 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation madagascar telephone "[261] (2) 212-57, 200-89, 207-18" );; line 68231 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation madagascar fax "[261] (2) 345-39" );; line 68233 (wfb::source-text flag madagascar "two equal horizontal bands of red (top) and green with a vertical white band of the same width on hoist side" );; line 68237 (wfb::source-text overview madagascar "Madagascar is one of the poorest countries in the world, suffering from chronic malnutrition, underfunded health and education facilities, a 3% annual population growth rate, and severe loss of forest cover, accompanied by erosion. Agriculture, including fishing and forestry, is the mainstay of the economy, accounting for over 30% of GDP and contributing more than 70% of total export earnings. Industry is largely confined to the processing of agricultural products and textile manufacturing; in 1991 it accounted for only 13% of GDP. In 1986 the government introduced a five-year development plan that stressed self-sufficiency in food (mainly rice) by 1990, increased production for exports, and reduced energy imports. Subsequently, growth in output has been held back because of protracted antigovernment strikes and demonstrations for political reform. Since 1993, corruption and political instability have caused the economy and infrastructure to decay further. Since April 1994, the government commitment to economic reforms has been erratic. Enormous obstacles stand in the way of Madagascar's realizing its considerable growth potential." );; line 68243 (wfb::source-text national_product madagascar "GDP - purchasing power parity - $10.6 billion (1994 est.)" );; line 68262 (wfb::source-text national_product_real_growth_rate madagascar "2.8% (1994 est.)" );; line 68266 (wfb::source-text national_product_per_capita madagascar "$790 (1994 est.)" );; line 68270 (wfb::source-text |Inflation rate (consumer prices)| madagascar "35% (1994 est.)" );; line 68274 (wfb::source-text unemployment_rate madagascar "NA%" );; line 68278 (wfb::source-text budget madagascar revenues "$250 million" );; line 68283 (wfb::source-text budget madagascar expenditures "$265 million, including capital expenditures of $180 million (1991 est.)" );; line 68285 (wfb::source-text exports madagascar "$240 million (f.o.b., 1993 est.)" );; line 68290 (wfb::source-text exports madagascar commodities "coffee 45%, vanilla 20%, cloves 11%, shellfish, sugar, petroleum products" );; line 68292 (wfb::source-text exports madagascar partners "France, US, Germany, Japan, Russia" );; line 68295 (wfb::source-text imports madagascar "$510 million (f.o.b., 1993 est.)" );; line 68299 (wfb::source-text imports madagascar commodities "intermediate manufactures 30%, capital goods 28%, petroleum 15%, consumer goods 14%, food 13%" );; line 68301 (wfb::source-text imports madagascar partners "France, Germany, Japan, UK, Italy, Netherlands" );; line 68304 (wfb::source-text external_debt madagascar "$4.3 billion (1993 est.)" );; line 68308 (wfb::source-text industrial_production madagascar "growth rate 3.8% (1993 est.); accounts for 13% of GDP" );; line 68312 (wfb::source-text electricity madagascar capacity "220,000 kW" );; line 68317 (wfb::source-text electricity madagascar production "560 million kWh" );; line 68319 (wfb::source-text electricity madagascar consumption_per_capita "40 kWh (1993)" );; line 68321 (wfb::source-text industry madagascar "agricultural processing (meat canneries, soap factories, breweries, tanneries, sugar refining plants), light consumer goods industries (textiles, glassware), cement, automobile assembly plant, paper, petroleum" );; line 68325 (wfb::source-text agriculture madagascar "accounts for 31% of GDP; cash crops - coffee, vanilla, sugarcane, cloves, cocoa; food crops - rice, cassava, beans, bananas, peanuts; cattle raising widespread; almost self-sufficient in rice" );; line 68331 (wfb::source-text illicit_drugs madagascar "illicit producer of cannabis (cultivated and wild varieties) used mostly for domestic consumption" );; line 68337 (wfb::source-text economic_aid madagascar recipient "US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-89), $136 million; Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-89), $3.125 billion; Communist countries (1970-89), $491 million" );; line 68343 (wfb::source-text currency madagascar "1 Malagasy franc (FMG) = 100 centimes" );; line 68349 (wfb::source-text exchange_rates madagascar "Malagasy francs (FMG) per US$1 - 3,718.0 (November 1994), 1,913.8 (1993), 1,864.0 (1992), 1,835.4 (1991), 1,454.6 (December 1990)" );; line 68353 (wfb::source-text fiscal_year madagascar "calendar year" );; line 68358 (wfb::source-text railroads madagascar total "1,020 km" );; line 68364 (wfb::source-text railroads madagascar narrow_gauge "1,020 km 1.000-m gauge" );; line 68366 (wfb::source-text highways madagascar total "40,000 km" );; line 68371 (wfb::source-text highways madagascar paved "4,694 km" );; line 68373 (wfb::source-text highways madagascar unpaved "gravel, crushed stone, stabilized earth 811 km; other earth 34,495 km (est.)" );; line 68375 (wfb::source-text inland_waterways madagascar "of local importance only; isolated streams and small portions of Canal des Pangalanes" );; line 68380 (wfb::source-text port madagascar "Antsiranana, Mahajanga, Port Saint-Louis, Toamasina, Toliaria" );; line 68385 (wfb::source-text merchant_marine madagascar total "10 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 20,261 GRT/28,193 DWT" );; line 68390 (wfb::source-text merchant_marine madagascar ships_by_type "cargo 5, chemical tanker 1, liquefied gas tanker 1, oil tanker 1, roll-on/roll-off cargo 2" );; line 68392 (wfb::source-text airports madagascar total "138" );; line 68398 (wfb::source-text airports madagascar |with paved runways over 3,047 m| "1" );; line 68400 (wfb::source-text airports madagascar |with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m| "2" );; line 68402 (wfb::source-text airports madagascar |with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m| "3" );; line 68404 (wfb::source-text airports madagascar |with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m| "21" );; line 68406 (wfb::source-text airports madagascar with_paved_runways_under_914_m "42" );; line 68408 (wfb::source-text airports madagascar |with unpaved runways 1,524 to 2,438 m| "5" );; line 68410 (wfb::source-text airports madagascar |with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m| "64" );; line 68412 (wfb::source-text telephone_system madagascar "NA telephones; above average system" );; line 68417 (wfb::source-text telephone_system madagascar local "NA" );; line 68419 (wfb::source-text telephone_system madagascar intercity "open-wire lines, coaxial cables, microwave radio relay, and tropospheric scatter links" );; line 68421 (wfb::source-text telephone_system madagascar international "submarine cable to Bahrain; 1 earth station for Indian Ocean INTELSAT" );; line 68424 (wfb::source-text radio madagascar broadcast_stations "AM 17, FM 3, shortwave 0" );; line 68430 (wfb::source-text radio madagascar radios "NA" );; line 68432 (wfb::source-text television madagascar broadcast_stations "1 (repeaters 36)" );; line 68437 (wfb::source-text television madagascar televisions "NA" );; line 68439 (wfb::source-text defense_branch madagascar "Popular Armed Forces (includes Intervention Forces, Development Forces, Aeronaval Forces - includes Navy and Air Force), Gendarmerie, Presidential Security Regiment" );; line 68445 (wfb::source-text manpower_availability madagascar "males age 15-49 3,027,156; males fit for military service 1,800,127; males reach military age (20) annually 130,071 (1995 est.)" );; line 68451 (wfb::source-text defense_expenditures madagascar "exchange rate conversion - $35 million, 1.3% of GDP (1991)" );; line 68456 (wfb::source-text location malawi "Southern Africa, east of Zambia" );; line 68466 (wfb::source-text map_references malawi "Africa" );; line 68470 (wfb::source-text area malawi total_area "118,480 sq km" );; line 68475 (wfb::source-text area malawi land_area "94,080 sq km" );; line 68477 (wfb::source-text area malawi comparative_area "slightly larger than Pennsylvania" );; line 68479 (wfb::source-text borders malawi "total 2,881 km, Mozambique 1,569 km, Tanzania 475 km, Zambia 837 km" );; line 68483 (wfb::source-text coastline malawi "0 km (landlocked)" );; line 68488 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims malawi "none; landlocked" );; line 68492 (wfb::source-text international_disputes malawi "dispute with Tanzania over the boundary in Lake Nyasa (Lake Malawi)" );; line 68496 (wfb::source-text climate malawi "tropical; rainy season (November to May); dry season (May to November)" );; line 68501 (wfb::source-text terrain malawi "narrow elongated plateau with rolling plains, rounded hills, some mountains" );; line 68506 (wfb::source-text natural-resource malawi "limestone, unexploited deposits of uranium, coal, and bauxite" );; line 68511 (wfb::source-text land_use malawi arable_land "25%" );; line 68516 (wfb::source-text land_use malawi permanent_crops "0%" );; line 68518 (wfb::source-text land_use malawi meadows_and_pastures "20%" );; line 68520 (wfb::source-text land_use malawi forest_and_woodland "50%" );; line 68522 (wfb::source-text land_use malawi other "5%" );; line 68524 (wfb::source-text irrigated_land malawi "200 sq km (1989 est.)" );; line 68528 (wfb::source-text environment malawi current_issues "deforestation; land degradation; water pollution from agricultural runoff, sewage, industrial wastes; siltation of spawning grounds endangers fish population" );; line 68533 (wfb::source-text environment malawi natural_hazards "NA" );; line 68537 (wfb::source-text environment malawi international_agreements "party to - Biodiversity, Climate Change, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Marine Life Conservation, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection; signed, but not ratified - Law of the Sea" );; line 68539 (wfb::source-text note malawi "landlocked" );; line 68545 (wfb::source-text population malawi "9,808,384 (July 1995 est.)" );; line 68551 (wfb::source-text age_structure malawi 0-14_years "48% (female 2,361,309; male 2,384,679)" );; line 68556 (wfb::source-text age_structure malawi 15-64_years "49% (female 2,479,108; male 2,335,729)" );; line 68558 (wfb::source-text age_structure malawi 65_years_and_over "3% (female 139,632; male 107,927) (July 1995 est.)" );; line 68560 (wfb::source-text population_growth_rate malawi "2.63% (1995 est.)" );; line 68564 (wfb::source-text birth_rate malawi "49.81 births/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 68568 (wfb::source-text death_rate malawi "23.53 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 68572 (wfb::source-text net_migration_rate malawi "NA migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 68576 (wfb::source-text infant_mortality_rate malawi "140.2 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.)" );; line 68583 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth malawi total_population "39.01 years" );; line 68588 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth malawi male "38.28 years" );; line 68590 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth malawi female "39.76 years (1995 est.)" );; line 68592 (wfb::source-text total_fertility_rate malawi "7.36 children born/woman (1995 est.)" );; line 68596 (wfb::source-text nationality malawi noun "Malawian(s)" );; line 68601 (wfb::source-text nationality malawi adjective "Malawian" );; line 68603 (wfb::source-text ethnic-entity malawi "Chewa, Nyanja, Tumbuko, Yao, Lomwe, Sena, Tonga, Ngoni, Ngonde, Asian, European" );; line 68607 (wfb::source-text religion malawi "Protestant 55%, Roman Catholic 20%, Muslim 20%, traditional indigenous beliefs" );; line 68612 (wfb::source-text language malawi "English (official), Chichewa (official), other languages important regionally" );; line 68617 (wfb::source-text literacy malawi "age 15 and over can read and write (1987)" );; line 68622 (wfb::source-text literacy malawi total_population "48%" );; line 68624 (wfb::source-text literacy malawi male "65%" );; line 68626 (wfb::source-text literacy malawi female "34%" );; line 68628 (wfb::source-text total_labor_force malawi "428,000 wage earners" );; line 68632 (wfb::source-text labor_force_by_occupation malawi by_occupation "agriculture 43%, manufacturing 16%, personal services 15%, commerce 9%, construction 7%, miscellaneous services 4%, other permanently employed 6% (1986)" );; line 68634 (wfb::source-text names malawi conventional_long_form "Republic of Malawi" );; line 68642 (wfb::source-text names malawi conventional_short_form "Malawi" );; line 68644 (wfb::source-text names malawi former "Nyasaland" );; line 68646 (wfb::source-text digraph malawi "MI" );; line 68650 (wfb::source-text type malawi "multiparty democracy following a referendum on 14 June 1993; formerly a one-party republic" );; line 68654 (wfb::source-text capital malawi "Lilongwe" );; line 68659 (wfb::source-text administrative_divisions malawi "24 districts; Blantyre, Chikwawa, Chiradzulu, Chitipa, Dedza, Dowa, Karonga, Kasungu, Lilongwe, Machinga (Kasupe), Mangochi, Mchinji, Mulanje, Mwanza, Mzimba, Ntcheu, Nkhata Bay, Nkhotakota, Nsanje, Ntchisi, Rumphi, Salima, Thyolo, Zomba" );; line 68663 (wfb::source-text independence malawi "6 July 1964 (from UK)" );; line 68670 (wfb::source-text national_holiday malawi "Independence Day, 6 July (1964)" );; line 68674 (wfb::source-text constitution malawi "6 July 1966; republished as amended January 1974" );; line 68678 (wfb::source-text legal_system malawi "based on English common law and customary law; judicial review of legislative acts in the Supreme Court of Appeal; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction" );; line 68682 (wfb::source-text suffrage malawi "21 years of age; universal" );; line 68688 (wfb::source-text executive_branch malawi chief_of_state_and_head_of_government "President Bakili MULUZI (since 21 May 1994), leader of the United Democratic Front" );; line 68693 (wfb::source-text executive_branch malawi cabinet "Cabinet; named by the president" );; line 68696 (wfb::source-text legislative_structure malawi "unicameral" );; line 68700 (wfb::source-text legislative_branch malawi national_assembly "elections last held 17 May 1994 (next to be held 1999); results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (177 total) UDF 84, AFORD 33, MCP 55, others 5" );; line 68702 (wfb::source-text judicial_branch malawi "High Court, Supreme Court of Appeal" );; line 68708 (wfb::source-text political_parties_and_leaders malawi ruling_party "United Democratic Front (UDF), Bakili MULUZI" );; line 68713 (wfb::source-text political_parties_and_leaders malawi opposition_groups "Malawi Congress Party (MCP), Gwanda CHAKUAMBA Phiri, secretary general (top party position); Alliance for Democracy (AFORD), Chakufwa CHIHANA; Socialist League of Malawi (Lesoma), Kapote MWAKUSULA, secretary general; Malawi Democratic Union (MDU), Harry BWANAUSI; Congress for the Second Republic (CSR), Kanyama CHIUME; Malawi Socialist Labor Party (MSLP), Stanford SAMBANEMANJA" );; line 68715 (wfb::source-text member_of malawi "ACP, AfDB, C, CCC, ECA, FAO, G-77, GATT, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, ISO (correspondent), ITU, NAM, OAU, SADC, UN, UNAMIR, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO" );; line 68724 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us malawi chief_of_mission "(vacant); Charge d'Affaires ad interim Patrick NYASULU (since 14 October 1994)" );; line 68732 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us malawi chancery "2408 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008" );; line 68735 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us malawi telephone "[1] (202) 797-1007" );; line 68737 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation malawi chief_of_mission "Ambassador Peter R. CHAVEAS" );; line 68742 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation malawi embassy "address NA, in new capital city development area in Lilongwe" );; line 68744 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation malawi mailing_address "P. O. Box 30016, Lilongwe 3, Malawi" );; line 68746 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation malawi telephone "[265] 783 166" );; line 68748 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation malawi fax "[265] 780 471" );; line 68750 (wfb::source-text flag malawi "three equal horizontal bands of black (top), red, and green with a radiant, rising, red sun centered in the black band; similar to the flag of Afghanistan, which is longer and has the national coat of arms superimposed on the hoist side of the black and red bands" );; line 68754 (wfb::source-text overview malawi "Landlocked Malawi ranks among the world's least developed countries. The economy is predominately agricultural, with about 90% of the population living in rural areas. Agriculture accounts for 40% of GDP and 90% of export revenues. After two years of weak performance, economic growth improved significantly in 1988-91 as a result of good weather and a broadly based economic adjustment effort by the government. Drought cut overall output sharply in 1992, but the lost ground was recovered in 1993. The economy depends on substantial inflows of economic assistance from the IMF, the World Bank, and individual donor nations. The new government faces strong challenges, e.g., to spur exports, to improve educational and health facilities, and to deal with environmental problems of deforestation and erosion." );; line 68762 (wfb::source-text national_product malawi "GDP - purchasing power parity - $7.3 billion (1994 est.)" );; line 68776 (wfb::source-text national_product_real_growth_rate malawi "9.3% (1994 est.)" );; line 68780 (wfb::source-text national_product_per_capita malawi "$750 (1994 est.)" );; line 68784 (wfb::source-text |Inflation rate (consumer prices)| malawi "30% (1994 est.)" );; line 68788 (wfb::source-text unemployment_rate malawi "NA%" );; line 68792 (wfb::source-text budget malawi revenues "$416 million" );; line 68797 (wfb::source-text budget malawi expenditures "$498 million, including capital expenditures of $NA (1992 est.)" );; line 68799 (wfb::source-text exports malawi "$311 million (f.o.b., 1993 est.)" );; line 68803 (wfb::source-text exports malawi commodities "tobacco, tea, sugar, coffee, peanuts, wood products" );; line 68805 (wfb::source-text exports malawi partners "US, UK, Zambia, South Africa, Germany" );; line 68807 (wfb::source-text imports malawi "$308 million (c.i.f., 1993 est.)" );; line 68811 (wfb::source-text imports malawi commodities "food, petroleum products, semimanufactures, consumer goods, transportation equipment" );; line 68813 (wfb::source-text imports malawi partners "South Africa, Japan, US, UK, Zimbabwe" );; line 68816 (wfb::source-text external_debt malawi "$1.8 billion (December 1993 est.)" );; line 68820 (wfb::source-text industrial_production malawi "growth rate 3.5% accounts for about 15% of GDP (1992 est.)" );; line 68824 (wfb::source-text electricity malawi capacity "190,000 kW" );; line 68829 (wfb::source-text electricity malawi production "820 million kWh" );; line 68831 (wfb::source-text electricity malawi consumption_per_capita "77 kWh (1993)" );; line 68833 (wfb::source-text industry malawi "agricultural processing (tea, tobacco, sugar), sawmilling, cement, consumer goods" );; line 68837 (wfb::source-text agriculture malawi "accounts for 40% of GDP; cash crops - tobacco, sugarcane, cotton, tea, and corn; subsistence crops - potatoes, cassava, sorghum, pulses; livestock - cattle, goats" );; line 68842 (wfb::source-text economic_aid malawi recipient "US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-89), $215 million; Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-89), $2.15 billion" );; line 68849 (wfb::source-text currency malawi "1 Malawian kwacha (MK) = 100 tambala" );; line 68854 (wfb::source-text exchange_rates malawi "Malawian kwacha (MK) per US$1 - 7.8358 (August 1994), 4.4028 (1993), 3.6033 (1992), 2.8033 (1991), 2.7289 (1990), 2.7595 (1989)" );; line 68858 (wfb::source-text fiscal_year malawi "1 April - 31 March" );; line 68863 (wfb::source-text railroads malawi total "789 km" );; line 68869 (wfb::source-text railroads malawi narrow_gauge "789 km 1.067-m gauge" );; line 68871 (wfb::source-text highways malawi total "13,135 km" );; line 68876 (wfb::source-text highways malawi paved "2,364 km" );; line 68878 (wfb::source-text highways malawi unpaved "gravel, crushed stone, stabilized earth 251 km; earth, improved earth 10,520 km" );; line 68880 (wfb::source-text inland_waterways malawi "Lake Nyasa (Lake Malawi); Shire River, 144 km" );; line 68885 (wfb::source-text port malawi "Chipoka, Monkey Bay, Nkhata Bay, Nkotakota" );; line 68889 (wfb::source-text airports malawi total "47" );; line 68894 (wfb::source-text airports malawi |with paved runways over 3,047 m| "1" );; line 68896 (wfb::source-text airports malawi |with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m| "1" );; line 68898 (wfb::source-text airports malawi |with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m| "4" );; line 68900 (wfb::source-text airports malawi with_paved_runways_under_914_m "25" );; line 68902 (wfb::source-text airports malawi |with unpaved runways 1,524 to 2,438 m| "1" );; line 68904 (wfb::source-text airports malawi |with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m| "15" );; line 68906 (wfb::source-text telephone_system malawi "42,250 telephones" );; line 68911 (wfb::source-text telephone_system malawi local "NA" );; line 68913 (wfb::source-text telephone_system malawi intercity "fair system of open-wire lines, radio relay links, and radio communications stations" );; line 68915 (wfb::source-text telephone_system malawi international "2 INTELSAT (1 Indian Ocean and 1 Atlantic Ocean ) earth stations" );; line 68918 (wfb::source-text radio malawi broadcast_stations "AM 10, FM 17, shortwave 0" );; line 68923 (wfb::source-text radio malawi radios "NA" );; line 68925 (wfb::source-text television malawi broadcast_stations "0" );; line 68930 (wfb::source-text television malawi televisions "NA" );; line 68932 (wfb::source-text defense_branch malawi "Army (includes Air Wing and Naval Detachment), Police (includes paramilitary Mobile Force Unit), paramilitary Malawi Young Pioneers" );; line 68938 (wfb::source-text manpower_availability malawi "males age 15-49 2,069,302; males fit for military service 1,056,372 (1995 est.)" );; line 68943 (wfb::source-text defense_expenditures malawi "exchange rate conversion - $13 million, 0.7% of GDP (FY93/94)" );; line 68948 (wfb::source-text location malaysia "Southeastern Asia, peninsula and northern one-third of the island of Borneo bordering the Java Sea and the South China Sea, south of Vietnam" );; line 68958 (wfb::source-text map_references malaysia "Southeast Asia" );; line 68964 (wfb::source-text area malaysia total_area "329,750 sq km" );; line 68969 (wfb::source-text area malaysia land_area "328,550 sq km" );; line 68971 (wfb::source-text area malaysia comparative_area "slightly larger than New Mexico" );; line 68973 (wfb::source-text borders malaysia "total 2,669 km, Brunei 381 km, Indonesia 1,782 km, Thailand 506 km" );; line 68977 (wfb::source-text coastline malaysia "4,675 km (Peninsular Malaysia 2,068 km, East Malaysia 2,607 km)" );; line 68982 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims malaysia continental_shelf "200-m depth or to depth of exploitation; specified boundary in the South China Sea" );; line 68987 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims malaysia exclusive_fishing_zone "200 nm" );; line 68990 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims malaysia exclusive_economic_zone "200 nm" );; line 68992 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims malaysia territorial_sea "12 nm" );; line 68994 (wfb::source-text international_disputes malaysia "involved in a complex dispute over the Spratly Islands with China, Philippines, Taiwan, Vietnam, and possibly Brunei; State of Sabah claimed by the Philippines; Brunei may wish to purchase the Malaysian salient that divides Brunei into two parts; two islands in dispute with Singapore; two islands in dispute with Indonesia" );; line 68998 (wfb::source-text climate malaysia "tropical; annual southwest (April to October) and northeast (October to February) monsoons" );; line 69006 (wfb::source-text terrain malaysia "coastal plains rising to hills and mountains" );; line 69011 (wfb::source-text natural-resource malaysia "tin, petroleum, timber, copper, iron ore, natural gas, bauxite" );; line 69015 (wfb::source-text land_use malaysia arable_land "3%" );; line 69020 (wfb::source-text land_use malaysia permanent_crops "10%" );; line 69022 (wfb::source-text land_use malaysia meadows_and_pastures "0%" );; line 69024 (wfb::source-text land_use malaysia forest_and_woodland "63%" );; line 69026 (wfb::source-text land_use malaysia other "24%" );; line 69028 (wfb::source-text irrigated_land malaysia "3,420 sq km (1989 est.)" );; line 69032 (wfb::source-text environment malaysia current_issues "air pollution from industrial and vehicular emissions; water pollution from raw sewage; deforestation" );; line 69037 (wfb::source-text environment malaysia natural_hazards "flooding" );; line 69040 (wfb::source-text environment malaysia international_agreements "party to - Biodiversity, Climate Change, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Marine Life Conservation, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Tropical Timber 83; signed, but not ratified - Law of the Sea" );; line 69042 (wfb::source-text note malaysia "strategic location along Strait of Malacca and southern South China Sea" );; line 69048 (wfb::source-text population malaysia "19,723,587 (July 1995 est.)" );; line 69055 (wfb::source-text age_structure malaysia 0-14_years "37% (female 3,559,434; male 3,690,310)" );; line 69060 (wfb::source-text age_structure malaysia 15-64_years "59% (female 5,871,131; male 5,844,568)" );; line 69062 (wfb::source-text age_structure malaysia 65_years_and_over "4% (female 423,539; male 334,605) (July 1995 est.)" );; line 69064 (wfb::source-text population_growth_rate malaysia "2.24% (1995 est.)" );; line 69068 (wfb::source-text birth_rate malaysia "27.95 births/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 69072 (wfb::source-text death_rate malaysia "5.56 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 69076 (wfb::source-text net_migration_rate malaysia "0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 69080 (wfb::source-text infant_mortality_rate malaysia "24.7 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.)" );; line 69084 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth malaysia total_population "69.48 years" );; line 69089 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth malaysia male "66.55 years" );; line 69091 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth malaysia female "72.56 years (1995 est.)" );; line 69093 (wfb::source-text total_fertility_rate malaysia "3.47 children born/woman (1995 est.)" );; line 69097 (wfb::source-text nationality malaysia noun "Malaysian(s)" );; line 69102 (wfb::source-text nationality malaysia adjective "Malaysian" );; line 69104 (wfb::source-text ethnic-entity malaysia "Malay and other indigenous 59%, Chinese 32%, Indian 9%" );; line 69108 (wfb::source-text religion malaysia peninsular_malaysia "Muslim (Malays), Buddhist (Chinese), Hindu (Indians)" );; line 69113 (wfb::source-text religion malaysia sabah "Muslim 38%, Christian 17%, other 45%" );; line 69115 (wfb::source-text religion malaysia sarawak "tribal religion 35%, Buddhist and Confucianist 24%, Muslim 20%, Christian 16%, other 5%" );; line 69117 (wfb::source-text language malaysia peninsular_malaysia "Malay (official), English, Chinese dialects, Tamil" );; line 69123 (wfb::source-text language malaysia sabah "English, Malay, numerous tribal dialects, Chinese (Mandarin and Hakka dialects predominate)" );; line 69125 (wfb::source-text language malaysia sarawak "English, Malay, Mandarin, numerous tribal languages" );; line 69128 (wfb::source-text language malaysia sarawak "*** No data for this item ***" );; line 69129 (wfb::source-text literacy malaysia "age 15 and over can read and write (1990 est.)" );; line 69133 (wfb::source-text literacy malaysia total_population "78%" );; line 69135 (wfb::source-text literacy malaysia male "86%" );; line 69137 (wfb::source-text literacy malaysia female "70%" );; line 69139 (wfb::source-text total_labor_force malaysia "7.627 million (1993)" );; line 69143 (wfb::source-text names malaysia conventional_long_form "none" );; line 69149 (wfb::source-text names malaysia conventional_short_form "Malaysia" );; line 69151 (wfb::source-text names malaysia former "Malayan Union" );; line 69153 (wfb::source-text digraph malaysia "MY" );; line 69157 (wfb::source-text type malaysia "constitutional monarchy" );; line 69161 (wfb::source-text capital malaysia "Kuala Lumpur" );; line 69177 (wfb::source-text administrative_divisions malaysia "13 states (negeri-negeri, singular - negeri) and 2 federal territories* (wilayah-wilayah persekutuan, singular - wilayah persekutuan); Johor, Kedah, Kelantan, Labuan*, Melaka, Negeri Sembilan, Pahang, Perak, Perlis, Pulau Pinang, Sabah, Sarawak, Selangor, Terengganu, Wilayah Persekutuan*" );; line 69181 (wfb::source-text independence malaysia "31 August 1957 (from UK)" );; line 69188 (wfb::source-text national_holiday malaysia "National Day, 31 August (1957)" );; line 69192 (wfb::source-text constitution malaysia "31 August 1957, amended 16 September 1963" );; line 69196 (wfb::source-text legal_system malaysia "based on English common law; judicial review of legislative acts in the Supreme Court at request of supreme head of the federation; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction" );; line 69200 (wfb::source-text suffrage malaysia "21 years of age; universal" );; line 69206 (wfb::source-text executive_branch malaysia chief_of_state "Paramount Ruler JA'AFAR ibni Abdul Rahman (since 26 April 1994); Deputy Paramount Ruler SALAHUDDIN ibni Hisammuddin Alam Shah (since 26 April 1994)" );; line 69211 (wfb::source-text executive_branch malaysia head_of_government "Prime Minister Dr. MAHATHIR bin Mohamad (since 16 July 1981); Deputy Prime Minister ANWAR bin Ibrahim (since 1 December 1993)" );; line 69215 (wfb::source-text executive_branch malaysia cabinet "Cabinet; appointed by the Paramount Ruler from members of parliament" );; line 69218 (wfb::source-text legislative_structure malaysia "bicameral Parliament (Parlimen)" );; line 69223 (wfb::source-text legislative_branch malaysia |Senate (Dewan Negara)| "consists of 58 members, 32 appointed by the paramount ruler and 26 elected by the state legislatures (2 from each state) for six-year terms; elections last held NA (next to be held NA); results - NA" );; line 69225 (wfb::source-text legislative_branch malaysia |House of Representatives (Dewan Rakyat)| "consists of 180 members, elected for five-year terms; elections last held 21 October 1990 (next to be held by December 1995); results - National Front 52%, other 48%; seats - (180 total) National Front 127, DAP 20, PAS 7, independents 4, other 22; note - within the National Front, UMNO won 71 seats and MCA won 18 seats" );; line 69229 (wfb::source-text judicial_branch malaysia "Supreme Court" );; line 69237 (wfb::source-text political_parties_and_leaders malaysia peninsular_malaysia "National Front, a confederation of 13 political parties dominated by United Malays National Organization Baru (UMNO Baru), MAHATHIR bin Mohamad; Malaysian Chinese Association (MCA), LING Liong Sik; Gerakan Rakyat Malaysia, LIM Keng Yaik; Malaysian Indian Congress (MIC), S. Samy VELLU" );; line 69242 (wfb::source-text political_parties_and_leaders malaysia sabah "National Front, SALLEH Said Keruak, Sabah Chief Minister, Sakaran DANDAI, head of Sabah State; United Sabah National Organizaton (USNO), leader NA" );; line 69247 (wfb::source-text political_parties_and_leaders malaysia sarawak "coalition Sarawak National Front composed of the Party Pesaka Bumiputra Bersatu (PBB), Datuk Patinggi Amar Haji Abdul TAIB Mahmud; Sarawak United People's Party (SUPP), Datuk Amar James WONG Soon Kai; Sarawak National Party (SNAP), Datuk Amar James WONG; Parti Bansa Dayak Sarawak (PBDS), Datuk Leo MOGGIE; major opposition parties are Democratic Action Party (DAP), LIM Kit Siang and Pan-Malaysian Islamic Party (PAS), Fadzil NOOR" );; line 69251 (wfb::source-text member_of malaysia "APEC, AsDB, ASEAN, C, CCC, CP, ESCAP, FAO, G-15, G-77, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, INMARSAT, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, ISO, ITU, MINURSO, NAM, OIC, UN, UNAVEM II, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNIKOM, UNOMIL, UNOMOZ, UNOSOM, UNPROFOR, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO" );; line 69260 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us malaysia chief_of_mission "Ambassador Abdul MAJID bin Mohamed" );; line 69269 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us malaysia chancery "2401 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008" );; line 69271 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us malaysia telephone "[1] (202) 328-2700" );; line 69273 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us malaysia fax "[1] (202) 483-7661" );; line 69275 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us malaysia |consulate(s) general| "Los Angeles and New York" );; line 69277 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation malaysia chief_of_mission "Ambassador John S. WOLF" );; line 69282 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation malaysia embassy "376 Jalan Tun Razak, 50400 Kuala Lumpur" );; line 69284 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation malaysia mailing_address "P. O. Box No. 10035, 50700 Kuala Lumpur; APO AP 96535-8152" );; line 69286 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation malaysia telephone "[60] (3) 2489011" );; line 69288 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation malaysia fax "[60] (3) 2422207" );; line 69290 (wfb::source-text flag malaysia "fourteen equal horizontal stripes of red (top) alternating with white (bottom); there is a blue rectangle in the upper hoist-side corner bearing a yellow crescent and a yellow fourteen-pointed star; the crescent and the star are traditional symbols of Islam; the design was based on the flag of the US" );; line 69294 (wfb::source-text overview malaysia "The Malaysian economy, a mixture of private enterprise and a soundly managed public sector, has posted a remarkable record of 9% average annual growth in 1988-94. The official growth target for 1995 is 8.5%. This growth has resulted in a substantial reduction in poverty and a marked rise in real wages. Manufactured goods exports expanded rapidly, and foreign investors continued to commit large sums in the economy. The government is aware of the inflationary potential of this rapid development and is closely monitoring fiscal and monetary policies." );; line 69303 (wfb::source-text national_product malaysia "GDP - purchasing power parity - $166.8 billion (1994 est.)" );; line 69314 (wfb::source-text national_product_real_growth_rate malaysia "8.7% (1994)" );; line 69318 (wfb::source-text national_product_per_capita malaysia "$8,650 (1994 est.)" );; line 69322 (wfb::source-text |Inflation rate (consumer prices)| malaysia "3.7% (1994)" );; line 69326 (wfb::source-text unemployment_rate malaysia "2.9% (1994)" );; line 69330 (wfb::source-text budget malaysia revenues "$18.7 billion" );; line 69335 (wfb::source-text budget malaysia expenditures "$19.1 billion, including capital expenditures of $4.8 billion (1994)" );; line 69337 (wfb::source-text exports malaysia "$56.6 billion (f.o.b., 1994)" );; line 69342 (wfb::source-text exports malaysia commodities "electronic equipment, petroleum and petroleum products, palm oil, wood and wood products, rubber, textiles" );; line 69344 (wfb::source-text exports malaysia partners "Singapore 22%, US 20%, Japan 13%, UK 4%, Germany 4%, Thailand 4% (1993)" );; line 69347 (wfb::source-text imports malaysia "$55.2 billion (c.i.f., 1994)" );; line 69352 (wfb::source-text imports malaysia commodities "machinery and equipment, chemicals, food, petroleum products" );; line 69354 (wfb::source-text imports malaysia partners "Japan 27%, US 17%, Singapore 15%, Taiwan 5%, Germany 4%, UK 3%, South Korea 3% (1993)" );; line 69356 (wfb::source-text external_debt malaysia "$35.5 billion (1994 est.)" );; line 69361 (wfb::source-text industrial_production malaysia "growth rate 12% (1994); accounts for 38% of GDP (1993 est.)" );; line 69365 (wfb::source-text electricity malaysia capacity "6,700,000 kW" );; line 69370 (wfb::source-text electricity malaysia production "31 billion kWh" );; line 69372 (wfb::source-text electricity malaysia consumption_per_capita "1,528 kWh (1993)" );; line 69374 (wfb::source-text industry malaysia peninsular_malaysia "rubber and oil palm processing and manufacturing, light manufacturing industry, electronics, tin mining and smelting, logging and processing timber" );; line 69379 (wfb::source-text industry malaysia sabah "logging, petroleum production" );; line 69383 (wfb::source-text industry malaysia sarawak "agriculture processing, petroleum production and refining, logging" );; line 69385 (wfb::source-text agriculture malaysia "accounts for 16% of GDP (1993 est.)" );; line 69390 (wfb::source-text agriculture malaysia peninsular_malaysia "natural rubber, palm oil, rice" );; line 69392 (wfb::source-text agriculture malaysia sabah "mainly subsistence, but also rubber, timber, coconut, rice" );; line 69394 (wfb::source-text agriculture malaysia sarawak "rubber, timber, pepper; deficit of rice in all areas" );; line 69396 (wfb::source-text illicit_drugs malaysia "transit point for Golden Triangle heroin going to the US, Western Europe, and the Third World despite severe penalties for drug trafficking; increasing indigenous abuse of methamphetamine" );; line 69400 (wfb::source-text economic_aid malaysia recipient "US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-84), $170 million; Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-89), $4.7 million; OPEC bilateral aid (1979-89), $42 million" );; line 69407 (wfb::source-text currency malaysia "1 ringgit (M$) = 100 sen" );; line 69413 (wfb::source-text exchange_rates malaysia "ringgits (M$) per US$1 - 2.5542 (January 1995), 2.6242 (1994), 2.5741 (1993), 2.5474 (1992), 2.7501 (1991), 1.7048 (1990)" );; line 69417 (wfb::source-text fiscal_year malaysia "calendar year" );; line 69422 (wfb::source-text railroads malaysia total "1,801 km (Peninsular Malaysia 1,665 km; Sabah 136 km; Sarawak 0 km)" );; line 69428 (wfb::source-text railroads malaysia narrow_gauge "1,801 km 1.000-m gauge (Peninsular Malaysia 1,665 km; Sabah 136 km)" );; line 69431 (wfb::source-text highways malaysia total "29,028 km (Peninsular Malaysia 23,602 km, Sabah 3,782 km, Sarawak 1,644 km)" );; line 69437 (wfb::source-text highways malaysia paved "NA (Peninsular Malaysia 19,354 km mostly bituminous treated)" );; line 69440 (wfb::source-text highways malaysia unpaved "NA (Peninsular Malaysia 4,248 km)" );; line 69442 (wfb::source-text inland_waterways malaysia peninsular_malaysia "3,209 km" );; line 69447 (wfb::source-text inland_waterways malaysia sabah "1,569 km" );; line 69449 (wfb::source-text inland_waterways malaysia sarawak "2,518 km" );; line 69451 (wfb::source-text pipelines malaysia "crude oil 1,307 km; natural gas 379 km" );; line 69455 (wfb::source-text port malaysia "Kota Kinabalu, Kuantan, Kuching, Kudat, Lahad Datu, Labuan, Lumut, Miri, Pasir Gudang, Penang, Port Dickson, Port Kelang, Sandakan, Sibu, Tanjong Berhala, Tanjong Kidurong, Tawau" );; line 69459 (wfb::source-text merchant_marine malaysia total "213 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 2,410,823 GRT/3,635,966 DWT" );; line 69466 (wfb::source-text merchant_marine malaysia ships_by_type "bulk 34, cargo 73, chemical tanker 11, container 27, liquefied gas tanker 9, livestock carrier 1, oil tanker 50, roll-on/roll-off cargo 4, short-sea passenger 1, vehicle carrier 3" );; line 69469 (wfb::source-text airports malaysia total "115" );; line 69476 (wfb::source-text airports malaysia |with paved runways over 3,047 m| "3" );; line 69478 (wfb::source-text airports malaysia |with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m| "5" );; line 69480 (wfb::source-text airports malaysia |with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m| "11" );; line 69482 (wfb::source-text airports malaysia |with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m| "6" );; line 69484 (wfb::source-text airports malaysia with_paved_runways_under_914_m "82" );; line 69486 (wfb::source-text airports malaysia |with unpaved runways 1,524 to 2,438 m| "1" );; line 69488 (wfb::source-text airports malaysia |with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m| "7" );; line 69490 (wfb::source-text telephone_system malaysia "994,860 telephones (1984); international service good" );; line 69495 (wfb::source-text telephone_system malaysia local "NA" );; line 69497 (wfb::source-text telephone_system malaysia intercity "good intercity service provided on Peninsular Malaysia mainly by microwave radio relay; adequate intercity microwave radio relay network between Sabah and Sarawak via Brunei; 2 domestic satellite links" );; line 69499 (wfb::source-text telephone_system malaysia international "submarine cables extend to India and Sarawak; SEACOM submarine cable links to Hong Kong and Singapore; satellite earth stations - 2 INTELSAT (1 Indian Ocean and 1 Pacific Ocean)" );; line 69503 (wfb::source-text radio malaysia broadcast_stations "AM 28, FM 3, shortwave 0" );; line 69510 (wfb::source-text radio malaysia radios "NA" );; line 69512 (wfb::source-text television malaysia broadcast_stations "33" );; line 69517 (wfb::source-text television malaysia televisions "NA" );; line 69519 (wfb::source-text defense_branch malaysia "Malaysian Army, Royal Malaysian Navy, Royal Malaysian Air Force, Royal Malaysian Police Force, Marine Police, Sarawak Border Scouts" );; line 69525 (wfb::source-text manpower_availability malaysia "males age 15-49 5,041,003; males fit for military service 3,058,445; males reach military age (21) annually 183,760 (1995 est.)" );; line 69530 (wfb::source-text defense_expenditures malaysia "exchange rate conversion - $2.1 billion, 2.9% of GDP (1994)" );; line 69535 (wfb::source-text location maldives "Southern Asia, group of atolls in the Indian Ocean, south-southwest of India" );; line 69545 (wfb::source-text map_references maldives "Asia" );; line 69550 (wfb::source-text area maldives total_area "300 sq km" );; line 69555 (wfb::source-text area maldives land_area "300 sq km" );; line 69557 (wfb::source-text area maldives comparative_area "slightly more than 1.5 times the size of Washington, DC" );; line 69559 (wfb::source-text borders maldives "0 km" );; line 69563 (wfb::source-text coastline maldives "644 km" );; line 69567 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims maldives exclusive_economic_zone "35-310 nm as defined by geographic coordinates; segment of zone coincides with maritime boundary with India" );; line 69572 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims maldives territorial_sea "12 nm" );; line 69575 (wfb::source-text international_disputes maldives "none" );; line 69579 (wfb::source-text climate maldives "tropical; hot, humid; dry, northeast monsoon (November to March); rainy, southwest monsoon (June to August)" );; line 69583 (wfb::source-text terrain maldives "flat with elevations only as high as 2.5 meters" );; line 69588 (wfb::source-text natural-resource maldives "fish" );; line 69592 (wfb::source-text land_use maldives arable_land "10%" );; line 69597 (wfb::source-text land_use maldives permanent_crops "0%" );; line 69599 (wfb::source-text land_use maldives meadows_and_pastures "3%" );; line 69601 (wfb::source-text land_use maldives forest_and_woodland "3%" );; line 69603 (wfb::source-text land_use maldives other "84%" );; line 69605 (wfb::source-text irrigated_land maldives "NA sq km" );; line 69609 (wfb::source-text environment maldives current_issues "depletion of freshwater aquifers threatens water supplies" );; line 69614 (wfb::source-text environment maldives natural_hazards "low level of islands makes them very sensitive to sea level rise" );; line 69616 (wfb::source-text environment maldives international_agreements "party to - Biodiversity, Climate Change, Hazardous Wastes, Ozone Layer Protection; signed, but not ratified - Law of the Sea" );; line 69618 (wfb::source-text note maldives "1,190 coral islands grouped into 26 atolls; archipelago of strategic location astride and along major sea lanes in Indian Ocean" );; line 69623 (wfb::source-text population maldives "261,310 (July 1995 est.)" );; line 69630 (wfb::source-text age_structure maldives 0-14_years "47% (female 60,038; male 63,042)" );; line 69635 (wfb::source-text age_structure maldives 15-64_years "50% (female 63,526; male 67,020)" );; line 69637 (wfb::source-text age_structure maldives 65_years_and_over "3% (female 3,537; male 4,147) (July 1995 est.)" );; line 69639 (wfb::source-text population_growth_rate maldives "3.58% (1995 est.)" );; line 69643 (wfb::source-text birth_rate maldives "42.8 births/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 69647 (wfb::source-text death_rate maldives "7 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 69651 (wfb::source-text net_migration_rate maldives "0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 69655 (wfb::source-text infant_mortality_rate maldives "50 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.)" );; line 69659 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth maldives total_population "65.49 years" );; line 69664 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth maldives male "63.99 years" );; line 69666 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth maldives female "67.07 years (1995 est.)" );; line 69668 (wfb::source-text total_fertility_rate maldives "6.17 children born/woman (1995 est.)" );; line 69672 (wfb::source-text nationality maldives noun "Maldivian(s)" );; line 69677 (wfb::source-text nationality maldives adjective "Maldivian" );; line 69679 (wfb::source-text ethnic-entity maldives "Sinhalese, Dravidian, Arab, African" );; line 69683 (wfb::source-text religion maldives "Sunni Muslim" );; line 69687 (wfb::source-text language maldives "Divehi (dialect of Sinhala; script derived from Arabic), English spoken by most government officials" );; line 69691 (wfb::source-text literacy maldives "age 15 and over can read and write (1985)" );; line 69696 (wfb::source-text literacy maldives total_population "91%" );; line 69698 (wfb::source-text literacy maldives male "91%" );; line 69700 (wfb::source-text literacy maldives female "92%" );; line 69702 (wfb::source-text total_labor_force maldives "66,000 (est.)" );; line 69706 (wfb::source-text labor_force_by_occupation maldives by_occupation "fishing industry 25%" );; line 69708 (wfb::source-text names maldives conventional_long_form "Republic of Maldives" );; line 69714 (wfb::source-text names maldives conventional_short_form "Maldives" );; line 69716 (wfb::source-text digraph maldives "MV" );; line 69720 (wfb::source-text type maldives "republic" );; line 69724 (wfb::source-text capital maldives "Male" );; line 69728 (wfb::source-text administrative_divisions maldives "19 districts (atolls); Aliff, Baa, Daalu, Faafu, Gaafu Aliff, Gaafu Daalu, Haa Aliff, Haa Daalu, Kaafu, Laamu, Laviyani, Meemu, Naviyani, Noonu, Raa, Seenu, Shaviyani, Thaa, Waavu" );; line 69732 (wfb::source-text independence maldives "26 July 1965 (from UK)" );; line 69738 (wfb::source-text national_holiday maldives "Independence Day, 26 July (1965)" );; line 69742 (wfb::source-text constitution maldives "4 June 1968" );; line 69746 (wfb::source-text legal_system maldives "based on Islamic law with admixtures of English common law primarily in commercial matters; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction" );; line 69750 (wfb::source-text suffrage maldives "21 years of age; universal" );; line 69755 (wfb::source-text executive_branch maldives chief_of_state_and_head_of_government "President Maumoon Abdul GAYOOM (since 11 November 1978); election last held 1 October 1993 (next to be held 1998); results - President Maumoon Abdul GAYOOM was reelected with 92.76% of the vote" );; line 69760 (wfb::source-text executive_branch maldives cabinet "Ministry of Atolls; appointed by the president" );; line 69764 (wfb::source-text legislative_structure maldives "unicameral" );; line 69768 (wfb::source-text legislative_branch maldives |Citizens' Council (Majlis)| "elections last held 2 December 1994 (next to be held NA December 1999); results - percent of vote NA; seats - (48 total, 40 elected, 8 appointed by the president) independents 40" );; line 69770 (wfb::source-text judicial_branch maldives "High Court" );; line 69776 (wfb::source-text political_parties_and_leaders maldives "although political parties are not banned, none exist; country governed by the Didi clan for the past eight centuries" );; line 69780 (wfb::source-text member_of maldives "AsDB, C, CP, ESCAP, FAO, G-77, GATT, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT (nonsignatory user), INTERPOL, IOC, ITU, NAM, OIC, SAARC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WHO, WMO, WTO" );; line 69785 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us maldives "Maldives has no embassy in the US, but does have a UN mission in New York; Permanent Representative to the UN Ahmed ZAKI" );; line 69791 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation maldives chief_of_mission "the US Ambassador to Sri Lanka is accredited to Maldives and makes periodic visits there" );; line 69797 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation maldives consular_agency "Midhath Hilmy, Male" );; line 69800 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation maldives telephone "322581" );; line 69802 (wfb::source-text flag maldives "red with a large green rectangle in the center bearing a vertical white crescent; the closed side of the crescent is on the hoist side of the flag" );; line 69806 (wfb::source-text overview maldives "Fishing is the largest industry, employing 25% of the work force and accounting for over 60% of exports. Over 90% of government tax revenue comes from import duties and tourism-related taxes. During the 1980s tourism became one of the most important and highest growth sectors of the economy. In 1993, tourism accounted for 17% of GDP and more than 60% of the Maldives' foreign exchange receipts. The Maldivian government initiated an economic reform program in 1989 initially by lifting import quotas and opening some exports to the private sector. Subsequently, it has liberalized regulations to allow more foreign investment. Agriculture and manufacturing continue to play a minor role in the economy, constrained by the limited availability of cultivatable land and the shortage of domestic labor. Most staple foods must be imported. In 1993, industry which consisted mainly of garment production, boat building, and handicrafts accounted for about 6% of GDP." );; line 69813 (wfb::source-text national_product maldives "GDP - purchasing power parity - $360 million (1993 est.)" );; line 69829 (wfb::source-text national_product_real_growth_rate maldives "5.4% (1993 est.)" );; line 69833 (wfb::source-text national_product_per_capita maldives "$1,500 (1993 est.)" );; line 69837 (wfb::source-text |Inflation rate (consumer prices)| maldives "20% (1993)" );; line 69841 (wfb::source-text unemployment_rate maldives "NEGL%" );; line 69845 (wfb::source-text budget maldives revenues "$95 million (excluding foreign transfers)" );; line 69850 (wfb::source-text budget maldives expenditures "$143 million, including capital expenditures of $71 million (1993 est.)" );; line 69852 (wfb::source-text exports maldives "$38.5 million (f.o.b., 1993 est.)" );; line 69857 (wfb::source-text exports maldives commodities "fish, clothing" );; line 69859 (wfb::source-text exports maldives partners "US, UK, Sri Lanka, Singapore, Germany" );; line 69861 (wfb::source-text imports maldives "$177.8 million (c.i.f., 1993)" );; line 69865 (wfb::source-text imports maldives commodities "consumer goods, intermediate and capital goods, petroleum products" );; line 69867 (wfb::source-text imports maldives partners "Singapore, Germany, Sri Lanka, India, Japan" );; line 69870 (wfb::source-text external_debt maldives "$130 million (1993 est.)" );; line 69874 (wfb::source-text industrial_production maldives "growth rate 24% (1990); accounts for 6% of GDP" );; line 69878 (wfb::source-text electricity maldives capacity "5,000 kW" );; line 69883 (wfb::source-text electricity maldives production "30 million kWh" );; line 69885 (wfb::source-text electricity maldives consumption_per_capita "123 kWh (1993)" );; line 69887 (wfb::source-text industry maldives "fishing and fish processing, tourism, shipping, boat building, some coconut processing, garments, woven mats, coir (rope), handicrafts" );; line 69891 (wfb::source-text agriculture maldives "fishing, coconuts, corn, sweet potatoes" );; line 69896 (wfb::source-text economic_aid maldives recipient "US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-88), $28 million; Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-89), $125 million; OPEC bilateral aid (1979-89), $14 million" );; line 69901 (wfb::source-text currency maldives "1 rufiyaa (Rf) = 100 laari" );; line 69907 (wfb::source-text exchange_rates maldives "rufiyaa (Rf) per US$1 - 11.770 (January 1995), 11.586 (1994), 10.957 (1993), 10.569 (1992), 10.253 (1991), 9.509 (1990)" );; line 69911 (wfb::source-text fiscal_year maldives "calendar year" );; line 69916 (wfb::source-text railroads maldives "0 km" );; line 69921 (wfb::source-text highways maldives total "NA" );; line 69926 (wfb::source-text highways maldives paved "NA" );; line 69928 (wfb::source-text highways maldives unpaved "NA (Male has 9.6 km of coral highways within the city)" );; line 69930 (wfb::source-text port maldives "Gan, Male" );; line 69934 (wfb::source-text merchant_marine maldives total "16 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 50,384 GRT/77,771 DWT" );; line 69939 (wfb::source-text merchant_marine maldives ships_by_type "cargo 14, container 1, oil tanker 1" );; line 69941 (wfb::source-text airports maldives total "2" );; line 69946 (wfb::source-text airports maldives |with paved runways over 3,047 m| "1" );; line 69948 (wfb::source-text airports maldives |with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m| "1" );; line 69950 (wfb::source-text telephone_system maldives "2,804 telephones; minimal domestic and international facilities" );; line 69955 (wfb::source-text telephone_system maldives local "NA" );; line 69957 (wfb::source-text telephone_system maldives intercity "NA" );; line 69959 (wfb::source-text telephone_system maldives international "1 INTELSAT (Indian Ocean) earth station" );; line 69961 (wfb::source-text radio maldives broadcast_stations "AM 2, FM 1, shortwave 0" );; line 69966 (wfb::source-text radio maldives radios "NA" );; line 69968 (wfb::source-text television maldives broadcast_stations "1" );; line 69973 (wfb::source-text television maldives televisions "NA" );; line 69975 (wfb::source-text defense_branch maldives "National Security Service (paramilitary police force)" );; line 69981 (wfb::source-text manpower_availability maldives "males age 15-49 57,172; males fit for military service 31,911 (1995 est.)" );; line 69985 (wfb::source-text defense_expenditures maldives "$NA, NA% of GDP" );; line 69990 (wfb::source-text location mali "Western Africa, southwest of Algeria" );; line 70000 (wfb::source-text map_references mali "Africa" );; line 70004 (wfb::source-text area mali total_area "1.24 million sq km" );; line 70009 (wfb::source-text area mali land_area "1.22 million sq km" );; line 70011 (wfb::source-text area mali comparative_area "slightly less than twice the size of Texas" );; line 70013 (wfb::source-text borders mali "total 7,243 km, Algeria 1,376 km, Burkina 1,000 km, Guinea 858 km, Cote d'Ivoire 532 km, Mauritania 2,237 km, Niger 821 km, Senegal 419 km" );; line 70017 (wfb::source-text coastline mali "0 km (landlocked)" );; line 70022 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims mali "none; landlocked" );; line 70026 (wfb::source-text international_disputes mali "the disputed international boundary between Burkina and Mali was submitted to the International Court of Justice (ICJ) in October 1983 and the ICJ issued its final ruling in December 1986, which both sides agreed to accept; Burkina and Mali are proceeding with boundary demarcation, including the tripoint with Niger" );; line 70030 (wfb::source-text climate mali "subtropical to arid; hot and dry February to June; rainy, humid, and mild June to November; cool and dry November to February" );; line 70038 (wfb::source-text terrain mali "mostly flat to rolling northern plains covered by sand; savanna in south, rugged hills in northeast" );; line 70043 (wfb::source-text natural-resource mali "gold, phosphates, kaolin, salt, limestone, uranium, bauxite, iron ore, manganese, tin, and copper deposits are known but not exploited" );; line 70048 (wfb::source-text land_use mali arable_land "2%" );; line 70054 (wfb::source-text land_use mali permanent_crops "0%" );; line 70056 (wfb::source-text land_use mali meadows_and_pastures "25%" );; line 70058 (wfb::source-text land_use mali forest_and_woodland "7%" );; line 70060 (wfb::source-text land_use mali other "66%" );; line 70062 (wfb::source-text irrigated_land mali "50 sq km (1989 est.)" );; line 70066 (wfb::source-text environment mali current_issues "deforestation; soil erosion; desertification; inadequate supplies of potable water; poaching" );; line 70071 (wfb::source-text environment mali natural_hazards "hot, dust-laden harmattan haze common during dry seasons; recurring droughts" );; line 70074 (wfb::source-text environment mali international_agreements "party to - Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands; signed, but not ratified - Biodiversity, Nuclear Test Ban" );; line 70077 (wfb::source-text note mali "landlocked" );; line 70083 (wfb::source-text population mali "9,375,132 (July 1995 est.)" );; line 70089 (wfb::source-text age_structure mali 0-14_years "48% (female 2,240,565; male 2,242,373)" );; line 70094 (wfb::source-text age_structure mali 15-64_years "49% (female 2,416,952; male 2,165,043)" );; line 70096 (wfb::source-text age_structure mali 65_years_and_over "3% (female 162,234; male 147,965) (July 1995 est.)" );; line 70098 (wfb::source-text population_growth_rate mali "2.89% (1995 est.)" );; line 70102 (wfb::source-text birth_rate mali "51.88 births/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 70106 (wfb::source-text death_rate mali "19.93 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 70110 (wfb::source-text net_migration_rate mali "-3 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 70114 (wfb::source-text infant_mortality_rate mali "104.5 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.)" );; line 70118 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth mali total_population "46.37 years" );; line 70123 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth mali male "44.7 years" );; line 70125 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth mali female "48.09 years (1995 est.)" );; line 70127 (wfb::source-text total_fertility_rate mali "7.33 children born/woman (1995 est.)" );; line 70131 (wfb::source-text nationality mali noun "Malian(s)" );; line 70136 (wfb::source-text nationality mali adjective "Malian" );; line 70138 (wfb::source-text ethnic-entity mali "Mande 50% (Bambara, Malinke, Sarakole), Peul 17%, Voltaic 12%, Songhai 6%, Tuareg and Moor 10%, other 5%" );; line 70142 (wfb::source-text religion mali "Muslim 90%, indigenous beliefs 9%, Christian 1%" );; line 70147 (wfb::source-text language mali "French (official), Bambara 80%, numerous African languages" );; line 70151 (wfb::source-text literacy mali "age 6 and over can read and write (1988)" );; line 70155 (wfb::source-text literacy mali total_population "19%" );; line 70157 (wfb::source-text literacy mali male "27%" );; line 70159 (wfb::source-text literacy mali female "12%" );; line 70161 (wfb::source-text total_labor_force mali "2.666 million (1986 est.)" );; line 70165 (wfb::source-text labor_force_by_occupation mali by_occupation "agriculture 80%, services 19%, industry and commerce 1% (1981)" );; line 70167 (wfb::source-text names mali conventional_long_form "Republic of Mali" );; line 70173 (wfb::source-text names mali conventional_short_form "Mali" );; line 70175 (wfb::source-text names mali local_long_form "Republique de Mali" );; line 70177 (wfb::source-text names mali local_short_form "Mali" );; line 70179 (wfb::source-text names mali former "French Sudan" );; line 70181 (wfb::source-text digraph mali "ML" );; line 70185 (wfb::source-text type mali "republic" );; line 70189 (wfb::source-text capital mali "Bamako" );; line 70193 (wfb::source-text administrative_divisions mali "8 regions (regions, singular - region); Gao, Kayes, Kidal, Koulikoro, Mopti, Segou, Sikasso, Tombouctou" );; line 70197 (wfb::source-text independence mali "22 September 1960 (from France)" );; line 70202 (wfb::source-text national_holiday mali "Anniversary of the Proclamation of the Republic, 22 September (1960)" );; line 70206 (wfb::source-text constitution mali "adopted 12 January 1992" );; line 70211 (wfb::source-text legal_system mali "based on French civil law system and customary law; judicial review of legislative acts in Constitutional Court (which was formally established on 9 March 1994); has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction" );; line 70215 (wfb::source-text suffrage mali "21 years of age; universal" );; line 70221 (wfb::source-text executive_branch mali chief_of_state "President Alpha Oumar KONARE (since 8 June 1992); election last held in April 1992 (next to be held April 1997); Alpha KONARE was elected in runoff race against Montaga TALL" );; line 70226 (wfb::source-text executive_branch mali head_of_government "Prime Minister Ibrahima Boubacar KEITA (since March 1994)" );; line 70230 (wfb::source-text executive_branch mali cabinet "Council of Ministers; appointed by the prime minister" );; line 70232 (wfb::source-text legislative_structure mali "unicameral" );; line 70236 (wfb::source-text legislative_branch mali national_assembly "elections last held on 8 March 1992 (next to be held February 1997); results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (116 total) Adema 76, CNID 9, US/RAD 8, Popular Movement for the Development of the Republic of West Africa 6, RDP 4, UDD 4, RDT 3, UFDP 3, PDP 2, UMDD 1" );; line 70238 (wfb::source-text judicial_branch mali "Supreme Court (Cour Supreme)" );; line 70245 (wfb::source-text political_parties_and_leaders mali "Association for Democracy (Adema), Ibrahim Baubacar KEITA; National Congress for Democratic Initiative (CNID), Mountaga TALL; Sudanese Union/African Democratic Rally (US/RDA), Mamadou Madeira KEITA; Popular Movement for the Development of the Republic of West Africa; Rally for Democracy and Progress (RDP), Almamy SYLLA; Union for Democracy and Development (UDD), Moussa Balla COULIBALY; Rally for Democracy and Labor (RDT); Union of Democratic Forces for Progress (UFDP), Dembo DIALLO; Party for Democracy and Progress (PDP), Idrissa TRAORE; Malian Union for Democracy and Development (UMDD)" );; line 70249 (wfb::source-text member_of mali "ACCT, ACP, AfDB, CCC, CEAO, ECA, ECOWAS, FAO, FZ, G-77, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, ITU, NAM, OAU, OIC, UN, UNAMIR, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WADB, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO" );; line 70260 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us mali chief_of_mission "Ambassador Ibrahim Siragatou CISSE" );; line 70268 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us mali chancery "2130 R Street NW, Washington, DC 20008" );; line 70270 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us mali telephone "[1] (202) 332-2249, 939-8950" );; line 70272 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation mali chief_of_mission "(vacant) (Ambassador William H. DAMERON III retired March 1995)" );; line 70277 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation mali embassy "Rue Rochester NY and Rue Mohamed V, Bamako" );; line 70279 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation mali mailing_address "B. P. 34, Bamako" );; line 70281 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation mali telephone "[223] 22 54 70" );; line 70283 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation mali fax "[223] 22 37 12" );; line 70285 (wfb::source-text flag mali "three equal vertical bands of green (hoist side), yellow, and red; uses the popular pan-African colors of Ethiopia" );; line 70289 (wfb::source-text overview mali "Mali is among the poorest countries in the world, with 65% of its land area desert or semidesert. Economic activity is largely confined to the riverine area irrigated by the Niger. About 10% of the population is nomadic and some 80% of the labor force is engaged in agriculture and fishing. Industrial activity is concentrated on processing farm commodities. The economy is beginning to turn around after contracting through 1992-93, largely because of enhanced exports and import substitute production in the wake of the 50% devaluation of January 1994. Post-devaluation inflation appears to have peaked at 35% in 1994 and the government appears to be keeping on track with its IMF structural adjustment program." );; line 70295 (wfb::source-text national_product mali "GDP - purchasing power parity - $5.4 billion (1994 est.)" );; line 70308 (wfb::source-text national_product_real_growth_rate mali "2.4% (1994 est.)" );; line 70312 (wfb::source-text national_product_per_capita mali "$600 (1994 est.)" );; line 70316 (wfb::source-text |Inflation rate (consumer prices)| mali "35% (1994 est.)" );; line 70320 (wfb::source-text unemployment_rate mali "NA%" );; line 70324 (wfb::source-text budget mali revenues "$376 million" );; line 70329 (wfb::source-text budget mali expenditures "$697 million, including capital expenditures of $NA (1992 est.)" );; line 70331 (wfb::source-text exports mali "$415 million (f.o.b., 1993)" );; line 70335 (wfb::source-text exports mali commodities "cotton, livestock, gold" );; line 70337 (wfb::source-text exports mali partners "mostly franc zone and Western Europe" );; line 70339 (wfb::source-text imports mali "$842 million (f.o.b., 1993)" );; line 70343 (wfb::source-text imports mali commodities "machinery and equipment, foodstuffs, construction materials, petroleum, textiles" );; line 70345 (wfb::source-text imports mali partners "mostly franc zone and Western Europe" );; line 70348 (wfb::source-text external_debt mali "$2.6 billion (1991 est.)" );; line 70352 (wfb::source-text industrial_production mali "growth rate -1.4% (1992 est.); accounts for 13.0% of GDP" );; line 70356 (wfb::source-text electricity mali capacity "90,000 kW" );; line 70361 (wfb::source-text electricity mali production "310 million kWh" );; line 70363 (wfb::source-text electricity mali consumption_per_capita "33 kWh (1993)" );; line 70365 (wfb::source-text industry mali "minor local consumer goods production and food processing, construction, phosphate and gold mining" );; line 70369 (wfb::source-text agriculture mali "accounts for 50% of GDP; mostly subsistence farming; cotton and livestock products account for over 70% of exports; other crops - millet, rice, corn, vegetables, peanuts; livestock - cattle, sheep, goats" );; line 70374 (wfb::source-text economic_aid mali recipient "US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-89), $349 million; Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-89), $3.02 billion; OPEC bilateral aid (1979-89), $92 million; Communist countries (1970-89), $190 million" );; line 70381 (wfb::source-text currency mali "1 CFA franc (CFAF) = 100 centimes" );; line 70388 (wfb::source-text exchange_rates mali "Communaute Financiere Africaine francs (CFAF) per US$1 - 529.43 (January 1995), 555.20 (1994), 283.16 (1993), 264.69 (1992), 282.11 (1991), 272.26 (1990)" );; line 70392 (wfb::source-text fiscal_year mali "calendar year" );; line 70401 (wfb::source-text railroads mali total "642 km; note - linked to Senegal's rail system through Kayes" );; line 70407 (wfb::source-text railroads mali narrow_gauge "642 km 1.000-m gauge" );; line 70409 (wfb::source-text highways mali total "15,700 km" );; line 70414 (wfb::source-text highways mali paved "1,670 km" );; line 70416 (wfb::source-text highways mali unpaved "gravel, improved earth 3,670 km; unimproved earth 10,360 km" );; line 70418 (wfb::source-text inland_waterways mali "1,815 km navigable" );; line 70422 (wfb::source-text port mali "Koulikoro" );; line 70426 (wfb::source-text airports mali total "33" );; line 70431 (wfb::source-text airports mali |with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m| "4" );; line 70433 (wfb::source-text airports mali |with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m| "1" );; line 70435 (wfb::source-text airports mali |with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m| "2" );; line 70437 (wfb::source-text airports mali with_paved_runways_under_914_m "10" );; line 70439 (wfb::source-text airports mali |with unpaved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m| "1" );; line 70441 (wfb::source-text airports mali |with unpaved runways 1,524 to 2,438 m| "3" );; line 70443 (wfb::source-text airports mali |with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m| "12" );; line 70445 (wfb::source-text telephone_system mali "11,000 telephones; domestic system poor but improving; provides only minimal service" );; line 70450 (wfb::source-text telephone_system mali local "NA" );; line 70453 (wfb::source-text telephone_system mali intercity "microwave radio relay, wire, and radio communications stations; expansion of microwave radio relay in progress" );; line 70455 (wfb::source-text telephone_system mali international "2 INTELSAT (1 Atlantic Ocean and 1 Indian Ocean) earth stations" );; line 70458 (wfb::source-text radio mali broadcast_stations "AM 2, FM 2, shortwave 0" );; line 70463 (wfb::source-text radio mali radios "NA" );; line 70465 (wfb::source-text television mali broadcast_stations "2" );; line 70470 (wfb::source-text television mali televisions "NA" );; line 70472 (wfb::source-text defense_branch mali "Army, Air Force, Gendarmerie, Republican Guard, National Guard, National Police (Surete Nationale)" );; line 70478 (wfb::source-text manpower_availability mali "males age 15-49 1,861,977; males fit for military service 1,062,916 (1995 est.)" );; line 70483 (wfb::source-text defense_expenditures mali "exchange rate conversion - $66 million, 2.2% of GDP (1994)" );; line 70488 (wfb::source-text location malta "Southern Europe, islands in the Mediterranean Sea, south of Sicily (Italy)" );; line 70498 (wfb::source-text map_references malta "Europe" );; line 70503 (wfb::source-text area malta total_area "320 sq km" );; line 70508 (wfb::source-text area malta land_area "320 sq km" );; line 70510 (wfb::source-text area malta comparative_area "slightly less than twice the size of Washington, DC" );; line 70512 (wfb::source-text borders malta "0 km" );; line 70516 (wfb::source-text coastline malta "140 km" );; line 70520 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims malta contiguous_zone "24 nm" );; line 70525 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims malta continental_shelf "200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation" );; line 70527 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims malta exclusive_fishing_zone "25 nm" );; line 70529 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims malta territorial_sea "12 nm" );; line 70531 (wfb::source-text international_disputes malta "Malta and Tunisia are discussing the commercial exploitation of the continental shelf between their countries, particularly for oil exploration" );; line 70535 (wfb::source-text climate malta "Mediterranean with mild, rainy winters and hot, dry summers" );; line 70541 (wfb::source-text terrain malta "mostly low, rocky, flat to dissected plains; many coastal cliffs" );; line 70545 (wfb::source-text natural-resource malta "limestone, salt" );; line 70549 (wfb::source-text land_use malta arable_land "38%" );; line 70554 (wfb::source-text land_use malta permanent_crops "3%" );; line 70556 (wfb::source-text land_use malta meadows_and_pastures "0%" );; line 70558 (wfb::source-text land_use malta forest_and_woodland "0%" );; line 70560 (wfb::source-text land_use malta other "59%" );; line 70562 (wfb::source-text irrigated_land malta "10 sq km (1989)" );; line 70566 (wfb::source-text environment malta current_issues "very limited natural fresh water resources; increasing reliance on desalination" );; line 70571 (wfb::source-text environment malta natural_hazards "NA" );; line 70574 (wfb::source-text environment malta international_agreements "party to - Climate Change, Endangered Species, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands; signed, but not ratified - Biodiversity, Desertification" );; line 70576 (wfb::source-text note malta "the country comprises an archipelago, with only the 3 largest islands (Malta, Gozo, and Comino) being inhabited; numerous bays provide good harbors" );; line 70582 (wfb::source-text population malta "369,609 (July 1995 est.)" );; line 70590 (wfb::source-text age_structure malta 0-14_years "22% (female 39,199; male 41,581)" );; line 70595 (wfb::source-text age_structure malta 15-64_years "67% (female 123,665; male 124,167)" );; line 70597 (wfb::source-text age_structure malta 65_years_and_over "11% (female 23,597; male 17,400) (July 1995 est.)" );; line 70599 (wfb::source-text population_growth_rate malta "0.75% (1995 est.)" );; line 70603 (wfb::source-text birth_rate malta "13.22 births/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 70607 (wfb::source-text death_rate malta "7.43 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 70611 (wfb::source-text net_migration_rate malta "1.7 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 70615 (wfb::source-text infant_mortality_rate malta "7.7 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.)" );; line 70619 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth malta total_population "77.02 years" );; line 70624 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth malta male "74.75 years" );; line 70626 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth malta female "79.48 years (1995 est.)" );; line 70628 (wfb::source-text total_fertility_rate malta "1.92 children born/woman (1995 est.)" );; line 70632 (wfb::source-text nationality malta noun "Maltese (singular and plural)" );; line 70637 (wfb::source-text nationality malta adjective "Maltese" );; line 70639 (wfb::source-text ethnic-entity malta "Arab, Sicilian, Norman, Spanish, Italian, English" );; line 70643 (wfb::source-text religion malta "Roman Catholic 98%" );; line 70647 (wfb::source-text language malta "Maltese (official), English (official)" );; line 70651 (wfb::source-text literacy malta "age 15 and over can read and write (1985)" );; line 70655 (wfb::source-text literacy malta total_population "84%" );; line 70657 (wfb::source-text literacy malta male "86%" );; line 70659 (wfb::source-text literacy malta female "82%" );; line 70661 (wfb::source-text total_labor_force malta "127,200" );; line 70665 (wfb::source-text labor_force_by_occupation malta by_occupation "government (excluding job corps) 37%, services 26%, manufacturing 22%, training programs 9%, construction 4%, agriculture 2% (1990)" );; line 70667 (wfb::source-text names malta conventional_long_form "Republic of Malta" );; line 70674 (wfb::source-text names malta conventional_short_form "Malta" );; line 70676 (wfb::source-text digraph malta "MT" );; line 70680 (wfb::source-text type malta "parliamentary democracy" );; line 70684 (wfb::source-text capital malta "Valletta" );; line 70688 (wfb::source-text administrative_divisions malta "none (administration directly from Valletta)" );; line 70692 (wfb::source-text independence malta "21 September 1964 (from UK)" );; line 70696 (wfb::source-text national_holiday malta "Independence Day, 21 September (1964)" );; line 70700 (wfb::source-text constitution malta "1964 constitution substantially amended on 13 December 1974" );; line 70704 (wfb::source-text legal_system malta "based on English common law and Roman civil law; has accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations" );; line 70708 (wfb::source-text suffrage malta "18 years of age; universal" );; line 70713 (wfb::source-text executive_branch malta chief_of_state "President Ugo MIFSUD BONNICI (since 4 April 1994)" );; line 70718 (wfb::source-text executive_branch malta head_of_government "Prime Minister and Foreign Minister Dr. Edward (Eddie) FENECH ADAMI (since 12 May 1987); Deputy Prime Minister Dr. Guido DE MARCO (since 14 May 1987)" );; line 70720 (wfb::source-text executive_branch malta cabinet "Cabinet; appointed by the president on advice of the prime minister" );; line 70724 (wfb::source-text legislative_structure malta "unicameral" );; line 70729 (wfb::source-text legislative_branch malta house_of_representatives "elections last held 22 February 1992 (next to be held by February 1997); results - NP 51.8%, MLP 46.5%; seats - (usually 65 total) MLP 36, NP 29; note - additional seats are given to the party with the largest popular vote to ensure a legislative majority; current total: 69 (MLP 33, NP 36 after adjustment)" );; line 70731 (wfb::source-text judicial_branch malta "Constitutional Court, Court of Appeal" );; line 70739 (wfb::source-text political_parties_and_leaders malta "Nationalist Party (NP), Edward FENECH ADAMI; Malta Labor Party (MLP), Alfred SANT" );; line 70743 (wfb::source-text member_of malta "C, CCC, CE, EBRD, ECE, FAO, G-77, GATT, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IFAD, ILO, IMF, IMO, INMARSAT, INTELSAT (nonsignatory user), INTERPOL, IOC, ISO (correspondent), ITU, NAM, OSCE, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCL, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO" );; line 70748 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us malta chief_of_mission "Ambassador Albert Borg Olivier DE PUGET" );; line 70756 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us malta chancery "2017 Connecticut Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008" );; line 70758 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us malta telephone "[1] (202) 462-3611, 3612" );; line 70760 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us malta fax "[1] (202) 387-5470" );; line 70762 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us malta |consulate(s)| "New York" );; line 70764 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation malta chief_of_mission "Ambassador Joseph R. PAOLINO, Jr." );; line 70769 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation malta embassy "2nd Floor, Development House, Saint Anne Street, Floriana, Malta" );; line 70771 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation malta mailing_address "P. O. Box 535, Valletta" );; line 70773 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation malta telephone "[356] 235960" );; line 70775 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation malta fax "[356] 243229" );; line 70777 (wfb::source-text flag malta "two equal vertical bands of white (hoist side) and red; in the upper hoist-side corner is a representation of the George Cross, edged in red" );; line 70781 (wfb::source-text overview malta "Significant resources are limestone, a favorable geographic location, and a productive labor force. Malta produces only about 20% of its food needs, has limited freshwater supplies, and has no domestic energy sources. Consequently, the economy is highly dependent on foreign trade and services. Manufacturing and tourism are the largest contributors to the economy. Manufacturing accounts for about 24% of GDP, with the electronics and textile industries major contributors and with the state-owned Malta drydocks employing about 4,300 people. In 1994, over 1,000,000 tourists visited the island. Per capita GDP of $10,760 places Malta in the range of the less affluent EU countries." );; line 70788 (wfb::source-text national_product malta "GDP - purchasing power parity - $3.9 billion (1994 est.)" );; line 70800 (wfb::source-text national_product_real_growth_rate malta "4.4% (1994 est.)" );; line 70804 (wfb::source-text national_product_per_capita malta "$10,760 (1994 est.)" );; line 70808 (wfb::source-text |Inflation rate (consumer prices)| malta "5% (1994 est.)" );; line 70812 (wfb::source-text unemployment_rate malta "4.5% (March 1994)" );; line 70816 (wfb::source-text budget malta revenues "$1.4 billion" );; line 70821 (wfb::source-text budget malta expenditures "$1.4 billion, including capital expenditures of $215 million (FY94/95 est.)" );; line 70823 (wfb::source-text exports malta "$1.3 billion (f.o.b., 1993)" );; line 70828 (wfb::source-text exports malta commodities "machinery and transport equipment, clothing and footware, printed matter" );; line 70830 (wfb::source-text exports malta partners "Italy 32%, Germany 16%, UK 8%" );; line 70833 (wfb::source-text imports malta "$2.1 billion (c.i.f., 1993)" );; line 70837 (wfb::source-text imports malta commodities "food, petroleum, machinery and semimanufactured goods" );; line 70839 (wfb::source-text imports malta partners "Italy 27%, Germany 14%, UK 13%, US 9%" );; line 70841 (wfb::source-text external_debt malta "$603 million (1992)" );; line 70845 (wfb::source-text industrial_production malta "growth rate 5.4% (1992); accounts for 27% of GDP" );; line 70849 (wfb::source-text electricity malta capacity "250,000 kW" );; line 70854 (wfb::source-text electricity malta production "1.1 billion kWh" );; line 70856 (wfb::source-text electricity malta consumption_per_capita "2,749 kWh (1993)" );; line 70858 (wfb::source-text industry malta "tourism, electronics, ship repairyard, construction, food manufacturing, textiles, footwear, clothing, beverages, tobacco" );; line 70862 (wfb::source-text agriculture malta "accounts for 3% of GDP and 2% of the work force (1992); overall, 20% self-sufficient; main products - potatoes, cauliflower, grapes, wheat, barley, tomatoes, citrus, cut flowers, green peppers, hogs, poultry, eggs; generally adequate supplies of vegetables, poultry, milk, pork products; seasonal or periodic shortages in grain, animal fodder, fruits, other basic foodstuffs" );; line 70867 (wfb::source-text illicit_drugs malta "transshipment point for hashish from North Africa to Western Europe" );; line 70876 (wfb::source-text economic_aid malta recipient "US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-81), $172 million; Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-89), $336 million; OPEC bilateral aid (1979-89), $76 million; Communist countries (1970-88), $48 million" );; line 70882 (wfb::source-text currency malta "1 Maltese lira (LM) = 100 cents" );; line 70889 (wfb::source-text exchange_rates malta "Maltese liri (LM) per US$1 - 0.3656 (January 1995), 0.3776 (1994), 0.3821 (1993), 0.3178 (1992), 0.3226 (1991), 0.3172 (1990)" );; line 70893 (wfb::source-text fiscal_year malta "1 April - 31 March" );; line 70898 (wfb::source-text railroads malta "0 km" );; line 70903 (wfb::source-text highways malta total "1,291 km" );; line 70908 (wfb::source-text highways malta paved "asphalt 1,179 km" );; line 70910 (wfb::source-text highways malta unpaved "gravel, crushed stone 77 km; earth 35 km" );; line 70912 (wfb::source-text port malta "Marsaxlokk, Valletta" );; line 70916 (wfb::source-text merchant_marine malta total "964 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 15,518,359 GRT/26,604,739 DWT" );; line 70921 (wfb::source-text merchant_marine malta ships_by_type "barge carrier 3, bulk 272, cargo 300, chemical tanker 30, combination bulk 26, combination ore/oil 16, container 33, liquefied gas tanker 3, multifunction large-load carrier 3, oil tanker 191, passenger 7, passenger-cargo 3, railcar carrier 1, refrigerated cargo 14, roll-on/roll-off cargo 26, short-sea passenger 20, specialized tanker 5, vehicle carrier 11" );; line 70924 (wfb::source-text airports malta total "1" );; line 70937 (wfb::source-text airports malta |with paved runways over 3,047 m| "1" );; line 70939 (wfb::source-text telephone_system malta "153,000 telephones; automatic system satisfies normal requirements" );; line 70944 (wfb::source-text telephone_system malta local "NA" );; line 70947 (wfb::source-text telephone_system malta intercity "submarine cable and microwave radio relay between islands" );; line 70949 (wfb::source-text telephone_system malta international "1 submarine cable and 1 INTELSAT (Atlantic Ocean) earth station" );; line 70951 (wfb::source-text radio malta broadcast_stations "AM 8, FM 4, shortwave 0" );; line 70956 (wfb::source-text radio malta radios "NA" );; line 70958 (wfb::source-text television malta broadcast_stations "2" );; line 70963 (wfb::source-text television malta televisions "NA" );; line 70965 (wfb::source-text defense_branch malta "Armed Forces, Maltese Police Force" );; line 70971 (wfb::source-text manpower_availability malta "males age 15-49 98,525; males fit for military service 78,305 (1995 est.)" );; line 70975 (wfb::source-text defense_expenditures malta "exchange rate conversion - $21.4 million, about 0.9% of GDP (FY92/93)" );; line 70980 (wfb::source-text location |Man, Isle of| "Western Europe, island in the Irish Sea, between Great Britain and Ireland" );; line 70991 (wfb::source-text map_references |Man, Isle of| "Europe" );; line 70996 (wfb::source-text area |Man, Isle of| total_area "588 sq km" );; line 71001 (wfb::source-text area |Man, Isle of| land_area "588 sq km" );; line 71003 (wfb::source-text area |Man, Isle of| comparative_area "nearly 3.5 times the size of Washington, DC" );; line 71005 (wfb::source-text borders |Man, Isle of| "0 km" );; line 71009 (wfb::source-text coastline |Man, Isle of| "113 km" );; line 71013 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims |Man, Isle of| exclusive_fishing_zone "200 nm" );; line 71018 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims |Man, Isle of| territorial_sea "3 nm" );; line 71020 (wfb::source-text international_disputes |Man, Isle of| "none" );; line 71024 (wfb::source-text climate |Man, Isle of| "cool summers and mild winters; humid; overcast about half the time" );; line 71028 (wfb::source-text terrain |Man, Isle of| "hills in north and south bisected by central valley" );; line 71033 (wfb::source-text natural-resource |Man, Isle of| "lead, iron ore" );; line 71037 (wfb::source-text land_use |Man, Isle of| arable_land "NA%" );; line 71042 (wfb::source-text land_use |Man, Isle of| permanent_crops "NA%" );; line 71044 (wfb::source-text land_use |Man, Isle of| meadows_and_pastures "NA%" );; line 71046 (wfb::source-text land_use |Man, Isle of| forest_and_woodland "NA%" );; line 71048 (wfb::source-text land_use |Man, Isle of| other "NA% (extensive arable land and forests)" );; line 71050 (wfb::source-text irrigated_land |Man, Isle of| "NA sq km" );; line 71054 (wfb::source-text environment |Man, Isle of| current_issues "NA" );; line 71059 (wfb::source-text environment |Man, Isle of| natural_hazards "NA" );; line 71061 (wfb::source-text environment |Man, Isle of| international_agreements "NA" );; line 71063 (wfb::source-text note |Man, Isle of| "one small islet, the Calf of Man, lies to the southwest, and is a bird sanctuary" );; line 71067 (wfb::source-text population |Man, Isle of| "72,751 (July 1995 est.)" );; line 71074 (wfb::source-text age_structure |Man, Isle of| 0-14_years "18% (female 6,462; male 6,833)" );; line 71079 (wfb::source-text age_structure |Man, Isle of| 15-64_years "64% (female 23,219; male 23,348)" );; line 71081 (wfb::source-text age_structure |Man, Isle of| 65_years_and_over "18% (female 7,759; male 5,130) (July 1995 est.)" );; line 71083 (wfb::source-text population_growth_rate |Man, Isle of| "0.99% (1995 est.)" );; line 71087 (wfb::source-text birth_rate |Man, Isle of| "13.73 births/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 71091 (wfb::source-text death_rate |Man, Isle of| "12.36 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 71095 (wfb::source-text net_migration_rate |Man, Isle of| "8.55 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 71099 (wfb::source-text infant_mortality_rate |Man, Isle of| "8 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.)" );; line 71103 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth |Man, Isle of| total_population "76.53 years" );; line 71108 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth |Man, Isle of| male "73.78 years" );; line 71110 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth |Man, Isle of| female "79.48 years (1995 est.)" );; line 71112 (wfb::source-text total_fertility_rate |Man, Isle of| "1.8 children born/woman (1995 est.)" );; line 71116 (wfb::source-text nationality |Man, Isle of| noun "Manxman, Manxwoman" );; line 71121 (wfb::source-text nationality |Man, Isle of| adjective "Manx" );; line 71123 (wfb::source-text ethnic-entity |Man, Isle of| "Manx (Norse-Celtic descent), Briton" );; line 71127 (wfb::source-text religion |Man, Isle of| "Anglican, Roman Catholic, Methodist, Baptist, Presbyterian, Society of Friends" );; line 71131 (wfb::source-text language |Man, Isle of| "English, Manx Gaelic" );; line 71136 (wfb::source-text literacy |Man, Isle of| "NA%" );; line 71140 (wfb::source-text total_labor_force |Man, Isle of| "25,864 (1981)" );; line 71144 (wfb::source-text labor_force_by_occupation |Man, Isle of| by_occupation "NA" );; line 71146 (wfb::source-text names |Man, Isle of| conventional_long_form "none" );; line 71152 (wfb::source-text names |Man, Isle of| conventional_short_form "Isle of Man" );; line 71154 (wfb::source-text digraph |Man, Isle of| "IM" );; line 71158 (wfb::source-text type |Man, Isle of| "British crown dependency" );; line 71162 (wfb::source-text capital |Man, Isle of| "Douglas" );; line 71166 (wfb::source-text administrative_divisions |Man, Isle of| "none (British crown dependency)" );; line 71170 (wfb::source-text independence |Man, Isle of| "none (British crown dependency)" );; line 71174 (wfb::source-text national_holiday |Man, Isle of| "Tynwald Day, 5 July" );; line 71178 (wfb::source-text constitution |Man, Isle of| "1961, Isle of Man Constitution Act" );; line 71182 (wfb::source-text legal_system |Man, Isle of| "English law and local statute" );; line 71186 (wfb::source-text suffrage |Man, Isle of| "21 years of age; universal" );; line 71190 (wfb::source-text executive_branch |Man, Isle of| chief_of_state "Lord of Mann Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952), represented by Lieutenant Governor Air Marshal Sir Laurence JONES (since NA 1990)" );; line 71195 (wfb::source-text executive_branch |Man, Isle of| head_of_government "President of the Legislative Council Sir Charles KERRUISH (since NA 1990)" );; line 71198 (wfb::source-text executive_branch |Man, Isle of| cabinet "Council of Ministers" );; line 71201 (wfb::source-text legislative_structure |Man, Isle of| "bicameral Tynwald" );; line 71205 (wfb::source-text legislative_branch |Man, Isle of| legislative_council "consists of a 10-member body composed of the Lord Bishop of Sodor and Man, a nonvoting attorney general, and 8 others named by the House of Keys" );; line 71207 (wfb::source-text legislative_branch |Man, Isle of| house_of_keys "elections last held NA 1991 (next to be held NA 1996); results - percent of vote NA; seats - (24 total) independents 24" );; line 71211 (wfb::source-text judicial_branch |Man, Isle of| "Court of Tynwald" );; line 71216 (wfb::source-text political_parties_and_leaders |Man, Isle of| "there is no party system and members sit as independents" );; line 71220 (wfb::source-text member_of |Man, Isle of| "none" );; line 71224 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us |Man, Isle of| "none (British crown dependency)" );; line 71228 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation |Man, Isle of| "none (British crown dependency)" );; line 71232 (wfb::source-text flag |Man, Isle of| "red with the Three Legs of Man emblem (Trinacria), in the center; the three legs are joined at the thigh and bent at the knee; in order to have the toes pointing clockwise on both sides of the flag, a two-sided emblem is used" );; line 71236 (wfb::source-text overview |Man, Isle of| "Offshore banking, manufacturing, and tourism are key sectors of the economy. The government's policy of offering incentives to high-technology companies and financial institutions to locate on the island has paid off in expanding employment opportunities in high-income industries. As a result, agriculture and fishing, once the mainstays of the economy, have declined in their shares of GDP. Banking now contributes about 45% to GDP. Trade is mostly with the UK. The Isle of Man enjoys free access to European Union markets." );; line 71244 (wfb::source-text national_product |Man, Isle of| "GDP - purchasing power parity - $780 million (1994 est.)" );; line 71255 (wfb::source-text national_product_real_growth_rate |Man, Isle of| "NA%" );; line 71259 (wfb::source-text national_product_per_capita |Man, Isle of| "$10,800 (1994 est.)" );; line 71263 (wfb::source-text |Inflation rate (consumer prices)| |Man, Isle of| "7% (1992 est.)" );; line 71267 (wfb::source-text unemployment_rate |Man, Isle of| "1% (1992 est.)" );; line 71271 (wfb::source-text budget |Man, Isle of| revenues "$130.4 million" );; line 71276 (wfb::source-text budget |Man, Isle of| expenditures "$114.4 million, including capital expenditures of $18.1 million (1985 est.)" );; line 71278 (wfb::source-text exports |Man, Isle of| "$NA" );; line 71283 (wfb::source-text exports |Man, Isle of| commodities "tweeds, herring, processed shellfish, beef, lamb" );; line 71285 (wfb::source-text exports |Man, Isle of| partners "UK" );; line 71287 (wfb::source-text imports |Man, Isle of| "$NA" );; line 71291 (wfb::source-text imports |Man, Isle of| commodities "timber, fertilizers, fish" );; line 71293 (wfb::source-text imports |Man, Isle of| partners "UK" );; line 71295 (wfb::source-text external_debt |Man, Isle of| "$NA" );; line 71299 (wfb::source-text industrial_production |Man, Isle of| "growth rate NA%" );; line 71303 (wfb::source-text electricity |Man, Isle of| capacity "61,000 kW" );; line 71308 (wfb::source-text electricity |Man, Isle of| production "190 million kWh" );; line 71310 (wfb::source-text electricity |Man, Isle of| consumption_per_capita "2,965 kWh (1992)" );; line 71312 (wfb::source-text industry |Man, Isle of| "financial services, light manufacturing, tourism" );; line 71316 (wfb::source-text agriculture |Man, Isle of| "cereals and vegetables; cattle, sheep, pigs, poultry" );; line 71320 (wfb::source-text economic_aid |Man, Isle of| "$NA" );; line 71324 (wfb::source-text currency |Man, Isle of| "1 Manx pound (#M) = 100 pence" );; line 71328 (wfb::source-text exchange_rates |Man, Isle of| "Manx pounds (#M) per US$1 - 0.6350 (January 1995), 0.6529 (1994), 0.6658 (1993), 0.5664 (1992), 0.5652 (1991), 0.5603 (1990); the Manx pound is at par with the British pound" );; line 71332 (wfb::source-text fiscal_year |Man, Isle of| "1 April - 31 March" );; line 71338 (wfb::source-text railroads |Man, Isle of| total "60 km (36 km electrified)" );; line 71344 (wfb::source-text highways |Man, Isle of| total "640 km" );; line 71349 (wfb::source-text highways |Man, Isle of| paved "NA" );; line 71351 (wfb::source-text highways |Man, Isle of| unpaved "NA" );; line 71353 (wfb::source-text port |Man, Isle of| "Castletown, Douglas, Peel, Ramsey" );; line 71357 (wfb::source-text merchant_marine |Man, Isle of| total "68 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 1,810,355 GRT/3,183,773 DWT" );; line 71362 (wfb::source-text merchant_marine |Man, Isle of| ships_by_type "bulk 11, cargo 10, chemical tanker 4, container 9, liquefied gas tanker 8, oil tanker 15, roll-on/roll-off cargo 9, vehicle carrier 2" );; line 71364 (wfb::source-text airports |Man, Isle of| total "1" );; line 71373 (wfb::source-text airports |Man, Isle of| |with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m| "1" );; line 71375 (wfb::source-text telephone_system |Man, Isle of| "24,435 telephones" );; line 71380 (wfb::source-text telephone_system |Man, Isle of| local "NA" );; line 71382 (wfb::source-text telephone_system |Man, Isle of| intercity "NA" );; line 71384 (wfb::source-text telephone_system |Man, Isle of| international "NA" );; line 71386 (wfb::source-text radio |Man, Isle of| broadcast_stations "AM 1, FM 4, shortwave 0" );; line 71391 (wfb::source-text radio |Man, Isle of| radios "NA" );; line 71393 (wfb::source-text television |Man, Isle of| broadcast_stations "4" );; line 71398 (wfb::source-text television |Man, Isle of| televisions "NA" );; line 71400 (wfb::source-text note |Man, Isle of| "defense is the responsibility of the UK" );; line 71406 (wfb::source-text location marshall_islands "Oceania, group of atolls and reefs in the North Pacific Ocean, about one-half of the way from Hawaii to Papua New Guinea" );; line 71416 (wfb::source-text map_references marshall_islands "Oceania" );; line 71421 (wfb::source-text area marshall_islands total_area "181.3 sq km" );; line 71426 (wfb::source-text area marshall_islands land_area "181.3 sq km" );; line 71428 (wfb::source-text area marshall_islands comparative_area "slightly larger than Washington, DC" );; line 71430 (wfb::source-text borders marshall_islands "0 km" );; line 71436 (wfb::source-text coastline marshall_islands "370.4 km" );; line 71440 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims marshall_islands contiguous_zone "24 nm" );; line 71445 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims marshall_islands exclusive_economic_zone "200 nm" );; line 71447 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims marshall_islands territorial_sea "12 nm" );; line 71449 (wfb::source-text international_disputes marshall_islands "claims US territory of Wake Island" );; line 71453 (wfb::source-text climate marshall_islands "wet season May to November; hot and humid; islands border typhoon belt" );; line 71457 (wfb::source-text terrain marshall_islands "low coral limestone and sand islands" );; line 71462 (wfb::source-text natural-resource marshall_islands "phosphate deposits, marine products, deep seabed minerals" );; line 71466 (wfb::source-text land_use marshall_islands arable_land "0%" );; line 71471 (wfb::source-text land_use marshall_islands permanent_crops "60%" );; line 71473 (wfb::source-text land_use marshall_islands meadows_and_pastures "0%" );; line 71475 (wfb::source-text land_use marshall_islands forest_and_woodland "0%" );; line 71477 (wfb::source-text land_use marshall_islands other "40%" );; line 71479 (wfb::source-text irrigated_land marshall_islands "NA sq km" );; line 71483 (wfb::source-text environment marshall_islands current_issues "inadequate supplies of potable water" );; line 71488 (wfb::source-text environment marshall_islands natural_hazards "occasional typhoons" );; line 71490 (wfb::source-text environment marshall_islands international_agreements "party to - Biodiversity, Climate Change, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution" );; line 71492 (wfb::source-text note marshall_islands "two archipelagic island chains of 30 atolls and 1,152 islands; Bikini and Eniwetak are former US nuclear test sites; Kwajalein, the famous World War II battleground, is now used as a US missile test range" );; line 71497 (wfb::source-text population marshall_islands "56,157 (July 1995 est.)" );; line 71505 (wfb::source-text age_structure marshall_islands 0-14_years "51% (female 13,950; male 14,547)" );; line 71510 (wfb::source-text age_structure marshall_islands 15-64_years "47% (female 12,801; male 13,470)" );; line 71512 (wfb::source-text age_structure marshall_islands 65_years_and_over "2% (female 740; male 649) (July 1995 est.)" );; line 71514 (wfb::source-text population_growth_rate marshall_islands "3.86% (1995 est.)" );; line 71518 (wfb::source-text birth_rate marshall_islands "46.03 births/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 71522 (wfb::source-text death_rate marshall_islands "7.48 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 71526 (wfb::source-text net_migration_rate marshall_islands "0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 71530 (wfb::source-text infant_mortality_rate marshall_islands "48 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.)" );; line 71534 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth marshall_islands total_population "63.49 years" );; line 71539 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth marshall_islands male "61.94 years" );; line 71541 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth marshall_islands female "65.11 years (1995 est.)" );; line 71543 (wfb::source-text total_fertility_rate marshall_islands "6.89 children born/woman (1995 est.)" );; line 71547 (wfb::source-text nationality marshall_islands noun "Marshallese (singular and plural)" );; line 71552 (wfb::source-text nationality marshall_islands adjective "Marshallese" );; line 71554 (wfb::source-text ethnic-entity marshall_islands "Micronesian" );; line 71558 (wfb::source-text religion marshall_islands "Christian (mostly Protestant)" );; line 71562 (wfb::source-text language marshall_islands "English (universally spoken and is the official language), two major Marshallese dialects from the Malayo-Polynesian family, Japanese" );; line 71566 (wfb::source-text literacy marshall_islands "age 15 and over can read and write (1980)" );; line 71571 (wfb::source-text literacy marshall_islands total_population "93%" );; line 71573 (wfb::source-text literacy marshall_islands male "100%" );; line 71575 (wfb::source-text literacy marshall_islands female "88%" );; line 71577 (wfb::source-text total_labor_force marshall_islands "4,800 (1986)" );; line 71581 (wfb::source-text labor_force_by_occupation marshall_islands by_occupation "NA" );; line 71583 (wfb::source-text names marshall_islands conventional_long_form "Republic of the Marshall Islands" );; line 71589 (wfb::source-text names marshall_islands conventional_short_form "Marshall Islands" );; line 71591 (wfb::source-text names marshall_islands former "Marshall Islands District (Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands)" );; line 71593 (wfb::source-text digraph marshall_islands "RM" );; line 71598 (wfb::source-text type marshall_islands "constitutional government in free association with the US; the Compact of Free Association entered into force 21 October 1986" );; line 71602 (wfb::source-text capital marshall_islands "Majuro" );; line 71607 (wfb::source-text administrative_divisions marshall_islands "none" );; line 71611 (wfb::source-text independence marshall_islands "21 October 1986 (from the US-administered UN trusteeship)" );; line 71615 (wfb::source-text national_holiday marshall_islands "Proclamation of the Republic of the Marshall Islands, 1 May (1979)" );; line 71619 (wfb::source-text constitution marshall_islands "1 May 1979" );; line 71624 (wfb::source-text legal_system marshall_islands "based on adapted Trust Territory laws, acts of the legislature, municipal, common, and customary laws" );; line 71628 (wfb::source-text suffrage marshall_islands "18 years of age; universal" );; line 71633 (wfb::source-text executive_branch marshall_islands chief_of_state_and_head_of_government "President Amata KABUA (since 1979); election last held 6 January 1992 (next to be held NA); results - President Amata KABUA was reelected" );; line 71638 (wfb::source-text executive_branch marshall_islands cabinet "Cabinet; president selects from the parliament" );; line 71641 (wfb::source-text legislative_structure marshall_islands "unicameral" );; line 71645 (wfb::source-text legislative_branch marshall_islands |Parliament (Nitijela)| "elections last held 18 November 1991 (next to be held November 1995); results - percent of vote NA; seats - (33 total) independents 33" );; line 71647 (wfb::source-text judicial_branch marshall_islands "Supreme Court" );; line 71652 (wfb::source-text political_parties_and_leaders marshall_islands "no formal parties; President KABUA is chief political (and traditional) leader" );; line 71656 (wfb::source-text member_of marshall_islands "AsDB, ESCAP, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFC, IMF, INTELSAT (nonsignatory user), INTERPOL, SPARTECA, SPC, SPF, UN, UNCTAD, WHO" );; line 71661 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us marshall_islands chief_of_mission "Ambassador Wilfred I. KENDALL" );; line 71667 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us marshall_islands chancery "2433 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008" );; line 71669 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us marshall_islands telephone "[1] (202) 234-5414" );; line 71671 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us marshall_islands fax "[1] (202) 232-3236" );; line 71673 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us marshall_islands |consulate(s) general| "Honolulu and Los Angeles" );; line 71675 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation marshall_islands chief_of_mission "Ambassador David C. FIELDS" );; line 71680 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation marshall_islands embassy "address NA, Majuro" );; line 71682 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation marshall_islands mailing_address "P. O. Box 1379, Majuro, Republic of the Marshall Islands 96960-1379" );; line 71684 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation marshall_islands telephone "[692] 247-4011" );; line 71687 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation marshall_islands fax "[692] 247-4012" );; line 71689 (wfb::source-text flag marshall_islands "blue with two stripes radiating from the lower hoist-side corner - orange (top) and white; there is a white star with four large rays and 20 small rays on the hoist side above the two stripes" );; line 71693 (wfb::source-text overview marshall_islands "Agriculture and tourism are the mainstays of the economy. Agricultural production is concentrated on small farms, and the most important commercial crops are coconuts, tomatoes, melons, and breadfruit. A few cattle ranches supply the domestic meat market. Small-scale industry is limited to handicrafts, fish processing, and copra. The tourist industry is the primary source of foreign exchange and employs about 10% of the labor force. The islands have few natural resources, and imports far exceed exports. The US Government provides about 70% of the budget." );; line 71700 (wfb::source-text national_product marshall_islands "GDP - purchasing power parity - $75 million (1992 est.)" );; line 71711 (wfb::source-text national_product_real_growth_rate marshall_islands "6% (1992)" );; line 71715 (wfb::source-text national_product_per_capita marshall_islands "$1,500 (1992 est.)" );; line 71719 (wfb::source-text |Inflation rate (consumer prices)| marshall_islands "7% (1992 est.)" );; line 71723 (wfb::source-text unemployment_rate marshall_islands "16% (1991 est.)" );; line 71727 (wfb::source-text budget marshall_islands revenues "$106 million" );; line 71732 (wfb::source-text budget marshall_islands expenditures "$128.7 million, including capital expenditures of $NA (1993)" );; line 71734 (wfb::source-text exports marshall_islands "$3.9 million (f.o.b., 1992 est.)" );; line 71738 (wfb::source-text exports marshall_islands commodities "coconut oil, fish, live animals, trichus shells" );; line 71740 (wfb::source-text exports marshall_islands partners "US, Japan, Australia" );; line 71742 (wfb::source-text imports marshall_islands "$62.9 million (c.i.f., 1992 est.)" );; line 71746 (wfb::source-text imports marshall_islands commodities "foodstuffs, machinery and equipment, beverages and tobacco, fuels" );; line 71748 (wfb::source-text imports marshall_islands partners "US, Japan, Australia" );; line 71750 (wfb::source-text external_debt marshall_islands "$NA" );; line 71754 (wfb::source-text industrial_production marshall_islands "growth rate NA%" );; line 71758 (wfb::source-text electricity marshall_islands capacity "42,000 kW" );; line 71763 (wfb::source-text electricity marshall_islands production "80 million kWh" );; line 71765 (wfb::source-text electricity marshall_islands consumption_per_capita "1,840 kWh (1990)" );; line 71767 (wfb::source-text industry marshall_islands "copra, fish, tourism; craft items from shell, wood, and pearls; offshore banking (embryonic)" );; line 71771 (wfb::source-text agriculture marshall_islands "coconuts, cacao, taro, breadfruit, fruits, pigs, chickens" );; line 71776 (wfb::source-text economic_aid marshall_islands recipient "under the terms of the Compact of Free Association, the US is to provide approximately $40 million in aid annually" );; line 71781 (wfb::source-text currency marshall_islands "1 United States dollar (US$) = 100 cents" );; line 71786 (wfb::source-text exchange_rates marshall_islands "US currency is used" );; line 71790 (wfb::source-text fiscal_year marshall_islands "1 October - 30 September" );; line 71794 (wfb::source-text railroads marshall_islands "0 km" );; line 71799 (wfb::source-text highways marshall_islands total "NA" );; line 71804 (wfb::source-text port marshall_islands "Majuro" );; line 71811 (wfb::source-text merchant_marine marshall_islands total "37 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 2,205,275 GRT/4,263,247 DWT" );; line 71816 (wfb::source-text merchant_marine marshall_islands ships_by_type "bulk carrier 23, cargo 1, combination ore/oil 1, oil tanker 12" );; line 71818 (wfb::source-text airports marshall_islands total "16" );; line 71823 (wfb::source-text airports marshall_islands |with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m| "3" );; line 71825 (wfb::source-text airports marshall_islands |with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m| "1" );; line 71827 (wfb::source-text airports marshall_islands with_paved_runways_under_914_m "5" );; line 71829 (wfb::source-text airports marshall_islands |with unpaved runways 1,524 to 2,438 m| "1" );; line 71831 (wfb::source-text airports marshall_islands |with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m| "6" );; line 71833 (wfb::source-text telephone_system marshall_islands "570 telephones (Majuro) and 186 telephones (Ebeye); telex services" );; line 71838 (wfb::source-text telephone_system marshall_islands local "NA" );; line 71841 (wfb::source-text telephone_system marshall_islands intercity "islands interconnected by shortwave radio (used mostly for government purposes)" );; line 71843 (wfb::source-text telephone_system marshall_islands international "2 INTELSAT (Pacific Ocean) earth stations; US Government satellite communications system on Kwajalein" );; line 71846 (wfb::source-text radio marshall_islands broadcast_stations "AM 1, FM 2, shortwave 1" );; line 71852 (wfb::source-text radio marshall_islands radios "NA" );; line 71854 (wfb::source-text television marshall_islands broadcast_stations "1" );; line 71859 (wfb::source-text television marshall_islands televisions "NA" );; line 71861 (wfb::source-text defense_branch marshall_islands "no regular military forces; Police" );; line 71867 (wfb::source-text note marshall_islands "defense is the responsibility of the US" );; line 71871 (wfb::source-text location martinique "Caribbean, island in the Caribbean Sea, north of Trinidad and Tobago" );; line 71882 (wfb::source-text map_references martinique "Central America and the Caribbean" );; line 71887 (wfb::source-text area martinique total_area "1,100 sq km" );; line 71892 (wfb::source-text area martinique land_area "1,060 sq km" );; line 71894 (wfb::source-text area martinique comparative_area "slightly more than six times the size of Washington, DC" );; line 71896 (wfb::source-text borders martinique "0 km" );; line 71900 (wfb::source-text coastline martinique "290 km" );; line 71904 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims martinique exclusive_economic_zone "200 nm" );; line 71909 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims martinique territorial_sea "12 nm" );; line 71911 (wfb::source-text international_disputes martinique "none" );; line 71915 (wfb::source-text climate martinique "tropical; moderated by trade winds; rainy season (June to October)" );; line 71919 (wfb::source-text terrain martinique "mountainous with indented coastline; dormant volcano" );; line 71924 (wfb::source-text natural-resource martinique "coastal scenery and beaches, cultivable land" );; line 71928 (wfb::source-text land_use martinique arable_land "10%" );; line 71933 (wfb::source-text land_use martinique permanent_crops "8%" );; line 71935 (wfb::source-text land_use martinique meadows_and_pastures "30%" );; line 71937 (wfb::source-text land_use martinique forest_and_woodland "26%" );; line 71939 (wfb::source-text land_use martinique other "26%" );; line 71941 (wfb::source-text irrigated_land martinique "60 sq km (1989 est.)" );; line 71945 (wfb::source-text environment martinique current_issues "NA" );; line 71950 (wfb::source-text environment martinique natural_hazards "hurricanes, flooding, and volcanic activity (an average of one major natural disaster every five years)" );; line 71952 (wfb::source-text environment martinique international_agreements "NA" );; line 71955 (wfb::source-text population martinique "394,787 (July 1995 est.)" );; line 71961 (wfb::source-text age_structure martinique 0-14_years "23% (female 44,960; male 46,512)" );; line 71966 (wfb::source-text age_structure martinique 15-64_years "67% (female 134,439; male 130,642)" );; line 71968 (wfb::source-text age_structure martinique 65_years_and_over "10% (female 22,058; male 16,176) (July 1995 est.)" );; line 71970 (wfb::source-text population_growth_rate martinique "1.1% (1995 est.)" );; line 71974 (wfb::source-text birth_rate martinique "16.92 births/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 71978 (wfb::source-text death_rate martinique "5.82 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 71982 (wfb::source-text net_migration_rate martinique "-0.1 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 71986 (wfb::source-text infant_mortality_rate martinique "7.3 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.)" );; line 71990 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth martinique total_population "78.67 years" );; line 71995 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth martinique male "75.94 years" );; line 71997 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth martinique female "81.53 years (1995 est.)" );; line 71999 (wfb::source-text total_fertility_rate martinique "1.81 children born/woman (1995 est.)" );; line 72003 (wfb::source-text nationality martinique noun "Martiniquais (singular and plural)" );; line 72008 (wfb::source-text nationality martinique adjective "Martiniquais" );; line 72010 (wfb::source-text ethnic-entity martinique "African and African-Caucasian-Indian mixture 90%, Caucasian 5%, East Indian, Lebanese, Chinese less than 5%" );; line 72014 (wfb::source-text religion martinique "Roman Catholic 95%, Hindu and pagan African 5%" );; line 72019 (wfb::source-text language martinique "French, Creole patois" );; line 72023 (wfb::source-text literacy martinique "age 15 and over can read and write (1982)" );; line 72027 (wfb::source-text literacy martinique total_population "93%" );; line 72029 (wfb::source-text literacy martinique male "92%" );; line 72031 (wfb::source-text literacy martinique female "93%" );; line 72033 (wfb::source-text total_labor_force martinique "100,000" );; line 72037 (wfb::source-text labor_force_by_occupation martinique by_occupation "service industry 31.7%, construction and public works 29.4%, agriculture 13.1%, industry 7.3%, fisheries 2.2%, other 16.3%" );; line 72039 (wfb::source-text names martinique conventional_long_form "Department of Martinique" );; line 72046 (wfb::source-text names martinique conventional_short_form "Martinique" );; line 72048 (wfb::source-text names martinique local_long_form "Departement de la Martinique" );; line 72050 (wfb::source-text names martinique local_short_form "Martinique" );; line 72052 (wfb::source-text digraph martinique "MB" );; line 72056 (wfb::source-text type martinique "overseas department of France" );; line 72060 (wfb::source-text capital martinique "Fort-de-France" );; line 72064 (wfb::source-text administrative_divisions martinique "none (overseas department of France)" );; line 72068 (wfb::source-text independence martinique "none (overseas department of France)" );; line 72072 (wfb::source-text national_holiday martinique "National Day, Taking of the Bastille, 14 July (1789)" );; line 72076 (wfb::source-text constitution martinique "28 September 1958 (French Constitution)" );; line 72080 (wfb::source-text legal_system martinique "French legal system" );; line 72084 (wfb::source-text suffrage martinique "18 years of age; universal" );; line 72088 (wfb::source-text executive_branch martinique chief_of_state "President Francois MITTERRAND (since 21 May 1981)" );; line 72093 (wfb::source-text executive_branch martinique head_of_government "Prefect Michel MORIN (since NA); President of the General Council Claude LISE (since 22 March 1992); President of the Regional Council Emile CAPGRAS (since 22 March 1992)" );; line 72095 (wfb::source-text executive_branch martinique cabinet "Council of Ministers" );; line 72099 (wfb::source-text legislative_structure martinique "unicameral General Council and a unicameral Regional Assembly" );; line 72103 (wfb::source-text legislative_branch martinique general_council "elections last held 25 September and 8 October 1988 (next to be held NA); results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (44 total) number of seats by party NA; note - a leftist coalition obtained a one-seat margin" );; line 72105 (wfb::source-text legislative_branch martinique regional_assembly "elections last held on 22 March 1992 (next to be held by March 1998); results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (41 total) RPR-UDF 16, MIM 9, PPM 9, PCM 5, independents 2" );; line 72110 (wfb::source-text legislative_branch martinique french_senate "elections last held 24 September 1989 (next to be held NA); results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (2 total) UDF 1, PPM 1" );; line 72114 (wfb::source-text legislative_branch martinique french_national_assembly "elections last held NA June 1993 (next to be held NA June 1998); results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (4 total) RPR 3, FSM 1" );; line 72117 (wfb::source-text judicial_branch martinique "Supreme Court" );; line 72122 (wfb::source-text political_parties_and_leaders martinique "Rally for the Republic (RPR), Stephen BAGOE; Union for a Martinique of Progress (UMP); Martinique Progressive Party (PPM), Aime CESAIRE; Socialist Federation of Martinique (FSM), Michel YOYO; Martinique Communist Party (PCM); Martinique Patriots (PM); Union for French Democracy (UDF), Jean MARAN; Martinique Independence Movement (MIM), Alfred MARIE-JEANNE; Republican Party (PR), Jean BAILLY" );; line 72126 (wfb::source-text other_political_or_pressure_groups martinique "Proletarian Action Group (GAP); Alhed Marie-Jeanne Socialist Revolution Group (GRS); Caribbean Revolutionary Alliance (ARC); Central Union for Martinique Workers (CSTM), Marc PULVAR; Frantz Fanon Circle; League of Workers and Peasants; Parti Martiniquais Socialiste (PMS); Association for the Protection of Martinique's Heritage (ecologist)" );; line 72135 (wfb::source-text member_of martinique "FZ, WCL, WFTU" );; line 72143 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us martinique "none (overseas department of France)" );; line 72147 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation martinique "the post closed in August 1993 (overseas department of France)" );; line 72151 (wfb::source-text flag martinique "the flag of France is used" );; line 72155 (wfb::source-text overview martinique "The economy is based on sugarcane, bananas, tourism, and light industry. Agriculture accounts for about 10% of GDP and the small industrial sector for 10%. Sugar production has declined, with most of the sugarcane now used for the production of rum. Banana exports are increasing, going mostly to France. The bulk of meat, vegetable, and grain requirements must be imported, contributing to a chronic trade deficit that requires large annual transfers of aid from France. Tourism has become more important than agricultural exports as a source of foreign exchange. The majority of the work force is employed in the service sector and in administration. Banana workers launched protests late in 1992 because of falling banana prices and fears of greater competition in the European market from other producers." );; line 72160 (wfb::source-text national_product martinique "GDP - purchasing power parity - $3.9 billion (1993 est.)" );; line 72174 (wfb::source-text national_product_real_growth_rate martinique "NA%" );; line 72178 (wfb::source-text national_product_per_capita martinique "$10,000 (1993 est.)" );; line 72182 (wfb::source-text |Inflation rate (consumer prices)| martinique "3.9% (1990)" );; line 72186 (wfb::source-text unemployment_rate martinique "32.1% (1990)" );; line 72190 (wfb::source-text budget martinique revenues "$610 million" );; line 72195 (wfb::source-text budget martinique expenditures "$1.3 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA (1991)" );; line 72197 (wfb::source-text exports martinique "$247 million (f.o.b., 1992)" );; line 72201 (wfb::source-text exports martinique commodities "refined petroleum products, bananas, rum, pineapples" );; line 72203 (wfb::source-text exports martinique partners "France 57%, Guadeloupe 31%, French Guiana (1991)" );; line 72205 (wfb::source-text imports martinique "$1.75 billion (c.i.f., 1992)" );; line 72209 (wfb::source-text imports martinique commodities "petroleum products, crude oil, foodstuffs, construction materials, vehicles, clothing and other consumer goods" );; line 72211 (wfb::source-text imports martinique partners "France 62%, UK, Italy, Germany, Japan, US (1991)" );; line 72214 (wfb::source-text external_debt martinique "$NA" );; line 72218 (wfb::source-text industrial_production martinique "growth rate NA%" );; line 72222 (wfb::source-text electricity martinique capacity "113,100 kW" );; line 72227 (wfb::source-text electricity martinique production "700 million kWh" );; line 72229 (wfb::source-text electricity martinique consumption_per_capita "1,677 kWh (1993)" );; line 72231 (wfb::source-text industry martinique "construction, rum, cement, oil refining, sugar, tourism" );; line 72235 (wfb::source-text agriculture martinique "including fishing and forestry, accounts for about 10% of GDP; principal crops - pineapples, avocados, bananas, flowers, vegetables, sugarcane for rum; dependent on imported food, particularly meat and vegetables" );; line 72239 (wfb::source-text illicit_drugs martinique "transshipment point for cocaine and marijuana bound for the US and Europe" );; line 72245 (wfb::source-text economic_aid martinique recipient "Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-89), $10.1 billion" );; line 72251 (wfb::source-text currency martinique "1 French franc (F) = 100 centimes" );; line 72256 (wfb::source-text exchange_rates martinique "French francs (F) per US$1 - 5.2943 (January 1995), 5.5520 (1994), 5.6632 (1993), 5.2938 (1992), 5.6421 (1991), 5.4453 (1990)" );; line 72260 (wfb::source-text fiscal_year martinique "calendar year" );; line 72265 (wfb::source-text railroads martinique "0 km" );; line 72270 (wfb::source-text highways martinique total "1,680 km" );; line 72275 (wfb::source-text highways martinique paved "1,300 km" );; line 72277 (wfb::source-text highways martinique unpaved "gravel, earth 380 km" );; line 72279 (wfb::source-text port martinique "Fort-de-France, La Trinite" );; line 72283 (wfb::source-text merchant_marine martinique "none" );; line 72287 (wfb::source-text airports martinique total "2" );; line 72292 (wfb::source-text airports martinique |with paved runways over 3,047 m| "1" );; line 72294 (wfb::source-text airports martinique |with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m| "1" );; line 72296 (wfb::source-text telephone_system martinique "68,900 telephones; domestic facilities are adequate" );; line 72301 (wfb::source-text telephone_system martinique local "NA" );; line 72303 (wfb::source-text telephone_system martinique intercity "NA" );; line 72305 (wfb::source-text telephone_system martinique international "interisland microwave radio relay links to Guadeloupe, Dominica, and Saint Lucia; 2 INTELSAT (Atlantic Ocean) earth stations" );; line 72307 (wfb::source-text radio martinique broadcast_stations "AM 1, FM 6, shortwave 0" );; line 72313 (wfb::source-text radio martinique radios "NA" );; line 72315 (wfb::source-text television martinique broadcast_stations "10" );; line 72320 (wfb::source-text television martinique televisions "NA" );; line 72322 (wfb::source-text defense_branch martinique "French forces (Army, Navy, Air Force), Gendarmerie" );; line 72328 (wfb::source-text note martinique "defense is the responsibility of France" );; line 72332 (wfb::source-text location mauritania "Northern Africa, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean, between Senegal and Western Sahara" );; line 72342 (wfb::source-text map_references mauritania "Africa" );; line 72347 (wfb::source-text area mauritania total_area "1,030,700 sq km" );; line 72352 (wfb::source-text area mauritania land_area "1,030,400 sq km" );; line 72354 (wfb::source-text area mauritania comparative_area "slightly larger than three times the size of New Mexico" );; line 72356 (wfb::source-text borders mauritania "total 5,074 km, Algeria 463 km, Mali 2,237 km, Senegal 813 km, Western Sahara 1,561 km" );; line 72360 (wfb::source-text coastline mauritania "754 km" );; line 72365 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims mauritania contiguous_zone "24 nm" );; line 72370 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims mauritania continental_shelf "200 nm or to the edge of the continental margin" );; line 72372 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims mauritania exclusive_economic_zone "200 nm" );; line 72374 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims mauritania territorial_sea "12 nm" );; line 72376 (wfb::source-text international_disputes mauritania "boundary with Senegal in dispute" );; line 72380 (wfb::source-text climate mauritania "desert; constantly hot, dry, dusty" );; line 72384 (wfb::source-text terrain mauritania "mostly barren, flat plains of the Sahara; some central hills" );; line 72388 (wfb::source-text natural-resource mauritania "iron ore, gypsum, fish, copper, phosphate" );; line 72392 (wfb::source-text land_use mauritania arable_land "1%" );; line 72397 (wfb::source-text land_use mauritania permanent_crops "0%" );; line 72399 (wfb::source-text land_use mauritania meadows_and_pastures "38%" );; line 72401 (wfb::source-text land_use mauritania forest_and_woodland "5%" );; line 72403 (wfb::source-text land_use mauritania other "56%" );; line 72405 (wfb::source-text irrigated_land mauritania "120 sq km (1989 est.)" );; line 72409 (wfb::source-text environment mauritania current_issues "overgrazing, deforestation, and soil erosion aggravated by drought are contributing to desertification; very limited natural fresh water resources away from the Senegal which is the only perennial river" );; line 72414 (wfb::source-text environment mauritania natural_hazards "hot, dry, dust/sand-laden sirocco wind blows primarily in March and April; periodic droughts" );; line 72418 (wfb::source-text environment mauritania international_agreements "party to - Climate Change, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands; signed, but not ratified - Biodiversity, Desertification, Law of the Sea" );; line 72421 (wfb::source-text note mauritania "most of the population concentrated along the Senegal River in the southern part of the country" );; line 72427 (wfb::source-text population mauritania "2,263,202 (July 1995 est.)" );; line 72434 (wfb::source-text age_structure mauritania 0-14_years "48% (female 544,674; male 551,099)" );; line 72439 (wfb::source-text age_structure mauritania 15-64_years "49% (female 574,282; male 542,762)" );; line 72441 (wfb::source-text age_structure mauritania 65_years_and_over "3% (female 28,955; male 21,430) (July 1995 est.)" );; line 72443 (wfb::source-text population_growth_rate mauritania "3.17% (1995 est.)" );; line 72447 (wfb::source-text birth_rate mauritania "47.32 births/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 72451 (wfb::source-text death_rate mauritania "15.66 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 72455 (wfb::source-text net_migration_rate mauritania "0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 72459 (wfb::source-text infant_mortality_rate mauritania "83.5 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.)" );; line 72463 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth mauritania total_population "48.54 years" );; line 72468 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth mauritania male "45.66 years" );; line 72470 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth mauritania female "51.54 years (1995 est.)" );; line 72472 (wfb::source-text total_fertility_rate mauritania "6.92 children born/woman (1995 est.)" );; line 72476 (wfb::source-text nationality mauritania noun "Mauritanian(s)" );; line 72481 (wfb::source-text nationality mauritania adjective "Mauritanian" );; line 72483 (wfb::source-text ethnic-entity mauritania "mixed Maur/black 40%, Maur 30%, black 30%" );; line 72487 (wfb::source-text religion mauritania "Muslim 100%" );; line 72491 (wfb::source-text language mauritania "Hasaniya Arabic (official), Pular, Soninke, Wolof (official)" );; line 72495 (wfb::source-text literacy mauritania "age 15 and over can read and write (1988)" );; line 72499 (wfb::source-text literacy mauritania total_population "35%" );; line 72501 (wfb::source-text literacy mauritania male "46%" );; line 72503 (wfb::source-text literacy mauritania female "25%" );; line 72505 (wfb::source-text total_labor_force mauritania "465,000 (1981 est.); 45,000 wage earners (1980)" );; line 72509 (wfb::source-text labor_force_by_occupation mauritania by_occupation "agriculture 47%, services 29%, industry and commerce 14%, government 10%" );; line 72511 (wfb::source-text names mauritania conventional_long_form "Islamic Republic of Mauritania" );; line 72518 (wfb::source-text names mauritania conventional_short_form "Mauritania" );; line 72520 (wfb::source-text names mauritania local_long_form "Al Jumhuriyah al Islamiyah al Muritaniyah" );; line 72522 (wfb::source-text names mauritania local_short_form "Muritaniyah" );; line 72524 (wfb::source-text digraph mauritania "MR" );; line 72528 (wfb::source-text type mauritania "republic" );; line 72532 (wfb::source-text capital mauritania "Nouakchott" );; line 72536 (wfb::source-text administrative_divisions mauritania "12 regions (regions, singular - region); Adrar, Assaba, Brakna, Dakhlet Nouadhibou, Gorgol, Guidimaka, Hodh ech Chargui, Hodh el Gharbi, Inchiri, Tagant, Tiris Zemmour, Trarza" );; line 72540 (wfb::source-text independence mauritania "28 November 1960 (from France)" );; line 72548 (wfb::source-text national_holiday mauritania "Independence Day, 28 November (1960)" );; line 72552 (wfb::source-text constitution mauritania "12 July 1991" );; line 72556 (wfb::source-text legal_system mauritania "three-tier system: Islamic (Shari'a) courts, special courts, state security courts (in the process of being eliminated)" );; line 72560 (wfb::source-text suffrage mauritania "18 years of age; universal" );; line 72565 (wfb::source-text executive_branch mauritania chief_of_state_and_head_of_government "President Col. Maaouya Ould Sid'Ahmed TAYA (since 12 December 1984); election last held NA January 1992 (next to be held NA January 1998); results - President Col. Maaouya Ould Sid 'Ahmed TAYA elected" );; line 72570 (wfb::source-text executive_branch mauritania cabinet "Council of Ministers" );; line 72574 (wfb::source-text legislative_structure mauritania "bicameral legislature" );; line 72578 (wfb::source-text legislative_branch mauritania |Senate (Majlis al-Shuyukh)| "elections last held 15 April 1994 (nex to be held NA 1996); results - percent of vote by party NA; seats (56 total, with 17 up for election every two years) PRDS 16, UFD/NE 1" );; line 72580 (wfb::source-text legislative_branch mauritania |National Assembly (Majlis al-Watani)| "elections last held 6 and 13 March 1992 (next to be held NA March 1997); results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (79 total) UFD/NE 67, PMR 1, RDU 1, independents 10" );; line 72584 (wfb::source-text judicial_branch mauritania "Supreme Court (Cour Supreme)" );; line 72590 (wfb::source-text political_parties_and_leaders mauritania "legalized by constitution passed 12 July 1991, however, politics continue to be tribally based; emerging parties include Democratic and Social Republican Party (PRDS), led by President Col. Maaouya Ould Sid'Ahmed TAYA; Union of Democratic Forces-New Era (UFD/NE), headed by Ahmed Ould DADDAH; Assembly for Democracy and Unity (RDU), Ahmed Ould SIDI BABA; Popular Social and Democratic Union (UPSD), Mohamed Mahmoud Ould MAH; Mauritanian Party for Renewal (PMR), Hameida BOUCHRAYA; National Avant-Garde Party (PAN), Khattry Ould JIDDOU; Mauritanian Party of the Democratic Center (PCDM), Bamba Ould SIDI BADI" );; line 72594 (wfb::source-text other_political_or_pressure_groups mauritania "Mauritanian Workers Union (UTM)" );; line 72606 (wfb::source-text member_of mauritania "ABEDA, ACCT (associate), ACP, AfDB, AFESD, AL, AMF, AMU, CAEU, CCC, CEAO, ECA, ECOWAS, FAO, G-77, GATT, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, ITU, NAM, OAU, OIC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO" );; line 72610 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us mauritania chief_of_mission "Ambassador Ismail Ould IYAHI (since 22 September 1994)" );; line 72618 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us mauritania chancery "2129 Leroy Place NW, Washington, DC 20008" );; line 72620 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us mauritania telephone "[1] (202) 232-5700" );; line 72622 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation mauritania chief_of_mission "Ambassador Dorothy Myers SAMPAS" );; line 72627 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation mauritania embassy "address NA, Nouakchott" );; line 72629 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation mauritania mailing_address "B. P. 222, Nouakchott" );; line 72631 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation mauritania telephone "[222] (2) 526-60, 526-63" );; line 72633 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation mauritania fax "[222] (2) 515-92" );; line 72635 (wfb::source-text flag mauritania "green with a yellow five-pointed star above a yellow, horizontal crescent; the closed side of the crescent is down; the crescent, star, and color green are traditional symbols of Islam" );; line 72639 (wfb::source-text overview mauritania "A majority of the population still depends on agriculture and livestock for a livelihood, even though most of the nomads and many subsistence farmers were forced into the cities by recurrent droughts in the 1970s and 1980s. Mauritania has extensive deposits of iron ore, which account for almost 50% of total exports. The decline in world demand for this ore, however, has led to cutbacks in production. The nation's coastal waters are among the richest fishing areas in the world, but overexploitation by foreigners threatens this key source of revenue. The country's first deepwater port opened near Nouakchott in 1986. In recent years, drought and economic mismanagement have resulted in a substantial buildup of foreign debt. The government has begun the second stage of an economic reform program in consultation with the World Bank, the IMF, and major donor countries. Short-term growth prospects are gloomy because of the heavy debt service burden, rapid population growth, and vulnerability to climatic conditions." );; line 72646 (wfb::source-text national_product mauritania "GDP - purchasing power parity - $2.4 billion (1993 est.)" );; line 72663 (wfb::source-text national_product_real_growth_rate mauritania "5% (1993 est.)" );; line 72667 (wfb::source-text national_product_per_capita mauritania "$1,110 (1994 est.)" );; line 72671 (wfb::source-text |Inflation rate (consumer prices)| mauritania "10% (1993)" );; line 72675 (wfb::source-text unemployment_rate mauritania "20% (1991 est.)" );; line 72679 (wfb::source-text budget mauritania revenues "$280 million" );; line 72684 (wfb::source-text budget mauritania expenditures "$346 million, including capital expenditures of $61 million (1989 est.)" );; line 72686 (wfb::source-text exports mauritania "$401 million (f.o.b., 1993 est.)" );; line 72691 (wfb::source-text exports mauritania commodities "iron ore, fish and fish products" );; line 72693 (wfb::source-text exports mauritania partners "Japan 27%, Italy, Belgium, Luxembourg" );; line 72695 (wfb::source-text imports mauritania "$378 million (c.i.f., 1993 est.)" );; line 72699 (wfb::source-text imports mauritania commodities "foodstuffs, consumer goods, petroleum products, capital goods" );; line 72701 (wfb::source-text imports mauritania partners "Algeria 15%, China 6%, US 3%, France, Germany, Spain, Italy" );; line 72703 (wfb::source-text external_debt mauritania "$1.9 billion (1992 est.)" );; line 72707 (wfb::source-text industrial_production mauritania "growth rate NA%; accounts for almost 30% of GDP" );; line 72711 (wfb::source-text electricity mauritania capacity "110,000 kW" );; line 72716 (wfb::source-text electricity mauritania production "135 million kWh" );; line 72718 (wfb::source-text electricity mauritania consumption_per_capita "61 kWh (1993)" );; line 72720 (wfb::source-text industry mauritania "fish processing, mining of iron ore and gypsum" );; line 72724 (wfb::source-text agriculture mauritania "accounts for 25% of GDP (including fishing); largely subsistence farming and nomadic cattle and sheep herding except in Senegal river valley; crops - dates, millet, sorghum, root crops; fish products number-one export; large food deficit in years of drought" );; line 72728 (wfb::source-text economic_aid mauritania recipient "US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-89), $168 million; Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-89), $1.3 billion; OPEC bilateral aid (1979-89), $490 million; Communist countries (1970-89), $277 million; Arab Development Bank (1991), $20 million" );; line 72736 (wfb::source-text currency mauritania "1 ouguiya (UM) = 5 khoums" );; line 72743 (wfb::source-text exchange_rates mauritania "ouguiyas (UM) per US$1 - 125.910 (January 1995), 123.575 (1994), 120.806 (1993),87.027 (1992), 81.946 (1991), 80.609 (1990)" );; line 72747 (wfb::source-text fiscal_year mauritania "calendar year" );; line 72752 (wfb::source-text railroads mauritania total "690 km (single track); note - owned and operated by government mining company" );; line 72758 (wfb::source-text railroads mauritania standard_gauge "690 km 1.435-m gauge" );; line 72761 (wfb::source-text highways mauritania total "7,525 km" );; line 72766 (wfb::source-text highways mauritania paved "1,685 km" );; line 72768 (wfb::source-text highways mauritania unpaved "gravel, crushed stone, otherwise improved 1,040 km; unimproved earth 4,800 km (roads, trails, tracks)" );; line 72770 (wfb::source-text inland_waterways mauritania "mostly ferry traffic on the Senegal River" );; line 72775 (wfb::source-text port mauritania "Bogue, Kaedi, Nouadhibou, Nouakchott, Rosso" );; line 72779 (wfb::source-text merchant_marine mauritania "none" );; line 72783 (wfb::source-text airports mauritania total "28" );; line 72788 (wfb::source-text airports mauritania |with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m| "3" );; line 72790 (wfb::source-text airports mauritania |with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m| "4" );; line 72792 (wfb::source-text airports mauritania |with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m| "1" );; line 72794 (wfb::source-text airports mauritania with_paved_runways_under_914_m "2" );; line 72796 (wfb::source-text airports mauritania |with unpaved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m| "2" );; line 72798 (wfb::source-text airports mauritania |with unpaved runways 1,524 to 2,438 m| "6" );; line 72800 (wfb::source-text airports mauritania |with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m| "10" );; line 72802 (wfb::source-text telephone_system mauritania "NA telephones; poor system of cable and open-wire lines, minor microwave radio relay links, and radio communications stations (improvements being made)" );; line 72807 (wfb::source-text telephone_system mauritania local "NA" );; line 72811 (wfb::source-text telephone_system mauritania intercity "mostly cable and open wire lines" );; line 72813 (wfb::source-text telephone_system mauritania international "1 INTELSAT (Atlantic Ocean) and 2 ARABSAT earth stations, with six planned" );; line 72815 (wfb::source-text radio mauritania broadcast_stations "AM 2, FM 0, shortwave 0" );; line 72821 (wfb::source-text radio mauritania radios "NA" );; line 72823 (wfb::source-text television mauritania broadcast_stations "1" );; line 72828 (wfb::source-text television mauritania televisions "NA" );; line 72830 (wfb::source-text defense_branch mauritania "Army, Navy, Air Force, National Gendarmerie, National Guard, National Police, Presidential Guard" );; line 72836 (wfb::source-text manpower_availability mauritania "males age 15-49 483,916; males fit for military service 236,323" );; line 72841 (wfb::source-text defense_expenditures mauritania "exchange rate conversion - $36 million, 2.7% of GDP (1994)" );; line 72845 (wfb::source-text location mauritius "Southern Africa, island in the Indian Ocean, east of Madagascar" );; line 72855 (wfb::source-text map_references mauritius "World" );; line 72859 (wfb::source-text area mauritius total_area "1,860 sq km" );; line 72864 (wfb::source-text area mauritius land_area "1,850 sq km" );; line 72866 (wfb::source-text area mauritius comparative_area "slightly less than 10.5 times the size of Washington, DC" );; line 72868 (wfb::source-text borders mauritius "0 km" );; line 72875 (wfb::source-text coastline mauritius "177 km" );; line 72879 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims mauritius continental_shelf "200 nm or to the edge of the continental margin" );; line 72884 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims mauritius exclusive_economic_zone "200 nm" );; line 72886 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims mauritius territorial_sea "12 nm" );; line 72888 (wfb::source-text international_disputes mauritius "claims UK-administered Chagos Archipelago, which includes the island of Diego Garcia in UK-administered British Indian Ocean Territory; claims French-administered Tromelin Island" );; line 72892 (wfb::source-text climate mauritius "tropical, modified by southeast trade winds; warm, dry winter (May to November); hot, wet, humid summer (November to May)" );; line 72898 (wfb::source-text terrain mauritius "small coastal plain rising to discontinuous mountains encircling central plateau" );; line 72903 (wfb::source-text natural-resource mauritius "arable land, fish" );; line 72908 (wfb::source-text land_use mauritius arable_land "54%" );; line 72913 (wfb::source-text land_use mauritius permanent_crops "4%" );; line 72915 (wfb::source-text land_use mauritius meadows_and_pastures "4%" );; line 72917 (wfb::source-text land_use mauritius forest_and_woodland "31%" );; line 72919 (wfb::source-text land_use mauritius other "7%" );; line 72921 (wfb::source-text irrigated_land mauritius "170 sq km (1989 est.)" );; line 72925 (wfb::source-text environment mauritius current_issues "water pollution" );; line 72930 (wfb::source-text environment mauritius natural_hazards "cyclones (November to April); almost completely surrounded by reefs that may pose maritime hazards" );; line 72932 (wfb::source-text environment mauritius international_agreements "party to - Biodiversity, Climate Change, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Life Conservation, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection" );; line 72935 (wfb::source-text population mauritius "1,127,068 (July 1995 est.)" );; line 72943 (wfb::source-text age_structure mauritius 0-14_years "28% (female 152,892; male 158,891)" );; line 72948 (wfb::source-text age_structure mauritius 15-64_years "66% (female 376,049; male 372,910)" );; line 72950 (wfb::source-text age_structure mauritius 65_years_and_over "6% (female 39,088; male 27,238) (July 1995 est.)" );; line 72952 (wfb::source-text population_growth_rate mauritius "0.89% (1995 est.)" );; line 72956 (wfb::source-text birth_rate mauritius "18.91 births/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 72960 (wfb::source-text death_rate mauritius "6.38 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 72964 (wfb::source-text net_migration_rate mauritius "-3.64 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 72968 (wfb::source-text infant_mortality_rate mauritius "17.8 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.)" );; line 72972 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth mauritius total_population "70.84 years" );; line 72977 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth mauritius male "66.9 years" );; line 72979 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth mauritius female "74.95 years (1995 est.)" );; line 72981 (wfb::source-text total_fertility_rate mauritius "2.2 children born/woman (1995 est.)" );; line 72985 (wfb::source-text nationality mauritius noun "Mauritian(s)" );; line 72990 (wfb::source-text nationality mauritius adjective "Mauritian" );; line 72992 (wfb::source-text ethnic-entity mauritius "Indo-Mauritian 68%, Creole 27%, Sino-Mauritian 3%, Franco-Mauritian 2%" );; line 72996 (wfb::source-text religion mauritius "Hindu 52%, Christian 28.3% (Roman Catholic 26%, Protestant 2.3%), Muslim 16.6%, other 3.1%" );; line 73001 (wfb::source-text language mauritius "English (official), Creole, French, Hindi, Urdu, Hakka, Bojpoori" );; line 73006 (wfb::source-text literacy mauritius "age 15 and over can read and write (1990)" );; line 73010 (wfb::source-text literacy mauritius total_population "80%" );; line 73012 (wfb::source-text literacy mauritius male "85%" );; line 73014 (wfb::source-text literacy mauritius female "75%" );; line 73016 (wfb::source-text total_labor_force mauritius "335,000" );; line 73020 (wfb::source-text labor_force_by_occupation mauritius by_occupation "government services 29%, agriculture and fishing 27%, manufacturing 22%, other 22%" );; line 73022 (wfb::source-text names mauritius conventional_long_form "Republic of Mauritius" );; line 73029 (wfb::source-text names mauritius conventional_short_form "Mauritius" );; line 73031 (wfb::source-text digraph mauritius "MP" );; line 73035 (wfb::source-text type mauritius "parliamentary democracy" );; line 73039 (wfb::source-text capital mauritius "Port Louis" );; line 73043 (wfb::source-text administrative_divisions mauritius "9 districts and 3 dependencies*; Agalega Islands*, Black River, Cargados Carajos*, Flacq, Grand Port, Moka, Pamplemousses, Plaines Wilhems, Port Louis, Riviere du Rempart, Rodrigues*, Savanne" );; line 73047 (wfb::source-text independence mauritius "12 March 1968 (from UK)" );; line 73053 (wfb::source-text national_holiday mauritius "Independence Day, 12 March (1968)" );; line 73057 (wfb::source-text constitution mauritius "12 March 1968; amended 12 March 1992" );; line 73061 (wfb::source-text legal_system mauritius "based on French civil law system with elements of English common law in certain areas" );; line 73065 (wfb::source-text suffrage mauritius "18 years of age; universal" );; line 73070 (wfb::source-text executive_branch mauritius chief_of_state "President Cassam UTEEM (since 1 July 1992); Vice President Rabindranath GHURBURRON (since 1 July 1992)" );; line 73075 (wfb::source-text executive_branch mauritius head_of_government "Prime Minister Sir Anerood JUGNAUTH (since 12 June 1982); Deputy Prime Minister Prem NABABSING (since 26 September 1990)" );; line 73078 (wfb::source-text executive_branch mauritius cabinet "Council of Ministers; appointed by the president on recommendation of the prime minister" );; line 73081 (wfb::source-text legislative_structure mauritius "unicameral" );; line 73086 (wfb::source-text legislative_branch mauritius legislative_assembly "elections last held on 15 September 1991 (next to be held by 15 September 1996); results - MSM/MMM 53%, MLP/PMSD 38%; seats - (66 total) MSM/MMM alliance 59 (MSM 29, MMM 26, OPR 2, MTD 2), MLP/PMSD 4 (MLP 3, PMSD 1); note - the Supreme Court denied the assignment of 3 seats to the MSM" );; line 73088 (wfb::source-text judicial_branch mauritius "Supreme Court" );; line 73095 (wfb::source-text political_parties_and_leaders mauritius government_coalition "Militant Socialist Movement (MSM), A. JUGNAUTH; Mauritian Militant Resurgence (RMM), Prem NABABSING (less 10 legislators under the leadership of Paul BERENGER, now voting with the opposition); Mauritian Social Democratic Party (PMSD), X. DUVAL; Organization of the People of Rodrigues (OPR), Louis Serge CLAIR; Democratic Labor Movement (MTD), Anil BAICHOO" );; line 73100 (wfb::source-text political_parties_and_leaders mauritius opposition "Mauritian Labor Party (MLP), Navin RAMGOOLMAN; MMM-Berenger Faction, Paul BERENGER; Socialist Workers Front, Sylvio MICHEL" );; line 73106 (wfb::source-text other_political_or_pressure_groups mauritius "various labor unions" );; line 73111 (wfb::source-text member_of mauritius "ACCT, ACP, AfDB, C, CCC, ECA, FAO, G-77, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, INMARSAT, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, ISO (correspondent), ITU, NAM, OAU, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO" );; line 73115 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us mauritius chief_of_mission "Ambassador Anund Priyay NEEWOOR" );; line 73123 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us mauritius chancery "Suite 441, 4301 Connecticut Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008" );; line 73125 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us mauritius telephone "[1] (202) 244-1491, 1492" );; line 73127 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us mauritius fax "[1] (202) 966-0983" );; line 73129 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation mauritius chief_of_mission "Ambassador Leslie M. ALEXANDER" );; line 73134 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation mauritius embassy "4th Floor, Rogers House, John Kennedy Street, Port Louis" );; line 73136 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation mauritius mailing_address "use embassy street address" );; line 73138 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation mauritius telephone "[230] 208-9763 through 9767" );; line 73140 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation mauritius fax "[230] 208-9534" );; line 73142 (wfb::source-text flag mauritius "four equal horizontal bands of red (top), blue, yellow, and green" );; line 73146 (wfb::source-text overview mauritius "Since independence in 1968, Mauritius has developed from a low income, agriculturally based economy to middle income diversified economy with growing industrial and tourist sectors. For most of the period annual growth has been of the order of 5% to 6%. This remarkable achievement has been reflected in increased life expectancy, lowered infant mortality, and a much improved infrastructure. Sugarcane is grown on about 90% of the cultivated land area and accounts for 40% of export earnings. The government's development strategy centers on industrialization (with a view to modernization and to exports), agricultural diversification, and tourism. Economic performance in 1991-93 continued strong with solid real growth and low unemployment." );; line 73151 (wfb::source-text national_product mauritius "GDP - purchasing power parity - $9.3 billion (1993 est.)" );; line 73164 (wfb::source-text national_product_real_growth_rate mauritius "4.7% (1993 est.)" );; line 73168 (wfb::source-text national_product_per_capita mauritius "$8,600 (1994 est.)" );; line 73172 (wfb::source-text |Inflation rate (consumer prices)| mauritius "9.4% (1993 est.)" );; line 73176 (wfb::source-text unemployment_rate mauritius "2.4% (1991 est.)" );; line 73180 (wfb::source-text budget mauritius revenues "$653 million" );; line 73185 (wfb::source-text budget mauritius expenditures "$567 million, including capital expenditures of $143 million (FY92/93 est.)" );; line 73187 (wfb::source-text exports mauritius "$1.32 billion (f.o.b., 1993 est.)" );; line 73192 (wfb::source-text exports mauritius commodities "textiles 44%, sugar 40%, light manufactures 10%" );; line 73194 (wfb::source-text exports mauritius partners "EC and US have preferential treatment, EC 77%, US 15%" );; line 73196 (wfb::source-text imports mauritius "$1.7 billion (f.o.b., 1993 est.)" );; line 73200 (wfb::source-text imports mauritius commodities "manufactured goods 50%, capital equipment 17%, foodstuffs 13%, petroleum products 8%, chemicals 7%" );; line 73202 (wfb::source-text imports mauritius partners "EC, US, South Africa, Japan" );; line 73205 (wfb::source-text external_debt mauritius "$996.8 million (1993 est.)" );; line 73209 (wfb::source-text industrial_production mauritius "growth rate 5.8% (1992); accounts for 25% of GDP" );; line 73213 (wfb::source-text electricity mauritius capacity "340,000 kW" );; line 73218 (wfb::source-text electricity mauritius production "920 million kWh" );; line 73220 (wfb::source-text electricity mauritius consumption_per_capita "777 kWh (1993)" );; line 73222 (wfb::source-text industry mauritius "food processing (largely sugar milling), textiles, wearing apparel, chemicals, metal products, transport equipment, nonelectrical machinery, tourism" );; line 73226 (wfb::source-text agriculture mauritius "accounts for 10% of GDP; about 90% of cultivated land in sugarcane; other products - tea, corn, potatoes, bananas, pulses, cattle, goats, fish; net food importer, especially rice and fish" );; line 73232 (wfb::source-text illicit_drugs mauritius "illicit producer of cannabis for the international drug trade; heroin consumption and transshipment are growing problems" );; line 73238 (wfb::source-text economic_aid mauritius recipient "US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-89), $76 million; Western (non-US) countries (1970-89), $709 million; Communist countries (1970-89), $54 million" );; line 73244 (wfb::source-text currency mauritius "1 Mauritian rupee (MauR) = 100 cents" );; line 73250 (wfb::source-text exchange_rates mauritius "Mauritian rupees (MauRs) per US$1 - 17.755 (January 1995), 17.960 (1994), 17.648 (1993), 15.563 (1992), 15.652 (1991), 14.839 (1990)" );; line 73254 (wfb::source-text fiscal_year mauritius "1 July - 30 June" );; line 73259 (wfb::source-text railroads mauritius "0 km" );; line 73264 (wfb::source-text highways mauritius total "1,800 km" );; line 73269 (wfb::source-text highways mauritius paved "1,640 km" );; line 73271 (wfb::source-text highways mauritius unpaved "earth 160 km" );; line 73273 (wfb::source-text port mauritius "Port Louis" );; line 73277 (wfb::source-text merchant_marine mauritius total "16 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 191,703 GRT/297,347 DWT" );; line 73282 (wfb::source-text merchant_marine mauritius ships_by_type "bulk 5, cargo 8, liquefied gas tanker 1, oil tanker 1, passenger-cargo 1" );; line 73284 (wfb::source-text airports mauritius total "5" );; line 73290 (wfb::source-text airports mauritius |with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m| "1" );; line 73292 (wfb::source-text airports mauritius |with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m| "1" );; line 73294 (wfb::source-text airports mauritius with_paved_runways_under_914_m "2" );; line 73296 (wfb::source-text airports mauritius |with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m| "1" );; line 73298 (wfb::source-text telephone_system mauritius "over 48,000 telephones; small system with good service" );; line 73303 (wfb::source-text telephone_system mauritius local "NA" );; line 73305 (wfb::source-text telephone_system mauritius intercity "utilizes primarily microwave radio relay" );; line 73307 (wfb::source-text telephone_system mauritius international "1 INTELSAT (Indian Ocean) earth station; new microwave link to Reunion; high-frequency radio links to several countries" );; line 73309 (wfb::source-text radio mauritius broadcast_stations "AM 2, FM 0, shortwave 0" );; line 73315 (wfb::source-text radio mauritius radios "NA" );; line 73317 (wfb::source-text television mauritius broadcast_stations "4" );; line 73322 (wfb::source-text television mauritius televisions "NA" );; line 73324 (wfb::source-text defense_branch mauritius "National Police Force (includes the paramilitary Special Mobile Force or SMF, Special Support Units or SSU, and National Coast Guard)" );; line 73330 (wfb::source-text manpower_availability mauritius "males age 15-49 321,947; males fit for military service 163,904 (1995 est.)" );; line 73335 (wfb::source-text defense_expenditures mauritius "exchange rate conversion - $11.2 million, 0.4% of GDP (FY92/93)" );; line 73340 (wfb::source-text location mayotte "Southern Africa, island in the Mozambique Channel, about one-half of the way from northern Madagascar to northern Mozambique" );; line 73351 (wfb::source-text map_references mayotte "Africa" );; line 73356 (wfb::source-text area mayotte total_area "375 sq km" );; line 73361 (wfb::source-text area mayotte land_area "375 sq km" );; line 73363 (wfb::source-text area mayotte comparative_area "slightly more than twice the size of Washington, DC" );; line 73365 (wfb::source-text borders mayotte "0 km" );; line 73369 (wfb::source-text coastline mayotte "185.2 km" );; line 73373 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims mayotte exclusive_economic_zone "200 nm" );; line 73378 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims mayotte territorial_sea "12 nm" );; line 73380 (wfb::source-text international_disputes mayotte "claimed by Comoros" );; line 73384 (wfb::source-text climate mayotte "tropical; marine; hot, humid, rainy season during northeastern monsoon (November to May); dry season is cooler (May to November)" );; line 73388 (wfb::source-text terrain mayotte "generally undulating with ancient volcanic peaks, deep ravines" );; line 73393 (wfb::source-text natural-resource mayotte "negligible" );; line 73397 (wfb::source-text land_use mayotte arable_land "NA%" );; line 73402 (wfb::source-text land_use mayotte permanent_crops "NA%" );; line 73404 (wfb::source-text land_use mayotte meadows_and_pastures "NA%" );; line 73406 (wfb::source-text land_use mayotte forest_and_woodland "NA%" );; line 73408 (wfb::source-text land_use mayotte other "NA%" );; line 73410 (wfb::source-text irrigated_land mayotte "NA sq km" );; line 73414 (wfb::source-text environment mayotte current_issues "NA" );; line 73419 (wfb::source-text environment mayotte natural_hazards "cyclones during rainy season" );; line 73421 (wfb::source-text environment mayotte international_agreements "NA" );; line 73423 (wfb::source-text note mayotte "part of Comoro Archipelago" );; line 73427 (wfb::source-text population mayotte "97,088 (July 1995 est.)" );; line 73433 (wfb::source-text age_structure mayotte 0-14_years "49% (female 23,910; male 24,120)" );; line 73438 (wfb::source-text age_structure mayotte 15-64_years "48% (female 22,824; male 23,935)" );; line 73440 (wfb::source-text age_structure mayotte 65_years_and_over "3% (female 1,165; male 1,134) (July 1995 est.)" );; line 73442 (wfb::source-text population_growth_rate mayotte "3.8% (1995 est.)" );; line 73446 (wfb::source-text birth_rate mayotte "48.44 births/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 73450 (wfb::source-text death_rate mayotte "10.46 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 73454 (wfb::source-text net_migration_rate mayotte "0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 73458 (wfb::source-text infant_mortality_rate mayotte "77.3 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.)" );; line 73462 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth mayotte total_population "58.27 years" );; line 73467 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth mayotte male "56.04 years" );; line 73469 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth mayotte female "60.57 years (1995 est.)" );; line 73471 (wfb::source-text total_fertility_rate mayotte "6.71 children born/woman (1995 est.)" );; line 73475 (wfb::source-text nationality mayotte noun "Mahorais (singular and plural)" );; line 73480 (wfb::source-text nationality mayotte adjective "Mahoran" );; line 73482 (wfb::source-text ethnic-entity mayotte "NA" );; line 73486 (wfb::source-text religion mayotte "Muslim 99%, Christian (mostly Roman Catholic)" );; line 73490 (wfb::source-text language mayotte "Mahorian (a Swahili dialect), French" );; line 73494 (wfb::source-text literacy mayotte "NA%" );; line 73498 (wfb::source-text total_labor_force mayotte "NA" );; line 73502 (wfb::source-text names mayotte conventional_long_form "Territorial Collectivity of Mayotte" );; line 73508 (wfb::source-text names mayotte conventional_short_form "Mayotte" );; line 73510 (wfb::source-text digraph mayotte "MF" );; line 73514 (wfb::source-text type mayotte "territorial collectivity of France" );; line 73518 (wfb::source-text capital mayotte "Mamoutzou" );; line 73522 (wfb::source-text administrative_divisions mayotte "none (territorial collectivity of France)" );; line 73526 (wfb::source-text independence mayotte "none (territorial collectivity of France)" );; line 73530 (wfb::source-text national_holiday mayotte "National Day, Taking of the Bastille, 14 July (1789)" );; line 73534 (wfb::source-text constitution mayotte "28 September 1958 (French Constitution)" );; line 73538 (wfb::source-text legal_system mayotte "French law" );; line 73542 (wfb::source-text suffrage mayotte "18 years of age; universal" );; line 73546 (wfb::source-text executive_branch mayotte chief_of_state "President Francois MITTERRAND (since 21 May 1981)" );; line 73551 (wfb::source-text executive_branch mayotte head_of_government "Prefect Jean-Jacques DERACQ (since NA); President of the General Council Younoussa BAMANA (since NA 1976)" );; line 73553 (wfb::source-text legislative_structure mayotte "unicameral" );; line 73558 (wfb::source-text legislative_branch mayotte |General Council (Conseil General)| "elections last held NA March 1994 (next to be held NA); results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (19 total) MPM 12, RPR 4, independents 3" );; line 73560 (wfb::source-text legislative_branch mayotte french_senate "elections last held on 24 September 1989 (next to be held NA September 1995); results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (1 total) MPM 1" );; line 73563 (wfb::source-text legislative_branch mayotte french_national_assembly "elections last held 21 and 28 March 1993 (next to be held NA 1998); results - UDF-CDS 54.3%, RPR 44.3%; seats - (1 total) UDF-CDS 1" );; line 73566 (wfb::source-text judicial_branch mayotte "Supreme Court (Tribunal Superieur d'Appel)" );; line 73571 (wfb::source-text political_parties_and_leaders mayotte "Mahoran Popular Movement (MPM), Younoussa BAMANA; Party for the Mahoran Democratic Rally (PRDM), Daroueche MAOULIDA; Mahoran Rally for the Republic (RPR), Mansour KAMARDINE; Union for French Democracy (UDF), Maoulida AHMED; Center of Social Democrats (CDS)," );; line 73575 (wfb::source-text member_of mayotte "FZ" );; line 73582 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us mayotte "none (territorial collectivity of France)" );; line 73586 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation mayotte "none (territorial collectivity of France)" );; line 73590 (wfb::source-text flag mayotte "the flag of France is used" );; line 73594 (wfb::source-text overview mayotte "Economic activity is based primarily on the agricultural sector, including fishing and livestock raising. Mayotte is not self-sufficient and must import a large portion of its food requirements, mainly from France. The economy and future development of the island are heavily dependent on French financial assistance. Mayotte's remote location is an obstacle to the development of tourism." );; line 73599 (wfb::source-text national_product mayotte "GDP - purchasing power parity - $54 million (1993 est.)" );; line 73608 (wfb::source-text national_product_real_growth_rate mayotte "NA%" );; line 73612 (wfb::source-text national_product_per_capita mayotte "$600 (1993 est.)" );; line 73616 (wfb::source-text |Inflation rate (consumer prices)| mayotte "NA%" );; line 73620 (wfb::source-text unemployment_rate mayotte "NA%" );; line 73624 (wfb::source-text budget mayotte revenues "$NA" );; line 73629 (wfb::source-text budget mayotte expenditures "$37.3 million, including capital expenditures of $NA (1985 est.)" );; line 73631 (wfb::source-text exports mayotte "$4 million (f.o.b., 1984)" );; line 73635 (wfb::source-text exports mayotte commodities "ylang-ylang, vanilla" );; line 73637 (wfb::source-text exports mayotte partners "France 79%, Comoros 10%, Reunion 9%" );; line 73639 (wfb::source-text imports mayotte "$21.8 million (f.o.b., 1984)" );; line 73643 (wfb::source-text imports mayotte commodities "building materials, transportation equipment, rice, clothing, flour" );; line 73645 (wfb::source-text imports mayotte partners "France 57%, Kenya 16%, South Africa 11%, Pakistan 8%" );; line 73648 (wfb::source-text external_debt mayotte "$NA" );; line 73652 (wfb::source-text industrial_production mayotte "growth rate NA%" );; line 73656 (wfb::source-text electricity mayotte capacity "NA kW" );; line 73661 (wfb::source-text electricity mayotte production "NA kWh" );; line 73663 (wfb::source-text electricity mayotte consumption_per_capita "NA kWh" );; line 73665 (wfb::source-text industry mayotte "newly created lobster and shrimp industry" );; line 73669 (wfb::source-text agriculture mayotte "most important sector; provides all export earnings; crops - vanilla, ylang-ylang, coffee, copra; imports major share of food needs" );; line 73673 (wfb::source-text economic_aid mayotte recipient "Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-89), $402 million" );; line 73679 (wfb::source-text currency mayotte "1 French franc (F) = 100 centimes" );; line 73684 (wfb::source-text exchange_rates mayotte "French francs (F) per US$1 - 5.2943 (January 1995), 5.5520 (1994), 5.6632 (1993), 5.2938 (1992), 5.6421 (1991), 5.4453 (1990)" );; line 73688 (wfb::source-text fiscal_year mayotte "calendar year" );; line 73693 (wfb::source-text railroads mayotte "0 km" );; line 73698 (wfb::source-text highways mayotte total "42 km" );; line 73703 (wfb::source-text highways mayotte paved "bituminous 18 km" );; line 73705 (wfb::source-text highways mayotte unpaved "24 km" );; line 73707 (wfb::source-text port mayotte "Dzaoudzi" );; line 73711 (wfb::source-text merchant_marine mayotte "none" );; line 73715 (wfb::source-text airports mayotte total "1" );; line 73720 (wfb::source-text airports mayotte |with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m| "1" );; line 73722 (wfb::source-text telephone_system mayotte "450 telephones; small system administered by French Department of Posts and Telecommunications" );; line 73727 (wfb::source-text telephone_system mayotte local "NA" );; line 73730 (wfb::source-text telephone_system mayotte intercity "NA" );; line 73732 (wfb::source-text telephone_system mayotte international "radio relay and high-frequency radio communications for links to Comoros and international communications" );; line 73734 (wfb::source-text radio mayotte broadcast_stations "AM 1, FM 0, shortwave 0" );; line 73740 (wfb::source-text radio mayotte radios "NA" );; line 73742 (wfb::source-text television mayotte broadcast_stations "0" );; line 73747 (wfb::source-text television mayotte televisions "NA" );; line 73749 (wfb::source-text note mayotte "defense is the responsibility of France" );; line 73755 (wfb::source-text location mexico "Middle America, bordering the Caribbean Sea and the Gulf of Mexico, between Belize and the US and bordering the North Pacific Ocean, between Guatamala and the US" );; line 73765 (wfb::source-text map_references mexico "North America" );; line 73771 (wfb::source-text area mexico total_area "1,972,550 sq km" );; line 73776 (wfb::source-text area mexico land_area "1,923,040 sq km" );; line 73778 (wfb::source-text area mexico comparative_area "slightly less than three times the size of Texas" );; line 73780 (wfb::source-text borders mexico "total 4,538 km, Belize 250 km, Guatemala 962 km, US 3,326 km" );; line 73784 (wfb::source-text coastline mexico "9,330 km" );; line 73788 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims mexico contiguous_zone "24 nm" );; line 73793 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims mexico continental_shelf "200 nm or to the edge of the continental margin" );; line 73795 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims mexico exclusive_economic_zone "200 nm" );; line 73797 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims mexico territorial_sea "12 nm" );; line 73799 (wfb::source-text international_disputes mexico "claims Clipperton Island (French possession)" );; line 73803 (wfb::source-text climate mexico "varies from tropical to desert" );; line 73807 (wfb::source-text terrain mexico "high, rugged mountains, low coastal plains, high plateaus, and desert" );; line 73811 (wfb::source-text natural-resource mexico "petroleum, silver, copper, gold, lead, zinc, natural gas, timber" );; line 73816 (wfb::source-text land_use mexico arable_land "12%" );; line 73821 (wfb::source-text land_use mexico permanent_crops "1%" );; line 73823 (wfb::source-text land_use mexico meadows_and_pastures "39%" );; line 73825 (wfb::source-text land_use mexico forest_and_woodland "24%" );; line 73827 (wfb::source-text land_use mexico other "24%" );; line 73829 (wfb::source-text irrigated_land mexico "51,500 sq km (1989 est.)" );; line 73833 (wfb::source-text environment mexico current_issues "natural fresh water resources scarce and polluted in north, inaccessible and poor quality in center and extreme southeast; raw sewage and industrial effluents polluting rivers in urban areas; deforestation; widespread erosion; desertification; serious air pollution in the national capital and urban centers along US-Mexico border" );; line 73838 (wfb::source-text environment mexico natural_hazards "tsunamis along the Pacific coast, destructive earthquakes in the center and south, and hurricanes on the Gulf and Caribbean coasts" );; line 73844 (wfb::source-text environment mexico international_agreements "party to - Biodiversity, Climate Change, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands, Whaling; signed, but not ratified - Desertification" );; line 73847 (wfb::source-text note mexico "strategic location on southern border of US" );; line 73854 (wfb::source-text population mexico "93,985,848 (July 1995 est.)" );; line 73860 (wfb::source-text age_structure mexico 0-14_years "37% (female 17,028,091; male 17,631,110)" );; line 73865 (wfb::source-text age_structure mexico 15-64_years "59% (female 28,429,663; male 26,866,886)" );; line 73867 (wfb::source-text age_structure mexico 65_years_and_over "4% (female 2,184,998; male 1,845,100) (July 1995 est.)" );; line 73869 (wfb::source-text population_growth_rate mexico "1.9% (1995 est.)" );; line 73873 (wfb::source-text birth_rate mexico "26.64 births/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 73877 (wfb::source-text death_rate mexico "4.64 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 73881 (wfb::source-text net_migration_rate mexico "-3.03 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 73885 (wfb::source-text infant_mortality_rate mexico "26 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.)" );; line 73889 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth mexico total_population "73.34 years" );; line 73894 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth mexico male "69.74 years" );; line 73896 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth mexico female "77.11 years (1995 est.)" );; line 73898 (wfb::source-text total_fertility_rate mexico "3.09 children born/woman (1995 est.)" );; line 73902 (wfb::source-text nationality mexico noun "Mexican(s)" );; line 73907 (wfb::source-text nationality mexico adjective "Mexican" );; line 73909 (wfb::source-text ethnic-entity mexico "mestizo (Indian-Spanish) 60%, Amerindian or predominantly Amerindian 30%, Caucasian or predominantly Caucasian 9%, other 1%" );; line 73913 (wfb::source-text religion mexico "nominally Roman Catholic 89%, Protestant 6%" );; line 73918 (wfb::source-text language mexico "Spanish, various Mayan dialects" );; line 73922 (wfb::source-text literacy mexico "age 15 and over can read and write (1990)" );; line 73926 (wfb::source-text literacy mexico total_population "88%" );; line 73928 (wfb::source-text literacy mexico male "90%" );; line 73930 (wfb::source-text literacy mexico female "85%" );; line 73932 (wfb::source-text total_labor_force mexico "26.2 million (1990)" );; line 73936 (wfb::source-text labor_force_by_occupation mexico by_occupation "services 31.7%, agriculture, forestry, hunting, and fishing 28%, commerce 14.6%, manufacturing 11.1%, construction 8.4%, transportation 4.7%, mining and quarrying 1.5%" );; line 73938 (wfb::source-text names mexico conventional_long_form "United Mexican States" );; line 73946 (wfb::source-text names mexico conventional_short_form "Mexico" );; line 73948 (wfb::source-text names mexico local_long_form "Estados Unidos Mexicanos" );; line 73950 (wfb::source-text names mexico local_short_form "Mexico" );; line 73952 (wfb::source-text digraph mexico "MX" );; line 73956 (wfb::source-text type mexico "federal republic operating under a centralized government" );; line 73960 (wfb::source-text capital mexico "Mexico" );; line 73964 (wfb::source-text administrative_divisions mexico "31 states (estados, singular - estado) and 1 federal district* (distrito federal); Aguascalientes, Baja California, Baja California Sur, Campeche, Chiapas, Chihuahua, Coahuila de Zaragoza, Colima, Distrito Federal*, Durango, Guanajuato, Guerrero, Hidalgo, Jalisco, Mexico, Michoacan de Ocampo, Morelos, Nayarit, Nuevo Leon, Oaxaca, Puebla, Queretaro de Arteaga, Quintana Roo, San Luis Potosi, Sinaloa, Sonora, Tabasco, Tamaulipas, Tlaxcala, Veracruz-Llave, Yucatan, Zacatecas" );; line 73968 (wfb::source-text independence mexico "16 September 1810 (from Spain)" );; line 73978 (wfb::source-text national_holiday mexico "Independence Day, 16 September (1810)" );; line 73982 (wfb::source-text constitution mexico "5 February 1917" );; line 73986 (wfb::source-text legal_system mexico "mixture of US constitutional theory and civil law system; judicial review of legislative acts; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations" );; line 73990 (wfb::source-text suffrage mexico "18 years of age; universal and compulsory (but not enforced)" );; line 73996 (wfb::source-text executive_branch mexico chief_of_state_and_head_of_government "President Ernesto ZEDILLO Ponce de Leon (since 1 December 1994); election last held on 21 August 1994 (next to be held NA); results - Ernesto ZEDILLO Ponce de Leon (PRI) 50.18%, Cuauhtemoc CARDENAS Solorzano (PRD) 17.08%, Diego FERNANDEZ de Cevallos (PAN) 26.69%; other 6.049%" );; line 74001 (wfb::source-text executive_branch mexico cabinet "Cabinet; appointed by the president" );; line 74006 (wfb::source-text legislative_structure mexico "bicameral National Congress (Congreso de la Union)" );; line 74010 (wfb::source-text legislative_branch mexico |Senate (Camara de Senadores)| "elections last held on 21 August 1994 (next to be held NA); results - percent of vote by party NA; seats in full Senate - (128 total; Senate expanded from 64 seats at the last election) PRI 93, PRD 25, PAN 10" );; line 74012 (wfb::source-text legislative_branch mexico |Chamber of Deputies (Camara de Diputados)| "elections last held on 24 August 1994 (next to be held NA); results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (500 total) PRI 300, PAN 119, PRD 71, PFCRN 10" );; line 74016 (wfb::source-text judicial_branch mexico "Supreme Court of Justice (Corte Suprema de Justicia)" );; line 74022 (wfb::source-text political_parties_and_leaders mexico "(recognized parties) Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI), Maria de los Angeles MORENO; National Action Party (PAN), Carlos CASTILLO; Popular Socialist Party (PPS), Indalecio SAYAGO Herrera; Democratic Revolutionary Party (PRD), Porfirio MUNOZ Ledo; Cardenist Front for the National Reconstruction Party (PFCRN), Rafael AGUILAR Talamantes; Authentic Party of the Mexican Revolution (PARM), Rosa Maria MARTINEZ Denagri; Democratic Forum Party (PFD), Pablo Emilio MADERO; Mexican Green Ecologist Party (PVEM), Jorge GONZALEZ Torres" );; line 74026 (wfb::source-text other_political_or_pressure_groups mexico "Roman Catholic Church; Confederation of Mexican Workers (CTM); Confederation of Industrial Chambers (CONCAMIN); Confederation of National Chambers of Commerce (CONCANACO); National Peasant Confederation (CNC); Revolutionary Workers Party (PRT); Revolutionary Confederation of Workers and Peasants (CROC); Regional Confederation of Mexican Workers (CROM); Confederation of Employers of the Mexican Republic (COPARMEX); National Chamber of Transformation Industries (CANACINTRA); Coordinator for Foreign Trade Business Organizations (COECE); Federation of Unions Providing Goods and Services (FESEBES)" );; line 74037 (wfb::source-text member_of mexico "AG (observer), APEC, BCIE, CARICOM (observer), CCC, CDB, CG, EBRD, ECLAC, FAO, G- 6, G-11, G-15, G-19, G-24, GATT, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, INMARSAT, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, IOM (observer), ISO, ITU, LAES, LAIA, NAM (observer), OAS, OECD, ONUSAL, OPANAL, PCA, RG, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNITAR, UNU, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO" );; line 74048 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us mexico chief_of_mission "Ambassador Jesus SILVA HERZOG Flores" );; line 74058 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us mexico chancery "1911 Pennsylvania Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20006" );; line 74060 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us mexico telephone "[1] (202) 728-1600" );; line 74062 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us mexico |consulate(s) general| "Atlanta, Chicago, Dallas, Denver, El Paso, Houston, Los Angeles, Miami, New Orleans, New York, San Antonio, San Diego, San Francisco, San Juan (Puerto Rico)" );; line 74064 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us mexico |consulate(s)| "Albuquerque, Austin, Boston, Brownsville (Texas), Calexico (California), Corpus Christi, Del Rio (Texas), Detroit, Eagle Pass (Texas), Fresno (California), Loredo, McAllen (Texas), Midland (Texas), Nogales (Arizona), Oxnard (California), Philadelphia, Phoenix, Sacramento, St. Louis, Salt Lake City, San Bernardino, San Jose, Santa Ana, Seattle" );; line 74068 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation mexico chief_of_mission "Ambassador James R. JONES" );; line 74077 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation mexico embassy "Paseo de la Reforma 305, Colonia Cuauhtemoc, 06500 Mexico, Distrito Federal" );; line 74079 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation mexico mailing_address "P. O. Box 3087, Laredo, TX 78044-3087" );; line 74082 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation mexico telephone "[52] (5) 211-0042" );; line 74084 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation mexico fax "[52] (5) 511-9980, 208-3373" );; line 74086 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation mexico |consulate(s) general| "Ciudad Juarez, Guadalajara, Monterrey, Tijuana" );; line 74088 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation mexico |consulate(s)| "Hermosillo, Matamoros, Merida, Nuevo Laredo" );; line 74090 (wfb::source-text flag mexico "three equal vertical bands of green (hoist side), white, and red; the coat of arms (an eagle perched on a cactus with a snake in its beak) is centered in the white band" );; line 74094 (wfb::source-text overview mexico "Mexico, under the guidance of new President Ernesto ZEDILLO, entered 1995 in the midst of a severe financial crisis. Mexico's membership in the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) with the United States and Canada, its solid record of economic reforms, and its strong growth in the second and third quarters of 1994 - at an annual rate of 3.8% and 4.5% respectively - seemed to augur bright prospects for 1995. However, an overvalued exchange rate and widening current account deficits created an imbalance that ultimately proved unsustainable. To finance the trade gap, Mexico City had become increasingly reliant on volatile portfolio investment. A series of political shocks in 1994 - an uprising in the southern state of Chiapas, the assassination of a presidential candidate, several high profile kidnappings, the killing of a second high-level political figure, and renewed threats from the Chiapas rebels - combined with rising international interest rates and concerns of a devaluation to undermine investor confidence and prompt massive outflows of capital. The dwindling of foreign exchange reserves, which the central bank had been using to defend the currency, forced the new administration to change the exchange rate policy and allow the currency to float freely in the last days of 1994. The adjustment roiled Mexican financial markets, leading to a 30% to 40% weakening of the peso relative to the dollar. ZEDILLO announced an emergency economic program that included federal budget cuts and plans for more privatizations, but it failed to restore investor confidence quickly. While the devaluation is likely to help Mexican exporters, whose products are now cheaper, it also raises the specter of an inflationary spiral if domestic producers increase their prices and workers demand wage hikes. Although strong economic fundamentals bode well for Mexico's longer-term outlook, prospects for solid growth and low inflation have deteriorated considerably, at least through 1995." );; line 74101 (wfb::source-text national_product mexico "GDP - purchasing power parity - $728.7 billion (1994 est.)" );; line 74131 (wfb::source-text national_product_real_growth_rate mexico "3.5% (1994 est.)" );; line 74135 (wfb::source-text national_product_per_capita mexico "$7,900 (1994 est.)" );; line 74139 (wfb::source-text |Inflation rate (consumer prices)| mexico "7.1% (1994 est.)" );; line 74143 (wfb::source-text unemployment_rate mexico "9.8% (1994 est.)" );; line 74147 (wfb::source-text budget mexico revenues "$96.99 billion (1994 est.)" );; line 74152 (wfb::source-text budget mexico expenditures "$96.51 billion (1994 est.), including capital expenditures of $NA (1994 est.)" );; line 74154 (wfb::source-text exports mexico "$60.8 billion (f.o.b., 1994 est.), includes in-bond industries" );; line 74159 (wfb::source-text exports mexico commodities "crude oil, oil products, coffee, silver, engines, motor vehicles, cotton, consumer electronics" );; line 74161 (wfb::source-text exports mexico partners "US 82%, Japan 1.4%, EC 5% (1993 est.)" );; line 74164 (wfb::source-text imports mexico "$79.4 billion (f.o.b., 1994 est.), includes in-bond industries" );; line 74168 (wfb::source-text imports mexico commodities "metal-working machines, steel mill products, agricultural machinery, electrical equipment, car parts for assembly, repair parts for motor vehicles, aircraft, and aircraft parts" );; line 74170 (wfb::source-text imports mexico partners "US 74%, Japan 4.7%, EC 11% (1993 est.)" );; line 74174 (wfb::source-text external_debt mexico "$128 billion (1994 est.)" );; line 74178 (wfb::source-text industrial_production mexico "growth rate 4.5% (1994 est.)" );; line 74182 (wfb::source-text electricity mexico capacity "28,780,000 kW" );; line 74187 (wfb::source-text electricity mexico production "122 billion kWh" );; line 74189 (wfb::source-text electricity mexico consumption_per_capita "1,239 kWh (1993)" );; line 74191 (wfb::source-text industry mexico "food and beverages, tobacco, chemicals, iron and steel, petroleum, mining, textiles, clothing, motor vehicles, consumer durables, tourism" );; line 74195 (wfb::source-text agriculture mexico "accounts for 7% of GDP; large number of small farms at subsistence level; major food crops - corn, wheat, rice, beans; cash crops - cotton, coffee, fruit, tomatoes" );; line 74200 (wfb::source-text illicit_drugs mexico "illicit cultivation of opium poppy and cannabis continues in spite of government eradication program; major supplier of heroin and marijuana to the US market; continues as the primary transshipment country for US-bound cocaine and marijuana from South America; increasingly involved in the production and distribution of methamphetamine" );; line 74206 (wfb::source-text economic_aid mexico recipient "US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-89), $3.1 billion; Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-89), $7.7 billion; Communist countries (1970-89), $110 million" );; line 74215 (wfb::source-text currency mexico "1 New Mexican peso (Mex$) = 100 centavos" );; line 74221 (wfb::source-text exchange_rates mexico "market rate of Mexican pesos (Mex$) per US$1 - 6.736 (average in March 1995), 5.5133 (January 1995), 3.3751 (1994), 3.1156 (1993), 3,094.9 (1992), 3,018.4 (1991), 2,812.6 (1990)" );; line 74225 (wfb::source-text fiscal_year mexico "calendar year" );; line 74234 (wfb::source-text railroads mexico total "24,500 km" );; line 74240 (wfb::source-text railroads mexico standard_gauge "24,410 km 1.435-m gauge" );; line 74242 (wfb::source-text railroads mexico narrow_gauge "93 km 0.914-m gauge" );; line 74244 (wfb::source-text highways mexico total "242,300 km" );; line 74249 (wfb::source-text highways mexico paved "84,800 km (including 3,166 km of expressways)" );; line 74251 (wfb::source-text highways mexico unpaved "gravel and earth 157,500 km" );; line 74253 (wfb::source-text inland_waterways mexico "2,900 km navigable rivers and coastal canals" );; line 74257 (wfb::source-text pipelines mexico "crude oil 28,200 km; petroleum products 10,150 km; natural gas 13,254 km; petrochemical 1,400 km" );; line 74261 (wfb::source-text port mexico "Acapulco, Altamira, Coatzacoalcos, Ensenada, Guaymas, La Paz, Lazaro Cardenas, Manzanillo, Mazatlan, Progreso, Salina Cruz, Tampico, Topolobampo, Tuxpan, Veracruz" );; line 74266 (wfb::source-text merchant_marine mexico total "59 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 949,271 GRT/1,340,595 DWT" );; line 74273 (wfb::source-text merchant_marine mexico ships_by_type "bulk 1, cargo 2, chemical tanker 4, container 7, liquefied gas tanker 7, oil tanker 30, refrigerated cargo 2, roll-on/roll-off cargo 2, short-sea passenger 4" );; line 74275 (wfb::source-text airports mexico total "2,055" );; line 74282 (wfb::source-text airports mexico |with paved runways over 3,047 m| "9" );; line 74284 (wfb::source-text airports mexico |with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m| "25" );; line 74286 (wfb::source-text airports mexico |with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m| "82" );; line 74288 (wfb::source-text airports mexico |with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m| "75" );; line 74290 (wfb::source-text airports mexico with_paved_runways_under_914_m "1,262" );; line 74292 (wfb::source-text airports mexico |with unpaved runways over 3,047 m| "1" );; line 74294 (wfb::source-text airports mexico |with unpaved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m| "2" );; line 74296 (wfb::source-text airports mexico |with unpaved runways 1,524 to 2,438 m| "60" );; line 74298 (wfb::source-text airports mexico |with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m| "539" );; line 74300 (wfb::source-text telephone_system mexico "6,410,000 telephones; highly developed system with extensive microwave radio relay links; privatized in December 1990" );; line 74305 (wfb::source-text telephone_system mexico local "adequate phone service for business and government, but, at a density of less than 7 telephones/100 persons, the population is poorly served" );; line 74308 (wfb::source-text telephone_system mexico intercity "includes 120 domestic satellite terminals and an extensive network of microwave radio relay links" );; line 74311 (wfb::source-text telephone_system mexico international "5 INTELSAT (4 Atlantic Ocean and 1 Pacific Ocean) earth stations; connected into Central America Microwave System; launched Solidarity I satellite in November 1993" );; line 74314 (wfb::source-text radio mexico broadcast_stations "AM 679, FM 0, shortwave 22" );; line 74321 (wfb::source-text radio mexico radios "NA" );; line 74323 (wfb::source-text television mexico broadcast_stations "238" );; line 74328 (wfb::source-text television mexico televisions "NA" );; line 74330 (wfb::source-text defense_branch mexico "National Defense (includes Army and Air Force), Navy (includes Marines)" );; line 74336 (wfb::source-text manpower_availability mexico "males age 15-49 23,354,445; males fit for military service 17,029,788; males reach military age (18) annually 1,054,513 (1995 est.)" );; line 74341 (wfb::source-text defense_expenditures mexico "$NA, NA% of GDP" );; line 74346 (wfb::source-text location |Micronesia, Federated States of| "Oceania, island group in the North Pacific Ocean, about three-quarters of the way from Hawaii to Indonesia" );; line 74356 (wfb::source-text map_references |Micronesia, Federated States of| "Oceania" );; line 74361 (wfb::source-text area |Micronesia, Federated States of| total_area "702 sq km" );; line 74366 (wfb::source-text area |Micronesia, Federated States of| land_area "702 sq km" );; line 74368 (wfb::source-text area |Micronesia, Federated States of| comparative_area "slightly less than four times the size of Washington, DC" );; line 74370 (wfb::source-text borders |Micronesia, Federated States of| "0 km" );; line 74376 (wfb::source-text coastline |Micronesia, Federated States of| "6,112 km" );; line 74380 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims |Micronesia, Federated States of| exclusive_economic_zone "200 nm" );; line 74385 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims |Micronesia, Federated States of| territorial_sea "12 nm" );; line 74387 (wfb::source-text international_disputes |Micronesia, Federated States of| "none" );; line 74391 (wfb::source-text climate |Micronesia, Federated States of| "tropical; heavy year-round rainfall, especially in the eastern islands; located on southern edge of the typhoon belt with occasional severe damage" );; line 74395 (wfb::source-text terrain |Micronesia, Federated States of| "islands vary geologically from high mountainous islands to low, coral atolls; volcanic outcroppings on Pohnpei, Kosrae, and Truk" );; line 74401 (wfb::source-text natural-resource |Micronesia, Federated States of| "forests, marine products, deep-seabed minerals" );; line 74406 (wfb::source-text land_use |Micronesia, Federated States of| arable_land "NA%" );; line 74411 (wfb::source-text land_use |Micronesia, Federated States of| permanent_crops "NA%" );; line 74413 (wfb::source-text land_use |Micronesia, Federated States of| meadows_and_pastures "NA%" );; line 74415 (wfb::source-text land_use |Micronesia, Federated States of| forest_and_woodland "NA%" );; line 74417 (wfb::source-text land_use |Micronesia, Federated States of| other "NA%" );; line 74419 (wfb::source-text irrigated_land |Micronesia, Federated States of| "NA sq km" );; line 74423 (wfb::source-text environment |Micronesia, Federated States of| current_issues "NA" );; line 74428 (wfb::source-text environment |Micronesia, Federated States of| natural_hazards "typhoons (June to December)" );; line 74430 (wfb::source-text environment |Micronesia, Federated States of| international_agreements "party to - Biodiversity, Climate Change, Law of the Sea" );; line 74432 (wfb::source-text note |Micronesia, Federated States of| "four major island groups totaling 607 islands" );; line 74436 (wfb::source-text population |Micronesia, Federated States of| "122,950 (July 1995 est.)" );; line 74442 (wfb::source-text age_structure |Micronesia, Federated States of| 0-14_years "NA" );; line 74447 (wfb::source-text age_structure |Micronesia, Federated States of| 15-64_years "NA" );; line 74449 (wfb::source-text age_structure |Micronesia, Federated States of| 65_years_and_over "NA" );; line 74451 (wfb::source-text population_growth_rate |Micronesia, Federated States of| "3.35% (1995 est.)" );; line 74455 (wfb::source-text birth_rate |Micronesia, Federated States of| "28.12 births/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 74459 (wfb::source-text death_rate |Micronesia, Federated States of| "6.3 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 74463 (wfb::source-text net_migration_rate |Micronesia, Federated States of| "11.65 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 74467 (wfb::source-text infant_mortality_rate |Micronesia, Federated States of| "36.52 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.)" );; line 74471 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth |Micronesia, Federated States of| total_population "67.81 years" );; line 74476 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth |Micronesia, Federated States of| male "65.84 years" );; line 74478 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth |Micronesia, Federated States of| female "69.81 years (1995 est.)" );; line 74480 (wfb::source-text total_fertility_rate |Micronesia, Federated States of| "3.98 children born/woman (1995 est.)" );; line 74484 (wfb::source-text nationality |Micronesia, Federated States of| noun "Micronesian(s)" );; line 74489 (wfb::source-text nationality |Micronesia, Federated States of| adjective "Micronesian; Kosrae(s), Pohnpeian(s), Trukese, Yapese" );; line 74491 (wfb::source-text ethnic-entity |Micronesia, Federated States of| "nine ethnic Micronesian and Polynesian groups" );; line 74495 (wfb::source-text religion |Micronesia, Federated States of| "Roman Catholic 50%, Protestant 47%, other and none 3%" );; line 74499 (wfb::source-text language |Micronesia, Federated States of| "English (official and common language), Trukese, Pohnpeian, Yapese, Kosrean" );; line 74503 (wfb::source-text literacy |Micronesia, Federated States of| "age 15 and over can read and write (1980)" );; line 74508 (wfb::source-text literacy |Micronesia, Federated States of| total_population "89%" );; line 74510 (wfb::source-text literacy |Micronesia, Federated States of| male "91%" );; line 74512 (wfb::source-text literacy |Micronesia, Federated States of| female "88%" );; line 74514 (wfb::source-text total_labor_force |Micronesia, Federated States of| "NA" );; line 74518 (wfb::source-text labor_force_by_occupation |Micronesia, Federated States of| by_occupation "two-thirds are government employees" );; line 74520 (wfb::source-text names |Micronesia, Federated States of| conventional_long_form "Federated States of Micronesia" );; line 74528 (wfb::source-text names |Micronesia, Federated States of| conventional_short_form "none" );; line 74530 (wfb::source-text names |Micronesia, Federated States of| former "Kosrae, Ponape, Truk, and Yap Districts (Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands)" );; line 74532 (wfb::source-text abbreviation |Micronesia, Federated States of| "FSM" );; line 74537 (wfb::source-text digraph |Micronesia, Federated States of| "FM" );; line 74541 (wfb::source-text type |Micronesia, Federated States of| "constitutional government in free association with the US; the Compact of Free Association entered into force 3 November 1986" );; line 74545 (wfb::source-text capital |Micronesia, Federated States of| "Kolonia (on the island of Pohnpei)" );; line 74550 (wfb::source-text administrative_divisions |Micronesia, Federated States of| "4 states; Kosrae, Pohnpei, Chuuk (Truk), Yap" );; line 74557 (wfb::source-text independence |Micronesia, Federated States of| "3 November 1986 (from the US-administered UN Trusteeship)" );; line 74561 (wfb::source-text national_holiday |Micronesia, Federated States of| "Proclamation of the Federated States of Micronesia, 10 May (1979)" );; line 74565 (wfb::source-text constitution |Micronesia, Federated States of| "10 May 1979" );; line 74570 (wfb::source-text legal_system |Micronesia, Federated States of| "based on adapted Trust Territory laws, acts of the legislature, municipal, common, and customary laws" );; line 74574 (wfb::source-text suffrage |Micronesia, Federated States of| "18 years of age; universal" );; line 74579 (wfb::source-text executive_branch |Micronesia, Federated States of| chief_of_state_and_head_of_government "President Bailey OLTER (since 21 May 1991); Vice President Jacob NENA (since 21 May 1991); election last held 11 May 1991 (next to be held 7 March 1995); results - Bailey OLTER elected president; Jacob NENA elected vice-president" );; line 74584 (wfb::source-text executive_branch |Micronesia, Federated States of| cabinet "Cabinet" );; line 74589 (wfb::source-text legislative_structure |Micronesia, Federated States of| "unicameral" );; line 74593 (wfb::source-text legislative_branch |Micronesia, Federated States of| congress "elections last held 5 March 1991 (next to be held 7 March 1995); results - percent of vote NA; seats - (14 total) independents 14" );; line 74595 (wfb::source-text judicial_branch |Micronesia, Federated States of| "Supreme Court" );; line 74600 (wfb::source-text political_parties_and_leaders |Micronesia, Federated States of| "no formal parties" );; line 74604 (wfb::source-text member_of |Micronesia, Federated States of| "AsDB, ESCAP, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFC, IMF, ITU, SPARTECA, SPC, SPF, UN, UNCTAD, WHO" );; line 74608 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us |Micronesia, Federated States of| chief_of_mission "Ambassador Jesse B. MAREHALAU" );; line 74614 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us |Micronesia, Federated States of| chancery "1725 N Street NW, Washington, DC 20036" );; line 74616 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us |Micronesia, Federated States of| telephone "[1] (202) 223-4383" );; line 74618 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us |Micronesia, Federated States of| fax "[1] (202) 223-4391" );; line 74620 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us |Micronesia, Federated States of| |consulate(s) general| "Honolulu and Tamuning (Guam)" );; line 74622 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation |Micronesia, Federated States of| chief_of_mission "Ambassador March Fong EU" );; line 74627 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation |Micronesia, Federated States of| embassy "address NA, Kolonia" );; line 74629 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation |Micronesia, Federated States of| mailing_address "P. O. Box 1286, Pohnpei, Federated States of Micronesia 96941" );; line 74631 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation |Micronesia, Federated States of| telephone "[691] 320-2187" );; line 74633 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation |Micronesia, Federated States of| fax "[691] 320-2186" );; line 74635 (wfb::source-text flag |Micronesia, Federated States of| "light blue with four white five-pointed stars centered; the stars are arranged in a diamond pattern" );; line 74639 (wfb::source-text overview |Micronesia, Federated States of| "Economic activity consists primarily of subsistence farming and fishing. The islands have few mineral deposits worth exploiting, except for high-grade phosphate. The potential for a tourist industry exists, but the remoteness of the location and a lack of adequate facilities hinder development. Financial assistance from the US is the primary source of revenue, with the US pledged to spend $1 billion in the islands in the 1990s. Geographical isolation and a poorly developed infrastructure are major impediments to long-term growth." );; line 74645 (wfb::source-text national_product |Micronesia, Federated States of| "GDP - purchasing power parity - $160 million (1990 est.)" );; line 74656 (wfb::source-text national_product_real_growth_rate |Micronesia, Federated States of| "4% (1994)" );; line 74663 (wfb::source-text national_product_per_capita |Micronesia, Federated States of| "$1,500 (1990 est.)" );; line 74667 (wfb::source-text |Inflation rate (consumer prices)| |Micronesia, Federated States of| "NA%" );; line 74671 (wfb::source-text unemployment_rate |Micronesia, Federated States of| "27% (1989)" );; line 74675 (wfb::source-text budget |Micronesia, Federated States of| revenues "$45 million" );; line 74680 (wfb::source-text budget |Micronesia, Federated States of| expenditures "$31 million, including capital expenditures of $NA (FY94/95 est.)" );; line 74682 (wfb::source-text exports |Micronesia, Federated States of| "$3.2 million (f.o.b., 1990)" );; line 74686 (wfb::source-text exports |Micronesia, Federated States of| commodities "fish, copra, bananas, black pepper" );; line 74688 (wfb::source-text exports |Micronesia, Federated States of| partners "Japan, US" );; line 74690 (wfb::source-text imports |Micronesia, Federated States of| "$91.2 million (c.i.f., 1990)" );; line 74694 (wfb::source-text imports |Micronesia, Federated States of| commodities "food, manufactured goods, machinery and equipment, beverages" );; line 74696 (wfb::source-text imports |Micronesia, Federated States of| partners "US, Japan, Australia" );; line 74698 (wfb::source-text external_debt |Micronesia, Federated States of| "$NA" );; line 74702 (wfb::source-text industrial_production |Micronesia, Federated States of| "growth rate NA%" );; line 74706 (wfb::source-text electricity |Micronesia, Federated States of| capacity "18,000 kW" );; line 74711 (wfb::source-text electricity |Micronesia, Federated States of| production "40 million kWh" );; line 74713 (wfb::source-text electricity |Micronesia, Federated States of| consumption_per_capita "380 kWh (1990)" );; line 74715 (wfb::source-text industry |Micronesia, Federated States of| "tourism, construction, fish processing, craft items from shell, wood, and pearls" );; line 74719 (wfb::source-text agriculture |Micronesia, Federated States of| "mainly a subsistence economy; black pepper; tropical fruits and vegetables, coconuts, cassava, sweet potatoes, pigs, chickens" );; line 74724 (wfb::source-text economic_aid |Micronesia, Federated States of| recipient "under terms of the Compact of Free Association, the US will provide $1.3 billion in grant aid during the period 1986-2001" );; line 74730 (wfb::source-text currency |Micronesia, Federated States of| "1 United States dollar (US$) = 100 cents" );; line 74735 (wfb::source-text exchange_rates |Micronesia, Federated States of| "US currency is used" );; line 74739 (wfb::source-text fiscal_year |Micronesia, Federated States of| "1 October - 30 September" );; line 74743 (wfb::source-text railroads |Micronesia, Federated States of| "0 km" );; line 74748 (wfb::source-text highways |Micronesia, Federated States of| total "226 km" );; line 74753 (wfb::source-text highways |Micronesia, Federated States of| paved "39 km (on major islands)" );; line 74755 (wfb::source-text highways |Micronesia, Federated States of| unpaved "stone, coral, laterite 187 km" );; line 74757 (wfb::source-text port |Micronesia, Federated States of| "Colonia (Yap), Kolonia (Pohnpei), Lele, Moen" );; line 74761 (wfb::source-text merchant_marine |Micronesia, Federated States of| "none" );; line 74765 (wfb::source-text airports |Micronesia, Federated States of| total "6" );; line 74770 (wfb::source-text airports |Micronesia, Federated States of| |with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m| "4" );; line 74772 (wfb::source-text airports |Micronesia, Federated States of| |with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m| "1" );; line 74774 (wfb::source-text airports |Micronesia, Federated States of| with_paved_runways_under_914_m "1" );; line 74776 (wfb::source-text telephone_system |Micronesia, Federated States of| "960 telephones on Kolonia and Truk" );; line 74781 (wfb::source-text telephone_system |Micronesia, Federated States of| local "NA" );; line 74783 (wfb::source-text telephone_system |Micronesia, Federated States of| intercity "islands interconnected by shortwave radio (used mostly for government purposes" );; line 74785 (wfb::source-text telephone_system |Micronesia, Federated States of| international "4 INTELSAT (Pacific Ocean) earth stations" );; line 74788 (wfb::source-text radio |Micronesia, Federated States of| broadcast_stations "AM 5, FM 1, shortwave 1" );; line 74793 (wfb::source-text radio |Micronesia, Federated States of| radios "16,000" );; line 74795 (wfb::source-text television |Micronesia, Federated States of| broadcast_stations "6" );; line 74800 (wfb::source-text television |Micronesia, Federated States of| televisions "1,125 (1987 est.)" );; line 74802 (wfb::source-text note |Micronesia, Federated States of| "defense is the responsibility of the US" );; line 74808 (wfb::source-text location midway_islands "Oceania, atoll in the North Pacific Ocean, about one-third of the way from Honolulu to Tokyo" );; line 74818 (wfb::source-text map_references midway_islands "Oceania" );; line 74823 (wfb::source-text area midway_islands total_area "5.2 sq km" );; line 74828 (wfb::source-text area midway_islands land_area "5.2 sq km" );; line 74830 (wfb::source-text area midway_islands comparative_area "about 9 times the size of The Mall in Washington, DC" );; line 74832 (wfb::source-text borders midway_islands "0 km" );; line 74838 (wfb::source-text coastline midway_islands "15 km" );; line 74842 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims midway_islands exclusive_economic_zone "200 nm" );; line 74847 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims midway_islands territorial_sea "12 nm" );; line 74849 (wfb::source-text international_disputes midway_islands "none" );; line 74853 (wfb::source-text climate midway_islands "tropical, but moderated by prevailing easterly winds" );; line 74857 (wfb::source-text terrain midway_islands "low, nearly level" );; line 74861 (wfb::source-text natural-resource midway_islands "fish, wildlife" );; line 74865 (wfb::source-text land_use midway_islands arable_land "0%" );; line 74870 (wfb::source-text land_use midway_islands permanent_crops "0%" );; line 74872 (wfb::source-text land_use midway_islands meadows_and_pastures "0%" );; line 74874 (wfb::source-text land_use midway_islands forest_and_woodland "0%" );; line 74876 (wfb::source-text land_use midway_islands other "100%" );; line 74878 (wfb::source-text irrigated_land midway_islands "0 sq km" );; line 74882 (wfb::source-text environment midway_islands current_issues "NA" );; line 74887 (wfb::source-text environment midway_islands natural_hazards "NA" );; line 74889 (wfb::source-text environment midway_islands international_agreements "NA" );; line 74891 (wfb::source-text note midway_islands "a coral atoll; closed to the public" );; line 74895 (wfb::source-text population midway_islands "no indigenous inhabitants; note - there are 453 US military personnel (July 1995 est.)" );; line 74901 (wfb::source-text names midway_islands conventional_long_form "none" );; line 74908 (wfb::source-text names midway_islands conventional_short_form "Midway Islands" );; line 74910 (wfb::source-text digraph midway_islands "MQ" );; line 74914 (wfb::source-text type midway_islands "unincorporated territory of the US administered by the US Navy, under Naval Facilities Engineering Command, Pacific Division; this facility has been operationally closed since 10 September 1993 and is currently being transferred from Pacific Fleet to Naval Facilities Engineering Command via a Memorandum of Understanding" );; line 74918 (wfb::source-text capital midway_islands "none; administered from Washington, DC" );; line 74926 (wfb::source-text flag midway_islands "the US flag is used" );; line 74930 (wfb::source-text overview midway_islands "The economy is based on providing support services for US naval operations located on the islands. All food and manufactured goods must be imported." );; line 74935 (wfb::source-text electricity midway_islands "supplied by US Military" );; line 74941 (wfb::source-text railroads midway_islands "0 km" );; line 74946 (wfb::source-text highways midway_islands total "32 km" );; line 74951 (wfb::source-text highways midway_islands paved "NA" );; line 74953 (wfb::source-text pipelines midway_islands "7.8 km" );; line 74957 (wfb::source-text port midway_islands "Sand Island" );; line 74961 (wfb::source-text airports midway_islands total "3" );; line 74966 (wfb::source-text airports midway_islands |with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m| "2" );; line 74968 (wfb::source-text airports midway_islands |with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m| "1" );; line 74970 (wfb::source-text telephone_system midway_islands local "NA" );; line 74976 (wfb::source-text telephone_system midway_islands intercity "NA" );; line 74978 (wfb::source-text telephone_system midway_islands international "NA" );; line 74980 (wfb::source-text radio midway_islands broadcast_stations "AM NA, FM NA, shortwave NA" );; line 74985 (wfb::source-text radio midway_islands radios "NA" );; line 74987 (wfb::source-text television midway_islands broadcast_stations "NA" );; line 74992 (wfb::source-text television midway_islands televisions "NA" );; line 74994 (wfb::source-text note midway_islands "defense is the responsibility of the US" );; line 75000 (wfb::source-text location moldova "Eastern Europe, northeast of Romania" );; line 75010 (wfb::source-text map_references moldova "Commonwealth of Independent States - European States" );; line 75014 (wfb::source-text area moldova total_area "33,700 sq km" );; line 75019 (wfb::source-text area moldova land_area "33,700 sq km" );; line 75021 (wfb::source-text area moldova comparative_area "slightly more than twice the size of Hawaii" );; line 75023 (wfb::source-text borders moldova "total 1,389 km, Romania 450 km, Ukraine 939 km" );; line 75027 (wfb::source-text coastline moldova "0 km (landlocked)" );; line 75031 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims moldova "none; landlocked" );; line 75035 (wfb::source-text international_disputes moldova "certain territory of Moldova and Ukraine - including Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina - are considered by Bucharest as historically a part of Romania; this territory was incorporated into the former Soviet Union following the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact in 1940" );; line 75039 (wfb::source-text climate moldova "moderate winters, warm summers" );; line 75046 (wfb::source-text terrain moldova "rolling steppe, gradual slope south to Black Sea" );; line 75050 (wfb::source-text natural-resource moldova "lignite, phosphorites, gypsum" );; line 75054 (wfb::source-text land_use moldova arable_land "50%" );; line 75059 (wfb::source-text land_use moldova permanent_crops "13%" );; line 75061 (wfb::source-text land_use moldova meadows_and_pastures "9%" );; line 75063 (wfb::source-text land_use moldova forest_and_woodland "0%" );; line 75065 (wfb::source-text land_use moldova other "28%" );; line 75067 (wfb::source-text irrigated_land moldova "2,920 sq km (1990)" );; line 75071 (wfb::source-text environment moldova current_issues "heavy use of agricultural chemicals, including banned pesticides such as DDT, has contaminated soil and groundwater; extensive soil erosion from poor farming methods" );; line 75076 (wfb::source-text environment moldova natural_hazards "NA" );; line 75080 (wfb::source-text environment moldova international_agreements "signed, but not ratified - Biodiversity, Climate Change" );; line 75082 (wfb::source-text note moldova "landlocked" );; line 75086 (wfb::source-text population moldova "4,489,657 (July 1995 est.)" );; line 75092 (wfb::source-text age_structure moldova 0-14_years "27% (female 588,155; male 609,372)" );; line 75097 (wfb::source-text age_structure moldova 15-64_years "64% (female 1,487,170; male 1,386,293)" );; line 75099 (wfb::source-text age_structure moldova 65_years_and_over "9% (female 258,958; male 159,709) (July 1995 est.)" );; line 75101 (wfb::source-text population_growth_rate moldova "0.36% (1995 est.)" );; line 75105 (wfb::source-text birth_rate moldova "15.93 births/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 75109 (wfb::source-text death_rate moldova "10.05 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 75113 (wfb::source-text net_migration_rate moldova "-2.25 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 75117 (wfb::source-text infant_mortality_rate moldova "29.8 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.)" );; line 75121 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth moldova total_population "68.22 years" );; line 75126 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth moldova male "64.81 years" );; line 75128 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth moldova female "71.8 years (1995 est.)" );; line 75130 (wfb::source-text total_fertility_rate moldova "2.16 children born/woman (1995 est.)" );; line 75134 (wfb::source-text nationality moldova noun "Moldovan(s)" );; line 75139 (wfb::source-text nationality moldova adjective "Moldovan" );; line 75141 (wfb::source-text ethnic-entity moldova "Moldavian/Romanian 64.5%, Ukrainian 13.8%, Russian 13%, Gagauz 3.5%, Jewish 1.5%, Bulgarian 2%, other 1.7% (1989 figures)" );; line 75145 (wfb::source-text religion moldova "Eastern Orthodox 98.5%, Jewish 1.5%, Baptist (only about 1,000 members) (1991)" );; line 75153 (wfb::source-text language moldova "Moldovan (official; virtually the same as the Romanian language), Russian, Gagauz (a Turkish dialect)" );; line 75160 (wfb::source-text literacy moldova "age 15 and over can read and write (1989)" );; line 75165 (wfb::source-text literacy moldova total_population "96%" );; line 75167 (wfb::source-text literacy moldova male "99%" );; line 75169 (wfb::source-text literacy moldova female "94%" );; line 75171 (wfb::source-text total_labor_force moldova "2.03 million (January 1994)" );; line 75175 (wfb::source-text labor_force_by_occupation moldova by_occupation "agriculture 34.4%, industry 20.1%, other 45.5% (1985 figures)" );; line 75177 (wfb::source-text names moldova conventional_long_form "Republic of Moldova" );; line 75183 (wfb::source-text names moldova conventional_short_form "Moldova" );; line 75185 (wfb::source-text names moldova local_long_form "Republica Moldova" );; line 75187 (wfb::source-text names moldova local_short_form "none" );; line 75189 (wfb::source-text names moldova former "Soviet Socialist Republic of Moldova; Moldavia" );; line 75191 (wfb::source-text digraph moldova "MD" );; line 75195 (wfb::source-text type moldova "republic" );; line 75199 (wfb::source-text capital moldova "Chisinau" );; line 75203 (wfb::source-text administrative_divisions moldova "previously divided into 40 rayons; new districts possible under new constitution in 1994" );; line 75207 (wfb::source-text independence moldova "27 August 1991 (from Soviet Union)" );; line 75212 (wfb::source-text national_holiday moldova "Independence Day, 27 August 1991" );; line 75216 (wfb::source-text constitution moldova "new constitution adopted NA July 1994; replaces old Soviet constitution of 1979" );; line 75220 (wfb::source-text legal_system moldova "based on civil law system; no judicial review of legislative acts; does not accept compulsory ICJ jurisdiction but accepts many UN and OSCE documents" );; line 75225 (wfb::source-text suffrage moldova "18 years of age; universal" );; line 75231 (wfb::source-text executive_branch moldova chief_of_state "President Mircea SNEGUR (since 3 September 1990); election last held 8 December 1991 (next to be held NA 1996); results - Mircea SNEGUR ran unopposed and won 98.17% of vote; note - President SNEGUR was named executive president by the Supreme Soviet on 3 September 1990 and was confirmed by popular election on 8 December 1991" );; line 75236 (wfb::source-text executive_branch moldova head_of_government "Prime Minister Andrei SANGHELI (since 1 July 1992; reappointed 5 April 1994 after elections for new legislature); First Deputy Prime Minister Ion GUTU (since NA)" );; line 75242 (wfb::source-text executive_branch moldova cabinet "Council of Ministers; appointed by the president on recommendation of the prime minister" );; line 75246 (wfb::source-text legislative_structure moldova "unicameral" );; line 75251 (wfb::source-text legislative_branch moldova parliament "elections last held 27 February 1994 (next to be held NA 1999); results - percent by party NA; seats - (104 total) Agrarian-Democratic Party 56, Socialist/Yedinstvo Bloc 28, Peasants and Intellectual Bloc 11, Christian Democratic Popular Front 9" );; line 75253 (wfb::source-text judicial_branch moldova "Supreme Court" );; line 75260 (wfb::source-text political_parties_and_leaders moldova "Christian Democratic Popular Front (formerly Moldovan Popular Front), Iurie ROSCA, chairman; Yedinstvo Intermovement, Vladimir SOLONARI, chairman; Social Democratic Party, Oazu NANTOI, chairman, two other chairmen; Agrarian-Democratic Party, Dumitru MOTPAN, chairman; Democratic Party, Gheorghe GHIMPU, chairman; Democratic Labor Party, Alexandru ARSENI, chairman; Reform Party, Anatol SELARU; Republican Party, Victor PUSCAS; Socialist Party, Valeriu SENIC, cochairman; Communist Party, Vladimir VORONIN, cochairman; Peasants and Intellectuals Bloc" );; line 75264 (wfb::source-text other_political_or_pressure_groups moldova "United Council of Labor Collectives (UCLC), Igor SMIRNOV, chairman; Congress of Intellectuals, Alexandru MOSANU; The Ecology Movement of Moldova (EMM), G. MALARCHUK, chairman; The Christian Democratic League of Women of Moldova (CDLWM), L. LARI, chairman; National Christian Party of Moldova (NCPM), D. TODIKE, M. BARAGA, V. NIKU, leaders; The Peoples Movement Gagauz Khalky (GKh), S. GULGAR, leader; The Democratic Party of Gagauzia (DPG), G. SAVOSTIN, chairman; The Alliance of Working People of Moldova (AWPM), G. POLOGOV, president; Christian Alliance for Greater Romania; Stefan the Great Movement; Liberal Convention of Moldova; Association of Victims of Repression; Christian Democratic Youth League" );; line 75275 (wfb::source-text member_of moldova "BSEC, CE (guest), CIS, EBRD, ECE, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, ILO, IMF, INTELSAT (nonsignatory user), INTERPOL, IOC, IOM (observer), ITU, NACC, OSCE, PFP, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WTO" );; line 75288 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us moldova chief_of_mission "Ambassador Nicolae TAU" );; line 75295 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us moldova chancery "Suites 329, 333, 1511 K Street NW, Washington, DC 20005" );; line 75297 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us moldova telephone "[1] (202) 783-3012" );; line 75299 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us moldova fax "[1] (202) 783-3342" );; line 75301 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation moldova chief_of_mission "Ambassador Mary C. PENDLETON" );; line 75306 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation moldova embassy "Strada Alexei Mateevich #103, Chisinau" );; line 75308 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation moldova mailing_address "use embassy street address" );; line 75310 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation moldova telephone "[373] (2) 23-37-72" );; line 75312 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation moldova fax "[373] (2) 23-30-44" );; line 75314 (wfb::source-text flag moldova "same color scheme as Romania - 3 equal vertical bands of blue (hoist side), yellow, and red; emblem in center of flag is of a Roman eagle of gold outlined in black with a red beak and talons carrying a yellow cross in its beak and a green olive branch in its right talons and a yellow scepter in its left talons; on its breast is a shield divided horizontally red over blue with a stylized ox head, star, rose, and crescent all in black-outlined yellow" );; line 75318 (wfb::source-text overview moldova "Moldova enjoys a favorable climate and good farmland but has no major mineral deposits. As a result, Moldova's economy is primarily based on agriculture, featuring fruits, vegetables, wine, and tobacco. Moldova must import all of its supplies of oil, coal, and natural gas, and energy shortages have contributed to sharp production declines since the breakup of the Soviet Union in 1991. The Moldovan government is making steady progress on an ambitious economic reform agenda, and the IMF has called Moldova a model for the region. As part of its reform efforts, Chisinau has introduced a stable currency, freed all prices, stopped issuing preferential credits to state enterprises and backed their steady privatization, removed export controls, and freed interest rates. Chisinau appears strongly committed to continuing these reforms in 1995. Meanwhile, privatization of medium and large enterprises got underway in mid-1994 and is expected to pick up speed in 1995. To improve its precarious energy situation, Chisinau reached an agreement with Moscow in December 1994 on gas deliveries for 1995. Gazprom, Russia's national gas company, has agreed to reduce prices for natural gas deliveries to Moldova from the world market price of $80/thousand cubic meters (tcm) to $58/tcm in return for part ownership of the Moldovan pipeline system." );; line 75329 (wfb::source-text national_product moldova "GDP - purchasing power parity - $11.9 billion (1994 estimate as extrapolated from World Bank estimate for 1992)" );; line 75350 (wfb::source-text national_product_real_growth_rate moldova "-30% (1994 est.)" );; line 75355 (wfb::source-text national_product_per_capita moldova "$2,670 (1994 est.)" );; line 75359 (wfb::source-text |Inflation rate (consumer prices)| moldova "7.6% per month (1994)" );; line 75363 (wfb::source-text unemployment_rate moldova "1% (includes only officially registered unemployed; large numbers of underemployed workers)" );; line 75367 (wfb::source-text budget moldova revenues "$NA" );; line 75373 (wfb::source-text budget moldova expenditures "$NA, including capital expenditures of $NA" );; line 75375 (wfb::source-text exports moldova "$144 million to outside the FSU countries (1994); over 70% of exports go to FSU countries" );; line 75381 (wfb::source-text exports moldova commodities "foodstuffs, wine, tobacco, textiles and footwear, machinery, chemicals (1991)" );; line 75384 (wfb::source-text exports moldova partners "Russia, Kazakhstan, Ukraine, Romania, Germany" );; line 75387 (wfb::source-text imports moldova "$174 million from outside the FSU countries (1994); over 70% of imports are from FSU countries" );; line 75391 (wfb::source-text imports moldova commodities "oil, gas, coal, steel, machinery, foodstuffs, automobiles, and other consumer durables" );; line 75394 (wfb::source-text imports moldova partners "Russia, Ukraine, Uzbekistan, Romania, Germany" );; line 75397 (wfb::source-text external_debt moldova "$300 million (as of 11 December 1994)" );; line 75401 (wfb::source-text industrial_production moldova "growth rate -30% (1994 est.)" );; line 75405 (wfb::source-text electricity moldova capacity "3,000,000 kW" );; line 75410 (wfb::source-text electricity moldova production "8.2 billion kWh" );; line 75412 (wfb::source-text electricity moldova consumption_per_capita "1,830 kWh (1994)" );; line 75414 (wfb::source-text industry moldova "key products are canned food, agricultural machinery, foundry equipment, refrigerators and freezers, washing machines, hosiery, refined sugar, vegetable oil, shoes, textiles" );; line 75418 (wfb::source-text agriculture moldova "accounts for about 40% of GDP; Moldova's principal economic activity; products are vegetables, fruits, wine, grain, sugar beets, sunflower seed, meat, milk, tobacco" );; line 75424 (wfb::source-text illicit_drugs moldova "illicit cultivator of opium poppy and cannabis; mostly for CIS consumption; transshipment point for illicit drugs to Western Europe" );; line 75430 (wfb::source-text economic_aid moldova recipient "joint EC-US loan (1993), $127 million; IMF STF credit (1993), $64 million; IMF stand-by loan (1993), $72 million; US commitments (1992-93), $61 million in humanitarian aid, $11 million in technical assistance; World Bank loan (1993), $60 million; Russia (1993), 50 billion ruble credit; Romania (1993), 20 billion lei credit" );; line 75436 (wfb::source-text currency moldova "the leu (plural lei) was introduced in late 1993" );; line 75444 (wfb::source-text exchange_rates moldova "lei per US$1 - 4.277 (22 December 1994)" );; line 75448 (wfb::source-text fiscal_year moldova "calendar year" );; line 75452 (wfb::source-text railroads moldova total "1,150 km in common carrier service; does not include industrial lines" );; line 75458 (wfb::source-text railroads moldova broad_gauge "1,150 km 1.520-m gauge (1990)" );; line 75461 (wfb::source-text highways moldova total "20,000 km" );; line 75466 (wfb::source-text highways moldova paved_or_graveled "13,900 km" );; line 75468 (wfb::source-text highways moldova unpaved "earth 6,100 km (1990)" );; line 75470 (wfb::source-text pipelines moldova "natural gas 310 km (1992)" );; line 75474 (wfb::source-text port moldova "none" );; line 75478 (wfb::source-text airports moldova total "26" );; line 75483 (wfb::source-text airports moldova |with paved runways over 3,047 m| "1" );; line 75485 (wfb::source-text airports moldova |with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m| "2" );; line 75487 (wfb::source-text airports moldova |with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m| "2" );; line 75489 (wfb::source-text airports moldova with_paved_runways_under_914_m "3" );; line 75491 (wfb::source-text airports moldova |with unpaved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m| "3" );; line 75493 (wfb::source-text airports moldova |with unpaved runways 1,524 to 2,438 m| "2" );; line 75495 (wfb::source-text airports moldova |with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m| "5" );; line 75497 (wfb::source-text airports moldova with_unpaved_runways_under_914_m "8" );; line 75499 (wfb::source-text telephone_system moldova "577,000 telephones; 134 telephones/1,000 persons; telecommunication system not well developed; 215,000 unsatisfied requests for telephone service (1991)" );; line 75504 (wfb::source-text telephone_system moldova local "NA" );; line 75508 (wfb::source-text telephone_system moldova intercity "NA" );; line 75510 (wfb::source-text telephone_system moldova international "international connections to the other former Soviet republics by land line and microwave radio relay through Ukraine, and to other countries by leased connections to the Moscow international gateway switch; 1 EUTELSAT and 1 INTELSAT earth station" );; line 75512 (wfb::source-text radio moldova broadcast_stations "AM NA, FM NA, shortwave NA" );; line 75520 (wfb::source-text radio moldova radios "NA" );; line 75522 (wfb::source-text television moldova broadcast_stations "NA" );; line 75527 (wfb::source-text television moldova televisions "NA" );; line 75529 (wfb::source-text defense_branch moldova "Ground Forces, Air and Air Defense Forces, Republic Security Forces (internal and border troops)" );; line 75535 (wfb::source-text manpower_availability moldova "males age 15-49 1,116,912; males fit for military service 881,642; males reach military age (18) annually 35,447 (1995 est.)" );; line 75540 (wfb::source-text defense_expenditures moldova "$NA, 2% of GDP (1994)" );; line 75545 (wfb::source-text location monaco "Western Europe, bordering the Mediterranean Sea, on the southern coast of France, near the border with Italy" );; line 75555 (wfb::source-text map_references monaco "Europe" );; line 75560 (wfb::source-text area monaco total_area "1.9 sq km" );; line 75565 (wfb::source-text area monaco land_area "1.9 sq km" );; line 75567 (wfb::source-text area monaco comparative_area "about three times the size of The Mall in Washington, DC" );; line 75569 (wfb::source-text borders monaco "total 4.4 km, France 4.4 km" );; line 75573 (wfb::source-text coastline monaco "4.1 km" );; line 75577 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims monaco territorial_sea "12 nm" );; line 75582 (wfb::source-text international_disputes monaco "none" );; line 75586 (wfb::source-text climate monaco "Mediterranean with mild, wet winters and hot, dry summers" );; line 75590 (wfb::source-text terrain monaco "hilly, rugged, rocky" );; line 75594 (wfb::source-text natural-resource monaco "none" );; line 75598 (wfb::source-text land_use monaco arable_land "0%" );; line 75603 (wfb::source-text land_use monaco permanent_crops "0%" );; line 75605 (wfb::source-text land_use monaco meadows_and_pastures "0%" );; line 75607 (wfb::source-text land_use monaco forest_and_woodland "0%" );; line 75609 (wfb::source-text land_use monaco other "100%" );; line 75611 (wfb::source-text irrigated_land monaco "NA sq km" );; line 75615 (wfb::source-text environment monaco current_issues "NA" );; line 75620 (wfb::source-text environment monaco natural_hazards "NA" );; line 75622 (wfb::source-text environment monaco international_agreements "party to - Biodiversity, Climate Change, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Whaling; signed, but not ratified - Law of the Sea" );; line 75624 (wfb::source-text note monaco "second smallest independent state in world (after Holy See); almost entirely urban" );; line 75630 (wfb::source-text population monaco "31,515 (July 1995 est.)" );; line 75637 (wfb::source-text age_structure monaco 0-14_years "17% (female 2,691; male 2,740)" );; line 75642 (wfb::source-text age_structure monaco 15-64_years "63% (female 10,233; male 9,645)" );; line 75644 (wfb::source-text age_structure monaco 65_years_and_over "20% (female 3,939; male 2,267) (July 1995 est.)" );; line 75646 (wfb::source-text population_growth_rate monaco "0.7% (1995 est.)" );; line 75650 (wfb::source-text birth_rate monaco "10.66 births/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 75654 (wfb::source-text death_rate monaco "12.12 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 75658 (wfb::source-text net_migration_rate monaco "8.44 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 75662 (wfb::source-text infant_mortality_rate monaco "7 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.)" );; line 75666 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth monaco total_population "77.9 years" );; line 75671 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth monaco male "74.18 years" );; line 75673 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth monaco female "81.8 years (1995 est.)" );; line 75675 (wfb::source-text total_fertility_rate monaco "1.7 children born/woman (1995 est.)" );; line 75679 (wfb::source-text nationality monaco noun "Monacan(s) or Monegasque(s)" );; line 75684 (wfb::source-text nationality monaco adjective "Monacan or Monegasque" );; line 75686 (wfb::source-text ethnic-entity monaco "French 47%, Monegasque 16%, Italian 16%, other 21%" );; line 75690 (wfb::source-text religion monaco "Roman Catholic 95%" );; line 75694 (wfb::source-text language monaco "French (official), English, Italian, Monegasque" );; line 75698 (wfb::source-text literacy monaco "NA%" );; line 75702 (wfb::source-text total_labor_force monaco "NA" );; line 75706 (wfb::source-text names monaco conventional_long_form "Principality of Monaco" );; line 75712 (wfb::source-text names monaco conventional_short_form "Monaco" );; line 75714 (wfb::source-text names monaco local_long_form "Principaute de Monaco" );; line 75716 (wfb::source-text names monaco local_short_form "Monaco" );; line 75718 (wfb::source-text digraph monaco "MN" );; line 75722 (wfb::source-text type monaco "constitutional monarchy" );; line 75726 (wfb::source-text capital monaco "Monaco" );; line 75730 (wfb::source-text administrative_divisions monaco "4 quarters (quartiers, singular - quartier); Fontvieille, La Condamine, Monaco-Ville, Monte-Carlo" );; line 75734 (wfb::source-text independence monaco "1419 (rule by the House of Grimaldi)" );; line 75739 (wfb::source-text national_holiday monaco "National Day, 19 November" );; line 75743 (wfb::source-text constitution monaco "17 December 1962" );; line 75747 (wfb::source-text legal_system monaco "based on French law; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction" );; line 75751 (wfb::source-text suffrage monaco "25 years of age; universal" );; line 75755 (wfb::source-text executive_branch monaco chief_of_state "Prince RAINIER III (since NA November 1949); Heir Apparent Prince ALBERT Alexandre Louis Pierre (born 14 March 1958)" );; line 75760 (wfb::source-text executive_branch monaco head_of_government "Minister of State Paul DIJOUD (since NA)" );; line 75763 (wfb::source-text executive_branch monaco cabinet "Council of Government; under the authority of the Prince" );; line 75765 (wfb::source-text legislative_structure monaco "unicameral" );; line 75769 (wfb::source-text legislative_branch monaco |National Council (Conseil National)| "elections last held 24 and 31 January 1993 (next to be held NA); results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (18 total) Campora List 15, Medecin List 2, independent 1" );; line 75771 (wfb::source-text judicial_branch monaco "Supreme Tribunal (Tribunal Supreme)" );; line 75777 (wfb::source-text political_parties_and_leaders monaco "National and Democratic Union (UND); Campora List, Anne-Marie CAMPORA; Medecin List, Jean-Louis MEDECIN" );; line 75781 (wfb::source-text member_of monaco "ACCT, ECE, IAEA, ICAO, ICRM, IFRCS, IMO, INMARSAT, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, ITU, OSCE, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WIPO" );; line 75786 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us monaco |honorary consulate(s) general| "Boston, Chicago, Los Angeles, New Orleans, New York, San Francisco, San Juan (Puerto Rico)" );; line 75792 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us monaco |honorary consulate(s)| "Dallas, Palm Beach, Philadelphia, and Washington, DC" );; line 75795 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation monaco "no mission in Monaco, but the US Consul General in Marseille, France, is accredited to Monaco" );; line 75799 (wfb::source-text flag monaco "two equal horizontal bands of red (top) and white; similar to the flag of Indonesia which is longer and the flag of Poland which is white (top) and red" );; line 75804 (wfb::source-text overview monaco "Monaco, situated on the French Mediterranean coast, is a popular resort, attracting tourists to its casino and pleasant climate. The Principality has successfully sought to diversify into services and small, high-value-added, nonpolluting industries. The state has no income tax and low business taxes and thrives as a tax haven both for individuals who have established residence and for foreign companies that have set up businesses and offices. About 50% of Monaco's annual revenue comes from value-added taxes on hotels, banks, and the industrial sector; about 25% of revenue comes from tourism. Living standards are high, that is, roughly comparable to those in prosperous French metropolitan suburbs." );; line 75811 (wfb::source-text national_product monaco "GDP - purchasing power parity - $558 million (1993 est.)" );; line 75824 (wfb::source-text national_product_real_growth_rate monaco "NA%" );; line 75828 (wfb::source-text national_product_per_capita monaco "$18,000 (1993 est.)" );; line 75832 (wfb::source-text |Inflation rate (consumer prices)| monaco "NA%" );; line 75836 (wfb::source-text unemployment_rate monaco "NEGL%" );; line 75840 (wfb::source-text budget monaco revenues "$424 million" );; line 75845 (wfb::source-text budget monaco expenditures "$376 million, including capital expenditures of $NA (1991 est.)" );; line 75847 (wfb::source-text exports monaco "$NA; full customs integration with France, which collects and rebates Monacan trade duties; also participates in EU market system through customs union with France" );; line 75851 (wfb::source-text imports monaco "$NA; full customs integration with France, which collects and rebates Monacan trade duties; also participates in EU market system through customs union with France" );; line 75857 (wfb::source-text external_debt monaco "$NA" );; line 75863 (wfb::source-text industrial_production monaco "growth rate NA%" );; line 75867 (wfb::source-text electricity monaco capacity "10,000 kW standby; power imported from France" );; line 75872 (wfb::source-text electricity monaco production "NA kWh" );; line 75874 (wfb::source-text electricity monaco consumption_per_capita "NA kWh (1993)" );; line 75876 (wfb::source-text agriculture monaco "none" );; line 75880 (wfb::source-text economic_aid monaco "$NA" );; line 75884 (wfb::source-text currency monaco "1 French franc (F) = 100 centimes" );; line 75888 (wfb::source-text exchange_rates monaco "French francs (F) per US$1 - 5.9243 (January 1995), 5.520 (1994), 5.6632 (1993), 5.2938 (1992), 5.6421 (1991), 5.4453 (1990)" );; line 75892 (wfb::source-text fiscal_year monaco "calendar year" );; line 75897 (wfb::source-text railroads monaco total "1.7 km" );; line 75903 (wfb::source-text railroads monaco standard_gauge "1.7 km 1.435-m gauge" );; line 75905 (wfb::source-text highways monaco "none; city streets" );; line 75909 (wfb::source-text port monaco "Monaco" );; line 75913 (wfb::source-text merchant_marine monaco "none" );; line 75917 (wfb::source-text airports monaco "linked to airport in Nice, France, by helicopter service" );; line 75921 (wfb::source-text telephone_system monaco "38,200 telephones; automatic telephone system" );; line 75926 (wfb::source-text telephone_system monaco local "NA" );; line 75928 (wfb::source-text telephone_system monaco intercity "NA" );; line 75930 (wfb::source-text telephone_system monaco international "no satellite links; served by cable into the French communications system" );; line 75932 (wfb::source-text radio monaco broadcast_stations "AM 3, FM 4, shortwave 0" );; line 75938 (wfb::source-text radio monaco radios "NA" );; line 75940 (wfb::source-text television monaco broadcast_stations "5" );; line 75945 (wfb::source-text television monaco televisions "NA" );; line 75947 (wfb::source-text note monaco "defense is the responsibility of France" );; line 75953 (wfb::source-text location mongolia "Northern Asia, north of China" );; line 75963 (wfb::source-text map_references mongolia "Asia" );; line 75967 (wfb::source-text area mongolia total_area "1.565 million sq km" );; line 75972 (wfb::source-text area mongolia land_area "1.565 million sq km" );; line 75974 (wfb::source-text area mongolia comparative_area "slightly larger than Alaska" );; line 75976 (wfb::source-text borders mongolia "total 8,114 km, China 4,673 km, Russia 3,441 km" );; line 75980 (wfb::source-text coastline mongolia "0 km (landlocked)" );; line 75984 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims mongolia "none; landlocked" );; line 75988 (wfb::source-text international_disputes mongolia "none" );; line 75992 (wfb::source-text climate mongolia "desert; continental (large daily and seasonal temperature ranges)" );; line 75996 (wfb::source-text terrain mongolia "vast semidesert and desert plains; mountains in west and southwest; Gobi Desert in southeast" );; line 76000 (wfb::source-text natural-resource mongolia "oil, coal, copper, molybdenum, tungsten, phosphates, tin, nickel, zinc, wolfram, fluorspar, gold" );; line 76005 (wfb::source-text land_use mongolia arable_land "1%" );; line 76011 (wfb::source-text land_use mongolia permanent_crops "0%" );; line 76013 (wfb::source-text land_use mongolia meadows_and_pastures "79%" );; line 76015 (wfb::source-text land_use mongolia forest_and_woodland "10%" );; line 76017 (wfb::source-text land_use mongolia other "10%" );; line 76019 (wfb::source-text irrigated_land mongolia "770 sq km (1989)" );; line 76023 (wfb::source-text environment mongolia current_issues "limited natural fresh water resources; policies of the former communist regime promoting rapid urbanization and industrial growth have raised concerns about their negative effects on the environment; the burning of soft coal and the concentration of factories in Ulaanbaatar have severely polluted the air; deforestation, overgrazing, the converting of virgin land to agricultural production have increased soil erosion from wind and rain; desertification" );; line 76028 (wfb::source-text environment mongolia natural_hazards "duststorms can occur in the spring" );; line 76036 (wfb::source-text environment mongolia international_agreements "party to - Biodiversity, Climate Change, Environmental Modification, Nuclear Test Ban; signed, but not ratified - Desertification, Law of the Sea" );; line 76038 (wfb::source-text note mongolia "landlocked; strategic location between China and Russia" );; line 76044 (wfb::source-text population mongolia "2,493,615 (July 1995 est.)" );; line 76050 (wfb::source-text age_structure mongolia 0-14_years "40% (female 495,919; male 511,464)" );; line 76055 (wfb::source-text age_structure mongolia 15-64_years "56% (female 693,037; male 693,776)" );; line 76057 (wfb::source-text age_structure mongolia 65_years_and_over "4% (female 54,991; male 44,428) (July 1995 est.)" );; line 76059 (wfb::source-text population_growth_rate mongolia "2.58% (1995 est.)" );; line 76063 (wfb::source-text birth_rate mongolia "32.65 births/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 76067 (wfb::source-text death_rate mongolia "6.82 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 76071 (wfb::source-text net_migration_rate mongolia "0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 76075 (wfb::source-text infant_mortality_rate mongolia "41.8 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.)" );; line 76079 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth mongolia total_population "66.54 years" );; line 76084 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth mongolia male "64.28 years" );; line 76086 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth mongolia female "68.92 years (1995 est.)" );; line 76088 (wfb::source-text total_fertility_rate mongolia "4.26 children born/woman (1995 est.)" );; line 76092 (wfb::source-text nationality mongolia noun "Mongolian(s)" );; line 76097 (wfb::source-text nationality mongolia adjective "Mongolian" );; line 76099 (wfb::source-text ethnic-entity mongolia "Mongol 90%, Kazakh 4%, Chinese 2%, Russian 2%, other 2%" );; line 76103 (wfb::source-text religion mongolia "predominantly Tibetan Buddhist, Muslim 4%" );; line 76107 (wfb::source-text language mongolia "Khalkha Mongol 90%, Turkic, Russian, Chinese" );; line 76113 (wfb::source-text literacy mongolia "NA%" );; line 76117 (wfb::source-text total_labor_force mongolia "NA" );; line 76121 (wfb::source-text labor_force_by_occupation mongolia by_occupation "primarily herding/agricultural" );; line 76123 (wfb::source-text names mongolia conventional_long_form "none" );; line 76132 (wfb::source-text names mongolia conventional_short_form "Mongolia" );; line 76134 (wfb::source-text names mongolia local_long_form "none" );; line 76136 (wfb::source-text names mongolia local_short_form "Mongol Uls" );; line 76138 (wfb::source-text names mongolia former "Outer Mongolia" );; line 76140 (wfb::source-text digraph mongolia "MG" );; line 76144 (wfb::source-text type mongolia "republic" );; line 76148 (wfb::source-text capital mongolia "Ulaanbaatar" );; line 76152 (wfb::source-text administrative_divisions mongolia "18 provinces (aymguud, singular - aymag) and 3 municipalities* (hotuud, singular - hot); Arhangay, Bayanhongor, Bayan-Olgiy, Bulgan, Darhan*, Dornod, Dornogovi, Dundgovi, Dzavhan, Erdenet*, Govi-Altay, Hentiy, Hovd, Hovsgol, Omnogovi, Ovorhangay, Selenge, Suhbaatar, Tov, Ulaanbaatar*, Uvs" );; line 76156 (wfb::source-text independence mongolia "13 March 1921 (from China)" );; line 76163 (wfb::source-text national_holiday mongolia "National Day, 11 July (1921)" );; line 76167 (wfb::source-text constitution mongolia "adopted 13 January 1992" );; line 76171 (wfb::source-text legal_system mongolia "blend of Russian, Chinese, and Turkish systems of law; no constitutional provision for judicial review of legislative acts; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction" );; line 76175 (wfb::source-text suffrage mongolia "18 years of age; universal" );; line 76181 (wfb::source-text executive_branch mongolia chief_of_state "President Punsalmaagiyn OCHIRBAT (since 3 September 1990); election last held 6 June 1993 (next to be held NA 1997); results - Punsalmaagiyn OCHIRBAT (MNDP and MSDP) elected directly with 57.8% of the vote; other candidate Lodongiyn TUDEV (MPRP)" );; line 76186 (wfb::source-text executive_branch mongolia head_of_government "Prime Minister Putsagiyn JASRAY (since 3 August 1992); Deputy Prime Ministers Lhamsuren ENEBISH and Choijilsurengiyn PUREVDORJ (since NA)" );; line 76191 (wfb::source-text executive_branch mongolia cabinet "Cabinet; appointed by the Great Hural" );; line 76194 (wfb::source-text legislative_structure mongolia "unicameral" );; line 76198 (wfb::source-text legislative_branch mongolia state_great_hural "elections held for the first time 28 June 1992 (next to be held NA); results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (76 total) MPRP 71, United Party of Mongolia 4, MSDP 1" );; line 76200 (wfb::source-text judicial_branch mongolia "Supreme Court serves as appeals court for people's and provincial courts, but to date rarely overturns verdicts of lower courts" );; line 76208 (wfb::source-text political_parties_and_leaders mongolia "Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party (MPRP), Budragchagiin DASH-YONDON, secretary general; Mongolian National Democratic Party (MNDP), D. GANBOLD, chairman; Mongolian Social Democratic Party (MSDP), B. BATBAYAR, chairman; United Party of Mongolia, leader NA" );; line 76213 (wfb::source-text member_of mongolia "AsDB, CCC, ESCAP, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, INTELSAT (nonsignatory user), INTERPOL, IOC, ISO, ITU, NAM (observer), UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO" );; line 76222 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us mongolia chief_of_mission "Ambassador Luvsandorj DAWAAGIW" );; line 76229 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us mongolia chancery "2833 M Street NW, Washington, DC 20007" );; line 76231 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us mongolia telephone "[1] (202) 333-7117" );; line 76233 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us mongolia fax "[1] (202) 298-9227" );; line 76235 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us mongolia |consulate(s) general| "New York" );; line 76237 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation mongolia chief_of_mission "Ambassador Donald C. JOHNSON" );; line 76242 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation mongolia embassy "address NA, Ulaanbaatar" );; line 76244 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation mongolia mailing_address "c/o American Embassy Beijing, Micro Region 11, Big Ring Road; PSC 461, Box 300, FPO AP 96521-0002" );; line 76246 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation mongolia telephone "[976] (1) 329095, 329606" );; line 76249 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation mongolia fax "[976] (1) 320776" );; line 76251 (wfb::source-text flag mongolia "three equal, vertical bands of red (hoist side), blue, and red, centered on the hoist-side red band in yellow is the national emblem (\"soyombo\" - a columnar arrangement of abstract and geometric representation for fire, sun, moon, earth, water, and the yin-yang symbol)" );; line 76255 (wfb::source-text overview mongolia "Mongolia's severe climate, scattered population, and wide expanses of unproductive land have constrained economic development. Economic activity traditionally has been based on agriculture and the breeding of livestock. In past years extensive mineral resources had been developed with Soviet support; total Soviet assistance at its height amounted to 30% of GDP. The mining and processing of coal, copper, molybdenum, tin, tungsten, and gold account for a large part of industrial production. Timber and fishing are also important sectors. The Mongolian leadership has been gradually making the transition from Soviet-style central planning to a market economy through privatization and price reform, and is soliciting support from international financial agencies and foreign investors. The economy, however, has still not recovered from the loss of Soviet aid, and the country continues to suffer substantial economic hardships, with one-fourth of the population below the poverty line." );; line 76263 (wfb::source-text national_product mongolia "GDP - purchasing power parity - $4.4 billion (1994 est.)" );; line 76280 (wfb::source-text national_product_real_growth_rate mongolia "2.5% (1994 est.)" );; line 76284 (wfb::source-text national_product_per_capita mongolia "$1,800 (1994 est.)" );; line 76288 (wfb::source-text |Inflation rate (consumer prices)| mongolia "70% (1994 est.)" );; line 76292 (wfb::source-text unemployment_rate mongolia "15% (1991 est.)" );; line 76296 (wfb::source-text budget mongolia revenues "$NA" );; line 76301 (wfb::source-text budget mongolia expenditures "$NA, including capital expenditures of $NA (1991 est.)" );; line 76303 (wfb::source-text exports mongolia "$360 million (f.o.b., 1993 est.)" );; line 76309 (wfb::source-text exports mongolia commodities "copper, livestock, animal products, cashmere, wool, hides, fluorspar, other nonferrous metals" );; line 76311 (wfb::source-text exports mongolia partners "former CMEA countries 62%, China 17%, EC 8% (1992)" );; line 76314 (wfb::source-text imports mongolia "$361 million (f.o.b., 1993 est.)" );; line 76318 (wfb::source-text imports mongolia commodities "machinery and equipment, fuels, food products, industrial consumer goods, chemicals, building materials, sugar, tea" );; line 76320 (wfb::source-text imports mongolia partners "USSR 75%, Austria 5%, China 5% (1991)" );; line 76323 (wfb::source-text external_debt mongolia "$NA" );; line 76327 (wfb::source-text industrial_production mongolia "growth rate -15% (1992 est.); accounts for about 42% of GDP" );; line 76331 (wfb::source-text electricity mongolia capacity "900,000 kW" );; line 76336 (wfb::source-text electricity mongolia production "3.1 billion kWh" );; line 76338 (wfb::source-text electricity mongolia consumption_per_capita "1,267 kWh (1993)" );; line 76340 (wfb::source-text industry mongolia "copper, processing of animal products, building materials, food and beverage, mining (particularly coal)" );; line 76344 (wfb::source-text agriculture mongolia "accounts for about 35% of GDP and provides livelihood for about 50% of the population; livestock raising predominates (primarily sheep and goats, but also cattle, camels, and horses); crops - wheat, barley, potatoes, forage" );; line 76349 (wfb::source-text economic_aid mongolia "NA" );; line 76356 (wfb::source-text currency mongolia "1 tughrik (Tug) = 100 mongos" );; line 76360 (wfb::source-text exchange_rates mongolia "tughriks (Tug) per US$1 - 415.34 (January 1995), 412.72 (1994), 42.56 (1992), 9.52 (1991), 5.63 (1990)" );; line 76364 (wfb::source-text fiscal_year mongolia "calendar year" );; line 76375 (wfb::source-text railroads mongolia total "1,750 km" );; line 76381 (wfb::source-text railroads mongolia broad_gauge "1,750 km 1.524-m gauge (1988)" );; line 76383 (wfb::source-text highways mongolia total "46,700 km" );; line 76388 (wfb::source-text highways mongolia paved "1,000 km" );; line 76390 (wfb::source-text highways mongolia unpaved "45,700 km (1988)" );; line 76392 (wfb::source-text inland_waterways mongolia "397 km of principal routes (1988)" );; line 76396 (wfb::source-text port mongolia "none" );; line 76400 (wfb::source-text airports mongolia total "34" );; line 76405 (wfb::source-text airports mongolia |with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m| "7" );; line 76407 (wfb::source-text airports mongolia with_paved_runways_under_914_m "1" );; line 76409 (wfb::source-text airports mongolia |with unpaved runways over 3,047 m| "3" );; line 76411 (wfb::source-text airports mongolia |with unpaved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m| "5" );; line 76413 (wfb::source-text airports mongolia |with unpaved runways 1,524 to 2,438 m| "10" );; line 76415 (wfb::source-text airports mongolia |with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m| "3" );; line 76417 (wfb::source-text airports mongolia with_unpaved_runways_under_914_m "5" );; line 76419 (wfb::source-text telephone_system mongolia "63,000 telephones (1989)" );; line 76424 (wfb::source-text telephone_system mongolia local "NA" );; line 76426 (wfb::source-text telephone_system mongolia intercity "NA" );; line 76428 (wfb::source-text telephone_system mongolia international "at least 1 satellite earth station" );; line 76430 (wfb::source-text radio mongolia broadcast_stations "AM 12, FM 1, shortwave 0" );; line 76435 (wfb::source-text radio mongolia radios "220,000" );; line 76437 (wfb::source-text television mongolia broadcast_stations "1 (provincial repeaters - 18)" );; line 76442 (wfb::source-text television mongolia televisions "120,000" );; line 76444 (wfb::source-text defense_branch mongolia "Mongolian People's Army (includes Internal Security Forces and Frontier Guards), Air Force" );; line 76450 (wfb::source-text manpower_availability mongolia "males age 15-49 605,633; males fit for military service 394,433; males reach military age (18) annually 25,862 (1995 est.)" );; line 76455 (wfb::source-text defense_expenditures mongolia "exchange rate conversion - $22.8 million, 1% of GDP (1992)" );; line 76460 (wfb::source-text location montserrat "Caribbean, island in the Caribbean Sea, southeast of Puerto Rico" );; line 76471 (wfb::source-text map_references montserrat "Central America and the Caribbean" );; line 76475 (wfb::source-text area montserrat total_area "100 sq km" );; line 76480 (wfb::source-text area montserrat land_area "100 sq km" );; line 76482 (wfb::source-text area montserrat comparative_area "about 0.6 times the size of Washington, DC" );; line 76484 (wfb::source-text borders montserrat "0 km" );; line 76488 (wfb::source-text coastline montserrat "40 km" );; line 76492 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims montserrat exclusive_fishing_zone "200 nm" );; line 76497 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims montserrat territorial_sea "3 nm" );; line 76499 (wfb::source-text international_disputes montserrat "none" );; line 76503 (wfb::source-text climate montserrat "tropical; little daily or seasonal temperature variation" );; line 76507 (wfb::source-text terrain montserrat "volcanic islands, mostly mountainous, with small coastal lowland" );; line 76511 (wfb::source-text natural-resource montserrat "negligible" );; line 76515 (wfb::source-text land_use montserrat arable_land "20%" );; line 76520 (wfb::source-text land_use montserrat permanent_crops "0%" );; line 76522 (wfb::source-text land_use montserrat meadows_and_pastures "10%" );; line 76524 (wfb::source-text land_use montserrat forest_and_woodland "40%" );; line 76526 (wfb::source-text land_use montserrat other "30%" );; line 76528 (wfb::source-text irrigated_land montserrat "NA sq km" );; line 76532 (wfb::source-text environment montserrat current_issues "land erosion occurs on slopes that have been cleared for cultivation" );; line 76537 (wfb::source-text environment montserrat natural_hazards "severe hurricanes (June to November); volcanic eruptions (there are seven active volcanoes on the island)" );; line 76540 (wfb::source-text environment montserrat international_agreements "NA" );; line 76543 (wfb::source-text population montserrat "12,738 (July 1995 est.)" );; line 76549 (wfb::source-text age_structure montserrat 0-14_years "NA" );; line 76554 (wfb::source-text age_structure montserrat 15-64_years "NA" );; line 76556 (wfb::source-text age_structure montserrat 65_years_and_over "NA" );; line 76558 (wfb::source-text population_growth_rate montserrat "0.3% (1995 est.)" );; line 76562 (wfb::source-text birth_rate montserrat "15.5 births/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 76566 (wfb::source-text death_rate montserrat "9.81 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 76570 (wfb::source-text net_migration_rate montserrat "-2.65 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 76574 (wfb::source-text infant_mortality_rate montserrat "11.69 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.)" );; line 76578 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth montserrat total_population "75.69 years" );; line 76583 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth montserrat male "73.93 years" );; line 76585 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth montserrat female "77.49 years (1995 est.)" );; line 76587 (wfb::source-text total_fertility_rate montserrat "1.99 children born/woman (1995 est.)" );; line 76591 (wfb::source-text nationality montserrat noun "Montserratian(s)" );; line 76596 (wfb::source-text nationality montserrat adjective "Montserratian" );; line 76598 (wfb::source-text ethnic-entity montserrat "black, Europeans" );; line 76602 (wfb::source-text religion montserrat "Anglican, Methodist, Roman Catholic, Pentecostal, Seventh-Day Adventist, other Christian denominations" );; line 76606 (wfb::source-text language montserrat "English" );; line 76611 (wfb::source-text literacy montserrat "age 15 and over has ever attended school (1970)" );; line 76615 (wfb::source-text literacy montserrat total_population "97%" );; line 76617 (wfb::source-text literacy montserrat male "97%" );; line 76619 (wfb::source-text literacy montserrat female "97%" );; line 76621 (wfb::source-text total_labor_force montserrat "5,100" );; line 76625 (wfb::source-text labor_force_by_occupation montserrat by_occupation "community, social, and personal services 40.5%, construction 13.5%, trade, restaurants, and hotels 12.3%, manufacturing 10.5%, agriculture, forestry, and fishing 8.8%, other 14.4% (1983 est.)" );; line 76627 (wfb::source-text names montserrat conventional_long_form "none" );; line 76635 (wfb::source-text names montserrat conventional_short_form "Montserrat" );; line 76637 (wfb::source-text digraph montserrat "MH" );; line 76641 (wfb::source-text type montserrat "dependent territory of the UK" );; line 76645 (wfb::source-text capital montserrat "Plymouth" );; line 76649 (wfb::source-text administrative_divisions montserrat "3 parishes; Saint Anthony, Saint Georges, Saint Peter's" );; line 76653 (wfb::source-text independence montserrat "none (dependent territory of the UK)" );; line 76657 (wfb::source-text national_holiday montserrat "Celebration of the Birthday of the Queen (second Saturday of June)" );; line 76661 (wfb::source-text constitution montserrat "present constitution came into force 19 December 1989" );; line 76666 (wfb::source-text legal_system montserrat "English common law and statute law" );; line 76670 (wfb::source-text suffrage montserrat "18 years of age; universal" );; line 76674 (wfb::source-text executive_branch montserrat chief_of_state "Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952), represented by Governor Frank SAVAGE (since NA February 1993)" );; line 76679 (wfb::source-text executive_branch montserrat head_of_government "Chief Minister Reuben T. MEADE (since NA October 1991)" );; line 76682 (wfb::source-text executive_branch montserrat cabinet "Executive Council; consists of the governor, the chief minister, three other ministries, the attorney-general, and the finance secretary" );; line 76684 (wfb::source-text legislative_structure montserrat "unicameral" );; line 76689 (wfb::source-text legislative_branch montserrat legislative_council "elections last held 8 October 1991; results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (11 total, 7 elected) NPP 4, NDP 1, PLM 1, independent 1" );; line 76691 (wfb::source-text judicial_branch montserrat "Supreme Court" );; line 76696 (wfb::source-text political_parties_and_leaders montserrat "National Progressive Party (NPP) Reuben T. MEADE; People's Liberation Movement (PLM), Noel TUITT; National Development Party (NDP), Bertrand OSBORNE" );; line 76700 (wfb::source-text member_of montserrat "CARICOM, CDB, ECLAC (associate), ICFTU, INTERPOL (subbureau), OECS, WCL" );; line 76706 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us montserrat "none (dependent territory of the UK)" );; line 76711 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation montserrat "none (dependent territory of the UK)" );; line 76715 (wfb::source-text flag montserrat "blue with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side quadrant and the Montserratian coat of arms centered in the outer half of the flag; the coat of arms features a woman standing beside a yellow harp with her arm around a black cross" );; line 76719 (wfb::source-text overview montserrat "The economy is small and open with economic activity centered on tourism and construction. Tourism is the most important sector and accounts for roughly one-fifth of GDP. Agriculture accounts for about 4% of GDP and industry 10%. The economy is heavily dependent on imports, making it vulnerable to fluctuations in world prices. Exports consist mainly of electronic parts sold to the US." );; line 76727 (wfb::source-text national_product montserrat "GDP - purchasing power parity - $55.6 million (1993 est.)" );; line 76736 (wfb::source-text national_product_real_growth_rate montserrat "1% (1993 est.)" );; line 76740 (wfb::source-text national_product_per_capita montserrat "$4,380 (1993 est.)" );; line 76744 (wfb::source-text |Inflation rate (consumer prices)| montserrat "2.8% (1992)" );; line 76748 (wfb::source-text unemployment_rate montserrat "NA" );; line 76752 (wfb::source-text budget montserrat revenues "$12.1 million" );; line 76757 (wfb::source-text budget montserrat expenditures "$14.3 million, including capital expenditures of $3.2 million (1988 est.)" );; line 76759 (wfb::source-text exports montserrat "$2.8 million (f.o.b., 1992)" );; line 76764 (wfb::source-text exports montserrat commodities "electronic parts, plastic bags, apparel, hot peppers, live plants, cattle" );; line 76766 (wfb::source-text exports montserrat partners "NA" );; line 76769 (wfb::source-text imports montserrat "$80.6 million (f.o.b., 1992)" );; line 76773 (wfb::source-text imports montserrat commodities "machinery and transportation equipment, foodstuffs, manufactured goods, fuels, lubricants, and related materials" );; line 76775 (wfb::source-text imports montserrat partners "NA" );; line 76778 (wfb::source-text external_debt montserrat "$2.05 million (1987)" );; line 76782 (wfb::source-text industrial_production montserrat "growth rate 8.1% (1986); accounts for 10% of GDP" );; line 76786 (wfb::source-text electricity montserrat capacity "5,271 kW" );; line 76791 (wfb::source-text electricity montserrat production "17 million kWh" );; line 76793 (wfb::source-text electricity montserrat consumption_per_capita "1,106 kWh (1993)" );; line 76795 (wfb::source-text industry montserrat "tourism; light manufacturing - rum, textiles, electronic appliances" );; line 76799 (wfb::source-text agriculture montserrat "accounts for 4% of GDP; small-scale farming; food crops - tomatoes, onions, peppers; not self-sufficient in food, especially livestock products" );; line 76804 (wfb::source-text economic_aid montserrat recipient "Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-89), $90 million" );; line 76811 (wfb::source-text currency montserrat "1 EC dollar (EC$) = 100 cents" );; line 76816 (wfb::source-text exchange_rates montserrat "East Caribbean dollars (EC$) per US$1 - 2.70 (fixed rate since 1976)" );; line 76820 (wfb::source-text fiscal_year montserrat "1 April - 31 March" );; line 76825 (wfb::source-text railroads montserrat "0 km" );; line 76830 (wfb::source-text highways montserrat total "280 km" );; line 76835 (wfb::source-text highways montserrat paved "200 km" );; line 76837 (wfb::source-text highways montserrat unpaved "gravel, earth 80 km" );; line 76839 (wfb::source-text port montserrat "Plymouth" );; line 76843 (wfb::source-text merchant_marine montserrat "none" );; line 76847 (wfb::source-text airports montserrat total "1" );; line 76852 (wfb::source-text airports montserrat |with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m| "1" );; line 76854 (wfb::source-text telephone_system montserrat "3,000 telephones" );; line 76859 (wfb::source-text telephone_system montserrat local "NA" );; line 76861 (wfb::source-text telephone_system montserrat intercity "NA" );; line 76863 (wfb::source-text telephone_system montserrat international "NA" );; line 76865 (wfb::source-text radio montserrat broadcast_stations "AM 8, FM 4, shortwave 0" );; line 76870 (wfb::source-text radio montserrat radios "NA" );; line 76872 (wfb::source-text television montserrat broadcast_stations "1" );; line 76877 (wfb::source-text television montserrat televisions "NA" );; line 76879 (wfb::source-text defense_branch montserrat "Police Force" );; line 76885 (wfb::source-text note montserrat "defense is the responsibility of the UK" );; line 76889 (wfb::source-text location morocco "Northern Africa, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea, between Algeria and Western Sahara" );; line 76899 (wfb::source-text map_references morocco "Africa" );; line 76904 (wfb::source-text area morocco total_area "446,550 sq km" );; line 76909 (wfb::source-text area morocco land_area "446,300 sq km" );; line 76911 (wfb::source-text area morocco comparative_area "slightly larger than California" );; line 76913 (wfb::source-text borders morocco "total 2,002 km, Algeria 1,559 km, Western Sahara 443 km" );; line 76917 (wfb::source-text coastline morocco "1,835 km" );; line 76921 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims morocco contiguous_zone "24 nm" );; line 76926 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims morocco continental_shelf "200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation" );; line 76928 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims morocco exclusive_economic_zone "200 nm" );; line 76930 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims morocco territorial_sea "12 nm" );; line 76932 (wfb::source-text international_disputes morocco "claims and administers Western Sahara, but sovereignty is unresolved; the UN is attempting to hold a referendum; the UN-administered cease-fire has been currently in effect since September 1991; Spain controls five places of sovereignty (plazas de soberania) on and off the coast of Morocco - the coastal enclaves of Ceuta and Melilla which Morocco contests as well as the islands of Penon de Alhucemas, Penon de Velez de la Gomera, and Islas Chafarinas" );; line 76936 (wfb::source-text climate morocco "Mediterranean, becoming more extreme in the interior" );; line 76946 (wfb::source-text terrain morocco "northern coast and interior are mountainous with large areas of bordering plateaus, intermontane valleys, and rich coastal plains" );; line 76950 (wfb::source-text natural-resource morocco "phosphates, iron ore, manganese, lead, zinc, fish, salt" );; line 76955 (wfb::source-text land_use morocco arable_land "18%" );; line 76960 (wfb::source-text land_use morocco permanent_crops "1%" );; line 76962 (wfb::source-text land_use morocco meadows_and_pastures "28%" );; line 76964 (wfb::source-text land_use morocco forest_and_woodland "12%" );; line 76966 (wfb::source-text land_use morocco other "41%" );; line 76968 (wfb::source-text irrigated_land morocco "12,650 sq km (1989 est.)" );; line 76972 (wfb::source-text environment morocco current_issues "land degradation/desertification (soil erosion resulting from farming of marginal areas, overgrazing, destruction of vegetation); water supplies contaminated by raw sewage; siltation of reservoirs; oil pollution of coastal waters" );; line 76977 (wfb::source-text environment morocco natural_hazards "northern mountains geologically unstable and subject to earthquakes; periodic droughts" );; line 76982 (wfb::source-text environment morocco international_agreements "party to - Endangered Species, Marine Dumping, Nuclear Test Ban, Ship Pollution, Wetlands; signed, but not ratified - Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Environmental Modification, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection" );; line 76985 (wfb::source-text note morocco "strategic location along Strait of Gibraltar" );; line 76992 (wfb::source-text population morocco "29,168,848 (July 1995 est.)" );; line 76998 (wfb::source-text age_structure morocco 0-14_years "38% (female 5,486,176; male 5,659,410)" );; line 77003 (wfb::source-text age_structure morocco 15-64_years "58% (female 8,456,525; male 8,327,560)" );; line 77005 (wfb::source-text age_structure morocco 65_years_and_over "4% (female 641,236; male 597,941) (July 1995 est.)" );; line 77007 (wfb::source-text population_growth_rate morocco "2.09% (1995 est.)" );; line 77011 (wfb::source-text birth_rate morocco "27.93 births/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 77015 (wfb::source-text death_rate morocco "5.97 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 77019 (wfb::source-text net_migration_rate morocco "-1.08 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 77023 (wfb::source-text infant_mortality_rate morocco "45.8 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.)" );; line 77027 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth morocco total_population "68.98 years" );; line 77032 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth morocco male "67.03 years" );; line 77034 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth morocco female "71.02 years (1995 est.)" );; line 77036 (wfb::source-text total_fertility_rate morocco "3.69 children born/woman (1995 est.)" );; line 77040 (wfb::source-text nationality morocco noun "Moroccan(s)" );; line 77045 (wfb::source-text nationality morocco adjective "Moroccan" );; line 77047 (wfb::source-text ethnic-entity morocco "Arab-Berber 99.1%, other 0.7%, Jewish 0.2%" );; line 77051 (wfb::source-text religion morocco "Muslim 98.7%, Christian 1.1%, Jewish 0.2%" );; line 77055 (wfb::source-text language morocco "Arabic (official), Berber dialects, French often the language of business, government, and diplomacy" );; line 77059 (wfb::source-text literacy morocco "age 15 and over can read and write (1990)" );; line 77064 (wfb::source-text literacy morocco total_population "50%" );; line 77066 (wfb::source-text literacy morocco male "61%" );; line 77068 (wfb::source-text literacy morocco female "38%" );; line 77070 (wfb::source-text total_labor_force morocco "7.4 million" );; line 77074 (wfb::source-text labor_force_by_occupation morocco by_occupation "agriculture 50%, services 26%, industry 15%, other 9% (1985)" );; line 77076 (wfb::source-text names morocco conventional_long_form "Kingdom of Morocco" );; line 77082 (wfb::source-text names morocco conventional_short_form "Morocco" );; line 77084 (wfb::source-text names morocco local_long_form "Al Mamlakah al Maghribiyah" );; line 77086 (wfb::source-text names morocco local_short_form "Al Maghrib" );; line 77088 (wfb::source-text digraph morocco "MO" );; line 77092 (wfb::source-text type morocco "constitutional monarchy" );; line 77096 (wfb::source-text capital morocco "Rabat" );; line 77100 (wfb::source-text administrative_divisions morocco "36 provinces and 5 wilayas*; Agadir, Al Hoceima, Assa-Zag, Azilal, Beni Mellal, Ben Slimane, Boulemane, Casablanca*, Chaouen, El Jadida, El Kelaa des Sraghna, Er Rachidia, Essaouira, Es Smara, Fes*, Figuig, Guelmim, Ifrane, Kenitra, Khemisset, Khenifra, Khouribga, Laayoune, Larache, Marrakech*, Meknes*, Nador, Ouarzazate, Oujda, Rabat-Sale*, Safi, Settat, Sidi Kacem, Tanger, Tan-Tan, Taounate, Taroudannt, Tata, Taza, Tetouan, Tiznit" );; line 77104 (wfb::source-text independence morocco "2 March 1956 (from France)" );; line 77113 (wfb::source-text national_holiday morocco "National Day, 3 March (1961) (anniversary of King Hassan II's accession to the throne)" );; line 77117 (wfb::source-text constitution morocco "10 March 1972, revised 4 September 1992" );; line 77122 (wfb::source-text legal_system morocco "based on Islamic law and French and Spanish civil law system; judicial review of legislative acts in Constitutional Chamber of Supreme Court" );; line 77126 (wfb::source-text suffrage morocco "21 years of age; universal" );; line 77131 (wfb::source-text executive_branch morocco chief_of_state "King HASSAN II (since 3 March 1961)" );; line 77136 (wfb::source-text executive_branch morocco head_of_government "Prime Minister Abdellatif FILALI (since 29 May 1994)" );; line 77138 (wfb::source-text executive_branch morocco cabinet "Council of Ministers; appointed by the King" );; line 77140 (wfb::source-text legislative_structure morocco "unicameral" );; line 77144 (wfb::source-text legislative_branch morocco |Chamber of Representatives (Majlis Nawab)| "two-thirds elected by direct, universal suffrage and one-third by an electoral college of government, professional, and labor representatives; direct, popular elections last held 15 June 1993 (next to be held NA 1999); results - percent of vote by party NA; seats (333 total, 222 directly elected) USFP 48, IP 43, MP 33, RNI 28, UC 27, PND 14, MNP 14, PPS 6, PDI 3, SAP 2, PA 2, OADP 2; indirect, special interest elections last held 17 September 1993 (next to be held NA 1999); results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (333 total, 111 indirectly elected) UC 27, MP 18, RNI 13, MNP 11, PND 10, IP 7, Party of Shura and Istiqlal 6, USFP 4, PPS 4, CDT 4, UTM 3, UGTM 2, SAP 2" );; line 77146 (wfb::source-text judicial_branch morocco "Supreme Court" );; line 77159 (wfb::source-text political_parties_and_leaders morocco opposition "Socialist Union of Popular Forces (USFP), Mohammad al-YAZGHI; Istiqlal Party (IP), M'Hamed BOUCETTA; Party of Progress and Socialism (PPS), Ali YATA; Organization of Democratic and Popular Action (OADP), leader NA" );; line 77164 (wfb::source-text political_parties_and_leaders morocco pro-government "Constitutional Union (UC), Maati BOUABID; Popular Movement (MP), Mohamed LAENSER; National Democratic Party (PND), Mohamed Arsalane EL-JADIDI; National Popular Movement (MNP), Mahjoubi AHARDANE" );; line 77168 (wfb::source-text political_parties_and_leaders morocco independents "National Rally of Independents (RNI), Ahmed OSMAN; Democracy and Istiqlal Party (PDI), leader NA; Action Party (PA), Abdullah SENHAJI; Non-Obedience Candidates (SAP), leader NA" );; line 77172 (wfb::source-text political_parties_and_leaders morocco |labor unions and community organizations (indirect elections) only)| "Democratic Confederation of Labor (CDT), Nabir AMAOUI; General Union of Moroccan Workers (UGTM), Abderrazzak AFILAL; Moroccan Union of Workers (UTM), leader NA; Party of Shura and Istiqlal, leader NA" );; line 77177 (wfb::source-text member_of morocco "ABEDA, ACCT (associate), AfDB, AFESD, AL, AMF, AMU, CCC, EBRD, ECA, FAO, G-77, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, IOM (observer), ISO, ITU, NAM, OAS (observer), OIC, UN, UNAVEM II, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO" );; line 77183 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us morocco chief_of_mission "Ambassador Mohamed BENAISSA" );; line 77192 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us morocco chancery "1601 21st Street NW, Washington, DC 20009" );; line 77194 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us morocco telephone "[1] (202) 462-7979 through 7982" );; line 77196 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us morocco fax "[1] (202) 265-0161" );; line 77198 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us morocco |consulate(s) general| "New York" );; line 77200 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation morocco chief_of_mission "Ambassador Marc C. GINSBERG" );; line 77205 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation morocco embassy "2 Avenue de Marrakech, Rabat" );; line 77207 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation morocco mailing_address "PSC 74, Box 003, APO AE 09718" );; line 77209 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation morocco telephone "[212] (7) 76 22 65" );; line 77211 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation morocco fax "[212] (7) 76 56 61" );; line 77213 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation morocco |consulate(s) general| "Casablanca" );; line 77215 (wfb::source-text flag morocco "red with a green pentacle (five-pointed, linear star) known as Solomon's seal in the center of the flag; green is the traditional color of Islam" );; line 77219 (wfb::source-text overview morocco "Morocco faces the typical problems of developing countries - restraining government spending, reducing constraints on private activity and foreign trade, and keeping inflation within bounds. Since the early 1980s the government has pursued an economic program toward these objectives with the support of the IMF, the World Bank, and the Paris Club of creditors. The economy has substantial assets to draw on: the world's largest phosphate reserves, diverse agricultural and fishing resources, a sizable tourist industry, a growing manufacturing sector, and remittances from Moroccans working abroad. A severe drought in 1992-93 depressed economic activity and held down exports. Real GDP contracted by 4.4% in 1992 and 1.1% in 1993. Despite these setbacks, initiatives to relax capital controls, strengthen the banking sector, and privatize state enterprises went forward in 1993-94. Favorable rainfall in 1994 boosted agricultural production by 40%. Servicing the large debt, high unemployment, and vulnerability to external economic forces remain long-term problems for Morocco." );; line 77226 (wfb::source-text national_product morocco "GDP - purchasing power parity - $87.5 billion (1994 est.)" );; line 77244 (wfb::source-text national_product_real_growth_rate morocco "8% (1994 est.)" );; line 77248 (wfb::source-text national_product_per_capita morocco "$3,060 (1994 est.)" );; line 77252 (wfb::source-text |Inflation rate (consumer prices)| morocco "5.4% (1994)" );; line 77256 (wfb::source-text unemployment_rate morocco "16% (1994 est.)" );; line 77260 (wfb::source-text budget morocco revenues "$8.1 billion" );; line 77265 (wfb::source-text budget morocco expenditures "$8.9 billion (1994 est.)" );; line 77267 (wfb::source-text exports morocco "$4.1 billion (f.o.b., 1994 est.)" );; line 77271 (wfb::source-text exports morocco commodities "food and beverages 30%, semiprocessed goods 23%, consumer goods 21%, phosphates 17%" );; line 77273 (wfb::source-text exports morocco partners "EU 70%, Japan 5%, US 4%, Libya 3%, India 2% (1993)" );; line 77276 (wfb::source-text imports morocco "$7.5 billion (c.i.f., 1994 est.)" );; line 77280 (wfb::source-text imports morocco commodities "capital goods 24%, semiprocessed goods 22%, raw materials 16%, fuel and lubricants 16%, food and beverages 13%, consumer goods 9%" );; line 77282 (wfb::source-text imports morocco partners "EC 59%, US 8%, Saudi Arabia 5%, UAE 3%, Russia 2% (1993)" );; line 77285 (wfb::source-text external_debt morocco "$20.5 billion (1994 est.)" );; line 77289 (wfb::source-text industrial_production morocco "growth rate 0.1% accounts for 28% of GDP" );; line 77293 (wfb::source-text electricity morocco capacity "2,620,000 kW" );; line 77298 (wfb::source-text electricity morocco production "9.9 billion kWh" );; line 77300 (wfb::source-text electricity morocco consumption_per_capita "361 kWh (1993)" );; line 77302 (wfb::source-text industry morocco "phosphate rock mining and processing, food processing, leather goods, textiles, construction, tourism" );; line 77306 (wfb::source-text agriculture morocco "accounts for 15% of GDP, 50% of employment, and 30% of export value; not self-sufficient in food; cereal farming and livestock raising predominate; barley, wheat, citrus fruit, wine, vegetables, olives" );; line 77311 (wfb::source-text illicit_drugs morocco "illicit producer of hashish; trafficking on the increase for both domestic and international drug markets; shipments of hashish mostly directed to Western Europe; transit point for cocaine from South America destined for Western Europe" );; line 77317 (wfb::source-text economic_aid morocco recipient "US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-89), $1.3 billion; US commitments, including Ex-Im (1992), $123.6 million; Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-89), $7.5 billion; OPEC bilateral aid (1979-89), $4.8 billion; Communist countries (1970-89), $2.5 billion" );; line 77325 (wfb::source-text currency morocco "1 Moroccan dirham (DH) = 100 centimes" );; line 77335 (wfb::source-text exchange_rates morocco "Moroccan dirhams (DH) per US$1 - 2.892 (January 1995), 9.203 (1994), 9.299 (1993), 8.538 (1992), 8.707 (1991), 8.242 (1990)" );; line 77339 (wfb::source-text fiscal_year morocco "calendar year" );; line 77344 (wfb::source-text railroads morocco total "1,893 km" );; line 77350 (wfb::source-text railroads morocco standard_gauge "1,893 km 1.435-m gauge (974 km electrified; 246 km double track)" );; line 77352 (wfb::source-text highways morocco total "59,474 km" );; line 77357 (wfb::source-text highways morocco paved "29,440 km" );; line 77359 (wfb::source-text highways morocco unpaved "gravel, crushed stone, improved earth, unimproved earth 30,034 km" );; line 77361 (wfb::source-text pipelines morocco "crude oil 362 km; petroleum products (abandoned) 491 km; natural gas 241 km" );; line 77366 (wfb::source-text port morocco "Agadir, Al Jadida, Casablanca, El Jorf Lasfar, Kenitra, Mohammedia, Nador, Rabat, Safi, Tangier; also Spanish-controlled Ceuta and Melilla" );; line 77371 (wfb::source-text merchant_marine morocco total "38 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 183,951 GRT/273,057 DWT" );; line 77377 (wfb::source-text merchant_marine morocco ships_by_type "cargo 6, chemical tanker 9, container 2, oil tanker 4, refrigerated cargo 10, roll-on/roll-off cargo 6, short-sea passenger 1" );; line 77379 (wfb::source-text airports morocco total "74" );; line 77385 (wfb::source-text airports morocco |with paved runways over 3,047 m| "11" );; line 77387 (wfb::source-text airports morocco |with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m| "4" );; line 77389 (wfb::source-text airports morocco |with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m| "8" );; line 77391 (wfb::source-text airports morocco |with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m| "3" );; line 77393 (wfb::source-text airports morocco with_paved_runways_under_914_m "13" );; line 77395 (wfb::source-text airports morocco |with unpaved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m| "1" );; line 77397 (wfb::source-text airports morocco |with unpaved runways 1,524 to 2,438 m| "10" );; line 77399 (wfb::source-text airports morocco |with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m| "24" );; line 77401 (wfb::source-text telephone_system morocco "280,000 telephones; 10.5 telephones/1,000 persons" );; line 77406 (wfb::source-text telephone_system morocco local "NA" );; line 77408 (wfb::source-text telephone_system morocco intercity "good system composed of wire lines, cables, and microwave radio relay links; principal centers are Casablanca and Rabat; secondary centers are Fes, Marrakech, Oujda, Tangier, and Tetouan" );; line 77410 (wfb::source-text telephone_system morocco international "5 submarine cables; 2 INTELSAT (Atlantic Ocean) and 1 ARABSAT earth station; microwave radio relay to Gibraltar, Spain, and Western Sahara; coaxial cable and microwave radio relay to Algeria; microwave radio relay network linking Syria, Jordan, Egypt, Libya, Tunisia, Algeria, and Morocco" );; line 77414 (wfb::source-text radio morocco broadcast_stations "AM 20, FM 7, shortwave 0" );; line 77423 (wfb::source-text radio morocco radios "NA" );; line 77425 (wfb::source-text television morocco broadcast_stations "26 (repeaters 26)" );; line 77430 (wfb::source-text television morocco televisions "NA" );; line 77432 (wfb::source-text defense_branch morocco "Royal Moroccan Army, Royal Moroccan Navy, Royal Moroccan Air Force, Royal Gendarmerie, Auxiliary Forces" );; line 77438 (wfb::source-text manpower_availability morocco "males age 15-49 7,307,076; males fit for military service 4,637,453; males reach military age (18) annually 323,921 (1995 est.)" );; line 77443 (wfb::source-text defense_expenditures morocco "exchange rate conversion - $1.3 billion, 3.8% of GDP (1994)" );; line 77448 (wfb::source-text location mozambique "Southern Africa, bordering the Mozambique Channel, between South Africa and Tanzania" );; line 77458 (wfb::source-text map_references mozambique "Africa" );; line 77463 (wfb::source-text area mozambique total_area "801,590 sq km" );; line 77468 (wfb::source-text area mozambique land_area "784,090 sq km" );; line 77470 (wfb::source-text area mozambique comparative_area "slightly less than twice the size of California" );; line 77472 (wfb::source-text borders mozambique "total 4,571 km, Malawi 1,569 km, South Africa 491 km, Swaziland 105 km, Tanzania 756 km, Zambia 419 km, Zimbabwe 1,231 km" );; line 77476 (wfb::source-text coastline mozambique "2,470 km" );; line 77481 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims mozambique exclusive_economic_zone "200 nm" );; line 77486 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims mozambique territorial_sea "12 nm" );; line 77488 (wfb::source-text international_disputes mozambique "none" );; line 77492 (wfb::source-text climate mozambique "tropical to subtropical" );; line 77496 (wfb::source-text terrain mozambique "mostly coastal lowlands, uplands in center, high plateaus in northwest, mountains in west" );; line 77500 (wfb::source-text natural-resource mozambique "coal, titanium" );; line 77505 (wfb::source-text land_use mozambique arable_land "4%" );; line 77510 (wfb::source-text land_use mozambique permanent_crops "0%" );; line 77512 (wfb::source-text land_use mozambique meadows_and_pastures "56%" );; line 77514 (wfb::source-text land_use mozambique forest_and_woodland "20%" );; line 77516 (wfb::source-text land_use mozambique other "20%" );; line 77518 (wfb::source-text irrigated_land mozambique "1,150 sq km (1989 est.)" );; line 77522 (wfb::source-text environment mozambique current_issues "civil strife and recurrent drought in the hinterlands have resulted in increased migration to urban and coastal areas with adverse environmental consequences; desertification; pollution of surface and coastal waters" );; line 77527 (wfb::source-text environment mozambique natural_hazards "severe droughts and floods occur in central and southern provinces; devastating cyclones" );; line 77531 (wfb::source-text environment mozambique international_agreements "party to - Endangered Species, Ozone Layer Protection; signed, but not ratified - Biodiversity, Climate Change, Law of the Sea" );; line 77534 (wfb::source-text population mozambique "18,115,250 (July 1995 est.)" );; line 77541 (wfb::source-text age_structure mozambique 0-14_years "45% (female 4,069,117; male 4,078,429)" );; line 77546 (wfb::source-text age_structure mozambique 15-64_years "53% (female 4,882,292; male 4,630,193)" );; line 77548 (wfb::source-text age_structure mozambique 65_years_and_over "2% (female 260,057; male 195,162) (July 1995 est.)" );; line 77550 (wfb::source-text population_growth_rate mozambique "2.87% (1995 est.)" );; line 77554 (wfb::source-text birth_rate mozambique "44.6 births/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 77558 (wfb::source-text death_rate mozambique "15.94 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 77562 (wfb::source-text net_migration_rate mozambique "NA migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 77566 (wfb::source-text infant_mortality_rate mozambique "126 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.)" );; line 77575 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth mozambique total_population "48.95 years" );; line 77580 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth mozambique male "47.04 years" );; line 77582 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth mozambique female "50.92 years (1995 est.)" );; line 77584 (wfb::source-text total_fertility_rate mozambique "6.19 children born/woman (1995 est.)" );; line 77588 (wfb::source-text nationality mozambique noun "Mozambican(s)" );; line 77593 (wfb::source-text nationality mozambique adjective "Mozambican" );; line 77595 (wfb::source-text ethnic-entity mozambique "indigenous tribal groups, Europeans about 10,000, Euro-Africans 35,000, Indians 15,000" );; line 77599 (wfb::source-text religion mozambique "indigenous beliefs 60%, Christian 30%, Muslim 10%" );; line 77604 (wfb::source-text language mozambique "Portuguese (official), indigenous dialects" );; line 77608 (wfb::source-text literacy mozambique "age 15 and over can read and write (1990)" );; line 77612 (wfb::source-text literacy mozambique total_population "33%" );; line 77614 (wfb::source-text literacy mozambique male "45%" );; line 77616 (wfb::source-text literacy mozambique female "21%" );; line 77618 (wfb::source-text total_labor_force mozambique "NA" );; line 77622 (wfb::source-text labor_force_by_occupation mozambique by_occupation "90% engaged in agriculture" );; line 77624 (wfb::source-text names mozambique conventional_long_form "Republic of Mozambique" );; line 77630 (wfb::source-text names mozambique conventional_short_form "Mozambique" );; line 77632 (wfb::source-text names mozambique local_long_form "Republica Popular de Mocambique" );; line 77634 (wfb::source-text names mozambique local_short_form "Mocambique" );; line 77636 (wfb::source-text digraph mozambique "MZ" );; line 77640 (wfb::source-text type mozambique "republic" );; line 77644 (wfb::source-text capital mozambique "Maputo" );; line 77648 (wfb::source-text administrative_divisions mozambique "10 provinces (provincias, singular - provincia); Cabo Delgado, Gaza, Inhambane, Manica, Maputo, Nampula, Niassa, Sofala, Tete, Zambezia" );; line 77652 (wfb::source-text independence mozambique "25 June 1975 (from Portugal)" );; line 77657 (wfb::source-text national_holiday mozambique "Independence Day, 25 June (1975)" );; line 77661 (wfb::source-text constitution mozambique "30 November 1990" );; line 77665 (wfb::source-text legal_system mozambique "based on Portuguese civil law system and customary law" );; line 77669 (wfb::source-text suffrage mozambique "18 years of age; universal" );; line 77673 (wfb::source-text executive_branch mozambique chief_of_state "President Joaquim Alberto CHISSANO (since 6 November 1986)" );; line 77678 (wfb::source-text executive_branch mozambique head_of_government "Prime Minister Pascoal MOCUMBI (since December 1994)" );; line 77680 (wfb::source-text executive_branch mozambique cabinet "Cabinet" );; line 77682 (wfb::source-text legislative_structure mozambique "unicameral" );; line 77686 (wfb::source-text legislative_branch mozambique |Assembly of the Republic (Assembleia da Republica)| "draft electoral law provides for periodic, direct presidential and Assembly elections" );; line 77688 (wfb::source-text judicial_branch mozambique "Supreme Court" );; line 77699 (wfb::source-text political_parties_and_leaders mozambique "Front for the Liberation of Mozambique (FRELIMO), Joaquim Alberto CHISSANO, chairman; the ruling party since independence, FRELIMO was the only legal party before 30 November 1990 when the new Constitution went into effect establishing a multiparty system" );; line 77703 (wfb::source-text member_of mozambique "ACP, AfDB, CCC, ECA, FAO, FLS, G-77, GATT, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, INMARSAT, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, IOM (observer), ITU, NAM, OAU, OIC, SADC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WMO" );; line 77710 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us mozambique chief_of_mission "Ambassador Hipolito Pereira Zozimo PATRICIO" );; line 77718 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us mozambique chancery "Suite 570, 1990 M Street NW, Washington, DC 20036" );; line 77720 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us mozambique telephone "[1] (202) 293-7146" );; line 77722 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us mozambique fax "[1] (202) 835-0245" );; line 77724 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation mozambique chief_of_mission "Ambassador Dennis Coleman JETT" );; line 77729 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation mozambique embassy "Avenida Kenneth Kuanda, 193 Maputo" );; line 77731 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation mozambique mailing_address "P. O. Box 783, Maputo" );; line 77733 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation mozambique telephone "[258] (1) 492797" );; line 77735 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation mozambique fax "[258] (1) 490114" );; line 77737 (wfb::source-text flag mozambique "three equal horizontal bands of green (top), black, and yellow with a red isosceles triangle based on the hoist side; the black band is edged in white; centered in the triangle is a yellow five-pointed star bearing a crossed rifle and hoe in black superimposed on an open white book" );; line 77741 (wfb::source-text overview mozambique "One of Africa's poorest countries, Mozambique has failed to exploit the economic potential of its sizable agricultural, hydropower, and transportation resources. Indeed, national output, consumption, and investment declined throughout the first half of the 1980s because of internal disorders, lack of government administrative control, and a growing foreign debt. A sharp increase in foreign aid, attracted by an economic reform policy, resulted in successive years of economic growth in the late 1980s, but aid has declined steadily since 1989. Agricultural output is at only 75% of its 1981 level, and grain has to be imported. Industry operates at only 20%-40% of capacity. The economy depends heavily on foreign assistance to keep afloat. Peace accords signed in October 1992 improved chances of foreign investment, aided IMF-supported economic reforms, and supported continued economic recovery. Elections held in 1994 diverted government attention from the economy, resulting in slippage and delays in the economic reform program. Nonetheless, growth in 1994 was solid and can continue into the late 1990s given continued foreign help in meeting debt obligations." );; line 77749 (wfb::source-text national_product mozambique "GDP - purchasing power parity - $10.6 billion (1994 est.)" );; line 77768 (wfb::source-text national_product_real_growth_rate mozambique "5.8% (1994 est.)" );; line 77772 (wfb::source-text national_product_per_capita mozambique "$610 (1994 est.)" );; line 77776 (wfb::source-text |Inflation rate (consumer prices)| mozambique "50% (1994 est.)" );; line 77780 (wfb::source-text unemployment_rate mozambique "50% (1989 est.)" );; line 77784 (wfb::source-text budget mozambique revenues "$252 million" );; line 77789 (wfb::source-text budget mozambique expenditures "$607 million, including capital expenditures of $NA (1992 est.)" );; line 77791 (wfb::source-text exports mozambique "$150 million (f.o.b., 1994 est.)" );; line 77795 (wfb::source-text exports mozambique commodities "shrimp 40%, cashews, cotton, sugar, copra, citrus" );; line 77797 (wfb::source-text exports mozambique partners "Spain, South Africa, US, Portugal, Japan" );; line 77799 (wfb::source-text imports mozambique "$1.14 billion (c.i.f., 1994 est.)" );; line 77803 (wfb::source-text imports mozambique commodities "food, clothing, farm equipment, petroleum" );; line 77805 (wfb::source-text imports mozambique partners "South Africa, UK, France, Japan, Portugal" );; line 77807 (wfb::source-text external_debt mozambique "$5 billion (1992 est.)" );; line 77811 (wfb::source-text industrial_production mozambique "growth rate 5% (1989 est.)" );; line 77815 (wfb::source-text electricity mozambique capacity "2,360,000 kW" );; line 77820 (wfb::source-text electricity mozambique production "1.7 billion kWh" );; line 77822 (wfb::source-text electricity mozambique consumption_per_capita "58 kWh (1993)" );; line 77824 (wfb::source-text industry mozambique "food, beverages, chemicals (fertilizer, soap, paints), petroleum products, textiles, nonmetallic mineral products (cement, glass, asbestos), tobacco" );; line 77828 (wfb::source-text agriculture mozambique "accounts for 50% of GDP and about 90% of exports; cash crops - cotton, cashew nuts, sugarcane, tea, shrimp; other crops - cassava, corn, rice, tropical fruits; not self-sufficient in food" );; line 77834 (wfb::source-text economic_aid mozambique recipient "US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-89), $350 million; Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-89), $4.4 billion; OPEC bilateral aid (1979-89), $37 million; Communist countries (1970-89), $890 million" );; line 77841 (wfb::source-text currency mozambique "1 metical (Mt) = 100 centavos" );; line 77848 (wfb::source-text exchange_rates mozambique "meticais (Mt) per US$1 - 5,220.63 (1st quarter 1994), 3,874.24 (1993), 2,550.40 (1992), 1,763.99 (1991), 1,053.09 (1990)" );; line 77852 (wfb::source-text fiscal_year mozambique "calendar year" );; line 77857 (wfb::source-text railroads mozambique total "3,288 km" );; line 77863 (wfb::source-text railroads mozambique narrow_gauge "3,140 km 1.067-m gauge; 148 km 0.762-m gauge" );; line 77865 (wfb::source-text highways mozambique total "26,498 km" );; line 77870 (wfb::source-text highways mozambique paved "4,593 km" );; line 77872 (wfb::source-text highways mozambique unpaved "gravel, crushed stone, stabilized earth 829 km; unimproved earth 21,076 km" );; line 77874 (wfb::source-text inland_waterways mozambique "about 3,750 km of navigable routes" );; line 77879 (wfb::source-text pipelines mozambique "crude oil (not operating) 306 km; petroleum products 289 km" );; line 77883 (wfb::source-text port mozambique "Beira, Inhambane, Maputo, Nacala, Pemba" );; line 77887 (wfb::source-text merchant_marine mozambique total "3 cargo ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 4,533 GRT/8,024 DWT" );; line 77892 (wfb::source-text airports mozambique total "192" );; line 77897 (wfb::source-text airports mozambique |with paved runways over 3,047 m| "1" );; line 77899 (wfb::source-text airports mozambique |with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m| "4" );; line 77901 (wfb::source-text airports mozambique |with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m| "11" );; line 77903 (wfb::source-text airports mozambique |with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m| "5" );; line 77905 (wfb::source-text airports mozambique with_paved_runways_under_914_m "112" );; line 77907 (wfb::source-text airports mozambique |with unpaved runways 1,524 to 2,438 m| "15" );; line 77909 (wfb::source-text airports mozambique |with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m| "44" );; line 77911 (wfb::source-text telephone_system mozambique "NA telephone density; fair system of troposcatter, open-wire lines, and radio relay" );; line 77922 (wfb::source-text telephone_system mozambique local "NA" );; line 77925 (wfb::source-text telephone_system mozambique intercity "microwave radio relay and tropospheric scatter" );; line 77927 (wfb::source-text telephone_system mozambique international "5 INTELSAT (2 Atlantic Ocean and 3 Indian Ocean) earth stations" );; line 77929 (wfb::source-text radio mozambique broadcast_stations "AM 29, FM 4, shortwave 0" );; line 77934 (wfb::source-text radio mozambique radios "NA" );; line 77936 (wfb::source-text television mozambique broadcast_stations "1" );; line 77941 (wfb::source-text television mozambique televisions "NA" );; line 77943 (wfb::source-text defense_branch mozambique "Army, Naval Command, Air and Air Defense Forces, Militia; note - by late 1994, the army and former RENAMO rebels had demobilized; under UN supervision and training, recruits from both the army and rebel forces joined an integrated force that is still forming" );; line 77949 (wfb::source-text manpower_availability mozambique "males age 15-49 4,061,109; males fit for military service 2,331,793 (1995 est.)" );; line 77956 (wfb::source-text defense_expenditures mozambique "exchange rate conversion - $110 million, 7.3% of GDP (1993)" );; line 77961 (wfb::source-text location namibia "Southern Africa, bordering the South Atlantic Ocean, between Angola and South Africa" );; line 77972 (wfb::source-text map_references namibia "Africa" );; line 77977 (wfb::source-text area namibia total_area "825,418 sq km" );; line 77982 (wfb::source-text area namibia land_area "825,418 sq km" );; line 77984 (wfb::source-text area namibia comparative_area "slightly more than half the size of Alaska" );; line 77986 (wfb::source-text borders namibia "total 3,824 km, Angola 1,376 km, Botswana 1,360 km, South Africa 855 km, Zambia 233 km" );; line 77990 (wfb::source-text coastline namibia "1,572 km" );; line 77995 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims namibia contiguous_zone "24 nm" );; line 78000 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims namibia exclusive_economic_zone "200 nm" );; line 78002 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims namibia territorial_sea "12 nm" );; line 78004 (wfb::source-text international_disputes namibia "short section of boundary with Botswana is indefinite; quadripoint with Botswana, Zambia, and Zimbabwe is in disagreement; dispute with Botswana over uninhabited Kasikili ( Sidudu) Island in Linyanti (Chobe) River remained unresolved in mid-February 1995 and the parties agreed to refer the matter to the International Court of Justice;" );; line 78008 (wfb::source-text climate namibia "desert; hot, dry; rainfall sparse and erratic" );; line 78016 (wfb::source-text terrain namibia "mostly high plateau; Namib Desert along coast; Kalahari Desert in east" );; line 78020 (wfb::source-text natural-resource namibia "diamonds, copper, uranium, gold, lead, tin, lithium, cadmium, zinc, salt, vanadium, natural gas, fish; suspected deposits of oil, natural gas, coal, iron ore" );; line 78025 (wfb::source-text land_use namibia arable_land "1%" );; line 78032 (wfb::source-text land_use namibia permanent_crops "0%" );; line 78034 (wfb::source-text land_use namibia meadows_and_pastures "64%" );; line 78036 (wfb::source-text land_use namibia forest_and_woodland "22%" );; line 78038 (wfb::source-text land_use namibia other "13%" );; line 78040 (wfb::source-text irrigated_land namibia "40 sq km (1989 est.)" );; line 78044 (wfb::source-text environment namibia current_issues "very limited natural fresh water resources; desertification" );; line 78049 (wfb::source-text environment namibia natural_hazards "prolonged periods of drought" );; line 78051 (wfb::source-text environment namibia international_agreements "party to - Endangered Species, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection; signed, but not ratified - Biodiversity, Climate Change" );; line 78053 (wfb::source-text population namibia "1,651,545 (July 1995 est.)" );; line 78060 (wfb::source-text age_structure namibia 0-14_years "47% (female 384,885; male 394,216)" );; line 78065 (wfb::source-text age_structure namibia 15-64_years "50% (female 414,283; male 405,938)" );; line 78067 (wfb::source-text age_structure namibia 65_years_and_over "3% (female 26,783; male 25,440) (July 1995 est.)" );; line 78069 (wfb::source-text population_growth_rate namibia "3.44% (1995 est.)" );; line 78073 (wfb::source-text birth_rate namibia "43.04 births/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 78077 (wfb::source-text death_rate namibia "8.61 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 78081 (wfb::source-text net_migration_rate namibia "0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 78085 (wfb::source-text infant_mortality_rate namibia "59.8 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.)" );; line 78089 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth namibia total_population "62.1 years" );; line 78094 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth namibia male "59.37 years" );; line 78096 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth namibia female "64.9 years (1995 est.)" );; line 78098 (wfb::source-text total_fertility_rate namibia "6.34 children born/woman (1995 est.)" );; line 78102 (wfb::source-text nationality namibia noun "Namibian(s)" );; line 78107 (wfb::source-text nationality namibia adjective "Namibian" );; line 78109 (wfb::source-text ethnic-entity namibia "black 86%, white 6.6%, mixed 7.4%" );; line 78113 (wfb::source-text religion namibia "80%-90% Christian (50% Lutheran; at least 30% other Christian denominations)" );; line 78122 (wfb::source-text language namibia "English 7% (official), Afrikaans common language of most of the population and about 60% of the white population, German 32%, indigenous languages: Oshivambo, Herero, Nama" );; line 78127 (wfb::source-text literacy namibia "age 15 and over can read and write (1960)" );; line 78133 (wfb::source-text literacy namibia total_population "38%" );; line 78135 (wfb::source-text literacy namibia male "45%" );; line 78137 (wfb::source-text literacy namibia female "31%" );; line 78139 (wfb::source-text total_labor_force namibia "500,000" );; line 78143 (wfb::source-text labor_force_by_occupation namibia by_occupation "agriculture 60%, industry and commerce 19%, services 8%, government 7%, mining 6% (1981 est.)" );; line 78145 (wfb::source-text names namibia conventional_long_form "Republic of Namibia" );; line 78152 (wfb::source-text names namibia conventional_short_form "Namibia" );; line 78154 (wfb::source-text digraph namibia "WA" );; line 78158 (wfb::source-text type namibia "republic" );; line 78162 (wfb::source-text capital namibia "Windhoek" );; line 78166 (wfb::source-text administrative_divisions namibia "13 districts; Erongo, Hardap, Karas, Khomas, Kunene, Caprivi (Liambezi), Ohangwena, Okavango, Omaheke, Omusati, Oshana, Oshikoto, Otjozondjupa" );; line 78170 (wfb::source-text independence namibia "21 March 1990 (from South African mandate)" );; line 78176 (wfb::source-text national_holiday namibia "Independence Day, 21 March (1990)" );; line 78180 (wfb::source-text constitution namibia "ratified 9 February 1990; effective 12 March 1990" );; line 78184 (wfb::source-text legal_system namibia "based on Roman-Dutch law and 1990 constitution" );; line 78188 (wfb::source-text suffrage namibia "18 years of age; universal" );; line 78192 (wfb::source-text executive_branch namibia chief_of_state_and_head_of_government "President Sam NUJOMA (since 21 March 1990); election last held 7-8 December 1994 (next to be held NA); results - Sam NUJOMA elected president by popular vote" );; line 78197 (wfb::source-text executive_branch namibia cabinet "Cabinet; appointed by the president from the National Assembly" );; line 78201 (wfb::source-text legislative_structure namibia "bicameral legislature" );; line 78205 (wfb::source-text legislative_branch namibia national_council "elections last held 30 November-3 December 1992 (next to be held by December 1998); results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (26 total) SWAPO 19, DTA 6, UDF 1" );; line 78207 (wfb::source-text legislative_branch namibia national_assembly "elections last held 7-8 December 1994 (next to be held NA); results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (72 total) SWAPO 53, DTA 15, UDF 2, MAG 1, DCN 1" );; line 78211 (wfb::source-text judicial_branch namibia "Supreme Court" );; line 78217 (wfb::source-text political_parties_and_leaders namibia "South West Africa People's Organization (SWAPO), Sam NUJOMA; DTA of Namibia (formerly Democratic Turnhalle Alliance) (DTA), Mishake MUYONGO; United Democratic Front (UDF), Justus GAROEB; Federal Convention of Namibia (FCN), Kephics CONRUDIE; Monitor Action Group (MAG), Kosie PRETORIUS; Workers Revolutionary Party (WRP); Southwest African National Union (SWANU), Hitjevi VEII; Democratic Coalition of Namibia (DCN), Moses KATJIUONGA" );; line 78221 (wfb::source-text other_political_or_pressure_groups namibia "NA" );; line 78230 (wfb::source-text member_of namibia "ACP, AfDB, C, CCC, ECA, FAO, FLS, G-77, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS (associate), ILO, IMF, INTELSAT (nonsignatory user), INTERPOL, IOC, IOM (observer), ITU, NAM, OAU, SACU, SADC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UPU, WCL, WHO, WIPO, WMO" );; line 78234 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us namibia chief_of_mission "Ambassador Tuliameni KALOMOH" );; line 78242 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us namibia chancery "1605 New Hampshire Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20009" );; line 78244 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us namibia telephone "[1] (202) 986-0540" );; line 78246 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us namibia fax "[1] (202) 986-0443" );; line 78248 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation namibia chief_of_mission "Ambassador Marshall F. McCALLIE" );; line 78253 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation namibia embassy "Ausplan Building, 14 Lossen St., Windhoek" );; line 78255 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation namibia mailing_address "Private Bag 12029 Ausspannplatz, Windhoek" );; line 78257 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation namibia telephone "[264] (61) 221601" );; line 78259 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation namibia fax "[264] (61) 229792" );; line 78261 (wfb::source-text flag namibia "a large blue triangle with a yellow sunburst fills the upper left section, and an equal green triangle (solid) fills the lower right section; the triangles are separated by a red stripe that is contrasted by two narrow white-edge borders" );; line 78265 (wfb::source-text overview namibia "The economy is heavily dependent on the mining industry to extract and process minerals for export. Mining accounts for almost 25% of GDP. Namibia is the fourth-largest exporter of nonfuel minerals in Africa and the world's fifth-largest producer of uranium. Alluvial diamond deposits are among the richest in the world, making Namibia a primary source for gem-quality diamonds. Namibia also produces large quantities of lead, zinc, tin, silver, and tungsten. More than half the population depends on agriculture (largely subsistence agriculture) for its livelihood. Namibia must import some of its food." );; line 78273 (wfb::source-text national_product namibia "GDP - purchasing power parity - $5.8 billion (1994 est.)" );; line 78284 (wfb::source-text national_product_real_growth_rate namibia "5.8% (1994 est.)" );; line 78288 (wfb::source-text national_product_per_capita namibia "$3,600 (1994 est.)" );; line 78292 (wfb::source-text |Inflation rate (consumer prices)| namibia "11% (1994)" );; line 78296 (wfb::source-text unemployment_rate namibia "35% in urban areas (1993 est.)" );; line 78300 (wfb::source-text budget namibia revenues "$941 million" );; line 78305 (wfb::source-text budget namibia expenditures "$1.05 billion, including capital expenditures of $157 million (FY93/94)" );; line 78307 (wfb::source-text exports namibia "$1.3 billion (f.o.b., 1993 est.)" );; line 78312 (wfb::source-text exports namibia commodities "diamonds, copper, gold, zinc, lead, uranium, cattle, processed fish, karakul skins" );; line 78314 (wfb::source-text exports namibia partners "Switzerland, South Africa, Germany, Japan" );; line 78317 (wfb::source-text imports namibia "$1.1 billion (f.o.b., 1993 est.)" );; line 78321 (wfb::source-text imports namibia commodities "foodstuffs, petroleum products and fuel, machinery and equipment" );; line 78323 (wfb::source-text imports namibia partners "South Africa, Germany, US, Switzerland" );; line 78325 (wfb::source-text external_debt namibia "about $385 million (1994 est.)" );; line 78329 (wfb::source-text industrial_production namibia "growth rate -14% (1993); accounts for 30% of GDP, including mining" );; line 78333 (wfb::source-text electricity namibia capacity "406,000 kW" );; line 78339 (wfb::source-text electricity namibia production "1.29 billion kWh" );; line 78341 (wfb::source-text electricity namibia consumption_per_capita "658 kWh (1991)" );; line 78343 (wfb::source-text industry namibia "meat packing, fish processing, dairy products, mining (copper, lead, zinc, diamond, uranium)" );; line 78347 (wfb::source-text agriculture namibia "accounts for 10% of GDP; livestock raising major source of cash income; crops - millet, sorghum, peanuts; fish catch potential of over 1 million metric tons not being fulfilled" );; line 78352 (wfb::source-text economic_aid namibia recipient "Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-87), $47.2 million" );; line 78359 (wfb::source-text currency namibia "1 South African rand (R) = 100 cents" );; line 78364 (wfb::source-text exchange_rates namibia "South African rand (R) per US$1 - 3.539 (January 1995), 3.5489 (1994), 3.2678 (1993), 2.8497 (1992), 2.7653 (1991), 2.5863 (1990)" );; line 78368 (wfb::source-text fiscal_year namibia "1 April - 31 March" );; line 78373 (wfb::source-text railroads namibia total "2,341 km (single track)" );; line 78379 (wfb::source-text railroads namibia narrow_gauge "2,341 km 1.067-m gauge" );; line 78381 (wfb::source-text highways namibia total "54,500 km" );; line 78386 (wfb::source-text highways namibia paved "4,080 km" );; line 78388 (wfb::source-text highways namibia unpaved "gravel 2,540 km; earth 47,880 km (roads and tracks)" );; line 78390 (wfb::source-text port namibia "Luderitz, Walvis Bay" );; line 78394 (wfb::source-text merchant_marine namibia "none" );; line 78398 (wfb::source-text airports namibia total "135" );; line 78403 (wfb::source-text airports namibia |with paved runways over 3,047 m| "2" );; line 78405 (wfb::source-text airports namibia |with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m| "2" );; line 78407 (wfb::source-text airports namibia |with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m| "14" );; line 78409 (wfb::source-text airports namibia |with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m| "3" );; line 78411 (wfb::source-text airports namibia with_paved_runways_under_914_m "20" );; line 78413 (wfb::source-text airports namibia |with unpaved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m| "1" );; line 78415 (wfb::source-text airports namibia |with unpaved runways 1,524 to 2,438 m| "23" );; line 78417 (wfb::source-text airports namibia |with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m| "70" );; line 78419 (wfb::source-text telephone_system namibia "62,800 telephones; telephone density - 38/1,000 persons" );; line 78424 (wfb::source-text telephone_system namibia local "good urban services" );; line 78426 (wfb::source-text telephone_system namibia intercity "fair rural service; microwave radio relay links major towns; connections to other populated places are by open wire" );; line 78428 (wfb::source-text telephone_system namibia international "NA" );; line 78431 (wfb::source-text radio namibia broadcast_stations "AM 4, FM 40, shortwave 0" );; line 78436 (wfb::source-text radio namibia radios "NA" );; line 78438 (wfb::source-text television namibia broadcast_stations "3" );; line 78443 (wfb::source-text television namibia televisions "NA" );; line 78445 (wfb::source-text defense_branch namibia "National Defense Force (Army), Police" );; line 78451 (wfb::source-text manpower_availability namibia "males age 15-49 348,380; males fit for military service 206,684 (1995 est.)" );; line 78455 (wfb::source-text defense_expenditures namibia "exchange rate conversion - $54 million, 2% of GDP (FY93/94)" );; line 78460 (wfb::source-text location nauru "Oceania, island in the South Pacific Ocean, south of the Marshall Islands" );; line 78470 (wfb::source-text map_references nauru "Oceania" );; line 78475 (wfb::source-text area nauru total_area "21 sq km" );; line 78480 (wfb::source-text area nauru land_area "21 sq km" );; line 78482 (wfb::source-text area nauru comparative_area "about one-tenth the size of Washington, DC" );; line 78484 (wfb::source-text borders nauru "0 km" );; line 78488 (wfb::source-text coastline nauru "30 km" );; line 78492 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims nauru exclusive_fishing_zone "200 nm" );; line 78497 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims nauru territorial_sea "12 nm" );; line 78499 (wfb::source-text international_disputes nauru "none" );; line 78503 (wfb::source-text climate nauru "tropical; monsoonal; rainy season (November to February)" );; line 78507 (wfb::source-text terrain nauru "sandy beach rises to fertile ring around raised coral reefs with phosphate plateau in center" );; line 78511 (wfb::source-text natural-resource nauru "phosphates" );; line 78516 (wfb::source-text land_use nauru arable_land "0%" );; line 78521 (wfb::source-text land_use nauru permanent_crops "0%" );; line 78523 (wfb::source-text land_use nauru meadows_and_pastures "0%" );; line 78525 (wfb::source-text land_use nauru forest_and_woodland "0%" );; line 78527 (wfb::source-text land_use nauru other "100%" );; line 78529 (wfb::source-text irrigated_land nauru "NA sq km" );; line 78533 (wfb::source-text environment nauru current_issues "limited natural fresh water resources, roof storage tanks collect rainwater; phosphate mining threatens limited remaining land resources" );; line 78538 (wfb::source-text environment nauru natural_hazards "periodic droughts" );; line 78541 (wfb::source-text environment nauru international_agreements "party to - Biodiversity, Climate Change, Marine Dumping; signed, but not ratified - Law of the Sea" );; line 78543 (wfb::source-text note nauru "Nauru is one of the three great phosphate rock islands in the Pacific Ocean - the others are Banaba (Ocean Island) in Kiribati and Makatea in French Polynesia; only 53 km south of Equator" );; line 78548 (wfb::source-text population nauru "10,149 (July 1995 est.)" );; line 78556 (wfb::source-text age_structure nauru 0-14_years "NA" );; line 78561 (wfb::source-text age_structure nauru 15-64_years "NA" );; line 78563 (wfb::source-text age_structure nauru 65_years_and_over "NA" );; line 78565 (wfb::source-text population_growth_rate nauru "1.33% (1995 est.)" );; line 78569 (wfb::source-text birth_rate nauru "18.03 births/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 78573 (wfb::source-text death_rate nauru "5.1 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 78577 (wfb::source-text net_migration_rate nauru "0.4 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 78581 (wfb::source-text infant_mortality_rate nauru "40.6 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.)" );; line 78585 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth nauru total_population "66.68 years" );; line 78590 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth nauru male "64.3 years" );; line 78592 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth nauru female "69.18 years (1995 est.)" );; line 78594 (wfb::source-text total_fertility_rate nauru "2.08 children born/woman (1995 est.)" );; line 78598 (wfb::source-text nationality nauru noun "Nauruan(s)" );; line 78603 (wfb::source-text nationality nauru adjective "Nauruan" );; line 78605 (wfb::source-text ethnic-entity nauru "Nauruan 58%, other Pacific Islander 26%, Chinese 8%, European 8%" );; line 78609 (wfb::source-text religion nauru "Christian (two-thirds Protestant, one-third Roman Catholic)" );; line 78613 (wfb::source-text language nauru "Nauruan (official; a distinct Pacific Island language), English widely understood, spoken, and used for most government and commercial purposes" );; line 78617 (wfb::source-text literacy nauru "NA%" );; line 78623 (wfb::source-text labor_force_by_occupation nauru by_occupation "NA" );; line 78628 (wfb::source-text names nauru conventional_long_form "Republic of Nauru" );; line 78634 (wfb::source-text names nauru conventional_short_form "Nauru" );; line 78636 (wfb::source-text names nauru former "Pleasant Island" );; line 78638 (wfb::source-text digraph nauru "NR" );; line 78642 (wfb::source-text type nauru "republic" );; line 78646 (wfb::source-text capital nauru "no official capital; government offices in Yaren District" );; line 78650 (wfb::source-text administrative_divisions nauru "14 districts; Aiwo, Anabar, Anetan, Anibare, Baiti, Boe, Buada, Denigomodu, Ewa, Ijuw, Meneng, Nibok, Uaboe, Yaren" );; line 78654 (wfb::source-text independence nauru "31 January 1968 (from the Australia, New Zealand, and UK-administered UN trusteeship)" );; line 78659 (wfb::source-text national_holiday nauru "Independence Day, 31 January (1968)" );; line 78664 (wfb::source-text constitution nauru "29 January 1968" );; line 78668 (wfb::source-text legal_system nauru "own Acts of Parliament and British common law" );; line 78672 (wfb::source-text suffrage nauru "20 years of age; universal and compulsory" );; line 78676 (wfb::source-text executive_branch nauru chief_of_state_and_head_of_government "President Bernard DOWIYOGO (since 12 December 1989); election last held 19 November 1992 (next to be held NA November 1995); results - Bernard DOWIYOGO elected by Parliament" );; line 78681 (wfb::source-text executive_branch nauru cabinet "Cabinet; appointed by the president from the parliament" );; line 78685 (wfb::source-text legislative_structure nauru "unicameral" );; line 78689 (wfb::source-text legislative_branch nauru parliament "elections last held on 14 November 1992 (next to be held NA November 1995); results - percent of vote NA; seats - (18 total) independents 18" );; line 78691 (wfb::source-text judicial_branch nauru "Supreme Court" );; line 78697 (wfb::source-text political_parties_and_leaders nauru "none" );; line 78701 (wfb::source-text member_of nauru "AsDB, C (special), ESCAP, ICAO, INTELSAT (nonsignatory user), INTERPOL, ITU, SPARTECA, SPC, SPF, UPU" );; line 78705 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us nauru |consulate(s)| "Agana (Guam)" );; line 78711 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation nauru "the US Ambassador to Fiji is accredited to Nauru" );; line 78715 (wfb::source-text flag nauru "blue with a narrow, horizontal, yellow stripe across the center and a large white 12-pointed star below the stripe on the hoist side; the star indicates the country's location in relation to the Equator (the yellow stripe) and the 12 points symbolize the 12 original tribes of Nauru" );; line 78719 (wfb::source-text overview nauru "Revenues come from the export of phosphates, the reserves of which are expected to be exhausted by the year 2000. Phosphates have given Nauruans one of the highest per capita incomes in the Third World. Few other resources exist, so most necessities must be imported, including fresh water from Australia. The rehabilitation of mined land and the replacement of income from phosphates are serious long-term problems. Substantial amounts of phosphate income are invested in trust funds to help cushion the transition." );; line 78727 (wfb::source-text national_product nauru "GDP - purchasing power parity - $100 million (1993 est.)" );; line 78737 (wfb::source-text national_product_real_growth_rate nauru "NA%" );; line 78741 (wfb::source-text national_product_per_capita nauru "$10,000 (1993 est.)" );; line 78745 (wfb::source-text |Inflation rate (consumer prices)| nauru "NA%" );; line 78749 (wfb::source-text unemployment_rate nauru "0%" );; line 78753 (wfb::source-text budget nauru revenues "$69.7 million" );; line 78758 (wfb::source-text budget nauru expenditures "$51.5 million, including capital expenditures of $NA (1986 est.)" );; line 78760 (wfb::source-text exports nauru "$93 million (f.o.b., 1984)" );; line 78764 (wfb::source-text exports nauru commodities "phosphates" );; line 78766 (wfb::source-text exports nauru partners "Australia, NZ" );; line 78768 (wfb::source-text imports nauru "$73 million (c.i.f., 1984)" );; line 78772 (wfb::source-text imports nauru commodities "food, fuel, manufactures, building materials, machinery" );; line 78774 (wfb::source-text imports nauru partners "Australia, UK, NZ, Japan" );; line 78776 (wfb::source-text external_debt nauru "$33.3 million" );; line 78780 (wfb::source-text industrial_production nauru "growth rate NA%" );; line 78784 (wfb::source-text electricity nauru capacity "14,000 kW" );; line 78789 (wfb::source-text electricity nauru production "30 million kWh" );; line 78791 (wfb::source-text electricity nauru consumption_per_capita "3,036 kWh (1993)" );; line 78793 (wfb::source-text industry nauru "phosphate mining, financial services, coconut products" );; line 78797 (wfb::source-text agriculture nauru "coconuts; other agricultural activity negligible; almost completely dependent on imports for food and water" );; line 78801 (wfb::source-text economic_aid nauru recipient "Western (non-US) countries (1970-89), $2 million" );; line 78807 (wfb::source-text currency nauru "1 Australian dollar ($A) = 100 cents" );; line 78811 (wfb::source-text exchange_rates nauru "Australian dollars ($A) per US$1 - 1.3058 (January 1995), 1.3667 (1994), 1.4704 (1993), 1.3600 (1992), 1.2834 (1991), 1.2799 (1990)" );; line 78815 (wfb::source-text fiscal_year nauru "1 July - 30 June" );; line 78820 (wfb::source-text railroads nauru total "3.9 km; note - used to haul phosphates from the center of the island to processing facilities on the southwest coast" );; line 78826 (wfb::source-text highways nauru total "27 km" );; line 78832 (wfb::source-text highways nauru paved "21 km" );; line 78834 (wfb::source-text highways nauru unpaved "improved earth 6 km" );; line 78836 (wfb::source-text port nauru "Nauru" );; line 78840 (wfb::source-text merchant_marine nauru "none" );; line 78844 (wfb::source-text airports nauru total "1" );; line 78849 (wfb::source-text airports nauru |with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m| "1" );; line 78851 (wfb::source-text telephone_system nauru "1,600 telephones; adequate local and international radio communications provided via Australian facilities" );; line 78856 (wfb::source-text telephone_system nauru local "NA" );; line 78859 (wfb::source-text telephone_system nauru intercity "NA" );; line 78861 (wfb::source-text telephone_system nauru international "1 INTELSAT (Pacific Ocean) earth station" );; line 78863 (wfb::source-text radio nauru broadcast_stations "AM 1, FM 0, shortwave 0" );; line 78868 (wfb::source-text radio nauru radios "4,000" );; line 78870 (wfb::source-text television nauru broadcast_stations "0" );; line 78875 (wfb::source-text television nauru televisions "NA" );; line 78877 (wfb::source-text defense_branch nauru "no regular armed forces; Directorate of the Nauru Police Force" );; line 78883 (wfb::source-text defense_expenditures nauru "$NA; note - no formal defense structure" );; line 78887 (wfb::source-text location navassa_island "Caribbean, island in the Caribbean Sea, about one-fourth of the way from Haiti to Jamaica" );; line 78897 (wfb::source-text map_references navassa_island "Central America and the Caribbean" );; line 78902 (wfb::source-text area navassa_island total_area "5.2 sq km" );; line 78907 (wfb::source-text area navassa_island land_area "5.2 sq km" );; line 78909 (wfb::source-text area navassa_island comparative_area "about nine times the size of The Mall in Washington, DC" );; line 78911 (wfb::source-text borders navassa_island "0 km" );; line 78915 (wfb::source-text coastline navassa_island "8 km" );; line 78919 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims navassa_island exclusive_economic_zone "200 nm" );; line 78924 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims navassa_island territorial_sea "12 nm" );; line 78926 (wfb::source-text international_disputes navassa_island "claimed by Haiti" );; line 78930 (wfb::source-text climate navassa_island "marine, tropical" );; line 78934 (wfb::source-text terrain navassa_island "raised coral and limestone plateau, flat to undulating; ringed by vertical white cliffs (9 to 15 meters high)" );; line 78938 (wfb::source-text natural-resource navassa_island "guano" );; line 78943 (wfb::source-text land_use navassa_island arable_land "0%" );; line 78948 (wfb::source-text land_use navassa_island permanent_crops "0%" );; line 78950 (wfb::source-text land_use navassa_island meadows_and_pastures "10%" );; line 78952 (wfb::source-text land_use navassa_island forest_and_woodland "0%" );; line 78954 (wfb::source-text land_use navassa_island other "90%" );; line 78956 (wfb::source-text irrigated_land navassa_island "0 sq km" );; line 78960 (wfb::source-text environment navassa_island current_issues "NA" );; line 78965 (wfb::source-text environment navassa_island natural_hazards "NA" );; line 78967 (wfb::source-text environment navassa_island international_agreements "NA" );; line 78969 (wfb::source-text note navassa_island "strategic location 160 km south of the US Naval Base at Guantanamo Bay, Cuba; mostly exposed rock, but enough grassland to support goat herds; dense stands of fig-like trees, scattered cactus" );; line 78973 (wfb::source-text population navassa_island "uninhabited; note - transient Haitian fishermen and others camp on the island" );; line 78981 (wfb::source-text names navassa_island conventional_long_form "none" );; line 78988 (wfb::source-text names navassa_island conventional_short_form "Navassa Island" );; line 78990 (wfb::source-text digraph navassa_island "BQ" );; line 78994 (wfb::source-text type navassa_island "unincorporated territory of the US administered by the US Coast Guard" );; line 78998 (wfb::source-text capital navassa_island "none; administered from Washington, DC" );; line 79003 (wfb::source-text overview navassa_island "no economic activity" );; line 79008 (wfb::source-text port navassa_island "none; offshore anchorage only" );; line 79013 (wfb::source-text note navassa_island "defense is the responsibility of the US" );; line 79023 (wfb::source-text location nepal "Southern Asia, between China and India" );; line 79033 (wfb::source-text map_references nepal "Asia" );; line 79037 (wfb::source-text area nepal total_area "140,800 sq km" );; line 79042 (wfb::source-text area nepal land_area "136,800 sq km" );; line 79044 (wfb::source-text area nepal comparative_area "slightly larger than Arkansas" );; line 79046 (wfb::source-text borders nepal "total 2,926 km, China 1,236 km, India 1,690 km" );; line 79050 (wfb::source-text coastline nepal "0 km (landlocked)" );; line 79054 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims nepal "none; landlocked" );; line 79058 (wfb::source-text international_disputes nepal "none" );; line 79062 (wfb::source-text climate nepal "varies from cool summers and severe winters in north to subtropical summers and mild winters in south" );; line 79066 (wfb::source-text terrain nepal "Terai or flat river plain of the Ganges in south, central hill region, rugged Himalayas in north" );; line 79071 (wfb::source-text natural-resource nepal "quartz, water, timber, hydroelectric potential, scenic beauty, small deposits of lignite, copper, cobalt, iron ore" );; line 79076 (wfb::source-text land_use nepal arable_land "17%" );; line 79082 (wfb::source-text land_use nepal permanent_crops "0%" );; line 79084 (wfb::source-text land_use nepal meadows_and_pastures "13%" );; line 79086 (wfb::source-text land_use nepal forest_and_woodland "33%" );; line 79088 (wfb::source-text land_use nepal other "37%" );; line 79090 (wfb::source-text irrigated_land nepal "9,430 sq km (1989)" );; line 79094 (wfb::source-text environment nepal current_issues "the almost total dependence on wood for fuel and cutting down trees to expand agricultural land without replanting has resulted in widespread deforestation; soil erosion; water pollution (use of contaminated water presents human health risks)" );; line 79099 (wfb::source-text environment nepal natural_hazards "severe thunderstorms, flooding, landslides, drought, and famine depending on the timing, intensity, and duration of the summer monsoons" );; line 79104 (wfb::source-text environment nepal international_agreements "party to - Biodiversity, Climate Change, Endangered Species, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Tropical Timber 83, Wetlands; signed, but not ratified - Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation" );; line 79107 (wfb::source-text note nepal "landlocked; strategic location between China and India; contains eight of world's 10 highest peaks" );; line 79114 (wfb::source-text population nepal "21,560,869 (July 1995 est.)" );; line 79121 (wfb::source-text age_structure nepal 0-14_years "43% (female 4,479,950; male 4,692,575)" );; line 79126 (wfb::source-text age_structure nepal 15-64_years "55% (female 5,778,107; male 5,994,147)" );; line 79128 (wfb::source-text age_structure nepal 65_years_and_over "2% (female 305,502; male 310,588) (July 1995 est.)" );; line 79130 (wfb::source-text population_growth_rate nepal "2.44% (1995 est.)" );; line 79134 (wfb::source-text birth_rate nepal "37.31 births/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 79138 (wfb::source-text death_rate nepal "12.9 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 79142 (wfb::source-text net_migration_rate nepal "0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 79146 (wfb::source-text infant_mortality_rate nepal "81.2 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.)" );; line 79150 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth nepal total_population "53.09 years" );; line 79155 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth nepal male "52.86 years" );; line 79157 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth nepal female "53.34 years (1995 est.)" );; line 79159 (wfb::source-text total_fertility_rate nepal "5.15 children born/woman (1995 est.)" );; line 79163 (wfb::source-text nationality nepal noun "Nepalese (singular and plural)" );; line 79168 (wfb::source-text nationality nepal adjective "Nepalese" );; line 79170 (wfb::source-text ethnic-entity nepal "Newars, Indians, Tibetans, Gurungs, Magars, Tamangs, Bhotias, Rais, Limbus, Sherpas" );; line 79174 (wfb::source-text religion nepal "Hindu 90%, Buddhist 5%, Muslim 3%, other 2% (1981)" );; line 79179 (wfb::source-text language nepal "Nepali (official), 20 languages divided into numerous dialects" );; line 79186 (wfb::source-text literacy nepal "age 15 and over can read and write (1990)" );; line 79190 (wfb::source-text literacy nepal total_population "26%" );; line 79192 (wfb::source-text literacy nepal male "38%" );; line 79194 (wfb::source-text literacy nepal female "13%" );; line 79196 (wfb::source-text total_labor_force nepal "8.5 million (1991 est.)" );; line 79200 (wfb::source-text labor_force_by_occupation nepal by_occupation "agriculture 93%, services 5%, industry 2%" );; line 79202 (wfb::source-text names nepal conventional_long_form "Kingdom of Nepal" );; line 79210 (wfb::source-text names nepal conventional_short_form "Nepal" );; line 79212 (wfb::source-text digraph nepal "NP" );; line 79216 (wfb::source-text type nepal "parliamentary democracy as of 12 May 1991" );; line 79220 (wfb::source-text capital nepal "Kathmandu" );; line 79224 (wfb::source-text administrative_divisions nepal "14 zones (anchal, singular and plural); Bagmati, Bheri, Dhawalagiri, Gandaki, Janakpur, Karnali, Kosi, Lumbini, Mahakali, Mechi, Narayani, Rapti, Sagarmatha, Seti" );; line 79228 (wfb::source-text independence nepal "1768 (unified by Prithvi Narayan Shah)" );; line 79234 (wfb::source-text national_holiday nepal "Birthday of His Majesty the King, 28 December (1945)" );; line 79238 (wfb::source-text constitution nepal "9 November 1990" );; line 79242 (wfb::source-text legal_system nepal "based on Hindu legal concepts and English common law; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction" );; line 79246 (wfb::source-text suffrage nepal "18 years of age; universal" );; line 79251 (wfb::source-text executive_branch nepal head_of_government "Prime Minister Man Mohan ADHIKARI (since 30 November 1994)" );; line 79256 (wfb::source-text executive_branch nepal chief_of_state "King BIRENDRA Bir Bikram Shah Dev (since 31 January 1972, crowned King 24 February 1985); Heir Apparent Crown Prince DIPENDRA Bir Bikram Shah Dev, son of the King (born 21 June 1971)" );; line 79258 (wfb::source-text executive_branch nepal cabinet "Cabinet; appointed by the king on recommendation of the prime minister" );; line 79262 (wfb::source-text legislative_structure nepal "bicameral Parliament" );; line 79267 (wfb::source-text legislative_branch nepal national_council "consists of a 60-member body, 50 appointed by House of Representatives and 10 by the King" );; line 79269 (wfb::source-text legislative_branch nepal house_of_representatives "elections last held on 15 November 1994 (next to be held NA); results - NCP 33%, CPN/UML 31%, NDP 18%, Terai Rights Sadbhavana Party 3%, NWPP 1%; seats - (205 total) CPN/UML 88, NCP 83, NDP 20, NWPP 4, Terai Rights Sadbhavana Party 3, independents 7; note - the new Constitution of 9 November 1990 gave Nepal a multiparty democracy system for the first time in 32 years" );; line 79272 (wfb::source-text judicial_branch nepal "Supreme Court (Sarbochha Adalat)" );; line 79280 (wfb::source-text political_parties_and_leaders nepal "Communist Party of Nepal/United Marxist and Leninist (CPN/UML), Prime Minister Man Mohan ADHIKARI, Deputy Prime Minister Madhav Kumar NEPAL; Nepali Congress Party (NCP), president Krishna Prasad BHATTARAI, former Prime Minister Girija Prasad KOIRALA, Leader of the Opposition Sher Bahadur DEUBA; National Democratic Party (NDP), Surya Bahadur THAPA; Terai Rights Sadbhavana (Goodwill) Party, Gajendra Narayan SINGH; United People's Front (UPF), Niranjan Govinda BAIDYA; Nepal Workers and Peasants Party (NWPP), Narayan Man BIJUKCHHE; Communist Party of Nepal (Democratic-Manandhar), B. B. MANANDHAR" );; line 79284 (wfb::source-text other_political_or_pressure_groups nepal "numerous small, left-leaning student groups in the capital; several small, radical Nepalese antimonarchist groups" );; line 79295 (wfb::source-text member_of nepal "AsDB, CCC, CP, ESCAP, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, ISO (correspondent), ITU, NAM, SAARC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNIFIL, UNOSOM, UNPROFOR, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WMO, WTO" );; line 79300 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us nepal chief_of_mission "(vacant); Charge d'Affaires ad interim Pradeep KHATIWADA" );; line 79308 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us nepal chancery "2131 Leroy Place NW, Washington, DC 20008" );; line 79310 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us nepal telephone "[1] (202) 667-4550" );; line 79312 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us nepal |consulate(s) general| "New York" );; line 79314 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation nepal chief_of_mission "Ambassador Sandra L. VOGELGESANG" );; line 79319 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation nepal embassy "Pani Pokhari, Kathmandu" );; line 79321 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation nepal mailing_address "use embassy street address" );; line 79323 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation nepal telephone "[977] (1) 411179" );; line 79325 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation nepal fax "[977] (1) 419963" );; line 79327 (wfb::source-text flag nepal "red with a blue border around the unique shape of two overlapping right triangles; the smaller, upper triangle bears a white stylized moon and the larger, lower triangle bears a white 12-pointed sun" );; line 79331 (wfb::source-text overview nepal "Nepal is among the poorest and least developed countries in the world. Agriculture is the mainstay of the economy, providing a livelihood for over 90% of the population and accounting for half of GDP. Industrial activity is limited, mainly involving the processing of agricultural produce (jute, sugarcane, tobacco, and grain). Production of textiles and carpets has expanded recently and accounted for 85% of foreign exchange earnings in FY93/94. Apart from agricultural land and forests, exploitable natural resources are mica, hydropower, and tourism. Agricultural production in the late 1980s grew by about 5%, as compared with annual population growth of 2.6%. More than 40% of the population is undernourished. Since May 1991, the government has been encouraging trade and foreign investment, e.g., by eliminating business licenses and registration requirements in order to simplify domestic and foreign investment. The government also has been cutting public expenditures by reducing subsidies, privatizing state industries, and laying off civil servants. Prospects for foreign trade and investment in the 1990s remain poor, however, because of the small size of the economy, its technological backwardness, its remoteness, and susceptibility to natural disaster. The international community provides funding for 70% of Nepal's developmental budget and for 30% of total budgetary expenditures. The government, realizing that attempts to reverse three years of liberalization would jeopardize this vital support, almost certainly will move ahead with its reform program in 1995-96." );; line 79338 (wfb::source-text national_product nepal "GDP - purchasing power parity - $22.4 billion (1994 est.)" );; line 79362 (wfb::source-text national_product_real_growth_rate nepal "5% (1994 est.)" );; line 79366 (wfb::source-text national_product_per_capita nepal "$1,060 (1994 est.)" );; line 79370 (wfb::source-text |Inflation rate (consumer prices)| nepal "9.6% (June 1994)" );; line 79374 (wfb::source-text unemployment_rate nepal "NA%; note - there is substantial underemployment (1994)" );; line 79378 (wfb::source-text budget nepal revenues "$455 million" );; line 79383 (wfb::source-text budget nepal expenditures "$854 million, including capital expenditures of $427 million (FY93/94 est.)" );; line 79385 (wfb::source-text exports nepal "$593 million (f.o.b., 1993) but does not include unrecorded border trade with India" );; line 79390 (wfb::source-text exports nepal commodities "carpets, clothing, leather goods, jute goods, grain" );; line 79393 (wfb::source-text exports nepal partners "India, US, Germany, UK" );; line 79395 (wfb::source-text imports nepal "$899 million (c.i.f., 1993)" );; line 79399 (wfb::source-text imports nepal commodities "petroleum products 20%, fertilizer 11%, machinery 10%" );; line 79401 (wfb::source-text imports nepal partners "India, Singapore, Japan, Germany" );; line 79403 (wfb::source-text external_debt nepal "$2 billion (1993 est.)" );; line 79407 (wfb::source-text industrial_production nepal "NA" );; line 79411 (wfb::source-text electricity nepal capacity "280,000 kW" );; line 79416 (wfb::source-text electricity nepal production "920 million kWh" );; line 79418 (wfb::source-text electricity nepal consumption_per_capita "41 kWh (1993)" );; line 79420 (wfb::source-text industry nepal "small rice, jute, sugar, and oilseed mills; cigarette, textile, carpet, cement, and brick production; tourism" );; line 79424 (wfb::source-text agriculture nepal "rice, corn, wheat, sugarcane, root crops, milk, buffalo meat; not self-sufficient in food, particularly in drought years" );; line 79429 (wfb::source-text illicit_drugs nepal "illicit producer of cannabis for the domestic and international drug markets; transit point for heroin from Southeast Asia to the West" );; line 79434 (wfb::source-text economic_aid nepal recipient "US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-89), $304 million; Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1980-89), $2.23 billion; OPEC bilateral aid (1979-89), $30 million; Communist countries (1970-89), $286 million" );; line 79440 (wfb::source-text currency nepal "1 Nepalese rupee (NR) = 100 paisa" );; line 79447 (wfb::source-text exchange_rates nepal "Nepalese rupees (NRs) per US$1 - 49.884 (January 1995), 49.398 (1994), 48.607 (1993), 42.742 (1992), 37.255 (1991), 29.370 (1990)" );; line 79451 (wfb::source-text fiscal_year nepal "16 July - 15 July" );; line 79456 (wfb::source-text railroads nepal total "101 km; note - all in Terai close to Indian border" );; line 79462 (wfb::source-text railroads nepal narrow_gauge "101 km 0.762-m gauge" );; line 79464 (wfb::source-text highways nepal total "7,400 km" );; line 79469 (wfb::source-text highways nepal paved "3,000 km" );; line 79471 (wfb::source-text highways nepal unpaved "4,400 km" );; line 79473 (wfb::source-text port nepal "none" );; line 79477 (wfb::source-text airports nepal total "44" );; line 79482 (wfb::source-text airports nepal |with paved runways over 3,047 m| "1" );; line 79484 (wfb::source-text airports nepal |with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m| "3" );; line 79486 (wfb::source-text airports nepal |with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m| "1" );; line 79488 (wfb::source-text airports nepal with_paved_runways_under_914_m "28" );; line 79490 (wfb::source-text airports nepal |with unpaved runways 1,524 to 2,438 m| "1" );; line 79492 (wfb::source-text airports nepal |with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m| "10" );; line 79494 (wfb::source-text telephone_system nepal "50,000 telephones (1990); poor telephone and telegraph service; fair radio communication service" );; line 79499 (wfb::source-text telephone_system nepal local "NA" );; line 79502 (wfb::source-text telephone_system nepal intercity "NA" );; line 79504 (wfb::source-text telephone_system nepal international "international radio communication service is fair; 1 INTELSAT (Indian Ocean) earth station" );; line 79506 (wfb::source-text radio nepal broadcast_stations "AM 88, FM 0, shortwave 0" );; line 79512 (wfb::source-text radio nepal radios "NA" );; line 79514 (wfb::source-text television nepal broadcast_stations "1" );; line 79519 (wfb::source-text television nepal televisions "NA" );; line 79521 (wfb::source-text defense_branch nepal "Royal Nepalese Army, Royal Nepalese Army Air Service, Nepalese Police Force" );; line 79527 (wfb::source-text manpower_availability nepal "males age 15-49 5,163,703; males fit for military service 2,682,284; males reach military age (17) annually 247,978 (1995 est.)" );; line 79532 (wfb::source-text defense_expenditures nepal "exchange rate conversion - $36 million, 1.2% of GDP (FY92/93)" );; line 79537 (wfb::source-text location netherlands "Western Europe, bordering the North Sea, between Belgium and Germany" );; line 79547 (wfb::source-text map_references netherlands "Europe" );; line 79552 (wfb::source-text area netherlands total_area "37,330 sq km" );; line 79557 (wfb::source-text area netherlands land_area "33,920 sq km" );; line 79559 (wfb::source-text area netherlands comparative_area "slightly less than twice the size of New Jersey" );; line 79561 (wfb::source-text borders netherlands "total 1,027 km, Belgium 450 km, Germany 577 km" );; line 79565 (wfb::source-text coastline netherlands "451 km" );; line 79569 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims netherlands exclusive_fishing_zone "200 nm" );; line 79574 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims netherlands territorial_sea "12 nm" );; line 79576 (wfb::source-text international_disputes netherlands "none" );; line 79580 (wfb::source-text climate netherlands "temperate; marine; cool summers and mild winters" );; line 79584 (wfb::source-text terrain netherlands "mostly coastal lowland and reclaimed land (polders); some hills in southeast" );; line 79588 (wfb::source-text natural-resource netherlands "natural gas, petroleum, fertile soil" );; line 79593 (wfb::source-text land_use netherlands arable_land "26%" );; line 79598 (wfb::source-text land_use netherlands permanent_crops "1%" );; line 79600 (wfb::source-text land_use netherlands meadows_and_pastures "32%" );; line 79602 (wfb::source-text land_use netherlands forest_and_woodland "9%" );; line 79604 (wfb::source-text land_use netherlands other "32%" );; line 79606 (wfb::source-text irrigated_land netherlands "5,500 sq km (1989 est.)" );; line 79610 (wfb::source-text environment netherlands current_issues "water pollution in the form of heavy metals, organic compounds, and nutrients such as nitrates and phosphates; air pollution from vehicles and refining activities; acid rain" );; line 79615 (wfb::source-text environment netherlands natural_hazards "the extensive system of dikes and dams, protects nearly one-half of the total area from being flooded" );; line 79619 (wfb::source-text environment netherlands international_agreements "party to - Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Sulphur 85, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Wetlands, Whaling; signed, but not ratified - Air Pollution-Sulphur 94, Biodiversity, Desertification, Law of the Sea" );; line 79622 (wfb::source-text note netherlands "located at mouths of three major European rivers (Rhine, Maas or Meuse, and Schelde)" );; line 79632 (wfb::source-text population netherlands "15,452,903 (July 1995 est.)" );; line 79639 (wfb::source-text age_structure netherlands 0-14_years "18% (female 1,382,057; male 1,445,451)" );; line 79644 (wfb::source-text age_structure netherlands 15-64_years "68% (female 5,184,224; male 5,369,018)" );; line 79646 (wfb::source-text age_structure netherlands 65_years_and_over "14% (female 1,238,336; male 833,817) (July 1995 est.)" );; line 79648 (wfb::source-text population_growth_rate netherlands "0.52% (1995 est.)" );; line 79652 (wfb::source-text birth_rate netherlands "12.42 births/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 79656 (wfb::source-text death_rate netherlands "8.48 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 79660 (wfb::source-text net_migration_rate netherlands "1.29 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 79664 (wfb::source-text infant_mortality_rate netherlands "6 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.)" );; line 79668 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth netherlands total_population "77.95 years" );; line 79673 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth netherlands male "74.9 years" );; line 79675 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth netherlands female "81.17 years (1995 est.)" );; line 79677 (wfb::source-text total_fertility_rate netherlands "1.56 children born/woman (1995 est.)" );; line 79681 (wfb::source-text nationality netherlands noun "Dutchman(men), Dutchwoman(women)" );; line 79686 (wfb::source-text nationality netherlands adjective "Dutch" );; line 79688 (wfb::source-text ethnic-entity netherlands "Dutch 96%, Moroccans, Turks, and other 4% (1988)" );; line 79692 (wfb::source-text religion netherlands "Roman Catholic 34%, Protestant 25%, Muslim 3%, other 2%, unaffiliated 36% (1991)" );; line 79696 (wfb::source-text language netherlands "Dutch" );; line 79701 (wfb::source-text literacy netherlands "age 15 and over can read and write (1979 est.)" );; line 79705 (wfb::source-text literacy netherlands total_population "99%" );; line 79707 (wfb::source-text total_labor_force netherlands "6.4 million (1993)" );; line 79711 (wfb::source-text labor_force_by_occupation netherlands by_occupation "services 71.4%, manufacturing and construction 24.6%, agriculture 4.0% (1992)" );; line 79713 (wfb::source-text names netherlands conventional_long_form "Kingdom of the Netherlands" );; line 79720 (wfb::source-text names netherlands conventional_short_form "Netherlands" );; line 79722 (wfb::source-text names netherlands local_long_form "Koninkrijk de Nederlanden" );; line 79724 (wfb::source-text names netherlands local_short_form "Nederland" );; line 79726 (wfb::source-text digraph netherlands "NL" );; line 79730 (wfb::source-text type netherlands "constitutional monarchy" );; line 79734 (wfb::source-text capital netherlands "Amsterdam; The Hague is the seat of government" );; line 79738 (wfb::source-text administrative_divisions netherlands "12 provinces (provincien, singular - provincie); Drenthe, Flevoland, Friesland, Gelderland, Groningen, Limburg, Noord-Brabant, Noord-Holland, Overijssel, Utrecht, Zeeland, Zuid-Holland" );; line 79742 (wfb::source-text dependent_areas netherlands "Aruba, Netherlands Antilles" );; line 79748 (wfb::source-text independence netherlands "1579 (from Spain)" );; line 79752 (wfb::source-text national_holiday netherlands "Queen's Day, 30 April (1938)" );; line 79756 (wfb::source-text constitution netherlands "17 February 1983" );; line 79760 (wfb::source-text legal_system netherlands "civil law system incorporating French penal theory; judicial review in the Supreme Court of legislation of lower order rather than Acts of the States General; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations" );; line 79764 (wfb::source-text suffrage netherlands "18 years of age; universal" );; line 79770 (wfb::source-text executive_branch netherlands chief_of_state "Queen BEATRIX Wilhelmina Armgard (since 30 April 1980); Heir Apparent WILLEM-ALEXANDER, Prince of Orange, son of Queen Beatrix (born 27 April 1967)" );; line 79775 (wfb::source-text executive_branch netherlands head_of_government "Prime Minister Willem (Wim) KOK (since 22 August 1994); Vice Prime Minister Hans DIJKSTAL and Hans VAN MIERLO (since 22 August 1994)" );; line 79779 (wfb::source-text executive_branch netherlands cabinet "Cabinet; appointed by the prime minister" );; line 79782 (wfb::source-text legislative_structure netherlands "bicameral legislature (Staten Generaal)" );; line 79786 (wfb::source-text legislative_branch netherlands |First Chamber (Eerste Kamer)| "members indirectly elected by the country's 12 provincial councils for four-year terms; elections last held 9 June l991 (next to be held 9 June 1995); results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (75 total) number of seats by party NA" );; line 79788 (wfb::source-text legislative_branch netherlands |Second Chamber (Tweede Kamer)| "members directly elected for four-year terms; elections last held on 3 May 1994 (next to be held in May 1999); results - PvdA 24.3%, CDA 22.3%, VVD 20.4%, D'66 16.5%, other 16.5%; seats - (150 total) PvdA 37, CDA 34, VVD 31, D'66 24, other 24" );; line 79793 (wfb::source-text judicial_branch netherlands "Supreme Court (De Hoge Raad)" );; line 79800 (wfb::source-text political_parties_and_leaders netherlands "Christian Democratic Appeal (CDA), Hans HELGERS; Labor (PvdA), Wim KOK; Liberal (VVD - People's Party for Freedom and Democracy), Frits BOLKESTEIN; Democrats '66 (D'66), Hans van MIERLO; a host of minor parties" );; line 79804 (wfb::source-text other_political_or_pressure_groups netherlands "large multinational firms; Federation of Netherlands Trade Union Movement (comprising Socialist and Catholic trade unions) and a Protestant trade union; Federation of Catholic and Protestant Employers Associations; the nondenominational Federation of Netherlands Enterprises; and Interchurch Peace Council (IKV)" );; line 79810 (wfb::source-text member_of netherlands "AfDB, AG (observer), AsDB, Australia Group, Benelux, BIS, CCC, CE, CERN, EBRD, EC, ECE, ECLAC, EIB, ESA, ESCAP, FAO, G-10, GATT, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, INMARSAT, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, MTCR, NACC, NAM (guest), NATO, NEA, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OSCE, PCA, UN, UNAVEM II, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNITAR, UNOMOZ, UNOMUR, UNPROFOR, UNTSO, UNU, UPU, WCL, WEU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC" );; line 79818 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us netherlands chief_of_mission "Ambassador Adriaan JACOBOVITS DE SZEGED" );; line 79829 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us netherlands chancery "4200 Linnean Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008" );; line 79831 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us netherlands telephone "[1] (202) 244-5300" );; line 79833 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us netherlands fax "[1] (202) 362-3430" );; line 79835 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us netherlands |consulate(s) general| "Chicago, Houston, Los Angeles, New York" );; line 79837 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation netherlands chief_of_mission "Ambassador Kirk Terry DORNBUSH" );; line 79842 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation netherlands embassy "Lange Voorhout 102, 2514 EJ The Hague" );; line 79844 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation netherlands mailing_address "PSC 71, Box 1000, the Hague; APO AE 09715" );; line 79846 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation netherlands telephone "[31] (70) 310-9209" );; line 79848 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation netherlands fax "[31] (70) 361-4688" );; line 79850 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation netherlands |consulate(s) general| "Amsterdam" );; line 79852 (wfb::source-text flag netherlands "three equal horizontal bands of red (top), white, and blue; similar to the flag of Luxembourg, which uses a lighter blue and is longer" );; line 79856 (wfb::source-text overview netherlands "This highly developed and affluent economy is based on private enterprise. The government makes its presence felt, however, through many regulations, permit requirements, and welfare programs affecting most aspects of economic activity. The trade and financial services sector contributes over 50% of GDP. Industrial activity provides about 25% of GDP and is led by the food-processing, oil-refining, and metalworking industries. The highly mechanized agricultural sector employs only 4% of the labor force, but provides large surpluses for export and the domestic food-processing industry. Indeed the Netherlands ranks third worldwide in value of agricultural exports, behind the US and France. High unemployment and a sizable budget deficit are currently the most serious economic problems. Many of the economic issues of the 1990s will reflect the course of European economic integration." );; line 79862 (wfb::source-text national_product netherlands "GDP - purchasing power parity - $275.8 billion (1994 est.)" );; line 79877 (wfb::source-text national_product_real_growth_rate netherlands "2% (1994 est.)" );; line 79881 (wfb::source-text national_product_per_capita netherlands "$17,940 (1994 est.)" );; line 79885 (wfb::source-text |Inflation rate (consumer prices)| netherlands "2.5% (December 1994)" );; line 79889 (wfb::source-text unemployment_rate netherlands "8.8% (December 1994)" );; line 79893 (wfb::source-text budget netherlands revenues "$109.9 billion" );; line 79898 (wfb::source-text budget netherlands expenditures "$122.1 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA (1992 est.)" );; line 79900 (wfb::source-text exports netherlands "$153 billion (f.o.b., 1994 est.)" );; line 79904 (wfb::source-text exports netherlands commodities "metal products, chemicals, processed food and tobacco, agricultural products" );; line 79906 (wfb::source-text exports netherlands partners "EC 77% (Germany 27%, Belgium-Luxembourg 15%, UK 10%), Central and Eastern Europe 10%, US 4% (1991)" );; line 79909 (wfb::source-text imports netherlands "$137 billion (f.o.b., 1994 est.)" );; line 79914 (wfb::source-text imports netherlands commodities "raw materials and semifinished products, consumer goods, transportation equipment, crude oil, food products" );; line 79916 (wfb::source-text imports netherlands partners "EC 64% (Germany 26%, Belgium-Luxembourg 14%, UK 8%), US 8% (1991)" );; line 79919 (wfb::source-text external_debt netherlands "$0" );; line 79923 (wfb::source-text industrial_production netherlands "growth rate -1.5% (1993 est.); accounts for 25% of GDP" );; line 79927 (wfb::source-text electricity netherlands capacity "17,520,000 kW" );; line 79932 (wfb::source-text electricity netherlands production "72.4 billion kWh" );; line 79934 (wfb::source-text electricity netherlands consumption_per_capita "5,100 kWh (1993)" );; line 79936 (wfb::source-text industry netherlands "agroindustries, metal and engineering products, electrical machinery and equipment, chemicals, petroleum, fishing, construction, microelectronics" );; line 79940 (wfb::source-text agriculture netherlands "accounts for 4.6% of GDP; animal production predominates; crops - grains, potatoes, sugar beets, fruits, vegetables; shortages of grain, fats, and oils" );; line 79946 (wfb::source-text illicit_drugs netherlands "important gateway for cocaine, heroin, and hashish entering Europe; European producer of illicit amphetamines and other synthetic drugs" );; line 79952 (wfb::source-text economic_aid netherlands donor "ODA and OOF commitments (1970-89), $19.4 billion" );; line 79958 (wfb::source-text currency netherlands "1 Netherlands guilder, gulden, or florin (f.) = 100 cents" );; line 79962 (wfb::source-text exchange_rates netherlands "Netherlands guilders, gulden, or florins (f.) per US$1 - 1.7178 (January 1995), 1.8200 (1994), 1.8573 (1993), 1.7585 (1992), 1.8697 (1991), 1.8209 (1990)" );; line 79966 (wfb::source-text fiscal_year netherlands "calendar year" );; line 79972 (wfb::source-text railroads netherlands total "2,757 km" );; line 79978 (wfb::source-text railroads netherlands standard_gauge "2,757 km km 1.435-m gauge (1,991 km electrified; 1,800 km double track) (1994)" );; line 79980 (wfb::source-text highways netherlands total "104,831 km" );; line 79986 (wfb::source-text highways netherlands paved "92,251 km (2,118 km of expressway)" );; line 79988 (wfb::source-text highways netherlands unpaved "gravel, crushed stone 12,580 km (1992)" );; line 79990 (wfb::source-text inland_waterways netherlands "6,340 km, of which 35% is usable by craft of 1,000 metric ton capacity or larger" );; line 79994 (wfb::source-text pipelines netherlands "crude oil 418 km; petroleum products 965 km; natural gas 10,230 km" );; line 79999 (wfb::source-text port netherlands "Amsterdam, Delfzijl, Dordrecht, Eemshaven, Groningen, Haarlem, Ijmuiden, Maastricht, Rotterdam, Terneuzen, Utrecht" );; line 80004 (wfb::source-text merchant_marine netherlands total "343 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 2,629,578 GRT/3,337,307 DWT" );; line 80010 (wfb::source-text merchant_marine netherlands ships_by_type "bulk 2, cargo 195, chemical tanker 21, combination bulk 3, container 33, liquefied gas tanker 12, livestock carrier 1, multifunction large-load carrier 1, oil tanker 37, railcar carrier 1, refrigerated cargo 18, roll-on/roll-off cargo 14, short-sea passenger 3, specialized tanker 2" );; line 80013 (wfb::source-text airports netherlands total "29" );; line 80024 (wfb::source-text airports netherlands |with paved runways over 3,047 m| "1" );; line 80026 (wfb::source-text airports netherlands |with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m| "9" );; line 80028 (wfb::source-text airports netherlands |with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m| "5" );; line 80030 (wfb::source-text airports netherlands |with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m| "3" );; line 80032 (wfb::source-text airports netherlands with_paved_runways_under_914_m "8" );; line 80034 (wfb::source-text airports netherlands |with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m| "3" );; line 80036 (wfb::source-text telephone_system netherlands "9,418,000 telephones; highly developed, well maintained, and integrated; extensive redundant system of multiconductor cables, supplemented by microwave radio relay links" );; line 80041 (wfb::source-text telephone_system netherlands local "nationwide mobile phone system" );; line 80045 (wfb::source-text telephone_system netherlands intercity "microwave radio relay" );; line 80047 (wfb::source-text telephone_system netherlands international "5 submarine cables; 3 INTELSAT (1 Indian Ocean and 2 Atlantic Ocean) and 1 EUTELSAT earth station" );; line 80049 (wfb::source-text radio netherlands broadcast_stations "AM 3 (relays 3), FM 12 (repeaters 39), shortwave 0" );; line 80055 (wfb::source-text radio netherlands radios "NA" );; line 80057 (wfb::source-text television netherlands broadcast_stations "8 (repeaters 7)" );; line 80062 (wfb::source-text television netherlands televisions "NA" );; line 80064 (wfb::source-text defense_branch netherlands "Royal Netherlands Army, Royal Netherlands Navy (includes Naval Air Service and Marine Corps), Royal Netherlands Air Force, Royal Constabulary" );; line 80070 (wfb::source-text manpower_availability netherlands "males age 15-49 4,177,555; males fit for military service 3,656,529; males reach military age (20) annually 94,771 (1995 est.)" );; line 80075 (wfb::source-text defense_expenditures netherlands "exchange rate conversion - $7.1 billion, 2.2% of GDP (1994)" );; line 80080 (wfb::source-text location netherlands_antilles "Caribbean, two island groups in the Caribbean Sea - one includes Curacao and Bonaire north of Venezuela and the other is east of the Virgin Islands" );; line 80090 (wfb::source-text map_references netherlands_antilles "Central America and the Caribbean" );; line 80096 (wfb::source-text area netherlands_antilles total_area "960 sq km" );; line 80101 (wfb::source-text area netherlands_antilles land_area "960 sq km" );; line 80103 (wfb::source-text area netherlands_antilles comparative_area "slightly less than 5.5 times the size of Washington, DC" );; line 80105 (wfb::source-text borders netherlands_antilles "0 km" );; line 80112 (wfb::source-text coastline netherlands_antilles "364 km" );; line 80116 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims netherlands_antilles exclusive_fishing_zone "12 nm" );; line 80121 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims netherlands_antilles territorial_sea "12 nm" );; line 80123 (wfb::source-text international_disputes netherlands_antilles "none" );; line 80127 (wfb::source-text climate netherlands_antilles "tropical; ameliorated by northeast trade winds" );; line 80131 (wfb::source-text terrain netherlands_antilles "generally hilly, volcanic interiors" );; line 80135 (wfb::source-text natural-resource netherlands_antilles "phosphates (Curacao only), salt (Bonaire only)" );; line 80139 (wfb::source-text land_use netherlands_antilles arable_land "8%" );; line 80144 (wfb::source-text land_use netherlands_antilles permanent_crops "0%" );; line 80146 (wfb::source-text land_use netherlands_antilles meadows_and_pastures "0%" );; line 80148 (wfb::source-text land_use netherlands_antilles forest_and_woodland "0%" );; line 80150 (wfb::source-text land_use netherlands_antilles other "92%" );; line 80152 (wfb::source-text irrigated_land netherlands_antilles "NA sq km" );; line 80156 (wfb::source-text environment netherlands_antilles current_issues "NA" );; line 80161 (wfb::source-text environment netherlands_antilles natural_hazards "Curacao and Bonaire are south of Caribbean hurricane belt, so rarely threatened; Sint Maarten, Saba, and Sint Eustatius are subject to hurricanes from July to October" );; line 80163 (wfb::source-text environment netherlands_antilles international_agreements "party to - Whaling (extended from Netherlands)" );; line 80167 (wfb::source-text population netherlands_antilles "203,505 (July 1995 est.)" );; line 80173 (wfb::source-text age_structure netherlands_antilles 0-14_years "26% (female 25,349; male 26,577)" );; line 80178 (wfb::source-text age_structure netherlands_antilles 15-64_years "67% (female 69,273; male 67,485)" );; line 80180 (wfb::source-text age_structure netherlands_antilles 65_years_and_over "7% (female 8,599; male 6,222) (July 1995 est.)" );; line 80182 (wfb::source-text population_growth_rate netherlands_antilles "1.06% (1995 est.)" );; line 80186 (wfb::source-text birth_rate netherlands_antilles "16.23 births/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 80190 (wfb::source-text death_rate netherlands_antilles "5.26 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 80194 (wfb::source-text net_migration_rate netherlands_antilles "-0.38 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 80198 (wfb::source-text infant_mortality_rate netherlands_antilles "9 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.)" );; line 80202 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth netherlands_antilles total_population "76.94 years" );; line 80207 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth netherlands_antilles male "74.67 years" );; line 80209 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth netherlands_antilles female "79.33 years (1995 est.)" );; line 80211 (wfb::source-text total_fertility_rate netherlands_antilles "1.9 children born/woman (1995 est.)" );; line 80215 (wfb::source-text nationality netherlands_antilles noun "Netherlands Antillean(s)" );; line 80220 (wfb::source-text nationality netherlands_antilles adjective "Netherlands Antillean" );; line 80222 (wfb::source-text ethnic-entity netherlands_antilles "mixed African 85%, Carib Indian, European, Latin, Oriental" );; line 80226 (wfb::source-text religion netherlands_antilles "Roman Catholic, Protestant, Jewish, Seventh-Day Adventist" );; line 80230 (wfb::source-text language netherlands_antilles "Dutch (official), Papiamento a Spanish-Portuguese-Dutch-English dialect predominates, English widely spoken, Spanish" );; line 80234 (wfb::source-text literacy netherlands_antilles "age 15 and over can read and write (1981)" );; line 80239 (wfb::source-text literacy netherlands_antilles total_population "98%" );; line 80241 (wfb::source-text literacy netherlands_antilles male "98%" );; line 80243 (wfb::source-text literacy netherlands_antilles female "99%" );; line 80245 (wfb::source-text total_labor_force netherlands_antilles "89,000" );; line 80249 (wfb::source-text labor_force_by_occupation netherlands_antilles by_occupation "government 65%, industry and commerce 28% (1983)" );; line 80251 (wfb::source-text names netherlands_antilles conventional_long_form "none" );; line 80257 (wfb::source-text names netherlands_antilles conventional_short_form "Netherlands Antilles" );; line 80259 (wfb::source-text names netherlands_antilles local_long_form "none" );; line 80261 (wfb::source-text names netherlands_antilles local_short_form "Nederlandse Antillen" );; line 80263 (wfb::source-text digraph netherlands_antilles "NT" );; line 80267 (wfb::source-text type netherlands_antilles "part of the Dutch realm; full autonomy in internal affairs granted in 1954" );; line 80271 (wfb::source-text capital netherlands_antilles "Willemstad" );; line 80276 (wfb::source-text administrative_divisions netherlands_antilles "none (part of the Dutch realm)" );; line 80280 (wfb::source-text independence netherlands_antilles "none (part of the Dutch realm)" );; line 80284 (wfb::source-text national_holiday netherlands_antilles "Queen's Day, 30 April (1938)" );; line 80288 (wfb::source-text constitution netherlands_antilles "29 December 1954, Statute of the Realm of the Netherlands, as amended" );; line 80292 (wfb::source-text legal_system netherlands_antilles "based on Dutch civil law system, with some English common law influence" );; line 80297 (wfb::source-text suffrage netherlands_antilles "18 years of age; universal" );; line 80302 (wfb::source-text executive_branch netherlands_antilles chief_of_state "Queen BEATRIX Wilhelmina Armgard (since 30 April 1980), represented by Governor General Jaime SALEH (since NA October 1989)" );; line 80307 (wfb::source-text executive_branch netherlands_antilles head_of_government "Prime Minister Miguel POURIER (since 25 February 1994)" );; line 80310 (wfb::source-text executive_branch netherlands_antilles cabinet "Council of Ministers; appointed with the advice and approval of the unicameral legislature" );; line 80312 (wfb::source-text legislative_structure netherlands_antilles "unicameral" );; line 80317 (wfb::source-text legislative_branch netherlands_antilles staten "elections last held on 25 February 1994 (next to be held March 1998); results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (23 total) PAR 8, PNP 3, SPA 2, PDB 2, UPB 1, MAN 2, DP 1, WIPM 1, DP-St.E 1, DP-St.M 1, Nos Patria 1" );; line 80319 (wfb::source-text judicial_branch netherlands_antilles "Joint High Court of Justice" );; line 80329 (wfb::source-text political_parties_and_leaders netherlands_antilles "political parties are indigenous to each island" );; line 80333 (wfb::source-text political_parties_and_leaders netherlands_antilles bonaire "Patriotic Union of Bonaire (UPB), Rudy ELLIS; Democratic Party of Bonaire (PDB), Franklin CRESTIAN" );; line 80335 (wfb::source-text political_parties_and_leaders netherlands_antilles curacao "Antillean Restructuring Party (PAR), Miguel POURIER; National People's Party (PNP), Maria LIBERIA-PETERS; New Antilles Movement (MAN), Domenico Felip Don MARTINA; Workers' Liberation Front (FOL), Wilson (Papa) GODETT; Socialist Independent (SI), George HUECK and Nelson MONTE; Democratic Party of Curacao (DP), Augustin DIAZ; Nos Patria, Chin BEHILIA" );; line 80338 (wfb::source-text political_parties_and_leaders netherlands_antilles saba "Windward Islands People's Movement (WIPM Saba), Will JOHNSON; Saba Democratic Labor Movement, Vernon HASSELL; Saba Unity Party, Carmen SIMMONDS" );; line 80344 (wfb::source-text political_parties_and_leaders netherlands_antilles sint_eustatius "Democratic Party of Sint Eustatius (DP-St.E), K. Van PUTTEN; Windward Islands People's Movement (WIPM); St. Eustatius Alliance (SEA), Ralph BERKEL" );; line 80348 (wfb::source-text political_parties_and_leaders netherlands_antilles sint_maarten "Democratic Party of Sint Maarten (DP-St.M), Claude WATHEY; Patriotic Movement of Sint Maarten (SPA), Vance JAMES" );; line 80352 (wfb::source-text member_of netherlands_antilles "CARICOM (observer), ECLAC (associate), ICFTU, INTERPOL, IOC, UNESCO (associate), UPU, WMO, WTO (associate)" );; line 80357 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us netherlands_antilles "none (self-governing part of the Netherlands)" );; line 80362 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation netherlands_antilles chief_of_mission "Consul General Bernard J. WOERZ" );; line 80367 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation netherlands_antilles |consulate(s) general| "Saint Anna Boulevard 19, Willemstad, Curacao" );; line 80369 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation netherlands_antilles mailing_address "P. O. Box 158, Willemstad, Curacao" );; line 80371 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation netherlands_antilles telephone "[599] (9) 61-3066" );; line 80373 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation netherlands_antilles fax "[599] (9) 61-6489" );; line 80375 (wfb::source-text flag netherlands_antilles "white with a horizontal blue stripe in the center superimposed on a vertical red band also centered; five white five-pointed stars are arranged in an oval pattern in the center of the blue band; the five stars represent the five main islands of Bonaire, Curacao, Saba, Sint Eustatius, and Sint Maarten" );; line 80379 (wfb::source-text overview netherlands_antilles "Tourism and offshore finance are the mainstays of the economy. The islands enjoy a high per capita income and a well-developed infrastructure as compared with other countries in the region. Almost all consumer and capital goods are imported, with Venezuela and the US being the major suppliers. Poor soils and inadequate water supplies hamper the development of agriculture." );; line 80388 (wfb::source-text national_product netherlands_antilles "GDP - purchasing power parity - $1.85 billion (1993 est.)" );; line 80396 (wfb::source-text national_product_real_growth_rate netherlands_antilles "1.8% (1994 est.)" );; line 80400 (wfb::source-text national_product_per_capita netherlands_antilles "$10,000 (1993 est.)" );; line 80404 (wfb::source-text |Inflation rate (consumer prices)| netherlands_antilles "1.5% (1994 est.)" );; line 80408 (wfb::source-text unemployment_rate netherlands_antilles "13.4% (1993 est.)" );; line 80412 (wfb::source-text budget netherlands_antilles revenues "$209 million" );; line 80417 (wfb::source-text budget netherlands_antilles expenditures "$232 million, including capital expenditures of $8 million (1992 est.)" );; line 80419 (wfb::source-text exports netherlands_antilles "$240 million (f.o.b., 1993)" );; line 80424 (wfb::source-text exports netherlands_antilles commodities "petroleum products 98%" );; line 80426 (wfb::source-text exports netherlands_antilles partners "US 39%, Brazil 9%, Colombia 6%" );; line 80428 (wfb::source-text imports netherlands_antilles "$1.2 billion (f.o.b., 1993)" );; line 80432 (wfb::source-text imports netherlands_antilles commodities "crude petroleum 64%, food, manufactures" );; line 80434 (wfb::source-text imports netherlands_antilles partners "Venezuela 26%, US 18%, Colombia 6%, Netherlands 6%, Japan 5%" );; line 80436 (wfb::source-text external_debt netherlands_antilles "$672 million (December 1991)" );; line 80440 (wfb::source-text industrial_production netherlands_antilles "growth rate NA%" );; line 80444 (wfb::source-text electricity netherlands_antilles capacity "200,000 kW" );; line 80449 (wfb::source-text electricity netherlands_antilles production "810 million kWh" );; line 80451 (wfb::source-text electricity netherlands_antilles consumption_per_capita "4,054 kWh (1993)" );; line 80453 (wfb::source-text industry netherlands_antilles "tourism (Curacao and Sint Maarten), petroleum refining (Curacao), petroleum transshipment facilities (Curacao and Bonaire), light manufacturing (Curacao)" );; line 80457 (wfb::source-text agriculture netherlands_antilles "chief products - aloes, sorghum, peanuts, vegetables, tropical fruit" );; line 80463 (wfb::source-text illicit_drugs netherlands_antilles "money-laundering center; transshipment point for South American cocaine and marijuana bound for the US and Europe" );; line 80468 (wfb::source-text economic_aid netherlands_antilles recipient "Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-89), $513 million" );; line 80474 (wfb::source-text currency netherlands_antilles "1 Netherlands Antillean guilder, gulden, or florin (NAf.) = 100 cents" );; line 80479 (wfb::source-text exchange_rates netherlands_antilles "Netherlands Antillean guilders, gulden, or florins (NAf.) per US$1 - 1.79 (fixed rate since 1989; 1.80 fixed rate 1971-88)" );; line 80484 (wfb::source-text fiscal_year netherlands_antilles "calendar year" );; line 80489 (wfb::source-text railroads netherlands_antilles "0 km" );; line 80494 (wfb::source-text highways netherlands_antilles total "950 km" );; line 80499 (wfb::source-text highways netherlands_antilles paved "300 km" );; line 80501 (wfb::source-text highways netherlands_antilles unpaved "gravel, earth 650 km" );; line 80503 (wfb::source-text port netherlands_antilles "Kralendijk, Philipsburg, Willemstad" );; line 80507 (wfb::source-text merchant_marine netherlands_antilles total "110 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 1,044,553 GRT/1,343,842 DWT" );; line 80512 (wfb::source-text merchant_marine netherlands_antilles ships_by_type "barge carrier 1, bulk 2, cargo 36, chemical tanker 6, combination ore/oil 1, liquefied gas tanker 4, multifunction large-load carrier 20, oil tanker 2, passenger 4, refrigerated cargo 27, roll-on/roll-off cargo 7" );; line 80515 (wfb::source-text airports netherlands_antilles total "5" );; line 80522 (wfb::source-text airports netherlands_antilles |with paved runways over 3,047 m| "1" );; line 80524 (wfb::source-text airports netherlands_antilles |with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m| "2" );; line 80526 (wfb::source-text airports netherlands_antilles |with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m| "1" );; line 80528 (wfb::source-text airports netherlands_antilles with_paved_runways_under_914_m "1" );; line 80530 (wfb::source-text telephone_system netherlands_antilles "NA telephones; generally adequate facilities" );; line 80535 (wfb::source-text telephone_system netherlands_antilles local "NA" );; line 80537 (wfb::source-text telephone_system netherlands_antilles intercity "extensive interisland microwave radio relay links" );; line 80539 (wfb::source-text telephone_system netherlands_antilles international "2 submarine cables; 2 INTELSAT (Atlantic Ocean) earth stations" );; line 80541 (wfb::source-text radio netherlands_antilles broadcast_stations "AM 9, FM 4, shortwave 0" );; line 80546 (wfb::source-text radio netherlands_antilles radios "NA" );; line 80548 (wfb::source-text television netherlands_antilles broadcast_stations "1" );; line 80553 (wfb::source-text television netherlands_antilles televisions "NA" );; line 80555 (wfb::source-text defense_branch netherlands_antilles "Royal Netherlands Navy, Marine Corps, Royal Netherlands Air Force, National Guard, Police Force" );; line 80561 (wfb::source-text manpower_availability netherlands_antilles "males age 15-49 56,058; males fit for military service 31,558; males reach military age (20) annually 1,734 (1995 est.)" );; line 80566 (wfb::source-text note netherlands_antilles "defense is responsibility of the Netherlands" );; line 80571 (wfb::source-text location new_caledonia "Oceania, islands in the South Pacific Ocean, east of Australia" );; line 80582 (wfb::source-text map_references new_caledonia "Oceania" );; line 80586 (wfb::source-text area new_caledonia total_area "19,060 sq km" );; line 80591 (wfb::source-text area new_caledonia land_area "18,760 sq km" );; line 80593 (wfb::source-text area new_caledonia comparative_area "slightly smaller than New Jersey" );; line 80595 (wfb::source-text borders new_caledonia "0 km" );; line 80599 (wfb::source-text coastline new_caledonia "2,254 km" );; line 80603 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims new_caledonia exclusive_economic_zone "200 nm" );; line 80608 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims new_caledonia territorial_sea "12 nm" );; line 80610 (wfb::source-text international_disputes new_caledonia "none" );; line 80614 (wfb::source-text climate new_caledonia "tropical; modified by southeast trade winds; hot, humid" );; line 80618 (wfb::source-text terrain new_caledonia "coastal plains with interior mountains" );; line 80622 (wfb::source-text natural-resource new_caledonia "nickel, chrome, iron, cobalt, manganese, silver, gold, lead, copper" );; line 80626 (wfb::source-text land_use new_caledonia arable_land "0%" );; line 80632 (wfb::source-text land_use new_caledonia permanent_crops "0%" );; line 80634 (wfb::source-text land_use new_caledonia meadows_and_pastures "14%" );; line 80636 (wfb::source-text land_use new_caledonia forest_and_woodland "51%" );; line 80638 (wfb::source-text land_use new_caledonia other "35%" );; line 80640 (wfb::source-text irrigated_land new_caledonia "NA sq km" );; line 80644 (wfb::source-text environment new_caledonia current_issues "NA" );; line 80649 (wfb::source-text environment new_caledonia natural_hazards "typhoons most frequent from November to March" );; line 80651 (wfb::source-text environment new_caledonia international_agreements "NA" );; line 80653 (wfb::source-text population new_caledonia "184,552 (July 1995 est.)" );; line 80659 (wfb::source-text age_structure new_caledonia 0-14_years "31% (female 27,712; male 28,677)" );; line 80664 (wfb::source-text age_structure new_caledonia 15-64_years "64% (female 58,462; male 60,169)" );; line 80666 (wfb::source-text age_structure new_caledonia 65_years_and_over "5% (female 4,997; male 4,535) (July 1995 est.)" );; line 80668 (wfb::source-text population_growth_rate new_caledonia "1.75% (1995 est.)" );; line 80672 (wfb::source-text birth_rate new_caledonia "22.04 births/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 80676 (wfb::source-text death_rate new_caledonia "4.9 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 80680 (wfb::source-text net_migration_rate new_caledonia "0.4 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 80684 (wfb::source-text infant_mortality_rate new_caledonia "14.4 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.)" );; line 80688 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth new_caledonia total_population "74.02 years" );; line 80693 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth new_caledonia male "70.73 years" );; line 80695 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth new_caledonia female "77.48 years (1995 est.)" );; line 80697 (wfb::source-text total_fertility_rate new_caledonia "2.57 children born/woman (1995 est.)" );; line 80701 (wfb::source-text nationality new_caledonia noun "New Caledonian(s)" );; line 80706 (wfb::source-text nationality new_caledonia adjective "New Caledonian" );; line 80708 (wfb::source-text ethnic-entity new_caledonia "Melanesian 42.5%, European 37.1%, Wallisian 8.4%, Polynesian 3.8%, Indonesian 3.6%, Vietnamese 1.6%, other 3%" );; line 80712 (wfb::source-text religion new_caledonia "Roman Catholic 60%, Protestant 30%, other 10%" );; line 80717 (wfb::source-text language new_caledonia "French, 28 Melanesian-Polynesian dialects" );; line 80721 (wfb::source-text literacy new_caledonia "age 15 and over can read and write (1976)" );; line 80725 (wfb::source-text literacy new_caledonia total_population "91%" );; line 80727 (wfb::source-text literacy new_caledonia male "92%" );; line 80729 (wfb::source-text literacy new_caledonia female "90%" );; line 80731 (wfb::source-text total_labor_force new_caledonia "50,469 foreign workers for plantations and mines from Wallis and Futuna, Vanuatu, and French Polynesia (1980 est.)" );; line 80735 (wfb::source-text labor_force_by_occupation new_caledonia by_occupation "NA" );; line 80738 (wfb::source-text names new_caledonia conventional_long_form "Territory of New Caledonia and Dependencies" );; line 80744 (wfb::source-text names new_caledonia conventional_short_form "New Caledonia" );; line 80746 (wfb::source-text names new_caledonia local_long_form "Territoire des Nouvelle-Caledonie et Dependances" );; line 80748 (wfb::source-text names new_caledonia local_short_form "Nouvelle-Caledonie" );; line 80750 (wfb::source-text digraph new_caledonia "NC" );; line 80754 (wfb::source-text type new_caledonia "overseas territory of France since 1956" );; line 80758 (wfb::source-text capital new_caledonia "Noumea" );; line 80762 (wfb::source-text administrative_divisions new_caledonia "none (overseas territory of France); there are no first-order administrative divisions as defined by the US Government, but there are 3 provinces named Iles Loyaute, Nord, and Sud" );; line 80766 (wfb::source-text independence new_caledonia "none (overseas territory of France; a referendum on independence will be held in 1998)" );; line 80772 (wfb::source-text national_holiday new_caledonia "National Day, Taking of the Bastille, 14 July (1789)" );; line 80777 (wfb::source-text constitution new_caledonia "28 September 1958 (French Constitution)" );; line 80781 (wfb::source-text legal_system new_caledonia "the 1988 Matignon Accords grant substantial autonomy to the islands; formerly under French law" );; line 80785 (wfb::source-text suffrage new_caledonia "18 years of age; universal" );; line 80790 (wfb::source-text executive_branch new_caledonia chief_of_state "President Francois MITTERRAND (since 21 May 1981)" );; line 80795 (wfb::source-text executive_branch new_caledonia head_of_government "High Commissioner and President of the Council of Government Didier CULTIAUX (since NA July 1994; appointed by the French Ministry of the Interior); President of the Territorial Congress Simon LOUECKHOTE (since 26 June 1989)" );; line 80797 (wfb::source-text executive_branch new_caledonia cabinet "Consultative Committee" );; line 80802 (wfb::source-text legislative_structure new_caledonia "unicameral" );; line 80806 (wfb::source-text legislative_branch new_caledonia territorial_assembly "elections last held 11 June 1989 (next to be held July 1995); results - RPCR 44.5%, FLNKS 28.5%, FN 7%, CD 5%, UO 4%, other 11%; seats - (54 total) RPCR 27, FLNKS 19, FN 3, other 5; note - election boycotted by FULK" );; line 80808 (wfb::source-text legislative_branch new_caledonia french_senate "elections last held 27 September 1992 (next to be held September 2001); results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (1 total) RPCR 1" );; line 80812 (wfb::source-text legislative_branch new_caledonia french_national_assembly "elections last held 21 March 1993 (next to be held 21 and 28 March 1998); results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (2 total) RPCR 2" );; line 80815 (wfb::source-text judicial_branch new_caledonia "Court of Appeal" );; line 80820 (wfb::source-text political_parties_and_leaders new_caledonia "white-dominated Rassemblement pour la Caledonie dans la Republique (RPCR), conservative, Jacques LAFLEUR, president - affiliated to France's Rassemblement pour la Republique (RPR; also called South Province Party); Melanesian proindependence Kanaka Socialist National Liberation Front (FLNKS), Paul NEAOUTYINE; Melanesian moderate Kanak Socialist Liberation (LKS), Nidoish NAISSELINE; National Front (FN), extreme right, Guy GEORGE; Caledonie Demain (CD), right-wing, Bernard MARANT; Union Oceanienne (UO), conservative, Michel HEMA; Front Uni de Liberation Kanak (FULK), proindependence, Clarence UREGEI; Union Caledonian (UC), Francois BURCK, president; \"1999\" (new party calling for an autonomous state), Philippe PENTECOST" );; line 80824 (wfb::source-text member_of new_caledonia "ESCAP (associate), FZ, ICFTU, SPC, WFTU, WMO" );; line 80837 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us new_caledonia "none (overseas territory of France)" );; line 80841 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation new_caledonia "none (overseas territory of France)" );; line 80845 (wfb::source-text flag new_caledonia "the flag of France is used" );; line 80849 (wfb::source-text overview new_caledonia "New Caledonia has more than 25% of the world's known nickel resources. In recent years the economy has suffered because of depressed international demand for nickel, the principal source of export earnings. Only a negligible amount of the land is suitable for cultivation, and food accounts for about 25% of imports." );; line 80854 (wfb::source-text national_product new_caledonia "GDP - purchasing power parity - $1 billion (1991 est.)" );; line 80862 (wfb::source-text national_product_real_growth_rate new_caledonia "2.4% (1988)" );; line 80866 (wfb::source-text national_product_per_capita new_caledonia "$6,000 (1991 est.)" );; line 80870 (wfb::source-text |Inflation rate (consumer prices)| new_caledonia "1.4% (1990)" );; line 80874 (wfb::source-text unemployment_rate new_caledonia "16% (1989)" );; line 80878 (wfb::source-text budget new_caledonia revenues "$224 million" );; line 80883 (wfb::source-text budget new_caledonia expenditures "$211 million, including capital expenditures of $NA (1985 est.)" );; line 80885 (wfb::source-text exports new_caledonia "$671 million (f.o.b., 1989)" );; line 80889 (wfb::source-text exports new_caledonia commodities "nickel metal 87%, nickel ore" );; line 80891 (wfb::source-text exports new_caledonia partners "France 32%, Japan 23.5%, US 3.6%" );; line 80893 (wfb::source-text imports new_caledonia "$764 million (c.i.f., 1989)" );; line 80897 (wfb::source-text imports new_caledonia commodities "foods, fuels, minerals, machines, electrical equipment" );; line 80899 (wfb::source-text imports new_caledonia partners "France 44.0%, US 10%, Australia 9%" );; line 80901 (wfb::source-text external_debt new_caledonia "$NA" );; line 80905 (wfb::source-text industrial_production new_caledonia "growth rate NA%" );; line 80909 (wfb::source-text electricity new_caledonia capacity "250,000 kW" );; line 80914 (wfb::source-text electricity new_caledonia production "1.2 billion kWh" );; line 80916 (wfb::source-text electricity new_caledonia consumption_per_capita "6,178 kWh (1993)" );; line 80918 (wfb::source-text industry new_caledonia "nickel mining and smelting" );; line 80922 (wfb::source-text agriculture new_caledonia "large areas devoted to cattle grazing; coffee, corn, wheat, vegetables; 60% self-sufficient in beef" );; line 80926 (wfb::source-text illicit_drugs new_caledonia "illicit cannabis cultivation is becoming a principal source of income for some families" );; line 80931 (wfb::source-text economic_aid new_caledonia recipient "Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-89), $4.185 billion" );; line 80937 (wfb::source-text currency new_caledonia "1 CFP franc (CFPF) = 100 centimes" );; line 80942 (wfb::source-text exchange_rates new_caledonia "Comptoirs Francais du Pacifique francs (CFPF) per US$1 - 96.25 (January 1995), 100.93 (1994), 102.96 (1993), 96.24 (1992), 102.57 (1991), 99.00 (1990); note - linked at the rate of 18.18 to the French franc" );; line 80946 (wfb::source-text fiscal_year new_caledonia "calendar year" );; line 80952 (wfb::source-text railroads new_caledonia "0 km" );; line 80957 (wfb::source-text highways new_caledonia total "6,340 km" );; line 80962 (wfb::source-text highways new_caledonia paved "634 km" );; line 80964 (wfb::source-text highways new_caledonia unpaved "5,706 km (1987)" );; line 80966 (wfb::source-text port new_caledonia "Mueo, Noumea, Thio" );; line 80970 (wfb::source-text merchant_marine new_caledonia total "1 roll-on/roll-off ship (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 3,079 GRT/724 DWT" );; line 80975 (wfb::source-text airports new_caledonia total "36" );; line 80981 (wfb::source-text airports new_caledonia |with paved runways over 3,047 m| "1" );; line 80983 (wfb::source-text airports new_caledonia |with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m| "3" );; line 80985 (wfb::source-text airports new_caledonia with_paved_runways_under_914_m "19" );; line 80987 (wfb::source-text airports new_caledonia |with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m| "13" );; line 80989 (wfb::source-text telephone_system new_caledonia "32,578 telephones (1987)" );; line 80994 (wfb::source-text telephone_system new_caledonia local "NA" );; line 80996 (wfb::source-text telephone_system new_caledonia intercity "NA" );; line 80998 (wfb::source-text telephone_system new_caledonia international "1 INTELSAT (Pacific Ocean) satellite link" );; line 81000 (wfb::source-text radio new_caledonia broadcast_stations "AM 5, FM 3, shortwave 0" );; line 81005 (wfb::source-text radio new_caledonia radios "NA" );; line 81007 (wfb::source-text television new_caledonia broadcast_stations "7" );; line 81012 (wfb::source-text television new_caledonia televisions "NA" );; line 81014 (wfb::source-text defense_branch new_caledonia "French Armed Forces (Army, Navy, Air Force, Gendarmerie); Police Force" );; line 81020 (wfb::source-text defense_expenditures new_caledonia "$NA, NA% of GDP" );; line 81025 (wfb::source-text note new_caledonia "defense is the responsibility of France" );; line 81029 (wfb::source-text location new_zealand "Oceania, islands in the South Pacific Ocean, southeast of Australia" );; line 81039 (wfb::source-text map_references new_zealand "Oceania" );; line 81044 (wfb::source-text area new_zealand total_area "268,680 sq km" );; line 81049 (wfb::source-text area new_zealand land_area "268,670 sq km" );; line 81051 (wfb::source-text area new_zealand comparative_area "about the size of Colorado" );; line 81053 (wfb::source-text borders new_zealand "0 km" );; line 81060 (wfb::source-text coastline new_zealand "15,134 km" );; line 81064 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims new_zealand continental_shelf "200 nm or to the edge of the continental margin" );; line 81069 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims new_zealand exclusive_economic_zone "200 nm" );; line 81071 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims new_zealand territorial_sea "12 nm" );; line 81073 (wfb::source-text international_disputes new_zealand "territorial claim in Antarctica (Ross Dependency)" );; line 81077 (wfb::source-text climate new_zealand "temperate with sharp regional contrasts" );; line 81081 (wfb::source-text terrain new_zealand "predominately mountainous with some large coastal plains" );; line 81085 (wfb::source-text natural-resource new_zealand "natural gas, iron ore, sand, coal, timber, hydropower, gold, limestone" );; line 81089 (wfb::source-text land_use new_zealand arable_land "2%" );; line 81095 (wfb::source-text land_use new_zealand permanent_crops "0%" );; line 81097 (wfb::source-text land_use new_zealand meadows_and_pastures "53%" );; line 81099 (wfb::source-text land_use new_zealand forest_and_woodland "38%" );; line 81101 (wfb::source-text land_use new_zealand other "7%" );; line 81103 (wfb::source-text irrigated_land new_zealand "2,800 sq km (1989 est.)" );; line 81107 (wfb::source-text environment new_zealand current_issues "deforestation; soil erosion; native flora and fauna hard-hit by species introduced from outside" );; line 81112 (wfb::source-text environment new_zealand natural_hazards "earthquakes are common, though usually not severe" );; line 81115 (wfb::source-text environment new_zealand international_agreements "party to - Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Marine Dumping, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Tropical Timber 83, Wetlands, Whaling; signed, but not ratified - Law of the Sea, Marine Life Conservation" );; line 81117 (wfb::source-text note new_zealand "about 80% of the population lives in cities" );; line 81125 (wfb::source-text population new_zealand "3,407,277 (July 1995 est.)" );; line 81131 (wfb::source-text age_structure new_zealand 0-14_years "23% (female 381,027; male 401,285)" );; line 81136 (wfb::source-text age_structure new_zealand 15-64_years "65% (female 1,109,402; male 1,111,079)" );; line 81138 (wfb::source-text age_structure new_zealand 65_years_and_over "12% (female 234,339; male 170,145) (July 1995 est.)" );; line 81140 (wfb::source-text population_growth_rate new_zealand "0.52% (1995 est.)" );; line 81144 (wfb::source-text birth_rate new_zealand "15.14 births/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 81148 (wfb::source-text death_rate new_zealand "8.03 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 81152 (wfb::source-text net_migration_rate new_zealand "-1.87 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 81156 (wfb::source-text infant_mortality_rate new_zealand "8.6 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.)" );; line 81160 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth new_zealand total_population "76.65 years" );; line 81165 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth new_zealand male "73.08 years" );; line 81167 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth new_zealand female "80.42 years (1995 est.)" );; line 81169 (wfb::source-text total_fertility_rate new_zealand "1.99 children born/woman (1995 est.)" );; line 81173 (wfb::source-text nationality new_zealand noun "New Zealander(s)" );; line 81178 (wfb::source-text nationality new_zealand adjective "New Zealand" );; line 81180 (wfb::source-text ethnic-entity new_zealand "European 88%, Maori 8.9%, Pacific Islander 2.9%, other 0.2%" );; line 81184 (wfb::source-text religion new_zealand "Anglican 24%, Presbyterian 18%, Roman Catholic 15%, Methodist 5%, Baptist 2%, other Protestant 3%, unspecified or none 33% (1986)" );; line 81188 (wfb::source-text language new_zealand "English (official), Maori" );; line 81193 (wfb::source-text literacy new_zealand "age 15 and over can read and write (1980 est.)" );; line 81197 (wfb::source-text literacy new_zealand total_population "99%" );; line 81199 (wfb::source-text total_labor_force new_zealand "1,603,500 (June 1991)" );; line 81203 (wfb::source-text labor_force_by_occupation new_zealand by_occupation "services 66.6%, industry 22.6%, agriculture 10.8% (1992)" );; line 81205 (wfb::source-text names new_zealand conventional_long_form "none" );; line 81211 (wfb::source-text names new_zealand conventional_short_form "New Zealand" );; line 81213 (wfb::source-text abbreviation new_zealand "NZ" );; line 81217 (wfb::source-text digraph new_zealand "NZ" );; line 81221 (wfb::source-text type new_zealand "parliamentary democracy" );; line 81225 (wfb::source-text capital new_zealand "Wellington" );; line 81229 (wfb::source-text administrative_divisions new_zealand "93 counties, 9 districts*, and 3 town districts**; Akaroa, Amuri, Ashburton, Bay of Islands, Bruce, Buller, Chatham Islands, Cheviot, Clifton, Clutha, Cook, Dannevirke, Egmont, Eketahuna, Ellesmere, Eltham, Eyre, Featherston, Franklin, Golden Bay, Great Barrier Island, Grey, Hauraki Plains, Hawera*, Hawke's Bay, Heathcote, Hikurangi**, Hobson, Hokianga, Horowhenua, Hurunui, Hutt, Inangahua, Inglewood, Kaikoura, Kairanga, Kiwitea, Lake, Mackenzie, Malvern, Manaia**, Manawatu, Mangonui, Maniototo, Marlborough, Masterton, Matamata, Mount Herbert, Ohinemuri, Opotiki, Oroua, Otamatea, Otorohanga*, Oxford, Pahiatua, Paparua, Patea, Piako, Pohangina, Raglan, Rangiora*, Rangitikei, Rodney, Rotorua*, Runanga, Saint Kilda, Silverpeaks, Southland, Stewart Island, Stratford, Strathallan, Taranaki, Taumarunui, Taupo, Tauranga, Thames-Coromandel*, Tuapeka, Vincent, Waiapu, Waiheke, Waihemo, Waikato, Waikohu, Waimairi, Waimarino, Waimate, Waimate West, Waimea, Waipa, Waipawa*, Waipukurau*, Wairarapa South, Wairewa, Wairoa, Waitaki, Waitomo*, Waitotara, Wallace, Wanganui, Waverley**, Westland, Whakatane*, Whangarei, Whangaroa, Woodville" );; line 81233 (wfb::source-text dependent_areas new_zealand "Cook Islands, Niue, Tokelau" );; line 81267 (wfb::source-text independence new_zealand "26 September 1907 (from UK)" );; line 81271 (wfb::source-text national_holiday new_zealand "Waitangi Day, 6 February (1840) (Treaty of Waitangi established British sovereignty)" );; line 81275 (wfb::source-text constitution new_zealand "no formal, written constitution; consists of various documents, including certain acts of the UK and New Zealand Parliaments; Constitution Act 1986 was to have come into force 1 January 1987, but has not been enacted" );; line 81280 (wfb::source-text legal_system new_zealand "based on English law, with special land legislation and land courts for Maoris; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations" );; line 81286 (wfb::source-text suffrage new_zealand "18 years of age; universal" );; line 81291 (wfb::source-text executive_branch new_zealand chief_of_state "Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952), represented by Governor General Dame Catherine TIZARD (since 12 December 1990)" );; line 81296 (wfb::source-text executive_branch new_zealand head_of_government "Prime Minister James BOLGER (since 29 October 1990); Deputy Prime Minister Donald McKINNON (since 2 November 1990)" );; line 81299 (wfb::source-text executive_branch new_zealand cabinet "Executive Council; appointed by the governor general on recommendation of the prime minister" );; line 81302 (wfb::source-text legislative_structure new_zealand "unicameral" );; line 81307 (wfb::source-text legislative_branch new_zealand house_of_representatives "(commonly called Parliament) elections last held 6 November 1993 (next to be held NA November 1996); results - NP 35.2%, NZLP 34.7%, Alliance 18.3%, New Zealand First 8.3%; seats - (99 total) NP 50, NZLP 45, Alliance 2, New Zealand First Party 2" );; line 81309 (wfb::source-text judicial_branch new_zealand "High Court, Court of Appeal" );; line 81316 (wfb::source-text political_parties_and_leaders new_zealand "National Party (NP, government), James BOLGER; New Zealand Labor Party (NZLP, opposition), Helen CLARK; Alliance, Sandra LEE; Democratic Party, Dick RYAN; New Zealand Liberal Party, Hanmish MACINTYRE and Gilbert MYLES; Green Party, no official leader; Mana Motuhake, Martin RATA; Socialist Unity Party (SUP, pro-Soviet), Kenneth DOUGLAS; New Zealand First, Winston PETERS" );; line 81320 (wfb::source-text member_of new_zealand "ANZUS (US suspended security obligations to NZ on 11 August 1986), APEC, AsDB, Australia Group, C, CCC, CP, EBRD, ESCAP, FAO, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, INMARSAT, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, IOM (observer), ISO, ITU, MTCR, NAM (guest), OECD, PCA, SPARTECA, SPC, SPF, UN, UNAVEM II, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNOSOM, UNPROFOR, UNTSO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO" );; line 81333 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us new_zealand chief_of_mission "Ambassador Lionel John WOOD" );; line 81343 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us new_zealand chancery "37 Observatory Circle NW, Washington, DC 20008" );; line 81345 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us new_zealand telephone "[1] (202) 328-4800" );; line 81347 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us new_zealand |consulate(s) general| "Apia (Western Samoa), Los Angeles" );; line 81349 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation new_zealand chief_of_mission "Ambassador Josiah Horton BEEMAN" );; line 81354 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation new_zealand embassy "29 Fitzherbert Terrace, Thorndon, Wellington" );; line 81356 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation new_zealand mailing_address "P. O. Box 1190, Wellington; PSC 467, Box 1, FPO AP 96531-1001" );; line 81358 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation new_zealand telephone "[64] (4) 472-2068" );; line 81360 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation new_zealand fax "[64] (4) 472-3537" );; line 81362 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation new_zealand |consulate(s) general| "Auckland" );; line 81364 (wfb::source-text flag new_zealand "blue with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side quadrant with four red five-pointed stars edged in white centered in the outer half of the flag; the stars represent the Southern Cross constellation" );; line 81368 (wfb::source-text overview new_zealand "Since 1984 the government has been reorienting an agrarian economy dependent on a guaranteed British market to a more industrialized, open free market economy that can compete on the global scene. The government has hoped that dynamic growth would boost real incomes, broaden and deepen the technological capabilities of the industrial sector, reduce inflationary pressures, and permit the expansion of welfare benefits. The initial results were mixed: inflation is down from double-digit levels, but growth was sluggish in 1988-91. In 1992-93, growth picked up to 3% annually, a sign that the new economic approach was beginning to pay off. Business confidence strengthened in 1994, and export demand picked up in the Asia-Pacific region, resulting in 6.2% growth. Inflation remains among the lowest in the industrial world." );; line 81375 (wfb::source-text national_product new_zealand "GDP - purchasing power parity - $56.4 billion (1994 est.)" );; line 81389 (wfb::source-text national_product_real_growth_rate new_zealand "6.2% (1994)" );; line 81393 (wfb::source-text national_product_per_capita new_zealand "$16,640 (1994 est.)" );; line 81397 (wfb::source-text |Inflation rate (consumer prices)| new_zealand "1.6% (FY93/94)" );; line 81401 (wfb::source-text unemployment_rate new_zealand "7.5% (December 1994)" );; line 81405 (wfb::source-text budget new_zealand revenues "$18.94 billion" );; line 81410 (wfb::source-text budget new_zealand expenditures "$18.82 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA (FY94/95)" );; line 81412 (wfb::source-text exports new_zealand "$11.2 billion (1994)" );; line 81418 (wfb::source-text exports new_zealand commodities "wool, lamb, mutton, beef, fish, cheese, chemicals, forestry products, fruits and vegetables, manufactures" );; line 81420 (wfb::source-text exports new_zealand partners "Australia 20%, Japan 15%, US 12%, UK 6%" );; line 81423 (wfb::source-text imports new_zealand "$10.4 billion (1994)" );; line 81427 (wfb::source-text imports new_zealand commodities "machinery and equipment, vehicles and aircraft, petroleum, consumer goods" );; line 81429 (wfb::source-text imports new_zealand partners "Australia 21%, US 18%, Japan 16%, UK 6%" );; line 81432 (wfb::source-text external_debt new_zealand "$38.5 billion (September 1994)" );; line 81436 (wfb::source-text industrial_production new_zealand "growth rate 1.9% (1990); accounts for about 20% of GDP" );; line 81440 (wfb::source-text electricity new_zealand capacity "7,520,000 kW" );; line 81445 (wfb::source-text electricity new_zealand production "30.5 billion kWh" );; line 81447 (wfb::source-text electricity new_zealand consumption_per_capita "8,401 kWh (1993)" );; line 81449 (wfb::source-text industry new_zealand "food processing, wood and paper products, textiles, machinery, transportation equipment, banking and insurance, tourism, mining" );; line 81453 (wfb::source-text agriculture new_zealand "accounts for about 9% of GDP and about 11% of the work force; livestock predominates - wool, meat, dairy products all export earners; crops - wheat, barley, potatoes, pulses, fruits, vegetables; surplus producer of farm products; fish catch reached a record 503,000 metric tons in 1988" );; line 81458 (wfb::source-text economic_aid new_zealand donor "ODA and OOF commitments (1970-89), $526 million" );; line 81466 (wfb::source-text currency new_zealand "1 New Zealand dollar (NZ$) = 100 cents" );; line 81470 (wfb::source-text exchange_rates new_zealand "New Zealand dollars (NZ$) per US$1 - 1.5601 (January 1995), 1.6844 (1994), 1.8495 (1993), 1.8584 (1992), 1.7265 (1991), 1.6750 (1990)" );; line 81474 (wfb::source-text fiscal_year new_zealand "1 July - 30 June" );; line 81479 (wfb::source-text railroads new_zealand total "4,716 km" );; line 81485 (wfb::source-text railroads new_zealand narrow_gauge "4,716 km 1.067-m gauge (113 km electrified; 274 km double track)" );; line 81487 (wfb::source-text highways new_zealand total "92,648 km" );; line 81492 (wfb::source-text highways new_zealand paved "49,547 km" );; line 81494 (wfb::source-text highways new_zealand unpaved "gravel, crushed stone 43,101 km" );; line 81496 (wfb::source-text inland_waterways new_zealand "1,609 km; of little importance to transportation" );; line 81500 (wfb::source-text pipelines new_zealand "petroleum products 160 km; natural gas 1,000 km; condensate (liquified petroleum gas - LPG) 150 km" );; line 81504 (wfb::source-text port new_zealand "Auckland, Christchurch, Dunedin, Tauranga, Wellington" );; line 81509 (wfb::source-text merchant_marine new_zealand total "18 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 165,504 GRT/218,699 DWT" );; line 81514 (wfb::source-text merchant_marine new_zealand ships_by_type "bulk 6, cargo 2, liquefied gas tanker 1, oil tanker 3, railcar carrier 1, roll-on/roll-off cargo 5" );; line 81516 (wfb::source-text airports new_zealand total "102" );; line 81522 (wfb::source-text airports new_zealand |with paved runways over 3,047 m| "2" );; line 81524 (wfb::source-text airports new_zealand |with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m| "8" );; line 81526 (wfb::source-text airports new_zealand |with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m| "28" );; line 81528 (wfb::source-text airports new_zealand with_paved_runways_under_914_m "41" );; line 81530 (wfb::source-text airports new_zealand |with unpaved runways 1,524 to 2,438 m| "2" );; line 81532 (wfb::source-text airports new_zealand |with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m| "21" );; line 81534 (wfb::source-text telephone_system new_zealand "2,110,000 telephones; excellent international and domestic systems" );; line 81539 (wfb::source-text telephone_system new_zealand local "NA" );; line 81542 (wfb::source-text telephone_system new_zealand intercity "NA" );; line 81544 (wfb::source-text telephone_system new_zealand international "submarine cables extend to Australia and Fiji; 2 INTELSAT (Pacific Ocean) earth stations" );; line 81546 (wfb::source-text radio new_zealand broadcast_stations "AM 64, FM 2, shortwave 0" );; line 81552 (wfb::source-text radio new_zealand radios "NA" );; line 81554 (wfb::source-text television new_zealand broadcast_stations "14" );; line 81559 (wfb::source-text television new_zealand televisions "NA" );; line 81561 (wfb::source-text defense_branch new_zealand "New Zealand Army, Royal New Zealand Navy, Royal New Zealand Air Force" );; line 81567 (wfb::source-text manpower_availability new_zealand "males age 15-49 883,668; males fit for military service 742,871; males reach military age (20) annually 27,162 (1995 est.)" );; line 81572 (wfb::source-text defense_expenditures new_zealand "exchange rate conversion - $792 million, 2% of GDP (FY90/91)" );; line 81577 (wfb::source-text location nicaragua "Middle America, bordering both the Caribbean Sea and the North Pacific Ocean, between Costa Rica and Honduras" );; line 81587 (wfb::source-text map_references nicaragua "Central America and the Caribbean" );; line 81592 (wfb::source-text area nicaragua total_area "129,494 sq km" );; line 81597 (wfb::source-text area nicaragua land_area "120,254 sq km" );; line 81599 (wfb::source-text area nicaragua comparative_area "slightly larger than New York State" );; line 81601 (wfb::source-text borders nicaragua "total 1,231 km, Costa Rica 309 km, Honduras 922 km" );; line 81605 (wfb::source-text coastline nicaragua "910 km" );; line 81609 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims nicaragua contiguous_zone "25-nm security zone" );; line 81614 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims nicaragua continental_shelf "natural prolongation" );; line 81616 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims nicaragua territorial_sea "200 nm" );; line 81618 (wfb::source-text international_disputes nicaragua "territorial disputes with Colombia over the Archipelago de San Andres y Providencia and Quita Sueno Bank; with respect to the maritime boundary question in the Golfo de Fonseca, the International Court of Justice (ICJ) referred the disputants to an earlier agreement in this century and advised that some tripartite resolution among El Salvador, Honduras, and Nicaragua likely would be required" );; line 81622 (wfb::source-text climate nicaragua "tropical in lowlands, cooler in highlands" );; line 81631 (wfb::source-text terrain nicaragua "extensive Atlantic coastal plains rising to central interior mountains; narrow Pacific coastal plain interrupted by volcanoes" );; line 81635 (wfb::source-text natural-resource nicaragua "gold, silver, copper, tungsten, lead, zinc, timber, fish" );; line 81640 (wfb::source-text land_use nicaragua arable_land "9%" );; line 81645 (wfb::source-text land_use nicaragua permanent_crops "1%" );; line 81647 (wfb::source-text land_use nicaragua meadows_and_pastures "43%" );; line 81649 (wfb::source-text land_use nicaragua forest_and_woodland "35%" );; line 81651 (wfb::source-text land_use nicaragua other "12%" );; line 81653 (wfb::source-text irrigated_land nicaragua "850 sq km (1989 est.)" );; line 81657 (wfb::source-text environment nicaragua current_issues "deforestation; soil erosion; water pollution" );; line 81662 (wfb::source-text environment nicaragua natural_hazards "destructive earthquakes, volcanoes, landslides, and occasionally severe hurricanes" );; line 81664 (wfb::source-text environment nicaragua international_agreements "party to - Endangered Species, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection; signed, but not ratified - Biodiversity, Climate Change, Environmental Modification, Law of the Sea" );; line 81667 (wfb::source-text population nicaragua "4,206,353 (July 1995 est.)" );; line 81675 (wfb::source-text age_structure nicaragua 0-14_years "44% (female 921,356; male 930,594)" );; line 81680 (wfb::source-text age_structure nicaragua 15-64_years "53% (female 1,146,485; male 1,097,811)" );; line 81682 (wfb::source-text age_structure nicaragua 65_years_and_over "3% (female 62,607; male 47,500) (July 1995 est.)" );; line 81684 (wfb::source-text population_growth_rate nicaragua "2.61% (1995 est.)" );; line 81688 (wfb::source-text birth_rate nicaragua "33.73 births/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 81692 (wfb::source-text death_rate nicaragua "6.45 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 81696 (wfb::source-text net_migration_rate nicaragua "-1.19 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 81700 (wfb::source-text infant_mortality_rate nicaragua "50.3 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.)" );; line 81704 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth nicaragua total_population "64.54 years" );; line 81709 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth nicaragua male "61.67 years" );; line 81711 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth nicaragua female "67.53 years (1995 est.)" );; line 81713 (wfb::source-text total_fertility_rate nicaragua "4.17 children born/woman (1995 est.)" );; line 81717 (wfb::source-text nationality nicaragua noun "Nicaraguan(s)" );; line 81722 (wfb::source-text nationality nicaragua adjective "Nicaraguan" );; line 81724 (wfb::source-text ethnic-entity nicaragua "mestizo (mixed Amerindian and Caucasian) 69%, white 17%, black 9%, Indian 5%" );; line 81728 (wfb::source-text religion nicaragua "Roman Catholic 95%, Protestant 5%" );; line 81733 (wfb::source-text language nicaragua "Spanish (official)" );; line 81737 (wfb::source-text literacy nicaragua "age 15 and over can read and write (1971)" );; line 81743 (wfb::source-text literacy nicaragua total_population "57%" );; line 81745 (wfb::source-text literacy nicaragua male "57%" );; line 81747 (wfb::source-text literacy nicaragua female "57%" );; line 81749 (wfb::source-text total_labor_force nicaragua "1.086 million" );; line 81753 (wfb::source-text labor_force_by_occupation nicaragua by_occupation "services 43%, agriculture 44%, industry 13% (1986)" );; line 81755 (wfb::source-text names nicaragua conventional_long_form "Republic of Nicaragua" );; line 81761 (wfb::source-text names nicaragua conventional_short_form "Nicaragua" );; line 81763 (wfb::source-text names nicaragua local_long_form "Republica de Nicaragua" );; line 81765 (wfb::source-text names nicaragua local_short_form "Nicaragua" );; line 81767 (wfb::source-text digraph nicaragua "NU" );; line 81771 (wfb::source-text type nicaragua "republic" );; line 81775 (wfb::source-text capital nicaragua "Managua" );; line 81779 (wfb::source-text administrative_divisions nicaragua "16 departments (departamentos, singular - departamento); Boaco, Carazo, Chinandega, Chontales, Esteli, Granada, Jinotega, Leon, Madriz, Managua, Masaya, Matagalpa, Nueva Segovia, Rio San Juan, Rivas, Zelaya" );; line 81783 (wfb::source-text independence nicaragua "15 September 1821 (from Spain)" );; line 81789 (wfb::source-text national_holiday nicaragua "Independence Day, 15 September (1821)" );; line 81793 (wfb::source-text constitution nicaragua "9 January 1987" );; line 81797 (wfb::source-text legal_system nicaragua "civil law system; Supreme Court may review administrative acts" );; line 81801 (wfb::source-text suffrage nicaragua "16 years of age; universal" );; line 81805 (wfb::source-text executive_branch nicaragua chief_of_state_and_head_of_government "President Violeta Barrios de CHAMORRO (since 25 April 1990); Vice President Virgilio GODOY Reyes (since 25 April 1990); election last held 25 February 1990 (next to be held November 1996); results - Violeta Barrios de CHAMORRO (UNO) 54.7%, Daniel ORTEGA Saavedra (FSLN) 40.8%, other 4.5%" );; line 81810 (wfb::source-text executive_branch nicaragua cabinet "Cabinet" );; line 81815 (wfb::source-text legislative_structure nicaragua "unicameral" );; line 81819 (wfb::source-text legislative_branch nicaragua |National Assembly (Asamblea Nacional)| "elections last held 25 February 1990 (next to be held November 1996); results - UNO 53.9%, FSLN 40.8%, PSC 1.6%, MUR 1.0%; seats - (92 total) UNO 41, FSLN 39, \"Centrist\" (Dissident UNO) 12" );; line 81821 (wfb::source-text judicial_branch nicaragua "Supreme Court (Corte Suprema)" );; line 81827 (wfb::source-text political_parties_and_leaders nicaragua far_right "Liberal Constitutionalist Party* (PLC), Arnold ALEMAN; Conservative Popular Alliance Party (APC), Myriam ARGUELLO; Central American Unionist Party (PUCA), Blanca ROJAS Echaverry; Independent Liberal Party for National Unity (PLUIN), Alfonso MOCADO Guillen; Conservative Party of Nicaragua (PCN - formed in 1992 by the merger of the Conservative Social Party (PSC) with the Democratic Conservative Party (PCD) and PCL, the Conservative party of Labor), Fernando AGUERO; National Justice Party (PJN), Jorge DIAZ Cruz; National Conservative Party* (PNC), Adolfo CALERO" );; line 81832 (wfb::source-text political_parties_and_leaders nicaragua center_right "Neoliberal Party* (PALI), Adolfo GARCIA Esquivel; National Action Party* (PAN), Delvis MONTIEL; Independent Liberal Party* (PLI), Wilfredo NAVARRO" );; line 81841 (wfb::source-text political_parties_and_leaders nicaragua center_left "Christian Democratic Union (UDC), Luis Humberto GUZMAN; Nicaraguan Democratic Movement (MDN), Roberto URROZ; Social Democratic Party (PSD), Adolfo JARQUIN; Movement of Revolutionary Unity (MUR), Pablo HERNANDEZ; Sandinista Renovation Movement (MRS), Sergio RAMIREZ; Democratic Action Movement (MAD), Eden PASTORA; Communist Party of Nicaragua* (PCdeN), Eli ALTIMIRANO Perez" );; line 81845 (wfb::source-text political_parties_and_leaders nicaragua far_left "Sandinista National Liberation Front (FSLN), Daniel ORTEGA; Revolutionary Workers' Party (PRT), Bonifacio MIRANDA; Popular Action Movement-Marxist-Leninist (MAP-ML), Isidro TELLEZ; Nicaraguan Socialist Party (PSN), Gustavo TABLADA; Unidad Nicaraguense de Obreros, Campesinos, y Profesionales (UNOCP), Rosalio GONZALEZ Urbina" );; line 81852 (wfb::source-text other_political_or_pressure_groups nicaragua "National Workers Front (FNT) is a Sandinista umbrella group of eight labor unions: Sandinista Workers' Central (CST); Farm Workers Association (ATC); Health Workers Federation (FETASALUD); National Union of Employees (UNE); National Association of Educators of Nicaragua (ANDEN); Union of Journalists of Nicaragua (UPN); Heroes and Martyrs Confederation of Professional Associations (CONAPRO); and the National Union of Farmers and Ranchers (UNAG); Permanent Congress of Workers (CPT) is an umbrella group of four non-Sandinista labor unions: Confederation of Labor Unification (CUS); Autonomous Nicaraguan Workers' Central (CTN-A); Independent General Confederation of Labor (CGT-I); and Labor Action and Unity Central (CAUS); Nicaraguan Workers' Central (CTN) is an independent labor union; Superior Council of Private Enterprise (COSEP) is a confederation of business groups" );; line 81864 (wfb::source-text member_of nicaragua "BCIE, CACM, ECLAC, FAO, G-77, GATT, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, IOM, ITU, LAES, LAIA (observer), NAM, OAS, OPANAL, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO" );; line 81879 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us nicaragua chief_of_mission "Ambassador Roberto Genaro MAYORGA Cortes" );; line 81887 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us nicaragua chancery "1627 New Hampshire Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20009" );; line 81889 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us nicaragua telephone "[1] (202) 939-6570" );; line 81891 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us nicaragua |consulate(s) general| "Houston, Los Angeles, Miami, New Orleans, New York, San Francisco" );; line 81893 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation nicaragua chief_of_mission "Ambassador John F. MAISTO" );; line 81899 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation nicaragua embassy "Kilometer 4.5 Carretera Sur., Managua" );; line 81901 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation nicaragua mailing_address "APO AA 34021" );; line 81903 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation nicaragua telephone "[505] (2) 666010, 666013, 666015 through 18, 666026, 666027, 666032 through 34" );; line 81905 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation nicaragua fax "[505] (2) 666046" );; line 81908 (wfb::source-text flag nicaragua "three equal horizontal bands of blue (top), white, and blue with the national coat of arms centered in the white band; the coat of arms features a triangle encircled by the words REPUBLICA DE NICARAGUA on the top and AMERICA CENTRAL on the bottom; similar to the flag of El Salvador, which features a round emblem encircled by the words REPUBLICA DE EL SALVADOR EN LA AMERICA CENTRAL centered in the white band; also similar to the flag of Honduras, which has five blue stars arranged in an X pattern centered in the white band" );; line 81912 (wfb::source-text overview nicaragua "Since March 1991, when President CHAMORRO began an ambitious economic stabilization program, Nicaragua has had considerable success in reducing inflation and obtaining substantial economic aid from abroad. Annual inflation fell from more than 750% in 1991 to less than 5% in 1992. Inflation rose again to an estimated 20% in 1993, although this increase was due almost entirely to a large currency devaluation in January. As of early 1994, the government was close to finalizing an enhanced structural adjustment facility with the IMF, after the previous standby facility expired in early 1993. Despite these successes, achieving overall economic growth in an economy scarred by misguided economic values and civil war during the 1980s has proved elusive. Economic growth was flat in 1992 and slightly negative in 1993. Nicaragua's per capita foreign debt is one of the highest in the world; nonetheless, as of late 1993, Nicaragua was current on its post-1988 debt as well as on payments to the international financial institutions. Definition of property rights remains a problem; ownership disputes over large tracts of land, businesses, and homes confiscated by the previous government have yet to be resolved. A rise in exports of coffee and other products led growth in 1994." );; line 81924 (wfb::source-text national_product nicaragua "GDP - purchasing power parity - $6.4 billion (1994 est.)" );; line 81944 (wfb::source-text national_product_real_growth_rate nicaragua "3.2% (1994 est.)" );; line 81948 (wfb::source-text national_product_per_capita nicaragua "$1,570 (1994 est.)" );; line 81952 (wfb::source-text |Inflation rate (consumer prices)| nicaragua "19.5% (1994 est.)" );; line 81956 (wfb::source-text unemployment_rate nicaragua "21.8%; underemployment 50% (1993)" );; line 81960 (wfb::source-text budget nicaragua revenues "$375 million (1992)" );; line 81965 (wfb::source-text budget nicaragua expenditures "$410 million (1992), including capital expenditures of $115 million (1991 est.)" );; line 81967 (wfb::source-text exports nicaragua "$329 million (f.o.b., 1994 est.)" );; line 81972 (wfb::source-text exports nicaragua commodities "meat, coffee, cotton, sugar, seafood, gold, bananas" );; line 81974 (wfb::source-text exports nicaragua partners "US, Central America, Canada, Germany" );; line 81976 (wfb::source-text imports nicaragua "$786 million (c.i.f., 1994 est.)" );; line 81980 (wfb::source-text imports nicaragua commodities "consumer goods, machinery and equipment, petroleum products" );; line 81982 (wfb::source-text imports nicaragua partners "Central America, US, Venezuela, Japan" );; line 81984 (wfb::source-text external_debt nicaragua "$11 billion (1993)" );; line 81988 (wfb::source-text industrial_production nicaragua "growth rate -0.8% (1993 est.); accounts for 26% of GDP" );; line 81992 (wfb::source-text electricity nicaragua capacity "460,000 kW" );; line 81997 (wfb::source-text electricity nicaragua production "1.6 billion kWh" );; line 81999 (wfb::source-text electricity nicaragua consumption_per_capita "376 kWh (1993)" );; line 82001 (wfb::source-text industry nicaragua "food processing, chemicals, metal products, textiles, clothing, petroleum refining and distribution, beverages, footwear" );; line 82005 (wfb::source-text agriculture nicaragua "crops account for about 15% of GDP; export crops - coffee, bananas, sugarcane, cotton; food crops - rice, corn, cassava, citrus fruit, beans; also produces a variety of animal products - beef, veal, pork, poultry, dairy products; normally self-sufficient in food" );; line 82010 (wfb::source-text illicit_drugs nicaragua "transshipment point for cocaine destined for the US" );; line 82017 (wfb::source-text economic_aid nicaragua recipient "US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-92), $620 million; Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-89), $1.381 billion" );; line 82022 (wfb::source-text currency nicaragua "1 gold cordoba (C$) = 100 centavos" );; line 82028 (wfb::source-text exchange_rates nicaragua "gold cordobas (C$) per US$1 - 7.08 (December 1994), 6.72 (1994), 5.62 (1993), 5.00 (1992); note - gold cordoba replaced cordoba as Nicaragua's currency in 1991 (exchange rate of old cordoba had reached per US$1 - 25,000,000 by March 1992)" );; line 82032 (wfb::source-text fiscal_year nicaragua "calendar year" );; line 82039 (wfb::source-text railroads nicaragua total "376 km; note - majority of system is nonoperational" );; line 82045 (wfb::source-text railroads nicaragua standard_gauge "3 km 1.435-m gauge line at Puerto Cabezas; note - does not connect with mainline" );; line 82047 (wfb::source-text railroads nicaragua narrow_gauge "373 km 1.067-m gauge" );; line 82050 (wfb::source-text highways nicaragua total "15,286 km" );; line 82055 (wfb::source-text highways nicaragua paved "1,598 km" );; line 82057 (wfb::source-text highways nicaragua unpaved "13,688 km" );; line 82059 (wfb::source-text inland_waterways nicaragua "2,220 km, including 2 large lakes" );; line 82066 (wfb::source-text pipelines nicaragua "crude oil 56 km" );; line 82070 (wfb::source-text port nicaragua "Bluefields, Corinto, El Bluff, Puerto Cabezas, Puerto Sandino, Rama, San Juan del Sur" );; line 82074 (wfb::source-text merchant_marine nicaragua "none" );; line 82079 (wfb::source-text airports nicaragua total "198" );; line 82084 (wfb::source-text airports nicaragua |with paved runways over 3,047 m| "1" );; line 82086 (wfb::source-text airports nicaragua |with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m| "1" );; line 82088 (wfb::source-text airports nicaragua |with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m| "3" );; line 82090 (wfb::source-text airports nicaragua |with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m| "3" );; line 82092 (wfb::source-text airports nicaragua with_paved_runways_under_914_m "149" );; line 82094 (wfb::source-text airports nicaragua |with unpaved runways 1,524 to 2,438 m| "2" );; line 82096 (wfb::source-text airports nicaragua |with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m| "39" );; line 82098 (wfb::source-text telephone_system nicaragua "60,000 telephones; low-capacity radio relay and wire system being expanded; connection into Central American Microwave System" );; line 82103 (wfb::source-text telephone_system nicaragua local "NA" );; line 82106 (wfb::source-text telephone_system nicaragua intercity "wire and radio relay" );; line 82108 (wfb::source-text telephone_system nicaragua international "1 Intersputnik and 1 INTELSAT (Atlantic Ocean) earth station" );; line 82110 (wfb::source-text radio nicaragua broadcast_stations "AM 45, FM 0, shortwave 3" );; line 82115 (wfb::source-text radio nicaragua radios "NA" );; line 82117 (wfb::source-text television nicaragua broadcast_stations "7" );; line 82122 (wfb::source-text television nicaragua televisions "NA" );; line 82124 (wfb::source-text defense_branch nicaragua "Ground Forces, Navy, Air Force" );; line 82130 (wfb::source-text manpower_availability nicaragua "males age 15-49 982,345; males fit for military service 604,721; males reach military age (18) annually 47,064 (1995 est.)" );; line 82136 (wfb::source-text defense_expenditures nicaragua "exchange rate conversion - $32 million, 1.7% of GDP (1994), 8.1% of government budget" );; line 82141 (wfb::source-text location niger "Western Africa, southeast of Algeria" );; line 82152 (wfb::source-text map_references niger "Africa" );; line 82156 (wfb::source-text area niger total_area "1.267 million sq km" );; line 82161 (wfb::source-text area niger land_area "1,266,700 sq km" );; line 82163 (wfb::source-text area niger comparative_area "slightly less than twice the size of Texas" );; line 82165 (wfb::source-text borders niger "total 5,697 km, Algeria 956 km, Benin 266 km, Burkina 628 km, Chad 1,175 km, Libya 354 km, Mali 821 km, Nigeria 1,497 km" );; line 82169 (wfb::source-text coastline niger "0 km (landlocked)" );; line 82174 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims niger "none; landlocked" );; line 82178 (wfb::source-text international_disputes niger "Libya claims about 19,400 sq km in northern Niger; demarcation of international boundaries in Lake Chad, the lack of which has led to border incidents in the past, is completed and awaiting ratification by Cameroon, Chad, Niger, and Nigeria; Burkina and Mali are proceeding with boundary demarcation, including the tripoint with Niger" );; line 82182 (wfb::source-text climate niger "desert; mostly hot, dry, dusty; tropical in extreme south" );; line 82190 (wfb::source-text terrain niger "predominately desert plains and sand dunes; flat to rolling plains in south; hills in north" );; line 82194 (wfb::source-text natural-resource niger "uranium, coal, iron ore, tin, phosphates" );; line 82199 (wfb::source-text land_use niger arable_land "3%" );; line 82204 (wfb::source-text land_use niger permanent_crops "0%" );; line 82206 (wfb::source-text land_use niger meadows_and_pastures "7%" );; line 82208 (wfb::source-text land_use niger forest_and_woodland "2%" );; line 82210 (wfb::source-text land_use niger other "88%" );; line 82212 (wfb::source-text irrigated_land niger "320 sq km (1989 est.)" );; line 82216 (wfb::source-text environment niger current_issues "overgrazing; soil erosion; deforestation; desertification; wildlife populations (such as elephant, hippopotamus, and lion) threatened because of poaching and habitat destruction" );; line 82221 (wfb::source-text environment niger natural_hazards "recurring droughts" );; line 82225 (wfb::source-text environment niger international_agreements "party to - Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands; signed, but not ratified - Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Law of the Sea" );; line 82227 (wfb::source-text note niger "landlocked" );; line 82233 (wfb::source-text population niger "9,280,208 (July 1995 est.)" );; line 82239 (wfb::source-text age_structure niger 0-14_years "49% (female 2,275,338; male 2,275,999)" );; line 82244 (wfb::source-text age_structure niger 15-64_years "49% (female 2,314,857; male 2,188,938)" );; line 82246 (wfb::source-text age_structure niger 65_years_and_over "2% (female 107,432; male 117,644) (July 1995 est.)" );; line 82248 (wfb::source-text population_growth_rate niger "3.4% (1995 est.)" );; line 82252 (wfb::source-text birth_rate niger "54.8 births/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 82256 (wfb::source-text death_rate niger "20.8 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 82260 (wfb::source-text net_migration_rate niger "0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 82264 (wfb::source-text infant_mortality_rate niger "109.3 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.)" );; line 82268 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth niger total_population "45.07 years" );; line 82273 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth niger male "43.42 years" );; line 82275 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth niger female "46.77 years (1995 est.)" );; line 82277 (wfb::source-text total_fertility_rate niger "7.35 children born/woman (1995 est.)" );; line 82281 (wfb::source-text nationality niger noun "Nigerien(s)" );; line 82286 (wfb::source-text nationality niger adjective "Nigerien" );; line 82288 (wfb::source-text ethnic-entity niger "Hausa 56%, Djerma 22%, Fula 8.5%, Tuareg 8%, Beri Beri (Kanouri) 4.3%, Arab, Toubou, and Gourmantche 1.2%, about 4,000 French expatriates" );; line 82292 (wfb::source-text religion niger "Muslim 80%, remainder indigenous beliefs and Christians" );; line 82297 (wfb::source-text language niger "French (official), Hausa, Djerma" );; line 82301 (wfb::source-text literacy niger "age 15 and over can read and write (1988)" );; line 82305 (wfb::source-text literacy niger total_population "11%" );; line 82307 (wfb::source-text literacy niger male "17%" );; line 82309 (wfb::source-text literacy niger female "5%" );; line 82311 (wfb::source-text total_labor_force niger "2.5 million wage earners (1982)" );; line 82315 (wfb::source-text labor_force_by_occupation niger by_occupation "agriculture 90%, industry and commerce 6%, government 4%" );; line 82317 (wfb::source-text names niger conventional_long_form "Republic of Niger" );; line 82323 (wfb::source-text names niger conventional_short_form "Niger" );; line 82325 (wfb::source-text names niger local_long_form "Republique du Niger" );; line 82327 (wfb::source-text names niger local_short_form "Niger" );; line 82329 (wfb::source-text digraph niger "NG" );; line 82333 (wfb::source-text type niger "republic" );; line 82337 (wfb::source-text capital niger "Niamey" );; line 82341 (wfb::source-text administrative_divisions niger "7 departments (departements, singular - departement); Agadez, Diffa, Dosso, Maradi, Niamey, Tahoua, Zinder" );; line 82345 (wfb::source-text independence niger "3 August 1960 (from France)" );; line 82350 (wfb::source-text national_holiday niger "Republic Day, 18 December (1958)" );; line 82354 (wfb::source-text constitution niger "approved by national referendum 16 December 1992; promulgated January 1993" );; line 82358 (wfb::source-text legal_system niger "based on French civil law system and customary law; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction" );; line 82363 (wfb::source-text suffrage niger "18 years of age; universal" );; line 82368 (wfb::source-text executive_branch niger chief_of_state "President Mahamane OUSMANE (since 16 April 1993); election last held 17 March 1993 (next to be held NA February 1998)" );; line 82373 (wfb::source-text executive_branch niger head_of_government "Prime Minister Hama AMADOU (since 21 February 1995)" );; line 82376 (wfb::source-text executive_branch niger cabinet "Cabinet; appointed by the president on recommendation of the prime minister" );; line 82378 (wfb::source-text legislative_structure niger "unicameral" );; line 82383 (wfb::source-text legislative_branch niger national_assembly "elected by proportional representation for 5 year terms; elections last held 12 January 1995 (next to be held NA); results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (83 total) MNSD-NASSARA 29, CDS 24, PNDS 12, ANDP-Z 9, UDFP 3, UDPS 2, PADN 2, PPN-RDA 1, UPDP 1" );; line 82385 (wfb::source-text judicial_branch niger "State Court (Cour d'Etat), Court of Appeal (Cour d'Apel)" );; line 82392 (wfb::source-text political_parties_and_leaders niger "National Movement of the Development Society (MNSD-NASSARA), Mamadou TANDJA, chairman; Democratic and Social Convention (CDS), Jacoub SANOUSSI; Nigerien Party for Democracy and Socialism (PNDS), Mahamadou ISSOUFOU; Nigerien Alliance for Democracy and Progress-Zamanlahia (ANDP-Z), Moumouni Adamou DJERMAKOYE; Union of Popular Forces for Democracy and Progress-Sawaba (UDFP), Djibo BAKARY, chairman; Union for Democracy and Social Progress (UDPS), Akoli DAOUEL; Niger Social Democrat Party (PADN), Malam Adji WAZIRI; Niger Progressive Party-African Democratic Rally (PPN-RDA), Dori ABDOULAI, chairman; Union of Patriots, Democrats, and Progressives (UPDP), Professor Andre SALIFOU, chairman" );; line 82396 (wfb::source-text member_of niger "ACCT, ACP, AfDB, CCC, CEAO, ECA, ECOWAS, Entente, FAO, FZ, G-77, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, ITU, NAM, OAU, OIC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WADB, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO" );; line 82409 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us niger chief_of_mission "Ambassador Adamou SEYDOU" );; line 82417 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us niger chancery "2204 R Street NW, Washington, DC 20008" );; line 82419 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us niger telephone "[1] (202) 483-4224 through 4227" );; line 82421 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation niger chief_of_mission "Ambassador John S. DAVISON" );; line 82426 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation niger embassy "Rue Des Ambassades, Niamey" );; line 82428 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation niger mailing_address "B. P. 11201, Niamey" );; line 82430 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation niger telephone "[227] 72 26 61 through 72 26 64" );; line 82432 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation niger fax "[227] 73 31 67" );; line 82434 (wfb::source-text flag niger "three equal horizontal bands of orange (top), white, and green with a small orange disk (representing the sun) centered in the white band; similar to the flag of India, which has a blue spoked wheel centered in the white band" );; line 82438 (wfb::source-text overview niger "Niger is one of the world's poorest countries, with GDP growth lagging behind the rapid growth of population. The economy is centered on subsistence agriculture, animal husbandry, and reexport trade, and increasingly less on uranium, its major export throughout the 1970s and 1980s. Uranium revenues dropped by almost 50% between 1983 and 1990 with the end of the uranium boom. Terms of trade with Nigeria, Niger's largest regional trade partner, have improved dramatically since the 50% devaluation of the African franc in January 1994; this devaluation boosted exports of livestock, peas, onions, and the products of Niger's small cotton industry. The government relies on bilateral and multilateral aid for operating expenses and public investment and is strongly induced to adhere to structural adjustment programs designed by the IMF and the World Bank." );; line 82446 (wfb::source-text national_product niger "GDP - purchasing power parity - $4.6 billion (1993 est.)" );; line 82461 (wfb::source-text national_product_real_growth_rate niger "1.4% (1993 est.)" );; line 82465 (wfb::source-text national_product_per_capita niger "$550 (1994 est.)" );; line 82469 (wfb::source-text |Inflation rate (consumer prices)| niger "NA%" );; line 82473 (wfb::source-text unemployment_rate niger "NA%" );; line 82477 (wfb::source-text budget niger revenues "$188 million" );; line 82482 (wfb::source-text budget niger expenditures "$400 million, including capital expenditures of $125 million (1993 est.)" );; line 82484 (wfb::source-text exports niger "$246 million (f.o.b., 1993 est.)" );; line 82489 (wfb::source-text exports niger commodities "uranium ore 67%, livestock products 20%, cowpeas, onions" );; line 82491 (wfb::source-text exports niger partners "France 77%, Nigeria 8%, Cote d'Ivoire, Italy" );; line 82493 (wfb::source-text imports niger "$286 million (c.i.f., 1993 est.)" );; line 82497 (wfb::source-text imports niger commodities "consumer goods, primary materials, machinery, vehicles and parts, petroleum, cereals" );; line 82499 (wfb::source-text imports niger partners "France 23%, Cote d'Ivoire, Germany, Italy, Japan" );; line 82502 (wfb::source-text external_debt niger "$1.2 billion (December 1991 est.)" );; line 82506 (wfb::source-text industrial_production niger "growth rate -2.7% (1992 est.); accounts for 15% of GDP" );; line 82510 (wfb::source-text electricity niger capacity "60,000 kW" );; line 82515 (wfb::source-text electricity niger production "200 million kWh" );; line 82517 (wfb::source-text electricity niger consumption_per_capita "42 kWh (1992)" );; line 82519 (wfb::source-text industry niger "cement, brick, textiles, food processing, chemicals, slaughterhouses, and a few other small light industries; uranium mining began in 1971" );; line 82523 (wfb::source-text agriculture niger "accounts for roughly 40% of GDP and 90% of labor force; cash crops - cowpeas, cotton, peanuts; food crops - millet, sorghum, cassava, rice; livestock - cattle, sheep, goats; self-sufficient in food except in drought years" );; line 82528 (wfb::source-text economic_aid niger recipient "US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-89), $380 million; Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-89), $3.165 billion; OPEC bilateral aid (1979-89), $504 million; Communist countries (1970-89), $61 million" );; line 82536 (wfb::source-text currency niger "1 CFA franc (CFAF) = 100 centimes" );; line 82543 (wfb::source-text exchange_rates niger "Communaute Financiere Africaine francs (CFAF) per US$1 - 529.43 (January 1995), 555.20 (1994), 283.16 (1993), 264.69 (1992), 282.11 (1991), 272.26 (1990)" );; line 82547 (wfb::source-text fiscal_year niger "1 October - 30 September" );; line 82557 (wfb::source-text railroads niger "0 km" );; line 82562 (wfb::source-text highways niger total "39,970 km" );; line 82567 (wfb::source-text highways niger paved "bituminous 3,170 km" );; line 82569 (wfb::source-text highways niger unpaved "gravel, laterite 10,330 km; earth 3,470 km; tracks 23,000 km" );; line 82571 (wfb::source-text inland_waterways niger "Niger River is navigable 300 km from Niamey to Gaya on the Benin frontier from mid-December through March" );; line 82575 (wfb::source-text port niger "none" );; line 82580 (wfb::source-text airports niger total "29" );; line 82585 (wfb::source-text airports niger |with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m| "2" );; line 82587 (wfb::source-text airports niger |with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m| "6" );; line 82589 (wfb::source-text airports niger |with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m| "1" );; line 82591 (wfb::source-text airports niger with_paved_runways_under_914_m "3" );; line 82593 (wfb::source-text airports niger |with unpaved runways 1,524 to 2,438 m| "1" );; line 82595 (wfb::source-text airports niger |with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m| "16" );; line 82597 (wfb::source-text telephone_system niger "14,260 telephones; small system of wire, radiocommunications, and radio relay links concentrated in southwestern area" );; line 82602 (wfb::source-text telephone_system niger local "NA" );; line 82605 (wfb::source-text telephone_system niger intercity "wire, radiocommunications, and radio relay; 3 domestic satellite links, with 1 planned" );; line 82607 (wfb::source-text telephone_system niger international "2 INTELSAT (1 Atlantic Ocean and 1 Indian Ocean) earth stations" );; line 82610 (wfb::source-text radio niger broadcast_stations "AM 15, FM 5, shortwave 0" );; line 82615 (wfb::source-text radio niger radios "NA" );; line 82617 (wfb::source-text television niger broadcast_stations "18" );; line 82622 (wfb::source-text television niger televisions "NA" );; line 82624 (wfb::source-text defense_branch niger "Army, Air Force, National Gendarmerie, Republican Guard, National Police" );; line 82630 (wfb::source-text manpower_availability niger "males age 15-49 1,908,767; males fit for military service 1,029,384; males reach military age (18) annually 94,506 (1995 est.)" );; line 82635 (wfb::source-text defense_expenditures niger "exchange rate conversion - $32 million, 1.3% of GDP (FY92/93)" );; line 82640 (wfb::source-text location nigeria "Western Africa, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean, between Benin and Cameroon" );; line 82650 (wfb::source-text map_references nigeria "Africa" );; line 82655 (wfb::source-text area nigeria total_area "923,770 sq km" );; line 82660 (wfb::source-text area nigeria land_area "910,770 sq km" );; line 82662 (wfb::source-text area nigeria comparative_area "slightly more than twice the size of California" );; line 82664 (wfb::source-text borders nigeria "total 4,047 km, Benin 773 km, Cameroon 1,690 km, Chad 87 km, Niger 1,497 km" );; line 82668 (wfb::source-text coastline nigeria "853 km" );; line 82673 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims nigeria continental_shelf "200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation" );; line 82678 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims nigeria exclusive_economic_zone "200 nm" );; line 82680 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims nigeria territorial_sea "30 nm" );; line 82682 (wfb::source-text international_disputes nigeria "demarcation of international boundaries in Lake Chad, the lack of which led to border incidents in the past, is completed and awaits ratification by Cameroon, Chad, Niger, and Nigeria; dispute with Cameroon over land and maritime boundaries in the vicinity of the Bakasi Peninsula has been referred to the International Court of Justice" );; line 82686 (wfb::source-text climate nigeria "varies; equatorial in south, tropical in center, arid in north" );; line 82694 (wfb::source-text terrain nigeria "southern lowlands merge into central hills and plateaus; mountains in southeast, plains in north" );; line 82698 (wfb::source-text natural-resource nigeria "petroleum, tin, columbite, iron ore, coal, limestone, lead, zinc, natural gas" );; line 82703 (wfb::source-text land_use nigeria arable_land "31%" );; line 82709 (wfb::source-text land_use nigeria permanent_crops "3%" );; line 82711 (wfb::source-text land_use nigeria meadows_and_pastures "23%" );; line 82713 (wfb::source-text land_use nigeria forest_and_woodland "15%" );; line 82715 (wfb::source-text land_use nigeria other "28%" );; line 82717 (wfb::source-text irrigated_land nigeria "8,650 sq km (1989 est.)" );; line 82721 (wfb::source-text environment nigeria current_issues "soil degradation; rapid deforestation; desertification; recent droughts in north severely affecting marginal agricultural activities" );; line 82726 (wfb::source-text environment nigeria natural_hazards "periodic droughts" );; line 82729 (wfb::source-text environment nigeria international_agreements "party to - Biodiversity, Climate Change, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection" );; line 82731 (wfb::source-text population nigeria "101,232,251 (July 1995 est.)" );; line 82739 (wfb::source-text age_structure nigeria 0-14_years "45% (female 22,643,026; male 22,850,322)" );; line 82744 (wfb::source-text age_structure nigeria 15-64_years "52% (female 25,842,286; male 26,978,906)" );; line 82746 (wfb::source-text age_structure nigeria 65_years_and_over "3% (female 1,438,392; male 1,479,319) (July 1995 est.)" );; line 82748 (wfb::source-text population_growth_rate nigeria "3.16% (1995 est.)" );; line 82752 (wfb::source-text birth_rate nigeria "43.26 births/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 82756 (wfb::source-text death_rate nigeria "12.01 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 82760 (wfb::source-text net_migration_rate nigeria "0.35 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 82764 (wfb::source-text infant_mortality_rate nigeria "72.6 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.)" );; line 82768 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth nigeria total_population "55.98 years" );; line 82773 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth nigeria male "54.69 years" );; line 82775 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth nigeria female "57.3 years (1995 est.)" );; line 82777 (wfb::source-text total_fertility_rate nigeria "6.31 children born/woman (1995 est.)" );; line 82781 (wfb::source-text nationality nigeria noun "Nigerian(s)" );; line 82786 (wfb::source-text nationality nigeria adjective "Nigerian" );; line 82788 (wfb::source-text ethnic-entity nigeria north "Hausa and Fulani" );; line 82793 (wfb::source-text ethnic-entity nigeria southwest "Yoruba" );; line 82795 (wfb::source-text ethnic-entity nigeria southeast "Ibos" );; line 82797 (wfb::source-text ethnic-entity nigeria southeast "non-Africans 27,000" );; line 82798 (wfb::source-text religion nigeria "Muslim 50%, Christian 40%, indigenous beliefs 10%" );; line 82805 (wfb::source-text language nigeria "English (official), Hausa, Yoruba, Ibo, Fulani" );; line 82809 (wfb::source-text literacy nigeria "age 15 and over can read and write (1990 est.)" );; line 82813 (wfb::source-text literacy nigeria total_population "51%" );; line 82815 (wfb::source-text literacy nigeria male "62%" );; line 82817 (wfb::source-text literacy nigeria female "40%" );; line 82819 (wfb::source-text total_labor_force nigeria "42.844 million" );; line 82823 (wfb::source-text labor_force_by_occupation nigeria by_occupation "agriculture 54%, industry, commerce, and services 19%, government 15%" );; line 82825 (wfb::source-text names nigeria conventional_long_form "Federal Republic of Nigeria" );; line 82832 (wfb::source-text names nigeria conventional_short_form "Nigeria" );; line 82834 (wfb::source-text digraph nigeria "NI" );; line 82838 (wfb::source-text type nigeria "military government since 31 December 1983; plans to institute a constitutional conference to prepare for a new transition to civilian rule after plans for a transition in 1993 were negated by General BABANGIDA" );; line 82842 (wfb::source-text capital nigeria "Abuja" );; line 82848 (wfb::source-text administrative_divisions nigeria "30 states and 1 territory*; Abia, Abuja Capital Territory*, Adamawa, Akwa Ibom, Anambra, Bauchi, Benue, Borno, Cross River, Delta, Edo, Enugu, Imo, Jigawa, Kaduna, Kano, Katsina, Kebbi, Kogi, Kwara, Lagos, Niger, Ogun, Ondo, Osun, Oyo, Plateau, Rivers, Sokoto, Taraba, Yobe" );; line 82856 (wfb::source-text independence nigeria "1 October 1960 (from UK)" );; line 82863 (wfb::source-text national_holiday nigeria "Independence Day, 1 October (1960)" );; line 82867 (wfb::source-text constitution nigeria "1979 constitution still in force; plan for 1989 constitution to take effect in 1993 was not implemented" );; line 82871 (wfb::source-text legal_system nigeria "based on English common law, Islamic law, and tribal law" );; line 82876 (wfb::source-text suffrage nigeria "21 years of age; universal" );; line 82880 (wfb::source-text executive_branch nigeria chief_of_state_and_head_of_government "Chairman of the Provisional Ruling Council and Commander in Chief of Armed Forces and Defense Minister Gen. Sani ABACHA (since 17 November 1993); Vice-Chairman of the Provisional Ruling Council Oladipo DIYA (since 17 November 1993)" );; line 82885 (wfb::source-text executive_branch nigeria cabinet "Federal Executive Council" );; line 82890 (wfb::source-text legislative_structure nigeria "bicameral National Assembly" );; line 82894 (wfb::source-text legislative_branch nigeria senate "suspended after coup of 17 November 1993" );; line 82896 (wfb::source-text legislative_branch nigeria house_of_representatives "suspended after coup of 17 November 1993" );; line 82898 (wfb::source-text judicial_branch nigeria "Supreme Court, Federal Court of Appeal" );; line 82902 (wfb::source-text member_of nigeria "ACP, AfDB, C, CCC, ECA, ECOWAS, FAO, G-15, G-19, G-24, G-77, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, INMARSAT, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, ITU, MINURSO, NAM, OAU, OPEC, PCA, UN, UNAMIR, UNAVEM II, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIKOM, UNPROFOR, UNU, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WMO, WTO" );; line 82912 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us nigeria chief_of_mission "Ambassador Zubair Mahmud KAZAURE" );; line 82921 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us nigeria chancery "1333 16th Street NW, Washington, DC 20036" );; line 82923 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us nigeria telephone "[1] (202) 986-8400" );; line 82925 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us nigeria |consulate(s) general| "New York" );; line 82927 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation nigeria chief_of_mission "Ambassador Walter C. CARRINGTON" );; line 82932 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation nigeria embassy "2 Eleke Crescent, Lagos" );; line 82934 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation nigeria mailing_address "P. O. Box 554, Lagos" );; line 82936 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation nigeria telephone "[234] (1) 261-0097" );; line 82938 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation nigeria fax "[234] (1) 261-0257" );; line 82940 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation nigeria branch_office "Abuja" );; line 82942 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation nigeria |consulate(s) general| "Kaduna" );; line 82944 (wfb::source-text flag nigeria "three equal vertical bands of green (hoist side), white, and green" );; line 82948 (wfb::source-text overview nigeria "The oil-rich Nigerian economy continues to be hobbled by political instability and poor macroeconomic management. Nigeria's unpopular military rulers show no sign of wanting to restore democratic civilian rule in the near future and appear divided on how to redress fundamental economic imbalances that cause troublesome inflation and the steady depreciation of the naira. The government's domestic and international arrears continue to limit economic growth - even in the oil sector - and prevent an agreement with the IMF and bilateral creditors on debt relief. The inefficient (largely subsistence) agricultural sector has failed to keep up with rapid population growth, and Nigeria, once a large net exporter of food, now must import food." );; line 82954 (wfb::source-text national_product nigeria "GDP - purchasing power parity - $122.6 billion (1994 est.)" );; line 82967 (wfb::source-text national_product_real_growth_rate nigeria "-0.8% (1994 est.)" );; line 82971 (wfb::source-text national_product_per_capita nigeria "$1,250 (1994 est.)" );; line 82975 (wfb::source-text |Inflation rate (consumer prices)| nigeria "53% (1993 est.)" );; line 82979 (wfb::source-text unemployment_rate nigeria "28% (1992 est.)" );; line 82983 (wfb::source-text budget nigeria revenues "$9 billion" );; line 82988 (wfb::source-text budget nigeria expenditures "$10.8 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA (1992 est.)" );; line 82990 (wfb::source-text exports nigeria "$11.9 billion (f.o.b., 1992)" );; line 82994 (wfb::source-text exports nigeria commodities "oil 95%, cocoa, rubber" );; line 82996 (wfb::source-text exports nigeria partners "US 54%, EC 23%" );; line 82998 (wfb::source-text imports nigeria "$8.3 billion (c.i.f., 1992)" );; line 83002 (wfb::source-text imports nigeria commodities "machinery and equipment, manufactured goods, food and animals" );; line 83004 (wfb::source-text imports nigeria partners "EC 64%, US 10%, Japan 7%" );; line 83006 (wfb::source-text external_debt nigeria "$29.5 billion (1992)" );; line 83010 (wfb::source-text industrial_production nigeria "growth rate 7.7% (1991); accounts for 43% of GDP, including petroleum" );; line 83014 (wfb::source-text electricity nigeria capacity "4,570,000 kW" );; line 83020 (wfb::source-text electricity nigeria production "11.3 billion kWh" );; line 83022 (wfb::source-text electricity nigeria consumption_per_capita "109 kWh (1993)" );; line 83024 (wfb::source-text industry nigeria "crude oil and mining - coal, tin, columbite; primary processing industries - palm oil, peanut, cotton, rubber, wood, hides and skins; manufacturing industries - textiles, cement, building materials, food products, footwear, chemical, printing, ceramics, steel" );; line 83028 (wfb::source-text agriculture nigeria "accounts for 35% of GDP and half of labor force; cash crops - cocoa, peanuts, palm oil, rubber; food crops - corn, rice, sorghum, millet, cassava, yams; livestock - cattle, sheep, goats, pigs; fishing and forestry resources extensively exploited" );; line 83035 (wfb::source-text illicit_drugs nigeria "passenger and cargo air hub for West Africa; facilitates movement of heroin en route from Southeast and Southwest Asia to Western Europe and North America; increasingly a transit route for cocaine from South America intended for West European, East Asian, and North American markets" );; line 83042 (wfb::source-text economic_aid nigeria recipient "US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-89), $705 million; Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-89), $3 billion; Communist countries (1970-89), $2.2 billion" );; line 83050 (wfb::source-text currency nigeria "1 naira (N) = 100 kobo" );; line 83056 (wfb::source-text exchange_rates nigeria "naira (N) per US$1 - 21.996 (January 1995), 21.996 (1994), 22.065 (1993), 17.298 (1992), 9.909 (1991), 8.038 (1990)" );; line 83060 (wfb::source-text fiscal_year nigeria "calendar year" );; line 83065 (wfb::source-text railroads nigeria total "3,567 km" );; line 83071 (wfb::source-text railroads nigeria narrow_gauge "3,505 km 1.067-m gauge" );; line 83073 (wfb::source-text railroads nigeria standard_gauge "62 km 1.435-m gauge" );; line 83075 (wfb::source-text highways nigeria total "107,990 km" );; line 83080 (wfb::source-text highways nigeria paved "mostly bituminous-surface treatment 30,019 km" );; line 83082 (wfb::source-text highways nigeria unpaved "gravel, crushed stone, improved earth 25,411 km; unimproved earth 52,560 km" );; line 83084 (wfb::source-text inland_waterways nigeria "8,575 km consisting of Niger and Benue Rivers and smaller rivers and creeks" );; line 83089 (wfb::source-text pipelines nigeria "crude oil 2,042 km; petroleum products 3,000 km; natural gas 500 km" );; line 83094 (wfb::source-text port nigeria "Calabar, Lagos, Onne, Port Harcourt, Sapele, Warri" );; line 83099 (wfb::source-text merchant_marine nigeria total "32 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 404,064 GRT/661,850 DWT" );; line 83104 (wfb::source-text merchant_marine nigeria ships_by_type "bulk 1, cargo 14, chemical tanker 3, liquefied gas tanker 1, oil tanker 12, roll-on/roll-off cargo 1" );; line 83106 (wfb::source-text airports nigeria total "80" );; line 83112 (wfb::source-text airports nigeria |with paved runways over 3,047 m| "6" );; line 83114 (wfb::source-text airports nigeria |with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m| "10" );; line 83116 (wfb::source-text airports nigeria |with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m| "10" );; line 83118 (wfb::source-text airports nigeria |with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m| "7" );; line 83120 (wfb::source-text airports nigeria with_paved_runways_under_914_m "25" );; line 83122 (wfb::source-text airports nigeria |with unpaved runways 1,524 to 2,438 m| "1" );; line 83124 (wfb::source-text airports nigeria |with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m| "21" );; line 83126 (wfb::source-text telephone_system nigeria "NA telephones; above-average system limited by poor maintenance; major expansion in progress" );; line 83131 (wfb::source-text telephone_system nigeria local "NA" );; line 83134 (wfb::source-text telephone_system nigeria intercity "microwave radio relay, coaxial cable, and 20 domestic satellite earth stations carry intercity traffic" );; line 83136 (wfb::source-text telephone_system nigeria international "3 INTELSAT earth stations (2 Atlantic Ocean and 1 Indian Ocean) and 1 coaxial submarine cable carry international traffic" );; line 83139 (wfb::source-text radio nigeria broadcast_stations "AM 35, FM 17, shortwave 0" );; line 83145 (wfb::source-text radio nigeria radios "NA" );; line 83147 (wfb::source-text television nigeria broadcast_stations "28" );; line 83152 (wfb::source-text television nigeria televisions "NA" );; line 83154 (wfb::source-text defense_branch nigeria "Army, Navy, Air Force, paramilitary Police Force" );; line 83160 (wfb::source-text manpower_availability nigeria "males age 15-49 23,167,009; males fit for military service 13,246,223; males reach military age (18) annually 1,024,059 (1995 est.)" );; line 83164 (wfb::source-text defense_expenditures nigeria "exchange rate conversion - $172 million, about 1% of GDP (1992)" );; line 83169 (wfb::source-text location niue "Oceania, island in the South Pacific Ocean, east of Tonga" );; line 83180 (wfb::source-text map_references niue "Oceania" );; line 83184 (wfb::source-text area niue total_area "260 sq km" );; line 83189 (wfb::source-text area niue land_area "260 sq km" );; line 83191 (wfb::source-text area niue comparative_area "slightly less than 1.5 times the size of Washington, DC" );; line 83193 (wfb::source-text borders niue "0 km" );; line 83197 (wfb::source-text coastline niue "64 km" );; line 83201 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims niue exclusive_economic_zone "200 nm" );; line 83206 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims niue territorial_sea "12 nm" );; line 83208 (wfb::source-text international_disputes niue "none" );; line 83212 (wfb::source-text climate niue "tropical; modified by southeast trade winds" );; line 83216 (wfb::source-text terrain niue "steep limestone cliffs along coast, central plateau" );; line 83220 (wfb::source-text natural-resource niue "fish, arable land" );; line 83224 (wfb::source-text land_use niue arable_land "61%" );; line 83229 (wfb::source-text land_use niue permanent_crops "4%" );; line 83231 (wfb::source-text land_use niue meadows_and_pastures "4%" );; line 83233 (wfb::source-text land_use niue forest_and_woodland "19%" );; line 83235 (wfb::source-text land_use niue other "12%" );; line 83237 (wfb::source-text irrigated_land niue "NA sq km" );; line 83241 (wfb::source-text environment niue current_issues "traditional methods of burning brush and trees to clear land for agriculture have threatened soil supplies which naturally are not very abundant" );; line 83246 (wfb::source-text environment niue natural_hazards "typhoons" );; line 83249 (wfb::source-text environment niue international_agreements "signed, but not ratified - Law of the Sea" );; line 83251 (wfb::source-text note niue "one of world's largest coral islands" );; line 83255 (wfb::source-text population niue "1,837 (July 1995 est.)" );; line 83261 (wfb::source-text age_structure niue 0-14_years "NA" );; line 83266 (wfb::source-text age_structure niue 15-64_years "NA" );; line 83268 (wfb::source-text age_structure niue 65_years_and_over "NA" );; line 83270 (wfb::source-text population_growth_rate niue "-3.66% (1995 est.)" );; line 83274 (wfb::source-text birth_rate niue "NA" );; line 83278 (wfb::source-text death_rate niue "NA" );; line 83282 (wfb::source-text net_migration_rate niue "NA" );; line 83286 (wfb::source-text infant_mortality_rate niue "NA" );; line 83290 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth niue "NA" );; line 83294 (wfb::source-text total_fertility_rate niue "NA" );; line 83298 (wfb::source-text nationality niue noun "Niuean(s)" );; line 83303 (wfb::source-text nationality niue adjective "Niuean" );; line 83305 (wfb::source-text ethnic-entity niue "Polynesian (with some 200 Europeans, Samoans, and Tongans)" );; line 83309 (wfb::source-text religion niue "Ekalesia Nieue (Niuean Church) 75% - a Protestant church closely related to the London Missionary Society, Morman 10%, other 15% (mostly Roman Catholic, Jehovah's Witnesses, Seventh-Day Adventist)" );; line 83313 (wfb::source-text language niue "Polynesian closely related to Tongan and Samoan, English" );; line 83319 (wfb::source-text total_labor_force niue "1,000 (1981 est.)" );; line 83323 (wfb::source-text labor_force_by_occupation niue by_occupation "most work on family plantations; paid work exists only in government service, small industry, and the Niue Development Board" );; line 83325 (wfb::source-text names niue conventional_long_form "none" );; line 83332 (wfb::source-text names niue conventional_short_form "Niue" );; line 83334 (wfb::source-text digraph niue "NE" );; line 83338 (wfb::source-text type niue "self-governing territory in free association with New Zealand; Niue fully responsible for internal affairs; New Zealand retains responsibility for external affairs" );; line 83342 (wfb::source-text capital niue "Alofi" );; line 83348 (wfb::source-text administrative_divisions niue "none" );; line 83352 (wfb::source-text independence niue "19 October 1974 (became a self-governing territory in free association with New Zealand on 19 October 1974)" );; line 83356 (wfb::source-text national_holiday niue "Waitangi Day, 6 February (1840) (Treaty of Waitangi established British sovereignty)" );; line 83361 (wfb::source-text constitution niue "19 October 1974 (Niue Constitution Act)" );; line 83366 (wfb::source-text legal_system niue "English common law" );; line 83370 (wfb::source-text suffrage niue "18 years of age; universal" );; line 83374 (wfb::source-text executive_branch niue chief_of_state "Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952), represented by New Zealand Representative Kurt MEYER (since NA)" );; line 83379 (wfb::source-text executive_branch niue head_of_government "Premier Frank F. LUI (since 12 March 1993; Acting Premier since December 1992)" );; line 83382 (wfb::source-text executive_branch niue cabinet "Cabinet; consists of the premier and three other ministers" );; line 83385 (wfb::source-text legislative_structure niue "unicameral" );; line 83389 (wfb::source-text legislative_branch niue legislative_assembly "elections last held 6 March 1993 (next to be held NA 1996); results - percent of vote NA; seats - (20 total, 6 elected)" );; line 83391 (wfb::source-text judicial_branch niue "Appeal Court of New Zealand, High Court" );; line 83396 (wfb::source-text political_parties_and_leaders niue "Niue Peoples Party (NPP), Young VIVIAN" );; line 83400 (wfb::source-text member_of niue "ESCAP (associate), INTELSAT (nonsignatory user), SPARTECA, SPC, SPF, UNESCO, WHO" );; line 83404 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us niue "none (self-governing territory in free association with New Zealand)" );; line 83409 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation niue "none (self-governing territory in free association with New Zealand)" );; line 83414 (wfb::source-text flag niue "yellow with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side quadrant; the flag of the UK bears five yellow five-pointed stars - a large one on a blue disk in the center and a smaller one on each arm of the bold red cross" );; line 83419 (wfb::source-text overview niue "The economy is heavily dependent on aid from New Zealand. Government expenditures regularly exceed revenues, with the shortfall made up by grants from New Zealand - the grants are used to pay wages to public employees. The agricultural sector consists mainly of subsistence gardening, although some cash crops are grown for export. Industry consists primarily of small factories to process passion fruit, lime oil, honey, and coconut cream. The sale of postage stamps to foreign collectors is an important source of revenue. The island in recent years has suffered a serious loss of population because of migration of Niueans to New Zealand." );; line 83426 (wfb::source-text national_product niue "GDP - purchasing power parity - $2.4 million (1993 est.)" );; line 83438 (wfb::source-text national_product_real_growth_rate niue "NA%" );; line 83442 (wfb::source-text national_product_per_capita niue "$1,200 (1993 est.)" );; line 83446 (wfb::source-text |Inflation rate (consumer prices)| niue "5% (1992)" );; line 83450 (wfb::source-text unemployment_rate niue "NA%" );; line 83454 (wfb::source-text budget niue revenues "$5.5 million" );; line 83459 (wfb::source-text budget niue expenditures "$6.3 million, including capital expenditures of $NA (1985 est.)" );; line 83461 (wfb::source-text exports niue "$117,500 (f.o.b., 1989)" );; line 83465 (wfb::source-text exports niue commodities "canned coconut cream, copra, honey, passion fruit products, pawpaw, root crops, limes, footballs, stamps, handicrafts" );; line 83467 (wfb::source-text exports niue partners "NZ 89%, Fiji, Cook Islands, Australia" );; line 83470 (wfb::source-text imports niue "$4.1 million (c.i.f., 1989)" );; line 83474 (wfb::source-text imports niue commodities "food, live animals, manufactured goods, machinery, fuels, lubricants, chemicals, drugs" );; line 83476 (wfb::source-text imports niue partners "NZ 59%, Fiji 20%, Japan 13%, Western Samoa, Australia, US" );; line 83479 (wfb::source-text external_debt niue "$NA" );; line 83483 (wfb::source-text industrial_production niue "growth rate NA%" );; line 83487 (wfb::source-text electricity niue capacity "1,500 kW" );; line 83492 (wfb::source-text electricity niue production "2.7 million kWh" );; line 83494 (wfb::source-text electricity niue consumption_per_capita "1,490 kWh (1992)" );; line 83496 (wfb::source-text industry niue "tourism, handicrafts, food processing" );; line 83500 (wfb::source-text agriculture niue "coconuts, passion fruit, honey, limes; subsistence crops - taro, yams, cassava (tapioca), sweet potatoes; pigs, poultry, beef cattle" );; line 83504 (wfb::source-text economic_aid niue recipient "Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-89), $62 million" );; line 83510 (wfb::source-text currency niue "1 New Zealand dollar (NZ$) = 100 cents" );; line 83515 (wfb::source-text exchange_rates niue "New Zealand dollars (NZ$) per US$1 - 1.5601 (January 1995), 1.6844 (1994), 1.8495 (1993), 1.8584 (1992), 1.7265 (1991), 1.6750 (1990)" );; line 83519 (wfb::source-text fiscal_year niue "1 April - 31 March" );; line 83524 (wfb::source-text railroads niue "0 km" );; line 83529 (wfb::source-text highways niue total "229 km" );; line 83534 (wfb::source-text highways niue unpaved "all-weather 123 km; plantation access 106 km" );; line 83536 (wfb::source-text port niue "none; offshore anchorage only" );; line 83540 (wfb::source-text merchant_marine niue "none" );; line 83544 (wfb::source-text airports niue total "1" );; line 83549 (wfb::source-text airports niue |with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m| "1" );; line 83551 (wfb::source-text telephone_system niue "383 telephones" );; line 83556 (wfb::source-text telephone_system niue local "NA" );; line 83558 (wfb::source-text telephone_system niue intercity "single-line telephone system connects all villages on island" );; line 83560 (wfb::source-text telephone_system niue international "NA" );; line 83562 (wfb::source-text radio niue broadcast_stations "AM 1,000, FM 1, shortwave 0 (1987 est.)" );; line 83567 (wfb::source-text radio niue radios "NA" );; line 83569 (wfb::source-text television niue broadcast_stations "0" );; line 83574 (wfb::source-text television niue televisions "NA" );; line 83576 (wfb::source-text defense_branch niue "Police Force" );; line 83582 (wfb::source-text note niue "defense is the responsibility of New Zealand" );; line 83586 (wfb::source-text location norfolk_island "Oceania, island in the South Pacific Ocean, east of Australia" );; line 83596 (wfb::source-text map_references norfolk_island "Oceania" );; line 83600 (wfb::source-text area norfolk_island total_area "34.6 sq km" );; line 83605 (wfb::source-text area norfolk_island land_area "34.6 sq km" );; line 83607 (wfb::source-text area norfolk_island comparative_area "about 0.2 times the size of Washington, DC" );; line 83609 (wfb::source-text borders norfolk_island "0 km" );; line 83613 (wfb::source-text coastline norfolk_island "32 km" );; line 83617 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims norfolk_island exclusive_fishing_zone "200 nm" );; line 83622 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims norfolk_island territorial_sea "3 nm" );; line 83624 (wfb::source-text international_disputes norfolk_island "none" );; line 83628 (wfb::source-text climate norfolk_island "subtropical, mild, little seasonal temperature variation" );; line 83632 (wfb::source-text terrain norfolk_island "volcanic formation with mostly rolling plains" );; line 83636 (wfb::source-text natural-resource norfolk_island "fish" );; line 83640 (wfb::source-text land_use norfolk_island arable_land "0%" );; line 83645 (wfb::source-text land_use norfolk_island permanent_crops "0%" );; line 83647 (wfb::source-text land_use norfolk_island meadows_and_pastures "25%" );; line 83649 (wfb::source-text land_use norfolk_island forest_and_woodland "0%" );; line 83651 (wfb::source-text land_use norfolk_island other "75%" );; line 83653 (wfb::source-text irrigated_land norfolk_island "NA sq km" );; line 83657 (wfb::source-text environment norfolk_island current_issues "NA" );; line 83662 (wfb::source-text environment norfolk_island natural_hazards "typhoons (especially May to July)" );; line 83664 (wfb::source-text environment norfolk_island international_agreements "NA" );; line 83666 (wfb::source-text population norfolk_island "2,756 (July 1995 est.)" );; line 83672 (wfb::source-text age_structure norfolk_island 0-14_years "NA" );; line 83677 (wfb::source-text age_structure norfolk_island 15-64_years "NA" );; line 83679 (wfb::source-text age_structure norfolk_island 65_years_and_over "NA" );; line 83681 (wfb::source-text population_growth_rate norfolk_island "1.69% (1995 est.)" );; line 83685 (wfb::source-text birth_rate norfolk_island "NA" );; line 83689 (wfb::source-text death_rate norfolk_island "NA" );; line 83693 (wfb::source-text net_migration_rate norfolk_island "NA" );; line 83697 (wfb::source-text infant_mortality_rate norfolk_island "NA" );; line 83701 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth norfolk_island "NA" );; line 83705 (wfb::source-text total_fertility_rate norfolk_island "NA" );; line 83709 (wfb::source-text nationality norfolk_island noun "Norfolk Islander(s)" );; line 83714 (wfb::source-text nationality norfolk_island adjective "Norfolk Islander(s)" );; line 83716 (wfb::source-text ethnic-entity norfolk_island "descendants of the Bounty mutineers, Australian, New Zealander" );; line 83720 (wfb::source-text religion norfolk_island "Anglican 39%, Roman Catholic 11.7%, Uniting Church in Australia 16.4%, Seventh-Day Adventist 4.4%, none 9.2%, unknown 16.9%, other 2.4% (1986)" );; line 83724 (wfb::source-text language norfolk_island "English (official), Norfolk a mixture of 18th century English and ancient Tahitian" );; line 83730 (wfb::source-text total_labor_force norfolk_island "NA" );; line 83735 (wfb::source-text names norfolk_island conventional_long_form "Territory of Norfolk Island" );; line 83741 (wfb::source-text names norfolk_island conventional_short_form "Norfolk Island" );; line 83743 (wfb::source-text digraph norfolk_island "NF" );; line 83747 (wfb::source-text type norfolk_island "territory of Australia" );; line 83751 (wfb::source-text capital norfolk_island "Kingston (administrative center); Burnt Pine (commercial center)" );; line 83755 (wfb::source-text administrative_divisions norfolk_island "none (territory of Australia)" );; line 83759 (wfb::source-text independence norfolk_island "none (territory of Australia)" );; line 83763 (wfb::source-text national_holiday norfolk_island "Pitcairners Arrival Day Anniversary, 8 June (1856)" );; line 83767 (wfb::source-text constitution norfolk_island "Norfolk Island Act of 1979" );; line 83771 (wfb::source-text legal_system norfolk_island "wide legislative and executive responsibility under the Norfolk Island Act of 1979; Supreme Court" );; line 83775 (wfb::source-text suffrage norfolk_island "18 years of age; universal" );; line 83780 (wfb::source-text executive_branch norfolk_island chief_of_state "Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952), represented by Administrator Alan Gardner KERR (since NA April 1992), who is appointed by the Governor General of Australia" );; line 83785 (wfb::source-text executive_branch norfolk_island head_of_government "Assembly President David Ernest BUFFETT (since NA May 1992)" );; line 83789 (wfb::source-text executive_branch norfolk_island cabinet "Executive Council" );; line 83791 (wfb::source-text legislative_structure norfolk_island "unicameral" );; line 83795 (wfb::source-text legislative_branch norfolk_island legislative_assembly "elections last held 20 May 1992 (next to be held NA May 1995); results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (9 total) independents 9" );; line 83797 (wfb::source-text judicial_branch norfolk_island "Supreme Court" );; line 83802 (wfb::source-text political_parties_and_leaders norfolk_island "NA" );; line 83806 (wfb::source-text member_of norfolk_island "none" );; line 83810 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us norfolk_island "none (territory of Australia)" );; line 83814 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation norfolk_island "none (territory of Australia)" );; line 83818 (wfb::source-text flag norfolk_island "three vertical bands of green (hoist side), white, and green with a large green Norfolk Island pine tree centered in the slightly wider white band" );; line 83822 (wfb::source-text overview norfolk_island "The primary economic activity is tourism, which has brought a level of prosperity unusual among inhabitants of the Pacific islands. The number of visitors has increased steadily over the years and reached 29,000 in FY88/89. Revenues from tourism have given the island a favorable balance of trade and helped the agricultural sector to become self-sufficient in the production of beef, poultry, and eggs." );; line 83829 (wfb::source-text national_product norfolk_island "GDP $NA" );; line 83838 (wfb::source-text national_product_real_growth_rate norfolk_island "NA%" );; line 83842 (wfb::source-text national_product_per_capita norfolk_island "$NA" );; line 83846 (wfb::source-text |Inflation rate (consumer prices)| norfolk_island "NA%" );; line 83850 (wfb::source-text unemployment_rate norfolk_island "NA%" );; line 83854 (wfb::source-text budget norfolk_island revenues "$NA" );; line 83859 (wfb::source-text budget norfolk_island expenditures "$4.2 million, including capital expenditures of $400,000 (1989 est.)" );; line 83861 (wfb::source-text exports norfolk_island "$1.7 million (f.o.b., FY85/86)" );; line 83866 (wfb::source-text exports norfolk_island commodities "postage stamps, seeds of the Norfolk Island pine and Kentia palm, small quantities of avocados" );; line 83868 (wfb::source-text exports norfolk_island partners "Australia, Pacific Islands, NZ, Asia, Europe" );; line 83871 (wfb::source-text imports norfolk_island "$15.6 million (c.i.f., FY85/86)" );; line 83875 (wfb::source-text imports norfolk_island commodities "NA" );; line 83877 (wfb::source-text imports norfolk_island partners "Australia, Pacific Islands, NZ, Asia, Europe" );; line 83879 (wfb::source-text external_debt norfolk_island "$NA" );; line 83883 (wfb::source-text industrial_production norfolk_island "growth rate NA%" );; line 83887 (wfb::source-text electricity norfolk_island capacity "7,000 kW" );; line 83892 (wfb::source-text electricity norfolk_island production "8 million kWh" );; line 83894 (wfb::source-text electricity norfolk_island consumption_per_capita "3,160 kWh (1990)" );; line 83896 (wfb::source-text industry norfolk_island "tourism" );; line 83900 (wfb::source-text agriculture norfolk_island "Norfolk Island pine seed, Kentia palm seed, cereals, vegetables, fruit, cattle, poultry" );; line 83904 (wfb::source-text economic_aid norfolk_island "none" );; line 83909 (wfb::source-text currency norfolk_island "1 Australian dollar ($A) = 100 cents" );; line 83913 (wfb::source-text exchange_rates norfolk_island "Australian dollars ($A) per US$1 - 1.3058 (January 1995), 1.3667 (1994), 1.4704 (1993), 1.3600 (1992), 1.2835 (1991), 1.2799 (1990)" );; line 83917 (wfb::source-text fiscal_year norfolk_island "1 July - 30 June" );; line 83922 (wfb::source-text railroads norfolk_island "0 km" );; line 83927 (wfb::source-text highways norfolk_island total "80 km" );; line 83932 (wfb::source-text highways norfolk_island paved "53 km" );; line 83934 (wfb::source-text highways norfolk_island unpaved "earth, coral 27 km" );; line 83936 (wfb::source-text port norfolk_island "none; loading jetties at Kingston and Cascade" );; line 83940 (wfb::source-text merchant_marine norfolk_island "none" );; line 83944 (wfb::source-text airports norfolk_island total "1" );; line 83949 (wfb::source-text airports norfolk_island |with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m| "1" );; line 83951 (wfb::source-text telephone_system norfolk_island "987 telephones (1983)" );; line 83956 (wfb::source-text telephone_system norfolk_island local "NA" );; line 83958 (wfb::source-text telephone_system norfolk_island intercity "NA" );; line 83960 (wfb::source-text telephone_system norfolk_island international "radio link service with Sydney" );; line 83962 (wfb::source-text radio norfolk_island broadcast_stations "AM 1, FM 0, shortwave 0" );; line 83967 (wfb::source-text radio norfolk_island radios "1,000 (1987 est.)" );; line 83969 (wfb::source-text television norfolk_island broadcast_stations "0" );; line 83974 (wfb::source-text television norfolk_island televisions "NA" );; line 83976 (wfb::source-text note norfolk_island "defense is the responsibility of Australia" );; line 83982 (wfb::source-text location northern_mariana_islands "Oceania, islands in the North Pacific Ocean, about three-quarters of the way from Hawaii to the Philippines" );; line 83993 (wfb::source-text map_references northern_mariana_islands "Oceania" );; line 83998 (wfb::source-text area northern_mariana_islands total_area "477 sq km" );; line 84003 (wfb::source-text area northern_mariana_islands land_area "477 sq km" );; line 84005 (wfb::source-text area northern_mariana_islands comparative_area "slightly more than 2.5 times the size of Washington, DC" );; line 84007 (wfb::source-text borders northern_mariana_islands "0 km" );; line 84013 (wfb::source-text coastline northern_mariana_islands "1,482 km" );; line 84017 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims northern_mariana_islands exclusive_economic_zone "200 nm" );; line 84022 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims northern_mariana_islands territorial_sea "12 nm" );; line 84024 (wfb::source-text international_disputes northern_mariana_islands "none" );; line 84028 (wfb::source-text climate northern_mariana_islands "tropical marine; moderated by northeast trade winds, little seasonal temperature variation; dry season December to June, rainy season July to October" );; line 84032 (wfb::source-text terrain northern_mariana_islands "southern islands are limestone with level terraces and fringing coral reefs; northern islands are volcanic; highest elevation is 471 m (Mt. Okso' Takpochao on Saipan)" );; line 84038 (wfb::source-text natural-resource northern_mariana_islands "arable land, fish" );; line 84044 (wfb::source-text land_use northern_mariana_islands arable_land "5% on Saipan" );; line 84049 (wfb::source-text land_use northern_mariana_islands permanent_crops "NA%" );; line 84051 (wfb::source-text land_use northern_mariana_islands meadows_and_pastures "19%" );; line 84053 (wfb::source-text land_use northern_mariana_islands forest_and_woodland "NA%" );; line 84055 (wfb::source-text land_use northern_mariana_islands other "NA%" );; line 84057 (wfb::source-text irrigated_land northern_mariana_islands "NA sq km" );; line 84061 (wfb::source-text environment northern_mariana_islands current_issues "contamination of groundwater on Saipan by raw sewage contributes to disease" );; line 84066 (wfb::source-text environment northern_mariana_islands natural_hazards "active volcanoes on Pagan and Agrihan; typhoons (especially August to November)" );; line 84069 (wfb::source-text environment northern_mariana_islands international_agreements "NA" );; line 84072 (wfb::source-text note northern_mariana_islands "strategic location in the North Pacific Ocean" );; line 84076 (wfb::source-text population northern_mariana_islands "51,033 (July 1995 est.)" );; line 84082 (wfb::source-text age_structure northern_mariana_islands 0-14_years "NA" );; line 84087 (wfb::source-text age_structure northern_mariana_islands 15-64_years "NA" );; line 84089 (wfb::source-text age_structure northern_mariana_islands 65_years_and_over "NA" );; line 84091 (wfb::source-text population_growth_rate northern_mariana_islands "3.04% (1995 est.)" );; line 84095 (wfb::source-text birth_rate northern_mariana_islands "33.05 births/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 84099 (wfb::source-text death_rate northern_mariana_islands "4.61 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 84103 (wfb::source-text net_migration_rate northern_mariana_islands "0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 84107 (wfb::source-text infant_mortality_rate northern_mariana_islands "37.96 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.)" );; line 84111 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth northern_mariana_islands total_population "67.43 years" );; line 84116 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth northern_mariana_islands male "65.53 years" );; line 84118 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth northern_mariana_islands female "69.48 years (1995 est.)" );; line 84120 (wfb::source-text total_fertility_rate northern_mariana_islands "2.69 children born/woman (1995 est.)" );; line 84124 (wfb::source-text nationality northern_mariana_islands noun "NA" );; line 84129 (wfb::source-text nationality northern_mariana_islands adjective "NA" );; line 84131 (wfb::source-text ethnic-entity northern_mariana_islands "Chamorro, Carolinians and other Micronesians, Caucasian, Japanese, Chinese, Korean" );; line 84135 (wfb::source-text religion northern_mariana_islands "Christian (Roman Catholic majority, although traditional beliefs and taboos may still be found)" );; line 84140 (wfb::source-text language northern_mariana_islands "English, Chamorro, Carolinian" );; line 84145 (wfb::source-text literacy northern_mariana_islands "age 15 and over can read and write (1980)" );; line 84151 (wfb::source-text literacy northern_mariana_islands total_population "97%" );; line 84153 (wfb::source-text literacy northern_mariana_islands male "97%" );; line 84155 (wfb::source-text literacy northern_mariana_islands female "96%" );; line 84157 (wfb::source-text total_labor_force northern_mariana_islands "7,476 total indigenous labor force, 2,699 unemployed; 21,188 foreign workers (1990)" );; line 84161 (wfb::source-text labor_force_by_occupation northern_mariana_islands by_occupation "NA" );; line 84164 (wfb::source-text names northern_mariana_islands conventional_long_form "Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands" );; line 84170 (wfb::source-text names northern_mariana_islands conventional_short_form "Northern Mariana Islands" );; line 84172 (wfb::source-text digraph northern_mariana_islands "CQ" );; line 84176 (wfb::source-text type northern_mariana_islands "commonwealth in political union with the US; self-governing with locally elected governor, lieutenant governor, and legislature; federal funds to the Commonwealth administered by the US Department of the Interior, Office of Territorial and International Affairs" );; line 84180 (wfb::source-text capital northern_mariana_islands "Saipan" );; line 84187 (wfb::source-text administrative_divisions northern_mariana_islands "none" );; line 84191 (wfb::source-text independence northern_mariana_islands "none (commonwealth in political union with the US)" );; line 84195 (wfb::source-text national_holiday northern_mariana_islands "Commonwealth Day, 8 January (1978)" );; line 84199 (wfb::source-text constitution northern_mariana_islands "Covenant Agreement effective 3 November 1986 and the Constitution of the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands" );; line 84203 (wfb::source-text legal_system northern_mariana_islands "based on US system except for customs, wages, immigration laws, and taxation" );; line 84208 (wfb::source-text suffrage northern_mariana_islands "18 years of age; universal; indigenous inhabitants are US citizens but do not vote in US presidential elections" );; line 84213 (wfb::source-text executive_branch northern_mariana_islands chief_of_state "President William Jefferson CLINTON (since 20 January 1993); Vice President Albert GORE, Jr. (since 20 January 1993)" );; line 84219 (wfb::source-text executive_branch northern_mariana_islands head_of_government "Governor Froilan C. TENORIO (since January 1994); Lieutenant Governor Jesus C. BORJA (since January 1994); election last held in NA November 1993 (next to be held NA November 1997); results - Froilan C. TENORIO (Democrat) was elected governor with 56% of the vote" );; line 84222 (wfb::source-text legislative_structure northern_mariana_islands "bicameral Legislature" );; line 84229 (wfb::source-text legislative_branch northern_mariana_islands senate "elections last held NA November 1993 (next to be held NA November 1995); results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (9 total) Republicans retained a majority of the seats" );; line 84231 (wfb::source-text legislative_branch northern_mariana_islands house_of_representatives "elections last held NA November 1993 (next to be held NA November 1995); results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (18 total) Republicans retained a majority of the seats" );; line 84235 (wfb::source-text legislative_branch northern_mariana_islands us_house_of_representatives "the Commonwealth does not have a nonvoting delegate in Congress; instead, it has an elected official \"resident representative\" located in Washington, DC; seats - (1 total) Juan N. BABAUTA (Republican)" );; line 84239 (wfb::source-text judicial_branch northern_mariana_islands "Commonwealth Supreme Court, Superior Court, Federal District Court" );; line 84245 (wfb::source-text political_parties_and_leaders northern_mariana_islands "Republican Party, Benigno R. FITIAL, Leader; Democratic Party, Dr. Carlos S. CAMACHO, Chairman" );; line 84250 (wfb::source-text member_of northern_mariana_islands "ESCAP (associate), INTERPOL (subbureau), SPC" );; line 84255 (wfb::source-text flag northern_mariana_islands "blue with a white five-pointed star superimposed on the gray silhouette of a latte stone (a traditional foundation stone used in building) in the center" );; line 84259 (wfb::source-text overview northern_mariana_islands "The economy benefits substantially from financial assistance from the US. The rate of funding has declined as locally generated government revenues have grown. An agreement for the years 1986 to 1992 entitled the islands to $228 million for capital development, government operations, and special programs. A rapidly growing major source of income is the tourist industry, which now employs about 50% of the work force. Japanese tourists predominate. The agricultural sector is of minor importance and is made up of cattle ranches and small farms producing coconuts, breadfruit, tomatoes, and melons. Industry is small scale, mostly handicrafts, light manufacturing, and garment production." );; line 84266 (wfb::source-text national_product northern_mariana_islands "GDP - purchasing power parity - $524 million (1994 est.)" );; line 84279 (wfb::source-text national_product_real_growth_rate northern_mariana_islands "NA%" );; line 84285 (wfb::source-text national_product_per_capita northern_mariana_islands "$10,500 (1994 est.)" );; line 84289 (wfb::source-text |Inflation rate (consumer prices)| northern_mariana_islands "6.5% (1994 est.)" );; line 84293 (wfb::source-text unemployment_rate northern_mariana_islands "NA%" );; line 84297 (wfb::source-text budget northern_mariana_islands revenues "$190.4 million" );; line 84302 (wfb::source-text budget northern_mariana_islands expenditures "$190.4 million, including capital expenditures of $19.1 million (FY94/95)" );; line 84304 (wfb::source-text exports northern_mariana_islands "$263.4 million (f.o.b. 1991 est.)" );; line 84309 (wfb::source-text exports northern_mariana_islands commodities "garments" );; line 84311 (wfb::source-text exports northern_mariana_islands partners "NA" );; line 84313 (wfb::source-text imports northern_mariana_islands "$392.4 million (c.i.f. 1991 est.)" );; line 84317 (wfb::source-text imports northern_mariana_islands commodities "food, construction equipment and materials, petroleum products" );; line 84319 (wfb::source-text imports northern_mariana_islands partners "US, Japan" );; line 84321 (wfb::source-text external_debt northern_mariana_islands "$NA" );; line 84325 (wfb::source-text industrial_production northern_mariana_islands "growth rate NA%" );; line 84329 (wfb::source-text electricity northern_mariana_islands capacity "105,000 kW" );; line 84334 (wfb::source-text electricity northern_mariana_islands production "NA kWh" );; line 84336 (wfb::source-text electricity northern_mariana_islands consumption_per_capita "NA kWh" );; line 84338 (wfb::source-text industry northern_mariana_islands "tourism, construction, light industry, handicrafts" );; line 84342 (wfb::source-text agriculture northern_mariana_islands "coconuts, fruits, cattle, vegetables; food is a major import" );; line 84346 (wfb::source-text economic_aid northern_mariana_islands "none" );; line 84350 (wfb::source-text currency northern_mariana_islands "1 United States dollar (US$) = 100 cents" );; line 84354 (wfb::source-text exchange_rates northern_mariana_islands "US currency is used" );; line 84358 (wfb::source-text fiscal_year northern_mariana_islands "1 October - 30 September" );; line 84362 (wfb::source-text railroads northern_mariana_islands "0 km" );; line 84367 (wfb::source-text highways northern_mariana_islands total "381.5 km" );; line 84372 (wfb::source-text highways northern_mariana_islands paved "NA" );; line 84374 (wfb::source-text highways northern_mariana_islands unpaved "NA" );; line 84376 (wfb::source-text highways northern_mariana_islands undifferentiated "primary 134.5 km; secondary 55 km; local 192 km (1991)" );; line 84378 (wfb::source-text inland_waterways northern_mariana_islands "none" );; line 84382 (wfb::source-text port northern_mariana_islands "Saipan, Tinian" );; line 84386 (wfb::source-text merchant_marine northern_mariana_islands "none" );; line 84390 (wfb::source-text airports northern_mariana_islands total "8" );; line 84395 (wfb::source-text airports northern_mariana_islands |with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m| "1" );; line 84397 (wfb::source-text airports northern_mariana_islands |with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m| "3" );; line 84399 (wfb::source-text airports northern_mariana_islands with_paved_runways_under_914_m "3" );; line 84401 (wfb::source-text airports northern_mariana_islands |with unpaved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m| "1" );; line 84403 (wfb::source-text telephone_system northern_mariana_islands "NA telephones" );; line 84408 (wfb::source-text telephone_system northern_mariana_islands local "NA" );; line 84410 (wfb::source-text telephone_system northern_mariana_islands intercity "NA" );; line 84412 (wfb::source-text telephone_system northern_mariana_islands international "2 INTELSAT (Pacific Ocean) earth stations" );; line 84414 (wfb::source-text radio northern_mariana_islands broadcast_stations "AM 2, FM 1, shortwave 0 (1984)" );; line 84419 (wfb::source-text radio northern_mariana_islands radios "NA" );; line 84421 (wfb::source-text television northern_mariana_islands broadcast_stations "1; note - there are 2 cable TV stations" );; line 84426 (wfb::source-text television northern_mariana_islands televisions "NA" );; line 84428 (wfb::source-text note northern_mariana_islands "defense is the responsibility of the US" );; line 84434 (wfb::source-text location norway "Northern Europe, bordering the North Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean, west of Sweden" );; line 84444 (wfb::source-text map_references norway "Europe" );; line 84449 (wfb::source-text area norway total_area "324,220 sq km" );; line 84454 (wfb::source-text area norway land_area "307,860 sq km" );; line 84456 (wfb::source-text area norway comparative_area "slightly larger than New Mexico" );; line 84458 (wfb::source-text borders norway "total 2,515 km, Finland 729 km, Sweden 1,619 km, Russia 167 km" );; line 84462 (wfb::source-text coastline norway "21,925 km (includes mainland 3,419 km, large islands 2,413 km, long fjords, numerous small islands, and minor indentations 16,093 km)" );; line 84466 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims norway contiguous_zone "10 nm" );; line 84472 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims norway continental_shelf "200 nm" );; line 84474 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims norway exclusive_economic_zone "200 nm" );; line 84476 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims norway territorial_sea "4 nm" );; line 84478 (wfb::source-text international_disputes norway "territorial claim in Antarctica (Queen Maud Land); maritime boundary dispute with Russia over portion of Barents Sea" );; line 84482 (wfb::source-text climate norway "temperate along coast, modified by North Atlantic Current; colder interior; rainy year-round on west coast" );; line 84487 (wfb::source-text terrain norway "glaciated; mostly high plateaus and rugged mountains broken by fertile valleys; small, scattered plains; coastline deeply indented by fjords; arctic tundra in north" );; line 84492 (wfb::source-text natural-resource norway "petroleum, copper, natural gas, pyrites, nickel, iron ore, zinc, lead, fish, timber, hydropower" );; line 84498 (wfb::source-text land_use norway arable_land "3%" );; line 84504 (wfb::source-text land_use norway permanent_crops "0%" );; line 84506 (wfb::source-text land_use norway meadows_and_pastures "0%" );; line 84508 (wfb::source-text land_use norway forest_and_woodland "27%" );; line 84510 (wfb::source-text land_use norway other "70%" );; line 84512 (wfb::source-text irrigated_land norway "950 sq km (1989)" );; line 84516 (wfb::source-text environment norway current_issues "water pollution; acid rain damaging forests and adversely affecting lakes, threatening fish stocks; air pollution from vehicle emissions" );; line 84521 (wfb::source-text environment norway natural_hazards "NA" );; line 84524 (wfb::source-text environment norway international_agreements "party to - Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Sulphur 85, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Marine Dumping, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Wetlands, Whaling; signed, but not ratified - Air Pollution-Sulphur 94, Desertification, Law of the Sea, Tropical Timber 94" );; line 84526 (wfb::source-text note norway "about two-thirds mountains; some 50,000 islands off its much indented coastline; strategic location adjacent to sea lanes and air routes in North Atlantic; one of most rugged and longest coastlines in world; Norway and Turkey only NATO members having a land boundary with Russia" );; line 84536 (wfb::source-text population norway "4,330,951 (July 1995 est.)" );; line 84545 (wfb::source-text age_structure norway 0-14_years "19% (female 390,344; male 444,570)" );; line 84550 (wfb::source-text age_structure norway 15-64_years "65% (female 1,375,493; male 1,424,027)" );; line 84552 (wfb::source-text age_structure norway 65_years_and_over "16% (female 408,675; male 287,842) (July 1995 est.)" );; line 84554 (wfb::source-text population_growth_rate norway "0.37% (1995 est.)" );; line 84558 (wfb::source-text birth_rate norway "12.86 births/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 84562 (wfb::source-text death_rate norway "10.35 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 84566 (wfb::source-text net_migration_rate norway "1.15 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 84570 (wfb::source-text infant_mortality_rate norway "6.1 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.)" );; line 84574 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth norway total_population "77.61 years" );; line 84579 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth norway male "74.26 years" );; line 84581 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth norway female "81.15 years (1995 est.)" );; line 84583 (wfb::source-text total_fertility_rate norway "1.76 children born/woman (1995 est.)" );; line 84587 (wfb::source-text nationality norway noun "Norwegian(s)" );; line 84592 (wfb::source-text nationality norway adjective "Norwegian" );; line 84594 (wfb::source-text ethnic-entity norway "Germanic (Nordic, Alpine, Baltic), Lapps (Sami) 20,000" );; line 84598 (wfb::source-text religion norway "Evangelical Lutheran 87.8% (state church), other Protestant and Roman Catholic 3.8%, none 3.2%, unknown 5.2% (1980)" );; line 84602 (wfb::source-text language norway "Norwegian (official)" );; line 84607 (wfb::source-text literacy norway "age 15 and over can read and write (1976 est.)" );; line 84613 (wfb::source-text literacy norway total_population "99%" );; line 84615 (wfb::source-text total_labor_force norway "2.13 million" );; line 84619 (wfb::source-text labor_force_by_occupation norway by_occupation "services 71%, industry 23%, agriculture, forestry, and fishing 6% (1992)" );; line 84621 (wfb::source-text names norway conventional_long_form "Kingdom of Norway" );; line 84628 (wfb::source-text names norway conventional_short_form "Norway" );; line 84630 (wfb::source-text names norway local_long_form "Kongeriket Norge" );; line 84632 (wfb::source-text names norway local_short_form "Norge" );; line 84634 (wfb::source-text digraph norway "NO" );; line 84638 (wfb::source-text type norway "constitutional monarchy" );; line 84642 (wfb::source-text capital norway "Oslo" );; line 84646 (wfb::source-text administrative_divisions norway "19 provinces (fylker, singular - fylke); Akershus, Aust-Agder, Buskerud, Finnmark, Hedmark, Hordaland, More og Romsdal, Nordland, Nord-Trondelag, Oppland, Oslo, Ostfold, Rogaland, Sogn og Fjordane, Sor-Trondelag, Telemark, Troms, Vest-Agder, Vestfold" );; line 84650 (wfb::source-text dependent_areas norway "Bouvet Island, Jan Mayen, Svalbard" );; line 84657 (wfb::source-text independence norway "26 October 1905 (from Sweden)" );; line 84661 (wfb::source-text national_holiday norway "Constitution Day, 17 May (1814)" );; line 84665 (wfb::source-text constitution norway "17 May 1814, modified in 1884" );; line 84669 (wfb::source-text legal_system norway "mixture of customary law, civil law system, and common law traditions; Supreme Court renders advisory opinions to legislature when asked; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations" );; line 84673 (wfb::source-text suffrage norway "18 years of age; universal" );; line 84679 (wfb::source-text executive_branch norway chief_of_state "King HARALD V (since 17 January 1991); Heir Apparent Crown Prince HAAKON MAGNUS (born 20 July 1973)" );; line 84684 (wfb::source-text executive_branch norway head_of_government "Prime Minister Gro Harlem BRUNDTLAND (since 3 November 1990)" );; line 84687 (wfb::source-text executive_branch norway cabinet "State Council; appointed by the king in accordance with the will of the Storting" );; line 84689 (wfb::source-text legislative_structure norway "modified unicameral Parliament (Storting) which, for certain purposes, divides itself into two chambers" );; line 84694 (wfb::source-text legislative_branch norway storting "elections last held 13 September 1993 (next to be held September 1997); results - Labor 37.1%, Center Party 18.5%, Conservatives 15.6%, Christian People's 8.4%, Socialist Left 7.9%, Progress 6%, Left Party 3.6%, Red Electoral Alliance 1.2%; seats - (165 total) Labor 67, Center Party 32, Consevatives 18, Christian People's 13, Socialist Left 13, Progress 10, Left Party 1, Red Electoral Alliance 1, unawarded 10" );; line 84697 (wfb::source-text judicial_branch norway "Supreme Court (Hoyesterett)" );; line 84709 (wfb::source-text political_parties_and_leaders norway "Labor Party, Thorbjorn JAGLUND; Conservative Party, Jan PETERSEN; Center Party, Anne ENGER LAHNSTEIN; Christian People's Party, Kjell Magne BONDEVIK; Socialist Left, Kjellbjorg LUNDE; Norwegian Communist, Kare Andre NILSEN; Progress Party, Carl I. HAGEN; Liberal, Odd Einar DORUM; Left Party; Red Electoral Alliance, Erling FOLKVORD" );; line 84713 (wfb::source-text member_of norway "AfDB, AsDB, Australia Group, BIS, CBSS, CCC, CE, CERN, EBRD, ECE, EFTA, ESA, FAO, GATT, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, INMARSAT, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, MTCR, NACC, NAM (guest), NATO, NC, NEA, NIB, NSG, OECD, OSCE, PCA, UN, UNAVEM II, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIFIL, UNIKOM, UNITAR, UNMOGIP, UNOMOZ, UNPROFOR, UNTSO, UPU, WEU (associate), WHO, WIPO, WMO, ZC" );; line 84721 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us norway chief_of_mission "Ambassador Kjeld VIBE" );; line 84731 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us norway chancery "2720 34th Street NW, Washington, DC 20008" );; line 84733 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us norway telephone "[1] (202) 333-6000" );; line 84735 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us norway fax "[1] (202) 337-0870" );; line 84737 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us norway |consulate(s) general| "Houston, Los Angeles, Minneapolis, New York, and San Francisco" );; line 84739 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us norway |consulate(s)| "Miami" );; line 84741 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation norway chief_of_mission "Ambassador Thomas A. LOFTUS" );; line 84746 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation norway embassy "Drammensveien 18, 0244 Oslo" );; line 84748 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation norway mailing_address "PSC 69, Box 1000, APO AE 09707" );; line 84750 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation norway telephone "[47] 22 44 85 50" );; line 84752 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation norway fax "[47] 22 44 33 63" );; line 84754 (wfb::source-text flag norway "red with a blue cross outlined in white that extends to the edges of the flag; the vertical part of the cross is shifted to the hoist side in the style of the Dannebrog (Danish flag)" );; line 84758 (wfb::source-text overview norway "Norway has a mixed economy involving a combination of free market activity and government intervention. The government controls key areas, such as the vital petroleum sector (through large-scale state enterprises) and extensively subsidizes agriculture, fishing, and areas with sparse resources. Norway also maintains an extensive welfare system that helps propel public sector expenditures to slightly more than 50% of the GDP and results in one of the highest average tax burdens in the world (54%). A small country with a high dependence on international trade, Norway is basically an exporter of raw materials and semiprocessed goods, with an abundance of small- and medium-sized firms, and is ranked among the major shipping nations. The country is richly endowed with natural resources - petroleum, hydropower, fish, forests, and minerals - and is highly dependent on its oil sector to keep its economy afloat. Norway imports more than half its food needs. Although one of the government's main priorities is to reduce this dependency, this situation is not likely to improve for years to come. The government also hopes to reduce unemployment and strengthen and diversify the economy through tax reform and a series of expansionary budgets. The budget deficit is expected to hit a record 8% of GDP because of welfare spending and bail-outs of the banking system. Unemployment is currently running at 8.4% - including those in job programs - because of the weakness of the economy outside the oil sector. Economic growth, only 1.6% in 1993, moved up to 5.5% in 1994. Oslo opted to stay out of the EU during a referendum in November 1994." );; line 84765 (wfb::source-text national_product norway "GDP - purchasing power parity - $95.7 billion (1994 est.)" );; line 84790 (wfb::source-text national_product_real_growth_rate norway "5.5% (1994 est.)" );; line 84794 (wfb::source-text national_product_per_capita norway "$22,170 (1994 est.)" );; line 84798 (wfb::source-text |Inflation rate (consumer prices)| norway "1.3% (1994 est.)" );; line 84802 (wfb::source-text unemployment_rate norway "8.4% (including people in job-training programs; 1994 est.)" );; line 84806 (wfb::source-text budget norway revenues "$50.9 billion" );; line 84811 (wfb::source-text budget norway expenditures "$55.5 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA (1994 est.)" );; line 84813 (wfb::source-text exports norway "$36.6 billion (f.o.b., 1994)" );; line 84817 (wfb::source-text exports norway commodities "petroleum and petroleum products 40%, metals and products 10.6%, fish and fish products 6.9%, chemicals 6.4%, natural gas 6.0%, ships 5.4%" );; line 84819 (wfb::source-text exports norway partners "EC 66.3%, Nordic countries 16.3%, developing countries 8.4%, US 6.0%, Japan 1.8% (1993)" );; line 84822 (wfb::source-text imports norway "$29.3 billion (c.i.f., 1994)" );; line 84827 (wfb::source-text imports norway commodities "machinery and equipment 38.9%, chemicals and other industrial inputs 26.6%, manufactured consumer goods 17.8%, foodstuffs 6.4%" );; line 84829 (wfb::source-text imports norway partners "EC 48.6%, Nordic countries 25.1%, developing countries 9.6%, US 8.1%, Japan 8.0% (1993)" );; line 84832 (wfb::source-text external_debt norway "$NA" );; line 84837 (wfb::source-text industrial_production norway "growth rate 4.6% (1994); accounts for 14% of GDP" );; line 84841 (wfb::source-text electricity norway capacity "27,280,000 kW" );; line 84846 (wfb::source-text electricity norway production "118 billion kWh" );; line 84848 (wfb::source-text electricity norway consumption_per_capita "23,735 kWh (1993)" );; line 84850 (wfb::source-text industry norway "petroleum and gas, food processing, shipbuilding, pulp and paper products, metals, chemicals, timber, mining, textiles, fishing" );; line 84854 (wfb::source-text agriculture norway "accounts for 3% of GDP and about 6% of labor force; among world's top 10 fishing nations; livestock output exceeds value of crops; fish catch of 1.76 million metric tons in 1989" );; line 84859 (wfb::source-text illicit_drugs norway "transshipment point for drugs shipped via the CIS and Baltic states for the European market" );; line 84865 (wfb::source-text economic_aid norway donor "ODA and OOF commitments (1970-89), $4.4 billion" );; line 84871 (wfb::source-text currency norway "1 Norwegian krone (NKr) = 100 oere" );; line 84875 (wfb::source-text exchange_rates norway "Norwegian kroner (NKr) per US$1 - 6.7014 (January 1995), 7.0469 (1994), 7.0941 (1993), 6.2145 (1992), 6.4829 (1991), 6.2597 (1990)" );; line 84879 (wfb::source-text fiscal_year norway "calendar year" );; line 84884 (wfb::source-text railroads norway total "4,026 km" );; line 84890 (wfb::source-text railroads norway standard_gauge "4,026 km 1.435-m gauge (2,422 km electrified; 96 km double track) (1994)" );; line 84892 (wfb::source-text highways norway total "88,922 km" );; line 84898 (wfb::source-text highways norway paved "61,356 km (75 km of expressway)" );; line 84900 (wfb::source-text highways norway unpaved "gravel, crushed stone, earth 27,566 km (1990)" );; line 84902 (wfb::source-text inland_waterways norway "1,577 km along west coast; 2.4 m draft vessels maximum" );; line 84906 (wfb::source-text pipelines norway "refined products 53 km" );; line 84910 (wfb::source-text port norway "Bergen, Drammen, Flora, Hammerfest, Harstad, Haugesund, Kristiansand, Larvik, Narvik, Oslo, Porsgrunn, Stavanger, Tromso, Trondheim" );; line 84914 (wfb::source-text merchant_marine norway total "764 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 20,793,968 GRT/35,409,472 DWT" );; line 84920 (wfb::source-text merchant_marine norway ships_by_type "bulk 159, cargo 92, chemical tanker 85, combination bulk 8, combination ore/oil 28, container 17, liquefied gas tanker 81, oil tanker 162, passenger 13, passenger-cargo 2, railcar carrier 1, refrigerated cargo 13, roll-on/roll-off cargo 54, short-sea passenger 21, vehicle carrier 28" );; line 84923 (wfb::source-text airports norway total "104" );; line 84936 (wfb::source-text airports norway |with paved runways over 3,047 m| "1" );; line 84938 (wfb::source-text airports norway |with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m| "12" );; line 84940 (wfb::source-text airports norway |with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m| "13" );; line 84942 (wfb::source-text airports norway |with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m| "10" );; line 84944 (wfb::source-text airports norway with_paved_runways_under_914_m "62" );; line 84946 (wfb::source-text airports norway |with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m| "6" );; line 84948 (wfb::source-text telephone_system norway "3,102,000 telephones; high-quality domestic and international telephone, telegraph, and telex services" );; line 84953 (wfb::source-text telephone_system norway local "NA" );; line 84956 (wfb::source-text telephone_system norway intercity "domestic earth stations" );; line 84958 (wfb::source-text telephone_system norway international "2 buried coaxial cable systems; 4 coaxial submarine cables; EUTELSAT, INTELSAT (Atlantic Ocean), and MARISAT earth stations" );; line 84960 (wfb::source-text radio norway broadcast_stations "AM 46, FM 493 (350 private and 143 government), shortwave 0" );; line 84966 (wfb::source-text radio norway radios "3.3 million" );; line 84968 (wfb::source-text television norway broadcast_stations "54 (repeaters 2,100)" );; line 84973 (wfb::source-text television norway televisions "1.5 million" );; line 84975 (wfb::source-text defense_branch norway "Norwegian Army, Royal Norwegian Navy, Royal Norwegian Air Force, Home Guard" );; line 84981 (wfb::source-text manpower_availability norway "males age 15-49 1,116,130; males fit for military service 928,774; males reach military age (20) annually 29,123 (1995 est.)" );; line 84986 (wfb::source-text defense_expenditures norway "exchange rate conversion - $3.4 billion, 3.2% of GDP (1994)" );; line 84991 (wfb::source-text location oman "Middle East, bordering the Arabian Sea, Gulf of Oman, and Persian Gulf, between Yemen and the United Arab Emirates" );; line 85002 (wfb::source-text map_references oman "Middle East" );; line 85007 (wfb::source-text area oman total_area "212,460 sq km" );; line 85012 (wfb::source-text area oman land_area "212,460 sq km" );; line 85014 (wfb::source-text area oman comparative_area "slightly smaller than Kansas" );; line 85016 (wfb::source-text borders oman "total 1,374 km, Saudi Arabia 676 km, UAE 410 km, Yemen 288 km" );; line 85020 (wfb::source-text coastline oman "2,092 km" );; line 85024 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims oman contiguous_zone "24 nm" );; line 85029 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims oman exclusive_economic_zone "200 nm" );; line 85031 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims oman territorial_sea "12 nm" );; line 85033 (wfb::source-text international_disputes oman "no defined boundary with most of UAE; Administrative Line with UAE in far north" );; line 85037 (wfb::source-text climate oman "dry desert; hot, humid along coast; hot, dry interior; strong southwest summer monsoon (May to September) in far south" );; line 85042 (wfb::source-text terrain oman "vast central desert plain, rugged mountains in north and south" );; line 85047 (wfb::source-text natural-resource oman "petroleum, copper, asbestos, some marble, limestone, chromium, gypsum, natural gas" );; line 85051 (wfb::source-text land_use oman arable_land "less than 2%" );; line 85057 (wfb::source-text land_use oman permanent_crops "0%" );; line 85059 (wfb::source-text land_use oman meadows_and_pastures "5%" );; line 85061 (wfb::source-text land_use oman forest_and_woodland "0%" );; line 85063 (wfb::source-text land_use oman other "93%" );; line 85065 (wfb::source-text irrigated_land oman "410 sq km (1989 est.)" );; line 85069 (wfb::source-text environment oman current_issues "rising soil salinity; beach pollution from oil spills; very limited natural fresh water resources" );; line 85074 (wfb::source-text environment oman natural_hazards "summer winds often raise large sandstorms and duststorms in interior; periodic droughts" );; line 85077 (wfb::source-text environment oman international_agreements "party to - Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ship Pollution, Whaling; signed, but not ratified - Biodiversity, Climate Change" );; line 85080 (wfb::source-text note oman "strategic location with small foothold on Musandam Peninsula controlling Strait of Hormuz, a vital transit point for world crude oil" );; line 85085 (wfb::source-text population oman "2,125,089 (July 1995 est.)" );; line 85092 (wfb::source-text age_structure oman 0-14_years "46% (female 480,974; male 498,619)" );; line 85097 (wfb::source-text age_structure oman 15-64_years "51% (female 493,685; male 593,740)" );; line 85099 (wfb::source-text age_structure oman 65_years_and_over "3% (female 31,826; male 26,245) (July 1995 est.)" );; line 85101 (wfb::source-text population_growth_rate oman "3.71% (1995 est.)" );; line 85105 (wfb::source-text birth_rate oman "38.05 births/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 85109 (wfb::source-text death_rate oman "5 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 85113 (wfb::source-text net_migration_rate oman "4.09 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 85117 (wfb::source-text infant_mortality_rate oman "34.3 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.)" );; line 85121 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth oman total_population "70.25 years" );; line 85126 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth oman male "68.31 years" );; line 85128 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth oman female "72.29 years (1995 est.)" );; line 85130 (wfb::source-text total_fertility_rate oman "6.16 children born/woman (1995 est.)" );; line 85134 (wfb::source-text nationality oman noun "Omani(s)" );; line 85139 (wfb::source-text nationality oman adjective "Omani" );; line 85141 (wfb::source-text ethnic-entity oman "Arab, Baluchi, South Asian (Indian, Pakistani, Sri Lankan, Bangladeshi)" );; line 85145 (wfb::source-text religion oman "Ibadhi Muslim 75%, Sunni Muslim, Shi'a Muslim, Hindu" );; line 85150 (wfb::source-text language oman "Arabic (official), English, Baluchi, Urdu, Indian dialects" );; line 85154 (wfb::source-text literacy oman "NA%" );; line 85158 (wfb::source-text total_labor_force oman "430,000 (est.)" );; line 85162 (wfb::source-text labor_force_by_occupation oman by_occupation "agriculture 40% (est.)" );; line 85164 (wfb::source-text names oman conventional_long_form "Sultanate of Oman" );; line 85170 (wfb::source-text names oman conventional_short_form "Oman" );; line 85172 (wfb::source-text names oman local_long_form "Saltanat Uman" );; line 85174 (wfb::source-text names oman local_short_form "Uman" );; line 85176 (wfb::source-text digraph oman "MU" );; line 85180 (wfb::source-text type oman "monarchy" );; line 85184 (wfb::source-text capital oman "Muscat" );; line 85188 (wfb::source-text administrative_divisions oman "6 regions (mintaqah, singular - mintaqat) and 2 governorates* (muhafazah, singular - muhafazat) Ad Dakhiliyah, Al Batinah, Al Wusta, Ash Sharqiyah, Az Zahirah, Masqat, Musandam*, Zufar*" );; line 85192 (wfb::source-text independence oman "1650 (expulsion of the Portuguese)" );; line 85198 (wfb::source-text national_holiday oman "National Day, 18 November (1940)" );; line 85202 (wfb::source-text constitution oman "none" );; line 85206 (wfb::source-text legal_system oman "based on English common law and Islamic law; ultimate appeal to the sultan; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction" );; line 85210 (wfb::source-text suffrage oman "none" );; line 85215 (wfb::source-text executive_branch oman chief_of_state_and_head_of_government "Sultan and Prime Minister QABOOS bin Said Al Said (since 23 July 1970)" );; line 85220 (wfb::source-text executive_branch oman cabinet "Cabinet" );; line 85223 (wfb::source-text legislative_structure oman "unicameral Consultative Council" );; line 85227 (wfb::source-text judicial_branch oman "none; traditional Islamic judges and a nascent civil court system" );; line 85231 (wfb::source-text political_parties_and_leaders oman "none" );; line 85235 (wfb::source-text other_political_or_pressure_groups oman "NA" );; line 85239 (wfb::source-text member_of oman "ABEDA, AFESD, AL, AMF, ESCWA, FAO, G-77, GCC, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, ILO, IMF, IMO, INMARSAT, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, ISO (correspondent), ITU, NAM, OIC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WMO" );; line 85243 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us oman chief_of_mission "Ambassador Abdallah bin Muhammad bin Aqil al-DHAHAB" );; line 85250 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us oman chancery "2535 Belmont Rd. NW, Washington, DC 20008" );; line 85252 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us oman telephone "[1] (202) 387-1980 through 1982" );; line 85254 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us oman fax "[1] (202) 745-4933" );; line 85256 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation oman chief_of_mission "Ambassador David J. DUNFORD" );; line 85261 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation oman embassy "address NA, Muscat" );; line 85263 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation oman mailing_address "P. O. Box 202, Code No. 115, Muscat" );; line 85265 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation oman telephone "[968] 698989" );; line 85267 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation oman fax "[968] 699779" );; line 85269 (wfb::source-text flag oman "three horizontal bands of white (top, double width), red, and green (double width) with a broad, vertical, red band on the hoist side; the national emblem (a khanjar dagger in its sheath superimposed on two crossed swords in scabbards) in white is centered at the top of the vertical band" );; line 85273 (wfb::source-text overview oman "Economic performance is closely tied to the fortunes of the oil industry, including trends in international oil prices and the ability of OPEC producers to agree on output quotas. Petroleum accounts for more than 85% of export earnings, about 80% of government revenues, and roughly 40% of GDP. Oman has proved oil reserves of 4 billion barrels, equivalent to about 20 years' supply at the current rate of extraction. Agriculture is carried on at a subsistence level and the general population depends on imported food. The government is encouraging private investment, both domestic and foreign, as a prime force for further economic development." );; line 85281 (wfb::source-text national_product oman "GDP - purchasing power parity - $17 billion (1994 est.)" );; line 85293 (wfb::source-text national_product_real_growth_rate oman "0.5% (1994 est.)" );; line 85297 (wfb::source-text national_product_per_capita oman "$10,020 (1994 est.)" );; line 85301 (wfb::source-text |Inflation rate (consumer prices)| oman "1.2% (1994 est.)" );; line 85305 (wfb::source-text unemployment_rate oman "NA%" );; line 85309 (wfb::source-text budget oman revenues "$4.4 billion" );; line 85314 (wfb::source-text budget oman expenditures "$5.2 billion, including capital expenditures of $1 billion (1994 est.)" );; line 85316 (wfb::source-text exports oman "$4.8 billion (f.o.b., 1994 est.)" );; line 85321 (wfb::source-text exports oman commodities "petroleum 87%, re-exports, fish, processed copper, textiles" );; line 85323 (wfb::source-text exports oman partners "UAE 33%, Japan 20%, South Korea 14%, China 7% (1993)" );; line 85325 (wfb::source-text imports oman "$4.1 billion (c.i.f., 1994 est.)" );; line 85329 (wfb::source-text imports oman commodities "machinery, transportation equipment, manufactured goods, food, livestock, lubricants" );; line 85331 (wfb::source-text imports oman partners "UAE 24% (largely re-exports), Japan 21%, UK 12%, US 7%, France 6% (1993)" );; line 85334 (wfb::source-text external_debt oman "$3 billion (1993)" );; line 85339 (wfb::source-text industrial_production oman "growth rate 8.6% (1991); accounts for almost 60% of GDP, including petroleum" );; line 85343 (wfb::source-text electricity oman capacity "1,540,000 kW" );; line 85349 (wfb::source-text electricity oman production "6 billion kWh" );; line 85351 (wfb::source-text electricity oman consumption_per_capita "3,407 kWh (1993)" );; line 85353 (wfb::source-text industry oman "crude oil production and refining, natural gas production, construction, cement, copper" );; line 85357 (wfb::source-text agriculture oman "accounts for 4% of GDP and 40% of the labor force (including fishing); less than 2% of land cultivated; largely subsistence farming (dates, limes, bananas, alfalfa, vegetables, camels, cattle); not self-sufficient in food; annual fish catch averages 100,000 metric tons" );; line 85362 (wfb::source-text economic_aid oman recipient "US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-89), $137 million; Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-89), $148 million; OPEC bilateral aid (1979-89), $797 million" );; line 85370 (wfb::source-text currency oman "1 Omani rial (RO) = 1,000 baiza" );; line 85376 (wfb::source-text exchange_rates oman "Omani rials (RO) per US$1 - 0.3845 (fixed rate since 1986)" );; line 85380 (wfb::source-text fiscal_year oman "calendar year" );; line 85384 (wfb::source-text railroads oman "0 km" );; line 85389 (wfb::source-text highways oman total "26,000 km" );; line 85394 (wfb::source-text highways oman paved "5,000 km" );; line 85396 (wfb::source-text highways oman unpaved "21,000 km (1992 est.)" );; line 85398 (wfb::source-text pipelines oman "crude oil 1,300 km; natural gas 1,030 km" );; line 85402 (wfb::source-text port oman "Mina' al Fahl, Mina' Qabus, Mina' Raysut" );; line 85406 (wfb::source-text merchant_marine oman total "1 passenger ship (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 4,442 GRT/1,320 DWT" );; line 85411 (wfb::source-text airports oman total "140" );; line 85416 (wfb::source-text airports oman |with paved runways over 3,047 m| "4" );; line 85418 (wfb::source-text airports oman |with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m| "1" );; line 85420 (wfb::source-text airports oman |with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m| "1" );; line 85422 (wfb::source-text airports oman with_paved_runways_under_914_m "36" );; line 85424 (wfb::source-text airports oman |with unpaved runways over 3,047 m| "3" );; line 85426 (wfb::source-text airports oman |with unpaved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m| "3" );; line 85428 (wfb::source-text airports oman |with unpaved runways 1,524 to 2,438 m| "61" );; line 85430 (wfb::source-text airports oman |with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m| "31" );; line 85432 (wfb::source-text telephone_system oman "50,000 telephones; modern system consisting of open-wire, microwave, and radio communications stations; limited coaxial cable" );; line 85437 (wfb::source-text telephone_system oman local "NA" );; line 85440 (wfb::source-text telephone_system oman intercity "open wire, microwave, radio communications, and 8 domestic satellite links" );; line 85442 (wfb::source-text telephone_system oman international "2 INTELSAT (Indian Ocean) and 1 ARABSAT earth station" );; line 85445 (wfb::source-text radio oman broadcast_stations "AM 2, FM 3, shortwave 0" );; line 85450 (wfb::source-text radio oman radios "NA" );; line 85452 (wfb::source-text television oman broadcast_stations "7" );; line 85457 (wfb::source-text television oman televisions "NA" );; line 85459 (wfb::source-text defense_branch oman "Army, Navy, Air Force, Royal Oman Police" );; line 85465 (wfb::source-text manpower_availability oman "males age 15-49 520,428; males fit for military service 294,993; males reach military age (14) annually 26,065 (1995 est.)" );; line 85469 (wfb::source-text defense_expenditures oman "exchange rate conversion - $1.7 billion, 14.2% of GDP (1995 est.)" );; line 85474 (wfb::source-text location pacific_ocean "body of water between Antarctica, Asia, Australia, and the Western Hemisphere" );; line 85485 (wfb::source-text map_references pacific_ocean "World" );; line 85490 (wfb::source-text area pacific_ocean total_area "165.384 million sq km" );; line 85495 (wfb::source-text area pacific_ocean comparative_area "about 18 times the size of the US; the largest ocean (followed by the Atlantic Ocean, the Indian Ocean, and the Arctic Ocean); covers about one-third of the global surface; larger than the total land area of the world" );; line 85497 (wfb::source-text coastline pacific_ocean "135,663 km" );; line 85508 (wfb::source-text international_disputes pacific_ocean "some maritime disputes (see littoral states)" );; line 85512 (wfb::source-text climate pacific_ocean "the western Pacific is monsoonal - a rainy season occurs during the summer months, when moisture-laden winds blow from the ocean over the land, and a dry season during the winter months, when dry winds blow from the Asian land mass back to the ocean" );; line 85516 (wfb::source-text terrain pacific_ocean "surface currents in the northern Pacific are dominated by a clockwise, warm-water gyre (broad circular system of currents) and in the southern Pacific by a counterclockwise, cool-water gyre; in the northern Pacific sea ice forms in the Bering Sea and Sea of Okhotsk in winter; in the southern Pacific sea ice from Antarctica reaches its northernmost extent in October; the ocean floor in the eastern Pacific is dominated by the East Pacific Rise, while the western Pacific is dissected by deep trenches, including the world's deepest, the 10,924 meter Marianas Trench" );; line 85523 (wfb::source-text natural-resource pacific_ocean "oil and gas fields, polymetallic nodules, sand and gravel aggregates, placer deposits, fish" );; line 85534 (wfb::source-text environment pacific_ocean current_issues "endangered marine species include the dugong, sea lion, sea otter, seals, turtles, and whales; oil pollution in Philippine Sea and South China Sea" );; line 85540 (wfb::source-text environment pacific_ocean natural_hazards "surrounded by a zone of violent volcanic and earthquake activity sometimes referred to as the Pacific Ring of Fire; subject to tropical cyclones (typhoons) in southeast and east Asia from May to December (most frequent from July to October); tropical cyclones (hurricanes) may form south of Mexico and strike Central America and Mexico from June to October (most common in August and September); southern shipping lanes subject to icebergs from Antarctica; occasional El Nino phenomenon occurs off the coast of Peru when the trade winds slacken and the warm Equatorial Countercurrent moves south, killing the plankton that is the primary food source for anchovies; consequently, the anchovies move to better feeding grounds, causing resident marine birds to starve by the thousands because of their lost food source; ships subject to superstructure icing in extreme north from October to May and in extreme south from May to October; persistent fog in the northern Pacific can be a maritime hazard from June to December" );; line 85544 (wfb::source-text environment pacific_ocean international_agreements "NA" );; line 85559 (wfb::source-text note pacific_ocean "the major choke points are the Bering Strait, Panama Canal, Luzon Strait, and the Singapore Strait; the Equator divides the Pacific Ocean into the North Pacific Ocean and the South Pacific Ocean; dotted with low coral islands and rugged volcanic islands in the southwestern Pacific Ocean" );; line 85563 (wfb::source-text digraph pacific_ocean "ZN" );; line 85576 (wfb::source-text overview pacific_ocean "The Pacific Ocean is a major contributor to the world economy and particularly to those nations its waters directly touch. It provides low-cost sea transportation between East and West, extensive fishing grounds, offshore oil and gas fields, minerals, and sand and gravel for the construction industry. In 1985 over half (54%) of the world's fish catch came from the Pacific Ocean, which is the only ocean where the fish catch has increased every year since 1978. Exploitation of offshore oil and gas reserves is playing an ever-increasing role in the energy supplies of Australia, NZ, China, US, and Peru. The high cost of recovering offshore oil and gas, combined with the wide swings in world prices for oil since 1985, has slowed but not stopped new drillings." );; line 85581 (wfb::source-text industry pacific_ocean "fishing, oil and gas production" );; line 85595 (wfb::source-text port pacific_ocean "Bangkok (Thailand), Hong Kong, Los Angeles (US), Manila (Philippines), Pusan (South Korea), San Francisco (US), Seattle (US), Shanghai (China), Singapore, Sydney (Australia), Vladivostok (Russia), Wellington (NZ), Yokohama (Japan)" );; line 85600 (wfb::source-text telephone_system pacific_ocean international "several submarine cables with network nodal points on Guam and Hawaii" );; line 85609 (wfb::source-text location pakistan "Southern Asia, bordering the Arabian Sea, between India and Iran" );; line 85625 (wfb::source-text map_references pakistan "Asia" );; line 85629 (wfb::source-text area pakistan total_area "803,940 sq km" );; line 85634 (wfb::source-text area pakistan land_area "778,720 sq km" );; line 85636 (wfb::source-text area pakistan comparative_area "slightly less than twice the size of California" );; line 85638 (wfb::source-text borders pakistan "total 6,774 km, Afghanistan 2,430 km, China 523 km, India 2,912 km, Iran 909 km" );; line 85642 (wfb::source-text coastline pakistan "1,046 km" );; line 85647 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims pakistan contiguous_zone "24 nm" );; line 85652 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims pakistan continental_shelf "200 nm or to the edge of the continental margin" );; line 85654 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims pakistan exclusive_economic_zone "200 nm" );; line 85656 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims pakistan territorial_sea "12 nm" );; line 85658 (wfb::source-text international_disputes pakistan "status of Kashmir with India; border question with Afghanistan (Durand Line); water-sharing problems (Wular Barrage) over the Indus with upstream riparian India" );; line 85662 (wfb::source-text climate pakistan "mostly hot, dry desert; temperate in northwest; arctic in north" );; line 85668 (wfb::source-text terrain pakistan "flat Indus plain in east; mountains in north and northwest; Balochistan plateau in west" );; line 85672 (wfb::source-text natural-resource pakistan "land, extensive natural gas reserves, limited petroleum, poor quality coal, iron ore, copper, salt, limestone" );; line 85677 (wfb::source-text land_use pakistan arable_land "23%" );; line 85683 (wfb::source-text land_use pakistan permanent_crops "0%" );; line 85685 (wfb::source-text land_use pakistan meadows_and_pastures "6%" );; line 85687 (wfb::source-text land_use pakistan forest_and_woodland "4%" );; line 85689 (wfb::source-text land_use pakistan other "67% (1993)" );; line 85691 (wfb::source-text irrigated_land pakistan "170,000 sq km (1992)" );; line 85695 (wfb::source-text environment pakistan current_issues "water pollution from raw sewage, industrial wastes, and agricultural runoff; limited natural fresh water resources; a majority of the population does not have access to potable water; deforestation; soil erosion; desertification" );; line 85700 (wfb::source-text environment pakistan natural_hazards "frequent earthquakes, occasionally severe especially in north and west; flooding along the Indus after heavy rains (July and August)" );; line 85705 (wfb::source-text environment pakistan international_agreements "party to - Biodiversity, Climate Change, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands; signed, but not ratified - Desertification, Law of the Sea, Marine Life Conservation" );; line 85708 (wfb::source-text note pakistan "controls Khyber Pass and Bolan Pass, traditional invasion routes between Central Asia and the Indian Subcontinent" );; line 85715 (wfb::source-text population pakistan "131,541,920 (July 1995 est.)" );; line 85722 (wfb::source-text age_structure pakistan 0-14_years "44% (female 28,033,354; male 29,777,818)" );; line 85727 (wfb::source-text age_structure pakistan 15-64_years "52% (female 33,456,410; male 35,109,482)" );; line 85729 (wfb::source-text age_structure pakistan 65_years_and_over "4% (female 2,556,846; male 2,608,010) (July 1995 est.)" );; line 85731 (wfb::source-text population_growth_rate pakistan "1.28% (1995 est.)" );; line 85735 (wfb::source-text birth_rate pakistan "41.8 births/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 85739 (wfb::source-text death_rate pakistan "12.07 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 85743 (wfb::source-text net_migration_rate pakistan "-16.93 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 85747 (wfb::source-text infant_mortality_rate pakistan "99.5 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.)" );; line 85751 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth pakistan total_population "57.86 years" );; line 85756 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth pakistan male "57.18 years" );; line 85758 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth pakistan female "58.56 years (1995 est.)" );; line 85760 (wfb::source-text total_fertility_rate pakistan "6.35 children born/woman (1995 est.)" );; line 85764 (wfb::source-text nationality pakistan noun "Pakistani(s)" );; line 85769 (wfb::source-text nationality pakistan adjective "Pakistani" );; line 85771 (wfb::source-text ethnic-entity pakistan "Punjabi, Sindhi, Pashtun (Pathan), Baloch, Muhajir (immigrants from India and their descendents)" );; line 85775 (wfb::source-text religion pakistan "Muslim 97% (Sunni 77%, Shi'a 20%), Christian, Hindu, and other 3%" );; line 85780 (wfb::source-text language pakistan "Urdu (official), English (official; lingua franca of Pakistani elite and most government ministries), Punjabi 64%, Sindhi 12%, Pashtu 8%, Urdu 7%, Balochi and other 9%" );; line 85785 (wfb::source-text literacy pakistan "age 15 and over can read and write (1990 est.)" );; line 85791 (wfb::source-text literacy pakistan total_population "35%" );; line 85793 (wfb::source-text literacy pakistan male "47%" );; line 85795 (wfb::source-text literacy pakistan female "21%" );; line 85797 (wfb::source-text total_labor_force pakistan "36 million" );; line 85801 (wfb::source-text labor_force_by_occupation pakistan by_occupation "agriculture 46%, mining and manufacturing 18%, services 17%, other 19%" );; line 85803 (wfb::source-text names pakistan conventional_long_form "Islamic Republic of Pakistan" );; line 85812 (wfb::source-text names pakistan conventional_short_form "Pakistan" );; line 85814 (wfb::source-text names pakistan former "West Pakistan" );; line 85816 (wfb::source-text digraph pakistan "PK" );; line 85820 (wfb::source-text type pakistan "republic" );; line 85824 (wfb::source-text capital pakistan "Islamabad" );; line 85828 (wfb::source-text administrative_divisions pakistan "4 provinces, 1 territory*, and 1 capital territory**; Balochistan, Federally Administered Tribal Areas*, Islamabad Capital Territory**, North-West Frontier, Punjab, Sindh" );; line 85832 (wfb::source-text independence pakistan "14 August 1947 (from UK)" );; line 85841 (wfb::source-text national_holiday pakistan "Pakistan Day, 23 March (1956) (proclamation of the republic)" );; line 85845 (wfb::source-text constitution pakistan "10 April 1973, suspended 5 July 1977, restored with amendments 30 December 1985" );; line 85849 (wfb::source-text legal_system pakistan "based on English common law with provisions to accommodate Pakistan's stature as an Islamic state; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations" );; line 85854 (wfb::source-text suffrage pakistan "21 years of age; universal; separate electorates and reserved parliamentary seats for non-Muslims" );; line 85860 (wfb::source-text executive_branch pakistan chief_of_state "President Sardar Farooq LEGHARI; election last held 13 November 1993 (next to be held no later than 14 October 1998); results - LEGHARI was elected by Parliament and the four provincial assemblies" );; line 85866 (wfb::source-text executive_branch pakistan head_of_government "Prime Minister Benazir BHUTTO" );; line 85870 (wfb::source-text executive_branch pakistan cabinet "Cabinet" );; line 85872 (wfb::source-text legislative_structure pakistan "bicameral Parliament (Majlis-e-Shoora)" );; line 85876 (wfb::source-text legislative_branch pakistan senate "elections last held NA March 1994 (next to be held NA March 1997); results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (87 total) PPP 22, PML/N 17; Tribal Area Representatives (nonparty) 8, ANP 6, PML/J 5, JWP 5, MQM/A 5, JUI/F 2, PKMAP 2, JI 2, NPP 2, BNM/H 1, BNM/M 1, JUP/NI 1, JUP/NO 1, JAH 1, JUI/S 1, PML/F 1, PNP 1, independents 2, vacant 1" );; line 85878 (wfb::source-text legislative_branch pakistan national_assembly "elections last held 6 October 1993 (next to be held by October 1998); results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (217 total) PPP 92, PML/N 75, PML/J 6, IJM-Islamic Democratic Front 4, ANP 3, PKMAP 4, PIF 3, JWP 2, MDM 2, BNM/H 1, BNM/M 1, NDA 1, NPP 1, PKQP 1, Religious minorities 10 reserved seats, independents 9, results pending 2" );; line 85884 (wfb::source-text judicial_branch pakistan "Supreme Court, Federal Islamic (Shari'at) Court" );; line 85892 (wfb::source-text political_parties_and_leaders pakistan government "Pakistan People's Party (PPP), Benazir BHUTTO; Pakistan Muslim League, Junejo faction (PML/J), Hamid Nasir CHATTHA; National People's Party (NPP), Ghulam Mustapha JATOI; Pakhtun Khwa Milli Awami Party (PKMAP), Mahmood Khan ACHAKZAI; Balochistan National Movement, Hayee Group (BNM/H), Dr. HAYEE Baluch; National Democratic Alliance (NDA), Maulana Kausar NIAZI; Pakhtun Quami Party (PKQP), Mohammed AFZAL Khan; Jamhoori Watan Party (JWP), Akbar Khan BUGTI" );; line 85897 (wfb::source-text political_parties_and_leaders pakistan opposition "Pakistan Muslim League, Nawaz Sharif faction (PML/N), Nawaz SHARIF; Awami National Party (ANP), Khan Abdul WALI KHAN; Pakistan Islamic Front (PIF), Qazi Hussain AHMED; Balochistan National Movement, Mengal Group (BNM/M), Sardar Akhtar MENGAL; Mohajir Quami Movement, Altaf faction (MQM/A), Altaf HUSSAIN; Jamaat-i-Islami (JI), Qazi Hussain AHMED; Jamiat-al-Hadith (JAH)" );; line 85905 (wfb::source-text political_parties_and_leaders pakistan frequently_shifting "Mutaheda Deeni Mahaz (MDM), Maulana Sami-ul-HAQ, the MDM includes Jamiat Ulema-i-Pakistan, Niazi faction (JUP/NI) and Anjuman Sepah-i-Sahaba Pakistan (ASSP); Islami-Jamhoori-Mahaz (IJM-Islamic Democratic Party), the IJM includes Jamiat Ulema-i-Islami, Fazlur Rehman group (JUI/F); Jamiat Ulema-i-Pakistan, Noorani faction (JUP/NO); Jamiat Ulema-i-Islam, Sami-ul-Haq faction (JUI/S); Pakistan Muslim League, Functional Group (PML/F); Pakistan National Party (PNP)" );; line 85912 (wfb::source-text other_political_or_pressure_groups pakistan "military remains important political force; ulema (clergy), landowners, industrialists, and small merchants also influential" );; line 85924 (wfb::source-text member_of pakistan "AsDB, C, CCC, CP, ECO, ESCAP, FAO, G-19, G-24, G-77, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, INMARSAT, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, MINURSO, NAM, OAS (observer), OIC, PCA, SAARC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIKOM, UNITAR, UNOMIL, UNOSOM, UNPROFOR, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO" );; line 85929 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us pakistan chief_of_mission "Ambassador Maleeha LODHI" );; line 85938 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us pakistan chancery "2315 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008" );; line 85940 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us pakistan telephone "[1] (202) 939-6200" );; line 85942 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us pakistan fax "[1] (202) 387-0484" );; line 85944 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us pakistan |consulate(s) general| "Los Angeles and New York" );; line 85946 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation pakistan chief_of_mission "Ambassador John C. MONJO" );; line 85951 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation pakistan embassy "Diplomatic Enclave, Ramna 5, Islamabad" );; line 85953 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation pakistan mailing_address "P. O. Box 1048, PSC 1212, Box 2000, Unit 6220, Islamabad; APO AE 09812-2000" );; line 85955 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation pakistan telephone "[92] (51) 826161 through 826179" );; line 85958 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation pakistan fax "[92] (51) 214222" );; line 85960 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation pakistan |consulate(s) general| "Karachi, Lahore" );; line 85962 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation pakistan |consulate(s)| "Peshawar" );; line 85964 (wfb::source-text flag pakistan "green with a vertical white band (symbolizing the role of religious minorities) on the hoist side; a large white crescent and star are centered in the green field; the crescent, star, and color green are traditional symbols of Islam" );; line 85968 (wfb::source-text overview pakistan "The Pakistani economy has made progress in several key areas since Benazir BHUTTO became Prime Minister in October 1993. She has been under pressure from international donors and the IMF - which gave Pakistan a $1.3 billion structural adjustment credit in February 1994 - to continue the economic reforms and austerity measures begun by her predecessor, caretaker Prime Minister Moeen QURESHI (July-October 1993). Foreign exchange reserves climbed to more than $3 billion in 1994, and the budget deficit was substantially reduced. Real GDP growth was 4% in FY93/94, up from 2.3% in FY92/93. Foreign direct and portfolio investment also have increased. Privatization of large public sector utilities began in 1994 with the sale of 12% of the Pakistan Telecommunications Corporation (PTC) and the Water and Power Development Authority (WAPDA); the sale of state-owned banks and other large units are planned for 1995. Still, the government must cope with long-standing economic vulnerabilities - high levels of debt service and defense spending, a small tax base, a huge population, and dependence on cotton-based exports - which hamper its ability to create a stable economic environment. In addition, Pakistan's infrastructure is inadequate and deteriorating, low levels of literacy constrain industrial growth, and increasing sectarian, ethnic, and tribal violence disrupt production." );; line 85976 (wfb::source-text national_product pakistan "GDP - purchasing power parity - $248.5 billion (1994 est.)" );; line 85998 (wfb::source-text national_product_real_growth_rate pakistan "4% (1994 est.)" );; line 86002 (wfb::source-text national_product_per_capita pakistan "$1,930 (1994 est.)" );; line 86006 (wfb::source-text |Inflation rate (consumer prices)| pakistan "12% (FY93/94)" );; line 86010 (wfb::source-text unemployment_rate pakistan "10% (FY90/91 est.)" );; line 86014 (wfb::source-text budget pakistan revenues "$10.5 billion" );; line 86019 (wfb::source-text budget pakistan expenditures "$11.2 billion, including capital expenditures of $3.1 billion (FY93/94)" );; line 86021 (wfb::source-text exports pakistan "$6.7 billion (1993)" );; line 86026 (wfb::source-text exports pakistan commodities "cotton, textiles, clothing, rice, leather, carpets" );; line 86028 (wfb::source-text exports pakistan partners "US, Japan, Hong Kong, Germany, UK, UAE, France" );; line 86030 (wfb::source-text imports pakistan "$9.5 billion (1993)" );; line 86034 (wfb::source-text imports pakistan commodities "petroleum, petroleum products, machinery, transportation equipment, vegetable oils, animal fats, chemicals" );; line 86036 (wfb::source-text imports pakistan partners "Japan, US, Germany, UK, Saudi Arabia, Malaysia, South Korea" );; line 86039 (wfb::source-text external_debt pakistan "$24 billion (1993 est.)" );; line 86043 (wfb::source-text industrial_production pakistan "growth rate 5.6% (FY93/94); accounts for 18% of GDP" );; line 86047 (wfb::source-text electricity pakistan capacity "10,800,000 kW (1994)" );; line 86052 (wfb::source-text electricity pakistan production "52.4 billion kWh" );; line 86054 (wfb::source-text electricity pakistan consumption_per_capita "389 kWh (1993)" );; line 86056 (wfb::source-text industry pakistan "textiles, food processing, beverages, construction materials, clothing, paper products, shrimp" );; line 86060 (wfb::source-text agriculture pakistan "24% of GDP; world's largest contiguous irrigation system; major crops - cotton, wheat, rice, sugarcane, fruits, vegetables; livestock products - milk, beef, mutton, eggs" );; line 86065 (wfb::source-text illicit_drugs pakistan "major illicit producer of opium and hashish for the international drug trade; remains world's third largest opium producer (160 metric tons in 1994); major center for processing Afghan heroin and key transit area for Southwest Asian heroin moving to Western market" );; line 86071 (wfb::source-text economic_aid pakistan recipient "$2.5 billion (FY91/92); $2.5 billion (FY92/93); $2.5 billion (FY93/94); no US commitments, includes bi- and multilateral aid" );; line 86079 (wfb::source-text currency pakistan "1 Pakistani rupee (PRe) = 100 paisa" );; line 86084 (wfb::source-text exchange_rates pakistan "Pakistani rupees (PRs) per US$1 - 30.860 (January 1995), 30.570 (1994), 28.107 (1993), 25.083 (1992), 23.801 (1991), 21.707 (1990)" );; line 86088 (wfb::source-text fiscal_year pakistan "1 July - 30 June" );; line 86093 (wfb::source-text railroads pakistan total "8,773 km" );; line 86099 (wfb::source-text railroads pakistan broad_gauge "7,718 km 1.676-m gauge (286 km electrified; 1,037 double track)" );; line 86101 (wfb::source-text railroads pakistan narrow_gauge "445 km 1.000-m gauge; 610 km less than 1.000-m gauge (1985)" );; line 86103 (wfb::source-text highways pakistan total "177,410 km" );; line 86108 (wfb::source-text highways pakistan paved "94,027 km" );; line 86110 (wfb::source-text highways pakistan unpaved "83,383 km (1991 est.)" );; line 86112 (wfb::source-text pipelines pakistan "crude oil 250 km; petroleum products 885 km; natural gas 4,044 km (1987)" );; line 86116 (wfb::source-text port pakistan "Gwadar, Karachi, Ormaro (under construction), Port Muhammad bin Qasim" );; line 86121 (wfb::source-text merchant_marine pakistan total "30 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 352,189 GRT/532,782 DWT" );; line 86127 (wfb::source-text merchant_marine pakistan ships_by_type "bulk 1, cargo 25, oil tanker 1, passenger-cargo 3" );; line 86129 (wfb::source-text airports pakistan total "119" );; line 86134 (wfb::source-text airports pakistan |with paved runways over 3,047 m| "12" );; line 86136 (wfb::source-text airports pakistan |with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m| "21" );; line 86138 (wfb::source-text airports pakistan |with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m| "33" );; line 86140 (wfb::source-text airports pakistan |with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m| "14" );; line 86142 (wfb::source-text airports pakistan with_paved_runways_under_914_m "24" );; line 86144 (wfb::source-text airports pakistan |with unpaved runways 1,524 to 2,438 m| "7" );; line 86146 (wfb::source-text airports pakistan |with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m| "8" );; line 86148 (wfb::source-text telephone_system pakistan "NA telephones; about 7 telephones/1,000 persons; the domestic telephone system is poor, adequate only for government and business use; the system for international traffic is better" );; line 86153 (wfb::source-text telephone_system pakistan local "NA" );; line 86157 (wfb::source-text telephone_system pakistan intercity "microwave radio relay" );; line 86159 (wfb::source-text telephone_system pakistan international "3 INTELSAT (1 Atlantic Ocean and 2 Indian Ocean) earth stations; microwave radio relay" );; line 86161 (wfb::source-text radio pakistan broadcast_stations "AM 19, FM 8, shortwave 0" );; line 86167 (wfb::source-text radio pakistan radios "NA" );; line 86169 (wfb::source-text television pakistan broadcast_stations "29" );; line 86174 (wfb::source-text television pakistan televisions "NA" );; line 86176 (wfb::source-text defense_branch pakistan "Army, Navy, Air Force, Civil Armed Forces, National Guard, paramilitary/security forces" );; line 86182 (wfb::source-text manpower_availability pakistan "males age 15-49 30,219,551; males fit for military service 18,544,008; males reach military age (17) annually 1,429,719 (1995 est.)" );; line 86187 (wfb::source-text defense_expenditures pakistan "exchange rate conversion - $3.2 billion, 5.6% of GDP (FY94/95)" );; line 86192 (wfb::source-text location palau "Oceania, group of islands in the North Pacific Ocean, southeast of the Philippines" );; line 86202 (wfb::source-text map_references palau "Oceania" );; line 86207 (wfb::source-text area palau total_area "458 sq km" );; line 86212 (wfb::source-text area palau land_area "458 sq km" );; line 86214 (wfb::source-text area palau comparative_area "slightly more than 2.5 times the size of Washington, DC" );; line 86216 (wfb::source-text borders palau "0 km" );; line 86220 (wfb::source-text coastline palau "1,519 km" );; line 86224 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims palau continental_shelf "200-m depth or to depth of exploitation" );; line 86229 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims palau exclusive_fishing_zone "200 nm" );; line 86231 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims palau territorial_sea "3 nm" );; line 86233 (wfb::source-text international_disputes palau "none" );; line 86237 (wfb::source-text climate palau "wet season May to November; hot and humid" );; line 86241 (wfb::source-text terrain palau "about 200 islands varying geologically from the high, mountainous main island of Babelthuap to low, coral islands usually fringed by large barrier reefs" );; line 86245 (wfb::source-text natural-resource palau "forests, minerals (especially gold), marine products, deep-seabed minerals" );; line 86251 (wfb::source-text land_use palau arable_land "NA%" );; line 86257 (wfb::source-text land_use palau permanent_crops "NA%" );; line 86259 (wfb::source-text land_use palau meadows_and_pastures "NA%" );; line 86261 (wfb::source-text land_use palau forest_and_woodland "NA%" );; line 86263 (wfb::source-text land_use palau other "NA%" );; line 86265 (wfb::source-text irrigated_land palau "NA sq km" );; line 86269 (wfb::source-text environment palau current_issues "inadequate facilities for disposal of solid waste; threats to the marine ecosystem from sand and coral dredging and illegal fishing practices that involve the use of dynamite" );; line 86274 (wfb::source-text environment palau natural_hazards "typhoons (June to December)" );; line 86278 (wfb::source-text environment palau international_agreements "NA" );; line 86280 (wfb::source-text note palau "includes World War II battleground of Beliliou (Peleliu) and world-famous rock islands; archipelago of six island groups totaling over 200 islands in the Caroline chain" );; line 86284 (wfb::source-text population palau "16,661 (July 1995 est.)" );; line 86292 (wfb::source-text age_structure palau 0-14_years "NA" );; line 86297 (wfb::source-text age_structure palau 15-64_years "NA" );; line 86299 (wfb::source-text age_structure palau 65_years_and_over "NA" );; line 86301 (wfb::source-text population_growth_rate palau "1.76% (1995 est.)" );; line 86305 (wfb::source-text birth_rate palau "22.11 births/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 86309 (wfb::source-text death_rate palau "6.61 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 86313 (wfb::source-text net_migration_rate palau "2.12 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 86317 (wfb::source-text infant_mortality_rate palau "25.07 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.)" );; line 86321 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth palau total_population "71.01 years" );; line 86326 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth palau male "69.14 years" );; line 86328 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth palau female "73.02 years (1995 est.)" );; line 86330 (wfb::source-text total_fertility_rate palau "2.85 children born/woman (1995 est.)" );; line 86334 (wfb::source-text nationality palau noun "Palauan(s)" );; line 86339 (wfb::source-text nationality palau adjective "Palauan" );; line 86341 (wfb::source-text ethnic-entity palau "Palauans are a composite of Polynesian, Malayan, and Melanesian races" );; line 86345 (wfb::source-text religion palau "Christian (Catholics, Seventh-Day Adventists, Jehovah's Witnesses, the Assembly of God, the Liebenzell Mission, and Latter-Day Saints), Modekngei religion (one-third of the population observes this religion which is indigenous to Palau)" );; line 86350 (wfb::source-text language palau "English (official in all of Palau's 16 states), Sonsorolese (official in the state of Sonsoral), Angaur and Japanese (in the state of Anguar), Tobi (in the state of Tobi), Palauan (in the other 13 states)" );; line 86357 (wfb::source-text literacy palau "age 15 and over can read and write (1980)" );; line 86363 (wfb::source-text literacy palau total_population "92%" );; line 86365 (wfb::source-text literacy palau male "93%" );; line 86367 (wfb::source-text literacy palau female "90%" );; line 86369 (wfb::source-text total_labor_force palau "NA" );; line 86373 (wfb::source-text labor_force_by_occupation palau by_occupation "NA" );; line 86375 (wfb::source-text names palau conventional_long_form "Republic of Palau" );; line 86381 (wfb::source-text names palau conventional_short_form "Palau" );; line 86383 (wfb::source-text names palau former "Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands" );; line 86385 (wfb::source-text digraph palau "PS" );; line 86389 (wfb::source-text type palau "self-governing territory in free association with the US pursuant to Compact of Free Association which entered into force 1 October 1994; Palau is fully responsible for internal affairs; US retains responsibility for external affairs" );; line 86393 (wfb::source-text capital palau "Koror" );; line 86400 (wfb::source-text administrative_divisions palau "there are no first-order administrative divisions as defined by the US Government, but there are 16 states: Aimeliik, Airai, Angaur, Kayangel, Koror, Melekeok, Ngaraard, Ngardmau, Ngaremlengui, Ngatpang, Ngchesar, Ngerchelong, Ngiwal, Peleliu, Sonsorol, Tobi" );; line 86407 (wfb::source-text independence palau "1 October 1994 (from the US-administered UN Trusteeship)" );; line 86414 (wfb::source-text national_holiday palau "Constitution Day, 9 July (1979)" );; line 86418 (wfb::source-text constitution palau "1 January 1981" );; line 86422 (wfb::source-text legal_system palau "based on Trust Territory laws, acts of the legislature, municipal, common, and customary laws" );; line 86426 (wfb::source-text suffrage palau "18 years of age; universal" );; line 86431 (wfb::source-text executive_branch palau chief_of_state_and_head_of_government "President Kuniwo NAKAMURA (since 1 January 1993), Vice-President Tommy E. REMENGESAU Jr. (since 1 January 1993); election last held 4 November 1992 (next to be held NA November 1996); results - Kuniwo NAKAMURA 50.7%, Johnson TORIBIONG 49.3%" );; line 86436 (wfb::source-text legislative_structure palau "bicameral Parliament (Olbiil Era Kelulau or OEK)" );; line 86443 (wfb::source-text legislative_branch palau senate "elections last held 4 November 1992 (next to be held NA November 1996); results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (14 total) number of seats by party NA" );; line 86445 (wfb::source-text legislative_branch palau house_of_delegates "elections last held 4 November 1992 (next to be held NA November 1996); results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (16 total) number of seats by party NA" );; line 86449 (wfb::source-text judicial_branch palau "Supreme Court, National Court, Court of Common Pleas" );; line 86455 (wfb::source-text member_of palau "ESCAP (associate), SPC, SPF (observer), UN" );; line 86459 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us palau chief_of_mission "Liaison Officer NA" );; line 86464 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us palau liaison_office "444 North Capital Street NW, Washington, DC 20036" );; line 86466 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us palau telephone "(202) 624-7793" );; line 86468 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us palau fax "NA" );; line 86470 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation palau chief_of_mission "Liaison Officer Lloyd W. MOSS" );; line 86478 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation palau liaison_office "Erenguul Street, Koror, Republic of Palau" );; line 86480 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation palau mailing_address "P.O. Box 6028, Republic of Palau 96940" );; line 86482 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation palau telephone "[680] 488-2920" );; line 86484 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation palau fax "[680] 488-2911" );; line 86486 (wfb::source-text flag palau "light blue with a large yellow disk (representing the moon) shifted slightly to the hoist side" );; line 86493 (wfb::source-text overview palau "The economy consists primarily of subsistence agriculture and fishing. The government is the major employer of the work force, relying heavily on financial assistance from the US. The compact of \"free association\" with the United States, entered into after the end of the UN trusteeship on 1 October 1994, provides Palau with $500 million in US aid over 15 years in return for furnishing some military facilities. The population, in effect, enjoys a per capita income of $5,000, twice that of the Philippines and much of Micronesia. Long-run prospects for the tourist sector have been greatly bolstered by the expansion of air travel in the Pacific and the rapidly rising prosperity of leading East Asian countries." );; line 86499 (wfb::source-text national_product palau "GDP - purchasing power parity - $81.8 million (1994 est.)" );; line 86512 (wfb::source-text national_product_real_growth_rate palau "NA%" );; line 86518 (wfb::source-text national_product_per_capita palau "$5,000 (1994 est.)" );; line 86522 (wfb::source-text |Inflation rate (consumer prices)| palau "NA%" );; line 86526 (wfb::source-text unemployment_rate palau "20% (1986)" );; line 86530 (wfb::source-text budget palau revenues "$6 million" );; line 86535 (wfb::source-text budget palau expenditures "$NA, including capital expenditures of $NA (1986 est.)" );; line 86537 (wfb::source-text exports palau "$600,000 (f.o.b., 1989)" );; line 86541 (wfb::source-text exports palau commodities "trochus (type of shellfish), tuna, copra, handicrafts" );; line 86543 (wfb::source-text exports palau partners "US, Japan" );; line 86545 (wfb::source-text imports palau "$24.6 million (c.i.f., 1989)" );; line 86549 (wfb::source-text imports palau commodities "NA" );; line 86551 (wfb::source-text imports palau partners "US" );; line 86553 (wfb::source-text external_debt palau "about $100 million (1989)" );; line 86557 (wfb::source-text industrial_production palau "growth rate NA%" );; line 86561 (wfb::source-text electricity palau capacity "16,000 kW" );; line 86566 (wfb::source-text electricity palau production "22 million kWh" );; line 86568 (wfb::source-text electricity palau consumption_per_capita "1,540 kWh (1990)" );; line 86570 (wfb::source-text industry palau "tourism, craft items (shell, wood, pearl), some commercial fishing and agriculture" );; line 86574 (wfb::source-text agriculture palau "subsistence-level production of coconut, copra, cassava, sweet potatoes" );; line 86579 (wfb::source-text economic_aid palau recipient "US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-89), $2.56 billion; Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-89), $92 million" );; line 86585 (wfb::source-text currency palau "1 United States dollar (US$) = 100 cents" );; line 86590 (wfb::source-text exchange_rates palau "US currency is used" );; line 86594 (wfb::source-text fiscal_year palau "1 October - 30 September" );; line 86598 (wfb::source-text railroads palau "0 km" );; line 86603 (wfb::source-text highways palau total "61 km" );; line 86608 (wfb::source-text highways palau paved "36 km" );; line 86610 (wfb::source-text highways palau unpaved "gravel 25 km" );; line 86612 (wfb::source-text port palau "Koror" );; line 86616 (wfb::source-text merchant_marine palau "none" );; line 86620 (wfb::source-text airports palau total "3" );; line 86625 (wfb::source-text airports palau |with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m| "1" );; line 86627 (wfb::source-text airports palau |with unpaved runways 1,524 to 2,438 m| "2" );; line 86629 (wfb::source-text telephone_system palau "NA telephones" );; line 86634 (wfb::source-text telephone_system palau local "NA" );; line 86636 (wfb::source-text telephone_system palau intercity "NA" );; line 86638 (wfb::source-text telephone_system palau international "1 INTELSAT (Pacific Ocean) earth station" );; line 86640 (wfb::source-text radio palau broadcast_stations "AM 1, FM 1, shortwave 0" );; line 86645 (wfb::source-text radio palau radios "NA" );; line 86647 (wfb::source-text television palau broadcast_stations "2" );; line 86652 (wfb::source-text television palau televisions "NA" );; line 86654 (wfb::source-text defense_branch palau "NA" );; line 86660 (wfb::source-text defense_expenditures palau "$NA, NA% of GDP" );; line 86664 (wfb::source-text note palau "defense is the responsibility of the US pursuant to Compact of Free Association which entered into force 1 October 1994" );; line 86668 (wfb::source-text location palmyra_atoll "Oceania, atoll in the North Pacific Ocean, about one-half of the way from Hawaii to American Samoa" );; line 86679 (wfb::source-text map_references palmyra_atoll "Oceania" );; line 86684 (wfb::source-text area palmyra_atoll total_area "11.9 sq km" );; line 86689 (wfb::source-text area palmyra_atoll land_area "11.9 sq km" );; line 86691 (wfb::source-text area palmyra_atoll comparative_area "about 20 times the size of The Mall in Washington, DC" );; line 86693 (wfb::source-text borders palmyra_atoll "0 km" );; line 86697 (wfb::source-text coastline palmyra_atoll "14.5 km" );; line 86701 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims palmyra_atoll exclusive_economic_zone "200 nm" );; line 86706 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims palmyra_atoll territorial_sea "12 nm" );; line 86708 (wfb::source-text international_disputes palmyra_atoll "none" );; line 86712 (wfb::source-text climate palmyra_atoll "equatorial, hot, and very rainy" );; line 86716 (wfb::source-text terrain palmyra_atoll "low, with maximum elevations of about 2 meters" );; line 86720 (wfb::source-text natural-resource palmyra_atoll "none" );; line 86724 (wfb::source-text land_use palmyra_atoll arable_land "0%" );; line 86729 (wfb::source-text land_use palmyra_atoll permanent_crops "0%" );; line 86731 (wfb::source-text land_use palmyra_atoll meadows_and_pastures "0%" );; line 86733 (wfb::source-text land_use palmyra_atoll forest_and_woodland "100%" );; line 86735 (wfb::source-text land_use palmyra_atoll other "0%" );; line 86737 (wfb::source-text irrigated_land palmyra_atoll "0 sq km" );; line 86741 (wfb::source-text environment palmyra_atoll current_issues "NA" );; line 86746 (wfb::source-text environment palmyra_atoll natural_hazards "NA" );; line 86748 (wfb::source-text environment palmyra_atoll international_agreements "NA" );; line 86750 (wfb::source-text note palmyra_atoll "about 50 islets covered with dense vegetation, coconut trees, and balsa-like trees up to 30 meters tall" );; line 86754 (wfb::source-text population palmyra_atoll "uninhabited" );; line 86761 (wfb::source-text names palmyra_atoll conventional_long_form "none" );; line 86767 (wfb::source-text names palmyra_atoll conventional_short_form "Palmyra Atoll" );; line 86769 (wfb::source-text digraph palmyra_atoll "LQ" );; line 86773 (wfb::source-text type palmyra_atoll "incorporated territory of the US; privately owned, but administered by the Office of Territorial and International Affairs, US Department of the Interior" );; line 86777 (wfb::source-text capital palmyra_atoll "none; administered from Washington, DC" );; line 86783 (wfb::source-text overview palmyra_atoll "no economic activity" );; line 86788 (wfb::source-text highways palmyra_atoll "much of the road and many causeways built during the war are unserviceable and overgrown" );; line 86793 (wfb::source-text port palmyra_atoll "West Lagoon" );; line 86798 (wfb::source-text airports palmyra_atoll total "1" );; line 86803 (wfb::source-text airports palmyra_atoll |with unpaved runways 1,524 to 2,438 m| "1" );; line 86805 (wfb::source-text note palmyra_atoll "defense is the responsibility of the US" );; line 86815 (wfb::source-text location panama "Middle America, bordering both the Caribbean Sea and the North Pacific Ocean, between Colombia and Costa Rica" );; line 86825 (wfb::source-text map_references panama "Central America and the Caribbean" );; line 86830 (wfb::source-text area panama total_area "78,200 sq km" );; line 86835 (wfb::source-text area panama land_area "75,990 sq km" );; line 86837 (wfb::source-text area panama comparative_area "slightly smaller than South Carolina" );; line 86839 (wfb::source-text borders panama "total 555 km, Colombia 225 km, Costa Rica 330 km" );; line 86843 (wfb::source-text coastline panama "2,490 km" );; line 86847 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims panama territorial_sea "200 nm" );; line 86852 (wfb::source-text international_disputes panama "none" );; line 86856 (wfb::source-text climate panama "tropical; hot, humid, cloudy; prolonged rainy season (May to January), short dry season (January to May)" );; line 86860 (wfb::source-text terrain panama "interior mostly steep, rugged mountains and dissected, upland plains; coastal areas largely plains and rolling hills" );; line 86865 (wfb::source-text natural-resource panama "copper, mahogany forests, shrimp" );; line 86870 (wfb::source-text land_use panama arable_land "6%" );; line 86875 (wfb::source-text land_use panama permanent_crops "2%" );; line 86877 (wfb::source-text land_use panama meadows_and_pastures "15%" );; line 86879 (wfb::source-text land_use panama forest_and_woodland "54%" );; line 86881 (wfb::source-text land_use panama other "23%" );; line 86883 (wfb::source-text irrigated_land panama "320 sq km (1989 est.)" );; line 86887 (wfb::source-text environment panama current_issues "water pollution from agricultural runoff threatens fishery resources; deforestation of tropical rain forest; land degradation" );; line 86892 (wfb::source-text environment panama natural_hazards "NA" );; line 86895 (wfb::source-text environment panama international_agreements "party to - Biodiversity, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Marine Dumping, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Wetlands; signed, but not ratified - Climate Change, Law of the Sea, Marine Life Conservation, Tropical Timber 94" );; line 86897 (wfb::source-text note panama "strategic location on eastern end of isthmus forming land bridge connecting North and South America; controls Panama Canal that links North Atlantic Ocean via Caribbean Sea with North Pacific Ocean" );; line 86904 (wfb::source-text population panama "2,680,903 (July 1995 est.)" );; line 86912 (wfb::source-text age_structure panama 0-14_years "34% (female 439,491; male 458,817)" );; line 86917 (wfb::source-text age_structure panama 15-64_years "61% (female 812,876; male 823,124)" );; line 86919 (wfb::source-text age_structure panama 65_years_and_over "5% (female 74,672; male 71,923) (July 1995 est.)" );; line 86921 (wfb::source-text population_growth_rate panama "1.9% (1995 est.)" );; line 86925 (wfb::source-text birth_rate panama "24.12 births/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 86929 (wfb::source-text death_rate panama "4.79 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 86933 (wfb::source-text net_migration_rate panama "-0.36 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 86937 (wfb::source-text infant_mortality_rate panama "15.8 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.)" );; line 86941 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth panama total_population "75.2 years" );; line 86946 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth panama male "72.57 years" );; line 86948 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth panama female "77.97 years (1995 est.)" );; line 86950 (wfb::source-text total_fertility_rate panama "2.8 children born/woman (1995 est.)" );; line 86954 (wfb::source-text nationality panama noun "Panamanian(s)" );; line 86959 (wfb::source-text nationality panama adjective "Panamanian" );; line 86961 (wfb::source-text ethnic-entity panama "mestizo (mixed Indian and European ancestry) 70%, West Indian 14%, white 10%, Indian 6%" );; line 86965 (wfb::source-text religion panama "Roman Catholic 85%, Protestant 15%" );; line 86970 (wfb::source-text language panama "Spanish (official), English 14%" );; line 86974 (wfb::source-text literacy panama "age 15 and over can read and write (1990)" );; line 86980 (wfb::source-text literacy panama total_population "89%" );; line 86982 (wfb::source-text literacy panama male "89%" );; line 86984 (wfb::source-text literacy panama female "88%" );; line 86986 (wfb::source-text total_labor_force panama "979,000 (1994 est.)" );; line 86990 (wfb::source-text labor_force_by_occupation panama by_occupation "government and community services 31.8%, agriculture, hunting, and fishing 26.8%, commerce, restaurants, and hotels 16.4%, manufacturing and mining 9.4%, construction 3.2%, transportation and communications 6.2%, finance, insurance, and real estate 4.3%" );; line 86992 (wfb::source-text names panama conventional_long_form "Republic of Panama" );; line 87003 (wfb::source-text names panama conventional_short_form "Panama" );; line 87005 (wfb::source-text names panama local_long_form "Republica de Panama" );; line 87007 (wfb::source-text names panama local_short_form "Panama" );; line 87009 (wfb::source-text digraph panama "PM" );; line 87013 (wfb::source-text type panama "constitutional republic" );; line 87017 (wfb::source-text capital panama "Panama" );; line 87021 (wfb::source-text administrative_divisions panama "9 provinces (provincias, singular - provincia) and 1 territory* (comarca); Bocas del Toro, Chiriqui, Cocle, Colon, Darien, Herrera, Los Santos, Panama, San Blas*, Veraguas" );; line 87025 (wfb::source-text independence panama "3 November 1903 (from Colombia; became independent from Spain 28 November 1821)" );; line 87031 (wfb::source-text national_holiday panama "Independence Day, 3 November (1903)" );; line 87036 (wfb::source-text constitution panama "11 October 1972; major reforms adopted April 1983" );; line 87040 (wfb::source-text legal_system panama "based on civil law system; judicial review of legislative acts in the Supreme Court of Justice; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations" );; line 87044 (wfb::source-text suffrage panama "18 years of age; universal and compulsory" );; line 87050 (wfb::source-text executive_branch panama chief_of_state_and_head_of_government "President Ernesto PEREZ BALLADARES Gonzalez Revilla (since 1 September 1994, elected 8 May 1994); First Vice President Tomas Gabriel ALTAMIRANO DUQUE (since 1 September 1994); Second Vice President Felipe Alejandro VIRZI Lopez (since 1 September 1994 election last held 8 May 1994 (next to be held 9 May 1999); results - Ernesto PEREZ BALLADARES (PRD) 33%, Mireya MOSCOSO DE GRUBER (PA) 29%, Ruben BLADES (MPE) 17%, Ruben Dario CARLES (MOLIRENA) 16%" );; line 87055 (wfb::source-text executive_branch panama cabinet "Cabinet; appointed by the president" );; line 87063 (wfb::source-text legislative_structure panama "unicameral" );; line 87067 (wfb::source-text legislative_branch panama |Legislative Assembly (Asamblea Legislativa)| "legislators from outlying rural districts are chosen on a plurality basis while districts located in more populous towns and cities elect multiple legislators by means of a proportion-based formula; elections last held 8 May 1994 (next to be held 9 May 1999); results - percent of vote by party NA ; seats - (72 total) PRD 32, PS 4, PALA 1, PA 14, MPE 6, MOLIRENA 4, PLA 3, PRC 3, PL 2, PDC 1, UDI 1, MORENA 1" );; line 87069 (wfb::source-text judicial_branch panama "Supreme Court of Justice (Corte Suprema de Justicia), 5 superior courts, 3 courts of appeal" );; line 87078 (wfb::source-text political_parties_and_leaders panama governing_coalition "Democratic Revolutionary Party (PRD), Gerardo GONZALEZ; Solidarity Party (PS), Samuel LEWIS GALINDO; Liberal Republican Party (PLR), Rodolfo CHIARI; Labor Party (PALA), Carlos Lopez GUEVARA" );; line 87084 (wfb::source-text political_parties_and_leaders panama other_parties "Nationalist Republican Liberal Movement (MOLIRENA), Alfredo RAMIREZ; Authentic Liberal Party (PLA), Arnulfo ESCALONA; Arnulfista Party (PA), Mireya MOSCOSO DE GRUBER; Christian Democratic Party (PDC), Raul OSSA; Liberal Party (PL), Roberto ALEMAN Zubieta; Papa Egoro Movement (MPE), Ruben BLADES; Civic Renewal Party (PRC), Tomas HERRERA; National Unity Mission Party (MUN), Jose Manuel PAREDES; Independent Democratic Union (UDI), Jacinto CARDENAS; National Renovation Movement (MORENA), Pedro VALLERINO" );; line 87088 (wfb::source-text other_political_or_pressure_groups panama "National Council of Organized Workers (CONATO); National Council of Private Enterprise (CONEP); Panamanian Association of Business Executives (APEDE); National Civic Crusade; Chamber of Commerce; Panamanian Industrialists Society (SIP); Workers Confederation of the Republic of Panama (CTRP)" );; line 87098 (wfb::source-text member_of panama "AG (associate), CG, ECLAC, FAO, G-77, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, INMARSAT, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, IOM, ITU, LAES, LAIA (observer), NAM, OAS, OPANAL, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO" );; line 87105 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us panama chief_of_mission "Ambassador Ricardo Alberto ARIAS" );; line 87113 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us panama chancery "2862 McGill Terrace NW, Washington, DC 20008" );; line 87115 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us panama telephone "[1] (202) 483-1407" );; line 87117 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us panama |consulate(s) general| "Atlanta, Houston, Miami, New Orleans, New York, San Francisco, San Juan (Puerto Rico), Tampa" );; line 87119 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation panama chief_of_mission "(vacant); Charge d'Affaires Oliver P. GARZA" );; line 87125 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation panama embassy "Avenida Balboa and Calle 38, Apartado 6959, Panama City 5" );; line 87127 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation panama mailing_address "American Embassy Panama, Unit 0945; APO AA 34002" );; line 87129 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation panama telephone "[507] 27-1777" );; line 87131 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation panama fax "[507] 27-1964" );; line 87133 (wfb::source-text flag panama "divided into four, equal rectangles; the top quadrants are white (hoist side) with a blue five-pointed star in the center and plain red, the bottom quadrants are plain blue (hoist side) and white with a red five-pointed star in the center" );; line 87137 (wfb::source-text overview panama "Because of its key geographic location, Panama's economy is service-based, heavily weighted toward banking, commerce, and tourism. Trade and financial ties with the US are especially close. GDP grew at 3.6% in 1994, a respectable rate, yet below the 7.1% average of the early 1990s. Banking and financial services and trade through the Colon Free Zone continued to expand rapidly, with the industrial and agricultural sectors experiencing little growth. The new administration, inaugurated 1 September 1994, has launched an economic plan designed to reverse rising unemployment, attract foreign investment, cut back the size of government, and modernize the economy. The success of the plan in meeting its goals for 1995 and beyond depends largely on the success of the administration in reforming the labor code and instituting the reforms necessary to join the GATT." );; line 87145 (wfb::source-text national_product panama "GDP - purchasing power parity - $12.3 billion (1994 est.)" );; line 87160 (wfb::source-text national_product_real_growth_rate panama "3.6% (1994 est.)" );; line 87164 (wfb::source-text national_product_per_capita panama "$4,670 (1994 est.)" );; line 87168 (wfb::source-text |Inflation rate (consumer prices)| panama "1.8% (1994 est.)" );; line 87172 (wfb::source-text unemployment_rate panama "12.9% (1994 est.)" );; line 87176 (wfb::source-text budget panama revenues "$1.93 billion" );; line 87181 (wfb::source-text budget panama expenditures "$1.93 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA (1994)" );; line 87183 (wfb::source-text exports panama "$520 million (f.o.b., 1994 est.)" );; line 87187 (wfb::source-text exports panama commodities "bananas 43%, shrimp 11%, sugar 4%, clothing 5%, coffee 2%" );; line 87189 (wfb::source-text exports panama partners "US 45%, EU, Central America and Caribbean" );; line 87191 (wfb::source-text imports panama "$2.205 billion (c.i.f., 1994 est.)" );; line 87195 (wfb::source-text imports panama commodities "capital goods 21%, crude oil 11%, foodstuffs 9%, consumer goods, chemicals" );; line 87197 (wfb::source-text imports panama partners "US 40%, EU, Central America and Caribbean, Japan" );; line 87200 (wfb::source-text external_debt panama "$6.7 billion (yearend 1993 est.)" );; line 87204 (wfb::source-text industrial_production panama "growth rate 1.8% (1994 est.); accounts for about 9% of GDP" );; line 87208 (wfb::source-text electricity panama capacity "960,000 kW" );; line 87213 (wfb::source-text electricity panama production "2.8 billion kWh" );; line 87215 (wfb::source-text electricity panama consumption_per_capita "1,047 kWh (1993)" );; line 87217 (wfb::source-text industry panama "manufacturing and construction, petroleum refining, brewing, cement and other construction materials, sugar milling" );; line 87221 (wfb::source-text agriculture panama "accounts for 10% of GDP (1992 est.); crops - bananas, rice, corn, coffee, sugarcane; livestock; fishing; importer of food grain, vegetables" );; line 87226 (wfb::source-text illicit_drugs panama "major cocaine transshipment point and drug money laundering center" );; line 87231 (wfb::source-text economic_aid panama recipient "US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-89), $516 million; Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-89), $582 million; Communist countries (1970-89), $4 million" );; line 87237 (wfb::source-text currency panama "1 balboa (B) = 100 centesimos" );; line 87243 (wfb::source-text exchange_rates panama "balboas (B) per US$1 - 1.000 (fixed rate)" );; line 87247 (wfb::source-text fiscal_year panama "calendar year" );; line 87251 (wfb::source-text railroads panama total "238 km" );; line 87257 (wfb::source-text railroads panama broad_gauge "78 km 1.524-m gauge" );; line 87259 (wfb::source-text railroads panama narrow_gauge "160 km 0.914-m gauge" );; line 87261 (wfb::source-text highways panama total "8,530 km" );; line 87266 (wfb::source-text highways panama paved "2,745 km" );; line 87268 (wfb::source-text highways panama unpaved "gravel, crushed stone 3,270 km; improved, unimproved earth 2,515 km" );; line 87270 (wfb::source-text inland_waterways panama "800 km navigable by shallow draft vessels; 82 km Panama Canal" );; line 87275 (wfb::source-text pipelines panama "crude oil 130 km" );; line 87279 (wfb::source-text port panama "Bahia de las Minas, Balboa, Colon, Cristobal, Panama" );; line 87283 (wfb::source-text merchant_marine panama total "3,526 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 60,748,525 GRT/95,102,552 DWT" );; line 87288 (wfb::source-text merchant_marine panama ships_by_type "barge carrier 1, bulk 787, cargo 1,070, chemical tanker 175, combination bulk 33, combination ore/oil 25, container 259, liquefied gas tanker 125, livestock carrier 8, multifunction large-load carrier 6, oil tanker 465, passenger 24, passenger-cargo 3, refrigerated cargo 284, roll-on/roll-off cargo 81, short-sea passenger 34, specialized tanker 9, vehicle carrier 137" );; line 87291 (wfb::source-text airports panama total "115" );; line 87306 (wfb::source-text airports panama |with paved runways over 3,047 m| "1" );; line 87308 (wfb::source-text airports panama |with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m| "1" );; line 87310 (wfb::source-text airports panama |with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m| "5" );; line 87312 (wfb::source-text airports panama |with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m| "14" );; line 87314 (wfb::source-text airports panama with_paved_runways_under_914_m "74" );; line 87316 (wfb::source-text airports panama |with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m| "20" );; line 87318 (wfb::source-text telephone_system panama "220,000 telephones; domestic and international facilities well developed" );; line 87323 (wfb::source-text telephone_system panama local "NA" );; line 87326 (wfb::source-text telephone_system panama intercity "NA" );; line 87328 (wfb::source-text telephone_system panama international "1 coaxial submarine cable; 2 INTELSAT (Atlantic Ocean) earth stations; connected to the Central American Microwave System" );; line 87330 (wfb::source-text radio panama broadcast_stations "AM 91, FM 0, shortwave 0" );; line 87336 (wfb::source-text radio panama radios "NA" );; line 87338 (wfb::source-text television panama broadcast_stations "23" );; line 87343 (wfb::source-text television panama televisions "NA" );; line 87345 (wfb::source-text defense_branch panama "Panamanian Public Forces (PPF; includes the National Police or PNP, Maritime Service, National Air Service, and Institutional Protective Service); Judicial Branch Technical Police" );; line 87351 (wfb::source-text manpower_availability panama "males age 15-49 701,691; males fit for military service 481,927 (1995 est.)" );; line 87357 (wfb::source-text defense_expenditures panama "expenditures for the Panamanian security forces amounted to $105 million, 1.0% of GDP (1993 est.)" );; line 87362 (wfb::source-text location papua_new_guinea "Southeastern Asia, group of islands including the eastern half of the island of New Guinea between the Coral Sea and the South Pacific Ocean, east of Indonesia" );; line 87373 (wfb::source-text map_references papua_new_guinea "Oceania" );; line 87379 (wfb::source-text area papua_new_guinea total_area "461,690 sq km" );; line 87384 (wfb::source-text area papua_new_guinea land_area "451,710 sq km" );; line 87386 (wfb::source-text area papua_new_guinea comparative_area "slightly larger than California" );; line 87388 (wfb::source-text borders papua_new_guinea "total 820 km, Indonesia 820 km" );; line 87392 (wfb::source-text coastline papua_new_guinea "5,152 km" );; line 87396 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims papua_new_guinea "measured from claimed archipelagic baselines" );; line 87400 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims papua_new_guinea continental_shelf "200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation" );; line 87402 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims papua_new_guinea exclusive_fishing_zone "200 nm" );; line 87404 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims papua_new_guinea territorial_sea "12 nm" );; line 87406 (wfb::source-text international_disputes papua_new_guinea "none" );; line 87410 (wfb::source-text climate papua_new_guinea "tropical; northwest monsoon (December to March), southeast monsoon (May to October); slight seasonal temperature variation" );; line 87414 (wfb::source-text terrain papua_new_guinea "mostly mountains with coastal lowlands and rolling foothills" );; line 87419 (wfb::source-text natural-resource papua_new_guinea "gold, copper, silver, natural gas, timber, oil potential" );; line 87423 (wfb::source-text land_use papua_new_guinea arable_land "0%" );; line 87428 (wfb::source-text land_use papua_new_guinea permanent_crops "1%" );; line 87430 (wfb::source-text land_use papua_new_guinea meadows_and_pastures "0%" );; line 87432 (wfb::source-text land_use papua_new_guinea forest_and_woodland "71%" );; line 87434 (wfb::source-text land_use papua_new_guinea other "28%" );; line 87436 (wfb::source-text irrigated_land papua_new_guinea "NA sq km" );; line 87440 (wfb::source-text environment papua_new_guinea current_issues "rain forest subject to deforestation as a result of growing commercial demand for tropical timber; pollution from mining projects" );; line 87445 (wfb::source-text environment papua_new_guinea natural_hazards "active volcanism; situated along the Pacific \"Rim of Fire\"; the country is subject to frequent and sometimes severe earthquakes; mudslides" );; line 87448 (wfb::source-text environment papua_new_guinea international_agreements "party to - Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Marine Dumping, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Wetlands; signed, but not ratified - Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Law of the Sea" );; line 87451 (wfb::source-text note papua_new_guinea "shares island of New Guinea with Indonesia; one of world's largest swamps along southwest coast" );; line 87458 (wfb::source-text population papua_new_guinea "4,294,750 (July 1995 est.)" );; line 87465 (wfb::source-text age_structure papua_new_guinea 0-14_years "41% (female 847,208; male 892,718)" );; line 87470 (wfb::source-text age_structure papua_new_guinea 15-64_years "57% (female 1,161,961; male 1,268,266)" );; line 87472 (wfb::source-text age_structure papua_new_guinea 65_years_and_over "2% (female 66,759; male 57,838) (July 1995 est.)" );; line 87474 (wfb::source-text population_growth_rate papua_new_guinea "2.3% (1995 est.)" );; line 87478 (wfb::source-text birth_rate papua_new_guinea "33.2 births/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 87482 (wfb::source-text death_rate papua_new_guinea "10.18 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 87486 (wfb::source-text net_migration_rate papua_new_guinea "0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 87490 (wfb::source-text infant_mortality_rate papua_new_guinea "61.6 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.)" );; line 87494 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth papua_new_guinea total_population "56.85 years" );; line 87499 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth papua_new_guinea male "56.01 years" );; line 87501 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth papua_new_guinea female "57.74 years (1995 est.)" );; line 87503 (wfb::source-text total_fertility_rate papua_new_guinea "4.55 children born/woman (1995 est.)" );; line 87507 (wfb::source-text nationality papua_new_guinea noun "Papua New Guinean(s)" );; line 87512 (wfb::source-text nationality papua_new_guinea adjective "Papua New Guinean" );; line 87514 (wfb::source-text ethnic-entity papua_new_guinea "Melanesian, Papuan, Negrito, Micronesian, Polynesian" );; line 87518 (wfb::source-text religion papua_new_guinea "Roman Catholic 22%, Lutheran 16%, Presbyterian/Methodist/London Missionary Society 8%, Anglican 5%, Evangelical Alliance 4%, Seventh-Day Adventist 1%, other Protestant sects 10%, indigenous beliefs 34%" );; line 87522 (wfb::source-text language papua_new_guinea "English spoken by 1%-2%, pidgin English widespread, Motu spoken in Papua region" );; line 87528 (wfb::source-text literacy papua_new_guinea "age 15 and over can read and write (1990 est.)" );; line 87535 (wfb::source-text literacy papua_new_guinea total_population "52%" );; line 87537 (wfb::source-text literacy papua_new_guinea male "65%" );; line 87539 (wfb::source-text literacy papua_new_guinea female "38%" );; line 87541 (wfb::source-text total_labor_force papua_new_guinea "NA" );; line 87545 (wfb::source-text names papua_new_guinea conventional_long_form "Independent State of Papua New Guinea" );; line 87551 (wfb::source-text names papua_new_guinea conventional_short_form "Papua New Guinea" );; line 87553 (wfb::source-text digraph papua_new_guinea "PP" );; line 87557 (wfb::source-text type papua_new_guinea "parliamentary democracy" );; line 87561 (wfb::source-text capital papua_new_guinea "Port Moresby" );; line 87565 (wfb::source-text administrative_divisions papua_new_guinea "20 provinces; Central, Chimbu, Eastern Highlands, East New Britain, East Sepik, Enga, Gulf, Madang, Manus, Milne Bay, Morobe, National Capital, New Ireland, Northern, North Solomons, Sandaun, Southern Highlands, Western, Western Highlands, West New Britain" );; line 87569 (wfb::source-text independence papua_new_guinea "16 September 1975 (from the Australian-administered UN trusteeship)" );; line 87576 (wfb::source-text national_holiday papua_new_guinea "Independence Day, 16 September (1975)" );; line 87581 (wfb::source-text constitution papua_new_guinea "16 September 1975" );; line 87585 (wfb::source-text legal_system papua_new_guinea "based on English common law" );; line 87589 (wfb::source-text suffrage papua_new_guinea "18 years of age; universal" );; line 87593 (wfb::source-text executive_branch papua_new_guinea chief_of_state "Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952), represented by Governor General Wiwa KOROWI (since NA November 1991)" );; line 87598 (wfb::source-text executive_branch papua_new_guinea head_of_government "Prime Minister Sir Julius CHAN (since 30 August 1994); Deputy Prime Minister Chris HAIVETA (since 7 September 1994)" );; line 87601 (wfb::source-text executive_branch papua_new_guinea cabinet "National Executive Council; appointed by the governor on recommendation of the prime minister" );; line 87604 (wfb::source-text legislative_structure papua_new_guinea "unicameral" );; line 87609 (wfb::source-text legislative_branch papua_new_guinea national_parliament "(sometimes referred to as the House of Assembly) elections last held 13-26 June 1992 (next to be held NA 1997); results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (109 total) Pangu Party 24, PDM 17, PPP 10, PAP 10, independents 30, others 18; note - association with political parties is fluid" );; line 87611 (wfb::source-text judicial_branch papua_new_guinea "Supreme Court" );; line 87618 (wfb::source-text political_parties_and_leaders papua_new_guinea "Papua New Guinea United Party (Pangu Party), Jack GENIA; People's Democratic Movement (PDM), Paias WINGTI; People's Action Party (PAP), Akoka DOI; People's Progress Party (PPP), Sir Julius CHAN; United Party (UP), Paul TORATO; Papua Party (PP), Galeva KWARARA; National Party (NP), Paul PORA; Melanesian Alliance (MA), Fr. John MOMIS" );; line 87622 (wfb::source-text member_of papua_new_guinea "ACP, APEC, AsDB, ASEAN (observer), C, CP, ESCAP, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, ISO (correspondent), ITU, NAM, NAM (observer), SPARTECA, SPC, SPF, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WMO" );; line 87630 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us papua_new_guinea chief_of_mission "Ambassador Kepas Isimel WATANGIA" );; line 87638 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us papua_new_guinea chancery "3rd floor, 1615 New Hampshire Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20009" );; line 87640 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us papua_new_guinea telephone "[1] (202) 745-3680" );; line 87642 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us papua_new_guinea fax "[1] (202) 745-3679" );; line 87644 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation papua_new_guinea chief_of_mission "Ambassador Richard W. TEARE" );; line 87649 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation papua_new_guinea embassy "Armit Street, Port Moresby" );; line 87651 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation papua_new_guinea mailing_address "P. O. Box 1492, Port Moresby, or APO AE 96553" );; line 87653 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation papua_new_guinea telephone "[675] 211455, 211594, 211654" );; line 87655 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation papua_new_guinea fax "[675] 213423" );; line 87657 (wfb::source-text flag papua_new_guinea "divided diagonally from upper hoist-side corner; the upper triangle is red with a soaring yellow bird of paradise centered; the lower triangle is black with five white five-pointed stars of the Southern Cross constellation centered" );; line 87661 (wfb::source-text overview papua_new_guinea "Papua New Guinea is richly endowed with natural resources, but exploitation has been hampered by the rugged terrain and the high cost of developing an infrastructure. Agriculture provides a subsistence livelihood for 85% of the population. Mining of numerous deposits, including copper and gold, accounts for about 60% of export earnings. Budgetary support from Australia and development aid under World Bank auspices have helped sustain the economy. Robust growth in 1991-92 was led by the mining sector; the opening of a large new gold mine helped the advance. At the start of 1995, Port Moresby is looking primarily to the exploitation of mineral and petroleum resources to drive economic development but new prospecting in Papua New Guinea has slumped as other mineral-rich countries have stepped up their competition for international investment. Output from current projects will probably begin to taper off in 1996, but no new large ventures are being developed to succeed them." );; line 87669 (wfb::source-text national_product papua_new_guinea "GDP - purchasing power parity - $9.2 billion (1994 est.)" );; line 87686 (wfb::source-text national_product_real_growth_rate papua_new_guinea "6.1% (1994 est.)" );; line 87690 (wfb::source-text national_product_per_capita papua_new_guinea "$2,200 (1994 est.)" );; line 87694 (wfb::source-text |Inflation rate (consumer prices)| papua_new_guinea "1.6% (1994)" );; line 87698 (wfb::source-text unemployment_rate papua_new_guinea "NA%" );; line 87702 (wfb::source-text budget papua_new_guinea revenues "$1.33 billion" );; line 87707 (wfb::source-text budget papua_new_guinea expenditures "$1.36 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA (1995 est.)" );; line 87709 (wfb::source-text exports papua_new_guinea "$2.4 billion (f.o.b., 1993 est.)" );; line 87713 (wfb::source-text exports papua_new_guinea commodities "gold, copper ore, oil, logs, palm oil, coffee, cocoa, lobster" );; line 87715 (wfb::source-text exports papua_new_guinea partners "Australia, Japan, US, Singapore, New Zealand" );; line 87717 (wfb::source-text imports papua_new_guinea "$1.2 billion (c.i.f., 1993 est.)" );; line 87721 (wfb::source-text imports papua_new_guinea commodities "machinery and transport equipment, manufactured goods, food, fuels, chemicals" );; line 87723 (wfb::source-text imports papua_new_guinea partners "Australia, Japan, UK, New Zealand, Netherlands" );; line 87726 (wfb::source-text external_debt papua_new_guinea "$3.2 billion (1992)" );; line 87730 (wfb::source-text industrial_production papua_new_guinea "accounts for 32% of GDP" );; line 87734 (wfb::source-text electricity papua_new_guinea capacity "490,000 kW" );; line 87739 (wfb::source-text electricity papua_new_guinea production "1.8 billion kWh" );; line 87741 (wfb::source-text electricity papua_new_guinea consumption_per_capita "390 kWh (1993)" );; line 87743 (wfb::source-text industry papua_new_guinea "copra crushing, palm oil processing, plywood production, wood chip production, mining of gold, silver, and copper, construction, tourism" );; line 87747 (wfb::source-text agriculture papua_new_guinea "Accounts for 25% of GDP; livelihood for 85% of population; fertile soils and favorable climate permits cultivating a wide variety of crops; cash crops - coffee, cocoa, coconuts, palm kernels; other products - tea, rubber, sweet potatoes, fruit, vegetables, poultry, pork; net importer of food for urban centers" );; line 87752 (wfb::source-text economic_aid papua_new_guinea recipient "US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-89), $40.6 million; Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-89), $6.5 billion; OPEC bilateral aid (1979-89), $17 million" );; line 87761 (wfb::source-text currency papua_new_guinea "1 kina (K) = 100 toea" );; line 87767 (wfb::source-text exchange_rates papua_new_guinea "kina (K) per US$1 - 0.8565 (December 1994), 0.9950 (1994), 1.0221 (1993), 1.0367 (1992), 1.0504 (1991), 1.0467 (1990); note - the government floated the kina on 10 October 1994" );; line 87771 (wfb::source-text fiscal_year papua_new_guinea "calendar year" );; line 87777 (wfb::source-text railroads papua_new_guinea "0 km" );; line 87782 (wfb::source-text highways papua_new_guinea total "19,200 km" );; line 87787 (wfb::source-text highways papua_new_guinea paved "640 km" );; line 87789 (wfb::source-text highways papua_new_guinea unpaved "gravel, crushed stone, stabilized earth 10,960 km; unimproved earth 7,600 km" );; line 87791 (wfb::source-text inland_waterways papua_new_guinea "10,940 km" );; line 87796 (wfb::source-text port papua_new_guinea "Kieta, Lae, Madang, Port Moresby, Rabaul" );; line 87800 (wfb::source-text merchant_marine papua_new_guinea total "12 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 22,565 GRT/27,071 DWT" );; line 87805 (wfb::source-text merchant_marine papua_new_guinea ships_by_type "bulk 2, cargo 3, combination ore/oil 5, container 1, roll-on/roll-off 1" );; line 87807 (wfb::source-text airports papua_new_guinea total "505" );; line 87813 (wfb::source-text airports papua_new_guinea |with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m| "1" );; line 87815 (wfb::source-text airports papua_new_guinea |with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m| "13" );; line 87817 (wfb::source-text airports papua_new_guinea |with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m| "5" );; line 87819 (wfb::source-text airports papua_new_guinea with_paved_runways_under_914_m "411" );; line 87821 (wfb::source-text airports papua_new_guinea |with unpaved runways 1,524 to 2,438 m| "12" );; line 87823 (wfb::source-text airports papua_new_guinea |with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m| "63" );; line 87825 (wfb::source-text telephone_system papua_new_guinea "more than 70,000 telephones (1987); services are adequate and being improved; facilities provide radiobroadcast, radiotelephone and telegraph, coastal radio, aeronautical radio, and international radiocommunication services" );; line 87830 (wfb::source-text telephone_system papua_new_guinea local "NA" );; line 87835 (wfb::source-text telephone_system papua_new_guinea intercity "mostly radio telephone" );; line 87837 (wfb::source-text telephone_system papua_new_guinea international "submarine cables extend to Australia and Guam; 1 INTELSAT (Pacific Ocean) earth station; international radio communication service" );; line 87839 (wfb::source-text radio papua_new_guinea broadcast_stations "AM 31, FM 2, shortwave 0" );; line 87845 (wfb::source-text radio papua_new_guinea radios "NA" );; line 87847 (wfb::source-text television papua_new_guinea broadcast_stations "2 (1987)" );; line 87852 (wfb::source-text television papua_new_guinea televisions "NA" );; line 87854 (wfb::source-text defense_branch papua_new_guinea "Papua New Guinea Defense Force (includes Army, Navy, and Air Force)" );; line 87860 (wfb::source-text manpower_availability papua_new_guinea "males age 15-49 1,111,661; males fit for military service 618,696 (1995 est.)" );; line 87865 (wfb::source-text defense_expenditures papua_new_guinea "exchange rate conversion - $55 million, 1.8% of GDP (1993 est.)" );; line 87870 (wfb::source-text location paracel_islands "Southeastern Asia, group of small islands and reefs in the South China Sea, about one-third of the way from central Vietnam to the northern Philippines" );; line 87880 (wfb::source-text map_references paracel_islands "Southeast Asia" );; line 87886 (wfb::source-text area paracel_islands total_area "NA sq km" );; line 87891 (wfb::source-text area paracel_islands land_area "NA sq km" );; line 87893 (wfb::source-text area paracel_islands comparative_area "NA" );; line 87895 (wfb::source-text borders paracel_islands "0 km" );; line 87899 (wfb::source-text coastline paracel_islands "518 km" );; line 87903 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims paracel_islands "NA" );; line 87907 (wfb::source-text international_disputes paracel_islands "occupied by China, but claimed by Taiwan and Vietnam" );; line 87911 (wfb::source-text climate paracel_islands "tropical" );; line 87915 (wfb::source-text terrain paracel_islands "NA" );; line 87919 (wfb::source-text natural-resource paracel_islands "none" );; line 87923 (wfb::source-text land_use paracel_islands arable_land "0%" );; line 87928 (wfb::source-text land_use paracel_islands permanent_crops "0%" );; line 87930 (wfb::source-text land_use paracel_islands meadows_and_pastures "0%" );; line 87932 (wfb::source-text land_use paracel_islands forest_and_woodland "0%" );; line 87934 (wfb::source-text land_use paracel_islands other "100%" );; line 87936 (wfb::source-text irrigated_land paracel_islands "0 sq km" );; line 87940 (wfb::source-text environment paracel_islands current_issues "NA" );; line 87945 (wfb::source-text environment paracel_islands natural_hazards "typhoons" );; line 87947 (wfb::source-text environment paracel_islands international_agreements "NA" );; line 87949 (wfb::source-text population paracel_islands "no indigenous inhabitants; note - there are scattered Chinese garrisons" );; line 87955 (wfb::source-text names paracel_islands conventional_long_form "none" );; line 87962 (wfb::source-text names paracel_islands conventional_short_form "Paracel Islands" );; line 87964 (wfb::source-text digraph paracel_islands "PF" );; line 87968 (wfb::source-text overview paracel_islands "no economic activity" );; line 87973 (wfb::source-text port paracel_islands "small Chinese port facilities on Woody Island and Duncan Island being expanded" );; line 87978 (wfb::source-text airports paracel_islands total "1" );; line 87984 (wfb::source-text airports paracel_islands |with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m| "1 (on Woody Island)" );; line 87986 (wfb::source-text telephone_system paracel_islands local "NA" );; line 87992 (wfb::source-text telephone_system paracel_islands intercity "NA" );; line 87994 (wfb::source-text telephone_system paracel_islands international "NA" );; line 87996 (wfb::source-text radio paracel_islands broadcast_stations "AM, FM, shortwave" );; line 88001 (wfb::source-text radio paracel_islands radios "NA" );; line 88003 (wfb::source-text television paracel_islands broadcast_stations "NA" );; line 88008 (wfb::source-text television paracel_islands televisions "NA" );; line 88010 (wfb::source-text note paracel_islands "occupied by China" );; line 88016 (wfb::source-text location paraguay "Central South America, northeast of Argentina" );; line 88026 (wfb::source-text map_references paraguay "South America" );; line 88030 (wfb::source-text area paraguay total_area "406,750 sq km" );; line 88035 (wfb::source-text area paraguay land_area "397,300 sq km" );; line 88037 (wfb::source-text area paraguay comparative_area "slightly smaller than California" );; line 88039 (wfb::source-text borders paraguay "total 3,920 km, Argentina 1,880 km, Bolivia 750 km, Brazil 1,290 km" );; line 88043 (wfb::source-text coastline paraguay "0 km (landlocked)" );; line 88048 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims paraguay "none; landlocked" );; line 88052 (wfb::source-text international_disputes paraguay "short section of the boundary with Brazil, just west of Salto del Guaira (Guaira Falls) on the Rio Parana, has not been determined" );; line 88056 (wfb::source-text climate paraguay "varies from temperate in east to semiarid in far west" );; line 88061 (wfb::source-text terrain paraguay "grassy plains and wooded hills east of Rio Paraguay; Gran Chaco region west of Rio Paraguay mostly low, marshy plain near the river, and dry forest and thorny scrub elsewhere" );; line 88065 (wfb::source-text natural-resource paraguay "hydropower, timber, iron ore, manganese, limestone" );; line 88071 (wfb::source-text land_use paraguay arable_land "20%" );; line 88076 (wfb::source-text land_use paraguay permanent_crops "1%" );; line 88078 (wfb::source-text land_use paraguay meadows_and_pastures "39%" );; line 88080 (wfb::source-text land_use paraguay forest_and_woodland "35%" );; line 88082 (wfb::source-text land_use paraguay other "5%" );; line 88084 (wfb::source-text irrigated_land paraguay "670 sq km (1989 est.)" );; line 88088 (wfb::source-text environment paraguay current_issues "deforestation (an estimated 2 million hectares of forest land have been lost from 1958-1985); water pollution; inadequate means for waste disposal present health risks for many urban residents" );; line 88093 (wfb::source-text environment paraguay natural_hazards "local flooding in southeast (early September to June); poorly drained plains may become boggy (early October to June)" );; line 88097 (wfb::source-text environment paraguay international_agreements "party to - Biodiversity, Climate Change, Endangered Species, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection; signed, but not ratified - Nuclear Test Ban" );; line 88100 (wfb::source-text note paraguay "landlocked; buffer between Argentina and Brazil" );; line 88106 (wfb::source-text population paraguay "5,358,198 (July 1995 est.)" );; line 88112 (wfb::source-text age_structure paraguay 0-14_years "41% (female 1,077,284; male 1,123,776)" );; line 88117 (wfb::source-text age_structure paraguay 15-64_years "55% (female 1,465,147; male 1,468,642)" );; line 88119 (wfb::source-text age_structure paraguay 65_years_and_over "4% (female 120,776; male 102,573) (July 1995 est.)" );; line 88121 (wfb::source-text population_growth_rate paraguay "2.71% (1995 est.)" );; line 88125 (wfb::source-text birth_rate paraguay "31.48 births/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 88129 (wfb::source-text death_rate paraguay "4.38 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 88133 (wfb::source-text net_migration_rate paraguay "0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 88137 (wfb::source-text infant_mortality_rate paraguay "24.1 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.)" );; line 88141 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth paraguay total_population "73.58 years" );; line 88146 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth paraguay male "72.06 years" );; line 88148 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth paraguay female "75.18 years (1995 est.)" );; line 88150 (wfb::source-text total_fertility_rate paraguay "4.22 children born/woman (1995 est.)" );; line 88154 (wfb::source-text nationality paraguay noun "Paraguayan(s)" );; line 88159 (wfb::source-text nationality paraguay adjective "Paraguayan" );; line 88161 (wfb::source-text ethnic-entity paraguay "mestizo (mixed Spanish and Indian) 95%, Caucasians plus Amerindians 5%" );; line 88165 (wfb::source-text religion paraguay "Roman Catholic 90%, Mennonite and other Protestant denominations" );; line 88170 (wfb::source-text language paraguay "Spanish (official), Guarani" );; line 88174 (wfb::source-text literacy paraguay "age 15 and over can read and write (1990 est.)" );; line 88178 (wfb::source-text literacy paraguay total_population "90%" );; line 88180 (wfb::source-text literacy paraguay male "92%" );; line 88182 (wfb::source-text literacy paraguay female "88%" );; line 88184 (wfb::source-text total_labor_force paraguay "1.692 million (1993 est.)" );; line 88188 (wfb::source-text labor_force_by_occupation paraguay by_occupation "agriculture 45%" );; line 88190 (wfb::source-text names paraguay conventional_long_form "Republic of Paraguay" );; line 88196 (wfb::source-text names paraguay conventional_short_form "Paraguay" );; line 88198 (wfb::source-text names paraguay local_long_form "Republica del Paraguay" );; line 88200 (wfb::source-text names paraguay local_short_form "Paraguay" );; line 88202 (wfb::source-text digraph paraguay "PA" );; line 88206 (wfb::source-text type paraguay "republic" );; line 88210 (wfb::source-text capital paraguay "Asuncion" );; line 88214 (wfb::source-text administrative_divisions paraguay "19 departments (departamentos, singular - departamento); Alto Paraguay, Alto Parana, Amambay, Boqueron, Caaguazu, Caazapa, Canindeyu, Central, Chaco, Concepcion, Cordillera, Guaira, Itapua, Misiones, Neembucu, Nueva Asuncion, Paraguari, Presidente Hayes, San Pedro" );; line 88218 (wfb::source-text independence paraguay "14 May 1811 (from Spain)" );; line 88225 (wfb::source-text national_holiday paraguay "Independence Days, 14-15 May (1811)" );; line 88229 (wfb::source-text constitution paraguay "promulgated 20 June 1992" );; line 88233 (wfb::source-text legal_system paraguay "based on Argentine codes, Roman law, and French codes; judicial review of legislative acts in Supreme Court of Justice; does not accept compulsory ICJ jurisdiction" );; line 88237 (wfb::source-text suffrage paraguay "18 years of age; universal and compulsory up to age 60" );; line 88243 (wfb::source-text executive_branch paraguay chief_of_state_and_head_of_government "President Juan Carlos WASMOSY (since 15 August 1993); Vice President Roberto Angel SEIFART (since 15 August 1993); election last held 9 May 1993 (next to be held May 1998); results - Juan Carlos WASMOSY 40.09%, Domingo LAINO 32.06%, Guillermo CABALLERO VARGAS 23.04%" );; line 88248 (wfb::source-text executive_branch paraguay cabinet "Council of Ministers; nominated by the president" );; line 88253 (wfb::source-text legislative_structure paraguay "bicameral Congress (Congreso)" );; line 88257 (wfb::source-text legislative_branch paraguay |Chamber of Senators (Camara de Senadores)| "elections last held 9 May 1993 (next to be held May 1998); results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (45 total) Colorado Party 20, PLRA 17, EN 8" );; line 88259 (wfb::source-text legislative_branch paraguay |Chamber of Deputies (Camara de Diputados)| "elections last held on 9 May 1993 (next to be held by May 1998); results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (80 total) Colorado Party 38, PLRA 33, EN 9" );; line 88263 (wfb::source-text judicial_branch paraguay "Supreme Court of Justice (Corte Suprema de Justicia)" );; line 88269 (wfb::source-text political_parties_and_leaders paraguay "Colorado Party, Eugenio SANABRIA CANTERO, president; Authentic Radical Liberal Party (PLRA), Domingo LAINO; National Encounter (EN), Guillermo CABALLERO VARGAS (the EN party includes the following minor parties: Christian Democratic Party (PDC), Jose Angel BURRO; Febrerista Revolutionary Party (PRF), Euclides ACEVEDO; Popular Democratic Party (PDP), Hugo RICHER)" );; line 88273 (wfb::source-text other_political_or_pressure_groups paraguay "Confederation of Workers (CUT); Roman Catholic Church" );; line 88281 (wfb::source-text member_of paraguay "AG (observer), CCC, ECLAC, FAO, G-77, GATT, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, IOM, ITU, LAES, LAIA, MERCOSUR, OAS, OPANAL, PCA, RG, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCL, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO" );; line 88285 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us paraguay chief_of_mission "Ambassador Jorge Genaro Andres PRIETO CONTI" );; line 88293 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us paraguay chancery "2400 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008" );; line 88295 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us paraguay telephone "[1] (202) 483-6960 through 6962" );; line 88297 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us paraguay fax "[1] (202) 234-4508" );; line 88299 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us paraguay |consulate(s) general| "Miami, New Orleans, and New York" );; line 88301 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation paraguay chief_of_mission "Ambassador Robert SERVICE" );; line 88306 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation paraguay embassy "1776 Avenida Mariscal Lopez, Asuncion" );; line 88308 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation paraguay mailing_address "C. P. 402, Asuncion; Unit 4711, APO AA 34036-0001" );; line 88310 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation paraguay telephone "[595] (21) 213-715" );; line 88312 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation paraguay fax "[595] (21) 213-728" );; line 88314 (wfb::source-text flag paraguay "three equal, horizontal bands of red (top), white, and blue with an emblem centered in the white band; unusual flag in that the emblem is different on each side; the obverse (hoist side at the left) bears the national coat of arms (a yellow five-pointed star within a green wreath capped by the words REPUBLICA DEL PARAGUAY, all within two circles); the reverse (hoist side at the right) bears the seal of the treasury (a yellow lion below a red Cap of Liberty and the words Paz y Justicia (Peace and Justice) capped by the words REPUBLICA DEL PARAGUAY, all within two circles)" );; line 88318 (wfb::source-text overview paraguay "Agriculture, including forestry, accounts for about 25% of GDP, employs about 45% of the labor force, and provides the bulk of exports, in which soybeans and cotton are the most important. Paraguay lacks substantial mineral or petroleum resources but possesses a large hydropower potential. In a major step to increase its economic activity in the region, Paraguay in March 1991 joined the Southern Cone Common Market (MERCOSUR), which includes Brazil, Argentina, and Uruguay. In 1992, the government, through an unorthodox approach, reduced external debt with both commercial and official creditors by purchasing a sizable amount of the delinquent commercial debt in the secondary market at a substantial discount. The government had paid 100% of remaining official debt arrears to the US, Germany, France, and Spain. All commercial debt arrears have been rescheduled. For the long run, the government must press forward with general, market-oriented economic reforms. Growth of 3.5% in 1993 was spurred by higher-than-expected agricultural output and rising international commodity prices. Inflation picked up steam in fourth quarter 1993 because of rises in public sector salaries and utility rates. GDP growth continued in 1994 at 3.5%. Although inflation declined a bit over 1993, increases in food prices, and crop and infrastructure damage from heavy rains at the end of the year, forced inflation to 18%, above the government's target of 15%. Paraguay reaffirmed its commitment to MERCOSUR on 1 January 1995 by implementing the organization's common external tariff." );; line 88330 (wfb::source-text national_product paraguay "GDP - purchasing power parity - $15.4 billion (1994 est.)" );; line 88354 (wfb::source-text national_product_real_growth_rate paraguay "3.5% (1994 est.)" );; line 88358 (wfb::source-text national_product_per_capita paraguay "$2,950 (1994 est.)" );; line 88362 (wfb::source-text |Inflation rate (consumer prices)| paraguay "18% (1994 est.)" );; line 88366 (wfb::source-text unemployment_rate paraguay "11.2% (1994 est.)" );; line 88370 (wfb::source-text budget paraguay revenues "$1.2 billion" );; line 88375 (wfb::source-text budget paraguay expenditures "$1.4 billion, including capital expenditures of $487 million (1992 est.)" );; line 88377 (wfb::source-text exports paraguay "$728 million (f.o.b., 1993 est.)" );; line 88382 (wfb::source-text exports paraguay commodities "cotton, soybeans, timber, vegetable oils, meat products, coffee, tung oil" );; line 88384 (wfb::source-text exports paraguay partners "EC 37%, Brazil 25%, Argentina 10%, Chile 6%, US 6%" );; line 88387 (wfb::source-text imports paraguay "$1.38 billion (c.i.f., 1993 est.)" );; line 88391 (wfb::source-text imports paraguay commodities "capital goods, foodstuffs, consumer goods, raw materials, fuels" );; line 88393 (wfb::source-text imports paraguay partners "Brazil 30%, EC 20%, US 18%, Argentina 8%, Japan 7%" );; line 88395 (wfb::source-text external_debt paraguay "$1.4 billion (yearend 1993 est.)" );; line 88399 (wfb::source-text industrial_production paraguay "growth rate 3.6% (1993 est.); accounts for 20% of GDP" );; line 88403 (wfb::source-text electricity paraguay capacity "6,530,000 kW" );; line 88408 (wfb::source-text electricity paraguay production "26.5 billion kWh (1992)" );; line 88410 (wfb::source-text electricity paraguay consumption_per_capita "NA" );; line 88412 (wfb::source-text industry paraguay "meat packing, oilseed crushing, milling, brewing, textiles, other light consumer goods, cement, construction" );; line 88419 (wfb::source-text agriculture paraguay "accounts for 26% of GDP; cash crops - cotton, sugarcane, soybeans; other crops - corn, wheat, tobacco, cassava, fruits, vegetables; animal products - beef, pork, eggs, milk; surplus producer of timber; self-sufficient in most foods" );; line 88424 (wfb::source-text illicit_drugs paraguay "illicit producer of cannabis for the international drug trade; important transshipment point for Bolivian cocaine headed for the US and Europe" );; line 88431 (wfb::source-text economic_aid paraguay recipient "US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-89), $172 million; Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-89), $1.1 billion" );; line 88437 (wfb::source-text currency paraguay "1 guarani (G) = 100 centimos" );; line 88442 (wfb::source-text exchange_rates paraguay "guaranies (G) per US$ - 1,949.6 (January 1995), 1,911.5 (1994), 1,744.3 (1993), 1,500.3 (1992), 1,325.2 (1991), 1,229.8 (1990)" );; line 88446 (wfb::source-text fiscal_year paraguay "calendar year" );; line 88451 (wfb::source-text railroads paraguay total "970 km" );; line 88457 (wfb::source-text railroads paraguay standard_gauge "440 km 1.435-m gauge" );; line 88459 (wfb::source-text railroads paraguay narrow_gauge "60 km 1.000-m gauge" );; line 88461 (wfb::source-text railroads paraguay other "470 km various gauges (privately owned)" );; line 88463 (wfb::source-text highways paraguay total "28,300 km" );; line 88468 (wfb::source-text highways paraguay paved "2,600 km" );; line 88470 (wfb::source-text highways paraguay unpaved "gravel 500 km; earth 25,200 km" );; line 88472 (wfb::source-text inland_waterways paraguay "3,100 km" );; line 88476 (wfb::source-text port paraguay "Asuncion, Villeta, San Antonio, Encarnacion" );; line 88480 (wfb::source-text merchant_marine paraguay total "13 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 16,747 GRT/19,513 DWT" );; line 88485 (wfb::source-text merchant_marine paraguay ships_by_type "cargo 11, oil tanker 2" );; line 88487 (wfb::source-text airports paraguay total "929" );; line 88494 (wfb::source-text airports paraguay |with paved runways over 3,047 m| "2" );; line 88496 (wfb::source-text airports paraguay |with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m| "2" );; line 88498 (wfb::source-text airports paraguay |with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m| "3" );; line 88500 (wfb::source-text airports paraguay with_paved_runways_under_914_m "578" );; line 88502 (wfb::source-text airports paraguay |with unpaved runways over 3,047 m| "2" );; line 88504 (wfb::source-text airports paraguay |with unpaved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m| "1" );; line 88506 (wfb::source-text airports paraguay |with unpaved runways 1,524 to 2,438 m| "27" );; line 88508 (wfb::source-text airports paraguay |with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m| "314" );; line 88510 (wfb::source-text telephone_system paraguay "78,300 telephones; 16 telephones/1,000 persons; meager telephone service; principal switching center in Asuncion" );; line 88515 (wfb::source-text telephone_system paraguay local "NA" );; line 88518 (wfb::source-text telephone_system paraguay intercity "fair microwave radio relay network" );; line 88520 (wfb::source-text telephone_system paraguay international "1 INTELSAT (Atlantic Ocean) earth station" );; line 88522 (wfb::source-text radio paraguay broadcast_stations "AM 40, FM 0, shortwave 7" );; line 88527 (wfb::source-text radio paraguay radios "NA" );; line 88529 (wfb::source-text television paraguay broadcast_stations "5" );; line 88534 (wfb::source-text television paraguay televisions "NA" );; line 88536 (wfb::source-text defense_branch paraguay "Army, Navy (includes Naval Air and Marines), Air Force" );; line 88542 (wfb::source-text manpower_availability paraguay "males age 15-49 1,290,894; males fit for military service 937,054; males reach military age (17) annually 55,551 (1995 est.)" );; line 88546 (wfb::source-text defense_expenditures paraguay "exchange rate conversion - $100 million, 1.6% of GDP (1994 est.)" );; line 88551 (wfb::source-text location peru "Western South America, bordering the South Pacific Ocean, between Chile and Ecuador" );; line 88561 (wfb::source-text map_references peru "South America" );; line 88566 (wfb::source-text area peru total_area "1,285,220 sq km" );; line 88571 (wfb::source-text area peru land_area "1.28 million sq km" );; line 88573 (wfb::source-text area peru comparative_area "slightly smaller than Alaska" );; line 88575 (wfb::source-text borders peru "total 6,940 km, Bolivia 900 km, Brazil 1,560 km, Chile 160 km, Colombia 2,900 km, Ecuador 1,420 km" );; line 88579 (wfb::source-text coastline peru "2,414 km" );; line 88584 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims peru continental_shelf "200 nm" );; line 88589 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims peru territorial_sea "200 nm" );; line 88591 (wfb::source-text international_disputes peru "three sections of the boundary with Ecuador are in dispute" );; line 88595 (wfb::source-text climate peru "varies from tropical in east to dry desert in west" );; line 88599 (wfb::source-text terrain peru "western coastal plain (costa), high and rugged Andes in center (sierra), eastern lowland jungle of Amazon Basin (selva)" );; line 88603 (wfb::source-text natural-resource peru "copper, silver, gold, petroleum, timber, fish, iron ore, coal, phosphate, potash" );; line 88608 (wfb::source-text land_use peru arable_land "3%" );; line 88614 (wfb::source-text land_use peru permanent_crops "0%" );; line 88616 (wfb::source-text land_use peru meadows_and_pastures "21%" );; line 88618 (wfb::source-text land_use peru forest_and_woodland "55%" );; line 88620 (wfb::source-text land_use peru other "21%" );; line 88622 (wfb::source-text irrigated_land peru "12,500 sq km (1989 est.)" );; line 88626 (wfb::source-text environment peru current_issues "deforestation; overgrazing of the slopes of the costa and sierra leading to soil erosion; desertification; air pollution in Lima; pollution of rivers and coastal waters from municipal and mining wastes" );; line 88631 (wfb::source-text environment peru natural_hazards "earthquakes, tsunamis, flooding, landslides, mild volcanic activity" );; line 88635 (wfb::source-text environment peru international_agreements "party to - Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Wetlands, Whaling; signed, but not ratified - Desertification, Tropical Timber 94" );; line 88638 (wfb::source-text note peru "shares control of Lago Titicaca, world's highest navigable lake, with Bolivia" );; line 88645 (wfb::source-text population peru "24,087,372 (July 1995 est.)" );; line 88652 (wfb::source-text age_structure peru 0-14_years "35% (female 4,152,520; male 4,296,293)" );; line 88657 (wfb::source-text age_structure peru 15-64_years "61% (female 7,280,287; male 7,378,227)" );; line 88659 (wfb::source-text age_structure peru 65_years_and_over "4% (female 535,156; male 444,889) (July 1995 est.)" );; line 88661 (wfb::source-text population_growth_rate peru "1.8% (1995 est.)" );; line 88665 (wfb::source-text birth_rate peru "24.88 births/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 88669 (wfb::source-text death_rate peru "6.84 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 88673 (wfb::source-text net_migration_rate peru "0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 88677 (wfb::source-text infant_mortality_rate peru "52.1 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.)" );; line 88681 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth peru total_population "66.07 years" );; line 88686 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth peru male "63.86 years" );; line 88688 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth peru female "68.38 years (1995 est.)" );; line 88690 (wfb::source-text total_fertility_rate peru "3 children born/woman (1995 est.)" );; line 88694 (wfb::source-text nationality peru noun "Peruvian(s)" );; line 88699 (wfb::source-text nationality peru adjective "Peruvian" );; line 88701 (wfb::source-text ethnic-entity peru "Indian 45%, mestizo (mixed Indian and European ancestry) 37%, white 15%, black, Japanese, Chinese, and other 3%" );; line 88705 (wfb::source-text religion peru "Roman Catholic" );; line 88710 (wfb::source-text language peru "Spanish (official), Quechua (official), Aymara" );; line 88714 (wfb::source-text literacy peru "age 15 and over can read and write (1990 est.)" );; line 88718 (wfb::source-text literacy peru total_population "82%" );; line 88720 (wfb::source-text literacy peru male "92%" );; line 88722 (wfb::source-text literacy peru female "74%" );; line 88724 (wfb::source-text total_labor_force peru "8 million (1992)" );; line 88728 (wfb::source-text labor_force_by_occupation peru by_occupation "government and other services 44%, agriculture 37%, industry 19% (1988 est.)" );; line 88730 (wfb::source-text names peru conventional_long_form "Republic of Peru" );; line 88737 (wfb::source-text names peru conventional_short_form "Peru" );; line 88739 (wfb::source-text names peru local_long_form "Republica del Peru" );; line 88741 (wfb::source-text names peru local_short_form "Peru" );; line 88743 (wfb::source-text digraph peru "PE" );; line 88747 (wfb::source-text type peru "republic" );; line 88751 (wfb::source-text capital peru "Lima" );; line 88755 (wfb::source-text administrative_divisions peru "24 departments (departamentos, singular - departamento) and 1 constitutional province* (provincia constitucional); Amazonas, Ancash, Apurimac, Arequipa, Ayacucho, Cajamarca, Callao*, Cusco, Huancavelica, Huanuco, Ica, Junin, La Libertad, Lambayeque, Lima, Loreto, Madre de Dios, Moquegua, Pasco, Piura, Puno, San Martin, Tacna, Tumbes, Ucayali" );; line 88759 (wfb::source-text independence peru "28 July 1821 (from Spain)" );; line 88783 (wfb::source-text national_holiday peru "Independence Day, 28 July (1821)" );; line 88787 (wfb::source-text constitution peru "31 December 1993" );; line 88791 (wfb::source-text legal_system peru "based on civil law system; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction" );; line 88795 (wfb::source-text suffrage peru "18 years of age; universal" );; line 88800 (wfb::source-text executive_branch peru chief_of_state_and_head_of_government "President Alberto Kenyo FUJIMORI Fujimori (since 28 July 1990); election last held 9 April 1995 (next to be held NA 2000); results - Alberto FUJIMORI 64.42%, Javier PEREZ de CUELLAR 21.80%, Mercedes CABANILLAS 4.11%, other 9.67%" );; line 88805 (wfb::source-text executive_branch peru cabinet "Council of Ministers; appointed by the president" );; line 88810 (wfb::source-text legislative_structure peru "unicameral" );; line 88818 (wfb::source-text legislative_branch peru congress "elections last held 9 April 1995 (next to be held NA 2000); results - C90/NM 52.1% of the total vote, UPP 14%, eleven other parties 33.9%; seats - (120 total, when installed on 28 July 1995) C90/NM 67, UPP 17, APRA 8, FIM 6, (CODE)-Pais Posible 5, AP 4, PPC 3, Renovacion 3, IU 2, OBRAS 2, MIA 1, FRENATRACA 1, (FREPAP) 1" );; line 88820 (wfb::source-text judicial_branch peru "Supreme Court of Justice (Corte Suprema de Justicia)" );; line 88828 (wfb::source-text political_parties_and_leaders peru "Change 90-New Majority (C90/NM), Alberto FUJIMORI; Union for Peru (UPP), Javier PEREZ de CUELLAR; American Popular Revolutionary Alliance (APRA), Agustin MANTILLA Campos; Independent Moralizing Front (FIM), Fernando OLIVERA Vega; Democratic Coordinator (CODE) - Pais Posible, Jose BARBA Caballero and Alejandro TOLEDO; Popular Action Party (AP), Raul DIEZ CANSECO; Popular Christian Party (PPC), Luis BEDOYA Reyes; Renovacion, Rafael REY Rey; Civic Works Movement (OBRAS), Ricardo BELMONT; United Left (IU), Agustin HAYA de la TORRE; Independent Agrarian Movement (MIA), Rolando SALVATERRIE; Peru 2000-National Front of Workers and Peasants (FRENATRACA), Roger CACARES; Popular Agricultural Front (FREPAP), Ezequiel ATAUCUSI" );; line 88832 (wfb::source-text other_political_or_pressure_groups peru "leftist guerrilla groups include Shining Path, Abimael GUZMAN Reynoso (imprisoned); Tupac Amaru Revolutionary Movement, Nestor SERPA and Victor POLAY (imprisoned)" );; line 88845 (wfb::source-text member_of peru "AG, CCC, ECLAC, FAO, G-11, G-15, G-19, G-24, G-77, GATT, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, INMARSAT, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, IOM, ISO (correspondent), ITU, LAES, LAIA, NAM, OAS, OPANAL, PCA, RG (suspended), UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO" );; line 88851 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us peru chief_of_mission "Ambassador Ricardo V. LUNA Mendoza" );; line 88860 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us peru chancery "1700 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20036" );; line 88862 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us peru telephone "[1] (202) 833-9860 through 9869" );; line 88864 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us peru fax "[1] (202) 659-8124" );; line 88866 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us peru |consulate(s) general| "Chicago, Houston, Los Angeles, Miami, New York, Paterson (New Jersey), and San Francisco" );; line 88868 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation peru chief_of_mission "Ambassador Alvin P. ADAMS, Jr." );; line 88874 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation peru embassy "corner of Avenida Inca Garcilaso de la Vega and Avenida Espana, Lima" );; line 88876 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation peru mailing_address "P. O. Box 1995, Lima 1; American Embassy (Lima), APO AA 34031" );; line 88879 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation peru telephone "[51] (14) 338000" );; line 88881 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation peru fax "[51] (14) 316682" );; line 88883 (wfb::source-text flag peru "three equal, vertical bands of red (hoist side), white, and red with the coat of arms centered in the white band; the coat of arms features a shield bearing a llama, cinchona tree (the source of quinine), and a yellow cornucopia spilling out gold coins, all framed by a green wreath" );; line 88887 (wfb::source-text overview peru "The Peruvian economy has become increasingly market-oriented, with major privatizations completed in 1994 in the mining and telecommunications industries. In the 1980s the economy suffered from hyperinflation, declining per capita output, and mounting external debt. Peru was shut off from IMF and World Bank support in the mid-1980s because of its huge debt arrears. An austerity program implemented shortly after the FUJIMORI government took office in July 1990 contributed to a third consecutive yearly contraction of economic activity, but the slide came to a halt late that year, and in 1991 output rose 2.4%. After a burst of inflation as the austerity program eliminated government price subsidies, monthly price increases eased to the single-digit level and by December 1991 dropped to the lowest increase since mid-1987. Lima obtained a financial rescue package from multilateral lenders in September 1991, although it faced $14 billion in arrears on its external debt. By working with the IMF and World Bank on new financial conditions and arrangements, the government succeeded in ending its arrears by March 1993. In 1992, GDP had fallen by 2.8%, in part because a warmer-than-usual El Nino current resulted in a 30% drop in the fish catch, but the economy rebounded as strong foreign investment helped push growth to 6% in 1993 and 8.6% in 1994." );; line 88895 (wfb::source-text national_product peru "GDP - purchasing power parity - $73.6 billion (1994 est.)" );; line 88916 (wfb::source-text national_product_real_growth_rate peru "8.6% (1994 est.)" );; line 88920 (wfb::source-text national_product_per_capita peru "$3,110 (1994 est.)" );; line 88924 (wfb::source-text |Inflation rate (consumer prices)| peru "15% (1994 est.)" );; line 88928 (wfb::source-text unemployment_rate peru "15%; extensive underemployment (1992 est.)" );; line 88932 (wfb::source-text budget peru revenues "$2 billion" );; line 88937 (wfb::source-text budget peru expenditures "$1.7 billion, including capital expenditures of $300 million (1992 est.)" );; line 88939 (wfb::source-text exports peru "$4.1 billion (f.o.b., 1994 est.)" );; line 88944 (wfb::source-text exports peru commodities "copper, zinc, fishmeal, crude petroleum and byproducts, lead, refined silver, coffee, cotton" );; line 88946 (wfb::source-text exports peru partners "US 19%, Japan 9%, Italy, Germany" );; line 88949 (wfb::source-text imports peru "$5.1 billion (f.o.b., 1994 est.)" );; line 88953 (wfb::source-text imports peru commodities "machinery, transport equipment, foodstuffs, petroleum, iron and steel, chemicals, pharmaceuticals" );; line 88955 (wfb::source-text imports peru partners "US 21%, Colombia, Argentina, Japan, Germany, Brazil" );; line 88958 (wfb::source-text external_debt peru "$22.4 billion (1994 est.)" );; line 88962 (wfb::source-text industrial_production peru "NA" );; line 88966 (wfb::source-text electricity peru capacity "4,190,000 kW" );; line 88971 (wfb::source-text electricity peru production "11.2 billion kWh" );; line 88973 (wfb::source-text electricity peru consumption_per_capita "448 kWh (1993)" );; line 88975 (wfb::source-text industry peru "mining of metals, petroleum, fishing, textiles, clothing, food processing, cement, auto assembly, steel, shipbuilding, metal fabrication" );; line 88979 (wfb::source-text agriculture peru "accounts for 12% of GDP, about 35% of labor force; commercial crops - coffee, cotton, sugarcane; other crops - rice, wheat, potatoes, plantains, coca; animal products - poultry, red meats, dairy, wool; not self-sufficient in grain or vegetable oil; fish catch of 6.9 million metric tons (1990)" );; line 88984 (wfb::source-text illicit_drugs peru "world's largest coca leaf producer with about 108,600 hectares under cultivation in 1994; source of supply for most of the world's coca paste and cocaine base; at least 85% of coca cultivation is for illicit production; most of cocaine base is shipped to Colombian drug dealers for processing into cocaine for the international drug market, but exports of finished cocaine are increasing" );; line 88992 (wfb::source-text economic_aid peru recipient "US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-89), $1.7 billion; Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-89), $4.3 billion; Communist countries (1970-89), $577 million" );; line 89002 (wfb::source-text currency peru "1 nuevo sol (S/.) = 100 centimos" );; line 89008 (wfb::source-text exchange_rates peru "nuevo sol (S/.) per US$1 - 2.20 (February 1995), 2.195 (1994),1.988 (1993), 1.245 (1992), 0.772 (1991), 0.187 (1990)" );; line 89012 (wfb::source-text fiscal_year peru "calendar year" );; line 89017 (wfb::source-text railroads peru total "1,801 km" );; line 89023 (wfb::source-text railroads peru standard_gauge "1,501 km 1.435-m gauge" );; line 89025 (wfb::source-text railroads peru narrow_gauge "300 km 0.914-m gauge" );; line 89027 (wfb::source-text highways peru total "69,942 km" );; line 89032 (wfb::source-text highways peru paved "7,459 km" );; line 89034 (wfb::source-text highways peru unpaved "improved earth 13,538 km; unimproved earth 48,945 km" );; line 89036 (wfb::source-text inland_waterways peru "8,600 km of navigable tributaries of Amazon system and 208 km of Lago Titicaca" );; line 89040 (wfb::source-text pipelines peru "crude oil 800 km; natural gas and natural gas liquids 64 km" );; line 89045 (wfb::source-text port peru "Callao, Chimbote, Ilo, Iquitos, Matarani, Paita, Pucallpa, Salaverry, San Martin, Talara, Yurimaguas" );; line 89049 (wfb::source-text merchant_marine peru total "10 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 90,501 GRT/144,913 DWT" );; line 89058 (wfb::source-text merchant_marine peru ships_by_type "bulk 3, cargo 6, refrigerated cargo 1" );; line 89060 (wfb::source-text airports peru total "236" );; line 89068 (wfb::source-text airports peru |with paved runways over 3,047 m| "6" );; line 89070 (wfb::source-text airports peru |with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m| "16" );; line 89072 (wfb::source-text airports peru |with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m| "11" );; line 89074 (wfb::source-text airports peru |with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m| "5" );; line 89076 (wfb::source-text airports peru with_paved_runways_under_914_m "97" );; line 89078 (wfb::source-text airports peru |with unpaved runways over 3,047 m| "1" );; line 89080 (wfb::source-text airports peru |with unpaved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m| "2" );; line 89082 (wfb::source-text airports peru |with unpaved runways 1,524 to 2,438 m| "21" );; line 89084 (wfb::source-text airports peru |with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m| "77" );; line 89086 (wfb::source-text telephone_system peru "544,000 telephones; fairly adequate for most requirements" );; line 89091 (wfb::source-text telephone_system peru local "NA" );; line 89093 (wfb::source-text telephone_system peru intercity "nationwide microwave radio relay system and 12 domestic satellite links" );; line 89095 (wfb::source-text telephone_system peru international "2 Atlantic Ocean INTELSAT earth stations" );; line 89098 (wfb::source-text radio peru broadcast_stations "AM 273, FM 0, shortwave 144" );; line 89103 (wfb::source-text radio peru radios "NA" );; line 89105 (wfb::source-text television peru broadcast_stations "140" );; line 89110 (wfb::source-text television peru televisions "NA" );; line 89112 (wfb::source-text defense_branch peru "Army (Ejercito Peruano), Navy (Marina de Guerra del Peru), Air Force (Fuerza Aerea del Peru), National Police" );; line 89118 (wfb::source-text manpower_availability peru "males age 15-49 6,369,157; males fit for military service 4,300,772; males reach military age (20) annually 251,798 (1995 est.)" );; line 89123 (wfb::source-text defense_expenditures peru "exchange rate conversion - $810 million, about 2.7% of GDP (1994)" );; line 89128 (wfb::source-text location philippines "Southeastern Asia, archipelago between the Philippine Sea and the South China Sea, east of Vietnam" );; line 89138 (wfb::source-text map_references philippines "Southeast Asia" );; line 89143 (wfb::source-text area philippines total_area "300,000 sq km" );; line 89148 (wfb::source-text area philippines land_area "298,170 sq km" );; line 89150 (wfb::source-text area philippines comparative_area "slightly larger than Arizona" );; line 89152 (wfb::source-text borders philippines "0 km" );; line 89156 (wfb::source-text coastline philippines "36,289 km" );; line 89160 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims philippines "measured from claimed archipelagic baselines" );; line 89164 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims philippines continental_shelf "to depth of exploitation" );; line 89166 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims philippines exclusive_economic_zone "200 nm" );; line 89168 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims philippines territorial_sea "irregular polygon extending up to 100 nm from coastline as defined by 1898 treaty; since late 1970s has also claimed polygonal-shaped area in South China Sea up to 285 nm in breadth" );; line 89170 (wfb::source-text international_disputes philippines "involved in a complex dispute over the Spratly Islands with China, Malaysia, Taiwan, Vietnam, and possibly Brunei; claims Malaysian state of Sabah" );; line 89176 (wfb::source-text climate philippines "tropical marine; northeast monsoon (November to April); southwest monsoon (May to October)" );; line 89182 (wfb::source-text terrain philippines "mostly mountains with narrow to extensive coastal lowlands" );; line 89187 (wfb::source-text natural-resource philippines "timber, petroleum, nickel, cobalt, silver, gold, salt, copper" );; line 89191 (wfb::source-text land_use philippines arable_land "26%" );; line 89196 (wfb::source-text land_use philippines permanent_crops "11%" );; line 89198 (wfb::source-text land_use philippines meadows_and_pastures "4%" );; line 89200 (wfb::source-text land_use philippines forest_and_woodland "40%" );; line 89202 (wfb::source-text land_use philippines other "19%" );; line 89204 (wfb::source-text irrigated_land philippines "16,200 sq km (1989 est.)" );; line 89208 (wfb::source-text environment philippines current_issues "uncontrolled deforestation in watershed areas; soil erosion; air and water pollution in Manila; increasing pollution of coastal mangrove swamps which are important fish breeding grounds" );; line 89213 (wfb::source-text environment philippines natural_hazards "astride typhoon belt, usually affected by 15 and struck by five to six cyclonic storms per year; landslides, active volcanoes, destructive earthquakes, tsunamis" );; line 89217 (wfb::source-text environment philippines international_agreements "party to - Biodiversity, Climate Change, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Tropical Timber 83, Wetlands" );; line 89221 (wfb::source-text population philippines "73,265,584 (July 1995 est.)" );; line 89229 (wfb::source-text age_structure philippines 0-14_years "38% (female 13,841,552; male 14,214,234)" );; line 89234 (wfb::source-text age_structure philippines 15-64_years "58% (female 21,603,818; male 20,923,307)" );; line 89236 (wfb::source-text age_structure philippines 65_years_and_over "4% (female 1,425,706; male 1,256,967) (July 1995 est.)" );; line 89238 (wfb::source-text population_growth_rate philippines "2.23% (1995 est.)" );; line 89242 (wfb::source-text birth_rate philippines "30.42 births/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 89246 (wfb::source-text death_rate philippines "6.97 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 89250 (wfb::source-text net_migration_rate philippines "-1.14 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 89254 (wfb::source-text infant_mortality_rate philippines "49.6 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.)" );; line 89258 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth philippines total_population "65.65 years" );; line 89263 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth philippines male "63.16 years" );; line 89265 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth philippines female "68.25 years (1995 est.)" );; line 89267 (wfb::source-text total_fertility_rate philippines "3.81 children born/woman (1995 est.)" );; line 89271 (wfb::source-text nationality philippines noun "Filipino(s)" );; line 89276 (wfb::source-text nationality philippines adjective "Philippine" );; line 89278 (wfb::source-text ethnic-entity philippines "Christian Malay 91.5%, Muslim Malay 4%, Chinese 1.5%, other 3%" );; line 89282 (wfb::source-text religion philippines "Roman Catholic 83%, Protestant 9%, Muslim 5%, Buddhist and other 3%" );; line 89286 (wfb::source-text language philippines "Pilipino (official; based on Tagalog), English (official)" );; line 89291 (wfb::source-text literacy philippines "age 15 and over can read and write (1990)" );; line 89295 (wfb::source-text literacy philippines total_population "94%" );; line 89297 (wfb::source-text literacy philippines male "94%" );; line 89299 (wfb::source-text literacy philippines female "93%" );; line 89301 (wfb::source-text total_labor_force philippines "24.12 million" );; line 89305 (wfb::source-text labor_force_by_occupation philippines by_occupation "agriculture 46%, industry and commerce 16%, services 18.5%, government 10%, other 9.5% (1989)" );; line 89307 (wfb::source-text names philippines conventional_long_form "Republic of the Philippines" );; line 89314 (wfb::source-text names philippines conventional_short_form "Philippines" );; line 89316 (wfb::source-text names philippines local_long_form "Republika ng Pilipinas" );; line 89318 (wfb::source-text names philippines local_short_form "Pilipinas" );; line 89320 (wfb::source-text digraph philippines "RP" );; line 89324 (wfb::source-text type philippines "republic" );; line 89328 (wfb::source-text capital philippines "Manila" );; line 89332 (wfb::source-text administrative_divisions philippines "72 provinces and 61 chartered cities*; Abra, Agusan del Norte, Agusan del Sur, Aklan, Albay, Angeles*, Antique, Aurora, Bacolod*, Bago*, Baguio*, Bais*, Basilan, Basilan City*, Bataan, Batanes, Batangas, Batangas City*, Benguet, Bohol, Bukidnon, Bulacan, Butuan*, Cabanatuan*, Cadiz*, Cagayan, Cagayan de Oro*, Calbayog*, Caloocan*, Camarines Norte, Camarines Sur, Camiguin, Canlaon*, Capiz, Catanduanes, Cavite, Cavite City*, Cebu, Cebu City*, Cotabato*, Dagupan*, Danao*, Dapitan*, Davao City* Davao, Davao del Sur, Davao Oriental, Dipolog*, Dumaguete*, Eastern Samar, General Santos*, Gingoog*, Ifugao, Iligan*, Ilocos Norte, Ilocos Sur, Iloilo, Iloilo City*, Iriga*, Isabela, Kalinga-Apayao, La Carlota*, Laguna, Lanao del Norte, Lanao del Sur, Laoag*, Lapu-Lapu*, La Union, Legaspi*, Leyte, Lipa*, Lucena*, Maguindanao, Mandaue*, Manila*, Marawi*, Marinduque, Masbate, Mindoro Occidental, Mindoro Oriental, Misamis Occidental, Misamis Oriental, Mountain, Naga*, Negros Occidental, Negros Oriental, North Cotabato, Northern Samar, Nueva Ecija, Nueva Vizcaya, Olongapo*, Ormoc*, Oroquieta*, Ozamis*, Pagadian*, Palawan, Palayan*, Pampanga, Pangasinan, Pasay*, Puerto Princesa*, Quezon, Quezon City*, Quirino, Rizal, Romblon, Roxas*, Samar, San Carlos* (in Negros Occidental), San Carlos* (in Pangasinan), San Jose*, San Pablo*, Silay*, Siquijor, Sorsogon, South Cotabato, Southern Leyte, Sultan Kudarat, Sulu, Surigao*, Surigao del Norte, Surigao del Sur, Tacloban*, Tagaytay*, Tagbilaran*, Tangub*, Tarlac, Tawitawi, Toledo*, Trece Martires*, Zambales, Zamboanga*, Zamboanga del Norte, Zamboanga del Sur" );; line 89336 (wfb::source-text independence philippines "4 July 1946 (from US)" );; line 89361 (wfb::source-text national_holiday philippines "Independence Day, 12 June (1898) (from Spain)" );; line 89365 (wfb::source-text constitution philippines "2 February 1987, effective 11 February 1987" );; line 89369 (wfb::source-text legal_system philippines "based on Spanish and Anglo-American law; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations" );; line 89373 (wfb::source-text suffrage philippines "15 years of age; universal" );; line 89378 (wfb::source-text executive_branch philippines chief_of_state_and_head_of_government "President Fidel Valdes RAMOS (since 30 June 1992); Vice President Joseph Ejercito ESTRADA (since 30 June 1992); election last held 11 May 1992 (next to be held NA May 1998); results - Fidel Valdes RAMOS won 23.6% of the vote, a narrow plurality" );; line 89383 (wfb::source-text executive_branch philippines cabinet "Executive Secretary; appointed by the president with the consent of the Commission of Appointments" );; line 89388 (wfb::source-text legislative_structure philippines "bicameral Congress (Kongreso)" );; line 89393 (wfb::source-text legislative_branch philippines |Senate (Senado)| "elections last held 11 May 1992 (next to be held NA May 1995); results - LDP 66%, NPC 20%, Lakas/NUCD 8%, Liberal 6%; seats - (24 total) LDP 15, NPC 5, Lakas/NUCD 2, Liberal 1, independent 1" );; line 89395 (wfb::source-text legislative_branch philippines |House of Representatives (Kapulungan Ng Mga Kinatawan)| "elections last held 11 May 1992 (next to be held NA May 1995); results - LDP 43.5%; Lakas/NUCD 25%, NPC 23.5%, Liberal 5%, KBL 3%; seats - (200 total) LDP 87, NPC 45, Lakas/NUCD 41, Liberal 15, NP 6, KBL 3, independents 3" );; line 89399 (wfb::source-text judicial_branch philippines "Supreme Court" );; line 89406 (wfb::source-text political_parties_and_leaders philippines "Democratic Filipino Struggle (Laban ng Demokratikong Pilipinas, LDP), Edgardo ESPIRITU; People Power-National Union of Christian Democrats (Lakas ng Edsa, NUCD and Partido Lakas Tao, Lakas/NUCD); Fidel V. RAMOS, President of the Republic, Raul MANGLAPUS, Jose DE VENECIA, secretary general; Nationalist People's Coalition (NPC), Eduardo COJUANGCO; Liberal Party, Jovito SALONGA; People's Reform Party (PRP), Miriam DEFENSOR-SANTIAGO; New Society Movement (Kilusan Bagong Lipunan; KBL), Imelda MARCOS; Nacionalista Party (NP), Salvador H. LAUREL, president" );; line 89410 (wfb::source-text member_of philippines "APEC, AsDB, ASEAN, CCC, CP, ESCAP, FAO, G-24, G-77, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, INMARSAT, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, NAM, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNU, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO" );; line 89421 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us philippines chief_of_mission "Ambassador Raul Chaves RABE" );; line 89429 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us philippines chancery "1600 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20036" );; line 89431 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us philippines telephone "[1] (202) 467-9300" );; line 89433 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us philippines fax "[1] (202) 328-7614" );; line 89435 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us philippines |consulate(s) general| "Agana (Guam), Chicago, Honolulu, Houston, Los Angeles, New York, San Francisco, and Seattle" );; line 89437 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us philippines |consulate(s)| "San Diego and San Jose (Saipan)" );; line 89440 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation philippines chief_of_mission "Ambassador John D. NEGROPONTE" );; line 89445 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation philippines embassy "1201 Roxas Boulevard, Ermita Manila 1000" );; line 89447 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation philippines mailing_address "APO AP 96440" );; line 89449 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation philippines telephone "[63] (2) 521-71-16" );; line 89451 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation philippines fax "[63] (2) 522-43-61" );; line 89453 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation philippines |consulate(s)| "Cebu" );; line 89455 (wfb::source-text flag philippines "two equal horizontal bands of blue (top) and red with a white equilateral triangle based on the hoist side; in the center of the triangle is a yellow sun with eight primary rays (each containing three individual rays) and in each corner of the triangle is a small yellow five-pointed star" );; line 89459 (wfb::source-text overview philippines "Domestic output in this primarily agricultural economy failed to grow in 1992 and rose only slightly in 1993. Drought and power supply problems hampered production, while inadequate revenues prevented government pump priming. Worker remittances helped to supplement GDP. A marked increase in capital goods imports, particularly power generating equipment, telecommunications equipment, and electronic data processors, contributed to 20% annual import growth in 1992-94. Provided the government can cope with the substantial trade deficit and meet the fiscal targets agreed to with the IMF, the Philippines should duplicate the strong growth performance of 1994 in 1995-96." );; line 89467 (wfb::source-text national_product philippines "GDP - purchasing power parity - $161.4 billion (1994 est.)" );; line 89479 (wfb::source-text national_product_real_growth_rate philippines "4.3% (1994 est.)" );; line 89483 (wfb::source-text national_product_per_capita philippines "$2,310 (1994 est.)" );; line 89487 (wfb::source-text |Inflation rate (consumer prices)| philippines "7.1% (1994 est.)" );; line 89491 (wfb::source-text unemployment_rate philippines "9% (1994)" );; line 89495 (wfb::source-text budget philippines revenues "$14 billion" );; line 89500 (wfb::source-text budget philippines expenditures "$15.4 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA (FY94/95 est.)" );; line 89502 (wfb::source-text exports philippines "$13.4 billion (f.o.b., 1994)" );; line 89507 (wfb::source-text exports philippines commodities "electronics, textiles, coconut products, copper, fish" );; line 89509 (wfb::source-text exports philippines partners "US 39%, Japan 16%, Germany 5%, Hong Kong 5%, UK 4% (1993)" );; line 89511 (wfb::source-text imports philippines "$21.3 billion (f.o.b., 1994)" );; line 89515 (wfb::source-text imports philippines commodities "raw materials 40%, capital goods 25%, petroleum products 10%" );; line 89517 (wfb::source-text imports philippines partners "Japan 23%, US 20%, Taiwan 6%, Singapore 5%, South Korea 5% (1993)" );; line 89519 (wfb::source-text external_debt philippines "$40 billion (1994 est.)" );; line 89523 (wfb::source-text industrial_production philippines "growth rate 1.4% (1993); accounts for 28% of GDP" );; line 89527 (wfb::source-text electricity philippines capacity "6,770,000 kW" );; line 89532 (wfb::source-text electricity philippines production "20.4 billion kWh" );; line 89534 (wfb::source-text electricity philippines consumption_per_capita "278 kWh (1993)" );; line 89536 (wfb::source-text industry philippines "textiles, pharmaceuticals, chemicals, wood products, food processing, electronics assembly, petroleum refining, fishing" );; line 89540 (wfb::source-text agriculture philippines "accounts for 22% of GDP and about 45% of labor force; major crops - rice, coconuts, corn, sugarcane, bananas, pineapples, mangos; animal products - pork, eggs, beef; net exporter of farm products; fish catch of 2 million metric tons annually" );; line 89545 (wfb::source-text illicit_drugs philippines "illicit producer of cannabis for the international drug trade; growers are producing more and better quality cannabis despite government eradication efforts; transit point for Southwest Asian heroin bound for the US" );; line 89552 (wfb::source-text economic_aid philippines recipient "US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-89), $3.6 billion; Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-88), $7.9 billion; OPEC bilateral aid (1979-89), $5 million; Communist countries (1975-89), $123 million" );; line 89559 (wfb::source-text currency philippines "1 Philippine peso (P) = 100 centavos" );; line 89566 (wfb::source-text exchange_rates philippines "Philippine pesos (P) per US$1 - 24.622 (January 1995), 26.417 (1994), 22.120 (1993), 25.512 (1992), 27.479 (1991), 24.311 (1990)" );; line 89570 (wfb::source-text fiscal_year philippines "calendar year" );; line 89575 (wfb::source-text railroads philippines total "800 km (est.); note - including about 390 km in Luzon" );; line 89581 (wfb::source-text railroads philippines narrow_gauge "800 km 1.067-m gauge" );; line 89583 (wfb::source-text highways philippines total "160,700 km" );; line 89588 (wfb::source-text highways philippines paved "29,000 km" );; line 89590 (wfb::source-text highways philippines unpaved "131,700 km" );; line 89592 (wfb::source-text inland_waterways philippines "3,219 km; limited to shallow-draft (less than 1.5 m) vessels" );; line 89596 (wfb::source-text pipelines philippines "petroleum products 357 km" );; line 89600 (wfb::source-text port philippines "Batangas, Cagayan de Oro, Cebu, Davao, Guimaras, Iligan, Iloilo, Jolo, Legaspi, Manila, Masao, Puerto Princesa, San Fernando, Subic Bay, Zamboanga" );; line 89604 (wfb::source-text merchant_marine philippines total "552 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 8,748,083 GRT/14,373,730 DWT" );; line 89611 (wfb::source-text merchant_marine philippines ships_by_type "bulk 237, cargo 134, chemical tanker 4, combination bulk 10, combination ore/oil 1, container 10, liquefied gas tanker 6, livestock carrier 9, oil tanker 46, passenger 1, passenger-cargo 11, refrigerated cargo 24, roll-on/roll-off cargo 13, short-sea passenger 17, vehicle carrier 29" );; line 89614 (wfb::source-text airports philippines total "269" );; line 89625 (wfb::source-text airports philippines |with paved runways over 3,047 m| "2" );; line 89627 (wfb::source-text airports philippines |with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m| "7" );; line 89629 (wfb::source-text airports philippines |with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m| "24" );; line 89631 (wfb::source-text airports philippines |with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m| "32" );; line 89633 (wfb::source-text airports philippines with_paved_runways_under_914_m "133" );; line 89635 (wfb::source-text airports philippines |with unpaved runways 1,524 to 2,438 m| "4" );; line 89637 (wfb::source-text airports philippines |with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m| "67" );; line 89639 (wfb::source-text telephone_system philippines "872,900 telephones; good international radio and submarine cable services; domestic and interisland service adequate" );; line 89644 (wfb::source-text telephone_system philippines local "NA" );; line 89647 (wfb::source-text telephone_system philippines intercity "11 domestic satellite links" );; line 89649 (wfb::source-text telephone_system philippines international "submarine cables extended to Hong Kong, Guam, Singapore, Taiwan, and Japan; 3 INTELSAT (1 Indian Ocean and 2 Pacific Ocean) earth stations" );; line 89651 (wfb::source-text radio philippines broadcast_stations "AM 267 (including 6 US), FM 55, shortwave 0" );; line 89657 (wfb::source-text radio philippines radios "NA" );; line 89659 (wfb::source-text television philippines broadcast_stations "33 (including 4 US)" );; line 89664 (wfb::source-text television philippines televisions "NA" );; line 89666 (wfb::source-text defense_branch philippines "Army, Navy (includes Coast Guard and Marine Corps), Air Force" );; line 89672 (wfb::source-text manpower_availability philippines "males age 15-49 18,238,568; males fit for military service 12,876,771; males reach military age (20) annually 752,622 (1995 est.)" );; line 89676 (wfb::source-text defense_expenditures philippines "exchange rate conversion - $731 million, 1.4% of GNP (1992)" );; line 89681 (wfb::source-text location pitcairn_islands "Oceania, islands in the South Pacific Ocean, about one-half of the way from Peru to New Zealand" );; line 89692 (wfb::source-text map_references pitcairn_islands "Oceania" );; line 89697 (wfb::source-text area pitcairn_islands total_area "47 sq km" );; line 89702 (wfb::source-text area pitcairn_islands land_area "47 sq km" );; line 89704 (wfb::source-text area pitcairn_islands comparative_area "about 0.3 times the size of Washington, DC" );; line 89706 (wfb::source-text borders pitcairn_islands "0 km" );; line 89710 (wfb::source-text coastline pitcairn_islands "51 km" );; line 89714 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims pitcairn_islands exclusive_fishing_zone "200 nm" );; line 89719 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims pitcairn_islands territorial_sea "3 nm" );; line 89721 (wfb::source-text international_disputes pitcairn_islands "none" );; line 89725 (wfb::source-text climate pitcairn_islands "tropical, hot, humid, modified by southeast trade winds; rainy season (November to March)" );; line 89729 (wfb::source-text terrain pitcairn_islands "rugged volcanic formation; rocky coastline with cliffs" );; line 89734 (wfb::source-text natural-resource pitcairn_islands "miro trees (used for handicrafts), fish" );; line 89738 (wfb::source-text land_use pitcairn_islands arable_land "NA%" );; line 89743 (wfb::source-text land_use pitcairn_islands permanent_crops "NA%" );; line 89745 (wfb::source-text land_use pitcairn_islands meadows_and_pastures "NA%" );; line 89747 (wfb::source-text land_use pitcairn_islands forest_and_woodland "NA%" );; line 89749 (wfb::source-text land_use pitcairn_islands other "NA%" );; line 89751 (wfb::source-text irrigated_land pitcairn_islands "NA sq km" );; line 89755 (wfb::source-text environment pitcairn_islands current_issues "deforestation (only a small portion of the original forest remains because of burning and clearing for settlement)" );; line 89760 (wfb::source-text environment pitcairn_islands natural_hazards "typhoons (especially November to March)" );; line 89763 (wfb::source-text environment pitcairn_islands international_agreements "NA" );; line 89765 (wfb::source-text population pitcairn_islands "73 (July 1995 est.)" );; line 89771 (wfb::source-text age_structure pitcairn_islands 0-14_years "NA" );; line 89776 (wfb::source-text age_structure pitcairn_islands 15-64_years "NA" );; line 89778 (wfb::source-text age_structure pitcairn_islands 65_years_and_over "NA" );; line 89780 (wfb::source-text population_growth_rate pitcairn_islands "2.8% (1995 est.)" );; line 89784 (wfb::source-text birth_rate pitcairn_islands "NA births/1,000 population" );; line 89788 (wfb::source-text death_rate pitcairn_islands "NA deaths/1,000 population" );; line 89792 (wfb::source-text net_migration_rate pitcairn_islands "NA migrant(s)/1,000 population" );; line 89796 (wfb::source-text infant_mortality_rate pitcairn_islands "NA deaths/1,000 live births" );; line 89800 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth pitcairn_islands total_population "NA years" );; line 89805 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth pitcairn_islands male "NA years" );; line 89807 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth pitcairn_islands female "NA years" );; line 89809 (wfb::source-text total_fertility_rate pitcairn_islands "NA children born/woman" );; line 89813 (wfb::source-text nationality pitcairn_islands noun "Pitcairn Islander(s)" );; line 89818 (wfb::source-text nationality pitcairn_islands adjective "Pitcairn Islander" );; line 89820 (wfb::source-text ethnic-entity pitcairn_islands "descendants of the Bounty mutineers" );; line 89824 (wfb::source-text religion pitcairn_islands "Seventh-Day Adventist 100%" );; line 89828 (wfb::source-text language pitcairn_islands "English (official), Tahitian/English dialect" );; line 89832 (wfb::source-text total_labor_force pitcairn_islands "NA" );; line 89836 (wfb::source-text labor_force_by_occupation pitcairn_islands by_occupation "no business community in the usual sense; some public works; subsistence farming and fishing" );; line 89838 (wfb::source-text names pitcairn_islands conventional_long_form "Pitcairn, Henderson, Ducie, and Oeno Islands" );; line 89845 (wfb::source-text names pitcairn_islands conventional_short_form "Pitcairn Islands" );; line 89847 (wfb::source-text digraph pitcairn_islands "PC" );; line 89851 (wfb::source-text type pitcairn_islands "dependent territory of the UK" );; line 89855 (wfb::source-text capital pitcairn_islands "Adamstown" );; line 89859 (wfb::source-text administrative_divisions pitcairn_islands "none (dependent territory of the UK)" );; line 89863 (wfb::source-text independence pitcairn_islands "none (dependent territory of the UK)" );; line 89867 (wfb::source-text national_holiday pitcairn_islands "Celebration of the Birthday of the Queen (second Saturday in June)" );; line 89871 (wfb::source-text constitution pitcairn_islands "Local Government Ordinance of 1964" );; line 89876 (wfb::source-text legal_system pitcairn_islands "local island by-laws" );; line 89880 (wfb::source-text suffrage pitcairn_islands "18 years of age; universal with three years residency" );; line 89884 (wfb::source-text executive_branch pitcairn_islands chief_of_state "Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952), represented by UK High Commissioner to New Zealand and Governor (non-resident) of the Pitcairn Islands Robert John ALSTON (since NA); Commissioner (non-resident) G.D. HARRAWAY (since NA; is the liaison person between the governor and the Island Council)" );; line 89889 (wfb::source-text executive_branch pitcairn_islands head_of_government "Island Magistrate and Chairman of the Island Council Jay WARREN (since NA)" );; line 89895 (wfb::source-text legislative_structure pitcairn_islands "unicameral" );; line 89900 (wfb::source-text legislative_branch pitcairn_islands island_council "elections take place each December; last held NA December 1994 (next to be held NA December 1995); results - percent of vote NA; seats - (11 total, 5 elected) all independents" );; line 89902 (wfb::source-text judicial_branch pitcairn_islands "Island Court" );; line 89908 (wfb::source-text political_parties_and_leaders pitcairn_islands "none" );; line 89912 (wfb::source-text other_political_or_pressure_groups pitcairn_islands "NA" );; line 89916 (wfb::source-text member_of pitcairn_islands "SPC" );; line 89920 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us pitcairn_islands "none (dependent territory of the UK)" );; line 89924 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation pitcairn_islands "none (dependent territory of the UK)" );; line 89928 (wfb::source-text flag pitcairn_islands "blue with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side quadrant and the Pitcairn Islander coat of arms centered on the outer half of the flag; the coat of arms is yellow, green, and light blue with a shield featuring a yellow anchor" );; line 89932 (wfb::source-text overview pitcairn_islands "The inhabitants exist on fishing and subsistence farming. The fertile soil of the valleys produces a wide variety of fruits and vegetables, including citrus, sugarcane, watermelons, bananas, yams, and beans. Bartering is an important part of the economy. The major sources of revenue are the sale of postage stamps to collectors and the sale of handicrafts to passing ships." );; line 89940 (wfb::source-text national_product pitcairn_islands "GDP $NA" );; line 89949 (wfb::source-text national_product_real_growth_rate pitcairn_islands "NA%" );; line 89953 (wfb::source-text national_product_per_capita pitcairn_islands "$NA" );; line 89957 (wfb::source-text |Inflation rate (consumer prices)| pitcairn_islands "NA%" );; line 89961 (wfb::source-text unemployment_rate pitcairn_islands "NA%" );; line 89965 (wfb::source-text budget pitcairn_islands revenues "$430,000" );; line 89970 (wfb::source-text budget pitcairn_islands expenditures "$429,000, including capital expenditures of $NA (1987 est.)" );; line 89972 (wfb::source-text exports pitcairn_islands "$NA" );; line 89976 (wfb::source-text exports pitcairn_islands commodities "fruits, vegetables, curios" );; line 89978 (wfb::source-text exports pitcairn_islands partners "NA" );; line 89980 (wfb::source-text imports pitcairn_islands "$NA" );; line 89984 (wfb::source-text imports pitcairn_islands commodities "fuel oil, machinery, building materials, flour, sugar, other foodstuffs" );; line 89986 (wfb::source-text imports pitcairn_islands partners "NA" );; line 89989 (wfb::source-text external_debt pitcairn_islands "$NA" );; line 89993 (wfb::source-text industrial_production pitcairn_islands "growth rate NA%" );; line 89997 (wfb::source-text electricity pitcairn_islands capacity "110 kW" );; line 90002 (wfb::source-text electricity pitcairn_islands production "300,000 kWh" );; line 90004 (wfb::source-text electricity pitcairn_islands consumption_per_capita "5,360 kWh (1990)" );; line 90006 (wfb::source-text industry pitcairn_islands "postage stamps, handicrafts" );; line 90010 (wfb::source-text agriculture pitcairn_islands "based on subsistence fishing and farming; wide variety of fruits and vegetables; must import grain products" );; line 90014 (wfb::source-text economic_aid pitcairn_islands recipient "ODA bilateral commitments (1992-93), $84,000" );; line 90020 (wfb::source-text currency pitcairn_islands "1 New Zealand dollar (NZ$) = 100 cents" );; line 90024 (wfb::source-text exchange_rates pitcairn_islands "New Zealand dollars (NZ$) per US$1 - 1.5601 (January 1995), 1.6844 (1994), 1.8495 (1993), 1.8584 (1992), 1.7265 (1991), 1.6750 (1990)" );; line 90028 (wfb::source-text fiscal_year pitcairn_islands "1 April - 31 March" );; line 90033 (wfb::source-text railroads pitcairn_islands "0 km" );; line 90038 (wfb::source-text highways pitcairn_islands total "6.4 km" );; line 90043 (wfb::source-text highways pitcairn_islands unpaved "earth 6.4 km" );; line 90045 (wfb::source-text port pitcairn_islands "Bounty Bay" );; line 90049 (wfb::source-text merchant_marine pitcairn_islands "none" );; line 90053 (wfb::source-text airports pitcairn_islands "none" );; line 90057 (wfb::source-text telephone_system pitcairn_islands "24 telephones; party line telephone service on the island" );; line 90062 (wfb::source-text telephone_system pitcairn_islands local "NA" );; line 90064 (wfb::source-text telephone_system pitcairn_islands intercity "NA" );; line 90066 (wfb::source-text telephone_system pitcairn_islands international "NA" );; line 90068 (wfb::source-text radio pitcairn_islands broadcast_stations "AM 1, FM 0, shortwave 0" );; line 90073 (wfb::source-text radio pitcairn_islands radios "NA" );; line 90075 (wfb::source-text television pitcairn_islands broadcast_stations "0" );; line 90080 (wfb::source-text television pitcairn_islands televisions "NA" );; line 90082 (wfb::source-text note pitcairn_islands "defense is the responsibility of the UK" );; line 90088 (wfb::source-text location poland "Central Europe, east of Germany" );; line 90098 (wfb::source-text map_references poland "Ethnic Groups in Eastern Europe, Europe" );; line 90102 (wfb::source-text area poland total_area "312,680 sq km" );; line 90107 (wfb::source-text area poland land_area "304,510 sq km" );; line 90109 (wfb::source-text area poland comparative_area "slightly smaller than New Mexico" );; line 90111 (wfb::source-text borders poland "total 3,114 km, Belarus 605 km, Czech Republic 658 km, Germany 456 km, Lithuania 91 km, Russia (Kaliningrad Oblast) 432 km, Slovakia 444 km, Ukraine 428 km" );; line 90115 (wfb::source-text coastline poland "491 km" );; line 90121 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims poland exclusive_economic_zone "defined by international treaties" );; line 90126 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims poland territorial_sea "12 nm" );; line 90128 (wfb::source-text international_disputes poland "none" );; line 90132 (wfb::source-text climate poland "temperate with cold, cloudy, moderately severe winters with frequent precipitation; mild summers with frequent showers and thundershowers" );; line 90136 (wfb::source-text terrain poland "mostly flat plain; mountains along southern border" );; line 90141 (wfb::source-text natural-resource poland "coal, sulfur, copper, natural gas, silver, lead, salt" );; line 90145 (wfb::source-text land_use poland arable_land "46%" );; line 90150 (wfb::source-text land_use poland permanent_crops "1%" );; line 90152 (wfb::source-text land_use poland meadows_and_pastures "13%" );; line 90154 (wfb::source-text land_use poland forest_and_woodland "28%" );; line 90156 (wfb::source-text land_use poland other "12%" );; line 90158 (wfb::source-text irrigated_land poland "1,000 sq km (1989 est.)" );; line 90162 (wfb::source-text environment poland current_issues "forest damage due to air pollution and resulting acid rain; improper means for disposal of large amounts of hazardous and industrial waste; severe water pollution from industrial and municipal sources; severe air pollution results from emissions of sulfur dioxide from coal-fired power plants, which also drifts into Germany and the Netherlands" );; line 90167 (wfb::source-text environment poland natural_hazards "NA" );; line 90173 (wfb::source-text environment poland international_agreements "party to - Air Pollution, Antarctic Treaty, Climate Change, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Marine Dumping, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands; signed, but not ratified - Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Sulphur 94, Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Biodiversity, Law of the Sea" );; line 90175 (wfb::source-text note poland "historically, an area of conflict because of flat terrain and the lack of natural barriers on the North European Plain" );; line 90183 (wfb::source-text population poland "38,792,442 (July 1995 est.)" );; line 90190 (wfb::source-text age_structure poland 0-14_years "23% (female 4,349,467; male 4,559,536)" );; line 90195 (wfb::source-text age_structure poland 15-64_years "66% (female 12,849,300; male 12,698,179)" );; line 90197 (wfb::source-text age_structure poland 65_years_and_over "11% (female 2,693,407; male 1,642,553) (July 1995 est.)" );; line 90199 (wfb::source-text population_growth_rate poland "0.36% (1995 est.)" );; line 90203 (wfb::source-text birth_rate poland "13.34 births/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 90207 (wfb::source-text death_rate poland "9.23 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 90211 (wfb::source-text net_migration_rate poland "-0.52 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 90215 (wfb::source-text infant_mortality_rate poland "12.4 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.)" );; line 90219 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth poland total_population "73.13 years" );; line 90224 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth poland male "69.15 years" );; line 90226 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth poland female "77.33 years (1995 est.)" );; line 90228 (wfb::source-text total_fertility_rate poland "1.92 children born/woman (1995 est.)" );; line 90232 (wfb::source-text nationality poland noun "Pole(s)" );; line 90237 (wfb::source-text nationality poland adjective "Polish" );; line 90239 (wfb::source-text ethnic-entity poland "Polish 97.6%, German 1.3%, Ukrainian 0.6%, Byelorussian 0.5% (1990 est.)" );; line 90243 (wfb::source-text religion poland "Roman Catholic 95% (about 75% practicing), Eastern Orthodox, Protestant, and other 5%" );; line 90248 (wfb::source-text language poland "Polish" );; line 90253 (wfb::source-text literacy poland "age 15 and over can read and write (1978)" );; line 90257 (wfb::source-text literacy poland total_population "99%" );; line 90259 (wfb::source-text literacy poland male "99%" );; line 90261 (wfb::source-text literacy poland female "98%" );; line 90263 (wfb::source-text total_labor_force poland "17.321 million (1993 annual average)" );; line 90267 (wfb::source-text labor_force_by_occupation poland by_occupation "industry and construction 32.0%, agriculture 27.6%, trade, transport, and communications 14.7%, government and other 25.7% (1992)" );; line 90269 (wfb::source-text names poland conventional_long_form "Republic of Poland" );; line 90276 (wfb::source-text names poland conventional_short_form "Poland" );; line 90278 (wfb::source-text names poland local_long_form "Rzeczpospolita Polska" );; line 90280 (wfb::source-text names poland local_short_form "Polska" );; line 90282 (wfb::source-text digraph poland "PL" );; line 90286 (wfb::source-text type poland "democratic state" );; line 90290 (wfb::source-text capital poland "Warsaw" );; line 90294 (wfb::source-text administrative_divisions poland "49 provinces (wojewodztwa, singular - wojewodztwo); Biala Podlaska, Bialystok, Bielsko Biala, Bydgoszcz, Chelm, Ciechanow, Czestochowa, Elblag, Gdansk, Gorzow, Jelenia Gora, Kalisz, Katowice, Kielce, Konin, Koszalin, Krakow, Krosno, Legnica, Leszno, Lodz, Lomza, Lublin, Nowy Sacz, Olsztyn, Opole, Ostroleka, Pila, Piotrkow, Plock, Poznan, Przemysl, Radom, Rzeszow, Siedlce, Sieradz, Skierniewice, Slupsk, Suwalki, Szczecin, Tarnobrzeg, Tarnow, Torun, Walbrzych, Warszawa, Wloclawek, Wroclaw, Zamosc, Zielona Gora" );; line 90298 (wfb::source-text independence poland "11 November 1918 (independent republic proclaimed)" );; line 90308 (wfb::source-text national_holiday poland "Constitution Day, 3 May (1791)" );; line 90312 (wfb::source-text constitution poland "interim \"small constitution\" came into effect in December 1992 replacing the Communist-imposed constitution of 22 July 1952; new democratic constitution being drafted" );; line 90316 (wfb::source-text legal_system poland "mixture of Continental (Napoleonic) civil law and holdover Communist legal theory; changes being gradually introduced as part of broader democratization process; limited judicial review of legislative acts; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction" );; line 90322 (wfb::source-text suffrage poland "18 years of age; universal" );; line 90329 (wfb::source-text executive_branch poland chief_of_state "President Lech WALESA (since 22 December 1990); election first round held 25 November 1990, second round held 9 December 1990 (next to be held NA November 1995); results - second round Lech WALESA 74.7%, Stanislaw TYMINSKI 25.3%" );; line 90334 (wfb::source-text executive_branch poland head_of_government "Prime Minister Jozef OLEKSY (since 6 March 1995); Deputy Prime Ministers Roman JAGIELINSKI, Grzegorz KOLODKO, and Aleksander LUCZAK (since NA)" );; line 90339 (wfb::source-text executive_branch poland cabinet "Council of Ministers; responsible to the president and the Sejm" );; line 90342 (wfb::source-text legislative_structure poland "bicameral National Assembly (Zgromadzenie Narodowe)" );; line 90346 (wfb::source-text legislative_branch poland |Senate (Senat)| "elections last held 19 September 1993 (next to be held no later than NA October 1997); seats - (100 total)" );; line 90348 (wfb::source-text legislative_branch poland |Senate (Senat)| "Communist origin or linked (PSL 34, SLD 37), post-Solidarity parties (UW 6, NSZZ 12, BBWR 2), non-Communist, non-Solidarity (independents 7, unaffiliated 1, vacant 1)" );; line 90350 (wfb::source-text legislative_branch poland |Diet (Sejm)| "elections last held 19 September 1993 (next to be held no later than NA October 1997); seats - (460 total)" );; line 90354 (wfb::source-text legislative_branch poland |Diet (Sejm)| "Communist origin or linked (SLD 171, PSL 132), post-Solidarity parties (UW 74, UP 41, BBWR 16), non-Communist, non-Solidarity (KPN 22)" );; line 90356 (wfb::source-text judicial_branch poland "Supreme Court" );; line 90363 (wfb::source-text political_parties_and_leaders poland post-solidarity_parties "Freedom Union (UW; Democratic Union and Liberal Democratic Congress merged to form Freedom Union), Leszek BALCEROWICZ; Christian-National Union (ZCHN), Ryszard CZARNECKI; Centrum (PC), Jaroslaw KACZYNSKI; Peasant Alliance (PL), Gabriel JANOWSKI; Solidarity Trade Union (NSZZ), Marian KRZAKLEWSKI; Union of Labor (UP), Ryszard BUGAJ; Christian-Democratic Party (PCHD), Pawel LACZKOWSKI; Conservative Party, Alexander HALL; Nonparty Bloc for the Support of the Reforms (BBWR)" );; line 90368 (wfb::source-text political_parties_and_leaders poland |non-Communist, non-Solidarity| "Confederation for an Independent Poland (KPN), Leszek MOCZULSKI; Polish Economic Program (PPG), Janusz REWINSKI; Christian Democrats (CHD), Andrzej OWSINSKI; German Minority (MN), Henryk KROL; Union of Real Politics (UPR), Janusz KORWIN-MIKKE; Democratic Party (SD), Antoni MACKIEWICZ" );; line 90376 (wfb::source-text political_parties_and_leaders poland communist_origin "Polish Peasant Party (PSL), Waldemar PAWLAK; Democratic Left Alliance (SLD), Aleksander KWASNIEWSKI" );; line 90381 (wfb::source-text other_political_or_pressure_groups poland "powerful Roman Catholic Church; Solidarity (trade union); All Poland Trade Union Alliance (OPZZ), populist program" );; line 90386 (wfb::source-text member_of poland "Australia Group, BIS, BSEC (observer), CBSS, CCC, CE, CEI, CERN, EBRD, ECE, FAO, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, INMARSAT, INTELSAT (nonsignatory user), INTERPOL, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, MINURSO, NACC, NAM (guest), NSG, OAS (observer), OSCE, PCA, PFP, UN, UNAMIR, UNCTAD, UNDOF, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNIFIL, UNIKOM, UNOMIG, UNPROFOR, UPU, WCL, WEU (associate partner), WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC" );; line 90391 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us poland chief_of_mission "Ambassador Jerzy KOZMINSKI" );; line 90401 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us poland chancery "2640 16th Street NW, Washington, DC 20009" );; line 90403 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us poland telephone "[1] (202) 234-3800 through 3802" );; line 90405 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us poland fax "[1] (202) 328-6271" );; line 90407 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us poland |consulate(s) general| "Chicago, Los Angeles, and New York" );; line 90409 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation poland chief_of_mission "Ambassador Nicholas Andrew REY" );; line 90414 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation poland embassy "Aleje Ujazdowskie 29/31, Warsaw" );; line 90416 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation poland mailing_address "American Embassy Warsaw, Box 5010, Unit 1340, APO AE 09213-1340" );; line 90418 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation poland telephone "[48] (2) 628-30-41" );; line 90420 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation poland fax "[48] (2) 628-82-98" );; line 90422 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation poland |consulate(s) general| "Krakow, Poznan" );; line 90424 (wfb::source-text flag poland "two equal horizontal bands of white (top) and red; similar to the flags of Indonesia and Monaco which are red (top) and white" );; line 90428 (wfb::source-text overview poland "Poland continues to make good progress in the difficult transition to a market economy that began on 1 January 1990, when the new democratic government instituted \"shock therapy\" by decontrolling prices, slashing subsidies, and drastically reducing import barriers. Real GDP fell sharply in 1990 and 1991, but in 1992 Poland became the first country in the region to resume economic growth with a 2.6% increase. Growth increased to 3.8% in 1993 and 5.5% in 1994 - the highest rate in Europe except for Albania. All of the growth since 1991 has come from the booming private sector, which now accounts for at least 55% of GDP, even though privatization of the state-owned enterprises is proceeding slowly and most industry remains in state hands. Industrial production increased 12% in 1994 - led by 50% jumps in the output of motor vehicles, radios and televisions, and pulp and paper - and is now well above the 1990 level. Inflation, which had approached 1,200% annually in early 1990, was down to about 30% in 1994, as the government held the budget deficit to 1.5% of GDP. After five years of steady increases, unemployment has leveled off at about 16% nationwide, although it approaches 30% in some regions. The trade deficit was sharply reduced in 1994, due mainly to increased exports to Western Europe, Poland's main customer. The leftist government elected in September 1993 gets generally good marks from foreign observers for its management of the budget but is often criticized for not moving faster on privatization." );; line 90434 (wfb::source-text national_product poland "GDP - purchasing power parity - $191.1 billion (1994 est.)" );; line 90458 (wfb::source-text national_product_real_growth_rate poland "5.5% (1994 est.)" );; line 90462 (wfb::source-text national_product_per_capita poland "$4,920 (1994 est.)" );; line 90466 (wfb::source-text |Inflation rate (consumer prices)| poland "30% (1994)" );; line 90470 (wfb::source-text unemployment_rate poland "16.1% (November 1994)" );; line 90474 (wfb::source-text budget poland revenues "$27.1 billion" );; line 90479 (wfb::source-text budget poland expenditures "$30 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA (1994 est.)" );; line 90481 (wfb::source-text exports poland "$16.3 billion (f.o.b., 1994 est.)" );; line 90485 (wfb::source-text exports poland commodities "intermediate goods 26.5%, machinery and transport equipment 18.1%, miscellaneous manufactures 16.7%, foodstuffs 9.4%, fuels 8.4% (1993)" );; line 90487 (wfb::source-text exports poland partners "Germany 33.4%, Russia 10.2%, Italy 5.3%, UK 4.3% (1993)" );; line 90490 (wfb::source-text imports poland "$18.1 billion (f.o.b., 1994 est.)" );; line 90494 (wfb::source-text imports poland commodities "machinery and transport equipment 29.6%, intermediate goods 18.5%, chemicals 13.3%, fuels 12.5%, miscellaneous manufactures 10.1%" );; line 90496 (wfb::source-text imports poland partners "Germany 35.8%, Italy 9.2%, Russia 8.5%, UK 6.6% (1993)" );; line 90499 (wfb::source-text external_debt poland "$47 billion (1993); note - Poland's Western government creditors promised in 1991 to forgive 30% of Warsaw's $35 billion official debt immediately and to forgive another 20% in 1994; foreign banks agreed in early 1994 to forgive 45% of their $12 billion debt claim" );; line 90503 (wfb::source-text industrial_production poland "growth rate 12% (1994 est.)" );; line 90510 (wfb::source-text electricity poland capacity "31,120,000 kW" );; line 90515 (wfb::source-text electricity poland production "124 billion kWh" );; line 90517 (wfb::source-text electricity poland consumption_per_capita "2,908 kWh (1993)" );; line 90519 (wfb::source-text industry poland "machine building, iron and steel, extractive industries, chemicals, shipbuilding, food processing, glass, beverages, textiles" );; line 90523 (wfb::source-text agriculture poland "accounts for 7% of GDP; 75% of output from private farms, 25% from state farms; productivity remains low by European standards; leading European producer of rye, rapeseed, and potatoes; wide variety of other crops and livestock; major exporter of pork products; normally self-sufficient in food" );; line 90528 (wfb::source-text illicit_drugs poland "illicit producer of opium for domestic consumption and amphetamines for the international market; transshipment point for Asian and Latin American illicit drugs to Western Europe; producer of precursor chemicals" );; line 90536 (wfb::source-text economic_aid poland donor "bilateral aid to non-Communist less developed countries (1954-89), $2.2 billion" );; line 90543 (wfb::source-text economic_aid poland recipient "Western governments and institutions have pledged $8 billion in grants and loans since 1989, but most of the money has not been disbursed" );; line 90546 (wfb::source-text currency poland "1 zloty (Zl) = 100 groszy" );; line 90551 (wfb::source-text exchange_rates poland "zlotych (Zl) per US$1 - 2.45 (January 1995; a currency reform on 1 January 1995 replaced 10,000 old zlotys with 1 new zloty), 22,723 (1994), 18,115 (1993), 13,626 (1992), 10,576 (1991), 9,500 (1990)" );; line 90555 (wfb::source-text fiscal_year poland "calendar year" );; line 90561 (wfb::source-text railroads poland total "25,528 km" );; line 90567 (wfb::source-text railroads poland broad_gauge "659 km 1.520-m gauge" );; line 90569 (wfb::source-text railroads poland standard_gauge "23,014 km 1.435-m gauge (11,496 km electrified; 8,978 km double track)" );; line 90571 (wfb::source-text railroads poland narrow_gauge "1,855 km various gauges including 1.000-m, 0.785-m, 0.750-m, and 0.600-m (1994)" );; line 90574 (wfb::source-text highways poland total "367,000 km (excluding farm, factory and forest roads)" );; line 90580 (wfb::source-text highways poland paved "235,247 km (257 km of which are limited access expressways)" );; line 90582 (wfb::source-text highways poland unpaved "131,753 km (1992)" );; line 90584 (wfb::source-text inland_waterways poland "3,997 km navigable rivers and canals (1991)" );; line 90588 (wfb::source-text pipelines poland "crude oil 1,986 km; petroleum products 360 km; natural gas 4,600 km (1992)" );; line 90592 (wfb::source-text port poland "Gdansk, Gdynia, Gliwice, Kolobrzeg, Szczecin, Swinoujscie, Ustka, Warsaw, Wrocaw" );; line 90597 (wfb::source-text merchant_marine poland total "152 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 2,186,405 GRT/3,270,914 DWT" );; line 90603 (wfb::source-text merchant_marine poland ships_by_type "bulk 89, cargo 38, chemical tanker 4, container 7, oil tanker 1, passenger 1, roll-on/roll-off cargo 8, short-sea passenger 4" );; line 90606 (wfb::source-text airports poland total "134" );; line 90616 (wfb::source-text airports poland |with paved runways over 3,047 m| "2" );; line 90618 (wfb::source-text airports poland |with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m| "30" );; line 90620 (wfb::source-text airports poland |with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m| "27" );; line 90622 (wfb::source-text airports poland |with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m| "3" );; line 90624 (wfb::source-text airports poland with_paved_runways_under_914_m "7" );; line 90626 (wfb::source-text airports poland |with unpaved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m| "5" );; line 90628 (wfb::source-text airports poland |with unpaved runways 1,524 to 2,438 m| "10" );; line 90630 (wfb::source-text airports poland |with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m| "32" );; line 90632 (wfb::source-text airports poland with_unpaved_runways_under_914_m "18" );; line 90634 (wfb::source-text telephone_system poland "4.9 million telephones; 12.7 phones/100 residents (1994); severely underdeveloped and outmoded system; exchanges are 86% automatic (1991)" );; line 90639 (wfb::source-text telephone_system poland local "NA" );; line 90642 (wfb::source-text telephone_system poland intercity "cable, open wire, and microwave" );; line 90644 (wfb::source-text telephone_system poland international "INTELSAT, EUTELSAT, INMARSAT, and Intersputnik earth stations" );; line 90646 (wfb::source-text radio poland broadcast_stations "AM 27, FM 27, shortwave 0" );; line 90651 (wfb::source-text radio poland radios "NA" );; line 90653 (wfb::source-text television poland broadcast_stations "40 (Russian repeaters 5)" );; line 90658 (wfb::source-text television poland televisions "9.6 million" );; line 90660 (wfb::source-text defense_branch poland "Army, Navy, Air and Air Defense Force" );; line 90666 (wfb::source-text manpower_availability poland "males age 15-49 10,181,069; males fit for military service 7,940,634; males reach military age (19) annually 323,133 (1995 est.)" );; line 90670 (wfb::source-text defense_expenditures poland "50.7 billion zlotych, NA% of GNP (1994 est.); note - conversion of defense expenditures into US dollars using the current exchange rate could produce misleading results" );; line 90675 (wfb::source-text location portugal "Southwestern Europe, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean, west of Spain" );; line 90687 (wfb::source-text map_references portugal "Europe" );; line 90692 (wfb::source-text area portugal total_area "92,080 sq km" );; line 90697 (wfb::source-text area portugal land_area "91,640 sq km" );; line 90699 (wfb::source-text area portugal comparative_area "slightly smaller than Indiana" );; line 90701 (wfb::source-text borders portugal "total 1,214 km, Spain 1,214 km" );; line 90707 (wfb::source-text coastline portugal "1,793 km" );; line 90711 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims portugal continental_shelf "200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation" );; line 90716 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims portugal exclusive_economic_zone "200 nm" );; line 90718 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims portugal territorial_sea "12 nm" );; line 90720 (wfb::source-text international_disputes portugal "sovereignty over Timor Timur (East Timor Province) disputed with Indonesia" );; line 90724 (wfb::source-text climate portugal "maritime temperate; cool and rainy in north, warmer and drier in south" );; line 90729 (wfb::source-text terrain portugal "mountainous north of the Tagus, rolling plains in south" );; line 90734 (wfb::source-text natural-resource portugal "fish, forests (cork), tungsten, iron ore, uranium ore, marble" );; line 90738 (wfb::source-text land_use portugal arable_land "32%" );; line 90743 (wfb::source-text land_use portugal permanent_crops "6%" );; line 90745 (wfb::source-text land_use portugal meadows_and_pastures "6%" );; line 90747 (wfb::source-text land_use portugal forest_and_woodland "40%" );; line 90749 (wfb::source-text land_use portugal other "16%" );; line 90751 (wfb::source-text irrigated_land portugal "6,340 sq km (1989 est.)" );; line 90755 (wfb::source-text environment portugal current_issues "soil erosion; air pollution caused by industrial and vehicle emissions; water pollution, especially in coastal areas" );; line 90760 (wfb::source-text environment portugal natural_hazards "Azores subject to severe earthquakes" );; line 90763 (wfb::source-text environment portugal international_agreements "party to - Air Pollution, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Wetlands; signed, but not ratified - Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Desertification, Environmental Modification, Law of the Sea, Nuclear Test Ban" );; line 90765 (wfb::source-text note portugal "Azores and Madeira Islands occupy strategic locations along western sea approaches to Strait of Gibraltar" );; line 90773 (wfb::source-text population portugal "10,562,388 (July 1995 est.)" );; line 90780 (wfb::source-text age_structure portugal 0-14_years "18% (female 943,412; male 1,000,971)" );; line 90785 (wfb::source-text age_structure portugal 15-64_years "68% (female 3,625,086; male 3,499,176)" );; line 90787 (wfb::source-text age_structure portugal 65_years_and_over "14% (female 889,142; male 604,601) (July 1995 est.)" );; line 90789 (wfb::source-text population_growth_rate portugal "0.36% (1995 est.)" );; line 90793 (wfb::source-text birth_rate portugal "11.72 births/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 90797 (wfb::source-text death_rate portugal "9.65 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 90801 (wfb::source-text net_migration_rate portugal "1.55 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 90805 (wfb::source-text infant_mortality_rate portugal "9.1 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.)" );; line 90809 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth portugal total_population "75.53 years" );; line 90814 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth portugal male "72.11 years" );; line 90816 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth portugal female "79.16 years (1995 est.)" );; line 90818 (wfb::source-text total_fertility_rate portugal "1.47 children born/woman (1995 est.)" );; line 90822 (wfb::source-text nationality portugal noun "Portuguese (singular and plural)" );; line 90827 (wfb::source-text nationality portugal adjective "Portuguese" );; line 90829 (wfb::source-text ethnic-entity portugal "homogeneous Mediterranean stock in mainland, Azores, Madeira Islands; citizens of black African descent who immigrated to mainland during decolonization number less than 100,000" );; line 90833 (wfb::source-text religion portugal "Roman Catholic 97%, Protestant denominations 1%, other 2%" );; line 90839 (wfb::source-text language portugal "Portuguese" );; line 90843 (wfb::source-text literacy portugal "age 15 and over can read and write (1990)" );; line 90847 (wfb::source-text literacy portugal total_population "85%" );; line 90849 (wfb::source-text literacy portugal male "89%" );; line 90851 (wfb::source-text literacy portugal female "82%" );; line 90853 (wfb::source-text total_labor_force portugal "4.24 million (1994 est.)" );; line 90857 (wfb::source-text labor_force_by_occupation portugal by_occupation "services 54.5%, manufacturing 24.4%, agriculture, forestry, fisheries 11.2%, construction 8.3%, utilites 1.0%, mining 0.5% (1992)" );; line 90859 (wfb::source-text names portugal conventional_long_form "Portuguese Republic" );; line 90866 (wfb::source-text names portugal conventional_short_form "Portugal" );; line 90868 (wfb::source-text names portugal local_long_form "Republica Portuguesa" );; line 90870 (wfb::source-text names portugal local_short_form "Portugal" );; line 90872 (wfb::source-text digraph portugal "PO" );; line 90876 (wfb::source-text type portugal "republic" );; line 90880 (wfb::source-text capital portugal "Lisbon" );; line 90884 (wfb::source-text administrative_divisions portugal "18 districts (distritos, singular - distrito) and 2 autonomous regions* (regioes autonomas, singular - regiao autonoma); Aveiro, Acores (Azores)*, Beja, Braga, Braganca, Castelo Branco, Coimbra, Evora, Faro, Guarda, Leiria, Lisboa, Madeira*, Portalegre, Porto, Santarem, Setubal, Viana do Castelo, Vila Real, Viseu" );; line 90888 (wfb::source-text dependent_areas portugal "Macau (scheduled to become a Special Administrative Region of China on 20 December 1999)" );; line 90896 (wfb::source-text independence portugal "1140 (independent republic proclaimed 5 October 1910)" );; line 90901 (wfb::source-text national_holiday portugal "Day of Portugal, 10 June (1580)" );; line 90905 (wfb::source-text constitution portugal "25 April 1976, revised 30 October 1982 and 1 June 1989" );; line 90909 (wfb::source-text legal_system portugal "civil law system; the Constitutional Tribunal reviews the constitutionality of legislation; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations" );; line 90913 (wfb::source-text suffrage portugal "18 years of age; universal" );; line 90918 (wfb::source-text executive_branch portugal chief_of_state "President Dr. Mario Alberto Nobre Lopes SOARES (since 9 March 1986); election last held 13 February 1991 (next to be held NA February 1996); results - Dr. Mario Lopes SOARES 70%, Basilio HORTA 14%, Carlos CARVALHAS 13%, Carlos MARQUES 3%; note - SOARES is finishing his second term and by law cannot run for a third consecutive term" );; line 90923 (wfb::source-text executive_branch portugal head_of_government "Prime Minister Anibal CAVACO SILVA (since 6 November 1985); note - will be replaced in the October 1995 elections" );; line 90929 (wfb::source-text executive_branch portugal council_of_state "acts as a consultative body to the president" );; line 90932 (wfb::source-text executive_branch portugal cabinet "Council of Ministers; appointed by the president on recommendation of the prime minister" );; line 90934 (wfb::source-text legislative_structure portugal "unicameral" );; line 90939 (wfb::source-text legislative_branch portugal |Assembly of the Republic (Assembleia da Republica)| "elections last held 6 October 1991 (next to be held NA October 1995); results - PSD 50.4%, PS 29.3%, CDU 8.8%, CDS 4.4%, PSN 1.7%, PRD 0.6%, other 4.8%; seats - (230 total) PSD 136, PS 71, CDU 17, CDS 5, PSN 1" );; line 90941 (wfb::source-text judicial_branch portugal "Supreme Tribunal of Justice (Supremo Tribunal de Justica)" );; line 90947 (wfb::source-text political_parties_and_leaders portugal "Social Democratic Party (PSD), Fernando NOGUEIRA; Portuguese Socialist Party (PS), Antonio GUTERRES; Party of Democratic Renewal (PRD), Pedro CANAVARRO; Portuguese Communist Party (PCP), Carlos CARVALHAS; Social Democratic Center (CDS), Manuel MONTEIRO; National Solidarity Party (PSN), Manuel SERGIO; Center Democratic Party (CDS); United Democratic Coalition (CDU; Communists)" );; line 90951 (wfb::source-text member_of portugal "AfDB, Australia Group, BIS, CCC, CE, CERN, EBRD, EC, ECE, ECLAC, EIB, FAO, GATT, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, INMARSAT, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, LAIA (observer), MTCR, NACC, NAM (guest), NATO, NEA, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OSCE, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNOMOZ, UNPROFOR, UPU, WCL, WEU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC" );; line 90959 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us portugal chief_of_mission "Ambassador Francisco Jose Laco Treichler KNOPFLI" );; line 90969 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us portugal chancery "2125 Kalorama Road NW, Washington, DC 20008" );; line 90971 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us portugal telephone "[1] (202) 328-8610" );; line 90973 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us portugal fax "[1] (202) 462-3726" );; line 90975 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us portugal |consulate(s) general| "Boston, New York, Newark (New Jersey), and San Francisco" );; line 90977 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us portugal |consulate(s)| "Los Angeles, New Bedford (Massachusetts), Providence (Rhode Island), and Washington, DC" );; line 90979 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation portugal chief_of_mission "Ambassador Elizabeth Frawley BAGLEY" );; line 90985 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation portugal embassy "Avenida das Forcas Armadas, 1600 Lisbon" );; line 90987 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation portugal mailing_address "PSC 83, Lisbon; APO AE 09726" );; line 90989 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation portugal telephone "[351] (1) 7266600, 7266659, 7268670, 7268880" );; line 90991 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation portugal fax "[351] (1) 7269109" );; line 90993 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation portugal |consulate(s)| "Ponta Delgada (Azores)" );; line 90995 (wfb::source-text flag portugal "two vertical bands of green (hoist side, two-fifths) and red (three-fifths) with the Portuguese coat of arms centered on the dividing line" );; line 90999 (wfb::source-text overview portugal "Portugal's economy contracted 0.4% in 1993 but registered a 1.4% growth in 1994, with 3% growth expected in 1995 and 1996. This comeback rests on high levels of public investment, continuing strong export growth, and a gradual recovery in consumer spending. The government's long-run economic goal is the modernization of Portuguese markets, industry, infrastructure, and work force in order to catch up with productivity and income levels of the more advanced EU countries. Per capita income now equals only 55% of the EU average. Economic policy in 1994 focused on reducing inflationary pressures by lowering the fiscal deficit, maintaining a stable escudo, moderating wage increases, and encouraging increased competition. The government's medium-term objective is to be in the first tier of the EU countries eligible to join the economic and monetary union (EMU) as early as 1997. To this end, the 1995 budget posits a cut in total deficit to 5.8% of GDP." );; line 91005 (wfb::source-text national_product portugal "GDP - purchasing power parity - $107.3 billion (1994 est.)" );; line 91021 (wfb::source-text national_product_real_growth_rate portugal "1.4% (1994 est.)" );; line 91025 (wfb::source-text national_product_per_capita portugal "$10,190 (1994 est.)" );; line 91029 (wfb::source-text |Inflation rate (consumer prices)| portugal "6.1% (May 1994)" );; line 91033 (wfb::source-text unemployment_rate portugal "6.7% (May 1994)" );; line 91037 (wfb::source-text budget portugal revenues "$31 billion" );; line 91042 (wfb::source-text budget portugal expenditures "$41 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA (1994)" );; line 91044 (wfb::source-text exports portugal "$15.4 billion (f.o.b., 1993)" );; line 91048 (wfb::source-text exports portugal commodities "clothing and footwear, machinery, cork and paper products, hides and skins" );; line 91050 (wfb::source-text exports portugal partners "EU 75.5%, other developed countries 12.4%, US 4.3% (1994)" );; line 91053 (wfb::source-text imports portugal "$24.3 billion (c.i.f., 1993)" );; line 91057 (wfb::source-text imports portugal commodities "machinery and transport equipment, agricultural products, chemicals, petroleum, textiles" );; line 91059 (wfb::source-text imports portugal partners "EC 72%, other developed countries 10.9%, less developed countries 12.9%, US 3.4%" );; line 91062 (wfb::source-text external_debt portugal "$20 billion (1993 est.)" );; line 91067 (wfb::source-text industrial_production portugal "growth rate 1.5% (1994 est.); accounts for 30.6% of GDP" );; line 91071 (wfb::source-text electricity portugal capacity "8,220,000 kW" );; line 91076 (wfb::source-text electricity portugal production "29.5 billion kWh" );; line 91078 (wfb::source-text electricity portugal consumption_per_capita "2,642 kWh (1993)" );; line 91080 (wfb::source-text industry portugal "textiles and footwear; wood pulp, paper, and cork; metalworking; oil refining; chemicals; fish canning; wine; tourism" );; line 91084 (wfb::source-text agriculture portugal "accounts for 5% of GDP; small, inefficient farms; imports more than half of food needs; major crops - grain, potatoes, olives, grapes; livestock sector - sheep, cattle, goats, poultry, meat, dairy products" );; line 91089 (wfb::source-text illicit_drugs portugal "increasingly important gateway country for Latin American cocaine entering the European market; transshipment point for hashish from North Africa to Europe" );; line 91095 (wfb::source-text economic_aid portugal recipient "US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-89), $1.8 billion; Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-89), $1.2 billion" );; line 91102 (wfb::source-text currency portugal "1 Portuguese escudo (Esc) = 100 centavos" );; line 91107 (wfb::source-text exchange_rates portugal "Portuguese escudos (Esc) per US$1 - 158.02 (January 1995), 165.99 (1994), 160.80 (1993), 135.00 (1992), 144.48 (1991), 142.55 (1990)" );; line 91111 (wfb::source-text fiscal_year portugal "calendar year" );; line 91116 (wfb::source-text railroads portugal total "3,068 km" );; line 91122 (wfb::source-text railroads portugal broad_gauge "2,761 km 1.668-m gauge (439 km electrified; 426 km double track)" );; line 91124 (wfb::source-text railroads portugal narrow_gauge "307 km 1.000-m gauge" );; line 91126 (wfb::source-text highways portugal total "70,176 km" );; line 91131 (wfb::source-text highways portugal paved_and_graveled "60,351 km (519 km of expressways)" );; line 91133 (wfb::source-text highways portugal unpaved "earth 9,825 km" );; line 91135 (wfb::source-text inland_waterways portugal "820 km navigable; relatively unimportant to national economy, used by shallow-draft craft limited to 300 metric-ton cargo capacity" );; line 91139 (wfb::source-text pipelines portugal "crude oil 22 km; petroleum products 58 km" );; line 91144 (wfb::source-text port portugal "Aveiro, Funchal (Madeira Islands), Horta (Azores), Leixoes, Lisbon, Porto, Ponta Delgada (Azores), Praia da Vitoria (Azores), Setubal, Viana do Castelo" );; line 91148 (wfb::source-text merchant_marine portugal total "65 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 852,785 GRT/1,545,804 DWT" );; line 91155 (wfb::source-text merchant_marine portugal ships_by_type "bulk 5, cargo 28, chemical tanker 5, container 4, liquefied gas tanker 2, oil tanker 17, refrigerated cargo 2, roll-on/roll-off cargo 1, short-sea passenger 1" );; line 91157 (wfb::source-text airports portugal total "65" );; line 91170 (wfb::source-text airports portugal |with paved runways over 3,047 m| "5" );; line 91172 (wfb::source-text airports portugal |with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m| "8" );; line 91174 (wfb::source-text airports portugal |with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m| "3" );; line 91176 (wfb::source-text airports portugal |with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m| "18" );; line 91178 (wfb::source-text airports portugal with_paved_runways_under_914_m "29" );; line 91180 (wfb::source-text airports portugal |with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m| "2" );; line 91182 (wfb::source-text telephone_system portugal "2,690,000 telephones" );; line 91187 (wfb::source-text telephone_system portugal local "NA" );; line 91189 (wfb::source-text telephone_system portugal intercity "generally adequate integrated network of coaxial cables, open wire and microwave radio relay, domestic satellite earth stations" );; line 91191 (wfb::source-text telephone_system portugal international "6 submarine cables; 3 INTELSAT (2 Atlantic Ocean and 1 Indian Ocean), EUTELSAT earth stations; tropospheric link to Azores" );; line 91194 (wfb::source-text radio portugal broadcast_stations "AM 57, FM 66 (repeaters 22), shortwave 0" );; line 91200 (wfb::source-text radio portugal radios "NA" );; line 91202 (wfb::source-text television portugal broadcast_stations "66 (repeaters 23)" );; line 91207 (wfb::source-text television portugal televisions "NA" );; line 91209 (wfb::source-text defense_branch portugal "Army, Navy (includes Marines), Air Force, National Republican Guard, Fiscal Guard, Public Security Police" );; line 91215 (wfb::source-text manpower_availability portugal "males age 15-49 2,747,357; males fit for military service 2,223,299; males reach military age (20) annually 90,402 (1995 est.)" );; line 91220 (wfb::source-text defense_expenditures portugal "exchange rate conversion - $2.4 billion, 2.9% of GDP (1994)" );; line 91225 (wfb::source-text location puerto_rico "Caribbean, island between the Caribbean Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean, east of the Dominican Republic" );; line 91236 (wfb::source-text map_references puerto_rico "Central America and the Caribbean" );; line 91241 (wfb::source-text area puerto_rico total_area "9,104 sq km" );; line 91246 (wfb::source-text area puerto_rico land_area "8,959 sq km" );; line 91248 (wfb::source-text area puerto_rico comparative_area "slightly less than three times the size of Rhode Island" );; line 91250 (wfb::source-text borders puerto_rico "0 km" );; line 91254 (wfb::source-text coastline puerto_rico "501 km" );; line 91258 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims puerto_rico exclusive_economic_zone "200 nm" );; line 91263 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims puerto_rico territorial_sea "12 nm" );; line 91265 (wfb::source-text international_disputes puerto_rico "none" );; line 91269 (wfb::source-text climate puerto_rico "tropical marine, mild, little seasonal temperature variation" );; line 91273 (wfb::source-text terrain puerto_rico "mostly mountains with coastal plain belt in north; mountains precipitous to sea on west coast; sandy beaches along most coastal areas" );; line 91277 (wfb::source-text natural-resource puerto_rico "some copper and nickel, potential for onshore and offshore crude oil" );; line 91282 (wfb::source-text land_use puerto_rico arable_land "8%" );; line 91288 (wfb::source-text land_use puerto_rico permanent_crops "9%" );; line 91290 (wfb::source-text land_use puerto_rico meadows_and_pastures "41%" );; line 91292 (wfb::source-text land_use puerto_rico forest_and_woodland "20%" );; line 91294 (wfb::source-text land_use puerto_rico other "22%" );; line 91296 (wfb::source-text irrigated_land puerto_rico "390 sq km (1989 est.)" );; line 91300 (wfb::source-text environment puerto_rico current_issues "the recent drought has caused water levels in reservoirs to drop and prompted water rationing for more than one-half of the population" );; line 91305 (wfb::source-text environment puerto_rico natural_hazards "periodic droughts" );; line 91308 (wfb::source-text environment puerto_rico international_agreements "NA" );; line 91310 (wfb::source-text note puerto_rico "important location along the Mona Passage - a key shipping lane to the Panama Canal; San Juan is one of the biggest and best natural harbors in the Caribbean; many small rivers and high central mountains ensure land is well watered; south coast relatively dry; fertile coastal plain belt in north" );; line 91314 (wfb::source-text population puerto_rico "3,812,569 (July 1995 est.)" );; line 91324 (wfb::source-text age_structure puerto_rico 0-14_years "25% (female 466,596; male 489,127)" );; line 91329 (wfb::source-text age_structure puerto_rico 15-64_years "65% (female 1,274,765; male 1,195,785)" );; line 91331 (wfb::source-text age_structure puerto_rico 65_years_and_over "10% (female 213,716; male 172,580) (July 1995 est.)" );; line 91333 (wfb::source-text population_growth_rate puerto_rico "0.16% (1995 est.)" );; line 91337 (wfb::source-text birth_rate puerto_rico "15.92 births/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 91341 (wfb::source-text death_rate puerto_rico "7.47 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 91345 (wfb::source-text net_migration_rate puerto_rico "-6.81 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 91349 (wfb::source-text infant_mortality_rate puerto_rico "12.8 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.)" );; line 91353 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth puerto_rico total_population "75.1 years" );; line 91358 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth puerto_rico male "70.78 years" );; line 91360 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth puerto_rico female "79.66 years (1995 est.)" );; line 91362 (wfb::source-text total_fertility_rate puerto_rico "1.98 children born/woman (1995 est.)" );; line 91366 (wfb::source-text nationality puerto_rico noun "Puerto Rican(s) (US citizens)" );; line 91371 (wfb::source-text nationality puerto_rico adjective "Puerto Rican" );; line 91373 (wfb::source-text ethnic-entity puerto_rico "Hispanic" );; line 91377 (wfb::source-text religion puerto_rico "Roman Catholic 85%, Protestant denominations and other 15%" );; line 91381 (wfb::source-text language puerto_rico "Spanish, English" );; line 91385 (wfb::source-text literacy puerto_rico "age 15 and over can read and write (1980)" );; line 91389 (wfb::source-text literacy puerto_rico total_population "89%" );; line 91391 (wfb::source-text literacy puerto_rico male "90%" );; line 91393 (wfb::source-text literacy puerto_rico female "88%" );; line 91395 (wfb::source-text total_labor_force puerto_rico "1.2 million (1993)" );; line 91399 (wfb::source-text labor_force_by_occupation puerto_rico by_occupation "government 22%, manufacturing 17%, trade 20%, construction 6%, communications and transportation 5%, other 30% (1993)" );; line 91401 (wfb::source-text names puerto_rico conventional_long_form "Commonwealth of Puerto Rico" );; line 91408 (wfb::source-text names puerto_rico conventional_short_form "Puerto Rico" );; line 91410 (wfb::source-text digraph puerto_rico "RQ" );; line 91414 (wfb::source-text type puerto_rico "commonwealth associated with the US" );; line 91418 (wfb::source-text capital puerto_rico "San Juan" );; line 91422 (wfb::source-text administrative_divisions puerto_rico "none (commonwealth associated with the US); note - there are 78 municipalities" );; line 91426 (wfb::source-text independence puerto_rico "none (commonwealth associated with the US)" );; line 91431 (wfb::source-text national_holiday puerto_rico "US Independence Day, 4 July (1776)" );; line 91435 (wfb::source-text constitution puerto_rico "ratified 3 March 1952; approved by US Congress 3 July 1952; effective 25 July 1952" );; line 91439 (wfb::source-text legal_system puerto_rico "based on Spanish civil code" );; line 91444 (wfb::source-text suffrage puerto_rico "18 years of age; universal; indigenous inhabitants are US citizens but do not vote in US presidential elections" );; line 91448 (wfb::source-text executive_branch puerto_rico chief_of_state "President William Jefferson CLINTON (since 20 January 1993); Vice President Albert GORE, Jr. (since 20 January 1993)" );; line 91454 (wfb::source-text executive_branch puerto_rico head_of_government "Governor Pedro ROSSELLO (since 2 January 1993); election last held 3 November 1992 (next to be held 5 November 1996); results - Pedro ROSSELLO (PNP) 50%, Victoria MUNOZ (PPD) 46%, Fernando MARTIN (PIP) 4%" );; line 91457 (wfb::source-text legislative_structure puerto_rico "bicameral Legislative Assembly" );; line 91463 (wfb::source-text legislative_branch puerto_rico senate "elections last held 3 November 1992 (next to be held 5 November 1996); results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (29 total) PNP 20, PPD 8, PIP 1" );; line 91465 (wfb::source-text legislative_branch puerto_rico house_of_representatives "elections last held 3 November 1992 (next to be held NA November 1996); results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (53 total) PNP 36, PPD 16, PIP 1" );; line 91469 (wfb::source-text legislative_branch puerto_rico us_house_of_representatives "elections last held 3 November 1992 (next to be held 5 November 1996); results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (1 total) PNP 1 (Carlos Romero BARCELO); note - Puerto Rico elects one representative to the US House of Representatives" );; line 91473 (wfb::source-text judicial_branch puerto_rico "Supreme Court, Superior Courts, Municipal Courts" );; line 91480 (wfb::source-text political_parties_and_leaders puerto_rico "National Republican Party of Puerto Rico, Luis FERRE; Popular Democratic Party (PPD), Hector ACEVEDO; New Progressive Party (PNP), Pedro ROSSELLO; Puerto Rican Socialist Party (PSP) has been disbanded (1994); Puerto Rican Independence Party (PIP), Ruben BERRIOS Martinez; Puerto Rican Communist Party (PCP), leader(s) unknown" );; line 91484 (wfb::source-text other_political_or_pressure_groups puerto_rico "Armed Forces for National Liberation (FALN); Volunteers of the Puerto Rican Revolution; Boricua Popular Army (also known as the Macheteros); Armed Forces of Popular Resistance" );; line 91492 (wfb::source-text member_of puerto_rico "CARICOM (observer), ECLAC (associate), FAO (associate), ICFTU, INTERPOL (subbureau), IOC, WCL, WFTU, WHO (associate), WTO (associate)" );; line 91498 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us puerto_rico "none (commonwealth associated with the US)" );; line 91503 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation puerto_rico "none (commonwealth associated with the US)" );; line 91507 (wfb::source-text flag puerto_rico "five equal horizontal bands of red (top and bottom) alternating with white; a blue isosceles triangle based on the hoist side bears a large white five-pointed star in the center; design based on the US flag" );; line 91511 (wfb::source-text overview puerto_rico "Puerto Rico has one of the most dynamic economies in the Caribbean region. Industry has surpassed agriculture as the primary sector of economic activity and income. Encouraged by duty free access to the US and by tax incentives, US firms have invested heavily in Puerto Rico since the 1950s. US minimum wage laws apply. Important industries include pharmaceuticals, electronics, textiles, petrochemicals, and processed foods. Sugar production has lost out to dairy production and other livestock products as the main source of income in the agricultural sector. Tourism has traditionally been an important source of income for the island, with estimated arrivals of nearly 3.9 million tourists in 1993." );; line 91518 (wfb::source-text national_product puerto_rico "GDP - purchasing power parity - $26.8 billion (1994 est.)" );; line 91531 (wfb::source-text national_product_real_growth_rate puerto_rico "2.6% (1994 est.)" );; line 91535 (wfb::source-text national_product_per_capita puerto_rico "$7,050 (1994 est.)" );; line 91539 (wfb::source-text |Inflation rate (consumer prices)| puerto_rico "2.9% (1994)" );; line 91543 (wfb::source-text unemployment_rate puerto_rico "16% (1994)" );; line 91547 (wfb::source-text budget puerto_rico revenues "$5.1 billion" );; line 91552 (wfb::source-text budget puerto_rico expenditures "$5.1 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA (FY94/95)" );; line 91554 (wfb::source-text exports puerto_rico "$21.8 billion (1994)" );; line 91558 (wfb::source-text exports puerto_rico commodities "pharmaceuticals, electronics, apparel, canned tuna, rum, beverage concentrates, medical equipment, instruments" );; line 91560 (wfb::source-text exports puerto_rico partners "US 86.2% (1993)" );; line 91563 (wfb::source-text imports puerto_rico "$16.7 billion (1994)" );; line 91567 (wfb::source-text imports puerto_rico commodities "chemicals, clothing, food, fish, petroleum products" );; line 91569 (wfb::source-text imports puerto_rico partners "US 69.2% (1993)" );; line 91571 (wfb::source-text external_debt puerto_rico "$NA" );; line 91575 (wfb::source-text industrial_production puerto_rico "growth rate 5% (1994 est.)" );; line 91579 (wfb::source-text electricity puerto_rico capacity "4.230,000 kW" );; line 91584 (wfb::source-text electricity puerto_rico production "15.6 billion kWh" );; line 91586 (wfb::source-text electricity puerto_rico consumption_per_capita "3,819 kWh (1993)" );; line 91588 (wfb::source-text industry puerto_rico "manufacturing accounts for 39.4% of GDP; manufacturing of pharmaceuticals, electronics, apparel, food products, instruments; tourism" );; line 91592 (wfb::source-text agriculture puerto_rico "accounts for only 3% of labor force and just over 1% of GDP; crops - sugarcane, coffee, pineapples, plantains, bananas; livestock - cattle, chickens; imports a large share of food needs (1993)" );; line 91597 (wfb::source-text economic_aid puerto_rico "none" );; line 91603 (wfb::source-text currency puerto_rico "1 United States dollar (US$) = 100 cents" );; line 91607 (wfb::source-text exchange_rates puerto_rico "US currency is used" );; line 91611 (wfb::source-text fiscal_year puerto_rico "1 July - 30 June" );; line 91615 (wfb::source-text railroads puerto_rico total "96 km rural narrow-gauge system for hauling sugarcane; note - no passenger railroads" );; line 91621 (wfb::source-text highways puerto_rico total "13,762 km" );; line 91627 (wfb::source-text highways puerto_rico paved "13,762 km (1982)" );; line 91629 (wfb::source-text port puerto_rico "Guanica, Guayanilla, Guayama, Playa de Ponce, San Juan" );; line 91633 (wfb::source-text merchant_marine puerto_rico "none" );; line 91637 (wfb::source-text airports puerto_rico total "31" );; line 91642 (wfb::source-text airports puerto_rico |with paved runways over 3,047 m| "3" );; line 91644 (wfb::source-text airports puerto_rico |with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m| "3" );; line 91646 (wfb::source-text airports puerto_rico |with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m| "9" );; line 91648 (wfb::source-text airports puerto_rico with_paved_runways_under_914_m "14" );; line 91650 (wfb::source-text airports puerto_rico |with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m| "2" );; line 91652 (wfb::source-text telephone_system puerto_rico "NA telephones; modern system, integrated with that of the US by high capacity submarine cable and INTELSAT with high-speed data capability; digital telephone system with about 1 million lines; cellular telephone service (1990)" );; line 91657 (wfb::source-text telephone_system puerto_rico local "NA" );; line 91662 (wfb::source-text telephone_system puerto_rico intercity "NA" );; line 91664 (wfb::source-text telephone_system puerto_rico international "1 INTELSAT earth station and submarine cable" );; line 91666 (wfb::source-text radio puerto_rico broadcast_stations "AM 50, FM 63, shortwave 0" );; line 91671 (wfb::source-text radio puerto_rico radios "NA" );; line 91673 (wfb::source-text television puerto_rico broadcast_stations "9; note - cable television available with US programs (1990)" );; line 91678 (wfb::source-text television puerto_rico televisions "NA" );; line 91680 (wfb::source-text defense_branch puerto_rico "paramilitary National Guard, Police Force" );; line 91686 (wfb::source-text note puerto_rico "defense is the responsibility of the US" );; line 91690 (wfb::source-text location qatar "Middle East, peninsula bordering the Persian Gulf and Saudi Arabia" );; line 91701 (wfb::source-text map_references qatar "Middle East" );; line 91706 (wfb::source-text area qatar total_area "11,000 sq km" );; line 91711 (wfb::source-text area qatar land_area "11,000 sq km" );; line 91713 (wfb::source-text area qatar comparative_area "slightly smaller than Connecticut" );; line 91715 (wfb::source-text borders qatar "total 60 km, Saudi Arabia 60 km" );; line 91719 (wfb::source-text coastline qatar "563 km" );; line 91723 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims qatar contiguous_zone "24 nm" );; line 91728 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims qatar exclusive_economic_zone "200 nm" );; line 91730 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims qatar territorial_sea "12 nm" );; line 91732 (wfb::source-text international_disputes qatar "territorial dispute with Bahrain over the Hawar Islands; maritime boundary with Bahrain" );; line 91736 (wfb::source-text climate qatar "desert; hot, dry; humid and sultry in summer" );; line 91741 (wfb::source-text terrain qatar "mostly flat and barren desert covered with loose sand and gravel" );; line 91745 (wfb::source-text natural-resource qatar "petroleum, natural gas, fish" );; line 91749 (wfb::source-text land_use qatar arable_land "0%" );; line 91754 (wfb::source-text land_use qatar permanent_crops "0%" );; line 91756 (wfb::source-text land_use qatar meadows_and_pastures "5%" );; line 91758 (wfb::source-text land_use qatar forest_and_woodland "0%" );; line 91760 (wfb::source-text land_use qatar other "95%" );; line 91762 (wfb::source-text irrigated_land qatar "NA sq km" );; line 91766 (wfb::source-text environment qatar current_issues "limited natural fresh water resources are increasing dependence on large-scale desalination facilities" );; line 91771 (wfb::source-text environment qatar natural_hazards "haze, dust storms, sandstorms common" );; line 91774 (wfb::source-text environment qatar international_agreements "signed, but not ratified - Biodiversity, Law of the Sea" );; line 91776 (wfb::source-text note qatar "strategic location in central Persian Gulf near major petroleum deposits" );; line 91780 (wfb::source-text population qatar "533,916 (July 1995 est.)" );; line 91787 (wfb::source-text age_structure qatar 0-14_years "30% (female 81,443; male 80,591)" );; line 91792 (wfb::source-text age_structure qatar 15-64_years "68% (female 104,921; male 258,135)" );; line 91794 (wfb::source-text age_structure qatar 65_years_and_over "2% (female 2,941; male 5,885) (July 1995 est.)" );; line 91796 (wfb::source-text population_growth_rate qatar "2.74% (1995 est.)" );; line 91800 (wfb::source-text birth_rate qatar "22.72 births/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 91804 (wfb::source-text death_rate qatar "3.59 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 91808 (wfb::source-text net_migration_rate qatar "8.25 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 91812 (wfb::source-text infant_mortality_rate qatar "20.4 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.)" );; line 91816 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth qatar total_population "73.03 years" );; line 91821 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth qatar male "70.45 years" );; line 91823 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth qatar female "75.5 years (1995 est.)" );; line 91825 (wfb::source-text total_fertility_rate qatar "4.63 children born/woman (1995 est.)" );; line 91829 (wfb::source-text nationality qatar noun "Qatari(s)" );; line 91834 (wfb::source-text nationality qatar adjective "Qatari" );; line 91836 (wfb::source-text ethnic-entity qatar "Arab 40%, Pakistani 18%, Indian 18%, Iranian 10%, other 14%" );; line 91840 (wfb::source-text religion qatar "Muslim 95%" );; line 91844 (wfb::source-text language qatar "Arabic (official), English commonly used as a second language" );; line 91848 (wfb::source-text literacy qatar "age 15 and over can read and write (1986)" );; line 91852 (wfb::source-text literacy qatar total_population "76%" );; line 91854 (wfb::source-text literacy qatar male "77%" );; line 91856 (wfb::source-text literacy qatar female "72%" );; line 91858 (wfb::source-text total_labor_force qatar "NA" );; line 91862 (wfb::source-text names qatar conventional_long_form "State of Qatar" );; line 91868 (wfb::source-text names qatar conventional_short_form "Qatar" );; line 91870 (wfb::source-text names qatar local_long_form "Dawlat Qatar" );; line 91872 (wfb::source-text names qatar local_short_form "Qatar" );; line 91874 (wfb::source-text digraph qatar "QA" );; line 91878 (wfb::source-text type qatar "traditional monarchy" );; line 91882 (wfb::source-text capital qatar "Doha" );; line 91886 (wfb::source-text administrative_divisions qatar "9 municipalities (baladiyat, singular - baladiyah); Ad Dawhah, Al Ghuwayriyah, Al Jumayliyah, Al Khawr, Al Wakrah, Ar Rayyan, Jarayan al Batinah, Madinat ash Shamal, Umm Salal" );; line 91890 (wfb::source-text independence qatar "3 September 1971 (from UK)" );; line 91896 (wfb::source-text national_holiday qatar "Independence Day, 3 September (1971)" );; line 91900 (wfb::source-text constitution qatar "provisional constitution enacted 2 April 1970" );; line 91904 (wfb::source-text legal_system qatar "discretionary system of law controlled by the amir, although civil codes are being implemented; Islamic law is significant in personal matters" );; line 91908 (wfb::source-text suffrage qatar "none" );; line 91913 (wfb::source-text executive_branch qatar chief_of_state_and_head_of_government "Amir and Prime Minister KHALIFA bin Hamad Al Thani (since 22 February 1972); Crown Prince HAMAD bin Khalifa Al Thani (appointed 31 May 1977; son of Amir and Minister of Defense)" );; line 91918 (wfb::source-text executive_branch qatar cabinet "Council of Ministers; appointed by the amir" );; line 91922 (wfb::source-text legislative_structure qatar "unicameral" );; line 91926 (wfb::source-text legislative_branch qatar |Advisory Council (Majlis al-Shura)| "constitution calls for elections for part of this consultative body, but no elections have been held; seats - (30 total)" );; line 91928 (wfb::source-text judicial_branch qatar "Court of Appeal" );; line 91933 (wfb::source-text political_parties_and_leaders qatar "none" );; line 91937 (wfb::source-text member_of qatar "ABEDA, AFESD, AL, AMF, CCC, ESCWA, FAO, G-77, GATT, GCC, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDB, IFAD, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, INMARSAT, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, ISO (correspondent), ITU, NAM, OAPEC, OIC, OPEC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO" );; line 91941 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us qatar chief_of_mission "Ambassador ABD AL-RAHMAN bin Saud bin Fahd Al Thani" );; line 91949 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us qatar chancery "Suite 1180, 600 New Hampshire Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20037" );; line 91951 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us qatar telephone "[1] (202) 338-0111" );; line 91953 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation qatar chief_of_mission "Ambassador Kenton W. KEITH" );; line 91958 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation qatar embassy "149 Ali Bin Ahmed St., Farig Bin Omran (opposite the television station), Doha" );; line 91960 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation qatar mailing_address "P. O. Box 2399, Doha" );; line 91963 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation qatar telephone "[974] 864701 through 864703" );; line 91965 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation qatar fax "[974] 861669" );; line 91967 (wfb::source-text flag qatar "maroon with a broad white serrated band (nine white points) on the hoist side" );; line 91971 (wfb::source-text overview qatar "Oil is the backbone of the economy and accounts for more than 30% of GDP, roughly 75% of export earnings, and 70% of government revenues. Proved oil reserves of 3.3 billion barrels should ensure continued output at current levels for about 25 years. Oil has given Qatar a per capita GDP comparable to the leading West European industrial countries. Production and export of natural gas are becoming increasingly important. Long-term goals feature the development of off-shore oil and the diversification of the economy." );; line 91977 (wfb::source-text national_product qatar "GDP - purchasing power parity - $10.7 billion (1994 est.)" );; line 91988 (wfb::source-text national_product_real_growth_rate qatar "-1% (1994 est.)" );; line 91992 (wfb::source-text national_product_per_capita qatar "$20,820 (1994 est.)" );; line 91996 (wfb::source-text |Inflation rate (consumer prices)| qatar "3% (1993 est.)" );; line 92000 (wfb::source-text unemployment_rate qatar "NA%" );; line 92004 (wfb::source-text budget qatar revenues "$2.5 billion" );; line 92009 (wfb::source-text budget qatar expenditures "$3 billion, including capital expenditures of $440 million (1992 est.)" );; line 92011 (wfb::source-text exports qatar "$3.13 billion (f.o.b., 1993 est.)" );; line 92016 (wfb::source-text exports qatar commodities "petroleum products 75%, steel, fertilizers" );; line 92018 (wfb::source-text exports qatar partners "Japan 57%, South Korea 9%, Brazil 4%, UAE 4%, Singapore 3% (1992)" );; line 92020 (wfb::source-text imports qatar "$1.75 billion (f.o.b., 1993 est.)" );; line 92024 (wfb::source-text imports qatar commodities "machinery and equipment, consumer goods, food, chemicals" );; line 92026 (wfb::source-text imports qatar partners "Japan 16%, UK 11%, US 11%, Germany 7%, France 5% (1992)" );; line 92028 (wfb::source-text external_debt qatar "$1.5 billion (1993 est.)" );; line 92032 (wfb::source-text industrial_production qatar "accounts for 50% of GDP, including oil" );; line 92036 (wfb::source-text electricity qatar capacity "1,520,000 kW" );; line 92041 (wfb::source-text electricity qatar production "4.5 billion kWh" );; line 92043 (wfb::source-text electricity qatar consumption_per_capita "8,415 kWh (1993)" );; line 92045 (wfb::source-text industry qatar "crude oil production and refining, fertilizers, petrochemicals, steel (rolls reinforcing bars for concrete construction), cement" );; line 92049 (wfb::source-text agriculture qatar "farming and grazing on small scale, less than 2% of GDP; agricultural area is small and government-owned; commercial fishing increasing in importance; most food imported" );; line 92054 (wfb::source-text economic_aid qatar donor "pledged in ODA to less developed countries (1979-88), $2.7 billion" );; line 92061 (wfb::source-text currency qatar "1 Qatari riyal (QR) = 100 dirhams" );; line 92066 (wfb::source-text exchange_rates qatar "Qatari riyals (QR) per US$1 - 3.6400 riyals (fixed rate)" );; line 92070 (wfb::source-text fiscal_year qatar "1 April - 31 March" );; line 92074 (wfb::source-text railroads qatar "0 km" );; line 92079 (wfb::source-text highways qatar total "1,190 km" );; line 92084 (wfb::source-text highways qatar paved "1,030 km" );; line 92086 (wfb::source-text highways qatar unpaved "160 km (1988 est.)" );; line 92088 (wfb::source-text pipelines qatar "crude oil 235 km; natural gas 400 km" );; line 92092 (wfb::source-text port qatar "Doha, Halul Island, Umm Sa'id" );; line 92096 (wfb::source-text merchant_marine qatar total "19 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 463,227 GRT/763,507 DWT" );; line 92101 (wfb::source-text merchant_marine qatar ships_by_type "combination ore/oil 1, container 3, cargo 11, oil tanker 3, refrigerated cargo 1" );; line 92103 (wfb::source-text airports qatar total "6" );; line 92109 (wfb::source-text airports qatar |with paved runways over 3,047 m| "1" );; line 92111 (wfb::source-text airports qatar with_paved_runways_under_914_m "2" );; line 92113 (wfb::source-text airports qatar |with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m| "3" );; line 92115 (wfb::source-text telephone_system qatar "110,000 telephones; modern system centered in Doha" );; line 92120 (wfb::source-text telephone_system qatar local "NA" );; line 92122 (wfb::source-text telephone_system qatar intercity "NA" );; line 92124 (wfb::source-text telephone_system qatar international "tropospheric scatter to Bahrain; microwave radio relay to Saudi Arabia and UAE; submarine cable to Bahrain and UAE; 2 INTELSAT (1 Atlantic Ocean and 1 Indian Ocean) and 1 ARABSAT earth station" );; line 92126 (wfb::source-text radio qatar broadcast_stations "AM 2, FM 3, shortwave 0" );; line 92133 (wfb::source-text radio qatar radios "NA" );; line 92135 (wfb::source-text television qatar broadcast_stations "3" );; line 92140 (wfb::source-text television qatar televisions "NA" );; line 92142 (wfb::source-text defense_branch qatar "Army, Navy, Air Force, Public Security" );; line 92148 (wfb::source-text manpower_availability qatar "males age 15-49 219,442; males fit for military service 115,103; males reach military age (18) annually 3,915 (1995 est.)" );; line 92152 (wfb::source-text defense_expenditures qatar "$NA, NA%, of GDP" );; line 92157 (wfb::source-text location reunion "Southern Africa, island in the Indian Ocean, east of Madagascar" );; line 92169 (wfb::source-text map_references reunion "World" );; line 92173 (wfb::source-text area reunion total_area "2,510 sq km" );; line 92178 (wfb::source-text area reunion land_area "2,500 sq km" );; line 92180 (wfb::source-text area reunion comparative_area "slightly smaller than Rhode Island" );; line 92182 (wfb::source-text borders reunion "0 km" );; line 92186 (wfb::source-text coastline reunion "201 km" );; line 92190 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims reunion exclusive_economic_zone "200 nm" );; line 92195 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims reunion territorial_sea "12 nm" );; line 92197 (wfb::source-text international_disputes reunion "none" );; line 92201 (wfb::source-text climate reunion "tropical, but moderates with elevation; cool and dry from May to November, hot and rainy from November to April" );; line 92205 (wfb::source-text terrain reunion "mostly rugged and mountainous; fertile lowlands along coast" );; line 92210 (wfb::source-text natural-resource reunion "fish, arable land" );; line 92214 (wfb::source-text land_use reunion arable_land "20%" );; line 92219 (wfb::source-text land_use reunion permanent_crops "2%" );; line 92221 (wfb::source-text land_use reunion meadows_and_pastures "4%" );; line 92223 (wfb::source-text land_use reunion forest_and_woodland "35%" );; line 92225 (wfb::source-text land_use reunion other "39%" );; line 92227 (wfb::source-text irrigated_land reunion "60 sq km (1989 est.)" );; line 92231 (wfb::source-text environment reunion current_issues "NA" );; line 92236 (wfb::source-text environment reunion natural_hazards "periodic, devastating cyclones (December to April); Piton de la Fournaise on the southeastern coast is an active volcano" );; line 92238 (wfb::source-text environment reunion international_agreements "NA" );; line 92241 (wfb::source-text population reunion "666,067 (July 1995 est.)" );; line 92247 (wfb::source-text age_structure reunion 0-14_years "32% (female 104,924; male 109,972)" );; line 92252 (wfb::source-text age_structure reunion 15-64_years "62% (female 210,762; male 203,774)" );; line 92254 (wfb::source-text age_structure reunion 65_years_and_over "6% (female 21,606; male 15,029) (July 1995 est.)" );; line 92256 (wfb::source-text population_growth_rate reunion "1.98% (1995 est.)" );; line 92260 (wfb::source-text birth_rate reunion "24.59 births/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 92264 (wfb::source-text death_rate reunion "4.79 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 92268 (wfb::source-text net_migration_rate reunion "0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 92272 (wfb::source-text infant_mortality_rate reunion "7.7 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.)" );; line 92276 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth reunion total_population "74.46 years" );; line 92281 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth reunion male "71.39 years" );; line 92283 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth reunion female "77.67 years (1995 est.)" );; line 92285 (wfb::source-text total_fertility_rate reunion "2.75 children born/woman (1995 est.)" );; line 92289 (wfb::source-text nationality reunion noun "Reunionese (singular and plural)" );; line 92294 (wfb::source-text nationality reunion adjective "Reunionese" );; line 92296 (wfb::source-text ethnic-entity reunion "French, African, Malagasy, Chinese, Pakistani, Indian" );; line 92300 (wfb::source-text religion reunion "Roman Catholic 94%" );; line 92304 (wfb::source-text language reunion "French (official), Creole widely used" );; line 92308 (wfb::source-text literacy reunion "age 15 and over can read and write (1982)" );; line 92312 (wfb::source-text literacy reunion total_population "79%" );; line 92314 (wfb::source-text literacy reunion male "76%" );; line 92316 (wfb::source-text literacy reunion female "80%" );; line 92318 (wfb::source-text total_labor_force reunion "NA" );; line 92322 (wfb::source-text labor_force_by_occupation reunion by_occupation "agriculture 30%, industry 21%, services 49% (1981)" );; line 92324 (wfb::source-text names reunion conventional_long_form "Department of Reunion" );; line 92330 (wfb::source-text names reunion conventional_short_form "Reunion" );; line 92332 (wfb::source-text names reunion local_long_form "none" );; line 92334 (wfb::source-text names reunion local_short_form "Ile de la Reunion" );; line 92336 (wfb::source-text digraph reunion "RE" );; line 92340 (wfb::source-text type reunion "overseas department of France" );; line 92344 (wfb::source-text capital reunion "Saint-Denis" );; line 92348 (wfb::source-text administrative_divisions reunion "none (overseas department of France)" );; line 92352 (wfb::source-text independence reunion "none (overseas department of France)" );; line 92356 (wfb::source-text national_holiday reunion "National Day, Taking of the Bastille, 14 July (1789)" );; line 92360 (wfb::source-text constitution reunion "28 September 1958 (French Constitution)" );; line 92364 (wfb::source-text legal_system reunion "French law" );; line 92368 (wfb::source-text suffrage reunion "18 years of age; universal" );; line 92372 (wfb::source-text executive_branch reunion chief_of_state "President Francois MITTERRAND (since 21 May 1981)" );; line 92377 (wfb::source-text executive_branch reunion head_of_government "Prefect of Reunion Island Hubert FOURNIER (since NA)" );; line 92379 (wfb::source-text executive_branch reunion cabinet "Council of Ministers" );; line 92381 (wfb::source-text legislative_structure reunion "unicameral General Council and unicameral Regional Council" );; line 92385 (wfb::source-text legislative_branch reunion general_council "elections last held March 1994 (next to be held NA); results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (47 total) PCR 12, PS 12, UDF 11, RPR 5, others 7" );; line 92387 (wfb::source-text legislative_branch reunion regional_council "elections last held 25 June 1993 (next to be held NA); results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (45 total) UPF 17, Free-Dom Movement 13, PCR 9, PS 6" );; line 92391 (wfb::source-text legislative_branch reunion french_senate "elections last held 24 September 1992 (next to be held NA); results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (3 total) RPR 1, FRA 1, independent 1" );; line 92395 (wfb::source-text legislative_branch reunion french_national_assembly "elections last held 21 and 28 March 1993 (next to be held NA 1998); results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (5 total) PS 1, PCR 1, UPF 1, RPR 1, UDF-CDS 1" );; line 92399 (wfb::source-text judicial_branch reunion "Court of Appeals (Cour d'Appel)" );; line 92405 (wfb::source-text political_parties_and_leaders reunion "Rally for the Republic (RPR), Alain DEFAUD; Union for French Democracy (UDF), Gilbert GERARD; Communist Party of Reunion (PCR), Elie HOARAU;; France-Reunion Future (FRA), Andre THIEN AH KOON; Socialist Party (PS), Jean-Claude FRUTEAU; Social Democrats (CDS), leader NA; Union for France (UPF - including RPR and UDF); Free-Dom Movement, Marguerite SUDRE" );; line 92409 (wfb::source-text member_of reunion "FZ, WFTU" );; line 92417 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us reunion "none (overseas department of France)" );; line 92421 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation reunion "none (overseas department of France)" );; line 92425 (wfb::source-text flag reunion "the flag of France is used" );; line 92429 (wfb::source-text overview reunion "The economy has traditionally been based on agriculture. Sugarcane has been the primary crop for more than a century, and in some years it accounts for 85% of exports. The government has been pushing the development of a tourist industry to relieve high unemployment, which recently amounted to one-third of the labor force. The gap in Reunion between the well-off and the poor is extraordinary and accounts for the persistent social tensions. The white and Indian communities are substantially better off than other segments of the population, often approaching European standards, whereas indigenous groups suffer the poverty and unemployment typical of the poorer nations of the African continent. The outbreak of severe rioting in February 1991 illustrates the seriousness of socioeconomic tensions. The economic well-being of Reunion depends heavily on continued financial assistance from France." );; line 92434 (wfb::source-text national_product reunion "GDP - purchasing power parity - $2.5 billion (1993 est.)" );; line 92450 (wfb::source-text national_product_real_growth_rate reunion "NA%" );; line 92454 (wfb::source-text national_product_per_capita reunion "$3,900 (1993 est.)" );; line 92458 (wfb::source-text |Inflation rate (consumer prices)| reunion "NA%" );; line 92462 (wfb::source-text unemployment_rate reunion "35% (February 1991)" );; line 92466 (wfb::source-text budget reunion revenues "$358 million" );; line 92471 (wfb::source-text budget reunion expenditures "$914 million, including capital expenditures of $NA (1986 est.)" );; line 92473 (wfb::source-text exports reunion "$166 million (f.o.b., 1988)" );; line 92477 (wfb::source-text exports reunion commodities "sugar 75%, rum and molasses 4%, perfume essences 4%, lobster 3%, vanilla and tea 1%" );; line 92479 (wfb::source-text exports reunion partners "France, Mauritius, Bahrain, South Africa, Italy" );; line 92482 (wfb::source-text imports reunion "$1.7 billion (c.i.f., 1988)" );; line 92486 (wfb::source-text imports reunion commodities "manufactured goods, food, beverages, tobacco, machinery and transportation equipment, raw materials, and petroleum products" );; line 92488 (wfb::source-text imports reunion partners "France, Mauritius, Bahrain, South Africa, Italy" );; line 92491 (wfb::source-text external_debt reunion "$NA" );; line 92495 (wfb::source-text industrial_production reunion "growth rate NA%; about 25% of GDP" );; line 92499 (wfb::source-text electricity reunion capacity "180,000 kW" );; line 92504 (wfb::source-text electricity reunion production "1 billion kWh" );; line 92506 (wfb::source-text electricity reunion consumption_per_capita "1,454 kWh (1993)" );; line 92508 (wfb::source-text industry reunion "sugar, rum, cigarettes, several small shops producing handicraft items" );; line 92512 (wfb::source-text agriculture reunion "accounts for 30% of labor force; dominant sector of economy; cash crops - sugarcane, vanilla, tobacco; food crops - tropical fruits, vegetables, corn; imports large share of food needs" );; line 92517 (wfb::source-text economic_aid reunion recipient "Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-89), $14.8 billion" );; line 92524 (wfb::source-text currency reunion "1 French franc (F) = 100 centimes" );; line 92529 (wfb::source-text exchange_rates reunion "French francs (F) per US$1 - 5.2943 (January 1995), 5.5520 (1994), 5.6632 (1993), 5.2938 (1992), 5.6421 (1991), 5.4453 (1990)" );; line 92533 (wfb::source-text fiscal_year reunion "calendar year" );; line 92538 (wfb::source-text railroads reunion "0 km" );; line 92543 (wfb::source-text highways reunion total "2,800 km" );; line 92548 (wfb::source-text highways reunion paved "2,200 km" );; line 92550 (wfb::source-text highways reunion unpaved "gravel, crushed stone, stabilized earth 600 km" );; line 92552 (wfb::source-text port reunion "Le Port, Pointe des Galets" );; line 92556 (wfb::source-text merchant_marine reunion "none" );; line 92560 (wfb::source-text airports reunion total "2" );; line 92565 (wfb::source-text airports reunion |with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m| "1" );; line 92567 (wfb::source-text airports reunion |with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m| "1" );; line 92569 (wfb::source-text telephone_system reunion "85,900 telephones; adequate system; principal center Saint-Denis" );; line 92574 (wfb::source-text telephone_system reunion local "NA" );; line 92576 (wfb::source-text telephone_system reunion intercity "modern open-wire and microwave network" );; line 92578 (wfb::source-text telephone_system reunion international "radiocommunication to Comoros, France, Madagascar; new microwave route to Mauritius; 1 INTELSAT (Indian Ocean) earth station" );; line 92580 (wfb::source-text radio reunion broadcast_stations "AM 3, FM 13, shortwave 0" );; line 92586 (wfb::source-text radio reunion radios "NA" );; line 92588 (wfb::source-text television reunion broadcast_stations "1 (repeaters 18)" );; line 92593 (wfb::source-text television reunion televisions "NA" );; line 92595 (wfb::source-text defense_branch reunion "French forces (Army, Navy, Air Force, and Gendarmerie)" );; line 92601 (wfb::source-text manpower_availability reunion "males age 15-49 173,693; males fit for military service 89,438; males reach military age (18) annually 5,781 (1995 est.)" );; line 92605 (wfb::source-text note reunion "defense is the responsibility of France" );; line 92610 (wfb::source-text location romania "Southeastern Europe, bordering the Black Sea, between Bulgaria and Ukraine" );; line 92620 (wfb::source-text map_references romania "Ethnic Groups in Eastern Europe, Europe" );; line 92625 (wfb::source-text area romania total_area "237,500 sq km" );; line 92630 (wfb::source-text area romania land_area "230,340 sq km" );; line 92632 (wfb::source-text area romania comparative_area "slightly smaller than Oregon" );; line 92634 (wfb::source-text borders romania "total 2,508 km, Bulgaria 608 km, Hungary 443 km, Moldova 450 km, Serbia and Montenegro 476 km (all with Serbia), Ukraine (north) 362 km, Ukraine (south) 169 km" );; line 92638 (wfb::source-text coastline romania "225 km" );; line 92644 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims romania contiguous_zone "24 nm" );; line 92649 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims romania continental_shelf "200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation" );; line 92651 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims romania exclusive_economic_zone "200 nm" );; line 92653 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims romania territorial_sea "12 nm" );; line 92655 (wfb::source-text international_disputes romania "certain territory of Moldova and Ukraine - including Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina - are considered by Bucharest as historically a part of Romania; this territory was incorporated into the former Soviet Union following the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact in 1940" );; line 92659 (wfb::source-text climate romania "temperate; cold, cloudy winters with frequent snow and fog; sunny summers with frequent showers and thunderstorms" );; line 92666 (wfb::source-text terrain romania "central Transylvanian Basin is separated from the Plain of Moldavia on the east by the Carpathian Mountains and separated from the Walachian Plain on the south by the Transylvanian Alps" );; line 92671 (wfb::source-text natural-resource romania "petroleum (reserves declining), timber, natural gas, coal, iron ore, salt" );; line 92677 (wfb::source-text land_use romania arable_land "43%" );; line 92683 (wfb::source-text land_use romania permanent_crops "3%" );; line 92685 (wfb::source-text land_use romania meadows_and_pastures "19%" );; line 92687 (wfb::source-text land_use romania forest_and_woodland "28%" );; line 92689 (wfb::source-text land_use romania other "7%" );; line 92691 (wfb::source-text irrigated_land romania "34,500 sq km (1989 est.)" );; line 92695 (wfb::source-text environment romania current_issues "soil erosion and degradation; water pollution; air pollution in south from industrial effluents; contamination of Danube delta wetlands" );; line 92700 (wfb::source-text environment romania natural_hazards "earthquakes most severe in south and southwest; geologic structure and climate promote landslides" );; line 92703 (wfb::source-text environment romania international_agreements "party to - Air Pollution, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands; signed, but not ratified - Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Law of the Sea" );; line 92706 (wfb::source-text note romania "controls most easily traversable land route between the Balkans, Moldova, and Ukraine" );; line 92713 (wfb::source-text population romania "23,198,330 (July 1995 est.)" );; line 92720 (wfb::source-text age_structure romania 0-14_years "21% (female 2,413,933; male 2,534,019)" );; line 92729 (wfb::source-text age_structure romania 15-64_years "67% (female 7,737,531; male 7,732,038)" );; line 92731 (wfb::source-text age_structure romania 65_years_and_over "12% (female 1,604,210; male 1,176,599) (July 1995 est.)" );; line 92733 (wfb::source-text population_growth_rate romania "0.09% (1995 est.)" );; line 92737 (wfb::source-text birth_rate romania "13.71 births/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 92741 (wfb::source-text death_rate romania "9.93 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 92745 (wfb::source-text net_migration_rate romania "-2.88 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 92749 (wfb::source-text infant_mortality_rate romania "18.7 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.)" );; line 92753 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth romania total_population "72.24 years" );; line 92758 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth romania male "69.31 years" );; line 92760 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth romania female "75.35 years (1995 est.)" );; line 92762 (wfb::source-text total_fertility_rate romania "1.82 children born/woman (1995 est.)" );; line 92766 (wfb::source-text nationality romania noun "Romanian(s)" );; line 92771 (wfb::source-text nationality romania adjective "Romanian" );; line 92773 (wfb::source-text ethnic-entity romania "Romanian 89.1%, Hungarian 8.9%, German 0.4%, Ukrainian, Serb, Croat, Russian, Turk, and Gypsy 1.6%" );; line 92777 (wfb::source-text religion romania "Romanian Orthodox 70%, Roman Catholic 6% (of which 3% are Uniate), Protestant 6%, unaffiliated 18%" );; line 92782 (wfb::source-text language romania "Romanian, Hungarian, German" );; line 92787 (wfb::source-text literacy romania "age 15 and over can read and write (1992)" );; line 92791 (wfb::source-text literacy romania total_population "97%" );; line 92793 (wfb::source-text literacy romania male "98%" );; line 92795 (wfb::source-text literacy romania female "95%" );; line 92797 (wfb::source-text total_labor_force romania "11.3 million (1992)" );; line 92801 (wfb::source-text labor_force_by_occupation romania by_occupation "industry 38%, agriculture 28%, other 34% (1989)" );; line 92803 (wfb::source-text names romania conventional_long_form "none" );; line 92809 (wfb::source-text names romania conventional_short_form "Romania" );; line 92811 (wfb::source-text names romania local_long_form "none" );; line 92813 (wfb::source-text names romania local_short_form "Romania" );; line 92815 (wfb::source-text digraph romania "RO" );; line 92819 (wfb::source-text type romania "republic" );; line 92823 (wfb::source-text capital romania "Bucharest" );; line 92827 (wfb::source-text administrative_divisions romania "40 counties (judete, singular - judet) and 1 municipality* (municipiu); Alba, Arad, Arges, Bacau, Bihor, Bistrita-Nasaud, Botosani, Braila, Brasov, Bucuresti*, Buzau, Calarasi, Caras-Severin, Cluj, Constanta, Covasna, Dimbovita, Dolj, Galati, Gorj, Giurgiu, Harghita, Hunedoara, Ialomita, Iasi, Maramures, Mehedinti, Mures, Neamt, Olt, Prahova, Salaj, Satu Mare, Sibiu, Suceava, Teleorman, Timis, Tulcea, Vaslui, Vilcea, Vrancea" );; line 92831 (wfb::source-text independence romania "1881 (from Turkey; republic proclaimed 30 December 1947)" );; line 92840 (wfb::source-text national_holiday romania "National Day of Romania, 1 December (1990)" );; line 92844 (wfb::source-text constitution romania "8 December 1991" );; line 92848 (wfb::source-text legal_system romania "former mixture of civil law system and Communist legal theory; is now based on the Constitution of France's Fifth Republic" );; line 92852 (wfb::source-text suffrage romania "18 years of age; universal" );; line 92857 (wfb::source-text executive_branch romania chief_of_state "President Ion ILIESCU (since 20 June 1990, previously President of Provisional Council of National Unity since 23 December 1989); election last held 27 September 1992, with runoff between top two candidates on 11 October 1992 (next to be held NA 1996); results - Ion ILIESCU 61.4%, Emil CONSTANTINESCU 38.6%" );; line 92862 (wfb::source-text executive_branch romania head_of_government "Prime Minister Nicolae VACAROIU (since November 1992)" );; line 92868 (wfb::source-text executive_branch romania cabinet "Council of Ministers; appointed by the prime minister" );; line 92870 (wfb::source-text legislative_structure romania "bicameral Parliament" );; line 92874 (wfb::source-text legislative_branch romania |Senate (Senat)| "elections last held 27 September 1992 (next to be held NA 1996); results - PSDR 34.3%, CDR 18.2%, DP-FSN 12.6%, others 34.9%; seats - (143 total) PSDR 49, CDR 26, DP-FSN 18, PUNR 13, UDMR 12, PRM 6, PAC 6, PDAR 5, PSM 5, PL-93 2 other 1" );; line 92876 (wfb::source-text legislative_branch romania |House of Deputies (Adunarea Deputatilor)| "elections last held 27 September 1992 (next to be held NA 1996); results - PSDR 34.0%, CDR 16,4%, DP-FSN 12.3%, others 37.3%; seats - (341 total) PSDR 116, CDR 56, DP-FSN 42, PUNR 29, UDMR 27, PL-93 19, PRM 15, PSM 13, PAC 5, other 19" );; line 92881 (wfb::source-text judicial_branch romania "Supreme Court of Justice, Constitutional Court" );; line 92888 (wfb::source-text political_parties_and_leaders romania "Democratic Party (DP-FSN), Petre ROMAN; Social Democratic Party of Romania (PSDR), Adrian NASTASE; Democratic Union of Hungarians in Romania (UDMR), Bela MARKO; National Liberal Party (PNL), Mircea IONESCU-QUINTUS; National Peasants' Christian and Democratic Party (PNTCD), Corneliu COPOSU; Romanian National Unity Party (PUNR), Gheorghe FUNAR; Socialist Labor Party (PSM), Ilie VERDET; Agrarian Democratic Party of Romania (PDAR), Victor SURDU; The Democratic Convention (CDR), Emil CONSTANTINESCU; Romania Mare Party (PRM), Corneliu Vadim TUDOR; Civic Alliance Party (PAC), Nicolae MANOLESCU, chairman" );; line 92892 (wfb::source-text other_political_or_pressure_groups romania "various human rights and professional associations" );; line 92907 (wfb::source-text member_of romania "ACCT, BIS, BSEC, CCC, CE, CEI (associate members), EBRD, ECE, FAO, G- 9, G-77, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, INMARSAT, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, IOM (observer), ISO, ITU, NACC, NAM (guest), NSG, OAS (observer), OSCE, PCA, PFP, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNIKOM, UNOSOM, UPU, WCL, WEU (associate partner), WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC" );; line 92911 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us romania chief_of_mission "Ambassador Mihai Horia BOTEZ" );; line 92921 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us romania chancery "1607 23rd Street NW, Washington, DC 20008" );; line 92923 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us romania telephone "[1] (202) 332-4846, 4848, 4851" );; line 92925 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us romania fax "[1] (202) 232-4748" );; line 92927 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us romania |consulate(s) general| "Los Angeles and New York" );; line 92929 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation romania chief_of_mission "Ambassador Alfred H. MOSES" );; line 92934 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation romania embassy "Strada Tudor Arghezi 7-9, Bucharest" );; line 92936 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation romania mailing_address "American Consulate General (Bucharest), Unit 1315, Bucharest; APO AE 09213-1315" );; line 92938 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation romania telephone "[40] (1) 210 01 49, 210 40 42" );; line 92941 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation romania fax "[40] (1) 210 03 95" );; line 92943 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation romania branch_office "Cluj-Napoca" );; line 92945 (wfb::source-text flag romania "three equal vertical bands of blue (hoist side), yellow, and red; the national coat of arms that used to be centered in the yellow band has been removed; now similar to the flags of Andorra and Chad" );; line 92949 (wfb::source-text overview romania "Despite the continuing difficulties in moving away from the former command system, the Romanian economy seems to have bottomed out in 1993-94. Market oriented reforms have been introduced fitfully since the downfall of CEAUSESCU in December 1989, with the result a growing private sector, especially in services. The slow pace of structural reform, however, has exacerbated Romania's high inflation rate and eroded real wages. Agricultural production rebounded in 1993 from the drought-reduced harvest of 1992. The economy continued its recovery in 1994, further gains being realized in agriculture, construction, services, and trade. Food supplies are adequate but expensive. Romania's infrastructure had deteriorated over the last five years due to reduced levels of public investment. Residents of the capital reported frequent disruptions of heating and water services. The slow and painful process of conversion to a more open economy will continue in 1995." );; line 92956 (wfb::source-text national_product romania "GDP - purchasing power parity - $64.7 billion (1994 est.)" );; line 92972 (wfb::source-text national_product_real_growth_rate romania "3.4% (1994 est.)" );; line 92976 (wfb::source-text national_product_per_capita romania "$2,790 (1994 est.)" );; line 92980 (wfb::source-text |Inflation rate (consumer prices)| romania "62% (1994)" );; line 92984 (wfb::source-text unemployment_rate romania "10.9% (December 1994)" );; line 92988 (wfb::source-text budget romania revenues "$8.3 billion" );; line 92993 (wfb::source-text budget romania expenditures "$9.4 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA (1995 est.)" );; line 92995 (wfb::source-text exports romania "$6 billion (f.o.b., 1994)" );; line 92999 (wfb::source-text exports romania commodities "metals and metal products 17.6%, mineral products 11.9%, textiles 18.5%, electric machines and equipment 8.4%, transport materials 6.5% (1994)" );; line 93001 (wfb::source-text exports romania partners "EC 36.1%, developing countries 27.4%, East and Central Europe 14.9%, EFTA 5.1%, Russia 5%, Japan 1.4%, US 1.3% (1993)" );; line 93004 (wfb::source-text imports romania "$6.3 billion (f.o.b., 1994)" );; line 93009 (wfb::source-text imports romania commodities "minerals 21.1%, machinery and equipment 19.7%, textiles 11.5%, agricultural goods 9.2% (1994)" );; line 93011 (wfb::source-text imports romania partners "EC 45.8%, East and Central Europe 8.6%, developing countries 22.6%, Russia 11%, EFTA 6.2%, US 5.0%, Japan 0.8% (1993)" );; line 93014 (wfb::source-text external_debt romania "$4.4 billion (1994)" );; line 93019 (wfb::source-text industrial_production romania "growth rate -1% (1993 est.); accounts for 45% of GDP" );; line 93023 (wfb::source-text electricity romania capacity "22,180,000 kW" );; line 93028 (wfb::source-text electricity romania production "50.8 billion kWh" );; line 93030 (wfb::source-text electricity romania consumption_per_capita "2,076 kWh (1993)" );; line 93032 (wfb::source-text industry romania "mining, timber, construction materials, metallurgy, chemicals, machine building, food processing, petroleum production and refining" );; line 93036 (wfb::source-text agriculture romania "accounts for 18% of GDP and 28% of labor force; major wheat and corn producer; other products - sugar beets, sunflower seed, potatoes, milk, eggs, meat, grapes" );; line 93041 (wfb::source-text illicit_drugs romania "transshipment point for southwest Asian heroin and Latin American cocaine transiting the Balkan route" );; line 93047 (wfb::source-text economic_aid romania "$NA" );; line 93052 (wfb::source-text currency romania "1 leu (L) = 100 bani" );; line 93056 (wfb::source-text exchange_rates romania "lei (L) per US$1 - 1,776.00 (January 1995), 1,655.09 (1994), 760.05 (1993), 307.95 (1992), 76.39 (1991), 22.432 (1990)" );; line 93060 (wfb::source-text fiscal_year romania "calendar year" );; line 93065 (wfb::source-text railroads romania total "11,365 km" );; line 93071 (wfb::source-text railroads romania broad_gauge "45 km 1.524-m gauge" );; line 93073 (wfb::source-text railroads romania standard_gauge "10,893 km 1.435-m gauge (3,723 km electrified; 3,060 km double track)" );; line 93075 (wfb::source-text railroads romania narrow_gauge "427 km 0.760-m gauge (1994)" );; line 93078 (wfb::source-text highways romania total "461,880 km" );; line 93083 (wfb::source-text highways romania paved "235,559 km (113 km of expressways)" );; line 93085 (wfb::source-text highways romania unpaved "226,321 km (1992)" );; line 93087 (wfb::source-text inland_waterways romania "1,724 km (1984)" );; line 93091 (wfb::source-text pipelines romania "crude oil 2,800 km; petroleum products 1,429 km; natural gas 6,400 km (1992)" );; line 93095 (wfb::source-text port romania "Braila, Constanta, Galatz, Mangalia, Sulina, Tulcea" );; line 93100 (wfb::source-text merchant_marine romania total "238 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 2,528,971 GRT/3,849,943 DWT" );; line 93105 (wfb::source-text merchant_marine romania ships_by_type "bulk 46, cargo 167, container 2, oil tanker 14, passenger-cargo 1, railcar carrier 1, roll-on/roll-off cargo 7" );; line 93108 (wfb::source-text airports romania total "156" );; line 93118 (wfb::source-text airports romania |with paved runways over 3,047 m| "4" );; line 93120 (wfb::source-text airports romania |with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m| "9" );; line 93122 (wfb::source-text airports romania |with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m| "14" );; line 93124 (wfb::source-text airports romania |with unpaved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m| "3" );; line 93126 (wfb::source-text airports romania |with unpaved runways 1,524 to 2,438 m| "1" );; line 93128 (wfb::source-text airports romania |with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m| "17" );; line 93130 (wfb::source-text airports romania with_unpaved_runways_under_914_m "108" );; line 93132 (wfb::source-text telephone_system romania "about 2.3 million telephones; 99 telephones/1,000 persons; 89% of phone network is automatic; poor service; cable and open wire" );; line 93137 (wfb::source-text telephone_system romania local "NA" );; line 93140 (wfb::source-text telephone_system romania intercity "trunk network is microwave; roughly 3,300 villages with no service (February 1990)" );; line 93142 (wfb::source-text telephone_system romania international "1 INTELSAT earth station; new digital international direct dial exchanges are in Bucharest (1993)" );; line 93145 (wfb::source-text radio romania broadcast_stations "AM 12, FM 5, shortwave 0" );; line 93151 (wfb::source-text radio romania radios "NA" );; line 93153 (wfb::source-text television romania broadcast_stations "13 (1990)" );; line 93158 (wfb::source-text television romania televisions "NA" );; line 93160 (wfb::source-text defense_branch romania "Army, Navy, Air and Air Defense Forces, Paramilitary Forces, Civil Defense" );; line 93166 (wfb::source-text manpower_availability romania "males age 15-49 5,934,524; males fit for military service 5,002,287; males reach military age (20) annually 196,587 (1995 est.)" );; line 93171 (wfb::source-text defense_expenditures romania "1,260 billion lei, 3% of GDP (1994); note - conversion of defense expenditures into US dollars using the current exchange rate could produce misleading results" );; line 93176 (wfb::source-text location russia "Northern Asia (that part west of the Urals is sometimes included with Europe), bordering the Arctic Ocean, between Europe and the North Pacific Ocean" );; line 93188 (wfb::source-text map_references russia "Asia" );; line 93194 (wfb::source-text area russia total_area "17,075,200 sq km" );; line 93199 (wfb::source-text area russia land_area "16,995,800 sq km" );; line 93201 (wfb::source-text area russia comparative_area "slightly more than 1.8 times the size of the US" );; line 93203 (wfb::source-text borders russia "total 20,139 km, Azerbaijan 284 km, Belarus 959 km, China (southeast) 3,605 km, China (south) 40 km, Estonia 290 km, Finland 1,313 km, Georgia 723 km, Kazakhstan 6,846 km, North Korea 19 km, Latvia 217 km, Lithuania (Kaliningrad Oblast) 227 km, Mongolia 3,441 km, Norway 167 km, Poland (Kaliningrad Oblast) 432 km, Ukraine 1,576 km" );; line 93207 (wfb::source-text coastline russia "37,653 km" );; line 93215 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims russia continental_shelf "200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation" );; line 93220 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims russia exclusive_economic_zone "200 nm" );; line 93222 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims russia territorial_sea "12 nm" );; line 93224 (wfb::source-text international_disputes russia "inherited disputes from former USSR including: sections of the boundary with China; islands of Etorofu, Kunashiri, and Shikotan and the Habomai group occupied by the Soviet Union in 1945, administered by Russia, claimed by Japan; maritime dispute with Norway over portion of the Barents Sea; Caspian Sea boundaries are not yet determined; potential dispute with Ukraine over Crimea; Estonia claims over 2,000 sq km of Russian territory in the Narva and Pechora regions; the Abrene section of the border ceded by the Latvian Soviet Socialist Republic to Russia in 1944; has made no territorial claim in Antarctica (but has reserved the right to do so) and does not recognize the claims of any other nation" );; line 93228 (wfb::source-text climate russia "ranges from steppes in the south through humid continental in much of European Russia; subarctic in Siberia to tundra climate in the polar north; winters vary from cool along Black Sea coast to frigid in Siberia; summers vary from warm in the steppes to cool along Arctic coast" );; line 93241 (wfb::source-text terrain russia "broad plain with low hills west of Urals; vast coniferous forest and tundra in Siberia; uplands and mountains along southern border regions" );; line 93248 (wfb::source-text natural-resource russia "wide natural resource base including major deposits of oil, natural gas, coal, and many strategic minerals, timber" );; line 93253 (wfb::source-text land_use russia arable_land "8%" );; line 93262 (wfb::source-text land_use russia permanent_crops "NEGL%" );; line 93264 (wfb::source-text land_use russia meadows_and_pastures "5%" );; line 93266 (wfb::source-text land_use russia forest_and_woodland "45%" );; line 93268 (wfb::source-text land_use russia other "42%" );; line 93270 (wfb::source-text irrigated_land russia "56,000 sq km (1992)" );; line 93274 (wfb::source-text environment russia current_issues "air pollution from heavy industry, emissions of coal-fired electric plants, and transportation in major cities; industrial and agricultural pollution of inland waterways and sea coasts; deforestation; soil erosion; soil contamination from improper application of agricultural chemicals; scattered areas of sometimes intense radioactive contamination" );; line 93279 (wfb::source-text environment russia natural_hazards "permafrost over much of Siberia is a major impediment to development; volcanic activity in the Kuril Islands; volcanoes and earthquakes on the Kamchatka Peninsula" );; line 93285 (wfb::source-text environment russia international_agreements "party to - Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Sulphur 85, Antarctic Treaty, Climate Change, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Marine Dumping, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Wetlands, Whaling; signed, but not ratified - Air Pollution-Sulphur 94, Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Biodiversity, Law of the Sea" );; line 93289 (wfb::source-text note russia "largest country in the world in terms of area but unfavorably located in relation to major sea lanes of the world; despite its size, much of the country lacks proper soils and climates (either too cold or too dry) for agriculture" );; line 93298 (wfb::source-text population russia "149,909,089 (July 1995 est.)" );; line 93307 (wfb::source-text age_structure russia 0-14_years "22% (female 16,208,640; male 16,784,017)" );; line 93315 (wfb::source-text age_structure russia 15-64_years "66% (female 50,711,209; male 48,247,101)" );; line 93317 (wfb::source-text age_structure russia 65_years_and_over "12% (female 12,557,447; male 5,400,675) (July 1995 est.)" );; line 93319 (wfb::source-text population_growth_rate russia "0.2% (1995 est.)" );; line 93323 (wfb::source-text birth_rate russia "12.64 births/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 93330 (wfb::source-text death_rate russia "11.36 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 93337 (wfb::source-text net_migration_rate russia "0.7 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 93344 (wfb::source-text infant_mortality_rate russia "26.4 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.)" );; line 93348 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth russia total_population "69.1 years" );; line 93356 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth russia male "64.1 years" );; line 93358 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth russia female "74.35 years (1995 est.)" );; line 93360 (wfb::source-text total_fertility_rate russia "1.82 children born/woman (1995 est.)" );; line 93367 (wfb::source-text nationality russia noun "Russian(s)" );; line 93372 (wfb::source-text nationality russia adjective "Russian" );; line 93374 (wfb::source-text ethnic-entity russia "Russian 81.5%, Tatar 3.8%, Ukrainian 3%, Chuvash 1.2%, Bashkir 0.9%, Byelorussian 0.8%, Moldavian 0.7%, other 8.1%" );; line 93378 (wfb::source-text religion russia "Russian Orthodox, Muslim, other" );; line 93383 (wfb::source-text language russia "Russian, other" );; line 93387 (wfb::source-text literacy russia "age 15 and over can read and write (1989)" );; line 93391 (wfb::source-text literacy russia total_population "98%" );; line 93393 (wfb::source-text literacy russia male "100%" );; line 93395 (wfb::source-text literacy russia female "97%" );; line 93397 (wfb::source-text total_labor_force russia "85 million (1993)" );; line 93401 (wfb::source-text labor_force_by_occupation russia by_occupation "production and economic services 83.9%, government 16.1%" );; line 93403 (wfb::source-text names russia conventional_long_form "Russian Federation" );; line 93409 (wfb::source-text names russia conventional_short_form "Russia" );; line 93411 (wfb::source-text names russia local_long_form "Rossiyskaya Federatsiya" );; line 93413 (wfb::source-text names russia local_short_form "Rossiya" );; line 93415 (wfb::source-text names russia former "Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic" );; line 93417 (wfb::source-text digraph russia "RS" );; line 93421 (wfb::source-text type russia "federation" );; line 93425 (wfb::source-text capital russia "Moscow" );; line 93429 (wfb::source-text administrative_divisions russia "21 autonomous republics (avtomnykh respublik, singular - avtomnaya respublika); Adygea (Maykop), Bashkortostan (Ufa), Buryatia (Ulan-Ude), Chechnya (Groznyy), Chuvashia (Cheboksary), Dagestan (Makhachkala), Gorno-Altay (Gorno-Altaysk), Ingushetia (Nazran'), Kabardino-Balkaria (Nal'chik), Kalmykia (Elista), Karachay-Cherkessia (Cherkessk), Karelia (Petrozavodsk), Khakassia (Abakan), Komi (Syktyvkar), Mari El (Yoshkar-Ola), Mordovia (Saransk), North Ossetia (Vladikavkaz), Tatarstan (Kazan'), Tuva (Kyzyl), Udmurtia (Izhevsk), Yakutia - also known as Sakha (Yakutsk); 49 oblasts (oblastey, singular - oblast'); Amur (Blagoveshchensk), Arkhangel'sk, Astrakhan', Belgorod, Bryansk, Chelyabinsk, Chita, Irkutsk, Ivanovo, Kaliningrad, Kaluga, Kamchatka (Petropavlovsk-Kamchatskiy), Kemerovo, Kirov, Kostroma, Kurgan, Kursk, Leningrad (St. Petersburg), Lipetsk, Magadan, Moscow, Murmansk, Nizhniy Novgorod, Novgorod, Novosibirsk, Omsk, Orel, Orenburg, Penza, Perm', Pskov, Rostov, Ryazan', Sakhalin (Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk), Samara, Saratov, Smolensk, Sverdlovsk (Yekaterinburg), Tambov, Tomsk, Tula, Tver', Tyumen', Ul'yanovsk, Vladimir, Volgograd, Vologda, Voronezh, Yaroslavl'; 6 krays (krayev, singular - kray); Altay (Barnaul), Khabarovsk, Krasnodar, Krasnoyarsk, Primorskiy (Vladivostok), Stavropol'; 10 autonomous okrugs; Aga (Aginskoye), Chukotka (Anadyr'), Evenkia (Tura), Khantia-Mansia (Khanty-Mansiysk), Koryakia (Palana), Nenetsia (Nar'yan-Mar), Permyakia (Kudymkar), Taymyria (Dudinka), Ust'-Onda (Ust'-Ordynskiy), Yamalia (Salekhard); 1 autonomous oblast (avtomnykh oblast'); Birobijan" );; line 93433 (wfb::source-text independence russia "24 August 1991 (from Soviet Union)" );; line 93464 (wfb::source-text national_holiday russia "Independence Day, June 12 (1990)" );; line 93468 (wfb::source-text constitution russia "adopted 12 December 1993" );; line 93472 (wfb::source-text legal_system russia "based on civil law system; judicial review of legislative acts" );; line 93476 (wfb::source-text suffrage russia "18 years of age; universal" );; line 93480 (wfb::source-text executive_branch russia chief_of_state "President Boris Nikolayevich YEL'TSIN (since 12 June 1991); election last held 12 June 1991 (next to be held NA 1996); results - percent of vote by party NA; note - no vice president; if the president dies in office, cannot exercise his powers because of ill health, is impeached, or resigns, the premier succeeds him; the premier serves as acting president until a new presidential election is held, which must be within three months" );; line 93485 (wfb::source-text executive_branch russia head_of_government "Premier and Chairman of the Council of Ministers Viktor Stepanovich CHERNOMYRDIN (since 14 December 1992); First Deputy Chairmen of the Council of Ministers Oleg SOSKOVETS (since 30 April 1993) and Anatoliy CHUBAYS (since 5 November 1994)" );; line 93492 (wfb::source-text executive_branch russia security_council "originally established as a presidential advisory body in June 1991, but restructured in March 1992 with responsibility for managing individual and state security" );; line 93497 (wfb::source-text executive_branch russia presidential_administration "drafts presidential edicts and provides staff and policy support to the entire executive branch" );; line 93501 (wfb::source-text executive_branch russia cabinet "Council of Ministers; appointed by the president" );; line 93504 (wfb::source-text executive_branch russia group_of_assistants "schedules president's appointments, processes presidential edicts and other official documents, and houses the president's press service and primary speechwriters" );; line 93506 (wfb::source-text executive_branch russia council_of_heads_of_republics "includes the leaders of the 21 ethnic-based Republics" );; line 93510 (wfb::source-text executive_branch russia council_of_heads_of_administrations "includes the leaders of the 66 autonomous territories and regions, and the mayors of Moscow and St. Petersburg" );; line 93512 (wfb::source-text executive_branch russia presidential_council "prepares policy papers for the president" );; line 93515 (wfb::source-text legislative_structure russia "bicameral Federal Assembly" );; line 93519 (wfb::source-text legislative_branch russia federation_council "elections last held 12 December 1993 (next to be held NA); results - two members elected from each of Russia's 89 territorial units for a total of 176 deputies; 2 seats unfilled as of 15 May 1994 (Chechnya did not participate in the election); Speaker Vladimir SHUMEYKO (Russia's Democratic Choice)" );; line 93521 (wfb::source-text legislative_branch russia state_duma "elections last held 12 December 1993 (next to be held NA December 1995); results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (450 total) Russia's Democratic Choice 78, New Regional Policy 66, Liberal Democrats 63, Agrarian Party 55, Communist Party of the Russian Federation 45, Unity and Accord 30, Yavlinskiy-Boldyrev-Lukin Bloc (Yabloko) 27, Women of Russia 23, Democratic Party of Russia 15, Russia's Path 12, other parties 23, affiliation unknown 12, unfilled (as of 13 March 1994; Chechnya did not participate in the election) 1; Speaker Ivan RYBKIN (Agrarian Party); note - as of 11 April 1995, seats were as follows: Russia's Democratic Choice 54, New Regional Policy 32, Liberal Democrats 54, Agrarian Party 51, Communist Party of the Russian Federation 45, Unity and Accord 25, Yavlinskiy-Boldyrev-Lukin Bloc (Yabloko) 28, Liberal Democratic Union of 12 December 9, Women of Russia 22, Democratic Party of Russia 10, Russia's Path 12, Duma 96 23, Russia 35, Stability 36, affiliation unknown 14" );; line 93527 (wfb::source-text judicial_branch russia "Constitutional Court, Supreme Court (highest court for criminal, civil, and administrative cases), Superior Court of Arbitration (highest court that resolves economic disputes)" );; line 93543 (wfb::source-text political_parties_and_leaders russia pro-market_democrats "Party of Russian Unity and Accord, Sergey SHAKHRAY; Russia's Democratic Choice Party, Yegor GAYDAR; Russian Movement for Democratic Reforms, Anatoliy SOBCHAK; Yavlinskiy-Boldyrev-Lukin Bloc (Yabloko), Grigoriy YAVLINSKIY; Liberal Democratic Union of 12 December, Boris FEDOROV" );; line 93550 (wfb::source-text political_parties_and_leaders russia centrists/special_interest_parties "Civic Union for Stability, Justice, and Progress, Arkadiy VOL'SKIY; Democratic Party of Russia, Sergey GLAZ'YEV; Women of Russia, Alevtina FEDULOVA; Social Democratic Peoples' Party, Vasiliy LIPITSKIY; New Regional Policy (NRP), Vladimir MEDVEDEV" );; line 93555 (wfb::source-text political_parties_and_leaders russia anti-market_and/or_ultranationalist_parties "Agrarian Party, Mikhail LAPSHIN; Communist Party of the Russian Federation, Gennadiy ZYUGANOV; Liberal Democratic Party of Russia, Vladimir ZHIRINOVSKIY; Derzhava, Aleksandr RUTSKOY" );; line 93560 (wfb::source-text other_political_or_pressure_groups russia "NA" );; line 93570 (wfb::source-text member_of russia "BSEC, CBSS, CCC, CE (guest), CERN (observer), CIS, EBRD, ECE, ESCAP, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, INMARSAT, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, IOM (observer), ISO, ITU, MINURSO, NACC, NSG, OAS (observer), OSCE, PCA, PFP, UN, UN Security Council, UNAMIR, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNIKOM, UNITAR, UNMIH, UNOMOZ, UNPROFOR, UNTSO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC" );; line 93574 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us russia chief_of_mission "Ambassador Sergey LAVROV" );; line 93583 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us russia chancery "2650 Wisconsin Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20007" );; line 93585 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us russia telephone "[1] (202) 298-5700 through 5704" );; line 93587 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us russia fax "[1] (202) 298-5735" );; line 93589 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us russia |consulate(s) general| "New York, San Francisco, and Seattle" );; line 93591 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation russia chief_of_mission "Ambassador Thomas R. PICKERING" );; line 93596 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation russia embassy "Novinskiy Bul'var 19/23, Moscow" );; line 93598 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation russia mailing_address "APO AE 09721" );; line 93600 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation russia telephone "[7] (095) 252-24-51 through 59" );; line 93602 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation russia fax "[7] (095) 956-42-61" );; line 93604 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation russia |consulate(s) general| "St. Petersburg, Vladivostok, Yekaterinburg" );; line 93606 (wfb::source-text flag russia "three equal horizontal bands of white (top), blue, and red" );; line 93610 (wfb::source-text overview russia "Russia, a vast country with a wealth of natural resources, a well-educated population, and a diverse industrial base, continues to experience formidable difficulties in moving from its old centrally planned economy to a modern market economy. President YEL'TSIN's government has made substantial strides in converting to a market economy since launching its economic reform program in January 1992 by freeing nearly all prices, slashing defense spending, eliminating the old centralized distribution system, completing an ambitious voucher privatization program, establishing private financial institutions, and decentralizing foreign trade. Russia, however, has made little progress in a number of key areas that are needed to provide a solid foundation for the transition to a market economy. Financial stabilization has remained elusive, with wide swings in monthly inflation rates. Only limited restructuring of industry has occurred so far because of a scarcity of investment funds and the failure of enterprise managers to make hard cost-cutting decisions. In addition, Moscow has yet to develop a social safety net that would allow faster restructuring by relieving enterprises of the burden of providing social benefits for their workers and has been slow to develop the legal framework necessary to fully support a market economy and to encourage foreign investment. As a result, output has continued to fall. According to Russian official data, which probably overstate the fall, GDP declined by 15% in 1994 compared with a 12% decline in 1993. Industrial output in 1994 fell 21% with all major sectors taking a hit. Agricultural production in 1994 was down 9%. The grain harvest totaled 81 million tons, some 15 million tons less than in 1993. Unemployment climbed to an estimated 6.6 million or about 7% of the work force by yearend 1994. Floundering Russian firms have already had to put another 4.8 million workers on involuntary, unpaid leave or shortened workweeks. Government fears of large-scale unemployment continued to hamper industrial restructuring efforts. According to official Russian data, real per capita income was up nearly 18% in 1994 compared with 1993, in part because many Russians are working second jobs. Most Russians perceive that they are worse off now because of growing crime and health problems and mounting wage arrears. Russia has made significant headway in privatizing state assets, completing its voucher privatization program at midyear 1994. At least a portion of about 110,000 state enterprises were transferred to private hands by the end of 1994. Including partially privatized firms, the private sector accounted for roughly half of GDP in 1994. Financial stabilization continued to remain a challenge for the government. Moscow tightened financial policies in late 1993 and early 1994, including postponing planned budget spending, and succeeded in reducing monthly inflation from 18% in January to about 5% in July and August. At midyear, however, the government relaxed austerity measures in the face of mounting pressure from industry and agriculture, sparking a new round of inflation; the monthly inflation rate jumped to roughly 15% per month during the fourth quarter. In response, Moscow announced a fairly tight government budget for 1995 designed to bring monthly inflation down to around 1% by the end of 1995. According to official statistics, Russia's 1994 trade with nations outside the former Soviet Union produced a $12.3 billion surplus, up from $11.3 billion in 1993. Foreign sales - comprised largely of oil, natural gas, and other raw materials - grew more than 8%. Imports also were up 8% as demand for food and other consumer goods surged. Russian trade with other former Soviet republics continued to decline. At the same time, Russia paid only a fraction of the roughly $20 billion in debt that came due in 1994, and by the end of the year, Russia's hard currency foreign debt had risen to nearly $100 billion. Moscow reached agreement to restructure debts with Paris Club official creditors in mid-1994 and concluded a preliminary deal with its commercial bank creditors late in the year to reschedule debts owed them in early 1995. Capital flight continued to be a serious problem in 1994, with billions of additional dollars in assets being moved abroad, primarily to bank accounts in Europe. Russia's physical plant continues to deteriorate because of insufficient maintenance and new construction. Plant and equipment on average are twice the age of the West's. Many years will pass before Russia can take full advantage of its natural resources and its human assets." );; line 93615 (wfb::source-text national_product russia "GDP - purchasing power parity - $721.2 billion (1994 estimate as extrapolated from World Bank estimate for 1992)" );; line 93680 (wfb::source-text national_product_real_growth_rate russia "-15% (1994 est.)" );; line 93685 (wfb::source-text national_product_per_capita russia "$4,820 (1994 est.)" );; line 93689 (wfb::source-text |Inflation rate (consumer prices)| russia "10% per month (average 1994)" );; line 93693 (wfb::source-text unemployment_rate russia "7.1% (December 1994) with considerable additional underemployment" );; line 93697 (wfb::source-text budget russia revenues "$NA" );; line 93702 (wfb::source-text budget russia expenditures "$NA, including capital expenditures of $NA" );; line 93704 (wfb::source-text exports russia "$48 billion (f.o.b., 1994)" );; line 93708 (wfb::source-text exports russia commodities "petroleum and petroleum products, natural gas, wood and wood products, metals, chemicals, and a wide variety of civilian and military manufactures" );; line 93710 (wfb::source-text exports russia partners "Europe, North America, Japan, Third World countries, Cuba" );; line 93714 (wfb::source-text imports russia "$35.7 billion (f.o.b., 1994)" );; line 93718 (wfb::source-text imports russia commodities "machinery and equipment, consumer goods, medicines, meat, grain, sugar, semifinished metal products" );; line 93720 (wfb::source-text imports russia partners "Europe, North America, Japan, Third World countries, Cuba" );; line 93723 (wfb::source-text external_debt russia "$95 billion-$100 billion (yearend 1994)" );; line 93727 (wfb::source-text industrial_production russia "growth rate -21% (1994)" );; line 93731 (wfb::source-text electricity russia capacity "213,100,000 KW" );; line 93736 (wfb::source-text electricity russia production "876 billion kWh" );; line 93738 (wfb::source-text electricity russia consumption_per_capita "5,800 kWh (1994)" );; line 93740 (wfb::source-text industry russia "complete range of mining and extractive industries producing coal, oil, gas, chemicals, and metals; all forms of machine building from rolling mills to high-performance aircraft and space vehicles; ship- building; road and rail transportation equipment; communications equipment; agricultural machinery, tractors, and construction equipment; electric power generating and transmitting equipment; medical and scientific instruments; consumer durables" );; line 93744 (wfb::source-text agriculture russia "grain, sugar beets, sunflower seeds, meat, milk, vegetables, fruits; because of its northern location does not grow citrus, cotton, tea, and other warm climate products" );; line 93753 (wfb::source-text illicit_drugs russia "illicit cultivator of cannabis and opium poppy; mostly for domestic consumption; government has active eradication program; used as transshipment point for Asian and Latin American illicit drugs to Western Europe and Latin America" );; line 93759 (wfb::source-text economic_aid russia recipient "US commitments, including Ex-Im (1990-94), $15 billion; other countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1990-93), $120 billion" );; line 93767 (wfb::source-text currency russia "1 ruble (R) = 100 kopeks" );; line 93772 (wfb::source-text exchange_rates russia "rubles per US$1 - 3,550 (29 December 1994), 1,247 (27 December 1993); nominal exchange rate still deteriorating but real exchange rate holding steady" );; line 93776 (wfb::source-text fiscal_year russia "calendar year" );; line 93782 (wfb::source-text railroads russia total "154,000 km; note - 87,000 km in common carrier service (49,000 km diesel; and 38,000 km electrified); 67,000 km serve specific industries and are not available for common carrier use" );; line 93788 (wfb::source-text railroads russia broad_gauge "154,000 km 1.520-m gauge (1 January 1994)" );; line 93792 (wfb::source-text highways russia total "934,000 km (445,000 km serve specific industries or farms and are not available for common carrier use)" );; line 93797 (wfb::source-text highways russia paved_and_graveled "725,000 km" );; line 93800 (wfb::source-text highways russia unpaved "209,000 km (1 January 1994)" );; line 93802 (wfb::source-text inland_waterways russia "total navigable routes in general use 101,000 km; routes with navigation guides serving the Russian River Fleet 95,900 km; of which routes with night navigational aids 60,400 km; man-made navigable routes 16,900 km (1 January 1994)" );; line 93806 (wfb::source-text pipelines russia "crude oil 48,000 km; petroleum products 15,000 km; natural gas 140,000 km (30 June 1993)" );; line 93813 (wfb::source-text port russia "Arkhangel'sk, Astrakhan', Kaliningrad, Kazan', Khabarovsk, Kholmsk, Krasnoyarsk, Moscow, Murmansk, Nakhodka, Nevel'sk, Novorossiysk, Petropavlovsk, St. Petersburg, Rostov, Sochi, Tuapse, Vladivostok, Volgograd, Vostochnyy, Vyborg" );; line 93818 (wfb::source-text merchant_marine russia total "800 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 7,295,109 GRT/10,128,579 DWT" );; line 93826 (wfb::source-text merchant_marine russia ships_by_type "barge carrier 2, bulk cargo 26, cargo 424, chemical tanker 7, combination bulk 22, combination ore/oil 16, container 81, multifunction large-load carrier 3, oil tanker 111, passenger 4, passenger-cargo 5, refrigerated cargo 19, roll-on/roll-off cargo 62, short-sea passenger 16, specialized tanker 2" );; line 93829 (wfb::source-text airports russia total "2,517" );; line 93843 (wfb::source-text airports russia |with paved runways over 3,047 m| "54" );; line 93845 (wfb::source-text airports russia |with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m| "202" );; line 93847 (wfb::source-text airports russia |with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m| "108" );; line 93849 (wfb::source-text airports russia |with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m| "115" );; line 93851 (wfb::source-text airports russia with_paved_runways_under_914_m "151" );; line 93853 (wfb::source-text airports russia |with unpaved runways over 3,047 m| "25" );; line 93855 (wfb::source-text airports russia |with unpaved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m| "45" );; line 93857 (wfb::source-text airports russia |with unpaved runways 1,524 to 2,438 m| "134" );; line 93859 (wfb::source-text airports russia |with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m| "291" );; line 93861 (wfb::source-text airports russia with_unpaved_runways_under_914_m "1,392" );; line 93863 (wfb::source-text telephone_system russia "24,400,000 telephones; 20,900,000 telephones in urban areas and 3,500,000 telephones in rural areas; of these, total installed in homes 15,400,000; total pay phones for long distant calls 34,100; about 164 telephones/1,000 persons; Russia is enlisting foreign help, by means of joint ventures, to speed up the modernization of its telecommunications system; in 1992, only 661,000 new telephones were installed compared with 855,000 in 1991, and in 1992 the number of unsatisfied applications for telephones reached 11,000,000; expanded access to international E-mail service available via Sprint network; the inadequacy of Russian telecommunications is a severe handicap to the economy, especially with respect to international connections" );; line 93868 (wfb::source-text telephone_system russia local "NMT-450 analog cellular telephone networks are operational and growing in Moscow and St. Petersburg" );; line 93879 (wfb::source-text telephone_system russia intercity "intercity fiberoptic cable installation remains limited" );; line 93882 (wfb::source-text telephone_system russia international "international traffic is handled by an inadequate system of satellites, land lines, microwave radio relay and outdated submarine cables; this traffic passes through the international gateway switch in Moscow which carries most of the international traffic for the other countries of the Commonwealth of Independent States; a new Russian Raduga satellite will link Moscow and St. Petersburg with Rome from whence calls will be relayed to destinations in Europe and overseas; satellite earth stations - INTELSAT, Intersputnik, Eutelsat (Moscow), INMARSAT, Orbita" );; line 93884 (wfb::source-text radio russia broadcast_stations "AM 1,050, FM 1,050, shortwave 1,050" );; line 93896 (wfb::source-text radio russia radios "48.8 million (radio receivers with multiple speaker systems for program diffusion 74,300,000)" );; line 93898 (wfb::source-text television russia broadcast_stations "7,183" );; line 93904 (wfb::source-text television russia televisions "54.2 million" );; line 93906 (wfb::source-text defense_branch russia "Ground Forces, Navy, Air Forces, Air Defense Forces, Strategic Rocket Forces" );; line 93912 (wfb::source-text manpower_availability russia "males age 15-49 38,264,699; males fit for military service 29,951,977; males reach military age (18) annually 1,106,176 (1995 est.)" );; line 93917 (wfb::source-text defense_expenditures russia "$NA, NA% of GDP" );; line 93922 (wfb::source-text location rwanda "Central Africa, east of Zaire" );; line 93940 (wfb::source-text map_references rwanda "Africa" );; line 93944 (wfb::source-text area rwanda total_area "26,340 sq km" );; line 93949 (wfb::source-text area rwanda land_area "24,950 sq km" );; line 93951 (wfb::source-text area rwanda comparative_area "slightly smaller than Maryland" );; line 93953 (wfb::source-text borders rwanda "total 893 km, Burundi 290 km, Tanzania 217 km, Uganda 169 km, Zaire 217 km" );; line 93957 (wfb::source-text coastline rwanda "0 km (landlocked)" );; line 93962 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims rwanda "none; landlocked" );; line 93966 (wfb::source-text international_disputes rwanda "none" );; line 93970 (wfb::source-text climate rwanda "temperate; two rainy seasons (February to April, November to January); mild in mountains with frost and snow possible" );; line 93974 (wfb::source-text terrain rwanda "mostly grassy uplands and hills; relief is mountainous with altitude declining from west to east" );; line 93979 (wfb::source-text natural-resource rwanda "gold, cassiterite (tin ore), wolframite (tungsten ore), natural gas, hydropower" );; line 93984 (wfb::source-text land_use rwanda arable_land "29%" );; line 93990 (wfb::source-text land_use rwanda permanent_crops "11%" );; line 93992 (wfb::source-text land_use rwanda meadows_and_pastures "18%" );; line 93994 (wfb::source-text land_use rwanda forest_and_woodland "10%" );; line 93996 (wfb::source-text land_use rwanda other "32%" );; line 93998 (wfb::source-text irrigated_land rwanda "40 sq km (1989 est.)" );; line 94002 (wfb::source-text environment rwanda current_issues "deforestation results from uncontrolled cutting of trees for fuel; overgrazing; soil exhaustion; soil erosion" );; line 94007 (wfb::source-text environment rwanda natural_hazards "periodic droughts; the volcanic Virunga mountains are in the northwest along the border with Zaire" );; line 94010 (wfb::source-text environment rwanda international_agreements "party to - Endangered Species, Nuclear Test Ban; signed, but not ratified - Biodiversity, Climate Change, Law of the Sea" );; line 94013 (wfb::source-text note rwanda "landlocked; predominantly rural population" );; line 94018 (wfb::source-text population rwanda "8,605,307 (July 1995 est.)" );; line 94024 (wfb::source-text age_structure rwanda 0-14_years "51% (female 2,184,549; male 2,201,049)" );; line 94033 (wfb::source-text age_structure rwanda 15-64_years "47% (female 2,034,278; male 1,968,298)" );; line 94035 (wfb::source-text age_structure rwanda 65_years_and_over "2% (female 126,255; male 90,878) (July 1995 est.)" );; line 94037 (wfb::source-text population_growth_rate rwanda "2.67% (1995 est.)" );; line 94041 (wfb::source-text birth_rate rwanda "48.52 births/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 94045 (wfb::source-text death_rate rwanda "21.82 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 94049 (wfb::source-text net_migration_rate rwanda "NA migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 94053 (wfb::source-text infant_mortality_rate rwanda "118.1 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.)" );; line 94065 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth rwanda total_population "39.33 years" );; line 94070 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth rwanda male "38.5 years" );; line 94072 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth rwanda female "40.19 years (1995 est.)" );; line 94074 (wfb::source-text total_fertility_rate rwanda "8.12 children born/woman (1995 est.)" );; line 94078 (wfb::source-text nationality rwanda noun "Rwandan(s)" );; line 94083 (wfb::source-text nationality rwanda adjective "Rwandan" );; line 94085 (wfb::source-text ethnic-entity rwanda "Hutu 90%, Tutsi 9%, Twa (Pygmoid) 1%" );; line 94089 (wfb::source-text religion rwanda "Roman Catholic 65%, Protestant 9%, Muslim 1%, indigenous beliefs and other 25%" );; line 94093 (wfb::source-text language rwanda "Kinyarwanda (official), French (official), Kiswahili used in commercial centers" );; line 94098 (wfb::source-text literacy rwanda "age 15 and over can read and write (1990 est.)" );; line 94103 (wfb::source-text literacy rwanda total_population "50%" );; line 94105 (wfb::source-text literacy rwanda male "64%" );; line 94107 (wfb::source-text literacy rwanda female "37%" );; line 94109 (wfb::source-text total_labor_force rwanda "3.6 million" );; line 94113 (wfb::source-text labor_force_by_occupation rwanda by_occupation "agriculture 93%, government and services 5%, industry and commerce 2%" );; line 94115 (wfb::source-text names rwanda conventional_long_form "Republic of Rwanda" );; line 94122 (wfb::source-text names rwanda conventional_short_form "Rwanda" );; line 94124 (wfb::source-text names rwanda local_long_form "Republika y'u Rwanda" );; line 94126 (wfb::source-text names rwanda local_short_form "Rwanda" );; line 94128 (wfb::source-text digraph rwanda "RW" );; line 94132 (wfb::source-text type rwanda "republic; presidential system" );; line 94136 (wfb::source-text capital rwanda "Kigali" );; line 94143 (wfb::source-text administrative_divisions rwanda "10 prefectures (prefectures, singular - prefecture in French; plural - NA, singular - prefegitura in Kinyarwanda); Butare, Byumba, Cyangugu, Gikongoro, Gisenyi, Gitarama, Kibungo, Kibuye, Kigali, Ruhengeri" );; line 94147 (wfb::source-text independence rwanda "1 July 1962 (from Belgium-administered UN trusteeship)" );; line 94153 (wfb::source-text national_holiday rwanda "Independence Day, 1 July (1962)" );; line 94157 (wfb::source-text constitution rwanda "18 June 1991" );; line 94161 (wfb::source-text legal_system rwanda "based on German and Belgian civil law systems and customary law; judicial review of legislative acts in the Supreme Court; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction" );; line 94165 (wfb::source-text suffrage rwanda "NA years of age; universal adult" );; line 94171 (wfb::source-text executive_branch rwanda chief_of_state "President Pasteur BIZIMUNGU (since 19 July 1994); took office following the siezure of the government by the Tutsi Rwandan Patriotic Front and the exiling of interim President Dr. Theodore SINDIKUBWABO; no future election dates have been set" );; line 94176 (wfb::source-text executive_branch rwanda head_of_government "Prime Minister Faustin TWAGIRAMUNGU (since the siezure of power by the Tutsi Rwandan Patriotic Front in July 1994)" );; line 94181 (wfb::source-text executive_branch rwanda cabinet "Council of Ministers; appointed by the president" );; line 94184 (wfb::source-text legislative_structure rwanda "unicameral" );; line 94188 (wfb::source-text legislative_branch rwanda national_development_council "(Conseil National de Developpement) elections last held 19 December 1988 (next to be held NA 1995); results - MRND was the only party; seats - (70 total) MRND 70" );; line 94190 (wfb::source-text judicial_branch rwanda "Constitutional Court consists of the Court of Cassation and the Council of State in joint session" );; line 94196 (wfb::source-text political_parties_and_leaders rwanda "Rwandan Patriotic Front (RPF), Alexis KANYARENGWE, Chairman; National Revolutionary Movement for Democracy and Development (MRND); significant independent parties include: Democratic Republican Movement (MDR); Liberal Party (PL); Democratic and Socialist Party (PSD); Coalition for the Defense of the Republic (CDR); Party for Democracy in Rwanda (PADER); Christian Democratic Party (PDL)" );; line 94201 (wfb::source-text other_political_or_pressure_groups rwanda "Rwanda Patriotic Army (RPA), the RPF military wing, Maj. Gen. Paul KAGAME, commander;" );; line 94213 (wfb::source-text member_of rwanda "ACCT, ACP, AfDB, CCC, CEEAC, CEPGL, ECA, FAO, G-77, GATT, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, ITU, NAM, OAU, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCL, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO" );; line 94218 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us rwanda chief_of_mission "(vacant); Charge d'Affaires ad interim Joseph W. MUTABOBA" );; line 94225 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us rwanda chancery "1714 New Hampshire Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20009" );; line 94227 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us rwanda telephone "[1] (202) 232-2882" );; line 94229 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us rwanda fax "[1] (202) 232-4544" );; line 94231 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation rwanda chief_of_mission "Ambassador David P. RAWSON" );; line 94238 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation rwanda embassy "Boulevard de la Revolution, Kigali" );; line 94240 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation rwanda mailing_address "B. P. 28, Kigali" );; line 94242 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation rwanda telephone "[250] 756 01 through 03" );; line 94244 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation rwanda fax "[250] 721 28" );; line 94246 (wfb::source-text flag rwanda "three equal vertical bands of red (hoist side), yellow, and green with a large black letter R centered in the yellow band; uses the popular pan-African colors of Ethiopia; similar to the flag of Guinea, which has a plain yellow band" );; line 94250 (wfb::source-text overview rwanda "Rwanda is a poor African nation suffering bitterly from ethnic-based civil war. Almost 50% of GDP comes from the agricultural sector; coffee and tea make up 80%-90% of total exports. The amount of fertile land is limited, however, and deforestation and soil erosion continue to create problems. The industrial sector in Rwanda is small, contributing only 17% to GDP. Manufacturing focuses mainly on the processing of agricultural products. The Rwandan economy remains dependent on coffee/tea exports and foreign aid. Weak international prices since 1986 have caused the economy to contract and per capita GDP to decline. A structural adjustment program with the World Bank began in October 1990. Ethnic-based insurgency since 1990 has devastated wide areas, especially in the north, and displaced hundreds of thousands of people. A peace accord in mid-1993 temporarily ended most of the fighting, but massive resumption of civil warfare in April 1994 in the capital city Kigali and elsewhere has been taking thousands of lives and severely affecting short-term economic prospects. The economy suffers massively from failure to maintain the infrastructure, looting, neglect of important cash crops, and lack of health care facilities." );; line 94258 (wfb::source-text national_product rwanda "GDP - purchasing power parity - $7.9 billion (1993 est.)" );; line 94278 (wfb::source-text national_product_real_growth_rate rwanda "-8% (1993 est.)" );; line 94282 (wfb::source-text national_product_per_capita rwanda "$950 (1993 est.)" );; line 94286 (wfb::source-text |Inflation rate (consumer prices)| rwanda "NA%" );; line 94290 (wfb::source-text unemployment_rate rwanda "NA%" );; line 94294 (wfb::source-text budget rwanda revenues "$350 million" );; line 94299 (wfb::source-text budget rwanda expenditures "$NA, including capital expenditures of $NA (1992 est.)" );; line 94301 (wfb::source-text exports rwanda "$44 million (f.o.b., 1993 est.)" );; line 94305 (wfb::source-text exports rwanda commodities "coffee 63%, tea, cassiterite, wolframite, pyrethrum" );; line 94307 (wfb::source-text exports rwanda partners "Germany, Belgium, Italy, Uganda, UK, France, US" );; line 94309 (wfb::source-text imports rwanda "$250 million (f.o.b., 1993 est.)" );; line 94313 (wfb::source-text imports rwanda commodities "textiles, foodstuffs, machines and equipment, capital goods, steel, petroleum products, cement and construction material" );; line 94315 (wfb::source-text imports rwanda partners "US, Belgium, Germany, Kenya, Japan" );; line 94318 (wfb::source-text external_debt rwanda "$873 million (1993 est.)" );; line 94322 (wfb::source-text industrial_production rwanda "growth rate -2.2% (1991); accounts for 17% of GDP" );; line 94326 (wfb::source-text electricity rwanda capacity "60,000 kW" );; line 94331 (wfb::source-text electricity rwanda production "190 million kWh" );; line 94333 (wfb::source-text electricity rwanda consumption_per_capita "23 kWh (1993)" );; line 94335 (wfb::source-text industry rwanda "mining of cassiterite (tin ore) and wolframite (tungsten ore), tin, cement, agricultural processing, small-scale beverage production, soap, furniture, shoes, plastic goods, textiles, cigarettes" );; line 94339 (wfb::source-text agriculture rwanda "cash crops - coffee, tea, pyrethrum (insecticide made from chrysanthemums); main food crops - bananas, beans, sorghum, potatoes; stock raising" );; line 94345 (wfb::source-text economic_aid rwanda recipient "US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-89), $128 million; Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-89), $2 billion; OPEC bilateral aid (1979-89), $45 million; Communist countries (1970-89), $58 million" );; line 94351 (wfb::source-text currency rwanda "1 Rwandan franc (RF) = 100 centimes" );; line 94362 (wfb::source-text exchange_rates rwanda "Rwandan francs (RF) per US$1 - 144.3 (3rd quarter 1994), 144.25 (1993), 133.35 (1992), 125.14 (1991), 82.60 (1990)" );; line 94366 (wfb::source-text fiscal_year rwanda "calendar year" );; line 94371 (wfb::source-text railroads rwanda "0 km" );; line 94376 (wfb::source-text highways rwanda total "4,885 km" );; line 94381 (wfb::source-text highways rwanda paved "880 km" );; line 94383 (wfb::source-text highways rwanda unpaved "gravel, sand and gravel 1,305 km; unimproved earth 2,700 km" );; line 94385 (wfb::source-text inland_waterways rwanda "Lac Kivu navigable by shallow-draft barges and native craft" );; line 94389 (wfb::source-text port rwanda "Cyangugu, Gisenyi, Kibuye" );; line 94393 (wfb::source-text airports rwanda total "7" );; line 94398 (wfb::source-text airports rwanda |with paved runways over 3,047 m| "1" );; line 94400 (wfb::source-text airports rwanda |with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m| "2" );; line 94402 (wfb::source-text airports rwanda with_paved_runways_under_914_m "3" );; line 94404 (wfb::source-text airports rwanda |with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m| "1" );; line 94406 (wfb::source-text telephone_system rwanda "NA telephones; telephone system does not provide service to the general public but is intended for business and government use" );; line 94411 (wfb::source-text telephone_system rwanda local "NA" );; line 94414 (wfb::source-text telephone_system rwanda intercity "the capital, Kigali, is connected to the centers of the prefectures by microwave radio relay; the remainder of the network depends on wire and high frequency radio" );; line 94416 (wfb::source-text telephone_system rwanda international "international connections employ microwave radio relay to neighboring countries and satellite communications to more distant countries; 1 INTELSAT (Indian Ocean) and 1 SYMPHONIE earth station in Kigali (includes telex and telefax service)" );; line 94420 (wfb::source-text radio rwanda broadcast_stations "AM 1, FM 1, shortwave 0" );; line 94428 (wfb::source-text radio rwanda radios "NA" );; line 94430 (wfb::source-text television rwanda broadcast_stations "1" );; line 94435 (wfb::source-text television rwanda televisions "NA" );; line 94437 (wfb::source-text defense_branch rwanda "Army, Gendarmerie" );; line 94443 (wfb::source-text manpower_availability rwanda "males age 15-49 1,792,326; males fit for military service 913,711 (1995 est.)" );; line 94447 (wfb::source-text defense_expenditures rwanda "exchange rate conversion - $112.5 million, 7% of GDP (1992)" );; line 94452 (wfb::source-text location saint_helena "Southern Africa, island in the South Atlantic Ocean, west of Angola, about two-thirds of the way from South America to Africa" );; line 94464 (wfb::source-text map_references saint_helena "Africa" );; line 94469 (wfb::source-text area saint_helena total_area "410 sq km" );; line 94474 (wfb::source-text area saint_helena land_area "410 sq km" );; line 94476 (wfb::source-text area saint_helena comparative_area "slightly more than 2.3 times the size of Washington, DC" );; line 94478 (wfb::source-text borders saint_helena "0 km" );; line 94485 (wfb::source-text coastline saint_helena "60 km" );; line 94489 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims saint_helena exclusive_fishing_zone "200 nm" );; line 94494 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims saint_helena territorial_sea "12 nm" );; line 94496 (wfb::source-text international_disputes saint_helena "none" );; line 94500 (wfb::source-text climate saint_helena "tropical; marine; mild, tempered by trade winds" );; line 94504 (wfb::source-text terrain saint_helena "rugged, volcanic; small scattered plateaus and plains" );; line 94508 (wfb::source-text natural-resource saint_helena "fish; Ascension is a breeding ground for sea turtles and sooty terns, no minerals" );; line 94512 (wfb::source-text land_use saint_helena arable_land "7%" );; line 94518 (wfb::source-text land_use saint_helena permanent_crops "0%" );; line 94520 (wfb::source-text land_use saint_helena meadows_and_pastures "7%" );; line 94522 (wfb::source-text land_use saint_helena forest_and_woodland "3%" );; line 94524 (wfb::source-text land_use saint_helena other "83%" );; line 94526 (wfb::source-text irrigated_land saint_helena "NA sq km" );; line 94530 (wfb::source-text environment saint_helena current_issues "NA" );; line 94535 (wfb::source-text environment saint_helena natural_hazards "active volcanism on Tristan da Cunha" );; line 94537 (wfb::source-text environment saint_helena international_agreements "NA" );; line 94539 (wfb::source-text note saint_helena "Napoleon Bonaparte's place of exile and burial (the remains were taken to Paris in 1840); harbors at least 40 species of plants unknown anywhere else in the world" );; line 94543 (wfb::source-text population saint_helena "6,762 (July 1995 est.)" );; line 94551 (wfb::source-text age_structure saint_helena 0-14_years "NA" );; line 94556 (wfb::source-text age_structure saint_helena 15-64_years "NA" );; line 94558 (wfb::source-text age_structure saint_helena 65_years_and_over "NA" );; line 94560 (wfb::source-text population_growth_rate saint_helena "0.31% (1995 est.)" );; line 94564 (wfb::source-text birth_rate saint_helena "9.5 births/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 94568 (wfb::source-text death_rate saint_helena "6.43 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 94572 (wfb::source-text net_migration_rate saint_helena "0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 94576 (wfb::source-text infant_mortality_rate saint_helena "36.1 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.)" );; line 94580 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth saint_helena total_population "75.07 years" );; line 94585 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth saint_helena male "73.01 years" );; line 94587 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth saint_helena female "76.89 years (1995 est.)" );; line 94589 (wfb::source-text total_fertility_rate saint_helena "1.13 children born/woman (1995 est.)" );; line 94593 (wfb::source-text nationality saint_helena noun "Saint Helenian(s)" );; line 94598 (wfb::source-text nationality saint_helena adjective "Saint Helenian" );; line 94600 (wfb::source-text ethnic-entity saint_helena "NA" );; line 94604 (wfb::source-text religion saint_helena "Anglican (majority), Baptist, Seventh-Day Adventist, Roman Catholic" );; line 94608 (wfb::source-text language saint_helena "English" );; line 94613 (wfb::source-text literacy saint_helena "age 20 and over can read and write (1987)" );; line 94617 (wfb::source-text literacy saint_helena total_population "97%" );; line 94619 (wfb::source-text literacy saint_helena male "97%" );; line 94621 (wfb::source-text literacy saint_helena female "98%" );; line 94623 (wfb::source-text total_labor_force saint_helena "2,516" );; line 94627 (wfb::source-text labor_force_by_occupation saint_helena by_occupation "professional, technical, and related workers 8.7%, managerial, administrative, and clerical 12.8%, sales people 8.1%, farmer, fishermen, etc. 5.4%, craftspersons, production process workers 14.7%, others 50.3% (1987)" );; line 94629 (wfb::source-text names saint_helena conventional_long_form "none" );; line 94637 (wfb::source-text names saint_helena conventional_short_form "Saint Helena" );; line 94639 (wfb::source-text digraph saint_helena "SH" );; line 94643 (wfb::source-text type saint_helena "dependent territory of the UK" );; line 94647 (wfb::source-text capital saint_helena "Jamestown" );; line 94651 (wfb::source-text administrative_divisions saint_helena "1 administrative area and 2 dependencies*; Ascension*, Saint Helena, Tristan da Cunha*" );; line 94655 (wfb::source-text independence saint_helena "none (dependent territory of the UK)" );; line 94660 (wfb::source-text national_holiday saint_helena "Celebration of the Birthday of the Queen, 10 June 1989 (second Saturday in June)" );; line 94664 (wfb::source-text constitution saint_helena "1 January 1989" );; line 94669 (wfb::source-text legal_system saint_helena "NA" );; line 94673 (wfb::source-text suffrage saint_helena "NA" );; line 94677 (wfb::source-text executive_branch saint_helena chief_of_state "Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952)" );; line 94682 (wfb::source-text executive_branch saint_helena head_of_government "Governor A. N. HOOLE (since NA 1991)" );; line 94684 (wfb::source-text executive_branch saint_helena cabinet "Executive Council" );; line 94686 (wfb::source-text legislative_structure saint_helena "unicameral" );; line 94690 (wfb::source-text legislative_branch saint_helena legislative_council "elections last held July 1993 (next to be held NA); results - percent of vote NA; seats - (15 total, 12 elected) independents 15" );; line 94692 (wfb::source-text judicial_branch saint_helena "Supreme Court" );; line 94697 (wfb::source-text political_parties_and_leaders saint_helena "none" );; line 94701 (wfb::source-text member_of saint_helena "ICFTU" );; line 94705 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us saint_helena "none (dependent territory of the UK)" );; line 94709 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation saint_helena "none (dependent territory of the UK)" );; line 94713 (wfb::source-text flag saint_helena "blue with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side quadrant and the Saint Helenian shield centered on the outer half of the flag; the shield features a rocky coastline and three-masted sailing ship" );; line 94717 (wfb::source-text overview saint_helena "The economy depends primarily on financial assistance from the UK. The local population earns some income from fishing, the raising of livestock, and sales of handicrafts. Because there are few jobs, a large proportion of the work force has left to seek employment overseas." );; line 94724 (wfb::source-text national_product saint_helena "GDP $NA" );; line 94731 (wfb::source-text national_product_real_growth_rate saint_helena "NA%" );; line 94735 (wfb::source-text national_product_per_capita saint_helena "$NA" );; line 94739 (wfb::source-text |Inflation rate (consumer prices)| saint_helena "-1.1% (1986)" );; line 94743 (wfb::source-text unemployment_rate saint_helena "NA%" );; line 94747 (wfb::source-text budget saint_helena revenues "$11.2 million" );; line 94752 (wfb::source-text budget saint_helena expenditures "$11 million, including capital expenditures of $NA (FY92/93)" );; line 94754 (wfb::source-text exports saint_helena "$27,400 (f.o.b., FY92/93)" );; line 94758 (wfb::source-text exports saint_helena commodities "fish (frozen and salt-dried skipjack, tuna), handicrafts" );; line 94760 (wfb::source-text exports saint_helena partners "South Africa, UK" );; line 94762 (wfb::source-text imports saint_helena "$9.8 million (c.i.f., FY92/93)" );; line 94766 (wfb::source-text imports saint_helena commodities "food, beverages, tobacco, fuel oils, animal feed, building materials, motor vehicles and parts, machinery and parts" );; line 94768 (wfb::source-text imports saint_helena partners "UK, South Africa" );; line 94771 (wfb::source-text external_debt saint_helena "$NA" );; line 94775 (wfb::source-text industrial_production saint_helena "growth rate NA%" );; line 94779 (wfb::source-text electricity saint_helena capacity "9,800 kW" );; line 94784 (wfb::source-text electricity saint_helena production "10 million kWh" );; line 94786 (wfb::source-text electricity saint_helena consumption_per_capita "NA kWh (1993)" );; line 94788 (wfb::source-text industry saint_helena "crafts (furniture, lacework, fancy woodwork), fishing" );; line 94792 (wfb::source-text agriculture saint_helena "maize, potatoes, vegetables; timber production being developed; crawfishing on Tristan da Cunha" );; line 94796 (wfb::source-text economic_aid saint_helena recipient "Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1992-93), $13.5 million" );; line 94802 (wfb::source-text currency saint_helena "1 Saint Helenian pound (#S) = 100 pence" );; line 94807 (wfb::source-text exchange_rates saint_helena "Saint Helenian pounds (#S) per US$1 - 0.6350 (January 1995), 0.6529 (1994), 0.6033 (1993), 0.5664 (1992), 0.5652 (1991), 0.5603 (1990); note - the Saint Helenian pound is at par with the British pound" );; line 94811 (wfb::source-text fiscal_year saint_helena "1 April - 31 March" );; line 94817 (wfb::source-text railroads saint_helena "0 km" );; line 94822 (wfb::source-text highways saint_helena total "NA (mainland 107 km, Ascension NA, Tristan da Cunha NA)" );; line 94827 (wfb::source-text highways saint_helena paved "169.7 km (mainland 87 km, Ascension 80 km, Tristan da Cunha 2.70 km)" );; line 94829 (wfb::source-text highways saint_helena unpaved "NA (mainland 20 km earth roads, Ascension NA, Tristan da Cunha NA)" );; line 94832 (wfb::source-text port saint_helena "Georgetown, Jamestown" );; line 94837 (wfb::source-text merchant_marine saint_helena "none" );; line 94841 (wfb::source-text airports saint_helena total "1" );; line 94846 (wfb::source-text airports saint_helena |with paved runways over 3,047 m| "1" );; line 94848 (wfb::source-text telephone_system saint_helena "550 telephones; automatic network" );; line 94853 (wfb::source-text telephone_system saint_helena local "NA" );; line 94855 (wfb::source-text telephone_system saint_helena intercity "HF radio links to Ascension, then into worldwide submarine cable and satellite networks" );; line 94857 (wfb::source-text telephone_system saint_helena international "major coaxial submarine cable relay point between South Africa, Portugal, and UK at Ascension; 2 INTELSAT (Atlantic Ocean) earth stations" );; line 94860 (wfb::source-text radio saint_helena broadcast_stations "AM 1, FM 0, shortwave 0" );; line 94866 (wfb::source-text radio saint_helena radios "1,500" );; line 94868 (wfb::source-text television saint_helena broadcast_stations "0" );; line 94873 (wfb::source-text television saint_helena televisions "NA" );; line 94875 (wfb::source-text note saint_helena "defense is the responsibility of the UK" );; line 94881 (wfb::source-text location saint_kitts_and_nevis "Caribbean, islands in the Caribbean Sea, about one-third of the way from Puerto Rico to Trinidad and Tobago" );; line 94891 (wfb::source-text map_references saint_kitts_and_nevis "Central America and the Caribbean" );; line 94896 (wfb::source-text area saint_kitts_and_nevis total_area "269 sq km" );; line 94901 (wfb::source-text area saint_kitts_and_nevis land_area "269 sq km" );; line 94903 (wfb::source-text area saint_kitts_and_nevis comparative_area "slightly more than 1.5 times the size of Washington, DC" );; line 94905 (wfb::source-text borders saint_kitts_and_nevis "0 km" );; line 94909 (wfb::source-text coastline saint_kitts_and_nevis "135 km" );; line 94913 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims saint_kitts_and_nevis contiguous_zone "24 nm" );; line 94918 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims saint_kitts_and_nevis exclusive_economic_zone "200 nm or to the edge of the continental margin" );; line 94920 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims saint_kitts_and_nevis territorial_sea "12 nm" );; line 94922 (wfb::source-text international_disputes saint_kitts_and_nevis "none" );; line 94926 (wfb::source-text climate saint_kitts_and_nevis "subtropical tempered by constant sea breezes; little seasonal temperature variation; rainy season (May to November)" );; line 94930 (wfb::source-text terrain saint_kitts_and_nevis "volcanic with mountainous interiors" );; line 94935 (wfb::source-text natural-resource saint_kitts_and_nevis "negligible" );; line 94939 (wfb::source-text land_use saint_kitts_and_nevis arable_land "22%" );; line 94944 (wfb::source-text land_use saint_kitts_and_nevis permanent_crops "17%" );; line 94946 (wfb::source-text land_use saint_kitts_and_nevis meadows_and_pastures "3%" );; line 94948 (wfb::source-text land_use saint_kitts_and_nevis forest_and_woodland "17%" );; line 94950 (wfb::source-text land_use saint_kitts_and_nevis other "41%" );; line 94952 (wfb::source-text irrigated_land saint_kitts_and_nevis "NA sq km" );; line 94956 (wfb::source-text environment saint_kitts_and_nevis current_issues "NA" );; line 94961 (wfb::source-text environment saint_kitts_and_nevis natural_hazards "hurricanes (July to October)" );; line 94963 (wfb::source-text environment saint_kitts_and_nevis international_agreements "party to - Biodiversity, Climate Change, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Whaling" );; line 94965 (wfb::source-text population saint_kitts_and_nevis "40,992 (July 1995 est.)" );; line 94972 (wfb::source-text age_structure saint_kitts_and_nevis 0-14_years "35% (female 7,072; male 7,430)" );; line 94977 (wfb::source-text age_structure saint_kitts_and_nevis 15-64_years "57% (female 11,784; male 11,756)" );; line 94979 (wfb::source-text age_structure saint_kitts_and_nevis 65_years_and_over "8% (female 1,729; male 1,221) (July 1995 est.)" );; line 94981 (wfb::source-text population_growth_rate saint_kitts_and_nevis "0.85% (1995 est.)" );; line 94985 (wfb::source-text birth_rate saint_kitts_and_nevis "23.49 births/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 94989 (wfb::source-text death_rate saint_kitts_and_nevis "9.56 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 94993 (wfb::source-text net_migration_rate saint_kitts_and_nevis "-5.39 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 94997 (wfb::source-text infant_mortality_rate saint_kitts_and_nevis "19.4 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.)" );; line 95001 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth saint_kitts_and_nevis total_population "66.51 years" );; line 95006 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth saint_kitts_and_nevis male "63.51 years" );; line 95008 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth saint_kitts_and_nevis female "69.69 years (1995 est.)" );; line 95010 (wfb::source-text total_fertility_rate saint_kitts_and_nevis "2.56 children born/woman (1995 est.)" );; line 95014 (wfb::source-text nationality saint_kitts_and_nevis noun "Kittsian(s), Nevisian(s)" );; line 95019 (wfb::source-text nationality saint_kitts_and_nevis adjective "Kittsian, Nevisian" );; line 95021 (wfb::source-text ethnic-entity saint_kitts_and_nevis "black African" );; line 95025 (wfb::source-text religion saint_kitts_and_nevis "Anglican, other Protestant sects, Roman Catholic" );; line 95029 (wfb::source-text language saint_kitts_and_nevis "English" );; line 95033 (wfb::source-text literacy saint_kitts_and_nevis "age 15 and over has ever attended school (1980)" );; line 95037 (wfb::source-text literacy saint_kitts_and_nevis total_population "97%" );; line 95039 (wfb::source-text literacy saint_kitts_and_nevis male "97%" );; line 95041 (wfb::source-text literacy saint_kitts_and_nevis female "98%" );; line 95043 (wfb::source-text total_labor_force saint_kitts_and_nevis "20,000 (1981)" );; line 95047 (wfb::source-text names saint_kitts_and_nevis conventional_long_form "Federation of Saint Kitts and Nevis" );; line 95053 (wfb::source-text names saint_kitts_and_nevis conventional_short_form "Saint Kitts and Nevis" );; line 95055 (wfb::source-text names saint_kitts_and_nevis former "Federation of Saint Christopher and Nevis" );; line 95057 (wfb::source-text digraph saint_kitts_and_nevis "SC" );; line 95061 (wfb::source-text type saint_kitts_and_nevis "constitutional monarchy" );; line 95065 (wfb::source-text capital saint_kitts_and_nevis "Basseterre" );; line 95069 (wfb::source-text administrative_divisions saint_kitts_and_nevis "14 parishs; Christ Church Nichola Town, Saint Anne Sandy Point, Saint George Basseterre, Saint George Gingerland, Saint James Windward, Saint John Capisterre, Saint John Figtree, Saint Mary Cayon, Saint Paul Capisterre, Saint Paul Charlestown, Saint Peter Basseterre, Saint Thomas Lowland, Saint Thomas Middle Island, Trinity Palmetto Point" );; line 95073 (wfb::source-text independence saint_kitts_and_nevis "19 September 1983 (from UK)" );; line 95081 (wfb::source-text national_holiday saint_kitts_and_nevis "Independence Day, 19 September (1983)" );; line 95085 (wfb::source-text constitution saint_kitts_and_nevis "19 September 1983" );; line 95089 (wfb::source-text legal_system saint_kitts_and_nevis "based on English common law" );; line 95093 (wfb::source-text suffrage saint_kitts_and_nevis "NA years of age; universal adult" );; line 95097 (wfb::source-text executive_branch saint_kitts_and_nevis chief_of_state "Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952), represented by Governor General Sir Clement Athelston ARRINDELL (since 19 September 1983, previously Governor General of theWest Indies Associated States since NA November 1981)" );; line 95102 (wfb::source-text executive_branch saint_kitts_and_nevis head_of_government "Prime Minister Dr. Kennedy Alphonse SIMMONDS (since 19 September 1983, previously Premier of the West Indies Associated States since NA February 1980); Deputy Prime Minister Hugh HEYLIGER (since November 1994)" );; line 95107 (wfb::source-text executive_branch saint_kitts_and_nevis cabinet "Cabinet; appointed by the governor general in consultation with the prime minister" );; line 95111 (wfb::source-text legislative_structure saint_kitts_and_nevis "unicameral" );; line 95116 (wfb::source-text legislative_branch saint_kitts_and_nevis house_of_assembly "elections last held 29 November 1993 (next to be held by 15 November 1995); results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (14 total, 11 elected) PAM 4, SKNLP 4, NRP 1, CCM 2" );; line 95118 (wfb::source-text judicial_branch saint_kitts_and_nevis "Eastern Caribbean Supreme Court (based on Saint Lucia)" );; line 95124 (wfb::source-text political_parties_and_leaders saint_kitts_and_nevis "People's Action Movement (PAM), Dr. Kennedy SIMMONDS; Saint Kitts and Nevis Labor Party (SKNLP), Dr. Denzil DOUGLAS; Nevis Reformation Party (NRP), Simeon DANIEL; Concerned Citizens Movement (CCM), Vance AMORY" );; line 95128 (wfb::source-text member_of saint_kitts_and_nevis "ACP, C, CARICOM, CDB, ECLAC, FAO, G-77, GATT, IBRD, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFRCS (associate), IMF, INTERPOL, IOC, OAS, OECS, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCL, WHO" );; line 95134 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us saint_kitts_and_nevis chief_of_mission "Ambassador Erstein Mallet EDWARDS" );; line 95141 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us saint_kitts_and_nevis chancery "Suite 608, 2100 M Street NW, Washington, DC 20037" );; line 95143 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us saint_kitts_and_nevis telephone "[1] (202) 833-3550" );; line 95145 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us saint_kitts_and_nevis fax "[1] (202) 833-3553" );; line 95147 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation saint_kitts_and_nevis "no official presence; covered by embassy in Bridgetown, Barbados" );; line 95151 (wfb::source-text flag saint_kitts_and_nevis "divided diagonally from the lower hoist side by a broad black band bearing two white five-pointed stars; the black band is edged in yellow; the upper triangle is green, the lower triangle is red" );; line 95155 (wfb::source-text overview saint_kitts_and_nevis "The economy has traditionally depended on the growing and processing of sugarcane; decreasing world prices have hurt the industry in recent years. Tourism and export-oriented manufacturing have begun to assume larger roles, although they still only account for 7% and 4% of GDP respectively. Growth in the construction and tourism sectors spurred the economic expansion in 1994. Most food is imported." );; line 95162 (wfb::source-text national_product saint_kitts_and_nevis "GDP - purchasing power parity - $210 million (1994 est.)" );; line 95171 (wfb::source-text national_product_real_growth_rate saint_kitts_and_nevis "4.5% (1994 est.)" );; line 95175 (wfb::source-text national_product_per_capita saint_kitts_and_nevis "$5,300 (1994 est.)" );; line 95179 (wfb::source-text |Inflation rate (consumer prices)| saint_kitts_and_nevis "1.6% (1993)" );; line 95183 (wfb::source-text unemployment_rate saint_kitts_and_nevis "12.2% (1990)" );; line 95187 (wfb::source-text budget saint_kitts_and_nevis revenues "$103.2 million" );; line 95192 (wfb::source-text budget saint_kitts_and_nevis expenditures "$102.6 million, including capital expenditures of $50.1 million (1995 est.)" );; line 95194 (wfb::source-text exports saint_kitts_and_nevis "$32.4 million (f.o.b., 1992)" );; line 95199 (wfb::source-text exports saint_kitts_and_nevis commodities "machinery, food, electronics, beverages and tobacco" );; line 95201 (wfb::source-text exports saint_kitts_and_nevis partners "US 50%, UK 30%, CARICOM nations 11% (1992)" );; line 95203 (wfb::source-text imports saint_kitts_and_nevis "$100 million (f.o.b., 1992)" );; line 95207 (wfb::source-text imports saint_kitts_and_nevis commodities "machinery, manufactures, food, fuels" );; line 95209 (wfb::source-text imports saint_kitts_and_nevis partners "US 43%, CARICOM nations 18%, UK 12%, Canada 4%, Japan 4%, OECS 4% (1992)" );; line 95211 (wfb::source-text external_debt saint_kitts_and_nevis "$43.3 million (1992)" );; line 95216 (wfb::source-text industrial_production saint_kitts_and_nevis "growth rate 5.9% (1992 est.)" );; line 95220 (wfb::source-text electricity saint_kitts_and_nevis capacity "15,800 kW" );; line 95225 (wfb::source-text electricity saint_kitts_and_nevis production "45 million kWh" );; line 95227 (wfb::source-text electricity saint_kitts_and_nevis consumption_per_capita "990 kWh (1993)" );; line 95229 (wfb::source-text industry saint_kitts_and_nevis "sugar processing, tourism, cotton, salt, copra, clothing, footwear, beverages" );; line 95233 (wfb::source-text agriculture saint_kitts_and_nevis "accounts for 17% of GDP; cash crop - sugarcane; subsistence crops - rice, yams, vegetables, bananas; fishing potential not fully exploited" );; line 95238 (wfb::source-text illicit_drugs saint_kitts_and_nevis "transshipment point for South American drugs destined for the US" );; line 95243 (wfb::source-text economic_aid saint_kitts_and_nevis recipient "US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY85-88), $10.7 million; Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-89), $67 million" );; line 95248 (wfb::source-text currency saint_kitts_and_nevis "1 EC dollar (EC$) = 100 cents" );; line 95253 (wfb::source-text exchange_rates saint_kitts_and_nevis "East Caribbean dollars (EC$) per US$1 - 2.70 (fixed rate since 1976)" );; line 95257 (wfb::source-text fiscal_year saint_kitts_and_nevis "calendar year" );; line 95262 (wfb::source-text railroads saint_kitts_and_nevis total "58 km on Saint Kitts for sugarcane" );; line 95268 (wfb::source-text railroads saint_kitts_and_nevis narrow_gauge "58 km 0.760-m gauge" );; line 95270 (wfb::source-text highways saint_kitts_and_nevis total "300 km" );; line 95275 (wfb::source-text highways saint_kitts_and_nevis paved "125 km" );; line 95277 (wfb::source-text highways saint_kitts_and_nevis unpaved "otherwise improved 125 km; unimproved earth 50 km" );; line 95279 (wfb::source-text port saint_kitts_and_nevis "Basseterre, Charlestown" );; line 95283 (wfb::source-text merchant_marine saint_kitts_and_nevis "none" );; line 95287 (wfb::source-text airports saint_kitts_and_nevis total "2" );; line 95292 (wfb::source-text airports saint_kitts_and_nevis |with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m| "1" );; line 95294 (wfb::source-text airports saint_kitts_and_nevis with_paved_runways_under_914_m "1" );; line 95296 (wfb::source-text telephone_system saint_kitts_and_nevis "2,400 telephones; good interisland VHF/UHF/SHF radio connections and international link via Antigua and Barbuda and Saint Martin" );; line 95301 (wfb::source-text telephone_system saint_kitts_and_nevis local "NA" );; line 95304 (wfb::source-text telephone_system saint_kitts_and_nevis intercity "interisland links are handled by VHF/UHF/SHF radio; within the islands all calls are local" );; line 95306 (wfb::source-text telephone_system saint_kitts_and_nevis international "international calls are carried by radio to Antigua and Barbuda and there switched to submarine cable or to INTELSAT, or carried to Saint Martin by radio and switched to INTELSAT" );; line 95309 (wfb::source-text radio saint_kitts_and_nevis broadcast_stations "AM 2, FM 0, shortwave 0" );; line 95316 (wfb::source-text radio saint_kitts_and_nevis radios "NA" );; line 95318 (wfb::source-text television saint_kitts_and_nevis broadcast_stations "4" );; line 95323 (wfb::source-text television saint_kitts_and_nevis televisions "NA" );; line 95325 (wfb::source-text defense_branch saint_kitts_and_nevis "Royal Saint Kitts and Nevis Police Force, Coast Guard" );; line 95331 (wfb::source-text defense_expenditures saint_kitts_and_nevis "$NA, NA% of GDP" );; line 95335 (wfb::source-text location saint_lucia "Caribbean, island in the Caribbean Sea, north of Trinidad and Tobago" );; line 95345 (wfb::source-text map_references saint_lucia "Central America and the Caribbean" );; line 95350 (wfb::source-text area saint_lucia total_area "620 sq km" );; line 95355 (wfb::source-text area saint_lucia land_area "610 sq km" );; line 95357 (wfb::source-text area saint_lucia comparative_area "slightly less than 3.5 times the size of Washington, DC" );; line 95359 (wfb::source-text borders saint_lucia "0 km" );; line 95363 (wfb::source-text coastline saint_lucia "158 km" );; line 95367 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims saint_lucia contiguous_zone "24 nm" );; line 95372 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims saint_lucia exclusive_economic_zone "200 nm or to the edge of the continental margin" );; line 95374 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims saint_lucia territorial_sea "12 nm" );; line 95376 (wfb::source-text international_disputes saint_lucia "none" );; line 95380 (wfb::source-text climate saint_lucia "tropical, moderated by northeast trade winds; dry season from January to April, rainy season from May to August" );; line 95384 (wfb::source-text terrain saint_lucia "volcanic and mountainous with some broad, fertile valleys" );; line 95389 (wfb::source-text natural-resource saint_lucia "forests, sandy beaches, minerals (pumice), mineral springs, geothermal potential" );; line 95393 (wfb::source-text land_use saint_lucia arable_land "8%" );; line 95399 (wfb::source-text land_use saint_lucia permanent_crops "20%" );; line 95401 (wfb::source-text land_use saint_lucia meadows_and_pastures "5%" );; line 95403 (wfb::source-text land_use saint_lucia forest_and_woodland "13%" );; line 95405 (wfb::source-text land_use saint_lucia other "54%" );; line 95407 (wfb::source-text irrigated_land saint_lucia "10 sq km (1989 est.)" );; line 95411 (wfb::source-text environment saint_lucia current_issues "deforestation; soil erosion, particularly in the northern region" );; line 95416 (wfb::source-text environment saint_lucia natural_hazards "hurricanes and volcanic activity" );; line 95418 (wfb::source-text environment saint_lucia international_agreements "party to - Biodiversity, Climate Change, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Whaling" );; line 95420 (wfb::source-text population saint_lucia "156,050 (July 1995 est.)" );; line 95428 (wfb::source-text age_structure saint_lucia 0-14_years "35% (female 26,710; male 27,255)" );; line 95433 (wfb::source-text age_structure saint_lucia 15-64_years "60% (female 47,584; male 46,326)" );; line 95435 (wfb::source-text age_structure saint_lucia 65_years_and_over "5% (female 5,040; male 3,135) (July 1995 est.)" );; line 95437 (wfb::source-text population_growth_rate saint_lucia "1.17% (1995 est.)" );; line 95441 (wfb::source-text birth_rate saint_lucia "22.48 births/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 95445 (wfb::source-text death_rate saint_lucia "6.1 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 95449 (wfb::source-text net_migration_rate saint_lucia "-4.67 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 95453 (wfb::source-text infant_mortality_rate saint_lucia "20.5 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.)" );; line 95457 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth saint_lucia total_population "69.88 years" );; line 95462 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth saint_lucia male "66.33 years" );; line 95464 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth saint_lucia female "73.67 years (1995 est.)" );; line 95466 (wfb::source-text total_fertility_rate saint_lucia "2.37 children born/woman (1995 est.)" );; line 95470 (wfb::source-text nationality saint_lucia noun "Saint Lucian(s)" );; line 95475 (wfb::source-text nationality saint_lucia adjective "Saint Lucian" );; line 95477 (wfb::source-text ethnic-entity saint_lucia "African descent 90.3%, mixed 5.5%, East Indian 3.2%, Caucasian 0.8%" );; line 95481 (wfb::source-text religion saint_lucia "Roman Catholic 90%, Protestant 7%, Anglican 3%" );; line 95486 (wfb::source-text language saint_lucia "English (official), French patois" );; line 95490 (wfb::source-text literacy saint_lucia "age 15 and over has ever attended school (1980)" );; line 95494 (wfb::source-text literacy saint_lucia total_population "67%" );; line 95496 (wfb::source-text literacy saint_lucia male "65%" );; line 95498 (wfb::source-text literacy saint_lucia female "69%" );; line 95500 (wfb::source-text total_labor_force saint_lucia "43,800" );; line 95504 (wfb::source-text labor_force_by_occupation saint_lucia by_occupation "agriculture 43.4%, services 38.9%, industry and commerce 17.7% (1983 est.)" );; line 95506 (wfb::source-text names saint_lucia conventional_long_form "none" );; line 95513 (wfb::source-text names saint_lucia conventional_short_form "Saint Lucia" );; line 95515 (wfb::source-text digraph saint_lucia "ST" );; line 95519 (wfb::source-text type saint_lucia "parliamentary democracy" );; line 95523 (wfb::source-text capital saint_lucia "Castries" );; line 95527 (wfb::source-text administrative_divisions saint_lucia "11 quarters; Anse La Raye, Castries, Choiseul, Dauphin, Dennery, Gros Islet, Laborie, Micoud, Praslin, Soufriere, Vieux Fort" );; line 95531 (wfb::source-text independence saint_lucia "22 February 1979 (from UK)" );; line 95536 (wfb::source-text national_holiday saint_lucia "Independence Day, 22 February (1979)" );; line 95540 (wfb::source-text constitution saint_lucia "22 February 1979" );; line 95544 (wfb::source-text legal_system saint_lucia "based on English common law" );; line 95548 (wfb::source-text suffrage saint_lucia "18 years of age; universal" );; line 95552 (wfb::source-text executive_branch saint_lucia chief_of_state "Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952), represented by Governor General Sir Stanislaus Anthony JAMES (since 10 October 1988)" );; line 95557 (wfb::source-text executive_branch saint_lucia head_of_government "Prime Minister John George Melvin COMPTON (since 3 May 1982)" );; line 95560 (wfb::source-text executive_branch saint_lucia cabinet "Cabinet; appointed by the governor general on advice of the prime minister" );; line 95562 (wfb::source-text legislative_structure saint_lucia "bicameral Parliament" );; line 95567 (wfb::source-text legislative_branch saint_lucia senate "consists of an 11-member body, 6 appointed on the advice of the prime minister, 3 on the advice of the leader of the opposition, and 2 after consultation with religious, economic, and social groups" );; line 95569 (wfb::source-text legislative_branch saint_lucia house_of_assembly "elections last held 27 April 1992 (next to be held by April 1997); results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (17 total) UWP 11, SLP 6" );; line 95573 (wfb::source-text judicial_branch saint_lucia "Eastern Caribbean Supreme Court" );; line 95578 (wfb::source-text political_parties_and_leaders saint_lucia "United Workers' Party (UWP), John COMPTON; Saint Lucia Labor Party (SLP), Julian HUNTE; Progressive Labor Party (PLP), Jon ODLUM" );; line 95582 (wfb::source-text member_of saint_lucia "ACCT (associate), ACP, C, CARICOM, CDB, ECLAC, FAO, G-77, GATT, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT (nonsignatory user), INTERPOL, IOC, ISO (subscriber), NAM, OAS, OECS, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO" );; line 95587 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us saint_lucia chief_of_mission "Ambassador Dr. Joseph Edsel EDMUNDS" );; line 95595 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us saint_lucia chancery "3216 New Mexico Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20016" );; line 95597 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us saint_lucia telephone "[1] (202) 364-6792 through 6795" );; line 95599 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us saint_lucia fax "[1] (202) 364-6728" );; line 95601 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us saint_lucia |consulate(s) general| "New York" );; line 95603 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation saint_lucia "no official presence since the Ambassador resides in Bridgetown (Barbados)" );; line 95607 (wfb::source-text flag saint_lucia "blue with a gold isosceles triangle below a black arrowhead; the upper edges of the arrowhead have a white border" );; line 95612 (wfb::source-text overview saint_lucia "Though foreign investment in manufacturing and information processing in recent years has increased Saint Lucia's industrial base, the economy remains vulnerable due to its heavy dependence on banana production, which is subject to periodic droughts and tropical storms. Indeed, the destructive effect of Tropical Storm Debbie in mid-1994 caused the loss of 60% of the year's banana crop. Increased competition from Latin American bananas will probably further reduce market prices, exacerbating Saint Lucia's need to diversify its economy in coming years, e.g., by expanding tourism, manufacturing, and construction" );; line 95618 (wfb::source-text national_product saint_lucia "GDP - purchasing power parity - $610 million (1994 est.)" );; line 95630 (wfb::source-text national_product_real_growth_rate saint_lucia "2% (1994 est.)" );; line 95634 (wfb::source-text national_product_per_capita saint_lucia "$4,200 (1994 est.)" );; line 95638 (wfb::source-text |Inflation rate (consumer prices)| saint_lucia "0.8% (1993)" );; line 95642 (wfb::source-text unemployment_rate saint_lucia "25% (1993 est.)" );; line 95646 (wfb::source-text budget saint_lucia revenues "$121 million" );; line 95651 (wfb::source-text budget saint_lucia expenditures "$127 million, including capital expenditures of $104 million (1992 est.)" );; line 95653 (wfb::source-text exports saint_lucia "$122.8 million (f.o.b., 1992)" );; line 95658 (wfb::source-text exports saint_lucia commodities "bananas 60%, clothing, cocoa, vegetables, fruits, coconut oil" );; line 95660 (wfb::source-text exports saint_lucia partners "UK 56%, US 22%, CARICOM 19% (1991)" );; line 95662 (wfb::source-text imports saint_lucia "$276 million (f.o.b., 1992)" );; line 95666 (wfb::source-text imports saint_lucia commodities "manufactured goods 21%, machinery and transportation equipment 21%, food and live animals, chemicals, fuels" );; line 95668 (wfb::source-text imports saint_lucia partners "US 34%, CARICOM 17%, UK 14%, Japan 7%, Canada 4% (1991)" );; line 95671 (wfb::source-text external_debt saint_lucia "$96.4 million (1992 est.)" );; line 95675 (wfb::source-text industrial_production saint_lucia "growth rate 3.5% (1990 est.); accounts for 12% of GDP" );; line 95679 (wfb::source-text electricity saint_lucia capacity "20,000 kW" );; line 95684 (wfb::source-text electricity saint_lucia production "112 million kWh" );; line 95686 (wfb::source-text electricity saint_lucia consumption_per_capita "693 kWh (1993)" );; line 95688 (wfb::source-text industry saint_lucia "clothing, assembly of electronic components, beverages, corrugated cardboard boxes, tourism, lime processing, coconut processing" );; line 95692 (wfb::source-text agriculture saint_lucia "accounts for 14% of GDP and 43% of labor force; crops - bananas, coconuts, vegetables, citrus fruit, root crops, cocoa; imports food for the tourist industry" );; line 95697 (wfb::source-text illicit_drugs saint_lucia "transit country for South American drugs destined for the US and Europe" );; line 95703 (wfb::source-text economic_aid saint_lucia recipient "Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-89), $120 million" );; line 95709 (wfb::source-text currency saint_lucia "1 EC dollar (EC$) = 100 cents" );; line 95714 (wfb::source-text exchange_rates saint_lucia "East Caribbean dollars (EC$) per US$1 - 2.70 (fixed rate since 1976)" );; line 95718 (wfb::source-text fiscal_year saint_lucia "1 April - 31 March" );; line 95723 (wfb::source-text railroads saint_lucia "0 km" );; line 95728 (wfb::source-text highways saint_lucia total "760 km" );; line 95733 (wfb::source-text highways saint_lucia paved "500 km" );; line 95735 (wfb::source-text highways saint_lucia unpaved "otherwise improved 260 km" );; line 95737 (wfb::source-text port saint_lucia "Castries, Vieux Fort" );; line 95741 (wfb::source-text merchant_marine saint_lucia "none" );; line 95745 (wfb::source-text airports saint_lucia total "3" );; line 95750 (wfb::source-text airports saint_lucia |with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m| "1" );; line 95752 (wfb::source-text airports saint_lucia |with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m| "1" );; line 95754 (wfb::source-text airports saint_lucia with_paved_runways_under_914_m "1" );; line 95756 (wfb::source-text telephone_system saint_lucia "9,500 telephones" );; line 95761 (wfb::source-text telephone_system saint_lucia local "low density (6 telephones/100 persons) but the system is automatically switched" );; line 95763 (wfb::source-text telephone_system saint_lucia intercity "no intercity traffic" );; line 95766 (wfb::source-text telephone_system saint_lucia international "direct microwave link with Martinique and Saint Vincent and the Grenadines; interisland troposcatter link to Barbados" );; line 95768 (wfb::source-text radio saint_lucia broadcast_stations "AM 4, FM 1, shortwave 0" );; line 95774 (wfb::source-text radio saint_lucia radios "NA" );; line 95776 (wfb::source-text television saint_lucia broadcast_stations "1 cable" );; line 95781 (wfb::source-text television saint_lucia televisions "NA" );; line 95783 (wfb::source-text defense_branch saint_lucia "Royal Saint Lucia Police Force, Coast Guard" );; line 95789 (wfb::source-text defense_expenditures saint_lucia "$NA, NA% of GDP" );; line 95793 (wfb::source-text location saint_pierre_and_miquelon "Northern North America, islands in the North Atlantic Ocean, south of Newfoundland (Canada)" );; line 95804 (wfb::source-text map_references saint_pierre_and_miquelon "North America" );; line 95809 (wfb::source-text area saint_pierre_and_miquelon total_area "242 sq km" );; line 95814 (wfb::source-text area saint_pierre_and_miquelon land_area "242 sq km" );; line 95816 (wfb::source-text area saint_pierre_and_miquelon comparative_area "slightly less than 1.5 times the size of Washington, DC" );; line 95818 (wfb::source-text borders saint_pierre_and_miquelon "0 km" );; line 95825 (wfb::source-text coastline saint_pierre_and_miquelon "120 km" );; line 95829 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims saint_pierre_and_miquelon exclusive_economic_zone "200 nm" );; line 95834 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims saint_pierre_and_miquelon territorial_sea "12 nm" );; line 95836 (wfb::source-text international_disputes saint_pierre_and_miquelon "focus of maritime boundary dispute between Canada and France" );; line 95840 (wfb::source-text climate saint_pierre_and_miquelon "cold and wet, with much mist and fog; spring and autumn are windy" );; line 95844 (wfb::source-text terrain saint_pierre_and_miquelon "mostly barren rock" );; line 95848 (wfb::source-text natural-resource saint_pierre_and_miquelon "fish, deepwater ports" );; line 95852 (wfb::source-text land_use saint_pierre_and_miquelon arable_land "13%" );; line 95857 (wfb::source-text land_use saint_pierre_and_miquelon permanent_crops "0%" );; line 95859 (wfb::source-text land_use saint_pierre_and_miquelon meadows_and_pastures "0%" );; line 95861 (wfb::source-text land_use saint_pierre_and_miquelon forest_and_woodland "4%" );; line 95863 (wfb::source-text land_use saint_pierre_and_miquelon other "83%" );; line 95865 (wfb::source-text irrigated_land saint_pierre_and_miquelon "NA sq km" );; line 95869 (wfb::source-text environment saint_pierre_and_miquelon current_issues "NA" );; line 95874 (wfb::source-text environment saint_pierre_and_miquelon natural_hazards "persistent fog throughout the year can be a maritime hazard" );; line 95876 (wfb::source-text environment saint_pierre_and_miquelon international_agreements "NA" );; line 95878 (wfb::source-text note saint_pierre_and_miquelon "vegetation scanty" );; line 95882 (wfb::source-text population saint_pierre_and_miquelon "6,757 (July 1995 est.)" );; line 95888 (wfb::source-text age_structure saint_pierre_and_miquelon 0-14_years "NA" );; line 95893 (wfb::source-text age_structure saint_pierre_and_miquelon 15-64_years "NA" );; line 95895 (wfb::source-text age_structure saint_pierre_and_miquelon 65_years_and_over "NA" );; line 95897 (wfb::source-text population_growth_rate saint_pierre_and_miquelon "0.78% (1995 est.)" );; line 95901 (wfb::source-text birth_rate saint_pierre_and_miquelon "13.02 births/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 95905 (wfb::source-text death_rate saint_pierre_and_miquelon "5.83 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 95909 (wfb::source-text net_migration_rate saint_pierre_and_miquelon "0.59 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 95913 (wfb::source-text infant_mortality_rate saint_pierre_and_miquelon "10.77 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.)" );; line 95917 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth saint_pierre_and_miquelon total_population "76 years" );; line 95922 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth saint_pierre_and_miquelon male "74.4 years" );; line 95924 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth saint_pierre_and_miquelon female "77.92 years (1995 est.)" );; line 95926 (wfb::source-text total_fertility_rate saint_pierre_and_miquelon "1.67 children born/woman (1995 est.)" );; line 95930 (wfb::source-text nationality saint_pierre_and_miquelon noun "Frenchman(men), Frenchwoman(women)" );; line 95935 (wfb::source-text nationality saint_pierre_and_miquelon adjective "French" );; line 95937 (wfb::source-text ethnic-entity saint_pierre_and_miquelon "Basques and Bretons (French fishermen)" );; line 95941 (wfb::source-text religion saint_pierre_and_miquelon "Roman Catholic 98%" );; line 95945 (wfb::source-text language saint_pierre_and_miquelon "French" );; line 95949 (wfb::source-text literacy saint_pierre_and_miquelon "age 15 and over can read and write (1982)" );; line 95953 (wfb::source-text literacy saint_pierre_and_miquelon total_population "99%" );; line 95955 (wfb::source-text literacy saint_pierre_and_miquelon male "99%" );; line 95957 (wfb::source-text literacy saint_pierre_and_miquelon female "99%" );; line 95959 (wfb::source-text total_labor_force saint_pierre_and_miquelon "2,850 (1988)" );; line 95963 (wfb::source-text labor_force_by_occupation saint_pierre_and_miquelon by_occupation "NA" );; line 95965 (wfb::source-text names saint_pierre_and_miquelon conventional_long_form "Territorial Collectivity of Saint Pierre and Miquelon" );; line 95971 (wfb::source-text names saint_pierre_and_miquelon conventional_short_form "Saint Pierre and Miquelon" );; line 95973 (wfb::source-text names saint_pierre_and_miquelon local_long_form "Departement de Saint-Pierre et Miquelon" );; line 95975 (wfb::source-text names saint_pierre_and_miquelon local_short_form "Saint-Pierre et Miquelon" );; line 95977 (wfb::source-text digraph saint_pierre_and_miquelon "SB" );; line 95981 (wfb::source-text type saint_pierre_and_miquelon "territorial collectivity of France" );; line 95985 (wfb::source-text capital saint_pierre_and_miquelon "Saint-Pierre" );; line 95989 (wfb::source-text administrative_divisions saint_pierre_and_miquelon "none (territorial collectivity of France)" );; line 95993 (wfb::source-text independence saint_pierre_and_miquelon "none (territorial collectivity of France; has been under French control since 1763)" );; line 95997 (wfb::source-text national_holiday saint_pierre_and_miquelon "National Day, Taking of the Bastille, 14 July" );; line 96002 (wfb::source-text constitution saint_pierre_and_miquelon "28 September 1958 (French Constitution)" );; line 96006 (wfb::source-text legal_system saint_pierre_and_miquelon "French law" );; line 96010 (wfb::source-text suffrage saint_pierre_and_miquelon "18 years of age; universal" );; line 96014 (wfb::source-text executive_branch saint_pierre_and_miquelon chief_of_state "President Francois MITTERRAND (since 21 May 1981)" );; line 96019 (wfb::source-text executive_branch saint_pierre_and_miquelon head_of_government "Commissioner of the Republic Yves HENRY (since NA December 1993); President of the General Council Gerard GRIGNON (since NA April 1994)" );; line 96021 (wfb::source-text executive_branch saint_pierre_and_miquelon cabinet "Council of Ministers" );; line 96024 (wfb::source-text legislative_structure saint_pierre_and_miquelon "unicameral" );; line 96028 (wfb::source-text legislative_branch saint_pierre_and_miquelon general_council "elections last held NA April 1994 (next to be held NA April 2000); results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (19 total) seats by party NA" );; line 96030 (wfb::source-text legislative_branch saint_pierre_and_miquelon french_senate "elections last held NA September 1986 (next to be held NA September 1995); results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (1 total) PS 1" );; line 96033 (wfb::source-text legislative_branch saint_pierre_and_miquelon french_national_assembly "elections last held 21 and 28 March 1993 (next to be held NA June 1998); results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (1 total) UDF 1" );; line 96036 (wfb::source-text judicial_branch saint_pierre_and_miquelon "Superior Tribunal of Appeals (Tribunal Superieur d'Appel)" );; line 96041 (wfb::source-text political_parties_and_leaders saint_pierre_and_miquelon "Socialist Party (PS), Albert PEN; Union for French Democracy (UDF/CDS), Gerard GRIGNON" );; line 96045 (wfb::source-text member_of saint_pierre_and_miquelon "FZ, WFTU" );; line 96050 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us saint_pierre_and_miquelon "none (territorial collectivity of France)" );; line 96054 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation saint_pierre_and_miquelon "none (territorial collectivity of France)" );; line 96058 (wfb::source-text flag saint_pierre_and_miquelon "the flag of France is used" );; line 96062 (wfb::source-text overview saint_pierre_and_miquelon "The inhabitants have traditionally earned their livelihood by fishing and by servicing fishing fleets operating off the coast of Newfoundland. The economy has been declining, however, because the number of ships stopping at Saint Pierre has dropped steadily over the years. In March 1989, an agreement between France and Canada set fish quotas for Saint Pierre's trawlers fishing in Canadian and Canadian-claimed waters for three years. The agreement settles a longstanding dispute that had virtually brought fish exports to a halt. The islands are heavily subsidized by France. Imports come primarily from Canada and France." );; line 96067 (wfb::source-text national_product saint_pierre_and_miquelon "GDP - purchasing power parity - $66 million (1993 est.)" );; line 96079 (wfb::source-text national_product_real_growth_rate saint_pierre_and_miquelon "NA%" );; line 96083 (wfb::source-text national_product_per_capita saint_pierre_and_miquelon "$10,000 (1993 est.)" );; line 96087 (wfb::source-text |Inflation rate (consumer prices)| saint_pierre_and_miquelon "NA%" );; line 96091 (wfb::source-text unemployment_rate saint_pierre_and_miquelon "9.6% (1990)" );; line 96095 (wfb::source-text budget saint_pierre_and_miquelon revenues "$18.3 million" );; line 96100 (wfb::source-text budget saint_pierre_and_miquelon expenditures "$18.3 million, including capital expenditures of $5.5 million (1989 est.)" );; line 96102 (wfb::source-text exports saint_pierre_and_miquelon "$30 million (f.o.b., 1991 est.)" );; line 96107 (wfb::source-text exports saint_pierre_and_miquelon commodities "fish and fish products, fox and mink pelts" );; line 96109 (wfb::source-text exports saint_pierre_and_miquelon partners "US 58%, France 17%, UK 11%, Canada, Portugal (1990)" );; line 96111 (wfb::source-text imports saint_pierre_and_miquelon "$82 million (c.i.f., 1991 est.)" );; line 96115 (wfb::source-text imports saint_pierre_and_miquelon commodities "meat, clothing, fuel, electrical equipment, machinery, building materials" );; line 96117 (wfb::source-text imports saint_pierre_and_miquelon partners "Canada, France, US, Netherlands, UK" );; line 96120 (wfb::source-text external_debt saint_pierre_and_miquelon "$NA" );; line 96124 (wfb::source-text industrial_production saint_pierre_and_miquelon "growth rate NA%" );; line 96128 (wfb::source-text electricity saint_pierre_and_miquelon capacity "10,000 kW" );; line 96133 (wfb::source-text electricity saint_pierre_and_miquelon production "50 million kWh" );; line 96135 (wfb::source-text electricity saint_pierre_and_miquelon consumption_per_capita "6,013 kWh (1993)" );; line 96137 (wfb::source-text industry saint_pierre_and_miquelon "fish processing and supply base for fishing fleets; tourism" );; line 96141 (wfb::source-text agriculture saint_pierre_and_miquelon "vegetables, cattle, sheep, pigs for local consumption; fish catch of 20,500 metric tons (1989)" );; line 96145 (wfb::source-text economic_aid saint_pierre_and_miquelon recipient "Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-89), $500 million" );; line 96151 (wfb::source-text currency saint_pierre_and_miquelon "1 French franc (F) = 100 centimes" );; line 96156 (wfb::source-text exchange_rates saint_pierre_and_miquelon "French francs (F) per US$1 - 5.2943 (January 1995), 5.520 (1994), 5.6632 (1993), 5.2938 (1992), 5.6421 (1991), 5.4453 (1990)" );; line 96160 (wfb::source-text fiscal_year saint_pierre_and_miquelon "calendar year" );; line 96165 (wfb::source-text railroads saint_pierre_and_miquelon "0 km" );; line 96170 (wfb::source-text highways saint_pierre_and_miquelon total "120 km" );; line 96175 (wfb::source-text highways saint_pierre_and_miquelon paved "60 km" );; line 96177 (wfb::source-text highways saint_pierre_and_miquelon unpaved "earth 60 km (1985)" );; line 96179 (wfb::source-text port saint_pierre_and_miquelon "Saint Pierre" );; line 96183 (wfb::source-text merchant_marine saint_pierre_and_miquelon "none" );; line 96187 (wfb::source-text airports saint_pierre_and_miquelon total "2" );; line 96192 (wfb::source-text airports saint_pierre_and_miquelon |with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m| "2" );; line 96194 (wfb::source-text telephone_system saint_pierre_and_miquelon "3,601 telephones" );; line 96199 (wfb::source-text telephone_system saint_pierre_and_miquelon local "NA" );; line 96201 (wfb::source-text telephone_system saint_pierre_and_miquelon intercity "NA" );; line 96203 (wfb::source-text telephone_system saint_pierre_and_miquelon international "radio communication with most countries in the world; 1 satellite link in French domestic satellite system" );; line 96205 (wfb::source-text radio saint_pierre_and_miquelon broadcast_stations "AM 1, FM 3, shortwave 0" );; line 96211 (wfb::source-text radio saint_pierre_and_miquelon radios "NA" );; line 96213 (wfb::source-text television saint_pierre_and_miquelon broadcast_stations "0" );; line 96218 (wfb::source-text television saint_pierre_and_miquelon televisions "NA" );; line 96220 (wfb::source-text note saint_pierre_and_miquelon "defense is the responsibility of France" );; line 96226 (wfb::source-text location saint_vincent_and_the_grenadines "Caribbean, islands in the Caribbean Sea, north of Trinidad and Tobago" );; line 96236 (wfb::source-text map_references saint_vincent_and_the_grenadines "Central America and the Caribbean" );; line 96241 (wfb::source-text area saint_vincent_and_the_grenadines total_area "340 sq km" );; line 96246 (wfb::source-text area saint_vincent_and_the_grenadines land_area "340 sq km" );; line 96248 (wfb::source-text area saint_vincent_and_the_grenadines comparative_area "slightly less than twice the size of Washington, DC" );; line 96250 (wfb::source-text borders saint_vincent_and_the_grenadines "0 km" );; line 96254 (wfb::source-text coastline saint_vincent_and_the_grenadines "84 km" );; line 96258 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims saint_vincent_and_the_grenadines contiguous_zone "24 nm" );; line 96263 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims saint_vincent_and_the_grenadines continental_shelf "200 nm" );; line 96265 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims saint_vincent_and_the_grenadines exclusive_economic_zone "200 nm" );; line 96267 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims saint_vincent_and_the_grenadines territorial_sea "12 nm" );; line 96269 (wfb::source-text international_disputes saint_vincent_and_the_grenadines "none" );; line 96273 (wfb::source-text climate saint_vincent_and_the_grenadines "tropical; little seasonal temperature variation; rainy season (May to November)" );; line 96277 (wfb::source-text terrain saint_vincent_and_the_grenadines "volcanic, mountainous; Soufriere volcano on the island of Saint Vincent" );; line 96282 (wfb::source-text natural-resource saint_vincent_and_the_grenadines "negligible" );; line 96287 (wfb::source-text land_use saint_vincent_and_the_grenadines arable_land "38%" );; line 96292 (wfb::source-text land_use saint_vincent_and_the_grenadines permanent_crops "12%" );; line 96294 (wfb::source-text land_use saint_vincent_and_the_grenadines meadows_and_pastures "6%" );; line 96296 (wfb::source-text land_use saint_vincent_and_the_grenadines forest_and_woodland "41%" );; line 96298 (wfb::source-text land_use saint_vincent_and_the_grenadines other "3%" );; line 96300 (wfb::source-text irrigated_land saint_vincent_and_the_grenadines "10 sq km (1989 est.)" );; line 96304 (wfb::source-text environment saint_vincent_and_the_grenadines current_issues "pollution of coastal waters and shorelines from discharges by pleasure yachts and other effluents; in some areas pollution is severe enough to make swimming prohibitive" );; line 96309 (wfb::source-text environment saint_vincent_and_the_grenadines natural_hazards "hurricanes; Soufriere volcano is a constant threat" );; line 96313 (wfb::source-text environment saint_vincent_and_the_grenadines international_agreements "party to - Endangered Species, Law of the Sea, Ship Pollution, Whaling; signed, but not ratified - Desertification" );; line 96315 (wfb::source-text note saint_vincent_and_the_grenadines "the administration of the islands of the Grenadines group is divided between Saint Vincent and the Grenadines and Grenada" );; line 96320 (wfb::source-text population saint_vincent_and_the_grenadines "117,344 (July 1995 est.)" );; line 96327 (wfb::source-text age_structure saint_vincent_and_the_grenadines 0-14_years "34% (female 19,551; male 20,185)" );; line 96332 (wfb::source-text age_structure saint_vincent_and_the_grenadines 15-64_years "61% (female 35,565; male 35,573)" );; line 96334 (wfb::source-text age_structure saint_vincent_and_the_grenadines 65_years_and_over "5% (female 3,793; male 2,677) (July 1995 est.)" );; line 96336 (wfb::source-text population_growth_rate saint_vincent_and_the_grenadines "0.65% (1995 est.)" );; line 96340 (wfb::source-text birth_rate saint_vincent_and_the_grenadines "19.62 births/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 96344 (wfb::source-text death_rate saint_vincent_and_the_grenadines "5.46 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 96348 (wfb::source-text net_migration_rate saint_vincent_and_the_grenadines "-7.63 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 96352 (wfb::source-text infant_mortality_rate saint_vincent_and_the_grenadines "17.2 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.)" );; line 96356 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth saint_vincent_and_the_grenadines total_population "72.66 years" );; line 96361 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth saint_vincent_and_the_grenadines male "71.15 years" );; line 96363 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth saint_vincent_and_the_grenadines female "74.21 years (1995 est.)" );; line 96365 (wfb::source-text total_fertility_rate saint_vincent_and_the_grenadines "2.08 children born/woman (1995 est.)" );; line 96369 (wfb::source-text nationality saint_vincent_and_the_grenadines noun "Saint Vincentian(s) or Vincentian(s)" );; line 96374 (wfb::source-text nationality saint_vincent_and_the_grenadines adjective "Saint Vincentian or Vincentian" );; line 96376 (wfb::source-text ethnic-entity saint_vincent_and_the_grenadines "African descent, Caucasian, East Indian, Carib Indian" );; line 96380 (wfb::source-text religion saint_vincent_and_the_grenadines "Anglican, Methodist, Roman Catholic, Seventh-Day Adventist" );; line 96384 (wfb::source-text language saint_vincent_and_the_grenadines "English, French patois" );; line 96388 (wfb::source-text literacy saint_vincent_and_the_grenadines "age 15 and over has ever attended school (1970)" );; line 96392 (wfb::source-text literacy saint_vincent_and_the_grenadines total_population "96%" );; line 96394 (wfb::source-text literacy saint_vincent_and_the_grenadines male "96%" );; line 96396 (wfb::source-text literacy saint_vincent_and_the_grenadines female "96%" );; line 96398 (wfb::source-text total_labor_force saint_vincent_and_the_grenadines "67,000 (1984 est.)" );; line 96402 (wfb::source-text labor_force_by_occupation saint_vincent_and_the_grenadines by_occupation "NA" );; line 96404 (wfb::source-text names saint_vincent_and_the_grenadines conventional_long_form "none" );; line 96410 (wfb::source-text names saint_vincent_and_the_grenadines conventional_short_form "Saint Vincent and the Grenadines" );; line 96412 (wfb::source-text digraph saint_vincent_and_the_grenadines "VC" );; line 96416 (wfb::source-text type saint_vincent_and_the_grenadines "constitutional monarchy" );; line 96420 (wfb::source-text capital saint_vincent_and_the_grenadines "Kingstown" );; line 96424 (wfb::source-text administrative_divisions saint_vincent_and_the_grenadines "6 parishes; Charlotte, Grenadines, Saint Andrew, Saint David, Saint George, Saint Patrick" );; line 96428 (wfb::source-text independence saint_vincent_and_the_grenadines "27 October 1979 (from UK)" );; line 96433 (wfb::source-text national_holiday saint_vincent_and_the_grenadines "Independence Day, 27 October (1979)" );; line 96437 (wfb::source-text constitution saint_vincent_and_the_grenadines "27 October 1979" );; line 96441 (wfb::source-text legal_system saint_vincent_and_the_grenadines "based on English common law" );; line 96445 (wfb::source-text suffrage saint_vincent_and_the_grenadines "18 years of age; universal" );; line 96449 (wfb::source-text executive_branch saint_vincent_and_the_grenadines chief_of_state "Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952), represented by Governor General David JACK (since 29 September 1989)" );; line 96454 (wfb::source-text executive_branch saint_vincent_and_the_grenadines head_of_government "Prime Minister James F. MITCHELL (since 30 July 1984); Deputy Prime Minister Parnel CAMPBELL (since NA February 1994); note - governor general appoints leader of the majority party to position of prime minister" );; line 96457 (wfb::source-text executive_branch saint_vincent_and_the_grenadines cabinet "Cabinet; appointed by the governor general on the advice of the prime minister" );; line 96461 (wfb::source-text legislative_structure saint_vincent_and_the_grenadines "unicameral" );; line 96466 (wfb::source-text legislative_branch saint_vincent_and_the_grenadines house_of_assembly "elections last held 21 February 1994 (next to be held NA July 1999); results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (21 total, 15 elected representatives and 6 appointed senators) NDP 12, ULP 3" );; line 96468 (wfb::source-text judicial_branch saint_vincent_and_the_grenadines "Eastern Caribbean Supreme Court (based on Saint Lucia)" );; line 96474 (wfb::source-text political_parties_and_leaders saint_vincent_and_the_grenadines "New Democratic Party (NDP), James MITCHELL (son of Prime Minister James F. MITCHELL); United People's Movement (UPM), Adrian SAUNDERS; National Reform Party (NRP), Joel MIGUEL; Unity Labor Party (ULP),Vincent BEACHE - formed by the coalition of Saint Vincent Labor Party (SVLP) and the Movement for National Unity (MNU)" );; line 96478 (wfb::source-text member_of saint_vincent_and_the_grenadines "ACP, C, CARICOM, CDB, ECLAC, FAO, G-77, GATT, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFRCS, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT (nonsignatory user), INTERPOL, IOC, ITU, OAS, OECS, OPANAL, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO" );; line 96486 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us saint_vincent_and_the_grenadines chief_of_mission "Ambassador Kingsley C.A. LAYNE" );; line 96494 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us saint_vincent_and_the_grenadines chancery "1717 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Suite 102, Washington, DC 20036" );; line 96496 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us saint_vincent_and_the_grenadines telephone "[1] (202) 462-7806, 7846" );; line 96498 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us saint_vincent_and_the_grenadines fax "[1] (202) 462-7807" );; line 96500 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation saint_vincent_and_the_grenadines "no official presence since the Ambassador resides in Bridgetown (Barbados)" );; line 96504 (wfb::source-text flag saint_vincent_and_the_grenadines "three vertical bands of blue (hoist side), gold (double width), and green; the gold band bears three green diamonds arranged in a V pattern" );; line 96509 (wfb::source-text overview saint_vincent_and_the_grenadines "Agriculture, dominated by banana production, is the most important sector of the economy. The services sector, based mostly on a growing tourist industry, is also important. In 1993, economic growth slowed to 1.4%, reflecting a sharp decline in agricultural production caused by drought. The government has been relatively unsuccessful at introducing new industries, and high unemployment rates of 35%-40% continue." );; line 96516 (wfb::source-text national_product saint_vincent_and_the_grenadines "GDP - purchasing power parity - $235 million (1994 est.)" );; line 96525 (wfb::source-text national_product_real_growth_rate saint_vincent_and_the_grenadines "2% (1994 est.)" );; line 96529 (wfb::source-text national_product_per_capita saint_vincent_and_the_grenadines "$2,000 (1994 est.)" );; line 96533 (wfb::source-text |Inflation rate (consumer prices)| saint_vincent_and_the_grenadines "4% (1993 est.)" );; line 96537 (wfb::source-text unemployment_rate saint_vincent_and_the_grenadines "35%-40% (1994 est.)" );; line 96541 (wfb::source-text budget saint_vincent_and_the_grenadines revenues "$66.2" );; line 96546 (wfb::source-text budget saint_vincent_and_the_grenadines expenditures "$77.3 million, including capital expenditures of $23 million (1993 est.)" );; line 96548 (wfb::source-text exports saint_vincent_and_the_grenadines "$57.1 million (f.o.b., 1993)" );; line 96553 (wfb::source-text exports saint_vincent_and_the_grenadines commodities "bananas, eddoes and dasheen (taro), arrowroot starch, tennis racquets" );; line 96555 (wfb::source-text exports saint_vincent_and_the_grenadines partners "UK 54%, CARICOM 34%, US 10%" );; line 96558 (wfb::source-text imports saint_vincent_and_the_grenadines "$134.6 million (f.o.b., 1993)" );; line 96562 (wfb::source-text imports saint_vincent_and_the_grenadines commodities "foodstuffs, machinery and equipment, chemicals and fertilizers, minerals and fuels" );; line 96564 (wfb::source-text imports saint_vincent_and_the_grenadines partners "US 36%, CARICOM 21%, UK 18%, Trinidad and Tobago 13%" );; line 96567 (wfb::source-text external_debt saint_vincent_and_the_grenadines "$74.9 million (1993)" );; line 96571 (wfb::source-text industrial_production saint_vincent_and_the_grenadines "NA" );; line 96575 (wfb::source-text electricity saint_vincent_and_the_grenadines capacity "16,600 kW" );; line 96580 (wfb::source-text electricity saint_vincent_and_the_grenadines production "50 million kWh" );; line 96582 (wfb::source-text electricity saint_vincent_and_the_grenadines consumption_per_capita "436 kWh (1993)" );; line 96584 (wfb::source-text industry saint_vincent_and_the_grenadines "food processing, cement, furniture, clothing, starch" );; line 96588 (wfb::source-text agriculture saint_vincent_and_the_grenadines "accounts for 14% of GDP and 60% of labor force; provides bulk of exports; products - bananas, coconuts, sweet potatoes, spices; small numbers of cattle, sheep, hogs, goats; small fish catch used locally" );; line 96592 (wfb::source-text illicit_drugs saint_vincent_and_the_grenadines "transshipment point for South American drugs destined for the US and Europe" );; line 96598 (wfb::source-text economic_aid saint_vincent_and_the_grenadines recipient "US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-87), $11 million; Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-89), $81 million" );; line 96604 (wfb::source-text currency saint_vincent_and_the_grenadines "1 EC dollar (EC$) = 100 cents" );; line 96609 (wfb::source-text exchange_rates saint_vincent_and_the_grenadines "East Caribbean dollars (EC$) per US$1 - 2.70 (fixed rate since 1976)" );; line 96613 (wfb::source-text fiscal_year saint_vincent_and_the_grenadines "calendar year" );; line 96618 (wfb::source-text railroads saint_vincent_and_the_grenadines "0 km" );; line 96623 (wfb::source-text highways saint_vincent_and_the_grenadines total "1,000 km" );; line 96628 (wfb::source-text highways saint_vincent_and_the_grenadines paved "300 km" );; line 96630 (wfb::source-text highways saint_vincent_and_the_grenadines unpaved "improved earth 400 km; unimproved earth 300 km" );; line 96632 (wfb::source-text port saint_vincent_and_the_grenadines "Kingstown" );; line 96636 (wfb::source-text merchant_marine saint_vincent_and_the_grenadines total "580 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 5,212,812 GRT/8,530,725 DWT" );; line 96641 (wfb::source-text merchant_marine saint_vincent_and_the_grenadines ships_by_type "bulk 106, cargo 289, chemical tanker 15, combination bulk 10, combination ore/oil 3, container 36, liquefied gas tanker 5, livestock carrier 2, oil tanker 53, passenger 2, passenger-cargo 1, refrigerated cargo 30, roll-on/roll-off cargo 25, short-sea passenger 1, specialized tanker 1, vehicle carrier 1" );; line 96644 (wfb::source-text airports saint_vincent_and_the_grenadines total "6" );; line 96657 (wfb::source-text airports saint_vincent_and_the_grenadines |with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m| "2" );; line 96659 (wfb::source-text airports saint_vincent_and_the_grenadines with_paved_runways_under_914_m "4" );; line 96661 (wfb::source-text telephone_system saint_vincent_and_the_grenadines "6,500 telephones; islandwide fully automatic telephone system" );; line 96666 (wfb::source-text telephone_system saint_vincent_and_the_grenadines local "NA" );; line 96668 (wfb::source-text telephone_system saint_vincent_and_the_grenadines intercity "VHF/UHF interisland links from Saint Vincent to the other islands of the Grenadines" );; line 96670 (wfb::source-text telephone_system saint_vincent_and_the_grenadines international "VHF/UHF interisland links from Saint Vincent to Barbados; new SHF links to Grenada and to Saint Lucia" );; line 96673 (wfb::source-text radio saint_vincent_and_the_grenadines broadcast_stations "AM 2, FM 0, shortwave 0" );; line 96679 (wfb::source-text radio saint_vincent_and_the_grenadines radios "NA" );; line 96681 (wfb::source-text television saint_vincent_and_the_grenadines broadcast_stations "1 cable" );; line 96686 (wfb::source-text television saint_vincent_and_the_grenadines televisions "NA" );; line 96688 (wfb::source-text defense_branch saint_vincent_and_the_grenadines "Royal Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Police Force, Coast Guard" );; line 96694 (wfb::source-text defense_expenditures saint_vincent_and_the_grenadines "$NA, NA% of GDP" );; line 96698 (wfb::source-text location san_marino "Southern Europe, an enclave in central Italy" );; line 96708 (wfb::source-text map_references san_marino "Europe" );; line 96712 (wfb::source-text area san_marino total_area "60 sq km" );; line 96717 (wfb::source-text area san_marino land_area "60 sq km" );; line 96719 (wfb::source-text area san_marino comparative_area "about 0.3 times the size of Washington, DC" );; line 96721 (wfb::source-text borders san_marino "total 39 km, Italy 39 km" );; line 96725 (wfb::source-text coastline san_marino "0 km (landlocked)" );; line 96729 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims san_marino "none; landlocked" );; line 96733 (wfb::source-text international_disputes san_marino "none" );; line 96737 (wfb::source-text climate san_marino "Mediterranean; mild to cool winters; warm, sunny summers" );; line 96741 (wfb::source-text terrain san_marino "rugged mountains" );; line 96745 (wfb::source-text natural-resource san_marino "building stone" );; line 96749 (wfb::source-text land_use san_marino arable_land "17%" );; line 96754 (wfb::source-text land_use san_marino permanent_crops "0%" );; line 96756 (wfb::source-text land_use san_marino meadows_and_pastures "0%" );; line 96758 (wfb::source-text land_use san_marino forest_and_woodland "0%" );; line 96760 (wfb::source-text land_use san_marino other "83%" );; line 96762 (wfb::source-text irrigated_land san_marino "NA sq km" );; line 96766 (wfb::source-text environment san_marino international_agreements "NA" );; line 96771 (wfb::source-text environment san_marino current_issues "NA" );; line 96773 (wfb::source-text environment san_marino natural_hazards "party to - Biodiversity, Climate Change, Nuclear Test Ban; signed, but not ratified - Air Pollution" );; line 96775 (wfb::source-text note san_marino "landlocked; smallest independent state in Europe after the Holy See and Monaco; dominated by the Apennines" );; line 96780 (wfb::source-text population san_marino "24,313 (July 1995 est.)" );; line 96787 (wfb::source-text age_structure san_marino 0-14_years "16% (female 1,944; male 1,962)" );; line 96792 (wfb::source-text age_structure san_marino 15-64_years "68% (female 8,243; male 8,354)" );; line 96794 (wfb::source-text age_structure san_marino 65_years_and_over "16% (female 2,198; male 1,612) (July 1995 est.)" );; line 96796 (wfb::source-text population_growth_rate san_marino "0.88% (1995 est.)" );; line 96800 (wfb::source-text birth_rate san_marino "10.98 births/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 96804 (wfb::source-text death_rate san_marino "7.61 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 96808 (wfb::source-text net_migration_rate san_marino "5.47 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 96812 (wfb::source-text infant_mortality_rate san_marino "5.6 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.)" );; line 96816 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth san_marino total_population "81.27 years" );; line 96821 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth san_marino male "77.26 years" );; line 96823 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth san_marino female "85.29 years (1995 est.)" );; line 96825 (wfb::source-text total_fertility_rate san_marino "1.52 children born/woman (1995 est.)" );; line 96829 (wfb::source-text nationality san_marino noun "Sammarinese (singular and plural)" );; line 96834 (wfb::source-text nationality san_marino adjective "Sammarinese" );; line 96836 (wfb::source-text ethnic-entity san_marino "Sammarinese, Italian" );; line 96840 (wfb::source-text religion san_marino "Roman Catholic" );; line 96844 (wfb::source-text language san_marino "Italian" );; line 96848 (wfb::source-text literacy san_marino "age 10 and over can read and write (1976)" );; line 96852 (wfb::source-text literacy san_marino total_population "96%" );; line 96854 (wfb::source-text literacy san_marino male "97%" );; line 96856 (wfb::source-text literacy san_marino female "95%" );; line 96858 (wfb::source-text total_labor_force san_marino "4,300 (est.)" );; line 96862 (wfb::source-text labor_force_by_occupation san_marino by_occupation "industry 42%, agriculture 3%" );; line 96864 (wfb::source-text names san_marino conventional_long_form "Republic of San Marino" );; line 96870 (wfb::source-text names san_marino conventional_short_form "San Marino" );; line 96872 (wfb::source-text names san_marino local_long_form "Repubblica di San Marino" );; line 96874 (wfb::source-text names san_marino local_short_form "San Marino" );; line 96876 (wfb::source-text digraph san_marino "SM" );; line 96880 (wfb::source-text type san_marino "republic" );; line 96884 (wfb::source-text capital san_marino "San Marino" );; line 96888 (wfb::source-text administrative_divisions san_marino "9 municipalities (castelli, singular - castello); Acquaviva, Borgo Maggiore, Chiesanuova, Domagnano, Faetano, Fiorentino, Monte Giardino, San Marino, Serravalle" );; line 96892 (wfb::source-text independence san_marino "301 AD (by tradition)" );; line 96898 (wfb::source-text national_holiday san_marino "Anniversary of the Foundation of the Republic, 3 September" );; line 96902 (wfb::source-text constitution san_marino "8 October 1600; electoral law of 1926 serves some of the functions of a constitution" );; line 96906 (wfb::source-text legal_system san_marino "based on civil law system with Italian law influences; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction" );; line 96911 (wfb::source-text suffrage san_marino "18 years of age; universal" );; line 96916 (wfb::source-text executive_branch san_marino co-chiefs_of_state "Captain Regent Marino BOLLINI and Captain Regent Settimio LONFERNINI (for the period 1 April 1995-30 September 1995)" );; line 96921 (wfb::source-text executive_branch san_marino head_of_government "Secretary of State Gabriele GATTI (since July 1986)" );; line 96924 (wfb::source-text executive_branch san_marino cabinet "Congress of State" );; line 96926 (wfb::source-text legislative_structure san_marino "unicameral" );; line 96940 (wfb::source-text legislative_branch san_marino great_and_general_council "(Consiglio Grande e Generale) elections last held 30 May 1993 (next to be held by NA May 1998); results - PDCS 41.4%, PSS 23.7%, PDP 18.6%, ADP 7.7%, MD 5.3%, RC 3.3%; seats - (60 total) PDCS 26, PSS 14, PDP 11, ADP 4, MD 3, RC 2" );; line 96942 (wfb::source-text judicial_branch san_marino "Council of Twelve (Consiglio dei XII)" );; line 96949 (wfb::source-text political_parties_and_leaders san_marino "Christian Democratic Party (PDCS), Cesare GASPERONI, secretary general; Democratic Progressive Party (PDP - formerly San Marino Communist Party (PSS)), Stefano MACINA, secretary general; San Marino Socialist Party (PSS), Maurizio RATTINI, secretary general; Democratic Movement (MD), Emilio Della BALDA; Popular Democratic Alliance (ADP); Communist Refoundation (RC), Guiseppe AMICHI, Renato FABBRI; Moderate Group, Alvaro SELVA; Social Democratic Party" );; line 96953 (wfb::source-text member_of san_marino "CE, ECE, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IOC, IOM (observer), ITU, NAM (guest), OSCE, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WTO" );; line 96963 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us san_marino |honorary consulate(s) general| "Washington and New York" );; line 96969 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us san_marino |honorary consulate(s)| "Detroit" );; line 96971 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation san_marino "no mission in San Marino, but the Consul General in Florence (Italy) is accredited to San Marino" );; line 96975 (wfb::source-text flag san_marino "two equal horizontal bands of white (top) and light blue with the national coat of arms superimposed in the center; the coat of arms has a shield (featuring three towers on three peaks) flanked by a wreath, below a crown and above a scroll bearing the word LIBERTAS (Liberty)" );; line 96980 (wfb::source-text overview san_marino "The tourist sector contributes over 50% of GDP. In 1993 more than 3 million tourists visited San Marino. The key industries are banking, wearing apparel, electronics, and ceramics. Main agricultural products are wine and cheeses. The per capita level of output and standard of living are comparable to those of Italy, which supplies much of its food." );; line 96988 (wfb::source-text national_product san_marino "GDP - purchasing power parity - $380 million (1993 est.)" );; line 96996 (wfb::source-text national_product_real_growth_rate san_marino "2.4% (1993 est.)" );; line 97000 (wfb::source-text national_product_per_capita san_marino "$15,800 (1993 est.)" );; line 97004 (wfb::source-text |Inflation rate (consumer prices)| san_marino "5.5% (1993)" );; line 97008 (wfb::source-text unemployment_rate san_marino "4.9% (December 1993)" );; line 97012 (wfb::source-text budget san_marino revenues "$275 million" );; line 97017 (wfb::source-text budget san_marino expenditures "$275 million, including capital expenditures of $NA (1992 est.)" );; line 97019 (wfb::source-text exports san_marino "trade data are included with the statistics for Italy; commodities: building stone, lime, wood, chestnuts, wheat, wine, baked goods, hides, and ceramics" );; line 97023 (wfb::source-text imports san_marino "wide variety of consumer manufactures, food" );; line 97029 (wfb::source-text external_debt san_marino "$NA" );; line 97033 (wfb::source-text industrial_production san_marino "growth rate NA%; accounts for 42% of labor force" );; line 97037 (wfb::source-text electricity san_marino "supplied by Italy" );; line 97041 (wfb::source-text industry san_marino "tourism, textiles, electronics, ceramics, cement, wine" );; line 97045 (wfb::source-text agriculture san_marino "employs 3% of labor force; products - wheat, grapes, maize, olives, meat, cheese, hides; small numbers of cattle, pigs, horses" );; line 97049 (wfb::source-text economic_aid san_marino "$NA" );; line 97054 (wfb::source-text currency san_marino "1 Italian lire (Lit) = 100 centesimi; note - also mints its own coins" );; line 97058 (wfb::source-text exchange_rates san_marino "Italian lire (Lit) per US$1 - 1,609.5 (January 1995), 1,612.4 (1994), 1,573.7 (1993), 1,232.4 (1992), 1,240.6 (1991), 1,198.1 (1990)" );; line 97063 (wfb::source-text fiscal_year san_marino "calendar year" );; line 97068 (wfb::source-text railroads san_marino "0 km" );; line 97073 (wfb::source-text highways san_marino total "104 km" );; line 97078 (wfb::source-text highways san_marino paved "NA" );; line 97080 (wfb::source-text highways san_marino unpaved "NA" );; line 97082 (wfb::source-text port san_marino "none" );; line 97086 (wfb::source-text airports san_marino "none" );; line 97090 (wfb::source-text telephone_system san_marino "11,700 telephones; automatic telephone system completely integrated into Italian system" );; line 97095 (wfb::source-text telephone_system san_marino local "NA" );; line 97098 (wfb::source-text telephone_system san_marino intercity "NA" );; line 97100 (wfb::source-text telephone_system san_marino international "microwave and cable links into Italian networks; no communication satellite facilities" );; line 97102 (wfb::source-text radio san_marino broadcast_stations "AM NA, FM NA, shortwave NA" );; line 97108 (wfb::source-text radio san_marino radios "NA" );; line 97110 (wfb::source-text television san_marino broadcast_stations "NA; note - receives broadcasts from Italy" );; line 97115 (wfb::source-text television san_marino televisions "NA" );; line 97117 (wfb::source-text defense_branch san_marino "public security or police force" );; line 97123 (wfb::source-text defense_expenditures san_marino "$3.7 million (1992 est.), 1% of GDP" );; line 97127 (wfb::source-text location sao_tome_and_principe "Western Africa, island in the Atlantic Ocean, straddling the equator, west of Gabon" );; line 97137 (wfb::source-text map_references sao_tome_and_principe "Africa" );; line 97142 (wfb::source-text area sao_tome_and_principe total_area "960 sq km" );; line 97147 (wfb::source-text area sao_tome_and_principe land_area "960 sq km" );; line 97149 (wfb::source-text area sao_tome_and_principe comparative_area "slightly less than 5.5 times the size of Washington, DC" );; line 97151 (wfb::source-text borders sao_tome_and_principe "0 km" );; line 97155 (wfb::source-text coastline sao_tome_and_principe "209 km" );; line 97159 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims sao_tome_and_principe "measured from claimed archipelagic baselines" );; line 97163 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims sao_tome_and_principe exclusive_economic_zone "200 nm" );; line 97165 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims sao_tome_and_principe territorial_sea "12 nm" );; line 97167 (wfb::source-text international_disputes sao_tome_and_principe "none" );; line 97171 (wfb::source-text climate sao_tome_and_principe "tropical; hot, humid; one rainy season (October to May)" );; line 97175 (wfb::source-text terrain sao_tome_and_principe "volcanic, mountainous" );; line 97179 (wfb::source-text natural-resource sao_tome_and_principe "fish" );; line 97183 (wfb::source-text land_use sao_tome_and_principe arable_land "1%" );; line 97188 (wfb::source-text land_use sao_tome_and_principe permanent_crops "20%" );; line 97190 (wfb::source-text land_use sao_tome_and_principe meadows_and_pastures "1%" );; line 97192 (wfb::source-text land_use sao_tome_and_principe forest_and_woodland "75%" );; line 97194 (wfb::source-text land_use sao_tome_and_principe other "3%" );; line 97196 (wfb::source-text irrigated_land sao_tome_and_principe "NA sq km" );; line 97200 (wfb::source-text environment sao_tome_and_principe current_issues "deforestation; soil erosion and exhaustion" );; line 97205 (wfb::source-text environment sao_tome_and_principe natural_hazards "NA" );; line 97207 (wfb::source-text environment sao_tome_and_principe international_agreements "party to - Environmental Modification, Law of the Sea; signed, but not ratified - Biodiversity, Climate Change" );; line 97209 (wfb::source-text population sao_tome_and_principe "140,423 (July 1995 est.)" );; line 97216 (wfb::source-text age_structure sao_tome_and_principe 0-14_years "40% (female 27,995; male 28,452)" );; line 97221 (wfb::source-text age_structure sao_tome_and_principe 15-64_years "55% (female 38,846; male 38,619)" );; line 97223 (wfb::source-text age_structure sao_tome_and_principe 65_years_and_over "5% (female 3,615; male 2,896) (July 1995 est.)" );; line 97225 (wfb::source-text population_growth_rate sao_tome_and_principe "2.62% (1995 est.)" );; line 97229 (wfb::source-text birth_rate sao_tome_and_principe "34.94 births/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 97233 (wfb::source-text death_rate sao_tome_and_principe "8.7 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 97237 (wfb::source-text net_migration_rate sao_tome_and_principe "0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 97241 (wfb::source-text infant_mortality_rate sao_tome_and_principe "62.1 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.)" );; line 97245 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth sao_tome_and_principe total_population "63.65 years" );; line 97250 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth sao_tome_and_principe male "61.76 years" );; line 97252 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth sao_tome_and_principe female "65.59 years (1995 est.)" );; line 97254 (wfb::source-text total_fertility_rate sao_tome_and_principe "4.44 children born/woman (1995 est.)" );; line 97258 (wfb::source-text nationality sao_tome_and_principe noun "Sao Tomean(s)" );; line 97263 (wfb::source-text nationality sao_tome_and_principe adjective "Sao Tomean" );; line 97265 (wfb::source-text ethnic-entity sao_tome_and_principe "mestico, angolares (descendents of Angolan slaves), forros (descendents of freed slaves), servicais (contract laborers from Angola, Mozambique, and Cape Verde), tongas (children of servicais born on the islands), Europeans (primarily Portuguese)" );; line 97269 (wfb::source-text religion sao_tome_and_principe "Roman Catholic, Evangelical Protestant, Seventh-Day Adventist" );; line 97276 (wfb::source-text language sao_tome_and_principe "Portuguese (official)" );; line 97280 (wfb::source-text literacy sao_tome_and_principe "age 15 and over can read and write (1991)" );; line 97284 (wfb::source-text literacy sao_tome_and_principe total_population "73%" );; line 97286 (wfb::source-text literacy sao_tome_and_principe male "85%" );; line 97288 (wfb::source-text literacy sao_tome_and_principe female "62%" );; line 97290 (wfb::source-text total_labor_force sao_tome_and_principe "most of population mainly engaged in subsistence agriculture and fishing; labor shortages on plantations and of skilled workers" );; line 97294 (wfb::source-text names sao_tome_and_principe conventional_long_form "Democratic Republic of Sao Tome and Principe" );; line 97301 (wfb::source-text names sao_tome_and_principe conventional_short_form "Sao Tome and Principe" );; line 97303 (wfb::source-text names sao_tome_and_principe local_long_form "Republica Democratica de Sao Tome e Principe" );; line 97305 (wfb::source-text names sao_tome_and_principe local_short_form "Sao Tome e Principe" );; line 97307 (wfb::source-text digraph sao_tome_and_principe "TP" );; line 97311 (wfb::source-text type sao_tome_and_principe "republic" );; line 97315 (wfb::source-text capital sao_tome_and_principe "Sao Tome" );; line 97319 (wfb::source-text administrative_divisions sao_tome_and_principe "2 districts (concelhos, singular - concelho); Principe, Sao Tome" );; line 97323 (wfb::source-text independence sao_tome_and_principe "12 July 1975 (from Portugal)" );; line 97327 (wfb::source-text national_holiday sao_tome_and_principe "Independence Day, 12 July (1975)" );; line 97331 (wfb::source-text constitution sao_tome_and_principe "approved March 1990; effective 10 September 1990" );; line 97335 (wfb::source-text legal_system sao_tome_and_principe "based on Portuguese law system and customary law; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction" );; line 97339 (wfb::source-text suffrage sao_tome_and_principe "18 years of age; universal" );; line 97344 (wfb::source-text executive_branch sao_tome_and_principe chief_of_state "President Miguel TROVOADA (since 4 April 1991); election last held 3 March 1991 (next to be held NA March 1996); results - Miguel TROVOADA was elected without opposition in Sao Tome's first multiparty presidential election" );; line 97349 (wfb::source-text executive_branch sao_tome_and_principe head_of_government "Prime Minister Carlos da GRACA (since 25 October 1994)" );; line 97354 (wfb::source-text executive_branch sao_tome_and_principe cabinet "Council of Ministers; appointed by the president on the proposal of the prime minister" );; line 97356 (wfb::source-text legislative_structure sao_tome_and_principe "unicameral" );; line 97361 (wfb::source-text legislative_branch sao_tome_and_principe |National People's Assembly| "(Assembleia Popular Nacional) parliament dissolved by President TROVOADA in July 1994; early elections held 2 October 1994; results - MLSTP 27%, PCD-GR 25.5%, ADI 25.5%; seats - (55 total) MLSTP 27, PCD-GR 14, ADI 14" );; line 97363 (wfb::source-text judicial_branch sao_tome_and_principe "Supreme Court" );; line 97369 (wfb::source-text political_parties_and_leaders sao_tome_and_principe "Party for Democratic Convergence-Reflection Group (PCD-GR), Daniel Lima Dos Santos DAIO, secretary general; Movement for the Liberation of Sao Tome and Principe (MLSTP), Carlos da GRACA; Christian Democratic Front (FDC), Alphonse Dos SANTOS; Democratic Opposition Coalition (CODO), leader NA; Independent Democratic Action (ADI), Gabriel COSTA; other small parties" );; line 97373 (wfb::source-text member_of sao_tome_and_principe "ACP, AfDB, CEEAC, ECA, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT (nonsignatory user), INTERPOL, IOC, IOM (observer), ITU, NAM, OAU, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WHO, WMO, WTO" );; line 97381 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us sao_tome_and_principe "Sao Tome and Principe has no embassy in the US, but does have a Permanent Mission to the UN, headed by First Secretary Domingos AUGUSTO Ferreira, located at 122 East 42nd Street, Suite 1604, New York, NY 10168, telephone [1] (212) 697-4211" );; line 97387 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation sao_tome_and_principe "ambassador to Gabon is accredited to Sao Tome and Principe on a nonresident basis and makes periodic visits to the islands" );; line 97394 (wfb::source-text flag sao_tome_and_principe "three horizontal bands of green (top), yellow (double width), and green with two black five-pointed stars placed side by side in the center of the yellow band and a red isosceles triangle based on the hoist side; uses the popular pan-African colors of Ethiopia" );; line 97399 (wfb::source-text overview sao_tome_and_principe "This small poor island economy has remained dependent on cocoa since independence 20 years ago. Since then, however, cocoa production has gradually declined because of drought and mismanagement, so that by 1987 annual output had fallen from 10,000 tons to 3,900 tons. As a result, a shortage of cocoa for export has created a serious balance-of-payments problem. Production of less important crops, such as coffee, copra, and palm kernels, has also declined. The value of imports generally exceeds that of exports by a ratio of 4:1 or more. The emphasis on cocoa production at the expense of other food crops has meant that Sao Tome has to import 90% of food needs. It also has to import all fuels and most manufactured goods. Over the years, Sao Tome has been unable to service its external debt and has had to depend on concessional aid and debt rescheduling. Considerable potential exists for development of a tourist industry, and the government has taken steps to expand facilities in recent years. The government also has attempted to reduce price controls and subsidies and to encourage market-based mechanisms, e. g., to facilitate the distribution of imported food. Annual GDP growth is estimated in the 3%-4% range for 1994-96." );; line 97407 (wfb::source-text national_product sao_tome_and_principe "GDP - purchasing power parity - $133 million (1993 est.)" );; line 97427 (wfb::source-text national_product_real_growth_rate sao_tome_and_principe "NA%" );; line 97431 (wfb::source-text national_product_per_capita sao_tome_and_principe "$1,000 (1993 est.)" );; line 97435 (wfb::source-text |Inflation rate (consumer prices)| sao_tome_and_principe "27% (1992 est.)" );; line 97439 (wfb::source-text unemployment_rate sao_tome_and_principe "NA%" );; line 97443 (wfb::source-text budget sao_tome_and_principe revenues "$10.2 million" );; line 97448 (wfb::source-text budget sao_tome_and_principe expenditures "$36.8 million, including capital expenditures of $22.5 million (1989 est.)" );; line 97450 (wfb::source-text exports sao_tome_and_principe "$5.5 million (f.o.b., 1993 est.)" );; line 97455 (wfb::source-text exports sao_tome_and_principe commodities "cocoa 78%, copra, coffee, palm oil (1992)" );; line 97457 (wfb::source-text exports sao_tome_and_principe partners "Netherlands, Germany, China, Portugal" );; line 97459 (wfb::source-text imports sao_tome_and_principe "$31.5 million (f.o.b., 1993 est.)" );; line 97463 (wfb::source-text imports sao_tome_and_principe commodities "machinery and electrical equipment 44%, food products 18%, petroleum 11% (1992)" );; line 97465 (wfb::source-text imports sao_tome_and_principe partners "Portugal, Japan, Spain, France, Angola" );; line 97468 (wfb::source-text external_debt sao_tome_and_principe "$237 million (1993)" );; line 97472 (wfb::source-text industrial_production sao_tome_and_principe "growth rate 1% (1991); accounts for 7% of GDP" );; line 97476 (wfb::source-text electricity sao_tome_and_principe capacity "5,000 kW" );; line 97481 (wfb::source-text electricity sao_tome_and_principe production "17 million kWh" );; line 97483 (wfb::source-text electricity sao_tome_and_principe consumption_per_capita "105 kWh (1993)" );; line 97485 (wfb::source-text industry sao_tome_and_principe "light construction, shirts, soap, beer, fisheries, shrimp processing" );; line 97489 (wfb::source-text agriculture sao_tome_and_principe "accounts for 25% of GDP; dominant sector of economy, primary source of exports; cash crops - cocoa, coconuts, palm kernels, coffee; food products - bananas, papaya, beans, poultry, fish; not self-sufficient in food grain and meat" );; line 97494 (wfb::source-text economic_aid sao_tome_and_principe recipient "US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-89), $8 million; Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-89), $89 million" );; line 97502 (wfb::source-text currency sao_tome_and_principe "1 dobra (Db) = 100 centimos" );; line 97507 (wfb::source-text exchange_rates sao_tome_and_principe "dobras (Db) per US$1 - 129.59 (1 July 1993), 230 (1992), 260.0 (November 1991), 122.48 (December 1988), 72.827 (1987)" );; line 97511 (wfb::source-text fiscal_year sao_tome_and_principe "calendar year" );; line 97516 (wfb::source-text railroads sao_tome_and_principe "0 km" );; line 97521 (wfb::source-text highways sao_tome_and_principe total "300 km" );; line 97526 (wfb::source-text highways sao_tome_and_principe paved "200 km" );; line 97528 (wfb::source-text highways sao_tome_and_principe unpaved "100 km" );; line 97530 (wfb::source-text port sao_tome_and_principe "Santo Antonio, Sao Tome" );; line 97536 (wfb::source-text merchant_marine sao_tome_and_principe total "1 cargo ship (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 1,096 GRT/1,105 DWT" );; line 97541 (wfb::source-text airports sao_tome_and_principe total "2" );; line 97546 (wfb::source-text airports sao_tome_and_principe |with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m| "1" );; line 97548 (wfb::source-text airports sao_tome_and_principe |with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m| "1" );; line 97550 (wfb::source-text telephone_system sao_tome_and_principe "NA; minimal system" );; line 97555 (wfb::source-text telephone_system sao_tome_and_principe local "NA" );; line 97557 (wfb::source-text telephone_system sao_tome_and_principe intercity "NA" );; line 97559 (wfb::source-text telephone_system sao_tome_and_principe international "1 Atlantic Ocean INTELSAT earth station" );; line 97561 (wfb::source-text radio sao_tome_and_principe broadcast_stations "AM 1, FM 2, shortwave 0" );; line 97566 (wfb::source-text radio sao_tome_and_principe radios "NA" );; line 97568 (wfb::source-text television sao_tome_and_principe broadcast_stations "0" );; line 97573 (wfb::source-text television sao_tome_and_principe televisions "NA" );; line 97575 (wfb::source-text defense_branch sao_tome_and_principe "Army, Navy, National Police" );; line 97581 (wfb::source-text manpower_availability sao_tome_and_principe "males age 15-49 33,789; males fit for military service 17,752 (1995 est.)" );; line 97585 (wfb::source-text defense_expenditures sao_tome_and_principe "$NA, NA% of GDP" );; line 97590 (wfb::source-text location saudi_arabia "Middle East, bordering the Persian Gulf and the Red Sea, north of Yemen" );; line 97600 (wfb::source-text map_references saudi_arabia "Middle East" );; line 97605 (wfb::source-text area saudi_arabia total_area "1,960,582 sq km" );; line 97610 (wfb::source-text area saudi_arabia land_area "1,960,582 sq km" );; line 97612 (wfb::source-text area saudi_arabia comparative_area "slightly less than one-fourth the size of the US" );; line 97614 (wfb::source-text borders saudi_arabia "total 4,415 km, Iraq 814 km, Jordan 728 km, Kuwait 222 km, Oman 676 km, Qatar 60 km, UAE 457 km, Yemen 1,458 km" );; line 97618 (wfb::source-text coastline saudi_arabia "2,640 km" );; line 97623 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims saudi_arabia contiguous_zone "18 nm" );; line 97628 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims saudi_arabia continental_shelf "not specified" );; line 97630 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims saudi_arabia territorial_sea "12 nm" );; line 97632 (wfb::source-text international_disputes saudi_arabia "large section of boundary with Yemen not defined; status of boundary with UAE not final; Kuwaiti ownership of Qaruh and Umm al Maradim islands is disputed by Saudi Arabia" );; line 97636 (wfb::source-text climate saudi_arabia "harsh, dry desert with great extremes of temperature" );; line 97642 (wfb::source-text terrain saudi_arabia "mostly uninhabited, sandy desert" );; line 97646 (wfb::source-text natural-resource saudi_arabia "petroleum, natural gas, iron ore, gold, copper" );; line 97650 (wfb::source-text land_use saudi_arabia arable_land "1%" );; line 97655 (wfb::source-text land_use saudi_arabia permanent_crops "0%" );; line 97657 (wfb::source-text land_use saudi_arabia meadows_and_pastures "39%" );; line 97659 (wfb::source-text land_use saudi_arabia forest_and_woodland "1%" );; line 97661 (wfb::source-text land_use saudi_arabia other "59%" );; line 97663 (wfb::source-text irrigated_land saudi_arabia "4,350 sq km (1989 est.)" );; line 97667 (wfb::source-text environment saudi_arabia current_issues "desertification; depletion of underground water resources; the lack of perennial rivers or permanent water bodies has prompted the development of extensive seawater desalination facilities; coastal pollution from oil spills" );; line 97672 (wfb::source-text environment saudi_arabia natural_hazards "frequent sand and dust storms" );; line 97677 (wfb::source-text environment saudi_arabia international_agreements "party to - Climate Change, Hazardous Wastes, Ozone Layer Protection; signed, but not ratified - Law of the Sea" );; line 97679 (wfb::source-text note saudi_arabia "extensive coastlines on Persian Gulf and Red Sea provide great leverage on shipping (especially crude oil) through Persian Gulf and Suez Canal" );; line 97684 (wfb::source-text population saudi_arabia "18,729,576 (July 1995 est.)" );; line 97691 (wfb::source-text age_structure saudi_arabia 0-14_years "43% (female 3,952,573; male 4,065,224)" );; line 97699 (wfb::source-text age_structure saudi_arabia 15-64_years "55% (female 4,078,001; male 6,219,737)" );; line 97701 (wfb::source-text age_structure saudi_arabia 65_years_and_over "2% (female 203,372; male 210,669) (July 1995 est.)" );; line 97703 (wfb::source-text population_growth_rate saudi_arabia "3.68% (1995 est.)" );; line 97707 (wfb::source-text birth_rate saudi_arabia "38.78 births/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 97711 (wfb::source-text death_rate saudi_arabia "5.54 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 97715 (wfb::source-text net_migration_rate saudi_arabia "3.56 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 97719 (wfb::source-text infant_mortality_rate saudi_arabia "48.9 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.)" );; line 97723 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth saudi_arabia total_population "68.5 years" );; line 97728 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth saudi_arabia male "66.79 years" );; line 97730 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth saudi_arabia female "70.3 years (1995 est.)" );; line 97732 (wfb::source-text total_fertility_rate saudi_arabia "6.48 children born/woman (1995 est.)" );; line 97736 (wfb::source-text nationality saudi_arabia noun "Saudi(s)" );; line 97741 (wfb::source-text nationality saudi_arabia adjective "Saudi or Saudi Arabian" );; line 97743 (wfb::source-text ethnic-entity saudi_arabia "Arab 90%, Afro-Asian 10%" );; line 97747 (wfb::source-text religion saudi_arabia "Muslim 100%" );; line 97751 (wfb::source-text language saudi_arabia "Arabic" );; line 97755 (wfb::source-text literacy saudi_arabia "age 15 and over can read and write (1990)" );; line 97759 (wfb::source-text literacy saudi_arabia total_population "62%" );; line 97761 (wfb::source-text literacy saudi_arabia male "73%" );; line 97763 (wfb::source-text literacy saudi_arabia female "48%" );; line 97765 (wfb::source-text total_labor_force saudi_arabia "5 million-6 million" );; line 97769 (wfb::source-text labor_force_by_occupation saudi_arabia by_occupation "government 34%, industry and oil 28%, services 22%, agriculture 16%" );; line 97771 (wfb::source-text names saudi_arabia conventional_long_form "Kingdom of Saudi Arabia" );; line 97778 (wfb::source-text names saudi_arabia conventional_short_form "Saudi Arabia" );; line 97780 (wfb::source-text names saudi_arabia local_long_form "Al Mamlakah al Arabiyah as Suudiyah" );; line 97782 (wfb::source-text names saudi_arabia local_short_form "Al Arabiyah as Suudiyah" );; line 97784 (wfb::source-text digraph saudi_arabia "SA" );; line 97788 (wfb::source-text type saudi_arabia "monarchy" );; line 97792 (wfb::source-text capital saudi_arabia "Riyadh" );; line 97796 (wfb::source-text administrative_divisions saudi_arabia "13 provinces (mintaqah, singular - mintaqat); Al Bahah, Al Hudud ash Shamaliyah, Al Jawf, Al Madinah, Al Qasim, Ar Riyad, Ash Sharqiyah, Asir, Hail, Jizan, Makkah, Najran, Tabuk" );; line 97800 (wfb::source-text independence saudi_arabia "23 September 1932 (unification)" );; line 97806 (wfb::source-text national_holiday saudi_arabia "Unification of the Kingdom, 23 September (1932)" );; line 97810 (wfb::source-text constitution saudi_arabia "none; governed according to Shari'a (Islamic law)" );; line 97814 (wfb::source-text legal_system saudi_arabia "based on Islamic law, several secular codes have been introduced; commercial disputes handled by special committees; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction" );; line 97818 (wfb::source-text suffrage saudi_arabia "none" );; line 97824 (wfb::source-text executive_branch saudi_arabia chief_of_state_and_head_of_government "King and Prime Minister FAHD bin Abd al-Aziz Al Saud (since 13 June 1982); Crown Prince and First Deputy Prime Minister ABDALLAH bin Abd al-Aziz Al Saud (half-brother to the King, appointed heir to the throne 13 June 1982)" );; line 97829 (wfb::source-text executive_branch saudi_arabia cabinet "Council of Ministers; dominated by royal family members appointed by the king" );; line 97834 (wfb::source-text legislative_structure saudi_arabia "a consultative council comprised of 60 members and a chairman who are appointed by the King for a term of four years" );; line 97839 (wfb::source-text judicial_branch saudi_arabia "Supreme Council of Justice" );; line 97844 (wfb::source-text political_parties_and_leaders saudi_arabia "none allowed" );; line 97848 (wfb::source-text member_of saudi_arabia "ABEDA, AfDB, AFESD, AL, AMF, CCC, ESCWA, FAO, G-19, G-77, GCC, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, INMARSAT, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, ISO, ITU, NAM, OAPEC, OAS (observer), OIC, OPEC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO" );; line 97852 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us saudi_arabia chief_of_mission "Ambassador BANDAR bin Sultan Abd al-Aziz Al Saud" );; line 97860 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us saudi_arabia chancery "601 New Hampshire Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20037" );; line 97862 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us saudi_arabia telephone "[1] (202) 342-3800" );; line 97864 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us saudi_arabia |consulate(s) general| "Houston, Los Angeles, and New York" );; line 97866 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation saudi_arabia chief_of_mission "Ambassador Raymond E. MABUS, Jr." );; line 97871 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation saudi_arabia embassy "Collector Road M, Diplomatic Quarter, Riyadh" );; line 97873 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation saudi_arabia mailing_address "American Embassy, Unit 61307, Riyadh; International Mail: P. O. Box 94309, Riyadh 11693; APO AE 09803-1307" );; line 97875 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation saudi_arabia telephone "[966] (1) 488-3800" );; line 97878 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation saudi_arabia fax "[966] (1) 482-4364" );; line 97880 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation saudi_arabia |consulate(s) general| "Dhahran, Jiddah (Jeddah)" );; line 97882 (wfb::source-text flag saudi_arabia "green with large white Arabic script (that may be translated as There is no God but God; Muhammad is the Messenger of God) above a white horizontal saber (the tip points to the hoist side); green is the traditional color of Islam" );; line 97886 (wfb::source-text overview saudi_arabia "This is a well-to-do oil-based economy with strong government controls over major economic activities. About 46% of GDP comes from the private sector. Economic (as well as political) ties with the US are especially strong. The petroleum sector accounts for roughly 75% of budget revenues, 35% of GDP, and almost all export earnings. Saudi Arabia has the largest reserves of petroleum in the world (26% of the proved total), ranks as the largest exporter of petroleum, and plays a leading role in OPEC. For the 1990s the government intends to bring its budget, which has been in deficit since 1983, back into balance, and to encourage private economic activity. Roughly four million foreign workers play an important role in the Saudi economy, for example, in the oil and banking sectors. For about a decade, Saudi Arabia's domestic and international outlays have outstripped its income, and the government has cut its foreign assistance and is beginning to rein in domestic programs. For 1995, the country looks for improvement in oil prices and will continue its policies of restraining public spending and encouraging non-oil exports." );; line 97894 (wfb::source-text national_product saudi_arabia "GDP - purchasing power parity - $173.1 billion (1994 est.)" );; line 97913 (wfb::source-text national_product_real_growth_rate saudi_arabia "-3% (1994 est.)" );; line 97917 (wfb::source-text national_product_per_capita saudi_arabia "$9,510 (1994 est.)" );; line 97921 (wfb::source-text |Inflation rate (consumer prices)| saudi_arabia "1% (1993 est.)" );; line 97925 (wfb::source-text unemployment_rate saudi_arabia "6.5% (1992 est.)" );; line 97929 (wfb::source-text budget saudi_arabia revenues "$39 billion" );; line 97934 (wfb::source-text budget saudi_arabia expenditures "$50 billion, including capital expenditures of $7.5 billion (1993 est.)" );; line 97936 (wfb::source-text exports saudi_arabia "$39.4 billion (f.o.b., 1993 est.)" );; line 97941 (wfb::source-text exports saudi_arabia commodities "petroleum and petroleum products 92%" );; line 97943 (wfb::source-text exports saudi_arabia partners "US 20%, Japan 18%, Singapore 5%, France 5%, South Korea 5% (1992)" );; line 97945 (wfb::source-text imports saudi_arabia "$28.9 billion (f.o.b., 1993 est.)" );; line 97949 (wfb::source-text imports saudi_arabia commodities "machinery and equipment, chemicals, foodstuffs, motor vehicles, textiles" );; line 97951 (wfb::source-text imports saudi_arabia partners "US 21%, Japan 14%, UK 11%, Germany 8%, Italy 6%, France 5% (1992)" );; line 97954 (wfb::source-text external_debt saudi_arabia "$18.9 billion (December 1989 est., includes short-term trade credits)" );; line 97958 (wfb::source-text industrial_production saudi_arabia "growth rate 20% (1991 est.); accounts for 35% of GDP, including petroleum" );; line 97963 (wfb::source-text electricity saudi_arabia capacity "17,550,000 kW" );; line 97969 (wfb::source-text electricity saudi_arabia production "46 billion kWh" );; line 97971 (wfb::source-text electricity saudi_arabia consumption_per_capita "2,430 kWh (1993)" );; line 97973 (wfb::source-text industry saudi_arabia "crude oil production, petroleum refining, basic petrochemicals, cement, two small steel-rolling mills, construction, fertilizer, plastics" );; line 97977 (wfb::source-text agriculture saudi_arabia "accounts for about 10% of GDP, 16% of labor force; subsidized by government; products - wheat, barley, tomatoes, melons, dates, citrus fruit, mutton, chickens, eggs, milk; approaching self-sufficiency in food" );; line 97982 (wfb::source-text illicit_drugs saudi_arabia "death penalty for traffickers; increasing consumption of heroin and cocaine" );; line 97988 (wfb::source-text economic_aid saudi_arabia donor "pledged bilateral aid (1979-89), $64.7 billion; pledged $100 million in 1993 to fund reconstruction of Lebanon" );; line 97994 (wfb::source-text currency saudi_arabia "1 Saudi riyal (SR) = 100 halalah" );; line 97999 (wfb::source-text exchange_rates saudi_arabia "Saudi riyals (SR) per US$1 - 3.7450 (fixed rate since late 1986), 3.7033 (1986)" );; line 98003 (wfb::source-text fiscal_year saudi_arabia "calendar year" );; line 98008 (wfb::source-text railroads saudi_arabia total "1,390 km" );; line 98014 (wfb::source-text railroads saudi_arabia standard_gauge "1,390 km 1.435-m gauge (448 km double track)" );; line 98016 (wfb::source-text highways saudi_arabia total "151,530 km" );; line 98021 (wfb::source-text highways saudi_arabia paved "60,610 km" );; line 98023 (wfb::source-text highways saudi_arabia unpaved "90,920 km (1992 est.)" );; line 98025 (wfb::source-text pipelines saudi_arabia "crude oil 6,400 km; petroleum products 150 km; natural gas 2,200 km (includes natural gas liquids 1,600 km)" );; line 98029 (wfb::source-text port saudi_arabia "Ad Dammam, Al Jubayl, Duba, Jiddah, Jizan, Rabigh, Ras al Khafji, Ras al Mishab, Ras Tanura, Yanbu' al Bahr, Yanbu' al Sinaiyah" );; line 98034 (wfb::source-text merchant_marine saudi_arabia total "71 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 855,452 GRT/1,233,477 DWT" );; line 98040 (wfb::source-text merchant_marine saudi_arabia ships_by_type "bulk 1, cargo 12, chemical tanker 5, container 3, liquefied gas tanker 1, livestock carrier 4, oil tanker 22, passenger 1, refrigerated cargo 4, roll-on/roll-off cargo 11, short-sea passenger 7" );; line 98042 (wfb::source-text airports saudi_arabia total "211" );; line 98049 (wfb::source-text airports saudi_arabia |with paved runways over 3,047 m| "30" );; line 98051 (wfb::source-text airports saudi_arabia |with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m| "12" );; line 98053 (wfb::source-text airports saudi_arabia |with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m| "22" );; line 98055 (wfb::source-text airports saudi_arabia |with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m| "4" );; line 98057 (wfb::source-text airports saudi_arabia with_paved_runways_under_914_m "21" );; line 98059 (wfb::source-text airports saudi_arabia |with unpaved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m| "6" );; line 98061 (wfb::source-text airports saudi_arabia |with unpaved runways 1,524 to 2,438 m| "73" );; line 98063 (wfb::source-text airports saudi_arabia |with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m| "43" );; line 98065 (wfb::source-text telephone_system saudi_arabia "1,624,000 telephones; modern system" );; line 98070 (wfb::source-text telephone_system saudi_arabia local "NA" );; line 98072 (wfb::source-text telephone_system saudi_arabia intercity "extensive microwave and coaxial and fiber optic cable systems" );; line 98074 (wfb::source-text telephone_system saudi_arabia international "microwave radio relay to Bahrain, Jordan, Kuwait, Qatar, UAE, Yemen, and Sudan; coaxial cable to Kuwait and Jordan; submarine cable to Djibouti, Egypt and Bahrain; earth stations - 5 INTELSAT (3 Atlantic Ocean and 2 Indian Ocean), 1 ARABSAT, and 1 INMARSAT" );; line 98076 (wfb::source-text radio saudi_arabia broadcast_stations "AM 43, FM 13, shortwave 0" );; line 98084 (wfb::source-text radio saudi_arabia radios "NA" );; line 98086 (wfb::source-text television saudi_arabia broadcast_stations "80" );; line 98091 (wfb::source-text television saudi_arabia televisions "NA" );; line 98093 (wfb::source-text defense_branch saudi_arabia "Land Force (Army), Navy, Air Force, Air Defense Force, National Guard, Coast Guard, Frontier Forces, Special Security Force, Public Security Force" );; line 98099 (wfb::source-text manpower_availability saudi_arabia "males age 15-49 5,303,679; males fit for military service 2,949,842; males reach military age (17) annually 164,220 (1995 est.)" );; line 98105 (wfb::source-text defense_expenditures saudi_arabia "exchange rate conversion - $17.2 billion, 13.8% of GDP (1994)" );; line 98110 (wfb::source-text location senegal "Western Africa, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean, between Guinea-Bissau and Mauritania" );; line 98120 (wfb::source-text map_references senegal "Africa" );; line 98125 (wfb::source-text area senegal total_area "196,190 sq km" );; line 98130 (wfb::source-text area senegal land_area "192,000 sq km" );; line 98132 (wfb::source-text area senegal comparative_area "slightly smaller than South Dakota" );; line 98134 (wfb::source-text borders senegal "total 2,640 km, The Gambia 740 km, Guinea 330 km, Guinea-Bissau 338 km, Mali 419 km, Mauritania 813 km" );; line 98138 (wfb::source-text coastline senegal "531 km" );; line 98143 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims senegal contiguous_zone "24 nm" );; line 98148 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims senegal continental_shelf "200 nm or to the edge of the continental margin" );; line 98150 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims senegal exclusive_economic_zone "200 nm" );; line 98152 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims senegal territorial_sea "12 nm" );; line 98154 (wfb::source-text international_disputes senegal "short section of the boundary with The Gambia is indefinite; boundary with Mauritania in dispute;" );; line 98158 (wfb::source-text climate senegal "tropical; hot, humid; rainy season (December to April) has strong southeast winds; dry season (May to November) dominated by hot, dry harmattan wind" );; line 98163 (wfb::source-text terrain senegal "generally low, rolling, plains rising to foothills in southeast" );; line 98169 (wfb::source-text natural-resource senegal "fish, phosphates, iron ore" );; line 98173 (wfb::source-text land_use senegal arable_land "27%" );; line 98178 (wfb::source-text land_use senegal permanent_crops "0%" );; line 98180 (wfb::source-text land_use senegal meadows_and_pastures "30%" );; line 98182 (wfb::source-text land_use senegal forest_and_woodland "31%" );; line 98184 (wfb::source-text land_use senegal other "12%" );; line 98186 (wfb::source-text irrigated_land senegal "1,800 sq km (1989 est.)" );; line 98190 (wfb::source-text environment senegal current_issues "wildlife populations threatened by poaching; deforestation; overgrazing; soil erosion; desertification; overfishing" );; line 98195 (wfb::source-text environment senegal natural_hazards "lowlands seasonally flooded; periodic droughts" );; line 98198 (wfb::source-text environment senegal international_agreements "party to - Biodiversity, Climate Change, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Life Conservation, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands, Whaling; signed, but not ratified - Desertification, Marine Dumping" );; line 98200 (wfb::source-text note senegal "The Gambia is almost an enclave of Senegal" );; line 98207 (wfb::source-text population senegal "9,007,080 (July 1995 est.)" );; line 98213 (wfb::source-text age_structure senegal 0-14_years "45% (female 2,004,514; male 2,021,251)" );; line 98218 (wfb::source-text age_structure senegal 15-64_years "52% (female 2,398,609; male 2,301,236)" );; line 98220 (wfb::source-text age_structure senegal 65_years_and_over "3% (female 140,128; male 141,342) (July 1995 est.)" );; line 98222 (wfb::source-text population_growth_rate senegal "3.12% (1995 est.)" );; line 98226 (wfb::source-text birth_rate senegal "42.87 births/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 98230 (wfb::source-text death_rate senegal "11.64 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 98234 (wfb::source-text net_migration_rate senegal "NA migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 98238 (wfb::source-text infant_mortality_rate senegal "73.6 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.)" );; line 98242 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth senegal total_population "57.16 years" );; line 98247 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth senegal male "55.65 years" );; line 98249 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth senegal female "58.71 years (1995 est.)" );; line 98251 (wfb::source-text total_fertility_rate senegal "6.03 children born/woman (1995 est.)" );; line 98255 (wfb::source-text nationality senegal noun "Senegalese (singular and plural)" );; line 98260 (wfb::source-text nationality senegal adjective "Senegalese" );; line 98262 (wfb::source-text ethnic-entity senegal "Wolof 36%, Fulani 17%, Serer 17%, Toucouleur 9%, Diola 9%, Mandingo 9%, European and Lebanese 1%, other 2%" );; line 98266 (wfb::source-text religion senegal "Muslim 92%, indigenous beliefs 6%, Christian 2% (mostly Roman Catholic)" );; line 98271 (wfb::source-text language senegal "French (official), Wolof, Pulaar, Diola, Mandingo" );; line 98276 (wfb::source-text literacy senegal "age 15 and over can read and write (1988)" );; line 98280 (wfb::source-text literacy senegal total_population "27%" );; line 98282 (wfb::source-text literacy senegal male "37%" );; line 98284 (wfb::source-text literacy senegal female "18%" );; line 98286 (wfb::source-text total_labor_force senegal "2.509 million (77% are engaged in subsistence farming; 175,000 wage earners)" );; line 98290 (wfb::source-text labor_force_by_occupation senegal by_occupation "private sector 40%, government and parapublic 60%" );; line 98293 (wfb::source-text names senegal conventional_long_form "Republic of Senegal" );; line 98299 (wfb::source-text names senegal conventional_short_form "Senegal" );; line 98301 (wfb::source-text names senegal local_long_form "Republique du Senegal" );; line 98303 (wfb::source-text names senegal local_short_form "Senegal" );; line 98305 (wfb::source-text digraph senegal "SG" );; line 98309 (wfb::source-text type senegal "republic under multiparty democratic rule" );; line 98313 (wfb::source-text capital senegal "Dakar" );; line 98317 (wfb::source-text administrative_divisions senegal "10 regions (regions, singular - region); Dakar, Diourbel, Fatick, Kaolack, Kolda, Louga, Saint-Louis, Tambacounda, Thies, Ziguinchor" );; line 98321 (wfb::source-text independence senegal "20 August 1960 (from France; The Gambia and Senegal signed an agreement on 12 December 1981 that called for the creation of a loose confederation to be known as Senegambia, but the agreement was dissolved on 30 September 1989)" );; line 98326 (wfb::source-text national_holiday senegal "Independence Day, 4 April (1960)" );; line 98333 (wfb::source-text constitution senegal "3 March 1963, revised 1991" );; line 98337 (wfb::source-text legal_system senegal "based on French civil law system; judicial review of legislative acts in Supreme Court, which also audits the government's accounting office; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction" );; line 98341 (wfb::source-text suffrage senegal "18 years of age; universal" );; line 98347 (wfb::source-text executive_branch senegal chief_of_state "President Abdou DIOUF (since 1 January 1981); election last held 21 February 1993 (next to be held NA February 2000); results - Abdou DIOUF (PS) 58.4%, Abdoulaye WADE (PDS) 32.03%, other 9.57%" );; line 98352 (wfb::source-text executive_branch senegal head_of_government "Prime Minister Habib THIAM (since 7 April 1991)" );; line 98356 (wfb::source-text executive_branch senegal cabinet "Council of Ministers; appointed by the prime minister in consultation with the president" );; line 98358 (wfb::source-text legislative_structure senegal "unicameral" );; line 98363 (wfb::source-text legislative_branch senegal |National Assembly (Assemblee Nationale)| "elections last held 9 May 1993 (next to be held NA May 1998); results - PS 70%, PDS 23%, other 7%; seats - (120 total) PS 84, PDS 27, LD-MPT 3, Let Us Unite Senegal 3, PIT 2, UDS-R 1" );; line 98365 (wfb::source-text judicial_branch senegal "Supreme Court (Cour Supreme)" );; line 98371 (wfb::source-text political_parties_and_leaders senegal "Socialist Party (PS), President Abdou DIOUF; Senegalese Democratic Party (PDS), Abdoulaye WADE; Democratic League-Labor Party Movement (LD-MPT), Dr. Abdoulaye BATHILY; Independent Labor Party (PIT), Amath DANSOKHO; Senegalese Democratic Union-Renewal (UDS-R), Mamadou Puritain FALL; Let Us Unite Senegal (coalition of African Party for Democracy and Socialism and National Democratic Rally); other small uninfluential parties" );; line 98375 (wfb::source-text other_political_or_pressure_groups senegal "students; teachers; labor; Muslim Brotherhoods" );; line 98384 (wfb::source-text member_of senegal "ACCT, ACP, AfDB, CCC, CEAO, ECA, ECOWAS, FAO, FZ, G-15, G-77, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, INMARSAT, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, IOM (observer), ITU, NAM, OAU, OIC, PCA, UN, UNAMIR, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNIKOM, UNMIH, UNOMUR, UPU, WADB, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO" );; line 98388 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us senegal chief_of_mission "Ambassador Mamadou Mansour SECK" );; line 98397 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us senegal chancery "2112 Wyoming Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008" );; line 98399 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us senegal telephone "[1] (202) 234-0540, 0541" );; line 98401 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation senegal chief_of_mission "Ambassador Mark JOHNSON" );; line 98406 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation senegal embassy "Avenue Jean XXIII at the corner of Avenue Kleber, Dakar" );; line 98408 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation senegal mailing_address "B. P. 49, Dakar" );; line 98410 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation senegal telephone "[221] 23 42 96, 23 34 24" );; line 98412 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation senegal fax "[221] 22 29 91" );; line 98414 (wfb::source-text flag senegal "three equal vertical bands of green (hoist side), yellow, and red with a small green five-pointed star centered in the yellow band; uses the popular pan-African colors of Ethiopia" );; line 98418 (wfb::source-text overview senegal "In 1994 Senegal embarked on its most concerted structural adjustment effort yet to exploit the 50% devaluation of the currencies of the 14 Francophone African nations on 12 January. After years of foot-dragging, the government finally passed a liberalized labor code which should significantly help lower the cost of labor and improve the manufacturing sector's competitiveness. Inroads also have been made in closing tax loopholes and eliminating monopoly power in several sectors. At the same time the government is holding the line on current fiscal expenditure under the watchful eyes of international organizations on which it depends for substantial support. A bumper peanut crop - Senegal's main source of foreign exchange - coincided with an improvement of international prices and probably resulted in a doubling of earnings in 1994 over 1993. The country's narrow resource base, environmental degradation, and untamed population growth will continue to hold back growth in living standards over the medium term." );; line 98425 (wfb::source-text national_product senegal "GDP - purchasing power parity - $12.3 billion (1993 est.)" );; line 98442 (wfb::source-text national_product_real_growth_rate senegal "-2% (1993 est.)" );; line 98446 (wfb::source-text national_product_per_capita senegal "$1,450 (1993 est.)" );; line 98450 (wfb::source-text |Inflation rate (consumer prices)| senegal "-1.8% (1991 est.)" );; line 98454 (wfb::source-text unemployment_rate senegal "NA%" );; line 98458 (wfb::source-text budget senegal revenues "$1.2 billion" );; line 98463 (wfb::source-text budget senegal expenditures "$1.2 billion, including capital expenditures of $269 million (1992 est.)" );; line 98465 (wfb::source-text exports senegal "$904 million (f.o.b., 1991 est.)" );; line 98470 (wfb::source-text exports senegal commodities "fish, ground nuts (peanuts), petroleum products, phosphates, cotton" );; line 98472 (wfb::source-text exports senegal partners "France, other EC countries, Cote d'Ivoire, Mali" );; line 98475 (wfb::source-text imports senegal "$1.2 billion (c.i.f., 1991 est.)" );; line 98479 (wfb::source-text imports senegal commodities "foods and beverages, consumer goods, capital goods, petroleum" );; line 98481 (wfb::source-text imports senegal partners "France, other EC countries, Nigeria, Cote d'Ivoire, Algeria, China, Japan" );; line 98483 (wfb::source-text external_debt senegal "$2.9 billion (1990)" );; line 98488 (wfb::source-text industrial_production senegal "growth rate 1.9% (1991); accounts for 15% of GDP" );; line 98492 (wfb::source-text electricity senegal capacity "230,000 kW" );; line 98497 (wfb::source-text electricity senegal production "720 million kWh" );; line 98499 (wfb::source-text electricity senegal consumption_per_capita "79 kWh (1993)" );; line 98501 (wfb::source-text industry senegal "agricultural and fish processing, phosphate mining, petroleum refining, building materials" );; line 98505 (wfb::source-text agriculture senegal "accounts for 20% of GDP; major products - peanuts (cash crop), millet, corn, sorghum, rice, cotton, tomatoes, green vegetables; estimated two-thirds self-sufficient in food; fish catch of 354,000 metric tons in 1990" );; line 98510 (wfb::source-text illicit_drugs senegal "transshipment point for Southwest and Southeast Asian heroin moving to Europe and North America" );; line 98516 (wfb::source-text economic_aid senegal recipient "US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-89), $551 million; Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-89), $5.23 billion; OPEC bilateral aid (1979-89), $589 million; Communist countries (1970-89), $295 million" );; line 98522 (wfb::source-text currency senegal "1 CFA franc (CFAF) = 100 centimes" );; line 98529 (wfb::source-text exchange_rates senegal "Communaute Financiere Africaine francs (CFAF) per US$1 - 529.43 (January 1995), 555.20 (1994), 283.16 (1993), 264.69 (1992), 282.11 (1991), 272.26 (1990)" );; line 98533 (wfb::source-text fiscal_year senegal "calendar year" );; line 98543 (wfb::source-text railroads senegal total "905 km" );; line 98549 (wfb::source-text railroads senegal narrow_gauge "905 km 1.000-meter gauge (70 km double track)" );; line 98551 (wfb::source-text highways senegal total "14,007 km" );; line 98556 (wfb::source-text highways senegal paved "3,777 km" );; line 98558 (wfb::source-text highways senegal unpaved "crushed stone, improved earth 10,230 km" );; line 98560 (wfb::source-text inland_waterways senegal "897 km total; 785 km on the Senegal, 112 km on the Saloum" );; line 98564 (wfb::source-text port senegal "Dakar, Kaolack, Matam, Podor, Richard-Toll, Saint-Louis, Ziguinchor" );; line 98568 (wfb::source-text merchant_marine senegal total "1 bulk ship (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 1,995 GRT/3,775 DWT" );; line 98574 (wfb::source-text airports senegal total "24" );; line 98579 (wfb::source-text airports senegal |with paved runways over 3,047 m| "1" );; line 98581 (wfb::source-text airports senegal |with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m| "9" );; line 98583 (wfb::source-text airports senegal |with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m| "1" );; line 98585 (wfb::source-text airports senegal with_paved_runways_under_914_m "2" );; line 98587 (wfb::source-text airports senegal |with unpaved runways 1,524 to 2,438 m| "4" );; line 98589 (wfb::source-text airports senegal |with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m| "7" );; line 98591 (wfb::source-text telephone_system senegal "NA telephones; above-average urban system" );; line 98596 (wfb::source-text telephone_system senegal local "NA" );; line 98598 (wfb::source-text telephone_system senegal intercity "microwave and cable" );; line 98600 (wfb::source-text telephone_system senegal international "3 submarine cables; 1 INTELSAT (Atlantic Ocean) earth station" );; line 98602 (wfb::source-text radio senegal broadcast_stations "AM 8, FM 0, shortwave 0" );; line 98607 (wfb::source-text radio senegal radios "NA" );; line 98609 (wfb::source-text television senegal broadcast_stations "1" );; line 98614 (wfb::source-text television senegal televisions "NA" );; line 98616 (wfb::source-text defense_branch senegal "Army, Navy, Air Force, National Gendarmerie, National Police (Surete Nationale)" );; line 98622 (wfb::source-text manpower_availability senegal "males age 15-49 2,021,019; males fit for military service 1,054,855; males reach military age (18) annually 96,589 (1995 est.)" );; line 98627 (wfb::source-text defense_expenditures senegal "exchange rate conversion - $134 million, 2.1% of GDP (1993)" );; line 98632 (wfb::source-text location serbia_and_montenegro "Southeastern Europe, bordering the Adriatic Sea, between Albania and Bosnia and Herzegovina" );; line 98646 (wfb::source-text map_references serbia_and_montenegro "Ethnic Groups in Eastern Europe, Europe" );; line 98651 (wfb::source-text area serbia_and_montenegro total_area "102,350 sq km" );; line 98656 (wfb::source-text area serbia_and_montenegro land_area "102,136 sq km" );; line 98658 (wfb::source-text area serbia_and_montenegro comparative_area "slightly larger than Kentucky" );; line 98660 (wfb::source-text borders serbia_and_montenegro "total 2,246 km, Albania 287 km (114 km with Serbia; 173 km with Montenegro), Bosnia and Herzegovina 527 km (312 km with Serbia; 215 km with Montenegro), Bulgaria 318 km, Croatia (north) 241 km, Croatia (south) 25 km, Hungary 151 km, The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia 221 km, Romania 476 km" );; line 98668 (wfb::source-text coastline serbia_and_montenegro "199 km (Montenegro 199 km, Serbia 0 km)" );; line 98677 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims serbia_and_montenegro "NA" );; line 98681 (wfb::source-text international_disputes serbia_and_montenegro "Sandzak region bordering northern Montenegro and southeastern Serbia - Muslims seeking autonomy; disputes with Bosnia and Herzegovina and Croatia over Serbian populated areas; Albanian majority in Kosovo seeks independence from Serbian Republic" );; line 98685 (wfb::source-text climate serbia_and_montenegro "in the north, continental climate (cold winter and hot, humid summers with well distributed rainfall); central portion, continental and Mediterranean climate; to the south, Adriatic climate along the coast, hot, dry summers and autumns and relatively cold winters with heavy snowfall inland" );; line 98692 (wfb::source-text terrain serbia_and_montenegro "extremely varied; to the north, rich fertile plains; to the east, limestone ranges and basins; to the southeast, ancient mountain and hills; to the southwest, extremely high shoreline with no islands off the coast" );; line 98699 (wfb::source-text natural-resource serbia_and_montenegro "oil, gas, coal, antimony, copper, lead, zinc, nickel, gold, pyrite, chrome" );; line 98705 (wfb::source-text land_use serbia_and_montenegro arable_land "30%" );; line 98711 (wfb::source-text land_use serbia_and_montenegro permanent_crops "5%" );; line 98713 (wfb::source-text land_use serbia_and_montenegro meadows_and_pastures "20%" );; line 98715 (wfb::source-text land_use serbia_and_montenegro forest_and_woodland "25%" );; line 98717 (wfb::source-text land_use serbia_and_montenegro other "20%" );; line 98719 (wfb::source-text irrigated_land serbia_and_montenegro "NA sq km" );; line 98723 (wfb::source-text environment serbia_and_montenegro current_issues "pollution of coastal waters from sewage outlets, especially in tourist-related areas such as Kotor; air pollution around Belgrade and other industrial cities; water pollution from industrial wastes dumped into the Sava which flows into the Danube" );; line 98728 (wfb::source-text environment serbia_and_montenegro natural_hazards "destructive earthquakes" );; line 98733 (wfb::source-text environment serbia_and_montenegro international_agreements "NA" );; line 98735 (wfb::source-text note serbia_and_montenegro "controls one of the major land routes from Western Europe to Turkey and the Near East; strategic location along the Adriatic coast" );; line 98739 (wfb::source-text population serbia_and_montenegro total_population "11,101,833 (July 1995 est.)" );; line 98747 (wfb::source-text population serbia_and_montenegro_montenegro "708,248 (July 1995 est.)" );; line 98749 (wfb::source-text population serbia_and_montenegro_serbia "10,393,585 (July 1995 est.)" );; line 98751 (wfb::source-text age_structure serbia_and_montenegro_montenegro "*** No data for this item ***" );; line 98756 (wfb::source-text age_structure serbia_and_montenegro 0-14_years "22% (female 77,498; male 82,005)" );; line 98758 (wfb::source-text age_structure serbia_and_montenegro 15-64_years "68% (female 236,987; male 241,397)" );; line 98760 (wfb::source-text age_structure serbia_and_montenegro 65_years_and_over "10% (female 41,625; male 28,736) (July 1995 est.)" );; line 98762 (wfb::source-text age_structure serbia_and_montenegro_serbia "*** No data for this item ***" );; line 98764 (wfb::source-text age_structure serbia_and_montenegro 0-14_years "22% (female 1,095,121; male 1,173,224)" );; line 98766 (wfb::source-text age_structure serbia_and_montenegro 15-64_years "66% (female 3,431,823; male 3,483,066)" );; line 98768 (wfb::source-text age_structure serbia_and_montenegro 65_years_and_over "12% (female 699,488; male 510,863) (July 1995 est.)" );; line 98770 (wfb::source-text population_growth_rate serbia_and_montenegro_montenegro "0.79% (1995 est.)" );; line 98775 (wfb::source-text population_growth_rate serbia_and_montenegro_serbia "0.51% (1995 est.)" );; line 98777 (wfb::source-text birth_rate serbia_and_montenegro_montenegro "14.39 births/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 98782 (wfb::source-text birth_rate serbia_and_montenegro_serbia "14.15 births/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 98784 (wfb::source-text death_rate serbia_and_montenegro_montenegro "5.7 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 98789 (wfb::source-text death_rate serbia_and_montenegro_serbia "8.72 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 98791 (wfb::source-text net_migration_rate serbia_and_montenegro_montenegro "-0.78 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 98796 (wfb::source-text net_migration_rate serbia_and_montenegro_serbia "-0.36 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 98798 (wfb::source-text infant_mortality_rate serbia_and_montenegro_montenegro "9.8 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.)" );; line 98803 (wfb::source-text infant_mortality_rate serbia_and_montenegro_serbia "18.6 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.)" );; line 98805 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth serbia_and_montenegro_montenegro "*** No data for this item ***" );; line 98810 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth serbia_and_montenegro total_population "79.56 years" );; line 98812 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth serbia_and_montenegro male "76.69 years" );; line 98814 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth serbia_and_montenegro female "82.61 years (1995 est.)" );; line 98816 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth serbia_and_montenegro_serbia "*** No data for this item ***" );; line 98818 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth serbia_and_montenegro total_population "73.94 years" );; line 98820 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth serbia_and_montenegro male "71.4 years" );; line 98822 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth serbia_and_montenegro female "76.68 years (1995 est.)" );; line 98824 (wfb::source-text total_fertility_rate serbia_and_montenegro_montenegro "1.79 children born/woman (1995 est.)" );; line 98829 (wfb::source-text total_fertility_rate serbia_and_montenegro_serbia "2 children born/woman (1995 est.)" );; line 98831 (wfb::source-text nationality serbia_and_montenegro noun "Serb(s) and Montenegrin(s)" );; line 98836 (wfb::source-text nationality serbia_and_montenegro adjective "Serbian and Montenegrin" );; line 98838 (wfb::source-text ethnic-entity serbia_and_montenegro "Serbs 63%, Albanians 14%, Montenegrins 6%, Hungarians 4%, other 13%" );; line 98842 (wfb::source-text religion serbia_and_montenegro "Orthodox 65%, Muslim 19%, Roman Catholic 4%, Protestant 1%, other 11%" );; line 98847 (wfb::source-text language serbia_and_montenegro "Serbo-Croatian 95%, Albanian 5%" );; line 98852 (wfb::source-text literacy serbia_and_montenegro "NA%" );; line 98856 (wfb::source-text total_labor_force serbia_and_montenegro "2,640,909" );; line 98860 (wfb::source-text labor_force_by_occupation serbia_and_montenegro by_occupation "industry, mining 40% (1990)" );; line 98862 (wfb::source-text names serbia_and_montenegro conventional_long_form "none" );; line 98868 (wfb::source-text names serbia_and_montenegro conventional_short_form "Serbia and Montenegro" );; line 98870 (wfb::source-text names serbia_and_montenegro local_long_form "none" );; line 98872 (wfb::source-text names serbia_and_montenegro local_short_form "Srbija-Crna Gora" );; line 98874 (wfb::source-text digraph serbia_and_montenegro_serbia "SR" );; line 98879 (wfb::source-text digraph serbia_and_montenegro_montenegro "MW" );; line 98881 (wfb::source-text type serbia_and_montenegro "republic" );; line 98885 (wfb::source-text capital serbia_and_montenegro "Belgrade" );; line 98889 (wfb::source-text administrative_divisions serbia_and_montenegro "2 republics (pokajine, singular - pokajina); and 2 nominally autonomous provinces*; Kosovo*, Montenegro, Serbia, Vojvodina*" );; line 98893 (wfb::source-text independence serbia_and_montenegro "11 April 1992 (Federal Republic of Yugoslavia formed as self-proclaimed successor to the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia - SFRY)" );; line 98898 (wfb::source-text national_holiday serbia_and_montenegro "NA" );; line 98903 (wfb::source-text constitution serbia_and_montenegro "27 April 1992" );; line 98907 (wfb::source-text legal_system serbia_and_montenegro "based on civil law system" );; line 98911 (wfb::source-text suffrage serbia_and_montenegro "16 years of age, if employed; 18 years of age, universal" );; line 98915 (wfb::source-text executive_branch serbia_and_montenegro chief_of_state "President Zoran LILIC (since 25 June 1993); note - Slobodan MILOSEVIC is president of Serbia (since 9 December 1990); Momir BULATOVIC is president of Montenegro (since 23 December 1990); Federal Assembly elected Zoran LILIC on 25 June 1993" );; line 98920 (wfb::source-text executive_branch serbia_and_montenegro head_of_government "Prime Minister Radoje KONTIC (since 29 December 1992); Deputy Prime Ministers Jovan ZEBIC (since NA March 1993), Uros KLIKOVAC (since 15 September 1994), Nikola SAINOVIC (since 15 September 1995)" );; line 98925 (wfb::source-text executive_branch serbia_and_montenegro cabinet "Federal Executive Council" );; line 98929 (wfb::source-text legislative_structure serbia_and_montenegro "bicameral Federal Assembly" );; line 98933 (wfb::source-text legislative_branch serbia_and_montenegro chamber_of_republics "elections last held 20 December 1992 (next to be held NA 1996); results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (40 total, 20 Serbian, 20 Montenegrin) seats by party NA" );; line 98935 (wfb::source-text legislative_branch serbia_and_montenegro chamber_of_citizens "elections last held 20 December 1992 (next to be held NA 1996); results - percent of votes by party NA; seats - (138 total, 108 Serbian, 30 Montenegrin) SPS 47, SRS 34, Depos 20, DPSCG 17, DS 5, SP 5, NS 4, DZVM 3, other 3" );; line 98939 (wfb::source-text judicial_branch serbia_and_montenegro "Savezni Sud (Federal Court), Constitutional Court" );; line 98945 (wfb::source-text political_parties_and_leaders serbia_and_montenegro "Serbian Socialist Party (SPS, former Communist Party), Slobodan MILOSEVIC; Serbian Radical Party (SRS), Vojislav SESELJ; Serbian Renewal Movement (SPO), Vuk DRASKOVIC, president; Democratic Party (DS), Zoran DJINDJIC; Democratic Party of Serbia (Depos), Vojlslav KOSTUNICA; Democratic Party of Socialists of Montenegro (DPSCG), Momir BULATOVIC, president; People's Party of Montenegro (NS), Milan PAROSKI; Liberal Alliance of Montenegro, Slavko PEROVIC; Democratic Community of Vojvodina Hungarians (DZVM), Andras AGOSTON; League of Communists-Movement for Yugoslavia (SK-PJ), Dragan ATANASOVSKI; Democratic Alliance of Kosovo (LDK), Dr. Ibrahim RUGOVA, president; Party of Democratic Action (SDA), Sulejman UGLJANIN; Civic Alliance of Serbia (GSS), Vesna PESIC, chairman; Socialist Party of Montenegro (SP), leader NA" );; line 98949 (wfb::source-text other_political_or_pressure_groups serbia_and_montenegro "NA" );; line 98963 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us serbia_and_montenegro "US and Serbia and Montenegro do not maintain full diplomatic relations; the Embassy of the former Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia continues to function in the US" );; line 98967 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation serbia_and_montenegro chief_of_mission "(vacant); Charge d'Affaires Rudolf V. PERINA" );; line 98974 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation serbia_and_montenegro embassy "address NA, Belgrade" );; line 98976 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation serbia_and_montenegro mailing_address "Box 5070, Unit 1310, APO AE 09213-1310" );; line 98978 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation serbia_and_montenegro telephone "[381] (11) 645655" );; line 98980 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation serbia_and_montenegro fax "[381] (11) 645221" );; line 98982 (wfb::source-text flag serbia_and_montenegro "three equal horizontal bands of blue (top), white, and red" );; line 98986 (wfb::source-text overview serbia_and_montenegro "The swift collapse of the Yugoslav federation in 1991 has been followed by bloody ethnic warfare, the destabilization of republic boundaries, and the breakup of important interrepublic trade flows. Serbia and Montenegro faces major economic problems; output has dropped sharply, particularly in 1993. First, like the other former Yugoslav republics, it depended on its sister republics for large amounts of foodstuffs, energy supplies, and manufactures. Wide differences in climate, mineral resources, and levels of technology among the republics accentuated this interdependence, as did the communist practice of concentrating much industrial output in a small number of giant plants. The breakup of many of the trade links, the sharp drop in output as industrial plants lost suppliers and markets, and the destruction of physical assets in the fighting all have contributed to the economic difficulties of the republics. One singular factor in the economic situation of Serbia and Montenegro is the continuation in office of a communist government that is primarily interested in political and military mastery, not economic reform. A further complication is the imposition of economic sanctions by the UN in 1992. Hyperinflation ended with the establishment of a new currency unit in June 1993; prices were relatively stable in 1994. Reliable statistics are hard to come by; the GDP estimate of $1,000 per capita in 1994 is extremely rough. Output in 1994 seems to have leveled off after the plunge in 1993." );; line 98991 (wfb::source-text national_product serbia_and_montenegro "GDP - purchasing power parity - $10 billion (1994 est.)" );; line 99015 (wfb::source-text national_product_real_growth_rate serbia_and_montenegro "NA%" );; line 99019 (wfb::source-text national_product_per_capita serbia_and_montenegro "$1,000 (1994 est.)" );; line 99023 (wfb::source-text |Inflation rate (consumer prices)| serbia_and_montenegro "20% (January-November 1994 est.)" );; line 99027 (wfb::source-text unemployment_rate serbia_and_montenegro "more than 40% (1994 est.)" );; line 99031 (wfb::source-text budget serbia_and_montenegro revenues "$NA" );; line 99036 (wfb::source-text budget serbia_and_montenegro expenditures "$NA, including capital expenditures of $NA" );; line 99038 (wfb::source-text exports serbia_and_montenegro "$NA" );; line 99042 (wfb::source-text exports serbia_and_montenegro commodities "prior to the breakup of the federation, Yugoslavia exported machinery and transport equipment, manufactured goods, chemicals, food and live animals, raw materials" );; line 99044 (wfb::source-text exports serbia_and_montenegro partners "prior to the imposition of UN sanctions trade partners were the other former Yugoslav republics, Italy, Germany, other EC, the FSU countries, East European countries, US" );; line 99048 (wfb::source-text imports serbia_and_montenegro "$NA" );; line 99054 (wfb::source-text imports serbia_and_montenegro commodities "prior to the breakup of the federation, Yugoslavia imported machinery and transport equipment, fuels and lubricants, manufactured goods, chemicals, food and live animals, raw materials including coking coal for the steel industry" );; line 99056 (wfb::source-text imports serbia_and_montenegro partners "prior to the imposition of UN sanctions trade partners were the other former Yugoslav republics, the FSU countries, EC countries (mainly Italy and Germany), East European countries, US" );; line 99061 (wfb::source-text external_debt serbia_and_montenegro "$4.2 billion (1993 est.)" );; line 99067 (wfb::source-text industrial_production serbia_and_montenegro "growth rate NA%" );; line 99071 (wfb::source-text electricity serbia_and_montenegro capacity "10,400,000 kW" );; line 99076 (wfb::source-text electricity serbia_and_montenegro production "34 billion kWh" );; line 99078 (wfb::source-text electricity serbia_and_montenegro consumption_per_capita "2,400 kWh (1994 est.)" );; line 99080 (wfb::source-text industry serbia_and_montenegro "machine building (aircraft, trucks, and automobiles; armored vehicles and weapons; electrical equipment; agricultural machinery), metallurgy (steel, aluminum, copper, lead, zinc, chromium, antimony, bismuth, cadmium), mining (coal, bauxite, nonferrous ore, iron ore, limestone), consumer goods (textiles, footwear, foodstuffs, appliances), electronics, petroleum products, chemicals, and pharmaceuticals" );; line 99084 (wfb::source-text agriculture serbia_and_montenegro "the fertile plains of Vojvodina produce 80% of the cereal production of the former Yugoslavia and most of the cotton, oilseeds, and chicory; Vojvodina also produces fodder crops to support intensive beef and dairy production; Serbia proper, although hilly, has a well-distributed rainfall and a long growing season; produces fruit, grapes, and cereals; in this area, livestock production (sheep and cattle) and dairy farming prosper; Kosovo produces fruits, vegetables, tobacco, and a small amount of cereals; the mountainous pastures of Kosovo and Montenegro support sheep and goat husbandry; Montenegro has only a small agriculture sector, mostly near the coast where a Mediterranean climate permits the culture of olives, citrus, grapes, and rice" );; line 99093 (wfb::source-text illicit_drugs serbia_and_montenegro "NA" );; line 99106 (wfb::source-text economic_aid serbia_and_montenegro "$NA" );; line 99110 (wfb::source-text currency serbia_and_montenegro "1 Yugoslav New Dinar (YD) = 100 paras" );; line 99114 (wfb::source-text exchange_rates serbia_and_montenegro "Yugoslav New Dinars (YD) per US $1 - 102.6 (February 1995 black market rate)" );; line 99118 (wfb::source-text fiscal_year serbia_and_montenegro "calendar year" );; line 99123 (wfb::source-text railroads serbia_and_montenegro total "3,960 km" );; line 99129 (wfb::source-text railroads serbia_and_montenegro standard_gauge "3,960 km 1.435-m gauge (partially electrified) (1992)" );; line 99131 (wfb::source-text highways serbia_and_montenegro total "46,019 km" );; line 99136 (wfb::source-text highways serbia_and_montenegro paved "26,949 km" );; line 99138 (wfb::source-text highways serbia_and_montenegro unpaved "gravel 10,373 km; earth 8,697 km (1990)" );; line 99140 (wfb::source-text inland_waterways serbia_and_montenegro "NA km" );; line 99144 (wfb::source-text pipelines serbia_and_montenegro "crude oil 415 km; petroleum products 130 km; natural gas 2,110 km" );; line 99148 (wfb::source-text port serbia_and_montenegro "Bar, Belgrade, Kotor, Novi Sad, Pancevo, Tivat" );; line 99153 (wfb::source-text merchant_marine serbia_and_montenegro_montenegro "total 35 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 543,511 GRT/891,664 DWT (controlled by Montenegrin beneficial owners)" );; line 99158 (wfb::source-text merchant_marine serbia_and_montenegro ships_by_type "bulk 15, cargo 14, container 5, short-sea passenger ferry 1" );; line 99161 (wfb::source-text merchant_marine serbia_and_montenegro_serbia "total 2 (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 113,471 GRT/212,742 DWT (controlled by Serbian beneficial owners)" );; line 99166 (wfb::source-text merchant_marine serbia_and_montenegro ships_by_type "bulk 2" );; line 99169 (wfb::source-text airports serbia_and_montenegro total "54" );; line 99177 (wfb::source-text airports serbia_and_montenegro |with paved runways over 3,047 m| "2" );; line 99179 (wfb::source-text airports serbia_and_montenegro |with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m| "5" );; line 99181 (wfb::source-text airports serbia_and_montenegro |with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m| "5" );; line 99183 (wfb::source-text airports serbia_and_montenegro |with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m| "2" );; line 99185 (wfb::source-text airports serbia_and_montenegro with_paved_runways_under_914_m "24" );; line 99187 (wfb::source-text airports serbia_and_montenegro |with unpaved runways 1,524 to 2,438 m| "2" );; line 99189 (wfb::source-text airports serbia_and_montenegro |with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m| "14" );; line 99191 (wfb::source-text telephone_system serbia_and_montenegro "700,000 telephones" );; line 99196 (wfb::source-text telephone_system serbia_and_montenegro local "NA" );; line 99198 (wfb::source-text telephone_system serbia_and_montenegro intercity "NA" );; line 99200 (wfb::source-text telephone_system serbia_and_montenegro international "1 INTELSAT (Atlantic Ocean) earth station" );; line 99202 (wfb::source-text radio serbia_and_montenegro broadcast_stations "AM 26, FM 9, shortwave 0" );; line 99207 (wfb::source-text radio serbia_and_montenegro radios "2.015 million" );; line 99209 (wfb::source-text television serbia_and_montenegro broadcast_stations "18" );; line 99214 (wfb::source-text television serbia_and_montenegro televisions "1 million" );; line 99216 (wfb::source-text defense_branch serbia_and_montenegro "People's Army (includes Ground Forces with internal and border troops, Naval Forces, and Air and Air Defense Forces), Civil Defense" );; line 99222 (wfb::source-text manpower_availability serbia_and_montenegro_montenegro "males age 15-49 194,154; males fit for military service 157,611; males reach military age (19) annually 5,498 (1995 est.)" );; line 99228 (wfb::source-text manpower_availability serbia_and_montenegro_serbia "males age 15-49 2,652,224; males fit for military service 2,131,894 (1995 est.)" );; line 99231 (wfb::source-text defense_expenditures serbia_and_montenegro "245 billion dinars, 4% to 6% of GDP (1992 est.); note - conversion of defense expenditures into US dollars using the current exchange rate could produce misleading results" );; line 99236 (wfb::source-text location seychelles "Eastern Africa, group of islands in the Indian Ocean, northeast of Madagascar" );; line 99248 (wfb::source-text map_references seychelles "Africa" );; line 99253 (wfb::source-text area seychelles total_area "455 sq km" );; line 99258 (wfb::source-text area seychelles land_area "455 sq km" );; line 99260 (wfb::source-text area seychelles comparative_area "slightly more than 2.5 times the size of Washington, DC" );; line 99262 (wfb::source-text borders seychelles "0 km" );; line 99266 (wfb::source-text coastline seychelles "491 km" );; line 99270 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims seychelles continental_shelf "200 nm or to the edge of the continental margin" );; line 99275 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims seychelles exclusive_economic_zone "200 nm" );; line 99277 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims seychelles territorial_sea "12 nm" );; line 99279 (wfb::source-text international_disputes seychelles "claims Tromelin Island" );; line 99283 (wfb::source-text climate seychelles "tropical marine; humid; cooler season during southeast monsoon (late May to September); warmer season during northwest monsoon (March to May)" );; line 99287 (wfb::source-text terrain seychelles "Mahe Group is granitic, narrow coastal strip, rocky, hilly; others are coral, flat, elevated reefs" );; line 99293 (wfb::source-text natural-resource seychelles "fish, copra, cinnamon trees" );; line 99298 (wfb::source-text land_use seychelles arable_land "4%" );; line 99303 (wfb::source-text land_use seychelles permanent_crops "18%" );; line 99305 (wfb::source-text land_use seychelles meadows_and_pastures "0%" );; line 99307 (wfb::source-text land_use seychelles forest_and_woodland "18%" );; line 99309 (wfb::source-text land_use seychelles other "60%" );; line 99311 (wfb::source-text irrigated_land seychelles "NA sq km" );; line 99315 (wfb::source-text environment seychelles current_issues "no natural fresh water resources, catchments collect rain water" );; line 99320 (wfb::source-text environment seychelles natural_hazards "lies outside the cyclone belt, so severe storms are rare; short droughts possible" );; line 99322 (wfb::source-text environment seychelles international_agreements "party to - Biodiversity, Climate Change, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Whaling; signed, but not ratified - Desertification" );; line 99325 (wfb::source-text note seychelles "40 granitic and about 50 coralline islands" );; line 99331 (wfb::source-text population seychelles "72,709 (July 1995 est.)" );; line 99337 (wfb::source-text age_structure seychelles 0-14_years "32% (female 11,630; male 11,811)" );; line 99342 (wfb::source-text age_structure seychelles 15-64_years "62% (female 23,229; male 21,679)" );; line 99344 (wfb::source-text age_structure seychelles 65_years_and_over "6% (female 2,875; male 1,485) (July 1995 est.)" );; line 99346 (wfb::source-text population_growth_rate seychelles "0.81% (1995 est.)" );; line 99350 (wfb::source-text birth_rate seychelles "21.35 births/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 99354 (wfb::source-text death_rate seychelles "6.7 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 99358 (wfb::source-text net_migration_rate seychelles "-6.6 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 99362 (wfb::source-text infant_mortality_rate seychelles "11.4 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.)" );; line 99366 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth seychelles total_population "70.08 years" );; line 99371 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth seychelles male "66.54 years" );; line 99373 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth seychelles female "73.73 years (1995 est.)" );; line 99375 (wfb::source-text total_fertility_rate seychelles "2.16 children born/woman (1995 est.)" );; line 99379 (wfb::source-text nationality seychelles noun "Seychellois (singular and plural)" );; line 99384 (wfb::source-text nationality seychelles adjective "Seychelles" );; line 99386 (wfb::source-text ethnic-entity seychelles "Seychellois (mixture of Asians, Africans, Europeans)" );; line 99390 (wfb::source-text religion seychelles "Roman Catholic 90%, Anglican 8%, other 2%" );; line 99394 (wfb::source-text language seychelles "English (official), French (official), Creole" );; line 99398 (wfb::source-text literacy seychelles "age 15 and over can read and write (1971)" );; line 99402 (wfb::source-text literacy seychelles total_population "58%" );; line 99404 (wfb::source-text literacy seychelles male "56%" );; line 99406 (wfb::source-text literacy seychelles female "60%" );; line 99408 (wfb::source-text total_labor_force seychelles "27,700 (1985)" );; line 99412 (wfb::source-text labor_force_by_occupation seychelles by_occupation "industry and commerce 31%, services 21%, government 20%, agriculture, forestry, and fishing 12%, other 16% (1985)" );; line 99414 (wfb::source-text names seychelles conventional_long_form "Republic of Seychelles" );; line 99421 (wfb::source-text names seychelles conventional_short_form "Seychelles" );; line 99423 (wfb::source-text digraph seychelles "SE" );; line 99427 (wfb::source-text type seychelles "republic" );; line 99431 (wfb::source-text capital seychelles "Victoria" );; line 99435 (wfb::source-text administrative_divisions seychelles "23 administrative districts; Anse aux Pins, Anse Boileau, Anse Etoile, Anse Louis, Anse Royale, Baie Lazare, Baie Sainte Anne, Beau Vallon, Bel Air, Bel Ombre, Cascade, Glacis, Grand' Anse (on Mahe Island), Grand' Anse (on Praslin Island), La Digue, La Riviere Anglaise, Mont Buxton, Mont Fleuri, Plaisance, Pointe Larue, Port Glaud, Saint Louis, Takamaka" );; line 99439 (wfb::source-text independence seychelles "29 June 1976 (from UK)" );; line 99447 (wfb::source-text national_holiday seychelles "National Day, 18 June (1993) (adoption of new constitution)" );; line 99451 (wfb::source-text constitution seychelles "18 June 1993" );; line 99455 (wfb::source-text legal_system seychelles "based on English common law, French civil law, and customary law" );; line 99459 (wfb::source-text suffrage seychelles "17 years of age; universal" );; line 99463 (wfb::source-text executive_branch seychelles chief_of_state_and_head_of_government "President France Albert RENE (since 5 June 1977); election last held 20-23 July 1993 (next to be held NA); results - President France Albert RENE (SPPF) reelected with 59.5% of the vote, Sir James MANCHAM (DP) 36.72%" );; line 99468 (wfb::source-text executive_branch seychelles cabinet "Council of Ministers; appointed by the president" );; line 99472 (wfb::source-text legislative_structure seychelles "unicameral" );; line 99476 (wfb::source-text legislative_branch seychelles |People's Assembly (Assemblee du Peuple)| "elections last held 20-23 July 1993 (next to be held NA); results - SPPF 82%, DP 15%, UO 3%; seats - (33 total, 22 elected, 11 awarded) seats elected - SPPF 21, DP 1; seats awarded - SPPF 6, DP 4, UO 1; total seats by party - SPPF 27, DP 5, UO 1" );; line 99478 (wfb::source-text judicial_branch seychelles "Court of Appeal, Supreme Court" );; line 99488 (wfb::source-text political_parties_and_leaders seychelles "ruling party - Seychelles People's Progressive Front (SPPF), France Albert RENE; Democratic Party (DP), Sir James MANCHAM; United Opposition (UO), Annette GEORGES - a coalition of the following parties: Seychelles Party (PS), Wavel RAMKALAWAN; Seychelles Democratic Movement (MSPD), Jacques HONDOUL; Seychelles Liberal Party (SLP), Ogilvie BERLOUIS;;" );; line 99492 (wfb::source-text other_political_or_pressure_groups seychelles "trade unions; Roman Catholic Church" );; line 99500 (wfb::source-text member_of seychelles "ACCT, ACP, AfDB, C, ECA, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS (associate), ILO, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT (nonsignatory user), INTERPOL, IOC, NAM, OAU, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCL, WHO, WMO, WTO" );; line 99504 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us seychelles chief_of_mission "Ambassador Marc R. MARENGO" );; line 99511 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us seychelles chancery "(temporary) 820 Second Avenue, Suite 900F, New York, NY 10017" );; line 99513 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us seychelles telephone "[1] (212) 687-9766, 9767" );; line 99515 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us seychelles fax "[1] (212) 922-9177" );; line 99517 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation seychelles chief_of_mission "Ambassador Carl Burton STOKES" );; line 99522 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation seychelles embassy "4th Floor, Victoria House, Box 251, Victoria, Mahe" );; line 99524 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation seychelles mailing_address "Box 148, Unit 62501, Victoria, Seychelles; APO AE 09815-2501" );; line 99526 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation seychelles telephone "[248] 225256" );; line 99528 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation seychelles fax "[248] 225189" );; line 99530 (wfb::source-text flag seychelles "three horizontal bands of red (top), white (wavy), and green; the white band is the thinnest, the red band is the thickest" );; line 99534 (wfb::source-text overview seychelles "Since independence in 1976, per capita output has grown to roughly seven times the old near-subsistence level, led by the tourist sector, which employs about 30% of the labor force and provides more than 70% of hard currency earnings. In recent years the government has encouraged foreign investment in order to upgrade hotels and other services. At the same time, the government has moved to reduce the high dependence on tourism by promoting the development of farming, fishing, and small-scale manufacturing. The vulnerability of the tourist sector was illustrated by the sharp drop in 1991-92 due largely to the Gulf war. Although the industry has rebounded, the government recognizes the continuing need for upgrading the sector in the face of stiff international competition." );; line 99540 (wfb::source-text national_product seychelles "GDP - purchasing power parity - $430 million (1993 est.)" );; line 99554 (wfb::source-text national_product_real_growth_rate seychelles "-2% (1993 est.)" );; line 99558 (wfb::source-text national_product_per_capita seychelles "$6,000 (1993 est.)" );; line 99562 (wfb::source-text |Inflation rate (consumer prices)| seychelles "3.9% (1993 est.)" );; line 99566 (wfb::source-text unemployment_rate seychelles "9% (1987)" );; line 99570 (wfb::source-text budget seychelles revenues "$227.4 million" );; line 99575 (wfb::source-text budget seychelles expenditures "$263 million, including capital expenditures of $54 million (1993 est.)" );; line 99577 (wfb::source-text exports seychelles "$50 million (f.o.b., 1993 est.)" );; line 99582 (wfb::source-text exports seychelles commodities "fish, cinnamon bark, copra, petroleum products (re-exports)" );; line 99584 (wfb::source-text exports seychelles partners "France 43%, UK 22%, Reunion 11%, (1992)" );; line 99586 (wfb::source-text imports seychelles "$261 million (f.o.b., 1993 est.)" );; line 99590 (wfb::source-text imports seychelles commodities "manufactured goods, food, petroleum products, tobacco, beverages, machinery and transportation equipment" );; line 99592 (wfb::source-text imports seychelles partners "Singapore 16%, Bahrain 16%, South Africa, 14%, UK 13% (1992)" );; line 99595 (wfb::source-text external_debt seychelles "$181 million (1993 est.)" );; line 99599 (wfb::source-text industrial_production seychelles "growth rate 4% (1992); accounts for 12% of GDP" );; line 99603 (wfb::source-text electricity seychelles capacity "30,000 kW" );; line 99608 (wfb::source-text electricity seychelles production "110 million kWh" );; line 99610 (wfb::source-text electricity seychelles consumption_per_capita "1,399 kWh (1993)" );; line 99612 (wfb::source-text industry seychelles "tourism, processing of coconut and vanilla, fishing, coir rope factory, boat building, printing, furniture, beverage" );; line 99616 (wfb::source-text agriculture seychelles "accounts for 5% of GDP, mostly subsistence farming; cash crops - coconuts, cinnamon, vanilla; other products - sweet potatoes, cassava, bananas; broiler chickens; large share of food needs imported; expansion of tuna fishing under way" );; line 99621 (wfb::source-text economic_aid seychelles recipient "US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY78-89), $26 million; Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1978-89), $315 million; OPEC bilateral aid (1979-89), $5 million; Communist countries (1970-89), $60 million" );; line 99629 (wfb::source-text currency seychelles "1 Seychelles rupee (SRe) = 100 cents" );; line 99636 (wfb::source-text exchange_rates seychelles "Seychelles rupees (SRe) per US$1 - 4.9371 (January 1995), 5.0559 (1994), 5.1815 (1993), 5.1220 (1992), 5.2893 (1991), 5.3369 (1990)" );; line 99640 (wfb::source-text fiscal_year seychelles "calendar year" );; line 99645 (wfb::source-text railroads seychelles "0 km" );; line 99650 (wfb::source-text highways seychelles total "260 km" );; line 99655 (wfb::source-text highways seychelles paved "160 km" );; line 99657 (wfb::source-text highways seychelles unpaved "crushed stone, earth 100 km" );; line 99659 (wfb::source-text port seychelles "Victoria" );; line 99663 (wfb::source-text merchant_marine seychelles "none" );; line 99667 (wfb::source-text airports seychelles total "14" );; line 99672 (wfb::source-text airports seychelles |with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m| "1" );; line 99674 (wfb::source-text airports seychelles |with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m| "5" );; line 99676 (wfb::source-text airports seychelles with_paved_runways_under_914_m "6" );; line 99678 (wfb::source-text airports seychelles |with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m| "2" );; line 99680 (wfb::source-text telephone_system seychelles "13,000 telephones; direct radio communications with adjacent islands and African coastal countries" );; line 99685 (wfb::source-text telephone_system seychelles local "NA" );; line 99688 (wfb::source-text telephone_system seychelles intercity "radio communications" );; line 99690 (wfb::source-text telephone_system seychelles international "1 INTELSAT (Indian Ocean) earth station" );; line 99692 (wfb::source-text radio seychelles broadcast_stations "AM 2, FM 0, shortwave 0" );; line 99697 (wfb::source-text radio seychelles radios "NA" );; line 99699 (wfb::source-text television seychelles broadcast_stations "2" );; line 99704 (wfb::source-text television seychelles televisions "NA" );; line 99706 (wfb::source-text defense_branch seychelles "Army, Coast Guard, Marines, National Guard, Presidential Protection Unit, Police Force" );; line 99712 (wfb::source-text manpower_availability seychelles "males age 15-49 19,829; males fit for military service 10,099 (1995 est.)" );; line 99717 (wfb::source-text defense_expenditures seychelles "exchange rate conversion - $12 million, 4% of GDP (1990 est.)" );; line 99722 (wfb::source-text location sierra_leone "Western Africa, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean, between Guinea and Liberia" );; line 99732 (wfb::source-text map_references sierra_leone "Africa" );; line 99737 (wfb::source-text area sierra_leone total_area "71,740 sq km" );; line 99742 (wfb::source-text area sierra_leone land_area "71,620 sq km" );; line 99744 (wfb::source-text area sierra_leone comparative_area "slightly smaller than South Carolina" );; line 99746 (wfb::source-text borders sierra_leone "total 958 km, Guinea 652 km, Liberia 306 km" );; line 99750 (wfb::source-text coastline sierra_leone "402 km" );; line 99754 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims sierra_leone territorial_sea "200 nm" );; line 99759 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims sierra_leone continental_shelf "200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation" );; line 99761 (wfb::source-text international_disputes sierra_leone "none" );; line 99765 (wfb::source-text climate sierra_leone "tropical; hot, humid; summer rainy season (May to December); winter dry season (December to April)" );; line 99769 (wfb::source-text terrain sierra_leone "coastal belt of mangrove swamps, wooded hill country, upland plateau, mountains in east" );; line 99774 (wfb::source-text natural-resource sierra_leone "diamonds, titanium ore, bauxite, iron ore, gold, chromite" );; line 99779 (wfb::source-text land_use sierra_leone arable_land "25%" );; line 99784 (wfb::source-text land_use sierra_leone permanent_crops "2%" );; line 99786 (wfb::source-text land_use sierra_leone meadows_and_pastures "31%" );; line 99788 (wfb::source-text land_use sierra_leone forest_and_woodland "29%" );; line 99790 (wfb::source-text land_use sierra_leone other "13%" );; line 99792 (wfb::source-text irrigated_land sierra_leone "340 sq km (1989 est.)" );; line 99796 (wfb::source-text environment sierra_leone current_issues "rapid population growth pressuring the environment; overharvesting of timber, expansion of cattle grazing, and slash-and-burn agriculture have resulted in deforestation and soil exhaustion; civil war depleting natural resources; overfishing" );; line 99801 (wfb::source-text environment sierra_leone natural_hazards "dry, sand-laden harmattan winds blow from the Sahara (November to May); sandstorms, dust storms" );; line 99806 (wfb::source-text environment sierra_leone international_agreements "party to - Biodiversity, Endangered Species, Law of the Sea, Marine Life Conservation, Nuclear Test Ban; signed, but not ratified - Climate Change, Environmental Modification" );; line 99809 (wfb::source-text population sierra_leone "4,753,120 (July 1995 est.)" );; line 99817 (wfb::source-text age_structure sierra_leone 0-14_years "44% (female 1,054,826; male 1,020,943)" );; line 99822 (wfb::source-text age_structure sierra_leone 15-64_years "53% (female 1,310,506; male 1,216,510)" );; line 99824 (wfb::source-text age_structure sierra_leone 65_years_and_over "3% (female 72,982; male 77,353) (July 1995 est.)" );; line 99826 (wfb::source-text population_growth_rate sierra_leone "2.63% (1995 est.)" );; line 99830 (wfb::source-text birth_rate sierra_leone "44.65 births/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 99834 (wfb::source-text death_rate sierra_leone "18.38 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 99838 (wfb::source-text net_migration_rate sierra_leone "NA migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 99842 (wfb::source-text infant_mortality_rate sierra_leone "138.8 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.)" );; line 99849 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth sierra_leone total_population "46.94 years" );; line 99854 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth sierra_leone male "44.07 years" );; line 99856 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth sierra_leone female "49.89 years (1995 est.)" );; line 99858 (wfb::source-text total_fertility_rate sierra_leone "5.9 children born/woman (1995 est.)" );; line 99862 (wfb::source-text nationality sierra_leone noun "Sierra Leonean(s)" );; line 99867 (wfb::source-text nationality sierra_leone adjective "Sierra Leonean" );; line 99869 (wfb::source-text ethnic-entity sierra_leone "13 native African tribes 99% (Temne 30%, Mende 30%, other 39%), Creole, European, Lebanese, and Asian 1%" );; line 99873 (wfb::source-text religion sierra_leone "Muslim 60%, indigenous beliefs 30%, Christian 10%" );; line 99878 (wfb::source-text language sierra_leone "English (official; regular use limited to literate minority), Mende (principal vernacular in the south), Temne (principal vernacular in the north), Krio (the language of the re-settled ex-slave population of the Freetown area and is lingua franca)" );; line 99882 (wfb::source-text literacy sierra_leone "age 15 and over can read and write English, Mende, Temne, or Arabic (1990 est.)" );; line 99889 (wfb::source-text literacy sierra_leone total_population "21%" );; line 99892 (wfb::source-text literacy sierra_leone male "31%" );; line 99894 (wfb::source-text literacy sierra_leone female "11%" );; line 99896 (wfb::source-text total_labor_force sierra_leone "1.369 million (1981 est.)" );; line 99900 (wfb::source-text labor_force_by_occupation sierra_leone by_occupation "agriculture 65%, industry 19%, services 16% (1981 est.)" );; line 99902 (wfb::source-text names sierra_leone conventional_long_form "Republic of Sierra Leone" );; line 99910 (wfb::source-text names sierra_leone conventional_short_form "Sierra Leone" );; line 99912 (wfb::source-text digraph sierra_leone "SL" );; line 99916 (wfb::source-text type sierra_leone "military government" );; line 99920 (wfb::source-text capital sierra_leone "Freetown" );; line 99924 (wfb::source-text administrative_divisions sierra_leone "3 provinces and 1 area*; Eastern, Northern, Southern, Western*" );; line 99928 (wfb::source-text independence sierra_leone "27 April 1961 (from UK)" );; line 99932 (wfb::source-text national_holiday sierra_leone "Republic Day, 27 April (1961)" );; line 99936 (wfb::source-text constitution sierra_leone "1 October 1991; suspended following 19 April 1992 coup" );; line 99940 (wfb::source-text legal_system sierra_leone "based on English law and customary laws indigenous to local tribes; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction" );; line 99944 (wfb::source-text suffrage sierra_leone "18 years of age; universal" );; line 99949 (wfb::source-text executive_branch sierra_leone chief_of_state_and_head_of_government "Chairman of the Supreme Council of State Capt. Valentine E. M. STRASSER (since 29 April 1992)" );; line 99954 (wfb::source-text executive_branch sierra_leone cabinet "Council of Secretaries; responsible to the Supreme Council of State (SCS)" );; line 99957 (wfb::source-text legislative_structure sierra_leone "unicameral House of Representatives (suspended after coup of 29 April 1992); Chairman STRASSER promises multi-party elections sometime in 1995" );; line 99962 (wfb::source-text judicial_branch sierra_leone "Supreme Court (suspended after coup of 29 April 1992)" );; line 99968 (wfb::source-text political_parties_and_leaders sierra_leone "status of existing political parties is unknown following 29 April 1992 coup" );; line 99972 (wfb::source-text member_of sierra_leone "ACP, AfDB, C, CCC, ECA, ECOWAS, FAO, G-77, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT (nonsignatory user), INTERPOL, IOC, ITU, NAM, OAU, OIC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO" );; line 99977 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us sierra_leone chief_of_mission "Ambassador Thomas Kahota KARGBO" );; line 99985 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us sierra_leone chancery "1701 19th Street NW, Washington, DC 20009" );; line 99987 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us sierra_leone telephone "[1] (202) 939-9261" );; line 99989 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation sierra_leone chief_of_mission "Ambassador Lauralee M. PETERS" );; line 99994 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation sierra_leone embassy "Corner of Walpole and Siaka Stevens Streets, Freetown" );; line 99996 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation sierra_leone mailing_address "use embassy street address" );; line 99998 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation sierra_leone telephone "[232] (22) 226481 trough 226485" );; line 100000 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation sierra_leone fax "[232] (22) 225471" );; line 100002 (wfb::source-text flag sierra_leone "three equal horizontal bands of light green (top), white, and light blue" );; line 100006 (wfb::source-text overview sierra_leone "Sierra Leone has substantial mineral, agricultural, and fishery resources, but the economic and social infrastructure is not well developed. Agriculture generates about 40% of GDP and employs about two-thirds of the working population, with subsistence agriculture dominating the sector. Manufacturing, which accounts for roughly 10% of GDP, consists mainly of the processing of raw materials and of light manufacturing for the domestic market. Diamond mining provides an important source of hard currency. Since 1990, the government has been able to meet its IMF- and World Bank-mandated stabilization targets, holding down fiscal deficits, increasing foreign exchange reserves, and retiring much of its domestic debt - but at a steep cost in terms of capital investments and social spending. Moreover, the economic infrastructure has nearly collapsed due to neglect and war-related disruptions in the mining and agricultural export sectors. The continuing civil war in Liberia has led to a large influx of refugees, who place additional burdens on Sierra Leon's fragile economy." );; line 100012 (wfb::source-text national_product sierra_leone "GDP - purchasing power parity - $4.5 billion (1993 est.)" );; line 100030 (wfb::source-text national_product_real_growth_rate sierra_leone "0.7% (1993 est.)" );; line 100034 (wfb::source-text national_product_per_capita sierra_leone "$1,000 (1993 est.)" );; line 100038 (wfb::source-text |Inflation rate (consumer prices)| sierra_leone "22% (1993 est.)" );; line 100042 (wfb::source-text unemployment_rate sierra_leone "NA%" );; line 100046 (wfb::source-text budget sierra_leone revenues "$68 million" );; line 100051 (wfb::source-text budget sierra_leone expenditures "$118 million, including capital expenditures of $28 million (1992 est.)" );; line 100053 (wfb::source-text exports sierra_leone "$149 million (f.o.b., 1993)" );; line 100058 (wfb::source-text exports sierra_leone commodities "rutile 48%, bauxite 25%, diamonds 16%, coffee, cocoa, fish" );; line 100060 (wfb::source-text exports sierra_leone partners "US, UK, Belgium, Germany, other Western Europe" );; line 100062 (wfb::source-text imports sierra_leone "$149 million (c.i.f., 1993)" );; line 100066 (wfb::source-text imports sierra_leone commodities "foodstuffs 48%, machinery and equipment 32%, fuels 9%" );; line 100068 (wfb::source-text imports sierra_leone partners "US, EC countries, Japan, China, Nigeria" );; line 100070 (wfb::source-text external_debt sierra_leone "$1.15 billion (yearend 1993)" );; line 100074 (wfb::source-text industrial_production sierra_leone "growth rate -1.5% (FY91/92); accounts for 11% of GDP" );; line 100078 (wfb::source-text electricity sierra_leone capacity "130,000 kW" );; line 100083 (wfb::source-text electricity sierra_leone production "220 million kWh" );; line 100085 (wfb::source-text electricity sierra_leone consumption_per_capita "44 kWh (1993)" );; line 100087 (wfb::source-text industry sierra_leone "mining (diamonds, bauxite, rutile), small-scale manufacturing (beverages, textiles, cigarettes, footwear), petroleum refinery" );; line 100091 (wfb::source-text agriculture sierra_leone "largely subsistence farming; cash crops - coffee, cocoa, palm kernels; harvests of food staple rice meets 80% of domestic needs; annual fish catch averages 53,000 metric tons" );; line 100096 (wfb::source-text economic_aid sierra_leone recipient "US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-89), $161 million; Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-89), $848 million; OPEC bilateral aid (1979-89), $18 million; Communist countries (1970-89), $101 million" );; line 100103 (wfb::source-text currency sierra_leone "1 leone (Le) = 100 cents" );; line 100110 (wfb::source-text exchange_rates sierra_leone "leones (Le) per US$1 - 617.67 (January 1995), 586.74 (1994), 567.46 (1993), 499.44 (1992), 295.34 (1991), 144.9275 (1990)" );; line 100114 (wfb::source-text fiscal_year sierra_leone "1 July - 30 June" );; line 100119 (wfb::source-text railroads sierra_leone total "84 km mineral line is used on a limited basis because the mine at Marampa is closed" );; line 100125 (wfb::source-text railroads sierra_leone narrow_gauge "84 km 1.067-m gauge" );; line 100128 (wfb::source-text highways sierra_leone total "7,400 km" );; line 100133 (wfb::source-text highways sierra_leone paved "1,150 km" );; line 100135 (wfb::source-text highways sierra_leone unpaved "crushed stone, gravel 490 km; improved earth 5,760 km" );; line 100137 (wfb::source-text inland_waterways sierra_leone "800 km; 600 km navigable year round" );; line 100141 (wfb::source-text port sierra_leone "Bonthe, Freetown, Pepel" );; line 100145 (wfb::source-text merchant_marine sierra_leone "none" );; line 100149 (wfb::source-text airports sierra_leone total "11" );; line 100154 (wfb::source-text airports sierra_leone |with paved runways over 3,047 m| "1" );; line 100156 (wfb::source-text airports sierra_leone |with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m| "3" );; line 100158 (wfb::source-text airports sierra_leone with_paved_runways_under_914_m "3" );; line 100160 (wfb::source-text airports sierra_leone |with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m| "4" );; line 100162 (wfb::source-text telephone_system sierra_leone "23,650 telephones; telephone density - 5 telephones/1,000 persons; marginal telephone and telegraph service" );; line 100167 (wfb::source-text telephone_system sierra_leone local "NA" );; line 100170 (wfb::source-text telephone_system sierra_leone intercity "national microwave radio relay system made unserviceable by military activities" );; line 100172 (wfb::source-text telephone_system sierra_leone international "1 INTELSAT (Atlantic Ocean) earth station" );; line 100175 (wfb::source-text radio sierra_leone broadcast_stations "AM 1, FM 1, shortwave 0" );; line 100180 (wfb::source-text radio sierra_leone radios "NA" );; line 100182 (wfb::source-text television sierra_leone broadcast_stations "1" );; line 100187 (wfb::source-text television sierra_leone televisions "NA" );; line 100189 (wfb::source-text defense_branch sierra_leone "Army, Navy, Police, Security Forces" );; line 100195 (wfb::source-text manpower_availability sierra_leone "males age 15-49 1,030,332; males fit for military service 498,945 (1995 est.)" );; line 100199 (wfb::source-text defense_expenditures sierra_leone "exchange rate conversion - $14 million, 2.6% of GDP (FY92/93)" );; line 100204 (wfb::source-text location singapore "Southeastern Asia, islands between Malaysia and Indonesia" );; line 100214 (wfb::source-text map_references singapore "Southeast Asia" );; line 100218 (wfb::source-text area singapore total_area "632.6 sq km" );; line 100223 (wfb::source-text area singapore land_area "622.6 sq km" );; line 100225 (wfb::source-text area singapore comparative_area "slightly less than 3.5 times the size of Washington, DC" );; line 100227 (wfb::source-text borders singapore "0 km" );; line 100231 (wfb::source-text coastline singapore "193 km" );; line 100235 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims singapore exclusive_fishing_zone "within and beyond territorial sea, as defined in treaties and practice" );; line 100240 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims singapore territorial_sea "3 nm" );; line 100243 (wfb::source-text international_disputes singapore "two islands in dispute with Malaysia" );; line 100247 (wfb::source-text climate singapore "tropical; hot, humid, rainy; no pronounced rainy or dry seasons; thunderstorms occur on 40% of all days (67% of days in April)" );; line 100251 (wfb::source-text terrain singapore "lowland; gently undulating central plateau contains water catchment area and nature preserve" );; line 100256 (wfb::source-text natural-resource singapore "fish, deepwater ports" );; line 100261 (wfb::source-text land_use singapore arable_land "4%" );; line 100266 (wfb::source-text land_use singapore permanent_crops "7%" );; line 100268 (wfb::source-text land_use singapore meadows_and_pastures "0%" );; line 100270 (wfb::source-text land_use singapore forest_and_woodland "5%" );; line 100272 (wfb::source-text land_use singapore other "84%" );; line 100274 (wfb::source-text irrigated_land singapore "NA sq km" );; line 100278 (wfb::source-text environment singapore current_issues "industrial pollution; limited natural fresh water resources; limited land availability presents waste disposal problems" );; line 100283 (wfb::source-text environment singapore natural_hazards "NA" );; line 100286 (wfb::source-text environment singapore international_agreements "party to - Endangered Species, Law of the Sea, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution; signed, but not ratified - Biodiversity, Climate Change" );; line 100288 (wfb::source-text note singapore "focal point for Southeast Asian sea routes" );; line 100294 (wfb::source-text population singapore "2,890,468 (July 1995 est.)" );; line 100300 (wfb::source-text age_structure singapore 0-14_years "23% (female 327,417; male 348,345)" );; line 100305 (wfb::source-text age_structure singapore 15-64_years "70% (female 991,015; male 1,030,668)" );; line 100307 (wfb::source-text age_structure singapore 65_years_and_over "7% (female 105,081; male 87,942) (July 1995 est.)" );; line 100309 (wfb::source-text population_growth_rate singapore "1.06% (1995 est.)" );; line 100313 (wfb::source-text birth_rate singapore "15.93 births/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 100317 (wfb::source-text death_rate singapore "5.35 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 100321 (wfb::source-text net_migration_rate singapore "0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 100325 (wfb::source-text infant_mortality_rate singapore "5.7 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.)" );; line 100329 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth singapore total_population "76.16 years" );; line 100334 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth singapore male "73.28 years" );; line 100336 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth singapore female "79.25 years (1995 est.)" );; line 100338 (wfb::source-text total_fertility_rate singapore "1.87 children born/woman (1995 est.)" );; line 100342 (wfb::source-text nationality singapore noun "Singaporean(s)" );; line 100347 (wfb::source-text nationality singapore adjective "Singapore" );; line 100349 (wfb::source-text ethnic-entity singapore "Chinese 76.4%, Malay 14.9%, Indian 6.4%, other 2.3%" );; line 100353 (wfb::source-text religion singapore "Buddhist (Chinese), Muslim (Malays), Christian, Hindu, Sikh, Taoist, Confucianist" );; line 100357 (wfb::source-text language singapore "Chinese (official), Malay (official and national), Tamil (official), English (official)" );; line 100362 (wfb::source-text literacy singapore "age 15 and over can read and write (1990)" );; line 100367 (wfb::source-text literacy singapore total_population "89%" );; line 100369 (wfb::source-text literacy singapore male "95%" );; line 100371 (wfb::source-text literacy singapore female "83%" );; line 100373 (wfb::source-text total_labor_force singapore "1.649 million (1994)" );; line 100377 (wfb::source-text labor_force_by_occupation singapore by_occupation "financial, business, and other services 33.5%, manufacturing 25.6%, commerce 22.9%, construction 6.6%, other 11.4% (1994)" );; line 100379 (wfb::source-text names singapore conventional_long_form "Republic of Singapore" );; line 100386 (wfb::source-text names singapore conventional_short_form "Singapore" );; line 100388 (wfb::source-text digraph singapore "SN" );; line 100392 (wfb::source-text type singapore "republic within Commonwealth" );; line 100396 (wfb::source-text capital singapore "Singapore" );; line 100400 (wfb::source-text administrative_divisions singapore "none" );; line 100404 (wfb::source-text independence singapore "9 August 1965 (from Malaysia)" );; line 100408 (wfb::source-text national_holiday singapore "National Day, 9 August (1965)" );; line 100412 (wfb::source-text constitution singapore "3 June 1959, amended 1965 (based on preindependence State of Singapore Constitution)" );; line 100416 (wfb::source-text legal_system singapore "based on English common law; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction" );; line 100421 (wfb::source-text suffrage singapore "20 years of age; universal and compulsory" );; line 100426 (wfb::source-text executive_branch singapore chief_of_state "President ONG Teng Cheong (since 1 September 1993); election last held 28 August 1993 (next to be held NA August 1997); results - ONG Teng Cheong was elected with 59% of the vote in the country's first popular election for president" );; line 100431 (wfb::source-text executive_branch singapore head_of_government "Prime Minister GOH Chok Tong (since 28 November 1990); Deputy Prime Minister LEE Hsien Loong (since 28 November 1990)" );; line 100436 (wfb::source-text executive_branch singapore cabinet "Cabinet; appointed by the president, responsible to parliament" );; line 100439 (wfb::source-text legislative_structure singapore "unicameral" );; line 100443 (wfb::source-text legislative_branch singapore parliament "elections last held 31 August 1991 (next to be held by 31 August 1996); results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (81 total) PAP 77, SDP 3, WP 1" );; line 100445 (wfb::source-text judicial_branch singapore "Supreme Court" );; line 100451 (wfb::source-text political_parties_and_leaders singapore government "People's Action Party (PAP), GOH Chok Tong, secretary general" );; line 100456 (wfb::source-text political_parties_and_leaders singapore opposition "Workers' Party (WP), J. B. JEYARETNAM; Singapore Democratic Party (SDP), CHEE Soon Juan; National Solidarity Party (NSP), leader NA; Barisan Sosialis (BS, Socialist Front), leader NA; Singapore People's Party (SPP), SIN Kek Tong" );; line 100458 (wfb::source-text member_of singapore "APEC, AsDB, ASEAN, C, CCC, CP, ESCAP, G-77, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, ICRM, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, INMARSAT, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, ISO, ITU, NAM, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNIKOM, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO" );; line 100465 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us singapore chief_of_mission "Ambassador Sellapan Rama NATHAN" );; line 100472 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us singapore chancery "3501 International Place NW, Washington, DC 20008" );; line 100474 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us singapore telephone "[1] (202) 537-3100" );; line 100476 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us singapore fax "[1] (202) 537-0876" );; line 100478 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation singapore chief_of_mission "Ambassador Timothy A. CHORBA" );; line 100483 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation singapore embassy "30 Hill Street, Singapore 0617" );; line 100485 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation singapore mailing_address "FPO AP 96534" );; line 100487 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation singapore telephone "[65] 3380251" );; line 100489 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation singapore fax "[65] 3384550" );; line 100491 (wfb::source-text flag singapore "two equal horizontal bands of red (top) and white; near the hoist side of the red band, there is a vertical, white crescent (closed portion is toward the hoist side) partially enclosing five white five-pointed stars arranged in a circle" );; line 100495 (wfb::source-text overview singapore "Singapore has an open entrepreneurial economy with strong service and manufacturing sectors and excellent international trading links derived from its entrepot history. The economy registered 10.1% growth in 1994, with prospects for 7.5%-8.5% growth in 1995. In 1994, the manufacturing and financial and business services sectors have led economic growth. Exports boomed, led by the electronics sector, particularly US demand for disk drives. Rising labor costs continue to be a threat to Singapore's competitiveness, but there are indications that productivity is keeping up. In applied technology, per capita output, investment, and labor discipline, Singapore has key attributes of a developed country." );; line 100503 (wfb::source-text national_product singapore "GDP - purchasing power parity - $57 billion (1994 est.)" );; line 100516 (wfb::source-text national_product_real_growth_rate singapore "10.1% (1994)" );; line 100520 (wfb::source-text national_product_per_capita singapore "$19,940 (1994 est.)" );; line 100524 (wfb::source-text |Inflation rate (consumer prices)| singapore "3.6% (1994)" );; line 100528 (wfb::source-text unemployment_rate singapore "2.6% (1994)" );; line 100532 (wfb::source-text budget singapore revenues "$11.9 billion" );; line 100537 (wfb::source-text budget singapore expenditures "$10.5 billion, including capital expenditures of $3.9 billion (FY93/94 est.)" );; line 100539 (wfb::source-text exports singapore "$96.4 billion (f.o.b., 1994)" );; line 100544 (wfb::source-text exports singapore commodities "computer equipment, rubber and rubber products, petroleum products, telecommunications equipment" );; line 100546 (wfb::source-text exports singapore partners "Malaysia 20%, US 19%, Hong Kong 9%, Japan 7%, Thailand 6% (1994)" );; line 100549 (wfb::source-text imports singapore "$102.4 billion (c.i.f., 1994)" );; line 100553 (wfb::source-text imports singapore commodities "aircraft, petroleum, chemicals, foodstuffs" );; line 100555 (wfb::source-text imports singapore partners "Japan 22%, Malaysia 16%, US 15%, Taiwan 4%, Saudi Arabia 4% (1994)" );; line 100557 (wfb::source-text external_debt singapore "$20 million (1993 est.)" );; line 100562 (wfb::source-text industrial_production singapore "growth rate 13% (1994 est.); accounts for 28% of GDP (1993)" );; line 100566 (wfb::source-text electricity singapore capacity "4,510,000 kW" );; line 100571 (wfb::source-text electricity singapore production "17 billion kWh" );; line 100573 (wfb::source-text electricity singapore consumption_per_capita "5,590 kWh (1993)" );; line 100575 (wfb::source-text industry singapore "petroleum refining, electronics, oil drilling equipment, rubber processing and rubber products, processed food and beverages, ship repair, entrepot trade, financial services, biotechnology" );; line 100579 (wfb::source-text agriculture singapore "minor importance in the economy; self-sufficient in poultry and eggs; must import much of other food; major crops - rubber, copra, fruit, vegetables" );; line 100585 (wfb::source-text illicit_drugs singapore "transit point for Golden Triangle heroin going to the US, Western Europe, and the Third World; also a major money-laundering center" );; line 100591 (wfb::source-text economic_aid singapore recipient "US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-83), $590 million; Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-89), $1 billion" );; line 100597 (wfb::source-text currency singapore "1 Singapore dollar (S$) = 100 cents" );; line 100602 (wfb::source-text exchange_rates singapore "Singapore dollars (S$) per US$1 - 1.4524 (January 1995), 1.5275 (1994), 1.6158 (1993), 1.6290 (1992), 1.7276 (1991), 1.8125 (1990)" );; line 100606 (wfb::source-text fiscal_year singapore "1 April - 31 March" );; line 100611 (wfb::source-text railroads singapore total "38.6 km" );; line 100617 (wfb::source-text railroads singapore narrow_gauge "38.6 km 1.000-m gauge" );; line 100619 (wfb::source-text highways singapore total "2,883 km" );; line 100624 (wfb::source-text highways singapore paved "2,796 km" );; line 100626 (wfb::source-text highways singapore unpaved "87 km (1991 est.)" );; line 100628 (wfb::source-text port singapore "Singapore" );; line 100632 (wfb::source-text merchant_marine singapore total "563 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 11,167,596 GRT/17,845,687 DWT" );; line 100637 (wfb::source-text merchant_marine singapore ships_by_type "bulk 96, cargo 121, chemical tanker 16, combination bulk 2, combination ore/oil 7, container 78, liquefied gas tanker 6, oil tanker 198, refrigerated cargo 1, roll-on/roll-off cargo 12, short-sea passenger 1, specialized tanker 3, vehicle carrier 22" );; line 100640 (wfb::source-text airports singapore total "10" );; line 100653 (wfb::source-text airports singapore |with paved runways over 3,047 m| "3" );; line 100655 (wfb::source-text airports singapore |with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m| "2" );; line 100657 (wfb::source-text airports singapore |with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m| "4" );; line 100659 (wfb::source-text airports singapore |with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m| "1" );; line 100661 (wfb::source-text telephone_system singapore "1,110,000 telephones; good domestic facilities; good international service; good radio and television broadcast coverage" );; line 100666 (wfb::source-text telephone_system singapore local "NA" );; line 100669 (wfb::source-text telephone_system singapore intercity "NA" );; line 100671 (wfb::source-text telephone_system singapore international "submarine cables extend to Malaysia (Sabah and Peninsular Malaysia), Indonesia, and the Philippines; 2 INTELSAT (1 Indian Ocean and 1 Pacific Ocean) earth stations" );; line 100673 (wfb::source-text radio singapore broadcast_stations "AM 13, FM 4, shortwave 0" );; line 100680 (wfb::source-text radio singapore radios "NA" );; line 100682 (wfb::source-text television singapore broadcast_stations "2" );; line 100687 (wfb::source-text television singapore televisions "NA" );; line 100689 (wfb::source-text defense_branch singapore "Army, Navy, Air Force, People's Defense Force, Police Force" );; line 100695 (wfb::source-text manpower_availability singapore "males age 15-49 860,437; males fit for military service 629,973 (1995 est.)" );; line 100699 (wfb::source-text defense_expenditures singapore "exchange rate conversion - $2.7 billion, 6% of GDP (1993 est.)" );; line 100704 (wfb::source-text location slovakia "Central Europe, south of Poland" );; line 100714 (wfb::source-text map_references slovakia "Ethnic Groups in Eastern Europe, Europe" );; line 100718 (wfb::source-text area slovakia total_area "48,845 sq km" );; line 100723 (wfb::source-text area slovakia land_area "48,800 sq km" );; line 100725 (wfb::source-text area slovakia comparative_area "about twice the size of New Hampshire" );; line 100727 (wfb::source-text borders slovakia "total 1,355 km, Austria 91 km, Czech Republic 215 km, Hungary 515 km, Poland 444 km, Ukraine 90 km" );; line 100731 (wfb::source-text coastline slovakia "0 km (landlocked)" );; line 100736 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims slovakia "none; landlocked" );; line 100740 (wfb::source-text international_disputes slovakia "Gabcikovo Dam dispute with Hungary; unresolved property issues with Czech Republic over redistribution of former Czechoslovak federal property" );; line 100744 (wfb::source-text climate slovakia "temperate; cool summers; cold, cloudy, humid winters" );; line 100750 (wfb::source-text terrain slovakia "rugged mountains in the central and northern part and lowlands in the south" );; line 100754 (wfb::source-text natural-resource slovakia "brown coal and lignite; small amounts of iron ore, copper and manganese ore; salt" );; line 100759 (wfb::source-text land_use slovakia arable_land "NA%" );; line 100765 (wfb::source-text land_use slovakia permanent_crops "NA%" );; line 100767 (wfb::source-text land_use slovakia meadows_and_pastures "NA%" );; line 100769 (wfb::source-text land_use slovakia forest_and_woodland "NA%" );; line 100771 (wfb::source-text land_use slovakia other "NA%" );; line 100773 (wfb::source-text irrigated_land slovakia "NA sq km" );; line 100777 (wfb::source-text environment slovakia current_issues "air pollution from metallurgical plants presents human health risks; acid rain damaging forests" );; line 100782 (wfb::source-text environment slovakia natural_hazards "NA" );; line 100785 (wfb::source-text environment slovakia international_agreements "party to - Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Sulphur 85, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands; signed, but not ratified - Air Pollution-Sulphur 94, Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Law of the Sea" );; line 100787 (wfb::source-text note slovakia "landlocked" );; line 100795 (wfb::source-text population slovakia "5,432,383 (July 1995 est.)" );; line 100801 (wfb::source-text age_structure slovakia 0-14_years "23% (female 609,795; male 638,346)" );; line 100806 (wfb::source-text age_structure slovakia 15-64_years "66% (female 1,807,312; male 1,778,712)" );; line 100808 (wfb::source-text age_structure slovakia 65_years_and_over "11% (female 364,610; male 233,608) (July 1995 est.)" );; line 100810 (wfb::source-text population_growth_rate slovakia "0.54% (1995 est.)" );; line 100814 (wfb::source-text birth_rate slovakia "14.51 births/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 100818 (wfb::source-text death_rate slovakia "9.12 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 100822 (wfb::source-text net_migration_rate slovakia "0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 100826 (wfb::source-text infant_mortality_rate slovakia "10 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.)" );; line 100830 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth slovakia total_population "73.24 years" );; line 100835 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth slovakia male "69.15 years" );; line 100837 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth slovakia female "77.57 years (1995 est.)" );; line 100839 (wfb::source-text total_fertility_rate slovakia "1.93 children born/woman (1995 est.)" );; line 100843 (wfb::source-text nationality slovakia noun "Slovak(s)" );; line 100848 (wfb::source-text nationality slovakia adjective "Slovak" );; line 100850 (wfb::source-text ethnic-entity slovakia "Slovak 85.7%, Hungarian 10.7%, Gypsy 1.5% (the 1992 census figures underreport the Gypsy/Romany community, which could reach 500,000 or more), Czech 1%, Ruthenian 0.3%, Ukrainian 0.3%, German 0.1%, Polish 0.1%, other 0.3%" );; line 100854 (wfb::source-text religion slovakia "Roman Catholic 60.3%, atheist 9.7%, Protestant 8.4%, Orthodox 4.1%, other 17.5%" );; line 100861 (wfb::source-text language slovakia "Slovak (official), Hungarian" );; line 100866 (wfb::source-text literacy slovakia "NA%" );; line 100870 (wfb::source-text total_labor_force slovakia "2.484 million" );; line 100874 (wfb::source-text labor_force_by_occupation slovakia by_occupation "industry 33.2%, agriculture 12.2%, construction 10.3%, communication and other 44.3% (1990)" );; line 100876 (wfb::source-text names slovakia conventional_long_form "Slovak Republic" );; line 100883 (wfb::source-text names slovakia conventional_short_form "Slovakia" );; line 100885 (wfb::source-text names slovakia local_long_form "Slovenska Republika" );; line 100887 (wfb::source-text names slovakia local_short_form "Slovensko" );; line 100889 (wfb::source-text digraph slovakia "LO" );; line 100893 (wfb::source-text type slovakia "parliamentary democracy" );; line 100897 (wfb::source-text capital slovakia "Bratislava" );; line 100901 (wfb::source-text administrative_divisions slovakia "4 departments (kraje, singular - kraj) Bratislava, Zapadoslovensky, Stredoslovensky, Vychodoslovensky" );; line 100905 (wfb::source-text independence slovakia "1 January 1993 (from Czechoslovakia)" );; line 100910 (wfb::source-text national_holiday slovakia "Anniversary of Slovak National Uprising, August 29 (1944)" );; line 100914 (wfb::source-text constitution slovakia "ratified 1 September 1992, fully effective 1 January 1993" );; line 100918 (wfb::source-text legal_system slovakia "civil law system based on Austro-Hungarian codes; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction; legal code modified to comply with the obligations of Organization on Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE) and to expunge Marxist-Leninist legal theory" );; line 100922 (wfb::source-text suffrage slovakia "18 years of age; universal" );; line 100929 (wfb::source-text executive_branch slovakia chief_of_state "President Michal KOVAC (since 8 February 1993); election last held 8 February 1993 (next to be held NA 1998); results - Michal KOVAC elected by the National Council" );; line 100934 (wfb::source-text executive_branch slovakia head_of_government "Prime Minister Vladimir MECIAR (since 12 December 1994)" );; line 100938 (wfb::source-text executive_branch slovakia cabinet "Cabinet; appointed by the president on recommendation of the prime minister" );; line 100940 (wfb::source-text legislative_structure slovakia "unicameral" );; line 100945 (wfb::source-text legislative_branch slovakia |National Council (Narodni Rada)| "elections last held 30 September-1 October 1994 (next to be held by October 1998); results - HZDS 35%, SDL 10.4%, Hungarian coalition (Hungarian Christian Democrats, Hungarian Civic Party, Coexistence) 10.2%, KDH 10.1%, DU 8.6%, ZRS 7.3%, SNS 5.4%; seats - (150 total) governing coalition 83 (HZDS 61, ZRS 13, SNS 9), opposition 67 (SDL 18, Hungarian coalition 17, KDH 17, DU 15)" );; line 100947 (wfb::source-text judicial_branch slovakia "Supreme Court" );; line 100956 (wfb::source-text political_parties_and_leaders slovakia "Movement for a Democratic Slovakia (HZDS), Vladimir MECIAR, chairman; Common Choice/Party of the Democratic Left (SDL), Peter WEISS, chairman; Hungarian Christian Democrats, Vojtech BUGAR; Hungarian Civic Party; Coexistence, Miklos DURAY, chairman; Christian Democratic Movement (KDH), Jan CARNOGURSKY; Democratic Union (DU), Jozef MORAVCIK, chairman; Association of Slovak Workers (ZRS), Jan LUPTAK, chairman; Slovak National Party (SNS), Jan SLOTA, chairman" );; line 100960 (wfb::source-text other_political_or_pressure_groups slovakia "Green Party; Social Democratic Party of Slovakia; Slovak Christian Union" );; line 100970 (wfb::source-text member_of slovakia "Australia Group, BIS, CCC, CE (guest), CEI, CERN, EBRD, ECE, FAO, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, INMARSAT, INTELSAT (nonsignatory user), INTERPOL, IOC, IOM (observer), ISO, ITU, NACC, NSG, OSCE, PCA, PFP, UN, UNAVEM II, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNOMIL, UNOMUR, UNPROFOR, UPU, WEU (associate partner), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC" );; line 100975 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us slovakia chief_of_mission "Ambassador Branislav LICHARDUS" );; line 100984 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us slovakia chancery "(temporary) Suite 380, 2201 Wisconsin Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20007" );; line 100986 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us slovakia telephone "[1] (202) 965-5161" );; line 100989 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us slovakia fax "[1] (202) 965-5166" );; line 100991 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation slovakia chief_of_mission "Ambassador Theodore E. RUSSELL" );; line 100996 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation slovakia embassy "Hviezdoslavovo Namestie 4, 81102 Bratislava" );; line 100998 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation slovakia mailing_address "use embassy street address" );; line 101000 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation slovakia telephone "[42] (7) 330-861, 333-338" );; line 101002 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation slovakia fax "[42] (7) 330-096" );; line 101004 (wfb::source-text flag slovakia "three equal horizontal bands of white (top), blue, and red superimposed with the Slovak cross in a shield centered on the hoist side; the cross is white centered on a background of red and blue" );; line 101008 (wfb::source-text overview slovakia "In 1994 macroeconomic performance improved steadily but privatization progressed only in fits and starts. Most of Slovakia's IMF-approved targets were met by an interim government that lasted 9 months. Annual inflation fell from 23% in 1993 to 12%; unemployment at 14.6% was still well below forecasts of 17%; and the budget deficit was around half that in 1993. Slovakia's nearly $200 million trade surplus also compares favorably with a more than $800 million deficit in 1993. Furthermore, after contracting almost 25% in the three years following 1990, GDP grew 4.3% in 1994, according to official statistics. Bratislava in June qualified for a $254 million IMF stand-by loan and the second $90 million tranche of its Systemic Transformation Facility and, in December, received approval for a European Union loan worth about $160 million. By the end of September 1994, the Central Bank's foreign currency reserves had tripled since the end of 1993. Slovakia continued to have difficulty attracting foreign investment, however, because of perceived political instability and halting progress in privatization. The interim government prepared property worth nearly $2 billion for the second wave of coupon privatization and sold participation in the program to over 80% of Slovakia's eligible citizens. Parties controlling the new Parliament in November 1994, however, put the second wave of coupon privatization on hold and suspended sales of 38 firms until the new government could evaluate the interim government's decisions in early 1995. The new government's targets for 1995 include GDP growth of 3%, inflation of 8%-10%, unemployment of 15%, and a budget deficit under 3% of GDP. Continuing economic recovery in western Europe should boost Slovak exports and production, but Slovakia's image with foreign creditors and investors could suffer setbacks in 1995 if progress on privatization stalls or budget deficits mount beyond IMF-recommended levels." );; line 101015 (wfb::source-text national_product slovakia "GDP - purchasing power parity - $32.8 billion (1994 est.)" );; line 101044 (wfb::source-text national_product_real_growth_rate slovakia "4.3% (1994 est.)" );; line 101048 (wfb::source-text national_product_per_capita slovakia "$6,070 (1994 est.)" );; line 101052 (wfb::source-text |Inflation rate (consumer prices)| slovakia "12% (1994 est.)" );; line 101056 (wfb::source-text unemployment_rate slovakia "14.6% (1994 est.)" );; line 101060 (wfb::source-text budget slovakia revenues "$4.4 billion" );; line 101065 (wfb::source-text budget slovakia expenditures "$4.8 billion, including capital expenditures of $350 million (1994 est.)" );; line 101067 (wfb::source-text exports slovakia "$6.3 billion (f.o.b., January-November 1994)" );; line 101072 (wfb::source-text exports slovakia commodities "machinery and transport equipment; chemicals; fuels, minerals, and metals; agricultural products" );; line 101074 (wfb::source-text exports slovakia partners "Czech Republic 37.7%, Germany 17.1%, Hungary 5.3%, Austria 5.3%, Italy 4.6%, Russia 4.0%, Poland 2.6%, Ukraine 1.8%, US 1.6% (January-September 1994)" );; line 101077 (wfb::source-text imports slovakia "$6.1 billion (f.o.b., January-November 1994)" );; line 101083 (wfb::source-text imports slovakia commodities "machinery and transport equipment; fuels and lubricants; manufactured goods; raw materials; chemicals; agricultural products" );; line 101085 (wfb::source-text imports slovakia partners "Czech Republic 29.9%, Russia 19.0%, Germany 13.2%, Austria 5.8%, Italy 4.3%, US 2.6%, Poland 2.4%, Ukraine 1.9%, Hungary 1.6% (January-September 1994)" );; line 101088 (wfb::source-text external_debt slovakia "$4.2 billion hard currency indebtedness (1994 est.)" );; line 101094 (wfb::source-text industrial_production slovakia "growth rate NA%" );; line 101098 (wfb::source-text electricity slovakia capacity "6,300,000 kW" );; line 101103 (wfb::source-text electricity slovakia production "20.9 billion kWh" );; line 101105 (wfb::source-text electricity slovakia consumption_per_capita "3,609 kWh (1993)" );; line 101107 (wfb::source-text industry slovakia "metal and metal products; food and beverages; electricity, gas, and water; coking, oil production, and nuclear fuel production; chemicals and manmade fibers; machinery; paper and printing; earthenware and ceramics; transport vehicles; textiles; electrical and optical apparatus; rubber products" );; line 101111 (wfb::source-text agriculture slovakia "largely self-sufficient in food production; diversified crop and livestock production, including grains, potatoes, sugar beets, hops, fruit, hogs, cattle, and poultry; exporter of forest products" );; line 101119 (wfb::source-text illicit_drugs slovakia "transshipment point for Southwest Asian heroin bound for Western Europe" );; line 101125 (wfb::source-text economic_aid slovakia donor "the former Czechoslovakia was a donor - $4.2 billion in bilateral aid to non-Communist less developed countries (1954-89)" );; line 101131 (wfb::source-text currency slovakia "1 koruna (Sk) = 100 halierov" );; line 101136 (wfb::source-text exchange_rates slovakia "koruny (Sk) per US$1 - 31.14 (September 1994), 32.9 (December 1993), 28.59 (December 1992), 28.26 (1992), 29.53 (1991), 17.95 (1990), 15.05 (1989); note - values before 1993 reflect Czechoslovak exchange rate" );; line 101140 (wfb::source-text fiscal_year slovakia "calendar year" );; line 101146 (wfb::source-text railroads slovakia total "3,660 km (electrified 635 km)" );; line 101152 (wfb::source-text railroads slovakia broad_gauge "102 km 1.520-m gauge" );; line 101154 (wfb::source-text railroads slovakia standard_gauge "3,511 km 1.435-m gauge" );; line 101156 (wfb::source-text railroads slovakia narrow_gauge "47 km (35 km 1,000-m gauge; 12 km 0.750-m gauge) (1994)" );; line 101158 (wfb::source-text highways slovakia total "17,650 km (1990)" );; line 101163 (wfb::source-text highways slovakia paved "NA" );; line 101165 (wfb::source-text highways slovakia unpaved "NA" );; line 101167 (wfb::source-text inland_waterways slovakia "NA km" );; line 101171 (wfb::source-text pipelines slovakia "petroleum products NA km; natural gas 2,700 km" );; line 101175 (wfb::source-text port slovakia "Bratislava, Komarno" );; line 101179 (wfb::source-text merchant_marine slovakia total "2 cargo ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 4,160 GRT/6,163 DWT" );; line 101184 (wfb::source-text airports slovakia total "37" );; line 101189 (wfb::source-text airports slovakia |with paved runways over 3,047 m| "1" );; line 101191 (wfb::source-text airports slovakia |with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m| "3" );; line 101193 (wfb::source-text airports slovakia |with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m| "2" );; line 101195 (wfb::source-text airports slovakia |with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m| "2" );; line 101197 (wfb::source-text airports slovakia with_paved_runways_under_914_m "4" );; line 101199 (wfb::source-text airports slovakia |with unpaved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m| "2" );; line 101201 (wfb::source-text airports slovakia |with unpaved runways 1,524 to 2,438 m| "2" );; line 101203 (wfb::source-text airports slovakia |with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m| "10" );; line 101205 (wfb::source-text airports slovakia with_unpaved_runways_under_914_m "11" );; line 101207 (wfb::source-text telephone_system slovakia "NA telephones" );; line 101212 (wfb::source-text telephone_system slovakia local "NA" );; line 101214 (wfb::source-text telephone_system slovakia intercity "NA" );; line 101216 (wfb::source-text telephone_system slovakia international "NA" );; line 101218 (wfb::source-text radio slovakia broadcast_stations "AM NA, FM NA, shortwave NA" );; line 101223 (wfb::source-text radio slovakia radios "NA" );; line 101225 (wfb::source-text television slovakia broadcast_stations "NA" );; line 101230 (wfb::source-text television slovakia televisions "NA" );; line 101232 (wfb::source-text defense_branch slovakia "Army, Air and Air Defense Forces, Civil Defense, Railroad Units" );; line 101238 (wfb::source-text manpower_availability slovakia "males age 15-49 1,443,719; males fit for military service 1,107,453; males reach military age (18) annually 49,045 (1995 est.)" );; line 101242 (wfb::source-text defense_expenditures slovakia "9.59 billion koruny, 3.1% of GDP (1994 est.); note - conversion of defense expenditures into US dollars using the current exchange rate could produce misleading results" );; line 101247 (wfb::source-text location slovenia "Southeastern Europe, bordering the Adriatic Sea, between Croatia and Italy" );; line 101259 (wfb::source-text map_references slovenia "Ethnic Groups in Eastern Europe, Europe" );; line 101264 (wfb::source-text area slovenia total_area "20,296 sq km" );; line 101269 (wfb::source-text area slovenia land_area "20,296 sq km" );; line 101271 (wfb::source-text area slovenia comparative_area "slightly larger than New Jersey" );; line 101273 (wfb::source-text borders slovenia "total 1,045 km, Austria 262 km, Croatia 501 km, Italy 199 km, Hungary 83 km" );; line 101277 (wfb::source-text coastline slovenia "32 km" );; line 101282 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims slovenia "NA" );; line 101286 (wfb::source-text international_disputes slovenia "dispute with Croatia over fishing rights in the Adriatic and over some border areas; the border issue is currently under negotiation" );; line 101290 (wfb::source-text climate slovenia "Mediterranean climate on the coast, continental climate with mild to hot summers and cold winters in the plateaus and valleys to the east" );; line 101295 (wfb::source-text terrain slovenia "a short coastal strip on the Adriatic, an alpine mountain region adjacent to Italy, mixed mountain and valleys with numerous rivers to the east" );; line 101300 (wfb::source-text natural-resource slovenia "lignite coal, lead, zinc, mercury, uranium, silver" );; line 101305 (wfb::source-text land_use slovenia arable_land "10%" );; line 101310 (wfb::source-text land_use slovenia permanent_crops "2%" );; line 101312 (wfb::source-text land_use slovenia meadows_and_pastures "20%" );; line 101314 (wfb::source-text land_use slovenia forest_and_woodland "45%" );; line 101316 (wfb::source-text land_use slovenia other "23%" );; line 101318 (wfb::source-text irrigated_land slovenia "NA sq km" );; line 101322 (wfb::source-text environment slovenia current_issues "Sava River polluted with domestic and industrial waste; pollution of coastal waters with heavy metals and toxic chemicals; forest damage near Koper from air pollution (originating at metallurgical and chemical plants) and resulting acid rain" );; line 101327 (wfb::source-text environment slovenia natural_hazards "flooding and earthquakes" );; line 101332 (wfb::source-text environment slovenia international_agreements "party to - Air Pollution, Hazardous Wastes, Marine Dumping, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands; signed, but not ratified - Air Pollution-Sulphur 94, Biodiversity, Climate Change" );; line 101334 (wfb::source-text population slovenia "2,051,522 (July 1995 est.)" );; line 101342 (wfb::source-text age_structure slovenia 0-14_years "19% (female 191,318; male 200,957)" );; line 101347 (wfb::source-text age_structure slovenia 15-64_years "69% (female 701,082; male 708,482)" );; line 101349 (wfb::source-text age_structure slovenia 65_years_and_over "12% (female 160,662; male 89,021) (July 1995 est.)" );; line 101351 (wfb::source-text population_growth_rate slovenia "0.24% (1995 est.)" );; line 101355 (wfb::source-text birth_rate slovenia "11.85 births/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 101359 (wfb::source-text death_rate slovenia "9.27 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 101363 (wfb::source-text net_migration_rate slovenia "-0.19 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 101367 (wfb::source-text infant_mortality_rate slovenia "7.9 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.)" );; line 101371 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth slovenia total_population "74.73 years" );; line 101376 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth slovenia male "70.91 years" );; line 101378 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth slovenia female "78.76 years (1995 est.)" );; line 101380 (wfb::source-text total_fertility_rate slovenia "1.64 children born/woman (1995 est.)" );; line 101384 (wfb::source-text nationality slovenia noun "Slovene(s)" );; line 101389 (wfb::source-text nationality slovenia adjective "Slovenian" );; line 101391 (wfb::source-text ethnic-entity slovenia "Slovene 91%, Croat 3%, Serb 2%, Muslim 1%, other 3%" );; line 101395 (wfb::source-text religion slovenia "Roman Catholic 96% (including 2% Uniate), Muslim 1%, other 3%" );; line 101399 (wfb::source-text language slovenia "Slovenian 91%, Serbo-Croatian 7%, other 2%" );; line 101403 (wfb::source-text literacy slovenia "NA%" );; line 101407 (wfb::source-text total_labor_force slovenia "786,036" );; line 101411 (wfb::source-text labor_force_by_occupation slovenia by_occupation "agriculture 2%, manufacturing and mining 46%" );; line 101413 (wfb::source-text names slovenia conventional_long_form "Republic of Slovenia" );; line 101419 (wfb::source-text names slovenia conventional_short_form "Slovenia" );; line 101421 (wfb::source-text names slovenia local_long_form "Republika Slovenije" );; line 101423 (wfb::source-text names slovenia local_short_form "Slovenija" );; line 101425 (wfb::source-text digraph slovenia "SI" );; line 101429 (wfb::source-text type slovenia "emerging democracy" );; line 101433 (wfb::source-text capital slovenia "Ljubljana" );; line 101437 (wfb::source-text administrative_divisions slovenia "60 provinces (pokajine, singular - pokajina) Ajdovscina, Brezice, Celje, Cerknica, Crnomelj, Dravograd, Gornja Radgona, Grosuplje, Hrastnik Lasko, Idrija, Ilirska Bistrica, Izola, Jesenice, Kamnik, Kocevje, Koper, Kranj, Krsko, Lenart, Lendava, Litija, Ljubljana-Bezigrad, Ljubljana-Center, Ljubljana-Moste-Polje, Ljubljana-Siska, Ljubljana-Vic-Rudnik, Ljutomer, Logatec, Maribor, Metlika, Mozirje, Murska Sobota, Nova Gorica, Novo Mesto, Ormoz, Pesnica, Piran, Postojna, Ptuj, Radlje Ob Dravi, Radovljica, Ravne Na Koroskem, Ribnica, Ruse, Sentjur Pri Celju, Sevnica, Sezana, Skofja Loka, Slovenj Gradec, Slovenska Bistrica, Slovenske Konjice, Smarje Pri Jelsah, Tolmin, Trbovlje, Trebnje, Trzic, Velenje, Vrhnika, Zagorje Ob Savi, Zalec" );; line 101441 (wfb::source-text independence slovenia "25 June 1991 (from Yugoslavia)" );; line 101454 (wfb::source-text national_holiday slovenia "Statehood Day, 25 June (1991)" );; line 101458 (wfb::source-text constitution slovenia "adopted 23 December 1991, effective 23 December 1991" );; line 101462 (wfb::source-text legal_system slovenia "based on civil law system" );; line 101466 (wfb::source-text suffrage slovenia "18 years of age; universal (16 years of age, if employed)" );; line 101470 (wfb::source-text executive_branch slovenia chief_of_state "President Milan KUCAN (since 22 April 1990); election last held 6 December 1992 (next to be held NA 1996); results - Milan KUCAN reelected by direct popular vote" );; line 101475 (wfb::source-text executive_branch slovenia head_of_government "Prime Minister Janez DRNOVSEK (since 14 May 1992)" );; line 101479 (wfb::source-text executive_branch slovenia cabinet "Council of Ministers" );; line 101481 (wfb::source-text legislative_structure slovenia "bicameral National Assembly" );; line 101485 (wfb::source-text legislative_branch slovenia state_assembly "elections last held 6 December 1992 (next to be held NA 1996); results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (90 total) LDS 22, SKD 15, United List (former Communists and allies) 14, Slovene National Party 12, SLS 10, Democratic Party 6, ZS 5, SDSS 4, Hungarian minority 1, Italian minority 1" );; line 101487 (wfb::source-text legislative_branch slovenia state_council "will become operational after next election in 1996; in the election of 6 December 1992, 40 members were elected to represent local and socioeconomic interests" );; line 101493 (wfb::source-text judicial_branch slovenia "Supreme Court, Constitutional Court" );; line 101499 (wfb::source-text political_parties_and_leaders slovenia "Liberal Democratic (LDS), Janez DRNOVSEK, chairman; Slovene Christian Democrats (SKD), Lozje PETERLE, chairman; Social Democratic Party of Slovenia (SDSS), Janez JANSA, chairman; Slovene People's National Party, Marjan PODOBNIK, chairman; United List (former Communists and allies), Janez KOCJANCIC, chairman; Slovene People's Party (SLS), Ivan OMAN, chairman; Democratic Party, Igor BAVCAR, chairman; Greens of Slovenia (ZS), Dusan PLUT, chairman" );; line 101503 (wfb::source-text other_political_or_pressure_groups slovenia "none" );; line 101514 (wfb::source-text member_of slovenia "CCC, CE, CEI, EBRD, ECE, FAO, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFC, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT (nonsignatory user), INTERPOL, IOC, IOM (observer), ISO, ITU, NAM (guest), OSCE, PFP, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO" );; line 101518 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us slovenia chief_of_mission "Ambassador Ernest PETRIC" );; line 101526 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us slovenia chancery "1525 New Hampshire Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20036" );; line 101528 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us slovenia telephone "[1] (202) 667-5363" );; line 101530 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us slovenia fax "[1] (202) 667-4563" );; line 101532 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us slovenia |consulate(s) general| "New York" );; line 101534 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation slovenia chief_of_mission "Ambassador E. Allan WENDT" );; line 101539 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation slovenia embassy "P.O. Box 254, Prazakova 4, 61000 Ljubljana" );; line 101541 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation slovenia mailing_address "American Embassy, Ljubljana, Department of State, Washington, DC 20521-7140" );; line 101543 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation slovenia telephone "[386] (61) 301-427, 472, 485" );; line 101546 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation slovenia fax "[386] (61) 301-401" );; line 101548 (wfb::source-text flag slovenia "three equal horizontal bands of white (top), blue, and red with the Slovenian seal (a shield with the image of Triglav in white against a blue background at the center, beneath it are two wavy blue lines depicting seas and rivers, and around it, there are three six-sided stars arranged in an inverted triangle); the seal is located in the upper hoist side of the flag centered in the white and blue bands" );; line 101552 (wfb::source-text overview slovenia "Slovenia appears to be making a solid economic recovery, fulfilling the promise it showed at the time of Yugoslavia's breakup. It was by far the most prosperous of the former Yugoslav republics, with a per capita income more than twice the national average. It also benefited from strong ties to Western Europe and suffered comparatively small physical damage in the dismemberment process. The beginning was difficult, however. Real GDP fell 15% during 1991-92, while inflation jumped to 247% in 1991 and unemployment topped 8% - nearly three times the 1989 level. The turning point came in 1993 when real GDP grew 1%, unemployment leveled off at about 9%, and inflation slowed dramatically to 23%. In 1994, the rate of growth of GDP rose to 4%, unemployment remained stable, and inflation dropped to 20%. This was accomplished, moreover, without balance-of-payments problems. The government gets generally good economic marks from foreign observers, particularly with regard to fiscal policy - the budget deficit in 1994 was only about 1% of GDP, following several years of small surpluses. Prospects for 1995 appear good, with economic growth expected to remain strong while unemployment and inflation may decline slightly. Privatization, sluggish to date, is expected to pick up in 1995." );; line 101562 (wfb::source-text national_product slovenia "GDP - purchasing power parity - $16 billion (1994 est.)" );; line 101582 (wfb::source-text national_product_real_growth_rate slovenia "4% (1994 est.)" );; line 101586 (wfb::source-text national_product_per_capita slovenia "$8,110 (1994 est.)" );; line 101590 (wfb::source-text |Inflation rate (consumer prices)| slovenia "20% (1994)" );; line 101594 (wfb::source-text unemployment_rate slovenia "9% (1994 est.)" );; line 101598 (wfb::source-text budget slovenia revenues "$9.9 billion" );; line 101603 (wfb::source-text budget slovenia expenditures "$9.8 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA (1993)" );; line 101605 (wfb::source-text exports slovenia "$6.5 billion (f.o.b., 1994 est.)" );; line 101609 (wfb::source-text exports slovenia commodities "machinery and transport equipment 27%, intermediate manufactured goods 26%, chemicals 9%, food 4.8%, raw materials 3%, consumer goods 26% (1993)" );; line 101611 (wfb::source-text exports slovenia partners "Germany 29.5%, former Yugoslavia 15.8%, Italy 12.4%, France 8.7%, Austria 5.0% (1993)" );; line 101615 (wfb::source-text imports slovenia "$6.5 billion (f.o.b., 1994 est.)" );; line 101620 (wfb::source-text imports slovenia commodities "machinery and transport equipment 30%, intermediate manufactured goods 17.6%, chemicals 11.5%, raw materials 5.3%, fuels and lubricants 10.8%, food 8.4% (1993)" );; line 101622 (wfb::source-text imports slovenia partners "Germany 25.0%, Italy 16.1%, former Yugoslavia 10.7%, France 8.0%, Austria 8.5% (1993)" );; line 101626 (wfb::source-text external_debt slovenia "$2.1 billion (1994)" );; line 101631 (wfb::source-text industrial_production slovenia "growth rate 6% (1994 est.); accounts for 37% of GDP (1993)" );; line 101635 (wfb::source-text electricity slovenia capacity "2,700,000 kW" );; line 101640 (wfb::source-text electricity slovenia production "8.9 billion kWh" );; line 101642 (wfb::source-text electricity slovenia consumption_per_capita "4,470 kWh (1993)" );; line 101644 (wfb::source-text industry slovenia "ferrous metallurgy and rolling mill products, aluminum reduction and rolled products, lead and zinc smelting, electronics (including military electronics), trucks, electric power equipment, wood products, textiles, chemicals, machine tools" );; line 101648 (wfb::source-text agriculture slovenia "accounts for 4.8% of GDP (1993); dominated by stock breeding (sheep and cattle) and dairy farming; main crops - potatoes, hops, hemp, flax; an export surplus in these commodities; Slovenia must import many other agricultural products and has a negative overall trade balance in this sector" );; line 101655 (wfb::source-text illicit_drugs slovenia "NA" );; line 101662 (wfb::source-text economic_aid slovenia "$NA" );; line 101666 (wfb::source-text currency slovenia "1 tolar (SlT) = 100 stotins" );; line 101670 (wfb::source-text exchange_rates slovenia "tolars (SIT) per US$1 - 127 (January 1995), 112 (June 1993), 28 (January 1992)" );; line 101674 (wfb::source-text fiscal_year slovenia "calendar year" );; line 101679 (wfb::source-text railroads slovenia total "1,201 km" );; line 101685 (wfb::source-text railroads slovenia standard_gauge "1,201 km 1.435-m gauge (electrified 499 km) (1994)" );; line 101687 (wfb::source-text highways slovenia total "14,726 km" );; line 101692 (wfb::source-text highways slovenia paved "11,046 km (187 km expressways)" );; line 101694 (wfb::source-text highways slovenia unpaved "gravel 3,680 km (1992)" );; line 101696 (wfb::source-text inland_waterways slovenia "NA" );; line 101700 (wfb::source-text pipelines slovenia "crude oil 290 km; natural gas 305 km" );; line 101704 (wfb::source-text port slovenia "Izola, Koper, Piran" );; line 101708 (wfb::source-text merchant_marine slovenia total "17 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 265,937 GRT/449,205 DWT (controlled by Slovenian owners)" );; line 101713 (wfb::source-text merchant_marine slovenia ships_by_type "bulk 11, cargo 6" );; line 101716 (wfb::source-text airports slovenia total "14" );; line 101724 (wfb::source-text airports slovenia |with paved runways over 3,047 m| "1" );; line 101726 (wfb::source-text airports slovenia |with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m| "1" );; line 101728 (wfb::source-text airports slovenia |with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m| "1" );; line 101730 (wfb::source-text airports slovenia |with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m| "2" );; line 101732 (wfb::source-text airports slovenia with_paved_runways_under_914_m "5" );; line 101734 (wfb::source-text airports slovenia |with unpaved runways 1,524 to 2,438 m| "2" );; line 101736 (wfb::source-text airports slovenia |with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m| "2" );; line 101738 (wfb::source-text telephone_system slovenia "130,000 telephones" );; line 101743 (wfb::source-text telephone_system slovenia local "NA" );; line 101745 (wfb::source-text telephone_system slovenia intercity "NA" );; line 101747 (wfb::source-text telephone_system slovenia international "NA" );; line 101749 (wfb::source-text radio slovenia broadcast_stations "AM 6, FM 5, shortwave 0" );; line 101754 (wfb::source-text radio slovenia radios "370,000" );; line 101756 (wfb::source-text television slovenia broadcast_stations "7" );; line 101761 (wfb::source-text television slovenia televisions "330,000" );; line 101763 (wfb::source-text defense_branch slovenia "Slovene Defense Forces" );; line 101769 (wfb::source-text manpower_availability slovenia "males age 15-49 542,815; males fit for military service 434,302; males reach military age (19) annually 15,350 (1995 est.)" );; line 101773 (wfb::source-text defense_expenditures slovenia "13.5 billion tolars, 4.5% of GDP (1993 est.); note - conversion of the military budget into US dollars using the current exchange rate could produce misleading results" );; line 101778 (wfb::source-text location solomon_islands "Oceania, group of islands in the South Pacific Ocean, east of Papua New Guinea" );; line 101790 (wfb::source-text map_references solomon_islands "Oceania" );; line 101795 (wfb::source-text area solomon_islands total_area "28,450 sq km" );; line 101800 (wfb::source-text area solomon_islands land_area "27,540 sq km" );; line 101802 (wfb::source-text area solomon_islands comparative_area "slightly larger than Maryland" );; line 101804 (wfb::source-text borders solomon_islands "0 km" );; line 101808 (wfb::source-text coastline solomon_islands "5,313 km" );; line 101812 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims solomon_islands "measured from claimed archipelagic baselines" );; line 101816 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims solomon_islands continental_shelf "200 nm" );; line 101818 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims solomon_islands exclusive_economic_zone "200 nm" );; line 101820 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims solomon_islands territorial_sea "12 nm" );; line 101822 (wfb::source-text international_disputes solomon_islands "none" );; line 101826 (wfb::source-text climate solomon_islands "tropical monsoon; few extremes of temperature and weather" );; line 101830 (wfb::source-text terrain solomon_islands "mostly rugged mountains with some low coral atolls" );; line 101834 (wfb::source-text natural-resource solomon_islands "fish, forests, gold, bauxite, phosphates, lead, zinc, nickel" );; line 101838 (wfb::source-text land_use solomon_islands arable_land "1%" );; line 101843 (wfb::source-text land_use solomon_islands permanent_crops "1%" );; line 101845 (wfb::source-text land_use solomon_islands meadows_and_pastures "1%" );; line 101847 (wfb::source-text land_use solomon_islands forest_and_woodland "93%" );; line 101849 (wfb::source-text land_use solomon_islands other "4%" );; line 101851 (wfb::source-text irrigated_land solomon_islands "NA sq km" );; line 101855 (wfb::source-text environment solomon_islands current_issues "deforestation; soil erosion; much of the surrounding coral reefs are dead or dying" );; line 101860 (wfb::source-text environment solomon_islands natural_hazards "typhoons, but they are rarely destructive; geologically active region with frequent earth tremors; volcanic activity" );; line 101863 (wfb::source-text environment solomon_islands international_agreements "party to - Climate Change, Environmental Modification, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Whaling; signed, but not ratified - Biodiversity, Law of the Sea" );; line 101866 (wfb::source-text population solomon_islands "399,206 (July 1995 est.)" );; line 101874 (wfb::source-text age_structure solomon_islands 0-14_years "46% (female 90,293; male 93,695)" );; line 101879 (wfb::source-text age_structure solomon_islands 15-64_years "51% (female 100,183; male 103,374)" );; line 101881 (wfb::source-text age_structure solomon_islands 65_years_and_over "3% (female 5,738; male 5,923) (July 1995 est.)" );; line 101883 (wfb::source-text population_growth_rate solomon_islands "3.4% (1995 est.)" );; line 101887 (wfb::source-text birth_rate solomon_islands "38.48 births/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 101891 (wfb::source-text death_rate solomon_islands "4.51 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 101895 (wfb::source-text net_migration_rate solomon_islands "0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 101899 (wfb::source-text infant_mortality_rate solomon_islands "26.7 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.)" );; line 101903 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth solomon_islands total_population "70.84 years" );; line 101908 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth solomon_islands male "68.38 years" );; line 101910 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth solomon_islands female "73.41 years (1995 est.)" );; line 101912 (wfb::source-text total_fertility_rate solomon_islands "5.59 children born/woman (1995 est.)" );; line 101916 (wfb::source-text nationality solomon_islands noun "Solomon Islander(s)" );; line 101921 (wfb::source-text nationality solomon_islands adjective "Solomon Islander" );; line 101923 (wfb::source-text ethnic-entity solomon_islands "Melanesian 93%, Polynesian 4%, Micronesian 1.5%, European 0.8%, Chinese 0.3%, other 0.4%" );; line 101927 (wfb::source-text religion solomon_islands "Anglican 34%, Roman Catholic 19%, Baptist 17%, United (Methodist/Presbyterian) 11%, Seventh-Day Adventist 10%, other Protestant 5%, traditional beliefs 4%" );; line 101932 (wfb::source-text language solomon_islands "Melanesian pidgin in much of the country is lingua franca, English spoken by 1%-2% of population" );; line 101938 (wfb::source-text literacy solomon_islands "NA%" );; line 101945 (wfb::source-text total_labor_force solomon_islands "NA" );; line 101949 (wfb::source-text labor_force_by_occupation solomon_islands by_occupation "agriculture, forestry, and fishing 32.4%, services 25%, construction, manufacturing, and mining 7.0%, commerce, transport, and finance 4.7% (1984)" );; line 101951 (wfb::source-text names solomon_islands conventional_long_form "none" );; line 101959 (wfb::source-text names solomon_islands conventional_short_form "Solomon Islands" );; line 101961 (wfb::source-text names solomon_islands former "British Solomon Islands" );; line 101963 (wfb::source-text digraph solomon_islands "BP" );; line 101967 (wfb::source-text type solomon_islands "parliamentary democracy" );; line 101971 (wfb::source-text capital solomon_islands "Honiara" );; line 101975 (wfb::source-text administrative_divisions solomon_islands "7 provinces and 1 town*; Central, Guadalcanal, Honiara*, Isabel, Makira, Malaita, Temotu, Western" );; line 101979 (wfb::source-text independence solomon_islands "7 July 1978 (from UK)" );; line 101984 (wfb::source-text national_holiday solomon_islands "Independence Day, 7 July (1978)" );; line 101988 (wfb::source-text constitution solomon_islands "7 July 1978" );; line 101992 (wfb::source-text legal_system solomon_islands "common law" );; line 101996 (wfb::source-text suffrage solomon_islands "21 years of age; universal" );; line 102000 (wfb::source-text executive_branch solomon_islands chief_of_state "Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952), represented by Governor General Moses PITAKAKA (since 10 June 1994)" );; line 102005 (wfb::source-text executive_branch solomon_islands head_of_government "Prime Minister Solomon MAMALONI (since 7 November 1994); Deputy Prime Minister Dennis LULEI (since 10 November 1994)" );; line 102008 (wfb::source-text executive_branch solomon_islands cabinet "Cabinet; appointed by the governor general on advice of the prime minister from members of parliament" );; line 102011 (wfb::source-text legislative_structure solomon_islands "unicameral" );; line 102016 (wfb::source-text legislative_branch solomon_islands national_parliament "elections last held NA November 1994 (next to be held NA 1997); results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (47 total) number of seats by party NA" );; line 102018 (wfb::source-text judicial_branch solomon_islands "High Court" );; line 102024 (wfb::source-text political_parties_and_leaders solomon_islands "People's Alliance Party (PAP); United Party (UP), leader NA; Solomon Islands Liberal Party (SILP), Bartholemew ULUFA'ALU; Nationalist Front for Progress (NFP), Andrew NORI; Labor Party (LP), Joses TUHANUKU; National Action Party, leader NA; Christian Fellowship, leader NA; National Unity Group, Solomon MAMALONI" );; line 102028 (wfb::source-text member_of solomon_islands "ACP, AsDB, C, ESCAP, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT (nonsignatory user), IOC, ITU, SPARTECA, SPC, SPF, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WMO" );; line 102036 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us solomon_islands "ambassador traditionally resides in Honiara (Solomon Islands)" );; line 102042 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation solomon_islands "embassy closed July 1993; the ambassador to Papua New Guinea is accredited to the Solomon Islands" );; line 102046 (wfb::source-text flag solomon_islands "divided diagonally by a thin yellow stripe from the lower hoist-side corner; the upper triangle (hoist side) is blue with five white five-pointed stars arranged in an X pattern; the lower triangle is green" );; line 102051 (wfb::source-text overview solomon_islands "The bulk of the population depend on subsistence agriculture, fishing, and forestry for at least part of their livelihood. Most manufactured goods and petroleum products must be imported. The islands are rich in undeveloped mineral resources such as lead, zinc, nickel, and gold. The economy suffered from a severe cyclone in mid-1986 that caused widespread damage to the infrastructure. In 1993, the government was working with the IMF to develop a structural adjustment program to address the country's fiscal deficit." );; line 102058 (wfb::source-text national_product solomon_islands "GDP - purchasing power parity - $1 billion (1992 est.)" );; line 102068 (wfb::source-text national_product_real_growth_rate solomon_islands "8% (1992)" );; line 102072 (wfb::source-text national_product_per_capita solomon_islands "$2,590 (1992 est.)" );; line 102076 (wfb::source-text |Inflation rate (consumer prices)| solomon_islands "13% (1992 est.)" );; line 102080 (wfb::source-text unemployment_rate solomon_islands "NA%" );; line 102084 (wfb::source-text budget solomon_islands revenues "$48 million" );; line 102089 (wfb::source-text budget solomon_islands expenditures "$107 million, including capital expenditures of $45 million (1991 est.)" );; line 102091 (wfb::source-text exports solomon_islands "$84 million (f.o.b., 1991)" );; line 102096 (wfb::source-text exports solomon_islands commodities "fish 46%, timber 31%, palm oil 5%, cocoa, copra" );; line 102098 (wfb::source-text exports solomon_islands partners "Japan 39%, UK 23%, Thailand 9%, Australia 5%, US 2% (1991)" );; line 102100 (wfb::source-text imports solomon_islands "$110 million (c.i.f., 1991)" );; line 102104 (wfb::source-text imports solomon_islands commodities "plant and machinery, manufactured goods, food and live animals, fuel" );; line 102106 (wfb::source-text imports solomon_islands partners "Australia 34%, Japan 16%, Singapore 14%, NZ 9%" );; line 102109 (wfb::source-text external_debt solomon_islands "$128 million (1988 est.)" );; line 102113 (wfb::source-text industrial_production solomon_islands "growth rate -3.8% (1991 est.); accounts for 5% of GDP" );; line 102117 (wfb::source-text electricity solomon_islands capacity "21,000 kW" );; line 102122 (wfb::source-text electricity solomon_islands production "30 million kWh" );; line 102124 (wfb::source-text electricity solomon_islands consumption_per_capita "80 kWh (1993)" );; line 102126 (wfb::source-text industry solomon_islands "copra, fish (tuna)" );; line 102130 (wfb::source-text agriculture solomon_islands "including fishing and forestry, accounts for 31% of GDP; mostly subsistence farming; cash crops - cocoa, beans, coconuts, palm kernels, timber; other products - rice, potatoes, vegetables, fruit, cattle, pigs; not self-sufficient in food grains; 90% of the total fish catch of 44,500 metric tons was exported (1988)" );; line 102134 (wfb::source-text economic_aid solomon_islands recipient "Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1980-89), $250 million" );; line 102143 (wfb::source-text currency solomon_islands "1 Solomon Islands dollar (SI$) = 100 cents" );; line 102148 (wfb::source-text exchange_rates solomon_islands "Solomon Islands dollars (SI$) per US$1 - 3.3113 (September 1994), 3.1877 (1993), 2.9281 (1992), 2.7148 (1991), 2.5288 (1990)" );; line 102152 (wfb::source-text fiscal_year solomon_islands "calendar year" );; line 102157 (wfb::source-text railroads solomon_islands "0 km" );; line 102162 (wfb::source-text highways solomon_islands total "1,300 km" );; line 102167 (wfb::source-text highways solomon_islands paved "30 km" );; line 102169 (wfb::source-text highways solomon_islands unpaved "gravel 290 km; earth 980 km" );; line 102171 (wfb::source-text port solomon_islands "Aola Bay, Honiara, Lofung, Noro, Viru Harbor, Yandina" );; line 102178 (wfb::source-text merchant_marine solomon_islands "none" );; line 102182 (wfb::source-text airports solomon_islands total "31" );; line 102187 (wfb::source-text airports solomon_islands |with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m| "1" );; line 102189 (wfb::source-text airports solomon_islands |with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m| "1" );; line 102191 (wfb::source-text airports solomon_islands with_paved_runways_under_914_m "19" );; line 102193 (wfb::source-text airports solomon_islands |with unpaved runways 1,524 to 2,438 m| "1" );; line 102195 (wfb::source-text airports solomon_islands |with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m| "9" );; line 102197 (wfb::source-text telephone_system solomon_islands "3,000 telephones" );; line 102202 (wfb::source-text telephone_system solomon_islands local "NA" );; line 102204 (wfb::source-text telephone_system solomon_islands intercity "NA" );; line 102206 (wfb::source-text telephone_system solomon_islands international "1 INTELSAT (Pacific Ocean) earth station" );; line 102208 (wfb::source-text radio solomon_islands broadcast_stations "AM 4, FM 0, shortwave 0" );; line 102213 (wfb::source-text radio solomon_islands radios "NA" );; line 102215 (wfb::source-text television solomon_islands broadcast_stations "0" );; line 102220 (wfb::source-text television solomon_islands televisions "NA" );; line 102222 (wfb::source-text defense_branch solomon_islands "no military forces; Royal Solomon Islands Police (RSIP)" );; line 102228 (wfb::source-text defense_expenditures solomon_islands "$NA, NA% of GDP" );; line 102232 (wfb::source-text location somalia "Eastern Africa, bordering the Gulf of Aden and the Indian Ocean, east of Ethiopia" );; line 102242 (wfb::source-text map_references somalia "Africa" );; line 102247 (wfb::source-text area somalia total_area "637,660 sq km" );; line 102252 (wfb::source-text area somalia land_area "627,340 sq km" );; line 102254 (wfb::source-text area somalia comparative_area "slightly smaller than Texas" );; line 102256 (wfb::source-text borders somalia "total 2,366 km, Djibouti 58 km, Ethiopia 1,626 km, Kenya 682 km" );; line 102260 (wfb::source-text coastline somalia "3,025 km" );; line 102264 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims somalia territorial_sea "200 nm" );; line 102269 (wfb::source-text international_disputes somalia "southern half of boundary with Ethiopia is a Provisional Administrative Line; territorial dispute with Ethiopia over the Ogaden" );; line 102273 (wfb::source-text climate somalia "principally desert; December to February - northeast monsoon, moderate temperatures in north and very hot in south; May to October - southwest monsoon, torrid in the north and hot in the south, irregular rainfall, hot and humid periods (tangambili) between monsoons" );; line 102278 (wfb::source-text terrain somalia "mostly flat to undulating plateau rising to hills in north" );; line 102285 (wfb::source-text natural-resource somalia "uranium and largely unexploited reserves of iron ore, tin, gypsum, bauxite, copper, salt" );; line 102289 (wfb::source-text land_use somalia arable_land "2%" );; line 102295 (wfb::source-text land_use somalia permanent_crops "0%" );; line 102297 (wfb::source-text land_use somalia meadows_and_pastures "46%" );; line 102299 (wfb::source-text land_use somalia forest_and_woodland "14%" );; line 102301 (wfb::source-text land_use somalia other "38%" );; line 102303 (wfb::source-text irrigated_land somalia "1,600 sq km (1989 est.)" );; line 102307 (wfb::source-text environment somalia current_issues "famine; use of contaminated water contributes to human health problems; deforestation; overgrazing; soil erosion; desertification" );; line 102312 (wfb::source-text environment somalia natural_hazards "recurring droughts; frequent dust storms over eastern plains in summer" );; line 102315 (wfb::source-text environment somalia international_agreements "party to - Endangered Species, Law of the Sea; signed, but not ratified - Marine Dumping, Nuclear Test Ban" );; line 102318 (wfb::source-text note somalia "strategic location on Horn of Africa along southern approaches to Bab el Mandeb and route through Red Sea and Suez Canal" );; line 102323 (wfb::source-text population somalia "7,347,554 (July 1995 est.)" );; line 102330 (wfb::source-text age_structure somalia 0-14_years "45% (female 1,653,175; male 1,650,377)" );; line 102335 (wfb::source-text age_structure somalia 15-64_years "51% (female 1,845,886; male 1,932,012)" );; line 102337 (wfb::source-text age_structure somalia 65_years_and_over "4% (female 138,264; male 127,840) (July 1995 est.)" );; line 102339 (wfb::source-text population_growth_rate somalia "15.58% (1995 est.)" );; line 102343 (wfb::source-text birth_rate somalia "45.53 births/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 102347 (wfb::source-text death_rate somalia "13.3 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 102351 (wfb::source-text net_migration_rate somalia "123.62 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 102355 (wfb::source-text infant_mortality_rate somalia "119.5 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.)" );; line 102359 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth somalia total_population "55.74 years" );; line 102364 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth somalia male "55.48 years" );; line 102366 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth somalia female "56 years (1995 est.)" );; line 102368 (wfb::source-text total_fertility_rate somalia "7.13 children born/woman (1995 est.)" );; line 102372 (wfb::source-text nationality somalia noun "Somali(s)" );; line 102377 (wfb::source-text nationality somalia adjective "Somali" );; line 102379 (wfb::source-text ethnic-entity somalia "Somali 85%, Bantu, Arabs 30,000" );; line 102383 (wfb::source-text religion somalia "Sunni Muslim" );; line 102387 (wfb::source-text language somalia "Somali (official), Arabic, Italian, English" );; line 102391 (wfb::source-text literacy somalia "age 15 and over can read and write (1990 est.)" );; line 102395 (wfb::source-text literacy somalia total_population "24%" );; line 102397 (wfb::source-text literacy somalia male "36%" );; line 102399 (wfb::source-text literacy somalia female "14%" );; line 102401 (wfb::source-text total_labor_force somalia "2.2 million (very few are skilled laborers)" );; line 102405 (wfb::source-text labor_force_by_occupation somalia by_occupation "pastoral nomad 70%, agriculture, government, trading, fishing, handicrafts, and other 30%" );; line 102407 (wfb::source-text names somalia conventional_long_form "none" );; line 102414 (wfb::source-text names somalia conventional_short_form "Somalia" );; line 102416 (wfb::source-text names somalia former "Somali Republic" );; line 102418 (wfb::source-text digraph somalia "SO" );; line 102422 (wfb::source-text type somalia "none" );; line 102426 (wfb::source-text capital somalia "Mogadishu" );; line 102430 (wfb::source-text administrative_divisions somalia "18 regions (plural - NA, singular - gobolka); Awdal, Bakool, Banaadir, Bari, Bay, Galguduud, Gedo, Hiiraan, Jubbada Dhexe, Jubbada Hoose, Mudug, Nugaal, Sanaag, Shabeellaha Dhexe, Shabeellaha Hoose, Sool, Togdheer, Woqooyi Galbeed" );; line 102434 (wfb::source-text independence somalia "1 July 1960 (from a merger of British Somaliland, which became independent from the UK on 26 June 1960, and Italian Somaliland, which became independent from the Italian-administered UN trusteeship on 1 July 1960, to form the Somali Republic)" );; line 102441 (wfb::source-text national_holiday somalia "NA" );; line 102448 (wfb::source-text constitution somalia "25 August 1979, presidential approval 23 September 1979" );; line 102452 (wfb::source-text legal_system somalia "NA" );; line 102456 (wfb::source-text suffrage somalia "18 years of age; universal" );; line 102460 (wfb::source-text executive_branch somalia "Somalia has no functioning government; the United Somali Congress (USC) ousted the regime of Maj. Gen. Mohamed SIAD Barre on 27 January 1991; the present political situation is one of anarchy, marked by inter-clan fighting and random banditry" );; line 102464 (wfb::source-text legislative_structure somalia "unicameral People's Assembly" );; line 102471 (wfb::source-text legislative_branch somalia |People's Assembly (Golaha Shacbiga)| "not functioning" );; line 102473 (wfb::source-text judicial_branch somalia "Supreme Court (not functioning)" );; line 102477 (wfb::source-text political_parties_and_leaders somalia "the United Somali Congress (USC) ousted the former regime on 27 January 1991; formerly the only party was the Somali Revolutionary Socialist Party (SRSP), headed by former President and Commander in Chief of the Army Maj. Gen. Mohamed SIAD Barre" );; line 102481 (wfb::source-text other_political_or_pressure_groups somalia "numerous clan and subclan factions are currently vying for power" );; line 102488 (wfb::source-text member_of somalia "ACP, AfDB, AFESD, AL, AMF, CAEU, ECA, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IGADD, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, IOM (observer), ITU, NAM, OAU, OIC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO" );; line 102492 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us somalia "Somalian Embassy ceased operations on 8 May 1991" );; line 102499 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation somalia liaison_office "US Embassy, Nairobi, Kenya" );; line 102508 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation somalia address "corner of Moi Avenue and Haile Selassie Avenue, Nairobi" );; line 102510 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation somalia mailing_address "P.O. Box 30137, Unit 64100, Nairobi or APO AE 09831" );; line 102512 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation somalia telephone "[254] (2) 334141" );; line 102514 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation somalia fax "[254] (2) 340838" );; line 102516 (wfb::source-text flag somalia "light blue with a large white five-pointed star in the center; design based on the flag of the UN (Italian Somaliland was a UN trust territory)" );; line 102520 (wfb::source-text overview somalia "One of the world's poorest and least developed countries, Somalia has few resources. Moreover, much of the economy has been devastated by the civil war. Agriculture is the most important sector, with livestock accounting for about 40% of GDP and about 65% of export earnings. Nomads and seminomads who are dependent upon livestock for their livelihood make up about 70% of the population. Crop production generates only 10% of GDP and employs about 20% of the work force. The main export crop is bananas; sugar, sorghum, and corn are grown for the domestic market. The small industrial sector is based on the processing of agricultural products and accounts for less than 10% of GDP; most facilities have been shut down because of the civil strife. The greatly increased political turmoil of 1991-93 has resulted in a substantial drop in agricultural output, with widespread famine. In 1994 economic conditions stabilized in the countryside but may turn worse in 1995 if civil strife intensifies after the UN withdrawal." );; line 102527 (wfb::source-text national_product somalia "GDP - purchasing power parity - $3.3 billion (1994 est.)" );; line 102544 (wfb::source-text national_product_real_growth_rate somalia "NA%" );; line 102548 (wfb::source-text national_product_per_capita somalia "$500 (1994 est.)" );; line 102552 (wfb::source-text |Inflation rate (consumer prices)| somalia "NA% (1994)" );; line 102556 (wfb::source-text unemployment_rate somalia "NA%" );; line 102560 (wfb::source-text budget somalia revenues "$NA" );; line 102565 (wfb::source-text budget somalia expenditures "$NA, including capital expenditures of $NA" );; line 102567 (wfb::source-text exports somalia "$58 million (1990 est.)" );; line 102571 (wfb::source-text exports somalia commodities "bananas, live animals, fish, hides" );; line 102573 (wfb::source-text exports somalia partners "Saudi Arabia, Italy, FRG (1986)" );; line 102575 (wfb::source-text imports somalia "$249 million (1990 est.)" );; line 102579 (wfb::source-text imports somalia commodities "petroleum products, foodstuffs, construction materials" );; line 102581 (wfb::source-text imports somalia partners "US 13%, Italy, FRG, Kenya, UK, Saudi Arabia (1986)" );; line 102583 (wfb::source-text external_debt somalia "$1.9 billion (1989)" );; line 102587 (wfb::source-text industrial_production somalia "growth rate NA%" );; line 102591 (wfb::source-text electricity somalia capacity "prior to the civil war, 75,000 kW, but now almost completely shut down due to war damage; note - UN and relief organizations use their own portable power systems" );; line 102596 (wfb::source-text electricity somalia production "NA kWh" );; line 102600 (wfb::source-text electricity somalia consumption_per_capita "NA kWh" );; line 102602 (wfb::source-text industry somalia "a few small industries, including sugar refining, textiles, petroleum refining (mostly shut down) (1994)" );; line 102606 (wfb::source-text agriculture somalia "dominant sector, led by livestock raising (cattle, sheep, goats); crops - bananas, sorghum, corn, mangoes, sugarcane; not self-sufficient in food; distribution of food disrupted by civil strife; fishing potential largely unexploited" );; line 102611 (wfb::source-text economic_aid somalia recipient "US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-89), $639 million; Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-89), $3.8 billion; OPEC bilateral aid (1979-89), $1.1 billion; Communist countries (1970-89), $336 million" );; line 102619 (wfb::source-text currency somalia "1 Somali shilling (So. Sh.) = 100 cents" );; line 102626 (wfb::source-text exchange_rates somalia "Somali shillings (So. Sh.) per US$1 - approximately 5,000 (1 January 1995), 2,616 (1 July 1993), 4,200 (December 1992), 3,800.00 (December 1990), 490.7 (1989)," );; line 102630 (wfb::source-text fiscal_year somalia "calendar year" );; line 102636 (wfb::source-text railroads somalia "0 km" );; line 102641 (wfb::source-text highways somalia total "22,500 km" );; line 102646 (wfb::source-text highways somalia paved "2,700 km" );; line 102648 (wfb::source-text highways somalia unpaved "gravel 3,000 km; improved, stabilized earth 16,800 km (1992)" );; line 102650 (wfb::source-text pipelines somalia "crude oil 15 km" );; line 102654 (wfb::source-text port somalia "Bender Cassim (Boosaaso), Berbera, Chisimayu (Kismaayo), Merca, Mogadishu" );; line 102658 (wfb::source-text merchant_marine somalia total "2 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 5,529 GRT/6,892 DWT" );; line 102664 (wfb::source-text merchant_marine somalia ships_by_type "cargo 1, refrigerated cargo 1" );; line 102666 (wfb::source-text airports somalia total "76" );; line 102671 (wfb::source-text airports somalia |with paved runways over 3,047 m| "3" );; line 102673 (wfb::source-text airports somalia |with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m| "1" );; line 102675 (wfb::source-text airports somalia |with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m| "3" );; line 102677 (wfb::source-text airports somalia |with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m| "1" );; line 102679 (wfb::source-text airports somalia with_paved_runways_under_914_m "14" );; line 102681 (wfb::source-text airports somalia |with unpaved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m| "5" );; line 102683 (wfb::source-text airports somalia |with unpaved runways 1,524 to 2,438 m| "16" );; line 102685 (wfb::source-text airports somalia |with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m| "33" );; line 102687 (wfb::source-text telephone_system somalia "NA telephones; the public telecommunications system was completely destroyed or dismantled by the civil war factions; all relief organizations depend on their own private systems (1993)" );; line 102692 (wfb::source-text telephone_system somalia local "NA" );; line 102696 (wfb::source-text telephone_system somalia intercity "NA" );; line 102698 (wfb::source-text telephone_system somalia international "NA" );; line 102700 (wfb::source-text radio somalia broadcast_stations "AM NA, FM NA, shortwave NA" );; line 102705 (wfb::source-text radio somalia radios "NA" );; line 102707 (wfb::source-text television somalia broadcast_stations "NA" );; line 102712 (wfb::source-text television somalia televisions "NA" );; line 102714 (wfb::source-text defense_branch somalia "no functioning central government military forces; clan militias continue to battle for control of key economic or political prizes" );; line 102720 (wfb::source-text manpower_availability somalia "males age 15-49 1,736,673; males fit for military service 972,203 (1995 est." );; line 102725 (wfb::source-text defense_expenditures somalia "$NA, NA% of GDP" );; line 102730 (wfb::source-text location south_africa "Southern Africa, at the southern tip of the continent of Africa" );; line 102740 (wfb::source-text map_references south_africa "Africa" );; line 102744 (wfb::source-text area south_africa total_area "1,219,912 sq km" );; line 102749 (wfb::source-text area south_africa land_area "1,219,912 sq km" );; line 102751 (wfb::source-text area south_africa comparative_area "slightly less than twice the size of Texas" );; line 102753 (wfb::source-text borders south_africa "total 4,750 km, Botswana 1,840 km, Lesotho 909 km, Mozambique 491 km, Namibia 855 km, Swaziland 430 km, Zimbabwe 225 km" );; line 102760 (wfb::source-text coastline south_africa "2,798 km" );; line 102765 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims south_africa continental_shelf "200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation" );; line 102770 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims south_africa exclusive_fishing_zone "200 nm" );; line 102772 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims south_africa territorial_sea "12 nm" );; line 102774 (wfb::source-text international_disputes south_africa "Swaziland has asked South Africa to open negotiations on reincorporating some nearby South African territories that are populated by ethnic Swazis or that were long ago part of the Swazi Kingdom;" );; line 102778 (wfb::source-text climate south_africa "mostly semiarid; subtropical along east coast; sunny days, cool nights" );; line 102784 (wfb::source-text terrain south_africa "vast interior plateau rimmed by rugged hills and narrow coastal plain" );; line 102789 (wfb::source-text natural-resource south_africa "gold, chromium, antimony, coal, iron ore, manganese, nickel, phosphates, tin, uranium, gem diamonds, platinum, copper, vanadium, salt, natural gas" );; line 102794 (wfb::source-text land_use south_africa arable_land "10%" );; line 102801 (wfb::source-text land_use south_africa permanent_crops "1%" );; line 102803 (wfb::source-text land_use south_africa meadows_and_pastures "65%" );; line 102805 (wfb::source-text land_use south_africa forest_and_woodland "3%" );; line 102807 (wfb::source-text land_use south_africa other "21%" );; line 102809 (wfb::source-text irrigated_land south_africa "11,280 sq km (1989 est.)" );; line 102813 (wfb::source-text environment south_africa current_issues "lack of important arterial rivers or lakes requires extensive water conservation and control measures; growth in water usage threatens to outpace supply; pollution of rivers from agricultural runoff and urban discharge; air pollution resulting in acid rain; soil erosion; desertification" );; line 102818 (wfb::source-text environment south_africa natural_hazards "prolonged droughts" );; line 102823 (wfb::source-text environment south_africa international_agreements "party to - Antarctic Treaty, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands, Whaling; signed, but not ratified - Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Law of the Sea" );; line 102825 (wfb::source-text note south_africa "South Africa completely surrounds Lesotho and almost completely surrounds Swaziland" );; line 102832 (wfb::source-text population south_africa total "45,095,459 (July 1995 est.)" );; line 102840 (wfb::source-text age_structure south_africa 0-14_years "40% (female 8,842,764; male 9,091,722)" );; line 102845 (wfb::source-text age_structure south_africa 15-64_years "56% (female 12,825,617; male 12,508,039)" );; line 102847 (wfb::source-text age_structure south_africa 65_years_and_over "4% (female 1,047,285; male 780,032) (July 1995 est.)" );; line 102849 (wfb::source-text population_growth_rate south_africa total "2.61% (1995 est.)" );; line 102854 (wfb::source-text birth_rate south_africa "33.39 births/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 102858 (wfb::source-text death_rate south_africa "7.42 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 102862 (wfb::source-text net_migration_rate south_africa "0.17 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 102866 (wfb::source-text infant_mortality_rate south_africa "45.8 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.)" );; line 102870 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth south_africa total_population "65.42 years" );; line 102875 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth south_africa male "62.68 years" );; line 102877 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth south_africa female "68.25 years (1995 est.)" );; line 102879 (wfb::source-text total_fertility_rate south_africa "4.35 children born/woman (1995 est.)" );; line 102883 (wfb::source-text nationality south_africa noun "South African(s)" );; line 102888 (wfb::source-text nationality south_africa adjective "South African" );; line 102890 (wfb::source-text ethnic-entity south_africa "black 75.2%, white 13.6%, Colored 8.6%, Indian 2.6%" );; line 102894 (wfb::source-text religion south_africa "Christian (most whites and Coloreds and about 60% of blacks), Hindu (60% of Indians), Muslim 2%" );; line 102898 (wfb::source-text language south_africa "eleven official languages, including Afrikaans, English, Ndebele, Pedi, Sotho, Swazi, Tsonga, Tswana, Venda, Xhosa, Zulu" );; line 102903 (wfb::source-text literacy south_africa "age 15 and over can read and write (1980)" );; line 102908 (wfb::source-text literacy south_africa total_population "76%" );; line 102910 (wfb::source-text literacy south_africa male "78%" );; line 102912 (wfb::source-text literacy south_africa female "75%" );; line 102914 (wfb::source-text total_labor_force south_africa "13.4 million economically active (1990)" );; line 102918 (wfb::source-text labor_force_by_occupation south_africa by_occupation "services 35%, agriculture 30%, industry 20%, mining 9%, other 6%" );; line 102920 (wfb::source-text names south_africa conventional_long_form "Republic of South Africa" );; line 102926 (wfb::source-text names south_africa conventional_short_form "South Africa" );; line 102928 (wfb::source-text abbreviation south_africa "RSA" );; line 102932 (wfb::source-text digraph south_africa "SF" );; line 102936 (wfb::source-text type south_africa "republic" );; line 102940 (wfb::source-text capital south_africa "Pretoria (administrative); Cape Town (legislative); Bloemfontein (judicial)" );; line 102944 (wfb::source-text administrative_divisions south_africa "9 provinces; Eastern Cape, Eastern Transvaal, KwaZulu/Natal, Northern Cape, Northern Transvaal, Northwest, Orange Free State, Gauteng, Western Cape" );; line 102949 (wfb::source-text independence south_africa "31 May 1910 (from UK)" );; line 102955 (wfb::source-text national_holiday south_africa "Freedom Day, 27 April (1994)" );; line 102959 (wfb::source-text constitution south_africa "27 April 1994 (interim constitution, replacing the constitution of 3 September 1984)" );; line 102963 (wfb::source-text legal_system south_africa "based on Roman-Dutch law and English common law; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations" );; line 102968 (wfb::source-text suffrage south_africa "18 years of age; universal" );; line 102973 (wfb::source-text executive_branch south_africa chief_of_state_and_head_of_government "Executive President Nelson MANDELA (since 10 May 1994); Deputy Executive President Thabo MBEKI (since 10 May 1994); Deputy Executive President Frederik W. DE KLERK (since 10 May 1994)" );; line 102978 (wfb::source-text executive_branch south_africa cabinet "Cabinet appointed by the Executive President" );; line 102985 (wfb::source-text legislative_structure south_africa "bicameral" );; line 102989 (wfb::source-text legislative_branch south_africa national_assembly "elections last held 26-29 April 1994 (next to be held NA); results - ANC 62.6%, NP 20.4%, IFP 10.5%, FF 2.2%, DP 1.7%, PAC 1.2%, ACDP 0.5%, other 0.9%; seats - (400 total) ANC 252, NP 82, IFP 43, FF 9, DP 7, PAC 5, ACDP 2" );; line 102991 (wfb::source-text legislative_branch south_africa senate "the Senate is composed of members who are nominated by the nine provincial parliaments (which are elected in parallel with the National Assembly) and has special powers to protect regional interests, including the right to limited self-determination for ethnic minorities; seats - (90 total) ANC 61, NP 17, FF 4, IFP 5, DP 3" );; line 102996 (wfb::source-text judicial_branch south_africa "Supreme Court" );; line 103008 (wfb::source-text political_parties_and_leaders south_africa "African National Congress (ANC), Nelson MANDELA, president; National Party (NP), Frederik W. DE KLERK, president; Inkatha Freedom Party (IFP), Mangosuthu BUTHELEZI, president; Freedom Front (FF), Constand VILJOEN, president; Democratic Party (DP); Pan Africanist Congress (PAC), Clarence MAKWETU, president; African Christian Democratic Party (ACDP), leader NA" );; line 103012 (wfb::source-text other_political_or_pressure_groups south_africa "NA;;" );; line 103024 (wfb::source-text member_of south_africa "BIS, C, CCC, ECA, FAO, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICRM, IDA, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, INMARSAT, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, ISO, ITU, NAM, OAU, SACU, SADC, UN, UNCTAD, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, ZC" );; line 103028 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us south_africa chief_of_mission "Ambassador Franklin SONN" );; line 103035 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us south_africa chancery "3051 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008" );; line 103037 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us south_africa telephone "[1] (202) 232-4400" );; line 103039 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us south_africa |consulate(s) general| "Beverly Hills (California), Chicago, and New York" );; line 103041 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation south_africa chief_of_mission "Ambassador Princeton N. LYMAN" );; line 103046 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation south_africa embassy "877 Pretorius St., Arcadia 0083" );; line 103048 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation south_africa mailing_address "P.O. Box 9536, Pretoria 0001" );; line 103050 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation south_africa telephone "[27] (12) 342-1048" );; line 103052 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation south_africa fax "[27] (12) 342-2244" );; line 103054 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation south_africa |consulate(s) general| "Cape Town, Durban, Johannesburg" );; line 103056 (wfb::source-text flag south_africa "two equal width horizontal bands of red (top) and blue separated by a central green band which splits into a horozontal Y, the arms of which end at the corners of the hoist side, embracing a black isoceles triangle from which the arms are separated by narrow yellow bands; the red and blue bands are separated from the green band and its arms by narrow white stripes" );; line 103060 (wfb::source-text overview south_africa "Many of the white one-seventh of the South African population enjoy incomes, material comforts, and health and educational standards equal to those of Western Europe. In contrast, most of the remaining population suffers from the poverty patterns of the Third World, including unemployment and lack of job skills. The main strength of the economy lies in its rich mineral resources, which provide two-thirds of exports. Economic developments for the remainder of the 1990s will be driven largely by the new government's attempts to improve black living conditions, to set the country on an aggressive export-led growth path, and to cut back the enormous numbers of unemployed. The economy in recent years has absorbed less than 5% of the more than 300,000 workers entering the labor force annually. Local economists estimate that the economy must grow between 5% and 6% in real terms annually to absorb all of the new entrants, much less reduce the accumulated total." );; line 103078 (wfb::source-text national_product south_africa "GDP - purchasing power parity - $194.3 billion (1994 est.)" );; line 103094 (wfb::source-text national_product_real_growth_rate south_africa "2% (1994 est.)" );; line 103098 (wfb::source-text national_product_per_capita south_africa "$4,420 (1994 est.)" );; line 103102 (wfb::source-text |Inflation rate (consumer prices)| south_africa "9% (1994 est.)" );; line 103106 (wfb::source-text unemployment_rate south_africa "32.6% (1994 est.); an additional 11% underemployment" );; line 103110 (wfb::source-text budget south_africa revenues "$26.3 billion" );; line 103115 (wfb::source-text budget south_africa expenditures "$34 billion, including capital expenditures of $2.5 billion (FY93/94 est.)" );; line 103117 (wfb::source-text exports south_africa "$25.3 billion (f.o.b., 1994)" );; line 103122 (wfb::source-text exports south_africa commodities "gold 27%, other minerals and metals 20%-25%, food 5%, chemicals 3%" );; line 103124 (wfb::source-text exports south_africa partners "Italy, Japan, US, Germany, UK, other EU countries, Hong Kong" );; line 103127 (wfb::source-text imports south_africa "$21.4 billion (f.o.b., 1994)" );; line 103131 (wfb::source-text imports south_africa commodities "machinery 32%, transport equipment 15%, chemicals 11%, oil, textiles, scientific instruments" );; line 103133 (wfb::source-text imports south_africa partners "Germany, US, Japan, UK, Italy" );; line 103136 (wfb::source-text external_debt south_africa "$18 billion (1994 est.)" );; line 103140 (wfb::source-text industrial_production south_africa "growth rate NA%; accounts for about 40% of GDP" );; line 103144 (wfb::source-text electricity south_africa capacity "39,750,000 kW" );; line 103149 (wfb::source-text electricity south_africa production "163 billion kWh" );; line 103151 (wfb::source-text electricity south_africa consumption_per_capita "3,482 kWh (1993)" );; line 103153 (wfb::source-text industry south_africa "mining (world's largest producer of platinum, gold, chromium), automobile assembly, metalworking, machinery, textile, iron and steel, chemical, fertilizer, foodstuffs" );; line 103157 (wfb::source-text agriculture south_africa "accounts for about 5% of GDP and 30% of labor force; diversified agriculture, with emphasis on livestock; products - cattle, poultry, sheep, wool, milk, beef, corn, wheat, sugarcane, fruits, vegetables; self-sufficient in food" );; line 103163 (wfb::source-text illicit_drugs south_africa "transshipment center for heroin and cocaine; cocaine consumption on the rise; world's largest market for illicit methaqualone, usually imported illegally from India through various east African countries" );; line 103170 (wfb::source-text economic_aid south_africa "many aid packages for the new government are still being prepared; current aid pledges include US $600 million over 3 years; UK $150 million over 3 years; Australia $21 million over 3 years; Japan $1.3 billion over 2 years" );; line 103176 (wfb::source-text currency south_africa "1 rand (R) = 100 cents" );; line 103183 (wfb::source-text exchange_rates south_africa "rand (R) per US$1 - 3.5389 (January 1995), 3.5490 (1994), 3.2636 (1993), 2.8497 (1992), 2.7563 (1991), 2.5863 (1990)" );; line 103187 (wfb::source-text fiscal_year south_africa "1 April - 31 March" );; line 103192 (wfb::source-text railroads south_africa total "20,638 km" );; line 103198 (wfb::source-text railroads south_africa narrow_gauge "20,324 km 1.067-m gauge (substantial electrification); 314 km 0.610-m gauge" );; line 103200 (wfb::source-text highways south_africa total "188,309 km" );; line 103206 (wfb::source-text highways south_africa paved "54,013 km" );; line 103208 (wfb::source-text highways south_africa unpaved "crushed stone, gravel, improved earth 134,296 km" );; line 103210 (wfb::source-text pipelines south_africa "crude oil 931 km; petroleum products 1,748 km; natural gas 322 km" );; line 103214 (wfb::source-text port south_africa "Cape Town, Durban, East London, Mosselbaai, Port Elizabeth, Richards Bay, Saldanha" );; line 103219 (wfb::source-text merchant_marine south_africa total "4 container ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 211,276 GRT/198,602 DWT" );; line 103225 (wfb::source-text airports south_africa total "853" );; line 103231 (wfb::source-text airports south_africa |with paved runways over 3,047 m| "9" );; line 103233 (wfb::source-text airports south_africa |with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m| "5" );; line 103235 (wfb::source-text airports south_africa |with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m| "47" );; line 103237 (wfb::source-text airports south_africa |with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m| "72" );; line 103239 (wfb::source-text airports south_africa with_paved_runways_under_914_m "327" );; line 103241 (wfb::source-text airports south_africa |with unpaved runways 1,524 to 2,438 m| "39" );; line 103243 (wfb::source-text airports south_africa |with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m| "354" );; line 103245 (wfb::source-text telephone_system south_africa "over 4,500,000 telephones; the system is the best developed, most modern, and has the highest capacity in Africa" );; line 103250 (wfb::source-text telephone_system south_africa local "NA" );; line 103253 (wfb::source-text telephone_system south_africa intercity "consists of carrier-equipped open-wire lines, coaxial cables, microwave radio relay links, fiber optic cable, and radiocommunication stations; key centers are Bloemfontein, Cape Town, Durban, Johannesburg, Port Elizabeth, and Pretoria" );; line 103255 (wfb::source-text telephone_system south_africa international "1 submarine cable; 3 INTELSAT (1 Indian Ocean and 2 Atlantic Ocean) earth stations" );; line 103260 (wfb::source-text radio south_africa broadcast_stations "AM 14, FM 286, shortwave 0" );; line 103266 (wfb::source-text radio south_africa radios "NA" );; line 103268 (wfb::source-text television south_africa broadcast_stations "67" );; line 103273 (wfb::source-text television south_africa televisions "NA" );; line 103275 (wfb::source-text defense_branch south_africa "South African National Defence Force (SANDF; includes Army, Navy, Air Force, and Medical Services), South African Police Service (SAPS)" );; line 103281 (wfb::source-text manpower_availability south_africa "males age 15-49 10,830,079; males fit for military service 6,601,323; males reach military age (18) annually 439,793 (1995 est.)" );; line 103286 (wfb::source-text defense_expenditures south_africa "exchange rate conversion - $3.2 billion, 2.8% of GDP (FY93/94)" );; line 103291 (wfb::source-text location south_georgia_and_the_south_sandwich_islands "Southern South America, islands in the South Atlantic Ocean, east of the tip of South America" );; line 103302 (wfb::source-text map_references south_georgia_and_the_south_sandwich_islands "Antarctic Region" );; line 103307 (wfb::source-text area south_georgia_and_the_south_sandwich_islands total_area "4,066 sq km" );; line 103312 (wfb::source-text area south_georgia_and_the_south_sandwich_islands land_area "4,066 sq km" );; line 103314 (wfb::source-text area south_georgia_and_the_south_sandwich_islands comparative_area "slightly larger than Rhode Island" );; line 103316 (wfb::source-text borders south_georgia_and_the_south_sandwich_islands "0 km" );; line 103322 (wfb::source-text coastline south_georgia_and_the_south_sandwich_islands "NA km" );; line 103326 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims south_georgia_and_the_south_sandwich_islands exclusive_fishing_zone "200 nm" );; line 103331 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims south_georgia_and_the_south_sandwich_islands territorial_sea "12 nm" );; line 103333 (wfb::source-text international_disputes south_georgia_and_the_south_sandwich_islands "administered by the UK, claimed by Argentina" );; line 103337 (wfb::source-text climate south_georgia_and_the_south_sandwich_islands "variable, with mostly westerly winds throughout the year, interspersed with periods of calm; nearly all precipitation falls as snow" );; line 103341 (wfb::source-text terrain south_georgia_and_the_south_sandwich_islands "most of the islands, rising steeply from the sea, are rugged and mountainous; South Georgia is largely barren and has steep, glacier-covered mountains; the South Sandwich Islands are of volcanic origin with some active volcanoes" );; line 103346 (wfb::source-text natural-resource south_georgia_and_the_south_sandwich_islands "fish" );; line 103353 (wfb::source-text land_use south_georgia_and_the_south_sandwich_islands arable_land "0%" );; line 103358 (wfb::source-text land_use south_georgia_and_the_south_sandwich_islands permanent_crops "0%" );; line 103360 (wfb::source-text land_use south_georgia_and_the_south_sandwich_islands meadows_and_pastures "0%" );; line 103362 (wfb::source-text land_use south_georgia_and_the_south_sandwich_islands forest_and_woodland "0%" );; line 103364 (wfb::source-text land_use south_georgia_and_the_south_sandwich_islands other "100% (largely covered by permanent ice and snow with some sparse vegetation consisting of grass, moss, and lichen)" );; line 103366 (wfb::source-text irrigated_land south_georgia_and_the_south_sandwich_islands "0 sq km" );; line 103371 (wfb::source-text environment south_georgia_and_the_south_sandwich_islands current_issues "NA" );; line 103376 (wfb::source-text environment south_georgia_and_the_south_sandwich_islands natural_hazards "the South Sandwich Islands have prevailing weather conditions that generally make them difficult to approach by ship; they are also subject to active volcanism" );; line 103378 (wfb::source-text environment south_georgia_and_the_south_sandwich_islands international_agreements "NA" );; line 103382 (wfb::source-text note south_georgia_and_the_south_sandwich_islands "the north coast of South Georgia has several large bays, which provide good anchorage; reindeer, introduced early in this century, live on South Georgia" );; line 103386 (wfb::source-text population south_georgia_and_the_south_sandwich_islands "no indigenous population; there is a small military garrison on South Georgia, and the British Antarctic Survey has a biological station on Bird Island; the South Sandwich Islands are uninhabited" );; line 103394 (wfb::source-text names south_georgia_and_the_south_sandwich_islands conventional_long_form "South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands" );; line 103402 (wfb::source-text names south_georgia_and_the_south_sandwich_islands conventional_short_form "none" );; line 103404 (wfb::source-text digraph south_georgia_and_the_south_sandwich_islands "SX" );; line 103408 (wfb::source-text type south_georgia_and_the_south_sandwich_islands "dependent territory of the UK" );; line 103412 (wfb::source-text capital south_georgia_and_the_south_sandwich_islands "none; Grytviken on South Georgia is the garrison town" );; line 103416 (wfb::source-text administrative_divisions south_georgia_and_the_south_sandwich_islands "none (dependent territory of the UK)" );; line 103420 (wfb::source-text independence south_georgia_and_the_south_sandwich_islands "none (dependent territory of the UK)" );; line 103424 (wfb::source-text national_holiday south_georgia_and_the_south_sandwich_islands "Liberation Day, 14 June (1982)" );; line 103428 (wfb::source-text constitution south_georgia_and_the_south_sandwich_islands "3 October 1985" );; line 103432 (wfb::source-text legal_system south_georgia_and_the_south_sandwich_islands "English common law" );; line 103436 (wfb::source-text executive_branch south_georgia_and_the_south_sandwich_islands chief_of_state "Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952), represented by Commissioner David Everard TATHAM (since August 1992; resident at Stanley, Falkland Islands)" );; line 103441 (wfb::source-text legislative_structure south_georgia_and_the_south_sandwich_islands "no elections" );; line 103447 (wfb::source-text judicial_branch south_georgia_and_the_south_sandwich_islands "none" );; line 103451 (wfb::source-text overview south_georgia_and_the_south_sandwich_islands "Some fishing takes place in adjacent waters. There is a potential source of income from harvesting fin fish and krill. The islands receive income from postage stamps produced in the UK." );; line 103456 (wfb::source-text budget south_georgia_and_the_south_sandwich_islands revenues "$291,777" );; line 103463 (wfb::source-text budget south_georgia_and_the_south_sandwich_islands expenditures "$451,000, including capital expenditures of $NA (1988 est.)" );; line 103465 (wfb::source-text electricity south_georgia_and_the_south_sandwich_islands capacity "900 kW" );; line 103470 (wfb::source-text electricity south_georgia_and_the_south_sandwich_islands production "2 million kWh" );; line 103472 (wfb::source-text electricity south_georgia_and_the_south_sandwich_islands consumption_per_capita "NA kWh (1992)" );; line 103474 (wfb::source-text highways south_georgia_and_the_south_sandwich_islands total "NA" );; line 103480 (wfb::source-text highways south_georgia_and_the_south_sandwich_islands paved "NA" );; line 103482 (wfb::source-text highways south_georgia_and_the_south_sandwich_islands unpaved "NA" );; line 103484 (wfb::source-text port south_georgia_and_the_south_sandwich_islands "Grytviken" );; line 103488 (wfb::source-text airports south_georgia_and_the_south_sandwich_islands "none" );; line 103492 (wfb::source-text telephone_system south_georgia_and_the_south_sandwich_islands "NA telephones; coastal radio station at Grytviken" );; line 103497 (wfb::source-text telephone_system south_georgia_and_the_south_sandwich_islands local "NA" );; line 103499 (wfb::source-text telephone_system south_georgia_and_the_south_sandwich_islands intercity "NA" );; line 103501 (wfb::source-text telephone_system south_georgia_and_the_south_sandwich_islands international "NA" );; line 103503 (wfb::source-text radio south_georgia_and_the_south_sandwich_islands broadcast_stations "AM 0, FM 0, shortwave 0" );; line 103508 (wfb::source-text radio south_georgia_and_the_south_sandwich_islands radios "NA" );; line 103510 (wfb::source-text television south_georgia_and_the_south_sandwich_islands broadcast_stations "0" );; line 103515 (wfb::source-text television south_georgia_and_the_south_sandwich_islands televisions "NA" );; line 103517 (wfb::source-text note south_georgia_and_the_south_sandwich_islands "defense is the responsibility of the UK" );; line 103523 (wfb::source-text location spain "Southwestern Europe, bordering the Bay of Biscay, Mediterranean Sea, and North Atlantic Ocean, southwest of France" );; line 103533 (wfb::source-text map_references spain "Europe" );; line 103538 (wfb::source-text area spain total_area "504,750 sq km" );; line 103543 (wfb::source-text area spain land_area "499,400 sq km" );; line 103545 (wfb::source-text area spain comparative_area "slightly more than twice the size of Oregon" );; line 103547 (wfb::source-text borders spain "total 1,903.2 km, Andorra 65 km, France 623 km, Gibraltar 1.2 km, Portugal 1,214 km" );; line 103555 (wfb::source-text coastline spain "4,964 km" );; line 103560 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims spain exclusive_economic_zone "200 nm" );; line 103565 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims spain territorial_sea "12 nm" );; line 103567 (wfb::source-text international_disputes spain "Gibraltar question with UK; Spain controls five places of sovereignty (plazas de soberania) on and off the coast of Morocco - the coastal enclaves of Ceuta and Melilla, which Morocco contests, as well as the islands of Penon de Alhucemas, Penon de Velez de la Gomera, and Islas Chafarinas" );; line 103571 (wfb::source-text climate spain "temperate; clear, hot summers in interior, more moderate and cloudy along coast; cloudy, cold winters in interior, partly cloudy and cool along coast" );; line 103578 (wfb::source-text terrain spain "large, flat to dissected plateau surrounded by rugged hills; Pyrenees in north" );; line 103584 (wfb::source-text natural-resource spain "coal, lignite, iron ore, uranium, mercury, pyrites, fluorspar, gypsum, zinc, lead, tungsten, copper, kaolin, potash, hydropower" );; line 103589 (wfb::source-text land_use spain arable_land "31%" );; line 103595 (wfb::source-text land_use spain permanent_crops "10%" );; line 103597 (wfb::source-text land_use spain meadows_and_pastures "21%" );; line 103599 (wfb::source-text land_use spain forest_and_woodland "31%" );; line 103601 (wfb::source-text land_use spain other "7%" );; line 103603 (wfb::source-text irrigated_land spain "33,600 sq km (1989 est.)" );; line 103607 (wfb::source-text environment spain current_issues "pollution of the Mediterranean Sea from raw sewage and effluents from the offshore production of oil and gas; air pollution; deforestation; desertification" );; line 103612 (wfb::source-text environment spain natural_hazards "periodic droughts" );; line 103616 (wfb::source-text environment spain international_agreements "party to - Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Wetlands, Whaling; signed, but not ratified - Air Pollution-Sulphur 94, Desertification, Law of the Sea" );; line 103618 (wfb::source-text note spain "strategic location along approaches to Strait of Gibraltar" );; line 103628 (wfb::source-text population spain "39,404,348 (July 1995 est.)" );; line 103634 (wfb::source-text age_structure spain 0-14_years "17% (female 3,214,606; male 3,446,643)" );; line 103639 (wfb::source-text age_structure spain 15-64_years "68% (female 13,377,839; male 13,457,683)" );; line 103641 (wfb::source-text age_structure spain 65_years_and_over "15% (female 3,461,367; male 2,446,210) (July 1995 est.)" );; line 103643 (wfb::source-text population_growth_rate spain "0.27% (1995 est.)" );; line 103647 (wfb::source-text birth_rate spain "11.21 births/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 103651 (wfb::source-text death_rate spain "8.86 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 103655 (wfb::source-text net_migration_rate spain "0.31 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 103659 (wfb::source-text infant_mortality_rate spain "6.7 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.)" );; line 103663 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth spain total_population "77.91 years" );; line 103668 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth spain male "74.67 years" );; line 103670 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth spain female "81.39 years (1995 est.)" );; line 103672 (wfb::source-text total_fertility_rate spain "1.41 children born/woman (1995 est.)" );; line 103676 (wfb::source-text nationality spain noun "Spaniard(s)" );; line 103681 (wfb::source-text nationality spain adjective "Spanish" );; line 103683 (wfb::source-text ethnic-entity spain "composite of Mediterranean and Nordic types" );; line 103687 (wfb::source-text religion spain "Roman Catholic 99%, other sects 1%" );; line 103691 (wfb::source-text language spain "Castilian Spanish, Catalan 17%, Galician 7%, Basque 2%" );; line 103695 (wfb::source-text literacy spain "age 15 and over can read and write (1986)" );; line 103699 (wfb::source-text literacy spain total_population "96%" );; line 103701 (wfb::source-text literacy spain male "98%" );; line 103703 (wfb::source-text literacy spain female "94%" );; line 103705 (wfb::source-text total_labor_force spain "14.621 million" );; line 103709 (wfb::source-text labor_force_by_occupation spain by_occupation "services 53%, industry 24%, agriculture 14%, construction 9% (1988)" );; line 103711 (wfb::source-text names spain conventional_long_form "Kingdom of Spain" );; line 103718 (wfb::source-text names spain conventional_short_form "Spain" );; line 103720 (wfb::source-text names spain local_short_form "Espana" );; line 103722 (wfb::source-text digraph spain "SP" );; line 103726 (wfb::source-text type spain "parliamentary monarchy" );; line 103730 (wfb::source-text capital spain "Madrid" );; line 103734 (wfb::source-text administrative_divisions spain "17 autonomous communities (comunidades autonomas, singular - comunidad autonoma); Andalucia, Aragon, Asturias, Canarias, Cantabria, Castilla-La Mancha, Castilla y Leon, Cataluna, Communidad Valencia, Extremadura, Galicia, Islas Baleares, La Rioja, Madrid, Murcia, Navarra, Pais Vasco" );; line 103738 (wfb::source-text independence spain "1492 (expulsion of the Moors and unification)" );; line 103749 (wfb::source-text national_holiday spain "National Day, 12 October" );; line 103753 (wfb::source-text constitution spain "6 December 1978, effective 29 December 1978" );; line 103757 (wfb::source-text legal_system spain "civil law system, with regional applications; does not accept compulsory ICJ jurisdiction" );; line 103761 (wfb::source-text suffrage spain "18 years of age; universal" );; line 103766 (wfb::source-text executive_branch spain chief_of_state "King JUAN CARLOS I (since 22 November 1975)" );; line 103771 (wfb::source-text executive_branch spain head_of_government "Prime Minister Felipe GONZALEZ Marquez (since 2 December 1982); Deputy Prime Minister Narcis SERRA y Serra (since 13 March 1991)" );; line 103773 (wfb::source-text executive_branch spain cabinet "Council of Ministers; designated by the prime minister" );; line 103776 (wfb::source-text executive_branch spain council_of_state "is the supreme consultative organ of the government" );; line 103778 (wfb::source-text legislative_structure spain "bicameral The General Courts or National Assembly (Las Cortes Generales)" );; line 103782 (wfb::source-text legislative_branch spain |Senate (Senado)| "elections last held 6 June 1993 (next to be held by June 1997); results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (255 total) PSOE 117, PP 107, CiU 15, PNV 5, IU 2, other 9" );; line 103785 (wfb::source-text legislative_branch spain |Congress of Deputies (Congreso de los Diputados)| "elections last held 6 June 1993 (next to be held by June 1997); results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (350 total) PSOE 159, PP 141, IU 18, CiU 17, PNV 5, CC 4, HB 2, other 4" );; line 103789 (wfb::source-text judicial_branch spain "Supreme Court (Tribunal Supremo)" );; line 103795 (wfb::source-text political_parties_and_leaders spain |principal national parties, from right to left| "Popular Party (PP), Jose Maria AZNAR Lopez; Democratic Social Center (CDS), Rafael CALVO Ortega; Spanish Socialist Workers Party (PSOE), Felipe GONZALEZ Marquez, secretary general; Socialist Democracy Party (DS), Ricardo GARCIA Damborenea; Spanish Communist Party (PCE), Julio ANGUITA Gonzalez; United Left (IU - a coalition of parties including the PCE, a branch of the PSOE, and other small parties), Julio ANGUITA Gonzalez" );; line 103800 (wfb::source-text political_parties_and_leaders spain chief_regional_parties "Convergence and Union (CiU), Miquel ROCA i Junyent, secretary general; Basque Nationalist Party (PNV), Xabier ARZALLUS Antia and Jose Antonio ARDANZA; Basque United People (HB), Jon IDIGORAS Guerricabeitia and Inaki ESNAOLA; Canarian Coalition (CC), a coalition of five parties" );; line 103807 (wfb::source-text other_political_or_pressure_groups spain "on the extreme left, the Basque Fatherland and Liberty (ETA) and the First of October Antifascist Resistance Group (GRAPO) use terrorism to oppose the government; free labor unions (authorized in April 1977) include the Communist-dominated Workers Commissions (CCOO); the Socialist General Union of Workers (UGT), and the smaller independent Workers Syndical Union (USO); business and landowning interests; the Catholic Church; Opus Dei; university students" );; line 103814 (wfb::source-text member_of spain "AfDB, AG (observer), AsDB, Australia Group, BIS, CCC, CE, CERN, EBRD, EC, ECE, ECLAC, EIB, ESA, FAO, G- 8, GATT, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, INMARSAT, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, IOM (observer), ISO, ITU, LAIA (observer), MTCR, NACC, NAM (guest), NATO, NEA, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, ONUSAL, OSCE, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNMIH, UNOMOZ, UNPROFOR, UNU, UPU, WCL, WEU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC" );; line 103824 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us spain chief_of_mission "Ambassador Jaime De OJEDA Eiseley" );; line 103835 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us spain chancery "2375 Pennsylvania Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20037" );; line 103837 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us spain telephone "[1] (202) 452-0100, 728-2340" );; line 103839 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us spain fax "[1] (202) 833-5670" );; line 103841 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us spain |consulate(s) general| "Boston, Chicago, Houston, Los Angeles, Miami, New Orleans, New York, San Francisco, and San Juan (Puerto Rico)" );; line 103843 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation spain chief_of_mission "Ambassador Richard N. GARDNER" );; line 103849 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation spain embassy "Serrano 75, 28006 Madrid" );; line 103851 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation spain mailing_address "APO AE 09642" );; line 103853 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation spain telephone "[34] (1) 577-4000" );; line 103855 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation spain fax "[34] (1) 577-5735" );; line 103857 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation spain |consulate(s) general| "Barcelona" );; line 103859 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation spain |consulate(s)| "Bilbao" );; line 103861 (wfb::source-text flag spain "three horizontal bands of red (top), yellow (double width), and red with the national coat of arms on the hoist side of the yellow band; the coat of arms includes the royal seal framed by the Pillars of Hercules, which are the two promontories (Gibraltar and Ceuta) on either side of the eastern end of the Strait of Gibraltar" );; line 103865 (wfb::source-text overview spain "Spain, with a per capita output approximately two-thirds that of the four leading economies of Western Europe, has shared with these countries the recession of the early 1990s and the upturn of their economic fortunes in 1994. But whereas unemployment in these countries has hovered just above 10%, Spain has been forced to cope with a 25% unemployment rate. Continued political turmoil has complicated the establishment of stable government policies toward budgetary restraint, interest rates, labor law reform, and Spain's role in the evolving economic integration of Western Europe. Because the recession has been so deep, the growth in industrial output, tourism, and other sectors in 1994, while welcome, falls far short of the growth required to bring unemployment down to, say, 10%. The recovery in the economies of major trade partners, the comparatively low inflation rate, lower interest rates, and prospects in the tourist sector suggest that Spain can make substantial progress in 1995." );; line 103874 (wfb::source-text national_product spain "GDP - purchasing power parity - $515.8 billion (1994 est.)" );; line 103891 (wfb::source-text national_product_real_growth_rate spain "1.8% (1994 est.)" );; line 103895 (wfb::source-text national_product_per_capita spain "$13,120 (1994 est.)" );; line 103899 (wfb::source-text |Inflation rate (consumer prices)| spain "4.9% (1994)" );; line 103903 (wfb::source-text unemployment_rate spain "24.5% (yearend 1994)" );; line 103907 (wfb::source-text budget spain revenues "$97.7 billion" );; line 103912 (wfb::source-text budget spain expenditures "$128 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA (1993 est.)" );; line 103914 (wfb::source-text exports spain "$72.8 billion (f.o.b., 1993)" );; line 103918 (wfb::source-text exports spain commodities "cars and trucks, semifinished manufactured goods, foodstuffs, machinery" );; line 103920 (wfb::source-text exports spain partners "EC 71.2%, US 4.8%, other developed countries 7.9% (1992)" );; line 103923 (wfb::source-text imports spain "$92.5 billion (c.i.f., 1993)" );; line 103927 (wfb::source-text imports spain commodities "machinery, transport equipment, fuels, semifinished goods, foodstuffs, consumer goods, chemicals" );; line 103929 (wfb::source-text imports spain partners "EC 60.7%, US 7.4%, other developed countries 11.5%, Middle East 5.9% (1992)" );; line 103932 (wfb::source-text external_debt spain "$90 billion (1993 est.)" );; line 103937 (wfb::source-text industrial_production spain "growth rate 4% (1994 est.)" );; line 103941 (wfb::source-text electricity spain capacity "43,800,000 kW" );; line 103946 (wfb::source-text electricity spain production "148 billion kWh" );; line 103948 (wfb::source-text electricity spain consumption_per_capita "3,545 kWh (1993)" );; line 103950 (wfb::source-text industry spain "textiles and apparel (including footwear), food and beverages, metals and metal manufactures, chemicals, shipbuilding, automobiles, machine tools, tourism" );; line 103954 (wfb::source-text agriculture spain "accounts for about 5% of GDP and 14% of labor force; major products - grain, vegetables, olives, wine grapes, sugar beets, citrus fruit, beef, pork, poultry, dairy; largely self-sufficient in food; fish catch of 1.4 million metric tons is among top 20 nations" );; line 103960 (wfb::source-text illicit_drugs spain "key European gateway country for Latin American cocaine and North African hashish entering the European market; transshipment point for Southwest Asian heroin" );; line 103967 (wfb::source-text economic_aid spain recipient "US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-87), $1.9 billion; Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-79), $545 million" );; line 103974 (wfb::source-text currency spain "1 peseta (Pta) = 100 centimos" );; line 103981 (wfb::source-text exchange_rates spain "pesetas (Ptas) per US$1 - 132.61 (January 1995), 133.96 (1994), 127.26 (1993), 102.38 (1992), 103.91 (1991), 101.93 (1990)" );; line 103985 (wfb::source-text fiscal_year spain "calendar year" );; line 103990 (wfb::source-text railroads spain total "14,400 km" );; line 103996 (wfb::source-text railroads spain broad_gauge "12,111 km 1.668-m gauge (6,404 km electrified; 2,295 km double track)" );; line 103998 (wfb::source-text railroads spain standard_gauge "515 km 1.435-m gauge (515 km electrified)" );; line 104001 (wfb::source-text railroads spain narrow_gauge "1,774 km (privately owned: 1,727 km 1.000-m gauge, 560 km electrified; 28 km 0.914-m gauge, 28 km electrified; government owned: 19 km 1.000-m gauge, all electrified)" );; line 104003 (wfb::source-text highways spain total "331,961 km" );; line 104010 (wfb::source-text highways spain paved "328,641 km (2,700 km of expressways)" );; line 104012 (wfb::source-text highways spain unpaved "3,320 km (1991)" );; line 104014 (wfb::source-text inland_waterways spain "1,045 km, but of minor economic importance" );; line 104018 (wfb::source-text pipelines spain "crude oil 265 km; petroleum products 1,794 km; natural gas 1,666 km" );; line 104022 (wfb::source-text port spain "Aviles, Barcelona, Bilbao, Cadiz, Cartagena, Castellon de la Plana, Ceuta, Huelva, La Coruna, Las Palmas (Canary Islands), Malaga, Melilla, Pasajes, Puerto de Gijon, Santa Cruz de Tenerife (Canary Islands), Santander, Tarragona, Valencia, Vigo" );; line 104027 (wfb::source-text merchant_marine spain total "157 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 868,326 GRT/1,382,335 DWT" );; line 104035 (wfb::source-text merchant_marine spain ships_by_type "bulk 12, cargo 41, chemical tanker 11, container 9, liquefied gas tanker 4, oil tanker 25, passenger 2, refrigerated cargo 12, roll-on/roll-off cargo 34, short-sea passenger 5, specialized tanker 2" );; line 104037 (wfb::source-text airports spain total "106" );; line 104044 (wfb::source-text airports spain |with paved runways over 3,047 m| "15" );; line 104046 (wfb::source-text airports spain |with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m| "11" );; line 104048 (wfb::source-text airports spain |with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m| "16" );; line 104050 (wfb::source-text airports spain |with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m| "12" );; line 104052 (wfb::source-text airports spain with_paved_runways_under_914_m "34" );; line 104054 (wfb::source-text airports spain |with unpaved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m| "1" );; line 104056 (wfb::source-text airports spain |with unpaved runways 1,524 to 2,438 m| "1" );; line 104058 (wfb::source-text airports spain |with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m| "16" );; line 104060 (wfb::source-text telephone_system spain "15,350,464 telephones; generally adequate, modern facilities" );; line 104065 (wfb::source-text telephone_system spain local "NA" );; line 104067 (wfb::source-text telephone_system spain intercity "NA" );; line 104069 (wfb::source-text telephone_system spain international "22 coaxial submarine cables; 2 earth stations for INTELSAT (1 Atlantic Ocean and 1 Indian Ocean); earth stations for working the EUTELSAT, INMARSAT, and MARECS satellite communications systems; microwave tropospheric scatter links to adjacent countries" );; line 104071 (wfb::source-text radio spain broadcast_stations "AM 190, FM 406 (repeaters 134), shortwave 0" );; line 104079 (wfb::source-text radio spain radios "NA" );; line 104081 (wfb::source-text television spain broadcast_stations "100 (repeaters 1,297)" );; line 104086 (wfb::source-text television spain televisions "NA" );; line 104088 (wfb::source-text defense_branch spain "Army, Navy, Air Force, Marines, Civil Guard, National Police, Coastal Civil Guard" );; line 104094 (wfb::source-text manpower_availability spain "males age 15-49 10,435,970; males fit for military service 8,434,460; males reach military age (20) annually 335,967 (1995 est.)" );; line 104099 (wfb::source-text defense_expenditures spain "exchange rate conversion - $8 billion, 1.6% of GDP (1994)" );; line 104104 (wfb::source-text location spratly_islands "Southeastern Asia, group of reefs in the South China Sea, about two-thirds of the way from southern Vietnam to the southern Philippines" );; line 104114 (wfb::source-text map_references spratly_islands "Southeast Asia" );; line 104119 (wfb::source-text area spratly_islands total_area "NA sq km but less than 5 km2" );; line 104124 (wfb::source-text area spratly_islands land_area "less than 5 sq km" );; line 104126 (wfb::source-text area spratly_islands comparative_area "NA" );; line 104128 (wfb::source-text borders spratly_islands "0 km" );; line 104135 (wfb::source-text coastline spratly_islands "926 km" );; line 104139 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims spratly_islands "NA" );; line 104143 (wfb::source-text international_disputes spratly_islands "all of the Spratly Islands are claimed by China, Taiwan, and Vietnam; parts of them are claimed by Malaysia and the Philippines; in 1984, Brunei established an exclusive economic zone, which encompasses Louisa Reef, but has not publicly claimed the island" );; line 104147 (wfb::source-text climate spratly_islands "tropical" );; line 104154 (wfb::source-text terrain spratly_islands "flat" );; line 104158 (wfb::source-text natural-resource spratly_islands "fish, guano, undetermined oil and natural gas potential" );; line 104162 (wfb::source-text land_use spratly_islands arable_land "0%" );; line 104167 (wfb::source-text land_use spratly_islands permanent_crops "0%" );; line 104169 (wfb::source-text land_use spratly_islands meadows_and_pastures "0%" );; line 104171 (wfb::source-text land_use spratly_islands forest_and_woodland "0%" );; line 104173 (wfb::source-text land_use spratly_islands other "100%" );; line 104175 (wfb::source-text irrigated_land spratly_islands "0 sq km" );; line 104179 (wfb::source-text environment spratly_islands current_issues "NA" );; line 104184 (wfb::source-text environment spratly_islands natural_hazards "typhoons; serious maritime hazard because of numerous reefs and shoals" );; line 104186 (wfb::source-text environment spratly_islands international_agreements "NA" );; line 104189 (wfb::source-text note spratly_islands "strategically located near several primary shipping lanes in the central South China Sea; includes numerous small islands, atolls, shoals, and coral reefs" );; line 104193 (wfb::source-text population spratly_islands "no indigenous inhabitants; note - there are scattered garrisons" );; line 104201 (wfb::source-text names spratly_islands conventional_long_form "none" );; line 104207 (wfb::source-text names spratly_islands conventional_short_form "Spratly Islands" );; line 104209 (wfb::source-text digraph spratly_islands "PG" );; line 104213 (wfb::source-text overview spratly_islands "Economic activity is limited to commercial fishing. The proximity to nearby oil- and gas-producing sedimentary basins suggests the potential for oil and gas deposits, but the region is largely unexplored, and there are no reliable estimates of potential reserves; commercial exploitation has yet to be developed." );; line 104218 (wfb::source-text industry spratly_islands "none" );; line 104226 (wfb::source-text port spratly_islands "none" );; line 104231 (wfb::source-text airports spratly_islands total "4" );; line 104236 (wfb::source-text airports spratly_islands with_paved_runways_under_914_m "3" );; line 104238 (wfb::source-text airports spratly_islands |with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m| "1" );; line 104240 (wfb::source-text telephone_system spratly_islands local "NA" );; line 104246 (wfb::source-text telephone_system spratly_islands intercity "NA" );; line 104248 (wfb::source-text telephone_system spratly_islands international "NA" );; line 104250 (wfb::source-text radio spratly_islands broadcast_stations "AM NA, FM NA, shortwave NA" );; line 104255 (wfb::source-text radio spratly_islands radios "NA" );; line 104257 (wfb::source-text television spratly_islands broadcast_stations "NA" );; line 104262 (wfb::source-text television spratly_islands televisions "NA" );; line 104264 (wfb::source-text note spratly_islands "about 50 small islands or reefs are occupied by China, Malaysia, the Philippines, Taiwan, and Vietnam" );; line 104270 (wfb::source-text location sri_lanka "Southern Asia, island in the Indian Ocean, south of India" );; line 104281 (wfb::source-text map_references sri_lanka "Asia" );; line 104285 (wfb::source-text area sri_lanka total_area "65,610 sq km" );; line 104290 (wfb::source-text area sri_lanka land_area "64,740 sq km" );; line 104292 (wfb::source-text area sri_lanka comparative_area "slightly larger than West Virginia" );; line 104294 (wfb::source-text borders sri_lanka "0 km" );; line 104298 (wfb::source-text coastline sri_lanka "1,340 km" );; line 104302 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims sri_lanka contiguous_zone "24 nm" );; line 104307 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims sri_lanka continental_shelf "200 nm or to the edge of the continental margin" );; line 104309 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims sri_lanka exclusive_economic_zone "200 nm" );; line 104311 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims sri_lanka territorial_sea "12 nm" );; line 104313 (wfb::source-text international_disputes sri_lanka "none" );; line 104317 (wfb::source-text climate sri_lanka "tropical monsoon; northeast monsoon (December to March); southwest monsoon (June to October)" );; line 104321 (wfb::source-text terrain sri_lanka "mostly low, flat to rolling plain; mountains in south-central interior" );; line 104326 (wfb::source-text natural-resource sri_lanka "limestone, graphite, mineral sands, gems, phosphates, clay" );; line 104331 (wfb::source-text land_use sri_lanka arable_land "16%" );; line 104336 (wfb::source-text land_use sri_lanka permanent_crops "17%" );; line 104338 (wfb::source-text land_use sri_lanka meadows_and_pastures "7%" );; line 104340 (wfb::source-text land_use sri_lanka forest_and_woodland "37%" );; line 104342 (wfb::source-text land_use sri_lanka other "23%" );; line 104344 (wfb::source-text irrigated_land sri_lanka "5,600 sq km (1989 est.)" );; line 104348 (wfb::source-text environment sri_lanka current_issues "deforestation; soil erosion; wildlife populations threatened by poaching; coastal degradation from mining activities and increased pollution; freshwater resources being polluted by industrial wastes and sewage runoff" );; line 104353 (wfb::source-text environment sri_lanka natural_hazards "occasional cyclones and tornadoes" );; line 104357 (wfb::source-text environment sri_lanka international_agreements "party to - Biodiversity, Climate Change, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands; signed, but not ratified - Marine Life Conservation" );; line 104359 (wfb::source-text note sri_lanka "strategic location near major Indian Ocean sea lanes" );; line 104366 (wfb::source-text population sri_lanka "18,342,660 (July 1995 est.)" );; line 104372 (wfb::source-text age_structure sri_lanka 0-14_years "29% (female 2,597,969; male 2,713,696)" );; line 104383 (wfb::source-text age_structure sri_lanka 15-64_years "65% (female 6,042,228; male 5,902,343)" );; line 104385 (wfb::source-text age_structure sri_lanka 65_years_and_over "6% (female 547,715; male 538,709) (July 1995 est.)" );; line 104387 (wfb::source-text population_growth_rate sri_lanka "1.15% (1995 est.)" );; line 104391 (wfb::source-text birth_rate sri_lanka "18.13 births/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 104395 (wfb::source-text death_rate sri_lanka "5.78 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 104399 (wfb::source-text net_migration_rate sri_lanka "-0.84 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 104403 (wfb::source-text infant_mortality_rate sri_lanka "21.3 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.)" );; line 104407 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth sri_lanka total_population "72.14 years" );; line 104412 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth sri_lanka male "69.58 years" );; line 104414 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth sri_lanka female "74.82 years (1995 est.)" );; line 104416 (wfb::source-text total_fertility_rate sri_lanka "2.08 children born/woman (1995 est.)" );; line 104420 (wfb::source-text nationality sri_lanka noun "Sri Lankan(s)" );; line 104425 (wfb::source-text nationality sri_lanka adjective "Sri Lankan" );; line 104427 (wfb::source-text ethnic-entity sri_lanka "Sinhalese 74%, Tamil 18%, Moor 7%, Burgher, Malay, and Vedda 1%" );; line 104431 (wfb::source-text religion sri_lanka "Buddhist 69%, Hindu 15%, Christian 8%, Muslim 8%" );; line 104435 (wfb::source-text language sri_lanka "Sinhala (official and national language) 74%, Tamil (national language) 18%" );; line 104439 (wfb::source-text literacy sri_lanka "age 15 and over can read and write (1990 est.)" );; line 104447 (wfb::source-text literacy sri_lanka total_population "88%" );; line 104449 (wfb::source-text literacy sri_lanka male "93%" );; line 104451 (wfb::source-text literacy sri_lanka female "84%" );; line 104453 (wfb::source-text total_labor_force sri_lanka "6.6 million" );; line 104457 (wfb::source-text labor_force_by_occupation sri_lanka by_occupation "agriculture 45.9%, mining and manufacturing 13.3%, trade and transport 12.4%, services and other 28.4% (1985 est.)" );; line 104459 (wfb::source-text names sri_lanka conventional_long_form "Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka" );; line 104466 (wfb::source-text names sri_lanka conventional_short_form "Sri Lanka" );; line 104468 (wfb::source-text names sri_lanka former "Ceylon" );; line 104470 (wfb::source-text digraph sri_lanka "CE" );; line 104474 (wfb::source-text type sri_lanka "republic" );; line 104478 (wfb::source-text capital sri_lanka "Colombo" );; line 104482 (wfb::source-text administrative_divisions sri_lanka "8 provinces; Central, North Central, North Eastern, North Western, Sabaragamuwa, Southern, Uva, Western" );; line 104486 (wfb::source-text independence sri_lanka "4 February 1948 (from UK)" );; line 104491 (wfb::source-text national_holiday sri_lanka "Independence and National Day, 4 February (1948)" );; line 104495 (wfb::source-text constitution sri_lanka "adopted 16 August 1978" );; line 104499 (wfb::source-text legal_system sri_lanka "a highly complex mixture of English common law, Roman-Dutch, Muslim, Sinhalese, and customary law; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction" );; line 104503 (wfb::source-text suffrage sri_lanka "18 years of age; universal" );; line 104509 (wfb::source-text executive_branch sri_lanka chief_of_state_and_head_of_government "President Chandrika Bandaranaike KUMARATUNGA (since 12 November 1994); note - Sirimavo BANDARANAIKE is the Prime Minister; in Sri Lanka the president is considered to be both the chief of state and the head of the government, this is in contrast to the more common practice of dividing the roles between the president and the prime minister when both offices exist; election last held 9 November 1994 (next to be held NA November 2000); results - Chandrika Bandaranaike KUMARATUNGA (People's Alliance) 62%, Srima DISSANAYAKE (United National Party) 37%, other 1%" );; line 104514 (wfb::source-text executive_branch sri_lanka cabinet "Cabinet; appointed by the president in consultation with the prime minister" );; line 104523 (wfb::source-text legislative_structure sri_lanka "unicameral" );; line 104528 (wfb::source-text legislative_branch sri_lanka parliament "elections last held 16 August 1994 (next to be held by August 2000); results - PA 49.0%, UNP 44.0%, SLMC 1.8%, TULF 1.7%, SLPF 1.1%, EPDP 0.3%, UPF 0.3%, PLOTE 0.1%, other 1.7%; seats - (225 total) PA 105, UNP 94, EPDP 9, SLMC 7, TULF 5, PLOTE 3, SLPF 1, UPF 1" );; line 104530 (wfb::source-text judicial_branch sri_lanka "Supreme Court" );; line 104537 (wfb::source-text political_parties_and_leaders sri_lanka "All Ceylon Tamil Congress (ACTC), C. G. Kumar PONNAMBALAM; Ceylon Workers Congress (CLDC), S. THONDAMAN; Communist Party, K. P. SILVA; Communist Party/Beijing (CP/B), N. SHANMUGATHASAN; Democratic People's Liberation Front (DPLF), leader NA; Democratic United National Front (DUNF), G. M. PREMACHANDRA; Eelam People's Democratic Party (EPDP), Douglas DEVANANDA; Eelam People's Revolutionary Liberation Front (EPRL), Suresh PREMACHANDRAN; Eelam Revolutionary Organization of Students (EROS), Shankar RAJI; Lanka Socialist Party/Trotskyite (LSSP, or Lanka Sama Samaja Party), Colin R. DE SILVA; Liberal Party (LP), Chanaka AMARATUNGA; New Socialist Party (NSSP, or Nava Sama Samaja Party), Vasudeva NANAYAKKARA; People's Alliance (PA), Chandrika Bandaranaike KUMARATUNGA; People's Liberation Organization of Tamil Eelam (PLOTE), Dharmalingam SIDARTHAN; People's United Front (MEP, or Mahajana Eksath Peramuna), Dinesh GUNAWARDENE; Sri Lanka Freedom Party (SLFP), Sirimavo BANDARANAIKE; Sri Lanka Muslim Congress (SLMC), M. H. M. ASHRAFF; Sri Lanka People's Party (SLMP, or Sri Lanka Mahajana Party), Ossie ABEYGUNASEKERA; Sri Lanka Progressive Front (SLPF), leader NA; Tamil Eelam Liberation Organization (TELO), leader NA; Tamil United Liberation Front (TULF), M. SIVASITHAMBARAM; United National Party (UNP), Ranil WICKREMANSINGHE; Upcountry People's Front (UPF), leader NA; several ethnic Tamil and Muslim parties, represented in either parliament or provincial councils" );; line 104541 (wfb::source-text other_political_or_pressure_groups sri_lanka "Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE) and other smaller Tamil separatist groups; other radical chauvinist Sinhalese groups; Buddhist clergy; Sinhalese Buddhist lay groups; labor unions" );; line 104567 (wfb::source-text member_of sri_lanka "AsDB, C, CCC, CP, ESCAP, FAO, G-24, G-77, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, INMARSAT, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, NAM, PCA, SAARC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNU, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO" );; line 104573 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us sri_lanka chief_of_mission "Ambassador Jayantha DHANAPALA" );; line 104581 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us sri_lanka chancery "2148 Wyoming Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008" );; line 104583 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us sri_lanka telephone "[1] (202) 483-4025 through 4028" );; line 104585 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us sri_lanka fax "[1] (202) 232-7181" );; line 104587 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us sri_lanka |consulate(s)| "New York" );; line 104589 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation sri_lanka chief_of_mission "Ambassador Teresita C. SCHAFFER" );; line 104594 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation sri_lanka embassy "210 Galle Road, Colombo 3" );; line 104596 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation sri_lanka mailing_address "P. O. Box 106, Colombo" );; line 104598 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation sri_lanka telephone "[94] (1) 448007" );; line 104600 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation sri_lanka fax "[94] (1) 437345" );; line 104602 (wfb::source-text flag sri_lanka "yellow with two panels; the smaller hoist-side panel has two equal vertical bands of green (hoist side) and orange; the other panel is a large dark red rectangle with a yellow lion holding a sword, and there is a yellow bo leaf in each corner; the yellow field appears as a border that goes around the entire flag and extends between the two panels" );; line 104606 (wfb::source-text overview sri_lanka "Industry - dominated by the fast-growing apparel industry - has surpassed agriculture as the main source of export earnings and accounts for over 16% of GDP. The economy has been plagued by high rates of unemployment since the late 1970s. Economic growth, which has been depressed by ethnic unrest, accelerated in 1991-94 as domestic conditions began to improve and conditions for foreign investment brightened. Currently, however, the new government's emphasis on populist measures has clouded Sri Lanka's economic prospects." );; line 104615 (wfb::source-text national_product sri_lanka "GDP - purchasing power parity - $57.6 billion (1994 est.)" );; line 104626 (wfb::source-text national_product_real_growth_rate sri_lanka "5% (1994 est.)" );; line 104630 (wfb::source-text national_product_per_capita sri_lanka "$3,190 (1994 est.)" );; line 104634 (wfb::source-text |Inflation rate (consumer prices)| sri_lanka "12% (1994 est.)" );; line 104638 (wfb::source-text unemployment_rate sri_lanka "13.6% (1993 est.)" );; line 104642 (wfb::source-text budget sri_lanka revenues "$2.3 billion" );; line 104647 (wfb::source-text budget sri_lanka expenditures "$3.6 billion, including capital expenditures of $1.5 billion (1993)" );; line 104649 (wfb::source-text exports sri_lanka "$2.9 billion (f.o.b., 1993)" );; line 104654 (wfb::source-text exports sri_lanka commodities "garments and textiles, teas, diamonds, other gems, petroleum products, rubber products, other agricultural products, marine products, graphite" );; line 104656 (wfb::source-text exports sri_lanka partners "US 35.2%, Germany, UK, Belgium-Luxembourg, Japan, Netherlands, France (1993)" );; line 104660 (wfb::source-text imports sri_lanka "$4 billion (c.i.f., 1993)" );; line 104665 (wfb::source-text imports sri_lanka commodities "textiles and textile materials, machinery and equipment, transport equipment, petroleum, building materials" );; line 104667 (wfb::source-text imports sri_lanka partners "Japan, India, Hong Kong, South Korea, Taiwan, Singapore, China (1993)" );; line 104670 (wfb::source-text external_debt sri_lanka "$7.2 billion (1993 est.)" );; line 104675 (wfb::source-text industrial_production sri_lanka "growth rate 9% (1993 est.); accounts for 16% of GDP" );; line 104679 (wfb::source-text electricity sri_lanka capacity "1,410,000 kW" );; line 104684 (wfb::source-text electricity sri_lanka production "3.2 billion kWh" );; line 104686 (wfb::source-text electricity sri_lanka consumption_per_capita "168 kWh (1993)" );; line 104688 (wfb::source-text industry sri_lanka "processing of rubber, tea, coconuts, and other agricultural commodities; clothing, cement, petroleum refining, textiles, tobacco" );; line 104692 (wfb::source-text agriculture sri_lanka "accounts for one-fourth of GDP; field crops - rice, sugarcane, grains, pulses, oilseeds, roots, spices; cash crops - tea, rubber, coconuts; animal products - milk, eggs, hides, meat; not self-sufficient in rice production" );; line 104697 (wfb::source-text economic_aid sri_lanka recipient "US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-89), $1 billion; Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1980-89), $5.1 billion; OPEC bilateral aid (1979-89), $169 million; Communist countries (1970-89), $369 million" );; line 104705 (wfb::source-text currency sri_lanka "1 Sri Lankan rupee (SLRe) = 100 cents" );; line 104712 (wfb::source-text exchange_rates sri_lanka "Sri Lankan rupees (SLRes) per US$1 - 50.115 (January 1995), 49.415 (1994), 48.322 (1993), 43.830 (1992), 41.372 (1991), 40.063 (1990)" );; line 104716 (wfb::source-text fiscal_year sri_lanka "calendar year" );; line 104721 (wfb::source-text railroads sri_lanka total "1,948 km" );; line 104727 (wfb::source-text railroads sri_lanka broad_gauge "1,948 km 1.868-m gauge (102 km double track) (1990)" );; line 104729 (wfb::source-text highways sri_lanka total "75,263 km" );; line 104734 (wfb::source-text highways sri_lanka paved "mostly bituminous treated 27,637 km" );; line 104736 (wfb::source-text highways sri_lanka unpaved "crushed stone, gravel 32,887 km; improved, unimproved earth 14,739 km" );; line 104738 (wfb::source-text inland_waterways sri_lanka "430 km; navigable by shallow-draft craft" );; line 104743 (wfb::source-text pipelines sri_lanka "crude oil and petroleum products 62 km (1987)" );; line 104747 (wfb::source-text port sri_lanka "Colombo, Galle, Jaffna, Trincomalee" );; line 104751 (wfb::source-text merchant_marine sri_lanka total "26 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 289,115 GRT/453,609 DWT" );; line 104756 (wfb::source-text merchant_marine sri_lanka ships_by_type "bulk 2, cargo 12, container 1, oil tanker 3, refrigerated cargo 8" );; line 104758 (wfb::source-text airports sri_lanka total "14" );; line 104764 (wfb::source-text airports sri_lanka |with paved runways over 3,047 m| "1" );; line 104766 (wfb::source-text airports sri_lanka |with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m| "5" );; line 104768 (wfb::source-text airports sri_lanka |with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m| "7" );; line 104770 (wfb::source-text airports sri_lanka |with unpaved runways 1,524 to 2,438 m| "1" );; line 104772 (wfb::source-text telephone_system sri_lanka "114,000 telephones (1982); very inadequate domestic service, good international service" );; line 104777 (wfb::source-text telephone_system sri_lanka local "NA" );; line 104780 (wfb::source-text telephone_system sri_lanka intercity "NA" );; line 104782 (wfb::source-text telephone_system sri_lanka international "submarine cables extend to Indonesia and Djibouti; 2 INTELSAT (Indian Ocean) earth stations" );; line 104784 (wfb::source-text radio sri_lanka broadcast_stations "AM 12, FM 5, shortwave 0" );; line 104790 (wfb::source-text radio sri_lanka radios "NA" );; line 104792 (wfb::source-text television sri_lanka broadcast_stations "5" );; line 104797 (wfb::source-text television sri_lanka televisions "NA" );; line 104799 (wfb::source-text defense_branch sri_lanka "Army, Navy, Air Force, Police Force" );; line 104805 (wfb::source-text manpower_availability sri_lanka "males age 15-49 4,990,661; males fit for military service 3,888,372; males reach military age (18) annually 178,926 (1995 est.)" );; line 104809 (wfb::source-text defense_expenditures sri_lanka "exchange rate conversion - $412 million, 3.6% of GDP (1994)" );; line 104814 (wfb::source-text location sudan "Northern Africa, bordering the Red Sea, between Egypt and Eritrea" );; line 104824 (wfb::source-text map_references sudan "Africa" );; line 104828 (wfb::source-text area sudan total_area "2,505,810 sq km" );; line 104833 (wfb::source-text area sudan land_area "2.376 million sq km" );; line 104835 (wfb::source-text area sudan comparative_area "slightly more than one-quarter the size of the US" );; line 104837 (wfb::source-text borders sudan "total 7,687 km, Central African Republic 1,165 km, Chad 1,360 km, Egypt 1,273 km, Eritrea 605 km, Ethiopia 1,606 km, Kenya 232 km, Libya 383 km, Uganda 435 km, Zaire 628 km" );; line 104841 (wfb::source-text coastline sudan "853 km" );; line 104847 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims sudan contiguous_zone "18 nm" );; line 104852 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims sudan continental_shelf "200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation" );; line 104854 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims sudan territorial_sea "12 nm" );; line 104856 (wfb::source-text international_disputes sudan "administrative boundary with Kenya does not coincide with international boundary; administrative boundary with Egypt does not coincide with international boundary creating the \"Hala'ib Triangle,\" a barren area of 20,580 sq km, tensions over this disputed area began to escalate in 1992 and remain high" );; line 104860 (wfb::source-text climate sudan "tropical in south; arid desert in north; rainy season (April to October)" );; line 104868 (wfb::source-text terrain sudan "generally flat, featureless plain; mountains in east and west" );; line 104873 (wfb::source-text natural-resource sudan "small reserves of petroleum, iron ore, copper, chromium ore, zinc, tungsten, mica, silver, gold" );; line 104877 (wfb::source-text land_use sudan arable_land "5%" );; line 104883 (wfb::source-text land_use sudan permanent_crops "0%" );; line 104885 (wfb::source-text land_use sudan meadows_and_pastures "24%" );; line 104887 (wfb::source-text land_use sudan forest_and_woodland "20%" );; line 104889 (wfb::source-text land_use sudan other "51%" );; line 104891 (wfb::source-text irrigated_land sudan "18,900 sq km (1989 est.)" );; line 104895 (wfb::source-text environment sudan current_issues "inadequate supplies of potable water; wildlife populations threatened by excessive hunting; soil erosion; desertification" );; line 104900 (wfb::source-text environment sudan natural_hazards "dust storms" );; line 104903 (wfb::source-text environment sudan international_agreements "party to - Climate Change, Endangered Species, Law of the Sea, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection; signed, but not ratified - Biodiversity, Desertification" );; line 104905 (wfb::source-text note sudan "largest country in Africa; dominated by the Nile and its tributaries" );; line 104911 (wfb::source-text population sudan "30,120,420 (July 1995 est.)" );; line 104918 (wfb::source-text age_structure sudan 0-14_years "46% (female 6,801,001; male 7,124,892)" );; line 104923 (wfb::source-text age_structure sudan 15-64_years "52% (female 7,706,864; male 7,830,980)" );; line 104925 (wfb::source-text age_structure sudan 65_years_and_over "2% (female 280,297; male 376,386) (July 1995 est.)" );; line 104927 (wfb::source-text population_growth_rate sudan "2.35% (1995 est.)" );; line 104931 (wfb::source-text birth_rate sudan "41.29 births/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 104935 (wfb::source-text death_rate sudan "11.74 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 104939 (wfb::source-text net_migration_rate sudan "NA migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 104943 (wfb::source-text infant_mortality_rate sudan "77.7 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.)" );; line 104952 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth sudan total_population "54.71 years" );; line 104957 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth sudan male "53.81 years" );; line 104959 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth sudan female "55.65 years (1995 est.)" );; line 104961 (wfb::source-text total_fertility_rate sudan "6 children born/woman (1995 est.)" );; line 104965 (wfb::source-text nationality sudan noun "Sudanese (singular and plural)" );; line 104970 (wfb::source-text nationality sudan adjective "Sudanese" );; line 104972 (wfb::source-text ethnic-entity sudan "black 52%, Arab 39%, Beja 6%, foreigners 2%, other 1%" );; line 104976 (wfb::source-text religion sudan "Sunni Muslim 70% (in north), indigenous beliefs 25%, Christian 5% (mostly in south and Khartoum)" );; line 104980 (wfb::source-text language sudan "Arabic (official), Nubian, Ta Bedawie, diverse dialects of Nilotic, Nilo-Hamitic, Sudanic languages, English" );; line 104985 (wfb::source-text literacy sudan "age 15 and over can read and write (1983)" );; line 104992 (wfb::source-text literacy sudan total_population "32%" );; line 104994 (wfb::source-text literacy sudan male "44%" );; line 104996 (wfb::source-text literacy sudan female "21%" );; line 104998 (wfb::source-text total_labor_force sudan "6.5 million" );; line 105002 (wfb::source-text labor_force_by_occupation sudan by_occupation "agriculture 80%, industry and commerce 10%, government 6%" );; line 105004 (wfb::source-text names sudan conventional_long_form "Republic of the Sudan" );; line 105013 (wfb::source-text names sudan conventional_short_form "Sudan" );; line 105015 (wfb::source-text names sudan local_long_form "Jumhuriyat as-Sudan" );; line 105017 (wfb::source-text names sudan local_short_form "As-Sudan" );; line 105019 (wfb::source-text names sudan former "Anglo-Egyptian Sudan" );; line 105021 (wfb::source-text digraph sudan "SU" );; line 105025 (wfb::source-text type sudan "ruling military junta - Revolutionary Command Council (RCC) - dissolved on 16 October 1993 and government civilianized" );; line 105029 (wfb::source-text capital sudan "Khartoum" );; line 105034 (wfb::source-text administrative_divisions sudan "9 states (wilayat, singular - wilayat or wilayah*); A'ali an Nil, Al Wusta*, Al Istiwa'iyah*, Al Khartum, Ash Shamaliyah*, Ash Sharqiyah*, Bahr al Ghazal, Darfur, Kurdufan" );; line 105038 (wfb::source-text independence sudan "1 January 1956 (from Egypt and UK)" );; line 105047 (wfb::source-text national_holiday sudan "Independence Day, 1 January (1956)" );; line 105051 (wfb::source-text constitution sudan "12 April 1973, suspended following coup of 6 April 1985; interim constitution of 10 October 1985 suspended following coup of 30 June 1989" );; line 105055 (wfb::source-text legal_system sudan "based on English common law and Islamic law; as of 20 January 1991, the now defunct Revolutionary Command Council imposed Islamic law in the northern states; the council is still studying criminal provisions under Islamic law; Islamic law applies to all residents of the northern states regardless of their religion; some separate religious courts; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations" );; line 105060 (wfb::source-text suffrage sudan "none" );; line 105069 (wfb::source-text executive_branch sudan chief_of_state_and_head_of_government "President Lt. General Umar Hasan Ahmad al-BASHIR (since 16 October 1993); prior to 16 October 1993, BASHIR served concurrently as Chief of State, Chairman of the RCC, Prime Minister, and Minister of Defence (since 30 June 1989); First Vice President Major General al-Zubayr Muhammad SALIH (since 19 October 1993); Second Vice President (Police) Maj. General George KONGOR (since NA February 1994); note - upon its dissolution on 16 October 1993, the RCC's executive and legislative powers were devolved to the President and the Transitional National Assembly (TNA), Sudan's appointed legislative body" );; line 105074 (wfb::source-text executive_branch sudan cabinet "Cabinet; appointed by the president; note - on 30 October 1993, President BASHIR announced a new, predominantly civilian cabinet, consisting of 20 federal ministers, most of whom retained their previous cabinet positions; on 9 February 1995, he abolished three ministries and redivided their portfolios to create several new ministries; these changes increased National Islamic Front presence at the ministerial level and consolidated its control over the Ministry of Foreign Affairs; President BASHIR's government is dominated by members of Sudan's National Islamic Front, a fundamentalist political organization formed from the Muslim Brotherhood in 1986; front leader Hasan al-TURABI controls Khartoum's overall domestic and foreign policies" );; line 105084 (wfb::source-text legislative_structure sudan "appointed 300-member Transitional National Assembly; officially assumes all legislative authority for Sudan until the proposed 1995 resumption of national elections" );; line 105097 (wfb::source-text judicial_branch sudan "Supreme Court, Special Revolutionary Courts" );; line 105103 (wfb::source-text political_parties_and_leaders sudan "none; banned following 30 June 1989 coup" );; line 105107 (wfb::source-text other_political_or_pressure_groups sudan "National Islamic Front, Hasan al-TURABI" );; line 105111 (wfb::source-text member_of sudan "ABEDA, ACP, AfDB, AFESD, AL, AMF, CAEU, CCC, ECA, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IGADD, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, ITU, NAM, OAU, OIC, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNU, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO" );; line 105115 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us sudan chief_of_mission "Ambassador Ahmad SULAYMAN" );; line 105123 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us sudan chancery "2210 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008" );; line 105125 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us sudan telephone "[1] (202) 338-8565 through 8570" );; line 105127 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us sudan fax "[1] (202) 667-2406" );; line 105129 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation sudan chief_of_mission "Ambassador Donald K. PETTERSON" );; line 105134 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation sudan embassy "Shar'ia Ali Abdul Latif, Khartoum" );; line 105136 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation sudan mailing_address "P. O. Box 699, Khartoum; APO AE 09829" );; line 105138 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation sudan telephone "74700, 74611 (operator assistance required)" );; line 105140 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation sudan fax "Telex 22619 AMEMSD" );; line 105142 (wfb::source-text flag sudan "three equal horizontal bands of red (top), white, and black with a green isosceles triangle based on the hoist side" );; line 105146 (wfb::source-text overview sudan "Sudan is buffeted by civil war, chronic political instability, adverse weather, high inflation, a drop in remittances from abroad, and counterproductive economic policies. Governmental entities account for more than 70% of new investment. The private sector's main areas of activity are agriculture and trading, with most private industrial investment predating 1980. Agriculture employs 80% of the work force. Industry mainly processes agricultural items. Sluggish economic performance over the past decade, attributable largely to declining annual rainfall, has reduced levels of per capita income and consumption. A large foreign debt and huge arrearages continue to cause difficulties. In 1990 the International Monetary Fund took the unusual step of declaring Sudan noncooperative because of its nonpayment of arrearages to the Fund. After Sudan backtracked on promised reforms in 1992-93, the IMF threatened to expel Sudan from the Fund. To avoid expulsion, Khartoum agreed to make payments on its arrears to the Fund, liberalize exchange rates, and reduce subsidies. These measures have been partially implemented. The government's continued prosecution of the civil war and its growing international isolation led to a further deterioration of the nonagricultural sectors of the economy during 1994. Agriculture, on the other hand, after several disappointing years, enjoyed a bumper fall harvest in 1994; its strong performance produced an overall growth rate in GDP of perhaps 7%." );; line 105152 (wfb::source-text national_product sudan "GDP - purchasing power parity - $23.7 billion (1994 est.)" );; line 105175 (wfb::source-text national_product_real_growth_rate sudan "7% (1994 est.)" );; line 105179 (wfb::source-text national_product_per_capita sudan "$870 (1994 est.)" );; line 105183 (wfb::source-text |Inflation rate (consumer prices)| sudan "112% (FY93/94 est.)" );; line 105187 (wfb::source-text unemployment_rate sudan "30% (FY92/93 est.)" );; line 105191 (wfb::source-text budget sudan revenues "$493 million" );; line 105196 (wfb::source-text budget sudan expenditures "$1.1 billion, including capital expenditures of $225 million (1994 est.)" );; line 105198 (wfb::source-text exports sudan "$419 million (f.o.b., FY93/94)" );; line 105203 (wfb::source-text exports sudan commodities "gum arabic 29%, livestock/meat 24%, cotton 13%, sesame, peanuts" );; line 105205 (wfb::source-text exports sudan partners "Western Europe 46%, Saudi Arabia 14%, Eastern Europe 9%, Japan 9%, US 3% (FY87/88)" );; line 105207 (wfb::source-text imports sudan "$1.7 billion (c.i.f., FY93/94)" );; line 105212 (wfb::source-text imports sudan commodities "foodstuffs, petroleum products, manufactured goods, machinery and equipment, medicines and chemicals, textiles" );; line 105214 (wfb::source-text imports sudan partners "Western Europe 32%, Africa and Asia 15%, US 13%, Eastern Europe 3% (FY87/88)" );; line 105217 (wfb::source-text external_debt sudan "$17 billion (June 1993 est.)" );; line 105222 (wfb::source-text industrial_production sudan "growth rate 6.8% (FY92/93 est.); accounts for 11% of GDP" );; line 105226 (wfb::source-text electricity sudan capacity "500,000 kW" );; line 105231 (wfb::source-text electricity sudan production "1.3 billion kWh" );; line 105233 (wfb::source-text electricity sudan consumption_per_capita "42 kWh (1993)" );; line 105235 (wfb::source-text industry sudan "cotton ginning, textiles, cement, edible oils, sugar, soap distilling, shoes, petroleum refining" );; line 105239 (wfb::source-text agriculture sudan "accounts for 35% of GDP; major products - cotton, oilseeds, sorghum, millet, wheat, gum arabic, sheep; marginally self-sufficient in most foods" );; line 105244 (wfb::source-text economic_aid sudan recipient "US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-89), $1.5 billion; Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-89), $5.1 billion; OPEC bilateral aid (1979-89), $3.1 billion; Communist countries (1970-89), $588 million" );; line 105251 (wfb::source-text currency sudan "1 Sudanese pound (#Sd) = 100 piastres" );; line 105258 (wfb::source-text exchange_rates sudan "official rate - Sudanese pounds (#Sd) per US$1 - 434.8 (January 1995), 277.8 (1994), 153.8 (1993), 69.4 (1992), 5.4288 (1991), 4.5004 (1990); note - the commercial rate is 300 Sudanese pounds per US$1" );; line 105262 (wfb::source-text fiscal_year sudan "1 July - 30 June" );; line 105268 (wfb::source-text railroads sudan total "5,516 km" );; line 105274 (wfb::source-text railroads sudan narrow_gauge "4,800 km 1.067-m gauge; 716 km 1.6096-m gauge plantation line" );; line 105276 (wfb::source-text highways sudan total "20,703 km" );; line 105281 (wfb::source-text highways sudan paved "bituminous treated 2,000 km" );; line 105283 (wfb::source-text highways sudan unpaved "gravel 4,000 km; improved earth 2,304 km; unimproved earth 12,399 km" );; line 105285 (wfb::source-text inland_waterways sudan "5,310 km navigable" );; line 105290 (wfb::source-text pipelines sudan "refined products 815 km" );; line 105294 (wfb::source-text port sudan "Juba, Khartoum, Kusti, Malakal, Nimule, Port Sudan, Sawakin" );; line 105298 (wfb::source-text merchant_marine sudan total "5 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 43,024 GRT/122,379 DWT" );; line 105303 (wfb::source-text merchant_marine sudan ships_by_type "cargo 3, roll-on/roll-off cargo 2" );; line 105305 (wfb::source-text airports sudan total "70" );; line 105310 (wfb::source-text airports sudan |with paved runways over 3,047 m| "1" );; line 105312 (wfb::source-text airports sudan |with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m| "5" );; line 105314 (wfb::source-text airports sudan |with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m| "3" );; line 105316 (wfb::source-text airports sudan with_paved_runways_under_914_m "13" );; line 105318 (wfb::source-text airports sudan |with unpaved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m| "1" );; line 105320 (wfb::source-text airports sudan |with unpaved runways 1,524 to 2,438 m| "14" );; line 105322 (wfb::source-text airports sudan |with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m| "33" );; line 105324 (wfb::source-text telephone_system sudan "NA telephones; large, well-equipped system by African standards, but barely adequate and poorly maintained by modern standards" );; line 105329 (wfb::source-text telephone_system sudan local "NA" );; line 105332 (wfb::source-text telephone_system sudan intercity "consists of microwave radio relay, cable, radio communications, troposcatter, and a domestic satellite system with 14 stations" );; line 105334 (wfb::source-text telephone_system sudan international "1 INTELSAT (Atlantic Ocean) and 1 ARABSAT earth station" );; line 105337 (wfb::source-text radio sudan broadcast_stations "AM 11, FM 0, shortwave 0" );; line 105342 (wfb::source-text radio sudan radios "NA" );; line 105344 (wfb::source-text television sudan broadcast_stations "3" );; line 105349 (wfb::source-text television sudan televisions "NA" );; line 105351 (wfb::source-text defense_branch sudan "Army, Navy, Air Force, Popular Defense Force Militia" );; line 105357 (wfb::source-text manpower_availability sudan "males age 15-49 6,806,588; males fit for military service 4,185,206; males reach military age (18) annually 313,958 (1995 est.)" );; line 105361 (wfb::source-text defense_expenditures sudan "exchange rate conversion - $600 million, 7.3% of GDP (FY93/94 est.)" );; line 105366 (wfb::source-text location suriname "Northern South America, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean, between French Guiana and Guyana" );; line 105377 (wfb::source-text map_references suriname "South America" );; line 105382 (wfb::source-text area suriname total_area "163,270 sq km" );; line 105387 (wfb::source-text area suriname land_area "161,470 sq km" );; line 105389 (wfb::source-text area suriname comparative_area "slightly larger than Georgia" );; line 105391 (wfb::source-text borders suriname "total 1,707 km, Brazil 597 km, French Guiana 510 km, Guyana 600 km" );; line 105395 (wfb::source-text coastline suriname "386 km" );; line 105400 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims suriname exclusive_economic_zone "200 nm" );; line 105405 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims suriname territorial_sea "12 nm" );; line 105407 (wfb::source-text international_disputes suriname "claims area in French Guiana between Litani Rivier and Riviere Marouini (both headwaters of the Lawa Rivier); claims area in Guyana between New (Upper Courantyne) and Courantyne/Koetari Rivers (all headwaters of the Courantyne)" );; line 105411 (wfb::source-text climate suriname "tropical; moderated by trade winds" );; line 105418 (wfb::source-text terrain suriname "mostly rolling hills; narrow coastal plain with swamps" );; line 105422 (wfb::source-text natural-resource suriname "timber, hydropower potential, fish, shrimp, bauxite, iron ore, and small amounts of nickel, copper, platinum, gold" );; line 105426 (wfb::source-text land_use suriname arable_land "NEGL%" );; line 105432 (wfb::source-text land_use suriname permanent_crops "0%" );; line 105434 (wfb::source-text land_use suriname meadows_and_pastures "0%" );; line 105436 (wfb::source-text land_use suriname forest_and_woodland "97%" );; line 105438 (wfb::source-text land_use suriname other "3%" );; line 105440 (wfb::source-text irrigated_land suriname "590 sq km (1989 est.)" );; line 105444 (wfb::source-text environment suriname current_issues "deforestation as foreign producers obtain timber concessions" );; line 105449 (wfb::source-text environment suriname natural_hazards "NA" );; line 105451 (wfb::source-text environment suriname international_agreements "party to - Endangered Species, Marine Dumping, Nuclear Test Ban, Ship Pollution, Wetlands; signed, but not ratified - Biodiversity, Climate Change, Law of the Sea" );; line 105453 (wfb::source-text note suriname "mostly tropical rain forest; great diversity of flora and fauna which for the most part is not threatened because of the lack of development; relatively small population most of which lives along the coast" );; line 105459 (wfb::source-text population suriname "429,544 (July 1995 est.)" );; line 105467 (wfb::source-text age_structure suriname 0-14_years "34% (female 70,845; male 74,330)" );; line 105472 (wfb::source-text age_structure suriname 15-64_years "61% (female 130,153; male 133,693)" );; line 105474 (wfb::source-text age_structure suriname 65_years_and_over "5% (female 10,897; male 9,626) (July 1995 est.)" );; line 105476 (wfb::source-text population_growth_rate suriname "1.58% (1995 est.)" );; line 105480 (wfb::source-text birth_rate suriname "24.72 births/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 105484 (wfb::source-text death_rate suriname "5.91 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 105488 (wfb::source-text net_migration_rate suriname "-3 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 105492 (wfb::source-text infant_mortality_rate suriname "30.2 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.)" );; line 105496 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth suriname total_population "69.76 years" );; line 105501 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth suriname male "67.24 years" );; line 105503 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth suriname female "72.41 years (1995 est.)" );; line 105505 (wfb::source-text total_fertility_rate suriname "2.73 children born/woman (1995 est.)" );; line 105509 (wfb::source-text nationality suriname noun "Surinamer(s)" );; line 105514 (wfb::source-text nationality suriname adjective "Surinamese" );; line 105516 (wfb::source-text ethnic-entity suriname "Hindustani (also known locally as \"East\" Indians; their ancestors emigrated from northern India in the latter part of the 19th century) 37%, Creole (mixed European and African ancestry) 31%, Javanese 15.3%, \"Bush Black\" (also known as \"Bush Creole\" whose ancestors were brought to the country in the 17th and 18th centuries as slaves) 10.3%, Amerindian 2.6%, Chinese 1.7%, Europeans 1%, other 1.1%" );; line 105520 (wfb::source-text religion suriname "Hindu 27.4%, Muslim 19.6%, Roman Catholic 22.8%, Protestant 25.2% (predominantly Moravian), indigenous beliefs 5%" );; line 105529 (wfb::source-text language suriname "Dutch (official), English (widely spoken), Sranang Tongo (Surinamese, sometimes called Taki-Taki, is native language of Creoles and much of the younger population and is lingua franca among others), Hindustani (a dialect of Hindi), Javanese" );; line 105534 (wfb::source-text literacy suriname "age 15 and over can read and write (1990 est.)" );; line 105541 (wfb::source-text literacy suriname total_population "95%" );; line 105543 (wfb::source-text literacy suriname male "95%" );; line 105545 (wfb::source-text literacy suriname female "95%" );; line 105547 (wfb::source-text total_labor_force suriname "NA" );; line 105551 (wfb::source-text names suriname conventional_long_form "Republic of Suriname" );; line 105557 (wfb::source-text names suriname conventional_short_form "Suriname" );; line 105559 (wfb::source-text names suriname local_long_form "Republiek Suriname" );; line 105561 (wfb::source-text names suriname local_short_form "Suriname" );; line 105563 (wfb::source-text names suriname former "Netherlands Guiana, Dutch Guiana" );; line 105565 (wfb::source-text digraph suriname "NS" );; line 105569 (wfb::source-text type suriname "republic" );; line 105573 (wfb::source-text capital suriname "Paramaribo" );; line 105577 (wfb::source-text administrative_divisions suriname "10 districts (distrikten, singular - distrikt); Brokopondo, Commewijne, Coronie, Marowijne, Nickerie, Para, Paramaribo, Saramacca, Sipaliwini, Wanica" );; line 105581 (wfb::source-text independence suriname "25 November 1975 (from Netherlands)" );; line 105587 (wfb::source-text national_holiday suriname "Independence Day, 25 November (1975)" );; line 105591 (wfb::source-text constitution suriname "ratified 30 September 1987" );; line 105595 (wfb::source-text legal_system suriname "NA" );; line 105599 (wfb::source-text suffrage suriname "18 years of age; universal" );; line 105603 (wfb::source-text executive_branch suriname chief_of_state_and_head_of_government "President Ronald R. VENETIAAN (since 16 September 1991); Prime Minister Jules R. AJODHIA (since 16 September 1991); election last held 6 September 1991 (next to be held NA May 1996); results - elected by the National Assembly - Ronald VENETIAAN (NF) 80% (645 votes), Jules WIJDENBOSCH (NDP) 14% (115 votes), Hans PRADE (DA '91) 6% (49 votes)" );; line 105608 (wfb::source-text executive_branch suriname cabinet "Cabinet of Ministers; appointed by the president from members of the National Assembly" );; line 105614 (wfb::source-text legislative_structure suriname "unicameral" );; line 105622 (wfb::source-text legislative_branch suriname |National Assembly (Assemblee Nationale)| "elections last held 25 May 1991 (next to be held NA May 1996); results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (51 total) NF 30, NDP 10, DA '91 9, independents 2" );; line 105624 (wfb::source-text judicial_branch suriname "Supreme Court" );; line 105630 (wfb::source-text political_parties_and_leaders suriname "The New Front (NF), a coalition of four parties (NPS, VHP, KTPI, SPA), leader Ronald R. VENETIAAN; Progressive Reform Party (VHP), Jaggernath LACHMON; National Party of Suriname (NPS), Ronald VENETIAAN; Party of National Unity and Solidarity (KTPI), Willy SOEMITA; Suriname Labor Party (SPA), Fred DERBY; Democratic Alternative '91 (DA '91), Winston JESSURUN, a coalition of four parties (AF, HPP, Pendawa Lima, BEP) formed in January 1991; Alternative Forum (AF), Gerard BRUNINGS, Winston JESSURUN; Reformed Progressive Party (HPP), Panalal PARMESSAR; Party for Brotherhood and Unity in Politics (BEP), Caprino ALLENDY; Pendawa Lima, Marsha JAMIN; National Democratic Party (NDP), Desire BOUTERSE; Progressive Workers' and Farm Laborers' Union (PALU), Ir Iwan KROLIS, chairman;" );; line 105634 (wfb::source-text other_political_or_pressure_groups suriname "Surinamese Liberation Army (SLA), Ronnie BRUNSWIJK, Johan \"Castro\" WALLY; Union for Liberation and Democracy, Kofi AFONGPONG; Mandela Bushnegro Liberation Movement, Leendert ADAMS; Tucayana Amazonica, Alex JUBITANA, Thomas SABAJO" );; line 105648 (wfb::source-text member_of suriname "ACP, CARICOM, ECLAC, FAO, G-77, GATT, IADB, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IFAD, IFRCS (associate), ILO, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT (nonsignatory user), INTERPOL, IOC, ITU, LAES, NAM, OAS, OPANAL, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCL, WHO, WIPO, WMO" );; line 105655 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us suriname chief_of_mission "Ambassador Willem A. UDENHOUT" );; line 105663 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us suriname chancery "Suite 108, 4301 Connecticut Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008" );; line 105665 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us suriname telephone "[1] (202) 244-7488, 7490 through 7492" );; line 105667 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us suriname fax "[1] (202) 244-5878" );; line 105669 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us suriname |consulate(s) general| "Miami" );; line 105671 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation suriname chief_of_mission "Ambassador Roger R. GAMBLE" );; line 105676 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation suriname embassy "Dr. Sophie Redmondstraat 129, Paramaribo" );; line 105678 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation suriname mailing_address "P. O. Box 1821, Paramaribo" );; line 105680 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation suriname telephone "[597] 472900, 477881, 476459" );; line 105682 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation suriname fax "[597] 410025" );; line 105684 (wfb::source-text flag suriname "five horizontal bands of green (top, double width), white, red (quadruple width), white, and green (double width); there is a large yellow five-pointed star centered in the red band" );; line 105688 (wfb::source-text overview suriname "The economy is dominated by the bauxite industry, which accounts for 15% of GDP and about 70% of export earnings. Paramaribo has failed to initiate the economic reforms necessary to stabilize the economy or win renewed Dutch aid disbursements. The government continues to finance deficit spending with monetary emissions. As a result, high inflation, high unemployment, widespread black market activity, and hard currency shortfalls continue to mark the economy." );; line 105695 (wfb::source-text national_product suriname "GDP - purchasing power parity - $1.2 billion (1994 est.)" );; line 105705 (wfb::source-text national_product_real_growth_rate suriname "-0.8% (1994 est.)" );; line 105709 (wfb::source-text national_product_per_capita suriname "$2,800 (1994 est.)" );; line 105713 (wfb::source-text |Inflation rate (consumer prices)| suriname "225% (1994 est.)" );; line 105717 (wfb::source-text unemployment_rate suriname "NA" );; line 105721 (wfb::source-text budget suriname revenues "$300 million" );; line 105726 (wfb::source-text budget suriname expenditures "$700 million, including capital expenditures of $70 million (1994 est.)" );; line 105728 (wfb::source-text exports suriname "$443.3 million (f.o.b., 1993 est.)" );; line 105733 (wfb::source-text exports suriname commodities "alumina, aluminum, shrimp and fish, rice, bananas" );; line 105735 (wfb::source-text exports suriname partners "Norway 33%, Netherlands 26%, US 13%, Japan 6%, Brazil 6%, UK 3% (1992)" );; line 105737 (wfb::source-text imports suriname "$520.5 million (f.o.b., 1993 est.)" );; line 105742 (wfb::source-text imports suriname commodities "capital equipment, petroleum, foodstuffs, cotton, consumer goods" );; line 105744 (wfb::source-text imports suriname partners "US 42%, Netherlands 22%, Trinidad and Tobago 10%, Brazil 5% (1992)" );; line 105746 (wfb::source-text external_debt suriname "$180 million (March 1993 est.)" );; line 105751 (wfb::source-text industrial_production suriname "growth rate 3.5% (1992 est.); accounts for 18% of GDP" );; line 105755 (wfb::source-text electricity suriname capacity "420,000 kW" );; line 105760 (wfb::source-text electricity suriname production "1.4 billion kWh" );; line 105762 (wfb::source-text electricity suriname consumption_per_capita "3,123 kWh (1993)" );; line 105764 (wfb::source-text industry suriname "bauxite mining, alumina and aluminum production, lumbering, food processing, fishing" );; line 105768 (wfb::source-text agriculture suriname "accounts for 15% of GDP and 25% of export earnings; paddy rice planted on 85% of arable land and represents 60% of total farm output; other products - bananas, palm kernels, coconuts, plantains, peanuts, beef, chicken; shrimp and forestry products of increasing importance; self-sufficient in most foods" );; line 105773 (wfb::source-text illicit_drugs suriname "transshipment point for South American drugs destined for the US and Europe" );; line 105781 (wfb::source-text economic_aid suriname recipient "US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-83), $2.5 billion; Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-89), $1.5 billion" );; line 105787 (wfb::source-text currency suriname "1 Surinamese guilder, gulden, or florin (Sf.) = 100 cents" );; line 105792 (wfb::source-text exchange_rates suriname "Surinamese guilders, gulden, or florins (Sf.) per US$1 - 1.7850 (fixed rate); parallel rate 510 (December 1994), 109 (January 1994)" );; line 105796 (wfb::source-text fiscal_year suriname "calendar year" );; line 105801 (wfb::source-text railroads suriname total "166 km (single track)" );; line 105807 (wfb::source-text railroads suriname standard_gauge "80 km 1.435-m gauge" );; line 105809 (wfb::source-text railroads suriname narrow_gauge "86 km 1.000-m gauge" );; line 105811 (wfb::source-text highways suriname total "8,800 km" );; line 105816 (wfb::source-text highways suriname paved "500 km" );; line 105818 (wfb::source-text highways suriname unpaved "bauxite, gravel, crushed stone 5,400 km; improved and unimproved earth 2,900 km" );; line 105820 (wfb::source-text inland_waterways suriname "1,200 km; most important means of transport; oceangoing vessels with drafts ranging up to 7 m can navigate many of the principal waterways" );; line 105825 (wfb::source-text port suriname "Albina, Moengo, Nieuw Nickerie, Paramaribo, Paranam, Wageningen" );; line 105830 (wfb::source-text merchant_marine suriname total "2 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 2,421 GRT/2,990 DWT" );; line 105835 (wfb::source-text merchant_marine suriname ships_by_type "cargo 1, container 1" );; line 105837 (wfb::source-text airports suriname total "46" );; line 105842 (wfb::source-text airports suriname |with paved runways over 3,047 m| "1" );; line 105844 (wfb::source-text airports suriname with_paved_runways_under_914_m "38" );; line 105846 (wfb::source-text airports suriname |with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m| "7" );; line 105848 (wfb::source-text telephone_system suriname "27,500 telephones; international facilities good" );; line 105853 (wfb::source-text telephone_system suriname local "NA" );; line 105855 (wfb::source-text telephone_system suriname intercity "microwave radio relay network" );; line 105857 (wfb::source-text telephone_system suriname international "2 INTELSAT (Atlantic Ocean) earth stations" );; line 105859 (wfb::source-text radio suriname broadcast_stations "AM 5, FM 14, shortwave 1" );; line 105864 (wfb::source-text radio suriname radios "NA" );; line 105866 (wfb::source-text television suriname broadcast_stations "6" );; line 105871 (wfb::source-text television suriname televisions "NA" );; line 105873 (wfb::source-text defense_branch suriname "National Army (includes small Navy and Air Force elements), Civil Police" );; line 105879 (wfb::source-text manpower_availability suriname "males age 15-49 116,456; males fit for military service 69,011 (1995 est.)" );; line 105884 (wfb::source-text defense_expenditures suriname "$NA, NA% of GDP" );; line 105889 (wfb::source-text location svalbard "Northern Europe, islands between the Arctic Ocean, Barents Sea, Greenland Sea, and Norwegian Sea, north of Norway" );; line 105899 (wfb::source-text map_references svalbard "Arctic Region" );; line 105904 (wfb::source-text area svalbard total_area "62,049 sq km" );; line 105909 (wfb::source-text area svalbard land_area "62,049 sq km" );; line 105911 (wfb::source-text area svalbard comparative_area "slightly smaller than West Virginia" );; line 105913 (wfb::source-text borders svalbard "0 km" );; line 105919 (wfb::source-text coastline svalbard "3,587 km" );; line 105923 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims svalbard exclusive_fishing_zone "200 nm unilaterally claimed by Norway but not recognized by Russia" );; line 105928 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims svalbard territorial_sea "4 nm" );; line 105931 (wfb::source-text international_disputes svalbard "focus of maritime boundary dispute in the Barents Sea between Norway and Russia" );; line 105935 (wfb::source-text climate svalbard "arctic, tempered by warm North Atlantic Current; cool summers, cold winters; North Atlantic Current flows along west and north coasts of Spitsbergen, keeping water open and navigable most of the year" );; line 105940 (wfb::source-text terrain svalbard "wild, rugged mountains; much of high land ice covered; west coast clear of ice about half the year; fjords along west and north coasts" );; line 105946 (wfb::source-text natural-resource svalbard "coal, copper, iron ore, phosphate, zinc, wildlife, fish" );; line 105951 (wfb::source-text land_use svalbard arable_land "0%" );; line 105956 (wfb::source-text land_use svalbard permanent_crops "0%" );; line 105958 (wfb::source-text land_use svalbard meadows_and_pastures "0%" );; line 105960 (wfb::source-text land_use svalbard forest_and_woodland "0%" );; line 105962 (wfb::source-text land_use svalbard other "100% (no trees and the only bushes are crowberry and cloudberry)" );; line 105964 (wfb::source-text irrigated_land svalbard "NA sq km" );; line 105968 (wfb::source-text environment svalbard current_issues "NA" );; line 105973 (wfb::source-text environment svalbard natural_hazards "ice floes often block up the entrance to Bellsund (a transit point for coal export) on the west coast and occasionally make parts of the northeastern coast inaccessible to maritime traffic" );; line 105975 (wfb::source-text environment svalbard international_agreements "NA" );; line 105979 (wfb::source-text note svalbard "northernmost part of the Kingdom of Norway; consists of nine main islands; glaciers and snowfields cover 60% of the total area" );; line 105983 (wfb::source-text population svalbard "2,914 (July 1995 est.)" );; line 105990 (wfb::source-text age_structure svalbard 0-14_years "NA" );; line 105995 (wfb::source-text age_structure svalbard 15-64_years "NA" );; line 105997 (wfb::source-text age_structure svalbard 65_years_and_over "NA" );; line 105999 (wfb::source-text population_growth_rate svalbard "-3.5% (1995 est.)" );; line 106003 (wfb::source-text birth_rate svalbard "NA births/1,000 population" );; line 106007 (wfb::source-text death_rate svalbard "NA deaths/1,000 population" );; line 106011 (wfb::source-text net_migration_rate svalbard "NA migrant(s)/1,000 population" );; line 106015 (wfb::source-text infant_mortality_rate svalbard "NA deaths/1,000 live births" );; line 106019 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth svalbard total_population "NA years" );; line 106024 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth svalbard male "NA years" );; line 106026 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth svalbard female "NA years" );; line 106028 (wfb::source-text total_fertility_rate svalbard "NA children born/woman" );; line 106032 (wfb::source-text ethnic-entity svalbard "Russian 64%, Norwegian 35%, other 1% (1981)" );; line 106036 (wfb::source-text language svalbard "Russian, Norwegian" );; line 106040 (wfb::source-text total_labor_force svalbard "NA" );; line 106044 (wfb::source-text names svalbard conventional_long_form "none" );; line 106050 (wfb::source-text names svalbard conventional_short_form "Svalbard" );; line 106052 (wfb::source-text digraph svalbard "SV" );; line 106056 (wfb::source-text type svalbard "territory of Norway administered by the Ministry of Industry, Oslo, through a governor (sysselmann) residing in Longyearbyen, Spitsbergen; by treaty (9 February 1920) sovereignty was given to Norway" );; line 106060 (wfb::source-text capital svalbard "Longyearbyen" );; line 106066 (wfb::source-text independence svalbard "none (territory of Norway)" );; line 106070 (wfb::source-text national_holiday svalbard "NA" );; line 106074 (wfb::source-text legal_system svalbard "NA" );; line 106078 (wfb::source-text executive_branch svalbard chief_of_state "King HARALD V (since 17 January 1991)" );; line 106083 (wfb::source-text executive_branch svalbard head_of_government "Governor Odd BLOMDAL (since NA); Assistant Governor Jan-Atle HANSEN (since NA September 1993)" );; line 106085 (wfb::source-text member_of svalbard "none" );; line 106090 (wfb::source-text flag svalbard "the flag of Norway is used" );; line 106094 (wfb::source-text overview svalbard "Coal mining is the major economic activity on Svalbard. By treaty (9 February 1920), the nationals of the treaty powers have equal rights to exploit mineral deposits, subject to Norwegian regulation. Although US, UK, Dutch, and Swedish coal companies have mined in the past, the only companies still mining are Norwegian and Russian. The settlements on Svalbard are essentially company towns. The Norwegian state-owned coal company employs nearly 60% of the Norwegian population on the island, runs many of the local services, and provides most of the local infrastructure. There is also some trapping of seal, polar bear, fox, and walrus." );; line 106099 (wfb::source-text budget svalbard revenues "$13.3 million" );; line 106112 (wfb::source-text budget svalbard expenditures "$13.3 million, including capital expenditures of $NA (1990 est.)" );; line 106114 (wfb::source-text electricity svalbard capacity "21,000 kW" );; line 106119 (wfb::source-text electricity svalbard production "45 million kWh" );; line 106121 (wfb::source-text electricity svalbard consumption_per_capita "13,860 kWh (1992)" );; line 106123 (wfb::source-text currency svalbard "1 Norwegian krone (NKr) = 100 oere" );; line 106127 (wfb::source-text exchange_rates svalbard "Norwegian kroner (NKr) per US$1 - 6.7014 (January 1995), 7.0469 (1994), 7.0941 (1993), 6.2145 (1992), 6.4829 (1991), 6.2597 (1990)" );; line 106131 (wfb::source-text railroads svalbard "0 km" );; line 106137 (wfb::source-text highways svalbard total "NA" );; line 106142 (wfb::source-text highways svalbard paved "NA" );; line 106144 (wfb::source-text highways svalbard unpaved "NA" );; line 106146 (wfb::source-text port svalbard "Barentsburg, Longyearbyen, Ny-Alesund, Pyramiden" );; line 106150 (wfb::source-text merchant_marine svalbard "none" );; line 106154 (wfb::source-text airports svalbard total "4" );; line 106159 (wfb::source-text airports svalbard |with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m| "1" );; line 106161 (wfb::source-text airports svalbard with_paved_runways_under_914_m "3" );; line 106163 (wfb::source-text telephone_system svalbard "NA telephones; local telephone service" );; line 106168 (wfb::source-text telephone_system svalbard local "NA" );; line 106170 (wfb::source-text telephone_system svalbard intercity "NA" );; line 106172 (wfb::source-text telephone_system svalbard international "satellite communication with Norwegian mainland" );; line 106174 (wfb::source-text radio svalbard broadcast_stations "AM 1, FM 1 (repeaters 2), shortwave 0" );; line 106179 (wfb::source-text radio svalbard radios "NA" );; line 106181 (wfb::source-text television svalbard broadcast_stations "1" );; line 106186 (wfb::source-text television svalbard televisions "NA" );; line 106188 (wfb::source-text note svalbard "there are 5 meteorological/radio stations" );; line 106192 (wfb::source-text note svalbard "demilitarized by treaty (9 February 1920)" );; line 106198 (wfb::source-text location swaziland "Southern Africa, between Mozambique and South Africa" );; line 106208 (wfb::source-text map_references swaziland "Africa" );; line 106212 (wfb::source-text area swaziland total_area "17,360 sq km" );; line 106217 (wfb::source-text area swaziland land_area "17,200 sq km" );; line 106219 (wfb::source-text area swaziland comparative_area "slightly smaller than New Jersey" );; line 106221 (wfb::source-text borders swaziland "total 535 km, Mozambique 105 km, South Africa 430 km" );; line 106225 (wfb::source-text coastline swaziland "0 km (landlocked)" );; line 106229 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims swaziland "none; landlocked" );; line 106233 (wfb::source-text international_disputes swaziland "Swaziland has asked South Africa to open negotiations on reincorporating some nearby South African territories that are populated by ethnic Swazis or that were long ago part of the Swazi Kingdom" );; line 106237 (wfb::source-text climate swaziland "varies from tropical to near temperate" );; line 106243 (wfb::source-text terrain swaziland "mostly mountains and hills; some moderately sloping plains" );; line 106247 (wfb::source-text natural-resource swaziland "asbestos, coal, clay, cassiterite, hydropower, forests, small gold and diamond deposits, quarry stone, and talc" );; line 106251 (wfb::source-text land_use swaziland arable_land "10.9%" );; line 106257 (wfb::source-text land_use swaziland permanent_crops "0.2%" );; line 106259 (wfb::source-text land_use swaziland meadows_and_pastures "62.2%" );; line 106261 (wfb::source-text land_use swaziland forest_and_woodland "6.9%" );; line 106263 (wfb::source-text land_use swaziland other "19.8%" );; line 106265 (wfb::source-text irrigated_land swaziland "640 sq km (1993 est.)" );; line 106269 (wfb::source-text environment swaziland current_issues "limited access to potable water; wildlife populations being depleted because of excessive hunting; overgrazing; soil degradation; soil erosion" );; line 106274 (wfb::source-text environment swaziland natural_hazards "NA" );; line 106278 (wfb::source-text environment swaziland international_agreements "party to - Biodiversity, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection; signed, but not ratified - Climate Change, Law of the Sea" );; line 106280 (wfb::source-text note swaziland "landlocked; almost completely surrounded by South Africa" );; line 106285 (wfb::source-text population swaziland "966,977 (July 1995 est.)" );; line 106291 (wfb::source-text age_structure swaziland 0-14_years "46% (female 222,544; male 221,003)" );; line 106296 (wfb::source-text age_structure swaziland 15-64_years "52% (female 261,973; male 238,726)" );; line 106298 (wfb::source-text age_structure swaziland 65_years_and_over "2% (female 13,291; male 9,440) (July 1995 est.)" );; line 106300 (wfb::source-text population_growth_rate swaziland "3.23% (1995 est.)" );; line 106304 (wfb::source-text birth_rate swaziland "43.06 births/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 106308 (wfb::source-text death_rate swaziland "10.8 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 106312 (wfb::source-text net_migration_rate swaziland "0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 106316 (wfb::source-text infant_mortality_rate swaziland "90.7 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.)" );; line 106320 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth swaziland total_population "56.84 years" );; line 106325 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth swaziland male "52.83 years" );; line 106327 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth swaziland female "60.96 years (1995 est.)" );; line 106329 (wfb::source-text total_fertility_rate swaziland "6.1 children born/woman (1995 est.)" );; line 106333 (wfb::source-text nationality swaziland noun "Swazi(s)" );; line 106338 (wfb::source-text nationality swaziland adjective "Swazi" );; line 106340 (wfb::source-text ethnic-entity swaziland "African 97%, European 3%" );; line 106344 (wfb::source-text religion swaziland "Christian 60%, indigenous beliefs 40%" );; line 106348 (wfb::source-text language swaziland "English (official; government business conducted in English), siSwati (official)" );; line 106352 (wfb::source-text literacy swaziland "age 15 and over can read and write (1986)" );; line 106357 (wfb::source-text literacy swaziland total_population "67%" );; line 106359 (wfb::source-text literacy swaziland male "70%" );; line 106361 (wfb::source-text literacy swaziland female "65%" );; line 106363 (wfb::source-text total_labor_force swaziland "NA" );; line 106367 (wfb::source-text labor_force_by_occupation swaziland by_occupation "private sector about 65%, public sector 35%" );; line 106369 (wfb::source-text names swaziland conventional_long_form "Kingdom of Swaziland" );; line 106375 (wfb::source-text names swaziland conventional_short_form "Swaziland" );; line 106377 (wfb::source-text digraph swaziland "WZ" );; line 106381 (wfb::source-text type swaziland "monarchy; independent member of Commonwealth" );; line 106385 (wfb::source-text capital swaziland "Mbabane (administrative); Lobamba (legislative)" );; line 106389 (wfb::source-text administrative_divisions swaziland "4 districts; Hhohho, Lubombo, Manzini, Shiselweni" );; line 106393 (wfb::source-text independence swaziland "6 September 1968 (from UK)" );; line 106397 (wfb::source-text national_holiday swaziland "Somhlolo (Independence) Day, 6 September (1968)" );; line 106401 (wfb::source-text constitution swaziland "none; constitution of 6 September 1968 was suspended 12 April 1973; a new constitution was promulgated 13 October 1978, but has not been formally presented to the people" );; line 106405 (wfb::source-text legal_system swaziland "based on South African Roman-Dutch law in statutory courts, Swazi traditional law and custom in traditional courts; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction" );; line 106411 (wfb::source-text suffrage swaziland "none" );; line 106417 (wfb::source-text executive_branch swaziland chief_of_state "King MSWATI III (since 25 April 1986)" );; line 106422 (wfb::source-text executive_branch swaziland head_of_government "Prime Minister Prince Jameson Mbilini DLAMINI (since 12 November 1993)" );; line 106424 (wfb::source-text executive_branch swaziland cabinet "Cabinet; designated by the monarch" );; line 106427 (wfb::source-text legislative_structure swaziland "bicameral Parliament is advisory" );; line 106431 (wfb::source-text legislative_branch swaziland senate "consists of 30 members (10 appointed by the House of Assembly and 20 appointed by the king)" );; line 106433 (wfb::source-text legislative_branch swaziland house_of_assembly "elections last held NA October 1993 (next to be held NA); results - NA; seats - (65 total, 55 directly elected, 10 appointed by the king) - balloting held on a non-party basis" );; line 106436 (wfb::source-text judicial_branch swaziland "High Court, Court of Appeal" );; line 106442 (wfb::source-text political_parties_and_leaders swaziland illegal_parties "Peoples' United Democratic Movement (PUDEMO), Kilson SHONOWE; Swaziland Youth Congress (SWAYCO), Benedict TSABEDZE; Swaziland Communist Party (SWACOPA), Mphandlana SHONGWE" );; line 106451 (wfb::source-text member_of swaziland "ACP, AfDB, C, CCC, ECA, FAO, G-77, GATT, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, ITU, NAM, OAU, PCA, SACU, SADC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO" );; line 106457 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us swaziland chief_of_mission "Ambassador Madzandza Mary KHANYA" );; line 106464 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us swaziland chancery "3400 International Drive NW, Washington, DC 20008" );; line 106466 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us swaziland telephone "[1] (202) 362-6683, 6685" );; line 106468 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us swaziland fax "[1] (202) 244-8059" );; line 106470 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation swaziland chief_of_mission "Ambassador John T. SPROTT" );; line 106475 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation swaziland embassy "Central Bank Building, Warner Street, Mbabane" );; line 106477 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation swaziland mailing_address "P. O. Box 199, Mbabane" );; line 106479 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation swaziland telephone "[268] 46441 through 46445" );; line 106481 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation swaziland fax "[268] 45959" );; line 106483 (wfb::source-text flag swaziland "three horizontal bands of blue (top), red (triple width), and blue; the red band is edged in yellow; centered in the red band is a large black and white shield covering two spears and a staff decorated with feather tassels, all placed horizontally" );; line 106487 (wfb::source-text overview swaziland "The economy is based on subsistence agriculture, which occupies more than 60% of the population and contributes nearly 25% to GDP. Manufacturing, which includes a number of agroprocessing factories, accounts for another quarter of GDP. Mining has declined in importance in recent years; high-grade iron ore deposits were depleted by 1978, and health concerns cut world demand for asbestos. Exports of sugar and forestry products are the main earners of hard currency. Surrounded by South Africa, except for a short border with Mozambique, Swaziland is heavily dependent on South Africa, from which it receives 90% of its imports and to which it sends about half of its exports. Remittances from Swazi workers in South African mines may supplement domestically produced income by as much as 20%." );; line 106495 (wfb::source-text national_product swaziland "GDP - purchasing power parity - $3.3 billion (1994 est.)" );; line 106509 (wfb::source-text national_product_real_growth_rate swaziland "4.5% (1994 est.)" );; line 106513 (wfb::source-text national_product_per_capita swaziland "$3,490 (1994 est.)" );; line 106517 (wfb::source-text |Inflation rate (consumer prices)| swaziland "11.3% (1993 est.)" );; line 106521 (wfb::source-text unemployment_rate swaziland "15% (1992 est.)" );; line 106525 (wfb::source-text budget swaziland revenues "$342 million" );; line 106530 (wfb::source-text budget swaziland expenditures "$410 million, including capital expenditures of $130 million (1994 est.)" );; line 106532 (wfb::source-text exports swaziland "$632 million (f.o.b., 1993 est.)" );; line 106537 (wfb::source-text exports swaziland commodities "sugar, edible concentrates, wood pulp, cotton yarn, asbestos" );; line 106539 (wfb::source-text exports swaziland partners "South Africa 50% (est.), EC countries, Canada" );; line 106541 (wfb::source-text imports swaziland "$734 million (f.o.b., 1993 est.)" );; line 106545 (wfb::source-text imports swaziland commodities "motor vehicles, machinery, transport equipment, petroleum products, foodstuffs, chemicals" );; line 106547 (wfb::source-text imports swaziland partners "South Africa 90% (est.), Switzerland, UK" );; line 106550 (wfb::source-text external_debt swaziland "$240 million (1992)" );; line 106554 (wfb::source-text industrial_production swaziland "growth rate 4.2% (1993 est.)" );; line 106558 (wfb::source-text electricity swaziland capacity "120,000 kW" );; line 106563 (wfb::source-text electricity swaziland production "410 million kWh" );; line 106565 (wfb::source-text electricity swaziland consumption_per_capita "1,003 kWh (1993)" );; line 106567 (wfb::source-text industry swaziland "mining (coal and asbestos), wood pulp, sugar" );; line 106571 (wfb::source-text agriculture swaziland "accounts for over 60% of labor force; mostly subsistence agriculture; cash crops - sugarcane, cotton, maize, tobacco, rice, citrus fruit, pineapples; other crops and livestock - corn, sorghum, peanuts, cattle, goats, sheep; not self-sufficient in grain" );; line 106575 (wfb::source-text economic_aid swaziland recipient "bilateral aid (1991) $35 million of which US disbursements $12 million, UK disbursements $6 million, and Denmark $2 million; multilateral aid (1991) $24 million of which EC disbursements $8 million" );; line 106583 (wfb::source-text currency swaziland "1 lilangeni (E) = 100 cents" );; line 106589 (wfb::source-text exchange_rates swaziland "emalangeni (E) per US$1 -3.5389 (January 1995), 3.5490 (1994), 3.2636 (1993), 2.8497 (1992), 2.7563 (1991), 2.5863 (1990); note - the Swazi emalangeni is at par with the South African rand" );; line 106593 (wfb::source-text fiscal_year swaziland "1 April - 31 March" );; line 106599 (wfb::source-text railroads swaziland total "297 km; note - includes 71 km which are not in use" );; line 106605 (wfb::source-text railroads swaziland narrow_gauge "297 km 1.067-m gauge (single track)" );; line 106607 (wfb::source-text highways swaziland total "2,853 km" );; line 106612 (wfb::source-text highways swaziland paved "510 km" );; line 106614 (wfb::source-text highways swaziland unpaved "crushed stone, gravel, stabilized earth 1,230 km; improved earth 1,113 km" );; line 106616 (wfb::source-text port swaziland "none" );; line 106621 (wfb::source-text airports swaziland total "18" );; line 106626 (wfb::source-text airports swaziland |with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m| "1" );; line 106628 (wfb::source-text airports swaziland with_paved_runways_under_914_m "9" );; line 106630 (wfb::source-text airports swaziland |with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m| "8" );; line 106632 (wfb::source-text telephone_system swaziland "17,000 telephones; telephone density is only 17.6 telephones/1,000 persons" );; line 106637 (wfb::source-text telephone_system swaziland local "NA" );; line 106640 (wfb::source-text telephone_system swaziland intercity "system consists of carrier-equipped open-wire lines and low-capacity radio relay microwave links" );; line 106642 (wfb::source-text telephone_system swaziland international "1 INTELSAT (Atlantic Ocean) earth station" );; line 106645 (wfb::source-text radio swaziland broadcast_stations "AM 7, FM 6, shortwave 0" );; line 106650 (wfb::source-text radio swaziland radios "NA" );; line 106652 (wfb::source-text television swaziland broadcast_stations "10" );; line 106657 (wfb::source-text television swaziland televisions "NA" );; line 106659 (wfb::source-text defense_branch swaziland "Umbutfo Swaziland Defense Force (Army), Royal Swaziland Police Force" );; line 106665 (wfb::source-text manpower_availability swaziland "males age 15-49 212,239; males fit for military service 122,782 (1995 est.)" );; line 106670 (wfb::source-text defense_expenditures swaziland "exchange rate conversion - $22 million, NA% of GDP (FY93/94)" );; line 106675 (wfb::source-text location sweden "Northern Europe, bordering the Baltic Sea, Gulf of Bothnia, and Skagerrak, between Finland and Norway" );; line 106685 (wfb::source-text map_references sweden "Europe" );; line 106690 (wfb::source-text area sweden total_area "449,964 sq km" );; line 106695 (wfb::source-text area sweden land_area "410,928 sq km" );; line 106697 (wfb::source-text area sweden comparative_area "slightly smaller than California" );; line 106699 (wfb::source-text borders sweden "total 2,205 km, Finland 586 km, Norway 1,619 km" );; line 106703 (wfb::source-text coastline sweden "3,218 km" );; line 106707 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims sweden continental_shelf "200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation" );; line 106712 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims sweden exclusive_economic_zone "agreed boundaries or midlines" );; line 106714 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims sweden territorial_sea "12 nm" );; line 106716 (wfb::source-text international_disputes sweden "none" );; line 106720 (wfb::source-text climate sweden "temperate in south with cold, cloudy winters and cool, partly cloudy summers; subarctic in north" );; line 106724 (wfb::source-text terrain sweden "mostly flat or gently rolling lowlands; mountains in west" );; line 106729 (wfb::source-text natural-resource sweden "zinc, iron ore, lead, copper, silver, timber, uranium, hydropower potential" );; line 106733 (wfb::source-text land_use sweden arable_land "7%" );; line 106739 (wfb::source-text land_use sweden permanent_crops "0%" );; line 106741 (wfb::source-text land_use sweden meadows_and_pastures "2%" );; line 106743 (wfb::source-text land_use sweden forest_and_woodland "64%" );; line 106745 (wfb::source-text land_use sweden other "27%" );; line 106747 (wfb::source-text irrigated_land sweden "1,120 sq km (1989 est.)" );; line 106751 (wfb::source-text environment sweden current_issues "acid rain damaging soils and lakes; pollution of the North Sea and the Baltic Sea" );; line 106756 (wfb::source-text environment sweden natural_hazards "ice floes in the surrounding waters, especially in the Gulf of Bothnia, can interfere with maritime traffic" );; line 106759 (wfb::source-text environment sweden international_agreements "party to - Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Sulphur 85, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Marine Dumping, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Wetlands, Whaling; signed, but not ratified - Air Pollution-Sulphur 94, Desertification, Law of the Sea" );; line 106762 (wfb::source-text note sweden "strategic location along Danish Straits linking Baltic and North Seas" );; line 106772 (wfb::source-text population sweden "8,821,759 (July 1995 est.)" );; line 106779 (wfb::source-text age_structure sweden 0-14_years "19% (female 810,859; male 854,553)" );; line 106784 (wfb::source-text age_structure sweden 15-64_years "64% (female 2,761,060; male 2,856,012)" );; line 106786 (wfb::source-text age_structure sweden 65_years_and_over "17% (female 887,597; male 651,678) (July 1995 est.)" );; line 106788 (wfb::source-text population_growth_rate sweden "0.46% (1995 est.)" );; line 106792 (wfb::source-text birth_rate sweden "13.19 births/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 106796 (wfb::source-text death_rate sweden "10.84 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 106800 (wfb::source-text net_migration_rate sweden "2.27 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 106804 (wfb::source-text infant_mortality_rate sweden "5.6 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.)" );; line 106808 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth sweden total_population "78.43 years" );; line 106813 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth sweden male "75.64 years" );; line 106815 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth sweden female "81.39 years (1995 est.)" );; line 106817 (wfb::source-text total_fertility_rate sweden "1.97 children born/woman (1995 est.)" );; line 106821 (wfb::source-text nationality sweden noun "Swede(s)" );; line 106826 (wfb::source-text nationality sweden adjective "Swedish" );; line 106828 (wfb::source-text ethnic-entity sweden "white, Lapp (Sami), foreign born or first-generation immigrants 12% (Finns, Yugoslavs, Danes, Norwegians, Greeks, Turks)" );; line 106832 (wfb::source-text religion sweden "Evangelical Lutheran 94%, Roman Catholic 1.5%, Pentecostal 1%, other 3.5% (1987)" );; line 106837 (wfb::source-text language sweden "Swedish" );; line 106842 (wfb::source-text literacy sweden "age 15 and over can read and write (1991 est.)" );; line 106849 (wfb::source-text literacy sweden total_population "99%" );; line 106851 (wfb::source-text total_labor_force sweden "4.552 million (84% unionized,1992)" );; line 106855 (wfb::source-text labor_force_by_occupation sweden by_occupation "community, social and personal services 38.3%, mining and manufacturing 21.2%, commerce, hotels, and restaurants 14.1%, banking, insurance 9.0%, communications 7.2%, construction 7.0%, agriculture, fishing, and forestry 3.2% (1991)" );; line 106857 (wfb::source-text names sweden conventional_long_form "Kingdom of Sweden" );; line 106866 (wfb::source-text names sweden conventional_short_form "Sweden" );; line 106868 (wfb::source-text names sweden local_long_form "Konungariket Sverige" );; line 106870 (wfb::source-text names sweden local_short_form "Sverige" );; line 106872 (wfb::source-text digraph sweden "SW" );; line 106876 (wfb::source-text type sweden "constitutional monarchy" );; line 106880 (wfb::source-text capital sweden "Stockholm" );; line 106884 (wfb::source-text administrative_divisions sweden "24 provinces (lan, singular and plural); Alvsborgs Lan, Blekinge Lan, Gavleborgs Lan, Goteborgs och Bohus Lan, Gotlands Lan, Hallands Lan, Jamtlands Lan, Jonkopings Lan, Kalmar Lan, Kopparbergs Lan, Kristianstads Lan, Kronobergs Lan, Malmohus Lan, Norrbottens Lan, Orebro Lan, Ostergotlands Lan, Skaraborgs Lan, Sodermanlands Lan, Stockholms Lan, Uppsala Lan, Varmlands Lan, Vasterbottens Lan, Vasternorrlands Lan, Vastmanlands Lan" );; line 106888 (wfb::source-text independence sweden "6 June 1809 (constitutional monarchy established)" );; line 106897 (wfb::source-text national_holiday sweden "Day of the Swedish Flag, 6 June" );; line 106901 (wfb::source-text constitution sweden "1 January 1975" );; line 106905 (wfb::source-text legal_system sweden "civil law system influenced by customary law; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations" );; line 106909 (wfb::source-text suffrage sweden "18 years of age; universal" );; line 106914 (wfb::source-text executive_branch sweden chief_of_state "King CARL XVI GUSTAF (since 19 September 1973); Heir Apparent Princess VICTORIA Ingrid Alice Desiree, daughter of the King (born 14 July 1977)" );; line 106919 (wfb::source-text executive_branch sweden head_of_government "Prime Minister Ingvar CARLSSON (since 6 October 1994); Deputy Prime Minister Mona SAHLIN (since 6 October 1994)" );; line 106923 (wfb::source-text executive_branch sweden cabinet "Cabinet; appointed by the prime minister" );; line 106926 (wfb::source-text legislative_structure sweden "unicameral" );; line 106930 (wfb::source-text legislative_branch sweden |Parliament (Riksdag)| "elections last held 18 September 1994 (next to be held NA September 1998); results - Social Democrats 45.4%, Moderate Party (Conservatives) 22.3%, Center Party 7.7%, Liberals 7.2%, Left Party 6.2%, Greens 5.8%, Christian Democrats 4.1%, New Democracy Party 1.2%; seats - (349 total) Social Democrats 162, Moderate Party (Conservatives) 80, Center Party 27, Liberals 26, Left Party 22, Greens 18, Christian Democrats 14; note - the New Democracy Party did not receive a seat because parties require a minimum of 4.8% of votes for a seat in parliament" );; line 106932 (wfb::source-text judicial_branch sweden "Supreme Court (Hogsta Domstolen)" );; line 106943 (wfb::source-text political_parties_and_leaders sweden "Social Democratic Party, Ingvar CARLSSON; Moderate Party (conservative), Carl BILDT; Liberal People's Party, Maria LEISSNER; Center Party, Olof JOHANSSON; Christian Democratic Party, Alf SVENSSON; New Democracy Party, Vivianne FRANZEN; Left Party (VP; Communist), Gudrun SCHYMAN; Communist Workers' Party, Rolf HAGEL; Green Party, no formal leader but party spokesperson is Birger SHLAUG" );; line 106947 (wfb::source-text member_of sweden "AfDB, AG (observer), AsDB, Australia Group, BIS, CBSS, CCC, CE, CERN, EBRD, ECE, EFTA, ESA, EU, FAO, G- 6, G- 8, G- 9, G-10, GATT, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, INMARSAT, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, MTCR, NAM (guest), NC, NEA, NIB, NSG, OECD, ONUSAL, OSCE, PCA, PFP, UN, UNAVEM II, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIKOM, UNITAR, UNMOGIP, UNOMIG, UNOMOZ, UNPROFOR, UNTSO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, ZC" );; line 106956 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us sweden chief_of_mission "Ambassador Carl Henrik Sihver LILJEGREN" );; line 106967 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us sweden chancery "1501 M Street NW, Washington, DC 20005" );; line 106969 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us sweden telephone "[1] (202) 467-2600" );; line 106971 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us sweden fax "[1] (202) 467-2699" );; line 106973 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us sweden |consulate(s) general| "Los Angeles and New York" );; line 106975 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation sweden chief_of_mission "Ambassador Thomas L. SIEBERT" );; line 106980 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation sweden embassy "Strandvagen 101, S-115 89 Stockholm" );; line 106982 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation sweden mailing_address "use embassy street address" );; line 106984 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation sweden telephone "[46] (8) 783 53 00" );; line 106986 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation sweden fax "[46] (8) 661 19 64" );; line 106988 (wfb::source-text flag sweden "blue with a yellow cross that extends to the edges of the flag; the vertical part of the cross is shifted to the hoist side in the style of the Dannebrog (Danish flag)" );; line 106992 (wfb::source-text overview sweden "Aided by a long period of peace and neutrality during World War I through World War II, Sweden has achieved an enviable standard of living under a mixed system of high-tech capitalism and extensive welfare benefits. It has a modern distribution system, excellent internal and external communications, and a skilled labor force. Timber, hydropower, and iron ore constitute the resource base of an economy that is heavily oriented toward foreign trade. Privately owned firms account for about 90% of industrial output, of which the engineering sector accounts for 50% of output and exports. In 1990, agriculture accounted for only 1.2% of GDP and 1.9% of the jobs, Sweden being about 50% sufficient in most products. In the last few years, however, this extraordinarily favorable picture has been clouded by inflation, growing unemployment, and a gradual loss of competitiveness in international markets. Although Prime Minister BILDT's center-right minority coalition had hoped to charge ahead with free-market-oriented reforms, a skyrocketing budget deficit - about 14% of GDP in FY93/94 projections - and record unemployment have forestalled many of the plans. Unemployment in 1994 is estimated at around 9% with another 5% in job training. Continued heavy foreign exchange speculation forced the government to cooperate in late 1992 with the opposition Social Democrats on two crisis packages - one a severe austerity pact and the other a program to spur industrial competitiveness - which basically set economic policy through 1997. In November 1992, Sweden broke its tie to the EC's ECU, and the krona has since depreciated about 25% against the dollar. The boost in export competitiveness from the depreciation helped lift Sweden out of its 3-year recession. To curb the budget deficit and bolster confidence in the economy, the new Social Democratic government is proposing cuts in welfare benefits, subsidies, defense, and foreign aid. Sweden has harmonized its economic policies with those of the EU, which it joined at the start of 1995." );; line 106999 (wfb::source-text national_product sweden "GDP - purchasing power parity - $163.1 billion (1994 est.)" );; line 107030 (wfb::source-text national_product_real_growth_rate sweden "2.4% (1994 est.)" );; line 107034 (wfb::source-text national_product_per_capita sweden "$18,580 (1994 est.)" );; line 107038 (wfb::source-text |Inflation rate (consumer prices)| sweden "2.5% (1994 est.)" );; line 107042 (wfb::source-text unemployment_rate sweden "8.8% (1994 est.)" );; line 107046 (wfb::source-text budget sweden revenues "$47.9 billion" );; line 107051 (wfb::source-text budget sweden expenditures "$70.9 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA (FY93/94)" );; line 107053 (wfb::source-text exports sweden "$59.9 billion (f.o.b., 1994)" );; line 107057 (wfb::source-text exports sweden commodities "machinery, motor vehicles, paper products, pulp and wood, iron and steel products, chemicals, petroleum and petroleum products" );; line 107059 (wfb::source-text exports sweden partners "EC 55.8% (Germany 15%, UK 9.7%, Denmark 7.2%, France 5.8%), EFTA 17.4% (Norway 8.4%, Finland 5.1%), US 8.2%, Central and Eastern Europe 2.5% (1992)" );; line 107062 (wfb::source-text imports sweden "$49.6 billion (c.i.f., 1994)" );; line 107068 (wfb::source-text imports sweden commodities "machinery, petroleum and petroleum products, chemicals, motor vehicles, foodstuffs, iron and steel, clothing" );; line 107070 (wfb::source-text imports sweden partners "EC 53.6% (Germany 17.9%, UK 6.3%, Denmark 7.5%, France 4.9%), EFTA (Norway 6.6%, Finland 6%), US 8.4%, Central and Eastern Europe 3% (1992)" );; line 107073 (wfb::source-text external_debt sweden "$NA" );; line 107078 (wfb::source-text industrial_production sweden "growth rate 9% (1994)" );; line 107082 (wfb::source-text electricity sweden capacity "34,560,000 kW" );; line 107087 (wfb::source-text electricity sweden production "141 billion kWh" );; line 107089 (wfb::source-text electricity sweden consumption_per_capita "14,891 kWh (1993)" );; line 107091 (wfb::source-text industry sweden "iron and steel, precision equipment (bearings, radio and telephone parts, armaments), wood pulp and paper products, processed foods, motor vehicles" );; line 107095 (wfb::source-text agriculture sweden "animal husbandry predominates, with milk and dairy products accounting for 37% of farm income; main crops - grains, sugar beets, potatoes; 100% self-sufficient in grains and potatoes; Sweden is about 50% self-sufficient in most products" );; line 107101 (wfb::source-text illicit_drugs sweden "transshipment point for narcotics shipped via the CIS and Baltic states for the European market" );; line 107108 (wfb::source-text economic_aid sweden donor "ODA and OOF commitments (1970-89), $10.3 billion" );; line 107114 (wfb::source-text currency sweden "1 Swedish krona (SKr) = 100 oere" );; line 107118 (wfb::source-text exchange_rates sweden "Swedish kronor (SKr) per US$1 - 7.4675 (January 1995), 7.7160 (1994), 7.7834 (1993), 5.8238 (1992), 6.0475 (1991) 5.9188 (1990)" );; line 107122 (wfb::source-text fiscal_year sweden "1 July - 30 June" );; line 107127 (wfb::source-text railroads sweden total "12,000 km (includes 953 km of privately owned railways)" );; line 107133 (wfb::source-text railroads sweden standard_gauge "10,742 km 1.435-m gauge (7,502 km electrified and 1,152 km double track); 8 km 1.435-m gauge (electrified; privately owned)" );; line 107135 (wfb::source-text railroads sweden narrow_gauge "61 km 0.891-m gauge (electrified; privately owned)" );; line 107138 (wfb::source-text railroads sweden other "1,189 km NA-m gauge (1994)" );; line 107140 (wfb::source-text highways sweden total "135,859 km" );; line 107145 (wfb::source-text highways sweden paved "97,818 km (including 936 km of expressways)" );; line 107147 (wfb::source-text highways sweden unpaved "gravel 38,041 km (1991)" );; line 107149 (wfb::source-text inland_waterways sweden "2,052 km navigable for small steamers and barges" );; line 107153 (wfb::source-text pipelines sweden "natural gas 84 km" );; line 107157 (wfb::source-text port sweden "Gavle, Goteborg, Halmstad, Helsingborg, Hudiksvall, Kalmar, Karlshamn, Malmo, Solvesborg, Stockholm, Sundsvall" );; line 107161 (wfb::source-text merchant_marine sweden total "157 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 1,872,350 GRT/2,075,722 DWT" );; line 107167 (wfb::source-text merchant_marine sweden ships_by_type "bulk 10, cargo 24, chemical tanker 25, combination ore/oil 1, container 2, oil tanker 31, railcar carrier 2, refrigerated cargo 1, roll-on/roll-off cargo 37, short-sea passenger 8, specialized tanker 4, vehicle carrier 12" );; line 107170 (wfb::source-text airports sweden total "253" );; line 107178 (wfb::source-text airports sweden |with paved runways over 3,047 m| "2" );; line 107180 (wfb::source-text airports sweden |with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m| "8" );; line 107182 (wfb::source-text airports sweden |with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m| "84" );; line 107184 (wfb::source-text airports sweden |with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m| "26" );; line 107186 (wfb::source-text airports sweden with_paved_runways_under_914_m "129" );; line 107188 (wfb::source-text airports sweden |with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m| "4" );; line 107190 (wfb::source-text telephone_system sweden "8,200,000 telephones; excellent domestic and international facilities; automatic system" );; line 107195 (wfb::source-text telephone_system sweden local "NA" );; line 107198 (wfb::source-text telephone_system sweden intercity "coaxial and multiconductor cable carry most voice traffic; parallel microwave network carries TV, radio, and some additional telephone channels" );; line 107200 (wfb::source-text telephone_system sweden international "5 submarine coaxial cables; 1 INTELSAT (Atlantic Ocean) and 1 EUTELSAT earth station" );; line 107204 (wfb::source-text radio sweden broadcast_stations "AM 5, FM 360 (mostly repeaters), shortwave 0" );; line 107210 (wfb::source-text radio sweden radios "7 million" );; line 107212 (wfb::source-text television sweden broadcast_stations "880 (mostly repeaters)" );; line 107217 (wfb::source-text television sweden televisions "3.5 million" );; line 107219 (wfb::source-text defense_branch sweden "Swedish Army, Royal Swedish Navy, Swedish Air Force" );; line 107225 (wfb::source-text manpower_availability sweden "males age 15-49 2,133,420; males fit for military service 1,864,258; males reach military age (19) annually 52,937 (1995 est.)" );; line 107229 (wfb::source-text defense_expenditures sweden "exchange rate conversion - $5.4 billion, 2.4% of GDP (FY94/95)" );; line 107234 (wfb::source-text location switzerland "Central Europe, east of France" );; line 107244 (wfb::source-text map_references switzerland "Europe" );; line 107248 (wfb::source-text area switzerland total_area "41,290 sq km" );; line 107253 (wfb::source-text area switzerland land_area "39,770 sq km" );; line 107255 (wfb::source-text area switzerland comparative_area "slightly more than twice the size of New Jersey" );; line 107257 (wfb::source-text borders switzerland "total 1,852 km, Austria 164 km, France 573 km, Italy 740 km, Liechtenstein 41 km, Germany 334 km" );; line 107261 (wfb::source-text coastline switzerland "0 km (landlocked)" );; line 107266 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims switzerland "none; landlocked" );; line 107270 (wfb::source-text international_disputes switzerland "none" );; line 107274 (wfb::source-text climate switzerland "temperate, but varies with altitude; cold, cloudy, rainy/snowy winters; cool to warm, cloudy, humid summers with occasional showers" );; line 107278 (wfb::source-text terrain switzerland "mostly mountains (Alps in south, Jura in northwest) with a central plateau of rolling hills, plains, and large lakes" );; line 107283 (wfb::source-text natural-resource switzerland "hydropower potential, timber, salt" );; line 107288 (wfb::source-text land_use switzerland arable_land "10%" );; line 107293 (wfb::source-text land_use switzerland permanent_crops "1%" );; line 107295 (wfb::source-text land_use switzerland meadows_and_pastures "40%" );; line 107297 (wfb::source-text land_use switzerland forest_and_woodland "26%" );; line 107299 (wfb::source-text land_use switzerland other "23%" );; line 107301 (wfb::source-text irrigated_land switzerland "250 sq km (1989)" );; line 107305 (wfb::source-text environment switzerland current_issues "air pollution from vehicle emissions and open air burning; acid rain; water pollution from increased use of agricultural fertilizers; loss of biodiversity" );; line 107310 (wfb::source-text environment switzerland natural_hazards "avalanches, landslides, flash floods" );; line 107314 (wfb::source-text environment switzerland international_agreements "party to - Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Sulphur 85, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Wetlands, Whaling; signed, but not ratified - Air Pollution-Sulphur 94, Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Desertification, Law of the Sea" );; line 107316 (wfb::source-text note switzerland "landlocked; crossroads of northern and southern Europe; along with southeastern France and northern Italy, contains the highest elevations in Europe" );; line 107326 (wfb::source-text population switzerland "7,084,984 (July 1995 est.)" );; line 107334 (wfb::source-text age_structure switzerland 0-14_years "17% (female 594,565; male 622,436)" );; line 107339 (wfb::source-text age_structure switzerland 15-64_years "68% (female 2,375,792; male 2,448,213)" );; line 107341 (wfb::source-text age_structure switzerland 65_years_and_over "15% (female 623,136; male 420,842) (July 1995 est.)" );; line 107343 (wfb::source-text population_growth_rate switzerland "0.57% (1995 est.)" );; line 107347 (wfb::source-text birth_rate switzerland "12.04 births/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 107351 (wfb::source-text death_rate switzerland "9.16 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 107355 (wfb::source-text net_migration_rate switzerland "2.82 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 107359 (wfb::source-text infant_mortality_rate switzerland "6.3 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.)" );; line 107363 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth switzerland total_population "78.36 years" );; line 107368 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth switzerland male "74.99 years" );; line 107370 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth switzerland female "81.88 years (1995 est.)" );; line 107372 (wfb::source-text total_fertility_rate switzerland "1.6 children born/woman (1995 est.)" );; line 107376 (wfb::source-text nationality switzerland noun "Swiss (singular and plural)" );; line 107381 (wfb::source-text nationality switzerland adjective "Swiss" );; line 107383 (wfb::source-text ethnic-entity switzerland total_population "German 65%, French 18%, Italian 10%, Romansch 1%, other 6%" );; line 107388 (wfb::source-text ethnic-entity switzerland swiss_nationals "German 74%, French 20%, Italian 4%, Romansch 1%, other 1%" );; line 107390 (wfb::source-text religion switzerland "Roman Catholic 47.6%, Protestant 44.3%, other 8.1% (1980)" );; line 107394 (wfb::source-text language switzerland "German 65%, French 18%, Italian 12%, Romansch 1%, other 4%" );; line 107398 (wfb::source-text literacy switzerland "age 15 and over can read and write (1980 est.)" );; line 107405 (wfb::source-text literacy switzerland total_population "99%" );; line 107407 (wfb::source-text total_labor_force switzerland "3.48 million (900,000 foreign workers, mostly Italian)" );; line 107411 (wfb::source-text labor_force_by_occupation switzerland by_occupation "services 50%, industry and crafts 34%, government 10%, agriculture and forestry 6% (1992)" );; line 107413 (wfb::source-text names switzerland conventional_long_form "Swiss Confederation" );; line 107420 (wfb::source-text names switzerland conventional_short_form "Switzerland" );; line 107422 (wfb::source-text names switzerland local_long_form "Schweizerische Eidgenossenschaft (German) Confederation Suisse (French) Confederazione Svizzera (Italian)" );; line 107424 (wfb::source-text names switzerland local_short_form "Schweiz (German) Suisse (French) Svizzera (Italian)" );; line 107427 (wfb::source-text digraph switzerland "SZ" );; line 107431 (wfb::source-text type switzerland "federal republic" );; line 107435 (wfb::source-text capital switzerland "Bern" );; line 107439 (wfb::source-text administrative_divisions switzerland "26 cantons (cantons, singular - canton in French; cantoni, singular - cantone in Italian; kantone, singular - kanton in German); Aargau, Ausser-Rhoden, Basel-Landschaft, Basel-Stadt, Bern, Fribourg, Geneve, Glarus, Graubunden, Inner-Rhoden, Jura, Luzern, Neuchatel, Nidwalden, Obwalden, Sankt Gallen, Schaffhausen, Schwyz, Solothurn, Thurgau, Ticino, Uri, Valais, Vaud, Zug, Zurich" );; line 107443 (wfb::source-text independence switzerland "1 August 1291" );; line 107452 (wfb::source-text national_holiday switzerland "Anniversary of the Founding of the Swiss Confederation, 1 August (1291)" );; line 107456 (wfb::source-text constitution switzerland "29 May 1874" );; line 107461 (wfb::source-text legal_system switzerland "civil law system influenced by customary law; judicial review of legislative acts, except with respect to federal decrees of general obligatory character; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations" );; line 107465 (wfb::source-text suffrage switzerland "18 years of age; universal" );; line 107471 (wfb::source-text executive_branch switzerland chief_of_state_and_head_of_government "President Kaspar VILLIGER (1995 calendar year; presidency rotates annually); Vice President Jean-Pascal DELAMURAZ (term runs concurrently with that of president)" );; line 107476 (wfb::source-text executive_branch switzerland cabinet "Federal Council (German - Bundesrat, French - Censeil Federal, Italian - Consiglio Federale); elected by the Federal Assembly from own members" );; line 107480 (wfb::source-text legislative_structure switzerland "bicameral Federal Assembly (German - Bundesversammlung, French - Assemblee Federale, Italian - Assemblea Federale)" );; line 107486 (wfb::source-text legislative_branch switzerland council_of_states "German - Standerat, French - Conseil des Etats, Italian - Consiglio degli Stati; elections last held throughout 1991 (next to be held NA 1995); results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (46 total) FDP 18, CVP 16, SVP 4, SPS 3, LPS 3, LdU 1, Ticino League 1" );; line 107489 (wfb::source-text legislative_branch switzerland national_council "German - Nationalrat, French - Conseil National, Italian - Consiglio Nazionale; elections last held 20 October 1991 (next to be held NA October 1995); results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (200 total) FDP 44, SPS 42, CVP 37, SVP 25, GPS 14, LPS 10, AP 8, LdU 6, SD 5, EVP 3, PdA 2, Ticino League 2, other 2" );; line 107494 (wfb::source-text judicial_branch switzerland "Federal Supreme Court" );; line 107502 (wfb::source-text political_parties_and_leaders switzerland "Free Democratic Party (FDP), Franz STEINEGGER, president; Social Democratic Party (SPS), Peter BODENMANN, president; Christian Democratic People's Party (CVP), Anton COTTIER, president; Swiss People's Party (SVP), Hans UHLMANN, president; Green Party (GPS), Verena DIENER, president; Freedom Party (FPS), Roland BORER, president; Liberal Party (LPS), Christoph EYMANN, president; Alliance of Independents' Party (LdU), Monica WEBER, president; Ticino League, Giuliano BIGNASCA, president; and other minor parties including the Automobile Party (AP), Swiss Democratic Party (SD), Workers' Party (PdA), and the Evangelical People's Party (EVP); note - see elections" );; line 107506 (wfb::source-text member_of switzerland "AfDB, AG (observer), AsDB, Australia Group, BIS, CCC, CE, CERN, EBRD, ECE, EFTA, ESA, FAO, G- 8, G-10, GATT, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, INMARSAT, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, MINURSO, MTCR, NAM (guest), NEA, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OSCE, PCA, UN (observer), UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNITAR, UNMIH, UNOMIG, UNPROFOR, UNTSO, UNU, UPU, WCL, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC" );; line 107518 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us switzerland chief_of_mission "Ambassador Carlo JAGMETTI" );; line 107528 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us switzerland chancery "2900 Cathedral Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008" );; line 107530 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us switzerland telephone "[1] (202) 745-7900" );; line 107532 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us switzerland fax "[1] (202) 387-2564" );; line 107534 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us switzerland |consulate(s) general| "Atlanta, Chicago, Houston, Los Angeles, New York, Pago Pago (American Samoa), and San Francisco" );; line 107536 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation switzerland chief_of_mission "Ambassador M. Larry LAWRENCE" );; line 107542 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation switzerland embassy "Jubilaeumstrasse 93, 3005 Bern" );; line 107544 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation switzerland mailing_address "use embassy street address" );; line 107546 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation switzerland telephone "[41] (31) 357 70 11" );; line 107548 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation switzerland fax "[41] (31) 357 73 44" );; line 107550 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation switzerland branch_office "Geneva" );; line 107552 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation switzerland |consulate(s) general| "Zurich" );; line 107554 (wfb::source-text flag switzerland "red square with a bold, equilateral white cross in the center that does not extend to the edges of the flag" );; line 107558 (wfb::source-text overview switzerland "Switzerland's economy - one of the most prosperous and stable in the world - is nonetheless undergoing a stressful adjustment after both the inflationary boom of the late 1980s and the electorate's rejection of membership in the European Economic Area (EEA) in 1992. So far the decision to remain outside the European single market structure does not appear to have harmed Swiss interests. In December 1994, the Swiss began bilateral negotiations with the EU aimed at establishing closer ties in areas of mutual interest and progressing toward the free circulation of persons, goods, capital, and services between the two parties. The Swiss emerged from a three-year recession in mid-1993 and posted 1.8% GDP growth in 1994. The Swiss central bank's tight monetary policies brought inflation down from about 4% in 1992 to just under 1% in 1994. Unemployment has fallen slightly from 5.1% in 1993 to 4.7% in 1994. Swiss per capita output, living standards, education, and health care remain unsurpassed in Europe. The country has few mineral resources, but its spectacular natural beauty sustains a substantial tourism industry." );; line 107564 (wfb::source-text national_product switzerland "GDP - purchasing power parity - $148.4 billion (1994 est.)" );; line 107583 (wfb::source-text national_product_real_growth_rate switzerland "1.8% (1994 est.)" );; line 107587 (wfb::source-text national_product_per_capita switzerland "$22,080 (1994 est.)" );; line 107591 (wfb::source-text |Inflation rate (consumer prices)| switzerland "0.9% (1994 est.)" );; line 107595 (wfb::source-text unemployment_rate switzerland "4.7% (1994 est.)" );; line 107599 (wfb::source-text budget switzerland revenues "$26.7 billion" );; line 107604 (wfb::source-text budget switzerland expenditures "$32 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA (1994 est.)" );; line 107606 (wfb::source-text exports switzerland "$69.6 billion (f.o.b., 1994 est.)" );; line 107610 (wfb::source-text exports switzerland commodities "machinery and equipment, precision instruments, metal products, foodstuffs, textiles and clothing" );; line 107612 (wfb::source-text exports switzerland partners "Western Europe 63.1% (EU countries 56%, other 7.1%), US 8.8%, Japan 3.4%" );; line 107615 (wfb::source-text imports switzerland "$68.2 billion (c.i.f., 1994 est.)" );; line 107620 (wfb::source-text imports switzerland commodities "agricultural products, machinery and transportation equipment, chemicals, textiles, construction materials" );; line 107622 (wfb::source-text imports switzerland partners "Western Europe 79.2% (EU countries 72.3%, other 6.9%), US 6.4%" );; line 107625 (wfb::source-text external_debt switzerland "$NA" );; line 107629 (wfb::source-text industrial_production switzerland "growth rate 0% (1993 est.)" );; line 107633 (wfb::source-text electricity switzerland capacity "15,430,000 kW" );; line 107638 (wfb::source-text electricity switzerland production "58 billion kWh" );; line 107640 (wfb::source-text electricity switzerland consumption_per_capita "6,699 kWh (1993)" );; line 107642 (wfb::source-text industry switzerland "machinery, chemicals, watches, textiles, precision instruments" );; line 107646 (wfb::source-text agriculture switzerland "dairy farming predominates; less than 50% self-sufficient in food; must import fish, refined sugar, fats and oils (other than butter), grains, eggs, fruits, vegetables, meat" );; line 107650 (wfb::source-text illicit_drugs switzerland "money-laundering center" );; line 107656 (wfb::source-text economic_aid switzerland donor "ODA and OOF commitments (1970-89), $3.5 billion" );; line 107661 (wfb::source-text currency switzerland "1 Swiss franc, franken, or franco (SwF) = 100 centimes, rappen, or centesimi" );; line 107665 (wfb::source-text exchange_rates switzerland "Swiss francs, franken, or franchi (SwF) per US$1 - 1.2880 (January 1995), 1.3677 (1994), 1.4776 (1993), 1.4062 (1992), 1.4340 (1991), 1.3892 (1990)" );; line 107670 (wfb::source-text fiscal_year switzerland "calendar year" );; line 107676 (wfb::source-text railroads switzerland total "5,763 km (1,432 km double track)" );; line 107682 (wfb::source-text railroads switzerland standard_gauge "3,533 km 1.435-m gauge (99% electrified; 560 km nongovernment owned)" );; line 107684 (wfb::source-text railroads switzerland narrow_gauge "1,094 km 1.000-m gauge (99% electrified; 1,020 km nongovernment owned)" );; line 107687 (wfb::source-text railroads switzerland other "1,136 km NA-m gauge (1994)" );; line 107690 (wfb::source-text highways switzerland total "71,118 km" );; line 107695 (wfb::source-text highways switzerland paved "71,118 km (including 1,514 km of expressways)" );; line 107697 (wfb::source-text inland_waterways switzerland "65 km; Rhine (Basel to Rheinfelden, Schaffhausen to Bodensee); 12 navigable lakes" );; line 107701 (wfb::source-text pipelines switzerland "crude oil 314 km; natural gas 1,506 km" );; line 107706 (wfb::source-text port switzerland "Basel" );; line 107710 (wfb::source-text merchant_marine switzerland total "22 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 374,935 GRT/669,353 DWT" );; line 107715 (wfb::source-text merchant_marine switzerland ships_by_type "bulk 12, cargo 2, chemical tanker 4, oil tanker 2, roll-on/roll-off cargo 1, specialized tanker 1" );; line 107717 (wfb::source-text airports switzerland total "69" );; line 107723 (wfb::source-text airports switzerland |with paved runways over 3,047 m| "4" );; line 107725 (wfb::source-text airports switzerland |with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m| "3" );; line 107727 (wfb::source-text airports switzerland |with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m| "14" );; line 107729 (wfb::source-text airports switzerland |with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m| "5" );; line 107731 (wfb::source-text airports switzerland with_paved_runways_under_914_m "42" );; line 107733 (wfb::source-text airports switzerland |with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m| "1" );; line 107735 (wfb::source-text telephone_system switzerland "5,890,000 telephones; excellent domestic, international, and broadcast services" );; line 107740 (wfb::source-text telephone_system switzerland local "NA" );; line 107743 (wfb::source-text telephone_system switzerland intercity "extensive cable and microwave networks" );; line 107745 (wfb::source-text telephone_system switzerland international "2 INTELSAT (Atlantic Ocean and Indian Ocean) earth stations" );; line 107747 (wfb::source-text radio switzerland broadcast_stations "AM 7, FM 265, shortwave 0" );; line 107752 (wfb::source-text radio switzerland radios "NA" );; line 107754 (wfb::source-text television switzerland broadcast_stations "18 (repeaters 1,322)" );; line 107759 (wfb::source-text television switzerland televisions "NA" );; line 107761 (wfb::source-text defense_branch switzerland "Army, Air Force and Antiaircraft Command" );; line 107767 (wfb::source-text manpower_availability switzerland "males age 15-49 1,847,639; males fit for military service 1,582,335; males reach military age (20) annually 41,831 (1995 est.)" );; line 107771 (wfb::source-text defense_expenditures switzerland "exchange rate conversion - $4.1 billion, 1.4% of GDP (1995)" );; line 107776 (wfb::source-text location syria "Middle East, bordering the Mediterranean Sea, between Lebanon and Turkey" );; line 107786 (wfb::source-text map_references syria "Middle East" );; line 107791 (wfb::source-text area syria total_area "185,180 sq km" );; line 107796 (wfb::source-text area syria land_area "184,050 sq km" );; line 107798 (wfb::source-text area syria comparative_area "slightly larger than North Dakota" );; line 107800 (wfb::source-text borders syria "total 2,253 km, Iraq 605 km, Israel 76 km, Jordan 375 km, Lebanon 375 km, Turkey 822 km" );; line 107806 (wfb::source-text coastline syria "193 km" );; line 107811 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims syria contiguous_zone "41 nm" );; line 107816 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims syria territorial_sea "35 nm" );; line 107818 (wfb::source-text international_disputes syria "separated from Israel by the 1949 Armistice Line; Golan Heights is Israeli occupied; Hatay question with Turkey; ongoing dispute over water development plans by Turkey for the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers; Syrian troops in northern Lebanon since October 1976" );; line 107822 (wfb::source-text climate syria "mostly desert; hot, dry, sunny summers (June to August) and mild, rainy winters (December to February) along coast; cold weather with snow or sleet periodically hits Damascus" );; line 107829 (wfb::source-text terrain syria "primarily semiarid and desert plateau; narrow coastal plain; mountains in west" );; line 107835 (wfb::source-text natural-resource syria "petroleum, phosphates, chrome and manganese ores, asphalt, iron ore, rock salt, marble, gypsum" );; line 107840 (wfb::source-text land_use syria arable_land "28%" );; line 107846 (wfb::source-text land_use syria permanent_crops "3%" );; line 107848 (wfb::source-text land_use syria meadows_and_pastures "46%" );; line 107850 (wfb::source-text land_use syria forest_and_woodland "3%" );; line 107852 (wfb::source-text land_use syria other "20%" );; line 107854 (wfb::source-text irrigated_land syria "10,000 sq km (1992)" );; line 107858 (wfb::source-text environment syria current_issues "deforestation; overgrazing; soil erosion; desertification; water pollution from dumping of raw sewage and wastes from petroleum refining; inadequate supplies of potable water" );; line 107863 (wfb::source-text environment syria natural_hazards "dust storms, sandstorms" );; line 107867 (wfb::source-text environment syria international_agreements "party to - Hazardous Wastes, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution; signed, but not ratified - Biodiversity, Desertification, Environmental Modification" );; line 107869 (wfb::source-text note syria "there are 42 Jewish settlements and civilian land use sites in the Israeli-occupied Golan Heights (August 1994 est.)" );; line 107875 (wfb::source-text population syria "15,451,917 (July 1995 est.)" );; line 107882 (wfb::source-text age_structure syria 0-14_years "48% (female 3,639,776; male 3,826,154)" );; line 107891 (wfb::source-text age_structure syria 15-64_years "49% (female 3,691,862; male 3,854,989)" );; line 107893 (wfb::source-text age_structure syria 65_years_and_over "3% (female 219,251; male 219,885) (July 1995 est.)" );; line 107895 (wfb::source-text population_growth_rate syria "3.71% (1995 est.)" );; line 107899 (wfb::source-text birth_rate syria "43.21 births/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 107903 (wfb::source-text death_rate syria "6.07 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 107907 (wfb::source-text net_migration_rate syria "0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 107911 (wfb::source-text infant_mortality_rate syria "41.1 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.)" );; line 107915 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth syria total_population "66.81 years" );; line 107920 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth syria male "65.67 years" );; line 107922 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth syria female "68.01 years (1995 est.)" );; line 107924 (wfb::source-text total_fertility_rate syria "6.55 children born/woman (1995 est.)" );; line 107928 (wfb::source-text nationality syria noun "Syrian(s)" );; line 107933 (wfb::source-text nationality syria adjective "Syrian" );; line 107935 (wfb::source-text ethnic-entity syria "Arab 90.3%, Kurds, Armenians, and other 9.7%" );; line 107939 (wfb::source-text religion syria "Sunni Muslim 74%, Alawite, Druze, and other Muslim sects 16%, Christian (various sects) 10%, Jewish (tiny communities in Damascus, Al Qamishli, and Aleppo)" );; line 107943 (wfb::source-text language syria "Arabic (official), Kurdish, Armenian, Aramaic, Circassian, French widely understood" );; line 107949 (wfb::source-text literacy syria "age 15 and over can read and write (1990 est.)" );; line 107954 (wfb::source-text literacy syria total_population "64%" );; line 107956 (wfb::source-text literacy syria male "78%" );; line 107958 (wfb::source-text literacy syria female "51%" );; line 107960 (wfb::source-text total_labor_force syria "4.3 million (1994 est.)" );; line 107964 (wfb::source-text labor_force_by_occupation syria by_occupation "miscellaneous and government services 36%, agriculture 32%, industry and construction 32%; note - shortage of skilled labor (1984)" );; line 107966 (wfb::source-text names syria conventional_long_form "Syrian Arab Republic" );; line 107973 (wfb::source-text names syria conventional_short_form "Syria" );; line 107975 (wfb::source-text names syria local_long_form "Al Jumhuriyah al Arabiyah as Suriyah" );; line 107977 (wfb::source-text names syria local_short_form "Suriyah" );; line 107979 (wfb::source-text names syria former "United Arab Republic (with Egypt)" );; line 107981 (wfb::source-text digraph syria "SY" );; line 107985 (wfb::source-text type syria "republic under leftwing military regime since March 1963" );; line 107989 (wfb::source-text capital syria "Damascus" );; line 107993 (wfb::source-text administrative_divisions syria "14 provinces (muhafazat, singular - muhafazah); Al Hasakah, Al Ladhiqiyah, Al Qunaytirah, Ar Raqqah, As Suwayda', Dar'a, Dayr az Zawr, Dimashq, Halab, Hamah, Hims, Idlib, Rif Dimashq, Tartus" );; line 107997 (wfb::source-text independence syria "17 April 1946 (from League of Nations mandate under French administration)" );; line 108003 (wfb::source-text national_holiday syria "National Day, 17 April (1946)" );; line 108008 (wfb::source-text constitution syria "13 March 1973" );; line 108012 (wfb::source-text legal_system syria "based on Islamic law and civil law system; special religious courts; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction" );; line 108016 (wfb::source-text suffrage syria "18 years of age; universal" );; line 108021 (wfb::source-text executive_branch syria chief_of_state "President Hafiz al-ASAD (since 22 February 1971 see note); Vice Presidents 'Abd al-Halim ibn Said KHADDAM, Rif'at al-ASAD, and Muhammad Zuhayr MASHARIQA (since 11 March 1984); election last held 2 December 1991 (next to be held NA December 1998); results - President Hafiz al-ASAD was reelected for a fourth seven-year term with 99.98% of the vote; note - President ASAD seized power in the November 1970 coup, assumed presidential powers 22 February 1971, and was confirmed as president in the 12 March 1971 national elections" );; line 108026 (wfb::source-text executive_branch syria head_of_government "Prime Minister Mahmud ZU'BI (since 1 November 1987); Deputy Prime Minister Lt. Gen. Mustafa TALAS (since 11 March 1984); Deputy Prime Minister Salim YASIN (since NA December 1981); Deputy Prime Minister Rashid AKHTARINI (since 4 July 1992)" );; line 108035 (wfb::source-text executive_branch syria cabinet "Council of Ministers; appointed by the president" );; line 108040 (wfb::source-text legislative_structure syria "unicameral" );; line 108044 (wfb::source-text legislative_branch syria |People's Council (Majlis al-Chaab)| "elections last held 24-25 August 1994 (next to be held NA); results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (250 total) National Progressive Front 167, independents 83" );; line 108046 (wfb::source-text judicial_branch syria "Supreme Constitutional Court, High Judicial Council, Court of Cassation, State Security Courts" );; line 108052 (wfb::source-text political_parties_and_leaders syria national_progressive_front_includes "the ruling Arab Socialist Resurrectionist (Ba'th) Party, Hafiz al-ASAD, President of the Republic, Secretary General of the party, and Chairman of the National Progressive Front; Syrian Arab Socialist Party (ASP), 'Abd al-Ghani KANNUT; Arab Socialist Union (ASU), Jamal ATASSI; Syrian Communist Party (SCP), Khalid BAKDASH; Arab Socialist Unionist Movement, Sami SOUFAN; and Democratic Socialist Union Party, leader NA" );; line 108058 (wfb::source-text other_political_or_pressure_groups syria "non-Ba'th parties have little effective political influence; Communist party ineffective; conservative religious leaders; Muslim Brotherhood" );; line 108067 (wfb::source-text member_of syria "ABEDA, AFESD, AL, AMF, CAEU, CCC, ESCWA, FAO, G-24, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, ISO, ITU, NAM, OAPEC, OIC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNRWA, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WMO, WTO" );; line 108072 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us syria chief_of_mission "Ambassador Walid MUALEM" );; line 108080 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us syria chancery "2215 Wyoming Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008" );; line 108082 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us syria telephone "[1] (202) 232-6313" );; line 108084 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us syria fax "[1] (202) 234-9548" );; line 108086 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation syria chief_of_mission "Ambassador Christopher W. S. ROSS" );; line 108091 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation syria embassy "Abou Roumaneh, Al-Mansur Street No. 2, Damascus" );; line 108093 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation syria mailing_address "P. O. Box 29, Damascus" );; line 108095 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation syria telephone "[963] (11) 333-2814, 714-108, 333-3788" );; line 108097 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation syria fax "[963] (11) 224-7938" );; line 108099 (wfb::source-text flag syria "three equal horizontal bands of red (top), white, and black with two small green five-pointed stars in a horizontal line centered in the white band; similar to the flag of Yemen, which has a plain white band and of Iraq, which has three green stars (plus an Arabic inscription) in a horizontal line centered in the white band; also similar to the flag of Egypt, which has a symbolic eagle centered in the white band" );; line 108103 (wfb::source-text overview syria "In 1990-93 Syria's state-dominated Ba'thist economy benefited from the Gulf war, increased oil production, good weather, and economic deregulation. Economic growth averaged roughly 10%. The Gulf war provided Syria an aid windfall of nearly $5 billion dollars from Arab, European, and Japanese donors. However, the benefits of the 1990-93 boom were not evenly distributed and the gap between rich and poor is widening. A nationwide financial scandal and increasing inflation were accompanied by a decline in GDP growth to 4% in 1994. For the long run, Syria's economy is still saddled with a large number of poorly performing public sector firms, and industrial productivity remains to be improved. Oil production is likely to fall off dramatically by the end of the decade. Unemployment will become a problem for the government when the more than 60% of the population under the age of 20 enter the labor force." );; line 108113 (wfb::source-text national_product syria "GDP - purchasing power parity - $74.4 billion (1994 est.)" );; line 108129 (wfb::source-text national_product_real_growth_rate syria "4% (1994 est.)" );; line 108133 (wfb::source-text national_product_per_capita syria "$5,000 (1994 est.)" );; line 108137 (wfb::source-text |Inflation rate (consumer prices)| syria "16.3% (1993 est.)" );; line 108141 (wfb::source-text unemployment_rate syria "7.5% (1993 est.)" );; line 108145 (wfb::source-text budget syria "NA" );; line 108149 (wfb::source-text exports syria "$3.6 billion (f.o.b., 1994 est.)" );; line 108153 (wfb::source-text exports syria commodities "petroleum 53%, textiles 22%, cotton, fruits and vegetables, wheat, barley, chickens" );; line 108155 (wfb::source-text exports syria partners "EC 48%, former CEMA countries 24%, Arab countries 18% (1991)" );; line 108158 (wfb::source-text imports syria "$4 billion (c.i.f., 1994 est.)" );; line 108162 (wfb::source-text imports syria commodities "foodstuffs 21%, metal products 17%, machinery 15%" );; line 108164 (wfb::source-text imports syria partners "EC 37%, former CEMA countries 15%, US and Canada 10% (1991)" );; line 108166 (wfb::source-text external_debt syria "$19.4 billion (1993 est.)" );; line 108170 (wfb::source-text industrial_production syria "growth rate NA%" );; line 108174 (wfb::source-text electricity syria capacity "4,160,000 kW" );; line 108179 (wfb::source-text electricity syria production "13.2 billion kWh" );; line 108181 (wfb::source-text electricity syria consumption_per_capita "865 kWh (1993)" );; line 108183 (wfb::source-text industry syria "textiles, food processing, beverages, tobacco, phosphate rock mining, petroleum" );; line 108187 (wfb::source-text agriculture syria "accounts for 30% of GDP and one-third of labor force; all major crops (wheat, barley, cotton, lentils, chickpeas) grown mainly on rain-watered land causing wide swings in production; animal products - beef, lamb, eggs, poultry, milk; not self-sufficient in grain or livestock products" );; line 108192 (wfb::source-text illicit_drugs syria "a transit country for Lebanese and Turkish refined cocaine going to Europe and heroin and hashish bound for regional and Western markets" );; line 108199 (wfb::source-text economic_aid syria recipient "no US aid; about $4.2 billion in loans and grants from Arab and Western donors 1990-92 as a result of Gulf war stance" );; line 108205 (wfb::source-text currency syria "1 Syrian pound (#S) = 100 piastres" );; line 108210 (wfb::source-text exchange_rates syria "Syrian pounds (#S) per US$1 - 11.2 (official fixed rate), 26.6 (blended rate used by the UN and diplomatic missions), 42.0 (neighboring country rate - applies to most state enterprise imports), 46.0 - 53.0 (offshore rate) (yearend 1993)" );; line 108214 (wfb::source-text fiscal_year syria "calendar year" );; line 108221 (wfb::source-text railroads syria total "1,998 km" );; line 108227 (wfb::source-text railroads syria broad_gauge "1,766 km 1.435-m gauge" );; line 108229 (wfb::source-text railroads syria narrow_gauge "232 km 1.050-m gauge" );; line 108231 (wfb::source-text highways syria total "31,569 km" );; line 108236 (wfb::source-text highways syria paved "24,308 km (including 670 km of expressways)" );; line 108238 (wfb::source-text highways syria unpaved "7,261 km" );; line 108240 (wfb::source-text inland_waterways syria "870 km; minimal economic importance" );; line 108244 (wfb::source-text pipelines syria "crude oil 1,304 km; petroleum products 515 km" );; line 108248 (wfb::source-text port syria "Baniyas, Jablah, Latakia, Tartus" );; line 108252 (wfb::source-text merchant_marine syria total "80 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 233,701 GRT/364,714 DWT" );; line 108257 (wfb::source-text merchant_marine syria ships_by_type "bulk 10, cargo 68, vehicle carrier 2" );; line 108259 (wfb::source-text airports syria total "107" );; line 108264 (wfb::source-text airports syria |with paved runways over 3,047 m| "5" );; line 108266 (wfb::source-text airports syria |with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m| "16" );; line 108268 (wfb::source-text airports syria |with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m| "1" );; line 108270 (wfb::source-text airports syria with_paved_runways_under_914_m "67" );; line 108272 (wfb::source-text airports syria |with unpaved runways 1,524 to 2,438 m| "3" );; line 108274 (wfb::source-text airports syria |with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m| "15" );; line 108276 (wfb::source-text telephone_system syria "512,600 telephones; 37 telephones/1,000 persons; fair system currently undergoing significant improvement and digital upgrades, including fiber optic technology" );; line 108281 (wfb::source-text telephone_system syria local "NA" );; line 108285 (wfb::source-text telephone_system syria intercity "coaxial cable and microwave radio relay network" );; line 108287 (wfb::source-text telephone_system syria international "1 INTELSAT (Indian Ocean) and 1 Intersputnik earth station; 1 submarine cable; coaxial cable and microwave radio relay to Iraq, Jordan, Lebanon, and Turkey" );; line 108289 (wfb::source-text radio syria broadcast_stations "AM 9, FM 1, shortwave 0" );; line 108296 (wfb::source-text radio syria radios "NA" );; line 108298 (wfb::source-text television syria broadcast_stations "17" );; line 108303 (wfb::source-text television syria televisions "NA" );; line 108305 (wfb::source-text defense_branch syria "Syrian Arab Army, Syrian Arab Navy, Syrian Arab Air Force, Syrian Arab Air Defense Forces, Police and Security Force" );; line 108311 (wfb::source-text manpower_availability syria "males age 15-49 3,440,030; males fit for military service 1,927,930; males reach military age (19) annually 159,942 (1995 est.)" );; line 108316 (wfb::source-text defense_expenditures syria "exchange rate conversion - $2.2 billion, 6% of GDP (1992)" );; line 108321 (wfb::source-text location taiwan "Eastern Asia, islands bordering the East China Sea, Philippine Sea, South China Sea, and Taiwan Strait, north of the Philippines, off the southeastern coast of China" );; line 108332 (wfb::source-text map_references taiwan "Southeast Asia" );; line 108338 (wfb::source-text area taiwan total_area "35,980 sq km" );; line 108343 (wfb::source-text area taiwan land_area "32,260 sq km" );; line 108345 (wfb::source-text area taiwan comparative_area "slightly larger than Maryland and Delaware combined" );; line 108347 (wfb::source-text borders taiwan "0 km" );; line 108353 (wfb::source-text coastline taiwan "1,448 km" );; line 108357 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims taiwan exclusive_economic_zone "200 nm" );; line 108362 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims taiwan territorial_sea "12 nm" );; line 108364 (wfb::source-text international_disputes taiwan "involved in complex dispute over the Spratly Islands with China, Malaysia, Philippines, Vietnam, and possibly Brunei; Paracel Islands occupied by China, but claimed by Vietnam and Taiwan; Japanese-administered Senkaku-shoto (Senkaku Islands/Diaoyu Tai) claimed by China and Taiwan" );; line 108368 (wfb::source-text climate taiwan "tropical; marine; rainy season during southwest monsoon (June to August); cloudiness is persistent and extensive all year" );; line 108375 (wfb::source-text terrain taiwan "eastern two-thirds mostly rugged mountains; flat to gently rolling plains in west" );; line 108380 (wfb::source-text natural-resource taiwan "small deposits of coal, natural gas, limestone, marble, and asbestos" );; line 108385 (wfb::source-text land_use taiwan arable_land "24%" );; line 108391 (wfb::source-text land_use taiwan permanent_crops "1%" );; line 108393 (wfb::source-text land_use taiwan meadows_and_pastures "5%" );; line 108395 (wfb::source-text land_use taiwan forest_and_woodland "55%" );; line 108397 (wfb::source-text land_use taiwan other "15%" );; line 108399 (wfb::source-text irrigated_land taiwan "NA sq km" );; line 108403 (wfb::source-text environment taiwan current_issues "water pollution from industrial emissions, raw sewage; air pollution; contamination of drinking water supplies; trade in endangered species" );; line 108408 (wfb::source-text environment taiwan natural_hazards "earthquakes and typhoons" );; line 108411 (wfb::source-text environment taiwan international_agreements "signed, but not ratified - Marine Life Conservation" );; line 108413 (wfb::source-text population taiwan "21,500,583 (July 1995 est.)" );; line 108419 (wfb::source-text age_structure taiwan 0-14_years "24% (female 2,543,134; male 2,665,878)" );; line 108424 (wfb::source-text age_structure taiwan 15-64_years "68% (female 7,191,964; male 7,482,814)" );; line 108426 (wfb::source-text age_structure taiwan 65_years_and_over "8% (female 734,535; male 882,258) (July 1995 est.)" );; line 108428 (wfb::source-text population_growth_rate taiwan "0.93% (1995 est.)" );; line 108432 (wfb::source-text birth_rate taiwan "15.33 births/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 108436 (wfb::source-text death_rate taiwan "5.71 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 108440 (wfb::source-text net_migration_rate taiwan "-0.37 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 108444 (wfb::source-text infant_mortality_rate taiwan "5.6 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.)" );; line 108448 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth taiwan total_population "75.47 years" );; line 108453 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth taiwan male "72.17 years" );; line 108455 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth taiwan female "78.93 years (1995 est.)" );; line 108457 (wfb::source-text total_fertility_rate taiwan "1.81 children born/woman (1995 est.)" );; line 108461 (wfb::source-text nationality taiwan noun "Chinese (singular and plural)" );; line 108466 (wfb::source-text nationality taiwan adjective "Chinese" );; line 108468 (wfb::source-text ethnic-entity taiwan "Taiwanese 84%, mainland Chinese 14%, aborigine 2%" );; line 108472 (wfb::source-text religion taiwan "mixture of Buddhist, Confucian, and Taoist 93%, Christian 4.5%, other 2.5%" );; line 108476 (wfb::source-text language taiwan "Mandarin Chinese (official), Taiwanese (Min), Hakka dialects" );; line 108481 (wfb::source-text literacy taiwan "age 15 and over can read and write (1980)" );; line 108485 (wfb::source-text literacy taiwan total_population "86%" );; line 108487 (wfb::source-text literacy taiwan male "93%" );; line 108489 (wfb::source-text literacy taiwan female "79%" );; line 108491 (wfb::source-text total_labor_force taiwan "7.9 million" );; line 108495 (wfb::source-text labor_force_by_occupation taiwan by_occupation "industry and commerce 53%, services 22%, agriculture 15.6%, civil administration 7% (1989)" );; line 108497 (wfb::source-text names taiwan conventional_long_form "none" );; line 108504 (wfb::source-text names taiwan conventional_short_form "Taiwan" );; line 108506 (wfb::source-text names taiwan local_long_form "none" );; line 108508 (wfb::source-text names taiwan local_short_form "T'ai-wan" );; line 108510 (wfb::source-text digraph taiwan "TW" );; line 108514 (wfb::source-text type taiwan "multiparty democratic regime; opposition political parties legalized in March, 1989" );; line 108518 (wfb::source-text capital taiwan "Taipei" );; line 108523 (wfb::source-text administrative_divisions taiwan "some of the ruling party in Taipei claim to be the government of all China; in keeping with that claim, the central administrative divisions include 2 provinces (sheng, singular and plural) and 2 municipalities* (shih, singular and plural) - Fu-chien (some 20 offshore islands of Fujian Province including Quemoy and Matsu), Kao-hsiung*, T'ai-pei*, and Taiwan (the island of Taiwan and the Pescadores islands); the more commonly referenced administrative divisions are those of Taiwan Province - 16 counties (hsien, singular and plural), 5 municipalities* (shih, singular and plural), and 2 special municipalities** (chuan-shih, singular and plural); Chang-hua, Chia-i, Chia-i*, Chi-lung*, Hsin-chu, Hsin-chu*, Hua-lien, I-lan, Kao-hsiung, Kao-hsiung**, Miao-li, Nan-t'ou, P'eng-hu, P'ing-tung, T'ai-chung, T'ai-chung*, T'ai-nan, T'ai-nan*, T'ai-pei, T'ai-pei**, T'ai-tung, T'ao-yuan, and Yun-lin; the provincial capital is at Chung-hsing-hsin-ts'un" );; line 108527 (wfb::source-text national_holiday taiwan "National Day, 10 October (1911) (Anniversary of the Revolution)" );; line 108545 (wfb::source-text constitution taiwan "1 January 1947, amended in 1992, presently undergoing revision" );; line 108549 (wfb::source-text legal_system taiwan "based on civil law system; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations" );; line 108553 (wfb::source-text suffrage taiwan "20 years of age; universal" );; line 108558 (wfb::source-text executive_branch taiwan chief_of_state "President LI Teng-hui (since 13 January 1988); Vice President LI Yuan-zu (since 20 May 1990)" );; line 108563 (wfb::source-text executive_branch taiwan head_of_government "Premier (President of the Executive Yuan) LIEN Chan (since 23 February 1993); Vice Premier (Vice President of the Executive Yuan) HSU Li-teh (since 23 February 1993); presidential election last held 21 March 1990 (next election will probably be a direct popular election and will be held NA March 1996); results - President LI Teng-hui was reelected by the National Assembly; vice presidential election last held 21 March 1990; results - LI Yuan-zu was elected by the National Assembly" );; line 108566 (wfb::source-text executive_branch taiwan cabinet "Executive Yuan; appointed by the president" );; line 108574 (wfb::source-text legislative_structure taiwan "unicameral Legislative Yuan and unicameral National Assembly" );; line 108578 (wfb::source-text legislative_branch taiwan legislative_yuan "elections last held 19 December 1992 (next to be held NA December 1995); results - KMT 60%, DPP 31%, independents 9%; seats - (304 total, 161 elected) KMT 96, DPP 50, independents 15" );; line 108580 (wfb::source-text legislative_branch taiwan national_assembly "first National Assembly elected in November 1946 with a supplementary election in December 1986; second and present National Assembly elected in December 1991; seats - (403 total) KMT 318, DPP 75, other 10; (next election to be held probably in 1996 and will be a direct popular election)" );; line 108584 (wfb::source-text judicial_branch taiwan "Judicial Yuan" );; line 108591 (wfb::source-text political_parties_and_leaders taiwan "Kuomintang (KMT, Nationalist Party), LI Teng-hui, chairman; Democratic Progressive Party (DPP), SHIH Ming-teh, chairman; Chinese New Party (CNP); Labor Party (LP)" );; line 108595 (wfb::source-text other_political_or_pressure_groups taiwan "Taiwan independence movement, various environmental groups" );; line 108601 (wfb::source-text member_of taiwan "expelled from UN General Assembly and Security Council on 25 October 1971 and withdrew on same date from other charter-designated subsidiary organs; expelled from IMF/World Bank group April/May 1980; seeking to join GATT; attempting to retain membership in INTELSAT; suspended from IAEA in 1972, but still allows IAEA controls over extensive atomic development, APEC, AsDB, BCIE, ICC, IOC, WCL" );; line 108616 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us taiwan "none; unofficial commercial and cultural relations with the people of the US are maintained through a private instrumentality, the Taipei Economic and Cultural Representative Office (TECRO) with headquarters in Taipei and field offices in Washington and 10 other US cities" );; line 108625 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation taiwan "unofficial commercial and cultural relations with the people of Taiwan are maintained through a private institution, the American Institute in Taiwan (AIT), which has offices in Taipei at #7, Lane 134, Hsin Yi Road, Section 3, telephone [886] (2) 709-2000, and in Kao-hsiung at #2 Chung Cheng 3d Road, telephone [886] (7) 224-0154 through 0157, and the American Trade Center at Room 3207 International Trade Building, Taipei World Trade Center, 333 Keelung Road Section 1, Taipei 10548, telephone [886] (2) 720-1550" );; line 108632 (wfb::source-text flag taiwan "red with a dark blue rectangle in the upper hoist-side corner bearing a white sun with 12 triangular rays" );; line 108642 (wfb::source-text overview taiwan "Taiwan has a dynamic capitalist economy with considerable government guidance of investment and foreign trade and partial government ownership of some large banks and industrial firms. Real growth in GNP has averaged about 9% a year during the past three decades. Export growth has been even faster and has provided the impetus for industrialization. Inflation and unemployment are remarkably low. Agriculture contributes about 4% to GDP, down from 35% in 1952. Taiwan currently ranks as number 13 among major trading countries. Traditional labor-intensive industries are steadily being replaced with more capital- and technology-intensive industries. Taiwan has become a major investor in China, Thailand, Indonesia, the Philippines, Malaysia, and Vietnam. The tightening of labor markets has led to an influx of foreign workers, both legal and illegal." );; line 108648 (wfb::source-text national_product taiwan "GDP - purchasing power parity - $257 billion (1994 est.)" );; line 108663 (wfb::source-text national_product_real_growth_rate taiwan "6% (1994 est.)" );; line 108667 (wfb::source-text national_product_per_capita taiwan "$12,070 (1994 est.)" );; line 108671 (wfb::source-text |Inflation rate (consumer prices)| taiwan "5.2% (1994 est.)" );; line 108675 (wfb::source-text unemployment_rate taiwan "1.6% (1994)" );; line 108679 (wfb::source-text budget taiwan revenues "$30.3 billion" );; line 108684 (wfb::source-text budget taiwan expenditures "$30.1 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA (1991 est.)" );; line 108686 (wfb::source-text exports taiwan "$93 billion (f.o.b., 1994)" );; line 108690 (wfb::source-text exports taiwan commodities "electrical machinery 19.7%, electronic products 19.6%, textiles 10.9%, footwear 3.3%, foodstuffs 1.0%, plywood and wood products 0.9% (1993 est.)" );; line 108692 (wfb::source-text exports taiwan partners "US 27.6%, Hong Kong 21.7%, EC countries 15.2%, Japan 10.5% (1994 est.)" );; line 108696 (wfb::source-text imports taiwan "$85.1 billion (c.i.f., 1994)" );; line 108701 (wfb::source-text imports taiwan commodities "machinery and equipment 15.7%, electronic products 15.6%, chemicals 9.8%, iron and steel 8.5%, crude oil 3.9%, foodstuffs 2.1% (1993 est.)" );; line 108703 (wfb::source-text imports taiwan partners "Japan 30.1%, US 21.7%, EC countries 17.6% (1993 est.)" );; line 108706 (wfb::source-text external_debt taiwan "$620 million (1992 est.)" );; line 108710 (wfb::source-text industrial_production taiwan "growth rate 4.5% (1994 est.); accounts for more than 40% of GDP" );; line 108714 (wfb::source-text electricity taiwan capacity "21,460,000 kW" );; line 108719 (wfb::source-text electricity taiwan production "108 billion kWh" );; line 108721 (wfb::source-text electricity taiwan consumption_per_capita "4,789 kWh (1993)" );; line 108723 (wfb::source-text industry taiwan "electronics, textiles, chemicals, clothing, food processing, plywood, sugar milling, cement, shipbuilding, petroleum refining" );; line 108727 (wfb::source-text agriculture taiwan "accounts for 4% of GDP and 16% of labor force (includes part-time farmers); heavily subsidized sector; major crops - vegetables, rice, fruit, tea; livestock - hogs, poultry, beef, milk; not self-sufficient in wheat, soybeans, corn; fish catch increasing, reached 1.4 million metric tons in 1988" );; line 108732 (wfb::source-text illicit_drugs taiwan "an important heroin transit point; also a major drug money laundering center" );; line 108739 (wfb::source-text economic_aid taiwan recipient "US, including Ex-Im (FY46-82), $4.6 billion; Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-89), $500 million" );; line 108745 (wfb::source-text currency taiwan "1 New Taiwan dollar (NT$) = 100 cents" );; line 108750 (wfb::source-text exchange_rates taiwan "New Taiwan dollars per US$1 - 26.2 (1994), 26.6 (1993), 25.4 (1992), 25.748 (1991), 27.108 (1990), 26.407 (1989)" );; line 108754 (wfb::source-text fiscal_year taiwan "1 July - 30 June" );; line 108759 (wfb::source-text railroads taiwan total "4,600 km; note - 1,075 km in common carrier service and about 3,525 km is dedicated to industrial use" );; line 108765 (wfb::source-text railroads taiwan narrow_gauge "4,600 km 1.067-m" );; line 108768 (wfb::source-text highways taiwan total "20,041 km" );; line 108773 (wfb::source-text highways taiwan paved "bituminous, concrete pavement 17,095 km" );; line 108775 (wfb::source-text highways taiwan unpaved "crushed stone, gravel 2,371 km; graded earth 575 km" );; line 108777 (wfb::source-text pipelines taiwan "petroleum products 615 km; natural gas 97 km" );; line 108781 (wfb::source-text port taiwan "Chi-lung (Keelung), Hua-lien, Kao-hsiung, Su-ao, T'ai-chung" );; line 108785 (wfb::source-text merchant_marine taiwan total "198 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 5,635,682 GRT/8,652,111 DWT" );; line 108790 (wfb::source-text merchant_marine taiwan ships_by_type "bulk 55, cargo 30, chemical tanker 1, combination bulk 2, combination ore/oil 1, container 78, oil tanker 17, passenger-cargo 1, refrigerated cargo 12, roll-on/roll-off cargo 1" );; line 108793 (wfb::source-text airports taiwan total "41" );; line 108800 (wfb::source-text airports taiwan |with paved runways over 3,047 m| "8" );; line 108802 (wfb::source-text airports taiwan |with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m| "11" );; line 108804 (wfb::source-text airports taiwan |with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m| "6" );; line 108806 (wfb::source-text airports taiwan |with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m| "6" );; line 108808 (wfb::source-text airports taiwan with_paved_runways_under_914_m "8" );; line 108810 (wfb::source-text airports taiwan |with unpaved runways 1,524 to 2,438 m| "2" );; line 108812 (wfb::source-text telephone_system taiwan "7,800,000 telephones; best developed system in Asia outside of Japan" );; line 108817 (wfb::source-text telephone_system taiwan local "NA" );; line 108820 (wfb::source-text telephone_system taiwan intercity "extensive microwave radio relay links on east and west coasts" );; line 108822 (wfb::source-text telephone_system taiwan international "2 INTELSAT (1 Pacific Ocean and 1 Indian Ocean) earth stations; submarine cable links to Japan (Okinawa), Philippines, Guam, Singapore, Hong Kong, Indonesia, Australia, Middle East, and Western Europe" );; line 108824 (wfb::source-text radio taiwan broadcast_stations "AM 91, FM 23, shortwave 0" );; line 108831 (wfb::source-text radio taiwan radios "8.62 million" );; line 108833 (wfb::source-text television taiwan broadcast_stations "15 (repeaters 13)" );; line 108838 (wfb::source-text television taiwan televisions "6.386 million (color 5,680,000, monochrome 706,000)" );; line 108840 (wfb::source-text defense_branch taiwan "Army, Navy (includes Marines), Air Force, Coastal Patrol and Defense Command, Armed Forces Reserve Command, Military Police Command" );; line 108846 (wfb::source-text manpower_availability taiwan "males age 15-49 6,293,884; males fit for military service 4,863,014; males reach military age (19) annually 201,191 (1995 est.)" );; line 108851 (wfb::source-text defense_expenditures taiwan "exchange rate conversion - $9.8 billion, 3.4% of GDP (FY94/95); $9.77 billion proposed for FY95/96 budget" );; line 108856 (wfb::source-text location tajikistan "Central Asia, west of China" );; line 108879 (wfb::source-text map_references tajikistan "Commonwealth of Independent States - Central Asian States" );; line 108883 (wfb::source-text area tajikistan total_area "143,100 sq km" );; line 108888 (wfb::source-text area tajikistan land_area "142,700 sq km" );; line 108890 (wfb::source-text area tajikistan comparative_area "slightly smaller than Wisconsin" );; line 108892 (wfb::source-text borders tajikistan "total 3,651 km, Afghanistan 1,206 km, China 414 km, Kyrgyzstan 870 km, Uzbekistan 1,161 km" );; line 108896 (wfb::source-text coastline tajikistan "0 km (landlocked)" );; line 108901 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims tajikistan "none; landlocked" );; line 108905 (wfb::source-text international_disputes tajikistan "boundary with China in dispute; territorial dispute with Kyrgyzstan on northern boundary in Isfara Valley area; Afghanistan's and other foreign support to Tajik rebels based in northern Afghanistan" );; line 108909 (wfb::source-text climate tajikistan "midlatitude continental, hot summers, mild winters; semiarid to polar in Pamir Mountains" );; line 108915 (wfb::source-text terrain tajikistan "Pamir and Altay Mountains dominate landscape; western Fergana Valley in north, Kofarnihon and Vakhsh Valleys in southwest" );; line 108920 (wfb::source-text natural-resource tajikistan "significant hydropower potential, some petroleum, uranium, mercury, brown coal, lead, zinc, antimony, tungsten" );; line 108925 (wfb::source-text land_use tajikistan arable_land "6%" );; line 108931 (wfb::source-text land_use tajikistan permanent_crops "0%" );; line 108933 (wfb::source-text land_use tajikistan meadows_and_pastures "23%" );; line 108935 (wfb::source-text land_use tajikistan forest_and_woodland "0%" );; line 108937 (wfb::source-text land_use tajikistan other "71%" );; line 108939 (wfb::source-text irrigated_land tajikistan "6,940 sq km (1990)" );; line 108943 (wfb::source-text environment tajikistan current_issues "inadequate sanitation facilities; increasing levels of soil salinity; industrial pollution; excessive pesticides; part of the basin of the shrinking Aral Sea which suffers from severe overutilization of available water for irrigation and associated pollution" );; line 108948 (wfb::source-text environment tajikistan natural_hazards "NA" );; line 108953 (wfb::source-text environment tajikistan international_agreements "NA" );; line 108955 (wfb::source-text note tajikistan "landlocked" );; line 108959 (wfb::source-text population tajikistan "6,155,474 (July 1995 est.)" );; line 108965 (wfb::source-text age_structure tajikistan 0-14_years "43% (female 1,303,627; male 1,340,086)" );; line 108970 (wfb::source-text age_structure tajikistan 15-64_years "53% (female 1,612,429; male 1,624,379)" );; line 108972 (wfb::source-text age_structure tajikistan 65_years_and_over "4% (female 157,841; male 117,112) (July 1995 est.)" );; line 108974 (wfb::source-text population_growth_rate tajikistan "2.6% (1995 est.)" );; line 108978 (wfb::source-text birth_rate tajikistan "34.06 births/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 108982 (wfb::source-text death_rate tajikistan "6.58 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 108986 (wfb::source-text net_migration_rate tajikistan "-1.44 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 108990 (wfb::source-text infant_mortality_rate tajikistan "60.4 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.)" );; line 108994 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth tajikistan total_population "69.03 years" );; line 108999 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth tajikistan male "66.11 years" );; line 109001 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth tajikistan female "72.1 years (1995 est.)" );; line 109003 (wfb::source-text total_fertility_rate tajikistan "4.55 children born/woman (1995 est.)" );; line 109007 (wfb::source-text nationality tajikistan noun "Tajik(s)" );; line 109012 (wfb::source-text nationality tajikistan adjective "Tajik" );; line 109014 (wfb::source-text ethnic-entity tajikistan "Tajik 64.9%, Uzbek 25%, Russian 3.5% (declining because of emigration), other 6.6%" );; line 109018 (wfb::source-text religion tajikistan "Sunni Muslim 80%, Shi'a Muslim 5%" );; line 109023 (wfb::source-text language tajikistan "Tajik (official), Russian widely used in government and business" );; line 109027 (wfb::source-text literacy tajikistan "age 15 and over can read and write (1989)" );; line 109031 (wfb::source-text literacy tajikistan total_population "98%" );; line 109033 (wfb::source-text literacy tajikistan male "99%" );; line 109035 (wfb::source-text literacy tajikistan female "97%" );; line 109037 (wfb::source-text total_labor_force tajikistan "1.95 million (1992)" );; line 109041 (wfb::source-text labor_force_by_occupation tajikistan by_occupation "agriculture and forestry 43%, government and services 24%, industry 14%, trade and communications 11%, construction 8% (1990)" );; line 109043 (wfb::source-text names tajikistan conventional_long_form "Republic of Tajikistan" );; line 109050 (wfb::source-text names tajikistan conventional_short_form "Tajikistan" );; line 109052 (wfb::source-text names tajikistan local_long_form "Jumhurii Tojikistan" );; line 109054 (wfb::source-text names tajikistan local_short_form "none" );; line 109056 (wfb::source-text names tajikistan former "Tajik Soviet Socialist Republic" );; line 109058 (wfb::source-text digraph tajikistan "TI" );; line 109062 (wfb::source-text type tajikistan "republic" );; line 109066 (wfb::source-text capital tajikistan "Dushanbe" );; line 109070 (wfb::source-text administrative_divisions tajikistan "2 oblasts (viloyatho, singular - viloyat) and one autonomous oblast* (viloyati avtonomii); Viloyati Avtonomii Badakhshoni Kuni* (Khorugh - formerly Khorog), Viloyati Khatlon (Qurghonteppa - formerly Kurgan-Tyube), Viloyati Leninobad (Khujand - formerly Leninabad)" );; line 109074 (wfb::source-text independence tajikistan "9 September 1991 (from Soviet Union)" );; line 109083 (wfb::source-text national_holiday tajikistan "National Day, 9 September (1991)" );; line 109087 (wfb::source-text constitution tajikistan "new constitution adopted 6 November 1994" );; line 109091 (wfb::source-text legal_system tajikistan "based on civil law system; no judicial review of legislative acts" );; line 109095 (wfb::source-text suffrage tajikistan "18 years of age; universal" );; line 109099 (wfb::source-text executive_branch tajikistan chief_of_state "President Emomili RAKHMONOV (since 6 November 1994; was Head of State and Assembly Chairman since NA November 1992); election last held 6 November 1994 (next to be held NA 1998); results - Emomili RAKHMONOV 58%, Abdumalik ABDULLAJANOV 40%" );; line 109104 (wfb::source-text executive_branch tajikistan head_of_government "Prime Minister Jamshed KARIMOV (since 2 December 1994)" );; line 109109 (wfb::source-text executive_branch tajikistan cabinet "Council of Ministers" );; line 109111 (wfb::source-text legislative_structure tajikistan "unicameral" );; line 109115 (wfb::source-text legislative_branch tajikistan supreme_soviet "elections last held 26 February 1994 (next to be held NA); results - percent of vote by party NA; estimated seats - (181 total) Communist Party and affiliates 100, Popular Party 10, Party of Political and Economic Progress 1, Party of Popular Unity 6, other 64" );; line 109117 (wfb::source-text judicial_branch tajikistan "Prosecutor General" );; line 109124 (wfb::source-text political_parties_and_leaders tajikistan "Communist Party (People's Party of Tajikistan - PPT), Abdumalik ABDULAJANOV; Party of Economic Freedom (PEF), Abdumalik ABDULAJANOV; Tajik Socialist Party (TSP), Shodi SHABDOLOV; Tajik Democratic Party (TDP), Abdu-Nabi SATARZADE, chairman; note - suspended for six months; Islamic Renaissance Party (IRP), Sayed Abdullo NURI, chairman; Rebirth (Rastokhez), Takhir ABDUZHABOROV; Lali Badakhshan Society, Atobek AMIRBEK; People's Democratic Party (PDP), Abdujalil HAMIDOV, chairman; Tajikistan Party of Economic and Political Renewal (TPEPR), Mukhtor BOBOYEV" );; line 109128 (wfb::source-text other_political_or_pressure_groups tajikistan "Tajikistan Opposition Movement based in northern Afghanistan" );; line 109142 (wfb::source-text member_of tajikistan "CIS, EBRD, ECO, ESCAP, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IDB, IFAD, ILO, IMF, INTELSAT (nonsignatory user), IOC, IOM (observer), ITU, NACC, OIC, OSCE, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO" );; line 109146 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us tajikistan chief_of_mission "NA" );; line 109153 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us tajikistan chancery "NA" );; line 109155 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us tajikistan telephone "NA" );; line 109157 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation tajikistan chief_of_mission "Ambassador Stanley T. ESCUDERO" );; line 109162 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation tajikistan embassy "Interim Chancery, #39 Ainii Street, Oktyabrskaya Hotel, Dushanbe" );; line 109164 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation tajikistan mailing_address "use embassy street address" );; line 109166 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation tajikistan telephone "[7] (3772) 21-03-56" );; line 109168 (wfb::source-text flag tajikistan "three horizontal stripes of red (top), a wider stripe of white, and green; a crown surmounted by seven five-pointed stars is located in the center of the white stripe" );; line 109172 (wfb::source-text overview tajikistan "Tajikistan had the next-to-lowest per capita GDP in the former USSR, the highest rate of population growth, and an extremely low standard of living. Agriculture dominates the economy, cotton being the most important crop. Mineral resources, varied but limited in amount, include silver, gold, uranium, and tungsten. Industry is limited to a large aluminum plant, hydropower facilities, and small obsolete factories mostly in light industry and food processing. The Tajik economy has been gravely weakened by three years of civil war and by the loss of subsidies and markets for its products, which has left Tajikistan dependent on Russia and Uzbekistan and on international humanitarian assistance for much of its basic subsistence needs. Moreover, constant political turmoil and the continued dominance by former Communist officials have impeded the introduction of meaningful economic reforms. In the meantime, Tajikistan's efforts to adopt the Russian ruble as its domestic currency despite Russia's unwillingness to supply sufficient rubles left the country in a severe monetary crisis throughout 1994, keeping inflation low but leaving workers and pensioners unpaid for months at a time. The government has announced plans to introduce its own currency in 1995 to help resolve the problem." );; line 109179 (wfb::source-text national_product tajikistan "GDP - purchasing power parity - $8.5 billion (1994 estimate as extrapolated from World Bank estimate for 1992)" );; line 109199 (wfb::source-text national_product_real_growth_rate tajikistan "-12% (1994 est.)" );; line 109204 (wfb::source-text national_product_per_capita tajikistan "$1,415 (1994 est.)" );; line 109208 (wfb::source-text |Inflation rate (consumer prices)| tajikistan "NA%" );; line 109212 (wfb::source-text unemployment_rate tajikistan "1.5% includes only officially registered unemployed; also large numbers of underemployed workers and unregistered unemployed people (September 1994)" );; line 109216 (wfb::source-text budget tajikistan revenues "$NA" );; line 109223 (wfb::source-text budget tajikistan expenditures "$NA, including capital expenditures of $NA" );; line 109225 (wfb::source-text exports tajikistan "$320 million to outside the FSU countries (1994)" );; line 109229 (wfb::source-text exports tajikistan commodities "cotton, aluminum, fruits, vegetable oil, textiles" );; line 109231 (wfb::source-text exports tajikistan partners "Russia, Kazakhstan, Ukraine, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan" );; line 109233 (wfb::source-text imports tajikistan "$318 million from outside the FSU countries (1994)" );; line 109237 (wfb::source-text imports tajikistan commodities "fuel, chemicals, machinery and transport equipment, textiles, foodstuffs" );; line 109239 (wfb::source-text imports tajikistan partners "Russia, Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan" );; line 109242 (wfb::source-text external_debt tajikistan "$NA" );; line 109246 (wfb::source-text industrial_production tajikistan "growth rate -31% (1994)" );; line 109250 (wfb::source-text electricity tajikistan capacity "3,800,000 kW" );; line 109255 (wfb::source-text electricity tajikistan production "17 billion kWh" );; line 109257 (wfb::source-text electricity tajikistan consumption_per_capita "2,800 kWh (1994)" );; line 109259 (wfb::source-text industry tajikistan "aluminum, zinc, lead, chemicals and fertilizers, cement, vegetable oil, metal-cutting machine tools, refrigerators and freezers" );; line 109263 (wfb::source-text agriculture tajikistan "cotton, grain, fruits, grapes, vegetables; cattle, sheep and goats" );; line 109268 (wfb::source-text illicit_drugs tajikistan "illicit cultivation of cannabis and opium poppy; mostly for CIS consumption; used as transshipment points for illicit drugs from Southwest Asia to Western Europe and North America" );; line 109273 (wfb::source-text economic_aid tajikistan recipient "Russia and Uzbekistan reportedly provided substantial general assistance throughout 1993 and 1994; Western aid and credits promised through the end of 1993 were $700 million but disbursements were only $104 million; large scale development loans await IMF approval of a reform and stabilization plan" );; line 109280 (wfb::source-text currency tajikistan "1 ruble (R) = 100 kopeks; Tajikistan uses the Russian ruble as its currency by agreement with Russia; government has plans to introduce its own currency, the Tajik ruble, in 1995" );; line 109288 (wfb::source-text exchange_rates tajikistan "NA" );; line 109294 (wfb::source-text fiscal_year tajikistan "calendar year" );; line 109298 (wfb::source-text railroads tajikistan total "480 km in common carrier service; does not include industrial lines (1990)" );; line 109304 (wfb::source-text highways tajikistan total "29,900 km" );; line 109310 (wfb::source-text highways tajikistan paved "21,400 km" );; line 109312 (wfb::source-text highways tajikistan unpaved "earth 8,500 km (1990)" );; line 109314 (wfb::source-text pipelines tajikistan "natural gas 400 km (1992)" );; line 109318 (wfb::source-text port tajikistan "none" );; line 109322 (wfb::source-text airports tajikistan total "59" );; line 109327 (wfb::source-text airports tajikistan |with paved runways over 3,047 m| "1" );; line 109329 (wfb::source-text airports tajikistan |with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m| "5" );; line 109331 (wfb::source-text airports tajikistan |with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m| "7" );; line 109333 (wfb::source-text airports tajikistan |with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m| "1" );; line 109335 (wfb::source-text airports tajikistan |with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m| "9" );; line 109337 (wfb::source-text airports tajikistan with_unpaved_runways_under_914_m "36" );; line 109339 (wfb::source-text telephone_system tajikistan "303,000 telephones (December 1991); about 55 telephones/1,000 persons (1991); poorly developed and not well maintained; many towns are not reached by the national network" );; line 109344 (wfb::source-text telephone_system tajikistan local "NA" );; line 109348 (wfb::source-text telephone_system tajikistan intercity "cable and microwave radio relay" );; line 109350 (wfb::source-text telephone_system tajikistan international "linked by cable and microwave to other CIS republics, and by leased connections to the Moscow international gateway switch; Dushanbe linked by INTELSAT to international gateway switch in Ankara; 1 Orbita and 2 INTELSAT earth stations" );; line 109352 (wfb::source-text radio tajikistan broadcast_stations "AM NA, FM NA, shortwave NA" );; line 109360 (wfb::source-text radio tajikistan radios "NA" );; line 109362 (wfb::source-text television tajikistan broadcast_stations "NA" );; line 109367 (wfb::source-text television tajikistan televisions "NA" );; line 109369 (wfb::source-text defense_branch tajikistan "Army (being formed), National Guard, Security Forces (internal and border troops)" );; line 109378 (wfb::source-text manpower_availability tajikistan "males age 15-49 1,410,229; males fit for military service 1,153,638; males reach military age (18) annually 57,942 (1995 est.)" );; line 109383 (wfb::source-text defense_expenditures tajikistan "$NA, NA% of GDP" );; line 109388 (wfb::source-text location tanzania "Eastern Africa, bordering the Indian Ocean, between Kenya and Mozambique" );; line 109398 (wfb::source-text map_references tanzania "Africa" );; line 109403 (wfb::source-text area tanzania total_area "945,090 sq km" );; line 109408 (wfb::source-text area tanzania land_area "886,040 sq km" );; line 109410 (wfb::source-text area tanzania comparative_area "slightly larger than twice the size of California" );; line 109412 (wfb::source-text borders tanzania "total 3,402 km, Burundi 451 km, Kenya 769 km, Malawi 475 km, Mozambique 756 km, Rwanda 217 km, Uganda 396 km, Zambia 338 km" );; line 109418 (wfb::source-text coastline tanzania "1,424 km" );; line 109423 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims tanzania exclusive_economic_zone "200 nm" );; line 109428 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims tanzania territorial_sea "12 nm" );; line 109430 (wfb::source-text international_disputes tanzania "boundary dispute with Malawi in Lake Nyasa; Tanzania-Zaire-Zambia tripoint in Lake Tanganyika may no longer be indefinite since it is reported that the indefinite section of the Zaire-Zambia boundary has been settled" );; line 109434 (wfb::source-text climate tanzania "varies from tropical along coast to temperate in highlands" );; line 109440 (wfb::source-text terrain tanzania "plains along coast; central plateau; highlands in north, south" );; line 109444 (wfb::source-text natural-resource tanzania "hydropower potential, tin, phosphates, iron ore, coal, diamonds, gemstones, gold, natural gas, nickel" );; line 109448 (wfb::source-text land_use tanzania arable_land "5%" );; line 109454 (wfb::source-text land_use tanzania permanent_crops "1%" );; line 109456 (wfb::source-text land_use tanzania meadows_and_pastures "40%" );; line 109458 (wfb::source-text land_use tanzania forest_and_woodland "47%" );; line 109460 (wfb::source-text land_use tanzania other "7%" );; line 109462 (wfb::source-text irrigated_land tanzania "1,530 sq km (1989 est.)" );; line 109466 (wfb::source-text environment tanzania current_issues "soil degradation; deforestation; desertification; destruction of coral reefs threatens marine habitats; recent droughts affected marginal agriculture" );; line 109471 (wfb::source-text environment tanzania natural_hazards "the tsetse fly and lack of water limit agriculture; flooding on the central plateau during the rainy season" );; line 109475 (wfb::source-text environment tanzania international_agreements "party to - Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection; signed, but not ratified - Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification" );; line 109478 (wfb::source-text note tanzania "Mount Kilimanjaro is highest point in Africa" );; line 109484 (wfb::source-text population tanzania "28,701,077 (July 1995 est.)" );; line 109490 (wfb::source-text age_structure tanzania 0-14_years "47% (female 6,724,575; male 6,676,652)" );; line 109495 (wfb::source-text age_structure tanzania 15-64_years "50% (female 7,462,615; male 7,027,551)" );; line 109497 (wfb::source-text age_structure tanzania 65_years_and_over "3% (female 425,211; male 384,473) (July 1995 est.)" );; line 109499 (wfb::source-text population_growth_rate tanzania "2.55% (1995 est.)" );; line 109503 (wfb::source-text birth_rate tanzania "45.25 births/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 109507 (wfb::source-text death_rate tanzania "19.81 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 109511 (wfb::source-text net_migration_rate tanzania "NA migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 109515 (wfb::source-text infant_mortality_rate tanzania "109 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.)" );; line 109524 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth tanzania total_population "42.53 years" );; line 109529 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth tanzania male "40.88 years" );; line 109531 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth tanzania female "44.22 years (1995 est.)" );; line 109533 (wfb::source-text total_fertility_rate tanzania "6.15 children born/woman (1995 est.)" );; line 109537 (wfb::source-text nationality tanzania noun "Tanzanian(s)" );; line 109542 (wfb::source-text nationality tanzania adjective "Tanzanian" );; line 109544 (wfb::source-text ethnic-entity tanzania mainland "native African 99% (consisting of well over 100 tribes), Asian, European, and Arab 1%" );; line 109549 (wfb::source-text ethnic-entity tanzania zanzibar "NA" );; line 109552 (wfb::source-text religion tanzania mainland "Christian 45%, Muslim 35%, indigenous beliefs 20%" );; line 109557 (wfb::source-text religion tanzania zanzibar "Muslim 99% plus" );; line 109559 (wfb::source-text language tanzania "Swahili (official; widely understood and generally used for communication between ethnic groups and is used in primary education), English (official; primary language of commerce, administration, and higher education)" );; line 109563 (wfb::source-text literacy tanzania "age 15 and over has ability to read and write a letter or message in Kisahili (1988)" );; line 109571 (wfb::source-text literacy tanzania total_population "59%" );; line 109574 (wfb::source-text literacy tanzania male "71%" );; line 109576 (wfb::source-text literacy tanzania female "48%" );; line 109578 (wfb::source-text total_labor_force tanzania "732,200 wage earners" );; line 109582 (wfb::source-text labor_force_by_occupation tanzania by_occupation "agriculture 90%, industry and commerce 10% (1986 est.)" );; line 109584 (wfb::source-text names tanzania conventional_long_form "United Republic of Tanzania" );; line 109590 (wfb::source-text names tanzania conventional_short_form "Tanzania" );; line 109592 (wfb::source-text names tanzania former "United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar" );; line 109594 (wfb::source-text digraph tanzania "TZ" );; line 109598 (wfb::source-text type tanzania "republic" );; line 109602 (wfb::source-text capital tanzania "Dar es Salaam" );; line 109606 (wfb::source-text administrative_divisions tanzania "25 regions; Arusha, Dar es Salaam, Dodoma, Iringa, Kigoma, Kilimanjaro, Lindi, Mara, Mbeya, Morogoro, Mtwara, Mwanza, Pemba North, Pemba South, Pwani, Rukwa, Ruvuma, Shinyanga, Singida, Tabora, Tanga, Zanzibar Central/South, Zanzibar North, Zanzibar Urban/West, Ziwa Magharibi" );; line 109613 (wfb::source-text independence tanzania "26 April 1964; Tanganyika became independent 9 December 1961 (from UN trusteeship under British administration); Zanzibar became independent 19 December 1963 (from UK); Tanganyika united with Zanzibar 26 April 1964 to form the United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar; renamed United Republic of Tanzania 29 October 1964" );; line 109620 (wfb::source-text national_holiday tanzania "Union Day, 26 April (1964)" );; line 109628 (wfb::source-text constitution tanzania "25 April 1977; major revisions October 1984" );; line 109632 (wfb::source-text legal_system tanzania "based on English common law; judicial review of legislative acts limited to matters of interpretation; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction" );; line 109636 (wfb::source-text suffrage tanzania "18 years of age; universal" );; line 109642 (wfb::source-text executive_branch tanzania chief_of_state "President Ali Hassan MWINYI (since 5 November 1985); First Vice President Cleopa MSUYA (since 5 December 1994); Second Vice President and President of Zanzibar Salmin AMOUR (since 9 November 1990) election last held 28 October 1990 (next to be held 29 October 1995); results - Ali Hassan MWINYI was elected without opposition" );; line 109647 (wfb::source-text executive_branch tanzania head_of_government "Prime Minister Cleopa David MSUYA (since 7 December 1994)" );; line 109653 (wfb::source-text executive_branch tanzania cabinet "Cabinet; appointed by the president from the National Assembly" );; line 109655 (wfb::source-text legislative_structure tanzania "unicameral" );; line 109659 (wfb::source-text legislative_branch tanzania |National Assembly (Bunge)| "elections last held 28 October 1990 (next to be held 29 October 1995); results - CCM was the only party; seats - (241 total, 168 elected) CCM 168" );; line 109661 (wfb::source-text judicial_branch tanzania "Court of Appeal, High Court" );; line 109667 (wfb::source-text political_parties_and_leaders tanzania "Chama Cha Mapinduzi (CCM or Revolutionary Party), Ali Hassan MWINYI; Civic United Front (CUF), James MAPALALA; National Convention for Construction and Reform (NCCR), Lyatonga (Augustine) MREMA; Union for Multiparty Democracy (UMD), Abdullah FUNDIKIRA; Chama Cha Demokrasia na Maendeleo (CHADEMA), Edwin I. M. MTEI, chairman; Democratic Party (unregistered), Reverend MTIKLA" );; line 109671 (wfb::source-text member_of tanzania "ACP, AfDB, C, CCC, EADB, ECA, FAO, FLS, G- 6, G-77, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, ISO, ITU, NAM, OAU, SADC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO" );; line 109679 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us tanzania chief_of_mission "Ambassador Charles Musama NYIRABU" );; line 109687 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us tanzania chancery "2139 R Street NW, Washington, DC 20008" );; line 109689 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us tanzania telephone "[1] (202) 939-6125" );; line 109691 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us tanzania fax "[1] (202) 797-7408" );; line 109693 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation tanzania chief_of_mission "Ambassador Brady ANDERSON" );; line 109698 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation tanzania embassy "36 Laibon Road (off Bagamoyo Road), Dar es Salaam" );; line 109700 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation tanzania mailing_address "P. O. Box 9123, Dar es Salaam" );; line 109702 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation tanzania telephone "[255] (51) 66010 through 66015" );; line 109704 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation tanzania fax "[255] (51) 66701" );; line 109706 (wfb::source-text flag tanzania "divided diagonally by a yellow-edged black band from the lower hoist-side corner; the upper triangle (hoist side) is green and the lower triangle is blue" );; line 109710 (wfb::source-text overview tanzania "Tanzania is one of the poorest countries in the world. The economy is heavily dependent on agriculture, which accounts for about 58% of GDP, provides 85% of exports, and employs 90% of the work force. Topography and climatic conditions, however, limit cultivated crops to only 5% of the land area. Industry accounts for 8% of GDP and is mainly limited to processing agricultural products and light consumer goods. The economic recovery program announced in mid-1986 has generated notable increases in agricultural production and financial support for the program by bilateral donors. The World Bank, the International Monetary Fund, and bilateral donors have provided funds to rehabilitate Tanzania's deteriorated economic infrastructure. Growth in 1991-94 has featured a pickup in industrial production and a substantial increase in output of minerals, led by gold. Recent banking reforms have helped increase private sector growth and investment." );; line 109717 (wfb::source-text national_product tanzania "GDP - purchasing power parity - $21 billion (1994 est.)" );; line 109733 (wfb::source-text national_product_real_growth_rate tanzania "3% (1994 est.)" );; line 109737 (wfb::source-text national_product_per_capita tanzania "$750 (1994 est.)" );; line 109741 (wfb::source-text |Inflation rate (consumer prices)| tanzania "25% (1994 est.)" );; line 109745 (wfb::source-text unemployment_rate tanzania "NA%" );; line 109749 (wfb::source-text budget tanzania revenues "$495 million" );; line 109754 (wfb::source-text budget tanzania expenditures "$631 million, including capital expenditures of $118 million (1990 est.)" );; line 109756 (wfb::source-text exports tanzania "$462 million (f.o.b., 1994)" );; line 109761 (wfb::source-text exports tanzania commodities "coffee, cotton, tobacco, tea, cashew nuts, sisal" );; line 109763 (wfb::source-text exports tanzania partners "Germany, UK, Japan, Netherlands, Kenya, Hong Kong, US" );; line 109765 (wfb::source-text imports tanzania "$1.4 billion (c.i.f., 1994)" );; line 109769 (wfb::source-text imports tanzania commodities "manufactured goods, machinery and transportation equipment, cotton piece goods, crude oil, foodstuffs" );; line 109771 (wfb::source-text imports tanzania partners "Germany, UK, US, Japan, Italy, Denmark" );; line 109774 (wfb::source-text external_debt tanzania "$6.7 billion (1993)" );; line 109778 (wfb::source-text industrial_production tanzania "growth rate 9.3% (1990); accounts for 8% of GDP" );; line 109782 (wfb::source-text electricity tanzania capacity "440,000 kW" );; line 109787 (wfb::source-text electricity tanzania production "880 million kWh" );; line 109789 (wfb::source-text electricity tanzania consumption_per_capita "30 kWh (1993)" );; line 109791 (wfb::source-text industry tanzania "primarily agricultural processing (sugar, beer, cigarettes, sisal twine), diamond and gold mining, oil refining, shoes, cement, textiles, wood products, fertilizer" );; line 109795 (wfb::source-text agriculture tanzania "accounts for about 58% of GDP; cash crops - coffee, sisal, tea, cotton, pyrethrum (insecticide made from chrysanthemums), cashews, tobacco, cloves (Zanzibar); food crops - corn, wheat, cassava, bananas, fruits, vegetables; small numbers of cattle, sheep, and goats; not self-sufficient in food grain production" );; line 109801 (wfb::source-text illicit_drugs tanzania "growing role in transshipment of Southwest Asian heroin destined for European and US markets" );; line 109809 (wfb::source-text economic_aid tanzania recipient "US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-89), $400 million; Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-89), $9.8 billion; OPEC bilateral aid (1979-89), $44 million; Communist countries (1970-89), $614 million" );; line 109815 (wfb::source-text currency tanzania "1 Tanzanian shilling (TSh) = 100 cents" );; line 109822 (wfb::source-text exchange_rates tanzania "Tanzanian shillings (TSh) per US$1 - 523.40 (December 1994), 509.63 (1994), 405.27 (1993), 297.71 (1992), 219.16 (1991), 195.06 (1990)" );; line 109826 (wfb::source-text fiscal_year tanzania "1 July - 30 June" );; line 109831 (wfb::source-text railroads tanzania total "2,600 km; note - not a part of Tanzania Railways Corporation is the Tanzania-Zambia Railway Authority (TAZARA), which operates 1,860 km of 1.067-m narrow gauge track between Dar es Salaam and New Kapiri M'poshi in Zambia; 969 km are in Tanzania and 891 km are in Zambia; because of the difference in gauge, this system does not connect to Tanzania Railways" );; line 109837 (wfb::source-text railroads tanzania narrow_gauge "2,600 km 1.000-m gauge" );; line 109843 (wfb::source-text highways tanzania total "81,900 km" );; line 109848 (wfb::source-text highways tanzania paved "3,600 km" );; line 109850 (wfb::source-text highways tanzania unpaved "gravel, crushed stone 5,600 km; improved, unimproved earth 72,700 km" );; line 109852 (wfb::source-text inland_waterways tanzania "Lake Tanganyika, Lake Victoria, Lake Nyasa" );; line 109857 (wfb::source-text pipelines tanzania "crude oil 982 km" );; line 109861 (wfb::source-text port tanzania "Bukoba, Dar es Salaam, Kigoma, Lindi, Mkoani, Mtwara, Musoma, Mwanza, Tanga, Wete, Zanzibar" );; line 109865 (wfb::source-text merchant_marine tanzania total "7 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 29,145 GRT/39,186 DWT" );; line 109871 (wfb::source-text merchant_marine tanzania ships_by_type "cargo 3, oil tanker 1, passenger-cargo 2, roll-on/roll-off cargo 1" );; line 109873 (wfb::source-text airports tanzania total "108" );; line 109879 (wfb::source-text airports tanzania |with paved runways over 3,047 m| "2" );; line 109881 (wfb::source-text airports tanzania |with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m| "2" );; line 109883 (wfb::source-text airports tanzania |with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m| "6" );; line 109885 (wfb::source-text airports tanzania |with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m| "1" );; line 109887 (wfb::source-text airports tanzania with_paved_runways_under_914_m "30" );; line 109889 (wfb::source-text airports tanzania |with unpaved runways 1,524 to 2,438 m| "16" );; line 109891 (wfb::source-text airports tanzania |with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m| "51" );; line 109893 (wfb::source-text telephone_system tanzania "103,800 telephones; fair system operating below capacity" );; line 109898 (wfb::source-text telephone_system tanzania local "NA" );; line 109900 (wfb::source-text telephone_system tanzania intercity "open wire, microwave radio relay, troposcatter" );; line 109902 (wfb::source-text telephone_system tanzania international "2 satellite earth stations - 1 Indian Ocean INTELSAT and 1 Atlantic Ocean INTELSAT" );; line 109904 (wfb::source-text radio tanzania broadcast_stations "AM 12, FM 4, shortwave 0" );; line 109910 (wfb::source-text radio tanzania radios "NA" );; line 109912 (wfb::source-text television tanzania broadcast_stations "2" );; line 109917 (wfb::source-text television tanzania televisions "NA" );; line 109919 (wfb::source-text defense_branch tanzania "Tanzanian People's Defense Force (TPDF; includes Army, Navy, and Air Force), paramilitary Police Field Force Unit, Militia" );; line 109925 (wfb::source-text manpower_availability tanzania "males age 15-49 6,188,455; males fit for military service 3,584,912 (1995 est.)" );; line 109930 (wfb::source-text defense_expenditures tanzania "exchange rate conversion - $69 million, NA% of GDP (FY94/95)" );; line 109935 (wfb::source-text location thailand "Southeastern Asia, bordering the Andaman Sea and the Gulf of Thailand, southeast of Burma" );; line 109945 (wfb::source-text map_references thailand "Southeast Asia" );; line 109950 (wfb::source-text area thailand total_area "514,000 sq km" );; line 109955 (wfb::source-text area thailand land_area "511,770 sq km" );; line 109957 (wfb::source-text area thailand comparative_area "slightly more than twice the size of Wyoming" );; line 109959 (wfb::source-text borders thailand "total 4,863 km, Burma 1,800 km, Cambodia 803 km, Laos 1,754 km, Malaysia 506 km" );; line 109963 (wfb::source-text coastline thailand "3,219 km" );; line 109968 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims thailand continental_shelf "200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation" );; line 109973 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims thailand exclusive_economic_zone "200 nm" );; line 109975 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims thailand territorial_sea "12 nm" );; line 109977 (wfb::source-text international_disputes thailand "boundary dispute with Laos; unresolved maritime boundary with Vietnam; parts of border with Thailand in dispute; maritime boundary with Thailand not clearly defined" );; line 109981 (wfb::source-text climate thailand "tropical; rainy, warm, cloudy southwest monsoon (mid-May to September); dry, cool northeast monsoon (November to mid-March); southern isthmus always hot and humid" );; line 109987 (wfb::source-text terrain thailand "central plain; Khorat plateau in the east; mountains elsewhere" );; line 109993 (wfb::source-text natural-resource thailand "tin, rubber, natural gas, tungsten, tantalum, timber, lead, fish, gypsum, lignite, fluorite" );; line 109997 (wfb::source-text land_use thailand arable_land "34%" );; line 110003 (wfb::source-text land_use thailand permanent_crops "4%" );; line 110005 (wfb::source-text land_use thailand meadows_and_pastures "1%" );; line 110007 (wfb::source-text land_use thailand forest_and_woodland "30%" );; line 110009 (wfb::source-text land_use thailand other "31%" );; line 110011 (wfb::source-text irrigated_land thailand "42,300 sq km (1989 est.)" );; line 110015 (wfb::source-text environment thailand current_issues "air pollution from vehicle emissions; water pollution from organic and factory wastes; deforestation; soil erosion; wildlife populations threatened by illegal hunting" );; line 110020 (wfb::source-text environment thailand natural_hazards "land subsidence in Bangkok area resulting from the depletion of the water table; droughts" );; line 110024 (wfb::source-text environment thailand international_agreements "party to - Climate Change, Endangered Species, Marine Life Conservation, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Tropical Timber 83; signed, but not ratified - Biodiversity, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea" );; line 110027 (wfb::source-text note thailand "controls only land route from Asia to Malaysia and Singapore" );; line 110033 (wfb::source-text population thailand "60,271,300 (July 1995 est.)" );; line 110039 (wfb::source-text age_structure thailand 0-14_years "29% (female 8,545,362; male 8,866,271)" );; line 110044 (wfb::source-text age_structure thailand 15-64_years "66% (female 19,733,773; male 20,185,392)" );; line 110046 (wfb::source-text age_structure thailand 65_years_and_over "5% (female 1,636,426; male 1,304,076) (July 1995 est.)" );; line 110048 (wfb::source-text population_growth_rate thailand "1.24% (1995 est.)" );; line 110052 (wfb::source-text birth_rate thailand "18.87 births/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 110056 (wfb::source-text death_rate thailand "6.48 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 110060 (wfb::source-text net_migration_rate thailand "0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 110064 (wfb::source-text infant_mortality_rate thailand "35.7 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.)" );; line 110068 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth thailand total_population "68.42 years" );; line 110073 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth thailand male "64.94 years" );; line 110075 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth thailand female "72.08 years (1995 est.)" );; line 110077 (wfb::source-text total_fertility_rate thailand "2.04 children born/woman (1995 est.)" );; line 110081 (wfb::source-text nationality thailand noun "Thai (singular and plural)" );; line 110086 (wfb::source-text nationality thailand adjective "Thai" );; line 110088 (wfb::source-text ethnic-entity thailand "Thai 75%, Chinese 14%, other 11%" );; line 110092 (wfb::source-text religion thailand "Buddhism 95%, Muslim 3.8%, Christianity 0.5%, Hinduism 0.1%, other 0.6% (1991)" );; line 110096 (wfb::source-text language thailand "Thai, English the secondary language of the elite, ethnic and regional dialects" );; line 110101 (wfb::source-text literacy thailand "age 15 and over can read and write (1990)" );; line 110106 (wfb::source-text literacy thailand total_population "93%" );; line 110108 (wfb::source-text literacy thailand male "96%" );; line 110110 (wfb::source-text literacy thailand female "91%" );; line 110112 (wfb::source-text total_labor_force thailand "30.87 million" );; line 110116 (wfb::source-text labor_force_by_occupation thailand by_occupation "agriculture 62%, industry 13%, commerce 11%, services (including government) 14% (1989 est.)" );; line 110118 (wfb::source-text names thailand conventional_long_form "Kingdom of Thailand" );; line 110125 (wfb::source-text names thailand conventional_short_form "Thailand" );; line 110127 (wfb::source-text digraph thailand "TH" );; line 110131 (wfb::source-text type thailand "constitutional monarchy" );; line 110135 (wfb::source-text capital thailand "Bangkok" );; line 110139 (wfb::source-text administrative_divisions thailand "76 provinces (changwat, singular and plural); Amnat Charoen, Ang Thong, Buriram, Chachoengsao, Chai Nat, Chaiyaphum, Chanthaburi, Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Chon Buri, Chumphon, Kalasin, Kamphaeng Phet, Kanchanaburi, Khon Kaen, Krabi, Krung Thep Mahanakhon, Lampang, Lamphun, Loei, Lop Buri, Mae Hong Son, Maha Sarakham, Mukdahan, Nakhon Nayok, Nakhon Pathom, Nakhon Phanom, Nakhon Ratchasima, Nakhon Sawan, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Nan, Narathiwat, Nong Bua Lamphu, Nong Khai, Nonthaburi, Pathum Thani, Pattani, Phangnga, Phatthalung, Phayao, Phetchabun, Phetchaburi, Phichit, Phitsanulok, Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya, Phrae, Phuket, Prachin Buri, Prachuap Khiri Khan, Ranong, Ratchaburi, Rayong, Roi Et, Sa Kaeo, Sakon Nakhon, Samut Prakan, Samut Sakhon, Samut Songkhram, Sara Buri, Satun, Sing Buri, Sisaket, Songkhla, Sukhothai, Suphan Buri, Surat Thani, Surin, Tak, Trang, Trat, Ubon Ratchathani, Udon Thani, Uthai Thani, Uttaradit, Yala, Yasothon" );; line 110143 (wfb::source-text independence thailand "1238 (traditional founding date; never colonized)" );; line 110159 (wfb::source-text national_holiday thailand "Birthday of His Majesty the King, 5 December (1927)" );; line 110163 (wfb::source-text constitution thailand "new constitution approved 7 December 1991; amended 10 June 1992" );; line 110167 (wfb::source-text legal_system thailand "based on civil law system, with influences of common law; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction; martial law in effect since 23 February 1991 military coup" );; line 110171 (wfb::source-text suffrage thailand "21 years of age; universal" );; line 110177 (wfb::source-text executive_branch thailand chief_of_state "King PHUMIPHON Adunyadet (since 9 June 1946); Heir Apparent Crown Prince WACHIRALONGKON (born 28 July 1952)" );; line 110182 (wfb::source-text executive_branch thailand head_of_government "Prime Minister CHUAN Likphai (since 23 September 1992)" );; line 110185 (wfb::source-text executive_branch thailand cabinet "Council of Ministers" );; line 110187 (wfb::source-text executive_branch thailand privy_council "NA" );; line 110189 (wfb::source-text legislative_structure thailand "bicameral National Assembly (Rathasatha)" );; line 110193 (wfb::source-text legislative_branch thailand |Senate (Vuthisatha)| "consists of a 270-member appointed body" );; line 110195 (wfb::source-text legislative_branch thailand |House of Representatives (Saphaphoothan-Rajsadhorn)| "elections last held 13 September 1992 (next to be held NA); results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (360 total) DP 79, TNP 77, NDP 60, NAP 51, Phalang Tham 47, SAP 22, LDP 8, SP 8, Mass Party 4, Thai Citizen's Party 3, People's Party 1, People's Force Party 0" );; line 110197 (wfb::source-text judicial_branch thailand "Supreme Court (Sarndika)" );; line 110204 (wfb::source-text political_parties_and_leaders thailand "Democrat Party (DP), CHUAN Likphai; Thai Nation Party (TNP or Chat Thai Party), Banhan SINLAPA-ACHA; National Development Party (NDP or Chat Phattana), Chatchai CHUNHAWAN; New Aspiration Party (NAP), Gen. Chawalit YONGCHAIYUT; Phalang Tham (Palang Dharma), CHAMLONG Simuang; Social Action Party (SAP), Montri PHONGPHANIT; Liberal Democratic Party (LDP or Seri Tham), Athit URAIRAT; Solidarity Party (SP), Uthai PHIMCHAICHON; Mass Party (Muanchon), Pol. Cpt. Choem YUBAMRUNG; Thai Citizen's Party (Prachakon Thai), Samak SUNTHONWET; People's Party (Ratsadon), Chaiphak SIRIWAT; People's Force Party (Phalang Prachachon), Col. Sophon HANCHAREON" );; line 110208 (wfb::source-text member_of thailand "APEC, AsDB, ASEAN, CCC, CP, ESCAP, FAO, G-77, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, NAM, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIKOM, UNU, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO" );; line 110220 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us thailand chief_of_mission "Ambassador MANATPHAT Chuto" );; line 110228 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us thailand chancery "1024 Wisconsin Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20007" );; line 110230 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us thailand telephone "[1] (202) 944-3600" );; line 110232 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us thailand fax "[1] (202) 944-3611" );; line 110234 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us thailand |consulate(s) general| "Chicago, Los Angeles, and New York" );; line 110236 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation thailand chief_of_mission "Ambassador David F. LAMBERTSON" );; line 110241 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation thailand embassy "95 Wireless Road, Bangkok" );; line 110243 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation thailand mailing_address "APO AP 96546" );; line 110245 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation thailand telephone "[66] (2) 252-5040" );; line 110247 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation thailand fax "[66] (2) 254-2990" );; line 110249 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation thailand |consulate(s) general| "Chiang Mai" );; line 110251 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation thailand |consulate(s)| "Udorn (Udon Thani)" );; line 110253 (wfb::source-text flag thailand "five horizontal bands of red (top), white, blue (double width), white, and red" );; line 110257 (wfb::source-text overview thailand "Thailand's economy recovered rapidly from the political unrest in May 1992 to post an impressive 7.5% growth rate for the year, 7.8% in 1993, and 8% in 1994. One of the more advanced developing countries in Asia, Thailand depends on exports of manufactures and the development of the service sector to fuel the country's rapid growth. Much of Thailand's recent imports have been for capital equipment, suggesting that the export sector is poised for further growth. With foreign investment slowing, Bangkok is working to increase the generation of domestic capital. Prime Minister CHUAN's government - Thailand's fifth government in less than three years - is pledged to continue Bangkok's probusiness policies, and the return of a democratically elected government has improved business confidence. Even so, CHUAN must overcome divisions within his ruling coalition to complete much needed infrastructure development programs if Thailand is to remain an attractive place for business investment. Over the longer-term, Bangkok must produce more college graduates with technical training and upgrade workers' skills to continue its rapid economic development." );; line 110263 (wfb::source-text national_product thailand "GDP - purchasing power parity - $355.2 billion (1994 est.)" );; line 110282 (wfb::source-text national_product_real_growth_rate thailand "8% (1994 est.)" );; line 110286 (wfb::source-text national_product_per_capita thailand "$5,970 (1994 est.)" );; line 110290 (wfb::source-text |Inflation rate (consumer prices)| thailand "5% (1994 est.)" );; line 110294 (wfb::source-text unemployment_rate thailand "3.2% (1993 est.)" );; line 110298 (wfb::source-text budget thailand revenues "$28.4 billion" );; line 110303 (wfb::source-text budget thailand expenditures "$28.4 billion, including capital expenditures of $9.6 billion (FY94/95 est.)" );; line 110305 (wfb::source-text exports thailand "$46 billion (f.o.b., 1994 est.)" );; line 110310 (wfb::source-text exports thailand commodities "machinery and manufactures 83%, agricultural products and fisheries 16%, others 1% (1994 est.)" );; line 110312 (wfb::source-text exports thailand partners "US 22%, Japan 17%, Singapore 12%, Hong Kong 5%, Germany 4% (1993)" );; line 110315 (wfb::source-text imports thailand "$52.6 billion (c.i.f., 1994 est.)" );; line 110319 (wfb::source-text imports thailand commodities "capital goods 44%, intermediate goods and raw materials 37%, consumer goods 16%, other 3% (1994 est.)" );; line 110321 (wfb::source-text imports thailand partners "Japan 30%, US 12%, Singapore 6%, Germany 5%, Taiwan 5% (1993)" );; line 110324 (wfb::source-text external_debt thailand "$64.3 billion (1994 est.)" );; line 110328 (wfb::source-text industrial_production thailand "growth rate 11.5% (1993 est.); accounts for about 26% of GDP" );; line 110332 (wfb::source-text electricity thailand capacity "12,810,000 kW" );; line 110337 (wfb::source-text electricity thailand production "56.8 billion kWh" );; line 110339 (wfb::source-text electricity thailand consumption_per_capita "909 kWh (1993)" );; line 110341 (wfb::source-text industry thailand "tourism is the largest source of foreign exchange; textiles and garments, agricultural processing, beverages, tobacco, cement, light manufacturing, such as jewelry; electric appliances and components, integrated circuits, furniture, plastics; world's second-largest tungsten producer and third-largest tin producer" );; line 110345 (wfb::source-text agriculture thailand "accounts for 11% of GDP and 62% of labor force; leading producer and exporter of rice and cassava (tapioca); other crops - rubber, corn, sugarcane, coconuts, soybeans; except for wheat, self-sufficient in food" );; line 110353 (wfb::source-text illicit_drugs thailand "a minor producer of opium and marijuana; major illicit transit point for heroin, particularly from Burma and Laos, for the international drug market; eradication efforts have reduced the area of cannabis cultivation and shifted some production to neighboring countries; opium poppy cultivation has been reduced by eradication efforts; also a major drug money laundering center; rapidly growing role in amphetamine production for regional consumption; increasing indigenous abuse of heroin and cocaine" );; line 110359 (wfb::source-text economic_aid thailand recipient "US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-89), $870 million; Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-89), $8.6 billion; OPEC bilateral aid (1979-89), $19 million" );; line 110370 (wfb::source-text currency thailand "1 baht (B) = 100 satang" );; line 110376 (wfb::source-text exchange_rates thailand "baht (B) per US$1 - 25.074 (January 1995), 25.150 (1994), 25.319 (1993), 25.400 (1992), 25.517 (1991), 25.585 (1990)" );; line 110380 (wfb::source-text fiscal_year thailand "1 October - 30 September" );; line 110385 (wfb::source-text railroads thailand total "3,940 km" );; line 110391 (wfb::source-text railroads thailand narrow_gauge "3,940 km 1.000-m gauge (99 km double track)" );; line 110393 (wfb::source-text highways thailand total "77,697 km" );; line 110398 (wfb::source-text highways thailand paved "35,855 km (including 88 km of expressways)" );; line 110400 (wfb::source-text highways thailand unpaved "gravel, other stabilization 14,092 km; earth 27,750 km (1988)" );; line 110402 (wfb::source-text inland_waterways thailand "3,999 km principal waterways; 3,701 km with navigable depths of 0.9 m or more throughout the year; numerous minor waterways navigable by shallow-draft native craft" );; line 110406 (wfb::source-text pipelines thailand "petroleum products 67 km; natural gas 350 km" );; line 110412 (wfb::source-text port thailand "Bangkok, Laem Chabang, Pattani, Phuket, Sattahip, Si Racha, Songkhla" );; line 110416 (wfb::source-text merchant_marine thailand total "229 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 1,231,172 GRT/1,931,117 DWT" );; line 110422 (wfb::source-text merchant_marine thailand ships_by_type "bulk 22, cargo 122, chemical tanker 3, combination bulk 1, container 15, liquefied gas tanker 9, oil tanker 45, passenger 1, refrigerated cargo 7, roll-on/roll-off cargo 2, short-sea passenger 1, specialized tanker 1" );; line 110425 (wfb::source-text airports thailand total "105" );; line 110433 (wfb::source-text airports thailand |with paved runways over 3,047 m| "6" );; line 110435 (wfb::source-text airports thailand |with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m| "9" );; line 110437 (wfb::source-text airports thailand |with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m| "10" );; line 110439 (wfb::source-text airports thailand |with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m| "23" );; line 110441 (wfb::source-text airports thailand with_paved_runways_under_914_m "42" );; line 110443 (wfb::source-text airports thailand |with unpaved runways 1,524 to 2,438 m| "1" );; line 110445 (wfb::source-text airports thailand |with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m| "14" );; line 110447 (wfb::source-text telephone_system thailand "739,500 telephones (1987); service to general public inadequate; bulk of service to government activities provided by multichannel cable and microwave radio relay network" );; line 110452 (wfb::source-text telephone_system thailand local "NA" );; line 110456 (wfb::source-text telephone_system thailand intercity "microwave radio relay and multichannel cable; domestic satellite system being developed" );; line 110458 (wfb::source-text telephone_system thailand international "2 INTELSAT (1 Indian Ocean and 1 Pacific Ocean) earth stations" );; line 110461 (wfb::source-text radio thailand broadcast_stations "AM 200 (in government-controlled network), FM 100 (in government-controlled network), shortwave 0" );; line 110466 (wfb::source-text radio thailand radios "NA" );; line 110469 (wfb::source-text television thailand broadcast_stations "11 (in government-controlled network)" );; line 110474 (wfb::source-text television thailand televisions "NA" );; line 110476 (wfb::source-text defense_branch thailand "Royal Thai Army, Royal Thai Navy (includes Royal Thai Marine Corps), Royal Thai Air Force, Paramilitary Forces" );; line 110482 (wfb::source-text manpower_availability thailand "males age 15-49 17,297,854; males fit for military service 10,489,564; males reach military age (18) annually 585,009 (1995 est.)" );; line 110487 (wfb::source-text defense_expenditures thailand "exchange rate conversion - $4.0 billion, 2.5% of GNP (FY94/95)" );; line 110492 (wfb::source-text location togo "Western Africa, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean, between Benin and Ghana" );; line 110502 (wfb::source-text map_references togo "Africa" );; line 110507 (wfb::source-text area togo total_area "56,790 sq km" );; line 110512 (wfb::source-text area togo land_area "54,390 sq km" );; line 110514 (wfb::source-text area togo comparative_area "slightly smaller than West Virginia" );; line 110516 (wfb::source-text borders togo "total 1,647 km, Benin 644 km, Burkina 126 km, Ghana 877 km" );; line 110520 (wfb::source-text coastline togo "56 km" );; line 110524 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims togo exclusive_economic_zone "200 nm" );; line 110529 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims togo territorial_sea "30 nm" );; line 110531 (wfb::source-text international_disputes togo "none" );; line 110535 (wfb::source-text climate togo "tropical; hot, humid in south; semiarid in north" );; line 110539 (wfb::source-text terrain togo "gently rolling savanna in north; central hills; southern plateau; low coastal plain with extensive lagoons and marshes" );; line 110543 (wfb::source-text natural-resource togo "phosphates, limestone, marble" );; line 110548 (wfb::source-text land_use togo arable_land "25%" );; line 110553 (wfb::source-text land_use togo permanent_crops "1%" );; line 110555 (wfb::source-text land_use togo meadows_and_pastures "4%" );; line 110557 (wfb::source-text land_use togo forest_and_woodland "28%" );; line 110559 (wfb::source-text land_use togo other "42%" );; line 110561 (wfb::source-text irrigated_land togo "70 sq km (1989 est.)" );; line 110565 (wfb::source-text environment togo current_issues "deforestation attributable to slash-and-burn agriculture and the use of wood for fuel; recent droughts affecting agriculture" );; line 110570 (wfb::source-text environment togo natural_hazards "hot, dry harmattan wind can reduce visibility in north during winter; periodic droughts" );; line 110573 (wfb::source-text environment togo international_agreements "party to - Endangered Species, Law of the Sea, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83; signed, but not ratified - Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Tropical Timber 94" );; line 110576 (wfb::source-text population togo "4,410,370 (July 1995 est.)" );; line 110584 (wfb::source-text age_structure togo 0-14_years "49% (female 1,069,171; male 1,079,999)" );; line 110589 (wfb::source-text age_structure togo 15-64_years "49% (female 1,121,685; male 1,043,000)" );; line 110591 (wfb::source-text age_structure togo 65_years_and_over "2% (female 51,392; male 45,123) (July 1995 est.)" );; line 110593 (wfb::source-text population_growth_rate togo "3.58% (1995 est.)" );; line 110597 (wfb::source-text birth_rate togo "46.78 births/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 110601 (wfb::source-text death_rate togo "11.01 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 110605 (wfb::source-text net_migration_rate togo "0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 110609 (wfb::source-text infant_mortality_rate togo "86.5 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.)" );; line 110613 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth togo total_population "57.42 years" );; line 110618 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth togo male "55.29 years" );; line 110620 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth togo female "59.6 years (1995 est.)" );; line 110622 (wfb::source-text total_fertility_rate togo "6.83 children born/woman (1995 est.)" );; line 110626 (wfb::source-text nationality togo noun "Togolese (singular and plural)" );; line 110631 (wfb::source-text nationality togo adjective "Togolese" );; line 110633 (wfb::source-text ethnic-entity togo "37 tribes; largest and most important are Ewe, Mina, and Kabye, European and Syrian-Lebanese under 1%" );; line 110637 (wfb::source-text religion togo "indigenous beliefs 70%, Christian 20%, Muslim 10%" );; line 110642 (wfb::source-text language togo "French (official and the language of commerce), Ewe and Mina (the two major African languages in the south), Dagomba and Kabye (the two major African languages in the north)" );; line 110646 (wfb::source-text literacy togo "age 15 and over can read and write (1990 est.)" );; line 110652 (wfb::source-text literacy togo total_population "43%" );; line 110654 (wfb::source-text literacy togo male "56%" );; line 110656 (wfb::source-text literacy togo female "31%" );; line 110658 (wfb::source-text total_labor_force togo "NA" );; line 110662 (wfb::source-text labor_force_by_occupation togo by_occupation "agriculture 80%" );; line 110664 (wfb::source-text names togo conventional_long_form "Republic of Togo" );; line 110673 (wfb::source-text names togo conventional_short_form "Togo" );; line 110675 (wfb::source-text names togo local_long_form "Republique Togolaise" );; line 110677 (wfb::source-text names togo local_short_form "none" );; line 110679 (wfb::source-text names togo former "French Togo" );; line 110681 (wfb::source-text digraph togo "TO" );; line 110685 (wfb::source-text type togo "republic under transition to multiparty democratic rule" );; line 110689 (wfb::source-text capital togo "Lome" );; line 110693 (wfb::source-text administrative_divisions togo "23 circumscriptions (circonscriptions, singular - circonscription); Amlame (Amou), Aneho (Lacs), Atakpame (Ogou), Badou (Wawa), Bafilo (Assoli), Bassar (Bassari), Dapango (Tone), Kande (Keran), Klouto (Kloto), Pagouda (Binah), Lama-Kara (Kozah), Lome (Golfe), Mango (Oti), Niamtougou (Doufelgou), Notse (Haho), Pagouda, Sotouboua, Tabligbo (Yoto), Tchamba, Nyala, Tchaoudjo, Tsevie (Zio), Vogan (Vo)" );; line 110697 (wfb::source-text independence togo "27 April 1960 (from French-administered UN trusteeship)" );; line 110709 (wfb::source-text national_holiday togo "Independence Day, 27 April (1960)" );; line 110713 (wfb::source-text constitution togo "multiparty draft constitution approved by High Council of the Republic 1 July 1992; adopted by public referendum 27 September 1992" );; line 110717 (wfb::source-text legal_system togo "French-based court system" );; line 110722 (wfb::source-text suffrage togo "NA years of age; universal adult" );; line 110726 (wfb::source-text executive_branch togo chief_of_state "President Gen. Gnassingbe EYADEMA (since 14 April 1967); election last held 25 August 1993 (next election to be held NA 1998); all major opposition parties boycotted the election; Gen. EYADEMA won 96.5% of the vote" );; line 110731 (wfb::source-text executive_branch togo head_of_government "Prime Minister Edem KODJO (since April 1994)" );; line 110735 (wfb::source-text executive_branch togo cabinet "Council of Ministers; appointed by the president and the prime minister" );; line 110737 (wfb::source-text legislative_structure togo "unicameral" );; line 110742 (wfb::source-text legislative_branch togo national_assembly "elections last held 6 and 20 February 1994 (next to be held NA); results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (81 total) CAR 36, RPT 35, UTD 7, UJD 2, CFN 1" );; line 110744 (wfb::source-text judicial_branch togo "Court of Appeal (Cour d'Appel), Supreme Court (Cour Supreme)" );; line 110755 (wfb::source-text political_parties_and_leaders togo "Rally of the Togolese People (RPT), President Gen. Gnassingbe EYADEMA; Coordination des Forces Nouvelles (CFN), Joseph KOFFIGOH; The Togolese Union for Democracy (UTD), Edem KODJO; The Action Committee for Renewal (CAR), Yao AGBOYIBOR; The Union for Democracy and Solidarity (UDS), Antoine FOLLY; The Pan-African Sociodemocrats Group (GSP), an alliance of three radical parties: The Democratic Convention of African Peoples (CDPA), Leopold GNININVI; The Party for Democracy and Renewal (PDR), Zarifou AYEVA; The Pan-African Social Party (PSP), Francis AGBAGLI; The Union of Forces for Change (UFC), Gilchrist OLYMPIO (in exile); Union of Justice and Democracy (UJD), Lal TAXPANDJAN" );; line 110759 (wfb::source-text member_of togo "ACCT, ACP, AfDB, CCC, CEAO (observer), ECA, ECOWAS, Entente, FAO, FZ, G-77, GATT, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, ITU, MINURSO, NAM, OAU, UN, UNAMIR, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WADB, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO" );; line 110776 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us togo chief_of_mission "Charge d'Affaires Edem Frederic HEGBE" );; line 110784 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us togo chancery "2208 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008" );; line 110786 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us togo telephone "[1] (202) 234-4212" );; line 110788 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us togo fax "[1] (202) 232-3190" );; line 110790 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation togo chief_of_mission "Ambassador Johnny YOUNG (since September 1994)" );; line 110795 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation togo embassy "Rue Pelletier Caventou and Rue Vauban, Lome" );; line 110797 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation togo mailing_address "B. P. 852, Lome" );; line 110799 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation togo telephone "[228] 21 77 17, 21 29 91 through 21 29 94" );; line 110801 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation togo fax "[228] 21 79 52" );; line 110803 (wfb::source-text flag togo "five equal horizontal bands of green (top and bottom) alternating with yellow; there is a white five-pointed star on a red square in the upper hoist-side corner; uses the popular pan-African colors of Ethiopia" );; line 110807 (wfb::source-text overview togo "The economy is heavily dependent on subsistence agriculture, which accounts for about half of GDP and provides employment for 80% of the labor force. Primary agricultural exports are cocoa, coffee, and cotton, which together generate about 30% of total export earnings. Togo is self-sufficient in basic foodstuffs when harvests are normal. In the industrial sector phosphate mining is by far the most important activity, although it has suffered from the collapse of world phosphate prices and increased foreign competition. Togo serves as a regional commercial and trade center. The government's decade-long IMF and World Bank supported effort to implement economic reform measures to encourage foreign investment and bring revenues in line with expenditures has stalled. Political unrest, including private and public sector strikes throughout 1992 and 1993, has jeopardized the reform program, shrunk the tax base, and disrupted vital economic activity. Although strikes had ended in 1994, political unrest and lack of funds prevented the government from taking advantage of the 50% currency devaluation of January 1994. Resumption of World Bank and IMF flows will depend on implementation of several controversial moves toward privatization and on downsizing the military, on which the regime depends to stay in power." );; line 110814 (wfb::source-text national_product togo "GDP - purchasing power parity - $3.3 billion (1993 est.)" );; line 110835 (wfb::source-text national_product_real_growth_rate togo "NA%" );; line 110839 (wfb::source-text national_product_per_capita togo "$800 (1993 est.)" );; line 110843 (wfb::source-text |Inflation rate (consumer prices)| togo "0.5% (1991 est.)" );; line 110847 (wfb::source-text unemployment_rate togo "NA%" );; line 110851 (wfb::source-text budget togo revenues "$284 million" );; line 110856 (wfb::source-text budget togo expenditures "$407 million, including capital expenditures of $NA (1991 est.)" );; line 110858 (wfb::source-text exports togo "$221 million (f.o.b., 1993)" );; line 110862 (wfb::source-text exports togo commodities "phosphates, cotton, cocoa, coffee" );; line 110864 (wfb::source-text exports togo partners "EC 40%, Africa 16%, US 1% (1990)" );; line 110866 (wfb::source-text imports togo "$292 million (c.i.f., 1993)" );; line 110870 (wfb::source-text imports togo commodities "machinery and equipment, consumer goods, food, chemical products" );; line 110872 (wfb::source-text imports togo partners "EC 57%, Africa 17%, US 5%, Japan 4% (1990)" );; line 110874 (wfb::source-text external_debt togo "$1.3 billion (1991)" );; line 110878 (wfb::source-text industrial_production togo "growth rate 9% (1991 est.); accounts for 20% of GDP" );; line 110882 (wfb::source-text electricity togo capacity "30,000 kW" );; line 110887 (wfb::source-text electricity togo production "60 million kWh" );; line 110889 (wfb::source-text electricity togo consumption_per_capita "83 kWh (1993)" );; line 110891 (wfb::source-text industry togo "phosphate mining, agricultural processing, cement, handicrafts, textiles, beverages" );; line 110895 (wfb::source-text agriculture togo "accounts for 49% of GDP; cash crops - coffee, cocoa, cotton; food crops - yams, cassava, corn, beans, rice, millet, sorghum; livestock production not significant; annual fish catch of 10,000-14,000 tons" );; line 110900 (wfb::source-text illicit_drugs togo "increasingly used as transit hub by heroin traffickers" );; line 110906 (wfb::source-text economic_aid togo recipient "US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-90), $142 million; Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-90), $2 billion; OPEC bilateral aid (1979-89), $35 million; Communist countries (1970-89), $51 million" );; line 110911 (wfb::source-text currency togo "1 CFA franc (CFAF) = 100 centimes" );; line 110918 (wfb::source-text exchange_rates togo "Communaute Financiere Africaine francs (CFAF) per US$1 - 529.43 (January 1995), 555.20 (1994), 283.16 (1993), 264.69 (1992), 282.11 (1991), 272.26 (1990)" );; line 110922 (wfb::source-text fiscal_year togo "calendar year" );; line 110932 (wfb::source-text railroads togo total "532 km" );; line 110938 (wfb::source-text railroads togo narrow_gauge "532 km 1.000-m gauge" );; line 110940 (wfb::source-text highways togo total "6,462 km" );; line 110945 (wfb::source-text highways togo paved "1,762 km" );; line 110947 (wfb::source-text highways togo unpaved "unimproved earth 4,700 km" );; line 110949 (wfb::source-text inland_waterways togo "50 km Mono River" );; line 110953 (wfb::source-text port togo "Kpeme, Lome" );; line 110957 (wfb::source-text merchant_marine togo "none" );; line 110961 (wfb::source-text airports togo total "9" );; line 110966 (wfb::source-text airports togo |with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m| "2" );; line 110968 (wfb::source-text airports togo with_paved_runways_under_914_m "2" );; line 110970 (wfb::source-text airports togo |with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m| "5" );; line 110972 (wfb::source-text telephone_system togo "NA telephones; fair system based on network of radio relay routes supplemented by open wire lines" );; line 110977 (wfb::source-text telephone_system togo local "NA" );; line 110980 (wfb::source-text telephone_system togo intercity "microwave radio relay and open wire lines" );; line 110982 (wfb::source-text telephone_system togo international "1 Atlantic Ocean INTELSAT and 1 SYMPHONIE earth station" );; line 110984 (wfb::source-text radio togo broadcast_stations "AM 2, FM 0, shortwave 0" );; line 110989 (wfb::source-text radio togo radios "NA" );; line 110991 (wfb::source-text television togo broadcast_stations "3 (relays 2)" );; line 110996 (wfb::source-text television togo televisions "NA" );; line 110998 (wfb::source-text defense_branch togo "Army, Navy, Air Force, Gendarmerie" );; line 111004 (wfb::source-text manpower_availability togo "males age 15-49 936,270; males fit for military service 491,578 (1995 est.)" );; line 111008 (wfb::source-text defense_expenditures togo "exchange rate conversion - $48 million, 2.9% of GDP (1993)" );; line 111013 (wfb::source-text location tokelau "Oceania, group of islands in the South Pacific Ocean, about one-half of the way from Hawaii to New Zealand" );; line 111023 (wfb::source-text map_references tokelau "Oceania" );; line 111028 (wfb::source-text area tokelau total_area "10 sq km" );; line 111033 (wfb::source-text area tokelau land_area "10 sq km" );; line 111035 (wfb::source-text area tokelau comparative_area "about 17 times the size of The Mall in Washington, DC" );; line 111037 (wfb::source-text borders tokelau "0 km" );; line 111041 (wfb::source-text coastline tokelau "101 km" );; line 111045 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims tokelau exclusive_economic_zone "200 nm" );; line 111050 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims tokelau territorial_sea "12 nm" );; line 111052 (wfb::source-text international_disputes tokelau "none" );; line 111056 (wfb::source-text climate tokelau "tropical; moderated by trade winds (April to November)" );; line 111060 (wfb::source-text terrain tokelau "coral atolls enclosing large lagoons" );; line 111064 (wfb::source-text natural-resource tokelau "negligible" );; line 111068 (wfb::source-text land_use tokelau arable_land "0%" );; line 111073 (wfb::source-text land_use tokelau permanent_crops "0%" );; line 111075 (wfb::source-text land_use tokelau meadows_and_pastures "0%" );; line 111077 (wfb::source-text land_use tokelau forest_and_woodland "0%" );; line 111079 (wfb::source-text land_use tokelau other "100%" );; line 111081 (wfb::source-text irrigated_land tokelau "NA sq km" );; line 111085 (wfb::source-text environment tokelau current_issues "very limited natural resources and overcrowding are contributing to emigration to New Zealand" );; line 111090 (wfb::source-text environment tokelau natural_hazards "lies in Pacific typhoon belt" );; line 111093 (wfb::source-text environment tokelau international_agreements "NA" );; line 111095 (wfb::source-text population tokelau "1,503 (July 1995 est.)" );; line 111101 (wfb::source-text age_structure tokelau 0-14_years "NA" );; line 111106 (wfb::source-text age_structure tokelau 15-64_years "NA" );; line 111108 (wfb::source-text age_structure tokelau 65_years_and_over "NA" );; line 111110 (wfb::source-text population_growth_rate tokelau "-1.3% (1995 est.)" );; line 111114 (wfb::source-text birth_rate tokelau "NA births/1,000 population" );; line 111118 (wfb::source-text death_rate tokelau "NA deaths/1,000 population" );; line 111122 (wfb::source-text net_migration_rate tokelau "NA migrant(s)/1,000 population" );; line 111126 (wfb::source-text infant_mortality_rate tokelau "NA deaths/1,000 live births" );; line 111130 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth tokelau total_population "NA years" );; line 111135 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth tokelau male "NA years" );; line 111137 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth tokelau female "NA years" );; line 111139 (wfb::source-text total_fertility_rate tokelau "NA children born/woman" );; line 111143 (wfb::source-text nationality tokelau noun "Tokelauan(s)" );; line 111148 (wfb::source-text nationality tokelau adjective "Tokelauan" );; line 111150 (wfb::source-text ethnic-entity tokelau "Polynesian" );; line 111154 (wfb::source-text religion tokelau "Congregational Christian Church 70%, Roman Catholic 28%, other 2%" );; line 111158 (wfb::source-text language tokelau "Tokelauan (a Polynesian language), English" );; line 111167 (wfb::source-text total_labor_force tokelau "NA" );; line 111171 (wfb::source-text names tokelau conventional_long_form "none" );; line 111177 (wfb::source-text names tokelau conventional_short_form "Tokelau" );; line 111179 (wfb::source-text digraph tokelau "TL" );; line 111183 (wfb::source-text type tokelau "territory of New Zealand" );; line 111187 (wfb::source-text capital tokelau "none; each atoll has its own administrative center" );; line 111191 (wfb::source-text administrative_divisions tokelau "none (territory of New Zealand)" );; line 111195 (wfb::source-text independence tokelau "none (territory of New Zealand)" );; line 111199 (wfb::source-text national_holiday tokelau "Waitangi Day, 6 February (1840) (Treaty of Waitangi established British sovereignty over New Zealand)" );; line 111203 (wfb::source-text constitution tokelau "administered under the Tokelau Islands Act of 1948, as amended in 1970" );; line 111208 (wfb::source-text legal_system tokelau "British and local statutes" );; line 111213 (wfb::source-text suffrage tokelau "NA" );; line 111217 (wfb::source-text executive_branch tokelau chief_of_state "Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952)" );; line 111222 (wfb::source-text executive_branch tokelau head_of_government "Administrator Graham ANSELL (since NA 1990; appointed by the Minister of Foreign Affairs in New Zealand); Official Secretary Casimilo J. PEREZ (since NA), Office of Tokelau Affairs; Tokelau's governing Council will elect its first head of government" );; line 111224 (wfb::source-text legislative_structure tokelau "unicameral Council of Elders (Taupulega) on each atoll" );; line 111231 (wfb::source-text judicial_branch tokelau "High Court in Niue, Supreme Court in New Zealand" );; line 111235 (wfb::source-text political_parties_and_leaders tokelau "NA" );; line 111239 (wfb::source-text member_of tokelau "SPC, WHO (associate)" );; line 111243 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us tokelau "none (territory of New Zealand)" );; line 111247 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation tokelau "none (territory of New Zealand)" );; line 111251 (wfb::source-text flag tokelau "the flag of New Zealand is used" );; line 111255 (wfb::source-text overview tokelau "Tokelau's small size, isolation, and lack of resources greatly restrain economic development and confine agriculture to the subsistence level. The people must rely on aid from New Zealand to maintain public services, annual aid being substantially greater than GDP. The principal sources of revenue come from sales of copra, postage stamps, souvenir coins, and handicrafts. Money is also remitted to families from relatives in New Zealand." );; line 111260 (wfb::source-text national_product tokelau "GDP - purchasing power parity - $1.5 million (1993 est.)" );; line 111269 (wfb::source-text national_product_real_growth_rate tokelau "NA%" );; line 111273 (wfb::source-text national_product_per_capita tokelau "$1,000 (1993 est.)" );; line 111277 (wfb::source-text |Inflation rate (consumer prices)| tokelau "NA%" );; line 111281 (wfb::source-text unemployment_rate tokelau "NA%" );; line 111285 (wfb::source-text budget tokelau revenues "$430,830" );; line 111290 (wfb::source-text budget tokelau expenditures "$2.8 billion, including capital expenditures of $37,300 (1987 est.)" );; line 111292 (wfb::source-text exports tokelau "$98,000 (f.o.b., 1983)" );; line 111297 (wfb::source-text exports tokelau commodities "stamps, copra, handicrafts" );; line 111299 (wfb::source-text exports tokelau partners "NZ" );; line 111301 (wfb::source-text imports tokelau "$323,400 (c.i.f., 1983)" );; line 111305 (wfb::source-text imports tokelau commodities "foodstuffs, building materials, fuel" );; line 111307 (wfb::source-text imports tokelau partners "NZ" );; line 111309 (wfb::source-text external_debt tokelau "$0" );; line 111313 (wfb::source-text industrial_production tokelau "growth rate NA%" );; line 111317 (wfb::source-text electricity tokelau capacity "200 kW" );; line 111322 (wfb::source-text electricity tokelau production "300,000 kWh" );; line 111324 (wfb::source-text electricity tokelau consumption_per_capita "180 kWh (1990)" );; line 111326 (wfb::source-text industry tokelau "small-scale enterprises for copra production, wood work, plaited craft goods; stamps, coins; fishing" );; line 111330 (wfb::source-text agriculture tokelau "coconuts, copra; basic subsistence crops - breadfruit, papaya, bananas; pigs, poultry, goats" );; line 111335 (wfb::source-text economic_aid tokelau recipient "Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-89), $24 million" );; line 111341 (wfb::source-text currency tokelau "1 New Zealand dollar (NZ$) = 100 cents" );; line 111346 (wfb::source-text exchange_rates tokelau "New Zealand dollars (NZ$) per US$1 - 1.5601 (January 1995), 1.6844 (1994), 1.8495 (1993), 1.8584 (1992), l.7265 (1991), 1.6750 (1990)" );; line 111350 (wfb::source-text fiscal_year tokelau "1 April - 31 March" );; line 111355 (wfb::source-text railroads tokelau "0 km" );; line 111360 (wfb::source-text highways tokelau total "NA" );; line 111365 (wfb::source-text highways tokelau paved "NA" );; line 111367 (wfb::source-text highways tokelau unpaved "NA" );; line 111369 (wfb::source-text port tokelau "none; offshore anchorage only" );; line 111373 (wfb::source-text merchant_marine tokelau "none" );; line 111377 (wfb::source-text airports tokelau "none; lagoon landings by amphibious aircraft from Western Samoa" );; line 111381 (wfb::source-text telephone_system tokelau "NA telephones" );; line 111386 (wfb::source-text telephone_system tokelau local "NA" );; line 111388 (wfb::source-text telephone_system tokelau intercity "radiotelephone service between islands" );; line 111390 (wfb::source-text telephone_system tokelau international "radiotelephone service to Western Samoa" );; line 111392 (wfb::source-text radio tokelau broadcast_stations "AM NA, FM NA, shortwave NA" );; line 111397 (wfb::source-text radio tokelau radios "NA" );; line 111399 (wfb::source-text television tokelau broadcast_stations "NA" );; line 111404 (wfb::source-text television tokelau televisions "NA" );; line 111406 (wfb::source-text note tokelau "defense is the responsibility of New Zealand" );; line 111412 (wfb::source-text location tonga "Oceania, archipelago in the South Pacific Ocean, about two-thirds of the way from Hawaii to New Zealand" );; line 111422 (wfb::source-text map_references tonga "Oceania" );; line 111427 (wfb::source-text area tonga total_area "748 sq km" );; line 111432 (wfb::source-text area tonga land_area "718 sq km" );; line 111434 (wfb::source-text area tonga comparative_area "slightly more than four times the size of Washington, DC" );; line 111436 (wfb::source-text borders tonga "0 km" );; line 111440 (wfb::source-text coastline tonga "419 km" );; line 111444 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims tonga continental_shelf "200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation" );; line 111449 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims tonga exclusive_economic_zone "200 nm" );; line 111451 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims tonga territorial_sea "12 nm" );; line 111453 (wfb::source-text international_disputes tonga "none" );; line 111457 (wfb::source-text climate tonga "tropical; modified by trade winds; warm season (December to May), cool season (May to December)" );; line 111461 (wfb::source-text terrain tonga "most islands have limestone base formed from uplifted coral formation; others have limestone overlying volcanic base" );; line 111466 (wfb::source-text natural-resource tonga "fish, fertile soil" );; line 111471 (wfb::source-text land_use tonga arable_land "25%" );; line 111476 (wfb::source-text land_use tonga permanent_crops "55%" );; line 111478 (wfb::source-text land_use tonga meadows_and_pastures "6%" );; line 111480 (wfb::source-text land_use tonga forest_and_woodland "12%" );; line 111482 (wfb::source-text land_use tonga other "2%" );; line 111484 (wfb::source-text irrigated_land tonga "NA sq km" );; line 111488 (wfb::source-text environment tonga current_issues "deforestation results as more and more land is being cleared for agriculture and settlement; some damage to coral reefs from starfish and indiscriminate coral and shell collectors; overhunting threatens native sea turtle populations" );; line 111493 (wfb::source-text environment tonga natural_hazards "cyclones (October to April); earthquakes and volcanic activity on Fonuafo'ou" );; line 111498 (wfb::source-text environment tonga international_agreements "party to - Marine Life Conservation, Nuclear Test Ban" );; line 111501 (wfb::source-text note tonga "archipelago of 170 islands (36 inhabited)" );; line 111505 (wfb::source-text population tonga "105,600 (July 1995 est.)" );; line 111511 (wfb::source-text age_structure tonga 0-14_years "NA" );; line 111516 (wfb::source-text age_structure tonga 15-64_years "NA" );; line 111518 (wfb::source-text age_structure tonga 65_years_and_over "NA" );; line 111520 (wfb::source-text population_growth_rate tonga "0.78% (1995 est.)" );; line 111524 (wfb::source-text birth_rate tonga "24.37 births/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 111528 (wfb::source-text death_rate tonga "6.75 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 111532 (wfb::source-text net_migration_rate tonga "-9.87 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 111536 (wfb::source-text infant_mortality_rate tonga "20.2 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.)" );; line 111540 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth tonga total_population "68.16 years" );; line 111545 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth tonga male "65.8 years" );; line 111547 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth tonga female "70.62 years (1995 est.)" );; line 111549 (wfb::source-text total_fertility_rate tonga "3.56 children born/woman (1995 est.)" );; line 111553 (wfb::source-text nationality tonga noun "Tongan(s)" );; line 111558 (wfb::source-text nationality tonga adjective "Tongan" );; line 111560 (wfb::source-text ethnic-entity tonga "Polynesian, Europeans about 300" );; line 111564 (wfb::source-text religion tonga "Christian (Free Wesleyan Church claims over 30,000 adherents)" );; line 111568 (wfb::source-text language tonga "Tongan, English" );; line 111572 (wfb::source-text literacy tonga "age 15 and over can read and write simple message in Tongan or English (1976)" );; line 111576 (wfb::source-text literacy tonga total_population "100%" );; line 111579 (wfb::source-text literacy tonga male "100%" );; line 111581 (wfb::source-text literacy tonga female "100%" );; line 111583 (wfb::source-text total_labor_force tonga "NA" );; line 111587 (wfb::source-text labor_force_by_occupation tonga by_occupation "agriculture 70%, mining (600 engaged in mining)" );; line 111589 (wfb::source-text names tonga conventional_long_form "Kingdom of Tonga" );; line 111595 (wfb::source-text names tonga conventional_short_form "Tonga" );; line 111597 (wfb::source-text names tonga former "Friendly Islands" );; line 111599 (wfb::source-text digraph tonga "TN" );; line 111603 (wfb::source-text type tonga "hereditary constitutional monarchy" );; line 111607 (wfb::source-text capital tonga "Nuku'alofa" );; line 111611 (wfb::source-text administrative_divisions tonga "three island groups; Ha'apai, Tongatapu, Vava'u" );; line 111615 (wfb::source-text independence tonga "4 June 1970 (emancipation from UK protectorate)" );; line 111619 (wfb::source-text national_holiday tonga "Emancipation Day, 4 June (1970)" );; line 111623 (wfb::source-text constitution tonga "4 November 1875, revised 1 January 1967" );; line 111627 (wfb::source-text legal_system tonga "based on English law" );; line 111631 (wfb::source-text suffrage tonga "21 years of age; universal" );; line 111635 (wfb::source-text executive_branch tonga chief_of_state "King Taufa'ahau TUPOU IV (since 16 December 1965)" );; line 111640 (wfb::source-text executive_branch tonga head_of_government "Prime Minister Baron VAEA (since 22 August 1991); Deputy Prime Minister S. Langi KAVALIKU (since 22 August 1991)" );; line 111642 (wfb::source-text executive_branch tonga cabinet "Cabinet; appointed by the king" );; line 111645 (wfb::source-text executive_branch tonga privy_council "consists of the king and the cabinet" );; line 111647 (wfb::source-text legislative_structure tonga "unicameral; consists of twelve cabinet ministers sitting ex-officio, nine nobles selected by the country's thirty-three nobles, and nine people's representatives elected by the populace" );; line 111651 (wfb::source-text legislative_branch tonga |Legislative Assembly (Fale Alea)| "elections last held 3-4 February 1993 (next to be held NA February 1996); results - percent of vote NA; seats - (30 total, 9 elected) 6 proreform, 3 traditionalist" );; line 111655 (wfb::source-text judicial_branch tonga "Supreme Court" );; line 111661 (wfb::source-text political_parties_and_leaders tonga "Tonga People's Party, Viliami FUKOFUKA" );; line 111665 (wfb::source-text member_of tonga "ACP, AsDB, C, ESCAP, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IMF, INTELSAT (nonsignatory user), INTERPOL, IOC, ITU, SPARTECA, SPC, SPF, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WHO" );; line 111669 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us tonga "Ambassador Sione KITE, resides in London" );; line 111675 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us tonga |consulate(s) general| "San Francisco" );; line 111677 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation tonga "the US has no offices in Tonga; the ambassador to Fiji is accredited to Tonga" );; line 111681 (wfb::source-text flag tonga "red with a bold red cross on a white rectangle in the upper hoist-side corner" );; line 111686 (wfb::source-text overview tonga "The economy's base is agriculture, which employs about 70% of the labor force and contributes 40% to GDP. Squash, coconuts, bananas, and vanilla beans are the main crops, and agricultural exports make up two-thirds of total exports. The country must import a high proportion of its food, mainly from New Zealand. The manufacturing sector accounts for only 11% of GDP. Tourism is the primary source of hard currency earnings, but the country also remains dependent on sizable external aid and remittances to offset its trade deficit. The economy continued to grow in 1993-94 largely because of a rise in squash exports, increased aid flows, and several large construction projects. The government is now turning its attention to further development of the private sector and the reduction of the budget deficit." );; line 111692 (wfb::source-text national_product tonga "GDP - purchasing power parity - $214 million (1994 est.)" );; line 111706 (wfb::source-text national_product_real_growth_rate tonga "5% (1994 est.)" );; line 111710 (wfb::source-text national_product_per_capita tonga "$2,050 (1994 est.)" );; line 111714 (wfb::source-text |Inflation rate (consumer prices)| tonga "3% (1993)" );; line 111718 (wfb::source-text unemployment_rate tonga "NA%" );; line 111722 (wfb::source-text budget tonga revenues "$36.4 million" );; line 111727 (wfb::source-text budget tonga expenditures "$68.1 million, including capital expenditures of $33.2 million (1991 est.)" );; line 111729 (wfb::source-text exports tonga "$11.3 million (f.o.b., FY92/93)" );; line 111734 (wfb::source-text exports tonga commodities "squash, vanilla, fish, root crops, coconut oil" );; line 111736 (wfb::source-text exports tonga partners "Japan 34%, US 17%, Australia 13%, NZ 13% (FY90/91)" );; line 111738 (wfb::source-text imports tonga "$56 million (c.i.f., FY92/93)" );; line 111742 (wfb::source-text imports tonga commodities "food products, machinery and transport equipment, manufactures, fuels, chemicals" );; line 111744 (wfb::source-text imports tonga partners "NZ 33%, Australia 22%, US 8%, Japan 8% (FY90/91)" );; line 111747 (wfb::source-text external_debt tonga "$47.5 million (FY90/91)" );; line 111751 (wfb::source-text industrial_production tonga "growth rate 1.5% (FY91/92); accounts for 11% of GDP" );; line 111755 (wfb::source-text electricity tonga capacity "6,000 kW" );; line 111760 (wfb::source-text electricity tonga production "30 million kWh" );; line 111762 (wfb::source-text electricity tonga consumption_per_capita "231 kWh (1993)" );; line 111764 (wfb::source-text industry tonga "tourism, fishing" );; line 111768 (wfb::source-text agriculture tonga "accounts for 40% of GDP; dominated by coconut, copra, and banana production; vanilla beans, cocoa, coffee, ginger, black pepper" );; line 111772 (wfb::source-text economic_aid tonga recipient "US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-89), $16 million; Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-89), $258 million" );; line 111778 (wfb::source-text currency tonga "1 pa'anga (T$) = 100 seniti" );; line 111783 (wfb::source-text exchange_rates tonga "pa'anga (T$) per US$1 - 1.2653 (January 1995), 1.3202 (1994), 1.3841 (1993), 1.3471 (1992), 1.2961 (1991), 1.2800 (1990)" );; line 111787 (wfb::source-text fiscal_year tonga "1 July - 30 June" );; line 111792 (wfb::source-text railroads tonga "0 km" );; line 111797 (wfb::source-text highways tonga total "366 km" );; line 111802 (wfb::source-text highways tonga paved "272 km (198 km on Tongatapu; 74 km on Vava'u)" );; line 111804 (wfb::source-text highways tonga unpaved "94 km (usable only in dry weather)" );; line 111806 (wfb::source-text port tonga "Neiafu, Nuku'alofa, Pangai" );; line 111810 (wfb::source-text merchant_marine tonga total "2 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 5,440 GRT/8,984 DWT" );; line 111815 (wfb::source-text merchant_marine tonga ships_by_type "cargo 1, roll-on/roll-off cargo 1" );; line 111817 (wfb::source-text airports tonga total "6" );; line 111822 (wfb::source-text airports tonga |with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m| "1" );; line 111824 (wfb::source-text airports tonga with_paved_runways_under_914_m "2" );; line 111826 (wfb::source-text airports tonga |with unpaved runways 1,524 to 2,438 m| "1" );; line 111828 (wfb::source-text airports tonga |with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m| "2" );; line 111830 (wfb::source-text telephone_system tonga "3,529 telephones" );; line 111835 (wfb::source-text telephone_system tonga local "NA" );; line 111837 (wfb::source-text telephone_system tonga intercity "NA" );; line 111839 (wfb::source-text telephone_system tonga international "1 INTELSAT (Pacific Ocean) earth station" );; line 111841 (wfb::source-text radio tonga broadcast_stations "AM 1, FM 0, shortwave 0" );; line 111846 (wfb::source-text radio tonga radios "66,000" );; line 111848 (wfb::source-text television tonga broadcast_stations "0" );; line 111853 (wfb::source-text television tonga televisions "NA" );; line 111855 (wfb::source-text defense_branch tonga "Tonga Defense Services, Maritime Division, Royal Tongan Marines, Tongan Royal Guards, Police" );; line 111861 (wfb::source-text defense_expenditures tonga "$NA, NA% of GDP" );; line 111866 (wfb::source-text location trinidad_and_tobago "Caribbean, islands between the Caribbean Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean, northeast of Venezuela" );; line 111876 (wfb::source-text map_references trinidad_and_tobago "Central America and the Caribbean" );; line 111881 (wfb::source-text area trinidad_and_tobago total_area "5,130 sq km" );; line 111886 (wfb::source-text area trinidad_and_tobago land_area "5,130 sq km" );; line 111888 (wfb::source-text area trinidad_and_tobago comparative_area "slightly smaller than Delaware" );; line 111890 (wfb::source-text borders trinidad_and_tobago "0 km" );; line 111894 (wfb::source-text coastline trinidad_and_tobago "362 km" );; line 111898 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims trinidad_and_tobago contiguous_zone "24 nm" );; line 111903 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims trinidad_and_tobago continental_shelf "200 nm or to the outer edge of the continental margin" );; line 111905 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims trinidad_and_tobago exclusive_economic_zone "200 nm" );; line 111907 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims trinidad_and_tobago territorial_sea "12 nm" );; line 111909 (wfb::source-text international_disputes trinidad_and_tobago "none" );; line 111913 (wfb::source-text climate trinidad_and_tobago "tropical; rainy season (June to December)" );; line 111917 (wfb::source-text terrain trinidad_and_tobago "mostly plains with some hills and low mountains" );; line 111921 (wfb::source-text natural-resource trinidad_and_tobago "petroleum, natural gas, asphalt" );; line 111925 (wfb::source-text land_use trinidad_and_tobago arable_land "14%" );; line 111930 (wfb::source-text land_use trinidad_and_tobago permanent_crops "17%" );; line 111932 (wfb::source-text land_use trinidad_and_tobago meadows_and_pastures "2%" );; line 111934 (wfb::source-text land_use trinidad_and_tobago forest_and_woodland "44%" );; line 111936 (wfb::source-text land_use trinidad_and_tobago other "23%" );; line 111938 (wfb::source-text irrigated_land trinidad_and_tobago "220 sq km (1989 est.)" );; line 111942 (wfb::source-text environment trinidad_and_tobago current_issues "water pollution from agricultural chemicals, industrial wastes, and raw sewage; oil pollution of beaches; deforestation; soil erosion" );; line 111947 (wfb::source-text environment trinidad_and_tobago natural_hazards "outside usual path of hurricanes and other tropical storms" );; line 111950 (wfb::source-text environment trinidad_and_tobago international_agreements "party to - Climate Change, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Life Conservation, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Tropical Timber 83, Wetlands; signed, but not ratified - Biodiversity" );; line 111952 (wfb::source-text population trinidad_and_tobago "1,271,159 (July 1995 est.)" );; line 111960 (wfb::source-text age_structure trinidad_and_tobago 0-14_years "31% (female 191,627; male 198,225)" );; line 111965 (wfb::source-text age_structure trinidad_and_tobago 15-64_years "64% (female 399,726; male 407,495)" );; line 111967 (wfb::source-text age_structure trinidad_and_tobago 65_years_and_over "5% (female 40,577; male 33,509) (July 1995 est.)" );; line 111969 (wfb::source-text population_growth_rate trinidad_and_tobago "0.12% (1995 est.)" );; line 111973 (wfb::source-text birth_rate trinidad_and_tobago "16.62 births/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 111977 (wfb::source-text death_rate trinidad_and_tobago "6.88 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 111981 (wfb::source-text net_migration_rate trinidad_and_tobago "-8.59 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 111985 (wfb::source-text infant_mortality_rate trinidad_and_tobago "18.5 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.)" );; line 111989 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth trinidad_and_tobago total_population "70.14 years" );; line 111994 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth trinidad_and_tobago male "67.75 years" );; line 111996 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth trinidad_and_tobago female "72.6 years (1995 est.)" );; line 111998 (wfb::source-text total_fertility_rate trinidad_and_tobago "2.01 children born/woman (1995 est.)" );; line 112002 (wfb::source-text nationality trinidad_and_tobago noun "Trinidadian(s), Tobagonian(s)" );; line 112007 (wfb::source-text nationality trinidad_and_tobago adjective "Trinidadian, Tobagonian" );; line 112009 (wfb::source-text ethnic-entity trinidad_and_tobago "black 43%, East Indian (a local term - primarily immigrants from northern India) 40%, mixed 14%, white 1%, Chinese 1%, other 1%" );; line 112013 (wfb::source-text religion trinidad_and_tobago "Roman Catholic 32.2%, Hindu 24.3%, Anglican 14.4%, other Protestant 14%, Muslim 6%, none or unknown 9.1%" );; line 112018 (wfb::source-text language trinidad_and_tobago "English (official), Hindi, French, Spanish" );; line 112023 (wfb::source-text literacy trinidad_and_tobago "age 15 and over can read and write (1990)" );; line 112027 (wfb::source-text literacy trinidad_and_tobago total_population "97%" );; line 112029 (wfb::source-text literacy trinidad_and_tobago male "98%" );; line 112031 (wfb::source-text literacy trinidad_and_tobago female "96%" );; line 112033 (wfb::source-text total_labor_force trinidad_and_tobago "463,900" );; line 112037 (wfb::source-text labor_force_by_occupation trinidad_and_tobago by_occupation "construction and utilities 18.1%, manufacturing, mining, and quarrying 14.8%, agriculture 10.9%, other 56.2% (1985 est.)" );; line 112039 (wfb::source-text names trinidad_and_tobago conventional_long_form "Republic of Trinidad and Tobago" );; line 112046 (wfb::source-text names trinidad_and_tobago conventional_short_form "Trinidad and Tobago" );; line 112048 (wfb::source-text digraph trinidad_and_tobago "TD" );; line 112052 (wfb::source-text type trinidad_and_tobago "parliamentary democracy" );; line 112056 (wfb::source-text capital trinidad_and_tobago "Port-of-Spain" );; line 112060 (wfb::source-text administrative_divisions trinidad_and_tobago "8 counties, 3 municipalities*, and 1 ward**; Arima*, Caroni, Mayaro, Nariva, Port-of-Spain*, Saint Andrew, Saint David, Saint George, Saint Patrick, San Fernando*, Tobago**, Victoria" );; line 112064 (wfb::source-text independence trinidad_and_tobago "31 August 1962 (from UK)" );; line 112070 (wfb::source-text national_holiday trinidad_and_tobago "Independence Day, 31 August (1962)" );; line 112074 (wfb::source-text constitution trinidad_and_tobago "1 August 1976" );; line 112078 (wfb::source-text legal_system trinidad_and_tobago "based on English common law; judicial review of legislative acts in the Supreme Court; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction" );; line 112082 (wfb::source-text suffrage trinidad_and_tobago "18 years of age; universal" );; line 112087 (wfb::source-text executive_branch trinidad_and_tobago chief_of_state "President Noor Mohammed HASSANALI (since 18 March 1987)" );; line 112092 (wfb::source-text executive_branch trinidad_and_tobago head_of_government "Prime Minister Patrick Augustus Mervyn MANNING (since 17 December 1991)" );; line 112094 (wfb::source-text executive_branch trinidad_and_tobago cabinet "Cabinet; responsible to parliament" );; line 112097 (wfb::source-text legislative_structure trinidad_and_tobago "bicameral Parliament" );; line 112101 (wfb::source-text legislative_branch trinidad_and_tobago senate "consists of a 31-member body appointed by the president" );; line 112103 (wfb::source-text legislative_branch trinidad_and_tobago house_of_representatives "elections last held 16 December 1991 (next to be held by December 1996); results - PNM 32%, UNC 13%, NAR 2%; seats - (36 total) PNM 21, UNC 13, NAR 2" );; line 112105 (wfb::source-text judicial_branch trinidad_and_tobago "Court of Appeal, Supreme Court" );; line 112111 (wfb::source-text political_parties_and_leaders trinidad_and_tobago "People's National Movement (PNM), Patrick MANNING; United National Congress (UNC), Basdeo PANDAY; National Alliance for Reconstruction (NAR), Selby WILSON; Movement for Social Transformation (MOTION), David ABDULLAH; National Joint Action Committee (NJAC), Makandal DAAGA; Republican Party, Nello MITCHELL; National Development Party (NDP), Carson CHARLES; Movement for Unity and Progress (MUP), Hulsie BHAGGAN" );; line 112115 (wfb::source-text member_of trinidad_and_tobago "ACP, C, CARICOM, CCC, CDB, ECLAC, FAO, G-24, G-77, GATT, IADB, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, ISO, ITU, LAES, NAM, OAS, OPANAL, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNU, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO" );; line 112124 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us trinidad_and_tobago chief_of_mission "Ambassador Corinne Averille McKNIGHT" );; line 112132 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us trinidad_and_tobago chancery "1708 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20036" );; line 112134 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us trinidad_and_tobago telephone "[1] (202) 467-6490" );; line 112136 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us trinidad_and_tobago fax "[1] (202) 785-3130" );; line 112138 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us trinidad_and_tobago |consulate(s) general| "New York" );; line 112140 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation trinidad_and_tobago chief_of_mission "Ambassador Brian DONNELLY (since September 1994)" );; line 112145 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation trinidad_and_tobago embassy "15 Queen's Park West, Port-of-Spain" );; line 112147 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation trinidad_and_tobago mailing_address "P. O. Box 752, Port-of-Spain" );; line 112149 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation trinidad_and_tobago telephone "[1] (809) 622-6372 through 6376, 6176" );; line 112151 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation trinidad_and_tobago fax "[1] (809) 628-5462" );; line 112153 (wfb::source-text flag trinidad_and_tobago "red with a white-edged black diagonal band from the upper hoist side" );; line 112157 (wfb::source-text overview trinidad_and_tobago "Trinidad and Tobago's petroleum-based economy still enjoys a high per capita income by Latin American standards, even though output and living standards are substantially below the boom years of 1973-82. The country suffers from widespread unemployment, large foreign-debt payments, and periods of low international oil prices. The government has begun to make progress in its efforts to diversify exports and to liberalize its trade regime, making 1994 the first year of substantial growth since the early 1980s." );; line 112163 (wfb::source-text national_product trinidad_and_tobago "GDP - purchasing power parity - $15 billion (1994 est.)" );; line 112173 (wfb::source-text national_product_real_growth_rate trinidad_and_tobago "3% (1994 est.)" );; line 112177 (wfb::source-text national_product_per_capita trinidad_and_tobago "$11,280 (1994 est.)" );; line 112181 (wfb::source-text |Inflation rate (consumer prices)| trinidad_and_tobago "10.1% (1994 est.)" );; line 112185 (wfb::source-text unemployment_rate trinidad_and_tobago "18.1% (1994 )" );; line 112189 (wfb::source-text budget trinidad_and_tobago revenues "$1.6 billion" );; line 112194 (wfb::source-text budget trinidad_and_tobago expenditures "$1.6 billion, including capital expenditures of $158 million (1993 est.)" );; line 112196 (wfb::source-text exports trinidad_and_tobago "$1.9 billion (f.o.b., 1994)" );; line 112201 (wfb::source-text exports trinidad_and_tobago commodities "petroleum and petroleum products, chemicals, steel products, fertilizer, sugar, cocoa, coffee, citrus, flowers" );; line 112203 (wfb::source-text exports trinidad_and_tobago partners "US 44%, CARICOM 15%, Latin America 9%, EC 5% (1993)" );; line 112206 (wfb::source-text imports trinidad_and_tobago "$996 million (c.i.f., 1994)" );; line 112210 (wfb::source-text imports trinidad_and_tobago commodities "machinery, transportation equipment, manufactured goods, food, live animals" );; line 112212 (wfb::source-text imports trinidad_and_tobago partners "US 43%, Venezuela 10%, UK 8%, other EC 8% (1993)" );; line 112215 (wfb::source-text external_debt trinidad_and_tobago "$2 billion (1994)" );; line 112219 (wfb::source-text industrial_production trinidad_and_tobago "growth rate 1% (1994 est.); accounts for 39% of GDP, including petroleum" );; line 112223 (wfb::source-text electricity trinidad_and_tobago capacity "1,150,000 kW" );; line 112229 (wfb::source-text electricity trinidad_and_tobago production "3.9 billion kWh" );; line 112231 (wfb::source-text electricity trinidad_and_tobago consumption_per_capita "2,740 kWh (1993)" );; line 112233 (wfb::source-text industry trinidad_and_tobago "petroleum, chemicals, tourism, food processing, cement, beverage, cotton textiles" );; line 112237 (wfb::source-text agriculture trinidad_and_tobago "accounts for 3% of GDP; major crops - cocoa, sugarcane; sugarcane acreage is being shifted into rice, citrus, coffee, vegetables; poultry sector most important source of animal protein; must import large share of food needs" );; line 112242 (wfb::source-text illicit_drugs trinidad_and_tobago "transshipment point for South American drugs destined for the US and Europe and producer of cannabis" );; line 112249 (wfb::source-text economic_aid trinidad_and_tobago recipient "US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-89), $373 million; Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-89), $518 million" );; line 112255 (wfb::source-text currency trinidad_and_tobago "1 Trinidad and Tobago dollar (TT$) = 100 cents" );; line 112260 (wfb::source-text exchange_rates trinidad_and_tobago "Trinidad and Tobago dollars (TT$) per US$1 - 5.8758 (January 1995), 5.9160 (1994), 5.3511 (1993), 4.2500 (fixed rate 1989-1992); note - effective 13 April 1993, the exchange rate of the TT dollar is market-determined as opposed to the prior fixed relationship to the US dollar" );; line 112264 (wfb::source-text fiscal_year trinidad_and_tobago "calendar year" );; line 112271 (wfb::source-text highways trinidad_and_tobago total "8,000 km" );; line 112282 (wfb::source-text highways trinidad_and_tobago paved "4,000 km" );; line 112284 (wfb::source-text highways trinidad_and_tobago unpaved "improved earth 1,000 km; unimproved earth 3,000 km" );; line 112286 (wfb::source-text pipelines trinidad_and_tobago "crude oil 1,032 km; petroleum products 19 km; natural gas 904 km" );; line 112290 (wfb::source-text port trinidad_and_tobago "Pointe-a-Pierre, Point Fortin, Point Lisas, Port-of-Spain, Scarborough, Tembladora" );; line 112294 (wfb::source-text merchant_marine trinidad_and_tobago total "2 cargo ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 12,507 GRT/21,923 DWT" );; line 112300 (wfb::source-text airports trinidad_and_tobago total "6" );; line 112305 (wfb::source-text airports trinidad_and_tobago |with paved runways over 3,047 m| "1" );; line 112307 (wfb::source-text airports trinidad_and_tobago |with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m| "1" );; line 112309 (wfb::source-text airports trinidad_and_tobago |with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m| "1" );; line 112311 (wfb::source-text airports trinidad_and_tobago with_paved_runways_under_914_m "2" );; line 112313 (wfb::source-text airports trinidad_and_tobago |with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m| "1" );; line 112315 (wfb::source-text telephone_system trinidad_and_tobago "109,000 telephones; excellent international service via tropospheric scatter links to Barbados and Guyana; good local service" );; line 112320 (wfb::source-text telephone_system trinidad_and_tobago local "NA" );; line 112323 (wfb::source-text telephone_system trinidad_and_tobago intercity "NA" );; line 112325 (wfb::source-text telephone_system trinidad_and_tobago international "1 INTELSAT (Atlantic Ocean) earth station; linked to Barbados and Guyana by tropospheric scatter system" );; line 112327 (wfb::source-text radio trinidad_and_tobago broadcast_stations "AM 2, FM 4, shortwave 0" );; line 112333 (wfb::source-text radio trinidad_and_tobago radios "NA" );; line 112335 (wfb::source-text television trinidad_and_tobago broadcast_stations "5" );; line 112340 (wfb::source-text television trinidad_and_tobago televisions "NA" );; line 112342 (wfb::source-text defense_branch trinidad_and_tobago "Trinidad and Tobago Defense Force (includes Ground Forces, Coast Guard, and Air Wing), Trinidad and Tobago Police Service" );; line 112348 (wfb::source-text manpower_availability trinidad_and_tobago "males age 15-49 347,841; males fit for military service 249,904 (1995 est.)" );; line 112353 (wfb::source-text defense_expenditures trinidad_and_tobago "exchange rate conversion - $83 million, 1.5% of GDP (1994)" );; line 112358 (wfb::source-text location tromelin_island "Southern Africa, island in the Indian Ocean, east of Madagascar" );; line 112368 (wfb::source-text map_references tromelin_island "Africa" );; line 112372 (wfb::source-text area tromelin_island total_area "1 sq km" );; line 112377 (wfb::source-text area tromelin_island land_area "1 sq km" );; line 112379 (wfb::source-text area tromelin_island comparative_area "about 1.7 times the size of The Mall in Washington, DC" );; line 112381 (wfb::source-text borders tromelin_island "0 km" );; line 112385 (wfb::source-text coastline tromelin_island "3.7 km" );; line 112389 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims tromelin_island contiguous_zone "12 nm" );; line 112394 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims tromelin_island continental_shelf "200-m depth or to depth of exploitation" );; line 112396 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims tromelin_island exclusive_economic_zone "200 nm" );; line 112398 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims tromelin_island territorial_sea "12 nm" );; line 112400 (wfb::source-text international_disputes tromelin_island "claimed by Madagascar, Mauritius, and Seychelles" );; line 112404 (wfb::source-text climate tromelin_island "tropical" );; line 112408 (wfb::source-text terrain tromelin_island "sandy" );; line 112412 (wfb::source-text natural-resource tromelin_island "fish" );; line 112416 (wfb::source-text land_use tromelin_island arable_land "0%" );; line 112421 (wfb::source-text land_use tromelin_island permanent_crops "0%" );; line 112423 (wfb::source-text land_use tromelin_island meadows_and_pastures "0%" );; line 112425 (wfb::source-text land_use tromelin_island forest_and_woodland "0%" );; line 112427 (wfb::source-text land_use tromelin_island other "100% (scattered bushes)" );; line 112429 (wfb::source-text irrigated_land tromelin_island "0 sq km" );; line 112433 (wfb::source-text environment tromelin_island current_issues "NA" );; line 112438 (wfb::source-text environment tromelin_island natural_hazards "NA" );; line 112440 (wfb::source-text environment tromelin_island international_agreements "NA" );; line 112442 (wfb::source-text note tromelin_island "climatologically important location for forecasting cyclones; wildlife sanctuary" );; line 112446 (wfb::source-text population tromelin_island "uninhabited" );; line 112453 (wfb::source-text names tromelin_island conventional_long_form "none" );; line 112459 (wfb::source-text names tromelin_island conventional_short_form "Tromelin Island" );; line 112461 (wfb::source-text names tromelin_island local_long_form "none" );; line 112463 (wfb::source-text names tromelin_island local_short_form "Ile Tromelin" );; line 112465 (wfb::source-text digraph tromelin_island "TE" );; line 112469 (wfb::source-text type tromelin_island "French possession administered by Commissioner of the Republic, resident in Reunion" );; line 112473 (wfb::source-text capital tromelin_island "none; administered by France from Reunion" );; line 112478 (wfb::source-text independence tromelin_island "none (possession of France)" );; line 112482 (wfb::source-text overview tromelin_island "no economic activity" );; line 112487 (wfb::source-text port tromelin_island "none; offshore anchorage only" );; line 112492 (wfb::source-text airports tromelin_island total "1" );; line 112497 (wfb::source-text airports tromelin_island with_paved_runways_under_914_m "1" );; line 112499 (wfb::source-text note tromelin_island "important meteorological station" );; line 112504 (wfb::source-text note tromelin_island "defense is the responsibility of France" );; line 112510 (wfb::source-text location tunisia "Northern Africa, bordering the Mediterranean Sea, between Algeria and Libya" );; line 112520 (wfb::source-text map_references tunisia "Africa" );; line 112525 (wfb::source-text area tunisia total_area "163,610 sq km" );; line 112530 (wfb::source-text area tunisia land_area "155,360 sq km" );; line 112532 (wfb::source-text area tunisia comparative_area "slightly larger than Georgia" );; line 112534 (wfb::source-text borders tunisia "total 1,424 km, Algeria 965 km, Libya 459 km" );; line 112538 (wfb::source-text coastline tunisia "1,148 km" );; line 112542 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims tunisia contiguous_zone "24 nm" );; line 112547 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims tunisia territorial_sea "12 nm" );; line 112549 (wfb::source-text international_disputes tunisia "maritime boundary dispute with Libya; land boundary dispute with Algeria settled in 1993; Malta and Tunisia are discussing the commercial exploitation of the continental shelf between their countries, particularly for oil exploration" );; line 112553 (wfb::source-text climate tunisia "temperate in north with mild, rainy winters and hot, dry summers; desert in south" );; line 112560 (wfb::source-text terrain tunisia "mountains in north; hot, dry central plain; semiarid south merges into the Sahara" );; line 112565 (wfb::source-text natural-resource tunisia "petroleum, phosphates, iron ore, lead, zinc, salt" );; line 112570 (wfb::source-text land_use tunisia arable_land "20%" );; line 112575 (wfb::source-text land_use tunisia permanent_crops "10%" );; line 112577 (wfb::source-text land_use tunisia meadows_and_pastures "19%" );; line 112579 (wfb::source-text land_use tunisia forest_and_woodland "4%" );; line 112581 (wfb::source-text land_use tunisia other "47%" );; line 112583 (wfb::source-text irrigated_land tunisia "2,750 sq km (1989)" );; line 112587 (wfb::source-text environment tunisia current_issues "toxic and hazardous waste disposal is ineffective and presents human health risks; water pollution from raw sewage; limited natural fresh water resources; deforestation; overgrazing; soil erosion; desertification" );; line 112592 (wfb::source-text environment tunisia natural_hazards "NA" );; line 112596 (wfb::source-text environment tunisia international_agreements "party to - Biodiversity, Climate Change, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands; signed, but not ratified - Desertification, Marine Life Conservation" );; line 112598 (wfb::source-text note tunisia "strategic location in central Mediterranean" );; line 112605 (wfb::source-text population tunisia "8,879,845 (July 1995 est.)" );; line 112611 (wfb::source-text age_structure tunisia 0-14_years "35% (female 1,507,866; male 1,563,411)" );; line 112616 (wfb::source-text age_structure tunisia 15-64_years "60% (female 2,665,586; male 2,672,712)" );; line 112618 (wfb::source-text age_structure tunisia 65_years_and_over "5% (female 226,201; male 244,069) (July 1995 est.)" );; line 112620 (wfb::source-text population_growth_rate tunisia "1.69% (1995 est.)" );; line 112624 (wfb::source-text birth_rate tunisia "22.52 births/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 112628 (wfb::source-text death_rate tunisia "4.86 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 112632 (wfb::source-text net_migration_rate tunisia "-0.74 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 112636 (wfb::source-text infant_mortality_rate tunisia "32.3 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.)" );; line 112640 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth tunisia total_population "73.25 years" );; line 112645 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth tunisia male "71.16 years" );; line 112647 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth tunisia female "75.44 years (1995 est.)" );; line 112649 (wfb::source-text total_fertility_rate tunisia "2.73 children born/woman (1995 est.)" );; line 112653 (wfb::source-text nationality tunisia noun "Tunisian(s)" );; line 112658 (wfb::source-text nationality tunisia adjective "Tunisian" );; line 112660 (wfb::source-text ethnic-entity tunisia "Arab-Berber 98%, European 1%, Jewish less than 1%" );; line 112664 (wfb::source-text religion tunisia "Muslim 98%, Christian 1%, Jewish 1%" );; line 112668 (wfb::source-text language tunisia "Arabic (official and one of the languages of commerce), French (commerce)" );; line 112672 (wfb::source-text literacy tunisia "age 15 and over can read and write (1989)" );; line 112677 (wfb::source-text literacy tunisia total_population "57%" );; line 112679 (wfb::source-text literacy tunisia male "69%" );; line 112681 (wfb::source-text literacy tunisia female "45%" );; line 112683 (wfb::source-text total_labor_force tunisia "2.25 million" );; line 112687 (wfb::source-text labor_force_by_occupation tunisia by_occupation "agriculture 32%" );; line 112689 (wfb::source-text names tunisia conventional_long_form "Republic of Tunisia" );; line 112697 (wfb::source-text names tunisia conventional_short_form "Tunisia" );; line 112699 (wfb::source-text names tunisia local_long_form "Al Jumhuriyah at Tunisiyah" );; line 112701 (wfb::source-text names tunisia local_short_form "Tunis" );; line 112703 (wfb::source-text digraph tunisia "TS" );; line 112707 (wfb::source-text type tunisia "republic" );; line 112711 (wfb::source-text capital tunisia "Tunis" );; line 112715 (wfb::source-text administrative_divisions tunisia "23 governorates; Beja, Ben Arous, Bizerte, Gabes, Gafsa, Jendouba, Kairouan, Kasserine, Kebili, L'Ariana, Le Kef, Mahdia, Medenine, Monastir, Nabeul, Sfax, Sidi Bou Zid, Siliana, Sousse, Tataouine, Tozeur, Tunis, Zaghouan" );; line 112719 (wfb::source-text independence tunisia "20 March 1956 (from France)" );; line 112726 (wfb::source-text national_holiday tunisia "National Day, 20 March (1956)" );; line 112730 (wfb::source-text constitution tunisia "1 June 1959; amended 12 July 1988" );; line 112734 (wfb::source-text legal_system tunisia "based on French civil law system and Islamic law; some judicial review of legislative acts in the Supreme Court in joint session" );; line 112738 (wfb::source-text suffrage tunisia "20 years of age; universal" );; line 112743 (wfb::source-text executive_branch tunisia chief_of_state "President Zine el Abidine BEN ALI (since 7 November 1987); election last held 20 March 1994 (next to be held NA 1999); results - President Zine el Abidine BEN ALI was reelected without opposition" );; line 112748 (wfb::source-text executive_branch tunisia head_of_government "Prime Minister Hamed KAROUI (since 26 September 1989)" );; line 112752 (wfb::source-text executive_branch tunisia cabinet "Council of Ministers; appointed by the president" );; line 112754 (wfb::source-text legislative_structure tunisia "unicameral" );; line 112758 (wfb::source-text legislative_branch tunisia |Chamber of Deputies (Majlis al-Nuwaab)| "elections last held 20 March 1994 (next to be held NA 1999); results - RCD 97.7%, MDS 1.0%, others 1.3%; seats - (163 total) RCD 144, MDS 10, others 9; note - the government changed the electoral code to guarantee that the opposition won seats" );; line 112760 (wfb::source-text judicial_branch tunisia "Court of Cassation (Cour de Cassation)" );; line 112767 (wfb::source-text political_parties_and_leaders tunisia "Constitutional Democratic Rally Party (RCD), President BEN ALI (official ruling party); Movement of Democratic Socialists (MDS), Mohammed MOUAADA; five other political parties are legal, including the Communist Party" );; line 112771 (wfb::source-text other_political_or_pressure_groups tunisia "the Islamic fundamentalist party, An Nahda (Rebirth), is outlawed" );; line 112777 (wfb::source-text member_of tunisia "ABEDA, ACCT, AfDB, AFESD, AL, AMF, AMU, CCC, ECA, FAO, G-77, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, INMARSAT, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, ISO, ITU, MINURSO, NAM, OAPEC (withdrew from active membership in 1986), OAS (observer), OAU, OIC, UN, UNAMIR, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNITAR, UNMIH, UNPROFOR, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO" );; line 112781 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us tunisia chief_of_mission "Ambassador Mohamed Azzouz ENNAIFER" );; line 112791 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us tunisia chancery "1515 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20005" );; line 112793 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us tunisia telephone "[1] (202) 862-1850" );; line 112795 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation tunisia chief_of_mission "Ambassador Mary Ann CASEY" );; line 112800 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation tunisia embassy "144 Avenue de la Liberte, 1002 Tunis-Belvedere" );; line 112802 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation tunisia mailing_address "use embassy street address" );; line 112804 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation tunisia telephone "[216] (1) 782-566" );; line 112806 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation tunisia fax "[216] (1) 789-719" );; line 112808 (wfb::source-text flag tunisia "red with a white disk in the center bearing a red crescent nearly encircling a red five-pointed star; the crescent and star are traditional symbols of Islam" );; line 112812 (wfb::source-text overview tunisia "Tunisia has a diverse economy, with important agricultural, mining, energy, tourism, and manufacturing sectors. Detailed governmental control of economic affairs has gradually lessened over the past decade, including increasing privatization of trade and commerce, simplification of the tax structure, and a cautious approach to debt. Real growth has averaged roughly 5% in 1991-94, and inflation has been moderate. Growth in tourism and IMF support have been key elements in this solid record. Further privatization and further improvements in government administrative efficiency are among the challenges for the future." );; line 112819 (wfb::source-text national_product tunisia "GDP - purchasing power parity - $37.1 billion (1994 est.)" );; line 112831 (wfb::source-text national_product_real_growth_rate tunisia "4.4% (1994 est.)" );; line 112835 (wfb::source-text national_product_per_capita tunisia "$4,250 (1994 est.)" );; line 112839 (wfb::source-text |Inflation rate (consumer prices)| tunisia "4.5% (1993 est.)" );; line 112843 (wfb::source-text unemployment_rate tunisia "16.2% (1993 est.)" );; line 112847 (wfb::source-text budget tunisia revenues "$4.3 billion" );; line 112852 (wfb::source-text budget tunisia expenditures "$5.5 billion, including capital expenditures to $NA (1993 est.)" );; line 112854 (wfb::source-text exports tunisia "$4.6 billion (f.o.b., 1993)" );; line 112858 (wfb::source-text exports tunisia commodities "hydrocarbons, agricultural products, phosphates and chemicals" );; line 112860 (wfb::source-text exports tunisia partners "EC countries 75%, Middle East 10%, Algeria 2%, India 2%, US 1%" );; line 112862 (wfb::source-text imports tunisia "$6.5 billion (c.i.f., 1993)" );; line 112866 (wfb::source-text imports tunisia commodities "industrial goods and equipment 57%, hydrocarbons 13%, food 12%, consumer goods" );; line 112868 (wfb::source-text imports tunisia partners "EC countries 70%, US 5%, Middle East 2%, Japan 2%, Switzerland 1%, Algeria 1%" );; line 112871 (wfb::source-text external_debt tunisia "$7.7 billion (1993 est.)" );; line 112876 (wfb::source-text industrial_production tunisia "growth rate 5% (1989); accounts for 22% of GDP, including petroleum" );; line 112880 (wfb::source-text electricity tunisia capacity "1,410,000 kW" );; line 112886 (wfb::source-text electricity tunisia production "5.4 billion kWh" );; line 112888 (wfb::source-text electricity tunisia consumption_per_capita "595 kWh (1993)" );; line 112890 (wfb::source-text industry tunisia "petroleum, mining (particularly phosphate and iron ore), tourism, textiles, footwear, food, beverages" );; line 112894 (wfb::source-text agriculture tunisia "accounts for 16% of GDP and one-third of labor force; output subject to severe fluctuations because of frequent droughts; export crops - olives, dates, oranges, almonds; other products - grain, sugar beets, wine grapes, poultry, beef, dairy; not self-sufficient in food" );; line 112899 (wfb::source-text economic_aid tunisia recipient "US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-89), $730 million; Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-89) $52 million; OPEC bilateral aid (1979-89), $684 million; Communist countries (1970-89), $410 million" );; line 112907 (wfb::source-text currency tunisia "1 Tunisian dinar (TD) = 1,000 millimes" );; line 112914 (wfb::source-text exchange_rates tunisia "Tunisian dinars (TD) per US$1 - 0.9849 (January 1995), 1.0116 (1994), 1.0037 (1993), 0.8844 (1992), 0.9246 (1991), 0.8783 (1990)" );; line 112918 (wfb::source-text fiscal_year tunisia "calendar year" );; line 112923 (wfb::source-text railroads tunisia total "2,260 km" );; line 112929 (wfb::source-text railroads tunisia standard_gauge "492 km 1.435-m gauge" );; line 112931 (wfb::source-text railroads tunisia narrow_gauge "1,758 km 1.000-m gauge" );; line 112933 (wfb::source-text railroads tunisia dual_gauge "10 km 1.000-m and 1.435-m gauges" );; line 112935 (wfb::source-text highways tunisia total "29,183 km" );; line 112940 (wfb::source-text highways tunisia paved "bituminous 17,510 km" );; line 112942 (wfb::source-text highways tunisia unpaved "improved, unimproved earth 11,673 km" );; line 112944 (wfb::source-text pipelines tunisia "crude oil 797 km; petroleum products 86 km; natural gas 742 km" );; line 112948 (wfb::source-text port tunisia "Bizerte, Gabes, La Goulette, Sfax, Sousse, Tunis, Zarzis" );; line 112952 (wfb::source-text merchant_marine tunisia total "19 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 129,035 GRT/168,032 DWT" );; line 112957 (wfb::source-text merchant_marine tunisia ships_by_type "bulk 6, cargo 5, chemical tanker 4, oil tanker 1, roll-on/roll-off cargo 2, short-sea passenger 1" );; line 112959 (wfb::source-text airports tunisia total "31" );; line 112965 (wfb::source-text airports tunisia |with paved runways over 3,047 m| "3" );; line 112967 (wfb::source-text airports tunisia |with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m| "6" );; line 112969 (wfb::source-text airports tunisia |with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m| "2" );; line 112971 (wfb::source-text airports tunisia |with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m| "3" );; line 112973 (wfb::source-text airports tunisia with_paved_runways_under_914_m "8" );; line 112975 (wfb::source-text airports tunisia |with unpaved runways 1,524 to 2,438 m| "2" );; line 112977 (wfb::source-text airports tunisia |with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m| "7" );; line 112979 (wfb::source-text telephone_system tunisia "233,000 telephones; 28 telephones/1,000 persons; the system is above the African average; key centers are Sfax, Sousse, Bizerte, and Tunis" );; line 112984 (wfb::source-text telephone_system tunisia local "NA" );; line 112987 (wfb::source-text telephone_system tunisia intercity "facilities consist of open-wire lines, coaxial cable, and microwave radio relay" );; line 112989 (wfb::source-text telephone_system tunisia international "5 submarine cables; 1 INTELSAT (Atlantic Ocean) and 1 ARABSAT earth station with back-up control station; coaxial cable and microwave radio relay to Algeria and Libya" );; line 112992 (wfb::source-text radio tunisia broadcast_stations "AM 7, FM 8, shortwave 0" );; line 112999 (wfb::source-text radio tunisia radios "NA" );; line 113001 (wfb::source-text television tunisia broadcast_stations "19" );; line 113006 (wfb::source-text television tunisia televisions "NA" );; line 113008 (wfb::source-text defense_branch tunisia "Army, Navy, Air Force, paramilitary forces, National Guard" );; line 113014 (wfb::source-text manpower_availability tunisia "males age 15-49 2,294,912; males fit for military service 1,317,642; males reach military age (20) annually 93,601 (1995 est.)" );; line 113018 (wfb::source-text defense_expenditures tunisia "exchange rate conversion - $549 million, 3% of GDP (1994)" );; line 113023 (wfb::source-text location turkey "Southwestern Asia (that part west of the Bosporus is sometimes included with Europe), bordering the Black Sea, between Bulgaria and Georgia, and bordering the Aegean Sea and the Mediterranean Sea, between Greece and Syria" );; line 113033 (wfb::source-text map_references turkey "Middle East" );; line 113040 (wfb::source-text area turkey total_area "780,580 sq km" );; line 113045 (wfb::source-text area turkey land_area "770,760 sq km" );; line 113047 (wfb::source-text area turkey comparative_area "slightly larger than Texas" );; line 113049 (wfb::source-text borders turkey "total 2,627 km, Armenia 268 km, Azerbaijan 9 km, Bulgaria 240 km, Georgia 252 km, Greece 206 km, Iran 499 km, Iraq 331 km, Syria 822 km" );; line 113053 (wfb::source-text coastline turkey "7,200 km" );; line 113058 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims turkey exclusive_economic_zone "in Black Sea only - to the maritime boundary agreed upon with the former USSR" );; line 113063 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims turkey territorial_sea "6 nm in the Aegean Sea," );; line 113066 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims turkey territorial_sea "12 nm in the Black Sea and in the Mediterranean Sea" );; line 113067 (wfb::source-text international_disputes turkey "complex maritime, air and territorial disputes with Greece in Aegean Sea; Cyprus question; Hatay question with Syria; ongoing dispute with downstream riparians (Syria and Iraq) over water development plans for the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers" );; line 113071 (wfb::source-text climate turkey "temperate; hot, dry summers with mild, wet winters; harsher in interior" );; line 113078 (wfb::source-text terrain turkey "mostly mountains; narrow coastal plain; high central plateau (Anatolia)" );; line 113083 (wfb::source-text natural-resource turkey "antimony, coal, chromium, mercury, copper, borate, sulphur, iron ore" );; line 113088 (wfb::source-text land_use turkey arable_land "30%" );; line 113094 (wfb::source-text land_use turkey permanent_crops "4%" );; line 113096 (wfb::source-text land_use turkey meadows_and_pastures "12%" );; line 113098 (wfb::source-text land_use turkey forest_and_woodland "26%" );; line 113100 (wfb::source-text land_use turkey other "28%" );; line 113102 (wfb::source-text irrigated_land turkey "22,200 sq km (1989 est.)" );; line 113106 (wfb::source-text environment turkey current_issues "water pollution from dumping of chemicals and detergents; air pollution, particularly in urban areas; deforestation" );; line 113111 (wfb::source-text environment turkey natural_hazards "very severe earthquakes, especially in northern Turkey, along an arc extending from the Sea of Marmara to Lake Van" );; line 113114 (wfb::source-text environment turkey international_agreements "party to - Air Pollution, Hazardous Wastes, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands; signed, but not ratified - Biodiversity, Desertification, Environmental Modification" );; line 113117 (wfb::source-text note turkey "strategic location controlling the Turkish Straits (Bosporus, Sea of Marmara, Dardanelles) that link Black and Aegean Seas" );; line 113123 (wfb::source-text population turkey "63,405,526 (July 1995 est.)" );; line 113130 (wfb::source-text age_structure turkey 0-14_years "35% (female 10,815,288; male 11,203,723)" );; line 113135 (wfb::source-text age_structure turkey 15-64_years "60% (female 18,723,772; male 19,391,037)" );; line 113137 (wfb::source-text age_structure turkey 65_years_and_over "5% (female 1,764,363; male 1,507,343) (July 1995 est.)" );; line 113139 (wfb::source-text population_growth_rate turkey "1.97% (1995 est.)" );; line 113143 (wfb::source-text birth_rate turkey "25.33 births/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 113147 (wfb::source-text death_rate turkey "5.64 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 113151 (wfb::source-text net_migration_rate turkey "0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 113155 (wfb::source-text infant_mortality_rate turkey "45.6 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.)" );; line 113159 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth turkey total_population "71.48 years" );; line 113164 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth turkey male "69.11 years" );; line 113166 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth turkey female "73.96 years (1995 est.)" );; line 113168 (wfb::source-text total_fertility_rate turkey "3.12 children born/woman (1995 est.)" );; line 113172 (wfb::source-text nationality turkey noun "Turk(s)" );; line 113177 (wfb::source-text nationality turkey adjective "Turkish" );; line 113179 (wfb::source-text ethnic-entity turkey "Turkish 80%, Kurdish 20%" );; line 113183 (wfb::source-text religion turkey "Muslim 99.8% (mostly Sunni), other 0.2% (Christian and Jews)" );; line 113187 (wfb::source-text language turkey "Turkish (official), Kurdish, Arabic" );; line 113191 (wfb::source-text literacy turkey "age 15 and over can read and write (1990)" );; line 113195 (wfb::source-text literacy turkey total_population "79%" );; line 113197 (wfb::source-text literacy turkey male "90%" );; line 113199 (wfb::source-text literacy turkey female "68%" );; line 113201 (wfb::source-text total_labor_force turkey "20.4 million" );; line 113205 (wfb::source-text labor_force_by_occupation turkey by_occupation "agriculture 44%, services 41%, industry 15%" );; line 113207 (wfb::source-text names turkey conventional_long_form "Republic of Turkey" );; line 113215 (wfb::source-text names turkey conventional_short_form "Turkey" );; line 113217 (wfb::source-text names turkey local_long_form "Turkiye Cumhuriyeti" );; line 113219 (wfb::source-text names turkey local_short_form "Turkiye" );; line 113221 (wfb::source-text digraph turkey "TU" );; line 113225 (wfb::source-text type turkey "republican parliamentary democracy" );; line 113229 (wfb::source-text capital turkey "Ankara" );; line 113233 (wfb::source-text administrative_divisions turkey "73 provinces (iller, singular - il); Adana, Adiyaman, Afyon, Agri, Aksaray, Amasya, Ankara, Antalya, Artvin, Aydin, Balikesir, Batman, Bayburt, Bilecik, Bingol, Bitlis, Bolu, Burdur, Bursa, Canakkale, Cankiri, Corum, Denizli, Diyarbakir, Edirne, Elazig, Erzincan, Erzurum, Eskisehir, Gazi Antep, Giresun, Gumushane, Hakkari, Hatay, Icel, Isparta, Istanbul, Izmir, Kahraman Maras, Karaman, Kars, Kastamonu, Kayseri, Kirikkale, Kirklareli, Kirsehir, Kocaeli, Konya, Kutahya, Malatya, Manisa, Mardin, Mugla, Mus, Nevsehir, Nigde, Ordu, Rize, Sakarya, Samsun, Sanli Urfa, Siirt, Sinop, Sirnak, Sivas, Tekirdag, Tokat, Trabzon, Tunceli, Usak, Van, Yozgat, Zonguldak" );; line 113237 (wfb::source-text independence turkey "29 October 1923 (successor state to the Ottoman Empire)" );; line 113249 (wfb::source-text national_holiday turkey "Anniversary of the Declaration of the Republic, 29 October (1923)" );; line 113253 (wfb::source-text constitution turkey "7 November 1982" );; line 113258 (wfb::source-text legal_system turkey "derived from various continental legal systems; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations" );; line 113262 (wfb::source-text suffrage turkey "21 years of age; universal" );; line 113267 (wfb::source-text executive_branch turkey chief_of_state "President Suleyman DEMIREL (since 16 May 1993)" );; line 113272 (wfb::source-text executive_branch turkey head_of_government "Prime Minister Tansu CILLER (since 5 July 1993); Deputy Prime Minister Hikmet CETIN (since 27 March 1995)" );; line 113274 (wfb::source-text executive_branch turkey national_security_council "advisory body to the President and the Cabinet" );; line 113277 (wfb::source-text executive_branch turkey cabinet "Council of Ministers; appointed by the president on nomination of the prime minister" );; line 113279 (wfb::source-text legislative_structure turkey "unicameral" );; line 113284 (wfb::source-text legislative_branch turkey grand_national_assembly_of_turkey "(Turkiye Buyuk Millet Meclisi) elections last held 20 October 1991 (next to be held NA October 1996); results - DYP 27.03%, ANAP 24.01%, SHP 20.75%, RP 16.88%, DSP 10.75%, SBP 0.44%, independent 0.14%; seats - (450 total) DYP 178, ANAP 115, SHP 86, RP 40, MCP 19, DSP 7, other 5" );; line 113286 (wfb::source-text judicial_branch turkey "Court of Cassation" );; line 113298 (wfb::source-text political_parties_and_leaders turkey "True Path Party (DYP), Tansu CILLER; Motherland Party (ANAP), Mesut YILMAZ; Welfare Party (RP), Necmettin ERBAKAN; Democratic Left Party (DSP), Bulent ECEVIT; Nationalist Action Party (MHP - members also regroup under the name of National Labor Party or MCP), Alparslan TURKES; Socialist Unity Party (SBP), Sadun AREN; New Party (YP), Yusuf Bozkurt OZAL; Republican People's Party (CHP), Hikmet CETIN; note - Social Democrat Populist Party (SHP) has merged with CHP; Workers Party (IP), Dogu PERINCEK; Nation Party (MP), Aykut EDIBALI; Democrat Party (DP), Aydin MENDERES; Grand Unity Party (BBP), Muhsin YAZICIOGLU; Rebirth Party (YDP), Hasan Celal GUZEL; People's Democracy Party (HADEP), Murat BOZLAK; Main Path Party (ANAYOL), Gurcan BASER; Democratic Target Party (DHP), Abdulkadir Yasar TURK; Liberal Party (LP), Besim TIBUK; New Democracy Movement (YDH), Cem BOYNER; Democracy and Change Party (DDP), Ibrahim AKSOY" );; line 113302 (wfb::source-text other_political_or_pressure_groups turkey "Turkish Confederation of Labor (TURK-IS), Bayram MERAL; Confederation of Revolutionary Workers Unions (DISK), Ridvan BUDAK; Moral Rights Workers Union (HAK-IS), Negati CECIK; Turkish Industrialists' and Businessmen's Association (TUSIAD), Halis KOMILI; Turkish Union of Chambers of Commerce and Commodity Exchanges (TOBB), Yalim EREZ; Turkish Confederation of Employers' Unions (TISK), Refik BAYDUR" );; line 113318 (wfb::source-text member_of turkey "AsDB, BIS, BSEC, CCC, CE, CERN (observer), EBRD, ECE, ECO, FAO, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, INMARSAT, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, IOM (observer), ISO, ITU, NACC, NATO, NEA, OECD, OIC, OSCE, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIKOM, UNRWA, UPU, WEU (associate), WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO" );; line 113327 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us turkey chief_of_mission "Ambassador Nuzhet KANDEMIR" );; line 113336 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us turkey chancery "1714 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20036" );; line 113338 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us turkey telephone "[1] (202) 659-8200" );; line 113340 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us turkey |consulate(s) general| "Chicago, Houston, Los Angeles, and New York" );; line 113342 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation turkey chief_of_mission "Ambassador Marc GROSSMAN" );; line 113347 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation turkey embassy "110 Ataturk Boulevard, Ankara" );; line 113349 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation turkey mailing_address "PSC 93, Box 5000, Ankara; APO AE 09823" );; line 113351 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation turkey telephone "[90] (312) 468-6110 through 6128" );; line 113353 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation turkey fax "[90] (312) 467-0019" );; line 113355 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation turkey |consulate(s) general| "Istanbul" );; line 113357 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation turkey |consulate(s)| "Adana" );; line 113359 (wfb::source-text flag turkey "red with a vertical white crescent (the closed portion is toward the hoist side) and white five-pointed star centered just outside the crescent opening" );; line 113363 (wfb::source-text overview turkey "In early 1995, after an impressive economic performance through most of the 1980s, Turkey continues to suffer through its most damaging economic crisis in the last 15 years. Sparked by the downgrading in January 1994 of Turkey's international credit rating by two US credit rating agencies, the crisis stems from years of loose fiscal and monetary policies that had exacerbated inflation and allowed the public debt, money supply, and current account deficit to explode. In April 1994, Prime Minister CILLER introduced an austerity package aimed at restoring domestic and international confidence in her fragile coalition government. Three months later the IMF endorsed the program, paving the way for a $740 million IMF standby loan. Although the economy showed signs of improvement following the stabilization measures, CILLER has been unable to overcome the political obstacles to tough structural reforms necessary for sustained, longer-term growth. As a consequence, the economy is suffering the worst of both worlds: at the end of 1994, inflation hit a record 126% (annual rate), and real GDP dropped an estimated 5% for the year as a whole, the worst decline in Turkey's post-war history. At the same time, the government missed key 1994 targets stipulated in the IMF agreement: the budget deficit is estimated to have overshot the government's goal by 47%; the total public sector borrowing requirement likely reached 10%-12% of GDP, rather than 8.5% called for in the program; and the Turkish lira's value fell 5% to 7% more than expected. The unprecedented effort by the Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK) to raise the economic costs of its insurgency against the Turkish state is adding to Turkey's economic problems. Attacks against tourists have jeopardized tourist revenues, which account for about 3% of GDP, while economic activity in southeastern Turkey, where most of the violence occurs, has dropped considerably. Turkish officials are now negotiating a new letter of intent with the IMF that will stipulate more realistic macroeconomic goals for 1995 and allow the release of remaining funds of the standby agreement." );; line 113370 (wfb::source-text national_product turkey "GDP - purchasing power parity - $305.2 billion (1994 est.)" );; line 113401 (wfb::source-text national_product_real_growth_rate turkey "-5% (1994 est.)" );; line 113405 (wfb::source-text national_product_per_capita turkey "$4,910 (1994 est.)" );; line 113409 (wfb::source-text |Inflation rate (consumer prices)| turkey "106% (1994)" );; line 113413 (wfb::source-text unemployment_rate turkey "12.6% (1994)" );; line 113417 (wfb::source-text budget turkey revenues "$28.3 billion" );; line 113422 (wfb::source-text budget turkey expenditures "$33.3 billion, including capital expenditures of $3.2 billion (1995)" );; line 113424 (wfb::source-text exports turkey "$15.3 billion (f.o.b., 1993)" );; line 113429 (wfb::source-text exports turkey commodities "manufactured products 72%, foodstuffs 23%, mining products 4% (1993)" );; line 113431 (wfb::source-text exports turkey partners "Germany 24%, Russia 7%, US 7%, UK 6% (1993)" );; line 113434 (wfb::source-text imports turkey "$27.6 billion (f.o.b., 1993)" );; line 113438 (wfb::source-text imports turkey commodities "manufactured products 71%, fuels 14%, foodstuffs 6% (1993)" );; line 113440 (wfb::source-text imports turkey partners "Germany 15%, US 11%, Italy 9%, Russia 8% (1993)" );; line 113442 (wfb::source-text external_debt turkey "$66.6 billion (1994)" );; line 113446 (wfb::source-text industrial_production turkey "growth rate 6.7% (1993); accounts for 26% of GDP" );; line 113450 (wfb::source-text electricity turkey capacity "18,710,000 kW" );; line 113455 (wfb::source-text electricity turkey production "71 billion kWh" );; line 113457 (wfb::source-text electricity turkey consumption_per_capita "1,079 kWh (1993)" );; line 113459 (wfb::source-text industry turkey "textiles, food processing, mining (coal, chromite, copper, boron), steel, petroleum, construction, lumber, paper" );; line 113463 (wfb::source-text agriculture turkey "accounts for 16% of GDP; products - tobacco, cotton, grain, olives, sugar beets, pulses, citrus fruit, variety of animal products; self-sufficient in food most years" );; line 113468 (wfb::source-text illicit_drugs turkey "major transit route for Southwest Asian heroin and hashish to Western Europe and the US via air, land, and sea routes; major Turkish, Iranian, and other international trafficking organizations operate out of Istanbul; laboratories to convert imported morphine base into heroin are in remote regions of Turkey as well as near Istanbul; government maintains strict controls over areas of legal opium poppy cultivation and output of poppy straw concentrate" );; line 113474 (wfb::source-text economic_aid turkey recipient "US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-89), $2.3 billion; Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-89), $10.1 billion; OPEC bilateral aid (1979-89), $665 million; Communist countries (1970-89), $4.5 billion" );; line 113485 (wfb::source-text currency turkey "1 Turkish lira (TL) = 100 kurus" );; line 113495 (wfb::source-text exchange_rates turkey "Turkish liras (TL) per US$1 - 37,444.1 (December 1994), 29,608.7 (1994), 10,984.6 (1993), 6,872.4 (1992), 4,171.8 (1991), 2,608.6 (1990)" );; line 113499 (wfb::source-text fiscal_year turkey "calendar year" );; line 113504 (wfb::source-text railroads turkey total "10,413 km" );; line 113510 (wfb::source-text railroads turkey standard_gauge "10,413 km 1.435-m gauge (1,033 km electrified)" );; line 113512 (wfb::source-text highways turkey total "320,611 km" );; line 113517 (wfb::source-text highways turkey paved "29,915 km (including 862 km of expressways)" );; line 113519 (wfb::source-text highways turkey unpaved "290,696 km (1992)" );; line 113521 (wfb::source-text inland_waterways turkey "about 1,200 km" );; line 113525 (wfb::source-text pipelines turkey "crude oil 1,738 km; petroleum products 2,321 km; natural gas 708 km" );; line 113529 (wfb::source-text port turkey "Gemlik, Hopa, Iskenderun, Istanbul, Izmir, Izmit, Mersin, Samsun, Trabzon" );; line 113534 (wfb::source-text merchant_marine turkey total "423 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 5,014,004 GRT/8,695,636 DWT" );; line 113540 (wfb::source-text merchant_marine turkey ships_by_type "bulk 113, cargo 203, chemical tanker 14, combination bulk 7, combination ore/oil 12, container 2, liquefied gas tanker 4, livestock carrier 1, oil tanker 46, passenger-cargo 1, refrigerated cargo 2, roll-on/roll-off cargo 9, short-sea passenger 7, specialized tanker 2" );; line 113543 (wfb::source-text airports turkey total "116" );; line 113551 (wfb::source-text airports turkey |with paved runways over 3,047 m| "16" );; line 113553 (wfb::source-text airports turkey |with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m| "20" );; line 113555 (wfb::source-text airports turkey |with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m| "12" );; line 113557 (wfb::source-text airports turkey |with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m| "21" );; line 113559 (wfb::source-text airports turkey with_paved_runways_under_914_m "34" );; line 113561 (wfb::source-text airports turkey |with unpaved runways 1,524 to 2,438 m| "2" );; line 113563 (wfb::source-text airports turkey |with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m| "11" );; line 113565 (wfb::source-text telephone_system turkey "3,400,000 telephones; fair domestic and international systems" );; line 113570 (wfb::source-text telephone_system turkey local "NA" );; line 113572 (wfb::source-text telephone_system turkey intercity "trunk radio relay microwave network; limited open wire network" );; line 113574 (wfb::source-text telephone_system turkey international "2 INTELSAT (Atlantic Ocean) and 1 EUTELSAT earth station; 1 submarine cable" );; line 113576 (wfb::source-text radio turkey broadcast_stations "AM 15, FM 94, shortwave 0" );; line 113582 (wfb::source-text radio turkey radios "NA" );; line 113584 (wfb::source-text television turkey broadcast_stations "357" );; line 113589 (wfb::source-text television turkey televisions "NA" );; line 113591 (wfb::source-text defense_branch turkey "Land Forces, Navy (includes Naval Air and Naval Infantry), Air Force, Coast Guard, Gendarmerie" );; line 113597 (wfb::source-text manpower_availability turkey "males age 15-49 16,519,152; males fit for military service 10,067,089; males reach military age (20) annually 625,476 (1995 est.)" );; line 113602 (wfb::source-text defense_expenditures turkey "exchange rate conversion - $6.9 billion, 4.1% of GDP (1993); note - figures do not include about $7 billion for the government's counterinsurgency efforts against the separatist Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK)" );; line 113607 (wfb::source-text location turkmenistan "Central Asia, bordering the Caspian Sea, between Iran and Kazakhstan" );; line 113619 (wfb::source-text map_references turkmenistan "Commonwealth of Independent States - Central Asian States" );; line 113624 (wfb::source-text area turkmenistan total_area "488,100 sq km" );; line 113629 (wfb::source-text area turkmenistan land_area "488,100 sq km" );; line 113631 (wfb::source-text area turkmenistan comparative_area "slightly larger than California" );; line 113633 (wfb::source-text borders turkmenistan "total 3,736 km, Afghanistan 744 km, Iran 992 km, Kazakhstan 379 km, Uzbekistan 1,621 km" );; line 113637 (wfb::source-text coastline turkmenistan "0 km" );; line 113642 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims turkmenistan "none; landlocked" );; line 113648 (wfb::source-text international_disputes turkmenistan "Caspian Sea boundaries are not yet determined" );; line 113652 (wfb::source-text climate turkmenistan "subtropical desert" );; line 113656 (wfb::source-text terrain turkmenistan "flat-to-rolling sandy desert with dunes rising to mountains in the south; low mountains along border with Iran; borders Caspian Sea in west" );; line 113660 (wfb::source-text natural-resource turkmenistan "petroleum, natural gas, coal, sulphur, salt" );; line 113665 (wfb::source-text land_use turkmenistan arable_land "2%" );; line 113670 (wfb::source-text land_use turkmenistan permanent_crops "0%" );; line 113672 (wfb::source-text land_use turkmenistan meadows_and_pastures "69%" );; line 113674 (wfb::source-text land_use turkmenistan forest_and_woodland "0%" );; line 113676 (wfb::source-text land_use turkmenistan other "29%" );; line 113678 (wfb::source-text irrigated_land turkmenistan "12,450 sq km (1990)" );; line 113682 (wfb::source-text environment turkmenistan current_issues "contamination of soil and groundwater with agricultural chemicals, pesticides; salinization, water-logging of soil due to poor irrigation methods; Caspian Sea pollution; diversion of a large share of the flow of the Amu Darya into irrigation contributes to that river's inability to replenish the Aral Sea; desertification" );; line 113687 (wfb::source-text environment turkmenistan natural_hazards "NA" );; line 113693 (wfb::source-text environment turkmenistan international_agreements "party to - Ozone Layer Protection" );; line 113695 (wfb::source-text note turkmenistan "landlocked" );; line 113699 (wfb::source-text population turkmenistan "4,075,316 (July 1995 est.)" );; line 113705 (wfb::source-text age_structure turkmenistan 0-14_years "40% (female 798,620; male 821,550)" );; line 113710 (wfb::source-text age_structure turkmenistan 15-64_years "56% (female 1,155,392; male 1,128,844)" );; line 113712 (wfb::source-text age_structure turkmenistan 65_years_and_over "4% (female 105,424; male 65,486) (July 1995 est.)" );; line 113714 (wfb::source-text population_growth_rate turkmenistan "1.97% (1995 est.)" );; line 113718 (wfb::source-text birth_rate turkmenistan "29.93 births/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 113722 (wfb::source-text death_rate turkmenistan "7.34 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 113726 (wfb::source-text net_migration_rate turkmenistan "-2.92 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 113730 (wfb::source-text infant_mortality_rate turkmenistan "68.5 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.)" );; line 113734 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth turkmenistan total_population "65.35 years" );; line 113739 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth turkmenistan male "61.85 years" );; line 113741 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth turkmenistan female "69.02 years (1995 est.)" );; line 113743 (wfb::source-text total_fertility_rate turkmenistan "3.72 children born/woman (1995 est.)" );; line 113747 (wfb::source-text nationality turkmenistan noun "Turkmen(s)" );; line 113752 (wfb::source-text nationality turkmenistan adjective "Turkmen" );; line 113754 (wfb::source-text ethnic-entity turkmenistan "Turkmen 73.3%, Russian 9.8%, Uzbek 9%, Kazakh 2%, other 5.9%" );; line 113758 (wfb::source-text religion turkmenistan "Muslim 87%, Eastern Orthodox 11%, unknown 2%" );; line 113762 (wfb::source-text language turkmenistan "Turkmen 72%, Russian 12%, Uzbek 9%, other 7%" );; line 113766 (wfb::source-text literacy turkmenistan "age 15 and over can read and write (1989)" );; line 113770 (wfb::source-text literacy turkmenistan total_population "98%" );; line 113772 (wfb::source-text literacy turkmenistan male "99%" );; line 113774 (wfb::source-text literacy turkmenistan female "97%" );; line 113776 (wfb::source-text total_labor_force turkmenistan "1.642 million (January 1994)" );; line 113780 (wfb::source-text labor_force_by_occupation turkmenistan by_occupation "agriculture and forestry 44%, industry and construction 20%, other 36% (1992)" );; line 113782 (wfb::source-text names turkmenistan conventional_long_form "none" );; line 113789 (wfb::source-text names turkmenistan conventional_short_form "Turkmenistan" );; line 113791 (wfb::source-text names turkmenistan local_long_form "none" );; line 113793 (wfb::source-text names turkmenistan local_short_form "Turkmenistan" );; line 113795 (wfb::source-text names turkmenistan former "Turkmen Soviet Socialist Republic" );; line 113797 (wfb::source-text digraph turkmenistan "TX" );; line 113801 (wfb::source-text type turkmenistan "republic" );; line 113805 (wfb::source-text capital turkmenistan "Ashgabat" );; line 113809 (wfb::source-text administrative_divisions turkmenistan "5 welayatlar (singular - welayat): Ahal Welayaty (Ashgabat), Balkan Welayaty (Nebitdag), Dashhowuz Welayaty (formerly Tashauz), Lebap Welayaty (Charjew), Mary Welayaty" );; line 113813 (wfb::source-text independence turkmenistan "27 October 1991 (from the Soviet Union)" );; line 113822 (wfb::source-text national_holiday turkmenistan "Independence Day, 27 October (1991)" );; line 113826 (wfb::source-text constitution turkmenistan "adopted 18 May 1992" );; line 113830 (wfb::source-text legal_system turkmenistan "based on civil law system" );; line 113834 (wfb::source-text suffrage turkmenistan "18 years of age; universal" );; line 113838 (wfb::source-text executive_branch turkmenistan chief_of_state "President Saparmurad NIYAZOV (since NA October 1990); election last held 21 June 1992 (next to be held NA 2002); results - Saparmurad NIYAZOV 99.5% (ran unopposed); note - a 15 January 1994 referendum extended NIYAZOV's term an additional five years until 2002 (99.99% approval)" );; line 113843 (wfb::source-text executive_branch turkmenistan head_of_government "Prime Minister (vacant); Deputy Prime Ministers Orazgeldi AYDOGDIYEV (since NA), Babamurad BAZAROV (since NA), Khekim ISHANOV (since NA), Valeriy OTCHERTSOV (since NA), Yagmur OVEZOV (since NA), Matkarim RAJAPOV (since NA), Abad RIZAYEVA (since NA), Rejep SAPAROV (since NA), Boris SHIKHMURADOV (since NA), Batyr SARJAYEV (since NA)" );; line 113848 (wfb::source-text executive_branch turkmenistan cabinet "Council of Ministers" );; line 113854 (wfb::source-text legislative_structure turkmenistan "under 1992 constitution there are two parliamentary bodies, a unicameral People's Council (Halk Maslahaty - having more than 100 members and meeting infrequently) and a 50-member unicameral Assembly (Majlis)" );; line 113858 (wfb::source-text legislative_branch turkmenistan |Assembly (Majlis)| "elections last held 11 December 1994 (next to be held NA); results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (50 total) Democratic Party 45, other 5; note - all 50 preapproved by President NIYAZOV" );; line 113862 (wfb::source-text judicial_branch turkmenistan "Supreme Court" );; line 113868 (wfb::source-text political_parties_and_leaders turkmenistan "Democratic Party of Turkmenistan, Saparmurad NIYAZOV; Party for Democratic Development, Durdymurat HOJA-MUKHAMMED, chairman; Agzybirlik, Nurberdy NURMAMEDOV, cochairman, Hubayberdi HALLIYEV, cochairman" );; line 113872 (wfb::source-text member_of turkmenistan "CCC, CIS, EBRD, ECE, ECO, ESCAP, IBRD, ICAO, IDB, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT (nonsignatory user), IOC, ISO (correspondent), ITU, NACC, OIC, OSCE, PFP, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WMO, WTO" );; line 113881 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us turkmenistan chief_of_mission "Ambassador Khalil UGUR" );; line 113888 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us turkmenistan chancery "1511 K Street NW, Suite 412, Washington, DC 20005" );; line 113890 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us turkmenistan telephone "[1] (202) 737-4800" );; line 113892 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us turkmenistan fax "[1] (202) 737-1152" );; line 113894 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation turkmenistan chief_of_mission "Ambassador Joseph S. HULINGS III" );; line 113899 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation turkmenistan embassy "6 Teheran Street, Yubilenaya Hotel, Ashgabat" );; line 113901 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation turkmenistan mailing_address "use embassy street address" );; line 113903 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation turkmenistan telephone "[7] (3632) 24-49-25, 24-49-22" );; line 113905 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation turkmenistan fax "[7] (3632) 25-53-79" );; line 113907 (wfb::source-text flag turkmenistan "green field, including a vertical stripe on the hoist side, with a claret vertical stripe in between containing five white, black, and orange carpet guls (an assymetrical design used in producing rugs) associated with five different tribes; a white crescent and five white stars in the upper left corner to the right of the carpet guls" );; line 113911 (wfb::source-text overview turkmenistan "Turkmenistan is largely desert country with nomadic cattle raising, intensive agriculture in irrigated oases, and huge gas and oil resources. Half its irrigated land is planted in cotton making it the world's tenth largest producer. It also has the world's fifth largest reserves of natural gas and significant oil resources. Until the end of 1993, Turkmenistan had experienced less economic disruption than other former Soviet states because its economy received a boost from higher prices for oil and gas and a sharp increase in hard currency earnings. In 1994, Russia's refusal to export Turkmen gas to hard currency markets and mounting debts of its major customers in the former USSR for gas deliveries contributed to a sharp fall in industrial production and caused the budget to shift from a surplus to a slight deficit. Furthermore, with an authoritarian ex-Communist regime in power and a tribally-based social structure, Turkmenistan has taken a cautious approach to economic reform, hoping to use gas and cotton sales to sustain its inefficient economy. With the onset of economic hard times, even cautious moves toward economic restructuring and privatization have slowed down. For 1995, Turkmenistan will face continuing constraints on its earnings because of its customers' inability to pay for their gas and a low average cotton crop in 1994. Turkmenistan is working hard to open new gas export channels through Iran and Turkey, but these may take many years to realize." );; line 113920 (wfb::source-text national_product turkmenistan "GDP - purchasing power parity - $13.1 billion (1994 estimate as extrapolated from World Bank estimate for 1992)" );; line 113943 (wfb::source-text national_product_real_growth_rate turkmenistan "-24% (1994 est.)" );; line 113948 (wfb::source-text national_product_per_capita turkmenistan "$3,280 (1994 est.)" );; line 113952 (wfb::source-text |Inflation rate (consumer prices)| turkmenistan "25% per month (1994)" );; line 113956 (wfb::source-text unemployment_rate turkmenistan "NA" );; line 113960 (wfb::source-text budget turkmenistan revenues "$NA" );; line 113965 (wfb::source-text budget turkmenistan expenditures "$NA, including capital expenditures of $NA" );; line 113967 (wfb::source-text exports turkmenistan "$382 million to states outside the FSU (1994)" );; line 113971 (wfb::source-text exports turkmenistan commodities "natural gas, cotton, petroleum products, electricity, textiles, carpets" );; line 113973 (wfb::source-text exports turkmenistan partners "Ukraine, Russia, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Georgia, Azerbaijan, Armenia, Eastern Europe, Turkey, Argentina" );; line 113976 (wfb::source-text imports turkmenistan "$304 million from states outside the FSU (1994)" );; line 113981 (wfb::source-text imports turkmenistan commodities "machinery and parts, grain and food, plastics and rubber, consumer durables, textiles" );; line 113983 (wfb::source-text imports turkmenistan partners "Russia, Azerbaijan, Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan, Turkey" );; line 113986 (wfb::source-text external_debt turkmenistan "NEGL" );; line 113990 (wfb::source-text industrial_production turkmenistan "growth rate -25% (1994)" );; line 113994 (wfb::source-text electricity turkmenistan capacity "2,480,000 kW" );; line 113999 (wfb::source-text electricity turkmenistan production "10.5 billion kWh" );; line 114001 (wfb::source-text electricity turkmenistan consumption_per_capita "2,600 kWh (1994)" );; line 114003 (wfb::source-text industry turkmenistan "natural gas, oil, petroleum products, textiles, food processing" );; line 114007 (wfb::source-text agriculture turkmenistan "cotton, grain, animal husbandry" );; line 114011 (wfb::source-text illicit_drugs turkmenistan "illicit cultivator of cannabis and opium poppy; mostly for CIS consumption; limited government eradication program; used as transshipment point for illicit drugs from Southwest Asia to Western Europe" );; line 114015 (wfb::source-text economic_aid turkmenistan recipient "Turkmenistan has received about $200 million in bilateral aid credits" );; line 114022 (wfb::source-text currency turkmenistan "Turkmenistan introduced its national currency, the manat, on 1 November 1993" );; line 114027 (wfb::source-text exchange_rates turkmenistan "manats per US$1 - multiple rate system: 10 (official) and 230 (permitted in transactions between the government and individuals)" );; line 114032 (wfb::source-text fiscal_year turkmenistan "calendar year" );; line 114037 (wfb::source-text railroads turkmenistan total "2,120 km in common carrier service; does not include industrial lines" );; line 114043 (wfb::source-text railroads turkmenistan broad_gauge "2,120 km 1.520-m gauge (1990)" );; line 114046 (wfb::source-text highways turkmenistan total "23,000 km" );; line 114051 (wfb::source-text highways turkmenistan paved_and_graveled "18,300 km" );; line 114053 (wfb::source-text highways turkmenistan unpaved "earth 4,700 km (1990)" );; line 114055 (wfb::source-text pipelines turkmenistan "crude oil 250 km; natural gas 4,400 km" );; line 114059 (wfb::source-text port turkmenistan "Turkmenbashi (formerly Krasnowodsk)" );; line 114063 (wfb::source-text airports turkmenistan total "64" );; line 114068 (wfb::source-text airports turkmenistan |with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m| "13" );; line 114070 (wfb::source-text airports turkmenistan |with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m| "8" );; line 114072 (wfb::source-text airports turkmenistan |with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m| "1" );; line 114074 (wfb::source-text airports turkmenistan |with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m| "7" );; line 114076 (wfb::source-text airports turkmenistan with_unpaved_runways_under_914_m "35" );; line 114078 (wfb::source-text telephone_system turkmenistan "NA telephones; only 7.5 telephones/100 persons (1991); poorly developed" );; line 114083 (wfb::source-text telephone_system turkmenistan local "NA" );; line 114086 (wfb::source-text telephone_system turkmenistan intercity "NA" );; line 114088 (wfb::source-text telephone_system turkmenistan international "linked by cable and microwave to other CIS republics and to other countries by leased connections to the Moscow international gateway switch; a new telephone link from Ashgabat to Iran has been established; a new exchange in Ashgabat switches international traffic through Turkey via INTELSAT; 1 Orbita and 1 INTELSAT earth station" );; line 114090 (wfb::source-text radio turkmenistan broadcast_stations "AM NA, FM NA, shortwave NA" );; line 114099 (wfb::source-text radio turkmenistan radios "NA" );; line 114101 (wfb::source-text television turkmenistan broadcast_stations "NA" );; line 114106 (wfb::source-text television turkmenistan televisions "NA" );; line 114108 (wfb::source-text defense_branch turkmenistan "National Guard, Republic Security Forces (internal and border troops), Joint Command Turkmenistan/Russia (Ground, Air, and Air Defense)" );; line 114114 (wfb::source-text manpower_availability turkmenistan "males age 15-49 993,321; males fit for military service 810,392; males reach military age (18) annually 40,430 (1995 est.)" );; line 114119 (wfb::source-text defense_expenditures turkmenistan "$NA, NA% of GDP" );; line 114124 (wfb::source-text location turks_and_caicos_islands "Caribbean, two island groups in the North Atlantic Ocean, southeast of The Bahamas" );; line 114135 (wfb::source-text map_references turks_and_caicos_islands "Central America and the Caribbean" );; line 114140 (wfb::source-text area turks_and_caicos_islands total_area "430 sq km" );; line 114145 (wfb::source-text area turks_and_caicos_islands land_area "430 sq km" );; line 114147 (wfb::source-text area turks_and_caicos_islands comparative_area "slightly less than 2.5 times the size of Washington, DC" );; line 114149 (wfb::source-text borders turks_and_caicos_islands "0 km" );; line 114153 (wfb::source-text coastline turks_and_caicos_islands "389 km" );; line 114157 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims turks_and_caicos_islands exclusive_fishing_zone "200 nm" );; line 114162 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims turks_and_caicos_islands territorial_sea "12 nm" );; line 114164 (wfb::source-text international_disputes turks_and_caicos_islands "none" );; line 114168 (wfb::source-text climate turks_and_caicos_islands "tropical; marine; moderated by trade winds; sunny and relatively dry" );; line 114172 (wfb::source-text terrain turks_and_caicos_islands "low, flat limestone; extensive marshes and mangrove swamps" );; line 114177 (wfb::source-text natural-resource turks_and_caicos_islands "spiny lobster, conch" );; line 114181 (wfb::source-text land_use turks_and_caicos_islands arable_land "2%" );; line 114186 (wfb::source-text land_use turks_and_caicos_islands permanent_crops "0%" );; line 114188 (wfb::source-text land_use turks_and_caicos_islands meadows_and_pastures "0%" );; line 114190 (wfb::source-text land_use turks_and_caicos_islands forest_and_woodland "0%" );; line 114192 (wfb::source-text land_use turks_and_caicos_islands other "98%" );; line 114194 (wfb::source-text irrigated_land turks_and_caicos_islands "NA sq km" );; line 114198 (wfb::source-text environment turks_and_caicos_islands current_issues "limited natural fresh water resources, private cisterns collect rainwater" );; line 114203 (wfb::source-text environment turks_and_caicos_islands natural_hazards "frequent hurricanes" );; line 114206 (wfb::source-text environment turks_and_caicos_islands international_agreements "NA" );; line 114208 (wfb::source-text note turks_and_caicos_islands "30 islands (eight inhabited)" );; line 114212 (wfb::source-text population turks_and_caicos_islands "13,941 (July 1995 est.)" );; line 114218 (wfb::source-text age_structure turks_and_caicos_islands 0-14_years "NA" );; line 114223 (wfb::source-text age_structure turks_and_caicos_islands 15-64_years "NA" );; line 114225 (wfb::source-text age_structure turks_and_caicos_islands 65_years_and_over "NA" );; line 114227 (wfb::source-text population_growth_rate turks_and_caicos_islands "2.41% (1995 est.)" );; line 114231 (wfb::source-text birth_rate turks_and_caicos_islands "13.46 births/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 114235 (wfb::source-text death_rate turks_and_caicos_islands "5.16 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 114239 (wfb::source-text net_migration_rate turks_and_caicos_islands "15.83 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 114243 (wfb::source-text infant_mortality_rate turks_and_caicos_islands "12.63 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.)" );; line 114247 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth turks_and_caicos_islands total_population "75.37 years" );; line 114252 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth turks_and_caicos_islands male "73.44 years" );; line 114254 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth turks_and_caicos_islands female "77.04 years (1995 est.)" );; line 114256 (wfb::source-text total_fertility_rate turks_and_caicos_islands "2.3 children born/woman (1995 est.)" );; line 114260 (wfb::source-text nationality turks_and_caicos_islands noun "none" );; line 114265 (wfb::source-text nationality turks_and_caicos_islands adjective "none" );; line 114267 (wfb::source-text ethnic-entity turks_and_caicos_islands "African" );; line 114271 (wfb::source-text religion turks_and_caicos_islands "Baptist 41.2%, Methodist 18.9%, Anglican 18.3%, Seventh-Day Adventist 1.7%, other 19.9% (1980)" );; line 114275 (wfb::source-text language turks_and_caicos_islands "English (official)" );; line 114280 (wfb::source-text literacy turks_and_caicos_islands "age 15 and over has ever attended school (1970)" );; line 114284 (wfb::source-text literacy turks_and_caicos_islands total_population "98%" );; line 114286 (wfb::source-text literacy turks_and_caicos_islands male "99%" );; line 114288 (wfb::source-text literacy turks_and_caicos_islands female "98%" );; line 114290 (wfb::source-text total_labor_force turks_and_caicos_islands "NA" );; line 114294 (wfb::source-text labor_force_by_occupation turks_and_caicos_islands by_occupation "majority engaged in fishing and tourist industries; some subsistence agriculture" );; line 114296 (wfb::source-text names turks_and_caicos_islands conventional_long_form "none" );; line 114303 (wfb::source-text names turks_and_caicos_islands conventional_short_form "Turks and Caicos Islands" );; line 114305 (wfb::source-text digraph turks_and_caicos_islands "TK" );; line 114309 (wfb::source-text type turks_and_caicos_islands "dependent territory of the UK" );; line 114313 (wfb::source-text capital turks_and_caicos_islands "Grand Turk" );; line 114317 (wfb::source-text administrative_divisions turks_and_caicos_islands "none (dependent territory of the UK)" );; line 114321 (wfb::source-text independence turks_and_caicos_islands "none (dependent territory of the UK)" );; line 114325 (wfb::source-text national_holiday turks_and_caicos_islands "Constitution Day, 30 August (1976)" );; line 114329 (wfb::source-text constitution turks_and_caicos_islands "introduced 30 August 1976, suspended in 1986, restored and revised 5 March 1988" );; line 114333 (wfb::source-text legal_system turks_and_caicos_islands "based on laws of England and Wales with a small number adopted from Jamaica and The Bahamas" );; line 114338 (wfb::source-text suffrage turks_and_caicos_islands "18 years of age; universal" );; line 114343 (wfb::source-text executive_branch turks_and_caicos_islands chief_of_state "Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1953), represented by Governor Martin BOURKE (since NA February 1993)" );; line 114348 (wfb::source-text executive_branch turks_and_caicos_islands head_of_government "Chief Minister Derek H. TAYLOR (since 31 January 1995)" );; line 114351 (wfb::source-text executive_branch turks_and_caicos_islands cabinet "Executive Council; consists of three ex-officio members and five appointed by the governor from the Legislative Council" );; line 114353 (wfb::source-text legislative_structure turks_and_caicos_islands "unicameral" );; line 114358 (wfb::source-text legislative_branch turks_and_caicos_islands legislative_council "elections last held 31 January 1995 (next to be held by NA 2000); results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (20 total, 13 elected) PDM 8, PNP 4, independent (Norman SAUNDERS) 1" );; line 114360 (wfb::source-text judicial_branch turks_and_caicos_islands "Supreme Court" );; line 114366 (wfb::source-text political_parties_and_leaders turks_and_caicos_islands "Progressive National Party (PNP), Washington MISSICK; People's Democratic Movement (PDM), Derek H. TAYLOR; National Democratic Alliance (NDA), Ariel MISSICK" );; line 114370 (wfb::source-text member_of turks_and_caicos_islands "CARICOM (associate), CDB, INTERPOL (subbureau)" );; line 114376 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us turks_and_caicos_islands "none (dependent territory of the UK)" );; line 114380 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation turks_and_caicos_islands "none (dependent territory of the UK)" );; line 114384 (wfb::source-text flag turks_and_caicos_islands "blue with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side quadrant and the colonial shield centered on the outer half of the flag; the shield is yellow and contains a conch shell, lobster, and cactus" );; line 114388 (wfb::source-text overview turks_and_caicos_islands "The economy is based on fishing, tourism, and offshore banking. Only subsistence farming - corn, cassava, citrus, and beans - exists on the Caicos Islands, so that most foods, as well as nonfood products, must be imported." );; line 114395 (wfb::source-text national_product turks_and_caicos_islands "GDP - purchasing power parity - $80.8 million (1992 est.)" );; line 114402 (wfb::source-text national_product_real_growth_rate turks_and_caicos_islands "-1.5% (1992)" );; line 114406 (wfb::source-text national_product_per_capita turks_and_caicos_islands "$6,000 (1992 est.)" );; line 114410 (wfb::source-text |Inflation rate (consumer prices)| turks_and_caicos_islands "NA%" );; line 114414 (wfb::source-text unemployment_rate turks_and_caicos_islands "12% (1992)" );; line 114418 (wfb::source-text budget turks_and_caicos_islands revenues "$20.3 million" );; line 114423 (wfb::source-text budget turks_and_caicos_islands expenditures "$44 million, including capital expenditures of $23.9 million (1989 est.)" );; line 114425 (wfb::source-text exports turks_and_caicos_islands "$6.8 million (f.o.b., 1993)" );; line 114430 (wfb::source-text exports turks_and_caicos_islands commodities "lobster, dried and fresh conch, conch shells" );; line 114432 (wfb::source-text exports turks_and_caicos_islands partners "US, UK" );; line 114434 (wfb::source-text imports turks_and_caicos_islands "$42.8 million (1993)" );; line 114438 (wfb::source-text imports turks_and_caicos_islands commodities "food and beverages, tobacco, clothing, manufactures, construction materials" );; line 114440 (wfb::source-text imports turks_and_caicos_islands partners "US, UK" );; line 114443 (wfb::source-text external_debt turks_and_caicos_islands "$NA" );; line 114447 (wfb::source-text industrial_production turks_and_caicos_islands "growth rate NA%" );; line 114451 (wfb::source-text electricity turks_and_caicos_islands capacity "9,050 kW" );; line 114456 (wfb::source-text electricity turks_and_caicos_islands production "11.1 million kWh" );; line 114458 (wfb::source-text electricity turks_and_caicos_islands consumption_per_capita "860 kWh (1992)" );; line 114460 (wfb::source-text industry turks_and_caicos_islands "fishing, tourism, offshore financial services" );; line 114464 (wfb::source-text agriculture turks_and_caicos_islands "subsistence farming prevails, based on corn and beans; fishing more important than farming; not self-sufficient in food" );; line 114468 (wfb::source-text illicit_drugs turks_and_caicos_islands "transshipment point for South American narcotics destined for the US" );; line 114473 (wfb::source-text economic_aid turks_and_caicos_islands recipient "Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-89), $110 million" );; line 114479 (wfb::source-text currency turks_and_caicos_islands "1 United States dollar (US$) = 100 cents" );; line 114484 (wfb::source-text exchange_rates turks_and_caicos_islands "US currency is used" );; line 114488 (wfb::source-text fiscal_year turks_and_caicos_islands "calendar year" );; line 114492 (wfb::source-text railroads turks_and_caicos_islands "0 km" );; line 114497 (wfb::source-text highways turks_and_caicos_islands total "121 km (including 24 km tarmac)" );; line 114502 (wfb::source-text highways turks_and_caicos_islands paved "NA" );; line 114504 (wfb::source-text highways turks_and_caicos_islands unpaved "NA" );; line 114506 (wfb::source-text port turks_and_caicos_islands "Cockburn Harbour, Grand Turk, Providenciales, Salt Cay" );; line 114510 (wfb::source-text merchant_marine turks_and_caicos_islands "none" );; line 114514 (wfb::source-text airports turks_and_caicos_islands total "7" );; line 114519 (wfb::source-text airports turks_and_caicos_islands |with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m| "3" );; line 114521 (wfb::source-text airports turks_and_caicos_islands |with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m| "1" );; line 114523 (wfb::source-text airports turks_and_caicos_islands with_paved_runways_under_914_m "1" );; line 114525 (wfb::source-text airports turks_and_caicos_islands |with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m| "2" );; line 114527 (wfb::source-text telephone_system turks_and_caicos_islands "1,446 telephones; fair cable and radio services" );; line 114532 (wfb::source-text telephone_system turks_and_caicos_islands local "NA" );; line 114534 (wfb::source-text telephone_system turks_and_caicos_islands intercity "NA" );; line 114536 (wfb::source-text telephone_system turks_and_caicos_islands international "2 submarine cables; 1 INTELSAT (Atlantic Ocean) earth station" );; line 114538 (wfb::source-text radio turks_and_caicos_islands broadcast_stations "AM 3, FM 0, shortwave 0" );; line 114543 (wfb::source-text radio turks_and_caicos_islands radios "NA" );; line 114545 (wfb::source-text television turks_and_caicos_islands broadcast_stations "NA" );; line 114550 (wfb::source-text television turks_and_caicos_islands televisions "NA" );; line 114552 (wfb::source-text note turks_and_caicos_islands "defense is the responsibility of the UK" );; line 114558 (wfb::source-text location tuvalu "Oceania, island group consisting of nine coral atolls in the South Pacific Ocean, about one-half of the way from Hawaii to Australia" );; line 114568 (wfb::source-text map_references tuvalu "Oceania" );; line 114573 (wfb::source-text area tuvalu total_area "26 sq km" );; line 114578 (wfb::source-text area tuvalu land_area "26 sq km" );; line 114580 (wfb::source-text area tuvalu comparative_area "about 0.1 times the size of Washington, DC" );; line 114582 (wfb::source-text borders tuvalu "0 km" );; line 114586 (wfb::source-text coastline tuvalu "24 km" );; line 114590 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims tuvalu contiguous_zone "24 nm" );; line 114595 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims tuvalu exclusive_economic_zone "200 nm" );; line 114597 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims tuvalu territorial_sea "12 nm" );; line 114599 (wfb::source-text international_disputes tuvalu "none" );; line 114603 (wfb::source-text climate tuvalu "tropical; moderated by easterly trade winds (March to November); westerly gales and heavy rain (November to March)" );; line 114607 (wfb::source-text terrain tuvalu "very low-lying and narrow coral atolls" );; line 114612 (wfb::source-text natural-resource tuvalu "fish" );; line 114616 (wfb::source-text land_use tuvalu arable_land "0%" );; line 114621 (wfb::source-text land_use tuvalu permanent_crops "0%" );; line 114623 (wfb::source-text land_use tuvalu meadows_and_pastures "0%" );; line 114625 (wfb::source-text land_use tuvalu forest_and_woodland "0%" );; line 114627 (wfb::source-text land_use tuvalu other "100%" );; line 114629 (wfb::source-text irrigated_land tuvalu "NA sq km" );; line 114636 (wfb::source-text environment tuvalu current_issues "since there are no streams or rivers and groundwater is not potable, all water needs must be met by catchment systems with storage facilities; beachhead erosion because of the use of sand for building materials; excessive clearance of forest undergrowth for use as fuel; damage to coral reefs from the spread of the crown of thorns starfish" );; line 114641 (wfb::source-text environment tuvalu natural_hazards "severe tropical storms are rare" );; line 114647 (wfb::source-text environment tuvalu international_agreements "party to - Climate Change, Endangered Species, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution; signed, but not ratified - Biodiversity, Law of the Sea" );; line 114649 (wfb::source-text population tuvalu "9,991 (July 1995 est.)" );; line 114657 (wfb::source-text age_structure tuvalu 0-14_years "36% (female 1,787; male 1,852)" );; line 114662 (wfb::source-text age_structure tuvalu 15-64_years "59% (female 3,105; male 2,764)" );; line 114664 (wfb::source-text age_structure tuvalu 65_years_and_over "5% (female 258; male 225) (July 1995 est.)" );; line 114666 (wfb::source-text population_growth_rate tuvalu "1.58% (1995 est.)" );; line 114670 (wfb::source-text birth_rate tuvalu "24.82 births/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 114674 (wfb::source-text death_rate tuvalu "9.01 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 114678 (wfb::source-text net_migration_rate tuvalu "0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 114682 (wfb::source-text infant_mortality_rate tuvalu "27.9 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.)" );; line 114686 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth tuvalu total_population "63.15 years" );; line 114691 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth tuvalu male "61.87 years" );; line 114693 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth tuvalu female "64.34 years (1995 est.)" );; line 114695 (wfb::source-text total_fertility_rate tuvalu "3.11 children born/woman (1995 est.)" );; line 114699 (wfb::source-text nationality tuvalu noun "Tuvaluans(s)" );; line 114704 (wfb::source-text nationality tuvalu adjective "Tuvaluan" );; line 114706 (wfb::source-text ethnic-entity tuvalu "Polynesian 96%" );; line 114710 (wfb::source-text religion tuvalu "Church of Tuvalu (Congregationalist) 97%, Seventh-Day Adventist 1.4%, Baha'i 1%, other 0.6%" );; line 114714 (wfb::source-text language tuvalu "Tuvaluan, English" );; line 114719 (wfb::source-text literacy tuvalu "NA%" );; line 114723 (wfb::source-text total_labor_force tuvalu "NA" );; line 114727 (wfb::source-text labor_force_by_occupation tuvalu by_occupation "NA" );; line 114729 (wfb::source-text names tuvalu conventional_long_form "none" );; line 114735 (wfb::source-text names tuvalu conventional_short_form "Tuvalu" );; line 114737 (wfb::source-text names tuvalu former "Ellice Islands" );; line 114739 (wfb::source-text digraph tuvalu "TV" );; line 114743 (wfb::source-text type tuvalu "democracy; began debating republic status in 1992" );; line 114747 (wfb::source-text capital tuvalu "Funafuti" );; line 114751 (wfb::source-text administrative_divisions tuvalu "none" );; line 114755 (wfb::source-text independence tuvalu "1 October 1978 (from UK)" );; line 114759 (wfb::source-text national_holiday tuvalu "Independence Day, 1 October (1978)" );; line 114763 (wfb::source-text constitution tuvalu "1 October 1978" );; line 114767 (wfb::source-text legal_system tuvalu "NA" );; line 114771 (wfb::source-text suffrage tuvalu "18 years of age; universal" );; line 114775 (wfb::source-text executive_branch tuvalu chief_of_state "Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952), represented by Governor General Tulaga MANUELLA (since NA June 1994)" );; line 114780 (wfb::source-text executive_branch tuvalu head_of_government "Prime Minister Kamuta LATASI (since 10 December 1993); Deputy Prime Minister Otinielu TAUSI (since 10 December 1993)" );; line 114783 (wfb::source-text executive_branch tuvalu cabinet "Cabinet; appointed by the governor general on recommendation of the prime minister" );; line 114786 (wfb::source-text legislative_structure tuvalu "unicameral" );; line 114791 (wfb::source-text legislative_branch tuvalu |Parliament (Palamene)| "elections last held 25 November 1993 (next to be held by NA 1997); results - percent of vote NA; seats - (12 total)" );; line 114793 (wfb::source-text judicial_branch tuvalu "High Court" );; line 114798 (wfb::source-text political_parties_and_leaders tuvalu "none" );; line 114802 (wfb::source-text member_of tuvalu "ACP, AsDB, C (special), ESCAP, IFRCS (associate), INTELSAT (nonsignatory user), SPARTECA, SPC, SPF, UNESCO, UPU, WHO" );; line 114806 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us tuvalu "Tuvalu has no mission in the US" );; line 114811 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation tuvalu "none" );; line 114815 (wfb::source-text flag tuvalu "light blue with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side quadrant; the outer half of the flag represents a map of the country with nine yellow five-pointed stars symbolizing the nine islands" );; line 114819 (wfb::source-text overview tuvalu "Tuvalu consists of a scattered group of nine coral atolls with poor soil. The country has no known mineral resources and few exports. Subsistence farming and fishing are the primary economic activities. The islands are too small and too remote for development of a tourist industry. Government revenues largely come from the sale of stamps and coins and worker remittances. Substantial income is received annually from an international trust fund established in 1987 by Australia, NZ, and the UK and supported also by Japan and South Korea." );; line 114826 (wfb::source-text national_product tuvalu "GDP - purchasing power parity - $7.8 million (1993 est.)" );; line 114837 (wfb::source-text national_product_real_growth_rate tuvalu "NA%" );; line 114841 (wfb::source-text national_product_per_capita tuvalu "$800 (1993 est.)" );; line 114845 (wfb::source-text |Inflation rate (consumer prices)| tuvalu "2.9% (1989)" );; line 114849 (wfb::source-text unemployment_rate tuvalu "NA%" );; line 114853 (wfb::source-text budget tuvalu revenues "$4.3 million" );; line 114858 (wfb::source-text budget tuvalu expenditures "$4.3 million, including capital expenditures of $NA (1989 est.)" );; line 114860 (wfb::source-text exports tuvalu "$165,000 (f.o.b., 1989)" );; line 114864 (wfb::source-text exports tuvalu commodities "copra" );; line 114866 (wfb::source-text exports tuvalu partners "Fiji, Australia, NZ" );; line 114868 (wfb::source-text imports tuvalu "$4.4 million (c.i.f., 1989)" );; line 114872 (wfb::source-text imports tuvalu commodities "food, animals, mineral fuels, machinery, manufactured goods" );; line 114874 (wfb::source-text imports tuvalu partners "Fiji, Australia, NZ" );; line 114876 (wfb::source-text external_debt tuvalu "$NA" );; line 114880 (wfb::source-text industrial_production tuvalu "growth rate NA%" );; line 114884 (wfb::source-text electricity tuvalu capacity "2,600 kW" );; line 114889 (wfb::source-text electricity tuvalu production "3 million kWh" );; line 114891 (wfb::source-text electricity tuvalu consumption_per_capita "330 kWh (1990)" );; line 114893 (wfb::source-text industry tuvalu "fishing, tourism, copra" );; line 114897 (wfb::source-text agriculture tuvalu "coconuts and fish" );; line 114901 (wfb::source-text economic_aid tuvalu recipient "US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-87), $1 million; Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-89), $101 million" );; line 114906 (wfb::source-text currency tuvalu "1 Tuvaluan dollar ($T) or 1 Australian dollar ($A) = 100 cents" );; line 114911 (wfb::source-text exchange_rates tuvalu "Tuvaluan dollars ($T) or Australian dollars ($A) per US$1 - 1.3058 (January 1995), 1.3667 (1994), 1.4704 (1993), 1.3600 (1992), 1.2835 (1991), 1.2799 (1990)" );; line 114915 (wfb::source-text fiscal_year tuvalu "NA" );; line 114921 (wfb::source-text railroads tuvalu "0 km" );; line 114926 (wfb::source-text highways tuvalu total "8 km" );; line 114931 (wfb::source-text highways tuvalu unpaved "gravel 8 km" );; line 114933 (wfb::source-text port tuvalu "Funafuti, Nukufetau" );; line 114937 (wfb::source-text merchant_marine tuvalu total "8 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 44,473 GRT/73,652 DWT" );; line 114942 (wfb::source-text merchant_marine tuvalu ships_by_type "cargo 1, chemical tanker 4, oil tanker 1, passenger-cargo 1, refrigerated cargo 1" );; line 114944 (wfb::source-text airports tuvalu total "1" );; line 114950 (wfb::source-text airports tuvalu |with unpaved runways 1,524 to 2,438 m| "1" );; line 114952 (wfb::source-text telephone_system tuvalu "108 telephones; 300 radiotelephones" );; line 114957 (wfb::source-text telephone_system tuvalu local "NA" );; line 114959 (wfb::source-text telephone_system tuvalu intercity "NA" );; line 114961 (wfb::source-text telephone_system tuvalu international "NA" );; line 114963 (wfb::source-text radio tuvalu broadcast_stations "AM 1, FM 0, shortwave 0" );; line 114968 (wfb::source-text radio tuvalu radios "4,000" );; line 114970 (wfb::source-text television tuvalu broadcast_stations "0" );; line 114975 (wfb::source-text television tuvalu televisions "NA" );; line 114977 (wfb::source-text defense_branch tuvalu "no military forces; Police Force" );; line 114983 (wfb::source-text defense_expenditures tuvalu "$NA, NA% of GDP" );; line 114987 (wfb::source-text location uganda "Eastern Africa, west of Kenya" );; line 114998 (wfb::source-text map_references uganda "Africa" );; line 115002 (wfb::source-text area uganda total_area "236,040 sq km" );; line 115007 (wfb::source-text area uganda land_area "199,710 sq km" );; line 115009 (wfb::source-text area uganda comparative_area "slightly smaller than Oregon" );; line 115011 (wfb::source-text borders uganda "total 2,698 km, Kenya 933 km, Rwanda 169 km, Sudan 435 km, Tanzania 396 km, Zaire 765 km" );; line 115015 (wfb::source-text coastline uganda "0 km (landlocked)" );; line 115020 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims uganda "none; landlocked" );; line 115024 (wfb::source-text international_disputes uganda "none" );; line 115028 (wfb::source-text climate uganda "tropical; generally rainy with two dry seasons (December to February, June to August); semiarid in northeast" );; line 115032 (wfb::source-text terrain uganda "mostly plateau with rim of mountains" );; line 115037 (wfb::source-text natural-resource uganda "copper, cobalt, limestone, salt" );; line 115041 (wfb::source-text land_use uganda arable_land "23%" );; line 115046 (wfb::source-text land_use uganda permanent_crops "9%" );; line 115048 (wfb::source-text land_use uganda meadows_and_pastures "25%" );; line 115050 (wfb::source-text land_use uganda forest_and_woodland "30%" );; line 115052 (wfb::source-text land_use uganda other "13%" );; line 115054 (wfb::source-text irrigated_land uganda "90 sq km (1989 est.)" );; line 115058 (wfb::source-text environment uganda current_issues "draining of wetlands for agricultural use; deforestation; overgrazing; soil erosion; poaching is widespread" );; line 115063 (wfb::source-text environment uganda natural_hazards "NA" );; line 115066 (wfb::source-text environment uganda international_agreements "party to - Biodiversity, Climate Change, Endangered Species, Law of the Sea, Marine Life Conservation, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands; signed, but not ratified - Environmental Modification" );; line 115068 (wfb::source-text note uganda "landlocked" );; line 115074 (wfb::source-text population uganda "19,573,262 (July 1995 est.)" );; line 115080 (wfb::source-text age_structure uganda 0-14_years "49% (female 4,792,164; male 4,834,757)" );; line 115085 (wfb::source-text age_structure uganda 15-64_years "49% (female 4,802,650; male 4,704,159)" );; line 115087 (wfb::source-text age_structure uganda 65_years_and_over "2% (female 215,648; male 223,884) (July 1995 est.)" );; line 115089 (wfb::source-text population_growth_rate uganda "2.25% (1995 est.)" );; line 115093 (wfb::source-text birth_rate uganda "48.03 births/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 115097 (wfb::source-text death_rate uganda "24.35 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 115101 (wfb::source-text net_migration_rate uganda "NA migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 115105 (wfb::source-text infant_mortality_rate uganda "112.2 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.)" );; line 115114 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth uganda total_population "36.58 years" );; line 115119 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth uganda male "36.26 years" );; line 115121 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth uganda female "36.91 years (1995 est.)" );; line 115123 (wfb::source-text total_fertility_rate uganda "6.7 children born/woman (1995 est.)" );; line 115127 (wfb::source-text nationality uganda noun "Ugandan(s)" );; line 115132 (wfb::source-text nationality uganda adjective "Ugandan" );; line 115134 (wfb::source-text ethnic-entity uganda "Baganda 17%, Karamojong 12%, Basogo 8%, Iteso 8%, Langi 6%, Rwanda 6%, Bagisu 5%, Acholi 4%, Lugbara 4%, Bunyoro 3%, Batobo 3%, European, Asian, Arab 1%, other 23%" );; line 115138 (wfb::source-text religion uganda "Roman Catholic 33%, Protestant 33%, Muslim 16%, indigenous beliefs 18%" );; line 115144 (wfb::source-text language uganda "English (official), Luganda, Swahili, Bantu languages, Nilotic languages" );; line 115149 (wfb::source-text literacy uganda "age 15 and over can read and write (1991)" );; line 115154 (wfb::source-text literacy uganda total_population "56%" );; line 115156 (wfb::source-text literacy uganda male "68%" );; line 115158 (wfb::source-text literacy uganda female "45%" );; line 115160 (wfb::source-text total_labor_force uganda "4.5 million (est.)" );; line 115164 (wfb::source-text labor_force_by_occupation uganda by_occupation "agriculture over 80%" );; line 115166 (wfb::source-text names uganda conventional_long_form "Republic of Uganda" );; line 115172 (wfb::source-text names uganda conventional_short_form "Uganda" );; line 115174 (wfb::source-text digraph uganda "UG" );; line 115178 (wfb::source-text type uganda "republic" );; line 115182 (wfb::source-text capital uganda "Kampala" );; line 115186 (wfb::source-text administrative_divisions uganda "39 districts; Apac, Arua, Bundibugyo, Bushenyi, Gulu, Hoima, Iganga, Jinja, Kabale, Kabarole, Kalangala, Kampala, Kamuli, Kapchorwa, Kasese, Kibale, Kiboga, Kisoro, Kitgum, Kotido, Kumi, Lira, Luwero, Masaka, Masindi, Mbale, Mbarara, Moroto, Moyo, Mpigi, Mubende, Mukono, Nebbi, Ntungamo, Pallisa, Rakai, Rukungiri, Sototi, Tororo" );; line 115190 (wfb::source-text independence uganda "9 October 1962 (from UK)" );; line 115198 (wfb::source-text national_holiday uganda "Independence Day, 9 October (1962)" );; line 115202 (wfb::source-text constitution uganda "8 September 1967, in process of constitutional revision" );; line 115206 (wfb::source-text legal_system uganda "government plans to restore system based on English common law and customary law and reinstitute a normal judicial system; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations" );; line 115210 (wfb::source-text suffrage uganda "18 years of age; universal" );; line 115216 (wfb::source-text executive_branch uganda chief_of_state "President Lt. Gen. Yoweri Kaguta MUSEVENI (since 29 January 1986); Vice President Dr. Specioza Wandira KAZIBWE (since 18 November 1994)" );; line 115221 (wfb::source-text executive_branch uganda head_of_government "Prime Minister Kintu MUSOKE (since 18 November 1994)" );; line 115224 (wfb::source-text executive_branch uganda cabinet "Cabinet; appointed by the president" );; line 115226 (wfb::source-text legislative_structure uganda "unicameral" );; line 115230 (wfb::source-text legislative_branch uganda national_resistance_council "elections last held 28 March 1993 (next to be held end of 1995); results - 284 non-partisan delegates elected to an interim Constituent Assembly with the principal task of writing a final draft of a new constitution for Uganda on the basis of which a regular Constituent Assembly will be elected" );; line 115232 (wfb::source-text judicial_branch uganda "Court of Appeal, High Court" );; line 115242 (wfb::source-text political_parties_and_leaders uganda "only party - National Resistance Movement (NRM), Yoweri MUSEVENI" );; line 115246 (wfb::source-text other_political_or_pressure_groups uganda "Lord's Resistance Army (LRA); Ruwenzori Movement" );; line 115255 (wfb::source-text member_of uganda "ACP, AfDB, C, CCC, EADB, ECA, FAO, G-77, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IGADD, ILO, IMF, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, IOM, ISO (correspondent), ITU, NAM, OAU, OIC, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNITAR, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO" );; line 115259 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us uganda chief_of_mission "Ambassador Stephen Kapimpina KATENTA-APULI" );; line 115267 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us uganda chancery "5911 16th Street NW, Washington, DC 20011" );; line 115269 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us uganda telephone "[1] (202) 726-7100 through 7102, 0416" );; line 115271 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us uganda fax "[1] (202) 726-1727" );; line 115273 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation uganda chief_of_mission "Ambassador E. Michael SOUTHWICK" );; line 115278 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation uganda embassy "Parliament Avenue, Kampala" );; line 115280 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation uganda mailing_address "P. O. Box 7007, Kampala" );; line 115282 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation uganda telephone "[256] (41) 259792, 259793, 259795" );; line 115284 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation uganda fax "[256] (41) 259794" );; line 115286 (wfb::source-text flag uganda "six equal horizontal bands of black (top), yellow, red, black, yellow, and red; a white disk is superimposed at the center and depicts a red-crested crane (the national symbol) facing the staff side" );; line 115290 (wfb::source-text overview uganda "Uganda has substantial natural resources, including fertile soils, regular rainfall, and sizable mineral deposits of copper and cobalt. Agriculture is the most important sector of the economy, employing over 80% of the work force. Coffee is the major export crop and accounts for the bulk of export revenues. Since 1986 the government - with the support of foreign countries and international agencies - has acted to rehabilitate and stabilize the economy by undertaking currency reform, raising producer prices on export crops, increasing prices of petroleum products, and improving civil service wages. The policy changes are especially aimed at dampening inflation and boosting production and export earnings. In 1990-94, the economy turned in a solid performance based on continued investment in the rehabilitation of infrastructure, improved incentives for production and exports, and gradually improving domestic security. The economy again prospered in 1994 with rapid growth, low inflation, growing foreign investment, a trimmed bureaucracy, and the continued return of exiled Indian-Ugandan entrepreneurs." );; line 115297 (wfb::source-text national_product uganda "GDP - purchasing power parity - $16.2 billion (1994 est.)" );; line 115315 (wfb::source-text national_product_real_growth_rate uganda "6% (1994 est.)" );; line 115319 (wfb::source-text national_product_per_capita uganda "$850 (1994 est.)" );; line 115323 (wfb::source-text |Inflation rate (consumer prices)| uganda "5% (1994 est.)" );; line 115327 (wfb::source-text unemployment_rate uganda "NA%" );; line 115331 (wfb::source-text budget uganda revenues "$365 million" );; line 115336 (wfb::source-text budget uganda expenditures "$545 million, including capital expenditures of $165 million (1989 est.)" );; line 115338 (wfb::source-text exports uganda "$237 million (f.o.b., 1993 est.)" );; line 115343 (wfb::source-text exports uganda commodities "coffee 97%, cotton, tea" );; line 115345 (wfb::source-text exports uganda partners "US 25%, UK 18%, France 11%, Spain 10%" );; line 115347 (wfb::source-text imports uganda "$696 million (c.i.f., 1993 est.)" );; line 115351 (wfb::source-text imports uganda commodities "petroleum products, machinery, cotton piece goods, metals, transportation equipment, food" );; line 115353 (wfb::source-text imports uganda partners "Kenya 25%, UK 14%, Italy 13%" );; line 115356 (wfb::source-text external_debt uganda "$2.9 billion (1993 est.)" );; line 115360 (wfb::source-text industrial_production uganda "growth rate 1.5% (1992); accounts for 5% of GDP" );; line 115364 (wfb::source-text electricity uganda capacity "160,000 kW" );; line 115369 (wfb::source-text electricity uganda production "780 million kWh" );; line 115371 (wfb::source-text electricity uganda consumption_per_capita "32 kWh (1993)" );; line 115373 (wfb::source-text industry uganda "sugar, brewing, tobacco, cotton textiles, cement" );; line 115377 (wfb::source-text agriculture uganda "mainly subsistence; accounts for 57% of GDP and over 80% of labor force; cash crops - coffee, tea, cotton, tobacco; food crops - cassava, potatoes, corn, millet, pulses; livestock products - beef, goat meat, milk, poultry; self-sufficient in food" );; line 115381 (wfb::source-text economic_aid uganda recipient "US commitments, including Ex-Im (1970-89), $145 million; Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-89), $1.4 billion; OPEC bilateral aid (1979-89), $60 million; Communist countries (1970-89), $169 million" );; line 115389 (wfb::source-text currency uganda "1 Ugandan shilling (USh) = 100 cents" );; line 115396 (wfb::source-text exchange_rates uganda "Ugandan shillings (USh) per US$1 - 1,195 (December 1994), 1,195.0 (1993), 1.133.8 (1992), 734.0 (1991), 428.85 (1990), 223.1 (1989)" );; line 115400 (wfb::source-text fiscal_year uganda "1 July - 30 June" );; line 115405 (wfb::source-text railroads uganda total "1,300 km single track" );; line 115411 (wfb::source-text railroads uganda narrow_gauge "1,300 km 1.000-m-gauge" );; line 115413 (wfb::source-text highways uganda total "26,200 km" );; line 115418 (wfb::source-text highways uganda paved "1,970 km" );; line 115420 (wfb::source-text highways uganda unpaved "gravel, crushed stone 5,849 km; earth, tracks 18,381 km" );; line 115422 (wfb::source-text inland_waterways uganda "Lake Victoria, Lake Albert, Lake Kyoga, Lake George, Lake Edward; Victoria Nile, Albert Nile; principal inland water ports are at Jinja and Port Bell, both on Lake Victoria" );; line 115426 (wfb::source-text port uganda "Entebbe, Jinja, Port Bell" );; line 115432 (wfb::source-text merchant_marine uganda total "3 roll-on/roll-off cargo ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 5,091 GRT/NA DWT" );; line 115437 (wfb::source-text airports uganda total "29" );; line 115443 (wfb::source-text airports uganda |with paved runways over 3,047 m| "3" );; line 115445 (wfb::source-text airports uganda |with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m| "1" );; line 115447 (wfb::source-text airports uganda with_paved_runways_under_914_m "9" );; line 115449 (wfb::source-text airports uganda |with unpaved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m| "1" );; line 115451 (wfb::source-text airports uganda |with unpaved runways 1,524 to 2,438 m| "6" );; line 115453 (wfb::source-text airports uganda |with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m| "9" );; line 115455 (wfb::source-text telephone_system uganda "NA telephones; fair system" );; line 115460 (wfb::source-text telephone_system uganda local "NA" );; line 115462 (wfb::source-text telephone_system uganda intercity "microwave and radio communications stations" );; line 115464 (wfb::source-text telephone_system uganda international "1 INTELSAT (Atlantic Ocean) earth station" );; line 115466 (wfb::source-text radio uganda broadcast_stations "AM 10, FM 0, shortwave 0" );; line 115471 (wfb::source-text radio uganda radios "NA" );; line 115473 (wfb::source-text television uganda broadcast_stations "9" );; line 115478 (wfb::source-text television uganda televisions "NA" );; line 115480 (wfb::source-text defense_branch uganda "Army, Navy, Air Wing" );; line 115486 (wfb::source-text manpower_availability uganda "males age 15-49 4,231,019; males fit for military service 2,298,654 (1995 est.)" );; line 115490 (wfb::source-text defense_expenditures uganda "exchange rate conversion - $55 million, 1.7% of budget (FY93/94)" );; line 115495 (wfb::source-text location ukraine "Eastern Europe, bordering the Black Sea, between Poland and Russia" );; line 115505 (wfb::source-text map_references ukraine "Commonwealth of Independent States - European States" );; line 115510 (wfb::source-text area ukraine total_area "603,700 sq km" );; line 115515 (wfb::source-text area ukraine land_area "603,700 sq km" );; line 115517 (wfb::source-text area ukraine comparative_area "slightly smaller than Texas" );; line 115519 (wfb::source-text borders ukraine "total 4,558 km, Belarus 891 km, Hungary 103 km, Moldova 939 km, Poland 428 km, Romania (southwest) 169 km, Romania (west) 362 km, Russia 1,576 km, Slovakia 90 km" );; line 115523 (wfb::source-text coastline ukraine "2,782 km" );; line 115529 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims ukraine continental_shelf "200-m or to the depth of exploitation" );; line 115534 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims ukraine exclusive_economic_zone "undefined" );; line 115536 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims ukraine territorial_sea "12 nm" );; line 115538 (wfb::source-text international_disputes ukraine "certain territory of Moldova and Ukraine - including Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina - are considered by Bucharest as historically a part of Romania; this territory was incorporated into the former Soviet Union following the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact in 1940; potential dispute with Russia over Crimea; has made no territorial claim in Antarctica (but has reserved the right to do so) and does not recognize the claims of any other nation" );; line 115542 (wfb::source-text climate ukraine "temperate continental; Mediterranean only on the southern Crimean coast; precipitation disproportionately distributed, highest in west and north, lesser in east and southeast; winters vary from cool along the Black Sea to cold farther inland; summers are warm across the greater part of the country, hot in the south" );; line 115551 (wfb::source-text terrain ukraine "most of Ukraine consists of fertile plains (steppes) and plateaux, mountains being found only in the west (the Carpathians), and in the Crimean Peninsula in the extreme south" );; line 115559 (wfb::source-text natural-resource ukraine "iron ore, coal, manganese, natural gas, oil, salt, sulphur, graphite, titanium, magnesium, kaolin, nickel, mercury, timber" );; line 115565 (wfb::source-text land_use ukraine arable_land "56%" );; line 115571 (wfb::source-text land_use ukraine permanent_crops "2%" );; line 115573 (wfb::source-text land_use ukraine meadows_and_pastures "12%" );; line 115575 (wfb::source-text land_use ukraine forest_and_woodland "0%" );; line 115577 (wfb::source-text land_use ukraine other "30%" );; line 115579 (wfb::source-text irrigated_land ukraine "26,000 sq km (1990)" );; line 115583 (wfb::source-text environment ukraine current_issues "inadequate supplies of potable water; air and water pollution; deforestation; radiation contamination in the northeast from 1986 accident at Chornobyl' Nuclear Power Plant" );; line 115588 (wfb::source-text environment ukraine natural_hazards "NA" );; line 115592 (wfb::source-text environment ukraine international_agreements "party to - Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Sulphur 85, Antarctic Treaty, Environmental Modification, Marine Dumping, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution; signed, but not ratified - Air Pollution-Sulphur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Law of the Sea" );; line 115594 (wfb::source-text note ukraine "strategic position at the crossroads between Europe and Asia; second largest country in Europe" );; line 115602 (wfb::source-text population ukraine "51,867,828 (July 1995 est.)" );; line 115609 (wfb::source-text age_structure ukraine 0-14_years "21% (female 5,217,850; male 5,407,450)" );; line 115614 (wfb::source-text age_structure ukraine 15-64_years "65% (female 17,563,924; male 16,334,299)" );; line 115616 (wfb::source-text age_structure ukraine 65_years_and_over "14% (female 4,976,893; male 2,367,412) (July 1995 est.)" );; line 115618 (wfb::source-text population_growth_rate ukraine "0.04% (1995 est.)" );; line 115622 (wfb::source-text birth_rate ukraine "12.31 births/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 115626 (wfb::source-text death_rate ukraine "12.67 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 115630 (wfb::source-text net_migration_rate ukraine "0.71 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 115634 (wfb::source-text infant_mortality_rate ukraine "20.5 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.)" );; line 115638 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth ukraine total_population "70.11 years" );; line 115643 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth ukraine male "65.59 years" );; line 115645 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth ukraine female "74.87 years (1995 est.)" );; line 115647 (wfb::source-text total_fertility_rate ukraine "1.81 children born/woman (1995 est.)" );; line 115651 (wfb::source-text nationality ukraine noun "Ukrainian(s)" );; line 115656 (wfb::source-text nationality ukraine adjective "Ukrainian" );; line 115658 (wfb::source-text ethnic-entity ukraine "Ukrainian 73%, Russian 22%, Jewish 1%, other 4%" );; line 115662 (wfb::source-text religion ukraine "Ukrainian Orthodox - Moscow Patriarchate, Ukrainian Orthodox - Kiev Patriarchate, Ukrainian Autocephalous Orthodox, Ukrainian Catholic (Uniate), Protestant, Jewish" );; line 115666 (wfb::source-text language ukraine "Ukrainian, Russian, Romanian, Polish, Hungarian" );; line 115672 (wfb::source-text literacy ukraine "age 15 and over can read and write (1989)" );; line 115676 (wfb::source-text literacy ukraine total_population "98%" );; line 115678 (wfb::source-text literacy ukraine male "100%" );; line 115680 (wfb::source-text literacy ukraine female "97%" );; line 115682 (wfb::source-text total_labor_force ukraine "23.55 million (January 1994)" );; line 115686 (wfb::source-text labor_force_by_occupation ukraine by_occupation "industry and construction 33%, agriculture and forestry 21%, health, education, and culture 16%, trade and distribution 7%, transport and communication 7%, other 16% (1992)" );; line 115688 (wfb::source-text names ukraine conventional_long_form "none" );; line 115696 (wfb::source-text names ukraine conventional_short_form "Ukraine" );; line 115698 (wfb::source-text names ukraine local_long_form "none" );; line 115700 (wfb::source-text names ukraine local_short_form "Ukrayina" );; line 115702 (wfb::source-text names ukraine former "Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic" );; line 115704 (wfb::source-text digraph ukraine "UP" );; line 115708 (wfb::source-text type ukraine "republic" );; line 115712 (wfb::source-text capital ukraine "Kiev (Kyyiv)" );; line 115716 (wfb::source-text administrative_divisions ukraine "24 oblasti (singular - oblast'), 1 autonomous republic* (avtomnaya respublika), and 2 municipalites (mista, singular - misto) with oblast status**; Cherkas'ka (Cherkasy), Chernihivs'ka (Chernihiv), Chernivets'ka (Chernivtsi), Dnipropetrovs'ka (Dnipropetrovs'k), Donets'ka (Donets'k), Ivano-Frankivs'ka (Ivano-Frankivs'k), Kharkivs'ka (Kharkiv), Khersons'ka (Kherson), Khmel'nyts'ka (Khmel'nyts'kyy), Kirovohrads'ka (Kirovohrad), Kyyiv**, Kyyivs'ka (Kiev), Luhans'ka (Luhans'k), L'vivs'ka (L'viv), Mykolayivs'ka (Mykolayiv), Odes'ka (Odesa), Poltavs'ka (Poltava), Respublika Krym* (Simferopol'), Rivnens'ka (Rivne), Sevastopol'**, Sums'ka (Sevastopol'), Ternopil's'ka (Ternopil'), Vinnyts'ka (Vinnytsya), Volyns'ka (Luts'k), Zakarpats'ka (Uzhhorod), Zaporiz'ka (Zaporizhzhya), Zhytomyrs'ka (Zhytomyr)" );; line 115720 (wfb::source-text independence ukraine "1 December 1991 (from Soviet Union)" );; line 115737 (wfb::source-text national_holiday ukraine "Independence Day, 24 August (1991)" );; line 115741 (wfb::source-text constitution ukraine "using 1978 pre-independence constitution; new constitution currently being drafted" );; line 115745 (wfb::source-text legal_system ukraine "based on civil law system; no judicial review of legislative acts" );; line 115750 (wfb::source-text suffrage ukraine "18 years of age; universal" );; line 115754 (wfb::source-text executive_branch ukraine chief_of_state "President Leonid D. KUCHMA (since 19 July 1994); election last held 26 June and 10 July 1994 (next to be held NA 1999); results - Leonid KUCHMA 52.15%, Leonid KRAVCHUK 45.06%" );; line 115759 (wfb::source-text executive_branch ukraine head_of_government "Acting Prime Minister Yeuben MARCHUK (since 3 March 1995); First Deputy Prime Ministers Yevhen MARCHUK and Viktor PYNZENYK (since 31 October 1994) and six deputy prime ministers" );; line 115763 (wfb::source-text executive_branch ukraine cabinet "Council of Ministers; appointed by the president and approved by the Supreme Council" );; line 115767 (wfb::source-text executive_branch ukraine national_security_council "originally created in 1992, but signficantly revamped and strengthened under President KUCHMA; members include the president, prime minister, Ministers of Finance, Environment, Justice, Internal Affairs, Foreign Economic Relations, Economic and Foreign Affairs; the NSC staff is tasked with developing national security policy on domestic and international matters and advising the president" );; line 115770 (wfb::source-text executive_branch ukraine presidential_administration "helps draft presidential edicts and provides policy support to the president" );; line 115777 (wfb::source-text executive_branch ukraine council_of_regions "advisory body created by President KUCHMA in September 1994; includes the Chairmen of Oblast and Kiev and Sevastopol City Supreme Councils" );; line 115780 (wfb::source-text legislative_structure ukraine "unicameral" );; line 115785 (wfb::source-text legislative_branch ukraine supreme_council "elections last held 27 March 1994 with repeat elections continuing through December 1998 to fill empty seats (next to be held NA); results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (450 total) Communists 91, Rukh 22, Agrarians 18, Socialists 15, Republicans 11, Congress of Ukrainian Nationalists 5, Labor 5, Party of Democratic Revival 4, Democrats 2, Social Democrats 2, Civil Congress 2, Conservative Republicans 1, Party of Economic Revival of Crimea 1, Christian Democrats 1, independents 225; note - 405 deputies have been elected; run-off elections for the remaining 45 seats to be held by December 1998" );; line 115787 (wfb::source-text judicial_branch ukraine "joint commission formed in April 1995 to define a program of judicial reform by year-end" );; line 115799 (wfb::source-text political_parties_and_leaders ukraine "Green Party of Ukraine, Vitaliy KONONOV, leader; Liberal Party of Ukraine; Liberal Democratic Party of Ukraine, Volodymyr KLYMCHUK, chairman; Democratic Party of Ukraine, Volodymyr Oleksandrovych YAVORIVSKIY, chairman; People's Party of Ukraine, Leopol'd TABURYANSKYY, chairman; Peasants' Party of Ukraine, Serhiy DOVHRAN', chairman; Party of Democratic Rebirth (Revival) of Ukraine, Volodymyr FILENKO, chairman; Social Democratic Party of Ukraine, Yuriy VUZDUHAN, chairman; Socialist Party of Ukraine, Oleksandr MOROZ, chairman; Ukrainian Christian Democratic Party, Vitaliy ZHURAVSKYY, chairman; Ukrainian Conservative Republican Party, Stepan KHMARA, chairman; Ukrainian Labor Party, Valentyn LANDYK, chairman; Ukrainian Party of Justice, Mykhaylo HRECHKO, chairman; Ukrainian Peasants' Democratic Party, Serhiy PLACHINDA, chairman; Ukrainian Republican Party, Mykhaylo HORYN', chairman; Ukrainian National Conservative Party, Viktor RADIONOV, chairman; Ukrainian People's Movement for Restructuring (Rukh), Vyacheslav CHORNOVIL, chairman; Ukrainian Communist Party, Petr SYMONENKO; Agrarian Party; Congress of Ukrainian Nationalists, S. STESTKO; Civil Congress, O. BAZYLUK; Party of Economic Revival of Crimea; Democratic Party Of Ukraine, Serhiy DOVMAN', chairman" );; line 115804 (wfb::source-text other_political_or_pressure_groups ukraine "New Ukraine (Nova Ukrayina); Congress of National Democratic Forces" );; line 115824 (wfb::source-text member_of ukraine "BSEC, CCC, CE (guest), CEI (associate members), CIS, EBRD, ECE, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IFC, ILO, IMF, IMO, INMARSAT, INTELSAT (nonsignatory user), INTERPOL, IOC, IOM (observer), ISO, ITU, NACC, OSCE, PCA, PFP, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNPROFOR, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO" );; line 115829 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us ukraine chief_of_mission "Ambassador Yuriy SHCHERBAK" );; line 115837 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us ukraine chancery "3350 M Street NW, Washington, DC 20007" );; line 115839 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us ukraine telephone "[1] (202) 333-0606" );; line 115841 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us ukraine fax "[1] (202) 333-0817" );; line 115843 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us ukraine |consulate(s) general| "Chicago and New York" );; line 115845 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation ukraine chief_of_mission "Ambassador William Green MILLER" );; line 115850 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation ukraine embassy "10 Yuria Kotsyubinskovo, 252053 Kiev 53" );; line 115852 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation ukraine mailing_address "use embassy street address" );; line 115854 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation ukraine telephone "[7] (044) 244-73-49, 244-37-45" );; line 115856 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation ukraine fax "[7] (044) 244-73-50" );; line 115858 (wfb::source-text flag ukraine "two equal horizontal bands of azure (top) and golden yellow represent grainfields under a blue sky" );; line 115862 (wfb::source-text overview ukraine "After Russia, the Ukrainian republic was far and away the most important economic component of the former Soviet Union, producing more than three times the output of the next-ranking republic. Its fertile black soil generated more than one-fourth of Soviet agricultural output, and its farms provided substantial quantities of meat, milk, grain, and vegetables to other republics. Likewise, its diversified heavy industry supplied equipment and raw materials to industrial and mining sites in other regions of the former USSR. In early 1992, the Ukrainian government liberalized most prices and erected a legal framework for privatization, but widespread resistance to reform within the government and the legislature soon stalled reform efforts and led to some backtracking. Loose monetary and fiscal policies pushed inflation to hyperinflationary levels in late 1993. Greater monetary and fiscal restraint lowered inflation in 1994, but also contributed to an accelerated decline in industrial output. Since his election in July 1994, President KUCHMA has developed - and parliament has approved - a comprehensive economic reform program, maintained financial discipline, and reduced state controls over prices, the exchange rate, and foreign trade. Implementation of KUCHMA's economic agenda will encounter considerable resistance from parliament, entrenched bureaucrats, and industrial interests and will contribute to further declines in output and rising unemployment which will sorely test the government's ability to stay the course on reform in 1995." );; line 115868 (wfb::source-text national_product ukraine "GDP - purchasing power parity - $189.2 billion (1994 estimate as extrapolated from World Bank estimate for 1992)" );; line 115892 (wfb::source-text national_product_real_growth_rate ukraine "-19% (1994 est.)" );; line 115897 (wfb::source-text national_product_per_capita ukraine "$3,650 (1994 est.)" );; line 115901 (wfb::source-text |Inflation rate (consumer prices)| ukraine "14% per month (1994)" );; line 115905 (wfb::source-text unemployment_rate ukraine "0.4% officially registered; large number of unregistered or underemployed workers" );; line 115909 (wfb::source-text budget ukraine revenues "$NA" );; line 115915 (wfb::source-text budget ukraine expenditures "$NA, including capital expenditures of $NA" );; line 115917 (wfb::source-text exports ukraine "$11.8 billion (1994)" );; line 115921 (wfb::source-text exports ukraine commodities "coal, electric power, ferrous and nonferrous metals, chemicals, machinery and transport equipment, grain, meat" );; line 115923 (wfb::source-text exports ukraine partners "FSU countries, China, Italy, Switzerland" );; line 115926 (wfb::source-text imports ukraine "$14.2 billion (1994)" );; line 115930 (wfb::source-text imports ukraine commodities "energy, machinery and parts, transportation equipment, chemicals, textiles" );; line 115932 (wfb::source-text imports ukraine partners "FSU countries, Germany, Poland, Czech Republic" );; line 115935 (wfb::source-text external_debt ukraine "$7.5 billion (yearend 1994)" );; line 115939 (wfb::source-text industrial_production ukraine "growth rate -28% (1994 est.); accounts for 50% of GDP" );; line 115943 (wfb::source-text electricity ukraine capacity "54,380,000 kW" );; line 115948 (wfb::source-text electricity ukraine production "182 billion kWh" );; line 115950 (wfb::source-text electricity ukraine consumption_per_capita "3,200 kWh (1994)" );; line 115952 (wfb::source-text industry ukraine "coal, electric power, ferrous and nonferrous metals, machinery and transport equipment, chemicals, food-processing (especially sugar)" );; line 115956 (wfb::source-text agriculture ukraine "accounts for about 25% of GDP; grain, vegetables, meat, milk, sugar beets" );; line 115961 (wfb::source-text illicit_drugs ukraine "illicit cultivator of cannabis and opium poppy; mostly for CIS consumption; limited government eradication program; used as transshipment point for illicit drugs to Western Europe" );; line 115966 (wfb::source-text economic_aid ukraine "$550 million economic aid and $350 million to help disassemble the atomic weapons from the US in 1994" );; line 115972 (wfb::source-text currency ukraine "Ukraine withdrew the Russian ruble from circulation on 12 November 1992 and declared the karbovanets (plural karbovantsi) sole legal tender in Ukrainian markets; Ukrainian officials claim this is an interim move toward introducing a new currency - the hryvnya - possibly in mid-1995" );; line 115977 (wfb::source-text exchange_rates ukraine "karbovantsi per 1$US - 107,900 (end December 1994), 130,000 (April 1994)" );; line 115984 (wfb::source-text fiscal_year ukraine "calendar year" );; line 115989 (wfb::source-text railroads ukraine total "23,350 km" );; line 115995 (wfb::source-text railroads ukraine broad_gauge "23,350 km 1.524-m gauge (8,600 km electrified)" );; line 115997 (wfb::source-text highways ukraine total "273,700 km" );; line 116002 (wfb::source-text highways ukraine paved_and_graveled "236,400 km" );; line 116004 (wfb::source-text highways ukraine unpaved "earth 37,300 km" );; line 116006 (wfb::source-text inland_waterways ukraine "1,672 km perennially navigable (Pryp''yat' and Dnipro Rivers)" );; line 116010 (wfb::source-text pipelines ukraine "crude oil 2,010 km; petroleum products 1,920 km; natural gas 7,800 km (1992)" );; line 116014 (wfb::source-text port ukraine "Berdyans'k, Illichivs'k, Izmayil, Kerch, Kherson, Kiev (Kyyiv), Mariupol', Mykolayiv, Odesa, Pivdenne, Reni" );; line 116019 (wfb::source-text merchant_marine ukraine total "379 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 3,799,253 GRT/5,071,175 DWT" );; line 116025 (wfb::source-text merchant_marine ukraine ships_by_type "barge carrier 7, bulk 55, cargo 221, chemical tanker 2, container 20, multifunction large-load carrier 1, oil tanker 10, passenger 12, passenger-cargo 5, railcar carrier 2, refrigerated cargo 5, roll-on/roll-off cargo 32, short-sea passenger 7" );; line 116028 (wfb::source-text airports ukraine total "706" );; line 116036 (wfb::source-text airports ukraine |with paved runways over 3,047 m| "14" );; line 116038 (wfb::source-text airports ukraine |with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m| "55" );; line 116040 (wfb::source-text airports ukraine |with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m| "34" );; line 116042 (wfb::source-text airports ukraine |with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m| "3" );; line 116044 (wfb::source-text airports ukraine with_paved_runways_under_914_m "57" );; line 116046 (wfb::source-text airports ukraine |with unpaved runways over 3,047 m| "7" );; line 116048 (wfb::source-text airports ukraine |with unpaved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m| "7" );; line 116050 (wfb::source-text airports ukraine |with unpaved runways 1,524 to 2,438 m| "16" );; line 116052 (wfb::source-text airports ukraine |with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m| "37" );; line 116054 (wfb::source-text airports ukraine with_unpaved_runways_under_914_m "476" );; line 116056 (wfb::source-text telephone_system ukraine "7,886,000 telephone circuits; about 151.4 telephone circuits/1,000 persons (1991); the telephone system is inadequate both for business and for personal use; 3.56 million applications for telephones had not been satisfied as of January 1991; electronic mail services have been established in Kiev, Odesa, and Luhans'k by Sprint" );; line 116061 (wfb::source-text telephone_system ukraine local "an NMT-450 analog cellular telephone network operates in Kiev (Kyyiv) and allows direct dialing of international calls through Kiev's EWSD digital exchange" );; line 116067 (wfb::source-text telephone_system ukraine intercity "NA" );; line 116071 (wfb::source-text telephone_system ukraine international "calls to other CIS countries are carried by land line or microwave; other international calls to 167 countries are carried by satellite or by the 150 leased lines through the Moscow gateway switch; INTELSAT, INMARSAT, and Intersputnik earth stations" );; line 116073 (wfb::source-text radio ukraine broadcast_stations "AM NA, FM NA, shortwave NA" );; line 116081 (wfb::source-text radio ukraine radios "15 million" );; line 116083 (wfb::source-text television ukraine broadcast_stations "NA" );; line 116088 (wfb::source-text television ukraine televisions "20 million" );; line 116090 (wfb::source-text defense_branch ukraine "Army, Navy, Air and Air Defense Forces, Republic Security Forces (internal and border troops), National Guard" );; line 116096 (wfb::source-text manpower_availability ukraine "males age 15-49 12,324,832; males fit for military service 9,667,642; males reach military age (18) annually 359,546 (1995 est.)" );; line 116101 (wfb::source-text defense_expenditures ukraine "544.3 billion karbovantsi, less than 4% of GDP (forecast for 1993); note - conversion of defense expenditures into US dollars using the current exchange rate could produce misleading results" );; line 116106 (wfb::source-text location united_arab_emirates "Middle East, bordering the Gulf of Oman and the Persian Gulf, between Oman and Saudi Arabia" );; line 116118 (wfb::source-text map_references united_arab_emirates "Middle East" );; line 116123 (wfb::source-text area united_arab_emirates total_area "75,581 sq km" );; line 116128 (wfb::source-text area united_arab_emirates land_area "75,581 sq km" );; line 116130 (wfb::source-text area united_arab_emirates comparative_area "slightly smaller than Maine" );; line 116132 (wfb::source-text borders united_arab_emirates "total 867 km, Oman 410 km, Saudi Arabia 457 km" );; line 116136 (wfb::source-text coastline united_arab_emirates "1,318 km" );; line 116140 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims united_arab_emirates contiguous_zone "24 nm" );; line 116145 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims united_arab_emirates continental_shelf "200 nm or to the edge of the continental margin" );; line 116147 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims united_arab_emirates exclusive_economic_zone "200 nm" );; line 116149 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims united_arab_emirates territorial_sea "12 nm" );; line 116151 (wfb::source-text international_disputes united_arab_emirates "location and status of boundary with Saudi Arabia is not final; no defined boundary with most of Oman, but Administrative Line in far north; claims two islands in the Persian Gulf occupied by Iran (Jazireh-ye Tonb-e Bozorg or Greater Tunb, and Jazireh-ye Tonb-e Kuchek or Lesser Tunb); claims island in the Persian Gulf jointly administered with Iran (Jazireh-ye Abu Musa or Abu Musa); in 1992, the dispute over Abu Musa and the Tunb islands became more acute when Iran unilaterally tried to control the entry of third country nationals into the UAE portion of Abu Musa island, Tehran subsequently backed off in the face of significant diplomatic support for the UAE in the region" );; line 116155 (wfb::source-text climate united_arab_emirates "desert; cooler in eastern mountains" );; line 116168 (wfb::source-text terrain united_arab_emirates "flat, barren coastal plain merging into rolling sand dunes of vast desert wasteland; mountains in east" );; line 116172 (wfb::source-text natural-resource united_arab_emirates "petroleum, natural gas" );; line 116177 (wfb::source-text land_use united_arab_emirates arable_land "0%" );; line 116182 (wfb::source-text land_use united_arab_emirates permanent_crops "0%" );; line 116184 (wfb::source-text land_use united_arab_emirates meadows_and_pastures "2%" );; line 116186 (wfb::source-text land_use united_arab_emirates forest_and_woodland "0%" );; line 116188 (wfb::source-text land_use united_arab_emirates other "98%" );; line 116190 (wfb::source-text irrigated_land united_arab_emirates "50 sq km (1989 est.)" );; line 116194 (wfb::source-text environment united_arab_emirates current_issues "lack of natural freshwater resources being overcome by desalination plants; desertification; beach pollution from oil spills" );; line 116199 (wfb::source-text environment united_arab_emirates natural_hazards "frequent sand and dust storms" );; line 116202 (wfb::source-text environment united_arab_emirates international_agreements "party to - Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection; signed, but not ratified - Biodiversity, Law of the Sea" );; line 116204 (wfb::source-text note united_arab_emirates "strategic location along southern approaches to Strait of Hormuz, a vital transit point for world crude oil" );; line 116210 (wfb::source-text population united_arab_emirates "2,924,594 (July 1995 est.)" );; line 116217 (wfb::source-text age_structure united_arab_emirates 0-14_years "35% (female 499,559; male 521,415)" );; line 116222 (wfb::source-text age_structure united_arab_emirates 15-64_years "64% (female 643,819; male 1,229,730)" );; line 116224 (wfb::source-text age_structure united_arab_emirates 65_years_and_over "1% (female 10,296; male 19,775) (July 1995 est.)" );; line 116226 (wfb::source-text population_growth_rate united_arab_emirates "4.55% (1995 est.)" );; line 116230 (wfb::source-text birth_rate united_arab_emirates "27.02 births/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 116234 (wfb::source-text death_rate united_arab_emirates "3.03 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 116238 (wfb::source-text net_migration_rate united_arab_emirates "21.53 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 116242 (wfb::source-text infant_mortality_rate united_arab_emirates "21 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.)" );; line 116246 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth united_arab_emirates total_population "72.51 years" );; line 116251 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth united_arab_emirates male "70.42 years" );; line 116253 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth united_arab_emirates female "74.71 years (1995 est.)" );; line 116255 (wfb::source-text total_fertility_rate united_arab_emirates "4.53 children born/woman (1995 est.)" );; line 116259 (wfb::source-text nationality united_arab_emirates noun "Emirian(s)" );; line 116264 (wfb::source-text nationality united_arab_emirates adjective "Emirian" );; line 116266 (wfb::source-text ethnic-entity united_arab_emirates "Emirian 19%, other Arab 23%, South Asian 50%, other expatriates (includes Westerners and East Asians) 8% (1982)" );; line 116270 (wfb::source-text religion united_arab_emirates "Muslim 96% (Shi'a 16%), Christian, Hindu, and other 4%" );; line 116277 (wfb::source-text language united_arab_emirates "Arabic (official), Persian, English, Hindi, Urdu" );; line 116281 (wfb::source-text literacy united_arab_emirates "age 15 and over can read and write but definition of literary not available (1985)" );; line 116285 (wfb::source-text literacy united_arab_emirates total_population "71%" );; line 116288 (wfb::source-text literacy united_arab_emirates male "72%" );; line 116290 (wfb::source-text literacy united_arab_emirates female "69%" );; line 116292 (wfb::source-text total_labor_force united_arab_emirates "580,000 (1986 est.)" );; line 116296 (wfb::source-text labor_force_by_occupation united_arab_emirates by_occupation "industry and commerce 85%, agriculture 5%, services 5%, government 5%" );; line 116298 (wfb::source-text names united_arab_emirates conventional_long_form "United Arab Emirates" );; line 116307 (wfb::source-text names united_arab_emirates conventional_short_form "none" );; line 116309 (wfb::source-text names united_arab_emirates local_long_form "Al Imarata al Arabiyah al Muttahidah" );; line 116311 (wfb::source-text names united_arab_emirates local_short_form "none" );; line 116313 (wfb::source-text names united_arab_emirates former "Trucial States" );; line 116315 (wfb::source-text abbreviation united_arab_emirates "UAE" );; line 116319 (wfb::source-text digraph united_arab_emirates "TC" );; line 116323 (wfb::source-text type united_arab_emirates "federation with specified powers delegated to the UAE central government and other powers reserved to member emirates" );; line 116327 (wfb::source-text capital united_arab_emirates "Abu Dhabi" );; line 116332 (wfb::source-text administrative_divisions united_arab_emirates "7 emirates (imarat, singular - imarah); Abu Zaby (Abu Dhabi), 'Ajman, Al Fujayrah, Dubai, Ra's al Khaymah, Sharjah, Umm al Qaywayn" );; line 116336 (wfb::source-text independence united_arab_emirates "2 December 1971 (from UK)" );; line 116341 (wfb::source-text national_holiday united_arab_emirates "National Day, 2 December (1971)" );; line 116345 (wfb::source-text constitution united_arab_emirates "2 December 1971 (provisional)" );; line 116349 (wfb::source-text legal_system united_arab_emirates "secular codes are being introduced by the UAE Government and in several member emirates; Islamic law remains influential" );; line 116353 (wfb::source-text suffrage united_arab_emirates "none" );; line 116358 (wfb::source-text executive_branch united_arab_emirates chief_of_state "President ZAYID bin Sultan Al Nuhayyan (since 2 December 1971), ruler of Abu Dhabi; Vice President Shaykh MAKTUM bin Rashid al-Maktum (since 8 October 1990), ruler of Dubayy" );; line 116363 (wfb::source-text executive_branch united_arab_emirates head_of_government "Prime Minister Shaykh MAKTUM bin Rashid al-Maktum (since 8 October 1990), ruler of Dubayy; Deputy Prime Minister SULTAN bin Zayid Al Nuhayyan (since 20 November 1990)" );; line 116367 (wfb::source-text executive_branch united_arab_emirates supreme_council_of_rulers "composed of the seven emirate rulers, the council is the highest constitutional authority in the UAE; establishes general policies and sanctions federal legislation, Abu Dhabi and Dubayy rulers have veto power; council meets four times a year" );; line 116371 (wfb::source-text executive_branch united_arab_emirates cabinet "Council of Ministers; appointed by the president" );; line 116376 (wfb::source-text legislative_structure united_arab_emirates "unicameral Federal National Council (Majlis Watani Itihad); no elections" );; line 116380 (wfb::source-text judicial_branch united_arab_emirates "Union Supreme Court" );; line 116385 (wfb::source-text political_parties_and_leaders united_arab_emirates "none" );; line 116389 (wfb::source-text other_political_or_pressure_groups united_arab_emirates "NA" );; line 116393 (wfb::source-text member_of united_arab_emirates "ABEDA, AFESD, AL, AMF, CAEU, CCC, ESCWA, FAO, G-77, GATT, GCC, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, INMARSAT, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, ISO (correspondent), ITU, NAM, OAPEC, OIC, OPEC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO" );; line 116397 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us united_arab_emirates chief_of_mission "Ambassador Muhammad bin Husayn al-SHAALI" );; line 116405 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us united_arab_emirates chancery "Suite 600, 3000 K Street NW, Washington, DC 20007" );; line 116407 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us united_arab_emirates telephone "[1] (202) 338-6500" );; line 116409 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation united_arab_emirates chief_of_mission "Ambassador William A. RUGH" );; line 116414 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation united_arab_emirates embassy "Al-Sudan Street, Abu Dhabi" );; line 116416 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation united_arab_emirates mailing_address "P. O. Box 4009, Abu Dhabi; American Embassy Abu Dhabi, Department of State, Washington, DC 20521-6010 (pouch)" );; line 116418 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation united_arab_emirates telephone "[971] (2) 436691, 436692" );; line 116421 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation united_arab_emirates fax "[971] (2) 434771" );; line 116423 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation united_arab_emirates |consulate(s) general| "Dubayy (Dubai)" );; line 116425 (wfb::source-text flag united_arab_emirates "three equal horizontal bands of green (top), white, and black with a thicker vertical red band on the hoist side" );; line 116429 (wfb::source-text overview united_arab_emirates "The UAE has an open economy with one of the world's highest incomes per capita and with a sizable annual trade surplus. Its wealth is based on oil and gas output (about 40% of GDP), and the fortunes of the economy fluctuate with the prices of those commodities. Since 1973, the UAE has undergone a profound transformation from an impoverished region of small desert principalities to a modern state with a high standard of living. At present levels of production, crude oil reserves should last for over 100 years. Although much stronger economically than most Gulf states, the UAE faces similar problems with weak international oil prices and the pressures for cuts in OPEC oil production quotas. The UAE government is encouraging increased privatization within the economy." );; line 116435 (wfb::source-text national_product united_arab_emirates "GDP - purchasing power parity - $62.7 billion (1994 est.)" );; line 116449 (wfb::source-text national_product_real_growth_rate united_arab_emirates "-0.5% (1994 est.)" );; line 116453 (wfb::source-text national_product_per_capita united_arab_emirates "$22,480 (1994 est.)" );; line 116457 (wfb::source-text |Inflation rate (consumer prices)| united_arab_emirates "5.1% (1994 est.)" );; line 116461 (wfb::source-text unemployment_rate united_arab_emirates "NEGL% (1988)" );; line 116465 (wfb::source-text budget united_arab_emirates revenues "$4.3 billion" );; line 116470 (wfb::source-text budget united_arab_emirates expenditures "$4.8 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA (1993 est)" );; line 116472 (wfb::source-text exports united_arab_emirates "$24 billion (f.o.b., 1994 est.)" );; line 116476 (wfb::source-text exports united_arab_emirates commodities "crude oil 66%, natural gas, re-exports, dried fish, dates" );; line 116478 (wfb::source-text exports united_arab_emirates partners "Japan 35%, South Korea 5%, Iran 4%, Oman 4%, Singapore 4% (1993)" );; line 116480 (wfb::source-text imports united_arab_emirates "$20 billion (f.o.b., 1994)" );; line 116484 (wfb::source-text imports united_arab_emirates commodities "manufactured goods, machinery and transport equipment, food" );; line 116486 (wfb::source-text imports united_arab_emirates partners "Japan 12%, UK 10%, US 9%, Germany 7%, South Korea 5% (1993)" );; line 116488 (wfb::source-text external_debt united_arab_emirates "$11.6 billion (1994 est.)" );; line 116492 (wfb::source-text industrial_production united_arab_emirates "growth rate 1.7% (1992 est.); accounts for 50% of GDP, including petroleum" );; line 116496 (wfb::source-text electricity united_arab_emirates capacity "4,760,000 kW" );; line 116502 (wfb::source-text electricity united_arab_emirates production "16.5 billion kWh" );; line 116504 (wfb::source-text electricity united_arab_emirates consumption_per_capita "5,796 kWh (1993)" );; line 116506 (wfb::source-text industry united_arab_emirates "petroleum, fishing, petrochemicals, construction materials, some boat building, handicrafts, pearling" );; line 116510 (wfb::source-text agriculture united_arab_emirates "accounts for 2% of GDP and 5% of labor force; cash crop - dates; food products - vegetables, watermelons, poultry, eggs, dairy, fish; only 25% self-sufficient in food" );; line 116515 (wfb::source-text illicit_drugs united_arab_emirates "growing role as heroin transshipment and money-laundering center" );; line 116521 (wfb::source-text economic_aid united_arab_emirates donor "pledged in bilateral aid to less developed countries (1979-89) $9.1 billion" );; line 116526 (wfb::source-text currency united_arab_emirates "1 Emirian dirham (Dh) = 100 fils" );; line 116531 (wfb::source-text exchange_rates united_arab_emirates "Emirian dirhams (Dh) per US$1 - 3.6710 (fixed rate)" );; line 116535 (wfb::source-text fiscal_year united_arab_emirates "calendar year" );; line 116539 (wfb::source-text railroads united_arab_emirates "0 km" );; line 116544 (wfb::source-text highways united_arab_emirates total "2,000 km" );; line 116549 (wfb::source-text highways united_arab_emirates paved "1,800 km" );; line 116551 (wfb::source-text highways united_arab_emirates unpaved "gravel, graded earth 200 km" );; line 116553 (wfb::source-text pipelines united_arab_emirates "crude oil 830 km; natural gas, including natural gas liquids, 870 km" );; line 116557 (wfb::source-text port united_arab_emirates "Ajman, Al Fujayrah, Das Island, Khawr Fakkan, Mina' Jabal' Ali, Mina' Khalid, Mina' Rashid, Mina' Saqr, Mina' Zayid, Umm al Qiwain" );; line 116562 (wfb::source-text merchant_marine united_arab_emirates total "57 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 1,128,253 GRT/1,938,770 DWT" );; line 116568 (wfb::source-text merchant_marine united_arab_emirates ships_by_type "bulk 1, cargo 18, chemical tanker 1, container 10, liquefied gas tanker 1, livestock carrier 1, oil tanker 21, refrigerated cargo 1, roll-on/roll-off cargo 3" );; line 116570 (wfb::source-text airports united_arab_emirates total "41" );; line 116577 (wfb::source-text airports united_arab_emirates |with paved runways over 3,047 m| "9" );; line 116579 (wfb::source-text airports united_arab_emirates |with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m| "3" );; line 116581 (wfb::source-text airports united_arab_emirates |with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m| "2" );; line 116583 (wfb::source-text airports united_arab_emirates |with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m| "3" );; line 116585 (wfb::source-text airports united_arab_emirates with_paved_runways_under_914_m "12" );; line 116587 (wfb::source-text airports united_arab_emirates |with unpaved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m| "1" );; line 116589 (wfb::source-text airports united_arab_emirates |with unpaved runways 1,524 to 2,438 m| "3" );; line 116591 (wfb::source-text airports united_arab_emirates |with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m| "8" );; line 116593 (wfb::source-text telephone_system united_arab_emirates "386,600 telephones; modern system consisting of microwave and coaxial cable; key centers are Abu Dhabi and Dubayy" );; line 116598 (wfb::source-text telephone_system united_arab_emirates local "NA" );; line 116601 (wfb::source-text telephone_system united_arab_emirates intercity "microwave and coaxial cable" );; line 116603 (wfb::source-text telephone_system united_arab_emirates international "3 INTELSAT (1 Atlantic Ocean and 2 Indian Ocean) and 1 ARABSAT earth station; submarine cables to Qatar, Bahrain, India, and Pakistan; tropospheric scatter to Bahrain; microwave radio relay to Saudi Arabia" );; line 116605 (wfb::source-text radio united_arab_emirates broadcast_stations "AM 8, FM 3, shortwave 0" );; line 116612 (wfb::source-text radio united_arab_emirates radios "NA" );; line 116614 (wfb::source-text television united_arab_emirates broadcast_stations "12" );; line 116619 (wfb::source-text television united_arab_emirates televisions "NA" );; line 116621 (wfb::source-text defense_branch united_arab_emirates "Army, Navy, Air Force, paramilitary (includes Federal Police Force)" );; line 116627 (wfb::source-text manpower_availability united_arab_emirates "males age 15-49 1,072,261; males fit for military service 583,967; males reach military age (18) annually 19,266 (1995 est.)" );; line 116632 (wfb::source-text defense_expenditures united_arab_emirates "exchange rate conversion - $1.59 billion, 4.3% of GDP (1994)" );; line 116637 (wfb::source-text location united_kingdom "Western Europe, islands including the northern one-sixth of the island of Ireland between the North Atlantic Ocean and the North Sea, northwest of France" );; line 116647 (wfb::source-text map_references united_kingdom "Europe" );; line 116653 (wfb::source-text area united_kingdom total_area "244,820 sq km" );; line 116658 (wfb::source-text area united_kingdom land_area "241,590 sq km" );; line 116660 (wfb::source-text area united_kingdom comparative_area "slightly smaller than Oregon" );; line 116662 (wfb::source-text borders united_kingdom "total 360 km, Ireland 360 km" );; line 116668 (wfb::source-text coastline united_kingdom "12,429 km" );; line 116672 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims united_kingdom continental_shelf "as defined in continental shelf orders or in accordance with agreed upon boundaries" );; line 116677 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims united_kingdom exclusive_fishing_zone "200 nm" );; line 116680 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims united_kingdom territorial_sea "12 nm" );; line 116682 (wfb::source-text international_disputes united_kingdom "Northern Ireland question with Ireland; Gibraltar question with Spain; Argentina claims Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas); Argentina claims South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands; Mauritius claims island of Diego Garcia in British Indian Ocean Territory; Rockall continental shelf dispute involving Denmark, Iceland, and Ireland (Ireland and the UK have signed a boundary agreement in the Rockall area); territorial claim in Antarctica (British Antarctic Territory)" );; line 116686 (wfb::source-text climate united_kingdom "temperate; moderated by prevailing southwest winds over the North Atlantic Current; more than half of the days are overcast" );; line 116696 (wfb::source-text terrain united_kingdom "mostly rugged hills and low mountains; level to rolling plains in east and southeast" );; line 116701 (wfb::source-text natural-resource united_kingdom "coal, petroleum, natural gas, tin, limestone, iron ore, salt, clay, chalk, gypsum, lead, silica" );; line 116706 (wfb::source-text land_use united_kingdom arable_land "29%" );; line 116712 (wfb::source-text land_use united_kingdom permanent_crops "0%" );; line 116714 (wfb::source-text land_use united_kingdom meadows_and_pastures "48%" );; line 116716 (wfb::source-text land_use united_kingdom forest_and_woodland "9%" );; line 116718 (wfb::source-text land_use united_kingdom other "14%" );; line 116720 (wfb::source-text irrigated_land united_kingdom "1,570 sq km (1989)" );; line 116724 (wfb::source-text environment united_kingdom current_issues "sulfur dioxide emissions from power plants contribute to air pollution; some rivers polluted by agricultural wastes and coastal waters polluted because of large-scale disposal of sewage at sea" );; line 116729 (wfb::source-text environment united_kingdom natural_hazards "NA" );; line 116733 (wfb::source-text environment united_kingdom international_agreements "party to - Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Wetlands, Whaling; signed, but not ratified - Air Pollution-Sulphur 94, Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Desertification" );; line 116735 (wfb::source-text note united_kingdom "lies near vital North Atlantic sea lanes; only 35 km from France and now linked by tunnel under the English Channel; because of heavily indented coastline, no location is more than 125 km from tidal waters" );; line 116744 (wfb::source-text population united_kingdom "58,295,119 (July 1995 est.)" );; line 116752 (wfb::source-text age_structure united_kingdom 0-14_years "19% (female 5,572,189; male 5,843,192)" );; line 116757 (wfb::source-text age_structure united_kingdom 15-64_years "65% (female 18,723,583; male 18,935,931)" );; line 116759 (wfb::source-text age_structure united_kingdom 65_years_and_over "16% (female 5,471,383; male 3,748,841) (July 1995 est.)" );; line 116761 (wfb::source-text population_growth_rate united_kingdom "0.27% (1995 est.)" );; line 116765 (wfb::source-text birth_rate united_kingdom "13.18 births/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 116769 (wfb::source-text death_rate united_kingdom "10.66 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 116773 (wfb::source-text net_migration_rate united_kingdom "0.17 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 116777 (wfb::source-text infant_mortality_rate united_kingdom "7 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.)" );; line 116781 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth united_kingdom total_population "77 years" );; line 116786 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth united_kingdom male "74.18 years" );; line 116788 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth united_kingdom female "79.95 years (1995 est.)" );; line 116790 (wfb::source-text total_fertility_rate united_kingdom "1.82 children born/woman (1995 est.)" );; line 116794 (wfb::source-text nationality united_kingdom noun "Briton(s), British (collective plural)" );; line 116799 (wfb::source-text nationality united_kingdom adjective "British" );; line 116801 (wfb::source-text ethnic-entity united_kingdom "English 81.5%, Scottish 9.6%, Irish 2.4%, Welsh 1.9%, Ulster 1.8%, West Indian, Indian, Pakistani, and other 2.8%" );; line 116805 (wfb::source-text religion united_kingdom "Anglican 27 million, Roman Catholic 9 million, Muslim 1 million, Presbyterian 800,000, Methodist 760,000, Sikh 400,000, Hindu 350,000, Jewish 300,000 (1991 est.)" );; line 116810 (wfb::source-text language united_kingdom "English, Welsh (about 26% of the population of Wales), Scottish form of Gaelic (about 60,000 in Scotland)" );; line 116818 (wfb::source-text literacy united_kingdom "age 15 and over can read and write (1991 est.)" );; line 116823 (wfb::source-text literacy united_kingdom total_population "99%" );; line 116825 (wfb::source-text total_labor_force united_kingdom "28.048 million" );; line 116829 (wfb::source-text labor_force_by_occupation united_kingdom by_occupation "services 62.8%, manufacturing and construction 25.0%, government 9.1%, energy 1.9%, agriculture 1.2% (June 1992)" );; line 116831 (wfb::source-text names united_kingdom conventional_long_form "United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland" );; line 116838 (wfb::source-text names united_kingdom conventional_short_form "United Kingdom" );; line 116840 (wfb::source-text abbreviation united_kingdom "UK" );; line 116844 (wfb::source-text digraph united_kingdom "UK" );; line 116848 (wfb::source-text type united_kingdom "constitutional monarchy" );; line 116852 (wfb::source-text capital united_kingdom "London" );; line 116856 (wfb::source-text administrative_divisions united_kingdom "47 counties, 7 metropolitan counties, 26 districts, 9 regions, and 3 islands areas" );; line 116860 (wfb::source-text administrative_divisions united_kingdom england "39 counties, 7 metropolitan counties*; Avon, Bedford, Berkshire, Buckingham, Cambridge, Cheshire, Cleveland, Cornwall, Cumbria, Derby, Devon, Dorset, Durham, East Sussex, Essex, Gloucester, Greater London*, Greater Manchester*, Hampshire, Hereford and Worcester, Hertford, Humberside, Isle of Wight, Kent, Lancashire, Leicester, Lincoln, Merseyside*, Norfolk, Northampton, Northumberland, North Yorkshire, Nottingham, Oxford, Shropshire, Somerset, South Yorkshire*, Stafford, Suffolk, Surrey, Tyne and Wear*, Warwick, West Midlands*, West Sussex, West Yorkshire*, Wiltshire" );; line 116863 (wfb::source-text administrative_divisions united_kingdom northern_ireland "26 districts; Antrim, Ards, Armagh, Ballymena, Ballymoney, Banbridge, Belfast, Carrickfergus, Castlereagh, Coleraine, Cookstown, Craigavon, Down, Dungannon, Fermanagh, Larne, Limavady, Lisburn, Londonderry, Magherafelt, Moyle, Newry and Mourne, Newtownabbey, North Down, Omagh, Strabane" );; line 116872 (wfb::source-text administrative_divisions united_kingdom scotland "9 regions, 3 islands areas*; Borders, Central, Dumfries and Galloway, Fife, Grampian, Highland, Lothian, Orkney*, Shetland*, Strathclyde, Tayside, Western Isles*" );; line 116877 (wfb::source-text administrative_divisions united_kingdom wales "8 counties; Clwyd, Dyfed, Gwent, Gwynedd, Mid Glamorgan, Powys, South Glamorgan, West Glamorgan" );; line 116881 (wfb::source-text dependent_areas united_kingdom "Anguilla, Bermuda, British Indian Ocean Territory, British Virgin Islands, Cayman Islands, Falkland Islands, Gibraltar, Guernsey, Hong Kong (scheduled to become a Special Administrative Region of China on 1 July 1997), Jersey, Isle of Man, Montserrat, Pitcairn Islands, Saint Helena, South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands, Turks and Caicos Islands" );; line 116886 (wfb::source-text independence united_kingdom "1 January 1801 (United Kingdom established)" );; line 116894 (wfb::source-text national_holiday united_kingdom "Celebration of the Birthday of the Queen (second Saturday in June)" );; line 116898 (wfb::source-text constitution united_kingdom "unwritten; partly statutes, partly common law and practice" );; line 116903 (wfb::source-text legal_system united_kingdom "common law tradition with early Roman and modern continental influences; no judicial review of Acts of Parliament; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations" );; line 116907 (wfb::source-text suffrage united_kingdom "18 years of age; universal" );; line 116913 (wfb::source-text executive_branch united_kingdom chief_of_state "Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952); Heir Apparent Prince CHARLES (son of the Queen, born 14 November 1948)" );; line 116918 (wfb::source-text executive_branch united_kingdom head_of_government "Prime Minister John MAJOR (since 28 November 1990)" );; line 116921 (wfb::source-text executive_branch united_kingdom cabinet "Cabinet of Ministers" );; line 116923 (wfb::source-text legislative_structure united_kingdom "bicameral Parliament" );; line 116927 (wfb::source-text legislative_branch united_kingdom house_of_lords "consists of a 1,200-member body, four-fifths are hereditary peers, 2 archbishops, 24 other senior bishops, serving and retired Lords of Appeal in Ordinary, other life peers, Scottish peers" );; line 116929 (wfb::source-text legislative_branch united_kingdom house_of_commons "elections last held 9 April 1992 (next to be held by NA April 1997); results - Conservative 41.9%, Labor 34.5%, Liberal Democratic 17.9%, other 5.7%; seats - (651 total) Conservative 336, Labor 271, Liberal Democratic 20, other 24" );; line 116933 (wfb::source-text judicial_branch united_kingdom "House of Lords" );; line 116940 (wfb::source-text political_parties_and_leaders united_kingdom "Conservative and Unionist Party, John MAJOR; Labor Party, Anthony (Tony) Blair; Liberal Democrats (LD), Jeremy (Paddy) ASHDOWN; Scottish National Party, Alex SALMOND; Welsh National Party (Plaid Cymru), Dafydd Iwan WIGLEY; Ulster Unionist Party (Northern Ireland), James MOLYNEAUX; Democratic Unionist Party (Northern Ireland), Rev. Ian PAISLEY; Ulster Popular Unionist Party (Northern Ireland); Social Democratic and Labor Party (SDLP, Northern Ireland), John HUME; Sinn Fein (Northern Ireland), Gerry ADAMS" );; line 116944 (wfb::source-text other_political_or_pressure_groups united_kingdom "Trades Union Congress; Confederation of British Industry; National Farmers' Union; Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament" );; line 116954 (wfb::source-text member_of united_kingdom "AfDB, AG (observer), AsDB, Australia Group, BIS, C, CCC, CDB (non-regional), CE, CERN, EBRD, EC, ECA (associate), ECE, ECLAC, EIB, ESA, ESCAP, FAO, G- 5, G- 7, G-10, GATT, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, INMARSAT, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, IOM (observer), ISO, ITU, MTCR, NACC, NATO, NEA, NSG, OECD, OSCE, PCA, SPC, UN, UN Security Council, UNCTAD, UNFICYP, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIKOM, UNITAR, UNPROFOR, UNRWA, UNU, UPU, WCL, WEU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, ZC" );; line 116959 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us united_kingdom chief_of_mission "Ambassador Sir Robin William RENWICK" );; line 116970 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us united_kingdom chancery "3100 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008" );; line 116972 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us united_kingdom telephone "[1] (202) 462-1340" );; line 116974 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us united_kingdom fax "[1] (202) 898-4255" );; line 116976 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us united_kingdom |consulate(s) general| "Atlanta, Boston, Chicago, Cleveland, Houston, Los Angeles, New York, and San Francisco," );; line 116978 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us united_kingdom |consulate(s)| "Dallas, Miami, and Seattle" );; line 116981 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation united_kingdom chief_of_mission "Ambassador Adm. William W. CROWE" );; line 116986 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation united_kingdom embassy "24/31 Grosvenor Square, London, W. 1A1AE" );; line 116988 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation united_kingdom mailing_address "PSC 801, Box 40, FPO AE 09498-4040" );; line 116990 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation united_kingdom telephone "[44] (71) 499-9000" );; line 116992 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation united_kingdom fax "[44] (71) 409-1637" );; line 116994 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation united_kingdom |consulate(s) general| "Belfast, Edinburgh" );; line 116996 (wfb::source-text flag united_kingdom "blue with the red cross of Saint George (patron saint of England) edged in white superimposed on the diagonal red cross of Saint Patrick (patron saint of Ireland) which is superimposed on the diagonal white cross of Saint Andrew (patron saint of Scotland); known as the Union Flag or Union Jack; the design and colors (especially the Blue Ensign) have been the basis for a number of other flags including dependencies, Commonwealth countries, and others" );; line 117000 (wfb::source-text overview united_kingdom "The UK is one of the world's great trading powers and financial centers, and its economy ranks among the four largest in Western Europe. The economy is essentially capitalistic; over the past 13 years the ruling Tories have greatly reduced public ownership and contained the growth of social welfare programs. Agriculture is intensive, highly mechanized, and efficient by European standards, producing about 60% of food needs with only 1% of the labor force. The UK has large coal, natural gas, and oil reserves, and primary energy production accounts for 12% of GDP, one of the highest shares of any industrial nation. Services, particularly banking, insurance, and business services, account by far for the largest proportion of GDP while industry continues to decline in importance, now employing only 25% of the work force and generating only 21% of GDP. The economy registered 4.2% GDP growth in 1994, its fastest annual rate for six years. Exports and manufacturing output are the primary engines of growth. Unemployment is gradually falling. Inflation is at the lowest level in 27 years, but British monetary authorities raised interest rates to 6.25% in 1994 in a preemptive strike on emerging inflationary pressures such as higher taxes and rising manufacturing costs. The combination of a buoyant economy and fiscal tightening is projected to trim the FY94/95 budget shortfall to about $50 billion - down from about $75 billion in FY93/94. The major economic policy question for Britain in the 1990s is the terms on which it participates in the financial and economic integration of Europe." );; line 117011 (wfb::source-text national_product united_kingdom "GDP - purchasing power parity - $1.0452 trillion (1994 est.)" );; line 117036 (wfb::source-text national_product_real_growth_rate united_kingdom "4.2% (1994 est.)" );; line 117040 (wfb::source-text national_product_per_capita united_kingdom "$17,980 (1994 est.)" );; line 117044 (wfb::source-text |Inflation rate (consumer prices)| united_kingdom "2.4% (1994)" );; line 117048 (wfb::source-text unemployment_rate united_kingdom "9.3% (1994)" );; line 117052 (wfb::source-text budget united_kingdom revenues "$325.5 billion" );; line 117057 (wfb::source-text budget united_kingdom expenditures "$400.9 billion, including capital expenditures of $33 billion (FY93/94 est.)" );; line 117059 (wfb::source-text exports united_kingdom "$200 billion (f.o.b., 1994 est.)" );; line 117064 (wfb::source-text exports united_kingdom commodities "manufactured goods, machinery, fuels, chemicals, semifinished goods, transport equipment" );; line 117066 (wfb::source-text exports united_kingdom partners "EU countries 56.7% (Germany 14.0%, France 11.1%, Netherlands 7.9%), US 10.9%" );; line 117069 (wfb::source-text imports united_kingdom "$215 billion (c.i.f., 1994 est.)" );; line 117074 (wfb::source-text imports united_kingdom commodities "manufactured goods, machinery, semifinished goods, foodstuffs, consumer goods" );; line 117076 (wfb::source-text imports united_kingdom partners "EU countries 51.7% (Germany 14.9%, France 9.3%, Netherlands 8.4%), US 11.6%" );; line 117079 (wfb::source-text external_debt united_kingdom "$16.2 billion (June 1992)" );; line 117084 (wfb::source-text industrial_production united_kingdom "growth rate 5.6% (1994)" );; line 117088 (wfb::source-text electricity united_kingdom capacity "65,360,000 kW" );; line 117093 (wfb::source-text electricity united_kingdom production "303 billion kWh" );; line 117095 (wfb::source-text electricity united_kingdom consumption_per_capita "5,123 kWh (1993)" );; line 117097 (wfb::source-text industry united_kingdom "production machinery including machine tools, electric power equipment, automation equipment, railroad equipment, shipbuilding, aircraft, motor vehicles and parts, electronics and communications equipment, metals, chemicals, coal, petroleum, paper and paper products, food processing, textiles, clothing, and other consumer goods" );; line 117101 (wfb::source-text agriculture united_kingdom "accounts for only 1.5% of GDP; wide variety of crops and livestock products" );; line 117109 (wfb::source-text illicit_drugs united_kingdom "gateway country for Latin American cocaine entering the European market; producer of synthetic drugs; transshipment point for Southwest Asian heroin; money-laundering center" );; line 117114 (wfb::source-text economic_aid united_kingdom donor "ODA and OOF commitments (1992-93), $3.2 billion" );; line 117121 (wfb::source-text currency united_kingdom "1 British pound (#) = 100 pence" );; line 117125 (wfb::source-text exchange_rates united_kingdom "British pounds (#) per US$1 - 0.6350 (January 1995), 0.6529 (1994), 0.6033 (1993), 0.5664 (1992), 0.5652 (1991), 0.5603 (1990)" );; line 117129 (wfb::source-text fiscal_year united_kingdom "1 April - 31 March" );; line 117134 (wfb::source-text railroads united_kingdom total "16,888 km; note - several additional small standard-gauge and narrow-gauge lines are privately owned and operated" );; line 117140 (wfb::source-text railroads united_kingdom broad_gauge "330 km 1.600-m gauge (190 km double track)" );; line 117143 (wfb::source-text railroads united_kingdom standard_gauge "16,558 km 1.435-m gauge (4,950 km electrified; 12,591 km double or multiple track)" );; line 117145 (wfb::source-text highways united_kingdom total "360,047 km (includes Northern Ireland)" );; line 117151 (wfb::source-text highways united_kingdom paved "360,047 km (includes Northern Ireland; Great Britain has 3,100 km limited access divided highway)" );; line 117153 (wfb::source-text inland_waterways united_kingdom "2,291 total; British Waterways Board, 606 km; Port Authorities, 706 km; other, 979 km" );; line 117158 (wfb::source-text pipelines united_kingdom "crude oil (almost all insignificant) 933 km; petroleum products 2,993 km; natural gas 12,800 km" );; line 117163 (wfb::source-text port united_kingdom "Aberdeen, Belfast, Bristol, Cardiff, Grangemouth, Hull, Leith, Liverpool, London, Manchester, Medway, Sullom Voe, Tees, Tyne" );; line 117168 (wfb::source-text merchant_marine united_kingdom total "155 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 3,249,823 GRT/3,978,336 DWT" );; line 117174 (wfb::source-text merchant_marine united_kingdom ships_by_type "bulk 11, cargo 24, chemical tanker 2, container 23, liquefied gas tanker 3, oil tanker 56, passenger 7, passenger-cargo 1, refrigerated cargo 1, roll-on/roll-off cargo 13, short-sea passenger 13, specialized tanker 1" );; line 117177 (wfb::source-text airports united_kingdom total "505" );; line 117185 (wfb::source-text airports united_kingdom |with paved runways over 3,047 m| "10" );; line 117187 (wfb::source-text airports united_kingdom |with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m| "30" );; line 117189 (wfb::source-text airports united_kingdom |with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m| "174" );; line 117191 (wfb::source-text airports united_kingdom |with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m| "91" );; line 117193 (wfb::source-text airports united_kingdom with_paved_runways_under_914_m "172" );; line 117195 (wfb::source-text airports united_kingdom |with unpaved runways 1,524 to 2,438 m| "1" );; line 117197 (wfb::source-text airports united_kingdom |with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m| "27" );; line 117199 (wfb::source-text telephone_system united_kingdom "30,200,000 telephones; technologically advanced domestic and international system" );; line 117204 (wfb::source-text telephone_system united_kingdom local "NA" );; line 117207 (wfb::source-text telephone_system united_kingdom intercity "NA equal mix of buried cables, microwave and optical-fiber systems" );; line 117209 (wfb::source-text telephone_system united_kingdom international "40 coaxial submarine cables; 10 INTELSAT (7 Atlantic Ocean and 3 Indian Ocean), 1 INMARSAT, and 1 EUTELSAT earth satellite; at least 8 large international switching centers" );; line 117212 (wfb::source-text radio united_kingdom broadcast_stations "AM 225, FM 525 (mostly repeaters), shortwave 0" );; line 117219 (wfb::source-text radio united_kingdom radios "70 million" );; line 117221 (wfb::source-text television united_kingdom broadcast_stations "207 (repeaters 3,210)" );; line 117226 (wfb::source-text television united_kingdom televisions "20 million" );; line 117228 (wfb::source-text defense_branch united_kingdom "Army, Royal Navy (includes Royal Marines), Royal Air Force" );; line 117234 (wfb::source-text manpower_availability united_kingdom "males age 15-49 14,429,485; males fit for military service 12,041,935 (1995 est.)" );; line 117238 (wfb::source-text defense_expenditures united_kingdom "exchange rate conversion - $35.1 billion, 3.1% of GDP (FY95/96)" );; line 117243 (wfb::source-text location united_states "North America, bordering both the North Atlantic Ocean and the North Pacific Ocean, between Canada and Mexico" );; line 117253 (wfb::source-text map_references united_states "North America" );; line 117258 (wfb::source-text area united_states total_area "9,372,610 sq km" );; line 117263 (wfb::source-text area united_states land_area "9,166,600 sq km" );; line 117265 (wfb::source-text area united_states comparative_area "about half the size of Russia; about three-tenths the size of Africa; about one-half the size of South America (or slightly larger than Brazil); slightly smaller than China; about two and one-half times the size of Western Europe" );; line 117267 (wfb::source-text borders united_states "total 12,248 km, Canada 8,893 km (including 2,477 km with Alaska), Cuba 29 km (US Naval Base at Guantanamo Bay), Mexico 3,326 km" );; line 117276 (wfb::source-text coastline united_states "19,924 km" );; line 117281 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims united_states contiguous_zone "12 nm" );; line 117286 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims united_states continental_shelf "not specified" );; line 117288 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims united_states exclusive_economic_zone "200 nm" );; line 117290 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims united_states territorial_sea "12 nm" );; line 117292 (wfb::source-text international_disputes united_states "maritime boundary disputes with Canada (Dixon Entrance, Beaufort Sea, Strait of Juan de Fuca, Machias Seal Island); US Naval Base at Guantanamo Bay is leased from Cuba and only mutual agreement or US abandonment of the area can terminate the lease; Haiti claims Navassa Island; US has made no territorial claim in Antarctica (but has reserved the right to do so) and does not recognize the claims of any other nation; Republic of Marshall Islands claims Wake Island" );; line 117296 (wfb::source-text climate united_states "mostly temperate, but tropical in Hawaii and Florida and arctic in Alaska, semiarid in the great plains west of the Mississippi River and arid in the Great Basin of the southwest; low winter temperatures in the northwest are ameliorated occasionally in January and February by warm chinook winds from the eastern slopes of the Rocky Mountains" );; line 117306 (wfb::source-text terrain united_states "vast central plain, mountains in west, hills and low mountains in east; rugged mountains and broad river valleys in Alaska; rugged, volcanic topography in Hawaii" );; line 117314 (wfb::source-text natural-resource united_states "coal, copper, lead, molybdenum, phosphates, uranium, bauxite, gold, iron, mercury, nickel, potash, silver, tungsten, zinc, petroleum, natural gas, timber" );; line 117320 (wfb::source-text land_use united_states arable_land "20%" );; line 117327 (wfb::source-text land_use united_states permanent_crops "0%" );; line 117329 (wfb::source-text land_use united_states meadows_and_pastures "26%" );; line 117331 (wfb::source-text land_use united_states forest_and_woodland "29%" );; line 117333 (wfb::source-text land_use united_states other "25%" );; line 117335 (wfb::source-text irrigated_land united_states "181,020 sq km (1989 est.)" );; line 117339 (wfb::source-text environment united_states current_issues "air pollution resulting in acid rain in both the US and Canada; the US is the largest single emitter of carbon dioxide from the burning of fossil fuels; water pollution from runoff of pesticides and fertilizers; very limited natural fresh water resources in much of the western part of the country require careful management; desertification" );; line 117344 (wfb::source-text environment united_states natural_hazards "tsunamis, volcanoes, and earthquake activity around Pacific Basin; hurricanes along the Atlantic coast; tornadoes in the midwest; mudslides in California; forest fires in the west; flooding; permafrost in northern Alaska is a major impediment to development" );; line 117350 (wfb::source-text environment united_states international_agreements "party to - Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Antarctic Treaty, Climate Change, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Wetlands, Whaling; signed, but not ratified - Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Biodiversity, Desertification, Hazardous Wastes, Tropical Timber 94" );; line 117355 (wfb::source-text note united_states "world's fourth-largest country (after Russia, Canada, and China)" );; line 117364 (wfb::source-text population united_states "263,814,032 (July 1995 est.)" );; line 117370 (wfb::source-text age_structure united_states 0-14_years "22% (female 28,391,451; male 29,845,630)" );; line 117375 (wfb::source-text age_structure united_states 15-64_years "65% (female 86,454,415; male 85,474,002)" );; line 117377 (wfb::source-text age_structure united_states 65_years_and_over "13% (female 19,949,978; male 13,698,559) (July 1995 est.)" );; line 117379 (wfb::source-text population_growth_rate united_states "1.02% (1995 est.)" );; line 117383 (wfb::source-text birth_rate united_states "15.25 births/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 117387 (wfb::source-text death_rate united_states "8.38 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 117391 (wfb::source-text net_migration_rate united_states "3.34 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 117395 (wfb::source-text infant_mortality_rate united_states "7.88 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.)" );; line 117399 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth united_states total_population "75.99 years" );; line 117404 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth united_states male "72.8 years" );; line 117406 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth united_states female "79.7 years (1995 est.)" );; line 117408 (wfb::source-text total_fertility_rate united_states "2.08 children born/woman (1995 est.)" );; line 117412 (wfb::source-text nationality united_states noun "American(s)" );; line 117417 (wfb::source-text nationality united_states adjective "American" );; line 117419 (wfb::source-text ethnic-entity united_states "white 83.4%, black 12.4%, Asian 3.3%, Native American 0.8% (1992)" );; line 117423 (wfb::source-text religion united_states "Protestant 56%, Roman Catholic 28%, Jewish 2%, other 4%, none 10% (1989)" );; line 117427 (wfb::source-text language united_states "English, Spanish (spoken by a sizable minority)" );; line 117432 (wfb::source-text literacy united_states "age 15 and over has completed five or more years of schooling (1979)" );; line 117436 (wfb::source-text literacy united_states total_population "97%" );; line 117439 (wfb::source-text literacy united_states male "97%" );; line 117441 (wfb::source-text literacy united_states female "97%" );; line 117443 (wfb::source-text total_labor_force united_states "131.056 million (includes unemployed) (1994)" );; line 117447 (wfb::source-text labor_force_by_occupation united_states by_occupation "managerial and professional 27.5%, technical, sales and administrative support 30.3%, services 13.7%, manufacturing, mining, transportation, and crafts 25.5%, farming, forestry, and fishing 2.9%" );; line 117449 (wfb::source-text names united_states conventional_long_form "United States of America" );; line 117457 (wfb::source-text names united_states conventional_short_form "United States" );; line 117459 (wfb::source-text abbreviation united_states "US or USA" );; line 117463 (wfb::source-text digraph united_states "US" );; line 117467 (wfb::source-text type united_states "federal republic; strong democratic tradition" );; line 117471 (wfb::source-text capital united_states "Washington, DC" );; line 117475 (wfb::source-text administrative_divisions united_states "50 states and 1 district*; Alabama, Alaska, Arizona, Arkansas, California, Colorado, Connecticut, Delaware, District of Columbia*, Florida, Georgia, Hawaii, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, Nevada, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, North Carolina, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, Vermont, Virginia, Washington, West Virginia, Wisconsin, Wyoming" );; line 117479 (wfb::source-text dependent_areas united_states "American Samoa, Baker Island, Guam, Howland Island, Jarvis Island, Johnston Atoll, Kingman Reef, Midway Islands, Navassa Island, Northern Mariana Islands, Palmyra Atoll, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands, Wake Island" );; line 117490 (wfb::source-text independence united_states "4 July 1776 (from England)" );; line 117506 (wfb::source-text national_holiday united_states "Independence Day, 4 July (1776)" );; line 117510 (wfb::source-text constitution united_states "17 September 1787, effective 4 March 1789" );; line 117514 (wfb::source-text legal_system united_states "based on English common law; judicial review of legislative acts; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations" );; line 117518 (wfb::source-text suffrage united_states "18 years of age; universal" );; line 117523 (wfb::source-text executive_branch united_states chief_of_state_and_head_of_government "President William Jefferson CLINTON (since 20 January 1993); Vice President Albert GORE, Jr. (since 20 January 1993); election last held 3 November 1992 (next to be held 5 November 1996); results - William Jefferson CLINTON (Democratic Party) 43.2%, George BUSH (Republican Party) 37.7%, Ross PEROT (Independent) 19.0%, other 0.1%" );; line 117528 (wfb::source-text executive_branch united_states cabinet "Cabinet; appointed by the president with Senate approval" );; line 117534 (wfb::source-text legislative_structure united_states "bicameral Congress" );; line 117538 (wfb::source-text legislative_branch united_states senate "elections last held 8 November 1994 (next to be held 5 November 1996); results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (100 total) Republican Party 54, Democratic Party 46" );; line 117540 (wfb::source-text legislative_branch united_states house_of_representatives "elections last held 8 November 1994 (next to be held 5 November 1996); results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (435 total) Republican Party 231, Democratic Party 203, independent 1" );; line 117544 (wfb::source-text judicial_branch united_states "Supreme Court" );; line 117550 (wfb::source-text political_parties_and_leaders united_states "Republican Party, Haley BARBOUR, national committee chairman; Jeanie AUSTIN, co-chairman; Democratic Party, David C. WILHELM, national committee chairman; several other groups or parties of minor political significance" );; line 117554 (wfb::source-text member_of united_states "AfDB, AG (observer), ANZUS, APEC, AsDB, Australia Group, BIS, CCC, CP, EBRD, ECE, ECLAC, ESCAP, FAO, G- 2, G- 5, G- 7, G- 8, G-10, GATT, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, INMARSAT, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, MINURSO, MTCR, NACC, NATO, NEA, NSG, OAS, OECD, OSCE, PCA, SPC, UN, UN Security Council, UNCTAD, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIKOM, UNITAR, UNMIH, UNOMOZ, UNPROFOR, UNRWA, UNTSO, UNU, UPU, WCL, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC" );; line 117561 (wfb::source-text flag united_states "thirteen equal horizontal stripes of red (top and bottom) alternating with white; there is a blue rectangle in the upper hoist-side corner bearing 50 small white five-pointed stars arranged in nine offset horizontal rows of six stars (top and bottom) alternating with rows of five stars; the 50 stars represent the 50 states, the 13 stripes represent the 13 original colonies; known as Old Glory; the design and colors have been the basis for a number of other flags including Chile, Liberia, Malaysia, and Puerto Rico" );; line 117571 (wfb::source-text overview united_states "The US has the most powerful, diverse, and technologically advanced economy in the world, with a per capita GDP of $25,850, the largest among major industrial nations. The economy is market oriented with most decisions made by private individuals and business firms and with government purchases of goods and services made predominantly in the marketplace. In 1989 the economy enjoyed its seventh successive year of substantial growth, the longest in peacetime history. The expansion featured moderation in wage and consumer price increases and a steady reduction in unemployment to 5.2% of the labor force. In 1990, however, growth slowed to 1% because of a combination of factors, such as the worldwide increase in interest rates, Iraq's invasion of Kuwait in August, the subsequent spurt in oil prices, and a general decline in business and consumer confidence. In 1991 output fell by 0.6%, unemployment grew, and signs of recovery proved premature. Growth picked up to 2.3% in 1992 and to 3.1% in 1993. Unemployment, however, declined only gradually, the increase in GDP being mainly attributable to gains in output per worker. The year 1994 witnessed a solid 4% gain in real output, a low inflation rate of 2.6%, and a drop in unemployment below 6%. The capture of both houses of Congress by the Republicans in the elections of 8 November 1994 means substantial changes are likely in US economic policy, including changes in the ways the US will address its major economic problems in 1995-96. These problems include inadequate investment in economic infrastructure, rapidly rising medical costs of an aging population, and sizable budget and trade deficits." );; line 117583 (wfb::source-text national_product united_states "GDP - purchasing power parity - $6.7384 trillion (1994)" );; line 117609 (wfb::source-text national_product_real_growth_rate united_states "4.1% (1994)" );; line 117613 (wfb::source-text national_product_per_capita united_states "$25,850 (1994)" );; line 117617 (wfb::source-text |Inflation rate (consumer prices)| united_states "2.6% (1994)" );; line 117621 (wfb::source-text unemployment_rate united_states "5.5% (March 1995)" );; line 117625 (wfb::source-text budget united_states revenues "$1.258 trillion" );; line 117630 (wfb::source-text budget united_states expenditures "$1.461 trillion, including capital expenditures of $NA (1994)" );; line 117632 (wfb::source-text exports united_states "$513 billion (f.o.b., 1994)" );; line 117636 (wfb::source-text exports united_states commodities "capital goods, automobiles, industrial supplies and raw materials, consumer goods, agricultural products" );; line 117638 (wfb::source-text exports united_states partners "Western Europe 24.3%, Canada 22.1%, Japan 10.5% (1993)" );; line 117641 (wfb::source-text imports united_states "$664 billion (c.i.f., 1994)" );; line 117645 (wfb::source-text imports united_states commodities "crude oil and refined petroleum products, machinery, automobiles, consumer goods, industrial raw materials, food and beverages" );; line 117647 (wfb::source-text imports united_states partners "Canada, 19.3%, Western Europe 18.1%, Japan 18.1% (1993)" );; line 117650 (wfb::source-text external_debt united_states "$NA" );; line 117654 (wfb::source-text industrial_production united_states "growth rate 5.4% (1994 est.)" );; line 117658 (wfb::source-text electricity united_states capacity "695,120,000 kW" );; line 117663 (wfb::source-text electricity united_states production "3.1 trillion kWh" );; line 117665 (wfb::source-text electricity united_states consumption_per_capita "11,236 kWh (1993)" );; line 117667 (wfb::source-text industry united_states "leading industrial power in the world, highly diversified and technologically advanced; petroleum, steel, motor vehicles, aerospace, telecommunications, chemicals, electronics, food processing, consumer goods, lumber, mining" );; line 117671 (wfb::source-text agriculture united_states "accounts for 2% of GDP and 2.9% of labor force; favorable climate and soils support a wide variety of crops and livestock production; world's second largest producer and number one exporter of grain; surplus food producer; fish catch of 4.4 million metric tons (1990)" );; line 117678 (wfb::source-text illicit_drugs united_states "illicit producer of cannabis for domestic consumption with 1987 production estimated at 3,500 metric tons or about 25% of the available marijuana; ongoing eradication program aimed at small plots and greenhouses has not reduced production" );; line 117685 (wfb::source-text economic_aid united_states donor "commitments, including ODA and OOF, (FY80-89), $115.7 billion" );; line 117693 (wfb::source-text currency united_states "1 United States dollar (US$) = 100 cents" );; line 117697 (wfb::source-text exchange_rates united_states british_pounds "(#) per US$ - 0.6350 (January 1995), 0.6529 (1994), 0.6033 (1993), 0.5664 (1992), 0.5652 (1991), 0.5603 (1990)" );; line 117702 (wfb::source-text exchange_rates united_states canadian_dollars "(Can$) per US$ - 1.4129 (January 1995), 1.3656 (1994), 1.2901 (1993), 1.2087 (1992), 1.1457 (1991), 1.1668 (1990)" );; line 117705 (wfb::source-text exchange_rates united_states french_francs "(F) per US$ - 5.2943 (January 1995), 5.5520 (1994), 5.6632 (1993), 5.2938 (1992), 5.6421 (1991), 5.4453 (1990)" );; line 117708 (wfb::source-text exchange_rates united_states italian_lire "(Lit) per US$ - 1,609.5 (January 1995), 1,612.4 (1994), 1,573.7 (1993), 1,232.4 (1992), 1,240.6 (1991), 1,198.1 (1990)" );; line 117711 (wfb::source-text exchange_rates united_states japanese_yen "(Y) per US$ - 99.75 (January 1995), 102.21 (1994), 111.20 (1993), 126.65 (1992), 134.71 (1991), 144.79 (1990)" );; line 117714 (wfb::source-text exchange_rates united_states german_deutsche_marks "(DM) per US$ - 1.5313 (January 1995), 1.6228 (1994), 1.6533 (1993), 1.5617 (1992), 1.6595 (1991), 1.6157 (1990)" );; line 117717 (wfb::source-text fiscal_year united_states "1 October - 30 September" );; line 117722 (wfb::source-text railroads united_states total "240,000 km mainline routes (nongovernment owned)" );; line 117728 (wfb::source-text railroads united_states standard_gauge "240,000 km 1.435-m gauge (1989)" );; line 117730 (wfb::source-text highways united_states total "6,243,163 km" );; line 117735 (wfb::source-text highways united_states paved "3,633,520 km (including 84,865 km of expressways)" );; line 117737 (wfb::source-text highways united_states unpaved "2,609,643 km (1990)" );; line 117739 (wfb::source-text inland_waterways united_states "41,009 km of navigable inland channels, exclusive of the Great Lakes (est.)" );; line 117743 (wfb::source-text pipelines united_states "petroleum 276,000 km; natural gas 331,000 km (1991)" );; line 117748 (wfb::source-text port united_states "Anchorage, Baltimore, Boston, Charleston, Chicago, Duluth, Hampton Roads, Honolulu, Houston, Jacksonville, Los Angeles, New Orleans, New York, Philadelphia, Port Canaveral, Portland (Oregon), Prudhoe Bay, San Francisco, Savannah, Seattle, Tampa, Toledo" );; line 117752 (wfb::source-text merchant_marine united_states total "354 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 11,462,000 GRT/16,477,000 DWT" );; line 117760 (wfb::source-text merchant_marine united_states ships_by_type "bulk 22, cargo 28, chemical tanker 16, intermodal 130, liquefied gas tanker 13, passenger-cargo 2, tanker 130, tanker tug-barge 13" );; line 117763 (wfb::source-text airports united_states total "15,032" );; line 117771 (wfb::source-text airports united_states |with paved runways over 3,047 m| "181" );; line 117773 (wfb::source-text airports united_states |with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m| "208" );; line 117775 (wfb::source-text airports united_states |with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m| "1,242" );; line 117777 (wfb::source-text airports united_states |with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m| "2,489" );; line 117779 (wfb::source-text airports united_states with_paved_runways_under_914_m "8,994" );; line 117781 (wfb::source-text airports united_states |with unpaved runways over 3,047 m| "1" );; line 117783 (wfb::source-text airports united_states |with unpaved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m| "7" );; line 117785 (wfb::source-text airports united_states |with unpaved runways 1,524 to 2,438 m| "180" );; line 117787 (wfb::source-text airports united_states |with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m| "1,730" );; line 117789 (wfb::source-text telephone_system united_states "126,000,000 telephones; 7,557,000 cellular telephones" );; line 117794 (wfb::source-text telephone_system united_states local "NA" );; line 117796 (wfb::source-text telephone_system united_states intercity "large system of fiber-optic cable, microwave radio relay, coaxial cable, and domestic satellites" );; line 117798 (wfb::source-text telephone_system united_states international "16 satellites and 24 ocean cable systems in use; 61 INTELSAT (45 Atlantic Ocean and 16 Pacific Ocean) earth stations (1990)" );; line 117801 (wfb::source-text radio united_states broadcast_stations "AM 4,987, FM 4,932, shortwave 0" );; line 117807 (wfb::source-text radio united_states radios "530 million" );; line 117809 (wfb::source-text television united_states broadcast_stations "1,092 (about 9,000 cable TV systems)" );; line 117814 (wfb::source-text television united_states televisions "193 million" );; line 117816 (wfb::source-text defense_branch united_states "Department of the Army, Department of the Navy (includes Marine Corps), Department of the Air Force" );; line 117822 (wfb::source-text defense_expenditures united_states "$284.4 billion, 4.2% of GDP (1994 est.)" );; line 117827 (wfb::source-text location uruguay "Southern South America, bordering the South Atlantic Ocean, between Argentina and Brazil" );; line 117837 (wfb::source-text map_references uruguay "South America" );; line 117842 (wfb::source-text area uruguay total_area "176,220 sq km" );; line 117847 (wfb::source-text area uruguay land_area "173,620 sq km" );; line 117849 (wfb::source-text area uruguay comparative_area "slightly smaller than Washington State" );; line 117851 (wfb::source-text borders uruguay "total 1,564 km, Argentina 579 km, Brazil 985 km" );; line 117855 (wfb::source-text coastline uruguay "660 km" );; line 117859 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims uruguay continental_shelf "200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation" );; line 117864 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims uruguay territorial_sea "200 nm; overflight and navigation guaranteed beyond 12 nm" );; line 117866 (wfb::source-text international_disputes uruguay "short section of boundary with Argentina is in dispute; two short sections of the boundary with Brazil are in dispute - Arroyo de la Invernada (Arroio Invernada) area of the Rio Cuareim (Rio Quarai) and the islands at the confluence of the Rio Cuareim (Rio Quarai) and the Uruguay River" );; line 117870 (wfb::source-text climate uruguay "warm temperate; freezing temperatures almost unknown" );; line 117877 (wfb::source-text terrain uruguay "mostly rolling plains and low hills; fertile coastal lowland" );; line 117881 (wfb::source-text natural-resource uruguay "soil, hydropower potential, minor minerals" );; line 117885 (wfb::source-text land_use uruguay arable_land "8%" );; line 117890 (wfb::source-text land_use uruguay permanent_crops "0%" );; line 117892 (wfb::source-text land_use uruguay meadows_and_pastures "78%" );; line 117894 (wfb::source-text land_use uruguay forest_and_woodland "4%" );; line 117896 (wfb::source-text land_use uruguay other "10%" );; line 117898 (wfb::source-text irrigated_land uruguay "1,100 sq km (1989 est.)" );; line 117902 (wfb::source-text environment uruguay current_issues "substantial pollution from Brazilian industry along border; one-fifth of country affected by acid rain generated by Brazil; water pollution from meat packing/tannery industry; inadequate solid/hazardous waste disposal" );; line 117907 (wfb::source-text environment uruguay natural_hazards "seasonally high winds (the pampero is a chilly and occasional violent wind which blows north from the Argentine pampas), droughts, floods; because of the absence of mountains, which act as weather barriers, all locations are particularly vulnerable to rapid changes in weather fronts" );; line 117912 (wfb::source-text environment uruguay international_agreements "party to - Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands; signed, but not ratified - Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation" );; line 117917 (wfb::source-text population uruguay "3,222,716 (July 1995 est.)" );; line 117927 (wfb::source-text age_structure uruguay 0-14_years "25% (female 392,262; male 409,580)" );; line 117932 (wfb::source-text age_structure uruguay 15-64_years "63% (female 1,026,314; male 995,492)" );; line 117934 (wfb::source-text age_structure uruguay 65_years_and_over "12% (female 233,377; male 165,691) (July 1995 est.)" );; line 117936 (wfb::source-text population_growth_rate uruguay "0.74% (1995 est.)" );; line 117940 (wfb::source-text birth_rate uruguay "17.57 births/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 117944 (wfb::source-text death_rate uruguay "9.27 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 117948 (wfb::source-text net_migration_rate uruguay "-0.93 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 117952 (wfb::source-text infant_mortality_rate uruguay "16.3 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.)" );; line 117956 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth uruguay total_population "74.46 years" );; line 117961 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth uruguay male "71.24 years" );; line 117963 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth uruguay female "77.83 years (1995 est.)" );; line 117965 (wfb::source-text total_fertility_rate uruguay "2.41 children born/woman (1995 est.)" );; line 117969 (wfb::source-text nationality uruguay noun "Uruguayan(s)" );; line 117974 (wfb::source-text nationality uruguay adjective "Uruguayan" );; line 117976 (wfb::source-text ethnic-entity uruguay "white 88%, mestizo 8%, black 4%" );; line 117980 (wfb::source-text religion uruguay "Roman Catholic 66% (less than half adult population attends church regularly), Protestant 2%, Jewish 2%, nonprofessing or other 30%" );; line 117984 (wfb::source-text language uruguay "Spanish, Brazilero (Portuguese-Spanish mix on the Brazilian frontier)" );; line 117989 (wfb::source-text literacy uruguay "age 15 and over can read and write (1990 est.)" );; line 117994 (wfb::source-text literacy uruguay total_population "96%" );; line 117996 (wfb::source-text literacy uruguay male "97%" );; line 117998 (wfb::source-text literacy uruguay female "96%" );; line 118000 (wfb::source-text total_labor_force uruguay "1.355 million (1991 est.)" );; line 118004 (wfb::source-text labor_force_by_occupation uruguay by_occupation "government 25%, manufacturing 19%, agriculture 11%, commerce 12%, utilities, construction, transport, and communications 12%, other services 21% (1988 est.)" );; line 118006 (wfb::source-text names uruguay conventional_long_form "Oriental Republic of Uruguay" );; line 118014 (wfb::source-text names uruguay conventional_short_form "Uruguay" );; line 118016 (wfb::source-text names uruguay local_long_form "Republica Oriental del Uruguay" );; line 118018 (wfb::source-text names uruguay local_short_form "Uruguay" );; line 118020 (wfb::source-text digraph uruguay "UY" );; line 118024 (wfb::source-text type uruguay "republic" );; line 118028 (wfb::source-text capital uruguay "Montevideo" );; line 118032 (wfb::source-text administrative_divisions uruguay "19 departments (departamentos, singular - departamento); Artigas, Canelones, Cerro Largo, Colonia, Durazno, Flores, Florida, Lavalleja, Maldonado, Montevideo, Paysandu, Rio Negro, Rivera, Rocha, Salto, San Jose, Soriano, Tacuarembo, Treinta y Tres" );; line 118036 (wfb::source-text independence uruguay "25 August 1828 (from Brazil)" );; line 118043 (wfb::source-text national_holiday uruguay "Independence Day, 25 August (1828)" );; line 118047 (wfb::source-text constitution uruguay "27 November 1966, effective February 1967, suspended 27 June 1973, new constitution rejected by referendum 30 November 1980" );; line 118051 (wfb::source-text legal_system uruguay "based on Spanish civil law system; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction" );; line 118056 (wfb::source-text suffrage uruguay "18 years of age; universal and compulsory" );; line 118061 (wfb::source-text executive_branch uruguay chief_of_state_and_head_of_government "President Julio Maria SANGUINETTI (since 1 March 1995); Vice President Hugo BATALLA (since 1 March 1995); election last held 27 November 1994 (next to be held NA November 1999)" );; line 118066 (wfb::source-text executive_branch uruguay cabinet "Council of Ministers; appointed by the president" );; line 118070 (wfb::source-text legislative_structure uruguay "bicameral General Assembly (Asamblea General)" );; line 118074 (wfb::source-text legislative_branch uruguay |Chamber of Senators (Camara de Senadores)| "elections last held 27 November 1994 (next to be held NA November 1999); results - Colorado 36%, Blanco 34 %, Encuentro Progresista 27%, New Sector 3%; seats - (30 total) Colorado 11, Blanco 10, Encuentro Progresista 8, New Sector 1" );; line 118076 (wfb::source-text legislative_branch uruguay |Chamber of Representatives (Camera de Representantes)| "elections last held 27 November 1994 (next to be held NA November 1999); results - Colorado 32%, Blanco 31%, Encuentro Progresista 31%, New Sector 5%; seats - (99 total) Colorado 32, Blanco 31, Encuentro Progresista 31, New Sector 5" );; line 118081 (wfb::source-text judicial_branch uruguay "Supreme Court" );; line 118088 (wfb::source-text political_parties_and_leaders uruguay "National (Blanco) Party; Colorado Party, Jorge BATLLE; Broad Front Coalition, Gen. Liber SEREGNI Mosquera; New Sector Coalition, Hugo BATALLA; Encuentro Progresista" );; line 118092 (wfb::source-text member_of uruguay "AG (observer), CCC, ECLAC, FAO, G-11, G-77, GATT, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICRM, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, LAES, LAIA, MERCOSUR, NAM (observer), OAS, OPANAL, PCA, RG, UN, UNAMIR, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNIKOM, UNMOGIP, UNOMIL, UNOMOZ, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO" );; line 118098 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us uruguay chief_of_mission "Ambassador Eduardo MACGILLYCUDDY" );; line 118107 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us uruguay chancery "1918 F Street NW, Washington, DC 20006" );; line 118109 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us uruguay telephone "[1] (202) 331-1313 through 1316" );; line 118111 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us uruguay |consulate(s) general| "Los Angeles, Miami, and New York" );; line 118113 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us uruguay |consulate(s)| "New Orleans" );; line 118115 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation uruguay chief_of_mission "Ambassador Thomas J. DODD" );; line 118120 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation uruguay embassy "Lauro Muller 1776, Montevideo" );; line 118122 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation uruguay mailing_address "APO AA 34035" );; line 118124 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation uruguay telephone "[598] (2) 23 60 61, 48 77 77" );; line 118126 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation uruguay fax "[598] (2) 48 86 11" );; line 118128 (wfb::source-text flag uruguay "nine equal horizontal stripes of white (top and bottom) alternating with blue; there is a white square in the upper hoist-side corner with a yellow sun bearing a human face known as the Sun of May and 16 rays alternately triangular and wavy" );; line 118132 (wfb::source-text overview uruguay "Uruguay's economy is a small one with favorable climate, good soils, and substantial hydropower potential. Economic development has been restrained in recent years by excessive government regulation of economic detail and 40% to 130% inflation. Although the GDP growth rate slowed in 1993 to 1.7%, following a healthy expansion to 7.5% in 1992, it rebounded in 1994 to an estimated 4%, spurred mostly by increasing agricultural and other exports and a surprise reversal of the downward trend in industrial production. In a major step toward regional economic cooperation, Uruguay confirmed its commitment to the Southern Cone Common Market (MERCOSUR) customs union by implementing MERCOSUR's common external tariff on most tradables on 1 January 1995. Inflation in 1994 declined for the third consecutive year, yet, at 44%, it remains the highest in the region; analysts predict that the expanding fiscal deficit and wage indexation will force the inflation rate back toward the 50% mark in 1995." );; line 118140 (wfb::source-text national_product uruguay "GDP - purchasing power parity - $23 billion (1994 est.)" );; line 118157 (wfb::source-text national_product_real_growth_rate uruguay "4% (1994 est.)" );; line 118161 (wfb::source-text national_product_per_capita uruguay "$7,200 (1994 est.)" );; line 118165 (wfb::source-text |Inflation rate (consumer prices)| uruguay "44% (1994 est.)" );; line 118169 (wfb::source-text unemployment_rate uruguay "9% (1994 est.)" );; line 118173 (wfb::source-text budget uruguay revenues "$2.9 billion" );; line 118178 (wfb::source-text budget uruguay expenditures "$3 billion, including capital expenditures of $388 million (1991 est.)" );; line 118180 (wfb::source-text exports uruguay "$1.78 billion (f.o.b., 1994 est.)" );; line 118185 (wfb::source-text exports uruguay commodities "wool and textile manufactures, beef and other animal products, leather, rice" );; line 118187 (wfb::source-text exports uruguay partners "Brazil, Argentina, US, China, Italy" );; line 118190 (wfb::source-text imports uruguay "$2.461 billion (c.i.f., 1994 est.)" );; line 118194 (wfb::source-text imports uruguay commodities "machinery and equipment, vehicles, chemicals, minerals, plastics" );; line 118196 (wfb::source-text imports uruguay partners "Brazil, Argentina, US, Nigeria" );; line 118198 (wfb::source-text external_debt uruguay "$4.2 billion (1993)" );; line 118202 (wfb::source-text industrial_production uruguay "growth rate 3.9% (1992); accounts for 28% of GDP" );; line 118206 (wfb::source-text electricity uruguay capacity "2,070,000 kW" );; line 118211 (wfb::source-text electricity uruguay production "9 billion kWh" );; line 118213 (wfb::source-text electricity uruguay consumption_per_capita "1,575 kWh (1993)" );; line 118215 (wfb::source-text industry uruguay "meat processing, wool and hides, sugar, textiles, footwear, leather apparel, tires, cement, petroleum refining, wine" );; line 118219 (wfb::source-text agriculture uruguay "accounts for 12% of GDP; large areas devoted to livestock grazing; wheat, rice, corn, sorghum; fishing; self-sufficient in most basic foodstuffs" );; line 118224 (wfb::source-text economic_aid uruguay recipient "US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-88), $105 million; Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-89), $420 million; Communist countries (1970-89), $69 million" );; line 118230 (wfb::source-text currency uruguay "1 Uruguayan peso ($Ur) = 100 centesimos" );; line 118236 (wfb::source-text exchange_rates uruguay "Uruguayan pesos ($Ur) per US$1 - 5.6 (January 1995), 4.4710 (January 1994), 3.9484 (1993), 3.0270 (1992), 2.0188 (1991), 1.1710 (1990)" );; line 118240 (wfb::source-text fiscal_year uruguay "calendar year" );; line 118248 (wfb::source-text railroads uruguay total "3,000 km" );; line 118254 (wfb::source-text railroads uruguay standard_gauge "3,000 km 1.435-m gauge" );; line 118256 (wfb::source-text highways uruguay total "49,900 km" );; line 118261 (wfb::source-text highways uruguay paved "6,700 km" );; line 118263 (wfb::source-text highways uruguay unpaved "gravel 3,000 km; earth 40,200 km" );; line 118265 (wfb::source-text inland_waterways uruguay "1,600 km; used by coastal and shallow-draft river craft" );; line 118269 (wfb::source-text port uruguay "Fray Bentos, Montevideo, Nueva Palmira, Paysandu, Punta del Este" );; line 118273 (wfb::source-text merchant_marine uruguay total "3 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 71,405 GRT/110,939 DWT" );; line 118278 (wfb::source-text merchant_marine uruguay ships_by_type "cargo 1, container 1, oil tanker 1" );; line 118280 (wfb::source-text airports uruguay total "85" );; line 118285 (wfb::source-text airports uruguay |with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m| "2" );; line 118287 (wfb::source-text airports uruguay |with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m| "5" );; line 118289 (wfb::source-text airports uruguay |with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m| "8" );; line 118291 (wfb::source-text airports uruguay with_paved_runways_under_914_m "54" );; line 118293 (wfb::source-text airports uruguay |with unpaved runways 1,524 to 2,438 m| "2" );; line 118295 (wfb::source-text airports uruguay |with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m| "14" );; line 118297 (wfb::source-text telephone_system uruguay "337,000 telephones; telephone density 10/100 persons; some modern facilities" );; line 118302 (wfb::source-text telephone_system uruguay local "most modern facilities concentrated in Montevideo" );; line 118305 (wfb::source-text telephone_system uruguay intercity "new nationwide microwave network" );; line 118307 (wfb::source-text telephone_system uruguay international "2 INTELSAT (Atlantic Ocean) earth stations" );; line 118309 (wfb::source-text radio uruguay broadcast_stations "AM 99, FM 0, shortwave 9" );; line 118314 (wfb::source-text radio uruguay radios "NA" );; line 118316 (wfb::source-text television uruguay broadcast_stations "26" );; line 118321 (wfb::source-text television uruguay televisions "NA" );; line 118323 (wfb::source-text defense_branch uruguay "Army, Navy (includes Naval Air Arm, Coast Guard, Marines), Air Force, Grenadier Guards, Coracero Guard, Police" );; line 118329 (wfb::source-text manpower_availability uruguay "males age 15-49 775,060; males fit for military service 629,385 (1995 est.)" );; line 118334 (wfb::source-text defense_expenditures uruguay "exchange rate conversion - $216 million, 2.3% of GDP (1991 est.)" );; line 118339 (wfb::source-text location uzbekistan "Central Asia, north of Afghanistan" );; line 118349 (wfb::source-text map_references uzbekistan "Commonwealth of Independent States - Central Asian States" );; line 118353 (wfb::source-text area uzbekistan total_area "447,400 sq km" );; line 118358 (wfb::source-text area uzbekistan land_area "425,400 sq km" );; line 118360 (wfb::source-text area uzbekistan comparative_area "slightly larger than California" );; line 118362 (wfb::source-text borders uzbekistan "total 6,221 km, Afghanistan 137 km, Kazakhstan 2,203 km, Kyrgyzstan 1,099 km, Tajikistan 1,161 km, Turkmenistan 1,621 km" );; line 118366 (wfb::source-text coastline uzbekistan "0 km" );; line 118371 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims uzbekistan "none; landlocked" );; line 118377 (wfb::source-text international_disputes uzbekistan "none" );; line 118381 (wfb::source-text climate uzbekistan "mostly midlatitude desert, long, hot summers, mild winters; semiarid grassland in east" );; line 118385 (wfb::source-text terrain uzbekistan "mostly flat-to-rolling sandy desert with dunes; broad, flat intensely irrigated river valleys along course of Amu Darya and Sirdaryo Rivers; Fergana Valley in east surrounded by mountainous Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan; shrinking Aral Sea in west" );; line 118390 (wfb::source-text natural-resource uzbekistan "natural gas, petroleum, coal, gold, uranium, silver, copper, lead and zinc, tungsten, molybdenum" );; line 118397 (wfb::source-text land_use uzbekistan arable_land "10%" );; line 118403 (wfb::source-text land_use uzbekistan permanent_crops "1%" );; line 118405 (wfb::source-text land_use uzbekistan meadows_and_pastures "47%" );; line 118407 (wfb::source-text land_use uzbekistan forest_and_woodland "0%" );; line 118409 (wfb::source-text land_use uzbekistan other "42%" );; line 118411 (wfb::source-text irrigated_land uzbekistan "41,550 sq km (1990)" );; line 118415 (wfb::source-text environment uzbekistan current_issues "drying up of the Aral Sea is resulting in growing concentrations of chemical pesticides and natural salts; these substances are then blown from the increasingly exposed lake bed and contribute to desertification; water pollution from industrial wastes and the heavy use of fertilizers and pesticides is the cause of many human health disorders; increasing soil salinization; soil contamination from agricultural chemicals, including DDT" );; line 118420 (wfb::source-text environment uzbekistan natural_hazards "NA" );; line 118427 (wfb::source-text environment uzbekistan international_agreements "party to - Climate Change, Environmental Modification, Ozone Layer Protection" );; line 118429 (wfb::source-text note uzbekistan "landlocked" );; line 118434 (wfb::source-text population uzbekistan "23,089,261 (July 1995 est.)" );; line 118440 (wfb::source-text age_structure uzbekistan 0-14_years "40% (female 4,553,432; male 4,670,496)" );; line 118445 (wfb::source-text age_structure uzbekistan 15-64_years "55% (female 6,400,578; male 6,384,862)" );; line 118447 (wfb::source-text age_structure uzbekistan 65_years_and_over "5% (female 656,933; male 422,960) (July 1995 est.)" );; line 118449 (wfb::source-text population_growth_rate uzbekistan "2.08% (1995 est.)" );; line 118453 (wfb::source-text birth_rate uzbekistan "29.45 births/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 118457 (wfb::source-text death_rate uzbekistan "6.44 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 118461 (wfb::source-text net_migration_rate uzbekistan "-2.23 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 118465 (wfb::source-text infant_mortality_rate uzbekistan "52 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.)" );; line 118469 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth uzbekistan total_population "68.79 years" );; line 118474 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth uzbekistan male "65.5 years" );; line 118476 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth uzbekistan female "72.24 years (1995 est.)" );; line 118478 (wfb::source-text total_fertility_rate uzbekistan "3.67 children born/woman (1995 est.)" );; line 118482 (wfb::source-text nationality uzbekistan noun "Uzbek(s)" );; line 118487 (wfb::source-text nationality uzbekistan adjective "Uzbek" );; line 118489 (wfb::source-text ethnic-entity uzbekistan "Uzbek 71.4%, Russian 8.3%, Tajik 4.7%, Kazakh 4.1%, Tatar 2.4%, Karakalpak 2.1%, other 7%" );; line 118493 (wfb::source-text religion uzbekistan "Muslim 88% (mostly Sunnis), Eastern Orthodox 9%, other 3%" );; line 118498 (wfb::source-text language uzbekistan "Uzbek 74.3%, Russian 14.2%, Tajik 4.4%, other 7.1%" );; line 118502 (wfb::source-text literacy uzbekistan "age 15 and over can read and write (1989)" );; line 118506 (wfb::source-text literacy uzbekistan total_population "97%" );; line 118508 (wfb::source-text literacy uzbekistan male "98%" );; line 118510 (wfb::source-text literacy uzbekistan female "96%" );; line 118512 (wfb::source-text total_labor_force uzbekistan "8.234 million" );; line 118516 (wfb::source-text labor_force_by_occupation uzbekistan by_occupation "agriculture and forestry 43%, industry and construction 22%, other 35% (1992)" );; line 118518 (wfb::source-text names uzbekistan conventional_long_form "Republic of Uzbekistan" );; line 118525 (wfb::source-text names uzbekistan conventional_short_form "Uzbekistan" );; line 118527 (wfb::source-text names uzbekistan local_long_form "Uzbekiston Respublikasi" );; line 118529 (wfb::source-text names uzbekistan local_short_form "none" );; line 118531 (wfb::source-text names uzbekistan former "Uzbek Soviet Socialist Republic" );; line 118533 (wfb::source-text digraph uzbekistan "UZ" );; line 118537 (wfb::source-text type uzbekistan "republic" );; line 118541 (wfb::source-text capital uzbekistan "Tashkent (Toshkent)" );; line 118545 (wfb::source-text administrative_divisions uzbekistan "12 wiloyatlar (singular - wiloyat), 1 autonomous republic* (respublikasi), and 1 city** (shahri); Andijon Wiloyati, Bukhoro Wiloyati, Jizzakh Wiloyati, Farghona Wiloyati, Qoraqalpoghiston* (Nukus), Qashqadaryo Wiloyati (Qarshi), Khorazm Wiloyati (Urganch), Namangan Wiloyati, Nawoiy Wiloyati, Samarqand Wiloyati, Sirdaryo Wiloyati (Guliston), Surkhondaryo Wiloyati (Termiz), Toshkent Shahri**, Toshkent Wiloyati" );; line 118549 (wfb::source-text independence uzbekistan "31 August 1991 (from Soviet Union)" );; line 118562 (wfb::source-text national_holiday uzbekistan "Independence Day, 1 September (1991)" );; line 118566 (wfb::source-text constitution uzbekistan "new constitution adopted 8 December 1992" );; line 118570 (wfb::source-text legal_system uzbekistan "evolution of Soviet civil law; still lacks independent judicial system" );; line 118574 (wfb::source-text suffrage uzbekistan "18 years of age; universal" );; line 118579 (wfb::source-text executive_branch uzbekistan chief_of_state "President Islam KARIMOV (since NA March 1990); election last held 29 December 1991 (next to be held NA); results - Islam KARIMOV 86%, Mukhammad SOLIKH 12%, other 2%; note - a 26 March 1995 referendum extended KARIMOV's term until 2000 (99.6% approval)" );; line 118584 (wfb::source-text executive_branch uzbekistan head_of_government "Prime Minister Abdulhashim MUTALOV (since 13 January 1992), First Deputy Prime Minister Ismail DJURABEKOV (since NA); Deputy Prime Ministers Viktor CHIZHEN, Bakhtiyar HAMIDOV, Kayim KHAKKULOV, Yuriy PAYGIN, Saidmukhtar SAIDKASYMOV, Utkur SULTANOV, Mirabror USMANOV, Murat SHARIFKHOJAYEV (since NA)" );; line 118589 (wfb::source-text executive_branch uzbekistan cabinet "Cabinet of Ministers; appointed by the president with approval of the Supreme Assembly" );; line 118594 (wfb::source-text legislative_structure uzbekistan "unicameral" );; line 118599 (wfb::source-text legislative_branch uzbekistan supreme_council "elections last held 25 December 1994 (next to be held NA); results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (250 total) People's Democratic Party 207, Fatherland Progress Party 12, other 31; note - final runoffs were held 22 January 1995; seating was as follows: People's Democratic Party 69, Fatherland Progress Party 14, Social Democratic Party 47, local government 120" );; line 118601 (wfb::source-text judicial_branch uzbekistan "Supreme Court" );; line 118609 (wfb::source-text political_parties_and_leaders uzbekistan "People's Democratic Party (PDP; formerly Communist Party), Islam A. KARIMOV, chairman; Fatherland Progress Party (FPP), Anwar YULDASHEV, chairman; Social Democratic Party, Anvar JORABAYEV, chairman; Erk (Freedom) Democratic Party (EDP), Muhammad SOLIKH, chairman (in exile); note - EDP was banned 9 December 1992" );; line 118613 (wfb::source-text other_political_or_pressure_groups uzbekistan "Birlik (Unity) People's Movement (BPM), Abdul Rakhim PULATOV, chairman (in exile); Islamic Rebirth Party (IRP), Abdullah UTAYEV, chairman; Adolat-94 (formed by former Vice President Shukhrat MIRSAIDOV and Ibragim BURIEV" );; line 118621 (wfb::source-text member_of uzbekistan "AsDB, CCC, CIS, EBRD, ECE, ECO, ESCAP, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFC, ILO, IMF, INTERPOL, IOC, ISO, ITU, NACC, NAM, OSCE, PFP, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO" );; line 118630 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us uzbekistan chief_of_mission "Ambassador Fatikh TESHABAYEV" );; line 118637 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us uzbekistan chancery "(temporary) Suites 619 and 623, 1511 K Street NW, Washington, DC 20005" );; line 118639 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us uzbekistan telephone "[1] (202) 638-4266, 4267" );; line 118642 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us uzbekistan fax "[1] (202) 638-4268" );; line 118644 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us uzbekistan |consulate(s) general| "New York" );; line 118646 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation uzbekistan chief_of_mission "Ambassador Henry L. CLARKE" );; line 118651 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation uzbekistan embassy "82 Chilanzarskaya, Tashkent" );; line 118653 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation uzbekistan mailing_address "use embassy street address" );; line 118655 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation uzbekistan telephone "[7] (3712) 77-14-07, 77-10-81" );; line 118657 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation uzbekistan fax "[7] (3712) 77-69-53" );; line 118659 (wfb::source-text flag uzbekistan "three equal horizontal bands of blue (top), white, and green separated by red fimbriations with a crescent moon and 12 stars in the upper hoist-side quadrant" );; line 118663 (wfb::source-text overview uzbekistan "Uzbekistan is a dry, landlocked country of which 10% consists of intensely cultivated, irrigated river valleys. It is one of the poorest states of the former USSR with 60% of its population living in overpopulated rural communities. Nevertheless, Uzbekistan is the world's third largest cotton exporter, a major producer of gold and natural gas, and a regionally significant producer of chemicals and machinery. Since independence, the government has sought to prop up the Soviet-style command economy with subsidies and tight controls on prices and production. Such policies have buffered the economy from the sharp declines in output and high inflation experienced by many other former Soviet republics. They had become increasingly unsustainable, however, as inflation moves along at 14% per month and as Russia has forced the Uzbek government to introduce its own currency. Faced with mounting economic problems, the government has begun to move on a reform agenda and cooperate with international financial institutions, announced an acceleration of privatization, and stepped up efforts to attract foreign investors. Nevertheless, the regime is likely to find it difficult to sustain its drive for economic reform." );; line 118670 (wfb::source-text national_product uzbekistan "GDP - purchasing power parity - $54.5 billion (1994 estimate as extrapolated from World Bank estimate for 1992)" );; line 118689 (wfb::source-text national_product_real_growth_rate uzbekistan "-4% (1994 est.)" );; line 118694 (wfb::source-text national_product_per_capita uzbekistan "$2,400 (1994 est.)" );; line 118698 (wfb::source-text |Inflation rate (consumer prices)| uzbekistan "14% per month (1994 est.)" );; line 118702 (wfb::source-text unemployment_rate uzbekistan "0.3% includes only officially registered unemployed; large numbers of underemployed workers (December 1994)" );; line 118706 (wfb::source-text budget uzbekistan revenues "$NA" );; line 118712 (wfb::source-text budget uzbekistan expenditures "$NA, including capital expenditures of $NA" );; line 118714 (wfb::source-text exports uzbekistan "$943.7 million to outside the FSU countries (1994)" );; line 118718 (wfb::source-text exports uzbekistan commodities "cotton, gold, natural gas, mineral fertilizers, ferrous metals, textiles, food products" );; line 118720 (wfb::source-text exports uzbekistan partners "Russia, Ukraine, Eastern Europe, US" );; line 118723 (wfb::source-text imports uzbekistan "$1.15 billion from outside the FSU countries (1994)" );; line 118727 (wfb::source-text imports uzbekistan commodities "grain, machinery and parts, consumer durables, other foods" );; line 118729 (wfb::source-text imports uzbekistan partners "principally other FSU countries, Czech Republic" );; line 118731 (wfb::source-text external_debt uzbekistan "$NA" );; line 118735 (wfb::source-text industrial_production uzbekistan "growth rate 1% (1994 est.)" );; line 118739 (wfb::source-text electricity uzbekistan capacity "11,690,000 kW" );; line 118744 (wfb::source-text electricity uzbekistan production "47.5 billion kWh" );; line 118746 (wfb::source-text electricity uzbekistan consumption_per_capita "2,130 kWh (1994)" );; line 118748 (wfb::source-text industry uzbekistan "textiles, food processing, machine building, metallurgy, natural gas" );; line 118752 (wfb::source-text agriculture uzbekistan "cotton, vegetables, fruits, grain, livestock" );; line 118757 (wfb::source-text illicit_drugs uzbekistan "illicit cultivator of cannabis and opium poppy; mostly for CIS consumption; limited government eradication programs; used as transshipment point for illicit drugs to Western Europe" );; line 118761 (wfb::source-text economic_aid uzbekistan recipient "the IMF has established a Systemic Transformation Facility of $74 million and the World Bank has made a rehabilitation loan of $160 million with other project loans pending; estimated annual external financing requirements for 1995-96 of $600 million to $700 million" );; line 118768 (wfb::source-text currency uzbekistan "introduced provisional som-coupons 10 November 1993 which circulated parallel to the Russian rubles; became the sole legal currency 31 January 1994; was replaced in July 1994 by the som currency" );; line 118775 (wfb::source-text exchange_rates uzbekistan "soms per US$1 - 25 (yearend 1994)" );; line 118781 (wfb::source-text fiscal_year uzbekistan "calendar year" );; line 118785 (wfb::source-text railroads uzbekistan total "3,460 km in common carrier service; does not include industrial lines" );; line 118791 (wfb::source-text railroads uzbekistan broad_gauge "3,460 km 1.520-m gauge (1990)" );; line 118794 (wfb::source-text highways uzbekistan total "78,400 km" );; line 118799 (wfb::source-text highways uzbekistan paved_and_graveled "67,000 km" );; line 118801 (wfb::source-text highways uzbekistan unpaved "earth 11,400 km (1990)" );; line 118803 (wfb::source-text pipelines uzbekistan "crude oil 250 km; petroleum products 40 km; natural gas 810 km (1992)" );; line 118807 (wfb::source-text port uzbekistan "Termiz" );; line 118812 (wfb::source-text airports uzbekistan total "261" );; line 118817 (wfb::source-text airports uzbekistan |with paved runways over 3,047 m| "6" );; line 118819 (wfb::source-text airports uzbekistan |with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m| "14" );; line 118821 (wfb::source-text airports uzbekistan |with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m| "2" );; line 118823 (wfb::source-text airports uzbekistan |with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m| "8" );; line 118825 (wfb::source-text airports uzbekistan with_paved_runways_under_914_m "5" );; line 118827 (wfb::source-text airports uzbekistan |with unpaved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m| "2" );; line 118829 (wfb::source-text airports uzbekistan |with unpaved runways 1,524 to 2,438 m| "1" );; line 118831 (wfb::source-text airports uzbekistan |with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m| "7" );; line 118833 (wfb::source-text airports uzbekistan with_unpaved_runways_under_914_m "216" );; line 118835 (wfb::source-text telephone_system uzbekistan "1,458,000 telephones; 63 telephones/1,000 persons (1995); poorly developed" );; line 118840 (wfb::source-text telephone_system uzbekistan local "NMT-450 analog cellular network established in Tashkent" );; line 118843 (wfb::source-text telephone_system uzbekistan intercity "NA" );; line 118845 (wfb::source-text telephone_system uzbekistan international "linked by landline or microwave with CIS member states and by leased connection via the Moscow international gateway switch to other countries; new INTELSAT links to Tokyo and Ankara give Uzbekistan international access independent of Russian facilities; Orbita and INTELSAT earth stations" );; line 118847 (wfb::source-text radio uzbekistan broadcast_stations "AM NA, FM NA, shortwave NA" );; line 118855 (wfb::source-text radio uzbekistan radios "NA" );; line 118857 (wfb::source-text television uzbekistan broadcast_stations "NA" );; line 118862 (wfb::source-text television uzbekistan televisions "NA" );; line 118864 (wfb::source-text defense_branch uzbekistan "Army, Air and Air Defense, Republic Security Forces (internal and border troops), National Guard" );; line 118870 (wfb::source-text manpower_availability uzbekistan "males age 15-49 5,567,580; males fit for military service 4,537,455; males reach military age (18) annually 222,506 (1995 est.)" );; line 118875 (wfb::source-text defense_expenditures uzbekistan "$NA, NA% of GDP" );; line 118880 (wfb::source-text location vanuatu "Oceania, group of islands in the South Pacific Ocean, about three-quarters of the way from Hawaii to Australia" );; line 118891 (wfb::source-text map_references vanuatu "Oceania" );; line 118896 (wfb::source-text area vanuatu total_area "14,760 sq km" );; line 118901 (wfb::source-text area vanuatu land_area "14,760 sq km" );; line 118903 (wfb::source-text area vanuatu comparative_area "slightly larger than Connecticut" );; line 118905 (wfb::source-text borders vanuatu "0 km" );; line 118911 (wfb::source-text coastline vanuatu "2,528 km" );; line 118915 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims vanuatu "measured from claimed archipelagic baselines" );; line 118919 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims vanuatu contiguous_zone "24 nm" );; line 118921 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims vanuatu continental_shelf "200 nm or to the edge of the continental margin" );; line 118923 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims vanuatu exclusive_economic_zone "200 nm" );; line 118925 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims vanuatu territorial_sea "12 nm" );; line 118927 (wfb::source-text international_disputes vanuatu "none" );; line 118931 (wfb::source-text climate vanuatu "tropical; moderated by southeast trade winds" );; line 118935 (wfb::source-text terrain vanuatu "mostly mountains of volcanic origin; narrow coastal plains" );; line 118939 (wfb::source-text natural-resource vanuatu "manganese, hardwood forests, fish" );; line 118943 (wfb::source-text land_use vanuatu arable_land "1%" );; line 118948 (wfb::source-text land_use vanuatu permanent_crops "5%" );; line 118950 (wfb::source-text land_use vanuatu meadows_and_pastures "2%" );; line 118952 (wfb::source-text land_use vanuatu forest_and_woodland "1%" );; line 118954 (wfb::source-text land_use vanuatu other "91%" );; line 118956 (wfb::source-text irrigated_land vanuatu "NA sq km" );; line 118960 (wfb::source-text environment vanuatu current_issues "a majority of the population does not have access to a potable and reliable supply of water" );; line 118965 (wfb::source-text environment vanuatu natural_hazards "tropical cyclones or typhoons (January to April); volcanism causes minor earthquakes" );; line 118968 (wfb::source-text environment vanuatu international_agreements "party to - Biodiversity, Climate Change, Endangered Species, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution; signed, but not ratified - Law of the Sea" );; line 118971 (wfb::source-text population vanuatu "173,648 (July 1995 est.)" );; line 118979 (wfb::source-text age_structure vanuatu 0-14_years "41% (female 34,819; male 36,128)" );; line 118984 (wfb::source-text age_structure vanuatu 15-64_years "56% (female 47,320; male 50,456)" );; line 118986 (wfb::source-text age_structure vanuatu 65_years_and_over "3% (female 2,217; male 2,708) (July 1995 est.)" );; line 118988 (wfb::source-text population_growth_rate vanuatu "2.22% (1995 est.)" );; line 118992 (wfb::source-text birth_rate vanuatu "31.26 births/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 118996 (wfb::source-text death_rate vanuatu "9.06 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 119000 (wfb::source-text net_migration_rate vanuatu "0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 119004 (wfb::source-text infant_mortality_rate vanuatu "66.3 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.)" );; line 119008 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth vanuatu total_population "59.71 years" );; line 119013 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth vanuatu male "57.9 years" );; line 119015 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth vanuatu female "61.61 years (1995 est.)" );; line 119017 (wfb::source-text total_fertility_rate vanuatu "4.14 children born/woman (1995 est.)" );; line 119021 (wfb::source-text nationality vanuatu noun "Ni-Vanuatu (singular and plural)" );; line 119026 (wfb::source-text nationality vanuatu adjective "Ni-Vanuatu" );; line 119028 (wfb::source-text ethnic-entity vanuatu "indigenous Melanesian 94%, French 4%, Vietnamese, Chinese, Pacific Islanders" );; line 119032 (wfb::source-text religion vanuatu "Presbyterian 36.7%, Anglican 15%, Catholic 15%, indigenous beliefs 7.6%, Seventh-Day Adventist 6.2%, Church of Christ 3.8%, other 15.7%" );; line 119037 (wfb::source-text language vanuatu "English (official), French (official), pidgin (known as Bislama or Bichelama)" );; line 119042 (wfb::source-text literacy vanuatu "age 15 and over can read and write (1979)" );; line 119047 (wfb::source-text literacy vanuatu total_population "53%" );; line 119049 (wfb::source-text literacy vanuatu male "57%" );; line 119051 (wfb::source-text literacy vanuatu female "48%" );; line 119053 (wfb::source-text total_labor_force vanuatu "NA" );; line 119057 (wfb::source-text labor_force_by_occupation vanuatu by_occupation "NA" );; line 119059 (wfb::source-text names vanuatu conventional_long_form "Republic of Vanuatu" );; line 119065 (wfb::source-text names vanuatu conventional_short_form "Vanuatu" );; line 119067 (wfb::source-text names vanuatu former "New Hebrides" );; line 119069 (wfb::source-text digraph vanuatu "NH" );; line 119073 (wfb::source-text type vanuatu "republic" );; line 119077 (wfb::source-text capital vanuatu "Port-Vila" );; line 119081 (wfb::source-text administrative_divisions vanuatu "6 provinces; Malampa, Penama, Sanma, Shefa, Tafea, Torba" );; line 119085 (wfb::source-text independence vanuatu "30 July 1980 (from France and UK)" );; line 119089 (wfb::source-text national_holiday vanuatu "Independence Day, 30 July (1980)" );; line 119093 (wfb::source-text constitution vanuatu "30 July 1980" );; line 119097 (wfb::source-text legal_system vanuatu "unified system being created from former dual French and British systems" );; line 119101 (wfb::source-text suffrage vanuatu "18 years of age; universal" );; line 119106 (wfb::source-text executive_branch vanuatu chief_of_state "President Jean Marie LEYE (since 2 March 1994)" );; line 119111 (wfb::source-text executive_branch vanuatu head_of_government "Prime Minister Maxime CARLOT Korman (since 16 December 1991); Deputy Prime Minister Sethy REGENVANU (since 17 December 1991)" );; line 119113 (wfb::source-text executive_branch vanuatu cabinet "Council of Ministers; appointed by the prime minister, responsible to parliament" );; line 119116 (wfb::source-text legislative_structure vanuatu "unicameral" );; line 119121 (wfb::source-text legislative_branch vanuatu parliament "elections last held 2 December 1991 (next to be held NA November 1995); note - after election, a coalition was formed by the Union of Moderate Parties and the National United Party to form a new government on 16 December 1991, but political party associations are fluid; results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (46 total) UMP 19, NUP 10, VP 10, MPP 4, TUP 1, Nagriamel 1, Friend 1" );; line 119123 (wfb::source-text judicial_branch vanuatu "Supreme Court" );; line 119135 (wfb::source-text political_parties_and_leaders vanuatu "Vanuatu Party (VP), Donald KALPOKAS; Union of Moderate Parties (UMP), Maxime CARLOT Korman; Melanesian Progressive Party (MPP), Barak SOPE; National United Party (NUP), Walter LINI; Tan Union Party (TUP), Vincent BOULEKONE; Nagriamel Party, Jimmy STEVENS; Friend Melanesian Party, leader NA; People's Democratic Party (PDP), Sethy REGENVANU" );; line 119139 (wfb::source-text member_of vanuatu "ACCT, ACP, AsDB, C, ESCAP, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFC, IFRCS (associate), IMF, IMO, INTELSAT (nonsignatory user), IOC, ITU, NAM, SPARTECA, SPC, SPF, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WHO, WMO" );; line 119150 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us vanuatu "Vanuatu does not have a mission in the US" );; line 119156 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation vanuatu "the ambassador to Papua New Guinea is accredited to Vanuatu" );; line 119160 (wfb::source-text flag vanuatu "two equal horizontal bands of red (top) and green with a black isosceles triangle (based on the hoist side) all separated by a black-edged yellow stripe in the shape of a horizontal Y (the two points of the Y face the hoist side and enclose the triangle); centered in the triangle is a boar's tusk encircling two crossed namele leaves, all in yellow" );; line 119164 (wfb::source-text overview vanuatu "The economy is based primarily on subsistence farming which provides a living for about 80% of the population. Fishing and tourism are the other mainstays of the economy, with 43,000 visitors in 1992. Mineral deposits are negligible; the country has no known petroleum deposits. A small light industry sector caters to the local market. Tax revenues come mainly from import duties." );; line 119173 (wfb::source-text national_product vanuatu "GDP - purchasing power parity - $200 million (1993 est.)" );; line 119182 (wfb::source-text national_product_real_growth_rate vanuatu "NA%" );; line 119186 (wfb::source-text national_product_per_capita vanuatu "$1,200 (1993 est.)" );; line 119190 (wfb::source-text |Inflation rate (consumer prices)| vanuatu "2.3% (1992 est.)" );; line 119194 (wfb::source-text unemployment_rate vanuatu "NA%" );; line 119198 (wfb::source-text budget vanuatu revenues "$90 million" );; line 119203 (wfb::source-text budget vanuatu expenditures "$103 million, including capital expenditures of $45 million (1989 est.)" );; line 119205 (wfb::source-text exports vanuatu "$14.9 million (f.o.b., 1991)" );; line 119210 (wfb::source-text exports vanuatu commodities "copra, beef, cocoa, timber, coffee" );; line 119212 (wfb::source-text exports vanuatu partners "Netherlands, Japan, France, New Caledonia, Belgium" );; line 119214 (wfb::source-text imports vanuatu "$74 million (f.o.b., 1991)" );; line 119218 (wfb::source-text imports vanuatu commodities "machines and vehicles, food and beverages, basic manufactures, raw materials and fuels, chemicals" );; line 119220 (wfb::source-text imports vanuatu partners "Australia 36%, Japan 13%, NZ 10%, France 8%, Fiji 8%" );; line 119223 (wfb::source-text external_debt vanuatu "$40 million (yearend 1992)" );; line 119227 (wfb::source-text industrial_production vanuatu "growth rate 8.1% (1990); accounts for about 10% of GDP" );; line 119231 (wfb::source-text electricity vanuatu capacity "17,000 kW" );; line 119236 (wfb::source-text electricity vanuatu production "30 million kWh" );; line 119238 (wfb::source-text electricity vanuatu consumption_per_capita "181 kWh (1993)" );; line 119240 (wfb::source-text industry vanuatu "food and fish freezing, wood processing, meat canning" );; line 119244 (wfb::source-text agriculture vanuatu "export crops - coconuts, cocoa, coffee, fish; subsistence crops - taro, yams, coconuts, fruits, vegetables" );; line 119248 (wfb::source-text economic_aid vanuatu recipient "Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-89), $606 million" );; line 119254 (wfb::source-text currency vanuatu "1 vatu (VT) = 100 centimes" );; line 119259 (wfb::source-text exchange_rates vanuatu "vatu (VT) per US$1 - 112.42 (December 1994), 116.41 (1994), 121.58 (1993), 113.39 (1992), 111.68 (1991), 116.57 (1990)" );; line 119263 (wfb::source-text fiscal_year vanuatu "calendar year" );; line 119268 (wfb::source-text railroads vanuatu "0 km" );; line 119273 (wfb::source-text highways vanuatu total "1,027 km" );; line 119278 (wfb::source-text highways vanuatu paved "240 km" );; line 119280 (wfb::source-text highways vanuatu unpaved "787 km" );; line 119282 (wfb::source-text port vanuatu "Forari, Port-Vila, Santo (Espiritu Santo)" );; line 119286 (wfb::source-text merchant_marine vanuatu total "116 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 1,874,698 GRT/2,758,783 DWT" );; line 119291 (wfb::source-text merchant_marine vanuatu ships_by_type "bulk 52, cargo 18, chemical tanker 3, combination bulk 1, container 4, liquefied gas tanker 5, livestock carrier 1, oil tanker 5, refrigerated cargo 17, vehicle carrier 10" );; line 119294 (wfb::source-text airports vanuatu total "31" );; line 119305 (wfb::source-text airports vanuatu |with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m| "1" );; line 119307 (wfb::source-text airports vanuatu |with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m| "1" );; line 119309 (wfb::source-text airports vanuatu with_paved_runways_under_914_m "17" );; line 119311 (wfb::source-text airports vanuatu |with unpaved runways 1,524 to 2,438 m| "1" );; line 119313 (wfb::source-text airports vanuatu |with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m| "11" );; line 119315 (wfb::source-text telephone_system vanuatu "3,000 telephones" );; line 119320 (wfb::source-text telephone_system vanuatu local "NA" );; line 119322 (wfb::source-text telephone_system vanuatu intercity "NA" );; line 119324 (wfb::source-text telephone_system vanuatu international "1 INTELSAT (Pacific Ocean) earth station" );; line 119326 (wfb::source-text radio vanuatu broadcast_stations "AM 2, FM 0, shortwave 0" );; line 119331 (wfb::source-text radio vanuatu radios "NA" );; line 119333 (wfb::source-text television vanuatu broadcast_stations "0" );; line 119338 (wfb::source-text television vanuatu televisions "NA" );; line 119340 (wfb::source-text defense_branch vanuatu "no regular military forces; Vanuatu Police Force (VPF; includes the paramilitary Vanuatu Mobile Force or VMF)" );; line 119346 (wfb::source-text defense_expenditures vanuatu "$NA, NA% of GDP" );; line 119351 (wfb::source-text location venezuela "Northern South America, bordering the Caribbean Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean, between Colombia and Guyana" );; line 119361 (wfb::source-text map_references venezuela "South America" );; line 119366 (wfb::source-text area venezuela total_area "912,050 sq km" );; line 119371 (wfb::source-text area venezuela land_area "882,050 sq km" );; line 119373 (wfb::source-text area venezuela comparative_area "slightly more than twice the size of California" );; line 119375 (wfb::source-text borders venezuela "total 4,993 km, Brazil 2,200 km, Colombia 2,050 km, Guyana 743 km" );; line 119379 (wfb::source-text coastline venezuela "2,800 km" );; line 119384 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims venezuela contiguous_zone "15 nm" );; line 119389 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims venezuela continental_shelf "200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation" );; line 119391 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims venezuela exclusive_economic_zone "200 nm" );; line 119393 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims venezuela territorial_sea "12 nm" );; line 119395 (wfb::source-text international_disputes venezuela "claims all of Guyana west of the Essequibo River; maritime boundary dispute with Colombia in the Gulf of Venezuela" );; line 119399 (wfb::source-text climate venezuela "tropical; hot, humid; more moderate in highlands" );; line 119404 (wfb::source-text terrain venezuela "Andes Mountains and Maracaibo Lowlands in northwest; central plains (llanos); Guiana Highlands in southeast" );; line 119408 (wfb::source-text natural-resource venezuela "petroleum, natural gas, iron ore, gold, bauxite, other minerals, hydropower, diamonds" );; line 119413 (wfb::source-text land_use venezuela arable_land "3%" );; line 119419 (wfb::source-text land_use venezuela permanent_crops "1%" );; line 119421 (wfb::source-text land_use venezuela meadows_and_pastures "20%" );; line 119423 (wfb::source-text land_use venezuela forest_and_woodland "39%" );; line 119425 (wfb::source-text land_use venezuela other "37%" );; line 119427 (wfb::source-text irrigated_land venezuela "2,640 sq km (1989 est.)" );; line 119431 (wfb::source-text environment venezuela current_issues "sewage pollution of Lago de Valencia; oil and urban pollution of Lago de Maracaibo; deforestation; soil degradation; urban and industrial pollution, especially along the Caribbean coast" );; line 119436 (wfb::source-text environment venezuela natural_hazards "subject to floods, rockslides, mudslides; periodic droughts" );; line 119440 (wfb::source-text environment venezuela international_agreements "party to - Biodiversity, Climate Change, Endangered Species, Marine Life Conservation, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands, Whaling; signed, but not ratified - Hazardous Wastes, Marine Dumping" );; line 119442 (wfb::source-text note venezuela "on major sea and air routes linking North and South America" );; line 119449 (wfb::source-text population venezuela "21,004,773 (July 1995 est.)" );; line 119455 (wfb::source-text age_structure venezuela 0-14_years "35% (female 3,650,705; male 3,795,032)" );; line 119460 (wfb::source-text age_structure venezuela 15-64_years "60% (female 6,350,466; male 6,313,887)" );; line 119462 (wfb::source-text age_structure venezuela 65_years_and_over "5% (female 486,020; male 408,663) (July 1995 est.)" );; line 119464 (wfb::source-text population_growth_rate venezuela "2.1% (1995 est.)" );; line 119468 (wfb::source-text birth_rate venezuela "25.11 births/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 119472 (wfb::source-text death_rate venezuela "4.57 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 119476 (wfb::source-text net_migration_rate venezuela "0.46 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 119480 (wfb::source-text infant_mortality_rate venezuela "26.5 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.)" );; line 119484 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth venezuela total_population "73.31 years" );; line 119489 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth venezuela male "70.48 years" );; line 119491 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth venezuela female "76.29 years (1995 est.)" );; line 119493 (wfb::source-text total_fertility_rate venezuela "2.97 children born/woman (1995 est.)" );; line 119497 (wfb::source-text nationality venezuela noun "Venezuelan(s)" );; line 119502 (wfb::source-text nationality venezuela adjective "Venezuelan" );; line 119504 (wfb::source-text ethnic-entity venezuela "mestizo 67%, white 21%, black 10%, Amerindian 2%" );; line 119508 (wfb::source-text religion venezuela "nominally Roman Catholic 96%, Protestant 2%" );; line 119512 (wfb::source-text language venezuela "Spanish (official), native dialects spoken by about 200,000 Amerindians in the remote interior" );; line 119516 (wfb::source-text literacy venezuela "age 15 and over can read and write (1990)" );; line 119521 (wfb::source-text literacy venezuela total_population "90%" );; line 119523 (wfb::source-text literacy venezuela male "91%" );; line 119525 (wfb::source-text literacy venezuela female "89%" );; line 119527 (wfb::source-text total_labor_force venezuela "7.6 million" );; line 119531 (wfb::source-text labor_force_by_occupation venezuela by_occupation "services 63%, industry 25%, agriculture 12% (1993)" );; line 119533 (wfb::source-text names venezuela conventional_long_form "Republic of Venezuela" );; line 119539 (wfb::source-text names venezuela conventional_short_form "Venezuela" );; line 119541 (wfb::source-text names venezuela local_long_form "Republica de Venezuela" );; line 119543 (wfb::source-text names venezuela local_short_form "Venezuela" );; line 119545 (wfb::source-text digraph venezuela "VE" );; line 119549 (wfb::source-text type venezuela "republic" );; line 119553 (wfb::source-text capital venezuela "Caracas" );; line 119557 (wfb::source-text administrative_divisions venezuela "21 states (estados, singular - estado), 1 territory* (territorio), 1 federal district** (distrito federal), and 1 federal dependency*** (dependencia federal); Amazonas*, Anzoategui, Apure, Aragua, Barinas, Bolivar, Carabobo, Cojedes, Delta Amacuro, Dependencias Federales***, Distrito Federal**, Falcon, Guarico, Lara, Merida, Miranda, Monagas, Nueva Esparta, Portuguesa, Sucre, Tachira, Trujillo, Yaracuy, Zulia" );; line 119561 (wfb::source-text independence venezuela "5 July 1811 (from Spain)" );; line 119573 (wfb::source-text national_holiday venezuela "Independence Day, 5 July (1811)" );; line 119577 (wfb::source-text constitution venezuela "23 January 1961" );; line 119581 (wfb::source-text legal_system venezuela "based on Napoleonic code; judicial review of legislative acts in Cassation Court only; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction" );; line 119585 (wfb::source-text suffrage venezuela "18 years of age; universal" );; line 119590 (wfb::source-text executive_branch venezuela chief_of_state_and_head_of_government "President Rafael CALDERA Rodriguez (since 2 February 1994); election last held 5 December 1993 (next to be held NA December 1998); results - Rafael CALDERA (National Convergence) 30.45%, Claudio FERMIN (AD) 23.59%, Oswaldo ALVAREZ PAZ (COPEI) 22.72%, Andres VELASQUEZ (Causa R) 21.94%, other 1.3%" );; line 119595 (wfb::source-text executive_branch venezuela cabinet "Council of Ministers; appointed by the president" );; line 119601 (wfb::source-text legislative_structure venezuela "bicameral Congress of the Republic (Congreso de la Republica)" );; line 119605 (wfb::source-text legislative_branch venezuela |Senate (Senado)| "elections last held 5 December 1993 (next to be held NA December 1998); results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (53 total) AD 18, COPEI 15, Causa R 9, MAS 5, National Convergence 6; note - 3 former presidents (2 from AD, 1 from COPEI) hold lifetime senate seats" );; line 119607 (wfb::source-text legislative_branch venezuela |Chamber of Deputies (Camara de Diputados)| "elections last held 5 December 1993 (next to be held NA December 1998); results - AD 27.9%, COPEI 26.9%, MAS 12.4%, National Convergence 12.9%, Causa R 19.9%; seats - (203 total) AD 55, COPEI 53, MAS 24, National Convergence 26, Causa R 40, other 5" );; line 119612 (wfb::source-text judicial_branch venezuela "Supreme Court of Justice (Corte Suprema de Justicia) Roberto YEPES, President" );; line 119619 (wfb::source-text political_parties_and_leaders venezuela "National Convergence (Convergencia), Jose Miguel UZCATEGUI, president, Juan Jose CALDERA, national coordinator; Social Christian Party (COPEI), Luis HERRERA Campins, president, and Donald RAMIREZ, secretary general; Democratic Action (AD), Pedro PARIS Montesinos, president, and Luis ALFARO Ucero, secretary general; Movement Toward Socialism (MAS), Gustavo MARQUEZ, president, and Enrique OCHOA Antich, secretary general; Radical Cause (La Causa R), Pablo MEDINA, secretary general" );; line 119624 (wfb::source-text other_political_or_pressure_groups venezuela "FEDECAMARAS, a conservative business group; Venezuelan Confederation of Workers (CTV, labor organization dominated by the Democratic Action); VECINOS groups" );; line 119634 (wfb::source-text member_of venezuela "AG, BCIE, CARICOM (observer), CDB, CG, ECLAC, FAO, G-11, G-15, G-19, G-24, G-77, GATT, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, ICRM, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, LAES, LAIA, MINURSO, NAM, OAS, ONUSAL, OPANAL, OPEC, PCA, RG, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIKOM, UNMIH, UNPROFOR, UNU, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO" );; line 119640 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us venezuela chief_of_mission "Ambassador Pedro Luis ECHEVERRIA" );; line 119649 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us venezuela chancery "1099 30th Street NW, Washington, DC 20007" );; line 119651 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us venezuela telephone "[1] (202) 342-2214" );; line 119653 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us venezuela |consulate(s) general| "Boston, Chicago, Houston, Miami, New Orleans, New York, San Francisco, and San Juan (Puerto Rico)" );; line 119655 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation venezuela chief_of_mission "Ambassador Jeffrey DAVIDOW" );; line 119661 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation venezuela embassy "Avenida Francisco de Miranda and Avenida Principal de la Floresta, Caracas" );; line 119663 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation venezuela mailing_address "P. O. Box 62291, Caracas 1060-A; APO AA 34037" );; line 119666 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation venezuela telephone "[58] (2) 285-2222, 3111" );; line 119668 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation venezuela fax "[58] (2) 285-0366" );; line 119670 (wfb::source-text flag venezuela "three equal horizontal bands of yellow (top), blue, and red with the coat of arms on the hoist side of the yellow band and an arc of seven white five-pointed stars centered in the blue band" );; line 119674 (wfb::source-text overview venezuela "Despite efforts to broaden the base of the economy, petroleum continues to play a dominant role. In 1994, as GDP declined 3.3%, the oil sector - which accounts for 24% of the total - enjoyed a 6% expansion, provided 45% of the budget revenues, and generated 70% of the export earnings. President CALDERA, who assumed office in February 1994, has used an interventionist, reactive approach to managing the economy, instituting price and foreign exchange controls in mid-year to slow inflation and stop the loss of foreign exchange reserves. The government claims it will remove these controls once inflationary pressures abate, but the $8 billion bailout of the banking sector in 1994 has made it difficult for the government to make good on its promise. Economic controls, coupled with political uncertainty driven by recurrent coup rumors, continue to deter foreign and domestic investment; private forecasters see the recession persisting for a third year in 1995." );; line 119681 (wfb::source-text national_product venezuela "GDP - purchasing power parity - $178.3 billion (1994 est.)" );; line 119697 (wfb::source-text national_product_real_growth_rate venezuela "-3.3% (1994 est.)" );; line 119701 (wfb::source-text national_product_per_capita venezuela "$8,670 (1994 est.)" );; line 119705 (wfb::source-text |Inflation rate (consumer prices)| venezuela "71% (1994 est.)" );; line 119709 (wfb::source-text unemployment_rate venezuela "9% (1994 est.)" );; line 119713 (wfb::source-text budget venezuela revenues "$10.3 billion" );; line 119718 (wfb::source-text budget venezuela expenditures "$14.6 billion, including capital expenditures of $103 million (1994 est.)" );; line 119720 (wfb::source-text exports venezuela "$15.2 billion (f.o.b., 1994 est.)" );; line 119725 (wfb::source-text exports venezuela commodities "petroleum 72%, bauxite and aluminum, steel, chemicals, agricultural products, basic manufactures" );; line 119727 (wfb::source-text exports venezuela partners "US and Puerto Rico 55%, Japan, Netherlands, Italy" );; line 119730 (wfb::source-text imports venezuela "$7.6 billion (f.o.b., 1994 est.)" );; line 119734 (wfb::source-text imports venezuela commodities "raw materials, machinery and equipment, transport equipment, construction materials" );; line 119736 (wfb::source-text imports venezuela partners "US 40%, Germany, Japan, Netherlands, Canada" );; line 119739 (wfb::source-text external_debt venezuela "$40.1 billion (1994)" );; line 119743 (wfb::source-text industrial_production venezuela "growth rate -1.4% (1993 est.); accounts for 41% of GDP" );; line 119747 (wfb::source-text electricity venezuela capacity "18,740,000 kW" );; line 119752 (wfb::source-text electricity venezuela production "72 billion kWh" );; line 119754 (wfb::source-text electricity venezuela consumption_per_capita "3,311 kWh (1993)" );; line 119756 (wfb::source-text industry venezuela "petroleum, iron-ore mining, construction materials, food processing, textiles, steel, aluminum, motor vehicle assembly" );; line 119760 (wfb::source-text agriculture venezuela "accounts for 6% of GDP; products - corn, sorghum, sugarcane, rice, bananas, vegetables, coffee, beef, pork, milk, eggs, fish; not self-sufficient in food other than meat" );; line 119765 (wfb::source-text illicit_drugs venezuela "illicit producer of cannabis, opium, and coca leaf for the international drug trade on a small scale; however, large quantities of cocaine and heroin transit the country from Colombia; important money-laundering hub" );; line 119771 (wfb::source-text economic_aid venezuela recipient "US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-86), $488 million; Communist countries (1970-89), $10 million" );; line 119778 (wfb::source-text currency venezuela "1 bolivar (Bs) = 100 centimos" );; line 119783 (wfb::source-text exchange_rates venezuela "bolivares (Bs) per US$1 - 169.570 (January 1995), 148.503 (1994), 90.826 (1993), 68.38 (1992), 56.82 (1991), 46.90 (1990)" );; line 119787 (wfb::source-text fiscal_year venezuela "calendar year" );; line 119792 (wfb::source-text railroads venezuela total "542 km (363 km single track; 179 km privately owned)" );; line 119798 (wfb::source-text railroads venezuela standard_gauge "542 km 1.435-m gauge" );; line 119800 (wfb::source-text highways venezuela total "81,000 km" );; line 119805 (wfb::source-text highways venezuela paved "31,200 km" );; line 119807 (wfb::source-text highways venezuela unpaved "gravel 24,800 km; earth and unimproved earth 25,000 km" );; line 119809 (wfb::source-text inland_waterways venezuela "7,100 km; Rio Orinoco and Lago de Maracaibo accept oceangoing vessels" );; line 119813 (wfb::source-text pipelines venezuela "crude oil 6,370 km; petroleum products 480 km; natural gas 4,010 km" );; line 119818 (wfb::source-text port venezuela "Amuay, Bajo Grande, El Tablazo, La Guaira, La Salina, Maracaibo, Matanzas, Palua, Puerto Cabello, Puerto la Cruz, Puerto Ordaz, Puerto Sucre, Punta Cardon" );; line 119823 (wfb::source-text merchant_marine venezuela total "39 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 686,811 GRT/1,110,829 DWT" );; line 119830 (wfb::source-text merchant_marine venezuela ships_by_type "bulk 4, cargo 11, combination bulk 1, liquefied gas tanker 2, oil tanker 15, passenger-cargo 1, roll-on/roll-off cargo 4, short-sea passenger 1" );; line 119832 (wfb::source-text airports venezuela total "431" );; line 119839 (wfb::source-text airports venezuela |with paved runways over 3,047 m| "4" );; line 119841 (wfb::source-text airports venezuela |with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m| "11" );; line 119843 (wfb::source-text airports venezuela |with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m| "34" );; line 119845 (wfb::source-text airports venezuela |with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m| "65" );; line 119847 (wfb::source-text airports venezuela with_paved_runways_under_914_m "191" );; line 119849 (wfb::source-text airports venezuela |with unpaved runways 1,524 to 2,438 m| "12" );; line 119851 (wfb::source-text airports venezuela |with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m| "114" );; line 119853 (wfb::source-text telephone_system venezuela "1,440,000 telephones; modern and expanding" );; line 119858 (wfb::source-text telephone_system venezuela local "NA" );; line 119860 (wfb::source-text telephone_system venezuela intercity "3 domestic satellite earth stations" );; line 119862 (wfb::source-text telephone_system venezuela international "3 submarine coaxial cables; 1 INTELSAT (Atlantic Ocean) earth station" );; line 119864 (wfb::source-text radio venezuela broadcast_stations "AM 181, FM 0, shortwave 26" );; line 119870 (wfb::source-text radio venezuela radios "NA" );; line 119872 (wfb::source-text television venezuela broadcast_stations "59" );; line 119877 (wfb::source-text television venezuela televisions "NA" );; line 119879 (wfb::source-text defense_branch venezuela "National Armed Forces (Fuerzas Armadas Nacionales or FAN) includes Ground Forces or Army (Fuerzas Terrestres or Ejercito), Naval Forces (Fuerzas Navales or Armada), Air Force (Fuerzas Aereas or Aviacion), Armed Forces of Cooperation or National Guard (Fuerzas Armadas de Cooperation or Guardia Nacional)" );; line 119885 (wfb::source-text manpower_availability venezuela "males age 15-49 5,491,524; males fit for military service 3,981,190; males reach military age (18) annually 227,292 (1995 est.)" );; line 119892 (wfb::source-text defense_expenditures venezuela "exchange rate conversion - $1.95 billion, 4% of GDP (1991)" );; line 119897 (wfb::source-text location vietnam "Southeastern Asia, bordering the Gulf of Thailand, Gulf of Tonkin, and South China Sea, between China and Cambodia" );; line 119907 (wfb::source-text map_references vietnam "Southeast Asia" );; line 119912 (wfb::source-text area vietnam total_area "329,560 sq km" );; line 119917 (wfb::source-text area vietnam land_area "325,360 sq km" );; line 119919 (wfb::source-text area vietnam comparative_area "slightly larger than New Mexico" );; line 119921 (wfb::source-text borders vietnam "total 3,818 km, Cambodia 982 km, China 1,281 km, Laos 1,555 km" );; line 119925 (wfb::source-text coastline vietnam "3,444 km (excludes islands)" );; line 119929 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims vietnam contiguous_zone "24 nm" );; line 119934 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims vietnam continental_shelf "200 nm or to the edge of the continental margin" );; line 119936 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims vietnam exclusive_economic_zone "200 nm" );; line 119938 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims vietnam territorial_sea "12 nm" );; line 119940 (wfb::source-text international_disputes vietnam "maritime boundary with Cambodia not defined; involved in a complex dispute over the Spratly Islands with China, Malaysia, Philippines, Taiwan, and possibly Brunei; unresolved maritime boundary with Thailand; maritime boundary dispute with China in the Gulf of Tonkin; Paracel Islands occupied by China but claimed by Vietnam and Taiwan" );; line 119944 (wfb::source-text climate vietnam "tropical in south; monsoonal in north with hot, rainy season (mid-May to mid-September) and warm, dry season (mid-October to mid-March)" );; line 119952 (wfb::source-text terrain vietnam "low, flat delta in south and north; central highlands; hilly, mountainous in far north and northwest" );; line 119957 (wfb::source-text natural-resource vietnam "phosphates, coal, manganese, bauxite, chromate, offshore oil deposits, forests" );; line 119962 (wfb::source-text land_use vietnam arable_land "22%" );; line 119968 (wfb::source-text land_use vietnam permanent_crops "2%" );; line 119970 (wfb::source-text land_use vietnam meadows_and_pastures "1%" );; line 119972 (wfb::source-text land_use vietnam forest_and_woodland "40%" );; line 119974 (wfb::source-text land_use vietnam other "35%" );; line 119976 (wfb::source-text irrigated_land vietnam "18,300 sq km (1989 est.)" );; line 119980 (wfb::source-text environment vietnam current_issues "logging and slash-and-burn agricultural practices are contributing to deforestation; soil degradation; water pollution and overfishing threatening marine life populations; inadequate supplies of potable water because of groundwater contamination" );; line 119985 (wfb::source-text environment vietnam natural_hazards "occasional typhoons (May to January) with extensive flooding" );; line 119990 (wfb::source-text environment vietnam international_agreements "party to - Biodiversity, Climate Change, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands; signed, but not ratified - Nuclear Test Ban" );; line 119992 (wfb::source-text population vietnam "74,393,324 (July 1995 est.)" );; line 120000 (wfb::source-text age_structure vietnam 0-14_years "36% (female 13,225,916; male 13,918,321)" );; line 120005 (wfb::source-text age_structure vietnam 15-64_years "59% (female 22,353,710; male 21,223,739)" );; line 120007 (wfb::source-text age_structure vietnam 65_years_and_over "5% (female 2,236,453; male 1,435,185) (July 1995 est.)" );; line 120009 (wfb::source-text population_growth_rate vietnam "1.71% (1995 est.)" );; line 120013 (wfb::source-text birth_rate vietnam "26.25 births/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 120017 (wfb::source-text death_rate vietnam "7.6 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 120021 (wfb::source-text net_migration_rate vietnam "-1.51 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 120025 (wfb::source-text infant_mortality_rate vietnam "44.6 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.)" );; line 120029 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth vietnam total_population "65.72 years" );; line 120034 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth vietnam male "63.66 years" );; line 120036 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth vietnam female "67.91 years (1995 est.)" );; line 120038 (wfb::source-text total_fertility_rate vietnam "3.21 children born/woman (1995 est.)" );; line 120042 (wfb::source-text nationality vietnam noun "Vietnamese (singular and plural)" );; line 120047 (wfb::source-text nationality vietnam adjective "Vietnamese" );; line 120049 (wfb::source-text ethnic-entity vietnam "Vietnamese 85%-90%, Chinese 3%, Muong, Thai, Meo, Khmer, Man, Cham" );; line 120053 (wfb::source-text religion vietnam "Buddhist, Taoist, Roman Catholic, indigenous beliefs, Islam, Protestant" );; line 120058 (wfb::source-text language vietnam "Vietnamese (official), French, Chinese, English, Khmer, tribal languages (Mon-Khmer and Malayo-Polynesian)" );; line 120063 (wfb::source-text literacy vietnam "age 15 and over can read and write (1989)" );; line 120068 (wfb::source-text literacy vietnam total_population "88%" );; line 120070 (wfb::source-text literacy vietnam male "93%" );; line 120072 (wfb::source-text literacy vietnam female "83%" );; line 120074 (wfb::source-text total_labor_force vietnam "32.7 million" );; line 120078 (wfb::source-text labor_force_by_occupation vietnam by_occupation "agricultural 65%, industrial and service 35% (1990 est.)" );; line 120080 (wfb::source-text names vietnam conventional_long_form "Socialist Republic of Vietnam" );; line 120086 (wfb::source-text names vietnam conventional_short_form "Vietnam" );; line 120088 (wfb::source-text names vietnam local_long_form "Cong Hoa Chu Nghia Viet Nam" );; line 120090 (wfb::source-text names vietnam local_short_form "Viet Nam" );; line 120092 (wfb::source-text abbreviation vietnam "SRV" );; line 120096 (wfb::source-text digraph vietnam "VM" );; line 120100 (wfb::source-text type vietnam "Communist state" );; line 120104 (wfb::source-text capital vietnam "Hanoi" );; line 120108 (wfb::source-text administrative_divisions vietnam "50 provinces (tinh, singular and plural), 3 municipalities* (thu do, singular and plural); An Giang, Ba Ria-Vung Tau, Bac Thai, Ben Tre, Binh Dinh, Binh Thuan, Can Tho, Cao Bang, Dac Lac, Dong Nai, Dong Thap, Gia Lai, Ha Bac, Ha Giang, Ha Noi*, Ha Tay, Ha Tinh, Hai Hung, Hai Phong*, Ho Chi Minh*, Hoa Binh, Khanh Hoa, Kien Giang, Kon Tum, Lai Chau, Lam Dong, Lang Son, Lao Cai, Long An, Minh Hai, Nam Ha, Nghe An, Ninh Binh, Ninh Thuan, Phu Yen, Quang Binh, Quang Nam-Da Nang, Quang Ngai, Quang Ninh, Quang Tri, Soc Trang, Son La, Song Be, Tay Ninh, Thai Binh, Thanh Hoa, Thua Thien-Hue, Tien Giang, Tra Vinh, Tuyen Quang, Vinh Long, Vinh Phu, Yen Bai" );; line 120112 (wfb::source-text independence vietnam "2 September 1945 (from France)" );; line 120124 (wfb::source-text national_holiday vietnam "Independence Day, 2 September (1945)" );; line 120128 (wfb::source-text constitution vietnam "15 April 1992" );; line 120132 (wfb::source-text legal_system vietnam "based on Communist legal theory and French civil law system" );; line 120136 (wfb::source-text suffrage vietnam "18 years of age; universal" );; line 120140 (wfb::source-text executive_branch vietnam chief_of_state "President Le Duc ANH (since 23 September 1992)" );; line 120145 (wfb::source-text executive_branch vietnam head_of_government "Prime Minister Vo Van KIET (since 9 August 1991); First Deputy Prime Minister Phan Van KHAI (since 10 August 1991); Deputy Prime Minister Nguyen KHANH (since NA February 1987); Deputy Prime Minister Tran Duc LUONG (since NA February 1987)" );; line 120147 (wfb::source-text executive_branch vietnam cabinet "Cabinet; appointed by the president on proposal of the prime minister and ratification of the Assembly" );; line 120152 (wfb::source-text legislative_structure vietnam "unicameral" );; line 120157 (wfb::source-text legislative_branch vietnam |National Assembly (Quoc-Hoi)| "elections last held 19 July 1992 (next to be held NA July 1997); results - VCP is the only party; seats - (395 total) VCP or VCP-approved 395" );; line 120159 (wfb::source-text judicial_branch vietnam "Supreme People's Court" );; line 120164 (wfb::source-text political_parties_and_leaders vietnam "only party - Vietnam Communist Party (VCP), DO MUOI, general secretary" );; line 120168 (wfb::source-text member_of vietnam "ACCT, AsDB, ASEAN (observer), CCC, ESCAP, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, IOM (observer), ISO, ITU, NAM, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO" );; line 120173 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us vietnam chief_of_mission "Liaison Officer Le Van BANG" );; line 120181 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us vietnam liaison_office "address NA, Washington, DC" );; line 120183 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us vietnam mailing_address "NA" );; line 120185 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us vietnam telephone "NA" );; line 120187 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us vietnam fax "NA" );; line 120189 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation vietnam chief_of_mission "Liaison Officer James HALL" );; line 120198 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation vietnam liaison_office "address NA, Hanoi" );; line 120200 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation vietnam mailing_address "NA" );; line 120202 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation vietnam telephone "NA" );; line 120204 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation vietnam fax "NA" );; line 120206 (wfb::source-text flag vietnam "red with a large yellow five-pointed star in the center" );; line 120214 (wfb::source-text overview vietnam "Vietnam has made significant progress in recent years moving away from the planned economic model toward a more effective market-based economic system. Most prices are now fully decontrolled, and the Vietnamese currency has been effectively devalued and floated at world market rates. In addition, the scope for private sector activity has been expanded, primarily through decollectivization of the agricultural sector and introduction of laws giving legal recognition to private business. Nearly three-quarters of export earnings are generated by only two commodities, rice and crude oil. Led by industry and construction, the economy did well in 1993 and 1994 with output rising 7% and 9% respectively. However, the industrial sector remains burdened by noncompetitive state-owned enterprises the government is unwilling or unable to privatize. Unemployment looms as a serious problem with roughly 20% of the work force without jobs and with population growth swelling the ranks of the labor force yearly." );; line 120219 (wfb::source-text national_product vietnam "GDP - purchasing power parity - $83.5 billion (1994 est.)" );; line 120236 (wfb::source-text national_product_real_growth_rate vietnam "8.8% (1994 est.)" );; line 120240 (wfb::source-text national_product_per_capita vietnam "$1,140 (1994 est.)" );; line 120244 (wfb::source-text |Inflation rate (consumer prices)| vietnam "14.4% (1994)" );; line 120248 (wfb::source-text unemployment_rate vietnam "20% (1994 est.)" );; line 120252 (wfb::source-text budget vietnam revenues "$3.6 billion" );; line 120257 (wfb::source-text budget vietnam expenditures "$4.5 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA (1994 est.)" );; line 120259 (wfb::source-text exports vietnam "$3.6 billion (f.o.b., 1994 est.)" );; line 120263 (wfb::source-text exports vietnam commodities "petroleum, rice, agricultural products, marine products, coffee" );; line 120265 (wfb::source-text exports vietnam partners "Japan, Singapore, Hong Kong, France, South Korea" );; line 120267 (wfb::source-text imports vietnam "$4.2 billion (f.o.b., 1994 est.)" );; line 120271 (wfb::source-text imports vietnam commodities "petroleum products, machinery and equipment, steel products, fertilizer, raw cotton, grain" );; line 120273 (wfb::source-text imports vietnam partners "Singapore, Japan, South Korea, France, Hong Kong, Taiwan" );; line 120276 (wfb::source-text external_debt vietnam "$4 billion Western countries; $4.5 billion CEMA debts primarily to Russia;" );; line 120280 (wfb::source-text industrial_production vietnam "growth rate 13% (1994 est.); accounts for 21% of GDP" );; line 120285 (wfb::source-text electricity vietnam capacity "2,200,000 kW" );; line 120290 (wfb::source-text electricity vietnam production "9.7 billion kWh" );; line 120292 (wfb::source-text electricity vietnam consumption_per_capita "125 kWh (1993)" );; line 120294 (wfb::source-text industry vietnam "food processing, textiles, machine building, mining, cement, chemical fertilizer, glass, tires, oil" );; line 120298 (wfb::source-text agriculture vietnam "accounts for 36% of GDP; paddy rice, corn, potatoes make up 50% of farm output; commercial crops (rubber, soybeans, coffee, tea, bananas) and animal products 50%; since 1989 self-sufficient in food staple rice; fish catch of 943,100 metric tons (1989 est.); note - the third largest exporter of rice in the World, behind the US and Thailand" );; line 120303 (wfb::source-text illicit_drugs vietnam "opium producer and increasingly important transit point for Southeast Asian heroin destined for the US and Europe; growing opium addiction; small-scale heroin producer" );; line 120311 (wfb::source-text economic_aid vietnam recipient "$2 billion in credits and grants pledged by international donors for 1995, Japan largest contributor with $650 million pledged for 1995" );; line 120318 (wfb::source-text currency vietnam "1 new dong (D) = 100 xu" );; line 120323 (wfb::source-text exchange_rates vietnam "new dong (D) per US$1 - 11,000 (October 1994), 10,800 (November 1993), 8,100 (July 1991), 7,280 (December 1990), 3,996 (March 1990)" );; line 120327 (wfb::source-text fiscal_year vietnam "calendar year" );; line 120332 (wfb::source-text railroads vietnam total "3,059 km (including 224 km not restored to service after war damage)" );; line 120338 (wfb::source-text railroads vietnam standard_gauge "151 km 1.435-m gauge" );; line 120341 (wfb::source-text railroads vietnam narrow_gauge "2,454 km 1.000-m gauge" );; line 120343 (wfb::source-text railroads vietnam other_gauge "230 km NA-m dual gauge (three rails)" );; line 120345 (wfb::source-text highways vietnam total "85,000 km" );; line 120350 (wfb::source-text highways vietnam paved "9,400 km" );; line 120352 (wfb::source-text highways vietnam unpaved "gravel, improved earth 48,700 km; unimproved earth 26,900 km" );; line 120354 (wfb::source-text inland_waterways vietnam "17,702 km navigable; more than 5,149 km navigable at all times by vessels up to 1.8 meter draft" );; line 120358 (wfb::source-text pipelines vietnam "petroleum products 150 km" );; line 120363 (wfb::source-text port vietnam "Da Nang, Haiphong, Ho Chi Minh City, Hon Gai, Qui Nhon, Nha Trang" );; line 120367 (wfb::source-text merchant_marine vietnam total "109 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 449,963 GRT/932,837 DWT" );; line 120372 (wfb::source-text merchant_marine vietnam ships_by_type "bulk 3, cargo 92, oil tanker 10, refrigerated cargo 3, roll-on/roll-off cargo 1" );; line 120374 (wfb::source-text airports vietnam total "48" );; line 120380 (wfb::source-text airports vietnam |with paved runways over 3,047 m| "8" );; line 120382 (wfb::source-text airports vietnam |with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m| "3" );; line 120384 (wfb::source-text airports vietnam |with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m| "5" );; line 120386 (wfb::source-text airports vietnam |with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m| "13" );; line 120388 (wfb::source-text airports vietnam with_paved_runways_under_914_m "7" );; line 120390 (wfb::source-text airports vietnam |with unpaved runways 1,524 to 2,438 m| "2" );; line 120392 (wfb::source-text airports vietnam |with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m| "5" );; line 120394 (wfb::source-text airports vietnam with_unpaved_runways_under_914_m "5" );; line 120396 (wfb::source-text telephone_system vietnam "NA telephones; 2 telephones/1,000 persons; the inadequacies of the obsolete switching equipment and cable system are a serious constraint on the business sector and on economic growth, and restrict access to the international links that Vietnam has established with most major countries; the telephone system is not generally available for private use" );; line 120401 (wfb::source-text telephone_system vietnam local "NA" );; line 120407 (wfb::source-text telephone_system vietnam intercity "NA" );; line 120409 (wfb::source-text telephone_system vietnam international "3 satellite earth stations" );; line 120411 (wfb::source-text radio vietnam broadcast_stations "AM NA, FM 228, shortwave 0" );; line 120416 (wfb::source-text radio vietnam radios "7 million (1991)" );; line 120418 (wfb::source-text television vietnam broadcast_stations "36 (repeaters 77)" );; line 120423 (wfb::source-text television vietnam televisions "2.5 million (1991)" );; line 120425 (wfb::source-text defense_branch vietnam "People's Army of Vietnam (PAVN; includes Ground forces, Navy (includes Naval Infantry), and Air Force" );; line 120431 (wfb::source-text manpower_availability vietnam "males age 15-49 18,799,370; males fit for military service 11,913,116; males reach military age (17) annually 742,394 (1995 est.)" );; line 120436 (wfb::source-text defense_expenditures vietnam "exchange rate conversion - $435 million, 2.5% of GDP (1994)" );; line 120441 (wfb::source-text location virgin_islands "Caribbean, islands between the Caribbean Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean, east of Puerto Rico" );; line 120451 (wfb::source-text map_references virgin_islands "Central America and the Caribbean" );; line 120456 (wfb::source-text area virgin_islands total_area "352 sq km" );; line 120461 (wfb::source-text area virgin_islands land_area "349 sq km" );; line 120463 (wfb::source-text area virgin_islands comparative_area "slightly less than twice the size of Washington, DC" );; line 120465 (wfb::source-text borders virgin_islands "0 km" );; line 120469 (wfb::source-text coastline virgin_islands "188 km" );; line 120473 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims virgin_islands exclusive_economic_zone "200 nm" );; line 120478 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims virgin_islands territorial_sea "12 nm" );; line 120480 (wfb::source-text international_disputes virgin_islands "none" );; line 120484 (wfb::source-text climate virgin_islands "subtropical, tempered by easterly tradewinds, relatively low humidity, little seasonal temperature variation; rainy season May to November" );; line 120488 (wfb::source-text terrain virgin_islands "mostly hilly to rugged and mountainous with little level land" );; line 120493 (wfb::source-text natural-resource virgin_islands "sun, sand, sea, surf" );; line 120497 (wfb::source-text land_use virgin_islands arable_land "15%" );; line 120502 (wfb::source-text land_use virgin_islands permanent_crops "6%" );; line 120504 (wfb::source-text land_use virgin_islands meadows_and_pastures "26%" );; line 120506 (wfb::source-text land_use virgin_islands forest_and_woodland "6%" );; line 120508 (wfb::source-text land_use virgin_islands other "47%" );; line 120510 (wfb::source-text irrigated_land virgin_islands "NA sq km" );; line 120514 (wfb::source-text environment virgin_islands current_issues "lack of natural freshwater resources" );; line 120519 (wfb::source-text environment virgin_islands natural_hazards "rarely affected by hurricanes; frequent and severe droughts, floods, and earthquakes" );; line 120521 (wfb::source-text environment virgin_islands international_agreements "NA" );; line 120524 (wfb::source-text note virgin_islands "important location along the Anegada Passage - a key shipping lane for the Panama Canal; Saint Thomas has one of the best natural, deepwater harbors in the Caribbean" );; line 120528 (wfb::source-text population virgin_islands "97,229 (July 1995 est.)" );; line 120536 (wfb::source-text age_structure virgin_islands 0-14_years "NA" );; line 120544 (wfb::source-text age_structure virgin_islands 15-64_years "NA" );; line 120546 (wfb::source-text age_structure virgin_islands 65_years_and_over "NA" );; line 120548 (wfb::source-text population_growth_rate virgin_islands "-0.29% (1995 est.)" );; line 120552 (wfb::source-text birth_rate virgin_islands "18.49 births/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 120556 (wfb::source-text death_rate virgin_islands "5.2 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 120560 (wfb::source-text net_migration_rate virgin_islands "-16.17 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 120564 (wfb::source-text infant_mortality_rate virgin_islands "12.54 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.)" );; line 120568 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth virgin_islands total_population "75.29 years" );; line 120573 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth virgin_islands male "73.6 years" );; line 120575 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth virgin_islands female "77.2 years (1995 est.)" );; line 120577 (wfb::source-text total_fertility_rate virgin_islands "2.41 children born/woman (1995 est.)" );; line 120581 (wfb::source-text nationality virgin_islands noun "Virgin Islander(s)" );; line 120586 (wfb::source-text nationality virgin_islands adjective "Virgin Islander" );; line 120588 (wfb::source-text ethnic-entity virgin_islands "black 80%, white 15%, other 5%" );; line 120592 (wfb::source-text religion virgin_islands "Baptist 42%, Roman Catholic 34%, Episcopalian 17%, other 7%" );; line 120596 (wfb::source-text language virgin_islands "English (official), Spanish, Creole" );; line 120600 (wfb::source-text literacy virgin_islands "NA%" );; line 120604 (wfb::source-text total_labor_force virgin_islands "45,500 (1988)" );; line 120608 (wfb::source-text labor_force_by_occupation virgin_islands by_occupation "tourism 70%" );; line 120610 (wfb::source-text names virgin_islands conventional_long_form "Virgin Islands of the United States" );; line 120616 (wfb::source-text names virgin_islands conventional_short_form "Virgin Islands" );; line 120618 (wfb::source-text digraph virgin_islands "VQ" );; line 120622 (wfb::source-text type virgin_islands "organized, unincorporated territory of the US administered by the Office of Territorial and International Affairs, US Department of the Interior" );; line 120626 (wfb::source-text capital virgin_islands "Charlotte Amalie" );; line 120632 (wfb::source-text administrative_divisions virgin_islands "none (territory of the US)" );; line 120636 (wfb::source-text national_holiday virgin_islands "Transfer Day, 31 March (1917) (from Denmark to US)" );; line 120640 (wfb::source-text constitution virgin_islands "Revised Organic Act of 22 July 1954" );; line 120644 (wfb::source-text legal_system virgin_islands "based on US" );; line 120648 (wfb::source-text suffrage virgin_islands "18 years of age; universal; note - indigenous inhabitants are US citizens but do not vote in US presidential elections" );; line 120652 (wfb::source-text executive_branch virgin_islands chief_of_state "President William Jefferson CLINTON (since 20 January 1993); Vice President Albert GORE, Jr. (since 20 January 1993)" );; line 120658 (wfb::source-text executive_branch virgin_islands head_of_government "Governor Dr. Roy L. SCHNEIDER (since 5 January 1995); Lieutenant Governor Kenneth E. MAPP (since 5 January 1995); election last held 22 November 1994 (next to be held NA November 1998); results - Dr. Roy L. SCHNEIDER (Independent) 54.7%, former Lieutenant Governor Derek HODGE 42.6%" );; line 120661 (wfb::source-text legislative_structure virgin_islands "unicameral" );; line 120668 (wfb::source-text legislative_branch virgin_islands senate "elections last held 8 November 1994 (next to be held 5 November 1996); results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (15 total) Democrats 7, Independents 7, Republican 1" );; line 120670 (wfb::source-text legislative_branch virgin_islands us_house_of_representatives "elections last held 8 November 1994 (next to be held 5 November 1996); results - Victor O. FRAZER (Independent) 54.5%, Eileen R. PETERSON (Democrat) 45.5%; seats - (1 total) Independent 1; note - the Virgin Islands elects one representative to the US House of Representatives" );; line 120674 (wfb::source-text judicial_branch virgin_islands us_district_court "handles civil matters over $50,000, felonies (persons 15 years of age and over), and federal cases" );; line 120682 (wfb::source-text judicial_branch virgin_islands territorial_court "handles civil matters up to $50,000, small claims, juvenile, domestic, misdemeanors, and traffic cases" );; line 120685 (wfb::source-text political_parties_and_leaders virgin_islands "Democratic Party, Marilyn STAPLETON; Independent Citizens' Movement (ICM), Virdin C. BROWN; Republican Party, Charlotte-Poole DAVIS" );; line 120690 (wfb::source-text member_of virgin_islands "ECLAC (associate), IOC" );; line 120695 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us virgin_islands "none (territory of the US)" );; line 120699 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation virgin_islands "none (territory of the US)" );; line 120703 (wfb::source-text flag virgin_islands "white with a modified US coat of arms in the center between the large blue initials V and I; the coat of arms shows an eagle holding an olive branch in one talon and three arrows in the other with a superimposed shield of vertical red and white stripes below a blue panel" );; line 120707 (wfb::source-text overview virgin_islands "Tourism is the primary economic activity, accounting for more than 70% of GDP and 70% of employment. The manufacturing sector consists of textile, electronics, pharmaceutical, and watch assembly plants. The agricultural sector is small, most food being imported. International business and financial services are a small but growing component of the economy. One of the world's largest petroleum refineries is at Saint Croix." );; line 120715 (wfb::source-text national_product virgin_islands "GDP - purchasing power parity - $1.2 billion (1987 est.)" );; line 120724 (wfb::source-text national_product_real_growth_rate virgin_islands "NA%" );; line 120728 (wfb::source-text national_product_per_capita virgin_islands "$11,000 (1987)" );; line 120732 (wfb::source-text |Inflation rate (consumer prices)| virgin_islands "NA%" );; line 120736 (wfb::source-text unemployment_rate virgin_islands "3.7% (1992)" );; line 120740 (wfb::source-text budget virgin_islands revenues "$364.4 million" );; line 120745 (wfb::source-text budget virgin_islands expenditures "$364.4 million, including capital expenditures of $NA (1990 est.)" );; line 120747 (wfb::source-text exports virgin_islands "$2.8 billion (f.o.b., 1990)" );; line 120751 (wfb::source-text exports virgin_islands commodities "refined petroleum products" );; line 120753 (wfb::source-text exports virgin_islands partners "US, Puerto Rico" );; line 120755 (wfb::source-text imports virgin_islands "$3.3 billion (c.i.f., 1990)" );; line 120759 (wfb::source-text imports virgin_islands commodities "crude oil, foodstuffs, consumer goods, building materials" );; line 120761 (wfb::source-text imports virgin_islands partners "US, Puerto Rico" );; line 120763 (wfb::source-text external_debt virgin_islands "$NA" );; line 120767 (wfb::source-text industrial_production virgin_islands "growth rate 12% (year NA); accounts for NA% of GDP" );; line 120771 (wfb::source-text electricity virgin_islands capacity "320,000 kW" );; line 120776 (wfb::source-text electricity virgin_islands production "970 million kWh" );; line 120778 (wfb::source-text electricity virgin_islands consumption_per_capita "9,172 kWh (1993)" );; line 120780 (wfb::source-text industry virgin_islands "tourism, petroleum refining, watch assembly, rum distilling, construction, pharmaceuticals, textiles, electronics" );; line 120784 (wfb::source-text agriculture virgin_islands "truck gardens, food crops (small scale), fruit, sorghum, Senepol cattle" );; line 120789 (wfb::source-text economic_aid virgin_islands recipient "Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-89), $42 million" );; line 120795 (wfb::source-text currency virgin_islands "1 United States dollar (US$) = 100 cents" );; line 120800 (wfb::source-text exchange_rates virgin_islands "US currency is used" );; line 120804 (wfb::source-text fiscal_year virgin_islands "1 October - 30 September" );; line 120808 (wfb::source-text railroads virgin_islands "0 km" );; line 120813 (wfb::source-text highways virgin_islands total "856 km" );; line 120818 (wfb::source-text highways virgin_islands paved "NA" );; line 120820 (wfb::source-text highways virgin_islands unpaved "NA" );; line 120822 (wfb::source-text port virgin_islands "Charlotte Amalie, Christiansted, Cruz Bay, Port Alucroix" );; line 120826 (wfb::source-text merchant_marine virgin_islands "none" );; line 120830 (wfb::source-text airports virgin_islands total "2" );; line 120835 (wfb::source-text airports virgin_islands |with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m| "2" );; line 120837 (wfb::source-text telephone_system virgin_islands "58,931 telephones; modern telephone system using fiber-optic cable, submarine cable, microwave radio, and satellite facilities" );; line 120844 (wfb::source-text telephone_system virgin_islands local "NA" );; line 120847 (wfb::source-text telephone_system virgin_islands intercity "NA" );; line 120849 (wfb::source-text telephone_system virgin_islands international "NA" );; line 120851 (wfb::source-text radio virgin_islands broadcast_stations "AM 4, FM 8, shortwave 0 (1988)" );; line 120856 (wfb::source-text radio virgin_islands radios "98,000" );; line 120858 (wfb::source-text television virgin_islands broadcast_stations "4 (1988)" );; line 120863 (wfb::source-text television virgin_islands televisions "63,000" );; line 120865 (wfb::source-text note virgin_islands "defense is the responsibility of the US" );; line 120871 (wfb::source-text location wake_island "Oceania, island in the North Pacific Ocean, about two-thirds of the way from Hawaii to the Northern Mariana Islands" );; line 120882 (wfb::source-text map_references wake_island "Oceania" );; line 120887 (wfb::source-text area wake_island total_area "6.5 sq km" );; line 120892 (wfb::source-text area wake_island land_area "6.5 sq km" );; line 120894 (wfb::source-text area wake_island comparative_area "about 11 times the size of The Mall in Washington, DC" );; line 120896 (wfb::source-text borders wake_island "0 km" );; line 120900 (wfb::source-text coastline wake_island "19.3 km" );; line 120904 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims wake_island exclusive_economic_zone "200 nm" );; line 120909 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims wake_island territorial_sea "12 nm" );; line 120911 (wfb::source-text international_disputes wake_island "claimed by the Republic of the Marshall Islands" );; line 120915 (wfb::source-text climate wake_island "tropical" );; line 120919 (wfb::source-text terrain wake_island "atoll of three coral islands built up on an underwater volcano; central lagoon is former crater, islands are part of the rim; average elevation less than 4 meters" );; line 120923 (wfb::source-text natural-resource wake_island "none" );; line 120929 (wfb::source-text land_use wake_island arable_land "0%" );; line 120934 (wfb::source-text land_use wake_island permanent_crops "0%" );; line 120936 (wfb::source-text land_use wake_island meadows_and_pastures "0%" );; line 120938 (wfb::source-text land_use wake_island forest_and_woodland "0%" );; line 120940 (wfb::source-text land_use wake_island other "100%" );; line 120942 (wfb::source-text irrigated_land wake_island "0 sq km" );; line 120946 (wfb::source-text environment wake_island current_issues "NA" );; line 120951 (wfb::source-text environment wake_island natural_hazards "occasional typhoons" );; line 120953 (wfb::source-text environment wake_island international_agreements "NA" );; line 120955 (wfb::source-text note wake_island "strategic location in the North Pacific Ocean; emergency landing location for transpacific flights" );; line 120959 (wfb::source-text population wake_island "302 (July 1995 est.)" );; line 120966 (wfb::source-text population_growth_rate wake_island "0% (1995 est.)" );; line 120970 (wfb::source-text birth_rate wake_island "NA births/1,000 population" );; line 120974 (wfb::source-text death_rate wake_island "NA deaths/1,000 population" );; line 120978 (wfb::source-text net_migration_rate wake_island "NA migrant(s)/1,000 population" );; line 120982 (wfb::source-text infant_mortality_rate wake_island "NA deaths/1,000 live births" );; line 120986 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth wake_island total_population "NA years" );; line 120991 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth wake_island male "NA years" );; line 120993 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth wake_island female "NA years" );; line 120995 (wfb::source-text total_fertility_rate wake_island "NA children born/woman" );; line 120999 (wfb::source-text names wake_island conventional_long_form "none" );; line 121005 (wfb::source-text names wake_island conventional_short_form "Wake Island" );; line 121007 (wfb::source-text digraph wake_island "WQ" );; line 121011 (wfb::source-text type wake_island "unincorporated territory of the US administered by the US Army and Strategic Defense Command since 1 October 1994" );; line 121015 (wfb::source-text capital wake_island "none; administered from Washington, DC" );; line 121020 (wfb::source-text independence wake_island "none (territory of the US)" );; line 121024 (wfb::source-text flag wake_island "the US flag is used" );; line 121028 (wfb::source-text overview wake_island "Economic activity is limited to providing services to US military personnel and contractors located on the island. All food and manufactured goods must be imported." );; line 121033 (wfb::source-text electricity wake_island "supplied by US military" );; line 121039 (wfb::source-text railroads wake_island "0 km" );; line 121044 (wfb::source-text port wake_island "none; two offshore anchorages for large ships" );; line 121048 (wfb::source-text merchant_marine wake_island "none" );; line 121052 (wfb::source-text airports wake_island total "1" );; line 121057 (wfb::source-text airports wake_island |with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m| "1" );; line 121059 (wfb::source-text note wake_island "formerly an important commercial aviation base, now used by US military, some commercial cargo planes, as well as the US Army Space and Strategic Defense Command for missile launches" );; line 121063 (wfb::source-text telephone_system wake_island "NA telephones; satellite communications; 1 Autovon circuit off the Overseas Telephone System (OTS)" );; line 121070 (wfb::source-text telephone_system wake_island local "NA" );; line 121073 (wfb::source-text telephone_system wake_island intercity "NA" );; line 121075 (wfb::source-text telephone_system wake_island international "NA" );; line 121077 (wfb::source-text radio wake_island broadcast_stations "AM 0, FM NA, shortwave NA" );; line 121085 (wfb::source-text radio wake_island radios "NA" );; line 121087 (wfb::source-text television wake_island broadcast_stations "NA" );; line 121095 (wfb::source-text television wake_island televisions "NA" );; line 121097 (wfb::source-text note wake_island "formerly an important commercial aviation base, now used by US military, as well as the US Army Space and Strategic Defense Command for missile launches" );; line 121104 (wfb::source-text note wake_island "defense is the responsibility of the US" );; line 121112 (wfb::source-text location wallis_and_futuna "Oceania, islands in the South Pacific Ocean, about two-thirds of the way from Hawaii to New Zealand" );; line 121123 (wfb::source-text map_references wallis_and_futuna "Oceania" );; line 121128 (wfb::source-text area wallis_and_futuna total_area "274 sq km" );; line 121133 (wfb::source-text area wallis_and_futuna land_area "274 sq km" );; line 121135 (wfb::source-text area wallis_and_futuna comparative_area "slightly larger than Washington, DC" );; line 121137 (wfb::source-text borders wallis_and_futuna "0 km" );; line 121144 (wfb::source-text coastline wallis_and_futuna "129 km" );; line 121148 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims wallis_and_futuna exclusive_economic_zone "200 nm" );; line 121153 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims wallis_and_futuna territorial_sea "12 nm" );; line 121155 (wfb::source-text international_disputes wallis_and_futuna "none" );; line 121159 (wfb::source-text climate wallis_and_futuna "tropical; hot, rainy season (November to April); cool, dry season (May to October)" );; line 121163 (wfb::source-text terrain wallis_and_futuna "volcanic origin; low hills" );; line 121168 (wfb::source-text natural-resource wallis_and_futuna "negligible" );; line 121172 (wfb::source-text land_use wallis_and_futuna arable_land "5%" );; line 121177 (wfb::source-text land_use wallis_and_futuna permanent_crops "20%" );; line 121179 (wfb::source-text land_use wallis_and_futuna meadows_and_pastures "0%" );; line 121181 (wfb::source-text land_use wallis_and_futuna forest_and_woodland "0%" );; line 121183 (wfb::source-text land_use wallis_and_futuna other "75%" );; line 121185 (wfb::source-text irrigated_land wallis_and_futuna "NA sq km" );; line 121189 (wfb::source-text environment wallis_and_futuna current_issues "deforestation (only small portions of the original forests remain) largely as a result of the continued use of wood as the main fuel source; as a consequence of cutting down the forests, the mountainous terrain of Futuna is particularly prone to erosion; there are no permanent settlements on Alofi because of the lack of natural fresh water resources" );; line 121194 (wfb::source-text environment wallis_and_futuna natural_hazards "NA" );; line 121200 (wfb::source-text environment wallis_and_futuna international_agreements "NA" );; line 121202 (wfb::source-text note wallis_and_futuna "both island groups have fringing reefs" );; line 121206 (wfb::source-text population wallis_and_futuna "14,499 (July 1995 est.)" );; line 121212 (wfb::source-text age_structure wallis_and_futuna 0-14_years "NA" );; line 121217 (wfb::source-text age_structure wallis_and_futuna 15-64_years "NA" );; line 121219 (wfb::source-text age_structure wallis_and_futuna 65_years_and_over "NA" );; line 121221 (wfb::source-text population_growth_rate wallis_and_futuna "1.11% (1995 est.)" );; line 121225 (wfb::source-text birth_rate wallis_and_futuna "25.06 births/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 121229 (wfb::source-text death_rate wallis_and_futuna "5.14 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 121233 (wfb::source-text net_migration_rate wallis_and_futuna "-8.85 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 121237 (wfb::source-text infant_mortality_rate wallis_and_futuna "24.92 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.)" );; line 121241 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth wallis_and_futuna total_population "72.24 years" );; line 121246 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth wallis_and_futuna male "71.62 years" );; line 121248 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth wallis_and_futuna female "72.9 years (1995 est.)" );; line 121250 (wfb::source-text total_fertility_rate wallis_and_futuna "3.11 children born/woman (1995 est.)" );; line 121254 (wfb::source-text nationality wallis_and_futuna noun "Wallisian(s), Futunan(s), or Wallis and Futuna Islanders" );; line 121259 (wfb::source-text nationality wallis_and_futuna adjective "Wallisian, Futunan, or Wallis and Futuna Islander" );; line 121261 (wfb::source-text ethnic-entity wallis_and_futuna "Polynesian" );; line 121265 (wfb::source-text religion wallis_and_futuna "Roman Catholic" );; line 121269 (wfb::source-text language wallis_and_futuna "French, Wallisian (indigenous Polynesian language)" );; line 121273 (wfb::source-text literacy wallis_and_futuna "age 15 and over can read and write (1969)" );; line 121277 (wfb::source-text literacy wallis_and_futuna total_population "50%" );; line 121279 (wfb::source-text literacy wallis_and_futuna male "50%" );; line 121281 (wfb::source-text literacy wallis_and_futuna female "51%" );; line 121283 (wfb::source-text total_labor_force wallis_and_futuna "NA" );; line 121287 (wfb::source-text labor_force_by_occupation wallis_and_futuna by_occupation "agriculture, livestock, and fishing 80%, government 4% (est.)" );; line 121289 (wfb::source-text names wallis_and_futuna conventional_long_form "Territory of the Wallis and Futuna Islands" );; line 121295 (wfb::source-text names wallis_and_futuna conventional_short_form "Wallis and Futuna" );; line 121297 (wfb::source-text names wallis_and_futuna local_long_form "Territoire des Iles Wallis et Futuna" );; line 121299 (wfb::source-text names wallis_and_futuna local_short_form "Wallis et Futuna" );; line 121301 (wfb::source-text digraph wallis_and_futuna "WF" );; line 121305 (wfb::source-text type wallis_and_futuna "overseas territory of France" );; line 121309 (wfb::source-text capital wallis_and_futuna "Mata-Utu (on Ile Uvea)" );; line 121313 (wfb::source-text administrative_divisions wallis_and_futuna "none (overseas territory of France)" );; line 121317 (wfb::source-text independence wallis_and_futuna "none (overseas territory of France)" );; line 121321 (wfb::source-text constitution wallis_and_futuna "28 September 1958 (French Constitution)" );; line 121325 (wfb::source-text legal_system wallis_and_futuna "French legal system" );; line 121329 (wfb::source-text suffrage wallis_and_futuna "18 years of age; universal" );; line 121333 (wfb::source-text executive_branch wallis_and_futuna chief_of_state "President Francois MITTERRAND (since 21 May 1981)" );; line 121338 (wfb::source-text executive_branch wallis_and_futuna head_of_government "High Administrator Philippe LEGRIX (since NA); President of the Territorial Assembly Soane Mani UHILA (since NA March 1992)" );; line 121340 (wfb::source-text executive_branch wallis_and_futuna cabinet "Council of the Territory consists of 3 kings and 3 members appointed by the high administrator on advice of the Territorial Assembly" );; line 121343 (wfb::source-text legislative_structure wallis_and_futuna "unicameral" );; line 121350 (wfb::source-text legislative_branch wallis_and_futuna |Territorial Assembly (Assemblee Territoriale)| "elections last held 15 March 1987 (next to be held NA); results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (20 total) RPR 7, UPL 5, UDF 4, UNF 4" );; line 121352 (wfb::source-text legislative_branch wallis_and_futuna french_senate "elections last held 24 September 1989 (next to be held by NA September 1998); results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (1 total) RPR 1" );; line 121355 (wfb::source-text legislative_branch wallis_and_futuna french_national_assembly "elections last held 21 and 28 March 1992 (next to be held by NA September 1996); results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (1 total) MRG 1; note - Wallis and Futuna elect one deputy" );; line 121358 (wfb::source-text judicial_branch wallis_and_futuna "none; justice generally administered under French law by the chief administrator, but the three traditional kings administer customary law and there is a magistrate in Mata-Utu" );; line 121364 (wfb::source-text political_parties_and_leaders wallis_and_futuna "Rally for the Republic (RPR); Union Populaire Locale (UPL); Union Pour la Democratie Francaise (UDF); Lua kae tahi (Giscardians); Mouvement des Radicaux de Gauche (MRG)" );; line 121370 (wfb::source-text member_of wallis_and_futuna "FZ, SPC" );; line 121376 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us wallis_and_futuna "none (overseas territory of France)" );; line 121380 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation wallis_and_futuna "none (overseas territory of France)" );; line 121384 (wfb::source-text flag wallis_and_futuna "the flag of France is used" );; line 121388 (wfb::source-text overview wallis_and_futuna "The economy is limited to traditional subsistence agriculture, with about 80% of the labor force earning its livelihood from agriculture (coconuts and vegetables), livestock (mostly pigs), and fishing. About 4% of the population is employed in government. Revenues come from French Government subsidies, licensing of fishing rights to Japan and South Korea, import taxes, and remittances from expatriate workers in New Caledonia. Wallis and Futuna imports food - particularly sugar and beef - fuel, clothing, machinery, and transport equipment, but its exports are negligible, consisting of copra and handicrafts." );; line 121393 (wfb::source-text national_product wallis_and_futuna "GDP - purchasing power parity - $28.7 million (1994 est.)" );; line 121405 (wfb::source-text national_product_real_growth_rate wallis_and_futuna "NA%" );; line 121409 (wfb::source-text national_product_per_capita wallis_and_futuna "$2,000 (1994 est.)" );; line 121413 (wfb::source-text |Inflation rate (consumer prices)| wallis_and_futuna "NA%" );; line 121417 (wfb::source-text unemployment_rate wallis_and_futuna "NA%" );; line 121421 (wfb::source-text budget wallis_and_futuna revenues "$2.7 million" );; line 121426 (wfb::source-text budget wallis_and_futuna expenditures "$2.7 million, including capital expenditures of $NA (1983 est.)" );; line 121428 (wfb::source-text exports wallis_and_futuna "$6.6 million (f.o.b., 1986)" );; line 121432 (wfb::source-text exports wallis_and_futuna commodities "copra, handicrafts" );; line 121434 (wfb::source-text exports wallis_and_futuna partners "NA" );; line 121436 (wfb::source-text imports wallis_and_futuna "$13.3 million (c.i.f., 1984)" );; line 121440 (wfb::source-text imports wallis_and_futuna commodities "foodstuffs, manufactured goods, transportation equipment, fuel, clothing" );; line 121442 (wfb::source-text imports wallis_and_futuna partners "France, Australia, New Zealand" );; line 121445 (wfb::source-text external_debt wallis_and_futuna "$NA" );; line 121449 (wfb::source-text industrial_production wallis_and_futuna "growth rate NA%" );; line 121453 (wfb::source-text electricity wallis_and_futuna capacity "1,200 kW" );; line 121458 (wfb::source-text electricity wallis_and_futuna production "1 million kWh" );; line 121460 (wfb::source-text electricity wallis_and_futuna consumption_per_capita "70 kWh (1990)" );; line 121462 (wfb::source-text industry wallis_and_futuna "copra, handicrafts, fishing, lumber" );; line 121466 (wfb::source-text agriculture wallis_and_futuna "dominated by coconut production, with subsistence crops of yams, taro, bananas, and herds of pigs and goats" );; line 121470 (wfb::source-text economic_aid wallis_and_futuna recipient "Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-89), $118 million" );; line 121476 (wfb::source-text currency wallis_and_futuna "1 CFP franc (CFPF) = 100 centimes" );; line 121481 (wfb::source-text exchange_rates wallis_and_futuna "Comptoirs Francais du Pacifique francs (CFPF) per US$1 - 96.25 (January 1995), 100.94 (1994), 102.96 (1993), 96.24 (1992), 102.57 (1991), 99.0 (1990); note - linked at the rate of 18.18 to the French franc" );; line 121485 (wfb::source-text fiscal_year wallis_and_futuna "NA" );; line 121491 (wfb::source-text railroads wallis_and_futuna "0 km" );; line 121496 (wfb::source-text highways wallis_and_futuna total "120 km (Ile Uvea 100 km, Ile Futuna 20km)" );; line 121501 (wfb::source-text highways wallis_and_futuna paved "16 km (on Il Uvea)" );; line 121503 (wfb::source-text highways wallis_and_futuna unpaved "104 km (Ile Uvea 84 km, Ile Futuna 20 km)" );; line 121505 (wfb::source-text inland_waterways wallis_and_futuna "none" );; line 121509 (wfb::source-text port wallis_and_futuna "Leava, Mata-Utu" );; line 121513 (wfb::source-text merchant_marine wallis_and_futuna total "1 oil tanker (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 26,000 GRT/40,000 DWT" );; line 121518 (wfb::source-text airports wallis_and_futuna total "2" );; line 121523 (wfb::source-text airports wallis_and_futuna |with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m| "1" );; line 121525 (wfb::source-text airports wallis_and_futuna |with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m| "1" );; line 121527 (wfb::source-text telephone_system wallis_and_futuna "225 telephones" );; line 121532 (wfb::source-text telephone_system wallis_and_futuna local "NA" );; line 121534 (wfb::source-text telephone_system wallis_and_futuna intercity "NA" );; line 121536 (wfb::source-text telephone_system wallis_and_futuna international "NA" );; line 121538 (wfb::source-text radio wallis_and_futuna broadcast_stations "AM 1, FM 0, shortwave 0" );; line 121543 (wfb::source-text radio wallis_and_futuna radios "NA" );; line 121545 (wfb::source-text television wallis_and_futuna broadcast_stations "0" );; line 121550 (wfb::source-text television wallis_and_futuna televisions "NA" );; line 121552 (wfb::source-text note wallis_and_futuna "defense is the responsibility of France" );; line 121558 (wfb::source-text location west_bank "Middle East, west of Jordan" );; line 121574 (wfb::source-text map_references west_bank "Middle East" );; line 121578 (wfb::source-text area west_bank total_area "5,860 sq km" );; line 121583 (wfb::source-text area west_bank land_area "5,640 sq km" );; line 121585 (wfb::source-text area west_bank comparative_area "slightly larger than Delaware" );; line 121587 (wfb::source-text borders west_bank "total 404 km, Israel 307 km, Jordan 97 km" );; line 121596 (wfb::source-text coastline west_bank "0 km (landlocked)" );; line 121600 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims west_bank "none; landlocked" );; line 121604 (wfb::source-text international_disputes west_bank "West Bank and Gaza Strip are Israeli occupied with interim status subject to Israeli/Palestinian negotiations - final status to be determined" );; line 121608 (wfb::source-text climate west_bank "temperate, temperature and precipitation vary with altitude, warm to hot summers, cool to mild winters" );; line 121613 (wfb::source-text terrain west_bank "mostly rugged dissected upland, some vegetation in west, but barren in east" );; line 121618 (wfb::source-text natural-resource west_bank "negligible" );; line 121623 (wfb::source-text land_use west_bank arable_land "27%" );; line 121628 (wfb::source-text land_use west_bank permanent_crops "0%" );; line 121630 (wfb::source-text land_use west_bank meadows_and_pastures "32%" );; line 121632 (wfb::source-text land_use west_bank forest_and_woodland "1%" );; line 121634 (wfb::source-text land_use west_bank other "40%" );; line 121636 (wfb::source-text irrigated_land west_bank "NA sq km" );; line 121640 (wfb::source-text environment west_bank current_issues "NA" );; line 121645 (wfb::source-text environment west_bank natural_hazards "NA" );; line 121647 (wfb::source-text environment west_bank international_agreements "NA" );; line 121649 (wfb::source-text note west_bank "landlocked; highlands are main recharge area for Israel's coastal aquifers; there are 199 Jewish settlements and civilian land use sites in the West Bank and 25 in East Jerusalem (August 1994 est.)" );; line 121653 (wfb::source-text population west_bank "1,319,991 (July 1995 est.)" );; line 121661 (wfb::source-text age_structure west_bank 0-14_years "46% (female 293,269; male 308,775)" );; line 121669 (wfb::source-text age_structure west_bank 15-64_years "51% (female 335,193; male 337,722)" );; line 121671 (wfb::source-text age_structure west_bank 65_years_and_over "3% (female 25,759; male 19,273) (July 1995 est.)" );; line 121673 (wfb::source-text population_growth_rate west_bank "3.5% (1995 est.)" );; line 121677 (wfb::source-text birth_rate west_bank "39.83 births/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 121681 (wfb::source-text death_rate west_bank "4.84 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 121685 (wfb::source-text net_migration_rate west_bank "0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 121689 (wfb::source-text infant_mortality_rate west_bank "29.7 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.)" );; line 121693 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth west_bank total_population "71.42 years" );; line 121698 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth west_bank male "69.91 years" );; line 121700 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth west_bank female "73 years (1995 est.)" );; line 121702 (wfb::source-text total_fertility_rate west_bank "5.34 children born/woman (1995 est.)" );; line 121706 (wfb::source-text nationality west_bank noun "NA" );; line 121711 (wfb::source-text nationality west_bank adjective "NA" );; line 121713 (wfb::source-text ethnic-entity west_bank "Palestinian Arab and other 83%, Jewish 17%" );; line 121717 (wfb::source-text religion west_bank "Muslim 75% (predominantly Sunni), Jewish 17%, Christian and other 8%" );; line 121721 (wfb::source-text language west_bank "Arabic, Hebrew (spoken by Israeli settlers), English (widely understood)" );; line 121726 (wfb::source-text literacy west_bank "NA%" );; line 121731 (wfb::source-text total_labor_force west_bank "NA" );; line 121735 (wfb::source-text labor_force_by_occupation west_bank by_occupation "construction 28.2%, agriculture 21.8%, industry 14.5%, commerce, restaurants, and hotels 12.6%, other services 22.9% (1991)" );; line 121737 (wfb::source-text note west_bank "Under the Israeli-PLO Declaration of Principles on Interim Self-Government Arragements (\"the DOP\"), Israel agreed to transfer certain powers and responsibilities to the Palestinian Authority, and subsequently to an elected Palestinian Council, as part of interim self-governing arrangements in the West Bank and Gaza Strip. A transfer of powers and responsibilities for the Gaza Strip and Jericho has taken place pursuant to the Israel-PLO 4 May 1994 Cairo Agreement on the Gaza Strip and the Jericho Area. A transfer of powers and responsibilities in certain spheres for the rest of the West Bank has taken place pursuant to the Israel-PLO 29 August 1994 Agreement on Preparatory Transfer of Powers and Responsibilities. The DOP provides that Israel will retain responsibility during the transitional period for external security and for internal security and public order of settlements and Israelis. Final status is to be determined through direct negotiations within five years." );; line 121745 (wfb::source-text names west_bank conventional_long_form "none" );; line 121762 (wfb::source-text names west_bank conventional_short_form "West Bank" );; line 121764 (wfb::source-text digraph west_bank "WE" );; line 121768 (wfb::source-text overview west_bank "Economic progress in the West Bank has been hampered by Israeli military administration and the effects of the Palestinian uprising (intifadah). Industries using advanced technology or requiring sizable investment have been discouraged by a lack of local capital and restrictive Israeli policies. Capital investment consists largely of residential housing, not productive assets that would enable local Palestinian firms to compete with Israeli industry. GDP has been substantially supplemented by remittances of workers employed in Israel and Persian Gulf states. Such transfers from the Gulf dropped after Iraq invaded Kuwait in August 1990. In the wake of the Persian Gulf crisis, many Palestinians have returned to the West Bank, increasing unemployment, and export revenues have dropped because of the decline of markets in Jordan and the Gulf states. Israeli measures to curtail the intifadah also have added to unemployment and lowered living standards. The area's economic situation has worsened since Israel's partial closure of the territories in 1993." );; line 121773 (wfb::source-text national_product west_bank "GDP - purchasing power parity - $4 billion (1994 est.)" );; line 121791 (wfb::source-text national_product_real_growth_rate west_bank "NA%" );; line 121795 (wfb::source-text national_product_per_capita west_bank "$2,800 (1994 est.)" );; line 121799 (wfb::source-text |Inflation rate (consumer prices)| west_bank "6.8% (1993)" );; line 121803 (wfb::source-text unemployment_rate west_bank "35% (1994 est.)" );; line 121807 (wfb::source-text budget west_bank revenues "$43.4 million" );; line 121812 (wfb::source-text budget west_bank expenditures "$43.7 million, including capital expenditures of $NA (FY89/90)" );; line 121814 (wfb::source-text exports west_bank "$217 million (f.o.b., 1992)" );; line 121818 (wfb::source-text exports west_bank commodities "olives, fruit, vegetables" );; line 121820 (wfb::source-text exports west_bank partners "Jordan, Israel" );; line 121822 (wfb::source-text imports west_bank "$867 million (c.i.f., 1992)" );; line 121826 (wfb::source-text imports west_bank commodities "food, consumer goods, construction materials" );; line 121828 (wfb::source-text imports west_bank partners "Jordan, Israel" );; line 121830 (wfb::source-text external_debt west_bank "$NA" );; line 121834 (wfb::source-text industrial_production west_bank "growth rate NA%" );; line 121838 (wfb::source-text electricity west_bank capacity "NA kW" );; line 121843 (wfb::source-text electricity west_bank production "NA kWh" );; line 121845 (wfb::source-text electricity west_bank consumption_per_capita "NA kWh" );; line 121847 (wfb::source-text industry west_bank "generally small family businesses that produce cement, textiles, soap, olive-wood carvings, and mother-of-pearl souvenirs; the Israelis have established some small-scale modern industries in the settlements and industrial centers" );; line 121858 (wfb::source-text agriculture west_bank "olives, citrus and other fruits, vegetables, beef, and dairy products" );; line 121865 (wfb::source-text economic_aid west_bank "$NA" );; line 121870 (wfb::source-text currency west_bank "1 new Israeli shekel (NIS) = 100 new agorot; 1 Jordanian dinar (JD) = 1,000 fils" );; line 121874 (wfb::source-text exchange_rates west_bank "new Israeli shekels (NIS) per US$1 - 3.0270 (December 1994), 3.0111 (1994), 2.8301 (1993), 2.4591 (1992), 2.2791 (1991), 2.0162 (1990); Jordanian dinars (JD) per US$1 - 0.6995 (January 1995), 0.6987 (1994), 0.6928 (1993), 0.6797 (1992), 0.6808 (1991), 0.6636 (1990)" );; line 121879 (wfb::source-text fiscal_year west_bank "calendar year (since 1 January 1992)" );; line 121886 (wfb::source-text railroads west_bank "0 km" );; line 121891 (wfb::source-text highways west_bank total "NA" );; line 121896 (wfb::source-text highways west_bank paved "NA" );; line 121898 (wfb::source-text highways west_bank unpaved "NA" );; line 121900 (wfb::source-text port west_bank "none" );; line 121907 (wfb::source-text airports west_bank total "2" );; line 121912 (wfb::source-text airports west_bank |with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m| "1" );; line 121914 (wfb::source-text airports west_bank with_paved_runways_under_914_m "1" );; line 121916 (wfb::source-text telephone_system west_bank "NA telephones; note - 8% of Palestinian households have telephones (1992 est.)" );; line 121921 (wfb::source-text telephone_system west_bank local "NA" );; line 121924 (wfb::source-text telephone_system west_bank intercity "NA" );; line 121926 (wfb::source-text telephone_system west_bank international "NA" );; line 121928 (wfb::source-text radio west_bank broadcast_stations "AM 1, FM 0, shortwave 0" );; line 121936 (wfb::source-text radio west_bank radios "NA; note - 82% of Palestinian households have radios (1992 est.)" );; line 121938 (wfb::source-text television west_bank broadcast_stations "0; note - 1 planned for Jericho" );; line 121943 (wfb::source-text television west_bank televisions "NA; note - 54% of Palestinian households have televisions (1992 est.)" );; line 121945 (wfb::source-text defense_branch west_bank "NA" );; line 121952 (wfb::source-text defense_expenditures west_bank "$NA, NA% of GDP" );; line 121956 (wfb::source-text location western_sahara "Northern Africa, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean, between Mauritania and Morocco" );; line 121966 (wfb::source-text map_references western_sahara "Africa" );; line 121971 (wfb::source-text area western_sahara total_area "266,000 sq km" );; line 121976 (wfb::source-text area western_sahara land_area "266,000 sq km" );; line 121978 (wfb::source-text area western_sahara comparative_area "slightly smaller than Colorado" );; line 121980 (wfb::source-text borders western_sahara "total 2,046 km, Algeria 42 km, Mauritania 1,561 km, Morocco 443 km" );; line 121984 (wfb::source-text coastline western_sahara "1,110 km" );; line 121989 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims western_sahara "contingent upon resolution of sovereignty issue" );; line 121993 (wfb::source-text international_disputes western_sahara "claimed and administered by Morocco, but sovereignty is unresolved and the UN is attempting to hold a referendum on the issue; the UN-administered cease-fire has been currently in effect since September 1991" );; line 121997 (wfb::source-text climate western_sahara "hot, dry desert; rain is rare; cold offshore air currents produce fog and heavy dew" );; line 122003 (wfb::source-text terrain western_sahara "mostly low, flat desert with large areas of rocky or sandy surfaces rising to small mountains in south and northeast" );; line 122008 (wfb::source-text natural-resource western_sahara "phosphates, iron ore" );; line 122013 (wfb::source-text land_use western_sahara arable_land "0%" );; line 122018 (wfb::source-text land_use western_sahara permanent_crops "0%" );; line 122020 (wfb::source-text land_use western_sahara meadows_and_pastures "19%" );; line 122022 (wfb::source-text land_use western_sahara forest_and_woodland "0%" );; line 122024 (wfb::source-text land_use western_sahara other "81%" );; line 122026 (wfb::source-text irrigated_land western_sahara "NA sq km" );; line 122030 (wfb::source-text environment western_sahara current_issues "sparse water and arable land" );; line 122035 (wfb::source-text environment western_sahara natural_hazards "hot, dry, dust/sand-laden sirocco wind can occur during winter and spring; widespread harmattan haze exists 60% of time, often severely restricting visibility" );; line 122037 (wfb::source-text environment western_sahara international_agreements "NA" );; line 122041 (wfb::source-text population western_sahara "217,211 (July 1995 est.)" );; line 122047 (wfb::source-text age_structure western_sahara 0-14_years "NA" );; line 122052 (wfb::source-text age_structure western_sahara 15-64_years "NA" );; line 122054 (wfb::source-text age_structure western_sahara 65_years_and_over "NA" );; line 122056 (wfb::source-text population_growth_rate western_sahara "2.48% (1995 est.)" );; line 122060 (wfb::source-text birth_rate western_sahara "46.9 births/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 122064 (wfb::source-text death_rate western_sahara "18.52 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 122068 (wfb::source-text net_migration_rate western_sahara "-3.62 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 122072 (wfb::source-text infant_mortality_rate western_sahara "148.95 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.)" );; line 122076 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth western_sahara total_population "46.31 years" );; line 122081 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth western_sahara male "45.34 years" );; line 122083 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth western_sahara female "47.59 years (1995 est.)" );; line 122085 (wfb::source-text total_fertility_rate western_sahara "6.91 children born/woman (1995 est.)" );; line 122089 (wfb::source-text nationality western_sahara noun "Sahrawi(s), Sahraoui(s)" );; line 122094 (wfb::source-text nationality western_sahara adjective "Sahrawian, Sahraouian" );; line 122096 (wfb::source-text ethnic-entity western_sahara "Arab, Berber" );; line 122100 (wfb::source-text religion western_sahara "Muslim" );; line 122104 (wfb::source-text language western_sahara "Hassaniya Arabic, Moroccan Arabic" );; line 122108 (wfb::source-text literacy western_sahara "NA%" );; line 122112 (wfb::source-text total_labor_force western_sahara "12,000" );; line 122116 (wfb::source-text labor_force_by_occupation western_sahara by_occupation "animal husbandry and subsistence farming 50%" );; line 122118 (wfb::source-text names western_sahara conventional_long_form "none" );; line 122124 (wfb::source-text names western_sahara conventional_short_form "Western Sahara" );; line 122126 (wfb::source-text digraph western_sahara "WI" );; line 122130 (wfb::source-text type western_sahara "legal status of territory and question of sovereignty unresolved; territory contested by Morocco and Polisario Front (Popular Front for the Liberation of the Saguia el Hamra and Rio de Oro), which in February 1976 formally proclaimed a government in exile of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic (SADR); territory partitioned between Morocco and Mauritania in April 1976, with Morocco acquiring northern two-thirds; Mauritania, under pressure from Polisario guerrillas, abandoned all claims to its portion in August 1979; Morocco moved to occupy that sector shortly thereafter and has since asserted administrative control; the Polisario's government in exile was seated as an OAU member in 1984; guerrilla activities continued sporadically, until a UN-monitored cease-fire was implemented 6 September 1991" );; line 122134 (wfb::source-text capital western_sahara "none" );; line 122148 (wfb::source-text administrative_divisions western_sahara "none (under de facto control of Morocco)" );; line 122152 (wfb::source-text executive_branch western_sahara "none" );; line 122156 (wfb::source-text member_of western_sahara "none" );; line 122160 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us western_sahara "none" );; line 122164 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation western_sahara "none" );; line 122168 (wfb::source-text overview western_sahara "Western Sahara, a territory poor in natural resources and having little rainfall, depends on pastoral nomadism, fishing, and phosphate mining as the principal sources of income for the population. Most of the food for the urban population must be imported. All trade and other economic activities are controlled by the Moroccan Government. Incomes and standards of living are substantially below the Moroccan level." );; line 122173 (wfb::source-text national_product western_sahara "GDP $NA" );; line 122182 (wfb::source-text national_product_real_growth_rate western_sahara "NA%" );; line 122186 (wfb::source-text national_product_per_capita western_sahara "$NA" );; line 122190 (wfb::source-text |Inflation rate (consumer prices)| western_sahara "NA%" );; line 122194 (wfb::source-text unemployment_rate western_sahara "NA%" );; line 122198 (wfb::source-text budget western_sahara revenues "$NA" );; line 122203 (wfb::source-text budget western_sahara expenditures "$NA, including capital expenditures of $NA" );; line 122205 (wfb::source-text exports western_sahara "$8 million (f.o.b., 1982 est.)" );; line 122209 (wfb::source-text exports western_sahara commodities "phosphates 62%" );; line 122211 (wfb::source-text exports western_sahara partners "Morocco claims and administers Western Sahara, so trade partners are included in overall Moroccan accounts" );; line 122213 (wfb::source-text imports western_sahara "$30 million (c.i.f., 1982 est.)" );; line 122218 (wfb::source-text imports western_sahara commodities "fuel for fishing fleet, foodstuffs" );; line 122220 (wfb::source-text imports western_sahara partners "Morocco claims and administers Western Sahara, so trade partners are included in overall Moroccan accounts" );; line 122222 (wfb::source-text external_debt western_sahara "$NA" );; line 122227 (wfb::source-text industrial_production western_sahara "growth rate NA%" );; line 122231 (wfb::source-text electricity western_sahara capacity "60,000 kW" );; line 122236 (wfb::source-text electricity western_sahara production "79 million kWh" );; line 122238 (wfb::source-text electricity western_sahara consumption_per_capita "339 kWh (1993)" );; line 122240 (wfb::source-text industry western_sahara "phosphate mining, handicrafts" );; line 122244 (wfb::source-text agriculture western_sahara "limited largely to subsistence agriculture and fishing; some barley is grown in nondrought years; fruit and vegetables are grown in the few oases; food imports are essential; camels, sheep, and goats are kept by the nomadic natives; cash economy exists largely for the garrison forces" );; line 122248 (wfb::source-text economic_aid western_sahara "$NA" );; line 122255 (wfb::source-text currency western_sahara "1 Moroccan dirham (DH) = 100 centimes" );; line 122259 (wfb::source-text exchange_rates western_sahara "Moroccan dirhams (DH) per US$1 - 8.892 (January 1995), 9.203 (1994), 9.299 (1993), 8.538 (1992), 8.707 (1991), 8.242 (1990)" );; line 122263 (wfb::source-text fiscal_year western_sahara "NA" );; line 122268 (wfb::source-text railroads western_sahara "0 km" );; line 122273 (wfb::source-text highways western_sahara total "6,200 km" );; line 122278 (wfb::source-text highways western_sahara unpaved "gravel 1,450 km; improved, unimproved earth, tracks 4,750 km" );; line 122280 (wfb::source-text port western_sahara "Ad Dakhla, Cabo Bojador, El Aaiun" );; line 122284 (wfb::source-text airports western_sahara total "14" );; line 122289 (wfb::source-text airports western_sahara |with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m| "3" );; line 122291 (wfb::source-text airports western_sahara with_paved_runways_under_914_m "3" );; line 122293 (wfb::source-text airports western_sahara |with unpaved runways 1,524 to 2,438 m| "1" );; line 122295 (wfb::source-text airports western_sahara |with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m| "7" );; line 122297 (wfb::source-text telephone_system western_sahara "2,000 telephones; sparse and limited system" );; line 122302 (wfb::source-text telephone_system western_sahara local "NA" );; line 122304 (wfb::source-text telephone_system western_sahara intercity "NA" );; line 122306 (wfb::source-text telephone_system western_sahara international "tied into Morocco's system by microwave radio relay, troposcatter, and 2 INTELSAT (Atlantic Ocean) earth stations linked to Rabat, Morocco" );; line 122308 (wfb::source-text radio western_sahara broadcast_stations "AM 2, FM 0, shortwave 0" );; line 122314 (wfb::source-text radio western_sahara radios "NA" );; line 122316 (wfb::source-text television western_sahara broadcast_stations "2" );; line 122321 (wfb::source-text television western_sahara televisions "NA" );; line 122323 (wfb::source-text defense_branch western_sahara "NA" );; line 122329 (wfb::source-text defense_expenditures western_sahara "$NA, NA% of GDP" );; line 122333 (wfb::source-text location western_samoa "Oceania, group of islands in the South Pacific Ocean, about one-half of the way from Hawaii to New Zealand" );; line 122343 (wfb::source-text map_references western_samoa "Oceania" );; line 122348 (wfb::source-text area western_samoa total_area "2,860 sq km" );; line 122353 (wfb::source-text area western_samoa land_area "2,850 sq km" );; line 122355 (wfb::source-text area western_samoa comparative_area "slightly smaller than Rhode Island" );; line 122357 (wfb::source-text borders western_samoa "0 km" );; line 122361 (wfb::source-text coastline western_samoa "403 km" );; line 122365 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims western_samoa exclusive_economic_zone "200 nm" );; line 122370 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims western_samoa territorial_sea "12 nm" );; line 122372 (wfb::source-text international_disputes western_samoa "none" );; line 122376 (wfb::source-text climate western_samoa "tropical; rainy season (October to March), dry season (May to October)" );; line 122380 (wfb::source-text terrain western_samoa "narrow coastal plain with volcanic, rocky, rugged mountains in interior" );; line 122385 (wfb::source-text natural-resource western_samoa "hardwood forests, fish" );; line 122390 (wfb::source-text land_use western_samoa arable_land "19%" );; line 122395 (wfb::source-text land_use western_samoa permanent_crops "24%" );; line 122397 (wfb::source-text land_use western_samoa meadows_and_pastures "0%" );; line 122399 (wfb::source-text land_use western_samoa forest_and_woodland "47%" );; line 122401 (wfb::source-text land_use western_samoa other "10%" );; line 122403 (wfb::source-text irrigated_land western_samoa "NA sq km" );; line 122407 (wfb::source-text environment western_samoa current_issues "soil erosion" );; line 122412 (wfb::source-text environment western_samoa natural_hazards "occasional typhoons; active volcanism" );; line 122414 (wfb::source-text environment western_samoa international_agreements "party to - Biodiversity, Climate Change, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection; signed, but not ratified - Law of the Sea" );; line 122416 (wfb::source-text population western_samoa "209,360 (July 1995 est.)" );; line 122423 (wfb::source-text age_structure western_samoa 0-14_years "40% (female 41,503; male 42,844)" );; line 122428 (wfb::source-text age_structure western_samoa 15-64_years "56% (female 55,683; male 61,065)" );; line 122430 (wfb::source-text age_structure western_samoa 65_years_and_over "4% (female 4,323; male 3,942) (July 1995 est.)" );; line 122432 (wfb::source-text population_growth_rate western_samoa "2.37% (1995 est.)" );; line 122436 (wfb::source-text birth_rate western_samoa "31.74 births/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 122440 (wfb::source-text death_rate western_samoa "5.88 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 122444 (wfb::source-text net_migration_rate western_samoa "-2.14 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 122448 (wfb::source-text infant_mortality_rate western_samoa "35.5 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.)" );; line 122452 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth western_samoa total_population "68.38 years" );; line 122457 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth western_samoa male "65.99 years" );; line 122459 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth western_samoa female "70.88 years (1995 est.)" );; line 122461 (wfb::source-text total_fertility_rate western_samoa "4.04 children born/woman (1995 est.)" );; line 122465 (wfb::source-text nationality western_samoa noun "Western Samoan(s)" );; line 122470 (wfb::source-text nationality western_samoa adjective "Western Samoan" );; line 122472 (wfb::source-text ethnic-entity western_samoa "Samoan 92.6%, Euronesians 7% (persons of European and Polynesian blood), Europeans 0.4%" );; line 122476 (wfb::source-text religion western_samoa "Christian 99.7% (about one-half of population associated with the London Missionary Society; includes Congregational, Roman Catholic, Methodist, Latter Day Saints, Seventh-Day Adventist)" );; line 122481 (wfb::source-text language western_samoa "Samoan (Polynesian), English" );; line 122487 (wfb::source-text literacy western_samoa "age 15 and over can read and write (1971)" );; line 122491 (wfb::source-text literacy western_samoa total_population "97%" );; line 122493 (wfb::source-text literacy western_samoa male "97%" );; line 122495 (wfb::source-text literacy western_samoa female "97%" );; line 122497 (wfb::source-text total_labor_force western_samoa "NA" );; line 122501 (wfb::source-text labor_force_by_occupation western_samoa by_occupation "agriculture 60%" );; line 122503 (wfb::source-text names western_samoa conventional_long_form "Independent State of Western Samoa" );; line 122509 (wfb::source-text names western_samoa conventional_short_form "Western Samoa" );; line 122511 (wfb::source-text digraph western_samoa "WS" );; line 122515 (wfb::source-text type western_samoa "constitutional monarchy under native chief" );; line 122519 (wfb::source-text capital western_samoa "Apia" );; line 122523 (wfb::source-text administrative_divisions western_samoa "11 districts; A'ana, Aiga-i-le-Tai, Atua, Fa'asaleleaga, Gaga'emauga, Gagaifomauga, Palauli, Satupa'itea, Tuamasaga, Va'a-o-Fonoti, Vaisigano" );; line 122527 (wfb::source-text independence western_samoa "1 January 1962 (from UN trusteeship administered by New Zealand)" );; line 122533 (wfb::source-text national_holiday western_samoa "National Day, 1 June (1962)" );; line 122537 (wfb::source-text constitution western_samoa "1 January 1962" );; line 122541 (wfb::source-text legal_system western_samoa "based on English common law and local customs; judicial review of legislative acts with respect to fundamental rights of the citizen; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction" );; line 122545 (wfb::source-text suffrage western_samoa "21 years of age; universal" );; line 122551 (wfb::source-text executive_branch western_samoa chief_of_state "Chief Susuga Malietoa TANUMAFILI II (Co-Chief of State from 1 January 1962 until becoming sole Chief of State on 5 April 1963)" );; line 122556 (wfb::source-text executive_branch western_samoa head_of_government "Prime Minister TOFILAU Eti Alesana (since 7 April 1988)" );; line 122559 (wfb::source-text executive_branch western_samoa cabinet "Cabinet; appointed by the head of state with the prime minister's advice" );; line 122561 (wfb::source-text legislative_structure western_samoa "unicameral" );; line 122566 (wfb::source-text legislative_branch western_samoa |Legislative Assembly (Fono)| "elections last held 5 April 1991 (next to be held by NA 1996); results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (47 total) HRPP 28, SNDP 18, independents 1" );; line 122568 (wfb::source-text judicial_branch western_samoa "Supreme Court, Court of Appeal" );; line 122577 (wfb::source-text political_parties_and_leaders western_samoa "Human Rights Protection Party (HRPP), TOFILAU Eti Alesana, chairman; Samoan National Development Party (SNDP), TAPUA Tamasese Efi, chairman" );; line 122581 (wfb::source-text member_of western_samoa "ACP, AsDB, C, ESCAP, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IMF, INTELSAT (nonsignatory user), IOC, ITU, SPARTECA, SPC, SPF, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UPU, WHO" );; line 122586 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us western_samoa chief_of_mission "Ambassador Tuiloma Neroni SLADE" );; line 122593 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us western_samoa chancery "820 Second Avenue, Suite 800, New York, NY 10017" );; line 122595 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us western_samoa telephone "[1] (212) 599-6196, 6197" );; line 122597 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us western_samoa fax "[1] (212) 599-0797" );; line 122599 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation western_samoa chief_of_mission "the ambassador to New Zealand is accredited to Western Samoa" );; line 122604 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation western_samoa embassy "5th floor, Beach Road, Apia" );; line 122606 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation western_samoa mailing_address "P.O. Box 3430, Apia" );; line 122608 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation western_samoa telephone "[685] 21631" );; line 122610 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation western_samoa fax "[685] 22030" );; line 122612 (wfb::source-text flag western_samoa "red with a blue rectangle in the upper hoist-side quadrant bearing five white five-pointed stars representing the Southern Cross constellation" );; line 122616 (wfb::source-text overview western_samoa "Agriculture employs more than half of the labor force, contributes 50% to GDP, and furnishes 90% of exports. The bulk of export earnings comes from the sale of coconut oil and copra. The economy depends on emigrant remittances and foreign aid to support a level of imports much greater than export earnings. Tourism has become the most important growth industry. The economy continued to falter in 1994, as remittances and tourist earnings remained low. Production of taro, the primary food export crop, has dropped 97% since a fungal disease struck the crop in 1993. The rapid growth in 1994 of the giant African snail population in Western Samoa is also threatening the country's basic food crops, such as bananas and coconuts." );; line 122622 (wfb::source-text national_product western_samoa "GDP - purchasing power parity - $400 million (1992 est.)" );; line 122635 (wfb::source-text national_product_real_growth_rate western_samoa "-4.3% (1992 est.)" );; line 122639 (wfb::source-text national_product_per_capita western_samoa "$2,000 (1992 est.)" );; line 122643 (wfb::source-text |Inflation rate (consumer prices)| western_samoa "14% (1994 est.)" );; line 122647 (wfb::source-text unemployment_rate western_samoa "NA%" );; line 122651 (wfb::source-text budget western_samoa revenues "$95.3 million" );; line 122656 (wfb::source-text budget western_samoa expenditures "$76.7 million, including capital expenditures of $NA (1994 est.)" );; line 122658 (wfb::source-text exports western_samoa "$6.4 million (f.o.b., 1993)" );; line 122662 (wfb::source-text exports western_samoa commodities "coconut oil and cream, taro, copra, cocoa" );; line 122664 (wfb::source-text exports western_samoa partners "New Zealand 34%, American Samoa 21%, Germany 18%, Australia 11%" );; line 122666 (wfb::source-text imports western_samoa "$11.5 million (c.i.f., 1992 est.)" );; line 122670 (wfb::source-text imports western_samoa commodities "intermediate goods 58%, food 17%, capital goods 12%" );; line 122672 (wfb::source-text imports western_samoa partners "New Zealand 37%, Australia 25%, Japan 11%, Fiji 9%" );; line 122674 (wfb::source-text external_debt western_samoa "$141 million (June 1993)" );; line 122678 (wfb::source-text industrial_production western_samoa "growth rate -0.3% (1992 est.); accounts for 16% of GDP" );; line 122682 (wfb::source-text electricity western_samoa capacity "29,000 kW" );; line 122687 (wfb::source-text electricity western_samoa production "50 million kWh" );; line 122689 (wfb::source-text electricity western_samoa consumption_per_capita "200 kWh (1993)" );; line 122691 (wfb::source-text industry western_samoa "timber, tourism, food processing, fishing" );; line 122695 (wfb::source-text agriculture western_samoa "accounts for about 50% of GDP; coconuts, fruit (including bananas, taro, yams)" );; line 122699 (wfb::source-text economic_aid western_samoa recipient "US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-89), $18 million; Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-89), $306 million; OPEC bilateral aid (1979-89), $4 million" );; line 122705 (wfb::source-text currency western_samoa "1 tala (WS$) = 100 sene" );; line 122711 (wfb::source-text exchange_rates western_samoa "tala (WS$) per US$1 - 2.4600 (January 1995), 2.5349 (1994), 2.5681 (1993), 2.4655 (1992), 2.3975 (1991), 2.3095 (1990)" );; line 122715 (wfb::source-text fiscal_year western_samoa "calendar year" );; line 122720 (wfb::source-text railroads western_samoa "0 km" );; line 122725 (wfb::source-text highways western_samoa total "2,042 km" );; line 122730 (wfb::source-text highways western_samoa paved "375 km" );; line 122732 (wfb::source-text highways western_samoa unpaved "gravel, crushed stone, earth 1,667 km" );; line 122734 (wfb::source-text port western_samoa "Apia, Asau, Mulifanua, Salelologa" );; line 122738 (wfb::source-text merchant_marine western_samoa total "1 roll-on/roll-off cargo ship (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 3,838 GRT/5,536 DWT" );; line 122743 (wfb::source-text airports western_samoa total "3" );; line 122749 (wfb::source-text airports western_samoa |with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m| "1" );; line 122751 (wfb::source-text airports western_samoa with_paved_runways_under_914_m "2" );; line 122753 (wfb::source-text telephone_system western_samoa "7,500 telephones" );; line 122758 (wfb::source-text telephone_system western_samoa local "NA" );; line 122760 (wfb::source-text telephone_system western_samoa intercity "NA" );; line 122762 (wfb::source-text telephone_system western_samoa international "1 INTELSAT (Pacific Ocean) earth station" );; line 122764 (wfb::source-text radio western_samoa broadcast_stations "AM 1, FM 0, shortwave 0" );; line 122769 (wfb::source-text radio western_samoa radios "70,000" );; line 122771 (wfb::source-text television western_samoa broadcast_stations "0" );; line 122776 (wfb::source-text television western_samoa televisions "NA" );; line 122778 (wfb::source-text defense_branch western_samoa "no regular armed services; Western Samoa Police Force" );; line 122784 (wfb::source-text defense_expenditures western_samoa "$NA, NA% of GDP" );; line 122788 (wfb::source-text map_references world "World, Time Zones" );; line 122798 (wfb::source-text area world total_area "510.072 million sq km" );; line 122803 (wfb::source-text area world land_area "148.94 million sq km" );; line 122805 (wfb::source-text area world water_area "361.132 million sq km" );; line 122807 (wfb::source-text area world comparative_area "land area about 16 times the size of the US" );; line 122809 (wfb::source-text borders world "the land boundaries in the world total 250,883.64 km (not counting shared boundaries twice)" );; line 122815 (wfb::source-text coastline world "356,000 km" );; line 122820 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims world contiguous_zone "24 nm claimed by most but can vary" );; line 122825 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims world continental_shelf "200-m depth claimed by most or to depth of exploitation, others claim 200 nm or to the edge of the continental margin" );; line 122827 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims world exclusive_fishing_zone "200 nm claimed by most but can vary" );; line 122830 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims world exclusive_economic_zone "200 nm claimed by most but can vary" );; line 122832 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims world territorial_sea "12 nm claimed by most but can vary" );; line 122834 (wfb::source-text climate world "two large areas of polar climates separated by two rather narrow temperate zones from a wide equatorial band of tropical to subtropical climates" );; line 122849 (wfb::source-text terrain world "highest elevation is Mt. Everest at 8,848 meters and lowest depression is the Dead Sea at 392 meters below sea level; greatest ocean depth is the Marianas Trench at 10,924 meters" );; line 122854 (wfb::source-text natural-resource world "the rapid using up of nonrenewable mineral resources, the depletion of forest areas and wetlands, the extinction of animal and plant species, and the deterioration in air and water quality (especially in Eastern Europe and the former USSR) pose serious long-term problems that governments and peoples are only beginning to address" );; line 122860 (wfb::source-text land_use world arable_land "10%" );; line 122869 (wfb::source-text land_use world permanent_crops "1%" );; line 122871 (wfb::source-text land_use world meadows_and_pastures "24%" );; line 122873 (wfb::source-text land_use world forest_and_woodland "31%" );; line 122875 (wfb::source-text land_use world other "34%" );; line 122877 (wfb::source-text irrigated_land world "NA sq km" );; line 122881 (wfb::source-text environment world current_issues "large areas subject to overpopulation, industrial disasters, pollution (air, water, acid rain, toxic substances), loss of vegetation (overgrazing, deforestation, desertification), loss of wildlife, soil degradation, soil depletion, erosion" );; line 122886 (wfb::source-text environment world natural_hazards "large areas subject to severe weather (tropical cyclones), natural disasters (earthquakes, landslides, tsunamis, volcanic eruptions)" );; line 122891 (wfb::source-text environment world international_agreements "23 selected international environmental agreements included under the Environment entry for each country and in Appendix E: Selected International Environmental Agreements" );; line 122894 (wfb::source-text population world "5,733,687,096 (July 1995 est.)" );; line 122902 (wfb::source-text age_structure world 0-14_years "31.6% (female 882,809,689; male 928,121,801)" );; line 122907 (wfb::source-text age_structure world 15-64_years "62% (female 1,752,393,539; male 1,802,004,124)" );; line 122909 (wfb::source-text age_structure world 65_years_and_over "6.4% (female 209,437,234; male 158,246,581) (July 1995 est.)" );; line 122911 (wfb::source-text population_growth_rate world "1.5% (1995 est.)" );; line 122915 (wfb::source-text birth_rate world "24 births/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 122919 (wfb::source-text death_rate world "9 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 122923 (wfb::source-text infant_mortality_rate world "64 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.)" );; line 122927 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth world total_population "62 years" );; line 122932 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth world male "61 years" );; line 122934 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth world female "64 years (1995 est.)" );; line 122936 (wfb::source-text total_fertility_rate world "3.1 children born/woman (1995 est.)" );; line 122940 (wfb::source-text total_labor_force world "2.24 billion (1992)" );; line 122944 (wfb::source-text labor_force_by_occupation world by_occupation "NA" );; line 122946 (wfb::source-text digraph world "XX" );; line 122951 (wfb::source-text administrative_divisions world "265 nations, dependent areas, other, and miscellaneous entries" );; line 122955 (wfb::source-text legal_system world "varies by individual country; 186 (note including Yugoslavia) are parties to the United Nations International Court of Justice (ICJ or World Court)" );; line 122959 (wfb::source-text overview world "Led by recovery in Western Europe and strong performances by the US, Canada, and key Third World countries, real global output - gross world product (GWP) - rose 3% in 1994 compared with 2% in 1993. Results varied widely among regions and countries. Average growth of 3% in the GDP of industrialized countries (60% of GWP in 1994) and average growth of 6% in the GDP of less developed countries (34% of GWP) were partly offset by a further 11% drop in the GDP of the former USSR/Eastern Europe area (now only 6% of GWP). With the notable exception of Japan at 2.9%, unemployment was typically 5%-12% in the industrial world. The US accounted for 22% of GWP in 1994; Western Europe accounted for another 22%; and Japan accounted for 8%. These are the three \"economic superpowers\" which are presumably destined to compete for mastery in international markets on into the 21st century. As for the less developed countries, China, India, and the Four Dragons - South Korea, Taiwan, Hong Kong, and Singapore - once again posted records of 5% growth or better; however, many other countries, especially in Africa, continued to suffer from drought, rapid population growth, inflation, and civil strife. Central Europe made considerable progress in moving toward \"market-friendly\" economies, whereas the 15 ex-Soviet countries (with the notable exceptions of the three Baltic states) typically experienced further declines in output, sometimes as high as 30%. Externally, the nation-state, as a bedrock economic-political institution, is steadily losing control over international flows of people, goods, funds, and technology. Internally, the central government in a number of cases is losing control over resources as separatist regional movements - typically based on ethnicity - gain momentum, e.g., in the successor states of the former Soviet Union, in the former Yugoslavia, and in India. In Western Europe, governments face the difficult political problem of channeling resources away from welfare programs in order to increase investment and strengthen incentives to seek employment. The addition of nearly 100 million people each year to an already overcrowded globe is exacerbating the problems of pollution, desertification, underemployment, epidemics, and famine. Because of their own internal problems, the industrialized countries have inadequate resources to deal effectively with the poorer areas of the world, which, at least from the economic point of view, are becoming further marginalized. (For the specific economic problems of each country, see the individual country entries in this volume.)" );; line 122966 (wfb::source-text national_product world "GWP (gross world product) - purchasing power parity - $30.7 trillion (1994 est.)" );; line 123004 (wfb::source-text national_product_real_growth_rate world "3.2% (1994 est.)" );; line 123009 (wfb::source-text national_product_per_capita world "$5,400 (1994 est.)" );; line 123013 (wfb::source-text |Inflation rate (consumer prices)| world all_countries "25%" );; line 123018 (wfb::source-text |Inflation rate (consumer prices)| world developed_countries "5%" );; line 123020 (wfb::source-text |Inflation rate (consumer prices)| world developing_countries "50% (1994 est.)" );; line 123022 (wfb::source-text unemployment_rate world "30% combined unemployment and underemployment in many non-industrialized countries; developed countries typically 5%-12% unemployment" );; line 123029 (wfb::source-text exports world "$4 trillion (f.o.b., 1994 est.)" );; line 123034 (wfb::source-text exports world commodities "the whole range of industrial and agricultural goods and services" );; line 123036 (wfb::source-text exports world partners "in value, about 75% of exports from the developed countries" );; line 123038 (wfb::source-text imports world "$4.1 trillion (c.i.f., 1994 est.)" );; line 123042 (wfb::source-text imports world commodities "the whole range of industrial and agricultural goods and services" );; line 123044 (wfb::source-text imports world partners "in value, about 75% of imports by the developed countries" );; line 123046 (wfb::source-text external_debt world "$1 trillion for less developed countries (1993 est.)" );; line 123050 (wfb::source-text industrial_production world "growth rate 5% (1994 est.)" );; line 123054 (wfb::source-text electricity world capacity "2,773,000,000 kW" );; line 123059 (wfb::source-text electricity world production "11.601 trillion kWh" );; line 123061 (wfb::source-text electricity world consumption_per_capita "1,937 kWh (1993)" );; line 123063 (wfb::source-text industry world "industry worldwide is dominated by the onrush of technology, especially in computers, robotics, telecommunications, and medicines and medical equipment; most of these advances take place in OECD nations; only a small portion of non-OECD countries have succeeded in rapidly adjusting to these technological forces, and the technological gap between the industrial nations and the less-developed countries continues to widen; the rapid development of new industrial (and agricultural) technology is complicating already grim environmental problems" );; line 123067 (wfb::source-text agriculture world "the production of major food crops has increased substantially in the last 20 years; the annual production of cereals, for instance, has risen by 50%, from about 1.2 billion metric tons to about 1.8 billion metric tons; production increases have resulted mainly from increased yields rather than increases in planted areas; while global production is sufficient for aggregate demand, about one-fifth of the world's population remains malnourished, primarily because local production cannot adequately provide for large and rapidly growing populations, which are too poor to pay for food imports; conditions are especially bad in Africa where drought in recent years has intensified the consequences of overpopulation" );; line 123078 (wfb::source-text economic_aid world "$NA" );; line 123091 (wfb::source-text railroads world total "1,201,337 km includes about 190,000 to 195,000 km of electrified routes of which 147,760 km are in Europe, 24,509 km in the Far East, 11,050 km in Africa, 4,223 km in South America, and 4,160 km in North America; note - fastest speed in daily service is 300 km/hr attained by France's SNCF TGV-Atlantique line" );; line 123097 (wfb::source-text railroads world broad_gauge "251,153 km" );; line 123103 (wfb::source-text railroads world standard_gauge "710,754 km" );; line 123105 (wfb::source-text railroads world narrow_gauge "239,430 km" );; line 123107 (wfb::source-text highways world total "NA" );; line 123112 (wfb::source-text highways world paved "NA" );; line 123114 (wfb::source-text highways world unpaved "NA" );; line 123116 (wfb::source-text port world "Chiba, Houston, Kawasaki, Kobe, Marseille, Mina' al Ahmadi (Kuwait), New Orleans, New York, Rotterdam, Yokohama" );; line 123120 (wfb::source-text merchant_marine world total "25,364 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 435,458,296 GRT/697,171,651 DWT" );; line 123126 (wfb::source-text merchant_marine world ships_by_type "barge carrier 39, bulk 5,202, cargo 8,121, chemical tanker 911, combination bulk 293, combination ore/oil 290, container 1,903, liquefied gas 675, livestock carrier 48, multifunction large-load carrier 53, oil tanker 4,332, passenger 287, passenger-cargo 114, railcar carrier 24, refrigerated cargo 1,023, roll-on/roll-off cargo 1,047, short-sea passenger 465, specialized tanker 77, vehicle carrier 460 (April 1995)" );; line 123129 (wfb::source-text telephone_system world local "NA" );; line 123140 (wfb::source-text telephone_system world intercity "NA" );; line 123142 (wfb::source-text telephone_system world international "NA" );; line 123144 (wfb::source-text radio world broadcast_stations "AM NA, FM NA, shortwave NA" );; line 123149 (wfb::source-text radio world radios "NA" );; line 123151 (wfb::source-text television world broadcast_stations "NA" );; line 123156 (wfb::source-text television world televisions "NA" );; line 123158 (wfb::source-text defense_branch world "ground, maritime, and air forces at all levels of technology" );; line 123164 (wfb::source-text defense_expenditures world "a further decline in 1994, by perhaps 5%-10%, to roughly three-quarters of a trillion dollars, or 2.5% of gross world product (1994 est.)" );; line 123168 (wfb::source-text location yemen "Middle East, bordering the Arabian Sea, Gulf of Aden, and Red Sea, between Oman and Saudi Arabia" );; line 123180 (wfb::source-text map_references yemen "Middle East" );; line 123185 (wfb::source-text area yemen total_area "527,970 sq km" );; line 123190 (wfb::source-text area yemen land_area "527,970 sq km" );; line 123192 (wfb::source-text area yemen comparative_area "slightly larger than twice the size of Wyoming" );; line 123194 (wfb::source-text borders yemen "total 1,746 km, Oman 288 km, Saudi Arabia 1,458 km" );; line 123202 (wfb::source-text coastline yemen "1,906 km" );; line 123206 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims yemen contiguous_zone "18 nm in the North; 24 nm in the South" );; line 123211 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims yemen continental_shelf "200 nm or to the edge of the continental margin" );; line 123213 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims yemen exclusive_economic_zone "200 nm" );; line 123215 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims yemen territorial_sea "12 nm" );; line 123217 (wfb::source-text international_disputes yemen "undefined section of boundary with Saudi Arabia; a treaty with Oman defining the Yemeni-Omani boundary was ratified in December 1992" );; line 123221 (wfb::source-text climate yemen "mostly desert; hot and humid along west coast; temperate in western mountains affected by seasonal monsoon; extraordinarily hot, dry, harsh desert in east" );; line 123226 (wfb::source-text terrain yemen "narrow coastal plain backed by flat-topped hills and rugged mountains; dissected upland desert plains in center slope into the desert interior of the Arabian Peninsula" );; line 123232 (wfb::source-text natural-resource yemen "petroleum, fish, rock salt, marble, small deposits of coal, gold, lead, nickel, and copper, fertile soil in west" );; line 123238 (wfb::source-text land_use yemen arable_land "6%" );; line 123244 (wfb::source-text land_use yemen permanent_crops "0%" );; line 123246 (wfb::source-text land_use yemen meadows_and_pastures "30%" );; line 123248 (wfb::source-text land_use yemen forest_and_woodland "7%" );; line 123250 (wfb::source-text land_use yemen other "57%" );; line 123252 (wfb::source-text irrigated_land yemen "3,100 sq km (1989 est.)" );; line 123256 (wfb::source-text environment yemen current_issues "very limited natural fresh water resources; inadequate supplies of potable water; overgrazing; soil erosion; desertification" );; line 123261 (wfb::source-text environment yemen natural_hazards "sandstorms and dust storms in summer" );; line 123264 (wfb::source-text environment yemen international_agreements "party to - Environmental Modification, Law of the Sea, Nuclear Test Ban; signed, but not ratified - Biodiversity, Climate Change" );; line 123266 (wfb::source-text note yemen "controls Bab el Mandeb, the strait linking the Red Sea and the Gulf of Aden, one of world's most active shipping lanes" );; line 123271 (wfb::source-text population yemen "14,728,474 (July 1995 est.)" );; line 123278 (wfb::source-text age_structure yemen 0-14_years "50% (female 3,551,953; male 3,776,358)" );; line 123283 (wfb::source-text age_structure yemen 15-64_years "48% (female 3,505,735; male 3,508,229)" );; line 123285 (wfb::source-text age_structure yemen 65_years_and_over "2% (female 216,210; male 169,989) (July 1995 est.)" );; line 123287 (wfb::source-text population_growth_rate yemen "4.02% (1995 est.)" );; line 123291 (wfb::source-text birth_rate yemen "44.85 births/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 123295 (wfb::source-text death_rate yemen "8.01 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 123299 (wfb::source-text net_migration_rate yemen "3.39 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 123303 (wfb::source-text infant_mortality_rate yemen "58.2 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.)" );; line 123307 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth yemen total_population "62.51 years" );; line 123312 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth yemen male "61.57 years" );; line 123314 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth yemen female "63.5 years (1995 est.)" );; line 123316 (wfb::source-text total_fertility_rate yemen "7.15 children born/woman (1995 est.)" );; line 123320 (wfb::source-text nationality yemen noun "Yemeni(s)" );; line 123325 (wfb::source-text nationality yemen adjective "Yemeni" );; line 123327 (wfb::source-text ethnic-entity yemen "predominantly Arab; Afro-Arab concentrations in western coastal locations; South Asians in southern regions; small European communities in major metropolitan areas" );; line 123331 (wfb::source-text religion yemen "Muslim including Sha'fi (Sunni) and Zaydi (Shi'a), small numbers of Jewish, Christian, and Hindu" );; line 123337 (wfb::source-text language yemen "Arabic" );; line 123342 (wfb::source-text literacy yemen "age 15 and over can read and write (1990 est.)" );; line 123346 (wfb::source-text literacy yemen total_population "38%" );; line 123348 (wfb::source-text literacy yemen male "53%" );; line 123350 (wfb::source-text literacy yemen female "26%" );; line 123352 (wfb::source-text total_labor_force yemen "no reliable estimates exist, most people are employed in agriculture and herding or as expatriate laborers; services, construction, industry, and commerce account for less than half of the labor force" );; line 123356 (wfb::source-text names yemen conventional_long_form "Republic of Yemen" );; line 123364 (wfb::source-text names yemen conventional_short_form "Yemen" );; line 123366 (wfb::source-text names yemen local_long_form "Al Jumhuriyah al Yamaniyah" );; line 123368 (wfb::source-text names yemen local_short_form "Al Yaman" );; line 123370 (wfb::source-text digraph yemen "YM" );; line 123374 (wfb::source-text type yemen "republic" );; line 123378 (wfb::source-text capital yemen "Sanaa" );; line 123382 (wfb::source-text administrative_divisions yemen "17 governorates (muhafazat, singular - muhafazah); Abyan, Adan, Al Bayda, Al Hudaydah, Al Jawf, Al Mahrah, Al Mahwit, Dhamar, Hadramaut, Hajjah, Ibb, Lahij, Marib, Sadah, Sana, Shabwah, Taizz" );; line 123386 (wfb::source-text independence yemen "22 May 1990 Republic of Yemen was established on 22 May 1990 with the merger of the Yemen Arab Republic {Yemen (Sanaa) or North Yemen} and the Marxist-dominated People's Democratic Republic of Yemen {Yemen (Aden) or South Yemen}; previously North Yemen had become independent on NA November 1918 (from the Ottoman Empire) and South Yemen had become independent on 30 November 1967 (from the UK)" );; line 123394 (wfb::source-text national_holiday yemen "Proclamation of the Republic, 22 May (1990)" );; line 123403 (wfb::source-text constitution yemen "16 May 1991" );; line 123407 (wfb::source-text legal_system yemen "based on Islamic law, Turkish law, English common law, and local tribal customary law; does not accept compulsory ICJ jurisdiction" );; line 123411 (wfb::source-text suffrage yemen "18 years of age; universal" );; line 123416 (wfb::source-text executive_branch yemen chief_of_state "President Ali Abdallah SALIH (since 22 May 1990, the former president of North Yemen); Vice President Abd al-Rab Mansur al-HADI (since NA October 1994)" );; line 123421 (wfb::source-text executive_branch yemen head_of_government "Prime Minister Abd al-Aziz ABD AL-GHANI (since NA October 1994)" );; line 123425 (wfb::source-text executive_branch yemen cabinet "Council of Ministers" );; line 123427 (wfb::source-text legislative_structure yemen "unicameral" );; line 123431 (wfb::source-text legislative_branch yemen house_of_representatives "elections last held 27 April 1993 (next to be held NA 1997); results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (301 total) GPC 124, Islaah 61, YSP 55, others 13, independents 47, election nullified 1" );; line 123433 (wfb::source-text judicial_branch yemen "Supreme Court" );; line 123439 (wfb::source-text political_parties_and_leaders yemen "over 40 political parties are active in Yemen, but only three project significant influence; since the May-July 1994 civil war, President SALIH's General People's Congress (GPC) and Shaykh Abdallah bin Husayn al-AHMAR's Yemeni Grouping for Reform, or Islaah, have joined to form a coalition government; the Yemeni Socialist Party (YSP), headed by Ali Salih UBAYD, has regrouped as a loyal opposition" );; line 123443 (wfb::source-text other_political_or_pressure_groups yemen "NA" );; line 123452 (wfb::source-text member_of yemen "ACC, AFESD, AL, AMF, CAEU, CCC, ESCWA, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, ITU, NAM, OIC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO" );; line 123456 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us yemen chief_of_mission "Ambassador Muhsin Ahmad al-AYNI" );; line 123463 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us yemen chancery "Suite 705, 2600 Virginia Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20037" );; line 123465 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us yemen telephone "[1] (202) 965-4760, 4761" );; line 123467 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us yemen fax "[1] (202) 337-2017" );; line 123469 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation yemen chief_of_mission "Ambassador David NEWTON" );; line 123474 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation yemen embassy "Dhahr Himyar Zone, Sheraton Hotel District, Sanaa" );; line 123476 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation yemen mailing_address "P. O. Box 22347 Sanaa; Sanaa, Department of State, Washington, DC 20521-6330" );; line 123478 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation yemen telephone "[967] (1) 238843 through 238852" );; line 123481 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation yemen fax "[967] (1) 251563" );; line 123483 (wfb::source-text flag yemen "three equal horizontal bands of red (top), white, and black; similar to the flag of Syria which has two green stars and of Iraq which has three green stars (plus an Arabic inscription) in a horizontal line centered in the white band; also similar to the flag of Egypt which has a symbolic eagle centered in the white band" );; line 123487 (wfb::source-text overview yemen "Whereas the northern city Sanaa is the political capital of a united Yemen, the southern city Aden, with its refinery and port facilities, is the economic and commercial capital. Future economic development depends heavily on Western-assisted development of the country's moderate oil resources. Former South Yemen's willingness to merge stemmed partly from the steady decline in Soviet economic support. The low level of domestic industry and agriculture has made northern Yemen dependent on imports for practically all of its essential needs. Once self-sufficient in food production, northern Yemen has become a major importer. Land once used for export crops - cotton, fruit, and vegetables - has been turned over to growing a shrub called qat, whose leaves are chewed for their stimulant effect by Yemenis and which has no significant export market. Economic growth in former South Yemen has been constrained by a lack of incentives, partly stemming from centralized control over production decisions, investment allocation, and import choices. Yemen's large trade deficits have been compensated for by remittances from Yemenis working abroad and by foreign aid. Since the Gulf crisis, remittances have dropped substantially. Growth in 1994-95 is constrained by low oil prices, rapid inflation, and political deadlock that are causing a lack of economic cooperation and leadership. However, a peace agreement with Saudi Arabia in February 1995 and the expectation of a rise in oil prices brighten Yemen's economic prospects." );; line 123496 (wfb::source-text national_product yemen "GDP - purchasing power parity - $23.4 billion (1994 est.)" );; line 123520 (wfb::source-text national_product_real_growth_rate yemen "-1.4% (1994 est.)" );; line 123524 (wfb::source-text national_product_per_capita yemen "$1,955 (1994 est.)" );; line 123528 (wfb::source-text |Inflation rate (consumer prices)| yemen "145% (1994 est.)" );; line 123532 (wfb::source-text unemployment_rate yemen "30% (December 1994)" );; line 123536 (wfb::source-text budget yemen revenues "$NA" );; line 123541 (wfb::source-text budget yemen expenditures "$NA, including capital expenditures of $NA" );; line 123543 (wfb::source-text exports yemen "$1.75 billion (f.o.b., 1994 est.)" );; line 123547 (wfb::source-text exports yemen commodities "crude oil, cotton, coffee, hides, vegetables, dried and salted fish" );; line 123549 (wfb::source-text exports yemen partners "Germany 28%, Japan 15%, UK 9%, Austria 7%, China 7% (1992)" );; line 123552 (wfb::source-text imports yemen "$2.65 billion (f.o.b., 1994 est.)" );; line 123556 (wfb::source-text imports yemen commodities "textiles and other manufactured consumer goods, petroleum products, sugar, grain, flour, other foodstuffs, cement, machinery, chemicals" );; line 123558 (wfb::source-text imports yemen partners "US 16%, UK 7%, Japan 6%, France 6%, Italy 6% (1992)" );; line 123561 (wfb::source-text external_debt yemen "$7 billion (1993)" );; line 123565 (wfb::source-text industrial_production yemen "growth rate NA%, accounts for 18% of GDP" );; line 123569 (wfb::source-text electricity yemen capacity "810,000 kW" );; line 123574 (wfb::source-text electricity yemen production "1.8 billion kWh" );; line 123576 (wfb::source-text electricity yemen consumption_per_capita "149 kWh (1993)" );; line 123578 (wfb::source-text industry yemen "crude oil production and petroleum refining; small-scale production of cotton textiles and leather goods; food processing; handicrafts; small aluminum products factory; cement" );; line 123582 (wfb::source-text agriculture yemen "accounts for 26% of GDP; products - grain, fruits, vegetables, qat (mildly narcotic shrub), coffee, cotton, dairy, poultry, meat, fish; not self-sufficient in grain" );; line 123588 (wfb::source-text economic_aid yemen recipient "US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-89), $389 million; Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-89), $2 billion; OPEC bilateral aid (1979-89), $3.2 billion; Communist countries (1970-89), $2.4 billion" );; line 123595 (wfb::source-text currency yemen "Yemeni rial (new currency); 1 North Yemeni riyal (YR) = 100 fils; 1 South Yemeni dinar (YD) = 1,000 fils" );; line 123602 (wfb::source-text exchange_rates yemen "Yemeni rials per US$1 - 12.0 (official); 90 (market rate, December 1994)" );; line 123611 (wfb::source-text fiscal_year yemen "calendar year" );; line 123616 (wfb::source-text railroads yemen "0 km" );; line 123621 (wfb::source-text highways yemen total "51,390 km" );; line 123626 (wfb::source-text highways yemen paved "4,830 km" );; line 123628 (wfb::source-text highways yemen unpaved "46,560 km (1992 est.)" );; line 123630 (wfb::source-text pipelines yemen "crude oil 644 km; petroleum products 32 km" );; line 123634 (wfb::source-text port yemen "Aden, Al Hudaydah, Al Mukalla, Mocha, Nishtun" );; line 123638 (wfb::source-text merchant_marine yemen total "3 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 12,059 GRT/18,563 DWT" );; line 123643 (wfb::source-text merchant_marine yemen ships_by_type "cargo 1, oil tanker 2" );; line 123645 (wfb::source-text airports yemen total "46" );; line 123650 (wfb::source-text airports yemen |with paved runways over 3,047 m| "2" );; line 123652 (wfb::source-text airports yemen |with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m| "6" );; line 123654 (wfb::source-text airports yemen |with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m| "1" );; line 123656 (wfb::source-text airports yemen |with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m| "1" );; line 123658 (wfb::source-text airports yemen with_paved_runways_under_914_m "4" );; line 123660 (wfb::source-text airports yemen |with unpaved runways over 3,047 m| "2" );; line 123662 (wfb::source-text airports yemen |with unpaved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m| "8" );; line 123664 (wfb::source-text airports yemen |with unpaved runways 1,524 to 2,438 m| "10" );; line 123666 (wfb::source-text airports yemen |with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m| "12" );; line 123668 (wfb::source-text telephone_system yemen "65,000 telephones; since unification in 1990, efforts are still being made to create a national domestic civil telecommunications network" );; line 123673 (wfb::source-text telephone_system yemen local "NA" );; line 123676 (wfb::source-text telephone_system yemen intercity "the network consists of microwave radio relay, cable, and troposcatter" );; line 123678 (wfb::source-text telephone_system yemen international "3 INTELSAT (2 Indian Ocean and 1 Atlantic Ocean), 1 Intersputnik, and 2 ARABSAT earth stations; microwave radio relay to Saudi Arabia and Djibouti" );; line 123681 (wfb::source-text radio yemen broadcast_stations "AM 4, FM 1, shortwave 0" );; line 123688 (wfb::source-text radio yemen radios "NA" );; line 123690 (wfb::source-text television yemen broadcast_stations "10" );; line 123695 (wfb::source-text television yemen televisions "NA" );; line 123697 (wfb::source-text defense_branch yemen "Army, Navy, Air Force, paramilitary (includes Police)" );; line 123703 (wfb::source-text manpower_availability yemen "males age 15-49 3,135,649; males fit for military service 1,771,226; males reach military age (14) annually 181,057 (1995 est.)" );; line 123707 (wfb::source-text defense_expenditures yemen "exchange rate conversion - $1.65 billion, 7.1% of GDP (1993)" );; line 123712 (wfb::source-text location zaire "Central Africa, northeast of Angola" );; line 123723 (wfb::source-text map_references zaire "Africa" );; line 123727 (wfb::source-text area zaire total_area "2,345,410 sq km" );; line 123732 (wfb::source-text area zaire land_area "2,267,600 sq km" );; line 123734 (wfb::source-text area zaire comparative_area "slightly more than one-quarter the size of US" );; line 123736 (wfb::source-text borders zaire "total 10,271 km, Angola 2,511 km, Burundi 233 km, Central African Republic 1,577 km, Congo 2,410 km, Rwanda 217 km, Sudan 628 km, Uganda 765 km, Zambia 1,930 km" );; line 123740 (wfb::source-text coastline zaire "37 km" );; line 123746 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims zaire exclusive_economic_zone "boundaries with neighbors" );; line 123751 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims zaire territorial_sea "12 nm" );; line 123753 (wfb::source-text international_disputes zaire "Tanzania-Zaire-Zambia tripoint in Lake Tanganyika may no longer be indefinite since it is reported that the indefinite section of the Zaire-Zambia boundary has been settled; long section with Congo along the Congo River is indefinite (no division of the river or its islands has been made)" );; line 123757 (wfb::source-text climate zaire "tropical; hot and humid in equatorial river basin; cooler and drier in southern highlands; cooler and wetter in eastern highlands; north of Equator - wet season April to October, dry season December to February; south of Equator - wet season November to March, dry season April to October" );; line 123764 (wfb::source-text terrain zaire "vast central basin is a low-lying plateau; mountains in east" );; line 123771 (wfb::source-text natural-resource zaire "cobalt, copper, cadmium, petroleum, industrial and gem diamonds, gold, silver, zinc, manganese, tin, germanium, uranium, radium, bauxite, iron ore, coal, hydropower potential" );; line 123775 (wfb::source-text land_use zaire arable_land "3%" );; line 123782 (wfb::source-text land_use zaire permanent_crops "0%" );; line 123784 (wfb::source-text land_use zaire meadows_and_pastures "4%" );; line 123786 (wfb::source-text land_use zaire forest_and_woodland "78%" );; line 123788 (wfb::source-text land_use zaire other "15%" );; line 123790 (wfb::source-text irrigated_land zaire "100 sq km (1989 est.)" );; line 123794 (wfb::source-text environment zaire current_issues "poaching threatens wildlife populations; water pollution; deforestation; 1.2 million Rwandan refugees are responsible for significant deforestation, soil erosion, and wildlife poaching in eastern Zaire" );; line 123799 (wfb::source-text environment zaire natural_hazards "periodic droughts in south; volcanic activity" );; line 123803 (wfb::source-text environment zaire international_agreements "party to - Biodiversity, Climate Change, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Tropical Timber 83; signed, but not ratified - Desertification, Environmental Modification" );; line 123805 (wfb::source-text note zaire "straddles Equator; very narrow strip of land that controls the lower Congo River and is only outlet to South Atlantic Ocean; dense tropical rain forest in central river basin and eastern highlands" );; line 123812 (wfb::source-text population zaire "44,060,636 (July 1995 est.)" );; line 123820 (wfb::source-text age_structure zaire 0-14_years "48% (female 10,522,368; male 10,527,451)" );; line 123825 (wfb::source-text age_structure zaire 15-64_years "50% (female 11,211,353; male 10,630,118)" );; line 123827 (wfb::source-text age_structure zaire 65_years_and_over "2% (female 647,307; male 522,039) (July 1995 est.)" );; line 123829 (wfb::source-text population_growth_rate zaire "3.18% (1995 est.)" );; line 123833 (wfb::source-text birth_rate zaire "48.33 births/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 123837 (wfb::source-text death_rate zaire "16.57 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 123841 (wfb::source-text net_migration_rate zaire "NA migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 123845 (wfb::source-text infant_mortality_rate zaire "108.7 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.)" );; line 123858 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth zaire total_population "47.54 years" );; line 123863 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth zaire male "45.68 years" );; line 123865 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth zaire female "49.46 years (1995 est.)" );; line 123867 (wfb::source-text total_fertility_rate zaire "6.7 children born/woman (1995 est.)" );; line 123871 (wfb::source-text nationality zaire noun "Zairian(s)" );; line 123876 (wfb::source-text nationality zaire adjective "Zairian" );; line 123878 (wfb::source-text ethnic-entity zaire "over 200 African ethnic groups, the majority are Bantu; four largest tribes - Mongo, Luba, Kongo (all Bantu), and the Mangbetu-Azande (Hamitic) make up about 45% of the population" );; line 123882 (wfb::source-text religion zaire "Roman Catholic 50%, Protestant 20%, Kimbanguist 10%, Muslim 10%, other syncretic sects and traditional beliefs 10%" );; line 123888 (wfb::source-text language zaire "French, Lingala, Swahili, Kingwana, Kikongo, Tshiluba" );; line 123893 (wfb::source-text literacy zaire "age 15 and over can read and write (1990 est.)" );; line 123897 (wfb::source-text literacy zaire total_population "72%" );; line 123899 (wfb::source-text literacy zaire male "84%" );; line 123901 (wfb::source-text literacy zaire female "61%" );; line 123903 (wfb::source-text total_labor_force zaire "15 million (25% of the labor force comprises wage earners)" );; line 123907 (wfb::source-text labor_force_by_occupation zaire by_occupation "agriculture 75%, industry 13%, services 12% (1985)" );; line 123909 (wfb::source-text names zaire conventional_long_form "Republic of Zaire" );; line 123915 (wfb::source-text names zaire conventional_short_form "Zaire" );; line 123917 (wfb::source-text names zaire local_long_form "Republique du Zaire" );; line 123919 (wfb::source-text names zaire local_short_form "Zaire" );; line 123921 (wfb::source-text names zaire former "Belgian Congo Congo/Leopoldville Congo/Kinshasa" );; line 123923 (wfb::source-text digraph zaire "CG" );; line 123927 (wfb::source-text type zaire "republic with a strong presidential system" );; line 123931 (wfb::source-text capital zaire "Kinshasa" );; line 123935 (wfb::source-text administrative_divisions zaire "10 regions (regions, singular - region) and 1 town* (ville); Bandundu, Bas-Zaire, Equateur, Haut-Zaire, Kasai-Occidental, Kasai-Oriental, Kinshasa*, Maniema, Nord-Kivu, Shaba, Sud-Kivu" );; line 123939 (wfb::source-text independence zaire "30 June 1960 (from Belgium)" );; line 123945 (wfb::source-text national_holiday zaire "Anniversary of the Regime (Second Republic), 24 November (1965)" );; line 123949 (wfb::source-text constitution zaire "24 June 1967, amended August 1974, revised 15 February 1978; amended April 1990; new transitional constitution promulgated in April 1994" );; line 123953 (wfb::source-text legal_system zaire "based on Belgian civil law system and tribal law; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction" );; line 123958 (wfb::source-text suffrage zaire "18 years of age; universal and compulsory" );; line 123963 (wfb::source-text executive_branch zaire chief_of_state "President Marshal MOBUTU Sese Seko Kuku Ngbendu wa Za Banga (since 24 November 1965) election last held 29 July 1984 (next to be held by 9 July 1995); results - President MOBUTU was reelected without opposition" );; line 123968 (wfb::source-text executive_branch zaire head_of_government "Prime Minister Leon KENGO wa Dondo (since 14 June 1994)" );; line 123972 (wfb::source-text executive_branch zaire cabinet "National Executive Council; appointed by mutual agreement of the president and the prime minister" );; line 123974 (wfb::source-text legislative_structure zaire "unicameral" );; line 123979 (wfb::source-text legislative_branch zaire parliament "a single body consisting of the High Council of the Republic and the Parliament of the Transition with membership equally divided between presidential supporters and opponents" );; line 123981 (wfb::source-text judicial_branch zaire "Supreme Court (Cour Supreme)" );; line 123987 (wfb::source-text political_parties_and_leaders zaire "sole legal party until January 1991 - Popular Movement of the Revolution (MPR); other parties include Union for Democracy and Social Progress (UDPS), Etienne TSHISEKEDI wa Mulumba; Democratic Social Christian Party (PDSC); Union of Federalists and Independent Republicans (UFERI); Unified Lumumbast Party (PALU), Antoine GIZENGA; Union of Independent Democrats (UDI), Leon KENGO wa Dondo" );; line 123991 (wfb::source-text member_of zaire "ACCT, ACP, AfDB, CCC, CEEAC, CEPGL, ECA, FAO, G-19, G-24, G-77, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, ITU, NAM, OAU, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO" );; line 124000 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us zaire chief_of_mission "Ambassador TATANENE Manata" );; line 124008 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us zaire chancery "1800 New Hampshire Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20009" );; line 124010 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us zaire telephone "[1] (202) 234-7690, 7691" );; line 124012 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation zaire chief_of_mission "(vacant); Charge d'Affaires John M. YATES" );; line 124017 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation zaire embassy "310 Avenue des Aviateurs, Kinshasa" );; line 124019 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation zaire mailing_address "Unit 31550, Kinshasha; APO AE 09828" );; line 124021 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation zaire telephone "[243] (12) 21532, 21628" );; line 124023 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation zaire fax "[243] (12) 21534 ext. 2308, 21535 ext. 2308; (88) 43805, 43467" );; line 124025 (wfb::source-text flag zaire "light green with a yellow disk in the center bearing a black arm holding a red flaming torch; the flames of the torch are blowing away from the hoist side; uses the popular pan-African colors of Ethiopia" );; line 124029 (wfb::source-text overview zaire "Zaire's economy has continued to disintegrate although Prime Minister KENGO has had some success in slowing the rate of economic decline. While meaningful economic figures are difficult to come by, Zaire's hyperinflation, chronic large government deficits, and plunging mineral production have made the country one of the world's poorest. Most formal transactions are conducted in hard currency as indigenous bank notes have lost almost all value, and a barter economy now flourishes in all but the largest cities. Most individuals and families hang on grimly through subsistence farming and petty trade. The government has not been able to meet its financial obligations to the International Monetary Fund or put in place the financial measures advocated by the IMF. Although short-term prospects for improvement are dim, improved political stability would boost Zaire's long-term potential to effectively exploit its vast wealth of mineral and agricultural resources." );; line 124036 (wfb::source-text national_product zaire "GDP - purchasing power parity - $18.8 billion (1994 est.)" );; line 124052 (wfb::source-text national_product_real_growth_rate zaire "4% (1994 est.)" );; line 124056 (wfb::source-text national_product_per_capita zaire "$440 (1994 est.)" );; line 124060 (wfb::source-text |Inflation rate (consumer prices)| zaire "40% per month (1993 est.)" );; line 124064 (wfb::source-text unemployment_rate zaire "NA%" );; line 124068 (wfb::source-text budget zaire revenues "$NA" );; line 124073 (wfb::source-text budget zaire expenditures "$NA, including capital expenditures of $NA" );; line 124075 (wfb::source-text exports zaire "$362 million (f.o.b., 1993 est.)" );; line 124079 (wfb::source-text exports zaire commodities "copper, coffee, diamonds, cobalt, crude oil" );; line 124081 (wfb::source-text exports zaire partners "US, Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, UK, Japan, South Africa" );; line 124083 (wfb::source-text imports zaire "$356 million (f.o.b., 1993 est.)" );; line 124087 (wfb::source-text imports zaire commodities "consumer goods, foodstuffs, mining and other machinery, transport equipment, fuels" );; line 124089 (wfb::source-text imports zaire partners "South Africa, US, Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, UK" );; line 124092 (wfb::source-text external_debt zaire "$9.2 billion (May 1992 est.)" );; line 124096 (wfb::source-text industrial_production zaire "growth rate -20% (1993); accounts for 16% of GDP" );; line 124100 (wfb::source-text electricity zaire capacity "2,830,000 kW" );; line 124105 (wfb::source-text electricity zaire production "6.2 billion kWh" );; line 124107 (wfb::source-text electricity zaire consumption_per_capita "133 kWh (1993)" );; line 124109 (wfb::source-text industry zaire "mining, mineral processing, consumer products (including textiles, footwear, cigarettes, processed foods and beverages), cement, diamonds" );; line 124113 (wfb::source-text agriculture zaire "cash crops - coffee, palm oil, rubber, quinine; food crops - cassava, bananas, root crops, corn" );; line 124118 (wfb::source-text illicit_drugs zaire "illicit producer of cannabis, mostly for domestic consumption" );; line 124123 (wfb::source-text economic_aid zaire recipient "US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-89), $1.1 billion; Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-89), $6.9 billion; OPEC bilateral aid (1979-89), $35 million; Communist countries (1970-89), $263 million" );; line 124128 (wfb::source-text currency zaire "1 zaire (Z) = 100 makuta" );; line 124138 (wfb::source-text exchange_rates zaire "new zaires (Z) per US$1 - 3,275.71 (December 1994), 1,194.12 (1994), 2.51 (1993); zaire (Z) per US$1 - 645,549 (1992), 15,587 (1991), 719 (1990)" );; line 124142 (wfb::source-text fiscal_year zaire "calendar year" );; line 124151 (wfb::source-text railroads zaire total "5,138 km; note - severely reduced trackage in use because of civil strife" );; line 124157 (wfb::source-text railroads zaire narrow_gauge "3,987 km 1.067-m gauge (858 km electrified); 125 km 1.000-m gauge; 1,026 km 0.600-m gauge" );; line 124160 (wfb::source-text highways zaire total "146,500 km" );; line 124166 (wfb::source-text highways zaire paved "2,800 km" );; line 124168 (wfb::source-text highways zaire unpaved "gravel, improved earth 46,200 km; unimproved earth 97,500 km" );; line 124170 (wfb::source-text inland_waterways zaire "15,000 km including the Congo, its tributaries, and unconnected lakes" );; line 124174 (wfb::source-text pipelines zaire "petroleum products 390 km" );; line 124179 (wfb::source-text port zaire "Banana, Boma, Bukavu, Bumba, Goma, Kalemie, Kindu, Kinshasa, Kisangani, Matadi, Mbandaka" );; line 124183 (wfb::source-text merchant_marine zaire "none" );; line 124188 (wfb::source-text airports zaire total "270" );; line 124193 (wfb::source-text airports zaire |with paved runways over 3,047 m| "4" );; line 124195 (wfb::source-text airports zaire |with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m| "3" );; line 124197 (wfb::source-text airports zaire |with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m| "15" );; line 124199 (wfb::source-text airports zaire |with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m| "2" );; line 124201 (wfb::source-text airports zaire with_paved_runways_under_914_m "97" );; line 124203 (wfb::source-text airports zaire |with unpaved runways 1,524 to 2,438 m| "22" );; line 124205 (wfb::source-text airports zaire |with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m| "127" );; line 124207 (wfb::source-text telephone_system zaire "NA telephones" );; line 124212 (wfb::source-text telephone_system zaire local "NA" );; line 124214 (wfb::source-text telephone_system zaire intercity "NA barely adequate wire and microwave service in and between urban areas; 14 domestic earth stations" );; line 124216 (wfb::source-text telephone_system zaire international "1 INTELSAT (Atlantic Ocean) earth station" );; line 124219 (wfb::source-text radio zaire broadcast_stations "AM 10, FM 4, shortwave 0" );; line 124224 (wfb::source-text radio zaire radios "NA" );; line 124226 (wfb::source-text television zaire broadcast_stations "18" );; line 124231 (wfb::source-text television zaire televisions "NA" );; line 124233 (wfb::source-text defense_branch zaire "Army, Navy, Air Force, National Gendarmerie, paramilitary Civil Guard, Special Presidential Division" );; line 124239 (wfb::source-text manpower_availability zaire "males age 15-49 9,479,245; males fit for military service 4,828,367 (1995 est.)" );; line 124244 (wfb::source-text defense_expenditures zaire "exchange rate conversion - $46 million, 1.5% of GDP (1990)" );; line 124249 (wfb::source-text location zambia "Southern Africa, east of Angola" );; line 124259 (wfb::source-text map_references zambia "Africa" );; line 124263 (wfb::source-text area zambia total_area "752,610 sq km" );; line 124268 (wfb::source-text area zambia land_area "740,720 sq km" );; line 124270 (wfb::source-text area zambia comparative_area "slightly larger than Texas" );; line 124272 (wfb::source-text borders zambia "total 5,664 km, Angola 1,110 km, Malawi 837 km, Mozambique 419 km, Namibia 233 km, Tanzania 338 km, Zaire 1,930 km, Zimbabwe 797 km" );; line 124276 (wfb::source-text coastline zambia "0 km (landlocked)" );; line 124281 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims zambia "none; landlocked" );; line 124285 (wfb::source-text international_disputes zambia "quadripoint with Botswana, Namibia, and Zimbabwe is in disagreement; Tanzania-Zaire-Zambia tripoint in Lake Tanganyika may no longer be indefinite since it is reported that the indefinite section of the Zaire-Zambia boundary has been settled" );; line 124289 (wfb::source-text climate zambia "tropical; modified by altitude; rainy season (October to April)" );; line 124296 (wfb::source-text terrain zambia "mostly high plateau with some hills and mountains" );; line 124300 (wfb::source-text natural-resource zambia "copper, cobalt, zinc, lead, coal, emeralds, gold, silver, uranium, hydropower potential" );; line 124304 (wfb::source-text land_use zambia arable_land "7%" );; line 124310 (wfb::source-text land_use zambia permanent_crops "0%" );; line 124312 (wfb::source-text land_use zambia meadows_and_pastures "47%" );; line 124314 (wfb::source-text land_use zambia forest_and_woodland "27%" );; line 124316 (wfb::source-text land_use zambia other "19%" );; line 124318 (wfb::source-text irrigated_land zambia "320 sq km (1989 est.)" );; line 124322 (wfb::source-text environment zambia current_issues "air pollution and resulting acid rain in the mineral extraction and refining region; poaching seriously threatens rhinoceros and elephant populations; deforestation; soil erosion; desertification; lack of adequate water treatment presents human health risks" );; line 124327 (wfb::source-text environment zambia natural_hazards "tropical storms (November to April)" );; line 124332 (wfb::source-text environment zambia international_agreements "party to - Biodiversity, Climate Change, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands; signed, but not ratified - Desertification" );; line 124334 (wfb::source-text note zambia "landlocked" );; line 124340 (wfb::source-text population zambia "9,445,723 (July 1995 est.)" );; line 124346 (wfb::source-text age_structure zambia 0-14_years "50% (female 2,331,820; male 2,363,319)" );; line 124351 (wfb::source-text age_structure zambia 15-64_years "48% (female 2,332,798; male 2,193,363)" );; line 124353 (wfb::source-text age_structure zambia 65_years_and_over "2% (female 112,484; male 111,939) (July 1995 est.)" );; line 124355 (wfb::source-text population_growth_rate zambia "2.7% (1995 est.)" );; line 124359 (wfb::source-text birth_rate zambia "45.47 births/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 124363 (wfb::source-text death_rate zambia "18.42 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 124367 (wfb::source-text net_migration_rate zambia "-0.04 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 124371 (wfb::source-text infant_mortality_rate zambia "86 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.)" );; line 124375 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth zambia total_population "42.88 years" );; line 124380 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth zambia male "42.74 years" );; line 124382 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth zambia female "43.03 years (1995 est.)" );; line 124384 (wfb::source-text total_fertility_rate zambia "6.62 children born/woman (1995 est.)" );; line 124388 (wfb::source-text nationality zambia noun "Zambian(s)" );; line 124393 (wfb::source-text nationality zambia adjective "Zambian" );; line 124395 (wfb::source-text ethnic-entity zambia "African 98.7%, European 1.1%, other 0.2%" );; line 124399 (wfb::source-text religion zambia "Christian 50%-75%, Muslim and Hindu 24%-49%, indigenous beliefs 1%" );; line 124403 (wfb::source-text language zambia "English (official)" );; line 124408 (wfb::source-text literacy zambia "age 15 and over can read and write (1990 est.)" );; line 124414 (wfb::source-text literacy zambia total_population "73%" );; line 124416 (wfb::source-text literacy zambia male "81%" );; line 124418 (wfb::source-text literacy zambia female "65%" );; line 124420 (wfb::source-text total_labor_force zambia "3.4 million" );; line 124424 (wfb::source-text labor_force_by_occupation zambia by_occupation "agriculture 85%, mining, manufacturing, and construction 6%, transport and services 9%" );; line 124426 (wfb::source-text names zambia conventional_long_form "Republic of Zambia" );; line 124433 (wfb::source-text names zambia conventional_short_form "Zambia" );; line 124435 (wfb::source-text names zambia former "Northern Rhodesia" );; line 124437 (wfb::source-text digraph zambia "ZA" );; line 124441 (wfb::source-text type zambia "republic" );; line 124445 (wfb::source-text capital zambia "Lusaka" );; line 124449 (wfb::source-text administrative_divisions zambia "9 provinces; Central, Copperbelt, Eastern, Luapula, Lusaka, Northern, North-Western, Southern, Western" );; line 124453 (wfb::source-text independence zambia "24 October 1964 (from UK)" );; line 124458 (wfb::source-text national_holiday zambia "Independence Day, 24 October (1964)" );; line 124462 (wfb::source-text constitution zambia "2 August 1991" );; line 124466 (wfb::source-text legal_system zambia "based on English common law and customary law; judicial review of legislative acts in an ad hoc constitutional council; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction" );; line 124470 (wfb::source-text suffrage zambia "18 years of age; universal" );; line 124476 (wfb::source-text executive_branch zambia chief_of_state_and_head_of_government "President Frederick CHILUBA (since 31 October 1991); Vice President General Godfrey MIYANDA (since NA August 1994; he replaced Levy MWANAWASA who was elected 31 October 1991 and resigned in NA August 1994) election last held 31 October 1991 (next to be held NA 1996); results - Frederick CHILUBA 84%, Kenneth KAUNDA 16%" );; line 124481 (wfb::source-text executive_branch zambia cabinet "Cabinet; appointed by the president from members of the National Assembly" );; line 124487 (wfb::source-text legislative_structure zambia "unicameral" );; line 124492 (wfb::source-text legislative_branch zambia national_assembly "elections last held 31 October 1991 (next to be held NA 1996); results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (150 total) MMD 125, UNIP 25; note - the MMD's majority was weakened by the defection of 13 of its parliamentary members during 1993 and the defeat of its candidates in 4 of the resulting by-elections" );; line 124494 (wfb::source-text judicial_branch zambia "Supreme Court" );; line 124502 (wfb::source-text political_parties_and_leaders zambia "Movement for Multiparty Democracy (MMD), Frederick CHILUBA; United National Independence Party (UNIP), Kebby MUSOKATWANE; National Party (NP), Inonge MBIKUSITA-LEWANIKA;" );; line 124506 (wfb::source-text member_of zambia "ACP, AfDB, C, CCC, ECA, FAO, FLS, G-19, G-77, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, IOM, ITU, NAM, OAU, SADC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNOMOZ, UPU, WCL, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO" );; line 124512 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us zambia chief_of_mission "Ambassador Dunstan Weston KAMANA" );; line 124520 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us zambia chancery "2419 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008" );; line 124522 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us zambia telephone "[1] (202) 265-9717 through 9719" );; line 124524 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us zambia fax "[1] (202) 332-0826" );; line 124526 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation zambia chief_of_mission "Ambassador Roland K. KUCHEL" );; line 124531 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation zambia embassy "corner of Independence Avenue and United Nations Avenue, Lusaka" );; line 124533 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation zambia mailing_address "P. O. Box 31617, Lusaka" );; line 124535 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation zambia telephone "[260] (1) 228595, 228601, 228602, 228603" );; line 124537 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation zambia fax "[260] (1) 261538" );; line 124539 (wfb::source-text flag zambia "green with a panel of three vertical bands of red (hoist side), black, and orange below a soaring orange eagle, on the outer edge of the flag" );; line 124543 (wfb::source-text overview zambia "Prior to 1993 the economy had been in decline for more than a decade with falling imports and growing foreign debt. Economic difficulties stemmed largely from a chronically depressed level of copper production and weak copper prices, generally ineffective economic policies, and high inflation. An annual population growth of 3% brought a decline in per capita GDP of 50% over the decade. However, economic reforms enacted since 1992 have helped reduce inflation, have begun to strengthen the social safety net, and have been accompanied by GDP growth at an estimated 6.8% in 1993 and 4% in 1994. The huge external debt remains a key problem." );; line 124549 (wfb::source-text national_product zambia "GDP - purchasing power parity - $7.9 billion (1994 est.)" );; line 124561 (wfb::source-text national_product_real_growth_rate zambia "4% (1994 est.)" );; line 124565 (wfb::source-text national_product_per_capita zambia "$860 (1994 est.)" );; line 124569 (wfb::source-text |Inflation rate (consumer prices)| zambia "89% (1994 est.)" );; line 124573 (wfb::source-text unemployment_rate zambia "NA%" );; line 124577 (wfb::source-text budget zambia revenues "$665 million" );; line 124582 (wfb::source-text budget zambia expenditures "$767 million, including capital expenditures of $300 million (1991 est.)" );; line 124584 (wfb::source-text exports zambia "$1.01 billion (f.o.b., 1993 est.)" );; line 124589 (wfb::source-text exports zambia commodities "copper, zinc, cobalt, lead, tobacco" );; line 124591 (wfb::source-text exports zambia partners "EC countries, Japan, South Africa, US, India" );; line 124593 (wfb::source-text imports zambia "$1.13 billion (c.i.f., 1993 est.)" );; line 124597 (wfb::source-text imports zambia commodities "machinery, transportation equipment, foodstuffs, fuels, manufactures" );; line 124599 (wfb::source-text imports zambia partners "EC countries, Japan, Saudi Arabia, South Africa, US" );; line 124602 (wfb::source-text external_debt zambia "$7.3 billion (1993)" );; line 124606 (wfb::source-text industrial_production zambia "growth rate -1% (1992); accounts for 42% of GDP" );; line 124610 (wfb::source-text electricity zambia capacity "2,440,000 kW" );; line 124615 (wfb::source-text electricity zambia production "7.8 billion kWh" );; line 124617 (wfb::source-text electricity zambia consumption_per_capita "650 kWh (1993)" );; line 124619 (wfb::source-text industry zambia "copper mining and processing, construction, foodstuffs, beverages, chemicals, textiles, and fertilizer" );; line 124623 (wfb::source-text agriculture zambia "accounts for 12% of GDP and 85% of labor force; crops - corn (food staple), sorghum, rice, peanuts, sunflower, tobacco, cotton, sugarcane, cassava; cattle, goats, beef, eggs" );; line 124628 (wfb::source-text illicit_drugs zambia "increasingly a regional transshipment center for methaqualone and heroin" );; line 124634 (wfb::source-text economic_aid zambia recipient "US commitments, including Ex-Im (1970-89), $4.8 billion; Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-89), $4.8 billion; OPEC bilateral aid (1979-89), $60 million; Communist countries (1970-89), $533 million" );; line 124640 (wfb::source-text currency zambia "1 Zambian kwacha (ZK) = 100 ngwee" );; line 124647 (wfb::source-text exchange_rates zambia "Zambian kwacha (ZK) per US$1 - 672.8 (September 1994), 434.78 (1993), 156.25 (1992), 61.7284 (1991), 28.9855 (1990)" );; line 124651 (wfb::source-text fiscal_year zambia "calendar year" );; line 124656 (wfb::source-text railroads zambia total "1,273 km" );; line 124662 (wfb::source-text railroads zambia narrow_gauge "1,273 km 1.067-m gauge (13 km double track)" );; line 124664 (wfb::source-text highways zambia total "36,370 km" );; line 124674 (wfb::source-text highways zambia paved "6,500 km" );; line 124676 (wfb::source-text highways zambia unpaved "crushed stone, gravel, stabilized earth 7,000 km; improved, unimproved earth 22,870 km" );; line 124678 (wfb::source-text inland_waterways zambia "2,250 km, including Zambezi and Luapula Rivers, Lake Tanganyika" );; line 124683 (wfb::source-text pipelines zambia "crude oil 1,724 km" );; line 124687 (wfb::source-text port zambia "Mpulungu" );; line 124691 (wfb::source-text airports zambia total "113" );; line 124696 (wfb::source-text airports zambia |with paved runways over 3,047 m| "1" );; line 124698 (wfb::source-text airports zambia |with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m| "4" );; line 124700 (wfb::source-text airports zambia |with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m| "4" );; line 124702 (wfb::source-text airports zambia |with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m| "4" );; line 124704 (wfb::source-text airports zambia with_paved_runways_under_914_m "39" );; line 124706 (wfb::source-text airports zambia |with unpaved runways 1,524 to 2,438 m| "4" );; line 124708 (wfb::source-text airports zambia |with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m| "57" );; line 124710 (wfb::source-text telephone_system zambia "NA telephones; facilities are among the best in Sub-Saharan Africa" );; line 124715 (wfb::source-text telephone_system zambia local "NA" );; line 124718 (wfb::source-text telephone_system zambia intercity "high capacity micrwave radio relay connects most larger towns and cities" );; line 124720 (wfb::source-text telephone_system zambia international "2 INTELSAT earth stations (1 Indian Ocean and 1 Atlantic Ocean)" );; line 124723 (wfb::source-text radio zambia broadcast_stations "AM 11, FM 5, shortwave 0" );; line 124728 (wfb::source-text radio zambia radios "NA" );; line 124730 (wfb::source-text television zambia broadcast_stations "9" );; line 124735 (wfb::source-text television zambia televisions "NA" );; line 124737 (wfb::source-text defense_branch zambia "Army, Air Force, Police" );; line 124743 (wfb::source-text manpower_availability zambia "males age 15-49 1,953,967; males fit for military service 1,028,113 (1995 est.)" );; line 124747 (wfb::source-text defense_expenditures zambia "exchange rate conversion - $45 million, 1.4% of GDP (1994)" );; line 124752 (wfb::source-text location zimbabwe "Southern Africa, northeast of Botswana" );; line 124762 (wfb::source-text map_references zimbabwe "Africa" );; line 124766 (wfb::source-text area zimbabwe total_area "390,580 sq km" );; line 124771 (wfb::source-text area zimbabwe land_area "386,670 sq km" );; line 124773 (wfb::source-text area zimbabwe comparative_area "slightly larger than Montana" );; line 124775 (wfb::source-text borders zimbabwe "total 3,066 km, Botswana 813 km, Mozambique 1,231 km, South Africa 225 km, Zambia 797 km" );; line 124779 (wfb::source-text coastline zimbabwe "0 km (landlocked)" );; line 124784 (wfb::source-text maritime_claims zimbabwe "none; landlocked" );; line 124788 (wfb::source-text international_disputes zimbabwe "quadripoint with Botswana, Namibia, and Zambia is in disagreement" );; line 124792 (wfb::source-text climate zimbabwe "tropical; moderated by altitude; rainy season (November to March)" );; line 124796 (wfb::source-text terrain zimbabwe "mostly high plateau with higher central plateau (high veld); mountains in east" );; line 124800 (wfb::source-text natural-resource zimbabwe "coal, chromium ore, asbestos, gold, nickel, copper, iron ore, vanadium, lithium, tin, platinum group metals" );; line 124805 (wfb::source-text land_use zimbabwe arable_land "7.25%" );; line 124811 (wfb::source-text land_use zimbabwe permanent_crops "0.25% (coffee is a permanent crop)" );; line 124813 (wfb::source-text land_use zimbabwe meadows_and_pastures "12.5%" );; line 124815 (wfb::source-text land_use zimbabwe forest_and_woodland "49%" );; line 124817 (wfb::source-text land_use zimbabwe other "31%" );; line 124819 (wfb::source-text irrigated_land zimbabwe "2,250 sq km (1993 est.)" );; line 124823 (wfb::source-text environment zimbabwe current_issues "deforestation; soil erosion; land degradation; air and water pollution; the black rhinoceros herd - once the largest concentration of the species in the world - has been significantly reduced by poaching" );; line 124828 (wfb::source-text environment zimbabwe natural_hazards "recurring droughts; floods and severe storms are rare" );; line 124832 (wfb::source-text environment zimbabwe international_agreements "party to - Biodiversity, Climate Change, Endangered Species, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection; signed, but not ratified - Desertification" );; line 124834 (wfb::source-text note zimbabwe "landlocked" );; line 124840 (wfb::source-text population zimbabwe "11,139,961 (July 1995 est.)" );; line 124846 (wfb::source-text age_structure zimbabwe 0-14_years "47% (female 2,588,193; male 2,617,485)" );; line 124851 (wfb::source-text age_structure zimbabwe 15-64_years "51% (female 2,915,697; male 2,723,511)" );; line 124853 (wfb::source-text age_structure zimbabwe 65_years_and_over "2% (female 151,635; male 143,440) (July 1995 est.)" );; line 124855 (wfb::source-text population_growth_rate zimbabwe "1.78% (1995 est.)" );; line 124859 (wfb::source-text birth_rate zimbabwe "36.35 births/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 124863 (wfb::source-text death_rate zimbabwe "18.54 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 124867 (wfb::source-text net_migration_rate zimbabwe "NA migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.)" );; line 124871 (wfb::source-text infant_mortality_rate zimbabwe "72.7 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.)" );; line 124880 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth zimbabwe total_population "41.35 years" );; line 124885 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth zimbabwe male "39.73 years" );; line 124887 (wfb::source-text life_expectancy_at_birth zimbabwe female "43.01 years (1995 est.)" );; line 124889 (wfb::source-text total_fertility_rate zimbabwe "4.93 children born/woman (1995 est.)" );; line 124893 (wfb::source-text nationality zimbabwe noun "Zimbabwean(s)" );; line 124898 (wfb::source-text nationality zimbabwe adjective "Zimbabwean" );; line 124900 (wfb::source-text ethnic-entity zimbabwe "African 98% (Shona 71%, Ndebele 16%, other 11%), white 1%, mixed and Asian 1%" );; line 124904 (wfb::source-text religion zimbabwe "syncretic (part Christian, part indigenous beliefs) 50%, Christian 25%, indigenous beliefs 24%, Muslim and other 1%" );; line 124909 (wfb::source-text language zimbabwe "English (official), Shona, Sindebele" );; line 124914 (wfb::source-text literacy zimbabwe "age 15 and over can read and write (1982)" );; line 124918 (wfb::source-text literacy zimbabwe total_population "78%" );; line 124920 (wfb::source-text literacy zimbabwe male "84%" );; line 124922 (wfb::source-text literacy zimbabwe female "72%" );; line 124924 (wfb::source-text total_labor_force zimbabwe "3.1 million" );; line 124928 (wfb::source-text labor_force_by_occupation zimbabwe by_occupation "agriculture 74%, transport and services 16%, mining, manufacturing, construction 10% (1987)" );; line 124930 (wfb::source-text names zimbabwe conventional_long_form "Republic of Zimbabwe" );; line 124937 (wfb::source-text names zimbabwe conventional_short_form "Zimbabwe" );; line 124939 (wfb::source-text names zimbabwe former "Southern Rhodesia" );; line 124941 (wfb::source-text digraph zimbabwe "ZI" );; line 124945 (wfb::source-text type zimbabwe "parliamentary democracy" );; line 124949 (wfb::source-text capital zimbabwe "Harare" );; line 124953 (wfb::source-text administrative_divisions zimbabwe "8 provinces; Manicaland, Mashonaland Central, Mashonaland East, Mashonaland West, Masvingo (Victoria), Matabeleland North, Matabeleland South, Midlands" );; line 124957 (wfb::source-text independence zimbabwe "18 April 1980 (from UK)" );; line 124963 (wfb::source-text national_holiday zimbabwe "Independence Day, 18 April (1980)" );; line 124967 (wfb::source-text constitution zimbabwe "21 December 1979" );; line 124971 (wfb::source-text legal_system zimbabwe "mixture of Roman-Dutch and English common law" );; line 124975 (wfb::source-text suffrage zimbabwe "18 years of age; universal" );; line 124979 (wfb::source-text executive_branch zimbabwe chief_of_state_and_head_of_government "Executive President Robert Gabriel MUGABE (since 31 December 1987); Co-Vice President Simon Vengai MUZENDA (since 31 December 1987); Co-Vice President Joshua M. NKOMO (since 6 August 1990); election last held 28-30 March 1990 (next to be held NA March 1996); results - Robert MUGABE 78.3%, Edgar TEKERE 21.7%" );; line 124984 (wfb::source-text executive_branch zimbabwe cabinet "Cabinet; appointed by the president; responsible to Parliament" );; line 124990 (wfb::source-text legislative_structure zimbabwe "unicameral" );; line 124994 (wfb::source-text legislative_branch zimbabwe parliament "elections last held 8-9 April 1995 (next to be held NA March 2000); results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (150 total, 120 elected) ZANU-PF 118, ZANU-S 2" );; line 124996 (wfb::source-text judicial_branch zimbabwe "Supreme Court" );; line 125002 (wfb::source-text political_parties_and_leaders zimbabwe "Zimbabwe African National Union-Patriotic Front (ZANU-PF), Robert MUGABE; Zimbabwe African National Union-Sithole (ZANU-S), Ndabaningi SITHOLE; Zimbabwe Unity Movement (ZUM), Edgar TEKERE; Democratic Party (DP), Emmanuel MAGOCHE; Forum Party of Zimbabwe, Enock DUMBUTSHENA; United Parties, Abel MUZOREWA" );; line 125006 (wfb::source-text member_of zimbabwe "ACP, AfDB, C, CCC, ECA, FAO, FLS, G-15, G-77, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, IOM (observer), ISO, ITU, NAM, OAU, PCA, SADC, UN, UNAMIR, UNAVEM II, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNOMUR, UNOSOM, UPU, WCL, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO" );; line 125014 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us zimbabwe chief_of_mission "Ambassador Amos Bernard Muvengwa MIDZI" );; line 125022 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us zimbabwe chancery "1608 New Hampshire Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20009" );; line 125024 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us zimbabwe telephone "[1] (202) 332-7100" );; line 125026 (wfb::source-text diplomatic_representation_in_us zimbabwe fax "[1] (202) 483-9326" );; line 125028 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation zimbabwe chief_of_mission "Ambassador Johnny CARSON" );; line 125033 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation zimbabwe embassy "172 Herbert Chitepo Avenue, Harare" );; line 125035 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation zimbabwe mailing_address "P. O. Box 3340, Harare" );; line 125037 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation zimbabwe telephone "[263] (4) 794521" );; line 125039 (wfb::source-text us_diplomatic_representation zimbabwe fax "[263] (4) 796488" );; line 125041 (wfb::source-text flag zimbabwe "seven equal horizontal bands of green, yellow, red, black, red, yellow, and green with a white equilateral triangle edged in black based on the hoist side; a yellow Zimbabwe bird is superimposed on a red five-pointed star in the center of the triangle" );; line 125045 (wfb::source-text overview zimbabwe "Agriculture employs three-fourths of the labor force and supplies almost 40% of exports. The manufacturing sector, based on agriculture and mining, produces a variety of goods and contributes 35% to GDP. Mining accounts for only 5% of both GDP and employment, but minerals and metals account for about 40% of exports. Severe drought caused GDP to drop 8% in 1992, with growth rebounding to 2% in 1993 and 3.5% in 1994. Despite the lingering effects of the drought on economic and social conditions, the government is continuing to push its IMF/World Bank structural adjustment program aimed at encouraging exports and foreign investment." );; line 125053 (wfb::source-text national_product zimbabwe "GDP - purchasing power parity - $17.4 billion (1994 est.)" );; line 125065 (wfb::source-text national_product_real_growth_rate zimbabwe "3.5% (1994 est.)" );; line 125069 (wfb::source-text national_product_per_capita zimbabwe "$1,580 (1994 est.)" );; line 125073 (wfb::source-text |Inflation rate (consumer prices)| zimbabwe "22% (December 1994 est.)" );; line 125077 (wfb::source-text unemployment_rate zimbabwe "at least 45% (1994 est.)" );; line 125081 (wfb::source-text budget zimbabwe revenues "$1.7 billion" );; line 125086 (wfb::source-text budget zimbabwe expenditures "$2.2 billion, including capital expenditures of $253 million (FY92/93)" );; line 125088 (wfb::source-text exports zimbabwe "$1.8 billion (f.o.b., 1994 est.)" );; line 125093 (wfb::source-text exports zimbabwe commodities "agricultural 35% (tobacco 30%, other 5%), manufactures 25%, gold 12%, ferrochrome 10%, textiles 8% (1992)" );; line 125095 (wfb::source-text exports zimbabwe partners "UK 14%, Germany 11%, South Africa 10%, Japan 7%, US 5% (1991)" );; line 125098 (wfb::source-text imports zimbabwe "$1.8 billion (c.i.f., 1992 est.)" );; line 125102 (wfb::source-text imports zimbabwe commodities "machinery and transportation equipment 41%, other manufactures 23%, chemicals 16%, fuels 12% (1991)" );; line 125104 (wfb::source-text imports zimbabwe partners "South Africa 25%, UK 15%, Germany 9%, US 6%, Japan 5% (1991)" );; line 125107 (wfb::source-text external_debt zimbabwe "$3.5 billion (December 1992 est.)" );; line 125111 (wfb::source-text industrial_production zimbabwe "growth rate 2.3% (1992); accounts for 35% of GDP" );; line 125115 (wfb::source-text electricity zimbabwe capacity "2,040,000 kW" );; line 125120 (wfb::source-text electricity zimbabwe production "9 billion kWh" );; line 125122 (wfb::source-text electricity zimbabwe consumption_per_capita "913 kWh (1993)" );; line 125124 (wfb::source-text industry zimbabwe "mining, steel, clothing and footwear, chemicals, foodstuffs, fertilizer, beverage, transportation equipment, wood products" );; line 125128 (wfb::source-text agriculture zimbabwe "accounts for 20% of GDP; 40% of land area divided into 4,500 large commercial farms and 42% in communal lands; crops - corn (food staple), cotton, tobacco, wheat, coffee, sugarcane, peanuts; livestock - cattle, sheep, goats, pigs; self-sufficient in food" );; line 125133 (wfb::source-text economic_aid zimbabwe "NA" );; line 125140 (wfb::source-text currency zimbabwe "1 Zimbabwean dollar (Z$) = 100 cents" );; line 125144 (wfb::source-text exchange_rates zimbabwe "Zimbabwean dollars (Z$) per US$1 - 8.3752 (January 1995), 8.1500 (1994), 6.4725 (1993), 5.1046 (1992), 3.4282 (1991), 2.4480 (1990)" );; line 125148 (wfb::source-text fiscal_year zimbabwe "1 July - 30 June" );; line 125153 (wfb::source-text railroads zimbabwe total "2,745 km" );; line 125159 (wfb::source-text railroads zimbabwe narrow_gauge "2,745 km 1.067-m gauge (355 km electrified; 42 km double track)" );; line 125161 (wfb::source-text highways zimbabwe total "85,237 km" );; line 125166 (wfb::source-text highways zimbabwe paved "15,800 km" );; line 125168 (wfb::source-text highways zimbabwe unpaved "crushed stone, gravel, stabilized earth 39,090 km; improved earth 23,097 km; unimproved earth 7,250 km" );; line 125170 (wfb::source-text inland_waterways zimbabwe "Lake Kariba is a potential line of communication" );; line 125175 (wfb::source-text pipelines zimbabwe "petroleum products 212 km" );; line 125179 (wfb::source-text port zimbabwe "Binga, Kariba" );; line 125183 (wfb::source-text airports zimbabwe total "471" );; line 125188 (wfb::source-text airports zimbabwe |with paved runways over 3,047 m| "3" );; line 125190 (wfb::source-text airports zimbabwe |with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m| "2" );; line 125192 (wfb::source-text airports zimbabwe |with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m| "6" );; line 125194 (wfb::source-text airports zimbabwe |with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m| "13" );; line 125196 (wfb::source-text airports zimbabwe with_paved_runways_under_914_m "222" );; line 125198 (wfb::source-text airports zimbabwe |with unpaved runways 1,524 to 2,438 m| "2" );; line 125200 (wfb::source-text airports zimbabwe |with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m| "223" );; line 125202 (wfb::source-text telephone_system zimbabwe "247,000 telephones; system was once one of the best in Africa, but now suffers from poor maintenance" );; line 125207 (wfb::source-text telephone_system zimbabwe local "NA" );; line 125210 (wfb::source-text telephone_system zimbabwe intercity "consists of microwave links, open-wire lines, and radio communications stations" );; line 125212 (wfb::source-text telephone_system zimbabwe international "1 INTELSAT (Atlantic Ocean) earth station" );; line 125215 (wfb::source-text radio zimbabwe broadcast_stations "AM 8, FM 18, shortwave 0" );; line 125220 (wfb::source-text radio zimbabwe radios "NA" );; line 125222 (wfb::source-text television zimbabwe broadcast_stations "8" );; line 125227 (wfb::source-text television zimbabwe televisions "NA" );; line 125229 (wfb::source-text defense_branch zimbabwe "Zimbabwe National Army, Air Force of Zimbabwe, Zimbabwe Republic Police (includes Police Support Unit, Paramilitary Police)" );; line 125235 (wfb::source-text manpower_availability zimbabwe "males age 15-49 2,435,931; males fit for military service 1,514,068 (1995 est.)" );; line 125240 (wfb::source-text defense_expenditures zimbabwe "exchange rate conversion - $175 million, 3.1% of GDP (FY94/95)" );; line 125245 (wfb::source-text documentation abbreviations_for_international_organizations_and_groups "Note: Not all international organizations and groups have abbreviations." );; line 125259 (wfb::source-text documentation international_organizations_and_groups "Note: The Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (SFRY) has dissolved and ceases to exist. None of the successor states of the former Yugoslavia, including Serbia and Montenegro, have been permitted to participate solely on the basis of the membership of the former Yugoslavia in the United Nations General Assembly and Economic and Social Council and their subsidiary bodies and in various United Nations specialized agencies. The United Nations, however, permits the seat and nameplate of the SFRY to remain, permits the SFRY mission to continue to function, and continues to fly the flag of the former Yugoslavia. For a variety of reasons, a number of other organizations have not yet taken action with regard to the membership of the former Yugoslavia. The World Factbook therefore continues to list Yugoslavia under international organizations where the SFRY seat remains or where no action has yet been taken." );; line 125976 (wfb::source-text address |African, Caribbean, and Pacific Countries (ACP)| "Avenue Georges Henri 451, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium" );; line 125998 (wfb::source-text telephone |African, Caribbean, and Pacific Countries (ACP)| "[32] (2) 733 96 00" );; line 126000 (wfb::source-text fax |African, Caribbean, and Pacific Countries (ACP)| "[32] (2) 735 55 73" );; line 126002 (wfb::source-text established |African, Caribbean, and Pacific Countries (ACP)| "1 April 1976" );; line 126004 (wfb::source-text aim |African, Caribbean, and Pacific Countries (ACP)| "to manage their preferential economic and aid relationship with the EU" );; line 126006 (wfb::source-text members |African, Caribbean, and Pacific Countries (ACP)| "(70) Angola, Antigua and Barbuda, The Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, Benin, Botswana, Burkina, Burundi, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Comoros, Congo, Cote d'Ivoire, Djibouti, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Fiji, Gabon, The Gambia, Ghana, Grenada, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, Jamaica, Kenya, Kiribati, Lesotho, Liberia, Madagascar, Malawi, Mali, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mozambique, Namibia, Niger, Nigeria, Papua New Guinea, Rwanda, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Sao Tome and Principe, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Solomon Islands, Somalia, Sudan, Suriname, Swaziland, Tanzania, Togo, Tonga, Trinidad and Tobago, Tuvalu, Uganda, Vanuatu, Western Samoa, Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe" );; line 126009 (wfb::source-text note |African Development Bank (AfDB)| "also known as Banque Africaine de Developpement (BAD)" );; line 126025 (wfb::source-text address |African Development Bank (AfDB)| "01 BP 1387, Abidjan 01, Cote d’Ivoire" );; line 126027 (wfb::source-text telephone |African Development Bank (AfDB)| "[225] 20 44 44" );; line 126029 (wfb::source-text fax |African Development Bank (AfDB)| "[225] 21 77 53, 20 49 01, 20 49 09" );; line 126031 (wfb::source-text established |African Development Bank (AfDB)| "4 August 1963" );; line 126033 (wfb::source-text aim |African Development Bank (AfDB)| "to promote economic and social development" );; line 126035 (wfb::source-text regional_members |African Development Bank (AfDB)| "(51) Algeria, Angola, Benin, Botswana, Burkina, Burundi, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Comoros, Congo, Cote d'Ivoire, Djibouti, Egypt, Equatorial Guinea, Ethiopia, Gabon, The Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Kenya, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, Madagascar, Malawi, Mali, Mauritania, Mauritius, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Niger, Nigeria, Rwanda, Sao Tome and Principe, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Somalia, Sudan, Swaziland, Tanzania, Togo, Tunisia, Uganda, Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe" );; line 126037 (wfb::source-text nonregional_members |African Development Bank (AfDB)| "(26) Argentina, Austria, Belgium, Brazil, Canada, China, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, India, Italy, Japan, South Korea, Kuwait, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Saudi Arabia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, UK, US, Yugoslavia" );; line 126045 (wfb::source-text see |Agence de Cooperation Culturelle et Technique (ACCT)| "Agency for Cultural and Technical Cooperation (ACCT)" );; line 126054 (wfb::source-text note |Agency for Cultural and Technical Cooperation (ACCT)| "acronym from Agence de Cooperation Culturelle et Technique" );; line 126060 (wfb::source-text address |Agency for Cultural and Technical Cooperation (ACCT)| "13 quai Andre-Citroen, F-75015 Paris, France" );; line 126062 (wfb::source-text telephone |Agency for Cultural and Technical Cooperation (ACCT)| "[33] (1) 44 37 33 00" );; line 126064 (wfb::source-text fax |Agency for Cultural and Technical Cooperation (ACCT)| "[33] (1) 45 79 14 98" );; line 126066 (wfb::source-text established |Agency for Cultural and Technical Cooperation (ACCT)| "21 March 1970" );; line 126068 (wfb::source-text aim |Agency for Cultural and Technical Cooperation (ACCT)| "to promote cultural and technical cooperation among French-speaking countries" );; line 126070 (wfb::source-text members |Agency for Cultural and Technical Cooperation (ACCT)| "(37) Belgium, Benin, Bulgaria, Burkina, Burundi, Cambodia, Cameroon, Canada, Central African Republic, Chad, Comoros, Congo, Cote d'Ivoire, Djibouti, Dominica, Equatorial Guinea, France, Gabon, Guinea, Haiti, Laos, Lebanon, Luxembourg, Madagascar, Mali, Mauritius, Monaco, Niger, Romania, Rwanda, Senegal, Seychelles, Togo, Tunisia, Vanuatu, Vietnam, Zaire" );; line 126073 (wfb::source-text associate_members |Agency for Cultural and Technical Cooperation (ACCT)| "(5) Egypt, Guinea-Bissau, Mauritania, Morocco, Saint Lucia" );; line 126079 (wfb::source-text participating_governments |Agency for Cultural and Technical Cooperation (ACCT)| "(2) New Brunswick (Canada), Quebec (Canada)" );; line 126081 (wfb::source-text note |Agency for the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons in Latin America and the Caribbean (OPANAL)| "acronym from Organismo para la Proscripcion de las Armas Nucleares en la America Latina y el Caribe (OPANAL)" );; line 126088 (wfb::source-text address |Agency for the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons in Latin America and the Caribbean (OPANAL)| "Temistocles 78, Col Polanco, CP 011560, Mexico City 5 DF, Mexico" );; line 126091 (wfb::source-text telephone |Agency for the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons in Latin America and the Caribbean (OPANAL)| "[52] (5) 280 4923, 280 5064" );; line 126093 (wfb::source-text fax |Agency for the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons in Latin America and the Caribbean (OPANAL)| "[52] (5) 280 2965" );; line 126095 (wfb::source-text established |Agency for the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons in Latin America and the Caribbean (OPANAL)| "14 February 1967" );; line 126097 (wfb::source-text aim |Agency for the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons in Latin America and the Caribbean (OPANAL)| "to encourage the peaceful uses of atomic energy and prohibit nuclear weapons" );; line 126099 (wfb::source-text members |Agency for the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons in Latin America and the Caribbean (OPANAL)| "(28) Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, The Bahamas, Barbados, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Grenada, Guatemala, Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago, Uruguay, Venezuela" );; line 126102 (wfb::source-text address |Andean Group (AG)| "c\o JUNAC, Paseo de la Republica 3895, Casilla 18-1177, Lima 27, Peru" );; line 126112 (wfb::source-text telephone |Andean Group (AG)| "[51] (14) 414212" );; line 126115 (wfb::source-text fax |Andean Group (AG)| "[51] (14) 420911" );; line 126117 (wfb::source-text established |Andean Group (AG)| "26 May 1969" );; line 126119 (wfb::source-text effective |Andean Group (AG)| "16 October 1969" );; line 126121 (wfb::source-text aim |Andean Group (AG)| "to promote harmonious development through economic integration" );; line 126123 (wfb::source-text members |Andean Group (AG)| "(5) Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Venezuela" );; line 126125 (wfb::source-text associate_member |Andean Group (AG)| "(1) Panama" );; line 126127 (wfb::source-text observers |Andean Group (AG)| "(26) Argentina, Australia, Austria, Belgium, Brazil, Canada, Costa Rica, Denmark, Egypt, Finland, France, Germany, India, Israel, Italy, Japan, Mexico, Netherlands, Paraguay, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, UK, US, Uruguay, Yugoslavia" );; line 126129 (wfb::source-text note |Arab Bank for Economic Development in Africa (ABEDA)| "also known as Banque Arabe de Developpement Economique en Afrique (BADEA)" );; line 126138 (wfb::source-text address |Arab Bank for Economic Development in Africa (ABEDA)| "Sayed Abdel Rahman El Mahdi Avenue, P.O. Box 2640, Khartoum, Sudan" );; line 126141 (wfb::source-text telephone |Arab Bank for Economic Development in Africa (ABEDA)| "[249] (11) 73646, 73498, 73709" );; line 126144 (wfb::source-text fax |Arab Bank for Economic Development in Africa (ABEDA)| "[249] (11) 70600" );; line 126146 (wfb::source-text established |Arab Bank for Economic Development in Africa (ABEDA)| "18 February 1974" );; line 126148 (wfb::source-text effective |Arab Bank for Economic Development in Africa (ABEDA)| "16 September 1974" );; line 126150 (wfb::source-text aim |Arab Bank for Economic Development in Africa (ABEDA)| "to promote economic development" );; line 126152 (wfb::source-text members |Arab Bank for Economic Development in Africa (ABEDA)| "(17 plus the Palestine Liberation Organization) Algeria, Bahrain, Egypt, Iraq, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Libya, Mauritania, Morocco, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Sudan, Syria, Tunisia, UAE, Palestine Liberation Organization; note - these are all the members of the Arab League except for Comoros, Djibouti, Somalia, and Yemen" );; line 126154 (wfb::source-text established |Arab Cooperation Council (ACC)| "16 February 1989" );; line 126164 (wfb::source-text aim |Arab Cooperation Council (ACC)| "to promote economic cooperation and integration, possibly leading to an Arab Common Market" );; line 126166 (wfb::source-text members |Arab Cooperation Council (ACC)| "(4) Egypt, Iraq, Jordan, Yemen" );; line 126169 (wfb::source-text address |Arab Fund for Economic and Social Development (AFESD)| "P.O. Box 21923, Safat 13080, Kuwait" );; line 126175 (wfb::source-text telephone |Arab Fund for Economic and Social Development (AFESD)| "[965] 2451580, 2451588" );; line 126177 (wfb::source-text fax |Arab Fund for Economic and Social Development (AFESD)| "[965] 2416758" );; line 126179 (wfb::source-text established |Arab Fund for Economic and Social Development (AFESD)| "16 May 1968" );; line 126181 (wfb::source-text aim |Arab Fund for Economic and Social Development (AFESD)| "to promote economic and social development" );; line 126183 (wfb::source-text members |Arab Fund for Economic and Social Development (AFESD)| "(20 plus the Palestine Liberation Organization) Algeria, Bahrain, Djibouti, Egypt (suspended from 1979 to 1988), Iraq, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Libya, Mauritania, Morocco, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Somalia, Sudan, Syria, Tunisia, UAE, Yemen, Palestine Liberation Organization" );; line 126185 (wfb::source-text note |Arab League (AL)| "also known as League of Arab States (LAS)" );; line 126194 (wfb::source-text address |Arab League (AL)| "Midan Attahrir, Tahrir Square, P.O. Box 11642, Cairo, Egypt" );; line 126196 (wfb::source-text telephone |Arab League (AL)| "[20] (2) 750 511" );; line 126198 (wfb::source-text fax |Arab League (AL)| "[20] (2) 740 331" );; line 126200 (wfb::source-text established |Arab League (AL)| "22 March 1945" );; line 126202 (wfb::source-text aim |Arab League (AL)| "to promote economic, social, political, and military cooperation" );; line 126204 (wfb::source-text members |Arab League (AL)| "(21 plus the Palestine Liberation Organization) Algeria, Bahrain, Comoros, Djibouti, Egypt, Iraq, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Libya, Mauritania, Morocco, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Somalia, Sudan, Syria, Tunisia, UAE, Yemen, Palestine Liberation Organization" );; line 126206 (wfb::source-text address |Arab Maghreb Union (AMU)| "27 avenue Okba Agdal, Rabat, Morocco" );; line 126215 (wfb::source-text established |Arab Maghreb Union (AMU)| "17 February 1989" );; line 126217 (wfb::source-text aim |Arab Maghreb Union (AMU)| "to promote cooperation and integration among the Arab states of northern Africa" );; line 126219 (wfb::source-text members |Arab Maghreb Union (AMU)| "(5) Algeria, Libya, Mauritania, Morocco, Tunisia" );; line 126222 (wfb::source-text address |Arab Monetary Fund (AMF)| "P.O. Box 2818, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates" );; line 126228 (wfb::source-text telephone |Arab Monetary Fund (AMF)| "[971] (2) 215000" );; line 126230 (wfb::source-text fax |Arab Monetary Fund (AMF)| "[971] (2) 326454" );; line 126232 (wfb::source-text established |Arab Monetary Fund (AMF)| "27 April 1976" );; line 126234 (wfb::source-text effective |Arab Monetary Fund (AMF)| "2 February 1977" );; line 126236 (wfb::source-text aim |Arab Monetary Fund (AMF)| "to promote Arab cooperation, development, and integration in monetary and economic affairs" );; line 126238 (wfb::source-text members |Arab Monetary Fund (AMF)| "(19 plus the Palestine Liberation Organization) Algeria, Bahrain, Egypt, Iraq, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Libya, Mauritania, Morocco, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Somalia, Sudan, Syria, Tunisia, UAE, Yemen, Palestine Liberation Organization" );; line 126241 (wfb::source-text address |Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC)| "Ministry of Trade and Industry, Public Relations, 8 Shenton Way No 48-01, Treasury Building, Singapore, Singapore" );; line 126250 (wfb::source-text established |Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC)| "7 November 1989" );; line 126253 (wfb::source-text aim |Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC)| "to promote trade and investment in the Pacific basin" );; line 126255 (wfb::source-text members |Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC)| "(18) all ASEAN members (Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand) plus Australia, Canada, Chile, China, Hong Kong, Japan, South Korea, Mexico, NZ, Papua New Guinea, Taiwan, US" );; line 126257 (wfb::source-text observers |Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC)| "(3) Association of Southeast Asian Nations, Pacific Economic Cooperation Conference, South Pacific Forum" );; line 126261 (wfb::source-text address |Asian Development Bank (AsDB)| "6 ADB Avenue, Mandaluyong, METRO Manila, Philippines" );; line 126268 (wfb::source-text telephone |Asian Development Bank (AsDB)| "[63] (2) 711 3851" );; line 126270 (wfb::source-text fax |Asian Development Bank (AsDB)| "[63] (2) 741 7961, 631 6816" );; line 126272 (wfb::source-text established |Asian Development Bank (AsDB)| "19 December 1966" );; line 126274 (wfb::source-text aim |Asian Development Bank (AsDB)| "to promote regional economic cooperation" );; line 126276 (wfb::source-text regional_members |Asian Development Bank (AsDB)| "(40) Afghanistan, Australia, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Burma, Cambodia, China, Cook Islands, Fiji, Hong Kong, India, Indonesia, Japan, Kazakhstan, Kiribati, South Korea, Kyrgyzstan, Laos, Malaysia, Maldives, Marshall Islands, Federated States of Micronesia, Mongolia, Nauru, Nepal, NZ, Pakistan, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Singapore, Solomon Islands, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Thailand, Tonga, Tuvalu, Uzbekistan, Vanuatu, Vietnam, Western Samoa" );; line 126278 (wfb::source-text nonregional_members |Asian Development Bank (AsDB)| "(16) Austria, Belgium, Canada, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Italy, Netherlands, Norway, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, UK, US" );; line 126285 (wfb::source-text see |Asociacion Latinoamericana de Integracion (ALADI)| "Latin American Integration Association (LAIA)" );; line 126292 (wfb::source-text address |Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN)| "Jalan Sisingamangaraja 70A, Kebayoran Baru, P.O. Box 2072, Jakarta 12110, Indonesia" );; line 126298 (wfb::source-text telephone |Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN)| "[62] (21) 71 22 72, 71 19 88" );; line 126301 (wfb::source-text fax |Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN)| "[62] (21) 739 82 34" );; line 126303 (wfb::source-text established |Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN)| "9 August 1967" );; line 126305 (wfb::source-text aim |Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN)| "to encourage regional economic, social, and cultural cooperation among the non-Communist countries of Southeast Asia" );; line 126307 (wfb::source-text members |Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN)| "(6) Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand" );; line 126310 (wfb::source-text observers |Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN)| "(3) Laos, Papua New Guinea, Vietnam" );; line 126312 (wfb::source-text established australia_group "1984" );; line 126318 (wfb::source-text aim australia_group "to consult on and coordinate export controls related to chemical and biological weapons" );; line 126320 (wfb::source-text members australia_group "(28) Argentina, Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Luxembourg, Netherlands, NZ, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, UK, US" );; line 126323 (wfb::source-text observer australia_group "(1) Singapore" );; line 126328 (wfb::source-text address |Australia-New Zealand-United States Security Treaty (ANZUS)| "c/o Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade, Bag 8, Queen Victoria Terrace, Canberra ACT 2600, Australia" );; line 126334 (wfb::source-text telephone |Australia-New Zealand-United States Security Treaty (ANZUS)| "[61] (62) 61 91 11" );; line 126337 (wfb::source-text fax |Australia-New Zealand-United States Security Treaty (ANZUS)| "[61] (62) 61 21 51" );; line 126339 (wfb::source-text established |Australia-New Zealand-United States Security Treaty (ANZUS)| "1 September 1951" );; line 126341 (wfb::source-text effective |Australia-New Zealand-United States Security Treaty (ANZUS)| "29 April 1952" );; line 126343 (wfb::source-text aim |Australia-New Zealand-United States Security Treaty (ANZUS)| "to implement a trilateral mutual security agreement, although the US suspended security obligations to NZ on 11 August 1986" );; line 126345 (wfb::source-text members |Australia-New Zealand-United States Security Treaty (ANZUS)| "(3) Australia, NZ, US" );; line 126348 (wfb::source-text see |Banco Centroamericano de Integracion Economico (BCIE)| "Central American Bank for Economic Integration (BCIE)" );; line 126354 (wfb::source-text see |Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo (BID)| "Inter-American Development Bank (IADB)" );; line 126360 (wfb::source-text address |Bank for International Settlements (BIS)| "Centralbahnplatz 2, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland" );; line 126366 (wfb::source-text telephone |Bank for International Settlements (BIS)| "[41] (61) 280 80 80" );; line 126368 (wfb::source-text fax |Bank for International Settlements (BIS)| "[41] (61) 280 91 00" );; line 126370 (wfb::source-text established |Bank for International Settlements (BIS)| "20 January 1930" );; line 126372 (wfb::source-text effective |Bank for International Settlements (BIS)| "17 March 1930" );; line 126374 (wfb::source-text aim |Bank for International Settlements (BIS)| "to promote cooperation among central banks in international financial settlements" );; line 126376 (wfb::source-text members |Bank for International Settlements (BIS)| "(33) Australia, Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Canada, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Latvia, Lithuania, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, South Africa, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, UK, US, Yugoslavia" );; line 126379 (wfb::source-text see |Banque Africaine de Developpement (BAD)| "African Development Bank (AfDB)" );; line 126389 (wfb::source-text see |Banque Arabe de Developpement Economique en Afrique (BADEA)| "Arab Bank for Economic Development in Africa (ABEDA)" );; line 126395 (wfb::source-text see |Banque de Developpement des Etats de l'Afrique Centrale (BDEAC)| "Central African States Development Bank (BDEAC)" );; line 126401 (wfb::source-text see |Banque Ouest-Africaine de Developpement (BOAD)| "West African Development Bank (WADB)" );; line 126407 (wfb::source-text note |Benelux Economic Union (Benelux)| "acronym from Belgium, Netherlands, and Luxembourg" );; line 126413 (wfb::source-text address |Benelux Economic Union (Benelux)| "Rue de la Regence 39, B-1000 Brussels, Belgium" );; line 126415 (wfb::source-text telephone |Benelux Economic Union (Benelux)| "[32] (2) 519 38 11" );; line 126417 (wfb::source-text fax |Benelux Economic Union (Benelux)| "[32] (2) 513 42 06" );; line 126419 (wfb::source-text established |Benelux Economic Union (Benelux)| "3 February 1958" );; line 126421 (wfb::source-text effective |Benelux Economic Union (Benelux)| "1 November 1960" );; line 126423 (wfb::source-text aim |Benelux Economic Union (Benelux)| "to develop closer economic cooperation and integration" );; line 126425 (wfb::source-text members |Benelux Economic Union (Benelux)| "(3) Belgium, Luxembourg, Netherlands" );; line 126427 (wfb::source-text note big_seven "membership is the same as the Group of 7" );; line 126433 (wfb::source-text established big_seven "NA 1975" );; line 126435 (wfb::source-text aim big_seven "to discuss and coordinate major economic policies" );; line 126437 (wfb::source-text members big_seven "(7) Big Six (Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, UK) plus the US" );; line 126439 (wfb::source-text note big_six "not to be confused with the Group of 6" );; line 126446 (wfb::source-text established big_six "NA 1967" );; line 126448 (wfb::source-text aim big_six "to foster economic cooperation" );; line 126450 (wfb::source-text members big_six "(6) Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, UK" );; line 126452 (wfb::source-text established |Black Sea Economic Cooperation Zone (BSEC)| "25 June 1992" );; line 126458 (wfb::source-text aim |Black Sea Economic Cooperation Zone (BSEC)| "to enhance regional stability through economic cooperation" );; line 126460 (wfb::source-text members |Black Sea Economic Cooperation Zone (BSEC)| "(11) Albania, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Bulgaria, Georgia, Greece, Moldova, Romania, Russia, Turkey, Ukraine" );; line 126462 (wfb::source-text observer |Black Sea Economic Cooperation Zone (BSEC)| "(1) Poland" );; line 126465 (wfb::source-text address |Caribbean Community and Common Market (CARICOM)| "CARICOM, P.O. Box 10827, Bank of Guyana Building, 3rd floor, Avenue of the Republic, Georgetown, Guyana" );; line 126471 (wfb::source-text telephone |Caribbean Community and Common Market (CARICOM)| "[592] (2) 69281 through 69289" );; line 126474 (wfb::source-text fax |Caribbean Community and Common Market (CARICOM)| "[592] (2) 66091, 67816, 57341" );; line 126476 (wfb::source-text established |Caribbean Community and Common Market (CARICOM)| "4 July 1973" );; line 126478 (wfb::source-text effective |Caribbean Community and Common Market (CARICOM)| "1 August 1973" );; line 126480 (wfb::source-text aim |Caribbean Community and Common Market (CARICOM)| "to promote economic integration and development, especially among the less developed countries" );; line 126482 (wfb::source-text members |Caribbean Community and Common Market (CARICOM)| "(14) Antigua and Barbuda, The Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, Dominica, Grenada, Guyana, Jamaica, Montserrat, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago" );; line 126485 (wfb::source-text associate_members |Caribbean Community and Common Market (CARICOM)| "(2) British Virgin Islands, Turks and Caicos Islands" );; line 126489 (wfb::source-text observers |Caribbean Community and Common Market (CARICOM)| "(9) Anguilla, Bermuda, Cayman Islands, Dominican Republic, Haiti, Mexico, Netherlands Antilles, Puerto Rico, Venezuela" );; line 126491 (wfb::source-text address |Caribbean Development Bank (CDB)| "P.O. Box 408, Wildey, St. Michael, Barbados" );; line 126498 (wfb::source-text telephone |Caribbean Development Bank (CDB)| "[1] (809) 431 1600" );; line 126500 (wfb::source-text fax |Caribbean Development Bank (CDB)| "[1] (809) 426 7269" );; line 126502 (wfb::source-text established |Caribbean Development Bank (CDB)| "18 October 1969" );; line 126504 (wfb::source-text effective |Caribbean Development Bank (CDB)| "26 January 1970" );; line 126506 (wfb::source-text aim |Caribbean Development Bank (CDB)| "to promote economic development and cooperation" );; line 126508 (wfb::source-text regional_members |Caribbean Development Bank (CDB)| "(20) Anguilla, Antigua and Barbuda, The Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, British Virgin Islands, Cayman Islands, Colombia, Dominica, Grenada, Guyana, Jamaica, Mexico, Montserrat, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Trinidad and Tobago, Turks and Caicos Islands, Venezuela" );; line 126510 (wfb::source-text nonregional_members |Caribbean Development Bank (CDB)| "(5) Canada, France, Germany, Italy, UK" );; line 126516 (wfb::source-text see cartagena_group "Group of 11" );; line 126522 (wfb::source-text note |Central African Customs and Economic Union (UDEAC)| "acronym from Union Douaniere et Economique de l'Afrique Centrale" );; line 126528 (wfb::source-text address |Central African Customs and Economic Union (UDEAC)| "BP 969, Bangui, Central African Republic" );; line 126530 (wfb::source-text telephone |Central African Customs and Economic Union (UDEAC)| "[236] 61 09 22, 61 45 77" );; line 126532 (wfb::source-text fax |Central African Customs and Economic Union (UDEAC)| "[236] 61 21 35" );; line 126534 (wfb::source-text established |Central African Customs and Economic Union (UDEAC)| "8 December 1964" );; line 126536 (wfb::source-text effective |Central African Customs and Economic Union (UDEAC)| "1 January 1966" );; line 126538 (wfb::source-text aim |Central African Customs and Economic Union (UDEAC)| "to promote the establishment of a Central African Common Market" );; line 126540 (wfb::source-text members |Central African Customs and Economic Union (UDEAC)| "(6) Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon" );; line 126542 (wfb::source-text note |Central African States Development Bank (BDEAC)| "acronym from Banque de Developpement des Etats de l'Afrique Centrale" );; line 126549 (wfb::source-text address |Central African States Development Bank (BDEAC)| "BDEAC, Place du Gouvernement, BP 1177, Brazzaville, Congo" );; line 126552 (wfb::source-text telephone |Central African States Development Bank (BDEAC)| "[242] 83 01 26, 83 01 49, 81 02 12, 81 02 21" );; line 126554 (wfb::source-text fax |Central African States Development Bank (BDEAC)| "[242] 83 02 66" );; line 126556 (wfb::source-text established |Central African States Development Bank (BDEAC)| "3 December 1975" );; line 126558 (wfb::source-text aim |Central African States Development Bank (BDEAC)| "to provide loans for economic development" );; line 126560 (wfb::source-text members |Central African States Development Bank (BDEAC)| "(9) Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Congo, Equatorial Guinea, France, Gabon, Germany, Kuwait" );; line 126562 (wfb::source-text note |Central American Bank for Economic Integration (BCIE)| "acronym from Banco Centroamericano de Integracion Economico" );; line 126569 (wfb::source-text address |Central American Bank for Economic Integration (BCIE)| "Apartado Postal 772, Tegucigalpa DC, Honduras" );; line 126571 (wfb::source-text telephone |Central American Bank for Economic Integration (BCIE)| "[504] 372230 through 372239, 371184 through 371188" );; line 126573 (wfb::source-text fax |Central American Bank for Economic Integration (BCIE)| "[504] 370793" );; line 126575 (wfb::source-text established |Central American Bank for Economic Integration (BCIE)| "13 December 1960" );; line 126577 (wfb::source-text aim |Central American Bank for Economic Integration (BCIE)| "to promote economic integration and development" );; line 126579 (wfb::source-text members |Central American Bank for Economic Integration (BCIE)| "(5) Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua" );; line 126581 (wfb::source-text nonregional_members |Central American Bank for Economic Integration (BCIE)| "(4) Argentina, Mexico, Taiwan, Venezuela" );; line 126583 (wfb::source-text address |Central American Common Market (CACM)| "4A Avda 10-25, Zona 14, Apdo Postal 1237, 01901 Guatemala City, Guatemala" );; line 126589 (wfb::source-text telephone |Central American Common Market (CACM)| "[502] (2) 682151" );; line 126592 (wfb::source-text fax |Central American Common Market (CACM)| "[502] (2) 681071" );; line 126594 (wfb::source-text established |Central American Common Market (CACM)| "13 December 1960" );; line 126596 (wfb::source-text effective |Central American Common Market (CACM)| "3 June 1961" );; line 126598 (wfb::source-text aim |Central American Common Market (CACM)| "to promote establishment of a Central American Common Market" );; line 126600 (wfb::source-text members |Central American Common Market (CACM)| "(5) Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua" );; line 126602 (wfb::source-text note |Central European Initiative (CEI)| "evolved from the Hexagonal Group" );; line 126608 (wfb::source-text address |Central European Initiative (CEI)| "Chairman of the National Coordinators, Ministry for Foreign Affairs, Bem rakpart 47, Budapest II, Hungary" );; line 126610 (wfb::source-text established |Central European Initiative (CEI)| "27 July 1991" );; line 126613 (wfb::source-text aim |Central European Initiative (CEI)| "to form an economic and political cooperation group for the region between the Adriatic and the Baltic Seas" );; line 126615 (wfb::source-text members |Central European Initiative (CEI)| "(10) Austria, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Czech Republic, Hungary, Italy, The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Poland, Slovakia, Slovenia" );; line 126618 (wfb::source-text associate_members |Central European Initiative (CEI)| "(4) Bulgaria, Belarus, Romania, Ukraine" );; line 126622 (wfb::source-text address |Colombo Plan (CP)| "Colombo Plan Bureau, P.O. Box 596, 12 Melbourne Avenue, Colombo 4, Sri Lanka" );; line 126637 (wfb::source-text telephone |Colombo Plan (CP)| "[94] (1) 581813, 581853, 581754" );; line 126640 (wfb::source-text fax |Colombo Plan (CP)| "[94] (1) 580721" );; line 126642 (wfb::source-text established |Colombo Plan (CP)| "1 July 1951" );; line 126644 (wfb::source-text aim |Colombo Plan (CP)| "to promote economic and social development in Asia and the Pacific" );; line 126646 (wfb::source-text members |Colombo Plan (CP)| "(24) Afghanistan, Australia, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Burma, Cambodia, Fiji, India, Indonesia, Iran, Japan, South Korea, Laos, Malaysia, Maldives, Nepal, NZ, Pakistan, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Singapore, Sri Lanka, Thailand, US" );; line 126649 (wfb::source-text note commission_for_social_development "formerly Social Commission" );; line 126658 (wfb::source-text address commission_for_social_development "c/o ECOSOC/DPCSD, United Nations, New York, NY 10017, USA" );; line 126660 (wfb::source-text telephone commission_for_social_development "[1] (212) 963 2320" );; line 126662 (wfb::source-text fax commission_for_social_development "[1] (212) 963 5935" );; line 126664 (wfb::source-text established commission_for_social_development "21 June 1946 as the Social Commission, renamed 29 July 1966" );; line 126666 (wfb::source-text aim commission_for_social_development "to deal, as part of the Economic and Social Council, with social development programs of UN" );; line 126668 (wfb::source-text members commission_for_social_development "(32) selected on a rotating basis from all regions" );; line 126671 (wfb::source-text established commission_on_crime_prevention_and_criminal_justice "6 February 1992" );; line 126677 (wfb::source-text aim commission_on_crime_prevention_and_criminal_justice "to provide guidance, as part of the Economic and Social Council, on crime prevention and criminal justice" );; line 126679 (wfb::source-text members commission_on_crime_prevention_and_criminal_justice "(40) selected on a rotating basis from all regions" );; line 126682 (wfb::source-text address commission_on_human_rights "c/o United Nationas Office, Centre for Human Rights, Palais des Nations, CH-1211 Geneva 10, Switzerland" );; line 126688 (wfb::source-text telephone commission_on_human_rights "[41] (22) 917 12 34, 907 12 34" );; line 126691 (wfb::source-text fax commission_on_human_rights "[41] (22) 733 32 46" );; line 126693 (wfb::source-text established commission_on_human_rights "18 February 1946" );; line 126695 (wfb::source-text aim commission_on_human_rights "to assist, as part of the Economic and Social Council, with human rights programs of UN" );; line 126697 (wfb::source-text members commission_on_human_rights "(53) selected on a rotating basis from all regions" );; line 126700 (wfb::source-text address |Commission on Human Settlements (Habitat)| "c/o HABITAT, P.O. Box 30030, Nairobi, Kenya" );; line 126706 (wfb::source-text telephone |Commission on Human Settlements (Habitat)| "[254] (2) 621234" );; line 126708 (wfb::source-text fax |Commission on Human Settlements (Habitat)| "[254] (2) 226473, 226479" );; line 126710 (wfb::source-text established |Commission on Human Settlements (Habitat)| "12 October 1978" );; line 126712 (wfb::source-text aim |Commission on Human Settlements (Habitat)| "to assist, as part of the Economic and Social Council, in solving human settlement problems of UN" );; line 126714 (wfb::source-text members |Commission on Human Settlements (Habitat)| "(58) selected on a rotating basis from all regions" );; line 126717 (wfb::source-text address commission_on_narcotic_drugs "c/o International Drug Control Programme, Treaty Implementation and Legal Affairs Division, P.O. Box 500, A-1400 Vienna, Austria" );; line 126723 (wfb::source-text telephone commission_on_narcotic_drugs "[43] (1) 211 310" );; line 126726 (wfb::source-text fax commission_on_narcotic_drugs "[43] (1) 230 7002" );; line 126728 (wfb::source-text established commission_on_narcotic_drugs "16 February 1946" );; line 126730 (wfb::source-text aim commission_on_narcotic_drugs "Economic and Social Council organization dealing with illicit drugs programs of UN" );; line 126732 (wfb::source-text members commission_on_narcotic_drugs "(53) selected on a rotating basis from all regions with emphasis on producing and processing countries" );; line 126735 (wfb::source-text established commission_on_science_and_technology_for_development "30 April 1992" );; line 126742 (wfb::source-text aim commission_on_science_and_technology_for_development "to promote international cooperation, as part of the Economic and Social Council, in the field of science and technology" );; line 126744 (wfb::source-text members commission_on_science_and_technology_for_development "(53) selected on a rotating basis from all regions" );; line 126747 (wfb::source-text address commission_on_the_status_of_women "c/o Economic and Social Council, Affairs Division, Department for Policy Coordination and Sustainable Development, Room S-2963, United Nations, New York, NY 10017, USA" );; line 126753 (wfb::source-text established commission_on_the_status_of_women "21 June 1946" );; line 126757 (wfb::source-text aim commission_on_the_status_of_women "to deal, as part of the Economic and Social Council, with women's rights goals of UN" );; line 126759 (wfb::source-text members commission_on_the_status_of_women "(45) selected on a rotating basis from all regions" );; line 126762 (wfb::source-text established commission_on_sustainable_development "12 February 1993" );; line 126768 (wfb::source-text aim commission_on_sustainable_development "to monitor, as part of the Economic and Social Council, implementation of agreements reached at the UN Conference on Environment and Development" );; line 126770 (wfb::source-text members commission_on_sustainable_development "(53) selected on a rotating basis from all regions" );; line 126774 (wfb::source-text address |Commonwealth (C)| "c/o Commonwealth Secretariat, Marlborough House, Pall Mall, London SW1Y5HX, UK" );; line 126780 (wfb::source-text telephone |Commonwealth (C)| "[44] (71) 839 3411" );; line 126783 (wfb::source-text fax |Commonwealth (C)| "[44] (71) 930 0827" );; line 126785 (wfb::source-text established |Commonwealth (C)| "31 December 1931" );; line 126787 (wfb::source-text aim |Commonwealth (C)| "to foster multinational cooperation and assistance, as a voluntary association that evolved from the British Empire" );; line 126789 (wfb::source-text members |Commonwealth (C)| "(49) Antigua and Barbuda, Australia, The Bahamas, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belize, Botswana, Brunei, Canada, Cyprus, Dominica, The Gambia, Ghana, Grenada, Guyana, India, Jamaica, Kenya, Kiribati, Lesotho, Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives, Malta, Mauritius, Namibia, NZ, Nigeria, Pakistan, Papua New Guinea, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Solomon Islands, South Africa, Sri Lanka, Swaziland, Tanzania, Tonga, Trinidad and Tobago, Uganda, UK, Vanuatu, Western Samoa, Zambia, Zimbabwe" );; line 126792 (wfb::source-text special_members |Commonwealth (C)| "(2) Nauru, Tuvalu" );; line 126801 (wfb::source-text address |Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS)| "Kirov Street 17, 220000 Minsk, Belarus" );; line 126807 (wfb::source-text telephone |Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS)| "[7] (172) 293434, 293517" );; line 126809 (wfb::source-text fax |Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS)| "[7] (172) 261894, 261944" );; line 126811 (wfb::source-text established |Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS)| "8 December 1991" );; line 126813 (wfb::source-text effective |Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS)| "21 December 1991" );; line 126815 (wfb::source-text aim |Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS)| "to coordinate intercommonwealth relations and to provide a mechanism for the orderly dissolution of the USSR" );; line 126817 (wfb::source-text members |Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS)| "(12) Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, Russia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, Uzbekistan" );; line 126820 (wfb::source-text see |Communaute Economique de l'Afrique de l'Ouest (CEAO)| "West African Economic Community (CEAO)" );; line 126827 (wfb::source-text see |Communaute Economique des Etats de l'Afrique Centrale (CEEAC)| "Economic Community of Central African States (CEEAC)" );; line 126833 (wfb::source-text see |Communaute Economique des Pays des Grands Lacs (CEPGL)| "Economic Community of the Great Lakes Countries (CEPGL)" );; line 126839 (wfb::source-text see |Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe (CSCE)| "Organization on Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE)" );; line 126852 (wfb::source-text see |Conseil Europeen pour la Recherche Nucleaire (CERN)| "European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN)" );; line 126858 (wfb::source-text see cooperation_council_for_the_arab_states_of_the_gulf "Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC)" );; line 126871 (wfb::source-text note |Council for Mutual Economic Assistance (CEMA)| "also known as CMEA or Comecon established 25 January 1949 to promote the development of socialist economies and was abolished 1 January 1991; members included Afghanistan (observer), Albania (had not participated since 1961 break with USSR), Angola (observer), Bulgaria, Cuba, Czechoslovakia, Ethiopia (observer), GDR, Hungary, Laos (observer), Mongolia, Mozambique (observer), Nicaragua (observer), Poland, Romania, USSR, Vietnam, Yemen (observer), Yugoslavia (associate)" );; line 126887 (wfb::source-text address |Council of Arab Economic Unity (CAEU)| "BP 925100, Amman, Jordan" );; line 126899 (wfb::source-text telephone |Council of Arab Economic Unity (CAEU)| "[962] (6) 66 43 26, 66 43 27, 66 43 28" );; line 126901 (wfb::source-text fax |Council of Arab Economic Unity (CAEU)| "[962] (6) 66 33 43" );; line 126903 (wfb::source-text established |Council of Arab Economic Unity (CAEU)| "3 June 1957" );; line 126905 (wfb::source-text effective |Council of Arab Economic Unity (CAEU)| "30 May 1964" );; line 126907 (wfb::source-text aim |Council of Arab Economic Unity (CAEU)| "to promote economic integration among Arab nations" );; line 126909 (wfb::source-text members |Council of Arab Economic Unity (CAEU)| "(11 plus the Palestine Liberation Organization) Egypt, Iraq, Jordan, Kuwait, Libya, Mauritania, Somalia, Sudan, Syria, UAE, Yemen, Palestine Liberation Organization" );; line 126911 (wfb::source-text address |Council of Europe (CE)| "Palais de l’Europe, F-67075 Strasbourg CEDEX, France" );; line 126919 (wfb::source-text telephone |Council of Europe (CE)| "[33] 88 41 20 00" );; line 126921 (wfb::source-text fax |Council of Europe (CE)| "[33] 88 41 27 81, 88 41 27 82" );; line 126923 (wfb::source-text established |Council of Europe (CE)| "5 May 1949" );; line 126925 (wfb::source-text effective |Council of Europe (CE)| "3 August 1949" );; line 126927 (wfb::source-text aim |Council of Europe (CE)| "to promote increased unity and quality of life in Europe" );; line 126929 (wfb::source-text members |Council of Europe (CE)| "(32) Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, San Marino, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, UK" );; line 126931 (wfb::source-text guests |Council of Europe (CE)| "(9) Albania, Belarus, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Latvia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Moldova, Russia, Ukraine" );; line 126936 (wfb::source-text observer |Council of Europe (CE)| "(1) Israel" );; line 126939 (wfb::source-text established |Council of the Baltic Sea States (CBSS)| "5 March 1992" );; line 126945 (wfb::source-text aim |Council of the Baltic Sea States (CBSS)| "to promote cooperation among the Baltic Sea states in the areas of aid to new democratic institutions, economic development, humanitarian aid, energy and the environment, cultural programs and education, and transportation and communication" );; line 126947 (wfb::source-text members |Council of the Baltic Sea States (CBSS)| "(10) Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Latvia, Lithuania, Norway, Poland, Russia, Sweden" );; line 126952 (wfb::source-text address |Council of the Entente (Entente)| "BP 3734, Abidjan 01, Cote d’Ivoire" );; line 126959 (wfb::source-text telephone |Council of the Entente (Entente)| "[225] 33 10 01, 33 28 35" );; line 126961 (wfb::source-text fax |Council of the Entente (Entente)| "[225] 33 11 49" );; line 126963 (wfb::source-text established |Council of the Entente (Entente)| "29 May 1959" );; line 126965 (wfb::source-text aim |Council of the Entente (Entente)| "to promote economic, social, and political coordination" );; line 126967 (wfb::source-text members |Council of the Entente (Entente)| "(5) Benin, Burkina, Cote d'Ivoire, Niger, Togo" );; line 126969 (wfb::source-text address |Customs Cooperation Council (CCC)| "Rue de l’Industrie 26-38, B-1040 Brussels, Belgium" );; line 126975 (wfb::source-text telephone |Customs Cooperation Council (CCC)| "[32] (2) 508 42 11" );; line 126977 (wfb::source-text fax |Customs Cooperation Council (CCC)| "[32] (2) 508 42 40" );; line 126979 (wfb::source-text established |Customs Cooperation Council (CCC)| "15 December 1950" );; line 126981 (wfb::source-text aim |Customs Cooperation Council (CCC)| "to promote international cooperation in customs matters" );; line 126983 (wfb::source-text members |Customs Cooperation Council (CCC)| "(136) Albania, Algeria, Angola, Argentina, Armenia, Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan, The Bahamas, Bangladesh, Belarus, Belgium, Bermuda, Botswana, Brazil, Bulgaria, Burkina, Burma, Burundi, Cameroon, Canada, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chile, China, Colombia, Comoros, Congo, Cote d'Ivoire, Croatia, Cuba, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Egypt, Estonia, Ethiopia, Finland, France, Gabon, The Gambia, Georgia, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Guatemala, Guinea, Guyana, Haiti, Hong Kong, Hungary, Iceland, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kenya, South Korea, Kuwait, Latvia, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Macau, The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Mali, Malta, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Mongolia, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Nepal, Netherlands, NZ, Niger, Nigeria, Norway, Pakistan, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Qatar, Romania, Russia, Rwanda, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Slovakia, Slovenia, South Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Swaziland, Sweden, Switzerland, Syria, Tanzania, Thailand, Togo, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Uganda, Ukraine, UAE, UK, US, Uruguay, Uzbekistan, Vietnam, Yemen, Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe" );; line 126985 (wfb::source-text address |East African Development Bank (EADB)| "4 Nile Avenue, P.O. Box 7128, Kampala, Uganda" );; line 127029 (wfb::source-text telephone |East African Development Bank (EADB)| "[256] (41) 230021, 230825" );; line 127031 (wfb::source-text fax |East African Development Bank (EADB)| "[256] (41) 259763" );; line 127033 (wfb::source-text established |East African Development Bank (EADB)| "6 June 1967" );; line 127035 (wfb::source-text effective |East African Development Bank (EADB)| "1 December 1967" );; line 127037 (wfb::source-text aim |East African Development Bank (EADB)| "to promote economic development" );; line 127039 (wfb::source-text members |East African Development Bank (EADB)| "(3) Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda" );; line 127041 (wfb::source-text address |Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (ESCAP)| "United Nations Building, Rajadamnern Avenue, Bangkok 10200, Thailand" );; line 127047 (wfb::source-text telephone |Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (ESCAP)| "[66] (2) 2829161 through 2829200, 2829381 through 2829389" );; line 127050 (wfb::source-text fax |Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (ESCAP)| "[66] (2) 2811743" );; line 127052 (wfb::source-text established |Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (ESCAP)| "28 March 1947 as Economic Commission for Asia and the Far East (ECAFE)" );; line 127054 (wfb::source-text aim |Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (ESCAP)| "to carryout the commitment of the Economic and Social Council of the UN to promote economic development" );; line 127057 (wfb::source-text members |Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (ESCAP)| "(49) Afghanistan, Armenia, Australia, Azerbaijan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Brunei, Burma, Cambodia, China, Fiji, France, India, Indonesia, Iran, Japan, Kazakhstan, Kiribati, North Korea, South Korea, Kyrgyzstan, Laos, Malaysia, Maldives, Marshall Islands, Federated States of Micronesia, Mongolia, Nauru, Nepal, Netherlands, NZ, Pakistan, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Russia, Singapore, Solomon Islands, Sri Lanka, Tajikistan, Thailand, Tonga, Turkmenistan, Tuvalu, UK, US, Uzbekistan, Vanuatu, Vietnam, Western Samoa" );; line 127060 (wfb::source-text associate_members |Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (ESCAP)| "(10) American Samoa, Cook Islands, French Polynesia, Guam, Hong Kong, Macau, New Caledonia, Niue, Northern Mariana Islands, Palau" );; line 127068 (wfb::source-text address |Economic and Social Commission for Western Asia (ESCWA)| "(temporary) P.O. Box 927115, Amman, Jordan" );; line 127075 (wfb::source-text telephone |Economic and Social Commission for Western Asia (ESCWA)| "[962] (6) 694351" );; line 127077 (wfb::source-text fax |Economic and Social Commission for Western Asia (ESCWA)| "[962] (6) 694981, 694982" );; line 127079 (wfb::source-text established |Economic and Social Commission for Western Asia (ESCWA)| "9 August 1973 as Economic Commission for Western Asia (ECWA)" );; line 127081 (wfb::source-text aim |Economic and Social Commission for Western Asia (ESCWA)| "to promote economic development as a regional commission for the UN's Economic and Social Council" );; line 127083 (wfb::source-text members |Economic and Social Commission for Western Asia (ESCWA)| "(12 plus the Palestine Liberation Organization) Bahrain, Egypt, Iraq, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Syria, UAE, Yemen, Palestine Liberation Organization" );; line 127086 (wfb::source-text address |Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC)| "United Nations, New York, NY 10017, USA" );; line 127094 (wfb::source-text telephone |Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC)| "[1] (212) 963 1234" );; line 127096 (wfb::source-text fax |Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC)| "[1] (212) 758 2718" );; line 127098 (wfb::source-text established |Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC)| "26 June 1945" );; line 127100 (wfb::source-text effective |Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC)| "24 October 1945" );; line 127102 (wfb::source-text aim |Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC)| "to coordinate the economic and social work of the UN; includes five regional commissions (see Economic Commission for Africa, Economic Commission for Europe, Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean, Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific, Economic and Social Commission for Western Asia) and 10 functional commissions (see Commission for Social Development, Commission on Human Rights, Commission on Narcotic Drugs, Commission on the Status of Women, Population Commission, Statistical Commission, Commission on Science and Technology for Development, Commission on Sustainable Development, Commission on Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice, and Commission on Transnational Corporations)" );; line 127104 (wfb::source-text members |Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC)| "(54) selected on a rotating basis from all regions" );; line 127115 (wfb::source-text address |Economic Commission for Africa (ECA)| "P.O. Box 3001-3005, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia" );; line 127121 (wfb::source-text telephone |Economic Commission for Africa (ECA)| "[251] (1) 51 72 00" );; line 127123 (wfb::source-text fax |Economic Commission for Africa (ECA)| "[251] (1) 51 44 16" );; line 127125 (wfb::source-text established |Economic Commission for Africa (ECA)| "29 April 1958" );; line 127127 (wfb::source-text aim |Economic Commission for Africa (ECA)| "to promote economic development as a regional commission of the UN's Economic and Social Council" );; line 127129 (wfb::source-text members |Economic Commission for Africa (ECA)| "(53) Algeria, Angola, Benin, Botswana, Burkina, Burundi, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Comoros, Congo, Cote d'Ivoire, Djibouti, Egypt, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Gabon, The Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Kenya, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, Madagascar, Malawi, Mali, Mauritania, Mauritius, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Niger, Nigeria, Rwanda, Sao Tome and Principe, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Somalia, South Africa, Sudan, Swaziland, Tanzania, Togo, Tunisia, Uganda, Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe" );; line 127132 (wfb::source-text associate_members |Economic Commission for Africa (ECA)| "(2) France, UK" );; line 127140 (wfb::source-text see |Economic Commission for Asia and the Far East (ECAFE)| "Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (ESCAP)" );; line 127146 (wfb::source-text address |Economic Commission for Europe (ECE)| "Palais des Nations, CH-1211 Geneva 10, Switzerland" );; line 127152 (wfb::source-text telephone |Economic Commission for Europe (ECE)| "[41] (22) 917 1234, 907 2893" );; line 127154 (wfb::source-text fax |Economic Commission for Europe (ECE)| "[41] (22) 917 0036" );; line 127156 (wfb::source-text established |Economic Commission for Europe (ECE)| "28 March 1947" );; line 127158 (wfb::source-text aim |Economic Commission for Europe (ECE)| "to promote economic development as a regional commission of the UN's Economic and Social Council" );; line 127160 (wfb::source-text members |Economic Commission for Europe (ECE)| "(54) Albania, Andorra, Armenia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Canada, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Malta, Moldova, Monaco, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, San Marino, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, UK, US, Uzbekistan, Yugoslavia" );; line 127163 (wfb::source-text see |Economic Commission for Latin America (ECLA)| "Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC)" );; line 127176 (wfb::source-text address |Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC)| "Edificio Naciones Unidas, Avenida Dag Hammarskjold, Casilla 179 D, Santiago, Chile" );; line 127182 (wfb::source-text telephone |Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC)| "[56] (2) 2102000 FAX [56] (2) 2080252, 2081946" );; line 127185 (wfb::source-text established |Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC)| "25 February 1948 as Economic Commission for Latin America (ECLA)" );; line 127187 (wfb::source-text aim |Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC)| "to promote economic development as a regional commission of the UN's Economic and Social Council" );; line 127189 (wfb::source-text members |Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC)| "(41) Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, The Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, Bolivia, Brazil, Canada, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, France, Grenada, Guatemala, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Italy, Jamaica, Mexico, Netherlands, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Portugal, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Spain, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago, UK, US, Uruguay, Venezuela" );; line 127192 (wfb::source-text associate_members |Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC)| "(6) Aruba, British Virgin Islands, Montserrat, Netherlands Antilles, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands" );; line 127200 (wfb::source-text see |Economic Commission for Western Asia (ECWA)| "Economic and Social Commission for Western Asia (ESCWA)" );; line 127207 (wfb::source-text note |Economic Community of Central African States (CEEAC)| "acronym from Communaute Economique des Etats de l'Afrique Centrale" );; line 127213 (wfb::source-text address |Economic Community of Central African States (CEEAC)| "CEEAC, BP 2112, Libreville, Gabon" );; line 127216 (wfb::source-text telephone |Economic Community of Central African States (CEEAC)| "[241] 73 35 47, 73 35 48, 73 36 77" );; line 127218 (wfb::source-text established |Economic Community of Central African States (CEEAC)| "18 October 1983" );; line 127220 (wfb::source-text aim |Economic Community of Central African States (CEEAC)| "to promote regional economic cooperation and establish a Central African Common Market" );; line 127222 (wfb::source-text members |Economic Community of Central African States (CEEAC)| "(10) Burundi, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Rwanda, Sao Tome and Principe, Zaire" );; line 127225 (wfb::source-text observer |Economic Community of Central African States (CEEAC)| "(1) Angola" );; line 127228 (wfb::source-text note |Economic Community of the Great Lakes Countries (CEPGL)| "acronym from Communaute Economique des Pays des Grands Lacs" );; line 127234 (wfb::source-text address |Economic Community of the Great Lakes Countries (CEPGL)| "B.O. Box 58, Gisenyi, Rwanda" );; line 127236 (wfb::source-text telephone |Economic Community of the Great Lakes Countries (CEPGL)| "[250] 40228" );; line 127238 (wfb::source-text fax |Economic Community of the Great Lakes Countries (CEPGL)| "[250] 40785" );; line 127240 (wfb::source-text established |Economic Community of the Great Lakes Countries (CEPGL)| "26 September 1976" );; line 127242 (wfb::source-text aim |Economic Community of the Great Lakes Countries (CEPGL)| "to promote regional economic cooperation and integration" );; line 127244 (wfb::source-text members |Economic Community of the Great Lakes Countries (CEPGL)| "(3) Burundi, Rwanda, Zaire" );; line 127246 (wfb::source-text address |Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS)| "6 King George V Road, PMB 12745, Lagos, Nigeria" );; line 127252 (wfb::source-text telephone |Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS)| "[234] (1) 636839, 636841, 636064, 630398" );; line 127254 (wfb::source-text fax |Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS)| "[234] (1) 636822" );; line 127256 (wfb::source-text established |Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS)| "28 May 1975" );; line 127258 (wfb::source-text aim |Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS)| "to promote regional economic cooperation" );; line 127260 (wfb::source-text members |Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS)| "(16) Benin, Burkina, Cape Verde, Cote d'Ivoire, The Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Togo" );; line 127262 (wfb::source-text address |Economic Cooperation Organization (ECO)| "5 Hejab Avenue, Bd Keshavarz, P.O. Box 14155-6176, Teheran, Iran Islamic Republic" );; line 127270 (wfb::source-text telephone |Economic Cooperation Organization (ECO)| "[98] (21) 658614, 656152, 658045" );; line 127273 (wfb::source-text fax |Economic Cooperation Organization (ECO)| "[98] (21) 658046" );; line 127275 (wfb::source-text established |Economic Cooperation Organization (ECO)| "NA 1985" );; line 127277 (wfb::source-text aim |Economic Cooperation Organization (ECO)| "to promote regional cooperation in trade, transportation, communications, tourism, cultural affairs, and economic development" );; line 127279 (wfb::source-text members |Economic Cooperation Organization (ECO)| "(10) Afghanistan, Azerbaijan, Iran, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Pakistan, Tajikistan, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan" );; line 127282 (wfb::source-text associate_member |Economic Cooperation Organization (ECO)| "(1) \"Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus\"" );; line 127285 (wfb::source-text address |European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD)| "One Exchange Square, London EC2A 2EH, UK" );; line 127291 (wfb::source-text telephone |European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD)| "[44] (71) 338 6000" );; line 127293 (wfb::source-text fax |European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD)| "[44] (71) 338 6100" );; line 127295 (wfb::source-text established |European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD)| "15 April 1991" );; line 127297 (wfb::source-text aim |European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD)| "to facilitate the transition of seven centrally planned economies in Europe (Bulgaria, former Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Poland, Romania, former USSR, and former Yugoslavia) to market economies by committing 60% of its loans to privatization" );; line 127299 (wfb::source-text members |European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD)| "(59) Albania, Armenia, Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Belgium, Bulgaria, Canada, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Egypt, European Union (EU), European Investment Bank (EIB), Estonia, Finland, France, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Japan, Kazakhstan, South Korea, Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Malta, Mexico, Moldova, Morocco, Netherlands, NZ, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Russia, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Tajikistan, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, UK, US, Uzbekistan; note - includes all 25 members of the OECD; also includes the EU as a single entity" );; line 127304 (wfb::source-text address |European Free Trade Association (EFTA)| "9-11 rue de Varembe, CH-1211 Geneva 20, Switzerland" );; line 127329 (wfb::source-text telephone |European Free Trade Association (EFTA)| "[41] (22) 749 11 11" );; line 127331 (wfb::source-text fax |European Free Trade Association (EFTA)| "[41] (22) 733 92 91" );; line 127333 (wfb::source-text established |European Free Trade Association (EFTA)| "4 January 1960" );; line 127335 (wfb::source-text effective |European Free Trade Association (EFTA)| "3 May 1960" );; line 127337 (wfb::source-text aim |European Free Trade Association (EFTA)| "to promote expansion of free trade" );; line 127339 (wfb::source-text members |European Free Trade Association (EFTA)| "(7) Austria, Finland, Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway, Sweden, Switzerland" );; line 127341 (wfb::source-text address |European Investment Bank (EIB)| "Bd Konrad Adenauer 100, L-2950 Luxembourg, Luxembourg" );; line 127348 (wfb::source-text telephone |European Investment Bank (EIB)| "[352] 43791" );; line 127350 (wfb::source-text fax |European Investment Bank (EIB)| "[352] 437704" );; line 127352 (wfb::source-text established |European Investment Bank (EIB)| "25 March 1957" );; line 127354 (wfb::source-text effective |European Investment Bank (EIB)| "1 January 1958" );; line 127356 (wfb::source-text aim |European Investment Bank (EIB)| "to promote economic development of the EU" );; line 127358 (wfb::source-text members |European Investment Bank (EIB)| "(12) Belgium, Denmark, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Portugal, Spain, UK" );; line 127360 (wfb::source-text note |European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN)| "acronym retained from the predecessor organization Conseil Europeen pour la Recherche Nucleaire" );; line 127367 (wfb::source-text address |European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN)| "CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland" );; line 127370 (wfb::source-text telephone |European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN)| "[41] (22) 767 61 11" );; line 127372 (wfb::source-text fax |European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN)| "[41] (22) 767 65 55" );; line 127374 (wfb::source-text established |European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN)| "1 July 1953" );; line 127376 (wfb::source-text effective |European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN)| "29 September 1954" );; line 127378 (wfb::source-text aim |European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN)| "to foster nuclear research for peaceful purposes only" );; line 127380 (wfb::source-text members |European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN)| "(19) Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, UK" );; line 127382 (wfb::source-text observers |European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN)| "(6) EC, Israel, Russia, Turkey, United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), Yugoslavia" );; line 127386 (wfb::source-text address |European Space Agency (ESA)| "8-10 rue Mario Nikis, F-75738 Paris CEDEX 15, France" );; line 127393 (wfb::source-text telephone |European Space Agency (ESA)| "[33] (1) 42 73 76 54" );; line 127395 (wfb::source-text fax |European Space Agency (ESA)| "[33] (1) 42 73 75 60" );; line 127397 (wfb::source-text established |European Space Agency (ESA)| "31 July 1973" );; line 127399 (wfb::source-text effective |European Space Agency (ESA)| "1 May 1975" );; line 127401 (wfb::source-text aim |European Space Agency (ESA)| "to promote peaceful cooperation in space research and technology" );; line 127403 (wfb::source-text members |European Space Agency (ESA)| "(13) Austria, Belgium, Denmark, France, Germany, Ireland, Italy, Netherlands, Norway, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, UK" );; line 127405 (wfb::source-text associate_member |European Space Agency (ESA)| "(1) Finland" );; line 127408 (wfb::source-text cooperating_state |European Space Agency (ESA)| "(1) Canada" );; line 127410 (wfb::source-text note |European Union (EU)| "evolved from the European Community (EC)" );; line 127416 (wfb::source-text address |European Union (EU)| "c/o European Commission, Rue de la Loi 200, B-1049 Brussels, Belgium" );; line 127418 (wfb::source-text telephone |European Union (EU)| "[32] (2) 299 11 11 FAX [32] (2) 295 01 38 through 295 01 40" );; line 127421 (wfb::source-text established |European Union (EU)| "7 February 1992" );; line 127423 (wfb::source-text effective |European Union (EU)| "1 November 1993" );; line 127425 (wfb::source-text aim |European Union (EU)| "to coordinate policy among the 15 members in three fields: economics, building on the European Economic Community's (EEC) efforts to establish a common market and eventually a common currency; defense, within the concept of a Common Foreign and Security Policy (CFSP); and justice and home affairs, including immigration, drugs, terrorism, and improved living and working conditions" );; line 127427 (wfb::source-text members |European Union (EU)| "(15) Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, UK" );; line 127434 (wfb::source-text address |Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO)| "Viale delle Terme di Caracalla, I-00100 Rome, Italy" );; line 127446 (wfb::source-text telephone |Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO)| "[39] (6) 52251 FAX [39] (6) 5225 3152, 5225 5155, 578 2610" );; line 127448 (wfb::source-text established |Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO)| "16 October 1945" );; line 127450 (wfb::source-text aim |Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO)| "to raise living standards and increase availability of agricultural products, as a UN specialized agency" );; line 127452 (wfb::source-text members |Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO)| "(170) Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria, Angola, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Armenia, Australia, Austria, The Bahamas, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belgium, Belize, Benin, Bhutan, Bolivia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Botswana, Brazil, Brunei, Bulgaria, Burkina, Burma, Burundi, Cambodia, Cameroon, Canada, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Chile, China, Colombia, Comoros, Congo, Costa Rica, Cote d'Ivoire, Croatia, Cuba, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Djibouti, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Estonia, Ethiopia, EU, Fiji, Finland, France, Gabon, The Gambia, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Grenada, Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Hungary, Iceland, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Kenya, North Korea, South Korea, Kuwait, Kyrgyzstan, Laos, Latvia, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, Lithuania, Luxembourg, The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Malta, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Mongolia, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Nepal, Netherlands, NZ, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Norway, Oman, Pakistan, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Qatar, Romania, Rwanda, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Sao Tome and Principe, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Slovakia, Slovenia, Solomon Islands, Somalia, South Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Swaziland, Sweden, Switzerland, Syria, Tanzania, Thailand, Togo, Tonga, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Uganda, UAE, UK, US, Uruguay, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Vietnam, Western Samoa, Yemen, Yugoslavia (suspended), Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe" );; line 127455 (wfb::source-text associate_member |Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO)| "(1) Puerto Rico" );; line 127479 (wfb::source-text address |Franc Zone (FZ)| "Direction Generale des Service Etrangers (Service de la Zone Franc), Banque de France, 39 rue Crois-des-Petits-Champs, BP 140-01, Paris Cedex 01, France" );; line 127507 (wfb::source-text telephone |Franc Zone (FZ)| "[33] (1) 42 92 31 26" );; line 127511 (wfb::source-text fax |Franc Zone (FZ)| "[33] (1) 42 92 39 88" );; line 127513 (wfb::source-text established |Franc Zone (FZ)| "20 December 1945" );; line 127515 (wfb::source-text aim |Franc Zone (FZ)| "to form a monetary union among countries whose currencies are linked to the French franc" );; line 127517 (wfb::source-text members |Franc Zone (FZ)| "(15) Benin, Burkina, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Comoros, Congo, Cote d'Ivoire, Equatorial Guinea, France, Gabon, Mali, Niger, Senegal, Togo; note - France includes metropolitan France, the four overseas departments of France (French Guiana, Guadeloupe, Martinique, Reunion), the two territorial collectivities of France (Mayotte, Saint Pierre and Miquelon), and the three overseas territories of France (French Polynesia, New Caledonia, Wallis and Futuna)" );; line 127520 (wfb::source-text note |General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT)| "was subsumed by the World Trade Organization (WTrO) on 1 January 1995" );; line 127538 (wfb::source-text address |General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT)| "rue de Lausanne 154, CH-1211 Geneva 21, Switzerland" );; line 127541 (wfb::source-text telephone |General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT)| "[41] (22) 739 51 11" );; line 127543 (wfb::source-text fax |General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT)| "[41] (22) 731 42 06" );; line 127545 (wfb::source-text established |General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT)| "30 October 1947" );; line 127547 (wfb::source-text effective |General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT)| "1 January 1948" );; line 127549 (wfb::source-text aim |General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT)| "to promote the expansion of international trade on a nondiscriminatory basis" );; line 127551 (wfb::source-text members |General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT)| "(123) Angola, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Australia, Austria, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belgium, Belize, Benin, Bolivia, Botswana, Brazil, Brunei, Burkina, Burma, Burundi, Cameroon, Canada, Central African Republic, Chad, Chile, Colombia, Congo, Costa Rica, Cote d'Ivoire, Cuba, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Egypt, El Salvador, Fiji, Finland, France, Gabon, The Gambia, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Grenada, Guatemala, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Hong Kong, Hungary, Iceland, India, Indonesia, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Kenya, South Korea, Kuwait, Lesotho, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, Macau, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Malta, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Netherlands, NZ, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Norway, Pakistan, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Qatar, Romania, Rwanda, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Slovakia, South Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka, Suriname, Swaziland, Sweden, Switzerland, Tanzania, Thailand, Togo, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Uganda, UAE, UK, US, Uruguay, Venezuela, Yugoslavia (suspended), Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe" );; line 127554 (wfb::source-text established |Group of 2 (G-2)| "informal term that came into use about 1986" );; line 127576 (wfb::source-text aim |Group of 2 (G-2)| "to facilitate bilateral economic cooperation between the two most powerful economic giants" );; line 127578 (wfb::source-text members |Group of 2 (G-2)| "(2) Japan, US" );; line 127581 (wfb::source-text established |Group of 3 (G-3)| "NA October 1990" );; line 127587 (wfb::source-text aim |Group of 3 (G-3)| "mechanism for policy coordination" );; line 127589 (wfb::source-text members |Group of 3 (G-3)| "(3) Colombia, Mexico, Venezuela" );; line 127591 (wfb::source-text established |Group of 5 (G-5)| "22 September 1985" );; line 127597 (wfb::source-text aim |Group of 5 (G-5)| "to coordinate the economic policies of the five major non-Communist economic powers" );; line 127599 (wfb::source-text members |Group of 5 (G-5)| "(5) France, Germany, Japan, UK, US" );; line 127602 (wfb::source-text note |Group of 6 (G-6)| "also known as Groupe des Six Sur le Desarmement not to be confused with the Big Six" );; line 127608 (wfb::source-text established |Group of 6 (G-6)| "22 May 1984" );; line 127611 (wfb::source-text aim |Group of 6 (G-6)| "to achieve nuclear disarmament" );; line 127613 (wfb::source-text members |Group of 6 (G-6)| "(6) Argentina, Greece, India, Mexico, Sweden, Tanzania" );; line 127615 (wfb::source-text note |Group of 7 (G-7)| "membership is the same as the Big Seven" );; line 127621 (wfb::source-text established |Group of 7 (G-7)| "22 September 1985" );; line 127623 (wfb::source-text aim |Group of 7 (G-7)| "to facilitate economic cooperation among the seven major non- Communist economic powers" );; line 127625 (wfb::source-text members |Group of 7 (G-7)| "(7) Group of 5 (France, Germany, Japan, UK, US) plus Canada and Italy" );; line 127628 (wfb::source-text established |Group of 8 (G-8)| "NA October 1975" );; line 127635 (wfb::source-text aim |Group of 8 (G-8)| "to facilitate economic cooperation among the developed countries (DCs) that participated in the Conference on International Economic Cooperation (CIEC), held in several sessions between NA December 1975 and 3 June 1977" );; line 127637 (wfb::source-text members |Group of 8 (G-8)| "(8) Australia, Canada, EU (as one member), Japan, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, US" );; line 127642 (wfb::source-text established |Group of 9 (G-9)| "NA" );; line 127649 (wfb::source-text aim |Group of 9 (G-9)| "to discuss matters of mutual interest on an informal basis" );; line 127651 (wfb::source-text members |Group of 9 (G-9)| "(9) Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Denmark, Finland, Hungary, Romania, Sweden, Yugoslavia" );; line 127653 (wfb::source-text note |Group of 10 (G-10)| "also known as the Paris Club; includes the wealthiest members of the IMF who provide most of the money to be loaned and act as the informal steering committee; name persists in spite of the addition of Switzerland on NA April 1984" );; line 127660 (wfb::source-text address |Group of 10 (G-10)| "c/o IMF Office in Europe, 64-66 ave d’Iena, F-75116 Paris, France" );; line 127665 (wfb::source-text telephone |Group of 10 (G-10)| "[33] (1) 40 69 30 80" );; line 127668 (wfb::source-text fax |Group of 10 (G-10)| "[33] (1) 47 23 40 89" );; line 127670 (wfb::source-text established |Group of 10 (G-10)| "NA October 1962" );; line 127672 (wfb::source-text aim |Group of 10 (G-10)| "to coordinate credit policy" );; line 127674 (wfb::source-text members |Group of 10 (G-10)| "(11) Belgium, Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, Netherlands, Sweden, Switzerland, UK, US" );; line 127676 (wfb::source-text nonstate_participants |Group of 10 (G-10)| "(4) BIS, EU, IMF, OECD" );; line 127679 (wfb::source-text note |Group of 11 (G-11)| "also known as the Cartagena Group" );; line 127685 (wfb::source-text established |Group of 11 (G-11)| "22 June 1984, in Cartagena, Colombia" );; line 127687 (wfb::source-text aim |Group of 11 (G-11)| "to provide a forum for largest debtor nations in Latin America" );; line 127689 (wfb::source-text members |Group of 11 (G-11)| "(11) Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Mexico, Peru, Uruguay, Venezuela" );; line 127691 (wfb::source-text note |Group of 15 (G-15)| "byproduct of the Non-Aligned Movement" );; line 127698 (wfb::source-text address |Group of 15 (G-15)| "Technical Support Facility, Ch du Champ d’Ancier 17, Case postale 326, CH-1211 Geneva 19, Switzerland" );; line 127700 (wfb::source-text telephone |Group of 15 (G-15)| "[41] (22) 798 42 10" );; line 127703 (wfb::source-text fax |Group of 15 (G-15)| "[41] (22) 798 38 49" );; line 127705 (wfb::source-text established |Group of 15 (G-15)| "September 1989" );; line 127707 (wfb::source-text aim |Group of 15 (G-15)| "to promote economic cooperation among developing nations; to act as the main political organ for the Non-Aligned Movement" );; line 127709 (wfb::source-text members |Group of 15 (G-15)| "(15) Algeria, Argentina, Brazil, Egypt, India, Indonesia, Jamaica, Malaysia, Mexico, Nigeria, Peru, Senegal, Venezuela, Yugoslavia, Zimbabwe" );; line 127712 (wfb::source-text established |Group of 19 (G-19)| "NA October 1975" );; line 127719 (wfb::source-text aim |Group of 19 (G-19)| "to represent the interests of the less developed countries (LDCs) that participated in the Conference on International Economic Cooperation (CIEC) held in several sessions between NA December 1975 and 3 June 1977" );; line 127721 (wfb::source-text members |Group of 19 (G-19)| "(19) Algeria, Argentina, Brazil, Cameroon, Egypt, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Jamaica, Mexico, Nigeria, Pakistan, Peru, Saudi Arabia, Venezuela, Yugoslavia, Zaire, Zambia" );; line 127725 (wfb::source-text address |Group of 24 (G-24)| "c/o European Commission, DGI, G-24 Coordination Unit, Rue de la Science 29, B-1049 Brussels, Belgium" );; line 127733 (wfb::source-text telephone |Group of 24 (G-24)| "[32] (2) 299 22 44" );; line 127736 (wfb::source-text fax |Group of 24 (G-24)| "[32] (2) 299 06 02" );; line 127738 (wfb::source-text established |Group of 24 (G-24)| "NA January 1972" );; line 127740 (wfb::source-text aim |Group of 24 (G-24)| "to promote the interests of developing countries in Africa, Asia, and Latin America within the IMF" );; line 127742 (wfb::source-text members |Group of 24 (G-24)| "(24) Algeria, Argentina, Brazil, Colombia, Cote d'Ivoire, Egypt, Ethiopia, Gabon, Ghana, Guatemala, India, Iran, Lebanon, Mexico, Nigeria, Pakistan, Peru, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Syria, Trinidad and Tobago, Venezuela, Yugoslavia, Zaire" );; line 127745 (wfb::source-text address |Group of 30 (G-30)| "1990 M Street NW, Suite 450, Washington, DC 20036, USA" );; line 127754 (wfb::source-text telephone |Group of 30 (G-30)| "[1] (202) 331 2472" );; line 127756 (wfb::source-text established |Group of 30 (G-30)| "NA 1979" );; line 127758 (wfb::source-text aim |Group of 30 (G-30)| "to discuss and propose solutions to the world's economic problems" );; line 127760 (wfb::source-text members |Group of 30 (G-30)| "(30) informal group of 30 leading international bankers, economists, financial experts, and businessmen organized by Johannes Witteveen (former managing director of the IMF)" );; line 127762 (wfb::source-text established |Group of 33 (G-33)| "NA 1987" );; line 127770 (wfb::source-text aim |Group of 33 (G-33)| "to promote solutions to international economic problems" );; line 127772 (wfb::source-text members |Group of 33 (G-33)| "(33) leading economists from 13 countries" );; line 127774 (wfb::source-text established |Group of 77 (G-77)| "NA October 1967" );; line 127780 (wfb::source-text aim |Group of 77 (G-77)| "to promote economic cooperation among developing countries; name persists in spite of increased membership" );; line 127782 (wfb::source-text members |Group of 77 (G-77)| "(127 plus the Palestine Liberation Organization) Afghanistan, Algeria, Angola, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, The Bahamas, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belize, Benin, Bhutan, Bolivia, Botswana, Brazil, Brunei, Burkina, Burma, Burundi, Cambodia, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Chile, Colombia, Comoros, Congo, Costa Rica, Cote d'Ivoire, Cuba, Cyprus, Djibouti, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Ethiopia, Fiji, Gabon, The Gambia, Ghana, Grenada, Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Jamaica, Jordan, Kenya, North Korea, South Korea, Kuwait, Laos, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Malta, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Mongolia, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Nepal, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Oman, Pakistan, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Qatar, Romania, Rwanda, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Sao Tome and Principe, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Solomon Islands, Somalia, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Swaziland, Syria, Tanzania, Thailand, Togo, Tonga, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Uganda, UAE, Uruguay, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Vietnam, Western Samoa, Yemen, Yugoslavia, Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe, Palestine Liberation Organization" );; line 127785 (wfb::source-text note |Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC)| "also known as the Cooperation Council for the Arab States of the Gulf" );; line 127808 (wfb::source-text address |Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC)| "P.O. Box 7431, Riyadh 11462 Saudi Arabia" );; line 127811 (wfb::source-text telephone |Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC)| "[966] (1) 4827777" );; line 127813 (wfb::source-text fax |Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC)| "[966] (1) 4829089" );; line 127815 (wfb::source-text established |Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC)| "25 May 1981" );; line 127817 (wfb::source-text aim |Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC)| "to promote regional cooperation in economic, social, political, and military affairs" );; line 127819 (wfb::source-text members |Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC)| "(6) Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, UAE" );; line 127822 (wfb::source-text see habitat "Commission on Human Settlements" );; line 127828 (wfb::source-text see hexagonal_group "Central European Initiative (CEI)" );; line 127834 (wfb::source-text note |Inter-American Development Bank (IADB)| "also known as Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo (BID)" );; line 127850 (wfb::source-text address |Inter-American Development Bank (IADB)| "1300 New York Avenue NW, Washington, DC 10577, USA" );; line 127852 (wfb::source-text telephone |Inter-American Development Bank (IADB)| "[1] (202) 632 1000" );; line 127854 (wfb::source-text fax |Inter-American Development Bank (IADB)| "[1] (202) 789 2835" );; line 127856 (wfb::source-text established |Inter-American Development Bank (IADB)| "8 April 1959" );; line 127858 (wfb::source-text effective |Inter-American Development Bank (IADB)| "30 December 1959" );; line 127860 (wfb::source-text aim |Inter-American Development Bank (IADB)| "to promote economic and social development in Latin America" );; line 127862 (wfb::source-text members |Inter-American Development Bank (IADB)| "(46) Argentina, Austria, The Bahamas, Barbados, Belgium, Belize, Bolivia, Brazil, Canada, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Croatia, Denmark, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Finland, France, Germany, Guatemala, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Mexico, Netherlands, Nicaragua, Norway, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Portugal, Slovenia, Spain, Suriname, Sweden, Switzerland, Trinidad and Tobago, UK, US, Uruguay, Venezuela" );; line 127864 (wfb::source-text address |Inter-Governmental Authority on Drought and Development (IGADD)| "BP 2653, Djibouti, Djibouti" );; line 127875 (wfb::source-text telephone |Inter-Governmental Authority on Drought and Development (IGADD)| "[253] 354050, 352880" );; line 127877 (wfb::source-text fax |Inter-Governmental Authority on Drought and Development (IGADD)| "[253] 356994" );; line 127879 (wfb::source-text established |Inter-Governmental Authority on Drought and Development (IGADD)| "15-16 January 1986" );; line 127881 (wfb::source-text aim |Inter-Governmental Authority on Drought and Development (IGADD)| "to promote cooperation on drought-related matters" );; line 127883 (wfb::source-text members |Inter-Governmental Authority on Drought and Development (IGADD)| "(7) Djibouti, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Kenya, Somalia, Sudan, Uganda" );; line 127885 (wfb::source-text address |International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA)| "Wagramerstrasse 5, P.O. Box 100, A-1400 Vienna, Austria" );; line 127891 (wfb::source-text telephone |International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA)| "[43] (1) 2360 2045 FAX [43] (1) 234564" );; line 127893 (wfb::source-text established |International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA)| "26 October 1956" );; line 127895 (wfb::source-text effective |International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA)| "29 July 1957" );; line 127897 (wfb::source-text aim |International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA)| "to promote peaceful uses of atomic energy" );; line 127899 (wfb::source-text members |International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA)| "(121) Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria, Argentina, Armenia, Australia, Austria, Bangladesh, Belarus, Belgium, Bolivia, Brazil, Bulgaria, Burma, Cambodia, Cameroon, Canada, Chile, China, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cote d'Ivoire, Croatia, Cuba, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Estonia, Ethiopia, Finland, France, Gabon, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Guatemala, Haiti, Holy See, Hungary, Iceland, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kenya, South Korea, Kuwait, Lebanon, Liberia, Libya, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Madagascar, Malaysia, Mali, Marshall Islands, Mauritius, Mexico, Monaco, Mongolia, Morocco, Namibia, Netherlands, NZ, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Norway, Pakistan, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Qatar, Romania, Russia, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Slovakia, Slovenia, South Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Sweden, Switzerland, Syria, Tanzania, Thailand, Tunisia, Turkey, Uganda, Ukraine, UAE, UK, US, Uruguay, Uzbekistan, Venezuela, Vietnam, Yugoslavia (suspended), Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe" );; line 127901 (wfb::source-text note |International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD)| "also known as the World Bank" );; line 127929 (wfb::source-text address |International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD)| "1818 H Street NW, Washington, DC 20433, USA" );; line 127931 (wfb::source-text telephone |International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD)| "[1] (202) 477 1234" );; line 127933 (wfb::source-text fax |International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD)| "[1] (202) 477 6391" );; line 127935 (wfb::source-text established |International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD)| "22 July 1944" );; line 127937 (wfb::source-text effective |International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD)| "27 December 1945" );; line 127939 (wfb::source-text aim |International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD)| "to provide economic development loans; a UN specialized agency" );; line 127941 (wfb::source-text members |International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD)| "(178) Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria, Angola, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Armenia, Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan, The Bahamas, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belarus, Belgium, Belize, Benin, Bhutan, Bolivia, Botswana, Brazil, Bulgaria, Burkina, Burma, Burundi, Cambodia, Cameroon, Canada, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Chile, China, Colombia, Comoros, Congo, Costa Rica, Cote d'Ivoire, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Djibouti, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Estonia, Ethiopia, Fiji, Finland, France, Gabon, The Gambia, Georgia, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Grenada, Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Hungary, Iceland, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kenya, Kiribati, South Korea, Kuwait, Kyrgyzstan, Laos, Latvia, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, Lithuania, Luxembourg, The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Malta, Marshall Islands, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Federated States of Micronesia, Moldova, Mongolia, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Nepal, Netherlands, NZ, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Norway, Oman, Pakistan, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Qatar, Romania, Russia, Rwanda, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Sao Tome and Principe, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Slovakia, Slovenia, Solomon Islands, Somalia, South Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Swaziland, Sweden, Switzerland, Syria, Tajikistan, Tanzania, Thailand, Togo, Tonga, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Uganda, Ukraine, UAE, UK, US, Uruguay, Uzbekistan, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Vietnam, Western Samoa, Yemen, Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe" );; line 127943 (wfb::source-text address |International Chamber of Commerce (ICC)| "38 Cours Albert 1st, F-75008 Paris, France" );; line 127973 (wfb::source-text telephone |International Chamber of Commerce (ICC)| "[33] (1) 49 53 28 75" );; line 127975 (wfb::source-text fax |International Chamber of Commerce (ICC)| "[33] (1) 49 53 29 42" );; line 127977 (wfb::source-text established |International Chamber of Commerce (ICC)| "NA 1919" );; line 127979 (wfb::source-text aim |International Chamber of Commerce (ICC)| "to promote free trade and private enterprise and to represent business interests at national and international levels" );; line 127981 (wfb::source-text members |International Chamber of Commerce (ICC)| "(59 national councils) Argentina, Australia, Austria, Belgium, Brazil, Burkina, Cameroon, Canada, Colombia, Cote d'Ivoire, Cyprus, Denmark, Ecuador, Egypt, Finland, France, Gabon, Germany, Greece, Iceland, India, Indonesia, Iran, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Japan, Jordan, South Korea, Kuwait, Lebanon, Luxembourg, Madagascar, Mexico, Morocco, Netherlands, Nigeria, Norway, Pakistan, Portugal, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Singapore, South Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sweden, Switzerland, Syria, Taiwan, Togo, Tunisia, Turkey, UK, US, Uruguay, Venezuela, Yugoslavia, Zaire" );; line 127984 (wfb::source-text address |International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO)| "1000 Sherbrooke Street West, Suite 327, Montreal PQ H3A 2R2, Canada" );; line 127997 (wfb::source-text telephone |International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO)| "[1] (514) 285 8219" );; line 128000 (wfb::source-text fax |International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO)| "[1] (514) 288 4772" );; line 128002 (wfb::source-text established |International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO)| "7 December 1944" );; line 128004 (wfb::source-text effective |International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO)| "4 April 1947" );; line 128006 (wfb::source-text aim |International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO)| "to promote international cooperation in civil aviation; a UN specialized agency" );; line 128008 (wfb::source-text members |International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO)| "(183) Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria, Angola, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Armenia, Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan, The Bahamas, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belarus, Belgium, Belize, Benin, Bhutan, Bolivia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Botswana, Brazil, Brunei, Bulgaria, Burkina, Burma, Burundi, Cambodia, Cameroon, Canada, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Chile, China, Colombia, Comoros, Congo, Cook Islands, Costa Rica, Cote d'Ivoire, Croatia, Cuba, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Djibouti, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Estonia, Ethiopia, Fiji, Finland, France, Gabon, The Gambia, Georgia, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Grenada, Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Hungary, Iceland, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kenya, Kiribati, North Korea, South Korea, Kuwait, Kyrgyzstan, Laos, Latvia, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, Lithuania, Luxembourg, The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Malta, Marshall Islands, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Federated States of Micronesia, Moldova, Monaco, Mongolia, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Nauru, Nepal, Netherlands, NZ, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Norway, Oman, Pakistan, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Qatar, Romania, Russia, Rwanda, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, San Marino, Sao Tome and Principe, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Slovakia, Slovenia, Solomon Islands, Somalia, South Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Swaziland, Sweden, Switzerland, Syria, Tajikistan, Tanzania, Thailand, Togo, Tonga, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Uganda, Ukraine, UAE, UK, US, Uruguay, Uzbekistan, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Vietnam, Yemen, Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe" );; line 128011 (wfb::source-text address |International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC)| "ICRC, 19 av de la Paix, CH-1202 Geneva, Switzerland" );; line 128041 (wfb::source-text telephone |International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC)| "[41] (22) 734 60 01" );; line 128043 (wfb::source-text fax |International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC)| "[41] (22) 733 82 80" );; line 128045 (wfb::source-text established |International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC)| "NA 1863" );; line 128047 (wfb::source-text aim |International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC)| "to provide humanitarian aid in wartime" );; line 128049 (wfb::source-text members |International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC)| "(25 individuals) all Swiss nationals" );; line 128051 (wfb::source-text address |International Confederation of Free Trade Unions (ICFTU)| "International Trade Union House, Bd Emile Jacqmain 155, B-1210 Brussels, Belgium" );; line 128057 (wfb::source-text telephone |International Confederation of Free Trade Unions (ICFTU)| "[32] (2) 224 02 11" );; line 128060 (wfb::source-text fax |International Confederation of Free Trade Unions (ICFTU)| "[32] (2) 218 84 15, 219 75 03" );; line 128062 (wfb::source-text established |International Confederation of Free Trade Unions (ICFTU)| "NA December 1949" );; line 128064 (wfb::source-text aim |International Confederation of Free Trade Unions (ICFTU)| "to promote the trade union movement" );; line 128066 (wfb::source-text members |International Confederation of Free Trade Unions (ICFTU)| "(164 national organizations in the following 118 areas) Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Australia, Austria, The Bahamas, Bangladesh, Barbados, Basque Country, Belgium, Belize, Benin, Bermuda, Botswana, Brazil, Bulgaria, Burkina, Cameroon, Canada, Cape Verde, Chad, Chile, China, Colombia, Cook Islands, Costa Rica, Curacao, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Estonia, Falkland Islands, Fiji, Finland, France, French Polynesia, Gabon, The Gambia, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Grenada, Guatemala, Guyana, Holy See, Honduras, Hong Kong, Iceland, India, Indonesia, Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Kenya, Kiribati, South Korea, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, Luxembourg, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Mali, Malta, Mauritius, Mexico, Montserrat, Morocco, Netherlands, New Caledonia, NZ, Nicaragua, Norway, Pakistan, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Puerto Rico, Romania, Rwanda, Saint Helena, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, San Marino, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Slovakia, Spain, Sri Lanka, Suriname, Swaziland, Sweden, Switzerland, Thailand, Togo, Tonga, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Uganda, UK, US, Venezuela, Western Samoa, Zambia, Zimbabwe" );; line 128068 (wfb::source-text note |International Court of Justice (ICJ)| "also known as the World Court" );; line 128090 (wfb::source-text address |International Court of Justice (ICJ)| "Peace Palace, NL-2517 KJ The Hague, Netherlands" );; line 128092 (wfb::source-text telephone |International Court of Justice (ICJ)| "[31] (70) 302 23 23" );; line 128094 (wfb::source-text fax |International Court of Justice (ICJ)| "[31] (70) 364 99 28" );; line 128096 (wfb::source-text established |International Court of Justice (ICJ)| "26 June 1945" );; line 128098 (wfb::source-text effective |International Court of Justice (ICJ)| "24 October 1945" );; line 128100 (wfb::source-text aim |International Court of Justice (ICJ)| "primary judicial organ of the UN" );; line 128102 (wfb::source-text members |International Court of Justice (ICJ)| "(15 judges) elected by the UN General Assembly and Security Council to represent all principal legal systems" );; line 128104 (wfb::source-text address |International Criminal Police Organization (INTERPOL)| "BP 6041, F-69411 Lyon CEDEX 06, France" );; line 128111 (wfb::source-text telephone |International Criminal Police Organization (INTERPOL)| "[33] 71 44 70 00" );; line 128113 (wfb::source-text fax |International Criminal Police Organization (INTERPOL)| "[33] 72 44 71 63" );; line 128115 (wfb::source-text established |International Criminal Police Organization (INTERPOL)| "13 June 1956" );; line 128117 (wfb::source-text aim |International Criminal Police Organization (INTERPOL)| "to promote international cooperation among police authorities in fighting crime" );; line 128119 (wfb::source-text members |International Criminal Police Organization (INTERPOL)| "(176) Albania, Algeria, Andorra, Angola, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Armenia, Aruba, Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan, The Bahamas, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belarus, Belgium, Belize, Benin, Bolivia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Botswana, Brazil, Brunei, Bulgaria, Burkina, Burma, Burundi, Cambodia, Cameroon, Canada, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Chile, China, Colombia, Congo, Costa Rica, Cote d'Ivoire, Croatia, Cuba, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Djibouti, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Estonia, Ethiopia, Fiji, Finland, France, Gabon, The Gambia, Georgia, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Grenada, Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Hungary, Iceland, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kenya, Kiribati, South Korea, Kuwait, Laos, Latvia, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Malta, Marshall Islands, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Moldova, Monaco, Mongolia, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Nauru, Nepal, Netherlands, Netherlands Antilles, NZ, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Norway, Oman, Pakistan, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Qatar, Romania, Russia, Rwanda, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Sao Tome and Principe, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Slovakia, Slovenia, Somalia, South Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Swaziland, Sweden, Switzerland, Syria, Tanzania, Thailand, Togo, Tonga, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Uganda, Ukraine, UAE, UK, US, Uruguay, Uzbekistan, Venezuela, Vietnam, Yemen, Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe" );; line 128122 (wfb::source-text subbureaus |International Criminal Police Organization (INTERPOL)| "(13) American Samoa, Anguilla, Bermuda, British Virgin Islands, Cayman Islands, Gibraltar, Guam, Hong Kong, Macau, Montserrat, Northern Mariana Islands, Puerto Rico, Turks and Caicos Islands" );; line 128147 (wfb::source-text address |International Development Association (IDA)| "1818 H Street NW, Washington, DC 20433, USA" );; line 128155 (wfb::source-text telephone |International Development Association (IDA)| "[1] (202) 477 12 34" );; line 128157 (wfb::source-text established |International Development Association (IDA)| "26 January 1960" );; line 128159 (wfb::source-text effective |International Development Association (IDA)| "24 September 1960" );; line 128161 (wfb::source-text aim |International Development Association (IDA)| "UN specialized agency and IBRD affiliate that provides economic loans for low income countries" );; line 128163 (wfb::source-text members |International Development Association (IDA)| "(157)" );; line 128166 (wfb::source-text part_i |International Development Association (IDA)| "(24 more economically advanced countries) Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Kuwait, Luxembourg, Netherlands, NZ, Norway, Russia, South Africa, Sweden, Switzerland, UAE, UK, US" );; line 128168 (wfb::source-text part_ii |International Development Association (IDA)| "(133 less developed nations) Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria, Angola, Argentina, Armenia, Bangladesh, Belize, Benin, Bhutan, Bolivia, Botswana, Brazil, Burkina, Burma, Burundi, Cambodia, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Chile, China, Colombia, Comoros, Congo, Costa Rica, Cote d'Ivoire, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Djibouti, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Fiji, Gabon, The Gambia, Georgia, Ghana, Greece, Grenada, Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Hungary, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kenya, Kiribati, South Korea, Kyrgyzstan, Laos, Latvia, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Marshall Islands, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Federated States of Micronesia, Moldova, Mongolia, Morocco, Mozambique, Nepal, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Oman, Pakistan, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Rwanda, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Sao Tome and Principe, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Slovakia, Slovenia, Solomon Islands, Somalia, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Swaziland, Syria, Tajikistan, Tanzania, Thailand, Togo, Tonga, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Uganda, Uzbekistan, Vanuatu, Vietnam, Western Samoa, Yemen, Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe" );; line 128173 (wfb::source-text address |International Energy Agency (IEA)| "2 rue Andre Pascal, F-75775 Paris CEDEX 16, France" );; line 128197 (wfb::source-text telephone |International Energy Agency (IEA)| "[33] (1) 45 24 82 00" );; line 128199 (wfb::source-text fax |International Energy Agency (IEA)| "[33] (1) 45 24 99 88" );; line 128201 (wfb::source-text established |International Energy Agency (IEA)| "15 November 1974" );; line 128203 (wfb::source-text aim |International Energy Agency (IEA)| "to promote cooperation on energy matters, especially emergency oil sharing and relations between oil consumers and oil producers; established by the OECD" );; line 128205 (wfb::source-text members |International Energy Agency (IEA)| "(23) Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Luxembourg, Netherlands, NZ, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, UK, US" );; line 128209 (wfb::source-text note |International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRCS)| "formerly known as League of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (LORCS)" );; line 128218 (wfb::source-text established |International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRCS)| "5 May 1919" );; line 128221 (wfb::source-text aim |International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRCS)| "to provide humanitarian aid in peacetime" );; line 128223 (wfb::source-text members |International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRCS)| "(151) Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria, Angola, Argentina, Australia, Austria, The Bahamas, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belgium, Belize, Benin, Bolivia, Botswana, Brazil, Bulgaria, Burkina, Burma, Burundi, Cambodia, Cameroon, Canada, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Chile, China, Colombia, Congo, Costa Rica, Cote d'Ivoire, Cuba, Czech Republic, Denmark, Djibouti, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Ethiopia, Fiji, Finland, France, The Gambia, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Grenada, Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Hungary, Iceland, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Ireland, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Kenya, North Korea, South Korea, Kuwait, Laos, Latvia, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Mali, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Monaco, Mongolia, Morocco, Mozambique, Nepal, Netherlands, NZ, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Norway, Pakistan, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Qatar, Romania, Russia, Rwanda, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, San Marino, Sao Tome and Principe, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Slovakia, Solomon Islands, Somalia, South Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Swaziland, Sweden, Switzerland, Syria, Tanzania, Thailand, Togo, Tonga, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Uganda, UAE, UK, US, Uruguay, Venezuela, Vietnam, Western Samoa, Yemen, Yugoslavia, Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe" );; line 128225 (wfb::source-text associate_members |International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRCS)| "(13) Andorra, Antigua and Barbuda, Comoros, Cyprus, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Kiribati, Namibia, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Seychelles, Suriname, Tuvalu, Vanuatu" );; line 128246 (wfb::source-text address |International Finance Corporation (IFC)| "1818 H Street NW, Washington, DC 20433, USA" );; line 128254 (wfb::source-text telephone |International Finance Corporation (IFC)| "[1] (202) 477 1234" );; line 128256 (wfb::source-text fax |International Finance Corporation (IFC)| "[1] (202) 477 6391" );; line 128258 (wfb::source-text established |International Finance Corporation (IFC)| "25 May 1955" );; line 128260 (wfb::source-text effective |International Finance Corporation (IFC)| "20 July 1956" );; line 128262 (wfb::source-text aim |International Finance Corporation (IFC)| "to support private enterprise in international economic development; a UN specialized agency and IBRD affiliate" );; line 128264 (wfb::source-text members |International Finance Corporation (IFC)| "(161) Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria, Angola, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Australia, Austria, The Bahamas, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belarus, Belgium, Belize, Benin, Bolivia, Botswana, Brazil, Bulgaria, Burkina, Burma, Burundi, Cameroon, Canada, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chile, China, Colombia, Comoros, Congo, Costa Rica, Cote d'Ivoire, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Djibouti, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Estonia, Ethiopia, Fiji, Finland, France, Gabon, The Gambia, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Grenada, Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Hungary, Iceland, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kenya, Kiribati, South Korea, Kuwait, Kyrgyzstan, Laos, Latvia, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, Lithuania, Luxembourg, The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Marshall Islands, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Federated States of Micronesia, Mongolia, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Nepal, Netherlands, NZ, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Norway, Oman, Pakistan, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Rwanda, Saint Lucia, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Slovakia, Slovenia, Solomon Islands, Somalia, South Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Swaziland, Sweden, Switzerland, Syria, Tanzania, Thailand, Togo, Tonga, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Uganda, Ukraine, UAE, UK, US, Uruguay, Uzbekistan, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Vietnam, Western Samoa, Yemen, Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe" );; line 128267 (wfb::source-text address |International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD)| "Via del Serafico 107, I-00142 Rome, Italy" );; line 128294 (wfb::source-text telephone |International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD)| "[39] (6) 54591" );; line 128296 (wfb::source-text fax |International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD)| "[39] (6) 5043463" );; line 128298 (wfb::source-text established |International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD)| "NA November 1974" );; line 128300 (wfb::source-text aim |International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD)| "to promote agricultural development; a UN specialized agency" );; line 128302 (wfb::source-text members |International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD)| "(157)" );; line 128304 (wfb::source-text category_i |International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD)| "(21 industrialized aid contributors) Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Luxembourg, Netherlands, NZ, Norway, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, UK, US" );; line 128306 (wfb::source-text category_ii |International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD)| "(12 petroleum-exporting aid contributors) Algeria, Gabon, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Libya, Nigeria, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, UAE, Venezuela" );; line 128310 (wfb::source-text category_iii |International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD)| "(124 aid recipients) Afghanistan, Albania, Angola, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belize, Benin, Bhutan, Bolivia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Botswana, Brazil, Burkina, Burma, Burundi, Cambodia, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Chile, China, Colombia, Comoros, Congo, Cook Islands, Costa Rica, Cote d'Ivoire, Croatia, Cuba, Cyprus, Djibouti, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Fiji, The Gambia, Ghana, Grenada, Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea- Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, India, Israel, Jamaica, Jordan, Kenya, North Korea, South Korea, Kyrgyzstan, Laos, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Malta, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Mongolia, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Nepal, Nicaragua, Niger, Oman, Pakistan, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Portugal, Romania, Rwanda, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Sao Tome and Principe, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Solomon Islands, Somalia, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Swaziland, Syria, Tajikistan, Tanzania, Thailand, Togo, Tonga, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Uganda, Uruguay, Vietnam, Western Samoa, Yemen, Yugoslavia (suspended), Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe" );; line 128314 (wfb::source-text address |International Labor Organization (ILO)| "International Labor Office, 4 route des Morillons, CH-1211 Geneva 22, Switzerland" );; line 128344 (wfb::source-text telephone |International Labor Organization (ILO)| "[41] (22) 799 61 11" );; line 128347 (wfb::source-text fax |International Labor Organization (ILO)| "[41] (22) 798 86 85" );; line 128349 (wfb::source-text established |International Labor Organization (ILO)| "11 April 1919 (affiliated with the UN 14 December 1946)" );; line 128351 (wfb::source-text aim |International Labor Organization (ILO)| "UN specialized agency concerned with world labor issues" );; line 128353 (wfb::source-text members |International Labor Organization (ILO)| "(171) Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria, Angola, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Armenia, Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan, The Bahamas, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belarus, Belgium, Belize, Benin, Bolivia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Botswana, Brazil, Bulgaria, Burkina, Burma, Burundi, Cambodia, Cameroon, Canada, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Chile, China, Colombia, Comoros, Congo, Costa Rica, Cote d'Ivoire, Croatia, Cuba, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Djibouti, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Estonia, Ethiopia, Fiji, Finland, France, Gabon, Georgia, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Grenada, Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Hungary, Iceland, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kenya, South Korea, Kuwait, Kyrgyzstan, Laos, Latvia, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, Lithuania, Luxembourg, The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Mali, Malta, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Moldova, Mongolia, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Nepal, Netherlands, NZ, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Norway, Oman, Pakistan, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Qatar, Romania, Russia, Rwanda, Saint Lucia, San Marino, Sao Tome and Principe, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Slovakia, Slovenia, Solomon Islands, Somalia, South Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Swaziland, Sweden, Switzerland, Syria, Tajikistan, Tanzania, Thailand, Togo, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Uganda, Ukraine, UAE, UK, US, Uruguay, Uzbekistan, Venezuela, Vietnam, Yemen, Yugoslavia (suspended), Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe" );; line 128355 (wfb::source-text note |International Maritime Organization (IMO)| "name changed from Intergovernmental Maritime Consultative Organization (IMCO) on 22 May 1982" );; line 128383 (wfb::source-text address |International Maritime Organization (IMO)| "4 Albert Embankment, London SE1 7SR, UK" );; line 128386 (wfb::source-text telephone |International Maritime Organization (IMO)| "[44] (71) 735 7611" );; line 128388 (wfb::source-text fax |International Maritime Organization (IMO)| "[44] (71) 587 3210" );; line 128390 (wfb::source-text established |International Maritime Organization (IMO)| "17 March 1958" );; line 128392 (wfb::source-text aim |International Maritime Organization (IMO)| "to deal with international maritime affairs; a UN specialized agency" );; line 128394 (wfb::source-text members |International Maritime Organization (IMO)| "(149) Albania, Algeria, Angola, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Australia, Austria, The Bahamas, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belgium, Belize, Benin, Bolivia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Brazil, Brunei, Bulgaria, Burma, Cambodia, Cameroon, Canada, Cape Verde, Chile, China, Colombia, Congo, Costa Rica, Cote d'Ivoire, Croatia, Cuba, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Djibouti, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Estonia, Ethiopia, Fiji, Finland, France, Gabon, The Gambia, Georgia, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Hungary, Iceland, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kenya, North Korea, South Korea, Kuwait, Latvia, Lebanon, Liberia, Libya, Luxembourg, The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives, Malta, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Monaco, Morocco, Mozambique, Nepal, Netherlands, NZ, Nicaragua, Nigeria, Norway, Oman, Pakistan, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Qatar, Romania, Russia, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Sao Tome and Principe, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Slovakia, Slovenia, Solomon Islands, Somalia, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Sweden, Switzerland, Syria, Tanzania, Thailand, Togo, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, UAE, UK, US, Uruguay, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Vietnam, Yemen, Yugoslavia (suspended), Zaire" );; line 128397 (wfb::source-text associate_members |International Maritime Organization (IMO)| "(2) Hong Kong, Macau" );; line 128418 (wfb::source-text address |International Maritime Satellite Organization (INMARSAT)| "99 City Road, London EC1Y 1AX, UK" );; line 128424 (wfb::source-text telephone |International Maritime Satellite Organization (INMARSAT)| "[44] (71) 728 1000" );; line 128426 (wfb::source-text fax |International Maritime Satellite Organization (INMARSAT)| "[44] (71) 728 1044" );; line 128428 (wfb::source-text established |International Maritime Satellite Organization (INMARSAT)| "3 September 1976" );; line 128430 (wfb::source-text effective |International Maritime Satellite Organization (INMARSAT)| "26 July 1979" );; line 128432 (wfb::source-text aim |International Maritime Satellite Organization (INMARSAT)| "to provide worldwide communications for maritime shipping and other applications" );; line 128434 (wfb::source-text members |International Maritime Satellite Organization (INMARSAT)| "(75) Algeria, Argentina, Australia, The Bahamas, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Belarus, Belgium, Brazil, Brunei, Bulgaria, Cameroon, Canada, Chile, China, Colombia, Croatia, Cuba, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Egypt, Finland, France, Gabon, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Iceland, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Italy, Japan, South Korea, Kuwait, Liberia, Malaysia, Malta, Mauritius, Mexico, Monaco, Mozambique, Netherlands, NZ, Nigeria, Norway, Oman, Pakistan, Panama, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Qatar, Romania, Russia, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Singapore, Slovakia, South Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sweden, Switzerland, Tunisia, Turkey, Ukraine, UAE, UK, US, Yugoslavia" );; line 128437 (wfb::source-text address |International Monetary Fund (IMF)| "700 19th Street NW, Washington, DC 20431, USA" );; line 128451 (wfb::source-text telephone |International Monetary Fund (IMF)| "[1] (202) 623 7000" );; line 128453 (wfb::source-text fax |International Monetary Fund (IMF)| "[1] (202) 623 4661, 623 7491, 623 4662" );; line 128455 (wfb::source-text established |International Monetary Fund (IMF)| "22 July 1944" );; line 128457 (wfb::source-text effective |International Monetary Fund (IMF)| "27 December 1945" );; line 128459 (wfb::source-text aim |International Monetary Fund (IMF)| "to promote world monetary stability and economic development; a UN specialized agency" );; line 128461 (wfb::source-text members |International Monetary Fund (IMF)| "(179) Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria, Angola, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Armenia, Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan, The Bahamas, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belarus, Belgium, Belize, Benin, Bhutan, Bolivia, Botswana, Brazil, Bulgaria, Burkina, Burma, Burundi, Cambodia, Cameroon, Canada, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Chile, China, Colombia, Comoros, Congo, Costa Rica, Cote d'Ivoire, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Djibouti, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Estonia, Ethiopia, Fiji, Finland, France, Gabon, The Gambia, Georgia, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Grenada, Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Hungary, Iceland, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kenya, Kiribati, South Korea, Kuwait, Kyrgyzstan, Laos, Latvia, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, Lithuania, Luxembourg, The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Malta, Marshall Islands, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Federated States of Micronesia, Moldova, Mongolia, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Nepal, Netherlands, NZ, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Norway, Oman, Pakistan, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Qatar, Romania, Russia, Rwanda, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, San Marino, Sao Tome and Principe, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Slovakia, Slovenia, Solomon Islands, Somalia, South Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Swaziland, Sweden, Switzerland, Syria, Tajikistan, Tanzania, Thailand, Togo, Tonga, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Uganda, Ukraine, UAE, UK, US, Uruguay, Uzbekistan, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Vietnam, Western Samoa, Yemen, Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe" );; line 128464 (wfb::source-text note |International Olympic Committee (IOC)| "there are 194 National Olympic Committees of which 185 are recognized by the International Olympic Committee" );; line 128494 (wfb::source-text address |International Olympic Committee (IOC)| "Chateau de Vidy, CH-1007 Lausanne, Switzerland" );; line 128497 (wfb::source-text telephone |International Olympic Committee (IOC)| "[41] (21) 621 61 11" );; line 128499 (wfb::source-text fax |International Olympic Committee (IOC)| "[41] (21) 621 62 16" );; line 128501 (wfb::source-text established |International Olympic Committee (IOC)| "23 June 1894" );; line 128503 (wfb::source-text aim |International Olympic Committee (IOC)| "to promote the Olympic ideals and administer the Olympic games: 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta, United States (20 July-4 August); 1998 Winter Olympics in Nagano, Japan (date NA); 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney, Australia (date NA)" );; line 128505 (wfb::source-text national_olympic_committees |International Olympic Committee (IOC)| "(193 and the Palestine Liberation Organization) Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria, American Samoa, Andorra, Angola, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Armenia, Aruba, Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan, The Bahamas, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belarus, Belgium, Belize, Benin, Bermuda, Bhutan, Bolivia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Botswana, Brazil, British Virgin Islands, Brunei, Bulgaria, Burkina, Burma, Burundi, Cameroon, Canada, Cape Verde, Cayman Islands, Central African Republic, Chad, Chile, China, Colombia, Comoros, Congo, Cook Islands, Costa Rica, Cote d'Ivoire, Croatia, Cuba, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Djibouti, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Estonia, Ethiopia, Fiji, Finland, France, Gabon, The Gambia, Georgia, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Grenada, Guam, Guatemala, Guinea, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Hong Kong, Hungary, Iceland, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Kazahkstan, Kenya, North Korea, South Korea, Kuwait, Kyrgyzstan, Laos, Latvia, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Malta, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Moldova, Monaco, Mongolia, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Nepal, Netherlands, Netherlands Antilles, NZ, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Norway, Oman, Pakistan, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Puerto Rico, Qatar, Romania, Russia, Rwanda, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, San Marino, Sao Tome and Principe, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Slovakia, Slovenia, Solomon Islands, Somalia, South Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Swaziland, Sweden, Switzerland, Syria, Taiwan, Tajikistan, Tanzania, Thailand, Togo, Tonga, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Uganda, Ukraine, UAE, UK, US, Uruguay, Uzbekistan, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Vietnam, Virgin Islands, Western Samoa, Yemen, Yugoslavia (Serbia and Montenegro), Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe, Palestine Liberation Organization ----- International Organization for Migration (IOM)" );; line 128510 (wfb::source-text note |International Olympic Committee (IOC)| "established as Provisional Intergovernmental Committee for the Movement of Migrants from Europe; renamed Intergovernmental Committee for European Migration (ICEM) on 15 November 1952; renamed Intergovernmental Committee for Migration (ICM) in November 1980; current name adopted 14 November 1989" );; line 128540 (wfb::source-text address |International Olympic Committee (IOC)| "17 route des Morillons, CP 71, CH-1211 Geneva 19, Switzerland" );; line 128546 (wfb::source-text telephone |International Olympic Committee (IOC)| "[41] (22) 717 91 11" );; line 128548 (wfb::source-text fax |International Olympic Committee (IOC)| "[41] (22) 798 61 50" );; line 128550 (wfb::source-text established |International Olympic Committee (IOC)| "5 December 1951" );; line 128552 (wfb::source-text aim |International Olympic Committee (IOC)| "to facilitate orderly international emigration and immigration" );; line 128554 (wfb::source-text members |International Olympic Committee (IOC)| "(52) Albania, Angola, Argentina, Armenia, Australia, Austria, Bangladesh, Belgium, Bolivia, Canada, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Croatia, Cyprus, Denmark, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Guatemala, Honduras, Hungary, Israel, Italy, Japan, Kenya, South Korea, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Nicaragua, Norway, Pakistan, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Sri Lanka, Sweden, Switzerland, Thailand, Uganda, US, Uruguay, Venezuela, Zambia" );; line 128556 (wfb::source-text observers |International Olympic Committee (IOC)| "(44) Belize, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Brazil, Bulgaria, Cape Verde, Czech Republic, Federation of Ethnic Communities' Council of Australia Inc., Georgia, Ghana, Guinea-Bissau, Holy See, India, Indonesia, Iran, Japan International Friendship and Welfare Foundation, Jordan, Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Mexico, Moldova, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, NZ, Niwano Peace Foundation, Partnership with the Children of the Third World, Presiding Bishop's Fund for World Relief/Episcopal Church, Refugee Council of Australia, Romania, Russia, San Marino, Sao Tome and Principe, Senegal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Somalia, Spain, Tajikistan, Turkey, Ukraine, UK, Vietnam, Yugoslavia, Zimbabwe" );; line 128564 (wfb::source-text address |International Organization for Standardization (ISO)| "CP 56, 1 rue de Varembe, CH-1211 Geneva 20, Switzerland" );; line 128578 (wfb::source-text telephone |International Organization for Standardization (ISO)| "[41] (22) 749 01 11" );; line 128580 (wfb::source-text fax |International Organization for Standardization (ISO)| "[41] (22) 733 34 30" );; line 128582 (wfb::source-text established |International Organization for Standardization (ISO)| "NA February 1947" );; line 128584 (wfb::source-text aim |International Organization for Standardization (ISO)| "to promote the development of international standards" );; line 128586 (wfb::source-text members |International Organization for Standardization (ISO)| "(76 national standards organizations) Albania, Algeria, Argentina, Australia, Austria, Bangladesh, Belarus, Belgium, Brazil, Bulgaria, Canada, Chile, China, Colombia, Croatia, Cuba, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Egypt, Ethiopia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, India, Indonesia, Iran, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Kenya, North Korea, South Korea, Libya, Malaysia, Mexico, Mongolia, Morocco, Netherlands, NZ, Norway, Pakistan, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, Slovakia, Slovenia, South Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sweden, Switzerland, Syria, Tanzania, Thailand, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Ukraine, UK, US, Uruguay, Uzbekistan, Venezuela, Vietnam, Yugoslavia, Zimbabwe" );; line 128588 (wfb::source-text correspondent_members |International Organization for Standardization (ISO)| "(19) Bahrain, Barbados, Brunei, Estonia, Hong Kong, Jordan, Kuwait, Lithuania, Malawi, Malta, Mauritius, Nepal, Oman, Papua New Guinea, Peru, Qatar, Turkmenistan, Uganda, UAE" );; line 128599 (wfb::source-text subscriber_members |International Organization for Standardization (ISO)| "(4) Antigua and Barbuda, Burundi, Grenada, Saint Lucia" );; line 128603 (wfb::source-text address |International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement (ICRM)| "CICR, 19 Av de la Paix, CH-1202 Geneva, Switzerland" );; line 128609 (wfb::source-text telephone |International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement (ICRM)| "[41] (22) 734 60 01" );; line 128611 (wfb::source-text fax |International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement (ICRM)| "[41] (22) 733 20 57" );; line 128613 (wfb::source-text established |International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement (ICRM)| "NA 1928" );; line 128615 (wfb::source-text aim |International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement (ICRM)| "to promote worldwide humanitarian aid through the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) in wartime, and International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRCS; formerly League of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies or LORCS) in peacetime" );; line 128617 (wfb::source-text national_societies |International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement (ICRM)| "(161 countries) Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria, Angola, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Australia, Austria, The Bahamas, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belgium, Belize, Benin, Bolivia, Botswana, Brazil, Bulgaria, Burkina, Burma, Burundi, Cambodia, Cameroon, Canada, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Chile, China, Colombia, Congo, Costa Rica, Cote d'Ivoire, Croatia, Cuba, Czech Republic, Denmark, Djibouti, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Estonia, Ethiopia, Fiji, Finland, France, Gambia, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Grenada, Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Hungary, Iceland, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Ireland, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Kenya, North Korea, South Korea, Kuwait, Laos, Latvia, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Mali, Malta, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Monaco, Mongolia, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Nepal, Netherlands, NZ, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Norway, Pakistan, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Qatar, Romania, Russia, Rwanda, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, San Marino, Sao Tome and Principe, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Slovakia, Slovenia, Solomon Islands, Somalia, South Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Swaziland, Sweden, Switzerland, Syria, Tanzania, Thailand, Togo, Tonga, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Uganda, Ukraine, UAR, UK, US, Uruguay, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Vietnam, Western Samoa, Yemen, Yugoslavia, Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe" );; line 128622 (wfb::source-text address |International Telecommunication Union (ITU)| "Place des Nations, 1211 Geneva 20, Switzerland" );; line 128649 (wfb::source-text telephone |International Telecommunication Union (ITU)| "[41] (22) 730 51 11" );; line 128651 (wfb::source-text fax |International Telecommunication Union (ITU)| "[41] (22) 733 72 56" );; line 128653 (wfb::source-text established |International Telecommunication Union (ITU)| "9 December 1932" );; line 128655 (wfb::source-text effective |International Telecommunication Union (ITU)| "1 January 1934" );; line 128657 (wfb::source-text affiliated_with_the_un |International Telecommunication Union (ITU)| "15 November 1947" );; line 128659 (wfb::source-text aim |International Telecommunication Union (ITU)| "to deal with world telecommunications issues; UN specialized agency" );; line 128661 (wfb::source-text members |International Telecommunication Union (ITU)| "(184) Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria, Andorra, Angola, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Armenia, Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan, The Bahamas, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belarus, Belgium, Belize, Benin, Bhutan, Bolivia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Botswana, Brazil, Brunei, Bulgaria, Burkina, Burma, Burundi, Cambodia, Cameroon, Canada, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Chile, China, Colombia, Comoros, Congo, Costa Rica, Cote d'Ivoire, Croatia, Cuba, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Djibouti, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Estonia, Ethiopia, Fiji, Finland, France, Gabon, The Gambia, Georgia, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Grenada, Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, Holy See, Honduras, Hungary, Iceland, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kenya, Kiribati, North Korea, South Korea, Kuwait, Kyrgyzstan, Laos, Latvia, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Malta, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Federated States of Micronesia, Moldova, Monaco, Mongolia, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Nauru, Nepal, Netherlands, NZ, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Norway, Oman, Pakistan, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Qatar, Romania, Russia, Rwanda, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, San Marino, Sao Tome and Principe, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Slovakia, Slovenia, Solomon Islands, Somalia, South Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Swaziland, Sweden, Switzerland, Syria, Tajikistan, Tanzania, Thailand, Togo, Tonga, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Uganda, Ukraine, UAE, UK, US, Uruguay, Uzbekistan, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Vietnam, Western Samoa, Yemen, Yugoslavia (suspended), Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe" );; line 128664 (wfb::source-text address |International Telecommunications Satellite Organization (INTELSAT)| "INTELSAT, 3400 International Drive NW, Washington, DC 20008-3098, USA" );; line 128695 (wfb::source-text telephone |International Telecommunications Satellite Organization (INTELSAT)| "[1] (202) 944 6800" );; line 128698 (wfb::source-text fax |International Telecommunications Satellite Organization (INTELSAT)| "[1] (202) 944 7860" );; line 128700 (wfb::source-text established |International Telecommunications Satellite Organization (INTELSAT)| "20 August 1971" );; line 128702 (wfb::source-text effective |International Telecommunications Satellite Organization (INTELSAT)| "12 February 1973" );; line 128704 (wfb::source-text aim |International Telecommunications Satellite Organization (INTELSAT)| "to develop and operate a global commercial telecommunications satellite system" );; line 128706 (wfb::source-text members |International Telecommunications Satellite Organization (INTELSAT)| "(134) Afghanistan, Algeria, Angola, Argentina, Armenia, Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan, The Bahamas, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belgium, Benin, Bhutan, Bolivia, Brazil, Brunei, Burkina, Cameroon, Canada, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Chile, China, Colombia, Congo, Costa Rica, Cote d'Ivoire, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Ethiopia, Fiji, Finland, France, Gabon, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Guatemala, Guinea, Haiti, Holy See, Honduras, Hungary, Iceland, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kenya, South Korea, Kuwait, Kyrgyzstan, Lebanon, Libya, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Mali, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Federated States of Micronesia, Monaco, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Nepal, Netherlands, NZ, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Norway, Oman, Pakistan, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Qatar, Romania, Russia, Rwanda, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Singapore, Somalia, South Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Swaziland, Sweden, Switzerland, Syria, Tanzania, Thailand, Togo, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Uganda, UAE, UK, US, Uruguay, Venezuela, Vietnam, Yemen, Yugoslavia, Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe" );; line 128709 (wfb::source-text nonsignatory_users |International Telecommunications Satellite Organization (INTELSAT)| "(50) Albania, Antigua and Barbuda, Belarus, Belize, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Botswana, Bulgaria, Burma, Burundi, Cambodia, Comoros, Cook Islands, Cuba, Djibouti, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Gambia, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Kiribati, North Korea, Laos, Latvia, Lesotho, Liberia, Lithuania, The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Maldives, Malta, Marshall Islands, Moldova, Mongolia, Nauru, Niue, Sao Tome and Principe, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Slovakia, Slovenia, Solomon Islands, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Suriname, Tajikistan, Tonga, Turkmenistan, Tuvalu, Ukraine, Vanuatu, Western Samoa" );; line 128727 (wfb::source-text address |Islamic Development Bank (IDB)| "P.O. Box 5925, Jeddah 21432, Saudi Arabia" );; line 128740 (wfb::source-text telephone |Islamic Development Bank (IDB)| "[966] (2) 6361400" );; line 128742 (wfb::source-text fax |Islamic Development Bank (IDB)| "[966] (2) 6366871" );; line 128744 (wfb::source-text established |Islamic Development Bank (IDB)| "15 December 1973" );; line 128746 (wfb::source-text aim |Islamic Development Bank (IDB)| "to promote Islamic economic aid and social development" );; line 128748 (wfb::source-text members |Islamic Development Bank (IDB)| "(48 plus the Palestine Liberation Organization) Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria, Azerbaijan, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Benin, Brunei, Burkina, Cameroon, Chad, Comoros, Djibouti, Egypt, Gabon, The Gambia, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Jordan, Kuwait, Kyrgyzstan, Lebanon, Libya, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Mauritania, Morocco, Niger, Oman, Pakistan, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Somalia, Sudan, Syria, Tajikistan, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Uganda, UAE, Yemen, Palestine Liberation Organization" );; line 128750 (wfb::source-text note |Latin American Economic System (LAES)| "also known as Sistema Economico Latinoamericana (SELA)" );; line 128762 (wfb::source-text address |Latin American Economic System (LAES)| "SELA, Avda Francisco de Miranda, Torre Europa, piso 4, Chacaito, Apartado de Correos 17035, Caracas 1010-A, Venezuela" );; line 128764 (wfb::source-text telephone |Latin American Economic System (LAES)| "[58] (2) 905 5111" );; line 128767 (wfb::source-text fax |Latin American Economic System (LAES)| "[58] (2) 951 6953, 951 7246" );; line 128769 (wfb::source-text established |Latin American Economic System (LAES)| "17 October 1975" );; line 128771 (wfb::source-text aim |Latin American Economic System (LAES)| "to promote economic and social development through regional cooperation" );; line 128773 (wfb::source-text members |Latin American Economic System (LAES)| "(27) Argentina, Barbados, Belize, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Grenada, Guatemala, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago, Uruguay, Venezuela" );; line 128776 (wfb::source-text note |Latin American Integration Association (LAIA)| "also known as Asociacion Latinoamericana de Integracion (ALADI)" );; line 128785 (wfb::source-text address |Latin American Integration Association (LAIA)| "Calle Cebollati 1461, Casilla de Correo 577, 11000 Montevideo, Uruguay" );; line 128787 (wfb::source-text telephone |Latin American Integration Association (LAIA)| "[598] (2) 40 11 21, 49 59 15" );; line 128790 (wfb::source-text fax |Latin American Integration Association (LAIA)| "[598] (2) 49 06 49" );; line 128792 (wfb::source-text established |Latin American Integration Association (LAIA)| "12 August 1980" );; line 128794 (wfb::source-text effective |Latin American Integration Association (LAIA)| "18 March 1981" );; line 128796 (wfb::source-text aim |Latin American Integration Association (LAIA)| "to promote freer regional trade" );; line 128798 (wfb::source-text members |Latin American Integration Association (LAIA)| "(11) Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Mexico, Paraguay, Peru, Uruguay, Venezuela" );; line 128800 (wfb::source-text observers |Latin American Integration Association (LAIA)| "(16) Commission of the European Communities, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominican Republic, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Inter-American Development Bank, Italy, Nicaragua, Organization of American States, Panama, Portugal, Spain, United Nations Development Program, United Nations Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean" );; line 128803 (wfb::source-text see |League of Arab States (LAS)| "Arab League (AL)" );; line 128813 (wfb::source-text see |League of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (LORCS)| "International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRCS)" );; line 128819 (wfb::source-text see london_suppliers_group "Nuclear Suppliers Group (NSG)" );; line 128883 (wfb::source-text see |Mercado Comun del Cono Sur (MERCOSUR)| "Southern Cone Common Market" );; line 128889 (wfb::source-text established |Missile Technology Control Regime (MTCR)| "April 1987" );; line 128900 (wfb::source-text aim |Missile Technology Control Regime (MTCR)| "to arrest missile proliferation by controlling the export of key missile technologies and equipment" );; line 128902 (wfb::source-text members |Missile Technology Control Regime (MTCR)| "(25) Argentina, Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Luxembourg, Netherlands, NZ, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, UK, US" );; line 128905 (wfb::source-text address |Nonaligned Movement (NAM)| "c/o Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Jalan Taman Pejambon 6, Jakarta PUSAT, Indonesia" );; line 128932 (wfb::source-text established |Nonaligned Movement (NAM)| "1-6 September 1961" );; line 128935 (wfb::source-text aim |Nonaligned Movement (NAM)| "to establish political and military cooperation apart from the traditional East or West blocs" );; line 128937 (wfb::source-text members |Nonaligned Movement (NAM)| "(110 plus the Palestine Liberation Organization) Afghanistan, Algeria, Angola, The Bahamas, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belize, Benin, Bhutan, Bolivia, Botswana, Brunei, Burkina, Burma, Burundi, Cambodia, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Chile, Colombia, Comoros, Congo, Cote d'Ivoire, Cuba, Cyprus, Djibouti, Ecuador, Egypt, Equatorial Guinea, Ethiopia, Gabon, The Gambia, Ghana, Grenada, Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Honduras, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Jamaica, Jordan, Kenya, North Korea, Kuwait, Laos, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Malta, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mongolia, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Nepal, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Oman, Pakistan, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Peru, Philippines, Qatar, Rwanda, Saint Lucia, Sao Tome and Principe, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Somalia, South Africa, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Swaziland, Syria, Tanzania, Thailand, Togo, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Uganda, UAE, Uzbekistan, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Vietnam, Yemen, Yugoslavia, Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe, Palestine Liberation Organization" );; line 128940 (wfb::source-text observers |Nonaligned Movement (NAM)| "(19) Afro-Asian Solidarity Organization, Antigua and Barbuda, Arab League, Armenia, Brazil, China, Costa Rica, Croatia, Dominica, El Salvador, Kanaka Socialist National Liberation Front (New Caledonia), Mexico, Mongolia, Organization of African Unity, Organization of the Islamic Conference, Papua New Guinea, Socialist Party of Puerto Rico, UN, Uruguay" );; line 128957 (wfb::source-text guests |Nonaligned Movement (NAM)| "(21) Australia, Austria, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Canada, Dominican Republic, Finland, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Netherlands, NZ, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, San Marino, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland" );; line 128963 (wfb::source-text address |Nordic Council (NC)| "Tyrgatan 7, Box 19506, S-104 32 Stockholm, Sweden" );; line 128972 (wfb::source-text telephone |Nordic Council (NC)| "[46] (8) 453 47 00" );; line 128974 (wfb::source-text fax |Nordic Council (NC)| "[46] (8) 411 75 36" );; line 128976 (wfb::source-text established |Nordic Council (NC)| "16 March 1952" );; line 128978 (wfb::source-text effective |Nordic Council (NC)| "12 February 1953" );; line 128980 (wfb::source-text aim |Nordic Council (NC)| "to promote regional economic, cultural, and environmental cooperation" );; line 128982 (wfb::source-text members |Nordic Council (NC)| "(5) Denmark (including Faroe Islands and Greenland), Finland (including Aland Islands), Iceland, Norway, Sweden" );; line 128985 (wfb::source-text observers |Nordic Council (NC)| "the Sami (Lapp) local parliaments of Finland, Norway, and Sweden" );; line 128988 (wfb::source-text address |Nordic Investment Bank (NIB)| "Fabiansgatan 34, PB 249 SF-00171 Helsinki, Finland" );; line 128994 (wfb::source-text telephone |Nordic Investment Bank (NIB)| "[358] (0) 18001" );; line 128996 (wfb::source-text fax |Nordic Investment Bank (NIB)| "[358] (0) 1800309" );; line 128998 (wfb::source-text established |Nordic Investment Bank (NIB)| "4 December 1975" );; line 129000 (wfb::source-text effective |Nordic Investment Bank (NIB)| "1 June 1976" );; line 129002 (wfb::source-text aim |Nordic Investment Bank (NIB)| "to promote economic cooperation and development" );; line 129004 (wfb::source-text members |Nordic Investment Bank (NIB)| "(5) Denmark (including Faroe Islands and Greenland), Finland (including Aland Islands), Iceland, Norway, Sweden" );; line 129006 (wfb::source-text note |North Atlantic Cooperation Council (NACC)| "an extension of NATO" );; line 129019 (wfb::source-text address |North Atlantic Cooperation Council (NACC)| "c/o NATO, B-1110 Brussels, Belgium" );; line 129021 (wfb::source-text telephone |North Atlantic Cooperation Council (NACC)| "[32] (2) 728 41 11" );; line 129023 (wfb::source-text fax |North Atlantic Cooperation Council (NACC)| "[32] (2) 728 45 79" );; line 129025 (wfb::source-text established |North Atlantic Cooperation Council (NACC)| "8 November 1991" );; line 129027 (wfb::source-text effective |North Atlantic Cooperation Council (NACC)| "20 December 1991" );; line 129029 (wfb::source-text aim |North Atlantic Cooperation Council (NACC)| "to discuss cooperation on mutual political and security issues" );; line 129031 (wfb::source-text members |North Atlantic Cooperation Council (NACC)| "(38) Albania, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Belgium, Bulgaria, Canada, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, France, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Italy, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Moldova, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Spain, Tajikistan, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, UK, US, Uzbekistan" );; line 129033 (wfb::source-text observer |North Atlantic Cooperation Council (NACC)| "(1) Finland" );; line 129039 (wfb::source-text address |North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)| "B-110 Brussels, Belgium" );; line 129045 (wfb::source-text telephone |North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)| "[32] (2) 728 41 11" );; line 129047 (wfb::source-text fax |North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)| "[32] (2) 728 45 79" );; line 129049 (wfb::source-text established |North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)| "17 September 1949" );; line 129051 (wfb::source-text aim |North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)| "to promote mutual defense and cooperation" );; line 129053 (wfb::source-text members |North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)| "(16) Belgium, Canada, Denmark, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Turkey, UK, US" );; line 129055 (wfb::source-text address |Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA)| "Le Seine St. Germain, 12 bd des Iles, F-92130 Issy-les- Moulineaux, France" );; line 129062 (wfb::source-text telephone |Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA)| "[33] (1) 45 24 10 10" );; line 129065 (wfb::source-text fax |Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA)| "[33] (1) 45 24 11 10" );; line 129067 (wfb::source-text established |Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA)| "NA 1958" );; line 129069 (wfb::source-text aim |Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA)| "to promote the peaceful uses of nuclear energy; associated with OECD" );; line 129071 (wfb::source-text members |Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA)| "(23) Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, UK, US" );; line 129074 (wfb::source-text note |Nuclear Suppliers Group (NSG)| "also known as the London Suppliers Group" );; line 129082 (wfb::source-text address |Nuclear Suppliers Group (NSG)| "c/o IAEA, Wagramerstrasse 5, P.O. Box 100, A-1400 Vienna, Austria" );; line 129084 (wfb::source-text telephone |Nuclear Suppliers Group (NSG)| "[43] (1) 2360 2045" );; line 129086 (wfb::source-text fax |Nuclear Suppliers Group (NSG)| "[43] (1) 234564" );; line 129088 (wfb::source-text established |Nuclear Suppliers Group (NSG)| "1974" );; line 129090 (wfb::source-text aim |Nuclear Suppliers Group (NSG)| "to establish guidelines for exports of technical information, processing equipment for uranium enrichment and nuclear materials to countries of proliferation concern and regions of conflict and instability" );; line 129092 (wfb::source-text members |Nuclear Suppliers Group (NSG)| "(28) Australia, Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Canada, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, UK, US" );; line 129096 (wfb::source-text observers |Nuclear Suppliers Group (NSG)| "(2) Argentina, European Commission" );; line 129101 (wfb::source-text see |Organismo para la Proscripcion de las Armas Nucleares en la America Latina y el Caribe (OPANAL)| "Agency for the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons in Latin America and the Caribbean (OPANAL)" );; line 129108 (wfb::source-text address |Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD)| "2 rue Andre Pascal, F-75775 Paris CEDEX 16, France" );; line 129115 (wfb::source-text telephone |Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD)| "[33] (1) 45 24 82 00" );; line 129117 (wfb::source-text fax |Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD)| "[33] (1) 45 24 85 00, 45 24 81 76" );; line 129119 (wfb::source-text established |Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD)| "14 December 1960" );; line 129121 (wfb::source-text effective |Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD)| "30 September 1961" );; line 129123 (wfb::source-text aim |Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD)| "to promote economic cooperation and development" );; line 129125 (wfb::source-text members |Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD)| "(25) Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Luxembourg, Mexico, Netherlands, NZ, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, UK, US" );; line 129127 (wfb::source-text special_member |Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD)| "(1) EU" );; line 129131 (wfb::source-text address |Organization of African Unity (OAU)| "P. O. Box 3243, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia" );; line 129137 (wfb::source-text telephone |Organization of African Unity (OAU)| "[251] (1) 517700" );; line 129139 (wfb::source-text fax |Organization of African Unity (OAU)| "[251] (1) 512622" );; line 129141 (wfb::source-text established |Organization of African Unity (OAU)| "25 May 1963" );; line 129143 (wfb::source-text aim |Organization of African Unity (OAU)| "to promote unity and cooperation among African states" );; line 129145 (wfb::source-text members |Organization of African Unity (OAU)| "(53) Algeria, Angola, Benin, Botswana, Burkina, Burundi, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Comoros, Congo, Cote d'Ivoire, Djibouti, Egypt, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Gabon, The Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Kenya, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, Madagascar, Malawi, Mali, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mozambique, Namibia, Niger, Nigeria, Rwanda, Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic, Sao Tome and Principe, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Somalia, South Africa, Sudan, Swaziland, Tanzania, Togo, Tunisia, Uganda, Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe" );; line 129147 (wfb::source-text address |Organization of American States (OAS)| "corner of 17th Street and Constitution Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20006, USA" );; line 129160 (wfb::source-text telephone |Organization of American States (OAS)| "[1] (202) 458 3000 FAX [1] (202) 458 3967" );; line 129163 (wfb::source-text established |Organization of American States (OAS)| "30 April 1948" );; line 129165 (wfb::source-text effective |Organization of American States (OAS)| "13 December 1951" );; line 129167 (wfb::source-text aim |Organization of American States (OAS)| "to promote regional peace and security as well as economic and social development" );; line 129169 (wfb::source-text members |Organization of American States (OAS)| "(35) Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, The Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, Bolivia, Brazil, Canada, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba (excluded from formal participation since 1962), Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Grenada, Guatemala, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago, US, Uruguay, Venezuela" );; line 129172 (wfb::source-text observers |Organization of American States (OAS)| "(31) Algeria, Angola, Austria, Belgium, Central American Parliament, Commission of the European Communities, Cyprus, Egypt, Equatorial Guinea, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Holy See, Hungary, India, Israel, Italy, Japan, South Korea, Morocco, Netherlands, Pakistan, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Saudi Arabia, Spain, Switzerland, Tunisia" );; line 129180 (wfb::source-text address |Organization of Arab Petroleum Exporting Countries (OAPEC)| "POB 20501, Safat 13066, Kuwait" );; line 129190 (wfb::source-text telephone |Organization of Arab Petroleum Exporting Countries (OAPEC)| "[965] 5340713" );; line 129192 (wfb::source-text fax |Organization of Arab Petroleum Exporting Countries (OAPEC)| "[965] 5340694" );; line 129194 (wfb::source-text established |Organization of Arab Petroleum Exporting Countries (OAPEC)| "9 January 1968" );; line 129196 (wfb::source-text aim |Organization of Arab Petroleum Exporting Countries (OAPEC)| "to promote cooperation in the petroleum industry" );; line 129198 (wfb::source-text members |Organization of Arab Petroleum Exporting Countries (OAPEC)| "(10) Algeria, Bahrain, Egypt, Iraq, Kuwait, Libya, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Syria, UAE" );; line 129200 (wfb::source-text address |Organization of Eastern Caribbean States (OECS)| "P.O. Box 179, The Morne, Castries, St. Lucia" );; line 129207 (wfb::source-text telephone |Organization of Eastern Caribbean States (OECS)| "[1] (809) 452 2537" );; line 129209 (wfb::source-text fax |Organization of Eastern Caribbean States (OECS)| "[1] (809) 453 1628" );; line 129211 (wfb::source-text established |Organization of Eastern Caribbean States (OECS)| "18 June 1981" );; line 129213 (wfb::source-text effective |Organization of Eastern Caribbean States (OECS)| "4 July 1981" );; line 129215 (wfb::source-text aim |Organization of Eastern Caribbean States (OECS)| "to promote political, economic, and defense cooperation" );; line 129217 (wfb::source-text members |Organization of Eastern Caribbean States (OECS)| "(7) Antigua and Barbuda, Dominica, Grenada, Montserrat, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines" );; line 129219 (wfb::source-text associate_member |Organization of Eastern Caribbean States (OECS)| "(1) British Virgin Islands" );; line 129222 (wfb::source-text address |Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC)| "Obere Donaustrasse 93, A-1020 Vienna, Austria" );; line 129228 (wfb::source-text telephone |Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC)| "[43] (1) 21 11 20" );; line 129230 (wfb::source-text fax |Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC)| "[43] (1) 26 43 20" );; line 129232 (wfb::source-text established |Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC)| "14 September 1960" );; line 129234 (wfb::source-text aim |Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC)| "to coordinate petroleum policies" );; line 129236 (wfb::source-text members |Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC)| "(12) Algeria, Gabon, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Libya, Nigeria, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, UAE, Venezuela" );; line 129238 (wfb::source-text address |Organization of the Islamic Conference (OIC)| "Kilo 6, Mecca Road, P.O. Box 178, Jeddah 21411, Saudi Arabia" );; line 129245 (wfb::source-text telephone |Organization of the Islamic Conference (OIC)| "[966] (2) 680-0800" );; line 129247 (wfb::source-text fax |Organization of the Islamic Conference (OIC)| "[966] (2) 687-3568" );; line 129249 (wfb::source-text established |Organization of the Islamic Conference (OIC)| "22-25 September 1969" );; line 129251 (wfb::source-text aim |Organization of the Islamic Conference (OIC)| "to promote Islamic solidarity in economic, social, cultural, and political affairs" );; line 129253 (wfb::source-text members |Organization of the Islamic Conference (OIC)| "(48 plus the Palestine Liberation Organization) Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria, Azerbaijan, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Benin, Brunei, Burkina, Cameroon, Chad, Comoros, Djibouti, Egypt, Gabon, The Gambia, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Jordan, Kuwait, Kyrgyzstan, Lebanon, Libya, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Mauritania, Morocco, Niger, Oman, Pakistan, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Somalia, Sudan, Syria, Tajikistan, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Uganda, UAE, Yemen, Palestine Liberation Organization" );; line 129256 (wfb::source-text observers |Organization of the Islamic Conference (OIC)| "(3) Kazakhstan, Mozambique, \"Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus\"" );; line 129264 (wfb::source-text note |Organization on Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE)| "formerly the Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe (CSCE)" );; line 129270 (wfb::source-text address |Organization on Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE)| "Thunovska 12, Mala Strana, 110 00 Prague 1, Czech Republic" );; line 129273 (wfb::source-text telephone |Organization on Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE)| "[422] (2) 24311069" );; line 129275 (wfb::source-text fax |Organization on Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE)| "[422] (2) 24310629" );; line 129277 (wfb::source-text established |Organization on Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE)| "1 January 1995" );; line 129279 (wfb::source-text aim |Organization on Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE)| "to discuss issues of mutual concern and to review implementation of the Helsinki Agreement" );; line 129281 (wfb::source-text members |Organization on Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE)| "(53) Albania, Armenia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Canada, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Holy See, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Moldova, Monaco, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, San Marino, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Tajikistan, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, UK, US, Uzbekistan, Yugoslavia (suspended)" );; line 129284 (wfb::source-text observer |Organization on Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE)| "(1) The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia" );; line 129293 (wfb::source-text see paris_club "Group of 10" );; line 129299 (wfb::source-text established |Partnership for Peace (PFP)| "10-11 January 1994" );; line 129305 (wfb::source-text aim |Partnership for Peace (PFP)| "to expand and intensify political and military cooperation throughout Europe, increase stability, diminish threats to peace, and build relationships by promoting the spirit of practical cooperation and commitment to democratic principles that underpin NATO; program under the auspices of NATO" );; line 129307 (wfb::source-text members |Partnership for Peace (PFP)| "(24) Albania, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Estonia, Finland, Georgia, Hungary, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Lithuania, Moldova, Poland, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Sweden, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, Uzbekistan" );; line 129312 (wfb::source-text address |Permanent Court of Arbitration (PCA)| "Peace Palace, Carnegieplein 2, NL-2517 KJ The Hague, Netherlands" );; line 129321 (wfb::source-text telephone |Permanent Court of Arbitration (PCA)| "[31] (70) 346 96 80" );; line 129323 (wfb::source-text fax |Permanent Court of Arbitration (PCA)| "[31] (70) 356 13 38" );; line 129325 (wfb::source-text established |Permanent Court of Arbitration (PCA)| "29 July 1899" );; line 129327 (wfb::source-text aim |Permanent Court of Arbitration (PCA)| "to facilitate the settlement of international disputes" );; line 129329 (wfb::source-text members |Permanent Court of Arbitration (PCA)| "(80) Argentina, Australia, Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Bolivia, Brazil, Bulgaria, Burkina, Cambodia, Cameroon, Canada, Chile, China, Colombia, Cuba, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Fiji, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Guatemala, Haiti, Honduras, Hungary, Iceland, India, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Italy, Japan, Jordan, Kyrgyzstan, Laos, Lebanon, Luxembourg, Malta, Mauritius, Mexico, Netherlands, NZ, Nicaragua, Nigeria, Norway, Pakistan, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Senegal, Singapore, Slovakia, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Swaziland, Sweden, Switzerland, Thailand, Turkey, Uganda, Ukraine, UK, US, Uruguay, Venezuela, Zaire, Zimbabwe" );; line 129331 (wfb::source-text address population_commission "c/o ECOSOC, United Nations, New York, NY 10017, USA" );; line 129346 (wfb::source-text telephone population_commission "[1] (212) 754 1234" );; line 129348 (wfb::source-text established population_commission "3 October 1946" );; line 129350 (wfb::source-text aim population_commission "to deal with population matters of importance to the UN, as part of Economic and Social Council organization" );; line 129352 (wfb::source-text members population_commission "(27) selected on a rotating basis from all regions" );; line 129355 (wfb::source-text note |Rio Group (RG)| "formerly known as Grupo de los Ocho, established in December 1986" );; line 129361 (wfb::source-text established |Rio Group (RG)| "NA 1988" );; line 129363 (wfb::source-text aim |Rio Group (RG)| "to consult on regional Latin American issues" );; line 129365 (wfb::source-text members |Rio Group (RG)| "(11) Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Mexico, Paraguay, Peru, Uruguay, Venezuela; note - Panama was expelled in 1988" );; line 129367 (wfb::source-text see social_commission "Commission for Social Development" );; line 129381 (wfb::source-text address |South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC)| "P.O. Box 4222, Kathmandu, Nepal" );; line 129399 (wfb::source-text telephone |South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC)| "[977] (1) 221785, 221787, 221794" );; line 129401 (wfb::source-text fax |South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC)| "[977] (1) 227033" );; line 129403 (wfb::source-text established |South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC)| "8 December 1985" );; line 129405 (wfb::source-text aim |South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC)| "to promote economic, social, and cultural cooperation" );; line 129407 (wfb::source-text members |South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC)| "(7) Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka" );; line 129409 (wfb::source-text address |South Pacific Commission (SPC)| "Anse Vata, BP D5 Noumea CEDEX, New Caledonia" );; line 129416 (wfb::source-text telephone |South Pacific Commission (SPC)| "[687] 26 20 00 FAX [687] 26 38 18" );; line 129418 (wfb::source-text established |South Pacific Commission (SPC)| "6 February 1947" );; line 129420 (wfb::source-text effective |South Pacific Commission (SPC)| "29 July 1948" );; line 129422 (wfb::source-text aim |South Pacific Commission (SPC)| "to promote regional cooperation in economic and social matters" );; line 129424 (wfb::source-text members |South Pacific Commission (SPC)| "(27) American Samoa, Australia, Cook Islands, Fiji, France, French Polynesia, Guam, Kiribati, Marshall Islands, Federated States of Micronesia, Nauru, New Caledonia, NZ, Niue, Northern Mariana Islands, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Pitcairn Islands, Solomon Islands, Tokelau, Tonga, Tuvalu, UK, US, Vanuatu, Wallis and Futuna, Western Samoa" );; line 129426 (wfb::source-text address |South Pacific Forum (SPF)| "c/o forum Secretariat, Ratu Sukuna Road GPO Box 856, Suva, Fiji" );; line 129436 (wfb::source-text telephone |South Pacific Forum (SPF)| "[679] 312 600, 303 106" );; line 129438 (wfb::source-text fax |South Pacific Forum (SPF)| "[679] 302 204" );; line 129440 (wfb::source-text established |South Pacific Forum (SPF)| "5 August 1971" );; line 129442 (wfb::source-text aim |South Pacific Forum (SPF)| "to promote regional cooperation in political matters" );; line 129444 (wfb::source-text members |South Pacific Forum (SPF)| "(15) Australia, Cook Islands, Fiji, Kiribati, Marshall Islands, Federated States of Micronesia, Nauru, NZ, Niue, Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands, Tonga, Tuvalu, Vanuatu, Western Samoa" );; line 129446 (wfb::source-text observer |South Pacific Forum (SPF)| "(1) Palau" );; line 129450 (wfb::source-text address |South Pacific Regional Trade and Economic Cooperation Agreement (SPARTECA)| "(see South Pacific Forum)" );; line 129457 (wfb::source-text established |South Pacific Regional Trade and Economic Cooperation Agreement (SPARTECA)| "NA 1981" );; line 129459 (wfb::source-text aim |South Pacific Regional Trade and Economic Cooperation Agreement (SPARTECA)| "to redress unequal trade relationship of Australia and New Zealand with small island economies in Pacific region" );; line 129461 (wfb::source-text members |South Pacific Regional Trade and Economic Cooperation Agreement (SPARTECA)| "(15) Australia, Cook Islands, Fiji, Kiribati, Marshall Islands, Federated States of Micronesia, Nauru, NZ, Niue, Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands, Tonga, Tuvalu, Vanuatu, Western Samoa" );; line 129464 (wfb::source-text address |Southern African Customs Union (SACU)| "Director General, Trade and Industry, Private Bag X84, Pretoria 0001, South Africa" );; line 129472 (wfb::source-text established |Southern African Customs Union (SACU)| "11 December 1969" );; line 129475 (wfb::source-text aim |Southern African Customs Union (SACU)| "to promote free trade and cooperation in customs matters" );; line 129477 (wfb::source-text members |Southern African Customs Union (SACU)| "(9) Bophuthatswana, Botswana, Ciskei, Lesotho, Namibia, South Africa, Swaziland, Transkei, Venda" );; line 129479 (wfb::source-text note |Southern African Development Community (SADC)| "evolved from the Southern African Development Coordination Conference (SADCC)" );; line 129486 (wfb::source-text address |Southern African Development Community (SADC)| "Private Bag 008, Gaborone, Botswana" );; line 129489 (wfb::source-text telephone |Southern African Development Community (SADC)| "[267] (31) 51863, 51864, 51865" );; line 129491 (wfb::source-text fax |Southern African Development Community (SADC)| "[267] (31) 372848" );; line 129493 (wfb::source-text established |Southern African Development Community (SADC)| "17 August 1992" );; line 129495 (wfb::source-text aim |Southern African Development Community (SADC)| "to promote regional economic development and integration" );; line 129497 (wfb::source-text members |Southern African Development Community (SADC)| "(11) Angola, Botswana, Lesotho, Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia, South Africa, Swaziland, Tanzania, Zambia, Zimbabwe" );; line 129499 (wfb::source-text address |Southern Cone Common Market (MERCOSUR)| "c/o Cancilleria de la Republica de Argentina, Buenos Aires, Argentina" );; line 129506 (wfb::source-text established |Southern Cone Common Market (MERCOSUR)| "26 March 1991" );; line 129509 (wfb::source-text aim |Southern Cone Common Market (MERCOSUR)| "to increase regional economic cooperation" );; line 129511 (wfb::source-text members |Southern Cone Common Market (MERCOSUR)| "(4) Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay" );; line 129513 (wfb::source-text address statistical_commission "c/o ECOSOC, United Nations, New York, NY 10017, USA" );; line 129519 (wfb::source-text telephone statistical_commission "[1] (212) 963 1234" );; line 129521 (wfb::source-text fax statistical_commission "[1] (212) 758 2718" );; line 129523 (wfb::source-text established statistical_commission "21 June 1946" );; line 129525 (wfb::source-text aim statistical_commission "to deal with development and standardization of national statistics of interest to the UN, as part of the Economic and Social Council organization" );; line 129527 (wfb::source-text members statistical_commission "(24) selected on a rotating basis from all regions" );; line 129531 (wfb::source-text see |Union Douaniere et Economique de l'Afrique Centrale (UDEAC)| "Central African Customs and Economic Union (UDEAC)" );; line 129553 (wfb::source-text address |United Nations (UN)| "United Nations, New York, NY 10017, USA" );; line 129559 (wfb::source-text telephone |United Nations (UN)| "[1] (212) 963 1234" );; line 129561 (wfb::source-text fax |United Nations (UN)| "[1] (212) 758 2718" );; line 129563 (wfb::source-text established |United Nations (UN)| "26 June 1945" );; line 129565 (wfb::source-text effective |United Nations (UN)| "24 October 1945" );; line 129567 (wfb::source-text aim |United Nations (UN)| "to maintain international peace and security and to promote cooperation involving economic, social, cultural and humanitarian problems" );; line 129569 (wfb::source-text members |United Nations (UN)| "(184 excluding Yugoslavia) Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria, Andorra, Angola, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Armenia, Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan, The Bahamas, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belarus, Belgium, Belize, Benin, Bhutan, Bolivia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Botswana, Brazil, Brunei, Bulgaria, Burkina, Burma, Burundi, Cambodia, Cameroon, Canada, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Chile, China, Colombia, Comoros, Congo, Costa Rica, Cote d'Ivoire, Croatia, Cuba, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Djibouti, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Estonia, Ethiopia, Fiji, Finland, France, Gabon, The Gambia, Georgia, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Grenada, Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Hungary, Iceland, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kenya, North Korea, South Korea, Kuwait, Kyrgyzstan, Laos, Latvia, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Malta, Marshall Islands, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Federated States of Micronesia, Moldova, Monaco, Mongolia, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Nepal, Netherlands, NZ, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Norway, Oman, Pakistan, Palau, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Qatar, Romania, Russia, Rwanda, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, San Marino, Sao Tome and Principe, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Slovakia, Slovenia, Solomon Islands, Somalia, South Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Swaziland, Sweden, Syria, Tajikistan, Tanzania, Thailand, Togo, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Uganda, Ukraine, UAE, UK, US, Uruguay, Uzbekistan, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Vietnam, Western Samoa, Yemen, Yugoslavia (suspended), Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe; note - all UN members are represented in the General Assembly" );; line 129572 (wfb::source-text observers |United Nations (UN)| "(2 plus the Palestine Liberation Organization) Holy See, Switzerland, Palestine Liberation Organization" );; line 129600 (wfb::source-text note |United Nations Angola Verification Mission (UNAVEM II)| "successor to original UNAVEM" );; line 129607 (wfb::source-text address |United Nations Angola Verification Mission (UNAVEM II)| "c/o United Nations, UNAVEM II, New York, NY 10017, USA" );; line 129609 (wfb::source-text telephone |United Nations Angola Verification Mission (UNAVEM II)| "[1] (212) 963 1234" );; line 129611 (wfb::source-text fax |United Nations Angola Verification Mission (UNAVEM II)| "[1] (212) 758 2718" );; line 129613 (wfb::source-text established |United Nations Angola Verification Mission (UNAVEM II)| "20 December 1988" );; line 129615 (wfb::source-text aim |United Nations Angola Verification Mission (UNAVEM II)| "to verify the withdrawal of Cuban troops from Angola; established by the UN Security Council" );; line 129617 (wfb::source-text members |United Nations Angola Verification Mission (UNAVEM II)| "(16) Argentina, Brazil, Congo, Guinea-Bissau, Hungary, India, Jordan, Malaysia, Morocco, Netherlands, NZ, Nigeria, Norway, Slovakia, Sweden, Zimbabwe" );; line 129620 (wfb::source-text established |United Nations Assistance Mission for Rwanda (UNAMIR)| "5 October 1993" );; line 129628 (wfb::source-text aim |United Nations Assistance Mission for Rwanda (UNAMIR)| "to monitor ceasefire agreement, to support and provide safe conditions for displaced persons; established by the UN Security Council" );; line 129630 (wfb::source-text members |United Nations Assistance Mission for Rwanda (UNAMIR)| "(17) Austria, Bangladesh, Canada, Congo, Egypt, Fiji, Ghana, Malawi, Mali, Nigeria, Poland, Russia, Senegal, Togo, Tunisia, Uruguay, Zimbabwe" );; line 129633 (wfb::source-text note |United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF)| "acronym retained from the predecessor organization UN International Children's Emergency Fund" );; line 129640 (wfb::source-text address |United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF)| "UNICEF House, Three United Nations Plaza, New York, NY 10017, USA" );; line 129643 (wfb::source-text telephone |United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF)| "[1] (212) 326 7000" );; line 129645 (wfb::source-text established |United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF)| "11 December 1946" );; line 129647 (wfb::source-text aim |United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF)| "to help establish child health and welfare services" );; line 129649 (wfb::source-text members |United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF)| "(41) selected on a rotating basis from all regions" );; line 129651 (wfb::source-text address |United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD)| "Palais des Nations, CH-1211 Geneva 10, Switzerland" );; line 129657 (wfb::source-text telephone |United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD)| "[41] (22) 917 12 34, 907 12 34" );; line 129659 (wfb::source-text fax |United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD)| "[41] (22) 907 00 57" );; line 129661 (wfb::source-text established |United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD)| "30 December 1964" );; line 129663 (wfb::source-text aim |United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD)| "to promote international trade" );; line 129665 (wfb::source-text members |United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD)| "(187) all UN members plus Holy See, Switzerland, Tonga" );; line 129667 (wfb::source-text address |United Nations Development Program (UNDP)| "One United National Plaza, New York, NY 10017, USA" );; line 129673 (wfb::source-text telephone |United Nations Development Program (UNDP)| "[1] (212) 906 5788, 906 500 FAX [1] (212) 906 5365" );; line 129675 (wfb::source-text established |United Nations Development Program (UNDP)| "22 November 1965" );; line 129677 (wfb::source-text aim |United Nations Development Program (UNDP)| "to provide technical assistance to stimulate economic and social development" );; line 129679 (wfb::source-text members |United Nations Development Program (UNDP)| "(36) selected on a rotating basis from all regions" );; line 129682 (wfb::source-text address |United Nations Disengagement Observer Force (UNDOF)| "c/o UNDOF, P.O. Box 5368, Damascus, Syrian AR" );; line 129688 (wfb::source-text established |United Nations Disengagement Observer Force (UNDOF)| "31 May 1974" );; line 129690 (wfb::source-text aim |United Nations Disengagement Observer Force (UNDOF)| "to observe the 1973 Arab-Israeli ceasefire; established by the UN Security Council" );; line 129692 (wfb::source-text members |United Nations Disengagement Observer Force (UNDOF)| "(4) Austria, Canada, Finland, Poland" );; line 129695 (wfb::source-text address |United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO)| "7 place de Fontenoy, F-75700 Paris, France" );; line 129702 (wfb::source-text telephone |United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO)| "[33] (1) 45 68 10 00" );; line 129704 (wfb::source-text fax |United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO)| "[33] (1) 45 67 16 90" );; line 129706 (wfb::source-text established |United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO)| "16 November 1945" );; line 129708 (wfb::source-text effective |United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO)| "4 November 1946" );; line 129710 (wfb::source-text aim |United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO)| "to promote cooperation in education, science, and culture" );; line 129712 (wfb::source-text members |United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO)| "(182) Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria, Andorra, Angola, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Armenia, Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan, The Bahamas, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belarus, Belgium, Belize, Benin, Bhutan, Bolivia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Botswana, Brazil, Bulgaria, Burkina, Burma, Burundi, Cambodia, Cameroon, Canada, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Chile, China, Colombia, Comoros, Congo, Cook Islands, Costa Rica, Cote d'Ivoire, Croatia, Cuba, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Djibouti, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Estonia, Ethiopia, Fiji, Finland, France, Gabon, The Gambia, Georgia, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Grenada, Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Hungary, Iceland, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kenya, Kiribati, North Korea, South Korea, Kuwait, Kyrgyzstan, Laos, Latvia, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, Lithuania, Luxembourg, The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Malta, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Moldova, Monaco, Mongolia, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Nepal, Netherlands, NZ, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Niue, Norway, Oman, Pakistan, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Qatar, Romania, Russia, Rwanda, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, San Marino, Sao Tome and Principe, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Slovakia, Slovenia, Solomon Islands, Somalia, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Swaziland, Sweden, Switzerland, Syria, Tajikistan, Tanzania, Thailand, Togo, Tonga, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Tuvalu, Uganda, Ukraine, UAE, Uruguay, Uzbekistan, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Vietnam, Western Samoa, Yemen, Yugoslavia (suspended), Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe" );; line 129714 (wfb::source-text associate_members |United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO)| "(3) Aruba, British Virgin Islands, Netherlands Antilles" );; line 129740 (wfb::source-text address |United Nations Environment Program (UNEP)| "One United Nations Plaza, New York, NY 10017, USA" );; line 129746 (wfb::source-text telephone |United Nations Environment Program (UNEP)| "[1] (212) 906 5000" );; line 129748 (wfb::source-text fax |United Nations Environment Program (UNEP)| "[1] (212) 826 2057" );; line 129750 (wfb::source-text established |United Nations Environment Program (UNEP)| "15 December 1972" );; line 129752 (wfb::source-text aim |United Nations Environment Program (UNEP)| "to promote international cooperation on all environmental matters" );; line 129754 (wfb::source-text members |United Nations Environment Program (UNEP)| "(58) selected on a rotating basis from all regions" );; line 129756 (wfb::source-text address |United Nations Force in Cyprus (UNFICYP)| "c/o UN Peace Keeping Missions, Office for Special Political Affairs, United Nations, New York, NY 10017, USA" );; line 129762 (wfb::source-text telephone |United Nations Force in Cyprus (UNFICYP)| "[1] (212) 963 1234" );; line 129765 (wfb::source-text fax |United Nations Force in Cyprus (UNFICYP)| "[1] (212) 963 4879" );; line 129767 (wfb::source-text established |United Nations Force in Cyprus (UNFICYP)| "4 March 1964" );; line 129769 (wfb::source-text aim |United Nations Force in Cyprus (UNFICYP)| "to serve as a peacekeeping force between Greek Cypriots and Turkish Cypriots in Cyprus; established by the UN Security Council" );; line 129771 (wfb::source-text members |United Nations Force in Cyprus (UNFICYP)| "(8) Argentina, Australia, Austria, Canada, Denmark, Finland, Ireland, UK" );; line 129774 (wfb::source-text address united_nations_general_assembly "see United Nations" );; line 129781 (wfb::source-text established united_nations_general_assembly "26 June 1945" );; line 129783 (wfb::source-text effective united_nations_general_assembly "24 October 1945" );; line 129785 (wfb::source-text aim united_nations_general_assembly "to function as the primary deliberative organ of the UN" );; line 129787 (wfb::source-text members united_nations_general_assembly "(185) all UN members are represented in the General Assembly" );; line 129789 (wfb::source-text address |United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO)| "Vienna International Center, P.O. Box 300, A-1400 Vienna, Austria" );; line 129795 (wfb::source-text telephone |United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO)| "[43] (1) 211 310" );; line 129797 (wfb::source-text fax |United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO)| "[43] (1) 23 21 56" );; line 129799 (wfb::source-text established |United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO)| "17 November 1966" );; line 129801 (wfb::source-text effective |United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO)| "1 January 1967" );; line 129803 (wfb::source-text aim |United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO)| "UN specialized agency that promotes industrial development especially among the members" );; line 129805 (wfb::source-text members |United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO)| "(166) Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria, Angola, Argentina, Armenia, Australia, Austria, The Bahamas, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belarus, Belgium, Belize, Benin, Bhutan, Bolivia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Botswana, Brazil, Bulgaria, Burkina, Burma, Burundi, Cameroon, Canada, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Chile, China, Colombia, Comoros, Congo, Costa Rica, Cote d'Ivoire, Croatia, Cuba, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Djibouti, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Ethiopia, Fiji, Finland, France, Gabon, The Gambia, Georgia, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Grenada, Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Hungary, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Kenya, North Korea, South Korea, Kuwait, Kyrgyzstan, Laos, Latvia, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, Luxembourg, The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Malta, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Moldova, Mongolia, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Nepal, Netherlands, NZ, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Norway, Oman, Pakistan, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Qatar, Romania, Russia, Rwanda, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Sao Tome and Principe, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Slovakia, Slovenia, Somalia, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Swaziland, Sweden, Switzerland, Syria, Tajikistan, Tanzania, Thailand, Togo, Tonga, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Uganda, Ukraine, UAE, UK, US, Uruguay, Uzbekistan, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Vietnam, Yemen, Yugoslavia (suspended), Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe" );; line 129808 (wfb::source-text established |United Nations Institute for Training and Research (UNITAR)| "11 December 1963" );; line 129835 (wfb::source-text aim |United Nations Institute for Training and Research (UNITAR)| "to help the UN become more effective through training and research members (Board of Trustees) - (24) Argentina, Belgium, Canada, China, Cote d'Ivoire, France, Germany, India, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Libya, Mexico, Netherlands, Norway, Pakistan, Russia, Sweden, Switzerland, Tunisia, Uganda, UK, US, Yugoslavia" );; line 129837 (wfb::source-text address |United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon (UNIFIL)| "c/o UN Peace Keeping Missions, Office for Special Political Affairs, United Nations, New York, NY 10017, USA" );; line 129847 (wfb::source-text telephone |United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon (UNIFIL)| "[1] (212) 963 1234" );; line 129850 (wfb::source-text fax |United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon (UNIFIL)| "[1] (212) 963 4879" );; line 129852 (wfb::source-text established |United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon (UNIFIL)| "19 March 1978" );; line 129854 (wfb::source-text aim |United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon (UNIFIL)| "to confirm the withdrawal of Israeli forces, restore peace, and reestablish Lebanese authority in southern Lebanon; established by the UN Security Council" );; line 129856 (wfb::source-text members |United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon (UNIFIL)| "(9) Fiji, Finland, France, Ghana, Ireland, Italy, Nepal, Norway, Poland" );; line 129860 (wfb::source-text address |United Nations Iraq-Kuwait Observation Mission (UNIKOM)| "c/o UN Peace Keeping Mission, Office for Special Political Affairs, United Nations, New York, NY 10017, USA telephone [1] (212) 963 1234" );; line 129867 (wfb::source-text fax |United Nations Iraq-Kuwait Observation Mission (UNIKOM)| "[1] (212) 963 4879" );; line 129870 (wfb::source-text established |United Nations Iraq-Kuwait Observation Mission (UNIKOM)| "9 April 1991" );; line 129872 (wfb::source-text aim |United Nations Iraq-Kuwait Observation Mission (UNIKOM)| "to observe and monitor the demilitarized zone established between Iraq and Kuwait; established by the UN Security Council" );; line 129874 (wfb::source-text members |United Nations Iraq-Kuwait Observation Mission (UNIKOM)| "(33) Argentina, Austria, Bangladesh, Canada, China, Denmark, Fiji, Finland, France, Ghana, Greece, Hungary, India, Indonesia, Ireland, Italy, Kenya, Malaysia, Nigeria, Norway, Pakistan, Poland, Romania, Russia, Senegal, Singapore, Sweden, Thailand, Turkey, UK, US, Uruguay, Venezuela" );; line 129877 (wfb::source-text address |United Nations Military Observer Group in India and Pakistan (UNMOGIP)| "c/o OUSGSPA, Room 3853, United Nations, New York, NY 10017, USA" );; line 129887 (wfb::source-text telephone |United Nations Military Observer Group in India and Pakistan (UNMOGIP)| "[1] (212) 963 4457" );; line 129889 (wfb::source-text fax |United Nations Military Observer Group in India and Pakistan (UNMOGIP)| "[1] (212) 758 2718" );; line 129891 (wfb::source-text established |United Nations Military Observer Group in India and Pakistan (UNMOGIP)| "13 August 1948" );; line 129893 (wfb::source-text aim |United Nations Military Observer Group in India and Pakistan (UNMOGIP)| "to observe the 1949 India-Pakistan ceasefire; established by the UN Security Council" );; line 129895 (wfb::source-text members |United Nations Military Observer Group in India and Pakistan (UNMOGIP)| "(8) Belgium, Chile, Denmark, Finland, Italy, Norway, Sweden, Uruguay" );; line 129898 (wfb::source-text established |United Nations Mission in Haiti (UNMIH)| "23 September 1993" );; line 129905 (wfb::source-text aim |United Nations Mission in Haiti (UNMIH)| "to assist in implementing the agreement to transfer power back into the civilian government; established by the UN Security Council" );; line 129907 (wfb::source-text members |United Nations Mission in Haiti (UNMIH)| "(14) Algeria, Argentina, Austria, Canada, France, Indonesia, Madagascar, Russia, Senegal, Spain, Switzerland, Tunisia, US, Venezuela" );; line 129910 (wfb::source-text established |United Nations Mission in Liberia (UNOMIL)| "22 September 1993" );; line 129917 (wfb::source-text aim |United Nations Mission in Liberia (UNOMIL)| "to assist in the implementation of the peace agreement; established by the UN Security Council" );; line 129919 (wfb::source-text members |United Nations Mission in Liberia (UNOMIL)| "(13) Austria, Bangladesh, China, Czech Republic, Egypt, Guinea- Bissau, India, Jordan, Kenya, Malaysia, Pakistan, Slovakia, Uruguay" );; line 129922 (wfb::source-text address |United Nations Mission for the Referendum in Western Sahara (MINURSO)| "c/o UN Peace Keeping Missions, Office for Special Political Affairs, United Nations, New York, NY 10017, USA" );; line 129930 (wfb::source-text telephone |United Nations Mission for the Referendum in Western Sahara (MINURSO)| "[1] (212) 963 1234" );; line 129933 (wfb::source-text fax |United Nations Mission for the Referendum in Western Sahara (MINURSO)| "[1] (212) 963 4879" );; line 129935 (wfb::source-text established |United Nations Mission for the Referendum in Western Sahara (MINURSO)| "29 April 1991" );; line 129937 (wfb::source-text aim |United Nations Mission for the Referendum in Western Sahara (MINURSO)| "to supervise the referendum in Western Sahara; established by the UN Security Council" );; line 129939 (wfb::source-text members |United Nations Mission for the Referendum in Western Sahara (MINURSO)| "(27) Argentina, Australia, Austria, Bangladesh, Belgium, Canada, China, Egypt, France, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Guinea, Honduras, Ireland, Italy, Kenya, Malaysia, Nigeria, Pakistan, Poland, Russia, Switzerland, Togo, Tunisia, US, Venezuela" );; line 129942 (wfb::source-text address |United Nations Observer Mission in El Salvador (ONUSAL)| "c/o UN Peace Keeping Missions, Office for Special Political Affairs, United Nations, New York, NY 10017, USA" );; line 129951 (wfb::source-text telephone |United Nations Observer Mission in El Salvador (ONUSAL)| "[1] (212) 963 1234" );; line 129954 (wfb::source-text fax |United Nations Observer Mission in El Salvador (ONUSAL)| "[1] (212) 963 4879" );; line 129956 (wfb::source-text established |United Nations Observer Mission in El Salvador (ONUSAL)| "20 May 1991" );; line 129958 (wfb::source-text aim |United Nations Observer Mission in El Salvador (ONUSAL)| "to verify ceasefire arrangements and to monitor the maintenance of public order pending the organization of a new National Civil Police; established by the UN Security Council" );; line 129960 (wfb::source-text members |United Nations Observer Mission in El Salvador (ONUSAL)| "(14) Argentina, Austria, Brazil, Canada, Chile, Colombia, France, Guyana, Ireland, Italy, Mexico, Spain, Sweden, Venezuela" );; line 129964 (wfb::source-text address |United Nations Observer Mission in Georgia (UNOMIG)| "c/o UN Peace Keeping Missions, Office for Special Political Affairs, United Nations, New York, NY 10017, USA" );; line 129971 (wfb::source-text telephone |United Nations Observer Mission in Georgia (UNOMIG)| "[1] (212) 963 1234" );; line 129974 (wfb::source-text fax |United Nations Observer Mission in Georgia (UNOMIG)| "[1] (212) 963 4879" );; line 129976 (wfb::source-text established |United Nations Observer Mission in Georgia (UNOMIG)| "1993 for a period of six months" );; line 129978 (wfb::source-text aim |United Nations Observer Mission in Georgia (UNOMIG)| "to verify compliance with the cease-fire agreement reached 27 July 1993 and investigate reports of violations of that agreement; established by the UN Security Council" );; line 129980 (wfb::source-text members |United Nations Observer Mission in Georgia (UNOMIG)| "(7) Bangladesh, Denmark, Germany, Hungary, Poland, Sweden, Switzerland" );; line 129984 (wfb::source-text address |United Nations Observer Mission Uganda-Rwanda (UNOMUR)| "c/o UN Peace Keeping Missions, Office for Special Political Affairs, United Nations, New York, NY 10017, USA" );; line 129991 (wfb::source-text telephone |United Nations Observer Mission Uganda-Rwanda (UNOMUR)| "[1] (212) 963 1234" );; line 129994 (wfb::source-text fax |United Nations Observer Mission Uganda-Rwanda (UNOMUR)| "[1] (212) 963 4879" );; line 129996 (wfb::source-text established |United Nations Observer Mission Uganda-Rwanda (UNOMUR)| "1993 for six months" );; line 129998 (wfb::source-text aim |United Nations Observer Mission Uganda-Rwanda (UNOMUR)| "to monitor the Uganda/Rwanda border to verify that no military assistance reaches Rwanda across the border; established by the UN Security Council" );; line 130000 (wfb::source-text members |United Nations Observer Mission Uganda-Rwanda (UNOMUR)| "(8) Bangladesh, Botswana, Brazil, Hungary, Netherlands, Senegal, Slovakia, Zimbabwe" );; line 130004 (wfb::source-text address |United Nations Office of the High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR)| "Case postale 2500, Depot, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland" );; line 130012 (wfb::source-text telephone |United Nations Office of the High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR)| "[41] (22) 739 81 11" );; line 130014 (wfb::source-text fax |United Nations Office of the High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR)| "[41] (22) 731 95 46" );; line 130016 (wfb::source-text established |United Nations Office of the High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR)| "3 December 1949" );; line 130018 (wfb::source-text effective |United Nations Office of the High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR)| "1 January 1951" );; line 130020 (wfb::source-text aim |United Nations Office of the High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR)| "to ensure the humanitarian treatment of refugees and find permanent solutions to refugee problems" );; line 130022 (wfb::source-text members |United Nations Office of the High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR)| "(47) Algeria, Argentina, Australia, Austria, Belgium, Brazil, Canada, China, Colombia, Denmark, Ethiopia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Holy See, Hungary, Iran, Israel, Italy, Japan, Lebanon, Lesotho, Madagascar, Morocco, Namibia, Netherlands, Nicaragua, Nigeria, Norway, Pakistan, Philippines, Somalia, Spain, Sudan, Sweden, Switzerland, Tanzania, Thailand, Tunisia, Turkey, Uganda, UK, US, Venezuela, Yugoslavia, Zaire" );; line 130025 (wfb::source-text note |United Nations Operation in Mozambique (UNOMOZ)| "supposed to shut down 31 January 1995" );; line 130036 (wfb::source-text address |United Nations Operation in Mozambique (UNOMOZ)| "c/o UN Peace Keeping Missions, Office for Special Political Affairs, United Nations, New York, NY 10017, USA" );; line 130038 (wfb::source-text telephone |United Nations Operation in Mozambique (UNOMOZ)| "[1] (212) 963 1234" );; line 130041 (wfb::source-text fax |United Nations Operation in Mozambique (UNOMOZ)| "[1] (212) 963 4879" );; line 130043 (wfb::source-text established |United Nations Operation in Mozambique (UNOMOZ)| "16 December 1992" );; line 130045 (wfb::source-text aim |United Nations Operation in Mozambique (UNOMOZ)| "to supervise the ceasefire; established by the UN Security Council" );; line 130047 (wfb::source-text members |United Nations Operation in Mozambique (UNOMOZ)| "(27) Argentina, Austria, Bangladesh, Botswana, Brazil, Canada, Cape Verde, China, Czech Republic, Egypt, Guinea-Bissau, Hungary, India, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Jordan, Malaysia, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Russia, Spain, Sweden, US, Uruguay, Zambia" );; line 130050 (wfb::source-text note |United Nations Operation in Somalia (UNOSOM II)| "UN peacekeepers left Somalia on 1 March 1995; some UN personnel remain in Somalia engaged in humanitarian work" );; line 130059 (wfb::source-text address |United Nations Operation in Somalia (UNOSOM II)| "c/o UN Peace Keeping Missions, Office for Special Political Affairs, United Nations, New York, NY 10017, USA" );; line 130062 (wfb::source-text telephone |United Nations Operation in Somalia (UNOSOM II)| "[1] (212) 963 1234" );; line 130065 (wfb::source-text fax |United Nations Operation in Somalia (UNOSOM II)| "[1] (212) 963 4879" );; line 130067 (wfb::source-text established |United Nations Operation in Somalia (UNOSOM II)| "24 April 1992" );; line 130069 (wfb::source-text aim |United Nations Operation in Somalia (UNOSOM II)| "to facilitate an immediate cessation of hostilities, to maintain a ceasefire in order to promote a political settlement, and to provide urgent humanitarian assistance; established by the UN Security Council" );; line 130071 (wfb::source-text members |United Nations Operation in Somalia (UNOSOM II)| "(14) Australia, Bangladesh, Botswana, Canada, Egypt, India, Ireland, Malaysia, Nepal, NZ, Nigeria, Pakistan, Romania, Zimbabwe" );; line 130075 (wfb::source-text note |United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA)| "acronym retained from predecessor organization UN Fund for Population Activities" );; line 130082 (wfb::source-text address |United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA)| "220 E. 42nd Street, 19th Floor, Room DN-1901, New York, NY 10017, USA" );; line 130085 (wfb::source-text telephone |United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA)| "[1] (212) 297 5000" );; line 130088 (wfb::source-text fax |United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA)| "[1] (212) 557 6416" );; line 130090 (wfb::source-text established |United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA)| "NA July 1967" );; line 130092 (wfb::source-text aim |United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA)| "to assist both developed and developing countries to deal with their population problems" );; line 130094 (wfb::source-text members |United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA)| "(52) selected on a rotating basis from all regions" );; line 130097 (wfb::source-text address |United Nations Protection Force (UNPROFOR)| "c/o UN Peace Keeping Mission, Office for Special Political Affairs, United Nations, New York, NY 10017, USA" );; line 130103 (wfb::source-text telephone |United Nations Protection Force (UNPROFOR)| "[1] (212) 963 1234" );; line 130106 (wfb::source-text fax |United Nations Protection Force (UNPROFOR)| "[1] (212) 963 4879" );; line 130108 (wfb::source-text established |United Nations Protection Force (UNPROFOR)| "28 February 1992" );; line 130110 (wfb::source-text aim |United Nations Protection Force (UNPROFOR)| "to create conditions for peace and security required for the negotiation of an overall settlement of the \"Yugoslav\" crisis; established by the UN Security Council" );; line 130112 (wfb::source-text members |United Nations Protection Force (UNPROFOR)| "(35) Argentina, Bangladesh, Belgium, Brazil, Canada, Colombia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Egypt, Finland, France, Ghana, Indonesia, Ireland, Jordan, Kenya, Malaysia, Nepal, Netherlands, NZ, Nigeria, Norway, Pakistan, Poland, Portugal, Russia, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Tunisia, Ukraine, UK, US, Venezuela" );; line 130116 (wfb::source-text address |United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East (UNRWA)| "Vienna International Center, P. O. Box 700, A-1400 Vienna, Austria" );; line 130127 (wfb::source-text telephone |United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East (UNRWA)| "[43] (1) 211 31, ext. 4530" );; line 130130 (wfb::source-text fax |United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East (UNRWA)| "[43] (1) 230 7487" );; line 130132 (wfb::source-text established |United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East (UNRWA)| "8 December 1949" );; line 130134 (wfb::source-text aim |United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East (UNRWA)| "to provide assistance to Palestinian refugees" );; line 130136 (wfb::source-text members |United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East (UNRWA)| "(10) Belgium, Egypt, France, Japan, Jordan, Lebanon, Syria, Turkey, UK, US" );; line 130138 (wfb::source-text established |United Nations Research Institute for Social Development (UNRISD)| "1 July 1964" );; line 130145 (wfb::source-text aim |United Nations Research Institute for Social Development (UNRISD)| "to conduct research into the problems of economic development during different phases of economic growth" );; line 130147 (wfb::source-text members |United Nations Research Institute for Social Development (UNRISD)| "no country members, but a Board of Directors consisting of a chairman appointed by the UN secretary general and 10 individual members" );; line 130150 (wfb::source-text address united_nations_secretariat "see United Nations" );; line 130157 (wfb::source-text established united_nations_secretariat "26 June 1945" );; line 130159 (wfb::source-text effective united_nations_secretariat "24 October 1945" );; line 130161 (wfb::source-text aim united_nations_secretariat "to serve as the primary administrative organ of the UN; a Secretary General is appointed for a five-year term by the General Assembly on the recommendation of the Security Council" );; line 130163 (wfb::source-text members united_nations_secretariat "the UN secretary general and staff" );; line 130167 (wfb::source-text address united_nations_security_council "c/o United Nations, New York, NY 10017, USA" );; line 130173 (wfb::source-text telephone united_nations_security_council "[1] (212) 963 1234" );; line 130175 (wfb::source-text fax united_nations_security_council "[1] (212) 758 2718" );; line 130177 (wfb::source-text established united_nations_security_council "26 June 1945" );; line 130179 (wfb::source-text effective united_nations_security_council "24 October 1945" );; line 130181 (wfb::source-text aim united_nations_security_council "to maintain international peace and security" );; line 130183 (wfb::source-text permanent_members united_nations_security_council "(5) China, France, Russia, UK, US" );; line 130185 (wfb::source-text nonpermanent_members united_nations_security_council "(10) elected for two-year terms by the UN General Assembly; Argentina (1994-95), Brazil (1993-94), Czech Republic (1994-95), Djibouti (1993-94), NZ (1993-94), Nigeria (1994-95), Oman (1994-95), Pakistan (1993-94), Rwanda (1994-95), Spain (1993-94)" );; line 130187 (wfb::source-text address |United Nations Truce Supervision Organization (UNTSO)| "Government House, P.O. Box 490, Jerusalem, Israel" );; line 130208 (wfb::source-text telephone |United Nations Truce Supervision Organization (UNTSO)| "[972] (2) 734 223" );; line 130210 (wfb::source-text established |United Nations Truce Supervision Organization (UNTSO)| "NA May 1948" );; line 130212 (wfb::source-text aim |United Nations Truce Supervision Organization (UNTSO)| "to supervise the 1948 Arab-Israeli ceasefire and subsequently extended to work in the Sinai, Lebanon, Jordan, Afghanistan, and Pakistan; initially established by the UN Security Council" );; line 130214 (wfb::source-text members |United Nations Truce Supervision Organization (UNTSO)| "(19) Argentina, Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, Chile, China, Denmark, Finland, France, Ireland, Italy, Netherlands, NZ, Norway, Russia, Sweden, Switzerland, US" );; line 130218 (wfb::source-text established |United Nations University (UNU)| "6 December 1973" );; line 130234 (wfb::source-text aim |United Nations University (UNU)| "to conduct research in development, welfare, and human survival and to train scholars" );; line 130236 (wfb::source-text |members (associated institutes)| |United Nations University (UNU)| "(32) Argentina, Australia, Bangladesh, Brazil, Canada, Chile, China, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ethiopia, France, Ghana, Guatemala, Hungary, Iceland, India, Japan, Kenya, South Korea, Mexico, Netherlands, Nigeria, Philippines, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Switzerland, Thailand, Trinidad and Tobago, UK, US, Venezuela" );; line 130239 (wfb::source-text address |Universal Postal Union (UPU)| "Bureau International de l’UPU, Weltpoststrasse 4, CH-3000 Berne 15, Switzerland" );; line 130249 (wfb::source-text telephone |Universal Postal Union (UPU)| "[41] (31) 350 31 11" );; line 130252 (wfb::source-text fax |Universal Postal Union (UPU)| "[41] (31) 350 31 10" );; line 130254 (wfb::source-text established |Universal Postal Union (UPU)| "9 October 1874, affiliated with the UN 15 November 1947" );; line 130256 (wfb::source-text effective |Universal Postal Union (UPU)| "1 July 1948" );; line 130258 (wfb::source-text aim |Universal Postal Union (UPU)| "to promote international postal cooperation; a UN specialized agency" );; line 130260 (wfb::source-text members |Universal Postal Union (UPU)| "(189) Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria, Angola, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Armenia, Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan, The Bahamas, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belarus, Belgium, Belize, Benin, Bhutan, Bolivia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Botswana, Brazil, Brunei, Bulgaria, Burkina, Burma, Burundi, Cambodia, Cameroon, Canada, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Chile, China, Colombia, Comoros, Congo, Costa Rica, Cote d'Ivoire, Croatia, Cuba, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Djibouti, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Estonia, Ethiopia, Fiji, Finland, France, Gabon, The Gambia, Georgia, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Grenada, Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, Holy See, Honduras, Hungary, Iceland, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kenya, Kiribati, North Korea, South Korea, Kuwait, Kyrgyzstan, Laos, Latvia, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Malta, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Moldova, Monaco, Mongolia, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Nauru, Nepal, Netherlands, Netherlands Antilles, NZ, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Norway, Oman, Overseas Territories of the UK, Pakistan, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Qatar, Romania, Russia, Rwanda, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, San Marino, Sao Tome and Principe, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Slovakia, Slovenia, Solomon Islands, Somalia, South Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Swaziland, Sweden, Switzerland, Syria, Tajikistan, Tanzania, Thailand, Togo, Tonga, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Tuvalu, Uganda, Ukraine, UAE, UK, US, Uruguay, Uzbekistan, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Vietnam, Western Samoa, Yemen, Yugoslavia (suspended), Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe" );; line 130263 (wfb::source-text note |West African Development Bank (WADB)| "also known as Banque Ouest-Africaine de Developpement (BOAD)" );; line 130301 (wfb::source-text address |West African Development Bank (WADB)| "BOAD, BP 1172, 68 av de la liberation, Lome, Togo" );; line 130303 (wfb::source-text telephone |West African Development Bank (WADB)| "[228] 21 59 06, 21 42 44, 21 01 13" );; line 130305 (wfb::source-text fax |West African Development Bank (WADB)| "[228] 21 52 67, 21 72 69" );; line 130307 (wfb::source-text established |West African Development Bank (WADB)| "14 November 1973" );; line 130309 (wfb::source-text aim |West African Development Bank (WADB)| "to promote regional economic development and integration" );; line 130311 (wfb::source-text members |West African Development Bank (WADB)| "(7) Benin, Burkina, Cote d'Ivoire, Mali, Niger, Senegal, Togo" );; line 130313 (wfb::source-text note |West African Economic Community (CEAO)| "acronym from Communaute Economique de l’Afrique de l’Ouest established on 3 June 1972 to promote regional economic development; its members were Benin, Burkina, Cote d'Ivoire, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, Senegal; it was disbanded in 1994" );; line 130319 (wfb::source-text address |Western European Union (WEU)| "Rue de la Regence 4, B-1000 Brussels, Belgium" );; line 130328 (wfb::source-text telephone |Western European Union (WEU)| "[32] (2) 500 44 11" );; line 130330 (wfb::source-text fax |Western European Union (WEU)| "[32] (2) 511 35 19" );; line 130332 (wfb::source-text established |Western European Union (WEU)| "23 October 1954" );; line 130334 (wfb::source-text effective |Western European Union (WEU)| "6 May 1955" );; line 130336 (wfb::source-text aim |Western European Union (WEU)| "to provide mutual defense and to move toward political unification" );; line 130338 (wfb::source-text members |Western European Union (WEU)| "(10) Belgium, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Portugal, Spain, UK" );; line 130341 (wfb::source-text associate_members |Western European Union (WEU)| "(3) Iceland, Norway, Turkey" );; line 130344 (wfb::source-text associate_partners |Western European Union (WEU)| "(9) Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Romania, Slovakia" );; line 130346 (wfb::source-text observers |Western European Union (WEU)| "(2) Denmark, Ireland" );; line 130349 (wfb::source-text see world_bank "International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD)" );; line 130355 (wfb::source-text address |World Confederation of Labor (WCL)| "Rue de Treves 33, B-1040 Brussels, Belgium" );; line 130367 (wfb::source-text telephone |World Confederation of Labor (WCL)| "[32] (2) 230 62 95" );; line 130369 (wfb::source-text fax |World Confederation of Labor (WCL)| "[32] (2) 230 87 22" );; line 130371 (wfb::source-text established |World Confederation of Labor (WCL)| "19 June 1920 as the International Federation of Christian Trade Unions (IFCTU), renamed 4 October 1968" );; line 130373 (wfb::source-text aim |World Confederation of Labor (WCL)| "to promote the trade union movement" );; line 130376 (wfb::source-text members |World Confederation of Labor (WCL)| "(99 national organizations) Algeria, Angola, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Aruba, Austria, Bangladesh, Belgium, Belize, Benin, Bolivia, Bonaire Island, Botswana, Brazil, Burkina, Cameroon, Canada, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cote d'Ivoire, Cuba, Curacao, Cyprus, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, France, French Guiana, Gabon, The Gambia, Ghana, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Guatemala, Guinea, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Hong Kong, Indonesia, Iran, Italy, Jamaica, Kenya, Lesotho, Liberia, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, Madagascar, Malaysia, Mali, Malta, Martinique, Mauritius, Mexico, Montserrat, Namibia, Netherlands, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Pakistan, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Puerto Rico, Romania, Rwanda, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Martin, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Spain, Sri Lanka, Suriname, Switzerland, Taiwan, Tanzania, Thailand, Togo, UK, US, Uruguay, Venezuela, Vietnam, Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe" );; line 130378 (wfb::source-text see world_court "International Court of Justice (ICJ)" );; line 130397 (wfb::source-text address |World Federation of Trade Unions (WFTU)| "Branicka 112, Branik, CS-14700 Prague 4, Czech Republic" );; line 130403 (wfb::source-text telephone |World Federation of Trade Unions (WFTU)| "[42] (2) 46 21 40" );; line 130405 (wfb::source-text fax |World Federation of Trade Unions (WFTU)| "[42] (2) 46 13 78" );; line 130407 (wfb::source-text established |World Federation of Trade Unions (WFTU)| "3 October 1945" );; line 130409 (wfb::source-text aim |World Federation of Trade Unions (WFTU)| "to promote the trade union movement" );; line 130411 (wfb::source-text members |World Federation of Trade Unions (WFTU)| "(116) Afghanistan, Albania, Angola, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Australia, Austria, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Benin, Bolivia, Botswana, Brazil, Bulgaria, Burkina, Cambodia, Cameroon, Canada, Chile, Colombia, Congo, Costa Rica, Cote d'Ivoire, Cuba, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Djibouti, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Fiji, Finland, France, French Guiana, The Gambia, Ghana, Greece, Guadeloupe, Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Hungary, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, North Korea, Kuwait, Laos, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Mali, Martinique, Mauritius, Mexico, Mongolia, Mozambique, Nepal, New Caledonia, NZ, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Oman, Pakistan, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Puerto Rico, Reunion, Romania, Saint Lucia, Saint Pierre and Miquelon, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Solomon Islands, Somalia, South Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Sweden, Syria, Tanzania, Thailand, Togo, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Uganda, Uruguay, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Vietnam, Yemen, Zaire, Zimbabwe" );; line 130413 (wfb::source-text address |World Food Council (WFC)| "c/o FAO, Via Terme di Caracalla, I-00100 Rome, Italy" );; line 130434 (wfb::source-text telephone |World Food Council (WFC)| "[39] (6) 522821" );; line 130436 (wfb::source-text fax |World Food Council (WFC)| "[39] (6) 574 5091" );; line 130438 (wfb::source-text established |World Food Council (WFC)| "17 December 1974" );; line 130440 (wfb::source-text aim |World Food Council (WFC)| "to study world food problems and to recommend solutions; ECOSOC organization" );; line 130442 (wfb::source-text members |World Food Council (WFC)| "(36) selected on a rotating basis from all regions" );; line 130445 (wfb::source-text address |World Food Program (WFP)| "Via Cristoforo Colombo 426, I-00145 Rome, Italy" );; line 130451 (wfb::source-text telephone |World Food Program (WFP)| "[39] (6) 522821" );; line 130453 (wfb::source-text fax |World Food Program (WFP)| "[39] (6) 5123700, 5133537, 52282840" );; line 130455 (wfb::source-text established |World Food Program (WFP)| "24 November 1961" );; line 130457 (wfb::source-text aim |World Food Program (WFP)| "to provide food aid in support of economic development or disaster relief; an ECOSOC organization" );; line 130459 (wfb::source-text members |World Food Program (WFP)| "(41) selected on a rotating basis from all regions" );; line 130462 (wfb::source-text address |World Health Organization (WHO)| "CH-1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland" );; line 130468 (wfb::source-text telephone |World Health Organization (WHO)| "[41] (22) 791 21 11, 791 32 23" );; line 130470 (wfb::source-text fax |World Health Organization (WHO)| "[41] (22) 791 07 46" );; line 130472 (wfb::source-text established |World Health Organization (WHO)| "22 July 1946" );; line 130474 (wfb::source-text effective |World Health Organization (WHO)| "7 April 1948" );; line 130476 (wfb::source-text aim |World Health Organization (WHO)| "UN specialized agency concerned with health matters" );; line 130478 (wfb::source-text members |World Health Organization (WHO)| "(189) Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria, Angola, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Armenia, Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan, The Bahamas, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belarus, Belgium, Belize, Benin, Bhutan, Bolivia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Botswana, Brazil, Brunei, Bulgaria, Burkina, Burma, Burundi, Cambodia, Cameroon, Canada, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Chile, China, Colombia, Comoros, Congo, Cook Islands, Costa Rica, Cote d'Ivoire, Croatia, Cuba, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Djibouti, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Estonia, Ethiopia, Fiji, Finland, France, Gabon, The Gambia, Georgia, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Grenada, Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Hungary, Iceland, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kenya, Kiribati, North Korea, South Korea, Kuwait, Kyrgyzstan, Laos, Latvia, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, Lithuania, Luxembourg, The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Malta, Marshall Islands, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Federated States of Micronesia, Moldova, Monaco, Mongolia, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Nepal, Netherlands, NZ, Nicaragua, Niue, Niger, Nigeria, Norway, Oman, Pakistan, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Qatar, Romania, Russia, Rwanda, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, San Marino, Sao Tome and Principe, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Slovakia, Slovenia, Solomon Islands, Somalia, South Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Swaziland, Sweden, Switzerland, Syria, Tajikistan, Tanzania, Thailand, Togo, Tonga, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Tuvalu, Uganda, Ukraine, UAE, UK, US, Uruguay, Uzbekistan, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Vietnam, Western Samoa, Yemen, Yugoslavia (suspended), Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe" );; line 130480 (wfb::source-text associate_members |World Health Organization (WHO)| "(2) Puerto Rico, Tokelau" );; line 130507 (wfb::source-text address |World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO)| "34 chemin des Colombettes, Case Postale 18, CH-1211 Geneva 20, Switzerland" );; line 130513 (wfb::source-text telephone |World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO)| "[41] (22) 730 9111" );; line 130516 (wfb::source-text fax |World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO)| "[41] (22) 733 5428" );; line 130518 (wfb::source-text established |World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO)| "14 July 1967" );; line 130520 (wfb::source-text effective |World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO)| "26 April 1970" );; line 130522 (wfb::source-text aim |World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO)| "to furnish protection for literary, artistic, and scientific works; a UN specialized agency" );; line 130524 (wfb::source-text members |World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO)| "(147) Albania, Algeria, Angola, Argentina, Armenia, Australia, Austria, The Bahamas, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belarus, Belgium, Benin, Bhutan, Bolivia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Brazil, Brunei, Bulgaria, Burkina, Burundi, Cameroon, Canada, Central African Republic, Chad, Chile, China, Colombia, Congo, Costa Rica, Cote d'Ivoire, Croatia, Cuba, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Estonia, Fiji, Finland, France, Gabon, The Gambia, Georgia, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Haiti, Holy See, Honduras, Hungary, Iceland, India, Indonesia, Iraq, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kenya, North Korea, South Korea, Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Malta, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Moldova, Monaco, Mongolia, Morocco, Namibia, Netherlands, NZ, Nicaragua, Niger, Norway, Pakistan, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Qatar, Romania, Russia, Rwanda, Saint Lucia, San Marino, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Slovakia, Slovenia, Somalia, South Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Swaziland, Sweden, Switzerland, Tajikistan, Tanzania, Thailand, Togo, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Uganda, Ukraine, UAE, UK, US, Uruguay, Uzbekistan, Venezuela, Vietnam, Yemen, Yugoslavia (suspended), Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe" );; line 130527 (wfb::source-text address |World Meteorological Organization (WMO)| "Case Postale 2300, 41 Av Giuseppe-Motta, CH-1211 Geneva 2, Switzerland" );; line 130551 (wfb::source-text telephone |World Meteorological Organization (WMO)| "[41] (22) 730 81 11" );; line 130554 (wfb::source-text fax |World Meteorological Organization (WMO)| "[41] (22) 734 23 26" );; line 130556 (wfb::source-text established |World Meteorological Organization (WMO)| "11 October 1947" );; line 130558 (wfb::source-text effective |World Meteorological Organization (WMO)| "4 April 1951" );; line 130560 (wfb::source-text aim |World Meteorological Organization (WMO)| "to sponsor meteorological cooperation; a specialized UN agency" );; line 130562 (wfb::source-text members |World Meteorological Organization (WMO)| "(175) Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria, Angola, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Armenia, Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan, The Bahamas, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belarus, Belgium, Belize, Benin, Bolivia, Botswana, Brazil, British Caribbean Territories, Brunei, Bulgaria, Burkina, Burma, Burundi, Cambodia, Cameroon, Canada, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Chile, China, Colombia, Comoros, Congo, Costa Rica, Cote d'Ivoire, Croatia, Cuba, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Djibouti, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Eritrea, Estonia, Ethiopia, Fiji, Finland, France, French Polynesia, Gabon, The Gambia, Georgia, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Hong Kong, Hungary, Iceland, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kenya, North Korea, South Korea, Kuwait, Laos, Latvia, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, Lithuania, Luxembourg, The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Malta, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Mongolia, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Nepal, Netherlands, Netherlands Antilles, New Caledonia, NZ, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Norway, Oman, Pakistan, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Qatar, Romania, Russia, Rwanda, Saint Lucia, Sao Tome and Principe, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Slovakia, Slovenia, Solomon Islands, Somalia, South Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Swaziland, Sweden, Switzerland, Syria, Tajikistan, Tanzania, Thailand, Togo, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Uganda, Ukraine, UAE, UK, US, Uruguay, Uzbekistan, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Vietnam, Yemen, Yugoslavia (suspended), Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe" );; line 130564 (wfb::source-text address |World Tourism Organization (WTO or WToO)| "Calle Capitan Haya 41, 28020 Madrid, Spain" );; line 130593 (wfb::source-text telephone |World Tourism Organization (WTO or WToO)| "[34] (1) 571 06 28" );; line 130595 (wfb::source-text fax |World Tourism Organization (WTO or WToO)| "[34] (1) 571 37 33" );; line 130597 (wfb::source-text established |World Tourism Organization (WTO or WToO)| "2 January 1975" );; line 130599 (wfb::source-text aim |World Tourism Organization (WTO or WToO)| "to promote tourism as a means of contributing to economic development, international understanding, and peace" );; line 130601 (wfb::source-text members |World Tourism Organization (WTO or WToO)| "(121) Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria, Angola, Argentina, Austria, Bangladesh, Belgium, Benin, Bolivia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Brazil, Bulgaria, Burkina, Burundi, Cambodia, Cameroon, Canada, Chad, Chile, China, Colombia, Congo, Cote d'Ivoire, Croatia, Cuba, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Ethiopia, Finland, France, Gabon, The Gambia, Georgia, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Grenada, Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Haiti, Hungary, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kenya, North Korea, South Korea, Kuwait, Kyrgyzstan, Laos, Lebanon, Lesotho, Libya, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Malta, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Moldova, Mongolia, Morocco, Nepal, Netherlands, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Pakistan, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Rwanda, San Marino, Sao Tome and Principe, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Switzerland, Syria, Tanzania, Togo, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Uganda, UAE, US, Uruguay, Uzbekistan, Venezuela, Vietnam, Yemen, Yugoslavia (suspended), Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe" );; line 130604 (wfb::source-text associate_members |World Tourism Organization (WTO or WToO)| "(4) Aruba, Macau, Netherlands Antilles, Puerto Rico" );; line 130621 (wfb::source-text observer |World Tourism Organization (WTO or WToO)| "(1) Holy See" );; line 130623 (wfb::source-text established |Zangger Committee (ZC)| "early 1970s" );; line 130633 (wfb::source-text aim |Zangger Committee (ZC)| "to establish guidelines for the export control provisions of the nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty" );; line 130635 (wfb::source-text members |Zangger Committee (ZC)| "(29) Australia, Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Canada, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, South Africa, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, UK, US" );; line 130638 (wfb::source-text documentation abbreviations_for_selected_international_environmental_agreements "Note: Not all of the selected international environmental agreements have abbreviations." );; line 130769 (wfb::source-text see air_pollution "Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution" );; line 130778 (wfb::source-text see air_pollution-nitrogen_oxides "Protocol to the 1979 Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution concerning the Control of Emissions of Nitrogen Oxides or Their Transboundary Fluxes" );; line 130784 (wfb::source-text see air_pollution-sulphur_85 "Protocol to the 1979 Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution on the Reduction of Sulphur Emissions or their Transboundary Fluxes by at least 30%" );; line 130792 (wfb::source-text see air_pollution-sulphur_94 "Protocol to the 1979 Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution on Further Reduction of Sulphur Emissions" );; line 130800 (wfb::source-text see air_pollution-volatile_organic_compounds "Protocol to the 1979 Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution concerning the Control of Emissions of Volatile Organic Compounds or Their Transboundary Fluxes" );; line 130807 (wfb::source-text see antarctic-environmental_protocol "Protocol on Environmental Protection to the Antarctic Treaty" );; line 130815 (wfb::source-text opened_for_signature antarctic_treaty "1 December 1959" );; line 130821 (wfb::source-text entered_into_force antarctic_treaty "23 June 1961" );; line 130823 (wfb::source-text objective antarctic_treaty "to ensure that Antarctica is used for peaceful purposes, such as, for international cooperation in scientific research, and that it does not become the scene or object of international discord" );; line 130825 (wfb::source-text parties antarctic_treaty "(42) Argentina, Australia, Austria, Belgium, Brazil, Bulgaria, Canada, Chile, China, Colombia, Cuba, Czech Republic, Denmark, Ecuador, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Guatemala, Hungary, India, Italy, Japan, North Korea, South Korea, Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Papua New Guinea, Peru, Poland, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, South Africa, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine, United Kingdom, United States, Uruguay" );; line 130829 (wfb::source-text note basel_convention_on_the_control_of_transboundary_movements_of_hazardous_wastes_and_their_disposal "abbreviated as Hazardous Wastes" );; line 130841 (wfb::source-text opened_for_signature basel_convention_on_the_control_of_transboundary_movements_of_hazardous_wastes_and_their_disposal "22 March 1989" );; line 130843 (wfb::source-text entered_into_force basel_convention_on_the_control_of_transboundary_movements_of_hazardous_wastes_and_their_disposal "5 May 1992" );; line 130845 (wfb::source-text objective basel_convention_on_the_control_of_transboundary_movements_of_hazardous_wastes_and_their_disposal "to reduce transboundary movements of wastes subject to the Convention to a minimum consistent with the environmentally sound and efficient management of such wastes; to minimize the amount and toxicity of wastes generated and ensure their environmentally sound management as closely as possible to the source of generation; and to assist LDCs in environmentally sound management of the hazardous and other wastes they generate" );; line 130847 (wfb::source-text parties basel_convention_on_the_control_of_transboundary_movements_of_hazardous_wastes_and_their_disposal "(81) Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Australia, Austria, The Bahamas, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Belgium, Brazil, Canada, Chile, China, Comoros, Cote d’Ivoire, Croatia, Cuba, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Estonia, European Union, Finland, France, Greece, Hungary, India, Indonesia, Iran, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Japan, Jordan, South Korea, Kuwait, Latvia, Lebanon, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives, Mauritius, Mexico, Monaco, Netherlands, New Zealand, Nigeria, Norway, Pakistan, Panama, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Seychelles, Slovakia, Slovenia, South Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sweden, Switzerland, Syria, Tanzania, Trinidad and Tobago, Turkey, United Arab Emirates, United Kingdom, Uruguay, Zaire, Zambia" );; line 130854 (wfb::source-text |countries that have signed, but not yet ratified| basel_convention_on_the_control_of_transboundary_movements_of_hazardous_wastes_and_their_disposal "(9) Afghanistan, Bolivia, Colombia, Germany, Guatemala, Haiti, Thailand, United States, Venezuela" );; line 130867 (wfb::source-text see biodiversity "Convention on Biological Diversity" );; line 130874 (wfb::source-text note convention_on_biological_diversity "abbreviated as Biodiversity" );; line 130880 (wfb::source-text opened_for_signature convention_on_biological_diversity "5 June 1992" );; line 130882 (wfb::source-text entered_into_force convention_on_biological_diversity "29 December 1993" );; line 130884 (wfb::source-text objective convention_on_biological_diversity "to develop national strategies for the conservation and sustainable use of biological diversity" );; line 130886 (wfb::source-text parties convention_on_biological_diversity "(111) Albania, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Armenia, Australia, Austria, The Bahamas, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belarus, Belize, Benin, Bolivia, Brazil, Burkina, Burma, Cameroon, Canada, Chad, Chile, China, Colombia, Comoros, Cook Islands, Costa Rica, Cote d’Ivoire, Cuba, Czech Republic, Denmark, Djibouti, Dominica, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Estonia, Ethiopia, European Union, Fiji, Finland, France, Gambia, Georgia, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Grenada, Guinea, Guyana, Hungary, Iceland, India, Indonesia, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kenya, Kiribati, North Korea, South Korea, Lebanon, Lesotho, Luxembourg, Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives, Marshall Islands, Mauritius, Mexico, Federated States of Micronesia, Monaco, Mongolia, Nauru, Nepal, Netherlands, New Zealand, Nigeria, Norway, Pakistan, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Portugal, Romania, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, San Marino, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Slovakia, Spain, Sri Lanka, Swaziland, Sweden, Switzerland, Tunisia, Uganda, United Kingdom, Uruguay, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Vietnam, Western Samoa, Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe" );; line 130889 (wfb::source-text |countries that have signed, but not yet ratified| convention_on_biological_diversity "(64) Afghanistan, Algeria, Angola, Azerbaijan, Bahrain, Belgium, Bhutan, Botswana, Bulgaria, Burundi, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Congo, Croatia, Cyprus, Dominican Republic, Gabon, Guatemala, Guinea-Bissau, Haiti, Honduras, Iran, Ireland, Israel, Kuwait, Latvia, Liberia, Libya, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Madagascar, Mali, Malta, Mauritania, Moldova, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Nicaragua, Niger, Oman, Poland, Qatar, Russia, Rwanda, Sao Tome and Principe, Singapore, Slovenia, Solomon Islands, South Africa, Sudan, Suriname, Syria, Tanzania, Thailand, Togo, Trinidad and Tobago, Turkey, Tuvalu, Ukraine, United Arab Emirates, United States, Yemen, former Yugoslavia" );; line 130905 (wfb::source-text see climate_change "United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change" );; line 130919 (wfb::source-text note convention_on_fishing_and_conservation_of_living_resources_of_the_high_seas "abbreviated as Marine Life Conservation" );; line 130926 (wfb::source-text opened_for_signature convention_on_fishing_and_conservation_of_living_resources_of_the_high_seas "29 April 1958" );; line 130928 (wfb::source-text entered_into_force convention_on_fishing_and_conservation_of_living_resources_of_the_high_seas "20 March 1966" );; line 130930 (wfb::source-text objective convention_on_fishing_and_conservation_of_living_resources_of_the_high_seas "to solve through international cooperation the problems involved in the conservation of living resources of the high seas, considering that because of the development of modern technology some of these resources are in danger of being overexploited" );; line 130932 (wfb::source-text parties convention_on_fishing_and_conservation_of_living_resources_of_the_high_seas "(37) Australia, Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Burkina, Cambodia, Colombia, Denmark, Dominican Republic, Fiji, Finland, France, Haiti, Jamaica, Kenya, Lesotho, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Mauritius, Mexico, Netherlands, Nigeria, Portugal, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Solomon Islands, South Africa, Spain, Switzerland, Thailand, Tonga, Trinidad and Tobago, Uganda, United Kingdom, United States, Venezuela, former Yugoslavia" );; line 130937 (wfb::source-text |countries that have signed, but not yet ratified| convention_on_fishing_and_conservation_of_living_resources_of_the_high_seas "(21) Afghanistan, Argentina, Bolivia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Ghana, Iceland, Indonesia, Iran, Ireland, Israel, Lebanon, Liberia, Nepal, New Zealand, Pakistan, Panama, Sri Lanka, Taiwan (Canada signed on behalf of Taiwan), Tunisia, Uruguay" );; line 130944 (wfb::source-text note convention_on_long-range_transboundary_air_pollution "abbreviated as Air Pollution" );; line 130953 (wfb::source-text opened_for_signature convention_on_long-range_transboundary_air_pollution "13 November 1979" );; line 130955 (wfb::source-text entered_into_force convention_on_long-range_transboundary_air_pollution "16 March 1983" );; line 130957 (wfb::source-text objective convention_on_long-range_transboundary_air_pollution "to protect the human environment against air pollution and to gradually reduce and prevent air pollution, including long-range transboundary air pollution" );; line 130959 (wfb::source-text parties convention_on_long-range_transboundary_air_pollution "(39) Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Canada, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, European Union, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, Ukraine, United Kingdom, United States, former Yugoslavia" );; line 130963 (wfb::source-text |countries that have signed, but not yet ratified| convention_on_long-range_transboundary_air_pollution "(2) Holy See, San Marino" );; line 130970 (wfb::source-text note |Convention on the International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Flora and Fauna (CITES)| "abbreviated as Endangered Species" );; line 130977 (wfb::source-text opened_for_signature |Convention on the International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Flora and Fauna (CITES)| "3 March 1973" );; line 130979 (wfb::source-text entered_into_force |Convention on the International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Flora and Fauna (CITES)| "1 July 1975" );; line 130981 (wfb::source-text objective |Convention on the International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Flora and Fauna (CITES)| "to protect certain endangered species from overexploitation by means of a system of import/export permits" );; line 130983 (wfb::source-text parties |Convention on the International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Flora and Fauna (CITES)| "(130) Afghanistan, Algeria, Argentina, Australia, Austria, The Bahamas, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belgium, Belize, Benin, Bolivia, Botswana, Brazil, Brunei, Bulgaria, Burkina, Burundi, Cameroon, Canada, Central African Republic, Chad, Chile, China, Colombia, Comoros, Congo, Costa Rica, Cote d’Ivoire, Cuba, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Djibouti, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Estonia, Ethiopia, Finland, France, Gabon, The Gambia, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Honduras, Hungary, India, Indonesia, Iran, Israel, Italy, Japan, Jordan, Kenya, Kiribati, South Korea, Liechtenstein, Liberia, Luxembourg, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Mali, Malta, Mauritius, Mexico, Monaco, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Nepal, Netherlands, New Zealand, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Norway, Pakistan, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Rwanda, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Slovakia, Somalia, South Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Sweden, Switzerland, Tanzania, Thailand, Togo, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Tuvalu, Uganda, United Arab Emirates, United Kingdom, United States, Uruguay, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Vietnam, Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe" );; line 130986 (wfb::source-text |countries that have signed, but not yet ratified| |Convention on the International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Flora and Fauna (CITES)| "(5) Cambodia, Ireland, Kuwait, Lesotho, Vietnam" );; line 131005 (wfb::source-text note |Convention on the Prevention of Marine Pollution by Dumping Wastes and Other Matter (London Convention)| "abbreviated as Marine Dumping" );; line 131012 (wfb::source-text opened_for_signature |Convention on the Prevention of Marine Pollution by Dumping Wastes and Other Matter (London Convention)| "29 December 1972" );; line 131014 (wfb::source-text entered_into_force |Convention on the Prevention of Marine Pollution by Dumping Wastes and Other Matter (London Convention)| "30 August 1975" );; line 131016 (wfb::source-text objective |Convention on the Prevention of Marine Pollution by Dumping Wastes and Other Matter (London Convention)| "to control pollution of the sea by dumping and to encourage regional agreements supplementary to the Convention" );; line 131018 (wfb::source-text parties |Convention on the Prevention of Marine Pollution by Dumping Wastes and Other Matter (London Convention)| "(76) Afghanistan, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Australia, Barbados, Belarus, Belgium, Belize, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Brazil, Canada, Cape Verde, Chile, China, Costa Rica, Cote d'Ivoire, Croatia, Cuba, Cyprus, Denmark, Dominican Republic, Egypt, European Union, Finland, France, Gabon, Germany, Greece, Guatemala, Haiti, Honduras, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Kenya, Kiribati, Libya, Luxembourg, Malta, Mexico, Monaco, Morocco, Nauru, Netherlands, New Zealand, Nigeria, Norway, Oman, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Russia, Saint Lucia, Seychelles, Slovenia, Solomon Islands, South Africa, Spain, Suriname, Sweden, Switzerland, Tunisia, Tuvalu, Ukraine, United Arab Emirates, United Kingdom, United States, Vanuatu, former Yugoslavia, Zaire" );; line 131021 (wfb::source-text note convention_on_the_prohibition_of_military_or_any_other_hostile_use_of_environmental_modification_techniques "abbreviated as Environmental Modification" );; line 131038 (wfb::source-text opened_for_signature convention_on_the_prohibition_of_military_or_any_other_hostile_use_of_environmental_modification_techniques "10 December 1976" );; line 131040 (wfb::source-text entered_into_force convention_on_the_prohibition_of_military_or_any_other_hostile_use_of_environmental_modification_techniques "5 October 1978" );; line 131042 (wfb::source-text objective convention_on_the_prohibition_of_military_or_any_other_hostile_use_of_environmental_modification_techniques "to prohibit the military or other hostile use of environmental modification techniques in order to further world peace and trust among nations" );; line 131044 (wfb::source-text parties convention_on_the_prohibition_of_military_or_any_other_hostile_use_of_environmental_modification_techniques "(63) Afghanistan, Algeria, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Australia, Austria, Bangladesh, Belarus, Belgium, Benin, Brazil, Bulgaria, Canada, Cape Verde, Chile, Cuba, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Dominica, Egypt, Finland, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Guatemala, Hungary, India, Ireland, Italy, Japan, North Korea, South Korea, Kuwait, Laos, Malawi, Mauritius, Mongolia, Netherlands, New Zealand, Niger, Norway, Pakistan, Papua New Guinea, Poland, Romania, Russia, Saint Lucia, Sao Tome and Principe, Slovakia, Solomon Islands, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sweden, Switzerland, Tunisia, Ukraine, United Kingdom, United States, Uruguay, Uzbekistan, Vietnam, Yemen" );; line 131047 (wfb::source-text |countries that have signed, but not yet ratified| convention_on_the_prohibition_of_military_or_any_other_hostile_use_of_environmental_modification_techniques "(17) Bolivia, Ethiopia, Holy See, Iceland, Iran, Iraq, Lebanon, Liberia, Luxembourg, Morocco, Nicaragua, Portugal, Sierra Leone, Syria, Turkey, Uganda, Zaire" );; line 131057 (wfb::source-text note |Convention on Wetlands of International Importance Especially As Waterfowl Habitat (Ramsar)| "abbreviated as Wetlands" );; line 131066 (wfb::source-text opened_for_signature |Convention on Wetlands of International Importance Especially As Waterfowl Habitat (Ramsar)| "2 February 1971" );; line 131068 (wfb::source-text entered_into_force |Convention on Wetlands of International Importance Especially As Waterfowl Habitat (Ramsar)| "21 December 1975" );; line 131070 (wfb::source-text objective |Convention on Wetlands of International Importance Especially As Waterfowl Habitat (Ramsar)| "to stem the progressive encroachment on and loss of wetlands now and in the future, recognizing the fundamental ecological functions of wetlands and their economic, cultural, scientific, and recreational value" );; line 131072 (wfb::source-text parties |Convention on Wetlands of International Importance Especially As Waterfowl Habitat (Ramsar)| "(83) Algeria, Argentina, Armenia, Australia, Austria, Bangladesh, Belgium, Bolivia, Brazil, Bulgaria, Burkina, Canada, Chad, Chile, China, Costa Rica, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Ecuador, Egypt, Estonia, Finland, France, Gabon, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Honduras, Hungary, Iceland, India, Indonesia, Iran, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Jordan, Kenya, Lesotho, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Mali, Malta, Mauritania, Mexico, Morocco, Netherlands, New Zealand, Niger, Norway, Pakistan, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Senegal, Slovakia, Slovenia, South Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka, Suriname, Sweden, Switzerland, Trinadad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Uganda, United Kingdom, United States, Uruguay, Venezuela, Vietnam, former Yugoslavia, Zambia" );; line 131076 (wfb::source-text see desertification "United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification in those Countries Experiencing Serious Drought and/or Desertification, Particularly in Africa" );; line 131092 (wfb::source-text see endangered_species "Convention on the International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Flora and Fauna (CITES)" );; line 131100 (wfb::source-text see environmental_modification "Convention on the Prohibition of Military or Any Other Hostile Use of Environmental Modification Techniques" );; line 131107 (wfb::source-text see hazardous_wastes "Basel Convention on the Control of Transboundary Movements of Hazardous Wastes and Their Disposal" );; line 131114 (wfb::source-text note international_convention_for_the_regulation_of_whaling "abbreviated as Whaling" );; line 131121 (wfb::source-text opened_for_signature international_convention_for_the_regulation_of_whaling "2 December 1946" );; line 131123 (wfb::source-text entered_into_force international_convention_for_the_regulation_of_whaling "10 November 1948" );; line 131125 (wfb::source-text objective international_convention_for_the_regulation_of_whaling "to protect all species of whales from overfishing; to establish a system of international regulation for the whale fisheries to ensure proper conservation and development of whale stocks; and to safeguard for future generations the great natural resources represented by whale stocks" );; line 131127 (wfb::source-text parties international_convention_for_the_regulation_of_whaling "(39) Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Australia, Brazil, Chile, China, Costa Rica, Denmark, Dominica, Finland, France, Germany, Grenada, India, Ireland, Japan, Kenya, South Korea, Mexico, Monaco, Netherlands (Netherlands also extended the convention to Netherlands Antilles), New Zealand, Norway, Oman, Peru, Russia, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Senegal, Seychelles (withdrawing effective 30 June 1995), Solomon Islands, South Africa, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, United Kingdom, United States, Venezuela" );; line 131132 (wfb::source-text |countries that have signed, but not yet ratified| international_convention_for_the_regulation_of_whaling "(1) Austria" );; line 131141 (wfb::source-text former_parties international_convention_for_the_regulation_of_whaling "(10) Belize, Canada, Ecuador, Egypt, Iceland, Jamaica, Mauritius, Panama, Philippines, Uruguay" );; line 131143 (wfb::source-text note |International Tropical Timber Agreement, 1983| "abbreviated as Tropical Timber 83" );; line 131150 (wfb::source-text opened_for_signature |International Tropical Timber Agreement, 1983| "18 November 1983" );; line 131152 (wfb::source-text entered_into_force |International Tropical Timber Agreement, 1983| "1 April 1985; this agreement will expire when the International Tropical Timber Ageement, 1994 goes into force" );; line 131154 (wfb::source-text objective |International Tropical Timber Agreement, 1983| "to provide an effective framework for cooperation between tropical timber producers and consumers and to encourage the development of national policies aimed at sustainable utilization and conservation of tropical forests and their genetic resources" );; line 131157 (wfb::source-text parties |International Tropical Timber Agreement, 1983| "(52) Australia, Austria, Belgium, Bolivia, Brazil, Burma, Cameroon, Canada, China, Colombia, Congo, Cote d’Ivoire, Denmark, Ecuador, Egypt, European Union, Finland, France, Gabon, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Guyana, Honduras, India, Indonesia, Ireland, Italy, Japan, South Korea, Liberia, Luxembourg, Malaysia, Nepal, Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Peru, Philippines, Portugal, Russia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Thailand, Togo, Trinidad and Tobago, United Kingdom, United States, Zaire" );; line 131162 (wfb::source-text note |International Tropical Timber Agreement, 1994| "abbreviated as Tropical Timber 94" );; line 131174 (wfb::source-text opened_for_signature |International Tropical Timber Agreement, 1994| "26 January 1994, but not yet in force" );; line 131176 (wfb::source-text objective |International Tropical Timber Agreement, 1994| "to ensure that by the year 2000 exports of tropical timber originate from sustainably managed sources; to establish a fund to assist tropical timber producers in obtaining the resources necessary to reach this objective" );; line 131178 (wfb::source-text parties |International Tropical Timber Agreement, 1994| "(3) Fiji, Japan, Liberia" );; line 131182 (wfb::source-text |countries that have signed, but not yet ratified| |International Tropical Timber Agreement, 1994| "(11) Cameroon, Congo, Ecuador, Egypt, Gabon, Indonesia, Norway, Panama, Peru, Togo, United States" );; line 131184 (wfb::source-text see law_of_the_sea "United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (LOS)" );; line 131191 (wfb::source-text see marine_dumping "Convention on the Prevention of Marine Pollution by Dumping Wastes and Other Matter (London Convention)" );; line 131197 (wfb::source-text see marine_life_conservation "Convention on Fishing and Conservation of Living Resources of the High Seas" );; line 131204 (wfb::source-text note montreal_protocol_on_substances_that_deplete_the_ozone_layer "abbreviated as Ozone Layer Protection" );; line 131211 (wfb::source-text opened_for_signature montreal_protocol_on_substances_that_deplete_the_ozone_layer "16 September 1987" );; line 131213 (wfb::source-text entered_into_force montreal_protocol_on_substances_that_deplete_the_ozone_layer "1 January 1989" );; line 131215 (wfb::source-text objective montreal_protocol_on_substances_that_deplete_the_ozone_layer "to protect the ozone layer by controling emissions of substances that deplete it" );; line 131217 (wfb::source-text parties montreal_protocol_on_substances_that_deplete_the_ozone_layer "(148) Algeria, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Australia, Austria, The Bahamas, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belarus, Belgium, Benin, Bolivia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Botswana, Brazil, Brunei, Bulgaria, Burkina, Burma, Cameroon, Canada, Central African Republic, Chad, Chile, China, Colombia, Comoros, Congo, Costa Rica, Cote d'Ivoire, Croatia, Cuba, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Ethiopia, European Union, Fiji, Finland, France, Gabon, The Gambia, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Grenada, Guatemala, Guinea, Guyana, Honduras, Hungary, Iceland, India, Indonesia, Iran, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Kenya, Kiribati, North Korea, South Korea, Kuwait, Lebanon, Lesotho, Libya, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Malta, Marshall Islands, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Monaco, Mozambique, Namibia, Nepal, Netherlands, New Zealand, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Norway, Pakistan, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal (Portugal has also extended the protocol to Macau), Romania, Russia, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Seychelles, Singapore, Slovakia, Slovenia, Solomon Islands, South Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Swaziland, Sweden, Switzerland, Syria, Tanzania, Thailand, Togo, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Tuvalu, Uganda, Ukraine, United Arab Emirates, United Kingdom, United States, Uruguay, Uzbekistan, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Vietnam, Western Samoa, former Yugoslavia, Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe" );; line 131220 (wfb::source-text |countries that have signed, but not yet ratified| montreal_protocol_on_substances_that_deplete_the_ozone_layer "(1) Morocco" );; line 131243 (wfb::source-text see nuclear_test_ban "Treaty Banning Nuclear Weapons Tests in the Atmosphere, in Outer Space, and Under Water" );; line 131249 (wfb::source-text see ozone_layer_protection "Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer" );; line 131256 (wfb::source-text note |Protocol of 1978 Relating to the International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution From Ships, 1973 (MARPOL)| "abbreviated as Ship Pollution" );; line 131263 (wfb::source-text opened_for_signature |Protocol of 1978 Relating to the International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution From Ships, 1973 (MARPOL)| "17 February 1978" );; line 131265 (wfb::source-text entered_into_force |Protocol of 1978 Relating to the International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution From Ships, 1973 (MARPOL)| "2 October 1983" );; line 131267 (wfb::source-text objective |Protocol of 1978 Relating to the International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution From Ships, 1973 (MARPOL)| "to preserve the marine environment through the complete elimination of pollution by oil and other harmful substances and the minimization of accidental discharge of such substances" );; line 131269 (wfb::source-text parties |Protocol of 1978 Relating to the International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution From Ships, 1973 (MARPOL)| "(91) Algeria, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Australia, Austria, The Bahamas, Barbados, Belgium, Brazil, Brunei, Bulgaria, Burma, Cambodia, Canada, Chile, China, Colombia, Cote d'Ivoire, Croatia, Cuba, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Djibouti, Ecuador, Egypt, Estonia, Finland, France, Gabon, Gambia, Georgia, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, India, Indonesia, Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Kazakhstan, Kenya, North Korea, South Korea, Latvia, Lebanon, Liberia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Marshall Islands, Mexico, Monaco, Morocco, Netherlands, Norway, Oman, Pakistan, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Peru, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Seychelles, Singapore, Slovakia, Slovenia, South Africa, Spain, Suriname, Sweden, Switzerland, Syria, Togo, Tunisia, Turkey, Tuvalu, Ukraine, United Kingdom, United States, Uruguay, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Vietnam, former Yugoslavia" );; line 131273 (wfb::source-text note protocol_on_environmental_protection_to_the_antarctic_treaty "abbreviated as Antarctic-Environmental Protocol" );; line 131291 (wfb::source-text opened_for_signature protocol_on_environmental_protection_to_the_antarctic_treaty "4 October 1991, but not yet in force" );; line 131293 (wfb::source-text objective protocol_on_environmental_protection_to_the_antarctic_treaty "to enhance the protection of the Antarctic environment and dependent and associated ecosystems" );; line 131295 (wfb::source-text parties protocol_on_environmental_protection_to_the_antarctic_treaty "(14) Argentina, Australia, Chile, China, Ecuador, France, Germany, Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Peru, Spain, Sweden, Uruguay" );; line 131298 (wfb::source-text |countries that have signed, but not yet ratified| protocol_on_environmental_protection_to_the_antarctic_treaty "(27) Austria, Belgium, Brazil, Bulgaria, Canada, Colombia, Cuba, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, Greece, Guatemala, Hungary, India, Italy, Japan, North Korea, South Korea, Papua New Guinea, Poland, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, South Africa, Switzerland, United Kingdom, United States" );; line 131301 (wfb::source-text note protocol_to_the_1979_convention_on_long-range_transboundary_air_pollution_concerning_the_control_of_emissions_of_nitrogen_oxides_or_their_transboundary_fluxes "abbreviated as Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides" );; line 131312 (wfb::source-text opened_for_signature protocol_to_the_1979_convention_on_long-range_transboundary_air_pollution_concerning_the_control_of_emissions_of_nitrogen_oxides_or_their_transboundary_fluxes "31 October 1988" );; line 131314 (wfb::source-text entered_into_force protocol_to_the_1979_convention_on_long-range_transboundary_air_pollution_concerning_the_control_of_emissions_of_nitrogen_oxides_or_their_transboundary_fluxes "14 February 1991" );; line 131316 (wfb::source-text objective protocol_to_the_1979_convention_on_long-range_transboundary_air_pollution_concerning_the_control_of_emissions_of_nitrogen_oxides_or_their_transboundary_fluxes "to provide for the control or reduction of nitrogen oxides and their transboundary fluxes" );; line 131318 (wfb::source-text parties protocol_to_the_1979_convention_on_long-range_transboundary_air_pollution_concerning_the_control_of_emissions_of_nitrogen_oxides_or_their_transboundary_fluxes "(25) Austria, Belarus, Bulgaria, Canada, Czech Republic, Denmark, European Union, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Russia, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine, United Kingdom, United States" );; line 131321 (wfb::source-text |countries that have signed, but not yet ratified| protocol_to_the_1979_convention_on_long-range_transboundary_air_pollution_concerning_the_control_of_emissions_of_nitrogen_oxides_or_their_transboundary_fluxes "(3) Belgium, Greece, Poland" );; line 131326 (wfb::source-text note protocol_to_the_1979_convention_on_long-range_transboundary_air_pollution_concerning_the_control_of_emissions_of_volatile_organic_compounds_or_their_transboundary_fluxes "abbreviated as Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds" );; line 131334 (wfb::source-text opened_for_signature protocol_to_the_1979_convention_on_long-range_transboundary_air_pollution_concerning_the_control_of_emissions_of_volatile_organic_compounds_or_their_transboundary_fluxes "18 November 1991, but not yet in force" );; line 131336 (wfb::source-text objective protocol_to_the_1979_convention_on_long-range_transboundary_air_pollution_concerning_the_control_of_emissions_of_volatile_organic_compounds_or_their_transboundary_fluxes "to provide for the control and reduction of emissions of volatile organic compounds in order to reduce their transboundary fluxes so as to protect human health and the environment from adverse effects" );; line 131338 (wfb::source-text parties protocol_to_the_1979_convention_on_long-range_transboundary_air_pollution_concerning_the_control_of_emissions_of_volatile_organic_compounds_or_their_transboundary_fluxes "(11) Austria, Finland, Germany, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, United Kingdom" );; line 131342 (wfb::source-text |countries that have signed, but not yet ratified| protocol_to_the_1979_convention_on_long-range_transboundary_air_pollution_concerning_the_control_of_emissions_of_volatile_organic_compounds_or_their_transboundary_fluxes "(12) Belgium, Bulgaria, Canada, Denmark, European Union, France, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Portugal, Ukraine, United States" );; line 131345 (wfb::source-text note protocol_to_the_1979_convention_on_long-range_transboundary_air_pollution_on_further_reduction_of_sulphur_emissions "abbreviated as Air Pollution-Sulphur 94" );; line 131353 (wfb::source-text opened_for_signature protocol_to_the_1979_convention_on_long-range_transboundary_air_pollution_on_further_reduction_of_sulphur_emissions "14 June 1994, but not yet in force" );; line 131355 (wfb::source-text objective protocol_to_the_1979_convention_on_long-range_transboundary_air_pollution_on_further_reduction_of_sulphur_emissions "to provide for a further reduction in sulfur emissions or transboundary fluxes" );; line 131357 (wfb::source-text parties protocol_to_the_1979_convention_on_long-range_transboundary_air_pollution_on_further_reduction_of_sulphur_emissions "(0)" );; line 131360 (wfb::source-text |countries that have signed, but not yet ratified| protocol_to_the_1979_convention_on_long-range_transboundary_air_pollution_on_further_reduction_of_sulphur_emissions "(28) Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Canada, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, European Union, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Russia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine, United Kingdom" );; line 131362 (wfb::source-text note protocol_to_the_1979_convention_on_long-range_transboundary_air_pollution_on_the_reduction_of_sulphur_emissions_or_their_transboundary_fluxes_by_at_least_30% "abbreviated as Air Pollution-Sulphur 85" );; line 131373 (wfb::source-text opened_for_signature protocol_to_the_1979_convention_on_long-range_transboundary_air_pollution_on_the_reduction_of_sulphur_emissions_or_their_transboundary_fluxes_by_at_least_30% "8 July 1985" );; line 131375 (wfb::source-text entered_into_force protocol_to_the_1979_convention_on_long-range_transboundary_air_pollution_on_the_reduction_of_sulphur_emissions_or_their_transboundary_fluxes_by_at_least_30% "2 September 1987" );; line 131377 (wfb::source-text objective protocol_to_the_1979_convention_on_long-range_transboundary_air_pollution_on_the_reduction_of_sulphur_emissions_or_their_transboundary_fluxes_by_at_least_30% "to provide for a 30% reduction in sulfur emissions or transboundary fluxes by 1993" );; line 131379 (wfb::source-text parties protocol_to_the_1979_convention_on_long-range_transboundary_air_pollution_on_the_reduction_of_sulphur_emissions_or_their_transboundary_fluxes_by_at_least_30% "(21) Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Bulgaria, Canada, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Russia, Slovakia, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine" );; line 131382 (wfb::source-text see ship_pollution "Protocol of 1978 Relating to the International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution From Ships, 1973 (MARPOL)" );; line 131390 (wfb::source-text note |Treaty Banning Nuclear Weapon Tests in the Atmosphere, in Outer Space, and Under Water| "abbreviated as Nuclear Test Ban" );; line 131398 (wfb::source-text opened_for_signature |Treaty Banning Nuclear Weapon Tests in the Atmosphere, in Outer Space, and Under Water| "5 August 1963" );; line 131400 (wfb::source-text entered_into_force |Treaty Banning Nuclear Weapon Tests in the Atmosphere, in Outer Space, and Under Water| "10 October 1963" );; line 131402 (wfb::source-text objective |Treaty Banning Nuclear Weapon Tests in the Atmosphere, in Outer Space, and Under Water| "to obtain an agreement on general and complete disarmament under strict international control in accordance with the objectives of the United Nations; to put an end to the armaments race and eliminate incentives for the production and testing of all kinds of weapons, including nuclear weapons" );; line 131404 (wfb::source-text parties |Treaty Banning Nuclear Weapon Tests in the Atmosphere, in Outer Space, and Under Water| "(125) Afghanistan, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Armenia, Australia, Austria, Bahamas, Bangladesh, Belarus, Belgium, Benin, Bhutan, Bolivia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Botswana, Brazil, Bulgaria, Burma, Canada, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Chile, China, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cote d'Ivoire, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Fiji, Finland, Gabon, The Gambia, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Guatemala, Guinea-Bissau, Honduras, Hungary, Iceland, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Kenya, South Korea, Kuwait, Laos, Lebanon, Liberia, Libya, Luxembourg, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Malta, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Mongolia, Morocco, Nepal, Netherlands, New Zealand, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Norway, Pakistan, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Romania, Russia, Rwanda, San Marino, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Slovakia, Slovenia, South Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Swaziland, Sweden, Switzerland, Syria, Tanzania, Thailand, Togo, Tonga, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Uganda, United Kingdom, United States, Ukraine, Uruguay, Venezuela, Western Samoa, Yemen, former Yugoslavia, Zaire, Zambia" );; line 131409 (wfb::source-text |countries that have signed, but not yet ratified| |Treaty Banning Nuclear Weapon Tests in the Atmosphere, in Outer Space, and Under Water| "(11) Algeria, Burkina, Burundi, Cameroon, Ethiopia, Haiti, Mali, Paraguay, Portugal, Somalia, Vietnam" );; line 131427 (wfb::source-text see tropical_timber_83 "International Tropical Timber Agreement, 1983" );; line 131434 (wfb::source-text see tropical_timber_94 "International Tropical Timber Agreement, 1994" );; line 131440 (wfb::source-text note |United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (LOS)| "abbreviated as Law of the Sea" );; line 131446 (wfb::source-text opened_for_signature |United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (LOS)| "10 December 1982" );; line 131448 (wfb::source-text entered_into_force |United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (LOS)| "16 November 1994" );; line 131450 (wfb::source-text objective |United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (LOS)| "to set up a comprehensive new legal regime for the sea and oceans; to include rules concerning environmental standards as well as enforcement provisions dealing with pollution of the marine environment" );; line 131452 (wfb::source-text parties |United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (LOS)| "(72) Angola, Antigua and Barbuda, Australia, The Bahamas, Bahrain, Barbados, Belize, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Botswana, Brazil, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Comoros, Costa Rica, Cote d'Ivoire, Cuba, Cyprus, Djibouti, Dominica, Egypt, Fiji, The Gambia, Germany, Ghana, Grenada, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Honduras, Iceland, Indonesia, Iraq, Italy, Jamaica, Kenya, Kuwait, Lebanon, The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Mali, Malta, Marshall Islands, Mauritius, Mexico, Federated States of Micronesia, Namibia, Nigeria, Oman, Paraguay, Philippines, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Sao Tome and Principe, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Somalia, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Tanzania, Togo, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Uganda, Uruguay, Vietnam, Yemen, former Yugoslavia, Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe" );; line 131456 (wfb::source-text |countries that have signed, but not yet ratified| |United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (LOS)| "(91) Afghanistan, Algeria, Argentina, Austria, Bangladesh, Belarus, Belgium, Benin, Bhutan, Bolivia, Brunei, Bulgaria, Burkina, Burma, Burundi, Cambodia, Canada, Central African Republic, Chad, Chile, China, Colombia, Congo, Cook Islands, Czech Republic, Denmark, Dominican Republic, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Ethiopia, European Union, Finland, France, Gabon, Greece, Guatemala, Haiti, Hungary, India, Iran, Ireland, Japan, North Korea, South Korea, Laos, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives, Mauritania, Monaco, Mongolia, Morocco, Mozambique, Nauru, Nepal, Netherlands, New Zealand, Nicaragua, Niger, Niue, Norway, Pakistan, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Poland, Portugal, Qatar, Romania, Russia, Rwanda, Saudi Arabia, Slovakia, Solomon Islands, South Africa, Spain, Suriname, Swaziland, Sweden, Switzerland, Thailand, Tuvalu, Ukraine, United Arab Emirates, Vanuatu, Western Samoa" );; line 131468 (wfb::source-text note |United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification in those Countries Experiencing Serious Drought and/or Desertification, Particularly in Africa| "abbreviated as Desertification" );; line 131488 (wfb::source-text opened_for_signature |United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification in those Countries Experiencing Serious Drought and/or Desertification, Particularly in Africa| "14 October 1994, but not yet in force" );; line 131490 (wfb::source-text objective |United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification in those Countries Experiencing Serious Drought and/or Desertification, Particularly in Africa| "to combat desertification and mitigate the effects of drought through national action programs that incorporate long-term strategies supported by international cooperation and partnership arrangements" );; line 131492 (wfb::source-text parties |United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification in those Countries Experiencing Serious Drought and/or Desertification, Particularly in Africa| "(1) Mexico" );; line 131496 (wfb::source-text |countries that have signed, but not yet ratified| |United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification in those Countries Experiencing Serious Drought and/or Desertification, Particularly in Africa| "(104) Algeria, Angola, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Armenia, Australia, Bangladesh, Benin, Bolivia, Brazil, Burkina, Burundi, Cambodia, Cameroon, Canada, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Chile, China, Colombia, Comoros, Congo, Costa Rica, Cote d’Ivoire, Croatia, Cuba, Denmark, Djibouti, Ecuador, Egypt, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Ethiopia, European Union, Finland, France, Gambia, Georgia, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Haiti, Honduras, India, Indonesia, Iran, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Japan, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kenya, South Korea, Lebanon, Lesotho, Libya, Luxembourg, Madagascar, Malawi, Mali, Malta, Mauritania, Mauritius, Micronesia, Mongolia, Morocco, Namibia, Netherlands, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Norway, Pakistan, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Portugal, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Spain, Sudan, Sweden, Switzerland, Syria, Tanzania, Togo, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Uganda, United Kingdom, United States, Uzbekistan, Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe; note - some late changes not included under country entries" );; line 131498 (wfb::source-text note united_nations_framework_convention_on_climate_change "abbreviated as Climate Change" );; line 131518 (wfb::source-text opened_for_signature united_nations_framework_convention_on_climate_change "9 May 1992" );; line 131520 (wfb::source-text entered_into_force united_nations_framework_convention_on_climate_change "21 March 1994" );; line 131522 (wfb::source-text objective united_nations_framework_convention_on_climate_change "to achieve stabilization of greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere at a low enough level to prevent dangerous anthropogenic interference with the climate system" );; line 131524 (wfb::source-text parties united_nations_framework_convention_on_climate_change "(119) Albania, Algeria, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Armenia, Australia, Austria, The Bahamas, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belize, Benin, Bolivia, Botswana, Brazil, Burkina, Burma, Cameroon, Canada, Chad, Chile, China, Comoros, Cook Islands, Costa Rica, Cote d’Ivoire, Cuba, Czech Republic, Denmark, Dominica, Ecuador, Egypt, Estonia, Ethiopia, European Union, Fiji, Finland, France, Gambia, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Grenada, Guinea, Guyana, Hungary, Iceland, India, Indonesia, Ireland, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Kenya, North Korea, South Korea, Kuwait, Laos, Lebanon, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Malta, Marshall Islands, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Federated States of Micronesia, Monaco, Mongolia, Nauru, Nepal, Netherlands, New Zealand, Nigeria, Norway, Pakistan, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, San Marino, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Seychelles, Slovakia, Solomon Islands, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Sweden, Switzerland, Thailand, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Tuvulu, Uganda, United Kingdom, United States, Uruguay, Uzbekistan, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Vietnam, Western Samoa, Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe" );; line 131528 (wfb::source-text |countries that have signed, but not yet ratified| united_nations_framework_convention_on_climate_change "(54) Afghanistan, Angola, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Belgium, Bhutan, Bulgaria, Burundi, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Colombia, Congo, Croatia, Cyprus, Djibouti, Dominican Republic, El Salvador, Gabon, Ghana, Guatemala, Guinea-Bissau, Haiti, Honduras, Iran, Israel, Kazakhstan, Kiribati, Latvia, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, Lithuania, Madagascar, Moldova, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Nicaragua, Niger, Oman, Panama, Rwanda, Sao Tome and Principe, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Slovenia, South Africa, Suriname, Swaziland, Tanzania, Togo, Ukraine, Yemen, former Yugoslavia" );; line 131545 (wfb::source-text see wetlands "Convention on Wetlands of International Importance Especially As Waterfowl Habitat (Ramsar)" );; line 131558 (wfb::source-text see whaling "International Convention for the Regulation of Whaling" );; line 131565 (wfb::source-text documentation weights_and_measures "Conversions from a multiple or submultiple to the basic units of meters, liters, or grams can be done using the table. For example, to convert from kilometers to meters, multiply by 1,000 (9.26 kilometers equals 9,260 meters) or to convert from meters to kilometers, multiply by 0.001 (9,260 meters equals 9.26 kilometers)" );; line 131607 (wfb::source-text documentation estimates_of_gross_domestic_product_on_an_exchange_rate_basis "These estimates of gross domestic product on an exchange rate basis are based on official data from national statistical offices." );; line 131990 (wfb::source-text documentation cross-reference_list_of_geographic_names "This list indicates where various names including all United States Foreign Service Posts, alternate names, former names, and political or geographical portions of larger entities can be found in The World Factbook . Spellings are not necessarily those approved by the United States Board on Geographic Names (BGN). Alternate names are included in parentheses; additional information is included in brackets." );; line 132481