(geography_location#afghanistan#Southern Asia, north of Pakistan)
(geography_geographic_coordinates#afghanistan#33 00 N, 65 00 E)
(geography_map_references#afghanistan#Asia)
(geography_area_total_area#afghanistan#647,500 sq km)
(geography_area_land_area#afghanistan#647,500 sq km)
(geography_area_comparative_area#afghanistan#slightly smaller than Texas)
(geography_land_boundaries_total#afghanistan#5,529 km)
(geography_land_boundaries_border_countries#afghanistan#China 76 km, Iran 936 km, Pakistan 2,430 km, Tajikistan 1,206 km, Turkmenistan 744 km, Uzbekistan 137 km)
(geography_coastline#afghanistan#0 km {landlocked})
(geography_maritime_claims#afghanistan#none {landlocked})
(geography_international_disputes#afghanistan#periodic disputes with Iran over Helmand water rights; Iran supports clients in country, private Pakistani and Saudi sources also are active; power struggles among various groups for control of Kabul, regional rivalries among emerging warlords, traditional tribal disputes continue; support to Islamic fighters in Tajikistan's civil war; border dispute with Pakistan {Durand Line}; support to Islamic militants worldwide by some factions)
(geography_climate#afghanistan#arid to semiarid; cold winters and hot summers)
(geography_terrain#afghanistan#mostly rugged mountains; plains in north and southwest)
(geography_terrain_lowest_point#afghanistan#Amu Darya 258 m)
(geography_terrain_highest_point#afghanistan#Nowshak 7,485 m)
(geography_natural_resources#afghanistan#natural gas, petroleum, coal, copper, talc, barites, sulfur, lead, zinc, iron ore, salt, precious and semiprecious stones)
(geography_land_use_arable_land#afghanistan#12%)
(geography_land_use_permanent_crops#afghanistan#0%)
(geography_land_use_meadows_and_pastures#afghanistan#46%)
(geography_land_use_forest_and_woodland#afghanistan#3%)
(geography_land_use_other#afghanistan#39%)
(geography_irrigated_land#afghanistan#26,600 sq km {1989 est.})
(geography_environment_current_issues#afghanistan#soil degradation; overgrazing; deforestation {much of the remaining forests are being cut down for fuel and building materials}; desertification)
(geography_environment_natural_hazards#afghanistan#damaging earthquakes occur in Hindu Kush mountains; flooding)
(geography_environment_international_agreements#afghanistan#party to - Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Marine Dumping, Nuclear Test Ban; signed, but not ratified - Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Life Conservation)
(geography_geographic_note#afghanistan#landlocked)
(people_population#afghanistan#22,664,136 {July 1996 est.})
(people_age_structure_0-14_years#afghanistan#43% {male 4,972,469; female 4,784,900})
(people_age_structure_15-64_years#afghanistan#54% {male 6,377,231; female 5,916,954})
(people_age_structure_65_years_and_over#afghanistan#3% {male 325,808; female 286,774} {July 1996 est.})
(people_population_growth_rate#afghanistan#4.78% {1996 est.})
(people_birth_rate#afghanistan#43.03 births/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_death_rate#afghanistan#18.16 deaths/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_net_migration_rate#afghanistan#22.94 migrant{s}/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_sex_ratio_at_birth#afghanistan#1.05 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_under_15_years#afghanistan#1.04 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_15-64_years#afghanistan#1.08 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_65_years_and_over#afghanistan#1.14 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_all_ages#afghanistan#1.06 male{s}/female {1996 est.})
(people_infant_mortality_rate#afghanistan#149.7 deaths/1,000 live births {1996 est.})
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_total_population#afghanistan#45.85 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_male#afghanistan#46.43 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_female#afghanistan#45.24 years {1996 est.})
(people_total_fertility_rate#afghanistan#6.14 children born/woman {1996 est.})
(people_nationality_noun#afghanistan#Afghan{s})
(people_nationality_adjective#afghanistan#Afghan)
(people_ethnic_divisions#afghanistan#Pashtun 38%, Tajik 25%, Uzbek 6%, Hazara 19%, minor ethnic groups {Chahar Aimaks, Turkmen, Baloch, and others})
(people_religions#afghanistan#Sunni Muslim 84%, Shi'a Muslim 15%, other 1%)
(people_languages#afghanistan#Pashtu 35%, Afghan Persian {Dari} 50%, Turkic languages {primarily Uzbek and Turkmen} 11%, 30 minor languages {primarily Balochi and Pashai} 4%, much bilingualism)
(people_literacy#afghanistan#age 15 and over can read and write {1995 est.})
(people_literacy_total_population#afghanistan#31.5%)
(people_literacy_male#afghanistan#47.2%)
(people_literacy_female#afghanistan#15%)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_long_form#afghanistan#Islamic State of Afghanistan)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_short_form#afghanistan#Afghanistan)
(government_name_of_country_local_long_form#afghanistan#Dowlat-e Eslami-ye Afghanestan)
(government_name_of_country_local_short_form#afghanistan#Afghanestan)
(government_name_of_country_former#afghanistan#Republic of Afghanistan)
(government_data_code#afghanistan#AF)
(government_type_of_government#afghanistan#transitional government)
(government_capital#afghanistan#Kabul)
(government_administrative_divisions#afghanistan#30 provinces {velayat, singular - velayat}; Badakhshan, Badghis, Baghlan, Balkh, Bamian, Farah, Faryab, Ghazni, Ghowr, Helmand, Herat, Jowzjan, Kabol, Kandahar, Kapisa, Konar, Kondoz, Laghman, Lowgar, Nangarhar, Nimruz, Oruzgan, Paktia, Paktika, Parvan, Samangan, Sar-e Pol, Takhar, Vardak, Zabol)
(government_administrative_divisions_note#afghanistan#there may be two new provinces of Nurestan {Nuristan} and Khowst)
(government_independence#afghanistan#19 August 1919 {from UK})
(government_national_holiday#afghanistan#Victory of the Muslim Nation, 28 April; Remembrance Day for Martyrs and Disabled, 4 May; Independence Day, 19 August)
(government_constitution#afghanistan#none)
(government_legal_system#afghanistan#a new legal system has not been adopted but the transitional government has declared it will follow Islamic law {Shari'a})
(government_suffrage#afghanistan#undetermined; previously males 15-50 years of age)
(government_executive_branch_chief_of_state#afghanistan#President Burhanuddin RABBANI {interim president July-December 1992, president since 2 January 1993} was elected to a two-year term {later amended by multi-party agreement to 18 months} by a national shura {council}; election last held 31 December 1992 {next to be held NA}; results - percent of vote NA; Vice President Mohammad NABI MOHAMMADI {since NA} was appointed by the president; note - in June 1994 failure to agree on a transfer mechanism resulted in RABBANI's extending his term to 28 December 1994; following the expiration of the term and while negotiations on the formation of a new government go on, RABBANI continues in office)
(government_executive_branch_head_of_government#afghanistan#Prime Minister Ahmad Shah AHMADZAI {since NA} was appointed by President RABBANI as de facto prime minister, but does not have any real authority; First Deputy Prime Minister Qutbuddin HELAL {since 17 March 1993} and Deputy Prime Minister Arsala RAHMANI {since 17 March 1993})
(government_executive_branch_cabinet#afghanistan#Council of Ministers; note - term of present government expired 28 December 1994; factional fighting since 1 January 1994 has kept government officers from actually occupying ministries and discharging government responsibilities; the government's authority to remove cabinet members, including the prime minister, following the expiration of their term is questionable)
(government_legislative_branch#afghanistan#a unicameral parliament consisting of 205 members was chosen by a national shura {council} in January 1993; non-functioning as of June 1993)
(government_judicial_branch#afghanistan#an interim Chief Justice of the Supreme Court has been appointed by the president in consultation with the prime minister, but a new court system has not yet been organized)
(government_political_parties_and_leaders#afghanistan#current political organizations include Jamiat-i-Islami {Islamic Society}, Burhanuddin RABBANI, Ahmad Shah MASOOD; Hizbi Islami-Gulbuddin {Islamic Party}, Gulbuddin HIKMATYAR faction; Hizbi Islami-Khalis {Islamic Party}, Yunis KHALIS faction; Ittihad-i-Islami Barai Azadi Afghanistan {Islamic Union for the Liberation of Afghanistan}, Abdul Rasul SAYYAF; Harakat-Inqilab-i-Islami {Islamic Revolutionary Movement}, Mohammad Nabi MOHAMMADI; Jabha-i-Najat-i-Milli Afghanistan {Afghanistan National Liberation Front}, Sibghatullah MOJADDEDI; Mahaz-i-Milli-Islami {National Islamic Front}, Sayed Ahamad GAILANI; Hizbi Wahdat-Khalili faction {Islamic Unity Party}, Abdul Karim KHALILI; Hizbi Wahdat-Akbari faction {Islamic Unity Party}, Mohammad Akbar AKBARI; Harakat-i-Islami {Islamic Movement}, Mohammed Asif MOHSENI; Jumbesh-i-Milli Islami {National Islamic Movement}, Abdul Rashid DOSTAM; Taliban {Religious Students Movement}, Mohammad OMAR)
(government_political_parties_and_leaders_note#afghanistan#the former ruling Watan Party has been disbanded)
(government_other_political_or_pressure_groups#afghanistan#the former resistance commanders are the major power brokers in the countryside and their shuras {councils} are now administering most cities outside Kabul; tribal elders and religious students are trying to wrest control from them; ulema {religious scholars}; tribal elders; religious students {talib})
(government_international_organization_participation#afghanistan#AsDB, CP, ECO, ESCAP, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Intelsat, IOC, IOM {observer}, ITU, NAM, OIC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WMO, WToO)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_chief_of_mission#afghanistan#Ambassador {vacant}; Charge d'Affaires Abdul RAHIM)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_chancery#afghanistan#2341 Wyoming Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_telephone#afghanistan#[1] {202} 234-3770, 3771)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_fax#afghanistan#[1] {202} 328-3516)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_consulate{s}_general#afghanistan#New York)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_consulate{s}#afghanistan#Washington, DC)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation#afghanistan#the US does not have an embassy in Afghanistan {embassy closed January 1989})
(government_flag#afghanistan#three equal horizontal bands of green {top}, white, and black with a gold emblem centered on the three bands; the emblem features a temple-like structure with Islamic inscriptions above and below, encircled by a wreath on the left and right and by a bolder Islamic inscription above, all of which are encircled by two crossed scimitars)
(economy_economic_overview#afghanistan#Afghanistan is an extremely poor, landlocked country, highly dependent on farming {wheat especially} and livestock raising {sheep and goats}. Economic considerations have played second fiddle to political and military upheavals during more than 16 years of war, including the nearly 10-year Soviet military occupation {which ended 15 February 1989}. Over the past decade, one-third of the population fled the country, with Pakistan and Iran sheltering more than 6 million refugees. Now, only 1.0 million Afghan refugees remain in Pakistan and about 1.3 million in Iran. Another 1 million probably moved into and around urban areas within Afghanistan. Gross domestic product has fallen substantially over the past 15 years because of the loss of labor and capital and the disruption of trade and transport. Millions of people continue to suffer from insufficient food, clothing, housing, and lack of medical care. Numerical data are extremely shaky.)
(economy_gdp#afghanistan#purchasing power parity - $12.8 billion {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_real_growth_rate#afghanistan#NA%)
(economy_gdp_per_capita#afghanistan#$600 {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_agriculture#afghanistan#65%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_industry#afghanistan#15%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_services#afghanistan#20%)
(economy_inflation_rate_{consumer_prices}#afghanistan#NA%)
(economy_labor_force#afghanistan#4.98 million)
(economy_labor_force_by_occupation#afghanistan#agriculture and animal husbandry 67.8%, industry 10.2%, construction 6.3%, commerce 5.0%, services and other 10.7% {1980 est.})
(economy_unemployment_rate#afghanistan#NA%)
(economy_budget_revenues#afghanistan#$NA)
(economy_budget_expenditures#afghanistan#$NA, including capital expenditures of $NA)
(economy_industries#afghanistan#small-scale production of textiles, soap, furniture, shoes, fertilizer, and cement; handwoven carpets; natural gas, oil, coal, copper)
(economy_electricity_capacity#afghanistan#480,000 kW)
(economy_electricity_production#afghanistan#550 million kWh)
(economy_electricity_consumption_per_capita#afghanistan#39 kWh {1993})
(economy_agriculture#afghanistan#wheat, fruits, nuts, karakul pelts; wool, mutton)
(economy_illicit_drugs#afghanistan#an illicit cultivator of opium poppy and cannabis for the international drug trade; world's second-largest opium producer after Burma {1,250 metric tons in 1995} and a major source of hashish)
(economy_exports#afghanistan#$188.2 million {f.o.b., 1991})
(economy_exports_commodities#afghanistan#fruits and nuts, handwoven carpets, wool, cotton, hides and pelts, precious and semi-precious gems)
(economy_exports_partners#afghanistan#FSU countries, Pakistan, Iran, Germany, India, UK, Belgium, Luxembourg, Czechoslovakia)
(economy_imports#afghanistan#$616.4 million {c.i.f., 1991})
(economy_imports_commodities#afghanistan#food and petroleum products; most consumer goods)
(economy_imports_partners#afghanistan#FSU countries, Pakistan, Iran, Japan, Singapore, India, South Korea, Germany)
(economy_external_debt#afghanistan#$2.3 billion {March 1991 est.})
(economy_economic_aid_recipient#afghanistan#ODA, $NA)
(economy_economic_aid_note#afghanistan#US provided $450 million assistance {1985-93}; the UN provides assistance in the form of food aid, immunization, land mine removal, and a wide range of aid to refugees and displaced persons)
(economy_currency#afghanistan#1 afghani {AF} = 100 puls)
(economy_exchange_rates#afghanistan#afghanis {Af} per US$1 - 7,000 {January 1995}, 1,900 {January 1994}, 1,019 {March 1993}, 850 {1991}; note - these rates reflect the free market exchange rates rather than the official exchange rate, which is a fixed rate of 50.600 afghanis to the dollar)
(economy_fiscal_year#afghanistan#21 March - 20 March)
(transportation_railways_total#afghanistan#24.6 km)
(transportation_railways_broad_gauge#afghanistan#9.6 km 1.524-m gauge from Gushgy {Turkmenistan} to Towraghondi; 15 km 1,524-m gauge from Termiz {Uzbekistan} to Kheyrabad transshipment point on south bank of Amu Darya)
(transportation_highways_total#afghanistan#21,000 km)
(transportation_highways_paved#afghanistan#2,800 km)
(transportation_highways_unpaved#afghanistan#18,200 km {1984 est.})
(transportation_waterways#afghanistan#1,200 km; chiefly Amu Darya, which handles vessels up to about 500 DWT)
(transportation_pipelines#afghanistan#petroleum products - Uzbekistan to Bagram and Turkmenistan to Shindand; natural gas 180 km)
(transportation_ports#afghanistan#Kheyrabad, Shir Khan)
(transportation_airports_total#afghanistan#35)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_over_3,047_m#afghanistan#3)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_2,438_to_3,047_m#afghanistan#4)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_1,524_to_2,437_m#afghanistan#2)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_under_914_m#afghanistan#7)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_2,438_to_3,047_m#afghanistan#3)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_1,524_to_2,437_m#afghanistan#13)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_914_to_1,523_m#afghanistan#3 {1995 est.})
(transportation_heliports#afghanistan#3 {1995 est.})
(communications_telephones#afghanistan#31,200 {1983 est.})
(communications_telephone_system_domestic#afghanistan#very limited telephone and telegraph service; 1 public telephone in Kabul)
(communications_telephone_system_international#afghanistan#satellite earth stations - 1 Intelsat {Indian Ocean} linked only to Iran and 1 Intersputnik {Atlantic Ocean Region})
(communications_radio_broadcast_stations#afghanistan#AM 5, FM 0, shortwave 2)
(communications_radios#afghanistan#NA)
(communications_television_broadcast_stations#afghanistan#NA)
(communications_television_broadcast_stations_note#afghanistan#several television stations run by factions and local councils which provide intermittent service)
(communications_televisions#afghanistan#100,000 {1993 est.})
(defense_branches#afghanistan#NA; note - the military still does not exist on a national scale; some elements of the former Army, Air and Air Defense Forces, National Guard, Border Guard Forces, National Police Force {Sarandoi}, and tribal militias still exist but are factionalized among the various mujahedin and former regime leaders)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_age_15-49#afghanistan#5,549,602)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_fit_for_military_service#afghanistan#2,976,741)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_reach_military_age_{22}_annually#afghanistan#220,532 {1996 est.})
(defense_defense_expenditures#afghanistan#$NA, NA% of GDP)
(geography_location#albania#Southeastern Europe, bordering the Adriatic Sea and Ionian Sea, between Greece and Serbia and Montenegro)
(geography_geographic_coordinates#albania#41 00 N, 20 00 E)
(geography_map_references#albania#Europe)
(geography_area_total_area#albania#28,750 sq km)
(geography_area_land_area#albania#27,400 sq km)
(geography_area_comparative_area#albania#slightly larger than Maryland)
(geography_land_boundaries_total#albania#720 km)
(geography_land_boundaries_border_countries#albania#Greece 282 km, The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia 151 km, Serbia and Montenegro 287 km {114 km with Serbia, 173 km with Montenegro})
(geography_coastline#albania#362 km)
(geography_maritime_claims_continental_shelf#albania#200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation)
(geography_maritime_claims_territorial_sea#albania#12 nm)
(geography_international_disputes#albania#the Albanian Government supports protection of the rights of ethnic Albanians outside of its borders; Albanian majority in Kosovo seeks independence from Serbian Republic; Albanians in Macedonia claim discrimination in education, access to public-sector jobs and representation in government; Albania is involved in negotiations with Greece over border demarcation, the treatment of Albania's ethnic Greek minority, and migrant Albanian workers in Greece)
(geography_climate#albania#mild temperate; cool, cloudy, wet winters; hot, clear, dry summers; interior is cooler and wetter)
(geography_terrain#albania#mostly mountains and hills; small plains along coast)
(geography_terrain_lowest_point#albania#Adriatic Sea 0 m)
(geography_terrain_highest_point#albania#Maja e Korabit 2,753 m)
(geography_natural_resources#albania#petroleum, natural gas, coal, chromium, copper, timber, nickel)
(geography_land_use_arable_land#albania#21%)
(geography_land_use_permanent_crops#albania#4%)
(geography_land_use_meadows_and_pastures#albania#15%)
(geography_land_use_forest_and_woodland#albania#38%)
(geography_land_use_other#albania#22%)
(geography_irrigated_land#albania#4,230 sq km {1989})
(geography_environment_current_issues#albania#deforestation; soil erosion; water pollution from industrial and domestic effluents)
(geography_environment_natural_hazards#albania#destructive earthquakes; tsunami occur along southwestern coast)
(geography_environment_international_agreements#albania#party to - Biodiversity, Climate Change)
(geography_geographic_note#albania#strategic location along Strait of Otranto {links Adriatic Sea to Ionian Sea and Mediterranean Sea})
(people_population#albania#3,249,136 {July 1996 est.})
(people_population_note#albania#the IMF, working with Albanian government figures, estimates that the population was 3,120,000 in 1993 and that it has fallen since 1990)
(people_age_structure_0-14_years#albania#34% {male 570,978; female 529,147})
(people_age_structure_15-64_years#albania#60% {male 910,873; female 1,049,662})
(people_age_structure_65_years_and_over#albania#6% {male 77,799; female 110,677} {July 1996 est.})
(people_population_growth_rate#albania#1.34% {1996 est.})
(people_birth_rate#albania#22.21 births/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_death_rate#albania#7.64 deaths/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_net_migration_rate#albania#-1.17 migrant{s}/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_sex_ratio_at_birth#albania#1.08 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_under_15_years#albania#1.08 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_15-64_years#albania#0.87 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_65_years_and_over#albania#0.7 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_all_ages#albania#0.92 male{s}/female {1996 est.})
(people_infant_mortality_rate#albania#49.2 deaths/1,000 live births {1996 est.})
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_total_population#albania#67.92 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_male#albania#64.91 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_female#albania#71.17 years {1996 est.})
(people_total_fertility_rate#albania#2.65 children born/woman {1996 est.})
(people_nationality_noun#albania#Albanian{s})
(people_nationality_adjective#albania#Albanian)
(people_ethnic_divisions#albania#Albanian 95%, Greeks 3%, other 2% {Vlachs, Gypsies, Serbs, and Bulgarians} {1989 est.})
(people_ethnic_divisions_note#albania#in 1989, other estimates of the Greek population ranged from 1% {official Albanian statistics} to 12% {from a Greek organization})
(people_religions#albania#Muslim 70%, Albanian Orthodox 20%, Roman Catholic 10%)
(people_religions_note#albania#all mosques and churches were closed in 1967 and religious observances prohibited; in November 1990, Albania began allowing private religious practice)
(people_languages#albania#Albanian {Tosk is the official dialect}, Greek)
(people_literacy#albania#age 9 and over can read and write {1955 est.})
(people_literacy_total_population#albania#72%)
(people_literacy_male#albania#80%)
(people_literacy_female#albania#63%)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_long_form#albania#Republic of Albania)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_short_form#albania#Albania)
(government_name_of_country_local_long_form#albania#Republika e Shqiperise)
(government_name_of_country_local_short_form#albania#Shqiperia)
(government_name_of_country_former#albania#People's Socialist Republic of Albania)
(government_data_code#albania#AL)
(government_type_of_government#albania#emerging democracy)
(government_capital#albania#Tirane)
(government_administrative_divisions#albania#26 districts {rrethe, singular - rreth}; Berat, Dibre, Durres, Elbasan, Fier, Gjirokaster, Gramsh, Kolonje, Korce, Kruje, Kukes, Lezhe, Librazhd, Lushnje, Mat, Mirdite, Permet, Pogradec, Puke, Sarande, Shkoder, Skrapar, Tepelene, Tirane, Tropoje, Vlore; note - some new administrative units may have been created)
(government_independence#albania#28 November 1912 {from Ottoman Empire})
(government_national_holiday#albania#Independence Day, 28 November {1912})
(government_constitution#albania#an interim basic law was approved by the People's Assembly on 29 April 1991; a draft constitution was rejected by popular referendum in the fall of 1994 and a new draft is pending)
(government_legal_system#albania#has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction)
(government_suffrage#albania#18 years of age; universal and compulsory)
(government_executive_branch_chief_of_state#albania#President of the Republic Sali BERISHA {since 9 April 1992} was elected for a five-year term by the People's Assembly)
(government_executive_branch_head_of_government#albania#Prime Minister of the Council of Ministers Aleksander Gabriel MEKSI {since 10 April 1992} was appointed by the president)
(government_executive_branch_cabinet#albania#Council of Ministers was appointed by the president)
(government_legislative_branch#albania#unicameral)
(government_people's_assembly_{kuvendi_popullor}#albania#elections last held 22 March 1992; results - DP 62.29%, ASP 25.57%, SDP 4.33%, RP 3.15%, UHP 2.92%, other 1.74%; seats - {140 total} DP 92, ASP 38, SDP 7, RP 1, UHP 2)
(government_people's_assembly_{kuvendi_popullor}_note#albania#six members of the Democratic Party defected, making the present seating in the Assembly DP 86, ASP 38, SDP 7, DAP 6, RP 1, UHP 2)
(government_judicial_branch#albania#Supreme Court, chairman of the Supreme Court is elected by the People's Assembly)
(government_political_parties_and_leaders#albania#there are at least 28 political parties; most prominent are the Albanian Socialist Party {ASP; formerly the Albania Workers Party}, Fatos NANO, first secretary; Democratic Party {DP}; Albanian Republican Party {RP}, Sabri GODO; Omonia {Greek minority party}, Sotir QIRJAZATI, first secretary; Social Democratic Party {SDP}, Skender GJINUSHI; Democratic Alliance Party {DAP}, Neritan CEKA, chairman; Unity for Human Rights Party {UHP}, Vasil MELO, chairman; Ecology Party {EP}, Namik HOTI, chairman)
(government_international_organization_participation#albania#BSEC, CCC, CE, EBRD, ECE, EU {applicant}, FAO, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Intelsat {nonsignatory user}, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, NACC, OIC, OSCE, PFP, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNOMIG, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO {applicant})
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_chief_of_mission#albania#Ambassador Lublin DILJA)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_chancery#albania#Suite 1000, 1511 K Street NW, Washington, DC 20005)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_telephone#albania#[1] {202} 223-4942, 8187)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_fax#albania#[1] {202} 628-7342)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_chief_of_mission#albania#Ambassador Joseph E. LAKE)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_embassy#albania#Rruga E. Labinoti 103, Tirane)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_mailing_address#albania#PSC 59, Box 100 {A}, APO AE 09624)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_telephone#albania#[355] {42} 328-75, 335-20)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_fax#albania#[355] {42} 322-22)
(government_flag#albania#red with a black two-headed eagle in the center)
(economy_economic_overview#albania#An extremely poor country by European standards, Albania is making the difficult transition to a more open-market economy. The economy rebounded in 1993-95 after a severe depression accompanying the collapse of the previous centrally planned system in 1990 and 1991. Stabilization policies - including a strict monetary policy, public sector layoffs, and reduced social services - have improved the government's fiscal situation and reduced inflation. The recovery has been spurred by the remittances of some 20% of the labor force which works abroad, mostly in Greece and Italy. These remittances supplement GDP and help offset the large foreign trade deficit. Foreign assistance and humanitarian aid also supported the recovery. Most agricultural land was privatized in 1992, substantially improving peasant incomes. Albania's industrial sector ended its five-year, 78% decline in 1995, recording roughly 6% growth. A sharp fall in chromium prices has reduced hard currency receipts from the mining sector. Large segments of the population, especially those living in urban areas, continue to depend on humanitarian aid to meet basic food requirements. Unemployment remains a severe problem accounting for approximately one-fifth of the work force. Now that sanctions on Serbia have been suspended, the falloff in hard currency earnings from smuggling will aggravate unemployment problems. Growth is expected to continue in 1996, but could falter if workers' remittances from Greece are reduced or foreign assistance declines.)
(economy_gdp#albania#purchasing power parity - $4.1 billion {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_real_growth_rate#albania#6% {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_per_capita#albania#$1,210 {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_agriculture#albania#55%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_industry#albania#NA%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_services#albania#NA% {1995 est.})
(economy_inflation_rate_{consumer_prices}#albania#16% {1994 est.})
(economy_labor_force#albania#1.692 million {1994 est.} {including 352,000 emigrant workers and 261,000 domestically unemployed})
(economy_labor_force_by_occupation_{of_those_domestically_employed}#albania#agriculture {nearly all private} 49.5%, private sector 22.2%, state {nonfarm} sector 28.3% {including state-owned industry 7.8%})
(economy_unemployment_rate#albania#19% {1994 est.})
(economy_budget_revenues#albania#$486.3 million)
(economy_budget_expenditures#albania#$550.4 million, including capital expenditures of $124 million {1994})
(economy_industries#albania#food processing, textiles and clothing; lumber, oil, cement, chemicals, mining, basic metals, hydropower)
(economy_industrial_production_growth_rate#albania#6% {1995 est.})
(economy_electricity_capacity#albania#1,662,000 kW)
(economy_electricity_production#albania#3.9 billion kWh)
(economy_electricity_consumption_per_capita#albania#1,219 kWh {1994 est.})
(economy_agriculture#albania#wide range of temperate-zone crops and livestock)
(economy_illicit_drugs#albania#transshipment point for Southwest Asian heroin transiting the Balkan route and cocaine from South America destined for Western Europe; limited opium production)
(economy_exports#albania#$141 million {f.o.b., 1994 est.})
(economy_exports_commodities#albania#asphalt, metals and metallic ores, electricity, crude oil, vegetables, fruits, tobacco)
(economy_exports_partners#albania#Italy, US, Greece, The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia)
(economy_imports#albania#$601 million {f.o.b., 1993 est.})
(economy_imports_commodities#albania#machinery, consumer goods, grains)
(economy_imports_partners#albania#Italy, Greece, Bulgaria, Turkey, The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia)
(economy_external_debt#albania#$977 million {1994 est.})
(economy_economic_aid_recipient#albania#ODA, $NA)
(economy_currency#albania#1 lek {L} = 100 qintars)
(economy_exchange_rates#albania#leke {L} per US$1 - 95.65 {January 1996}, 100.00 {January 1995}, 99.00 {January 1994}, 97.00 {January 1993}, 50.00 {January 1992}, 25.00 {September 1991})
(economy_fiscal_year#albania#calendar year)
(transportation_railways_total#albania#670 km)
(transportation_railways_standard_gauge#albania#670 km 1.435-m gauge {1995})
(transportation_highways_total#albania#18,450 km)
(transportation_highways_paved#albania#17,450 km)
(transportation_highways_unpaved#albania#1,000 km {1991 est.})
(transportation_waterways#albania#43 km plus Albanian sections of Lake Scutari, Lake Ohrid, and Lake Prespa {1990})
(transportation_pipelines#albania#crude oil 145 km; petroleum products 55 km; natural gas 64 km {1991})
(transportation_ports#albania#Durres, Sarande, Shengjin, Vlore)
(transportation_merchant_marine_total#albania#11 cargo ships {1,000 GRT or over} totaling 52,967 GRT/76,887 DWT {1995 est.})
(transportation_airports#albania#11)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_2,438_to_3,047_m#albania#3)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_914_to_1,523_m#albania#2)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_over_3,047_m#albania#2)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_2,438_to_3,047_m#albania#1)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_1,524_to_2,437_m#albania#1)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_914_to_1,523_m#albania#2 {1994 est.})
(communications_telephones#albania#55,000)
(communications_telephone_system_domestic#albania#obsolete wire system; no longer provides a telephone for every village; in 1992, following the fall of the communist government, peasants cut the wire to about 1,000 villages and used it to build fences)
(communications_telephone_system_international#albania#inadequate; international traffic carried by microwave radio relay from the Tirane exchange to Italy and Greece)
(communications_radio_broadcast_stations#albania#AM 17, FM 1, shortwave 0)
(communications_radios#albania#577,000 {1991 est.})
(communications_television_broadcast_stations#albania#9)
(communications_televisions#albania#300,000 {1993 est.})
(defense_branches#albania#Army, Navy, Air and Air Defense Forces, Interior Ministry Troops, Border Guards)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_age_15-49#albania#723,231)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_fit_for_military_service#albania#588,304)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_reach_military_age_{19}_annually#albania#29,340 {1996 est.})
(defense_defense_expenditures#albania#exchange rate conversion - $45 million, 2.5% of GDP {1995})
(geography_location#algeria#Northern Africa, bordering the Mediterranean Sea, between Morocco and Tunisia)
(geography_geographic_coordinates#algeria#28 00 N, 3 00 E)
(geography_map_references#algeria#Africa)
(geography_area_total_area#algeria#2,381,740 sq km)
(geography_area_land_area#algeria#2,381,740 sq km)
(geography_area_comparative_area#algeria#slightly less than 3.5 times the size of Texas)
(geography_land_boundaries_total#algeria#6,343 km)
(geography_land_boundaries_border_countries#algeria#Libya 982 km, Mali 1,376 km, Mauritania 463 km, Morocco 1,559 km, Niger 956 km, Tunisia 965 km, Western Sahara 42 km)
(geography_coastline#algeria#998 km)
(geography_maritime_claims_exclusive_fishing_zone#algeria#32-52 nm)
(geography_maritime_claims_territorial_sea#algeria#12 nm)
(geography_international_disputes#algeria#part of southeastern region claimed by Libya; land boundary dispute with Tunisia settled in 1993)
(geography_climate#algeria#arid to semiarid; mild, wet winters with hot, dry summers along coast; drier with cold winters and hot summers on high plateau; sirocco is a hot, dust/sand-laden wind especially common in summer)
(geography_terrain#algeria#mostly high plateau and desert; some mountains; narrow, discontinuous coastal plain)
(geography_terrain_lowest_point#algeria#Chott Melrhir -40 m)
(geography_terrain_highest_point#algeria#Tahat 3,003 m)
(geography_natural_resources#algeria#petroleum, natural gas, iron ore, phosphates, uranium, lead, zinc)
(geography_land_use_arable_land#algeria#3%)
(geography_land_use_permanent_crops#algeria#0%)
(geography_land_use_meadows_and_pastures#algeria#13%)
(geography_land_use_forest_and_woodland#algeria#2%)
(geography_land_use_other#algeria#82%)
(geography_irrigated_land#algeria#3,360 sq km {1989 est.})
(geography_environment_current_issues#algeria#soil erosion from overgrazing and other poor farming practices; desertification; dumping of raw sewage, petroleum refining wastes, and other industrial effluents is leading to the pollution of rivers and coastal waters; Mediterranean Sea, in particular, becoming polluted from oil wastes, soil erosion, and fertilizer runoff; inadequate supplies of potable water)
(geography_environment_natural_hazards#algeria#mountainous areas subject to severe earthquakes; mud slides)
(geography_environment_international_agreements#algeria#party to - Biodiversity, Climate Change, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands; signed, but not ratified - Desertification, Law of the Sea, Nuclear Test Ban)
(geography_geographic_note#algeria#second-largest country in Africa {after Sudan})
(people_population#algeria#29,183,032 {July 1996 est.})
(people_age_structure_0-14_years#algeria#40% {male 5,910,543; female 5,701,647})
(people_age_structure_15-64_years#algeria#56% {male 8,319,650; female 8,162,816})
(people_age_structure_65_years_and_over#algeria#4% {male 510,308; female 578,068} {July 1996 est.})
(people_population_growth_rate#algeria#2.21% {1996 est.})
(people_birth_rate#algeria#28.51 births/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_death_rate#algeria#5.9 deaths/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_net_migration_rate#algeria#-0.49 migrant{s}/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_sex_ratio_at_birth#algeria#1.04 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_under_15_years#algeria#1.04 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_15-64_years#algeria#1.02 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_65_years_and_over#algeria#0.88 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_all_ages#algeria#1.02 male{s}/female {1996 est.})
(people_infant_mortality_rate#algeria#48.7 deaths/1,000 live births {1996 est.})
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_total_population#algeria#68.31 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_male#algeria#67.22 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_female#algeria#69.46 years {1996 est.})
(people_total_fertility_rate#algeria#3.59 children born/woman {1996 est.})
(people_nationality_noun#algeria#Algerian{s})
(people_nationality_adjective#algeria#Algerian)
(people_ethnic_divisions#algeria#Arab-Berber 99%, European less than 1%)
(people_religions#algeria#Sunni Muslim {state religion} 99%, Christian and Jewish 1%)
(people_languages#algeria#Arabic {official}, French, Berber dialects)
(people_literacy#algeria#age 15 and over can read and write {1995 est.})
(people_literacy_total_population#algeria#61.6%)
(people_literacy_male#algeria#73.9%)
(people_literacy_female#algeria#49%)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_long_form#algeria#Democratic and Popular Republic of Algeria)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_short_form#algeria#Algeria)
(government_name_of_country_local_long_form#algeria#Al Jumhuriyah al Jaza'iriyah ad Dimuqratiyah ash Shabiyah)
(government_name_of_country_local_short_form#algeria#Al Jaza'ir)
(government_data_code#algeria#AG)
(government_type_of_government#algeria#republic)
(government_capital#algeria#Algiers)
(government_administrative_divisions#algeria#48 provinces {wilayas, singular - wilaya}; Adrar, Ain Defla, Ain Temouchent, Alger, Annaba, Batna, Bechar, Bejaia, Biskra, Blida, Bordj Bou Arreridj, Bouira, Boumerdes, Chlef, Constantine, Djelfa, El Bayadh, El Oued, El Tarf, Ghardaia, Guelma, Illizi, Jijel, Khenchela, Laghouat, Mascara, Medea, Mila, Mostaganem, M'Sila, Naama, Oran, Ouargla, Oum el Bouaghi, Relizane, Saida, Setif, Sidi Bel Abbes, Skikda, Souk Ahras, Tamanghasset, Tebessa, Tiaret, Tindouf, Tipaza, Tissemsilt, Tizi Ouzou, Tlemcen)
(government_independence#algeria#5 July 1962 {from France})
(government_national_holiday#algeria#Anniversary of the Revolution, 1 November {1954})
(government_constitution#algeria#19 November 1976, effective 22 November 1976; revised 3 November 1988 and 23 February 1989)
(government_legal_system#algeria#socialist, based on French and Islamic law; judicial review of legislative acts in ad hoc Constitutional Council composed of various public officials, including several Supreme Court justices; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction)
(government_suffrage#algeria#18 years of age; universal)
(government_executive_branch_chief_of_state#algeria#President Liamine ZEROUAL {appointed president 31 January 1994, elected president 16 November 1995} was elected for a five-year term by universal suffrage; election last held 16 November 1995 {next to be held NA}; results - percent of vote NA)
(government_executive_branch_head_of_government#algeria#Prime Minister Ahmed OUYAHIA {since 31 December 1995} was appointed by the president)
(government_executive_branch_cabinet#algeria#Council of Ministers was appointed by the prime minister)
(government_legislative_branch#algeria#unicameral; note - suspended since 1992)
(government_national_people's_assembly_{al-majlis_ech-chaabi_al-watani}#algeria#first-round elections held 26 December 1991; second round canceled by the military after President BENDJEDID resigned 11 January 1992, effectively suspending the assembly {next election promised by late 1996 or early 1997}; results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - {281 total} the fundamentalist FIS won 188 of the 231 seats contested in the first round)
(government_judicial_branch#algeria#Supreme Court {Cour Supreme})
(government_political_parties_and_leaders#algeria#Islamic Salvation Front {FIS, outlawed April 1992}, Ali BELHADJ, Dr. Abassi MADANI, Rabeh KEBIR {self-exile in Germany}; National Liberation Front {FLN}, Boualem BENHAMOUDA, secretary general; Socialist Forces Front {FFS}, Hocine Ait AHMED, secretary general {self-exile in Switzerland}; Hamas, Mahfoud NAHNAH, chairman; Rally for Culture and Democracy {RCD}, Said SAADI, secretary general; Algerian Renewal Party {PRA}, Noureddine BOUKROUH, chairman)
(government_political_parties_and_leaders_note#algeria#the government established a multiparty system in September 1989 and, as of 31 December 1990, over 50 legal parties existed)
(government_international_organization_participation#algeria#ABEDA, AfDB, AFESD, AL, AMF, AMU, CCC, ECA, FAO, G-15, G-19, G-24, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, ISO, ITU, NAM, OAPEC, OAS {observer}, OAU, OIC, OPEC, OSCE {partner}, UN, UNAVEM III, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNMIH, UPU, WCL, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO {applicant})
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_chief_of_mission#algeria#Ambassador Osmane BENCHERIF)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_chancery#algeria#2118 Kalorama Road NW, Washington, DC 20008)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_telephone#algeria#[1] {202} 265-2800)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_chief_of_mission#algeria#Ambassador Ronald E. NEUMANN)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_embassy#algeria#4 Chemin Cheikh Bachir El-Ibrahimi, Algiers)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_mailing_address#algeria#B. P. Box 549, Alger-Gare, 16000 Algiers)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_telephone#algeria#[213] {2} 69-11-86, 69-18-54, 69-38-75, 69-12-55)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_fax#algeria#[213] {2} 69-39-79)
(government_flag#algeria#two equal vertical bands of green {hoist side} and white with a red, five-pointed star within a red crescent; the crescent, star, and color green are traditional symbols of Islam {the state religion})
(economy_economic_overview#algeria#The hydrocarbons sector is the backbone of the economy, accounting for roughly 57% of government revenues, 25% of GDP, and almost all export earnings; Algeria has the fifth-largest reserves of natural gas in the world and ranks fourteenth for oil. Algiers' efforts to reform one of the most centrally planned economies in the Arab world began after the 1986 collapse of world oil prices plunged the country into a severe recession. In 1989, the government launched a comprehensive, IMF-supported program to achieve economic stabilization and to introduce market mechanisms into the economy. Despite substantial progress toward economic adjustment, in 1992 the reform drive stalled as Algiers became embroiled in political turmoil. In September 1993, a new government was formed, and one priority was the resumption and acceleration of the structural adjustment process. Buffeted by the slump in world oil prices and burdened with a heavy foreign debt, Algiers concluded a one-year standby arrangement with the IMF in April 1994. Following a Paris Club debt rescheduling in 1995 and a robust harvest, the economy experienced a strong recovery and key economic improvements.)
(economy_gdp#algeria#purchasing power parity - $108.7 billion {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_real_growth_rate#algeria#3.5% {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_per_capita#algeria#$3,800 {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_agriculture#algeria#12%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_industry#algeria#50%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_services#algeria#38%)
(economy_inflation_rate_{consumer_prices}#algeria#28% {1995 est.})
(economy_labor_force#algeria#6.2 million {1992 est.})
(economy_labor_force_by_occupation#algeria#government 29.5%, agriculture 22%, construction and public works 16.2%, industry 13.6%, commerce and services 13.5%, transportation and communication 5.2% {1989})
(economy_unemployment_rate#algeria#25% {1995 est.})
(economy_budget_revenues#algeria#$14.3 billion)
(economy_budget_expenditures#algeria#$17.9 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA {1995 est.})
(economy_industries#algeria#petroleum, light industries, natural gas, mining, electrical, petrochemical, food processing)
(economy_industrial_production_growth_rate#algeria#NA%)
(economy_electricity_capacity#algeria#5,370,000 kW)
(economy_electricity_production#algeria#18.3 billion kWh)
(economy_electricity_consumption_per_capita#algeria#587 kWh {1993})
(economy_agriculture#algeria#wheat, barley, oats, grapes, olives, citrus, fruits; sheep, cattle)
(economy_exports#algeria#$9.5 billion {f.o.b., 1995 est.})
(economy_exports_commodities#algeria#petroleum and natural gas 97%)
(economy_exports_partners#algeria#Italy 21%, France 16%, US 14%, Germany 13%, Spain 9%)
(economy_imports#algeria#$10.6 billion {f.o.b., 1995 est.})
(economy_imports_commodities#algeria#capital goods 39.7%, food and beverages 21.7%, consumer goods 11.8% {1990})
(economy_imports_partners#algeria#France 29%, Italy 14%, Spain 9%, US 9%, Germany 7%)
(economy_external_debt#algeria#$26 billion {1994})
(economy_economic_aid_recipient#algeria#ODA, $316 million {1993})
(economy_currency#algeria#1 Algerian dinar {DA} = 100 centimes)
(economy_exchange_rates#algeria#Algerian dinars {DA} per US$1 - 53.003 {January 1996}, 47.663 {1995}, 35.059 {1994}, 23.345 {1993}, 21.836 {1992}, 18.473 {1991})
(economy_fiscal_year#algeria#calendar year)
(transportation_railways_total#algeria#4,772 km)
(transportation_railways_standard_gauge#algeria#3,616 km 1.435-m gauge {301 km electrified; 215 km double track})
(transportation_railways_narrow_gauge#algeria#1,156 km 1.055-m gauge)
(transportation_highways_total#algeria#95,576 km)
(transportation_highways_paved#algeria#63,080 km {including 400 km of expressways})
(transportation_highways_unpaved#algeria#32,496 km {1992 est.})
(transportation_pipelines#algeria#crude oil 6,612 km; petroleum products 298 km; natural gas 2,948 km)
(transportation_ports#algeria#Algiers, Annaba, Arzew, Bejaia, Beni Saf, Dellys, Djendjene, Ghazaouet, Jijel, Mostaganem, Oran, Skikda, Tenes)
(transportation_merchant_marine_total#algeria#77 ships {1,000 GRT or over} totaling 916,701 GRT/1,086,324 DWT)
(transportation_merchant_marine_ships_by_type#algeria#bulk 9, cargo 27, chemical tanker 7, liquefied gas tanker 10, oil tanker 5, roll-on/roll-off cargo 13, short-sea passenger 5, specialized tanker 1 {1995 est.})
(transportation_airports_total#algeria#119)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_over_3,047_m#algeria#8)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_2,438_to_3,047_m#algeria#24)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_1,524_to_2,437_m#algeria#13)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_914_to_1,523_m#algeria#4)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_under_914_m#algeria#17)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_2,438_to_3,047_m#algeria#3)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_1,524_to_2,437_m#algeria#19)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_914_to_1,523_m#algeria#31 {1995 est.})
(transportation_heliports#algeria#1 {1995 est.})
(communications_telephones#algeria#862,000 {1991 est.})
(communications_telephone_system_domestic#algeria#excellent service in north but sparse in south; domestic satellite system with 12 earth stations {20 additional domestic earth stations are planned})
(communications_telephone_system_international#algeria#5 submarine cables; microwave radio relay to Italy, France, Spain, Morocco, and Tunisia; coaxial cable to Morocco and Tunisia; participant in Medarabtel; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat {1 Atlantic Ocean and 1 Indian Ocean}, 1 Intersputnik, and 1 Arabsat)
(communications_radio_broadcast_stations#algeria#AM 26, FM 0, shortwave 0)
(communications_radios#algeria#6 million {1991 est.})
(communications_television_broadcast_stations#algeria#18)
(communications_televisions#algeria#2 million {1993 est.})
(defense_branches#algeria#National Popular Army, Navy, Air Force, Territorial Air Defense, National Gendarmerie)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_age_15-49#algeria#7,391,946)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_fit_for_military_service#algeria#4,534,267)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_reach_military_age_{19}_annually#algeria#326,229 {1996 est.})
(defense_defense_expenditures#algeria#exchange rate conversion - $1.3 billion, 2.7% of GDP {1994})
(header_affiliation#american_samoa#{territory of the US})
(geography_location#american_samoa#Oceania, group of islands in the South Pacific Ocean, about one-half of the way from Hawaii to New Zealand)
(geography_geographic_coordinates#american_samoa#14 20 S, 170 00 W)
(geography_map_references#american_samoa#Oceania)
(geography_area_total_area#american_samoa#199 sq km)
(geography_area_land_area#american_samoa#199 sq km)
(geography_area_comparative_area#american_samoa#slightly larger than Washington, DC)
(geography_area_note#american_samoa#includes Rose Island and Swains Island)
(geography_land_boundaries#american_samoa#0 km)
(geography_coastline#american_samoa#116 km)
(geography_maritime_claims_exclusive_economic_zone#american_samoa#200 nm)
(geography_maritime_claims_territorial_sea#american_samoa#12 nm)
(geography_international_disputes#american_samoa#none)
(geography_climate#american_samoa#tropical marine, moderated by southeast trade winds; annual rainfall averages 124 inches; rainy season from November to April, dry season from May to October; little seasonal temperature variation)
(geography_terrain#american_samoa#five volcanic islands with rugged peaks and limited coastal plains, two coral atolls {Rose Island, Swains Island})
(geography_terrain_lowest_point#american_samoa#Pacific Ocean 0 m)
(geography_terrain_highest_point#american_samoa#Lata 966 m)
(geography_natural_resources#american_samoa#pumice, pumicite)
(geography_land_use_arable_land#american_samoa#10%)
(geography_land_use_permanent_crops#american_samoa#5%)
(geography_land_use_meadows_and_pastures#american_samoa#0%)
(geography_land_use_forest_and_woodland#american_samoa#75%)
(geography_land_use_other#american_samoa#10%)
(geography_irrigated_land#american_samoa#NA sq km)
(geography_environment_current_issues#american_samoa#limited natural fresh water resources; in many areas of the island, water supplies come from roof catchments)
(geography_environment_natural_hazards#american_samoa#typhoons common from December to March)
(geography_environment_international_agreements#american_samoa#NA)
(geography_geographic_note#american_samoa#Pago Pago has one of the best natural deepwater harbors in the South Pacific Ocean, sheltered by shape from rough seas and protected by peripheral mountains from high winds; strategic location in the South Pacific Ocean)
(people_population#american_samoa#59,566 {July 1996 est.})
(people_age_structure_0-14_years#american_samoa#NA)
(people_age_structure_15-64_years#american_samoa#NA)
(people_age_structure_65_years_and_over#american_samoa#NA)
(people_population_growth_rate#american_samoa#3.77% {1996 est.})
(people_birth_rate#american_samoa#35.75 births/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_death_rate#american_samoa#4.01 deaths/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_net_migration_rate#american_samoa#6 migrant{s}/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_sex_ratio_at_birth#american_samoa#NA male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_under_15_years#american_samoa#NA male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_15-64_years#american_samoa#NA male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_65_years_and_over#american_samoa#NA male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_all_ages#american_samoa#NA male{s}/female)
(people_infant_mortality_rate#american_samoa#18.78 deaths/1,000 live births {1996 est.})
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_total_population#american_samoa#72.91 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_male#american_samoa#71.03 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_female#american_samoa#74.85 years {1996 est.})
(people_total_fertility_rate#american_samoa#4.24 children born/woman {1996 est.})
(people_nationality_noun#american_samoa#American Samoan{s})
(people_nationality_adjective#american_samoa#American Samoan)
(people_ethnic_divisions#american_samoa#Samoan {Polynesian} 89%, Caucasian 2%, Tongan 4%, other 5%)
(people_religions#american_samoa#Christian Congregationalist 50%, Roman Catholic 20%, Protestant denominations and other 30%)
(people_languages#american_samoa#Samoan {closely related to Hawaiian and other Polynesian languages}, English)
(people_languages_note#american_samoa#most people are bilingual)
(people_literacy#american_samoa#age 15 and over can read and write {1980 est.})
(people_literacy_total_population#american_samoa#97%)
(people_literacy_male#american_samoa#98%)
(people_literacy_female#american_samoa#97%)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_long_form#american_samoa#Territory of American Samoa)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_short_form#american_samoa#American Samoa)
(government_name_of_country_abbreviation#american_samoa#AS)
(government_data_code#american_samoa#AQ)
(government_type_of_government#american_samoa#unincorporated and unorganized territory of the US; administered by the US Department of Interior, Office of Territorial and International Affairs)
(government_capital#american_samoa#Pago Pago)
(government_administrative_divisions#american_samoa#none {territory of the US})
(government_independence#american_samoa#none {territory of the US})
(government_national_holiday#american_samoa#Territorial Flag Day, 17 April {1900})
(government_constitution#american_samoa#ratified 1966, in effect 1967)
(government_legal_system#american_samoa#NA)
(government_suffrage#american_samoa#18 years of age; universal)
(government_executive_branch_chief_of_state#american_samoa#President {of the US} William Jefferson CLINTON {since 20 January 1993} and Vice President Albert GORE, Jr. {since 20 January 1993} are popularly elected by the citizens of the US)
(government_executive_branch_head_of_government#american_samoa#Governor A. P. LUTALI {since 3 January 1993} and Lieutenant Governor Tauese P. SUNIA {since 3 January 1993} were elected for a four-year term by popular vote; election last held 3 November 1992 {next to be held NA November 1996}; results - A. P. LUTALI {Democrat} 53%, Peter Tali COLEMAN {Republican} 36%)
(government_legislative_branch#american_samoa#bicameral Legislative Assembly {Fono})
(government_house_of_representatives#american_samoa#elections last held 8 November 1994 {next to be held NA November 1996}; results - representatives popularly elected from 17 house districts; percent of vote by party NA; seats - {21 total, 20 elected, and 1 nonvoting delegate from Swains Island}; number of seats by party NA)
(government_senate#american_samoa#elections last held 3 November 1992 {next to be held NA November 1996}; results - senators elected by village chiefs from 12 senate districts; percent of vote by party NA; seats - {18 total} number of seats by party NA)
(government_us_house_of_representatives#american_samoa#elections last held 8 November 1994 {next to be held NA November 1996}; results - Eni R. F. H. FALEOMAVAEGA reelected as delegate)
(government_judicial_branch#american_samoa#High Court, chief justice and associate justices are appointed by the US Secretary of the Interior)
(government_political_parties_and_leaders#american_samoa#NA)
(government_international_organization_participation#american_samoa#ESCAP {associate}, Interpol {subbureau}, IOC, SPC)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us#american_samoa#none {territory of the US})
(government_us_diplomatic_representation#american_samoa#none {territory of the US})
(government_flag#american_samoa#blue with a white triangle edged in red that is based on the outer side and extends to the hoist side; a brown and white American bald eagle flying toward the hoist side is carrying two traditional Samoan symbols of authority, a staff and a war club)
(economy_economic_overview#american_samoa#Economic activity is strongly linked to the US, with which American Samoa conducts 80%-90% of its foreign trade. Tuna fishing and tuna processing plants are the backbone of the private sector, with canned tuna the primary export. The tuna canneries and the government are by far the two largest employers. Other economic activities include a slowly developing tourist industry. Transfers from the US Government add substantially to American Samoa's economic well-being.)
(economy_gdp#american_samoa#purchasing power parity - $128 million {1991 est.})
(economy_gdp_real_growth_rate#american_samoa#NA%)
(economy_gdp_per_capita#american_samoa#$2,600 {1991 est.})
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_agriculture#american_samoa#NA%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_industry#american_samoa#NA%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_services#american_samoa#NA%)
(economy_inflation_rate_{consumer_prices}#american_samoa#NA)
(economy_labor_force#american_samoa#14,400 {1990})
(economy_labor_force_by_occupation#american_samoa#government 33%, tuna canneries 34%, other 33% {1990})
(economy_unemployment_rate#american_samoa#12% {1991})
(economy_budget_revenues#american_samoa#$97 million {$43 million in local revenue and $54 million in grant revenue})
(economy_budget_expenditures#american_samoa#$NA, including capital expenditures of $NA {FY90/91})
(economy_industries#american_samoa#tuna canneries {largely dependent on foreign fishing vessels}, meat canning, handicrafts)
(economy_industrial_production_growth_rate#american_samoa#NA%)
(economy_electricity_capacity#american_samoa#30,000 kW)
(economy_electricity_production#american_samoa#90 million kWh)
(economy_electricity_consumption_per_capita#american_samoa#1,505 kWh {1993})
(economy_agriculture#american_samoa#bananas, coconuts, vegetables, taro, breadfruit, yams, copra, pineapples, papayas; dairy farming)
(economy_exports#american_samoa#$306 million {f.o.b., 1989})
(economy_exports_commodities#american_samoa#canned tuna 93%)
(economy_exports_partners#american_samoa#US 99.6%)
(economy_imports#american_samoa#$360.3 million {c.i.f., 1989})
(economy_imports_commodities#american_samoa#materials for canneries 56%, food 8%, petroleum products 7%, machinery and parts 6%)
(economy_imports_partners#american_samoa#US 62%, Japan 9%, NZ 7%, Australia 11%, Fiji 4%, other 7%)
(economy_external_debt#american_samoa#$NA)
(economy_economic_aid_recipient#american_samoa#ODA, $NA)
(economy_economic_aid_note#american_samoa#$21 million in operational funds and $1.2 million in construction funds for capital improvement projects from the US Department of Interior {1991})
(economy_currency#american_samoa#1 US dollar {US$} = 100 cents)
(economy_exchange_rates#american_samoa#US currency is used)
(economy_fiscal_year#american_samoa#1 October - 30 September)
(transportation_railways#american_samoa#0 km)
(transportation_highways_total#american_samoa#350 km)
(transportation_highways_paved#american_samoa#150 km)
(transportation_highways_unpaved#american_samoa#200 km)
(transportation_ports#american_samoa#Aanu'u {new construction}, Auasi, Faleosao, Ofu, Pago Pago, Ta'u)
(transportation_merchant_marine#american_samoa#none)
(transportation_airports_total#american_samoa#3)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_2,438_to_3,047_m#american_samoa#1)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_under_914_m#american_samoa#2)
(transportation_airports_note#american_samoa#small airstrips on Fituita and Ofu {1995 est.})
(communications_telephones#american_samoa#8,399)
(communications_telephone_system_domestic#american_samoa#good telex, telegraph, and facsimile services; domestic satellite system with 1 Comsat earth station)
(communications_telephone_system_international#american_samoa#satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat {Pacific Ocean})
(communications_radio_broadcast_stations#american_samoa#AM 1, FM 1, shortwave 0)
(communications_radios#american_samoa#NA)
(communications_television_broadcast_stations#american_samoa#1)
(communications_televisions#american_samoa#8,000 {1993 est.})
(defense_defense_note#american_samoa#defense is the responsibility of the US)
(geography_location#andorra#Southwestern Europe, between France and Spain)
(geography_geographic_coordinates#andorra#42 30 N, 1 30 E)
(geography_map_references#andorra#Europe)
(geography_area_total_area#andorra#450 sq km)
(geography_area_land_area#andorra#450 sq km)
(geography_area_comparative_area#andorra#2.5 times the size of Washington, DC)
(geography_land_boundaries_total#andorra#125 km)
(geography_land_boundaries_border_countries#andorra#France 60 km, Spain 65 km)
(geography_coastline#andorra#0 km {landlocked})
(geography_maritime_claims#andorra#none {landlocked})
(geography_international_disputes#andorra#none)
(geography_climate#andorra#temperate; snowy, cold winters and warm, dry summers)
(geography_terrain#andorra#rugged mountains dissected by narrow valleys)
(geography_terrain_lowest_point#andorra#Riu Valira 840 m)
(geography_terrain_highest_point#andorra#Coma Pedrosa 2,946 m)
(geography_natural_resources#andorra#hydropower, mineral water, timber, iron ore, lead)
(geography_land_use_arable_land#andorra#2%)
(geography_land_use_permanent_crops#andorra#0%)
(geography_land_use_meadows_and_pastures#andorra#56%)
(geography_land_use_forest_and_woodland#andorra#22%)
(geography_land_use_other#andorra#20%)
(geography_irrigated_land#andorra#NA sq km)
(geography_environment_current_issues#andorra#deforestation; overgrazing of mountain meadows contributes to soil erosion)
(geography_environment_natural_hazards#andorra#snowslides, avalanches)
(geography_environment_international_agreements#andorra#NA)
(geography_geographic_note#andorra#landlocked)
(people_population#andorra#72,766 {July 1996 est.})
(people_age_structure_0-14_years#andorra#16% {male 5,829; female 5,851})
(people_age_structure_15-64_years#andorra#73% {male 28,724; female 24,757})
(people_age_structure_65_years_and_over#andorra#11% {male 3,718; female 3,887} {July 1996 est.})
(people_population_growth_rate#andorra#2.96% {1996 est.})
(people_birth_rate#andorra#10.2 births/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_death_rate#andorra#2.9 deaths/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_net_migration_rate#andorra#22.29 migrant{s}/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_sex_ratio_at_birth#andorra#0.96 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_under_15_years#andorra#1 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_15-64_years#andorra#1.16 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_65_years_and_over#andorra#0.96 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_all_ages#andorra#1.11 male{s}/female)
(people_infant_mortality_rate#andorra#2.2 deaths/1,000 live births {1996 est.})
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_total_population#andorra#90.94 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_male#andorra#86.47 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_female#andorra#95.2 years {1996 est.})
(people_total_fertility_rate#andorra#1.14 children born/woman {1996 est.})
(people_nationality_noun#andorra#Andorran{s})
(people_nationality_adjective#andorra#Andorran)
(people_ethnic_divisions#andorra#Spanish 61%, Andorran 30%, French 6%, other 3%)
(people_religions#andorra#Roman Catholic {predominant})
(people_languages#andorra#Catalan {official}, French, Castilian)
(people_literacy#andorra#NA)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_long_form#andorra#Principality of Andorra)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_short_form#andorra#Andorra)
(government_name_of_country_local_long_form#andorra#Principat d'Andorra)
(government_name_of_country_local_short_form#andorra#Andorra)
(government_data_code#andorra#AN)
(government_type_of_government#andorra#parliamentary democracy {since March 1993} that retains as its heads of state a coprincipality; the two princes are the president of France and Spanish bishop of Seo de Urgel, who are represented locally by officials called veguers)
(government_capital#andorra#Andorra la Vella)
(government_administrative_divisions#andorra#7 parishes {parroquies, singular - parroquia}; Andorra, Canillo, Encamp, La Massana, Les Escaldes, Ordino, Sant Julia de Loria)
(government_independence#andorra#1278)
(government_national_holiday#andorra#Mare de Deu de Meritxell, 8 September)
(government_constitution#andorra#Andorra's first written constitution was drafted in 1991; adopted 14 March 1993)
(government_legal_system#andorra#based on French and Spanish civil codes; no judicial review of legislative acts; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction)
(government_suffrage#andorra#18 years of age; universal)
(government_executive_branch_chiefs_of_state#andorra#French Coprince Jacques CHIRAC {since 17 May 1995} and Spanish Episcopal Coprince Monseigneur Juan MARTI Alanis {since 31 January 1971}; each coprince is represented by a veguer {current names NA})
(government_executive_branch_head_of_government#andorra#Executive Council President Marc FORNE Molne {since 21 December 1994} was elected by the General Council and formally appointed by the coprinces)
(government_executive_branch_cabinet#andorra#Executive Council was designated by the executive council president)
(government_legislative_branch#andorra#unicameral)
(government_general_council_of_the_valleys_{consell_general_de_las_valls}#andorra#elections last held 12 December 1993 {next to be held NA 1997}; results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - {28 total} AND 8, UL 5, ND 5, CNA 2, IDN 2, other 6)
(government_judicial_branch#andorra#Supreme Court of Andorra at Perpignan {France} for civil cases, two civil judges appointed by the veguers, one appeals judge appointed by the co-princes alternately; Ecclesiastical Court of the Bishop of Seo de Urgel {Spain} for civil cases; Tribunal of the Courts {Tribunal des Cortes} for criminal cases, presided over by the two civil judges, one appeals judge, the veguers, and two members of the General Council)
(government_political_parties_and_leaders#andorra#National Democratic Group {AND}, Oscar RIBAS Reig and Jordi FARRAS; Liberal Union {UL}, Francesc CERQUEDA; New Democracy {ND}, Jaume BARTOMEU; Andorran National Coalition {CNA}, Antoni CERQUEDA; National Democratic Initiative {IDN}, Vincenc MATEU; Liberal Union {UL}, Marc FORNE)
(government_political_parties_and_leaders_note#andorra#there are two other small parties)
(government_international_organization_participation#andorra#CE, ECE, IFRCS, Interpol, IOC, ITU, UN, UNESCO, WIPO)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_chief_of_mission#andorra#Ambassador Juli MINOVES-TRIQUELL {also Permanent Representative to the UN})
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_embassy#andorra#2 United Nations Plaza, 25th Floor, New York, NY 10017)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_telephone#andorra#{212} 750-8064)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_fax#andorra#{212} 750-6630)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation#andorra#the US does not have an embassy in Andorra; US interests in Andorra are represented by the Consulate General's office in Barcelona {Spain}; mailing address: Paseo Reina Elisenda, 23, 08034 Barcelona, Spain; telephone: {343} 280-2227; FAX: {343} 205-7705; note - Consul General Maurice S. PARKER makes periodic visits to Andorra)
(government_flag#andorra#three equal vertical bands of blue {hoist side}, yellow, and red with the national coat of arms centered in the yellow band; the coat of arms features a quartered shield; similar to the flags of Chad and Romania that do not have a national coat of arms in the center)
(economy_economic_overview#andorra#Tourism, the mainstay of Andorra's tiny, well-to-do economy, accounts for roughly 80% of GDP. An estimated 13 million tourists visit annually, attracted by Andorra's duty-free status and by its summer and winter resorts. Andorra's comparative advantage has recently eroded as the economies of neighboring France and Spain have been opened up, providing broader availability of goods and lower tariffs. The banking sector, with its "tax haven" status, also contributes substantially to the economy. Agricultural production is limited by a scarcity of arable land, and most food has to be imported. The principal livestock activity is sheep raising. Manufacturing consists mainly of cigarettes, cigars, and furniture. Andorra is a member of the EU Customs Union and is treated as an EU member for trade in manufactured goods {no tariffs} and as a non-EU member for agricultural products.)
(economy_gdp#andorra#purchasing power parity - $1 billion {1993 est.})
(economy_gdp_real_growth_rate#andorra#NA%)
(economy_gdp_per_capita#andorra#$16,200 {1993 est.})
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_agriculture#andorra#NA%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_industry#andorra#NA%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_services#andorra#NA%)
(economy_inflation_rate_{consumer_prices}#andorra#NA%)
(economy_labor_force#andorra#NA)
(economy_unemployment_rate#andorra#0%)
(economy_budget_revenues#andorra#$138 million)
(economy_budget_expenditures#andorra#$177 million, including capital expenditures of $NA {1993})
(economy_industries#andorra#tourism {particularly skiing}, sheep, timber, tobacco, banking)
(economy_industrial_production_growth_rate#andorra#NA%)
(economy_electricity_capacity#andorra#35,000 kW)
(economy_electricity_production#andorra#140 million kWh)
(economy_electricity_consumption_per_capita#andorra#2,570 kWh {1992})
(economy_agriculture#andorra#small quantities of tobacco, rye, wheat, barley, oats, vegetables; sheep raising)
(economy_exports#andorra#$46.2 million {f.o.b., 1993})
(economy_exports_commodities#andorra#electricity, tobacco products, furniture)
(economy_exports_partners#andorra#France 35%, Spain 59%)
(economy_imports#andorra#$920.2 million {1993})
(economy_imports_commodities#andorra#consumer goods, food)
(economy_imports_partners#andorra#France, Spain, US 2.6% {1992})
(economy_external_debt#andorra#$NA)
(economy_economic_aid#andorra#none)
(economy_currency#andorra#1 French franc {F} = 100 centimes; 1 peseta {Pta} = 100 centimos; the French and Spanish currencies are used)
(economy_exchange_rates#andorra#French francs {F} per US$1 - 5.0056 {January 1996}, 4.9915 {1995}, 5.5520 {1994}, 5.6632 {1993}, 5.2938 {1992}, 5.6421 {1991}; Spanish pesetas {Ptas} per US$1 - 123.19 {January 1996}, 124.69 {1995}, 133.96 {1994}, 127.26 {1993}, 102.38 {1992}, 103.91 {1991})
(economy_fiscal_year#andorra#calendar year)
(transportation_railways#andorra#0 km)
(transportation_highways_total#andorra#269 km)
(transportation_highways_paved#andorra#198 km)
(transportation_highways_unpaved#andorra#71 km {1991 est.})
(transportation_ports#andorra#none)
(transportation_airports#andorra#none)
(communications_telephones#andorra#21,258 {1983 est.})
(communications_telephone_system_domestic#andorra#modern system with microwave radio relay connections between exchanges)
(communications_telephone_system_international#andorra#landline circuits to France and Spain)
(communications_radio_broadcast_stations#andorra#AM 1, FM 0, shortwave 0)
(communications_radios#andorra#10,000 {1993 est.})
(communications_television_broadcast_stations#andorra#0)
(communications_televisions#andorra#7,000 {1991 est.})
(defense_defense_note#andorra#defense is the responsibility of France and Spain)
(header_note#angola#Civil war has been the norm since independence from Portugal on 11 November 1975; a cease-fire lasted from 31 May 1991 until October 1992 when the insurgent National Union for the Total Independence of Angola {UNITA} refused to accept its defeat in internationally monitored elections and fighting resumed throughout much of the countryside. The two sides signed another peace accord on 20 November 1994; the cease-fire is generally holding, but most provisions of the accord remain to be implemented.)
(geography_location#angola#Southern Africa, bordering the South Atlantic Ocean, between Namibia and Zaire)
(geography_geographic_coordinates#angola#12 30 S, 18 30 E)
(geography_map_references#angola#Africa)
(geography_area_total_area#angola#1,246,700 sq km)
(geography_area_land_area#angola#1,246,700 sq km)
(geography_area_comparative_area#angola#slightly less than twice the size of Texas)
(geography_land_boundaries_total#angola#5,198 km)
(geography_land_boundaries_border_countries#angola#Congo 201 km, Namibia 1,376 km, Zaire 2,511 km, Zambia 1,110 km)
(geography_coastline#angola#1,600 km)
(geography_maritime_claims_exclusive_fishing_zone#angola#200 nm)
(geography_maritime_claims_territorial_sea#angola#20 nm)
(geography_international_disputes#angola#none)
(geography_climate#angola#semiarid in south and along coast to Luanda; north has cool, dry season {May to October} and hot, rainy season {November to April})
(geography_terrain#angola#narrow coastal plain rises abruptly to vast interior plateau)
(geography_terrain_lowest_point#angola#Atlantic Ocean 0 m)
(geography_terrain_highest_point#angola#Moro de Moco 2,620 m)
(geography_natural_resources#angola#petroleum, diamonds, iron ore, phosphates, copper, feldspar, gold, bauxite, uranium)
(geography_land_use_arable_land#angola#2%)
(geography_land_use_permanent_crops#angola#0%)
(geography_land_use_meadows_and_pastures#angola#23%)
(geography_land_use_forest_and_woodland#angola#43%)
(geography_land_use_other#angola#32%)
(geography_irrigated_land#angola#NA sq km)
(geography_environment_current_issues#angola#population pressures contributing to overuse of pastures and subsequent soil erosion; desertification; deforestation of tropical rain forest attributable to the international demand for tropical timber and domestic use as a fuel; deforestation contributing to loss of biodiversity; soil erosion contributing to water pollution and siltation of rivers and dams; inadequate supplies of potable water)
(geography_environment_natural_hazards#angola#locally heavy rainfall causes periodic flooding on the plateau)
(geography_environment_international_agreements#angola#party to - Law of the Sea; signed, but not ratified - Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification)
(geography_geographic_note#angola#Cabinda is separated from rest of country by Zaire)
(people_population#angola#10,342,899 {July 1996 est.})
(people_age_structure_0-14_years#angola#45% {male 2,340,804; female 2,275,689})
(people_age_structure_15-64_years#angola#53% {male 2,748,417; female 2,706,295})
(people_age_structure_65_years_and_over#angola#2% {male 128,067; female 143,627} {July 1996 est.})
(people_population_growth_rate#angola#2.68% {1996 est.})
(people_birth_rate#angola#44.58 births/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_death_rate#angola#17.66 deaths/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_net_migration_rate#angola#-0.14 migrant{s}/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_sex_ratio_at_birth#angola#1.05 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_under_15_years#angola#1.03 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_15-64_years#angola#1.02 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_65_years_and_over#angola#0.89 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_all_ages#angola#1.02 male{s}/female {1996 est.})
(people_infant_mortality_rate#angola#138.9 deaths/1,000 live births {1996 est.})
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_total_population#angola#46.8 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_male#angola#44.65 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_female#angola#49.06 years {1996 est.})
(people_total_fertility_rate#angola#6.35 children born/woman {1996 est.})
(people_nationality_noun#angola#Angolan{s})
(people_nationality_adjective#angola#Angolan)
(people_ethnic_divisions#angola#Ovimbundu 37%, Kimbundu 25%, Bakongo 13%, mestico {mixed European and Native African} 2%, European 1%, other 22%)
(people_religions#angola#indigenous beliefs 47%, Roman Catholic 38%, Protestant 15% {est.})
(people_languages#angola#Portuguese {official}, Bantu and other African languages)
(people_literacy#angola#age 15 and over can read and write {1990 est.})
(people_literacy_total_population#angola#42%)
(people_literacy_male#angola#56%)
(people_literacy_female#angola#28%)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_long_form#angola#Republic of Angola)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_short_form#angola#Angola)
(government_name_of_country_local_long_form#angola#Republica de Angola)
(government_name_of_country_local_short_form#angola#Angola)
(government_name_of_country_former#angola#People's Republic of Angola)
(government_data_code#angola#AO)
(government_type_of_government#angola#transitional government nominally a multiparty democracy with a strong presidential system)
(government_capital#angola#Luanda)
(government_administrative_divisions#angola#18 provinces {provincias, singular - provincia}; Bengo, Benguela, Bie, Cabinda, Cuando Cubango, Cuanza Norte, Cuanza Sul, Cunene, Huambo, Huila, Luanda, Lunda Norte, Lunda Sul, Malanje, Moxico, Namibe, Uige, Zaire)
(government_independence#angola#11 November 1975 {from Portugal})
(government_national_holiday#angola#Independence Day, 11 November {1975})
(government_constitution#angola#11 November 1975; revised 7 January 1978, 11 August 1980, 6 March 1991, and 26 August 1992)
(government_legal_system#angola#based on Portuguese civil law system and customary law; recently modified to accommodate political pluralism and increased use of free markets)
(government_suffrage#angola#18 years of age; universal)
(government_executive_branch_chief_of_state#angola#President Jose Eduardo DOS SANTOS {since 21 September 1979} was originally elected without opposition under a one party system and stood for election in Angola's first multiparty elections on 29-30 September 1992; DOS SANTOS received 49.6% of the total vote, making a run-off election necessary between him and second-place Jonas SAVIMBI; the run-off was not held and SAVIMBI's National Union for the Total Independence of Angola {UNITA} disputed the results of the first election; the civil war was resumed)
(government_executive_branch_head_of_government#angola#Prime Minister Marcolino Jose Carlos MOCO {since 2 December 1992} was appointed by the president and is answerable to the Assembly)
(government_executive_branch_cabinet#angola#Council of Ministers was appointed by the president)
(government_legislative_branch#angola#unicameral)
(government_national_assembly_{assembleia_nacional}#angola#elections last held 29-30 September 1992 {next to be held NA}; results {disputed} - percentage of vote by party NA; seats {223 total} - seats by party NA)
(government_judicial_branch#angola#Supreme Court {Tribunal da Relacao}, judges of the Supreme Court are appointed by the president)
(government_political_parties_and_leaders#angola#Popular Movement for the Liberation of Angola {MPLA}, led by Jose Eduardo DOS SANTOS, is the ruling party and has been in power since 1975; National Union for the Total Independence of Angola {UNITA}, led by Jonas SAVIMBI, is a legal party despite its history of armed resistance to the government; five minor parties have small numbers of seats in the National Assembly)
(government_other_political_or_pressure_groups#angola#Front for the Liberation of the Enclave of Cabinda {FLEC}, N'ZITA Tiago, leader of largest faction {FLEC-FAC})
(government_other_political_or_pressure_groups_note#angola#FLEC is waging a small-scale, highly factionalized, armed struggle for the independence of Cabinda Province)
(government_international_organization_participation#angola#ACP, AfDB, CCC, CEEAC {observer}, ECA, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ITU, NAM, OAS {observer}, OAU, SADC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_chief_of_mission#angola#Ambassador Antonio dos Santos FRANCA "N'dalu")
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_embassy#angola#1819 L Street NW, Suite 400, Washington, DC 20036)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_telephone#angola#[1] {202} 785-1156)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_fax#angola#[1] {202} 785-1258)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_chief_of_mission#angola#Ambassador Donald K. STEINBERG)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_embassy#angola#No. 32 Rua Houari Boumedienne, Miramar, Luanda)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_mailing_address#angola#C.P. 6484, Luanda; American Embassy, Luanda, Department of State, Washington, DC 20521-2550 {pouch})
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_telephone#angola#[244] {2} 345-481, 346-418)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_fax#angola#[244] {2} 346-924)
(government_flag#angola#two equal horizontal bands of red {top} and black with a centered yellow emblem consisting of a five-pointed star within half a cogwheel crossed by a machete {in the style of a hammer and sickle})
(economy_economic_overview#angola#Angola is an economy in disarray. Despite its abundant natural resources, output per capita is among the world's lowest. Subsistence agriculture provides the main livelihood for 80%-90% of the population but accounts for less than 15% of GDP. Oil production and the supporting activities are vital to the economy, contributing about 50% to GDP. Despite the signing of a peace accord in November 1994 between the Angola Government and the UNITA insurgents, sporadic fighting continues and many farmers remain reluctant to return to their fields. As a result, much of the country's food must still be imported. To take advantage of its rich resources - notably gold, diamonds, extensive forests, Atlantic fisheries, and arable land, in addition to its large oil deposits - Angola will need to observe the cease-fire, implement the peace agreement, and reform government policies.)
(economy_gdp#angola#purchasing power parity - $7.4 billion {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_real_growth_rate#angola#4% {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_per_capita#angola#$700 {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_agriculture#angola#12%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_industry#angola#56%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_services#angola#32% {1994 est.})
(economy_inflation_rate_{consumer_prices}#angola#20% monthly average {1994 est.})
(economy_labor_force#angola#2.783 million economically active)
(economy_labor_force_by_occupation#angola#agriculture 85%, industry 15% {1985 est.})
(economy_unemployment_rate#angola#24% with extensive underemployment {1993 est.})
(economy_budget_revenues#angola#$928 million)
(economy_budget_expenditures#angola#$2.5 billion, including capital expenditures of $963 million {1992 est.})
(economy_industries#angola#petroleum; diamonds, iron ore, phosphates, feldspar, bauxite, uranium, and gold; fish processing; food processing; brewing; tobacco; sugar; textiles; cement; basic metal products)
(economy_industrial_production_growth_rate#angola#NA%)
(economy_electricity_capacity#angola#620,000 kW)
(economy_electricity_production#angola#1.9 billion kWh)
(economy_electricity_consumption_per_capita#angola#189 kWh {1993})
(economy_agriculture#angola#bananas, sugarcane, coffee, sisal, corn, cotton, manioc {tapioca}, tobacco, vegetables, plantains; livestock; forest products; fish)
(economy_illicit_drugs#angola#increasingly used as a transshipment point for cocaine and heroin destined for Western Europe and other African states)
(economy_exports#angola#$3 billion {f.o.b., 1993 est.})
(economy_exports_commodities#angola#oil, diamonds, refined petroleum products, gas, coffee, sisal, fish and fish products, timber, cotton)
(economy_exports_partners#angola#US, France, Germany, Netherlands, Brazil)
(economy_imports#angola#$1.6 billion {f.o.b., 1992 est.})
(economy_imports_commodities#angola#capital equipment {machinery and electrical equipment}, food, vehicles and spare parts, textiles and clothing, medicines, substantial military deliveries)
(economy_imports_partners#angola#Portugal, Brazil, US, France, Spain)
(economy_external_debt#angola#$12 billion {1995 est.})
(economy_economic_aid_recipient#angola#ODA, $189 million {1993})
(economy_currency#angola#1 new kwanza {NKz} = 100 lwei)
(economy_exchange_rates#angola#new kwanza {NKz} per US$1 - 900,000 {official rate 25 April 1995}, 1,900,000 {black market rate 6 April 1995}, 600,000 {official rate 10 January 1995}, 90,000 {official rate 1 June 1994}, 180,000 {black market rate 1 June 1994}; 7,000 {official rate 16 December 1993}, 50,000 {black market rate 16 December 1993}; 3,884 {July 1993}; 550 {April 1992}; 90 {November 1991}; 60 {October 1990})
(economy_fiscal_year#angola#calendar year)
(transportation_railways_total#angola#2,952 km {1995 est.}; note - limited trackage in use because of landmines still in place from the civil war)
(transportation_railways_narrow_gauge#angola#2,798 km 1.067-m gauge; 154 km 0.600-m gauge)
(transportation_highways_total#angola#72,626 km)
(transportation_highways_paved#angola#18,157 km)
(transportation_highways_unpaved#angola#54,469 km {1992 est.})
(transportation_waterways#angola#1,295 km navigable)
(transportation_pipelines#angola#crude oil 179 km)
(transportation_ports#angola#Ambriz, Cabinda, Lobito, Luanda, Malogo, Namibe, Porto Amboim, Soyo)
(transportation_merchant_marine_total#angola#12 ships {1,000 GRT or over} totaling 63,776 GRT/99,863 DWT)
(transportation_merchant_marine_ships_by_type#angola#cargo 11, oil tanker 1 {1995 est.})
(transportation_airports_total#angola#143)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_over_3,047_m#angola#3)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_2,438_to_3,047_m#angola#8)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_1,524_to_2,437_m#angola#11)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_914_to_1,523_m#angola#4)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_under_914_m#angola#40)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_over_3,047_m#angola#1)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_2,438_to_3,047_m#angola#4)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_1,524_to_2,437_m#angola#24)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_914_to_1,523_m#angola#48 {1995 est.})
(communications_telephones#angola#78,000 {1991 est.})
(communications_telephone_system#angola#telephone service limited mostly to government and business use; HF radiotelephone used extensively for military links)
(communications_telephone_system_domestic#angola#limited system of wire, microwave radio relay, and tropospheric scatter)
(communications_telephone_system_international#angola#satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat {Atlantic Ocean})
(communications_radio_broadcast_stations#angola#AM 17, FM 13, shortwave 0)
(communications_radios#angola#NA)
(communications_television_broadcast_stations#angola#6)
(communications_televisions#angola#50,000 {1993 est.})
(defense_branches#angola#Army, Navy, Air and Air Defense Forces, National Police Force)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_age_15-49#angola#2,373,087)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_fit_for_military_service#angola#1,195,176)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_reach_military_age_{18}_annually#angola#106,456 {1996 est.})
(defense_defense_expenditures#angola#exchange rate conversion - $1.1 billion, 31% of GDP {1993})
(header_affiliation#anguilla#{dependent territory of the UK})
(geography_location#anguilla#Caribbean, island in the Caribbean Sea, east of Puerto Rico)
(geography_geographic_coordinates#anguilla#18 15 N, 63 10 W)
(geography_map_references#anguilla#Central America and the Caribbean)
(geography_area_total_area#anguilla#91 sq km)
(geography_area_land_area#anguilla#91 sq km)
(geography_area_comparative_area#anguilla#about half the size of Washington, DC)
(geography_land_boundaries#anguilla#0 km)
(geography_coastline#anguilla#61 km)
(geography_maritime_claims_exclusive_fishing_zone#anguilla#200 nm)
(geography_maritime_claims_territorial_sea#anguilla#3 nm)
(geography_international_disputes#anguilla#none)
(geography_climate#anguilla#tropical; moderated by northeast trade winds)
(geography_terrain#anguilla#flat and low-lying island of coral and limestone)
(geography_terrain_lowest_point#anguilla#Caribbean Sea 0 m)
(geography_terrain_highest_point#anguilla#Crocus Hill 65 m)
(geography_natural_resources#anguilla#salt, fish, lobster)
(geography_land_use_arable_land#anguilla#NA%)
(geography_land_use_permanent_crops#anguilla#NA%)
(geography_land_use_meadows_and_pastures#anguilla#NA%)
(geography_land_use_forest_and_woodland#anguilla#NA%)
(geography_land_use_other#anguilla#NA% {mostly rock with sparse scrub oak, few trees, some commercial salt ponds})
(geography_irrigated_land#anguilla#NA sq km)
(geography_environment_current_issues#anguilla#supplies of potable water sometimes cannot meet increasing demand largely because of poor distribution system)
(geography_environment_natural_hazards#anguilla#frequent hurricanes and other tropical storms {July to October})
(geography_environment_international_agreements#anguilla#NA)
(people_population#anguilla#10,424 {July 1996 est.})
(people_age_structure_0-14_years#anguilla#28% {male 1,491; female 1,450})
(people_age_structure_15-64_years#anguilla#64% {male 3,418; female 3,275})
(people_age_structure_65_years_and_over#anguilla#8% {male 342; female 448} {July 1996 est.})
(people_population_growth_rate#anguilla#3.45% {1996 est.})
(people_birth_rate#anguilla#17.84 births/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_death_rate#anguilla#5.66 deaths/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_net_migration_rate#anguilla#22.35 migrant{s}/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_sex_ratio_at_birth#anguilla#1.04 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_under_15_years#anguilla#1.03 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_15-64_years#anguilla#1.04 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_65_years_and_over#anguilla#0.76 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_all_ages#anguilla#1.02 male{s}/female)
(people_infant_mortality_rate#anguilla#23 deaths/1,000 live births {1996 est.})
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_total_population#anguilla#76.7 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_male#anguilla#73.75 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_female#anguilla#79.74 years {1996 est.})
(people_total_fertility_rate#anguilla#2.04 children born/woman {1996 est.})
(people_nationality_noun#anguilla#Anguillan{s})
(people_nationality_adjective#anguilla#Anguillan)
(people_ethnic_divisions#anguilla#black African)
(people_religions#anguilla#Anglican 40%, Methodist 33%, Seventh-Day Adventist 7%, Baptist 5%, Roman Catholic 3%, other 12%)
(people_languages#anguilla#English {official})
(people_literacy#anguilla#age 12 and over can read and write {1984 est.})
(people_literacy_total_population#anguilla#95%)
(people_literacy_male#anguilla#95%)
(people_literacy_female#anguilla#95%)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_long_form#anguilla#none)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_short_form#anguilla#Anguilla)
(government_data_code#anguilla#AV)
(government_type_of_government#anguilla#dependent territory of the UK)
(government_capital#anguilla#The Valley)
(government_administrative_divisions#anguilla#none {dependent territory of the UK})
(government_independence#anguilla#none {dependent territory of the UK})
(government_national_holiday#anguilla#Anguilla Day, 30 May)
(government_constitution#anguilla#Anguilla Constitutional Order 1 April 1982; amended 1990)
(government_legal_system#anguilla#based on English common law)
(government_suffrage#anguilla#18 years of age; universal)
(government_executive_branch_chief_of_state#anguilla#Queen ELIZABETH II {since 6 February 1952} is a hereditary monarch; represented by Governor Alan HOOLE {since 1 November 1995})
(government_executive_branch_head_of_government#anguilla#Chief Minister Hubert HUGHES {since 16 March 1994} was appointed by the governor from members of the House of Assembly)
(government_executive_branch_cabinet#anguilla#Executive Council was appointed by the governor from among the elected members of the House of Assembly)
(government_legislative_branch#anguilla#unicameral)
(government_house_of_assembly#anguilla#elections last held 16 March 1994 {next to be held March 1999}; results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - {11 total, 7 elected} ANA 2, AUP 2, ADP 2, independent 1)
(government_judicial_branch#anguilla#High Court, judge provided by Eastern Caribbean Supreme Court)
(government_political_parties_and_leaders#anguilla#Anguilla National Alliance {ANA}, David CARFY; Anguilla United Party {AUP}, Hubert HUGHES; Anguilla Democratic Party {ADP}, Victor BANKS)
(government_international_organization_participation#anguilla#Caricom {observer}, CDB, Interpol {subbureau}, OECS {associate})
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us#anguilla#none {dependent territory of the UK})
(government_us_diplomatic_representation#anguilla#none {dependent territory of the UK})
(government_flag#anguilla#blue with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side quadrant and the Anguillan coat of arms centered in the outer half of the flag; the coat of arms depicts three orange dolphins in an interlocking circular design on a white background with blue wavy water below)
(economy_economic_overview#anguilla#Anguilla has few natural resources, and the economy depends heavily on tourism, offshore banking, lobster fishing, and remittances from emigrants. Output growth has averaged about 7% in recent years, mainly as a result of boom in tourism thanks to economic expansion in North America and the UK. The economy, and especially the tourism sector, suffered a setback in late 1995 due to the effects of Hurricane Luis in September. Agricultural output had only just begun to recover from a drought in 1994 when Luis hit. Anguillan officials have put substantial effort into developing the offshore financing sector. A comprehensive package of financial services legislation was enacted in late 1994. In the medium term, prospects for the economy will depend on the tourism sector and, therefore, on continuing income growth in the industrialized nations.)
(economy_gdp#anguilla#purchasing power parity - $53 million {1994 est.})
(economy_gdp_real_growth_rate#anguilla#6.5% {1994 est.})
(economy_gdp_per_capita#anguilla#$7,600 {1994 est.})
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_agriculture#anguilla#NA%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_industry#anguilla#NA%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_services#anguilla#NA%)
(economy_inflation_rate_{consumer_prices}#anguilla#4% {1994})
(economy_labor_force#anguilla#4,400 {1992})
(economy_labor_force_by_occupation#anguilla#commerce 36%, services 29%, construction 18%, transportation and utilities 10%, manufacturing 3%, agriculture/fishing/forestry/mining 4%)
(economy_unemployment_rate#anguilla#7% {1992 est.})
(economy_budget_revenues#anguilla#$13.5 million {1993})
(economy_budget_expenditures#anguilla#$17.6 million, including capital expenditures of $740,000 {1995 est.})
(economy_industries#anguilla#tourism, boat building, offshore financial services)
(economy_industrial_production_growth_rate#anguilla#NA%)
(economy_electricity_capacity#anguilla#2,000 kW)
(economy_electricity_production#anguilla#6 million kWh)
(economy_electricity_consumption_per_capita#anguilla#862 kWh {1992})
(economy_agriculture#anguilla#pigeon peas, corn, sweet potatoes; sheep, goats, pigs, cattle, poultry; fishing {including lobster})
(economy_exports#anguilla#$556,000 {f.o.b., 1992})
(economy_exports_commodities#anguilla#lobster and salt)
(economy_exports_partners#anguilla#NA)
(economy_imports#anguilla#$33.5 million {f.o.b., 1992})
(economy_imports_commodities#anguilla#NA)
(economy_imports_partners#anguilla#NA)
(economy_external_debt#anguilla#$NA)
(economy_economic_aid#anguilla#$NA)
(economy_currency#anguilla#1 EC dollar {EC$} = 100 cents)
(economy_exchange_rates#anguilla#East Caribbean dollars {EC$} per US$1 - 2.70 {fixed rate since 1976})
(economy_fiscal_year#anguilla#1 April - 31 March)
(transportation_railways#anguilla#0 km)
(transportation_highways_total#anguilla#105 km)
(transportation_highways_paved#anguilla#65 km)
(transportation_highways_unpaved#anguilla#40 km {1992 est.})
(transportation_ports#anguilla#Blowing Point, Road Bay)
(transportation_merchant_marine#anguilla#none)
(transportation_airports_total#anguilla#2)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_914_to_1,523_m#anguilla#1)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_under_914_m#anguilla#1 {1995 est.})
(communications_telephones#anguilla#890)
(communications_telephone_system_domestic#anguilla#modern internal telephone system)
(communications_telephone_system_international#anguilla#microwave radio relay to island of Saint Martin {Guadeloupe and Netherlands Antilles})
(communications_radio_broadcast_stations#anguilla#AM 3, FM 1, shortwave 0)
(communications_radios#anguilla#2,000 {1992 est.})
(communications_television_broadcast_stations#anguilla#0)
(communications_televisions#anguilla#NA)
(defense_defense_note#anguilla#defense is the responsibility of the UK)
(geography_location#antarctica#continent mostly south of the Antarctic Circle)
(geography_geographic_coordinates#antarctica#90 00 S, 0 00 E)
(geography_map_references#antarctica#Antarctic Region)
(geography_area_total_area#antarctica#14 million sq km {est.})
(geography_area_land_area#antarctica#14 million sq km {est.})
(geography_area_comparative_area#antarctica#slightly less than 1.5 times the size of the US)
(geography_area_note#antarctica#second-smallest continent {after Australia})
(geography_land_boundaries#antarctica#0 km)
(geography_land_boundaries_note#antarctica#see entry on International disputes)
(geography_coastline#antarctica#17,968 km)
(geography_maritime_claims#antarctica#none, but see entry on International disputes)
(geography_international_disputes#antarctica#Antarctic Treaty defers claims {see Antarctic Treaty Summary below}; sections {some overlapping} claimed by Argentina, Australia, Chile, France {Adelie Land}, New Zealand {Ross Dependency}, Norway {Queen Maud Land}, and UK; the US and most other nations do not recognize the territorial claims of other nations and have made no claims themselves {the US reserves the right to do so}; no formal claims have been made in the sector between 90 degrees west and 150 degrees west)
(geography_climate#antarctica#severe low temperatures vary with latitude, elevation, and distance from the ocean; East Antarctica is colder than West Antarctica because of its higher elevation; Antarctic Peninsula has the most moderate climate; higher temperatures occur in January along the coast and average slightly below freezing)
(geography_terrain#antarctica#about 98% thick continental ice sheet and 2% barren rock, with average elevations between 2,000 and 4,000 meters; mountain ranges up to about 5,000 meters; ice-free coastal areas include parts of southern Victoria Land, Wilkes Land, the Antarctic Peninsula area, and parts of Ross Island on McMurdo Sound; glaciers form ice shelves along about half of the coastline, and floating ice shelves constitute 11% of the area of the continent)
(geography_terrain_lowest_point#antarctica#Indian Ocean 0 m)
(geography_terrain_highest_point#antarctica#Vinson Massif 5,140 m)
(geography_natural_resources#antarctica#none presently exploited; iron ore, chromium, copper, gold, nickel, platinum and other minerals, and coal and hydrocarbons have been found in small, uncommercial quantities)
(geography_land_use_arable_land#antarctica#0%)
(geography_land_use_permanent_crops#antarctica#0%)
(geography_land_use_meadows_and_pastures#antarctica#0%)
(geography_land_use_forest_and_woodland#antarctica#0%)
(geography_land_use_other#antarctica#100% {ice 98%, barren rock 2%})
(geography_irrigated_land#antarctica#0 sq km)
(geography_environment_current_issues#antarctica#in October 1991 it was reported that the ozone shield, which protects the Earth's surface from harmful ultraviolet radiation, had dwindled to the lowest level recorded over Antarctica since 1975 when measurements were first taken)
(geography_environment_natural_hazards#antarctica#katabatic {gravity-driven} winds blow coastward from the high interior; frequent blizzards form near the foot of the plateau; cyclonic storms form over the ocean and move clockwise along the coast; volcanism on Deception Island and isolated areas of West Antarctica; other seismic activity rare and weak)
(geography_environment_international_agreements#antarctica#NA)
(geography_geographic_note#antarctica#the coldest, windiest, highest, and driest continent; during summer, more solar radiation reaches the surface at the South Pole than is received at the Equator in an equivalent period; mostly uninhabitable)
(people_population#antarctica#no indigenous inhabitants; note - there are seasonally staffed research stations)
(people_summer_{january}_population#antarctica#over 4,115 total; Argentina 207, Australia 268, Belgium 13, Brazil 80, Chile 256, China NA, Ecuador NA, Finland 11, France 78, Germany 32, Greenpeace 12, India 60, Italy 210, Japan 59, South Korea 14, Netherlands 10, NZ 264, Norway 23, Peru 39, Poland NA, South Africa 79, Spain 43, Sweden 10, UK 116, Uruguay NA, US 1,666, former USSR 565 {1989-90})
(people_winter_{july}_population#antarctica#over 1,046 total; Argentina 150, Australia 71, Brazil 12, Chile 73, China NA, France 33, Germany 19, Greenpeace 5, India 1, Japan 38, South Korea 14, NZ 11, Poland NA, South Africa 12, UK 69, Uruguay NA, US 225, former USSR 313 {1989-90})
(people_year-round_stations#antarctica#42 total; Argentina 6, Australia 3, Brazil 1, Chile 3, China 2, Finland 1, France 1, Germany 1, India 1, Japan 2, South Korea 1, NZ 1, Poland 1, South Africa 3, UK 5, Uruguay 1, US 3, former USSR 6 {1990-91})
(people_summer-only_stations#antarctica#over 38 total; Argentina 7, Australia 3, Chile 5, Germany 3, India 1, Italy 1, Japan 4, NZ 2, Norway 1, Peru 1, South Africa 1, Spain 1, Sweden 2, UK 1, US numerous, former USSR 5 {1989-90}; note - the disintegration of the former USSR has placed the status and future of its Antarctic facilities in doubt; stations may be subject to closings at any time because of ongoing economic difficulties)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_long_form#antarctica#none)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_short_form#antarctica#Antarctica)
(government_data_code#antarctica#AY)
(government_antarctic_treaty_summary#antarctica#The Antarctic Treaty, signed on 1 December 1959 and entered into force on 23 June 1961, establishes the legal framework for the management of Antarctica. Administration is carried out through consultative member meetings - the 18th Antarctic Treaty Consultative Meeting was in Japan in April 1993. Currently, there are 42 treaty member nations: 26 consultative and 16 acceding. Consultative {voting} members include the seven nations that claim portions of Antarctica as national territory {some claims overlap} and 19 nonclaimant nations. The US and some other nations that have made no claims have reserved the right to do so. The US does not recognize the claims of others. The year in parentheses indicates when an acceding nation was voted to full consultative {voting} status, while no date indicates the country was an original 1959 treaty signatory. Claimant nations are - Argentina, Australia, Chile, France, New Zealand, Norway, and the UK. Nonclaimant consultative nations are - Belgium, Brazil {1983}, China {1985}, Ecuador {1990}, Finland {1989}, Germany {1981}, India {1983}, Italy {1987}, Japan, South Korea {1989}, Netherlands {1990}, Peru {1989}, Poland {1977}, South Africa, Spain {1988}, Sweden {1988}, Uruguay {1985}, the US, and Russia. Acceding {nonvoting} members, with year of accession in parentheses, are - Austria {1987}, Bulgaria {1978}, Canada {1988}, Colombia {1988}, Cuba {1984}, Czech Republic {1993}, Denmark {1965}, Greece {1987}, Guatemala {1991}, Hungary {1984}, North Korea {1987}, Papua New Guinea {1981}, Romania {1971}, Slovakia {1993}, Switzerland {1990}, and Ukraine {1992}.)
(government_article_1#antarctica#area to be used for peaceful purposes only; military activity, such as weapons testing, is prohibited, but military personnel and equipment may be used for scientific research or any other peaceful purpose)
(government_article_2#antarctica#freedom of scientific investigation and cooperation shall continue)
(government_article_3#antarctica#free exchange of information and personnel in cooperation with the UN and other international agencies)
(government_article_4#antarctica#does not recognize, dispute, or establish territorial claims and no new claims shall be asserted while the treaty is in force)
(government_article_5#antarctica#prohibits nuclear explosions or disposal of radioactive wastes)
(government_article_6#antarctica#includes under the treaty all land and ice shelves south of 60 degrees 00 minutes south)
(government_article_7#antarctica#treaty-state observers have free access, including aerial observation, to any area and may inspect all stations, installations, and equipment; advance notice of all activities and of the introduction of military personnel must be given)
(government_article_8#antarctica#allows for jurisdiction over observers and scientists by their own states)
(government_article_9#antarctica#frequent consultative meetings take place among member nations)
(government_article_10#antarctica#treaty states will discourage activities by any country in Antarctica that are contrary to the treaty)
(government_article_11#antarctica#disputes to be settled peacefully by the parties concerned or, ultimately, by the ICJ)
(government_articles_12,_13,_14#antarctica#deal with upholding, interpreting, and amending the treaty among involved nations)
(government_other_agreements#antarctica#more than 170 recommendations adopted at treaty consultative meetings and ratified by governments include - Agreed Measures for the Conservation of Antarctic Fauna and Flora {1964}; Convention for the Conservation of Antarctic Seals {1972}; Convention on the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources {1980}; a mineral resources agreement was signed in 1988 but was subsequently rejected; in 1991 the Protocol on Environmental Protection to the Antarctic Treaty was signed and awaits ratification; this agreement provides for the protection of the Antarctic environment through five specific annexes on marine pollution, fauna, and flora, environmental impact assessments, waste management, and protected areas; it also prohibits all activities relating to mineral resources except scientific research; 21 parties have ratified Protocol as of April 1996)
(government_legal_system#antarctica#US law, including certain criminal offenses by or against US nationals, such as murder, may apply to areas not under jurisdiction of other countries. Some US laws directly apply to Antarctica. For example, the Antarctic Conservation Act, 16 U.S.C. section 2401 et seq., provides civil and criminal penalties for the following activities, unless authorized by regulation of statute: The taking of native mammals or birds; the introduction of nonindigenous plants and animals; entry into specially protected or scientific areas; the discharge or disposal of pollutants; and the importation into the US of certain items from Antarctica. Violation of the Antarctic Conservation Act carries penalties of up to $10,000 in fines and 1 year in prison. The Departments of Treasury, Commerce, Transportation, and Interior share enforcement responsibilities. Public Law 95-541, the US Antarctic Conservation Act of 1978, requires expeditions from the US to Antarctica to notify, in advance, the Office of Oceans and Polar Affairs, Room 5801, Department of State, Washington, DC 20520, which reports such plans to other nations as required by the Antarctic Treaty. For more information contact Permit Office, Office of Polar Programs, National Science Foundation, Arlington, Virginia 22230 {703} 306-1031.)
(economy_economic_overview#antarctica#No economic activity at present except for fishing off the coast and small-scale tourism, both based abroad.)
(transportation_ports#antarctica#none; offshore anchorage)
(transportation_airports#antarctica#50 landing facilities at different locations operated by 16 national governments party to the Treaty; one additional air facility operated by commercial {nongovernmental} tourist organization; helicopter pads at 25 of these locations; runways at 13 locations are gravel, sea ice, glacier ice, or compacted snow surface suitable for wheeled fixed-wing aircraft; no paved runways; 12 locations have snow-surface skiways limited to use by ski-equipped planes - 8 runways/skiways greater than 3,000 m,10 runways/skiways 1,000 to 3,000 m, 3 runways/skiways less than 1,000 m, and 4 of unspecified or variable length; airports generally subject to severe restrictions and limitations resulting from extreme seasonal and geographic conditions; airports do not meet ICAO standards; advance approval from the respective governmental or non-governmental operating organization required for landing {1995 est.})
(communications_telephones#antarctica#NA)
(communications_telephone_system_domestic#antarctica#NA)
(communications_telephone_system_international#antarctica#NA)
(communications_radio_broadcast_stations#antarctica#AM NA, FM NA, shortwave NA)
(communications_radios#antarctica#NA)
(communications_television_broadcast_stations#antarctica#NA)
(communications_televisions#antarctica#NA)
(defense_defense_note#antarctica#the Antarctic Treaty prohibits any measures of a military nature, such as the establishment of military bases and fortifications, the carrying out of military maneuvers, or the testing of any type of weapon; it permits the use of military personnel or equipment for scientific research or for any other peaceful purposes)
(geography_location#antigua_and_barbuda#Caribbean, islands between the Caribbean Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean, east-southeast of Puerto Rico)
(geography_geographic_coordinates#antigua_and_barbuda#17 03 N, 61 48 W)
(geography_map_references#antigua_and_barbuda#Central America and the Caribbean)
(geography_area_total_area#antigua_and_barbuda#440 sq km)
(geography_area_land_area#antigua_and_barbuda#440 sq km)
(geography_area_comparative_area#antigua_and_barbuda#2.5 times the size of Washington, DC)
(geography_area_note#antigua_and_barbuda#includes Redonda)
(geography_land_boundaries#antigua_and_barbuda#0 km)
(geography_coastline#antigua_and_barbuda#153 km)
(geography_maritime_claims_contiguous_zone#antigua_and_barbuda#24 nm)
(geography_maritime_claims_continental_shelf#antigua_and_barbuda#200 nm or to the edge of the continental margin)
(geography_maritime_claims_exclusive_economic_zone#antigua_and_barbuda#200 nm)
(geography_maritime_claims_territorial_sea#antigua_and_barbuda#12 nm)
(geography_international_disputes#antigua_and_barbuda#none)
(geography_climate#antigua_and_barbuda#tropical marine; little seasonal temperature variation)
(geography_terrain#antigua_and_barbuda#mostly low-lying limestone and coral islands with some higher volcanic areas)
(geography_terrain_lowest_point#antigua_and_barbuda#Caribbean Sea 0 m)
(geography_terrain_highest_point#antigua_and_barbuda#Boggy Peak 402 m)
(geography_natural_resources#antigua_and_barbuda#negligible; pleasant climate fosters tourism)
(geography_land_use_arable_land#antigua_and_barbuda#18%)
(geography_land_use_permanent_crops#antigua_and_barbuda#0%)
(geography_land_use_meadows_and_pastures#antigua_and_barbuda#7%)
(geography_land_use_forest_and_woodland#antigua_and_barbuda#16%)
(geography_land_use_other#antigua_and_barbuda#59%)
(geography_irrigated_land#antigua_and_barbuda#NA sq km)
(geography_environment_current_issues#antigua_and_barbuda#water management - a major concern because of limited natural fresh water resources - is further hampered by the clearing of trees to increase crop production, causing rainfall to run off quickly)
(geography_environment_natural_hazards#antigua_and_barbuda#hurricanes and tropical storms {July to October}; periodic droughts)
(geography_environment_international_agreements#antigua_and_barbuda#party to - Biodiversity, Climate Change, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Whaling; signed, but not ratified - Desertification)
(people_population#antigua_and_barbuda#65,647 {July 1996 est.})
(people_age_structure_0-14_years#antigua_and_barbuda#25% {male 8,386; female 8,043})
(people_age_structure_15-64_years#antigua_and_barbuda#69% {male 22,589; female 22,548})
(people_age_structure_65_years_and_over#antigua_and_barbuda#6% {male 1,820; female 2,261} {July 1996 est.})
(people_population_growth_rate#antigua_and_barbuda#0.76% {1996 est.})
(people_birth_rate#antigua_and_barbuda#16.83 births/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_death_rate#antigua_and_barbuda#5.32 deaths/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_net_migration_rate#antigua_and_barbuda#-3.9 migrant{s}/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_sex_ratio_at_birth#antigua_and_barbuda#1.05 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_under_15_years#antigua_and_barbuda#1.04 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_15-64_years#antigua_and_barbuda#1 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_65_years_and_over#antigua_and_barbuda#0.8 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_all_ages#antigua_and_barbuda#1 male{s}/female {1996 est.})
(people_infant_mortality_rate#antigua_and_barbuda#17.2 deaths/1,000 live births {1996 est.})
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_total_population#antigua_and_barbuda#73.64 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_male#antigua_and_barbuda#71.55 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_female#antigua_and_barbuda#75.84 years {1996 est.})
(people_total_fertility_rate#antigua_and_barbuda#1.68 children born/woman {1996 est.})
(people_nationality_noun#antigua_and_barbuda#Antiguan{s}, Barbudan{s})
(people_nationality_adjective#antigua_and_barbuda#Antiguan, Barbudan)
(people_ethnic_divisions#antigua_and_barbuda#black, British, Portuguese, Lebanese, Syrian)
(people_religions#antigua_and_barbuda#Anglican {predominant}, other Protestant sects, some Roman Catholic)
(people_languages#antigua_and_barbuda#English {official}, local dialects)
(people_literacy#antigua_and_barbuda#age 15 and over has completed five or more years of schooling {1960 est.})
(people_literacy_total_population#antigua_and_barbuda#89%)
(people_literacy_male#antigua_and_barbuda#90%)
(people_literacy_female#antigua_and_barbuda#88%)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_long_form#antigua_and_barbuda#none)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_short_form#antigua_and_barbuda#Antigua and Barbuda)
(government_data_code#antigua_and_barbuda#AC)
(government_type_of_government#antigua_and_barbuda#parliamentary democracy)
(government_capital#antigua_and_barbuda#Saint John's)
(government_administrative_divisions#antigua_and_barbuda#6 parishes and 2 dependencies*; Barbuda*, Redonda*, Saint George, Saint John, Saint Mary, Saint Paul, Saint Peter, Saint Philip)
(government_independence#antigua_and_barbuda#1 November 1981 {from UK})
(government_national_holiday#antigua_and_barbuda#Independence Day, 1 November {1981})
(government_constitution#antigua_and_barbuda#1 November 1981)
(government_legal_system#antigua_and_barbuda#based on English common law)
(government_suffrage#antigua_and_barbuda#18 years of age; universal)
(government_executive_branch_chief_of_state#antigua_and_barbuda#Queen ELIZABETH II {since 6 February 1952} is a hereditary monarch, represented by Governor General James B. CARLISLE {since NA 1993} who was chosen by the queen on advice from the prime minister)
(government_executive_branch_head_of_government#antigua_and_barbuda#Prime Minister Lester Bryant BIRD {since 8 March 1994} was appointed by the governor general)
(government_executive_branch_cabinet#antigua_and_barbuda#Council of Ministers was appointed by the governor general on the advice of the prime minister)
(government_legislative_branch#antigua_and_barbuda#bicameral Parliament)
(government_senate#antigua_and_barbuda#17- member body appointed by the governor general)
(government_house_of_representatives#antigua_and_barbuda#elections last held 8 March 1994 {next to be held NA 1999}; results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - {17 total} ALP 11, UPP 5, independent 1)
(government_judicial_branch#antigua_and_barbuda#Eastern Caribbean Supreme Court {based in Saint Lucia}, one judge of the Supreme Court is a resident of the islands and presides over the Court of Summary Jurisdiction)
(government_political_parties_and_leaders#antigua_and_barbuda#Antigua Labor Party {ALP}, Lester Bryant BIRD; United Progressive Party {UPP}, headed by Baldwin SPENCER, a coalition of three opposition political parties-the United National Democratic Party {UNDP}; the Antigua Caribbean Liberation Movement {ACLM}; and the Progressive Labor Movement {PLM})
(government_other_political_or_pressure_groups#antigua_and_barbuda#Antigua Trades and Labor Union {ATLU}, William ROBINSON; People's Democratic Movement {PDM}, Hugh MARSHALL)
(government_international_organization_participation#antigua_and_barbuda#ACP, C, Caricom, CDB, ECLAC, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Intelsat {nonsignatory user}, Interpol, IOC, ISO {subscriber}, ITU, NAM {observer}, OAS, OECS, OPANAL, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WMO, WTrO)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_chief_of_mission#antigua_and_barbuda#Ambassador Lionel Alexander HURST)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_chancery#antigua_and_barbuda#3216 New Mexico Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20016)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_telephone#antigua_and_barbuda#[1] {202} 362-5211, 5166, 5122)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_fax#antigua_and_barbuda#[1] {202} 362-5225)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_consulate{s}_general#antigua_and_barbuda#Miami)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation#antigua_and_barbuda#the US does not have an embassy in Antigua and Barbuda {embassy closed 30 June 1994}; the US Ambassador to Barbados is accredited to Antigua and Barbuda)
(government_flag#antigua_and_barbuda#red with an inverted isosceles triangle based on the top edge of the flag; the triangle contains three horizontal bands of black {top}, light blue, and white with a yellow rising sun in the black band)
(economy_economic_overview#antigua_and_barbuda#Tourism continues to be by far the dominant activity in the economy but the combined share in GDP of transport and communications, trade, and public utilities has increased markedly in recent years. Tourism's direct contribution to output in 1994 was about 20%. In addition, increased tourist arrivals helped spur growth in the construction and transport sectors. The dual island nation's agricultural production is mainly directed to the domestic market; the sector is constrained by the limited water supply and labor shortages that reflect the pull of higher wages in tourism and construction. Manufacturing - which accounts for 3.5% of GDP - comprises enclave-type assembly for export with major products being bedding, handicrafts, and electronic components. Prospects for economic growth in the medium term will continue to depend on income growth in the industrialized world, especially in the US, which accounts for about half of all tourist arrivals.)
(economy_gdp#antigua_and_barbuda#purchasing power parity - $425 million {1994 est.})
(economy_gdp_real_growth_rate#antigua_and_barbuda#4.2% {1994 est.})
(economy_gdp_per_capita#antigua_and_barbuda#$6,600 {1994 est.})
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_agriculture#antigua_and_barbuda#3.5%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_industry#antigua_and_barbuda#19.3%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_services#antigua_and_barbuda#77.2% {1994 est.})
(economy_inflation_rate_{consumer_prices}#antigua_and_barbuda#3.5% {1994})
(economy_labor_force#antigua_and_barbuda#30,000)
(economy_labor_force_by_occupation#antigua_and_barbuda#commerce and services 82%, agriculture 11%, industry 7% {1983})
(economy_unemployment_rate#antigua_and_barbuda#5%-10%{1995 est.})
(economy_budget_revenues#antigua_and_barbuda#$134 million)
(economy_budget_expenditures#antigua_and_barbuda#$135.4 million, including capital expenditures of $NA {1995})
(economy_industries#antigua_and_barbuda#tourism, construction, light manufacturing {clothing, alcohol, household appliances})
(economy_industrial_production_growth_rate#antigua_and_barbuda#-4.9% {1993 est.})
(economy_electricity_capacity#antigua_and_barbuda#52,100 kW)
(economy_electricity_production#antigua_and_barbuda#95 million kWh)
(economy_electricity_consumption_per_capita#antigua_and_barbuda#1,242 kWh {1993})
(economy_agriculture#antigua_and_barbuda#cotton, fruits, vegetables, bananas, coconuts, cucumbers, mangoes, sugarcane; livestock)
(economy_illicit_drugs#antigua_and_barbuda#a long-time but relatively minor transshipment point for narcotics bound for the US and Europe and recent transshipment point for heroin from Europe to the US; more significant as a drug money laundering center)
(economy_exports#antigua_and_barbuda#$40.9 million {f.o.b., 1994 est.})
(economy_exports_commodities#antigua_and_barbuda#petroleum products 48%, manufactures 23%, food and live animals 4%, machinery and transport equipment 17%)
(economy_exports_partners#antigua_and_barbuda#OECS 26%, Barbados 15%, Guyana 4%, Trinidad and Tobago 2%, US 0.3%)
(economy_imports#antigua_and_barbuda#$443.8 million {f.o.b., 1994 est.})
(economy_imports_commodities#antigua_and_barbuda#food and live animals, machinery and transport equipment, manufactures, chemicals, oil)
(economy_imports_partners#antigua_and_barbuda#US 27%, UK 16%, Canada 4%, OECS 3%, other 50%)
(economy_external_debt#antigua_and_barbuda#$377 million {1995 est.})
(economy_economic_aid#antigua_and_barbuda#$NA)
(economy_currency#antigua_and_barbuda#1 EC dollar {EC$} = 100 cents)
(economy_exchange_rates#antigua_and_barbuda#East Caribbean dollars {EC$} per US$1 - 2.70 {fixed rate since 1976})
(economy_fiscal_year#antigua_and_barbuda#1 April - 31 March)
(transportation_railways_total#antigua_and_barbuda#77 km)
(transportation_railways_narrow_gauge#antigua_and_barbuda#64 km 0.760-m gauge; 13 km 0.610-m gauge {used almost exclusively for handling sugarcane})
(transportation_highways_total#antigua_and_barbuda#240 km)
(transportation_highways_paved#antigua_and_barbuda#NA km)
(transportation_highways_unpaved#antigua_and_barbuda#NA km)
(transportation_ports#antigua_and_barbuda#Saint John's)
(transportation_merchant_marine_total#antigua_and_barbuda#367 ships {1,000 GRT or over} totaling 1,573,063 GRT/2,147,243 DWT)
(transportation_merchant_marine_ships_by_type#antigua_and_barbuda#bulk 6, cargo 247, chemical tanker 6, combination bulk 1, container 72, liquefied gas tanker 2, oil tanker 3, refrigerated cargo 14, roll-on/roll-off cargo 16)
(transportation_merchant_marine_note#antigua_and_barbuda#a flag of convenience registry: Germany owns 12 ships, Slovenia 3, Croatia 2, Cyprus 1, and US 1 {1995 est.})
(transportation_airports_total#antigua_and_barbuda#3)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_2,438_to_3,047_m#antigua_and_barbuda#1)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_under_914_m#antigua_and_barbuda#2 {1995 est.})
(communications_telephones#antigua_and_barbuda#6,700)
(communications_telephone_system_domestic#antigua_and_barbuda#good automatic telephone system)
(communications_telephone_system_international#antigua_and_barbuda#1 coaxial submarine cable; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat {Atlantic Ocean}; tropospheric scatter to Saba {Netherlands Antilles} and Guadeloupe)
(communications_radio_broadcast_stations#antigua_and_barbuda#AM 4, FM 2, shortwave 2)
(communications_radios#antigua_and_barbuda#NA)
(communications_television_broadcast_stations#antigua_and_barbuda#2)
(communications_televisions#antigua_and_barbuda#28,000 {1993 est.})
(defense_branches#antigua_and_barbuda#Royal Antigua and Barbuda Defense Force, Royal Antigua and Barbuda Police Force {includes the Coast Guard})
(defense_manpower_availability_males_age_15-49#antigua_and_barbuda#NA)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_fit_for_military_service#antigua_and_barbuda#NA)
(defense_defense_expenditures#antigua_and_barbuda#exchange rate conversion - $1.4 million, 1% of GDP {FY90/91})
(geography_location#arctic_ocean#body of water mostly north of the Arctic Circle)
(geography_geographic_coordinates#arctic_ocean#90 00 N, 0 00 E)
(geography_map_references#arctic_ocean#Arctic Region)
(geography_area_total_area#arctic_ocean#14.056 million sq km)
(geography_area_comparative_area#arctic_ocean#slightly more than 1.5 times the size of the US; smallest of the world's four oceans {after Pacific Ocean, Atlantic Ocean, and Indian Ocean})
(geography_area_note#arctic_ocean#includes Baffin Bay, Barents Sea, Beaufort Sea, Chukchi Sea, East Siberian Sea, Greenland Sea, Hudson Bay, Hudson Strait, Kara Sea, Laptev Sea, Northwest Passage, and other tributary water bodies)
(geography_coastline#arctic_ocean#45,389 km)
(geography_international_disputes#arctic_ocean#some maritime disputes {see littoral states}; Svalbard is the focus of a maritime boundary dispute between Norway and Russia)
(geography_climate#arctic_ocean#polar climate characterized by persistent cold and relatively narrow annual temperature ranges; winters characterized by continuous darkness, cold and stable weather conditions, and clear skies; summers characterized by continuous daylight, damp and foggy weather, and weak cyclones with rain or snow)
(geography_terrain#arctic_ocean#central surface covered by a perennial drifting polar icepack that averages about 3 meters in thickness, although pressure ridges may be three times that size; clockwise drift pattern in the Beaufort Gyral Stream, but nearly straight line movement from the New Siberian Islands {Russia} to Denmark Strait {between Greenland and Iceland}; the icepack is surrounded by open seas during the summer, but more than doubles in size during the winter and extends to the encircling land masses; the ocean floor is about 50% continental shelf {highest percentage of any ocean} with the remainder a central basin interrupted by three submarine ridges {Alpha Cordillera, Nansen Cordillera, and Lomonsov Ridge})
(geography_terrain_lowest_point#arctic_ocean#Fram Basin -4,665 m)
(geography_terrain_highest_point#arctic_ocean#sea level 0 m)
(geography_natural_resources#arctic_ocean#sand and gravel aggregates, placer deposits, polymetallic nodules, oil and gas fields, fish, marine mammals {seals and whales})
(geography_environment_current_issues#arctic_ocean#endangered marine species include walruses and whales; fragile ecosystem slow to change and slow to recover from disruptions or damage)
(geography_environment_natural_hazards#arctic_ocean#ice islands occasionally break away from northern Ellesmere Island; icebergs calved from glaciers in western Greenland and extreme northeastern Canada; permafrost in islands; virtually icelocked from October to June; ships subject to superstructure icing from October to May)
(geography_environment_international_agreements#arctic_ocean#NA)
(geography_geographic_note#arctic_ocean#major chokepoint is the southern Chukchi Sea {northern access to the Pacific Ocean via the Bering Strait}; strategic location between North America and Russia; shortest marine link between the extremes of eastern and western Russia, floating research stations operated by the US and Russia; maximum snow cover in March or April about 20 to 50 centimeters over the frozen ocean; snow cover lasts about 10 months)
(government_data_code#arctic_ocean#none; the US Government has not approved a standard for hydrographic codes - see the Cross-Reference List of Hydrographic Data Codes appendix)
(economy_economic_overview#arctic_ocean#Economic activity is limited to the exploitation of natural resources, including petroleum, natural gas, fish, and seals.)
(transportation_ports#arctic_ocean#Churchill {Canada}, Murmansk {Russia}, Prudhoe Bay {US})
(transportation_transportation_note#arctic_ocean#sparse network of air, ocean, river, and land routes; the Northwest Passage {North America} and Northern Sea Route {Eurasia} are important seasonal waterways)
(communications_telephone_system_international#arctic_ocean#no submarine cables)
(geography_location#argentina#Southern South America, bordering the South Atlantic Ocean, between Chile and Uruguay)
(geography_geographic_coordinates#argentina#34 00 S, 64 00 W)
(geography_map_references#argentina#South America)
(geography_area_total_area#argentina#2,766,890 sq km)
(geography_area_land_area#argentina#2,736,690 sq km)
(geography_area_comparative_area#argentina#slightly less than three-tenths the size of the US)
(geography_land_boundaries_total#argentina#9,665 km)
(geography_land_boundaries_border_countries#argentina#Bolivia 832 km, Brazil 1,224 km, Chile 5,150 km, Paraguay 1,880 km, Uruguay 579 km)
(geography_coastline#argentina#4,989 km)
(geography_maritime_claims_contiguous_zone#argentina#24 nm)
(geography_maritime_claims_continental_shelf#argentina#200 nm or to the edge of the continental margin)
(geography_maritime_claims_exclusive_economic_zone#argentina#200 nm)
(geography_maritime_claims_territorial_sea#argentina#12 nm)
(geography_international_disputes#argentina#short section of the boundary with Uruguay is in dispute; short section of the boundary with Chile is indefinite; claims British-administered Falkland Islands {Islas Malvinas}; claims British-administered South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands; territorial claim in Antarctica)
(geography_climate#argentina#mostly temperate; arid in southeast; subantarctic in southwest)
(geography_terrain#argentina#rich plains of the Pampas in northern half, flat to rolling plateau of Patagonia in south, rugged Andes along western border)
(geography_terrain_lowest_point#argentina#Salinas Chicas -40 m)
(geography_terrain_highest_point#argentina#Cerro Aconcagua 6,962 m)
(geography_natural_resources#argentina#fertile plains of the pampas, lead, zinc, tin, copper, iron ore, manganese, petroleum, uranium)
(geography_land_use_arable_land#argentina#9%)
(geography_land_use_permanent_crops#argentina#4%)
(geography_land_use_meadows_and_pastures#argentina#52%)
(geography_land_use_forest_and_woodland#argentina#22%)
(geography_land_use_other#argentina#13%)
(geography_irrigated_land#argentina#17,600 sq km {1989 est.})
(geography_environment_current_issues#argentina#erosion results from inadequate flood controls and improper land use practices; irrigated soil degradation; desertification; air pollution in Buenos Aires and other major cities; water pollution in urban areas; rivers becoming polluted due to increased pesticide and fertilizer use)
(geography_environment_natural_hazards#argentina#Tucuman and Mendoza areas in the Andes subject to earthquakes; pamperos are violent windstorms that can strike the Pampas and northeast; heavy flooding)
(geography_environment_international_agreements#argentina#party to - Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands; signed, but not ratified - Desertification, Marine Life Conservation)
(geography_geographic_note#argentina#second-largest country in South America {after Brazil}; strategic location relative to sea lanes between South Atlantic and South Pacific Oceans {Strait of Magellan, Beagle Channel, Drake Passage})
(people_population#argentina#34,672,997 {July 1996 est.})
(people_age_structure_0-14_years#argentina#28% {male 4,904,380; female 4,707,293})
(people_age_structure_15-64_years#argentina#63% {male 10,851,004; female 10,834,593})
(people_age_structure_65_years_and_over#argentina#9% {male 1,414,412; female 1,961,315} {July 1996 est.})
(people_population_growth_rate#argentina#1.1% {1996 est.})
(people_birth_rate#argentina#19.41 births/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_death_rate#argentina#8.62 deaths/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_net_migration_rate#argentina#0.18 migrant{s}/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_sex_ratio_at_birth#argentina#1.05 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_under_15_years#argentina#1.04 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_15-64_years#argentina#1 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_65_years_and_over#argentina#0.72 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_all_ages#argentina#0.98 male{s}/female {1996 est.})
(people_infant_mortality_rate#argentina#28.3 deaths/1,000 live births {1996 est.})
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_total_population#argentina#71.66 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_male#argentina#68.37 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_female#argentina#75.12 years {1996 est.})
(people_total_fertility_rate#argentina#2.62 children born/woman {1996 est.})
(people_nationality_noun#argentina#Argentine{s})
(people_nationality_adjective#argentina#Argentine)
(people_ethnic_divisions#argentina#white 85%, mestizo, Indian, or other nonwhite groups 15%)
(people_religions#argentina#nominally Roman Catholic 90% {less than 20% practicing}, Protestant 2%, Jewish 2%, other 6%)
(people_languages#argentina#Spanish {official}, English, Italian, German, French)
(people_literacy#argentina#age 15 and over can read and write {1995 est.})
(people_literacy_total_population#argentina#96.2%)
(people_literacy_male#argentina#96.2%)
(people_literacy_female#argentina#96.2%)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_long_form#argentina#Argentine Republic)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_short_form#argentina#Argentina)
(government_name_of_country_local_long_form#argentina#Republica Argentina)
(government_name_of_country_local_short_form#argentina#Argentina)
(government_data_code#argentina#AR)
(government_type_of_government#argentina#republic)
(government_capital#argentina#Buenos Aires)
(government_administrative_divisions#argentina#23 provinces {provincias, singular - provincia}, and 1 federal district* {distrito federal}; Buenos Aires; Catamarca; Chaco; Chubut; Cordoba; Corrientes; Distrito Federal*; Entre Rios; Formosa; Jujuy; La Pampa; La Rioja; Mendoza; Misiones; Neuquen; Rio Negro; Salta; San Juan; San Luis; Santa Cruz; Santa Fe; Santiago del Estero; Tierra del Fuego, Antartida e Islas del Atlantico Sur; Tucuman)
(government_administrative_divisions_note#argentina#the US does not recognize any claims to Antarctica or Argentina's claims to the Falkland Islands)
(government_independence#argentina#9 July 1816 {from Spain})
(government_national_holiday#argentina#Revolution Day, 25 May {1810})
(government_constitution#argentina#1 May 1853; revised August 1994)
(government_legal_system#argentina#mixture of US and West European legal systems; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction)
(government_suffrage#argentina#18 years of age; universal)
(government_executive_branch_chief_of_state_and_head_of_government#argentina#President Carlos Saul MENEM {since 8 July 1989} was elected for a four-year term by universal suffrage; election last held 14 May 1995 {next to be held May 1999}; results - Carlos Saul MENEM was reelected; Vice President Carlos RUCKAUF)
(government_executive_branch_cabinet#argentina#Cabinet was appointed by the president)
(government_legislative_branch#argentina#bicameral National Congress {Congreso Nacional})
(government_senate#argentina#elections last held NA May 1995 {next to be held NA}; results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - {72 total} PJ 38, others 34)
(government_chamber_of_deputies#argentina#one-half of the members elected every two years to four-year terms; elections last held 14 May 1995; {next to be held NA 1997}; results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - {257 total} PJ 132, UCR 68, Frepaso 26, other 31)
(government_judicial_branch#argentina#Supreme Court {Corte Suprema}, the nine Supreme Court judges are appointed by the president with approval of the Senate)
(government_political_parties_and_leaders#argentina#Justicialist Party {PJ}, Carlos Saul MENEM, Peronist umbrella political organization; Radical Civic Union {UCR}, Rodolfo TERRAGNO, moderately left-of-center party; Union of the Democratic Center {UCD}, conservative party; Dignity and Independence Political Party {MODIN}, Aldo RICO, right-wing party; Grand Front {Frente Grande}, Carlos ALVAREZ, center-left coalition; Front for a Country in Solidarity {Frepaso, a four party coalition}, leader Jose Octavio BORDON; several provincial parties)
(government_other_political_or_pressure_groups#argentina#Peronist-dominated labor movement; General Confederation of Labor {CGT}, Peronist-leaning umbrella labor organization; Argentine Industrial Union {manufacturers' association}; Argentine Rural Society {large landowners' association}; business organizations; students; the Roman Catholic Church; the Armed Forces)
(government_international_organization_participation#argentina#AfDB, AG {observer}, Australia Group, BCIE, CCC, ECLAC, FAO, G- 6, G-11, G-15, G-19, G-24, G-77, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Inmarsat, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, LAES, LAIA, Mercosur, MINURSO, MTCR, NSG {observer}, OAS, OPANAL, PCA, RG, UN, UN Security Council {temporary}, UNAMIR, UNAVEM III, UNCRO, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNFICYP, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIKOM, UNITAR, UNMIH, UNTSO, UNU, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_chief_of_mission#argentina#Ambassador Raul Enrique GRANILLO OCAMPO)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_chancery#argentina#1600 New Hampshire Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20009)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_telephone#argentina#[1] {202} 939-6400 through 6403)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_consulate{s}_general#argentina#Atlanta, Chicago, Houston, Los Angeles, Miami, New Orleans, New York, San Francisco, and San Juan {Puerto Rico})
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_chief_of_mission#argentina#Ambassador James R. CHEEK)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_embassy#argentina#4300 Colombia, 1425 Buenos Aires)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_mailing_address#argentina#Unit 4334, APO AA 34034)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_telephone#argentina#[54] {1} 777-4533, 4534)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_fax#argentina#[54] {1} 777-0197)
(government_flag#argentina#three equal horizontal bands of light blue {top}, white, and light blue; centered in the white band is a radiant yellow sun with a human face known as the Sun of May)
(economy_economic_overview#argentina#Argentina, rich in natural resources, benefits also from a highly literate population, an export-oriented agricultural sector, and a diversified industrial base. Nevertheless, following decades of mismanagement and statist policies, the economy in the late 1980s was plagued with huge external debts and recurring bouts of hyperinflation. Elected in 1989, in the depths of recession, President MENEM has implemented a comprehensive economic restructuring program that shows signs of putting Argentina on a path of stable, sustainable growth. Argentina's currency has traded at par with the US dollar since April 1991, and inflation has fallen to its lowest level in 20 years. Argentines have responded to the relative price stability by repatriating flight capital and investing in domestic industry. After registering impressive 7.4% growth in 1994, based largely on inflows of foreign capital and strong domestic consumption, the Argentine economy stumbled in 1995 as financial pressures fueled by the Mexican peso crisis and political squabbling within the MENEM administration undermined investor confidence and triggered capital outflows. By yearend, GDP had contracted 4.4%, unemployment reached 16%, and Buenos Aires struggled to meet fiscal targets. On the trade front, exports soared during the first half of 1995 - largely because of strong demand in Brazil and high commodity prices - while anemic domestic consumption lowered imports; the resulting yearend trade surplus was about $1.2 billion. However, because exports contribute only 7.5% to GDP, increased foreign sales had little impact on aggregate growth. High unemployment will continue to plague the MENEM administration for the next several years as provincial entities are readied for privatization and more public sector employees are laid off.)
(economy_gdp#argentina#purchasing power parity - $278.5 billion {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_real_growth_rate#argentina#-4.4%)
(economy_gdp_per_capita#argentina#$8,100 {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_agriculture#argentina#6%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_industry#argentina#31%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_services#argentina#63% {1992 est.})
(economy_inflation_rate_{consumer_prices}#argentina#1.7% {1995 est.})
(economy_labor_force#argentina#10.9 million)
(economy_labor_force_by_occupation#argentina#agriculture 12%, industry 31%, services 57% {1985 est.})
(economy_unemployment_rate#argentina#16% {1995 est.})
(economy_budget_revenues#argentina#$48.46 billion)
(economy_budget_expenditures#argentina#$46.5 billion, including capital expenditures of $3.5 billion {1994 est.})
(economy_industries#argentina#food processing, motor vehicles, consumer durables, textiles, chemicals and petrochemicals, printing, metallurgy, steel)
(economy_industrial_production_growth_rate#argentina#-4.6% {1995 est.})
(economy_electricity_capacity#argentina#17,330,000 kW)
(economy_electricity_production#argentina#54.8 billion kWh)
(economy_electricity_consumption_per_capita#argentina#1,610 kWh {1993})
(economy_agriculture#argentina#wheat, corn, sorghum, soybeans, sugar beets; livestock)
(economy_illicit_drugs#argentina#increasing use as a transshipment country for cocaine headed for Europe and the US)
(economy_exports#argentina#$20.7 billion {f.o.b., 1995})
(economy_exports_commodities#argentina#meat, wheat, corn, oilseed, manufactures)
(economy_exports_partners#argentina#US 9%, Brazil, Italy, Japan, Netherlands)
(economy_imports#argentina#$19.5 billion {c.i.f., 1995})
(economy_imports_commodities#argentina#machinery and equipment, chemicals, metals, fuels and lubricants, agricultural products)
(economy_imports_partners#argentina#US 21%, Brazil, Germany, Bolivia, Japan, Italy, Netherlands)
(economy_external_debt#argentina#$90 billion {December 1995})
(economy_economic_aid#argentina#$NA)
(economy_currency#argentina#1 nuevo peso argentino = 100 centavos)
(economy_exchange_rates#argentina#pesos per US$1 - 1.00000 {January 1996}, 0.99975 {1995}, 0.99901 {1994}, 0.99895 {1993}, 0.99064 {1992}, 0.95355 {1991})
(economy_fiscal_year#argentina#calendar year)
(transportation_railways_total#argentina#37,910 km)
(transportation_railways_broad_gauge#argentina#24,124 km 1.676-m gauge {142 km electrified})
(transportation_railways_standard_gauge#argentina#2,765 km 1.435-m gauge)
(transportation_railways_narrow_gauge#argentina#11,021 km 1.000-m gauge {26 km electrified})
(transportation_highways_total#argentina#215,578 km)
(transportation_highways_paved#argentina#61,440 km)
(transportation_highways_unpaved#argentina#154,138 km)
(transportation_waterways#argentina#11,000 km navigable)
(transportation_pipelines#argentina#crude oil 4,090 km; petroleum products 2,900 km; natural gas 9,918 km)
(transportation_ports#argentina#Bahia Blanca, Buenos Aires, Comodoro Rivadavia, Concepcion del Uruguay, La Plata, Mar del Plata, Necochea, Rio Gallegos, Rosario, Santa Fe, Ushuaia)
(transportation_merchant_marine_total#argentina#37 ships {1,000 GRT or over} totaling 303,448 GRT/458,864 DWT)
(transportation_merchant_marine_ships_by_type#argentina#bulk 1, cargo 11, chemical tanker 1, container 3, oil tanker 14, railcar carrier 1, refrigerated cargo 5, roll-on/roll-off cargo 1 {1995 est.})
(transportation_airports_total#argentina#1,253)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_over_3,047_m#argentina#5)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_2,438_to_3,047_m#argentina#25)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_1,524_to_2,437_m#argentina#54)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_914_to_1,523_m#argentina#46)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_under_914_m#argentina#511)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_over_3,047_m#argentina#1)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_2,438_to_3,047_m#argentina#2)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_1,524_to_2,437_m#argentina#60)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_914_to_1,523_m#argentina#549 {1995 est.})
(communications_telephones#argentina#2.7 million {1983 est.})
(communications_telephone_system#argentina#12,000 public telephones; extensive modern system but many families do not have telephones; despite extensive use of microwave radio relay, the telephone system frequently grounds out during rainstorms, even in Buenos Aires)
(communications_telephone_system_domestic#argentina#microwave radio relay and a domestic satellite system with 40 earth stations serve the trunk network)
(communications_telephone_system_international#argentina#satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat {Atlantic Ocean})
(communications_radio_broadcast_stations#argentina#AM 171, FM 0, shortwave 13)
(communications_radios#argentina#22.3 million {1991 est.})
(communications_television_broadcast_stations#argentina#231)
(communications_televisions#argentina#7.165 million {1991 est.})
(defense_branches#argentina#Argentine Army, Navy of the Argentine Republic, Argentine Air Force, National Gendarmerie, Argentine Naval Prefecture {Coast Guard only}, National Aeronautical Police Force)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_age_15-49#argentina#8,707,014)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_fit_for_military_service#argentina#7,063,304)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_reach_military_age_{20}_annually#argentina#310,107 {1996 est.})
(defense_defense_expenditures#argentina#exchange rate conversion - $4.7 billion, 1.5% of GDP {1995})
(geography_location#armenia#Southwestern Asia, east of Turkey)
(geography_geographic_coordinates#armenia#40 00 N, 45 00 E)
(geography_map_references#armenia#Commonwealth of Independent States)
(geography_area_total_area#armenia#29,800 sq km)
(geography_area_land_area#armenia#28,400 sq km)
(geography_area_comparative_area#armenia#slightly larger than Maryland)
(geography_land_boundaries_total#armenia#1,254 km)
(geography_land_boundaries_border_countries#armenia#Azerbaijan-proper 566 km, Azerbaijan-Naxcivan exclave 221 km, Georgia 164 km, Iran 35 km, Turkey 268 km)
(geography_coastline#armenia#0 km {landlocked})
(geography_maritime_claims#armenia#none {landlocked})
(geography_international_disputes#armenia#supports ethnic Armenians in Nagorno-Karabakh in their separatist conflict against the Azerbaijani Government; traditional demands on former Armenian lands in Turkey have subsided)
(geography_climate#armenia#highland continental, hot summers, cold winters)
(geography_terrain#armenia#high Armenian Plateau with mountains; little forest land; fast flowing rivers; good soil in Aras River valley)
(geography_terrain_lowest_point#armenia#Debed River 400 m)
(geography_terrain_highest_point#armenia#Aragats Lerr 4,095 m)
(geography_natural_resources#armenia#small deposits of gold, copper, molybdenum, zinc, alumina)
(geography_land_use_arable_land#armenia#17%)
(geography_land_use_permanent_crops#armenia#3%)
(geography_land_use_meadows_and_pastures#armenia#20%)
(geography_land_use_forest_and_woodland#armenia#0%)
(geography_land_use_other#armenia#60%)
(geography_irrigated_land#armenia#3,050 sq km {1990})
(geography_environment_current_issues#armenia#soil pollution from toxic chemicals such as DDT; energy blockade, the result of conflict with Azerbaijan, has led to deforestation as citizens scavenge for firewood; pollution of Hrazdan {Razdan} and Aras Rivers; the draining of Sevana Lich, a result of its use as a source for hydropower, threatens drinking water supplies; restart of Metsamor nuclear power plant without adequate {IAEA-recommended} safety and backup systems)
(geography_environment_natural_hazards#armenia#occasionally severe earthquakes; droughts)
(geography_environment_international_agreements#armenia#party to - Biodiversity, Climate Change, Nuclear Test Ban, Wetlands; signed, but not ratified - Desertification)
(geography_geographic_note#armenia#landlocked)
(people_population#armenia#3,463,574 {July 1996 est.})
(people_age_structure_0-14_years#armenia#28% {male 497,461; female 476,649})
(people_age_structure_15-64_years#armenia#64% {male 1,085,935; female 1,132,282})
(people_age_structure_65_years_and_over#armenia#8% {male 111,661; female 159,586} {July 1996 est.})
(people_population_growth_rate#armenia#0.02% {1996 est.})
(people_birth_rate#armenia#16.27 births/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_death_rate#armenia#7.73 deaths/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_net_migration_rate#armenia#-8.3 migrant{s}/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_sex_ratio_at_birth#armenia#1.05 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_under_15_years#armenia#1.04 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_15-64_years#armenia#0.96 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_65_years_and_over#armenia#0.7 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_all_ages#armenia#0.96 male{s}/female {1996 est.})
(people_infant_mortality_rate#armenia#38.9 deaths/1,000 live births {1996 est.})
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_total_population#armenia#69.06 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_male#armenia#64.44 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_female#armenia#73.92 years {1996 est.})
(people_total_fertility_rate#armenia#2.06 children born/woman {1996 est.})
(people_nationality_noun#armenia#Armenian{s})
(people_nationality_adjective#armenia#Armenian)
(people_ethnic_divisions#armenia#Armenian 93%, Azeri 3%, Russian 2%, other {mostly Yezidi Kurds} 2% {1989})
(people_ethnic_divisions_note#armenia#as of the end of 1993, virtually all Azeris had emigrated from Armenia)
(people_religions#armenia#Armenian Orthodox 94%)
(people_languages#armenia#Armenian 96%, Russian 2%, other 2%)
(people_literacy#armenia#age 15 and over can read and write {1989 est.})
(people_literacy_total_population#armenia#99%)
(people_literacy_male#armenia#99%)
(people_literacy_female#armenia#98%)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_long_form#armenia#Republic of Armenia)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_short_form#armenia#Armenia)
(government_name_of_country_local_long_form#armenia#Hayastani Hanrapetut'yun)
(government_name_of_country_local_short_form#armenia#Hayastan)
(government_name_of_country_former#armenia#Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic; Armenian Republic)
(government_data_code#armenia#AM)
(government_type_of_government#armenia#republic)
(government_capital#armenia#Yerevan)
(government_administrative_divisions#armenia#37 regions {shrjanner, singular - shrjan} and 23 cities* {kaghakner, singular - kaghak}; Abovyan*, Akhuryani Shrjan, Alaverdi*, Amasiayi Shrjan, Anii Shrjan, Aparani Shrjan, Aragatsi Shrjan, Ararat*, Ararati Shrjan, Armaviri Shrjan, Artashat*, Artashati Shrjan, Art'ik*, Art'iki Shrjan, Ashots'k'i Shrjan, Ashtarak*, Ashtaraki Shrjan, Baghramyani Shrjan, Ch'arents'avan*, Dilijan*, Ejmiatsin*, Ejmiatsni Shrjan, Goris*, Gorisi Shrjan, Gugark'i Shrjan, Gyumri*, Hoktemberyan*, Hrazdan*, Hrazdani Shrjan, Ijevan*, Ijevani Shrjan, Jermuk*, Kamo*, Kamoyi Shrjan, Kapan*, Kapani Shrjan, Kotayk'i Shrjan, Krasnoselski Shrjan, Martunu Shrjan, Masisi Shrjan, Meghru Shrjan, Metsamor*, Nairii Shrjan, Noyemberyani Shrjan, Sevan*, Sevani Shrjan, Sisiani Shrjan, Spitak*, Spitaki Shrjan, Step'anavan*, Step'anavani Shrjan, T'alini Shrjan, Tashiri Shrjan, Taushi Shrjan, T'umanyani Shrjan, Vanadzor*, Vardenisi Shrjan, Vayk'i Shrjan, Yeghegnadzori Shrjan, Yerevan*)
(government_administrative_divisions_note#armenia#with the adoption of the new constitution of 5 July 1995, the country was divided into 10 provinces plus the capital: Aragatsotn, Ararat, Armavir, Gegharkunik, Gugark, Kotayk, Shirak, Syunk, Uak, Vayots Dzor, and the capital city of Yerevan)
(government_independence#armenia#28 May 1918 {First Armenian Republic}; 23 September 1991 {from Soviet Union})
(government_national_holiday#armenia#Referendum Day, 21 September)
(government_constitution#armenia#adopted by nationwide referendum 5 July 1995)
(government_legal_system#armenia#based on civil law system)
(government_suffrage#armenia#18 years of age; universal)
(government_executive_branch_chief_of_state#armenia#President Levon Akopovich TER-PETROSSIAN {since NA October 1991} was elected Chairman of the Armenian Supreme Soviet 4 August 1990 before being elected president by popular vote; election last held 16 October 1991 {next to be held NA September 1996}; results - Levon Akopovich TER-PETROSSIAN 86%, radical nationalists 7% {est.})
(government_executive_branch_head_of_government#armenia#Prime Minister Hrant BAGRATYAN {since 16 February 1993} was appointed by the president; First Deputy Prime Minister Vigen CHITECHYAN {since 16 February 1993})
(government_executive_branch_cabinet#armenia#Council of Ministers was appointed by the president)
(government_legislative_branch#armenia#unicameral)
(government_national_assembly#armenia#elections last held 5 July 1995 {next to be held NA 2000}; results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - {190 total} Republican Bloc 159 {ANM 63, DLP-Hanrapetutyun Bloc 6, Republic Party 4, CDU 3, Intellectual Armenia 3, Social Democratic Party 2, independents 78}, SWM 8, ACP 7, NDU 5, NSDU 3, DLP 1, ARF 1, other 4, vacant 2)
(government_judicial_branch#armenia#Supreme Court)
(government_republic_bloc_{hanrapetoutioun}#armenia#Armenian National Movement {ANM}, Husik LAZARIAN, chairman; Democratic Liberal Party {split away from the opposition party}; Republican Party, Ashot NAVARSARDIAN, chairman; Christian Democratic Union {CDU}, Azat ARSHAKIAN, chairman; Intellectual Armenia, H. TOKMAJIAN; Social Democratic {Hnchakian} Party, Yeghia NAJARIAN)
(government_republic_bloc_{hanrapetoutioun}_opposition_parties#armenia#Shamiram Women's Movement {SWM}, Nadezhda SARKISIAN; Armenian Communist Party {ACP}, Sergey BADALYAN; National Democratic Union {NDU}, Davit VARDANIAN and Vasken MANUKIAN; Union of National Self-Determination {NSDU}, Paruir HAIRIKIAN, chairman; Democratic Liberal Party {DLP}, Rouben MIRZAKHANIAN, chairman; Armenian Revolutionary Federation {ARF}, Rouben HAKOBIAN, chairman)
(government_international_organization_participation#armenia#BSEC, CCC, CIS, EBRD, ECE, ESCAP, FAO, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ITU, NACC, NAM {observer}, OSCE, PFP, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTrO {applicant})
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_chief_of_mission#armenia#Ambassador Ruben SHUGARIAN)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_chancery#armenia#11th floor, 1660 L Street NW, Washington, DC 20036)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_telephone#armenia#[1] {202} 628-5766)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_fax#armenia#[1] {202} 628-5769)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_consulate{s}_general#armenia#Los Angeles)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_chief_of_mission#armenia#Ambassador Peter TOMSEN)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_embassy#armenia#18 Gen Bagramian, Yerevan)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_mailing_address#armenia#use embassy street address)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_telephone#armenia#[7] {3742} 151-144, 524-661)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_fax#armenia#[7] {3742} 151-138)
(government_flag#armenia#three equal horizontal bands of red {top}, blue, and gold)
(economy_economic_overview#armenia#Under the old Soviet central planning system, Armenia had developed a modern industrial sector, supplying machine building tools, textiles, and other manufactured goods to sister republics in exchange for raw materials and energy. Armenia is a food importer and its mineral deposits {gold, bauxite} are small. The economic decline in recent years {1991-94} has been particularly severe due to the ongoing conflict over the ethnic Armenian-dominated region of Nagorno-Karabakh in Azerbaijan. Azerbaijan and Turkey have blockaded pipeline and railroad traffic to Armenia for its support of the Karabakh Armenians. This has left Armenia with chronic energy shortages because of a lack of capacity and frequent disruptions of natural gas deliveries through unstable Georgia, as well as difficulties in obtaining other types of fuel. Nevertheless, the economy appears to have bottomed out due largely to the government's strong reform program. GDP grew by about 5% in 1995. Inflation fell from an average 40% per month in early 1994 to an average 2.4% per month in 1995. A full economic recovery, however, cannot be expected until the conflict is settled and the blockade lifted.)
(economy_gdp#armenia#purchasing power parity - $9.1 billion {1995 estimate as extrapolated from World Bank estimate for 1994})
(economy_gdp_real_growth_rate#armenia#5.2% {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_per_capita#armenia#$2,560 {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_agriculture#armenia#57%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_industry#armenia#36%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_services#armenia#7% {1993 est.})
(economy_inflation_rate_{consumer_prices}#armenia#32.2% {1995 est.})
(economy_labor_force#armenia#1.012 million)
(economy_labor_force_by_occupation#armenia#industry and construction 46%, agriculture 2%, transportation and communication 7%, other 45% {1992})
(economy_unemployment_rate#armenia#8% officially registered unemployed, but large numbers of underemployed {December 1995})
(economy_budget_revenues#armenia#$NA)
(economy_budget_expenditures#armenia#$NA, including capital expenditures of $NA)
(economy_industries#armenia#much of industry is shut down; metal-cutting machine tools, forging-pressing machines, electric motors, tires, knitted wear, hosiery, shoes, silk fabric, washing machines, chemicals, trucks, watches, instruments, microelectronics)
(economy_industrial_production_growth_rate#armenia#2.4% {1995 est.})
(economy_electricity_capacity#armenia#4,620,000 kW)
(economy_electricity_production#armenia#5.7 billion kWh)
(economy_electricity_consumption_per_capita#armenia#1,620 kWh {1994})
(economy_agriculture#armenia#fruit {especially grapes}, vegetables; vineyards near Yerevan are famous for brandy and other liqueurs; minor livestock sector)
(economy_illicit_drugs#armenia#illicit cultivator of cannabis mostly for domestic consumption; used as a transshipment point for illicit drugs to Western Europe)
(economy_exports#armenia#$248 million {f.o.b., 1995})
(economy_exports_commodities#armenia#gold and jewelry, aluminum, transport equipment, electrical equipment, scrap metal)
(economy_exports_partners#armenia#Iran, Russia, Turkmenistan, Georgia)
(economy_imports#armenia#$661 million {c.i.f., 1995})
(economy_imports_commodities#armenia#grain, other foods, fuel, other energy)
(economy_imports_partners#armenia#Iran, Russia, Turkmenistan, Georgia, US, EU)
(economy_external_debt#armenia#$850 million {of which $75 million to Russia} {1995 est.})
(economy_economic_aid_recipient#armenia#ODA, $30 million {1993})
(economy_economic_aid_note#armenia#commitments {excluding Russia}, $1,385 million {$675 million in disbursements} {1992-95})
(economy_currency#armenia#1 dram = 100 luma {introduced new currency in November 1993})
(economy_exchange_rates#armenia#dram per US$1 - 401.8 {end December 1995}, 406 {end December 1994})
(economy_fiscal_year#armenia#calendar year)
(transportation_railways_total#armenia#825 km in common carrier service; does not include industrial lines)
(transportation_railways_broad_gauge#armenia#825 km 1.520-m gauge {1992})
(transportation_highways_total#armenia#11,300 km)
(transportation_highways_paved#armenia#10,500 km {including graveled})
(transportation_highways_unpaved#armenia#800 km {1990 est.})
(transportation_waterways#armenia#NA km)
(transportation_pipelines#armenia#natural gas 900 km {1991})
(transportation_ports#armenia#none)
(transportation_airports_total#armenia#11)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_over_3,047_m#armenia#2)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_1,524_to_2,437_m#armenia#1)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_914_to_1,523_m#armenia#2)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_1,524_to_2,437_m#armenia#2)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_914_to_1,523_m#armenia#3)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_under_914_m#armenia#1 {1994 est.})
(communications_telephones#armenia#650,000)
(communications_telephone_system#armenia#joint venture agreement to install fiber-optic cable and construct facilities for cellular telephone service remains in the negotiation phase)
(communications_telephone_system_domestic#armenia#NA)
(communications_telephone_system_international#armenia#international connections to other former Soviet republics are by landline or microwave radio relay and to other countries by satellite and by leased connection through the Moscow international gateway switch; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat)
(communications_radio_broadcast_stations#armenia#AM 10, FM 3, shortwave NA {1991})
(communications_radios#armenia#NA)
(communications_television_broadcast_stations#armenia#1)
(communications_television_broadcast_stations_note#armenia#100% of population receives Armenian and Russian TV programs)
(communications_televisions#armenia#NA)
(defense_branches#armenia#Army, Air and Air Defense Forces, Security Forces {internal and border troops})
(defense_manpower_availability_males_age_15-49#armenia#901,974)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_fit_for_military_service#armenia#719,212)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_reach_military_age_{18}_annually#armenia#29,988 {1996 est.})
(defense_defense_expenditures#armenia#exchange rate conversion - $75 million, NA% of GDP {1992})
(header_affiliation#aruba#{part of the Dutch realm})
(geography_location#aruba#Caribbean, island in the Caribbean Sea, north of Venezuela)
(geography_geographic_coordinates#aruba#12 30 N, 69 58 W)
(geography_map_references#aruba#Central America and the Caribbean)
(geography_area_total_area#aruba#193 sq km)
(geography_area_land_area#aruba#193 sq km)
(geography_area_comparative_area#aruba#slightly larger than Washington, DC)
(geography_land_boundaries#aruba#0 km)
(geography_coastline#aruba#68.5 km)
(geography_maritime_claims_territorial_sea#aruba#12 nm)
(geography_international_disputes#aruba#none)
(geography_climate#aruba#tropical marine; little seasonal temperature variation)
(geography_terrain#aruba#flat with a few hills; scant vegetation)
(geography_terrain_lowest_point#aruba#Caribbean Sea 0 m)
(geography_terrain_highest_point#aruba#Mount Jamanota 188 m)
(geography_natural_resources#aruba#negligible; white sandy beaches)
(geography_land_use_arable_land#aruba#0%)
(geography_land_use_permanent_crops#aruba#0%)
(geography_land_use_meadows_and_pastures#aruba#0%)
(geography_land_use_forest_and_woodland#aruba#0%)
(geography_land_use_other#aruba#100%)
(geography_irrigated_land#aruba#NA sq km)
(geography_environment_current_issues#aruba#NA)
(geography_environment_natural_hazards#aruba#lies outside the Caribbean hurricane belt)
(geography_environment_international_agreements#aruba#NA)
(people_population#aruba#67,794 {July 1996 est.})
(people_age_structure_0-14_years#aruba#22% {male 7,850; female 7,155})
(people_age_structure_15-64_years#aruba#69% {male 22,499; female 24,596})
(people_age_structure_65_years_and_over#aruba#9% {male 2,353; female 3,341} {July 1996 est.})
(people_population_growth_rate#aruba#0.31% {1996 est.})
(people_birth_rate#aruba#14.62 births/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_death_rate#aruba#6.24 deaths/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_net_migration_rate#aruba#-5.31 migrant{s}/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_sex_ratio_at_birth#aruba#1.05 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_under_15_years#aruba#1.1 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_15-64_years#aruba#0.92 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_65_years_and_over#aruba#0.7 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_all_ages#aruba#0.93 male{s}/female)
(people_infant_mortality_rate#aruba#8.2 deaths/1,000 live births {1996 est.})
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_total_population#aruba#76.68 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_male#aruba#73 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_female#aruba#80.55 years {1996 est.})
(people_total_fertility_rate#aruba#1.81 children born/woman {1996 est.})
(people_nationality_noun#aruba#Aruban{s})
(people_nationality_adjective#aruba#Aruban)
(people_ethnic_divisions#aruba#mixed European/Caribbean Indian 80%)
(people_religions#aruba#Roman Catholic 82%, Protestant 8%, Hindu, Muslim, Confucian, Jewish)
(people_languages#aruba#Dutch {official}, Papiamento {a Spanish, Portuguese, Dutch, English dialect}, English {widely spoken}, Spanish)
(people_literacy#aruba#NA)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_long_form#aruba#none)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_short_form#aruba#Aruba)
(government_data_code#aruba#AA)
(government_type_of_government#aruba#part of the Dutch realm; full autonomy in internal affairs obtained in 1986 upon separation from the Netherlands Antilles)
(government_capital#aruba#Oranjestad)
(government_administrative_divisions#aruba#none {self-governing part of the Netherlands})
(government_independence#aruba#none {part of the Dutch realm; in 1990, Aruba requested and received from the Netherlands cancellation of the agreement to automatically give independence to the island in 1996})
(government_national_holiday#aruba#Flag Day, 18 March)
(government_constitution#aruba#1 January 1986)
(government_legal_system#aruba#based on Dutch civil law system, with some English common law influence)
(government_suffrage#aruba#18 years of age; universal)
(government_executive_branch_chief_of_state#aruba#Queen BEATRIX Wilhelmina Armgard {of the Netherlands since 30 April 1980}, a constitutional monarch, is represented by Governor General Olindo KOOLMAN {since 1 January 1992} who was appointed for a six-year term by the queen)
(government_executive_branch_head_of_government#aruba#Prime Minister Jan {Henny} H. EMAN {since 29 July 1994} and Deputy Prime Minister Glenbert F. CROES were appointed by the legislature)
(government_executive_branch_cabinet#aruba#Council of Ministers was appointed by the legislature)
(government_legislative_branch#aruba#unicameral)
(government_legislature_{staten}#aruba#elections last held 29 July 1994 {next to be held by NA July 1998}; results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - {21 total} AVP 10, MEP 9, OLA 2)
(government_judicial_branch#aruba#Joint High Court of Justice)
(government_political_parties_and_leaders#aruba#Electoral Movement Party {MEP}, Nelson ODUBER; Aruban People's Party {AVP}, Jan {Henny} H. EMAN; National Democratic Action {ADN}, Pedro Charro KELLY; New Patriotic Party {PPN}, Eddy WERLEMEN; Aruban Patriotic Party {PPA}, Benny NISBET; Aruban Democratic Party {PDA}, Leo BERLINSKI; Democratic Action '86 {AD '86}, Arturo ODUBER; Aruban Liberal Party {OLA}, Glenbert CROES)
(government_political_parties_and_leaders_note#aruba#governing coalition includes the AVP and OLA)
(government_international_organization_participation#aruba#ECLAC {associate}, Interpol, IOC, UNESCO {associate}, WCL, WToO {associate})
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us#aruba#none {self-governing part of the Netherlands})
(government_us_diplomatic_representation#aruba#none {self-governing part of the Netherlands})
(government_flag#aruba#blue with two narrow horizontal yellow stripes across the lower portion and a red, four-pointed star outlined in white in the upper hoist-side corner)
(economy_economic_overview#aruba#Tourism is the mainstay of the Aruban economy, although offshore banking and oil refining and storage are also important. The rapid growth of the tourism sector over the last decade has resulted in a substantial expansion of other activities. Construction has boomed, with hotel capacity five times the 1985 level. In addition, the reopening of the country's oil refinery in 1993, a major source of employment and foreign exchange earnings, has further spurred growth. Aruba's small labor force and less than 1% unemployment rate have led to a large number of unfilled job vacancies despite sharp rises in wage rates in recent years.)
(economy_gdp#aruba#purchasing power parity - $1.2 billion {1994 est.})
(economy_gdp_real_growth_rate#aruba#6.1% {1994 est.})
(economy_gdp_per_capita#aruba#$18,000 {1994 est.})
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_agriculture#aruba#NA%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_industry#aruba#NA%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_services#aruba#NA%)
(economy_inflation_rate_{consumer_prices}#aruba#6.1% {1994})
(economy_labor_force#aruba#NA)
(economy_labor_force_by_occupation#aruba#most employment is in the tourist industry {1995})
(economy_unemployment_rate#aruba#0.5% {1994})
(economy_budget_revenues#aruba#$145 million)
(economy_budget_expenditures#aruba#$185 million, including capital expenditures of $42 million {1988})
(economy_industries#aruba#tourism, transshipment facilities, oil refining)
(economy_industrial_production_growth_rate#aruba#NA%)
(economy_electricity_capacity#aruba#90,000 kW)
(economy_electricity_production#aruba#330 million kWh)
(economy_electricity_consumption_per_capita#aruba#4,761 kWh {1993})
(economy_agriculture#aruba#aloes; livestock; fishing)
(economy_illicit_drugs#aruba#major drug money laundering center and minor transit point for narcotics bound for the US and Europe)
(economy_exports#aruba#$1.3 billion {including oil re-exports} {f.o.b., 1994})
(economy_exports_commodities#aruba#mostly refined petroleum products)
(economy_exports_partners#aruba#US 64%, EU)
(economy_imports#aruba#$1.6 billion {f.o.b., 1994})
(economy_imports_commodities#aruba#food, consumer goods, manufactures, petroleum products, crude oil for refining and reexport)
(economy_imports_partners#aruba#US 8%, EU)
(economy_external_debt#aruba#$669 million {December 1995})
(economy_economic_aid#aruba#$NA)
(economy_currency#aruba#1 Aruban florin {Af.} = 100 cents)
(economy_exchange_rates#aruba#Aruban florins {Af.} per US$1 - 1.7900 {fixed rate since 1986})
(economy_fiscal_year#aruba#calendar year)
(transportation_railways#aruba#0 km)
(transportation_highways_total#aruba#NA km)
(transportation_highways_paved#aruba#NA km)
(transportation_highways_unpaved#aruba#NA km)
(transportation_ports#aruba#Barcadera, Oranjestad, Sint Nicolaas)
(transportation_merchant_marine#aruba#none)
(transportation_airports_total#aruba#2)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_2,438_to_3,047_m#aruba#1)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_914_to_1,523_m#aruba#1)
(transportation_airports_note#aruba#government-owned airport east of Oranjestad accepts transatlantic flights {1995 est.})
(communications_telephones#aruba#22,922 {1993 est.})
(communications_telephone_system_domestic#aruba#more than adequate)
(communications_telephone_system_international#aruba#1 submarine cable to Sint Maarten {Netherlands Antilles}; extensive interisland microwave radio relay links)
(communications_radio_broadcast_stations#aruba#AM 4, FM 4, shortwave 0)
(communications_radios#aruba#NA)
(communications_television_broadcast_stations#aruba#1)
(communications_televisions#aruba#19,000 {1993 est.})
(defense_defense_note#aruba#defense is the responsibility of the Netherlands)
(header_affiliation#ashmore_and_cartier_islands#{territory of Australia})
(geography_location#ashmore_and_cartier_islands#Southeastern Asia, islands in the Indian Ocean, northwest of Australia)
(geography_geographic_coordinates#ashmore_and_cartier_islands#12 14 S, 123 05 E)
(geography_map_references#ashmore_and_cartier_islands#Southeast Asia)
(geography_area_total_area#ashmore_and_cartier_islands#5 sq km)
(geography_area_land_area#ashmore_and_cartier_islands#5 sq km)
(geography_area_comparative_area#ashmore_and_cartier_islands#about eight times the size of The Mall in Washington, DC)
(geography_area_note#ashmore_and_cartier_islands#includes Ashmore Reef {West, Middle, and East Islets} and Cartier Island)
(geography_land_boundaries#ashmore_and_cartier_islands#0 km)
(geography_coastline#ashmore_and_cartier_islands#74.1 km)
(geography_maritime_claims_contiguous_zone#ashmore_and_cartier_islands#12 nm)
(geography_maritime_claims_continental_shelf#ashmore_and_cartier_islands#200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation)
(geography_maritime_claims_exclusive_fishing_zone#ashmore_and_cartier_islands#200 nm)
(geography_maritime_claims_territorial_sea#ashmore_and_cartier_islands#3 nm)
(geography_international_disputes#ashmore_and_cartier_islands#none)
(geography_climate#ashmore_and_cartier_islands#tropical)
(geography_terrain#ashmore_and_cartier_islands#low with sand and coral)
(geography_terrain_lowest_point#ashmore_and_cartier_islands#Indian Ocean 0 m)
(geography_terrain_highest_point#ashmore_and_cartier_islands#unnamed location 3 m)
(geography_natural_resources#ashmore_and_cartier_islands#fish)
(geography_land_use_arable_land#ashmore_and_cartier_islands#0%)
(geography_land_use_permanent_crops#ashmore_and_cartier_islands#0%)
(geography_land_use_meadows_and_pastures#ashmore_and_cartier_islands#0%)
(geography_land_use_forest_and_woodland#ashmore_and_cartier_islands#0%)
(geography_land_use_other#ashmore_and_cartier_islands#100% {all grass and sand})
(geography_irrigated_land#ashmore_and_cartier_islands#0 sq km)
(geography_environment_current_issues#ashmore_and_cartier_islands#NA)
(geography_environment_natural_hazards#ashmore_and_cartier_islands#surrounded by shoals and reefs that can pose maritime hazards)
(geography_environment_international_agreements#ashmore_and_cartier_islands#NA)
(geography_geographic_note#ashmore_and_cartier_islands#Ashmore Reef National Nature Reserve established in August 1983)
(people_population#ashmore_and_cartier_islands#no indigenous inhabitants; note - there are only seasonal caretakers)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_long_form#ashmore_and_cartier_islands#Territory of Ashmore and Cartier Islands)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_short_form#ashmore_and_cartier_islands#Ashmore and Cartier Islands)
(government_data_code#ashmore_and_cartier_islands#AT)
(government_type_of_government#ashmore_and_cartier_islands#territory of Australia administered by the Australian Ministry for the Environment, Sport, and Territories)
(government_capital#ashmore_and_cartier_islands#none; administered from Canberra, Australia)
(government_administrative_divisions#ashmore_and_cartier_islands#none {territory of Australia})
(government_independence#ashmore_and_cartier_islands#none {territory of Australia})
(government_legal_system#ashmore_and_cartier_islands#relevant laws of the Northern Territory of Australia)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us#ashmore_and_cartier_islands#none {territory of Australia})
(government_us_diplomatic_representation#ashmore_and_cartier_islands#none {territory of Australia})
(government_flag#ashmore_and_cartier_islands#the flag of Australia is used)
(economy_economic_overview#ashmore_and_cartier_islands#no economic activity)
(transportation_ports#ashmore_and_cartier_islands#none; offshore anchorage only)
(defense_defense_note#ashmore_and_cartier_islands#defense is the responsibility of Australia; periodic visits by the Royal Australian Navy and Royal Australian Air Force)
(geography_location#atlantic_ocean#body of water between Africa, Europe, Antarctica, and the Western Hemisphere)
(geography_geographic_coordinates#atlantic_ocean#0 00 N, 25 00 W)
(geography_map_references#atlantic_ocean#World)
(geography_area_total_area#atlantic_ocean#82.217 million sq km)
(geography_area_comparative_area#atlantic_ocean#slightly less than nine times the size of the US; second-largest of the world's four oceans {after the Pacific Ocean, but larger than Indian Ocean or Arctic Ocean})
(geography_area_note#atlantic_ocean#includes Baltic Sea, Black Sea, Caribbean Sea, Davis Strait, Denmark Strait, Drake Passage, Gulf of Mexico, Mediterranean Sea, North Sea, Norwegian Sea, Scotia Sea, Weddell Sea, and other tributary water bodies)
(geography_coastline#atlantic_ocean#111,866 km)
(geography_international_disputes#atlantic_ocean#some maritime disputes {see littoral states})
(geography_climate#atlantic_ocean#tropical cyclones {hurricanes} develop off the coast of Africa near Cape Verde and move westward into the Caribbean Sea; hurricanes can occur from May to December, but are most frequent from August to November)
(geography_terrain#atlantic_ocean#surface usually covered with sea ice in Labrador Sea, Denmark Strait, and Baltic Sea from October to June; clockwise warm water gyre {broad, circular system of currents} in the northern Atlantic, counterclockwise warm water gyre in the southern Atlantic; the ocean floor is dominated by the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, a rugged north-south centerline for the entire Atlantic basin)
(geography_terrain_lowest_point#atlantic_ocean#Puerto Rico Trench -8,605 m)
(geography_terrain_highest_point#atlantic_ocean#sea level 0 m)
(geography_natural_resources#atlantic_ocean#oil and gas fields, fish, marine mammals {seals and whales}, sand and gravel aggregates, placer deposits, polymetallic nodules, precious stones)
(geography_environment_current_issues#atlantic_ocean#endangered marine species include the manatee, seals, sea lions, turtles, and whales; drift net fishing is hastening the decline of fish stocks and contributing to international disputes; municipal sludge pollution off eastern US, southern Brazil, and eastern Argentina; oil pollution in Caribbean Sea, Gulf of Mexico, Lake Maracaibo, Mediterranean Sea, and North Sea; industrial waste and municipal sewage pollution in Baltic Sea, North Sea, and Mediterranean Sea)
(geography_environment_natural_hazards#atlantic_ocean#icebergs common in Davis Strait, Denmark Strait, and the northwestern Atlantic Ocean from February to August and have been spotted as far south as Bermuda and the Madeira Islands; icebergs from Antarctica occur in the extreme southern Atlantic Ocean; ships subject to superstructure icing in extreme northern Atlantic from October to May and extreme southern Atlantic from May to October; persistent fog can be a maritime hazard from May to September)
(geography_environment_international_agreements#atlantic_ocean#NA)
(geography_geographic_note#atlantic_ocean#major choke points include the Dardanelles, Strait of Gibraltar, access to the Panama and Suez Canals; strategic straits include the Strait of Dover, Straits of Florida, Mona Passage, The Sound {Oresund}, and Windward Passage; the Equator divides the Atlantic Ocean into the North Atlantic Ocean and South Atlantic Ocean)
(government_data_code#atlantic_ocean#none; the US Government has not approved a standard for hydrographic codes - see the Cross-Reference List of Hydrographic Data Codes appendix)
(economy_economic_overview#atlantic_ocean#The Atlantic Ocean provides some of the world's most heavily trafficked sea routes, between and within the Eastern and Western Hemispheres. Other economic activity includes the exploitation of natural resources, e.g., fishing, the dredging of aragonite sands {The Bahamas}, and production of crude oil and natural gas {Caribbean Sea, Gulf of Mexico, and North Sea}.)
(transportation_ports#atlantic_ocean#Alexandria {Egypt}, Algiers {Algeria}, Antwerp {Belgium}, Barcelona {Spain}, Buenos Aires {Argentina}, Casablanca {Morocco}, Colon {Panama}, Copenhagen {Denmark}, Dakar {Senegal}, Gdansk {Poland}, Hamburg {Germany}, Helsinki {Finland}, Las Palmas {Canary Islands, Spain}, Le Havre {France}, Lisbon {Portugal}, London {UK}, Marseille {France}, Montevideo {Uruguay}, Montreal {Canada}, Naples {Italy}, New Orleans {US}, New York {US}, Oran {Algeria}, Oslo {Norway}, Piraeus {Greece}, Rio de Janeiro {Brazil}, Rotterdam {Netherlands}, Saint Petersburg {Russia}, Stockholm {Sweden})
(transportation_transportation_note#atlantic_ocean#Kiel Canal and Saint Lawrence Seaway are two important waterways)
(communications_telephone_system_international#atlantic_ocean#numerous submarine cables with most between continental Europe and the UK, between North America and the UK, and in the Mediterranean; numerous direct links across Atlantic via satellite networks)
(geography_location#australia#Oceania, continent between the Indian Ocean and the South Pacific Ocean)
(geography_geographic_coordinates#australia#27 00 S, 133 00 E)
(geography_map_references#australia#Oceania)
(geography_area_total_area#australia#7,686,850 sq km)
(geography_area_land_area#australia#7,617,930 sq km)
(geography_area_comparative_area#australia#slightly smaller than the US)
(geography_area_note#australia#includes Macquarie Island)
(geography_land_boundaries#australia#0 km)
(geography_coastline#australia#25,760 km)
(geography_maritime_claims_contiguous_zone#australia#24 nm)
(geography_maritime_claims_continental_shelf#australia#200 nm or to the edge of the continental margin)
(geography_maritime_claims_exclusive_economic_zone#australia#200 nm)
(geography_maritime_claims_territorial_sea#australia#12 nm)
(geography_international_disputes#australia#territorial claim in Antarctica {Australian Antarctic Territory})
(geography_climate#australia#generally arid to semiarid; temperate in south and east; tropical in north)
(geography_terrain#australia#mostly low plateau with deserts; fertile plain in southeast)
(geography_terrain_lowest_point#australia#Lake Eyre -15 m)
(geography_terrain_highest_point#australia#Mount Kosciusko 2,229 m)
(geography_natural_resources#australia#bauxite, coal, iron ore, copper, tin, silver, uranium, nickel, tungsten, mineral sands, lead, zinc, diamonds, natural gas, petroleum)
(geography_land_use_arable_land#australia#6%)
(geography_land_use_permanent_crops#australia#0%)
(geography_land_use_meadows_and_pastures#australia#58%)
(geography_land_use_forest_and_woodland#australia#14%)
(geography_land_use_other#australia#22%)
(geography_irrigated_land#australia#18,800 sq km {1989 est.})
(geography_environment_current_issues#australia#soil erosion from overgrazing, industrial development, urbanization, and poor farming practices; soil salinity rising due to the use of poor quality water; desertification; clearing for agricultural purposes threatens the natural habitat of many unique animal and plant species; the Great Barrier Reef off the northeast coast, the largest coral reef in the world, is threatened by increased shipping and its popularity as a tourist site; limited natural fresh water resources)
(geography_environment_natural_hazards#australia#cyclones along the coast; severe droughts)
(geography_environment_international_agreements#australia#party to - Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Wetlands; signed, but not ratified - Desertification)
(geography_geographic_note#australia#world's smallest continent but sixth-largest country; population concentrated along the eastern and southeastern coasts; regular, tropical, invigorating, sea breeze known as "the Doctor" occurs along the west coast in the summer)
(people_population#australia#18,260,863 {July 1996 est.})
(people_age_structure_0-14_years#australia#21% {male 2,009,915; female 1,912,605})
(people_age_structure_15-64_years#australia#66% {male 6,129,285; female 5,980,315})
(people_age_structure_65_years_and_over#australia#13% {male 967,291; female 1,261,452} {July 1996 est.})
(people_population_growth_rate#australia#0.99% {1996 est.})
(people_birth_rate#australia#13.99 births/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_death_rate#australia#6.88 deaths/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_net_migration_rate#australia#2.74 migrant{s}/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_sex_ratio_at_birth#australia#1.05 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_under_15_years#australia#1.05 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_15-64_years#australia#1.02 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_65_years_and_over#australia#0.77 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_all_ages#australia#1 male{s}/female {1996 est.})
(people_infant_mortality_rate#australia#5.5 deaths/1,000 live births {1996 est.})
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_total_population#australia#79.39 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_male#australia#76.44 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_female#australia#82.5 years {1996 est.})
(people_total_fertility_rate#australia#1.84 children born/woman {1996 est.})
(people_nationality_noun#australia#Australian{s})
(people_nationality_adjective#australia#Australian)
(people_ethnic_divisions#australia#Caucasian 95%, Asian 4%, aboriginal and other 1%)
(people_religions#australia#Anglican 26.1%, Roman Catholic 26%, other Christian 24.3%)
(people_languages#australia#English, native languages)
(people_literacy#australia#age 15 and over can read and write {1980 est.})
(people_literacy_total_population#australia#100%)
(people_literacy_male#australia#100%)
(people_literacy_female#australia#100%)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_long_form#australia#Commonwealth of Australia)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_short_form#australia#Australia)
(government_data_code#australia#AS)
(government_type_of_government#australia#federal parliamentary state)
(government_capital#australia#Canberra)
(government_administrative_divisions#australia#6 states and 2 territories*; Australian Capital Territory*, New South Wales, Northern Territory*, Queensland, South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria, Western Australia)
(government_dependent_areas#australia#Ashmore and Cartier Islands, Christmas Island, Cocos {Keeling} Islands, Coral Sea Islands, Heard Island and McDonald Islands, Norfolk Island)
(government_independence#australia#1 January 1901 {federation of UK colonies})
(government_national_holiday#australia#Australia Day, 26 January {1788})
(government_constitution#australia#9 July 1900, effective 1 January 1901)
(government_legal_system#australia#based on English common law; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations)
(government_suffrage#australia#18 years of age; universal and compulsory)
(government_executive_branch_chief_of_state#australia#Queen ELIZABETH II {since 6 February 1952} is a hereditary monarch, represented by Governor General Sir William DEANE {since 16 February 1996} who was appointed by the queen)
(government_executive_branch_head_of_government#australia#Prime Minister John Winston HOWARD {since 11 March 1996} was appointed by the governor general; Deputy Prime Minister Timothy Andrew FISCHER {since 11 March 1996})
(government_executive_branch_cabinet#australia#Cabinet was selected from among the members of Federal Parliament by the governor general on the advice of the prime minister)
(government_legislative_branch#australia#bicameral Federal Parliament)
(government_senate#australia#elections last held 2 March 1996 {next to be held NA 1999}; results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - {76 total} Liberal-National 37, Labor 29, Australian Democrats 8, Greens 1, independent 1)
(government_house_of_representatives#australia#elections last held 2 March 1996 {next to be held NA 1999}; results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - {148 total} Liberal-National 94, Labor 49, independent 5)
(government_judicial_branch#australia#High Court, the Chief Justice and six other justices are appointed by the governor general)
(government_political_parties_and_leaders_government#australia#coalition of Liberal Party, John Winston HOWARD and National Party, Timothy Andrew FISCHER)
(government_political_parties_and_leaders_opposition#australia#Australian Labor Party, Kim BEAZLEY; Australian Democratic Party, Cheryl KERNOT; Green Party, Bob BROWN)
(government_other_political_or_pressure_groups#australia#Australian Democratic Labor Party {anti-Communist Labor Party splinter group}; Peace and Nuclear Disarmament Action {Nuclear Disarmament Party splinter group})
(government_international_organization_participation#australia#AG {observer}, ANZUS, APEC, AsDB, Australia Group, BIS, C, CCC, CP, EBRD, ESCAP, FAO, G- 8, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, MTCR, NAM {guest}, NEA, NSG, OECD, PCA, Sparteca, SPC, SPF, UN, UNAMIR, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNFICYP, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNTSO, UNU, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTrO, ZC)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_chief_of_mission#australia#Ambassador John Phillip MCCARTHY)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_chancery#australia#1601 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20036)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_telephone#australia#[1] {202} 797-3000)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_fax#australia#[1] {202} 797-3168)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_consulate{s}_general#australia#Atlanta, Honolulu, Houston, Los Angeles, New York, Pago Pago {American Samoa}, and San Francisco)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_chief_of_mission#australia#Ambassador Edward J. PERKINS)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_embassy#australia#Moonah Place, Yarralumla, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2600)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_mailing_address#australia#APO AP 96549)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_telephone#australia#[61] {6} 270-5000)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_fax#australia#[61] {6} 270-5970)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_consulate{s}_general#australia#Melbourne, Perth, and Sydney)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_consulate{s}#australia#Brisbane)
(government_flag#australia#blue with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side quadrant and a large seven-pointed star in the lower hoist-side quadrant; the remaining half is a representation of the Southern Cross constellation in white with one small five-pointed star and four, larger, seven-pointed stars)
(economy_economic_overview#australia#Australia has a prosperous Western-style capitalist economy, with a per capita GDP comparable to levels in highly industrialized West European countries. Rich in natural resources, Australia is a major exporter of agricultural products, minerals, metals, and fossil fuels. Commodities account for more than 80% of the value of total exports, so that, as in 1983-84, a downturn in world commodity prices can have a big impact on the economy. The government is pushing for increased exports of manufactured goods, but competition in international markets continues to be severe. Australia has suffered from the low growth and high unemployment characterizing the OECD countries in the early 1990s. In 1992-93 the economy recovered slowly from the prolonged recession of 1990-91, a major restraining factor being weak world demand for Australia's exports. Growth picked up so strongly in 1994 that the government felt the need for fiscal and monetary tightening by yearend. Australia's GDP grew 6.4% in 1994, largely due to increases in industrial output and business investment. A severe drought in 1994 reduced the value of Australia's net farm production, but rising world commodity prices are likely to boost commodity exports by 15% to $42.4 billion in 1995/96, according to government statistics. Short-term economic problems include a balancing of output growth and inflationary pressures and the stimulation of exports to offset rising imports.)
(economy_gdp#australia#purchasing power parity - $405.4 billion {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_real_growth_rate#australia#3.3% {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_per_capita#australia#$22,100 {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_agriculture#australia#3.1%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_industry#australia#27.7%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_services#australia#69.2% {1994})
(economy_inflation_rate_{consumer_prices}#australia#4.75% {1995})
(economy_labor_force#australia#8.63 million {September 1991})
(economy_labor_force_by_occupation#australia#finance and services 33.8%, public and community services 22.3%, wholesale and retail trade 20.1%, manufacturing and industry 16.2%, agriculture 6.1% {1987})
(economy_unemployment_rate#australia#8.1% {December 1995})
(economy_budget_revenues#australia#$95.69 billion)
(economy_budget_expenditures#australia#$95.15 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA {FY95/96 est.})
(economy_industries#australia#mining, industrial and transportation equipment, food processing, chemicals, steel)
(economy_industrial_production_growth_rate#australia#3.9% {FY93/94})
(economy_electricity_capacity#australia#34,540,000 kW)
(economy_electricity_production#australia#155 billion kWh)
(economy_electricity_consumption_per_capita#australia#8,021 kWh {1993})
(economy_agriculture#australia#wheat, barley, sugarcane, fruits; cattle, sheep, poultry)
(economy_illicit_drugs#australia#Tasmania is one of the world's major suppliers of licit opiate products; government maintains strict controls over areas of opium poppy cultivation and output of poppy straw concentrate)
(economy_exports#australia#$51.57 billion {f.o.b., 1995})
(economy_exports_commodities#australia#coal, gold, meat, wool, alumina, wheat, machinery and transport equipment)
(economy_exports_partners#australia#Japan 25%, US 11%, South Korea 6%, NZ 5.7%, UK, Taiwan, Singapore, Hong Kong {1992})
(economy_imports#australia#$57.41 billion {f.o.b., 1995})
(economy_imports_commodities#australia#machinery and transport equipment, computers and office machines, crude oil and petroleum products)
(economy_imports_partners#australia#US 23%, Japan 18%, UK 6%, Germany 5.7%, NZ 4% {1992})
(economy_external_debt#australia#$147.2 billion {1994})
(economy_economic_aid_donor#australia#ODA, $953 million {1993})
(economy_currency#australia#1 Australian dollar {$A} = 100 cents)
(economy_exchange_rates#australia#Australian dollars {$A} per US$1 - 1.3477 {January 1996}, 1.3486 {1995}, 1.3668 {1994}, 1.4704 {1993}, 1.3600 {1992}, 1.2835 {1991})
(economy_fiscal_year#australia#1 July - 30 June)
(transportation_railways_total#australia#38,563 km {2,914 km electrified; 172 km dual gauge})
(transportation_railways_broad_gauge#australia#6,083 km 1.600-m gauge)
(transportation_railways_standard_gauge#australia#16,752 km 1.435-m gauge)
(transportation_railways_narrow_gauge#australia#15,728 km 1.067-m gauge)
(transportation_highways_total#australia#810,264 km)
(transportation_highways_paved#australia#283,592 km {including 1,200 km of expressways})
(transportation_highways_unpaved#australia#526,672 km {1989 est.})
(transportation_waterways#australia#8,368 km; mainly by small, shallow-draft craft)
(transportation_pipelines#australia#crude oil 2,500 km; petroleum products 500 km; natural gas 5,600 km)
(transportation_ports#australia#Adelaide, Brisbane, Cairns, Darwin, Devonport, Fremantle, Geelong, Hobart {Tasmania}, Launceton {Tasmania}, Mackay, Melbourne, Sydney, Townsville)
(transportation_merchant_marine_total#australia#76 ships {1,000 GRT or over} totaling 2,547,869 GRT/3,679,534 DWT)
(transportation_merchant_marine_ships_by_type#australia#bulk 30, cargo 4, chemical tanker 3, combination bulk 1, container 6, liquefied gas tanker 6, oil tanker 18, roll-on/roll-off cargo 7, short-sea passenger 1 {1995 est.})
(transportation_airports_total#australia#442)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_over_3,047_m#australia#9)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_2,438_to_3,047_m#australia#13)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_1,524_to_2,437_m#australia#106)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_914_to_1,523_m#australia#116)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_under_914_m#australia#30)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_1,524_to_2,437_m#australia#22)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_914_to_1,523_m#australia#146 {1995 est.})
(communications_telephones#australia#8.7 million {1987 est.})
(communications_telephone_system#australia#good domestic and international service)
(communications_telephone_system_domestic#australia#domestic satellite system)
(communications_telephone_system_international#australia#submarine cables to New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, and Indonesia; satellite earth stations - 10 Intelsat {4 Indian Ocean and 6 Pacific Ocean}, 2 Inmarsat {Indian and Pacific Ocean Regions})
(communications_radio_broadcast_stations#australia#AM 258, FM 67, shortwave 0)
(communications_radios#australia#NA)
(communications_television_broadcast_stations#australia#134 {1987 est.})
(communications_televisions#australia#9.2 million {1992 est.})
(defense_branches#australia#Australian Army, Royal Australian Navy, Royal Australian Air Force)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_age_15-49#australia#4,848,777)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_fit_for_military_service#australia#4,192,250)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_reach_military_age_{17}_annually#australia#127,569 {1996 est.})
(defense_defense_expenditures#australia#exchange rate conversion - $7.3 billion, 2.0% of GDP {FY95/96})
(geography_location#austria#Central Europe, north of Italy)
(geography_geographic_coordinates#austria#47 20 N, 13 20 E)
(geography_map_references#austria#Europe)
(geography_area_total_area#austria#83,850 sq km)
(geography_area_land_area#austria#82,730 sq km)
(geography_area_comparative_area#austria#slightly smaller than Maine)
(geography_land_boundaries_total#austria#2,558 km)
(geography_land_boundaries_border_countries#austria#Czech Republic 362 km, Germany 784 km, Hungary 366 km, Italy 430 km, Liechtenstein 37 km, Slovakia 91 km, Slovenia 324 km, Switzerland 164 km)
(geography_coastline#austria#0 km {landlocked})
(geography_maritime_claims#austria#none {landlocked})
(geography_international_disputes#austria#none)
(geography_climate#austria#temperate; continental, cloudy; cold winters with frequent rain in lowlands and snow in mountains; cool summers with occasional showers)
(geography_terrain#austria#in the west and south mostly mountains {Alps}; along the eastern and northern margins mostly flat or gently sloping)
(geography_terrain_lowest_point#austria#Neusiedler See 115 m)
(geography_terrain_highest_point#austria#Grossglockner 3,797 m)
(geography_natural_resources#austria#iron ore, oil, timber, magnesite, lead, coal, lignite, copper, hydropower)
(geography_land_use_arable_land#austria#17%)
(geography_land_use_permanent_crops#austria#1%)
(geography_land_use_meadows_and_pastures#austria#24%)
(geography_land_use_forest_and_woodland#austria#39%)
(geography_land_use_other#austria#19%)
(geography_irrigated_land#austria#40 sq km {1989})
(geography_environment_current_issues#austria#some forest degradation caused by air and soil pollution; soil pollution results from the use of agricultural chemicals; air pollution results from emissions by coal- and oil-fired power stations and industrial plants and from trucks transiting Austria between northern and southern Europe)
(geography_environment_natural_hazards#austria#NA)
(geography_environment_international_agreements#austria#party to - Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Sulphur 85, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Wetlands, Whaling; signed, but not ratified - Air Pollution-Sulphur 94, Antarctic-Environmental Protocol)
(geography_geographic_note#austria#landlocked; strategic location at the crossroads of central Europe with many easily traversable Alpine passes and valleys; major river is the Danube; population is concentrated on eastern lowlands because of steep slopes, poor soils, and low temperatures elsewhere)
(people_population#austria#8,023,244 {July 1996 est.})
(people_age_structure_0-14_years#austria#18% {male 720,696; female 685,179})
(people_age_structure_15-64_years#austria#67% {male 2,726,122; female 2,659,162})
(people_age_structure_65_years_and_over#austria#15% {male 451,231; female 780,854} {July 1996 est.})
(people_population_growth_rate#austria#0.41% {1996 est.})
(people_birth_rate#austria#11.19 births/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_death_rate#austria#10.43 deaths/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_net_migration_rate#austria#3.34 migrant{s}/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_sex_ratio_at_birth#austria#1.05 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_under_15_years#austria#1.05 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_15-64_years#austria#1.02 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_65_years_and_over#austria#0.58 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_all_ages#austria#0.94 male{s}/female {1996 est.})
(people_infant_mortality_rate#austria#6.2 deaths/1,000 live births {1996 est.})
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_total_population#austria#76.53 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_male#austria#73.38 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_female#austria#79.84 years {1996 est.})
(people_total_fertility_rate#austria#1.49 children born/woman {1996 est.})
(people_nationality_noun#austria#Austrian{s})
(people_nationality_adjective#austria#Austrian)
(people_ethnic_divisions#austria#German 99.4%, Croatian 0.3%, Slovene 0.2%, other 0.1%)
(people_religions#austria#Roman Catholic 85%, Protestant 6%, other 9%)
(people_languages#austria#German)
(people_literacy#austria#age 15 and over can read and write {1974 est.})
(people_literacy_total_population#austria#99%)
(people_literacy_male#austria#NA%)
(people_literacy_female#austria#NA%)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_long_form#austria#Republic of Austria)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_short_form#austria#Austria)
(government_name_of_country_local_long_form#austria#Republik Oesterreich)
(government_name_of_country_local_short_form#austria#Oesterreich)
(government_data_code#austria#AU)
(government_type_of_government#austria#federal republic)
(government_capital#austria#Vienna)
(government_administrative_divisions#austria#9 states {bundeslaender, singular - bundesland}; Burgenland, Kaernten, Niederoesterreich, Oberoesterreich, Salzburg, Steiermark, Tirol, Vorarlberg, Wien)
(government_independence#austria#12 November 1918 {from Austro-Hungarian Empire})
(government_national_holiday#austria#National Day, 26 October {1955})
(government_constitution#austria#1920; revised 1929 {reinstated 1 May 1945})
(government_legal_system#austria#civil law system with Roman law origin; judicial review of legislative acts by the Constitutional Court; separate administrative and civil/penal supreme courts; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction)
(government_suffrage#austria#18 years of age; universal; compulsory for presidential elections)
(government_executive_branch_chief_of_state#austria#President Thomas KLESTIL {since 8 July 1992} was elected for a six-year term by popular vote; election last held 24 May 1992 {next to be held 1998}; results of second ballot - Thomas KLESTIL 57%, Rudolf STREICHER 43%)
(government_executive_branch_head_of_government#austria#Chancellor Franz VRANITZKY {since 16 June 1986} was chosen by the president from the majority party in the National Council; Vice Chancellor Wolfgang SCHUESSEL {since 22 April 1995} was chosen by the president on the advice of the chancellor)
(government_executive_branch_cabinet#austria#Council of Ministers was chosen by the president on the advice of the chancellor)
(government_legislative_branch#austria#bicameral Federal Assembly {Bundesversammlung})
(government_federal_council_{bundesrat}#austria#consists of 63 members representing each of the provinces on the basis of population, but with each province having at least three representatives)
(government_national_council_{nationalrat}#austria#elections last held 17 December 1995 {next to be held Fall 1999}; results - SPOE 38.3%, OEVP 28.3%, FPOE 22.1%, Greens 4.6%, LF 5.3%, other 1.4%; seats - {183 total} SPOE 71, OEVP 53, FPOE 40, Greens 9, LF 10)
(government_judicial_branch#austria#Supreme Judicial Court {Oberster Gerichtshof} for civil and criminal cases; Administrative Court {Verwaltungsgerichtshof} for bureaucratic cases; Constitutional Court {Verfassungsgerichtshof} for constitutional cases)
(government_political_parties_and_leaders#austria#Social Democratic Party of Austria {SPOE}, Franz VRANITZKY, chairman; Austrian People's Party {OEVP}, Wolfgang SCHUESSEL, chairman; Freedom Movement {F, formerly the Freedom Party of Austria or FPOE}, Joerg HAIDER, chairman; Communist Party {KPOE}, Walter SILBERMAYER, chairman; The Greens, Madeleine PETROVIC; Liberal Forum {LF}, Heide SCHMIDT)
(government_other_political_or_pressure_groups#austria#Federal Chamber of Commerce and Industry; Austrian Trade Union Federation {primarily Socialist}; three composite leagues of the Austrian People's Party {OEVP} representing business, labor, and farmers; OEVP-oriented League of Austrian Industrialists; Roman Catholic Church, including its chief lay organization, Catholic Action)
(government_international_organization_participation#austria#AfDB, AG {observer}, AsDB, Australia Group, BIS, CCC, CE, CEI, CERN, EBRD, ECE, EIB, ESA, EU, FAO, G- 9, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, MINURSO, MTCR, NACC, NAM {guest}, NEA, NSG, OAS {observer}, OECD, OSCE, PCA, PFP, UN, UNAMIR, UNCTAD, UNDOF, UNESCO, UNFICYP, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIKOM, UNMIH, UNMOT, UNOMIG, UNTSO, UPU, WCL, WEU {observer}, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO, ZC)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_chief_of_mission#austria#Ambassador Helmut TUERK)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_chancery#austria#3524 International Court NW, Washington, DC 20008-3035)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_telephone#austria#[1] {202} 895-6700)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_fax#austria#[1] {202} 895-6750)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_consulate{s}_general#austria#Chicago, Los Angeles, and New York)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_chief_of_mission#austria#Ambassador Swanee G. HUNT)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_chancery#austria#Boltzmanngasse 16, A-1091, Vienna)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_mailing_address#austria#use embassy street address)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_telephone#austria#[43] {1} 313-39)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_fax#austria#[43] {1} 310-0682)
(government_flag#austria#three equal horizontal bands of red {top}, white, and red)
(economy_economic_overview#austria#Austria has a well-developed market economy with a sizable - but falling - proportion of nationalized industry, an extensive social system, and a high standard of living. Austria's economy is closely integrated with Germany and other EU members - Austria joined the EU on 1 January 1995. Since the early 1980s, the Austrian economy has experienced stable growth. Following a mild recession in 1993, Austria's economy - driven by strong exports, investment, and private consumption - expanded 2.7% in 1994 and about 2.4% in 1995. The slowdown in 1995 was largely due to an appreciation of the Austrian schilling and its negative effect on exports and tourism. EU membership has had a positive impact on foreign investment and has helped to lower inflation. Despite Austria's generally favorable economic prospects, the government faces a number of economic challenges, especially budget consolidation. Smaller than expected revenues and rising welfare payments caused the budget deficit to climb to 7.1% of GDP in 1995. Austria also faces a growing unemployment problem. Although low by European standards, Austria's unemployment rate has risen gradually during the 1990s as companies restructured to meet competition from the EU single market and Eastern Europe.)
(economy_gdp#austria#purchasing power parity - $152 billion {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_real_growth_rate#austria#2.4% {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_per_capita#austria#$19,000 {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_agriculture#austria#2%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_industry#austria#34%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_services#austria#64% {1994})
(economy_inflation_rate_{consumer_prices}#austria#2.3% {1995 est.})
(economy_labor_force#austria#3.47 million {1989})
(economy_labor_force_by_occupation#austria#services 56.4%, industry and crafts 35.4%, agriculture and forestry 8.1%)
(economy_labor_force_note#austria#an estimated 200,000 Austrians are employed in other European countries; foreign laborers in Austria number 177,840, about 5% of labor force {1988})
(economy_unemployment_rate#austria#4.6% {1995 est.})
(economy_budget_revenues#austria#$65 billion)
(economy_budget_expenditures#austria#$75.8 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA {1995 est.})
(economy_industries#austria#food, iron and steel, machines, textiles, chemicals, electrical, paper and pulp, tourism, mining, motor vehicles)
(economy_industrial_production_growth_rate#austria#7.7% {first half 1995})
(economy_electricity_capacity#austria#17,230,000 kW)
(economy_electricity_production#austria#50.2 billion kWh)
(economy_electricity_consumption_per_capita#austria#5,824 kWh {1993})
(economy_agriculture#austria#grains, fruit, potatoes, sugar beets; cattle, pigs, poultry; sawn wood)
(economy_illicit_drugs#austria#transshipment point for Southwest Asian heroin transiting the Balkan route and Eastern Europe)
(economy_exports#austria#$45.2 billion {1994})
(economy_exports_commodities#austria#machinery and equipment, iron and steel, lumber, textiles, paper products, chemicals)
(economy_exports_partners#austria#EU 64.8% {Germany 38.1%, Italy 8.1%}, Eastern Europe 11.8%, Japan 1.6%, US 3.5% {1994})
(economy_imports#austria#$55.3 billion {1994})
(economy_imports_commodities#austria#petroleum, foodstuffs, machinery and equipment, vehicles, chemicals, textiles and clothing, pharmaceuticals)
(economy_imports_partners#austria#EU 68.4% {Germany 40%, Italy 8.8%}, Eastern Europe 6.55%, Japan 4.3%, US 4.4% {1994})
(economy_external_debt#austria#$28.7 billion {1995 est.})
(economy_economic_aid_donor#austria#ODA, $544 million {1993})
(economy_currency#austria#1 Austrian schilling {S} = 100 groschen)
(economy_exchange_rates#austria#Austrian schillings {S} per US$1 - 10.314 {January 1996}, 10.081 {1995}, 11.422 {1994}, 11.632 {1993}, 10.989 {1992}, 11.676 {1991})
(economy_fiscal_year#austria#calendar year)
(transportation_railways_total#austria#5,624 km)
(transportation_railways_standard_gauge#austria#5,269 km 1.435-m gauge {3,263 km electrified})
(transportation_railways_narrow_gauge#austria#355 km 1.000-m and 0.760-m gauge {86 km electrified} {1995})
(transportation_highways_total#austria#108,000 km)
(transportation_highways_paved#austria#22,000 km {including 1,800 km of expressways})
(transportation_highways_unpaved#austria#86,000 km {1992 est.})
(transportation_waterways#austria#446 km)
(transportation_pipelines#austria#crude oil 554 km; petroleum products 171 km; natural gas 2,611 km)
(transportation_ports#austria#Linz, Vienna)
(transportation_merchant_marine_total#austria#29 ships {1,000 GRT or over} totaling 88,617 GRT/122,475 DWT)
(transportation_merchant_marine_ships_by_type#austria#bulk 1, cargo 23, combination bulk 2, container 1, refrigerated cargo 2 {1995 est.})
(transportation_airports_total#austria#55)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_over_3,047_m#austria#1)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_2,438_to_3,047_m#austria#5)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_1,524_to_2,437_m#austria#1)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_914_to_1,523_m#austria#3)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_under_914_m#austria#41)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_914_to_1,523_m#austria#4 {1995 est.})
(transportation_heliports#austria#1 {1995 est.})
(communications_telephones#austria#3.47 million {1986 est.})
(communications_telephone_system_domestic#austria#highly developed and efficient)
(communications_telephone_system_international#austria#satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat {1 Atlantic Ocean and 1 Indian Ocean} and 2 Eutelsat)
(communications_radio_broadcast_stations#austria#AM 6, FM 21 {repeaters 545}, shortwave 0)
(communications_radios#austria#NA)
(communications_television_broadcast_stations#austria#47 {repeaters 870})
(communications_televisions#austria#2,418,584 {1984 est.})
(defense_branches#austria#Army {includes Flying Division})
(defense_manpower_availability_males_age_15-49#austria#2,084,827)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_fit_for_military_service#austria#1,741,068)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_reach_military_age_{19}_annually#austria#45,628 {1996 est.})
(defense_defense_expenditures#austria#exchange rate conversion - $2.1 billion, 1.0% of GDP {1995})
(header_note#azerbaijan#Azerbaijan continues to be plagued by an unresolved eight-year-old conflict with Armenian separatists over its Nagorno-Karabakh region. The Karabakh Armenians have declared independence and seized almost 20% of the country's territory, creating almost 1 million Azeri refugees in the process. Both sides have generally observed a Russian-mediated cease-fire in place since May 1994, and support the OSCE-mediated peace process, now entering its fifth year. Nevertheless, Baku and Xankandi {Stepanakert, Nagorno-Karabakh region} remain far apart on most substantive issues from the placement and composition of a peacekeeping force to the enclave's ultimate political status, and prospects for a negotiated settlement remain dim.)
(geography_location#azerbaijan#Southwestern Asia, bordering the Caspian Sea, between Iran and Russia)
(geography_geographic_coordinates#azerbaijan#40 30 N, 47 30 E)
(geography_map_references#azerbaijan#Commonwealth of Independent States)
(geography_area_total_area#azerbaijan#86,600 sq km)
(geography_area_land_area#azerbaijan#86,100 sq km)
(geography_area_comparative_area#azerbaijan#slightly larger than Maine)
(geography_area_note#azerbaijan#includes the exclave of Naxcivan Autonomous Republic and the Nagorno-Karabakh region; the region's autonomy was abolished by Azerbaijani Supreme Soviet on 26 November 1991)
(geography_land_boundaries_total#azerbaijan#2,013 km)
(geography_land_boundaries_border_countries#azerbaijan#Armenia {with Azerbaijan-proper} 566 km, Armenia {with Azerbaijan-Naxcivan exclave} 221 km, Georgia 322 km, Iran {with Azerbaijan-proper} 432 km, Iran {with Azerbaijan-Naxcivan exclave} 179 km, Russia 284 km, Turkey 9 km)
(geography_coastline#azerbaijan#0 km {landlocked})
(geography_coastline_note#azerbaijan#Azerbaijan borders the Caspian Sea {800 km, est.})
(geography_maritime_claims#azerbaijan#none {landlocked})
(geography_international_disputes#azerbaijan#violent and longstanding dispute with ethnic Armenians of Nagorno-Karabakh over its status; Caspian Sea boundaries are not yet determined)
(geography_climate#azerbaijan#dry, semiarid steppe)
(geography_terrain#azerbaijan#large, flat Kur-Araz Lowland {much of it below sea level} with Great Caucasus Mountains to the north, Qarabag {Karabakh} Upland in west; Baku lies on Abseron {Apsheron} Peninsula that juts into Caspian Sea)
(geography_terrain_lowest_point#azerbaijan#Caspian Sea -28 m)
(geography_terrain_highest_point#azerbaijan#Bazarduzu Dagi 4,485 m)
(geography_natural_resources#azerbaijan#petroleum, natural gas, iron ore, nonferrous metals, alumina)
(geography_land_use_arable_land#azerbaijan#18%)
(geography_land_use_permanent_crops#azerbaijan#4%)
(geography_land_use_meadows_and_pastures#azerbaijan#25%)
(geography_land_use_forest_and_woodland#azerbaijan#0%)
(geography_land_use_other#azerbaijan#53%)
(geography_irrigated_land#azerbaijan#14,010 sq km {1990})
(geography_environment_current_issues#azerbaijan#local scientists consider the Abseron {Apsheron} Peninsula {including Baku and Sumqayit} and the Caspian Sea to be the ecologically most devastated area in the world because of severe air, water, and soil pollution; soil pollution results from the use of DDT as a pesticide and also from toxic defoliants used in the production of cotton)
(geography_environment_natural_hazards#azerbaijan#droughts; some lowland areas threatened by rising levels of the Caspian Sea)
(geography_environment_international_agreements#azerbaijan#party to - Climate Change; signed, but not ratified - Biodiversity)
(geography_geographic_note#azerbaijan#landlocked)
(people_population#azerbaijan#7,676,953 {July 1996 est.})
(people_age_structure_0-14_years#azerbaijan#32% {male 1,270,812; female 1,215,781})
(people_age_structure_15-64_years#azerbaijan#61% {male 2,293,688; female 2,423,222})
(people_age_structure_65_years_and_over#azerbaijan#7% {male 179,048; female 294,402} {July 1996 est.})
(people_population_growth_rate#azerbaijan#0.78% {1996 est.})
(people_birth_rate#azerbaijan#22.28 births/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_death_rate#azerbaijan#8.69 deaths/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_net_migration_rate#azerbaijan#-5.8 migrant{s}/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_sex_ratio_at_birth#azerbaijan#1.05 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_under_15_years#azerbaijan#1.04 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_15-64_years#azerbaijan#0.95 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_65_years_and_over#azerbaijan#0.61 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_all_ages#azerbaijan#0.95 male{s}/female {1996 est.})
(people_infant_mortality_rate#azerbaijan#74.5 deaths/1,000 live births {1996 est.})
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_total_population#azerbaijan#64.84 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_male#azerbaijan#60.13 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_female#azerbaijan#69.78 years {1996 est.})
(people_total_fertility_rate#azerbaijan#2.64 children born/woman {1996 est.})
(people_nationality_noun#azerbaijan#Azerbaijani{s})
(people_nationality_adjective#azerbaijan#Azerbaijani)
(people_ethnic_divisions#azerbaijan#Azeri 90%, Dagestani Peoples 3.2%, Russian 2.5%, Armenian 2.3%, other 2% {1995 est.})
(people_ethnic_divisions_note#azerbaijan#almost all Armenians live in the separatist Nagorno-Karabakh region)
(people_religions#azerbaijan#Muslim 93.4%, Russian Orthodox 2.5%, Armenian Orthodox 2.3%, other 1.8% {1995 est.})
(people_religions_note#azerbaijan#religious affiliation is still nominal in Azerbaijan; actual practicing adherents are much lower)
(people_languages#azerbaijan#Azeri 89%, Russian 3%, Armenian 2%, other 6% {1995 est.})
(people_literacy#azerbaijan#age 15 and over can read and write {1989 est.})
(people_literacy_total_population#azerbaijan#97%)
(people_literacy_male#azerbaijan#99%)
(people_literacy_female#azerbaijan#96%)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_long_form#azerbaijan#Azerbaijani Republic)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_short_form#azerbaijan#Azerbaijan)
(government_name_of_country_local_long_form#azerbaijan#Azarbaycan Respublikasi)
(government_name_of_country_local_short_form#azerbaijan#none)
(government_name_of_country_former#azerbaijan#Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic)
(government_data_code#azerbaijan#AJ)
(government_type_of_government#azerbaijan#republic)
(government_capital#azerbaijan#Baku {Baki})
(government_administrative_divisions#azerbaijan#59 rayons {rayonlar; rayon - singular}, 11 cities* {saharlar; sahar - singular}, 1 autonomous republic** {muxtar respublika}; Abscron Rayonu, Agcabadi Rayonu, Agdam Rayonu, Agdas Rayonu, Agstafa Rayonu, Agsu Rayonu, AliBayramli Sahari*, Astara Rayonu, Baki Sahari*, Balakan Rayonu, Barda Rayonu, Beylaqan Rayonu, Bilasuvar Rayonu, Cabrayil Rayonu, Calilabad Rayonu, Daskasan Rayonu, Davaci Rayonu, Fuzuli Rayonu, Gadabay Rayonu, Ganca Sahari*, Goranboy Rayonu, Goycay Rayonu, Haciqabul Rayonu, Imisli Rayonu, Ismayilli Rayonu, Kalbacar Rayonu, Kurdamir Rayonu, Lacin Rayonu, Lankaran Rayonu, Lankaran Sahari*, Lerik Rayonu, Masalli Rayonu, Mingacevir Sahari*, Naftalan Sahari*, Naxcivan Muxtar Respublikasi**, Neftcala Rayonu, Oguz Rayonu, Qabala Rayonu, Qax Rayonu, Qazax Rayonu, Qobustan Rayonu, Quba Rayonu, Qubadli Rayonu, Qusar Rayonu, Saatli Rayonu, Sabirabad Rayonu, Saki Rayonu, Saki Sahari*, Salyan Rayonu, Samaxi Rayonu, Samkir Rayonu, Samux Rayonu, Siyazan Rayonu, Sumqayit Sahari*, Susa Rayonu, Susa Sahari*, Tartar Rayonu, Tovuz Rayonu, Ucar Rayonu, Xacmaz Rayonu, Xankandi Sahari*, Xanlar Rayonu, Xizi Rayonu, Xocali Rayonu, Xocavand Rayonu, Yardimb Rayonu, Yevlax Rayonu, Yevlax Sahari*, Zangilan Rayonu, Zaqatala Rayonu, Zardab Rayonu)
(government_independence#azerbaijan#30 August 1991 {from Soviet Union})
(government_national_holiday#azerbaijan#Independence Day, 28 May)
(government_constitution#azerbaijan#adopted 12 November 1995)
(government_legal_system#azerbaijan#based on civil law system)
(government_suffrage#azerbaijan#18 years of age; universal)
(government_executive_branch_chief_of_state#azerbaijan#President Heydar ALIYEV {since 18 June 1993} was elected by popular vote; election last held 3 October 1993 {next to be held 1997 or 1998}; results - Heydar ALIYEV won 97% of vote)
(government_executive_branch_head_of_government#azerbaijan#Prime Minister Fuad QULIYEV {since 9 October 1994}, First Deputy Prime Ministers Abbas ABBASOV {since NA}, Samed SADYKOV {since NA}, Vahid AKHMEDOV {since NA}, Elchin EFENDIYEV {since NA} were appointed by the president and confirmed by the Milli Mejlis)
(government_executive_branch_cabinet#azerbaijan#Council of Ministers was appointed by the president and confirmed by the Mejlis)
(government_legislative_branch#azerbaijan#unicameral)
(government_national_assembly_{milli_mejlis}#azerbaijan#elections last held 12 and 26 November 1995 {next to be held NA}; percent of vote by party NA; seats - {125 total} number of seats by party NA)
(government_judicial_branch#azerbaijan#Supreme Court)
(government_political_parties_and_leaders#azerbaijan#Azerbaijan Popular Front {APF}, Ebulfez ELCIBEY, chairman; Musavat Party, Isa GAMBAR, chairman; National Independence Party, Etibar MAMEDOV, chairman; Social Democratic Party {SDP}, Araz ALIZADE, chairman; Communist Party, Ramiz AKHMEDOV, chairman; People's Freedom Party, Yunus OGUZ, chairman; Independent Social Democratic Party, Arif YUNUSOV and Leila YUNOSOVA, cochairmen; New Azerbaijan Party, Heydar ALIYEV, chairman; Boz Gurd Party, Iskander HAMIDOV, chairman; Azerbaijan Democratic Independence Party, Qabil HUSEYNLI, chairman; Islamic Party of Azerbaijan, Ali Akram, chairman; Ana Veten Party, Fazail AGAMALIYEV; Azerbaijan Democratic Party, Sardar Jalaloglu MAMEDOV; Azerbaijan Democratic Party of Proprietors {DPOP}, Makhmud MAMEDOV; Azerbaijan Patriotic Solidarity Party, Sabir RUSTAMHANLI; Azerbaijan Republic Reform Party, Fuad ASADOV; Communist Party of Azerbaijan {unregistered}, Sayad SAYADOV; Equality of the Peoples Party, Faukhraddin AYDAYEV; Independent Azerbaijan Party, Nizami SULEYMANOV; Labor Party of Azerbaijan, Sabutai HAJIYEV; Liberal-Democratic Party of Azerbaijan, Lyudmila NIKOLAYEVNA; National Enlightenment Party, Hajy Osman EFENDIYEV; National Liberation Party, Panak SHAKHSEVEV; Peasant Party, Firuz MUSTAFAYEV; Radical Party of Azerbaijan, Malik SHARIFOV; United Azerbaijan Party, Kerrar ABILOV; Vetan Adzhagy Party, Zakir TAGIYEV)
(government_other_political_or_pressure_groups#azerbaijan#self-proclaimed Armenian Nagorno-Karabakh Republic; Talysh independence movement)
(government_international_organization_participation#azerbaijan#BSEC, CCC, CIS, EBRD, ECE, ECO, ESCAP, FAO, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, ITU, NACC, NAM {observer}, OIC, OSCE, PFP, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTrO {observer})
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_chief_of_mission#azerbaijan#Ambassador Hafiz Mir Jalal PASHAYEV)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_chancery#azerbaijan#{temporary} Suite 700, 927 15th Street NW, Washington, DC 20005)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_telephone#azerbaijan#[1] {202} 842-0001)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_fax#azerbaijan#[1] {202} 842-0004)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_chief_of_mission#azerbaijan#Ambassador Richard D. KAUZLARICH)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_embassy#azerbaijan#Azadliq Prospekti 83, Baku)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_mailing_address#azerbaijan#use embassy street address)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_telephone#azerbaijan#[9] {9412} 96-00-19, 98-03-37, 98-03-36, 93-64-80, 96-36-21)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_fax#azerbaijan#[9] {9412} 98-37-55)
(government_flag#azerbaijan#three equal horizontal bands of blue {top}, red, and green; a crescent and eight-pointed star in white are centered in red band)
(economy_economic_overview#azerbaijan#Azerbaijan is less developed industrially than either Armenia or Georgia, the other Transcaucasian states. It resembles the Central Asian states in its majority nominally Muslim population, high structural unemployment, and low standard of living. The economy's most prominent products are oil, cotton, and gas. Production from the Caspian oil and gas field has been in decline for several years, but the November 1994 ratification of the $7.5 billion oil deal with a consortium of Western companies should generate the funds needed to spur future industrial development. Azerbaijan shares all the formidable problems of the ex-Soviet republics in making the transition from a command to a market economy, but its considerable energy resources brighten its long-term prospects. Baku has only recently begun making progress on economic reform, and old economic ties and structures have yet to be replaced. Whereas the economies of most of the former Soviet republics had begun to bottom out in 1995, Azerbaijan's economy continued to plummet because of its late start on economic reform.)
(economy_gdp#azerbaijan#purchasing power parity - $11.5 billion {1995 estimate as extrapolated from World Bank estimate for 1994})
(economy_gdp_real_growth_rate#azerbaijan#-17% {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_per_capita#azerbaijan#$1,480 {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_agriculture#azerbaijan#NA%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_industry#azerbaijan#NA%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_services#azerbaijan#NA%)
(economy_inflation_rate_{consumer_prices}#azerbaijan#85% {1995 est.})
(economy_labor_force#azerbaijan#2.789 million)
(economy_labor_force_by_occupation#azerbaijan#agriculture and forestry 32%, industry and construction 26%, other 42% {1990})
(economy_unemployment_rate#azerbaijan#2.3% includes officially registered unemployed; also large numbers of unregistered unemployed and underemployed workers {December 1995})
(economy_budget_revenues#azerbaijan#$465 million)
(economy_budget_expenditures#azerbaijan#$488 million, including capital expenditures of $NA {1995 est.})
(economy_industries#azerbaijan#petroleum and natural gas, petroleum products, oilfield equipment; steel, iron ore, cement; chemicals and petrochemicals; textiles)
(economy_industrial_production_growth_rate#azerbaijan#-21% {1995 est.})
(economy_electricity_capacity#azerbaijan#4,900,000 kW)
(economy_electricity_production#azerbaijan#17 billion kWh)
(economy_electricity_consumption_per_capita#azerbaijan#2,200 kWh {1995 est.})
(economy_agriculture#azerbaijan#cotton, grain, rice, grapes, fruit, vegetables, tea, tobacco; cattle, pigs, sheep, goats)
(economy_illicit_drugs#azerbaijan#illicit cultivator of cannabis and opium poppy, mostly for CIS consumption; limited government eradication program; transshipment point for illicit drugs to Western Europe)
(economy_exports#azerbaijan#$549.9 million {f.o.b., 1995})
(economy_exports_commodities#azerbaijan#oil and gas, chemicals, oilfield equipment, textiles, cotton)
(economy_exports_partners#azerbaijan#mostly CIS and European countries)
(economy_imports#azerbaijan#$681.5 million {c.i.f., 1995})
(economy_imports_commodities#azerbaijan#machinery and parts, consumer durables, foodstuffs, textiles)
(economy_imports_partners#azerbaijan#European countries)
(economy_external_debt#azerbaijan#$100 million {of which $75 million to Russia})
(economy_economic_aid_recipient#azerbaijan#ODA, $14 million {1993})
(economy_economic_aid_note#azerbaijan#commitments, 1992-95, $1,000 million {$185 million in disbursements}; wheat from Turkey)
(economy_currency#azerbaijan#1 manat = 100 gopik)
(economy_exchange_rates#azerbaijan#manats per US$1 - 4,375 {April 1996}, 4,500 {April 1995}, 4,168 {end of December 1994})
(economy_fiscal_year#azerbaijan#calendar year)
(transportation_railways_total#azerbaijan#2,125 km in common carrier service; does not include industrial lines)
(transportation_railways_broad_gauge#azerbaijan#2,125 km 1.520-m gauge {1,278 km electrified} {1993})
(transportation_highways_total#azerbaijan#36,700 km)
(transportation_highways_paved#azerbaijan#31,800 km {includes graveled})
(transportation_highways_unpaved#azerbaijan#4,900 km {1990 est.})
(transportation_pipelines#azerbaijan#crude oil 1,130 km; petroleum products 630 km; natural gas 1,240 km)
(transportation_ports#azerbaijan#Baku {Baki})
(transportation_airports_total#azerbaijan#69)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_over_3,047_m#azerbaijan#2)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_2,438_to_3,047_m#azerbaijan#6)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_1,524_to_2,437_m#azerbaijan#17)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_914_to_1,523_m#azerbaijan#3)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_under_914_m#azerbaijan#1)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_914_to_1,523_m#azerbaijan#7)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_under_914_m#azerbaijan#33 {1994 est.})
(communications_telephones#azerbaijan#710,000 {1991 est.})
(communications_telephone_system#azerbaijan#202,000 persons waiting for telephone installations {January 1991 est.})
(communications_telephone_system_domestic#azerbaijan#telephone service is of poor quality and inadequate; a joint venture to establish a cellular telephone system in the Baku area was supposed to become operational in 1994)
(communications_telephone_system_international#azerbaijan#cable and microwave radio relay connections to former Soviet republics; connection through Moscow international gateway switch to other countries; satellite earth stations - 1 Intelsat and 1 Intersputnik {Intelsat provides service to Turkey and through Turkey to 200 more countries; Intersputnik provides direct service to New York})
(communications_radio_broadcast_stations#azerbaijan#AM NA, FM NA, shortwave NA {1 state-owned radio broadcast station})
(communications_radios#azerbaijan#NA)
(communications_television_broadcast_stations#azerbaijan#2)
(communications_television_broadcast_stations_note#azerbaijan#domestic and Russian TV programs are received locally and Turkish and Iranian TV is received from an Intelsat satellite through a receive-only earth station)
(communications_televisions#azerbaijan#NA)
(defense_branches#azerbaijan#Army, Navy, Air Force, Maritime Border Guard)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_age_15-49#azerbaijan#1,952,390)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_fit_for_military_service#azerbaijan#1,574,813)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_reach_military_age_{18}_annually#azerbaijan#68,006 {1996 est.})
(defense_defense_expenditures#azerbaijan#33.5 billion manats, NA% of GDP {1994}; note - conversion of defense expenditures into US dollars using the current exchange rate could produce misleading results)
(geography_location#the_bahamas#Caribbean, chain of islands in the North Atlantic Ocean, southeast of Florida)
(geography_geographic_coordinates#the_bahamas#24 15 N, 76 00 W)
(geography_map_references#the_bahamas#Central America and the Caribbean)
(geography_area_total_area#the_bahamas#13,940 sq km)
(geography_area_land_area#the_bahamas#10,070 sq km)
(geography_area_comparative_area#the_bahamas#slightly larger than Connecticut)
(geography_land_boundaries#the_bahamas#0 km)
(geography_coastline#the_bahamas#3,542 km)
(geography_maritime_claims_continental_shelf#the_bahamas#200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation)
(geography_maritime_claims_exclusive_fishing_zone#the_bahamas#200 nm)
(geography_maritime_claims_territorial_sea#the_bahamas#3 nm)
(geography_international_disputes#the_bahamas#none)
(geography_climate#the_bahamas#tropical marine; moderated by warm waters of Gulf Stream)
(geography_terrain#the_bahamas#long, flat coral formations with some low rounded hills)
(geography_terrain_lowest_point#the_bahamas#Atlantic Ocean 0 m)
(geography_terrain_highest_point#the_bahamas#Mount Alvernia 63 m)
(geography_natural_resources#the_bahamas#salt, aragonite, timber)
(geography_land_use_arable_land#the_bahamas#1%)
(geography_land_use_permanent_crops#the_bahamas#0%)
(geography_land_use_meadows_and_pastures#the_bahamas#0%)
(geography_land_use_forest_and_woodland#the_bahamas#32%)
(geography_land_use_other#the_bahamas#67%)
(geography_irrigated_land#the_bahamas#NA sq km)
(geography_environment_current_issues#the_bahamas#coral reef decay)
(geography_environment_natural_hazards#the_bahamas#hurricanes and other tropical storms that cause extensive flood and wind damage)
(geography_environment_international_agreements#the_bahamas#party to - Biodiversity, Climate Change, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Whaling)
(geography_geographic_note#the_bahamas#strategic location adjacent to US and Cuba; extensive island chain)
(people_population#the_bahamas#259,367 {July 1996 est.})
(people_age_structure_0-14_years#the_bahamas#28% {male 36,331; female 35,771})
(people_age_structure_15-64_years#the_bahamas#67% {male 84,107; female 89,193})
(people_age_structure_65_years_and_over#the_bahamas#5% {male 5,449; female 8,516} {July 1996 est.})
(people_population_growth_rate#the_bahamas#1.05% {1996 est.})
(people_birth_rate#the_bahamas#18.73 births/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_death_rate#the_bahamas#5.74 deaths/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_net_migration_rate#the_bahamas#-2.54 migrant{s}/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_sex_ratio_at_birth#the_bahamas#1.02 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_under_15_years#the_bahamas#1.02 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_15-64_years#the_bahamas#0.94 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_65_years_and_over#the_bahamas#0.64 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_all_ages#the_bahamas#0.94 male{s}/female {1996 est.})
(people_infant_mortality_rate#the_bahamas#23.3 deaths/1,000 live births {1996 est.})
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_total_population#the_bahamas#72.53 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_male#the_bahamas#67.98 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_female#the_bahamas#77.16 years {1996 est.})
(people_total_fertility_rate#the_bahamas#1.97 children born/woman {1996 est.})
(people_nationality_noun#the_bahamas#Bahamian{s})
(people_nationality_adjective#the_bahamas#Bahamian)
(people_ethnic_divisions#the_bahamas#black 85%, white 15%)
(people_religions#the_bahamas#Baptist 32%, Anglican 20%, Roman Catholic 19%, Methodist 6%, Church of God 6%, other Protestant 12%, none or unknown 3%, other 2%)
(people_languages#the_bahamas#English, Creole {among Haitian immigrants})
(people_literacy#the_bahamas#age 15 and over can read and write but definition of literacy not available {1995 est.})
(people_literacy_total_population#the_bahamas#98.2%)
(people_literacy_male#the_bahamas#98.5%)
(people_literacy_female#the_bahamas#98%)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_long_form#the_bahamas#Commonwealth of The Bahamas)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_short_form#the_bahamas#The Bahamas)
(government_data_code#the_bahamas#BF)
(government_type_of_government#the_bahamas#commonwealth)
(government_capital#the_bahamas#Nassau)
(government_administrative_divisions#the_bahamas#21 districts; Acklins and Crooked Islands, Bimini, Cat Island, Exuma, Freeport, Fresh Creek, Governor's Harbour, Green Turtle Cay, Harbour Island, High Rock, Inagua, Kemps Bay, Long Island, Marsh Harbour, Mayaguana, New Providence, Nicholls Town and Berry Islands, Ragged Island, Rock Sound, Sandy Point, San Salvador and Rum Cay)
(government_independence#the_bahamas#10 July 1973 {from UK})
(government_national_holiday#the_bahamas#National Day, 10 July {1973})
(government_constitution#the_bahamas#10 July 1973)
(government_legal_system#the_bahamas#based on English common law)
(government_suffrage#the_bahamas#18 years of age; universal)
(government_executive_branch_chief_of_state#the_bahamas#Queen ELIZABETH II {since 6 February 1952} is a hereditary monarch, represented by Governor General Sir Orville TURNQUEST {since 2 January 1995} who was appointed by the queen)
(government_executive_branch_head_of_government#the_bahamas#Prime Minister Hubert Alexander INGRAHAM {since 19 August 1992} and Deputy Prime Minister Frank WATSON {since NA} were appointed by the governor general)
(government_executive_branch_cabinet#the_bahamas#Cabinet was appointed by the governor general on the prime minister's recommendation)
(government_legislative_branch#the_bahamas#bicameral Parliament)
(government_senate#the_bahamas#a 16-member body appointed by the governor general)
(government_house_of_assembly#the_bahamas#elections last held 19 August 1992 {next to be held by August 1997}; results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - {49 total} FNM 32, PLP 17)
(government_judicial_branch#the_bahamas#Supreme Court)
(government_political_parties_and_leaders#the_bahamas#Progressive Liberal Party {PLP}, Sir Lynden O. PINDLING; Free National Movement {FNM}, Hubert Alexander INGRAHAM)
(government_international_organization_participation#the_bahamas#ACP, C, Caricom, CCC, CDB, ECLAC, FAO, G-77, IADB, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Inmarsat, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, ITU, NAM, OAS, OPANAL, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNMIH, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_chief_of_mission#the_bahamas#Ambassador Timothy Baswell DONALDSON)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_chancery#the_bahamas#2220 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_telephone#the_bahamas#[1] {202} 319-2660)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_fax#the_bahamas#[1] {202} 319-2668)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_consulate{s}_general#the_bahamas#Miami and New York)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_chief_of_mission#the_bahamas#Ambassador Sidney WILLIAMS)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_embassy#the_bahamas#Mosmar Building, Queen Street, Nassau)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_mailing_address#the_bahamas#P. O. Box N-8197, Nassau; P.O. Box 9009, Miami, FL 33159; Nassau, Department of State, Washington, DC 20521-3370 {pouch})
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_telephone#the_bahamas#[1] {809} 322-1181, 328-2206)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_fax#the_bahamas#[1] {809} 328-7838)
(government_flag#the_bahamas#three equal horizontal bands of aquamarine {top}, gold, and aquamarine with a black equilateral triangle based on the hoist side)
(economy_economic_overview#the_bahamas#The Bahamas is a stable, developing nation with an economy heavily dependent on tourism and offshore banking. Tourism alone accounts for more than 50% of GDP and directly or indirectly employs 40% of the archipelago's labor force. A slowdown in the expansion of the tourism sector - especially stopover travel from Europe - led to a reduction in the country's GDP growth rate in 1995, down to an estimated 2% from 3.5% in 1994. The construction sector benefited from hotel rehabilitation and the government's ongoing housing development program. Earnings from exports of vegetable and citrus production have been decreasing since 1993 but are expected to increase in 1996 due to storm damage to crops in Florida. The overall growth prospects through 1996 will depend heavily on the fortunes of the tourism sector and continued income growth in the US, which accounts for the majority of tourist visits.)
(economy_gdp#the_bahamas#purchasing power parity - $4.8 billion {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_real_growth_rate#the_bahamas#2% {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_per_capita#the_bahamas#$18,700 {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_agriculture#the_bahamas#3%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_industry#the_bahamas#35%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_services#the_bahamas#62% {1994})
(economy_inflation_rate_{consumer_prices}#the_bahamas#1.5% {1994})
(economy_labor_force#the_bahamas#136,900 {1993})
(economy_labor_force_by_occupation#the_bahamas#government 30%, tourism 40%, business services 10%, agriculture 5% {1995 est.})
(economy_unemployment_rate#the_bahamas#15% {1995 est.})
(economy_budget_revenues#the_bahamas#$665 million)
(economy_budget_expenditures#the_bahamas#$725 million, including capital expenditures of $94 million {FY95/96 est.})
(economy_industries#the_bahamas#tourism, banking, cement, oil refining and transshipment, salt production, rum, aragonite, pharmaceuticals, spiral-welded steel pipe)
(economy_industrial_production_growth_rate#the_bahamas#NA%)
(economy_electricity_capacity#the_bahamas#424,000 kW)
(economy_electricity_production#the_bahamas#929 million kWh)
(economy_electricity_consumption_per_capita#the_bahamas#3,200 kWh {1993})
(economy_agriculture#the_bahamas#citrus, vegetables; poultry)
(economy_illicit_drugs#the_bahamas#transshipment point for cocaine and marijuana bound for US and Europe; also a money-laundering center)
(economy_exports#the_bahamas#$224.257 million {f.o.b., 1994})
(economy_exports_commodities#the_bahamas#pharmaceuticals, cement, rum, crawfish, refined petroleum products)
(economy_exports_partners#the_bahamas#US 51%, UK 7%, Norway 7%, France 6%, Italy 5%)
(economy_imports#the_bahamas#$1.08 billion {c.i.f., 1994})
(economy_imports_commodities#the_bahamas#foodstuffs, manufactured goods, crude oil, vehicles, electronics)
(economy_imports_partners#the_bahamas#US 55%, Japan 17%, Nigeria 12%, Denmark 7%, Norway 6%)
(economy_external_debt#the_bahamas#$407.8 million {December 1994})
(economy_economic_aid#the_bahamas#$NA)
(economy_currency#the_bahamas#1 Bahamian dollar {B$} = 100 cents)
(economy_exchange_rates#the_bahamas#Bahamian dollar {B$} per US$1 - 1.00 {fixed rate})
(economy_fiscal_year#the_bahamas#1 July - 30 June)
(transportation_railways#the_bahamas#0 km)
(transportation_highways_total#the_bahamas#2,386 km)
(transportation_highways_paved#the_bahamas#1,342 km)
(transportation_highways_unpaved#the_bahamas#1,044 km {1986 est.})
(transportation_ports#the_bahamas#Freeport, Matthew Town, Nassau)
(transportation_merchant_marine_total#the_bahamas#956 ships {1,000 GRT or over} totaling 22,592,285 GRT/35,765,965 DWT)
(transportation_merchant_marine_ships_by_type#the_bahamas#bulk 176, cargo 182, chemical tanker 43, combination bulk 9, combination ore/oil 19, container 53, liquefied gas tanker 20, oil tanker 180, passenger 53, refrigerated cargo 147, roll-on/roll-off cargo 47, short-sea passenger 13, vehicle carrier 14)
(transportation_merchant_marine_note#the_bahamas#a flag of convenience registry; includes ships from 48 countries among which are Norway 155, Greece 124, US 84, Denmark 63, Netherlands 44, Sweden 36, Finland 34, France 29, Japan 29, and Belgium 24 {1995 est.})
(transportation_airports_total#the_bahamas#55)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_over_3,047_m#the_bahamas#2)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_2,438_to_3,047_m#the_bahamas#1)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_1,524_to_2,437_m#the_bahamas#16)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_914_to_1,523_m#the_bahamas#11)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_under_914_m#the_bahamas#17)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_914_to_1,523_m#the_bahamas#8 {1995 est.})
(communications_telephones#the_bahamas#119,000 {1987 est.})
(communications_telephone_system_domestic#the_bahamas#totally automatic system; highly developed)
(communications_telephone_system_international#the_bahamas#tropospheric scatter and submarine cable to Florida; 3 coaxial submarine cables; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat {Atlantic Ocean})
(communications_radio_broadcast_stations#the_bahamas#AM 3, FM 2, shortwave 0)
(communications_radios#the_bahamas#200,000 {1993 est.})
(communications_television_broadcast_stations#the_bahamas#1 {1986 est.})
(communications_televisions#the_bahamas#60,000 {1993 est.})
(defense_branches#the_bahamas#Royal Bahamas Defense Force {Coast Guard only}, Royal Bahamas Police Force)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_age_15-49#the_bahamas#NA)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_fit_for_military_service#the_bahamas#NA)
(defense_defense_expenditures#the_bahamas#exchange rate conversion - $20 million, 3.8% of GDP {FY95/96})
(geography_location#bahrain#Middle East, archipelago in the Persian Gulf, east of Saudi Arabia)
(geography_geographic_coordinates#bahrain#26 00 N, 50 33 E)
(geography_map_references#bahrain#Middle East)
(geography_area_total_area#bahrain#620 sq km)
(geography_area_land_area#bahrain#620 sq km)
(geography_area_comparative_area#bahrain#3.5 times the size of Washington, DC)
(geography_land_boundaries#bahrain#0 km)
(geography_coastline#bahrain#161 km)
(geography_maritime_claims_contiguous_zone#bahrain#24 nm)
(geography_maritime_claims_continental_shelf#bahrain#extending to boundaries to be determined)
(geography_maritime_claims_territorial_sea#bahrain#12 nm)
(geography_international_disputes#bahrain#territorial dispute with Qatar over the Hawar Islands; maritime boundary with Qatar)
(geography_climate#bahrain#arid; mild, pleasant winters; very hot, humid summers)
(geography_terrain#bahrain#mostly low desert plain rising gently to low central escarpment)
(geography_terrain_lowest_point#bahrain#Persian Gulf 0 m)
(geography_terrain_highest_point#bahrain#Jabal ad Dukhan 122 m)
(geography_natural_resources#bahrain#oil, associated and nonassociated natural gas, fish)
(geography_land_use_arable_land#bahrain#2%)
(geography_land_use_permanent_crops#bahrain#2%)
(geography_land_use_meadows_and_pastures#bahrain#6%)
(geography_land_use_forest_and_woodland#bahrain#0%)
(geography_land_use_other#bahrain#90%)
(geography_irrigated_land#bahrain#10 sq km {1989 est.})
(geography_environment_current_issues#bahrain#desertification resulting from the degradation of limited arable land, periods of drought, and dust storms; coastal degradation {damage to coastlines, coral reefs, and sea vegetation} resulting from oil spills and other discharges from large tankers, oil refineries, and distribution stations; no natural fresh water resources so that groundwater and sea water are the only sources for all water needs)
(geography_environment_natural_hazards#bahrain#periodic droughts; dust storms)
(geography_environment_international_agreements#bahrain#party to - Climate Change, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection; signed, but not ratified - Biodiversity)
(geography_geographic_note#bahrain#close to primary Middle Eastern petroleum sources; strategic location in Persian Gulf which much of Western world's petroleum must transit to reach open ocean)
(people_population#bahrain#590,042 {July 1996 est.})
(people_age_structure_0-14_years#bahrain#31% {male 92,455; female 89,554})
(people_age_structure_15-64_years#bahrain#67% {male 236,048; female 156,556})
(people_age_structure_65_years_and_over#bahrain#2% {male 7,956; female 7,473} {July 1996 est.})
(people_population_growth_rate#bahrain#2.27% {1996 est.})
(people_birth_rate#bahrain#23.58 births/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_death_rate#bahrain#3.29 deaths/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_net_migration_rate#bahrain#2.42 migrant{s}/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_sex_ratio_at_birth#bahrain#1.03 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_under_15_years#bahrain#1.03 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_15-64_years#bahrain#1.51 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_65_years_and_over#bahrain#1.06 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_all_ages#bahrain#1.33 male{s}/female {1996 est.})
(people_infant_mortality_rate#bahrain#17.1 deaths/1,000 live births {1996 est.})
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_total_population#bahrain#74.27 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_male#bahrain#71.78 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_female#bahrain#76.83 years {1996 est.})
(people_total_fertility_rate#bahrain#3.08 children born/woman {1996 est.})
(people_nationality_noun#bahrain#Bahraini{s})
(people_nationality_adjective#bahrain#Bahraini)
(people_ethnic_divisions#bahrain#Bahraini 63%, Asian 13%, other Arab 10%, Iranian 8%, other 6%)
(people_religions#bahrain#Shi'a Muslim 75%, Sunni Muslim 25%)
(people_languages#bahrain#Arabic, English, Farsi, Urdu)
(people_literacy#bahrain#age 15 and over can read and write {1995 est.})
(people_literacy_total_population#bahrain#85.2%)
(people_literacy_male#bahrain#89.1%)
(people_literacy_female#bahrain#79.4%)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_long_form#bahrain#State of Bahrain)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_short_form#bahrain#Bahrain)
(government_name_of_country_local_long_form#bahrain#Dawlat al Bahrayn)
(government_name_of_country_local_short_form#bahrain#Al Bahrayn)
(government_data_code#bahrain#BA)
(government_type_of_government#bahrain#traditional monarchy)
(government_capital#bahrain#Manama)
(government_administrative_divisions#bahrain#12 municipalites {manatiq, singular - mintaqah}; Al Hadd, Al Manamah, Al Mintaqah al Gharbiyah, Al Mintaqah al Wusta, Al Mintaqah ash Shamaliyah, Al Muharraq, Ar Rifa'wa al Mintaqah al Janubiyah, Jidd Hafs, Madinat Hamad, Madinat 'Isa, Juzur Hawar, Sitrah; note - all municipalities administered from Manama)
(government_independence#bahrain#15 August 1971 {from UK})
(government_national_holiday#bahrain#Independence Day, 16 December {1971})
(government_constitution#bahrain#26 May 1973, effective 6 December 1973)
(government_legal_system#bahrain#based on Islamic law and English common law)
(government_suffrage#bahrain#none)
(government_executive_branch_chief_of_state#bahrain#Amir ISA bin Salman Al Khalifa {since 2 November 1961} is a traditional Arab monarch; Heir Apparent HAMAD bin Isa bin Salman Al Khalifa {son of the Amir, born 28 January 1949})
(government_executive_branch_head_of_government#bahrain#Prime Minister KHALIFA bin Salman Al Khalifa {since 19 January 1970} was appointed by the amir)
(government_executive_branch_cabinet#bahrain#Cabinet was appointed by the amir)
(government_legislative_branch#bahrain#unicameral National Assembly was dissolved 26 August 1975 and legislative powers were assumed by the Cabinet; appointed Advisory Council established 16 December 1992)
(government_judicial_branch#bahrain#High Civil Appeals Court)
(government_political_parties_and_leaders#bahrain#political parties prohibited)
(government_other_political_or_pressure_groups#bahrain#several small, clandestine leftist and Islamic fundamentalist groups are active; following the arrest of a popular Shi'a cleric, Shi'a activists fomented unrest sporadically from late 1994 to September 1995, demanding the return of an elected National Assembly and an end to unemployment)
(government_international_organization_participation#bahrain#ABEDA, AFESD, AL, AMF, ESCWA, FAO, G-77, GCC, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDB, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Inmarsat, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, ISO {correspondent}, ITU, NAM, OAPEC, OIC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTrO)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_chief_of_mission#bahrain#Ambassador Muhammad ABD AL-GHAFFAR al-Abdallah)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_chancery#bahrain#3502 International Drive NW, Washington, DC 20008)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_telephone#bahrain#[1] {202} 342-0741, 342-0742)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_fax#bahrain#[1] {202} 362-2192)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_consulate{s}_general#bahrain#New York)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_chief_of_mission#bahrain#Ambassador David M. RANSOM)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_embassy#bahrain#Building No. 979, Road 3119 {next to Al-Ahli Sports Club}, Zinj District, Manama)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_mailing_address#bahrain#FPO AE 09834-5100; P.O. Box 26431, Manama {International Mail})
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_telephone#bahrain#[973] 273-300)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_fax#bahrain#[973] 272-594)
(government_flag#bahrain#red with a white serrated band {eight white points} on the hoist side)
(economy_economic_overview#bahrain#In Bahrain, petroleum production and processing account for about 80% of export receipts, 60% of government revenues, and 30% of GDP. Economic conditions have fluctuated with the changing fortunes of oil since 1985, for example, during and following the Gulf crisis of 1990-91. With its highly developed communication and transport facilities, Bahrain is home to numerous multinational firms with business in the Gulf. A large share of exports consists of petroleum products made from imported crude. Unemployment, especially among the young, and the depletion of both oil and underground water resources are major long-term economic problems.)
(economy_gdp#bahrain#purchasing power parity - $7.3 billion {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_real_growth_rate#bahrain#-2% {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_per_capita#bahrain#$12,000 {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_agriculture#bahrain#NA%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_industry#bahrain#NA%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_services#bahrain#NA%)
(economy_inflation_rate_{consumer_prices}#bahrain#3% {1995 est.})
(economy_labor_force#bahrain#140,000)
(economy_labor_force_by_occupation#bahrain#industry and commerce 85%, agriculture 5%, services 5%, government 3% {1982})
(economy_labor_force_note#bahrain#42% of labor force is Bahraini)
(economy_unemployment_rate#bahrain#25% {1994 est.})
(economy_budget_revenues#bahrain#$1.38 billion)
(economy_budget_expenditures#bahrain#$1.7 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA {1995 est.})
(economy_industries#bahrain#petroleum processing and refining, aluminum smelting, offshore banking, ship repairing)
(economy_industrial_production_growth_rate#bahrain#13% {1992})
(economy_electricity_capacity#bahrain#1,050,000 kW)
(economy_electricity_production#bahrain#3.3 billion kWh)
(economy_electricity_consumption_per_capita#bahrain#5,453 kWh {1993})
(economy_agriculture#bahrain#fruit, vegetables; poultry, dairy products; shrimp, fish)
(economy_exports#bahrain#$3.2 billion {f.o.b., 1995 est.})
(economy_exports_commodities#bahrain#petroleum and petroleum products 80%, aluminum 7%)
(economy_exports_partners#bahrain#India 20%, Japan 14%, Saudi Arabia 7%, US 6%, UAE 5% {1994})
(economy_imports#bahrain#$3.29 billion {c.i.f., 1995 est.})
(economy_imports_commodities#bahrain#nonoil 59%, crude oil 41%)
(economy_imports_partners#bahrain#Saudi Arabia 37%, US 12%, UK 6%, Japan 5%, Germany 4% {1994})
(economy_external_debt#bahrain#$2.6 billion {1993})
(economy_economic_aid#bahrain#$NA)
(economy_currency#bahrain#1 Bahraini dinar {BD} = 1,000 fils)
(economy_exchange_rates#bahrain#Bahraini dinars {BD} per US$1 - 0.3760 {fixed rate})
(economy_fiscal_year#bahrain#calendar year)
(transportation_railways#bahrain#0 km)
(transportation_highways_total#bahrain#2,671 km)
(transportation_highways_paved#bahrain#2,011 km)
(transportation_highways_unpaved#bahrain#660 km {1991 est.})
(transportation_pipelines#bahrain#crude oil 56 km; petroleum products 16 km; natural gas 32 km)
(transportation_ports#bahrain#Manama, Mina' Salman, Sitrah)
(transportation_merchant_marine_total#bahrain#6 ships {1,000 GRT or over} totaling 117,060 GRT/194,061 DWT)
(transportation_merchant_marine_ships_by_type#bahrain#bulk 1, cargo 3, chemical tanker 1, oil tanker 1 {1995 est.})
(transportation_airports_total#bahrain#3)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_over_3,047_m#bahrain#2)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_1,524_to_2,437_m#bahrain#1 {1995 est.})
(transportation_heliports#bahrain#1 {1995 est.})
(communications_telephones#bahrain#73,552 {1987 est.})
(communications_telephone_system#bahrain#modern system; good domestic services and excellent international connections)
(communications_telephone_system_domestic#bahrain#NA)
(communications_telephone_system_international#bahrain#tropospheric scatter to Qatar and UAE; microwave radio relay to Saudi Arabia; submarine cable to Qatar, UAE, and Saudi Arabia; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat {1 Atlantic Ocean and 1 Indian Ocean} and 1 Arabsat)
(communications_radio_broadcast_stations#bahrain#AM 2, FM 3, shortwave 0)
(communications_radios#bahrain#320,000 {1993 est.})
(communications_television_broadcast_stations#bahrain#2 {1988 est.})
(communications_televisions#bahrain#270,000 {1993 est.})
(defense_branches#bahrain#Ground Force, Navy, Air Force, Air Defense, Coast Guard, Police Force)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_age_15-49#bahrain#213,792)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_fit_for_military_service#bahrain#118,702 {1996 est.})
(defense_defense_expenditures#bahrain#exchange rate conversion - $247 million, 5.5% of GDP {1994})
(header_affiliation#baker_island#{territory of the US})
(geography_location#baker_island#Oceania, atoll in the North Pacific Ocean, about one-half of the way from Hawaii to Australia)
(geography_geographic_coordinates#baker_island#0 13 N, 176 31 W)
(geography_map_references#baker_island#Oceania)
(geography_area_total_area#baker_island#1.4 sq km)
(geography_area_land_area#baker_island#1.4 sq km)
(geography_area_comparative_area#baker_island#about 2.5 times the size of The Mall in Washington, DC)
(geography_land_boundaries#baker_island#0 km)
(geography_coastline#baker_island#4.8 km)
(geography_maritime_claims_exclusive_economic_zone#baker_island#200 nm)
(geography_maritime_claims_territorial_sea#baker_island#12 nm)
(geography_international_disputes#baker_island#none)
(geography_climate#baker_island#equatorial; scant rainfall, constant wind, burning sun)
(geography_terrain#baker_island#low, nearly level coral island surrounded by a narrow fringing reef)
(geography_terrain_lowest_point#baker_island#Pacific Ocean 0 m)
(geography_terrain_highest_point#baker_island#unnamed location 8 m)
(geography_natural_resources#baker_island#guano {deposits worked until 1891})
(geography_land_use_arable_land#baker_island#0%)
(geography_land_use_permanent_crops#baker_island#0%)
(geography_land_use_meadows_and_pastures#baker_island#0%)
(geography_land_use_forest_and_woodland#baker_island#0%)
(geography_land_use_other#baker_island#100%)
(geography_irrigated_land#baker_island#0 sq km)
(geography_environment_current_issues#baker_island#no natural fresh water resources)
(geography_environment_natural_hazards#baker_island#the narrow fringing reef surrounding the island can be a maritime hazard)
(geography_environment_international_agreements#baker_island#NA)
(geography_geographic_note#baker_island#treeless, sparse, and scattered vegetation consisting of grasses, prostrate vines, and low growing shrubs; primarily a nesting, roosting, and foraging habitat for seabirds, shorebirds, and marine wildlife)
(people_population#baker_island#uninhabited; note - American civilians evacuated in 1942 after Japanese air and naval attacks during World War II; occupied by US military during World War II, but abandoned after the war; public entry is by special-use permit only and generally restricted to scientists and educators; a cemetery and cemetery ruins are located near the middle of the west coast)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_long_form#baker_island#none)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_short_form#baker_island#Baker Island)
(government_data_code#baker_island#FQ)
(government_type_of_government#baker_island#unincorporated territory of the US administered by the Fish and Wildlife Service of the US Department of the Interior as part of the National Wildlife Refuge system)
(government_capital#baker_island#none; administered from Washington, DC)
(government_flag#baker_island#the flag of the US is used)
(economy_economic_overview#baker_island#no economic activity)
(transportation_ports#baker_island#none; offshore anchorage only; note - there is one boat landing area along the middle of the west coast)
(transportation_airports#baker_island#1 abandoned World War II runway of 1,665 m)
(transportation_transportation_note#baker_island#there is a day beacon near the middle of the west coast)
(defense_defense_note#baker_island#defense is the responsibility of the US; visited annually by the US Coast Guard)
(geography_location#bangladesh#Southern Asia, bordering the Bay of Bengal, between Burma and India)
(geography_geographic_coordinates#bangladesh#24 00 N, 90 00 E)
(geography_map_references#bangladesh#Asia)
(geography_area_total_area#bangladesh#144,000 sq km)
(geography_area_land_area#bangladesh#133,910 sq km)
(geography_area_comparative_area#bangladesh#slightly smaller than Wisconsin)
(geography_land_boundaries_total#bangladesh#4,246 km)
(geography_land_boundaries_border_countries#bangladesh#Burma 193 km, India 4,053 km)
(geography_coastline#bangladesh#580 km)
(geography_maritime_claims_contiguous_zone#bangladesh#18 nm)
(geography_maritime_claims_continental_shelf#bangladesh#up to the outer limits of the continental margin)
(geography_maritime_claims_exclusive_economic_zone#bangladesh#200 nm)
(geography_maritime_claims_territorial_sea#bangladesh#12 nm)
(geography_international_disputes#bangladesh#a portion of the boundary with India in dispute; water-sharing problems with upstream riparian India over the Ganges)
(geography_climate#bangladesh#tropical; cool, dry winter {October to March}; hot, humid summer {March to June}; cool, rainy monsoon {June to October})
(geography_terrain#bangladesh#mostly flat alluvial plain; hilly in southeast)
(geography_terrain_lowest_point#bangladesh#Indian Ocean 0 m)
(geography_terrain_highest_point#bangladesh#Reng Tlang 957 m)
(geography_natural_resources#bangladesh#natural gas, arable land, timber)
(geography_land_use_arable_land#bangladesh#67%)
(geography_land_use_permanent_crops#bangladesh#2%)
(geography_land_use_meadows_and_pastures#bangladesh#4%)
(geography_land_use_forest_and_woodland#bangladesh#16%)
(geography_land_use_other#bangladesh#11%)
(geography_irrigated_land#bangladesh#27,380 sq km {1989})
(geography_environment_current_issues#bangladesh#many people are landless and forced to live on and cultivate flood-prone land; limited access to potable water; water-borne diseases prevalent; water pollution especially of fishing areas results from the use of commercial pesticides; intermittent water shortages because of falling water tables in the northern and central parts of the country; soil degradation; deforestation; severe overpopulation)
(geography_environment_natural_hazards#bangladesh#droughts, cyclones; much of the country routinely flooded during the summer monsoon season)
(geography_environment_international_agreements#bangladesh#party to - Biodiversity, Climate Change, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands; signed, but not ratified - Desertification, Law of the Sea)
(people_population#bangladesh#123,062,800 {July 1996 est.})
(people_age_structure_0-14_years#bangladesh#39% {male 24,434,219; female 23,436,359})
(people_age_structure_15-64_years#bangladesh#58% {male 36,607,942; female 34,603,628})
(people_age_structure_65_years_and_over#bangladesh#3% {male 2,175,017; female 1,805,635} {July 1996 est.})
(people_population_growth_rate#bangladesh#1.85% {1996 est.})
(people_birth_rate#bangladesh#30.5 births/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_death_rate#bangladesh#11.21 deaths/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_net_migration_rate#bangladesh#-0.78 migrant{s}/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_sex_ratio_at_birth#bangladesh#1.05 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_under_15_years#bangladesh#1.04 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_15-64_years#bangladesh#1.06 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_65_years_and_over#bangladesh#1.2 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_all_ages#bangladesh#1.06 male{s}/female {1996 est.})
(people_infant_mortality_rate#bangladesh#102.3 deaths/1,000 live births {1996 est.})
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_total_population#bangladesh#55.86 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_male#bangladesh#56.02 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_female#bangladesh#55.69 years {1996 est.})
(people_total_fertility_rate#bangladesh#3.57 children born/woman {1996 est.})
(people_nationality_noun#bangladesh#Bangladeshi{s})
(people_nationality_adjective#bangladesh#Bangladesh)
(people_ethnic_divisions#bangladesh#Bengali 98%, Biharis 250,000, tribals less than 1 million)
(people_religions#bangladesh#Muslim 83%, Hindu 16%, Buddhist, Christian, other)
(people_languages#bangladesh#Bangla {official}, English)
(people_literacy#bangladesh#age 15 and over can read and write {1995 est.})
(people_literacy_total_population#bangladesh#38.1%)
(people_literacy_male#bangladesh#49.4%)
(people_literacy_female#bangladesh#26.1%)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_long_form#bangladesh#People's Republic of Bangladesh)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_short_form#bangladesh#Bangladesh)
(government_name_of_country_former#bangladesh#East Pakistan)
(government_data_code#bangladesh#BG)
(government_type_of_government#bangladesh#republic)
(government_capital#bangladesh#Dhaka)
(government_administrative_divisions#bangladesh#4 divisions; Chittagong, Dhaka, Khulna, Rajshahi)
(government_administrative_divisions_note#bangladesh#there may be two new divisions named Barisal and Sylhet)
(government_independence#bangladesh#16 December 1971 {from Pakistan})
(government_national_holiday#bangladesh#Independence Day, 26 March {1971})
(government_constitution#bangladesh#4 November 1972, effective 16 December 1972, suspended following coup of 24 March 1982, restored 10 November 1986, amended many times)
(government_legal_system#bangladesh#based on English common law)
(government_suffrage#bangladesh#18 years of age; universal)
(government_executive_branch_chief_of_state#bangladesh#President Abdur Rahman BISWAS {since 8 October 1991} was elected for a five-year term by National Parliament; election last held 8 October 1991 {next to be held by NA October 1996}; results - Abdur Rahman BISWAS received 52.1% of parliamentary vote)
(government_executive_branch_head_of_government#bangladesh#Caretaker Prime Minister Muhammad Habibur RAHMAN {since 31 March 1996} was appointed by the president {see note under Legislative branch entry})
(government_executive_branch_cabinet#bangladesh#Advisory Council was appointed by the president on 3 April 1996)
(government_legislative_branch#bangladesh#unicameral)
(government_national_parliament_{jatiya_sangsad}#bangladesh#elections last held 15 February 1996 {next to be held NA}; results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - {330 total, 300 elected and 30 seats reserved for women} seats by party NA; note - the election was held despite the fact that it was boycotted by the major opposition parties; Prime Minister Khaleda ZIAur RAHMAN's party won a landslide victory, but, under continuing pressure from the opposition, who called for an annulment of the results, National Parliament passed a bill that established a caretaker government to oversee new elections on a date yet to be determined; President BISWAS then dissolved Parliament and named a caretaker prime minister to replace Prime Minister ZIAur RAHMAN)
(government_judicial_branch#bangladesh#Supreme Court, the Chief Justices and other judges are appointed by the president)
(government_political_parties_and_leaders#bangladesh#Bangladesh Nationalist Party {BNP}, Khaleda ZIAur RAHMAN; Awami League {AL}, Sheikh Hasina WAJED; Jatiyo Party {JP}, Hussain Mohammad ERSHAD {in jail}; Jamaat-E-Islami {JI}, Motiur Rahman NIZAMI; Bangladesh Communist Party {BCP}, Saifuddin Ahmed MANIK; National Awami Party {Muzaffar}; Workers Party, Rashid Khan MENON; Jatiyo Samajtantik Dal {JSD}, Serajul ALAM KHAN; Ganotantri Party, leader NA; Islami Oikya Jote, leader NA; National Democratic Party {NDP}, leader NA; Muslim League, Khan A. SABUR; Democratic League, Khondakar MUSHTAQUE Ahmed; United People's Party, Kazi ZAFAR Ahmed)
(government_international_organization_participation#bangladesh#AsDB, C, CCC, CP, ESCAP, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Inmarsat, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, MINURSO, NAM, OIC, SAARC, UN, UNAMIR, UNAVEM III, UNCRO, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIKOM, UNMIH, UNMOT, UNOMIG, UNPREDEP, UNPROFOR, UNU, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_chief_of_mission#bangladesh#Ambassador Humayun KABIR)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_chancery#bangladesh#2201 Wisconsin Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20007)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_telephone#bangladesh#[1] {202} 342-8372 through 8376)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_consulate{s}_general#bangladesh#Los Angeles and New York)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_chief_of_mission#bangladesh#Ambassador David N. MERRILL)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_embassy#bangladesh#Diplomatic Enclave, Madani Avenue, Baridhara, Dhaka)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_mailing_address#bangladesh#G.P.O. Box 323, Dhaka 1000; Dhaka 1212)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_telephone#bangladesh#[880] {2} 884700 through 884722)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_fax#bangladesh#[880] {2} 883-744)
(government_flag#bangladesh#green with a large red disk slightly to the hoist side of center; green is the traditional color of Islam)
(economy_economic_overview#bangladesh#Despite sustained domestic and international efforts to improve economic and demographic prospects, Bangladesh remains one of the world's poorest, most densely populated, and least developed nations. Annual GDP growth has averaged over 4% in recent years from a low base. Its economy is overwhelmingly agricultural, with the cultivation of rice the single most important activity in the economy. Major impediments to growth include frequent cyclones and floods, the inefficiency of state-owned enterprises, a rapidly growing labor force that cannot be absorbed by agriculture, delays in exploiting energy resources {natural gas}, inadequate power supplies, and, most recently, political disturbances. In 1995, progress on Bangladesh's development agenda has been slowed by frequent political unrest before and after national elections in early 1996. Opposition parties have challenged the government's authority by resigning from Parliament and sponsoring numerous countrywide strikes that have crippled transport, hindered business activity, and threatened to slow economic growth in 1996.)
(economy_gdp#bangladesh#purchasing power parity - $144.5 billion {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_real_growth_rate#bangladesh#4.6% {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_per_capita#bangladesh#$1,130 {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_agriculture#bangladesh#NA%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_industry#bangladesh#NA%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_services#bangladesh#NA%)
(economy_inflation_rate_{consumer_prices}#bangladesh#4.5% {1995 est.})
(economy_labor_force#bangladesh#50.1 million)
(economy_labor_force_by_occupation#bangladesh#agriculture 65%, services 21%, industry and mining 14% {1989})
(economy_labor_force_note#bangladesh#extensive export of labor to Saudi Arabia, UAE, and Oman {1991})
(economy_unemployment_rate#bangladesh#NA%)
(economy_budget_revenues#bangladesh#$2.8 billion)
(economy_budget_expenditures#bangladesh#$4.1 billion, including capital expenditures of $1.8 billion {FY92/93})
(economy_industries#bangladesh#jute manufacturing, cotton textiles, food processing, steel, fertilizer)
(economy_industrial_production_growth_rate#bangladesh#8.5% {1995 est.})
(economy_electricity_capacity#bangladesh#2,740,000 kW)
(economy_electricity_production#bangladesh#9.2 billion kWh)
(economy_electricity_consumption_per_capita#bangladesh#70 kWh {1993})
(economy_agriculture#bangladesh#jute, rice, wheat, tea, sugarcane, potatoes; beef, milk, poultry)
(economy_illicit_drugs#bangladesh#transit country for illegal drugs produced in neighboring countries)
(economy_exports#bangladesh#$2.7 billion {1995 est.})
(economy_exports_commodities#bangladesh#garments, jute and jute goods, leather, shrimp)
(economy_exports_partners#bangladesh#US 33%, Western Europe 39% {Germany 8.4%, Italy 6%} {FY91/92 est.})
(economy_imports#bangladesh#$4.7 billion {1995 est.})
(economy_imports_commodities#bangladesh#capital goods, petroleum, food, textiles)
(economy_imports_partners#bangladesh#Hong Kong 7.5%, Singapore 7.4%, China 7.4%, Japan 7.1% {FY91/92 est.})
(economy_external_debt#bangladesh#$15.7 billion {1995 est.})
(economy_economic_aid_recipient#bangladesh#ODA, $1.099 billion {1993})
(economy_currency#bangladesh#1 taka {Tk} = 100 poiska)
(economy_exchange_rates#bangladesh#taka {Tk} per US$1 - 40.933 {January 19965}, 40.278 {1995}, 40.212 {1994}, 39.567 {1993}, 38.951 {1992}, 36.596 {1991})
(economy_fiscal_year#bangladesh#1 July - 30 June)
(transportation_railways_total#bangladesh#2,892 km)
(transportation_railways_broad_gauge#bangladesh#978 km 1.676-m gauge)
(transportation_railways_narrow_gauge#bangladesh#1,914 km 1.000-m gauge {1992})
(transportation_highways_total#bangladesh#13,627 km)
(transportation_highways_paved#bangladesh#8,546 km)
(transportation_highways_unpaved#bangladesh#5,081 km {1992})
(transportation_waterways#bangladesh#5,150-8,046 km navigable waterways {includes 2,575-3,058 km main cargo routes})
(transportation_pipelines#bangladesh#natural gas 1,220 km)
(transportation_ports#bangladesh#Chittagong, Dhaka, Chalna Port {Mongla})
(transportation_merchant_marine_total#bangladesh#37 ships {1,000 GRT or over} totaling 296,503 GRT/423,274 DWT)
(transportation_merchant_marine_ships_by_type#bangladesh#bulk 3, cargo 29, oil tanker 2, refrigerated cargo 3 {1995 est.})
(transportation_airports_total#bangladesh#15)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_over_3,047_m#bangladesh#2)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_2,438_to_3,047_m#bangladesh#2)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_1,524_to_2,437_m#bangladesh#4)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_914_to_1,523_m#bangladesh#1)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_under_914_m#bangladesh#6 {1995 est.})
(communications_telephones#bangladesh#249,800 {1994 est.})
(communications_telephone_system_domestic#bangladesh#poor domestic telephone service)
(communications_telephone_system_international#bangladesh#satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat {Indian Ocean}; international radiotelephone communications and landline service to neighboring countries)
(communications_radio_broadcast_stations#bangladesh#AM 9, FM 6, shortwave 0)
(communications_radios#bangladesh#NA)
(communications_television_broadcast_stations#bangladesh#11)
(communications_televisions#bangladesh#350,000 {1993 est.})
(defense_branches#bangladesh#Army, Navy, Air Force, paramilitary forces {includes Bangladesh Rifles, Bangladesh Ansars, Armed Police Reserve, Village Defense Parties, National Cadet Corps})
(defense_manpower_availability_males_age_15-49#bangladesh#31,795,848)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_fit_for_military_service#bangladesh#18,814,818 {1996 est.})
(defense_defense_expenditures#bangladesh#exchange rate conversion - $481 million, 1.7% of GDP {FY95/96})
(geography_location#barbados#Caribbean, island between the Caribbean Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean, northeast of Venezuela)
(geography_geographic_coordinates#barbados#13 10 N, 59 32 W)
(geography_map_references#barbados#Central America and the Caribbean)
(geography_area_total_area#barbados#430 sq km)
(geography_area_land_area#barbados#430 sq km)
(geography_area_comparative_area#barbados#2.5 times the size of Washington, DC)
(geography_land_boundaries#barbados#0 km)
(geography_coastline#barbados#97 km)
(geography_maritime_claims_exclusive_economic_zone#barbados#200 nm)
(geography_maritime_claims_territorial_sea#barbados#12 nm)
(geography_international_disputes#barbados#none)
(geography_climate#barbados#tropical; rainy season {June to October})
(geography_terrain#barbados#relatively flat; rises gently to central highland region)
(geography_terrain_lowest_point#barbados#Atlantic Ocean 0 m)
(geography_terrain_highest_point#barbados#Mount Hillaby 336 m)
(geography_natural_resources#barbados#petroleum, fish, natural gas)
(geography_land_use_arable_land#barbados#77%)
(geography_land_use_permanent_crops#barbados#0%)
(geography_land_use_meadows_and_pastures#barbados#9%)
(geography_land_use_forest_and_woodland#barbados#0%)
(geography_land_use_other#barbados#14%)
(geography_irrigated_land#barbados#NA sq km)
(geography_environment_current_issues#barbados#pollution of coastal waters from waste disposal by ships; soil erosion; illegal solid waste disposal threatens contamination of aquifers)
(geography_environment_natural_hazards#barbados#hurricanes {especially June to October}; periodic landslides)
(geography_environment_international_agreements#barbados#party to - Climate Change, Endangered Species, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Whaling; signed, but not ratified - Biodiversity, Hazardous Wastes)
(geography_geographic_note#barbados#easternmost Caribbean island)
(people_population#barbados#257,030 {July 1996 est.})
(people_age_structure_0-14_years#barbados#24% {male 31,263; female 29,822})
(people_age_structure_15-64_years#barbados#66% {male 83,565; female 86,697})
(people_age_structure_65_years_and_over#barbados#10% {male 9,929; female 15,754} {July 1996 est.})
(people_population_growth_rate#barbados#0.26% {1996 est.})
(people_birth_rate#barbados#15.29 births/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_death_rate#barbados#8.21 deaths/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_net_migration_rate#barbados#-4.49 migrant{s}/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_sex_ratio_at_birth#barbados#1.08 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_under_15_years#barbados#1.05 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_15-64_years#barbados#0.96 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_65_years_and_over#barbados#0.63 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_all_ages#barbados#0.94 male{s}/female {1996 est.})
(people_infant_mortality_rate#barbados#18.7 deaths/1,000 live births {1996 est.})
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_total_population#barbados#74.35 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_male#barbados#71.65 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_female#barbados#77.25 years {1996 est.})
(people_total_fertility_rate#barbados#1.78 children born/woman {1996 est.})
(people_nationality_noun#barbados#Barbadian{s})
(people_nationality_adjective#barbados#Barbadian)
(people_ethnic_divisions#barbados#African 80%, European 4%, other 16%)
(people_religions#barbados#Protestant 67% {Anglican 40%, Pentecostal 8%, Methodist 7%, other 12%}, Roman Catholic 4%, none 17%, unknown 3%, other 9% {1980})
(people_languages#barbados#English)
(people_literacy#barbados#age 15 and over has ever attended school {1995 est.})
(people_literacy_total_population#barbados#97.4%)
(people_literacy_male#barbados#98%)
(people_literacy_female#barbados#96.8%)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_long_form#barbados#none)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_short_form#barbados#Barbados)
(government_data_code#barbados#BB)
(government_type_of_government#barbados#parliamentary democracy)
(government_capital#barbados#Bridgetown)
(government_administrative_divisions#barbados#11 parishes; Christ Church, Saint Andrew, Saint George, Saint James, Saint John, Saint Joseph, Saint Lucy, Saint Michael, Saint Peter, Saint Philip, Saint Thomas)
(government_administrative_divisions_note#barbados#the city of Bridgetown may be given parish status)
(government_independence#barbados#30 November 1966 {from UK})
(government_national_holiday#barbados#Independence Day, 30 November {1966})
(government_constitution#barbados#30 November 1966)
(government_legal_system#barbados#English common law; no judicial review of legislative acts)
(government_suffrage#barbados#18 years of age; universal)
(government_executive_branch_chief_of_state#barbados#Queen ELIZABETH II {since 6 February 1952} is a hereditary monarch, represented by Acting Governor General Denys WILLIAMS {since 21 December 1995} who was appointed by the queen)
(government_executive_branch_head_of_government#barbados#Prime Minister Owen Seymour ARTHUR {since 6 September 1994} was appointed by the governor general; Deputy Prime Minister Billie MILLER {since 6 September 1994})
(government_executive_branch_cabinet#barbados#Cabinet was appointed by the governor general on advice of the prime minister)
(government_legislative_branch#barbados#bicameral Parliament)
(government_senate#barbados#consists of a 21-member body appointed by the governor general)
(government_house_of_assembly#barbados#election last held 6 September 1994 {next to be held by January 1999}; results - percentage vote by party NA; seats - {28 total} BLP 19, DLP 8,NDP 1)
(government_judicial_branch#barbados#Supreme Court of Judicature, judges are appointed by the Service Commissions for the Judicial and Legal Service)
(government_political_parties_and_leaders#barbados#Democratic Labor Party {DLP}, David THOMPSON; Barbados Labor Party {BLP}, Owen ARTHUR; National Democratic Party {NDP}, Richard HAYNES)
(government_other_political_or_pressure_groups#barbados#Barbados Workers Union, Leroy TROTMAN; People's Progressive Movement, Eric SEALY; Workers' Party of Barbados, Dr. George BELLE; Clement Payne Labor Union, David COMMISSIONG)
(government_international_organization_participation#barbados#ACP, C, Caricom, CDB, ECLAC, FAO, G-77, IADB, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, ISO {correspondent}, ITU, LAES, NAM, OAS, OPANAL, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNMIH, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTrO)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_chief_of_mission#barbados#Ambassador Courtney N. BLACKMAN)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_chancery#barbados#2144 Wyoming Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_telephone#barbados#[1] {202} 939-9218, 9219)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_fax#barbados#[1] {202} 332-7467)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_consulate{s}_general#barbados#Miami and New York)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_consulate{s}#barbados#Los Angeles)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_chief_of_mission#barbados#Ambassador Jeanette W. HYDE)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_embassy#barbados#Canadian Imperial Bank of Commerce Building, Broad Street, Bridgetown)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_mailing_address#barbados#P. O. Box 302, Bridgetown; FPO AA 34055)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_telephone#barbados#[1] {809} 436-4950)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_fax#barbados#[1] {809} 429-5246)
(government_flag#barbados#three equal vertical bands of blue {hoist side}, gold, and blue with the head of a black trident centered on the gold band; the trident head represents independence and a break with the past {the colonial coat of arms contained a complete trident})
(economy_economic_overview#barbados#Historically, the Barbadian economy has been dependent on sugarcane cultivation and related activities, but in recent years the production has diversified into manufacturing and tourism. Sluggish performances in the sugar and tourism sectors - which declined by 25% and 8% respectively - tempered economic expansion in 1995; output increased by 2% for the year, down from nearly 4% in 1994. Improved weather conditions in 1995 are expected to boost agriculture output in 1996. Since taking office in 1994, Prime Minister ARTHUR has aggressively moved to promote foreign direct investment as part of a policy designed to reduce nagging unemployment. The government has also been active in promoting regional integration initiatives.)
(economy_gdp#barbados#purchasing power parity - $2.5 billion {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_real_growth_rate#barbados#2% {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_per_capita#barbados#$9,800 {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_agriculture#barbados#6.4%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_industry#barbados#39.3%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_services#barbados#54.3% {1994})
(economy_inflation_rate_{consumer_prices}#barbados#1.7% {1995 est.})
(economy_labor_force#barbados#126,000 {1993})
(economy_labor_force_by_occupation#barbados#services and government 41%, commerce 15%, manufacturing and construction 18%, transportation, storage, communications, and financial institutions 8%, agriculture 6%, utilities 2% {1992 est.})
(economy_unemployment_rate#barbados#19.9% {September 1995})
(economy_budget_revenues#barbados#$550 million)
(economy_budget_expenditures#barbados#$710 million, including capital expenditures of $86 million {FY95/96 est.})
(economy_industries#barbados#tourism, sugar, light manufacturing, component assembly for export)
(economy_industrial_production_growth_rate#barbados#5% {1995 est.})
(economy_electricity_capacity#barbados#152,100 kW)
(economy_electricity_production#barbados#510 million kWh)
(economy_electricity_consumption_per_capita#barbados#1,841 kWh {1993})
(economy_agriculture#barbados#sugarcane, vegetables, cotton)
(economy_illicit_drugs#barbados#one of many Caribbean transshipment points for narcotics bound for the US and Europe)
(economy_exports#barbados#$158.6 million {f.o.b., 1995 est.})
(economy_exports_commodities#barbados#sugar and molasses, rum, other foods and beverages, chemicals, electrical components, clothing)
(economy_exports_partners#barbados#US 13%, UK 10%, Trinidad and Tobago 9%, Windward Islands 8%)
(economy_imports#barbados#$693 million {c.i.f., 1995 est.})
(economy_imports_commodities#barbados#consumer goods, machinery, foodstuffs, construction materials, chemicals, fuel, electrical components)
(economy_imports_partners#barbados#US 36%, UK 11%, Trinidad and Tobago 11%, Japan 3%)
(economy_external_debt#barbados#$408 million {1995 est.})
(economy_economic_aid#barbados#$NA)
(economy_currency#barbados#1 Barbadian dollar {Bds$} = 100 cents)
(economy_exchange_rates#barbados#Barbadian dollars {Bds$} per US$1 - 2.0113 {fixed rate})
(economy_fiscal_year#barbados#1 April - 31 March)
(transportation_railways#barbados#0 km)
(transportation_highways_total#barbados#1,550 km)
(transportation_highways_paved#barbados#1,550 km)
(transportation_ports#barbados#Bridgetown)
(transportation_merchant_marine_total#barbados#34 ships {1,000 GRT or over} totaling 183,937 GRT/271,707 DWT)
(transportation_merchant_marine_ships_by_type#barbados#bulk 6, cargo 21, combination bulk 3, oil tanker 3, roll-on/roll-off cargo 1 {1995 est.})
(transportation_airports_total#barbados#1)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_over_3,047_m#barbados#1 {1995 est.})
(communications_telephones#barbados#87,343 {1991 est.})
(communications_telephone_system_domestic#barbados#island wide automatic telephone system)
(communications_telephone_system_international#barbados#satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat {Atlantic Ocean}; tropospheric scatter to Trinidad and Saint Lucia)
(communications_radio_broadcast_stations#barbados#AM 3, FM 2, shortwave 0)
(communications_radios#barbados#NA)
(communications_television_broadcast_stations#barbados#2 {1 pay})
(communications_televisions#barbados#69,350 {1993 est.})
(defense_branches#barbados#Royal Barbados Defense Force {includes Ground Forces and Coast Guard}, Royal Barbados Police Force)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_age_15-49#barbados#71,667)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_fit_for_military_service#barbados#49,726 {1996 est.})
(defense_defense_expenditures#barbados#$NA, NA% of GDP)
(header_affiliation#bassas_da_india#{possession of France})
(geography_location#bassas_da_india#Southern Africa, islands in the southern Mozambique Channel, about one-half of the way from Madagascar to Mozambique)
(geography_geographic_coordinates#bassas_da_india#21 30 S, 39 50 E)
(geography_map_references#bassas_da_india#Africa)
(geography_area_total_area#bassas_da_india#0.2 sq km)
(geography_area_land_area#bassas_da_india#0.2 sq km)
(geography_area_comparative_area#bassas_da_india#about one-third the size of The Mall in Washington, DC)
(geography_land_boundaries#bassas_da_india#0 km)
(geography_coastline#bassas_da_india#35.2 km)
(geography_maritime_claims_exclusive_economic_zone#bassas_da_india#200 nm)
(geography_maritime_claims_territorial_sea#bassas_da_india#12 nm)
(geography_international_disputes#bassas_da_india#claimed by Madagascar)
(geography_climate#bassas_da_india#tropical)
(geography_terrain#bassas_da_india#a volcanic rock 2.4 meters high)
(geography_terrain_lowest_point#bassas_da_india#Indian Ocean 0 m)
(geography_terrain_highest_point#bassas_da_india#unnamed location 3 m)
(geography_natural_resources#bassas_da_india#none)
(geography_land_use_arable_land#bassas_da_india#0%)
(geography_land_use_permanent_crops#bassas_da_india#0%)
(geography_land_use_meadows_and_pastures#bassas_da_india#0%)
(geography_land_use_forest_and_woodland#bassas_da_india#0%)
(geography_land_use_other#bassas_da_india#100% {all rock})
(geography_irrigated_land#bassas_da_india#0 sq km)
(geography_environment_current_issues#bassas_da_india#NA)
(geography_environment_natural_hazards#bassas_da_india#maritime hazard since it is usually under water during high tide and surrounded by reefs; subject to periodic cyclones)
(geography_environment_international_agreements#bassas_da_india#NA)
(people_population#bassas_da_india#uninhabited)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_long_form#bassas_da_india#none)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_short_form#bassas_da_india#Bassas da India)
(government_data_code#bassas_da_india#BS)
(government_type_of_government#bassas_da_india#French possession administered by a Commissioner of the Republic, resident in Reunion)
(government_capital#bassas_da_india#none; administered by France from Reunion)
(government_independence#bassas_da_india#none {possession of France})
(government_flag#bassas_da_india#the flag of France is used)
(economy_economic_overview#bassas_da_india#no economic activity)
(transportation_ports#bassas_da_india#none; offshore anchorage only)
(defense_defense_note#bassas_da_india#defense is the responsibility of France)
(geography_location#belarus#Eastern Europe, east of Poland)
(geography_geographic_coordinates#belarus#53 00 N, 28 00 E)
(geography_map_references#belarus#Commonwealth of Independent States)
(geography_area_total_area#belarus#207,600 sq km)
(geography_area_land_area#belarus#207,600 sq km)
(geography_area_comparative_area#belarus#slightly smaller than Kansas)
(geography_land_boundaries_total#belarus#3,098 km)
(geography_land_boundaries_border_countries#belarus#Latvia 141 km, Lithuania 502 km, Poland 605 km, Russia 959 km, Ukraine 891 km)
(geography_coastline#belarus#0 km {landlocked})
(geography_maritime_claims#belarus#none {landlocked})
(geography_international_disputes#belarus#none)
(geography_climate#belarus#cold winters, cool and moist summers; transitional between continental and maritime)
(geography_terrain#belarus#generally flat and contains much marshland)
(geography_terrain_lowest_point#belarus#Nyoman River 90 m)
(geography_terrain_highest_point#belarus#Dzyarzhynskaya Hara 346 m)
(geography_natural_resources#belarus#forests, peat deposits, small quantities of oil and natural gas)
(geography_land_use_arable_land#belarus#29%)
(geography_land_use_permanent_crops#belarus#1%)
(geography_land_use_meadows_and_pastures#belarus#15%)
(geography_land_use_forest_and_woodland#belarus#0%)
(geography_land_use_other#belarus#55%)
(geography_irrigated_land#belarus#1,490 sq km {1990})
(geography_environment_current_issues#belarus#soil pollution from pesticide use; southern part of the country contaminated with fallout from 1986 nuclear reactor accident at Chornobyl')
(geography_environment_natural_hazards#belarus#NA)
(geography_environment_international_agreements#belarus#party to - Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Sulphur 85, Biodiversity, Environmental Modification, Marine Dumping, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection; signed, but not ratified - Climate Change, Law of the Sea)
(geography_geographic_note#belarus#landlocked)
(people_population#belarus#10,415,973 {July 1996 est.})
(people_age_structure_0-14_years#belarus#21% {male 1,136,499; female 1,090,101})
(people_age_structure_15-64_years#belarus#66% {male 3,334,077; female 3,536,982})
(people_age_structure_65_years_and_over#belarus#13% {male 429,574; female 888,740} {July 1996 est.})
(people_population_growth_rate#belarus#0.2% {1996 est.})
(people_birth_rate#belarus#12.15 births/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_death_rate#belarus#13.64 deaths/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_net_migration_rate#belarus#3.51 migrant{s}/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_sex_ratio_at_birth#belarus#1.05 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_under_15_years#belarus#1.04 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_15-64_years#belarus#0.94 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_65_years_and_over#belarus#0.48 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_all_ages#belarus#0.89 male{s}/female {1996 est.})
(people_infant_mortality_rate#belarus#13.4 deaths/1,000 live births {1996 est.})
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_total_population#belarus#68.57 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_male#belarus#63.2 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_female#belarus#74.21 years {1996 est.})
(people_total_fertility_rate#belarus#1.69 children born/woman {1996 est.})
(people_nationality_noun#belarus#Belarusian{s})
(people_nationality_adjective#belarus#Belarusian)
(people_ethnic_divisions#belarus#Byelorussian 77.9%, Russian 13.2%, Polish 4.1%, Ukrainian 2.9%, other 1.9%)
(people_religions#belarus#Eastern Orthodox 60%, other {including Roman Catholic and Muslim} 40% {early 1990's})
(people_languages#belarus#Byelorussian, Russian, other)
(people_literacy#belarus#age 15 and over can read and write {1989 est.})
(people_literacy_total_population#belarus#98%)
(people_literacy_male#belarus#99%)
(people_literacy_female#belarus#97%)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_long_form#belarus#Republic of Belarus)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_short_form#belarus#Belarus)
(government_name_of_country_local_long_form#belarus#Respublika Byelarus')
(government_name_of_country_local_short_form#belarus#none)
(government_name_of_country_former#belarus#Belorussian {Byelorussian} Soviet Socialist Republic)
(government_data_code#belarus#BO)
(government_type_of_government#belarus#republic)
(government_capital#belarus#Minsk)
(government_administrative_divisions#belarus#6 voblastsi {singular - voblasts'} and one municipality* {harady, singular - horad}; Brestskaya {Brest}, Homyel'skaya {Homyel'}, Horad Minsk*, Hrodzyenskaya {Hrodna}, Mahilyowskaya {Mahilyow}, Minskaya, Vitsyebskaya {Vitsyebsk})
(government_administrative_divisions_note#belarus#the administrative centers of the voblastsi are included in parentheses)
(government_independence#belarus#25 August 1991 {from Soviet Union}; the Belarussian Supreme Soviet issued a proclamation of independence; on 17 July 1990 Belarus issued a declaration of sovereignty)
(government_national_holiday#belarus#Independence Day, 27 July {1990})
(government_constitution#belarus#adopted 15 March 1994; replaces constitution of April 1978)
(government_legal_system#belarus#based on civil law system)
(government_suffrage#belarus#18 years of age; universal)
(government_executive_branch_chief_of_state#belarus#President Aleksandr LUKASHENKO {since 20 July 1994} was elected for a five-year term by popular vote; election last held 24 June and 10 July 1994 {next to be held NA 1999}; results - Aleksandr LUKASHENKO 85%, Vyacheslav KEBICH 15%)
(government_executive_branch_head_of_government#belarus#Prime Minister Mikhail CHIGIR {since NA July 1994} was appointed by the president; Deputy Prime Ministers Vladimir GARKUN {since NA}, Sergey LING {since NA}, Leonid SINITSYN {since NA}, Valeriy KOKAREV {since NA}, Vladimir RUSAKEVICH {since NA})
(government_executive_branch_cabinet#belarus#Council of Ministers)
(government_executive_branch_note#belarus#first presidential elections took place in June-July 1994)
(government_legislative_branch#belarus#unicameral)
(government_supreme_soviet#belarus#elections last held May, Nov-Dec 1995 {two rounds, each with a run-off; next to be held NA 2000}; results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - {260 total} KPB 42, Agrarian 33, CAB 9, Party of People's Concord 8, UPNAZ 2, SDPB 2, BPR 1, Green Party 1, Republican Party of Labor and Justice 1, BSP 1, NFB 1, Social and Sports Party 1, Ecological Party 1, independents 95, vacant 62)
(government_judicial_branch#belarus#Supreme Court, judges are appointed by the president; Constitutional Court)
(government_political_parties_and_leaders#belarus#Belarusian Communist Party {KPB}, Vasiliy NOVIKOV, Viktor CHIKIN, chairmen; Agrarian Party, Semen SHARETSKIY; Civic Accord Bloc {CAB}; Party of People's Concord, Gennadiy KARPENKO; Party of All-Belarusian Unity and Concord {UPNAZ}, Dmitriy BULAKOV; Belarusian Social-Democrat Hramada {SDBP}, Alex TRUSOV; Belarusian Patriotic Movement {BPR}, Anatol BARANKEVICH; Green Party of Belarus, Mikalay KARTASH; Republican Party of Labor and Justice, Anatol NETSILKIN; Belarus Peasants {BSP}, Yevgeniy LUGIN, chairman; Belarusian Popular Front {NFB}, Zenon POZNYAK, chairman; Belarusian Social Sports Party, Vladimir ALEKSANDROVICH; Ecological Party, Aleksiy MIKULICH; National Democratic Party of Belarus {NDPB}, Victor NAVUMENKA; United Democratic Party of Belarus {ADPB}, Aleksandr DOBROVOLSKIY; Belarusian Socialist Party {SPB}, Vyacheslav KUZNETSOV; Slavic Assembly {SAB}, Nikolai SYARECHEV; Liberal-Democratic Party {LDPB}, Vasil KRIVENKA; Belarusian Christian-Democratic Unity {BKDZ}, Petr SILKO; Polish Democratic Union {PDZ}, Konstantin TARASEVICH; Party of Beer Lovers, Yuriy GONCHAR; Belarusian Labor Party {BPP}, Aleksandr BUKHVOSTOV)
(government_international_organization_participation#belarus#CCC, CE {guest}, CIS, EBRD, ECE, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Intelsat {nonsignatory user}, Interpol, IOC, IOM {observer}, ISO, ITU, NACC, OSCE, PCA, PFP, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTrO {applicant})
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_chief_of_mission#belarus#Ambassador Sergey Nikolayevich MARTYNOV)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_chancery#belarus#1619 New Hampshire Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20009)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_telephone#belarus#[1] {202} 986-1604)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_fax#belarus#[1] {202} 986-1805)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_consulate{s}_general#belarus#New York)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_chief_of_mission#belarus#Ambassador Kenneth Spencer YALOWITZ)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_embassy#belarus#Starovilenskaya #46-220002, Minsk)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_mailing_address#belarus#use embassy street address)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_telephone#belarus#[375] {172} 31-50-00)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_fax#belarus#[375] {172} 34-78-53)
(government_flag#belarus#red horizontal band {top} and green horizontal band one-half the width of the red band; a white vertical stripe of white on the hoist side bears in red the Belarusian national ornament)
(economy_economic_overview#belarus#At the time of independence in late 1991, Belarus was one of the most developed of the former Soviet states, inheriting a modern - by Soviet standards - machine building sector and robust agricultural sector. However, the breakup of the Soviet Union and its traditional trade ties, as well as the government's failure to embrace market reforms, has resulted in a sharp economic decline. Privatization is virtually nonexistent and the system of state orders and distribution persists. Although President LUKASHENKO pronounces his 1995 macro stabilization policies a success - annual inflation dropped from 2,220% in 1994 to 244% in 1995 - the IMF has criticized his insistence on maintaining the steady exchange rate for Belarusian rubel, which has traded at 11,500 to the dollar since late 1994. The IMF suspended Minsk's $300 million standby program in November 1995 until the government would agree to a devaluation of the rubel. The overvalued rubel has especially hurt Belarusian exporters, most of which now operate at a loss. In addition, the January 1995 Customs Union agreement with Russia - which required Minsk to adjust its foreign trade practices to mirror Moscow's - has resulted in higher import tariffs for Belarusian consumers; tariffs have risen from 5%-20% to 20%-40%.)
(economy_gdp#belarus#purchasing power parity - $49.2 billion {1995 estimate as extrapolated from World Bank estimate for 1994})
(economy_gdp_real_growth_rate#belarus#-10% {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_per_capita#belarus#$4,700 {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_agriculture#belarus#21%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_industry#belarus#49%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_services#belarus#30% {1991 est.})
(economy_inflation_rate_{consumer_prices}#belarus#244% {1995 est.})
(economy_labor_force#belarus#4.259 million)
(economy_labor_force_by_occupation#belarus#industry and construction 40%, agriculture and forestry 21%, other 39% {1992})
(economy_unemployment_rate#belarus#2.6% officially registered unemployed {December 1994}; large numbers of underemployed workers)
(economy_budget_revenues#belarus#$4.95 billion)
(economy_budget_expenditures#belarus#$5.47 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA {1996 est.})
(economy_industries#belarus#tractors, metal-cutting machine tools, off-highway dump trucks up to 110-metric-ton load capacity, wheel-type earth movers for construction and mining, eight-wheel-drive, high-flotation trucks with cargo capacity of 25 metric tons for use in tundra and roadless areas, equipment for animal husbandry and livestock feeding, motorcycles, television sets, chemical fibers, fertilizer, linen fabric, wool fabric, radios, refrigerators, other consumer goods)
(economy_industrial_production_growth_rate#belarus#-11% {1995 est.})
(economy_electricity_capacity#belarus#7,010,000 kW)
(economy_electricity_production#belarus#24.9 billion kWh)
(economy_electricity_consumption_per_capita#belarus#2,300 kWh {1995 est.})
(economy_agriculture#belarus#grain, potatoes, vegetables; meat, milk)
(economy_illicit_drugs#belarus#illicit cultivator of opium poppy and cannabis; mostly for the domestic market; transshipment point for illicit drugs to Western Europe)
(economy_exports#belarus#$4.2 billion {f.o.b., 1995})
(economy_exports_commodities#belarus#machinery and transport equipment, chemicals, foodstuffs)
(economy_exports_partners#belarus#Russia, Ukraine, Poland, Germany)
(economy_imports#belarus#$4.6 billion {c.i.f., 1995})
(economy_imports_commodities#belarus#fuel, natural gas, industrial raw materials, textiles, sugar)
(economy_imports_partners#belarus#Russia, Ukraine, Poland, Germany)
(economy_external_debt#belarus#$2 billion {September 1995 est.})
(economy_economic_aid_recipient#belarus#ODA, $186 million {1993})
(economy_economic_aid_note#belarus#commitments, $3,930 million {$1,845 million disbursements}, 1992-95)
(economy_currency#belarus#Belarusian rubel {BR})
(economy_exchange_rates#belarus#Belarusian rubels per US$1 - 11,500 {yearend 1995}, 10,600 {yearend 1994})
(economy_fiscal_year#belarus#calendar year)
(transportation_railways_total#belarus#5,488 km)
(transportation_railways_broad_gauge#belarus#5,488 km 1.520-m gauge {873 km electrified} {1993})
(transportation_highways_total#belarus#92,200 km)
(transportation_highways_paved#belarus#61,000 km {including graveled})
(transportation_highways_unpaved#belarus#31,200 km {1994 est.})
(transportation_waterways#belarus#NA km; note - Belarus has extensive and widely used canal and river systems)
(transportation_pipelines#belarus#crude oil 1,470 km; refined products 1,100 km; natural gas 1,980 km {1992})
(transportation_ports#belarus#Mazyr)
(transportation_merchant_marine_note#belarus#claims 5% of former Soviet fleet {1995 est.})
(transportation_airports_total#belarus#118)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_over_3,047_m#belarus#2)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_2,438_to_3,047_m#belarus#18)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_1,524_to_2,437_m#belarus#5)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_under_914_m#belarus#11)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_over_3,047_m#belarus#1)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_2,438_to_3,047_m#belarus#6)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_1,524_to_2,437_m#belarus#4)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_914_to_1,523_m#belarus#9)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_under_914_m#belarus#62 {1994 est.})
(communications_telephones#belarus#1.849 million {1991 est.})
(communications_telephone_system#belarus#telephone service inadequate for the purposes of either business or the population; about 70% of the telephones are in homes; over 750,000 applications from households for telephones remain unsatisfied {1992 est.}; new investment centers on international connections and business needs)
(communications_telephone_system_domestic#belarus#the new NMT-450 analog cellular system is now operating in Minsk)
(communications_telephone_system_international#belarus#international traffic is carried by the Moscow international gateway switch and also by satellite; satellite earth stations - 1 Intelsat {through Canada} and 1 Eutelsat {through the UK})
(communications_radio_broadcast_stations#belarus#AM 35, FM 18, shortwave 0)
(communications_radios#belarus#3.17 million {1991 est.} {5,615,000 with multiple speaker systems for program diffusion})
(communications_television_broadcast_stations#belarus#2 {one national and one private; the license of the private station was suspended during the parliamentary elections of 1994})
(communications_televisions#belarus#3.5 million {1992 est.})
(defense_branches#belarus#Army, Air Force, Air Defense Force, Republic Security Forces {internal and border troops})
(defense_manpower_availability_males_age_15-49#belarus#2,635,570)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_fit_for_military_service#belarus#2,067,676)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_reach_military_age_{18}_annually#belarus#76,006 {1996 est.})
(defense_defense_expenditures#belarus#892 billion rubels, 1% of GDP {1995}; note - conversion of defense expenditures into US dollars using the current exchange rate could produce misleading results)
(geography_location#belgium#Western Europe, bordering the North Sea, between France and the Netherlands)
(geography_geographic_coordinates#belgium#50 50 N, 4 00 E)
(geography_map_references#belgium#Europe)
(geography_area_total_area#belgium#30,510 sq km)
(geography_area_land_area#belgium#30,230 sq km)
(geography_area_comparative_area#belgium#slightly larger than Maryland)
(geography_land_boundaries_total#belgium#1,385 km)
(geography_land_boundaries_border_countries#belgium#France 620 km, Germany 167 km, Luxembourg 148 km, Netherlands 450 km)
(geography_coastline#belgium#64 km)
(geography_maritime_claims_continental_shelf#belgium#median line with neighbors)
(geography_maritime_claims_exclusive_fishing_zone#belgium#median line with neighbors {extends about 68 km from coast})
(geography_maritime_claims_territorial_sea#belgium#12 nm)
(geography_international_disputes#belgium#none)
(geography_climate#belgium#temperate; mild winters, cool summers; rainy, humid, cloudy)
(geography_terrain#belgium#flat coastal plains in northwest, central rolling hills, rugged mountains of Ardennes Forest in southeast)
(geography_terrain_lowest_point#belgium#North Sea 0 m)
(geography_terrain_highest_point#belgium#Signal de Botrange 694 m)
(geography_natural_resources#belgium#coal, natural gas)
(geography_land_use_arable_land#belgium#24%)
(geography_land_use_permanent_crops#belgium#1%)
(geography_land_use_meadows_and_pastures#belgium#20%)
(geography_land_use_forest_and_woodland#belgium#21%)
(geography_land_use_other#belgium#34%)
(geography_irrigated_land#belgium#10 sq km {1989 est.})
(geography_environment_current_issues#belgium#Meuse River, a major source of drinking water, polluted from steel production wastes; other rivers polluted by animal wastes and fertilizers; industrial air pollution contributes to acid rain in neighboring countries)
(geography_environment_natural_hazards#belgium#flooding is a threat in areas of reclaimed coastal land, protected from the sea by concrete dikes)
(geography_environment_international_agreements#belgium#party to - Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Sulphur 85, Antarctic Treaty, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Wetlands; signed, but not ratified - Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Sulphur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Law of the Sea)
(geography_geographic_note#belgium#crossroads of Western Europe; majority of West European capitals within 1,000 km of Brussels which is the seat of the EU)
(people_population#belgium#10,170,241 {July 1996 est.})
(people_age_structure_0-14_years#belgium#18% {male 930,919; female 886,632})
(people_age_structure_15-64_years#belgium#66% {male 3,380,105; female 3,326,853})
(people_age_structure_65_years_and_over#belgium#16% {male 663,760; female 981,972} {July 1996 est.})
(people_population_growth_rate#belgium#0.33% {1996 est.})
(people_birth_rate#belgium#12 births/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_death_rate#belgium#10.3 deaths/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_net_migration_rate#belgium#1.63 migrant{s}/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_sex_ratio_at_birth#belgium#1.06 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_under_15_years#belgium#1.05 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_15-64_years#belgium#1.02 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_65_years_and_over#belgium#0.68 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_all_ages#belgium#0.96 male{s}/female {1996 est.})
(people_infant_mortality_rate#belgium#6.4 deaths/1,000 live births {1996 est.})
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_total_population#belgium#77.09 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_male#belgium#73.86 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_female#belgium#80.51 years {1996 est.})
(people_total_fertility_rate#belgium#1.69 children born/woman {1996 est.})
(people_nationality_noun#belgium#Belgian{s})
(people_nationality_adjective#belgium#Belgian)
(people_ethnic_divisions#belgium#Fleming 55%, Walloon 33%, mixed or other 12%)
(people_religions#belgium#Roman Catholic 75%, Protestant or other 25%)
(people_languages#belgium#Dutch 56%, French 32%, German 1%, legally bilingual 11% {divided along ethnic lines})
(people_literacy#belgium#age 15 and over can read and write {1980 est.})
(people_literacy_total_population#belgium#99%)
(people_literacy_male#belgium#NA%)
(people_literacy_female#belgium#NA%)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_long_form#belgium#Kingdom of Belgium)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_short_form#belgium#Belgium)
(government_name_of_country_local_long_form#belgium#Royaume de Belgique)
(government_name_of_country_local_short_form#belgium#Belgique)
(government_data_code#belgium#BE)
(government_type_of_government#belgium#constitutional monarchy)
(government_capital#belgium#Brussels)
(government_administrative_divisions#belgium#9 provinces {French: provinces, singular - province; Flemish: provincien, singular - provincie}; Antwerpen, Brabant, Hainaut, Liege, Limburg, Luxembourg, Namur, Oost-Vlaanderen, West-Vlaanderen)
(government_administrative_divisions_note#belgium#constitutional reforms passed by Parliament in 1993 increased the number of provinces to 10 by splitting the province of Brabant into two new provinces, Flemish Brabant and Walloon Brabant)
(government_independence#belgium#4 October 1830 {from the Netherlands})
(government_national_holiday#belgium#National Day, 21 July {ascension of King LEOPOLD to the throne in 1831})
(government_constitution#belgium#7 February 1831, last revised 14 July 1993; parliament approved a constitutional package creating a federal state)
(government_legal_system#belgium#civil law system influenced by English constitutional theory; judicial review of legislative acts; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations)
(government_suffrage#belgium#18 years of age; universal and compulsory)
(government_executive_branch_chief_of_state#belgium#King ALBERT II {since 9 August 1993} is a constitutional monarch)
(government_executive_branch_head_of_government#belgium#Prime Minister Jean-Luc DEHAENE {since 6 March 1992} was appointed by the king and then approved by Parliament)
(government_executive_branch_cabinet#belgium#Cabinet is appointed by the king and approved by Parliament)
(government_legislative_branch#belgium#bicameral Parliament)
(government_senate_{flemish_-_senaat,_french_-_senat}#belgium#elections last held 21 May 1995 {next to be held by the end of 1999}; results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - {71 total, 40 directly elected; 31 will be indirectly elected at a later date} CVP 7, SP 6, VLD 6, VU 2, AGALEV 1, VB 3, PS 5, PRL 5, PSC 3, ECOLO 2; note - before the 1995 elections, there were 184 seats)
(government_chamber_of_deputies{flemish_-_kamer_van_volksvertegenwoordigers,_french_-_chambre_des_represen_tants}#belgium#elections last held 21 May 1995 {next to be held by the end of 1999}; results - CVP 17.2%, PS 11.9%, SP 12.6%, VLD 13.1%, PRL 10.3%, PSC 7.7%, VB 7.8%, VU 4.7%, ECOLO 4.0%, AGALEV 4.4%, FN 2.3%; seats - {150 total} CVP 29, PS 21, SP 20, VLD 21, PRL 18, PSC 12, VB 11, VU 5, ECOLO 6, AGALEV 5, FN 2; note - before the 1995 elections, there were 212 seats)
(government_judicial_branch#belgium#Supreme Court of Justice {Flemish - Hof van Cassatie, French - Cour de Cassation}, judges are appointed for life by the Belgian monarch)
(government_political_parties_and_leaders#belgium#Flemish Christian Democrats {CVP - Christian People's Party}, Johan VAN HECKE, president; Francophone Christian Democrats {PSC - Social Christian Party}, Gerard DEPREZ, president; Flemish Socialist Party {SP}, Louis TOBBACK, president; Francophone Socialist Party {PS}, Philippe BUSQUIN, president; Flemish Liberal Democrats {VLD}, Herman DE CROO, president; Francophone Liberal Reformation Party {PRL}, Louis MICHEL, president; Francophone Democratic Front {FDF}, Olivier MAINGAIN, president; Volksunie {VU}, Bert ANCIAUX, president; Vlaams Blok {VB}, Karel DILLEN, chairman; National Front {FN}, Daniel FERET, president; AGALEV {Flemish Greens}, no president; ECOLO {Francophone Greens}, no president; other minor parties)
(government_other_political_or_pressure_groups#belgium#Christian and Socialist Trade Unions; Federation of Belgian Industries; numerous other associations representing bankers, manufacturers, middle-class artisans, and the legal and medical professions; various organizations represent the cultural interests of Flanders and Wallonia; various peace groups such as the Flemish Action Committee Against Nuclear Weapons and Pax Christi)
(government_international_organization_participation#belgium#ACCT, AfDB, AG {observer}, AsDB, Australia Group, Benelux, BIS, CCC, CE, CERN, EBRD, ECE, EIB, ESA, EU, FAO, G- 9, G-10, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Inmarsat, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, MINURSO, MTCR, NACC, NATO, NEA, NSG, OAS {observer}, OECD, OSCE, PCA, UN, UNCRO, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNITAR, UNMOGIP, UNPROFOR, UNRWA, UNTSO, UPU, WCL, WEU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO, ZC)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_chief_of_mission#belgium#Ambassador Andre ADAM)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_chancery#belgium#3330 Garfield Street NW, Washington, DC 20008)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_telephone#belgium#[1] {202} 333-6900)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_fax#belgium#[1] {202} 333-3079)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_consulate{s}_general#belgium#Atlanta, Chicago, Los Angeles, and New York)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_chief_of_mission#belgium#Ambassador Alan J. BLINKEN)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_embassy#belgium#27 Boulevard du Regent, B-1000 Brussels)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_mailing_address#belgium#APO AE 09724, PSC 82, Box 002, Brussels)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_telephone#belgium#[32] {2} 508-2111)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_fax#belgium#[32] {2} 511-2725)
(government_flag#belgium#three equal vertical bands of black {hoist side}, yellow, and red; the design was based on the flag of France)
(economy_economic_overview#belgium#This small private enterprise economy has capitalized on its central geographic location, highly developed transport network, and diversified industrial and commercial base. Industry is concentrated mainly in the populous Flemish area in the north, although the government is encouraging reinvestment in the southern region of Walloon. With few natural resources, Belgium must import substantial quantities of raw materials and export a large volume of manufactures, making its economy unusually dependent on the state of world markets. Two-thirds of its trade is with other EU countries. The economy grew at a strong 4% annual pace during the period 1988-90, slowed to 1% in 1991-92, dropped by 1.5% in 1993, and recovered with moderate 2.3% growth in 1994 and 1995. Belgium's public debt has risen to 140% of GDP, and the government is trying to control its expenditures to bring the figure more into line with other industrialized countries.)
(economy_gdp#belgium#purchasing power parity - $197 billion {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_real_growth_rate#belgium#2.3% {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_per_capita#belgium#$19,500 {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_agriculture#belgium#2%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_industry#belgium#28%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_services#belgium#70% {1994})
(economy_inflation_rate_{consumer_prices}#belgium#1.6% {1995 est.})
(economy_labor_force#belgium#4.126 million)
(economy_labor_force_by_occupation#belgium#services 63.6%, industry 28%, construction 6.1%, agriculture 2.3% {1988})
(economy_unemployment_rate#belgium#14% {1995 est.})
(economy_budget_revenues#belgium#$NA)
(economy_budget_expenditures#belgium#$NA, including capital expenditures of $NA)
(economy_industries#belgium#engineering and metal products, motor vehicle assembly, processed food and beverages, chemicals, basic metals, textiles, glass, petroleum, coal)
(economy_industrial_production_growth_rate#belgium#NA%)
(economy_electricity_capacity#belgium#14,040,000 kW)
(economy_electricity_production#belgium#66 billion kWh)
(economy_electricity_consumption_per_capita#belgium#6,334 kWh {1993})
(economy_agriculture#belgium#sugar beets, fresh vegetables, fruits, grain, tobacco; beef, veal, pork, milk)
(economy_illicit_drugs#belgium#source of precursor chemicals for South American cocaine processors; transshipment point for cocaine entering the European market)
(economy_exports#belgium#$108 billion {f.o.b., 1994} Belgium-Luxembourg Economic Union {BLEU})
(economy_exports_commodities#belgium#iron and steel, transportation equipment, tractors, diamonds, petroleum products)
(economy_exports_partners#belgium#EU 67.2% {Germany 19%}, US 5.8%, former Communist countries 1.4% {1994})
(economy_imports#belgium#$140 billion {c.i.f., 1994} Belgium-Luxembourg Economic Union)
(economy_imports_commodities#belgium#fuels, grains, chemicals, foodstuffs)
(economy_imports_partners#belgium#EU 68% {Germany 22.1%}, US 8.8%, former Communist countries 0.8% {1994})
(economy_external_debt#belgium#$31.3 billion {1992 est.})
(economy_economic_aid_donor#belgium#ODA, $808 million {1993})
(economy_currency#belgium#1 Belgian franc {BF} = 100 centimes)
(economy_exchange_rates#belgium#Belgian francs {BF} per US$1 - 30.036 {January 1996}, 29.480 {1995}, 33.456 {1994}, 34.597 {1993}, 32.150 {1992}, 34.148 {1991})
(economy_fiscal_year#belgium#calendar year)
(transportation_railways_total#belgium#3,396 km {2,363 km electrified; 2,563 km double track})
(transportation_railways_standard_gauge#belgium#3,396 km 1.435-m gauge {1995})
(transportation_highways_total#belgium#137,876 km)
(transportation_highways_paved#belgium#129,603 km {including 1,667 km of expressways})
(transportation_highways_unpaved#belgium#8,273 km {1992 est.})
(transportation_waterways#belgium#2,043 km {1,528 km in regular commercial use})
(transportation_pipelines#belgium#crude oil 161 km; petroleum products 1,167 km; natural gas 3,300 km)
(transportation_ports#belgium#Antwerp, Brugge, Gent, Hasselt, Liege, Mons, Namur, Oostende, Zeebrugge)
(transportation_merchant_marine_total#belgium#23 ships {1,000 GRT or over} totaling 64,220 GRT/83,360 DWT)
(transportation_merchant_marine_ships_by_type#belgium#bulk 1, cargo 8, chemical tanker 5, liquefied gas tanker 3, oil tanker 6 {1995 est.})
(transportation_airports_total#belgium#42)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_over_3,047_m#belgium#6)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_2,438_to_3,047_m#belgium#9)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_1,524_to_2,437_m#belgium#2)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_914_to_1,523_m#belgium#1)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_under_914_m#belgium#21)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_914_to_1,523_m#belgium#3 {1995 est.})
(transportation_heliports#belgium#1 {1995 est.})
(communications_telephones#belgium#5.691 million {1992 est.})
(communications_telephone_system#belgium#highly developed, technologically advanced, and completely automated domestic and international telephone and telegraph facilities)
(communications_telephone_system_domestic#belgium#nationwide cellular telephone system; extensive cable network; limited microwave radio relay network)
(communications_telephone_system_international#belgium#5 submarine cables; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat {Atlantic Ocean} and 1 Eutelsat)
(communications_radio_broadcast_stations#belgium#AM 3, FM 39, shortwave 0)
(communications_radios#belgium#100,000 {1992 est.})
(communications_television_broadcast_stations#belgium#32 {1987 est.})
(communications_televisions#belgium#3,315,662 {1993 est.})
(defense_branches#belgium#Army, Navy, Air Force, National Gendarmerie)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_age_15-49#belgium#2,571,588)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_fit_for_military_service#belgium#2,135,375)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_reach_military_age_{19}_annually#belgium#61,986 {1996 est.})
(defense_defense_expenditures#belgium#exchange rate conversion - $4.6 billion, 1.7% of GDP {1995})
(geography_location#belize#Middle America, bordering the Caribbean Sea, between Guatemala and Mexico)
(geography_geographic_coordinates#belize#17 15 N, 88 45 W)
(geography_map_references#belize#Central America and the Caribbean)
(geography_area_total_area#belize#22,960 sq km)
(geography_area_land_area#belize#22,800 sq km)
(geography_area_comparative_area#belize#slightly larger than Massachusetts)
(geography_land_boundaries_total#belize#516 km)
(geography_land_boundaries_border_countries#belize#Guatemala 266 km, Mexico 250 km)
(geography_coastline#belize#386 km)
(geography_maritime_claims_exclusive_economic_zone#belize#200 nm)
(geography_maritime_claims_territorial_sea#belize#12 nm in the north, 3 nm in the south; note - from the mouth of the Sarstoon River to Ranguana Cay, Belize's territorial sea is 3 nm; according to Belize's Maritime Areas Act, 1992, the purpose of this limitation is to provide a framework for the negotiation of a definitive agreement on territorial differences with Guatemala)
(geography_international_disputes#belize#border with Guatemala in dispute; talks to resolve the dispute are stalled)
(geography_climate#belize#tropical; very hot and humid; rainy season {May to February})
(geography_terrain#belize#flat, swampy coastal plain; low mountains in south)
(geography_terrain_lowest_point#belize#Caribbean Sea 0 m)
(geography_terrain_highest_point#belize#Victoria Peak 1,160 m)
(geography_natural_resources#belize#arable land potential, timber, fish)
(geography_land_use_arable_land#belize#2%)
(geography_land_use_permanent_crops#belize#0%)
(geography_land_use_meadows_and_pastures#belize#2%)
(geography_land_use_forest_and_woodland#belize#44%)
(geography_land_use_other#belize#52%)
(geography_irrigated_land#belize#20 sq km {1989 est.})
(geography_environment_current_issues#belize#deforestation; water pollution from sewage, industrial effluents, agricultural runoff)
(geography_environment_natural_hazards#belize#frequent, devastating hurricanes {September to December} and coastal flooding {especially in south})
(geography_environment_international_agreements#belize#party to - Biodiversity, Climate Change, Endangered Species, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Whaling)
(geography_geographic_note#belize#national capital moved 80 km inland from Belize City to Belmopan because of hurricanes; only country in Central America without a coastline on the North Pacific Ocean)
(people_population#belize#219,296 {July 1996 est.})
(people_age_structure_0-14_years#belize#43% {male 48,291; female 46,451})
(people_age_structure_15-64_years#belize#53% {male 59,132; female 57,498})
(people_age_structure_65_years_and_over#belize#4% {male 3,881; female 4,043} {July 1996 est.})
(people_population_growth_rate#belize#2.42% {1996 est.})
(people_birth_rate#belize#32.8 births/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_death_rate#belize#5.73 deaths/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_net_migration_rate#belize#-2.89 migrant{s}/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_sex_ratio_at_birth#belize#1.05 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_under_15_years#belize#1.04 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_15-64_years#belize#1.03 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_65_years_and_over#belize#0.96 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_all_ages#belize#1.03 male{s}/female {1996 est.})
(people_infant_mortality_rate#belize#33.9 deaths/1,000 live births {1996 est.})
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_total_population#belize#68.53 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_male#belize#66.58 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_female#belize#70.58 years {1996 est.})
(people_total_fertility_rate#belize#4.12 children born/woman {1996 est.})
(people_nationality_noun#belize#Belizean{s})
(people_nationality_adjective#belize#Belizean)
(people_ethnic_divisions#belize#mestizo 44%, Creole 30%, Maya 11%, Garifuna 7%, other 8%)
(people_religions#belize#Roman Catholic 62%, Protestant 30% {Anglican 12%, Methodist 6%, Mennonite 4%, Seventh-Day Adventist 3%, Pentecostal 2%, Jehovah's Witnesses 1%, other 2%}, none 2%, other 6% {1980})
(people_languages#belize#English {official}, Spanish, Mayan, Garifuna {Carib})
(people_literacy#belize#age 14 and over has ever attended school {1991 est.})
(people_literacy_total_population#belize#70.3%)
(people_literacy_male#belize#70.3%)
(people_literacy_female#belize#70.3%)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_long_form#belize#none)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_short_form#belize#Belize)
(government_name_of_country_former#belize#British Honduras)
(government_data_code#belize#BH)
(government_type_of_government#belize#parliamentary democracy)
(government_capital#belize#Belmopan)
(government_administrative_divisions#belize#6 districts; Belize, Cayo, Corozal, Orange Walk, Stann Creek, Toledo)
(government_independence#belize#21 September 1981 {from UK})
(government_national_holiday#belize#Independence Day, 21 September {1981})
(government_constitution#belize#21 September 1981)
(government_legal_system#belize#English law)
(government_suffrage#belize#18 years of age; universal)
(government_executive_branch_chief_of_state#belize#Queen ELIZABETH II {since 6 February 1952}, a hereditary monarch, is represented by Governor General Sir Colville YOUNG {since 17 November 1993}, who, according to the constitution, must be a Belizean; was appointed by the queen)
(government_executive_branch_head_of_government#belize#Prime Minister Manuel ESQUIVEL {since July 1993} was appointed by the governor general; Deputy Prime Minister Dean BARROW {since NA 1993})
(government_executive_branch_cabinet#belize#Cabinet was appointed by the governor general on the advice of the prime minister)
(government_legislative_branch#belize#bicameral National Assembly)
(government_senate#belize#consists of an eight-member appointed body; five members are appointed on the advice of the prime minister, two on the advice of the leader of the opposition, and one after consultation with the Belize Advisory Council {this council serves as an independent body to advise the governor general with respect to difficult decisions such as granting pardons, commutations, stays of execution, the removal of justices of appeal who appear to be incompetent, etc.})
(government_national_assembly#belize#elections last held 30 June 1993 {next to be held NA June 1998}; results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - {28 total} PUP 13 UDP 15)
(government_judicial_branch#belize#Supreme Court, the chief justice is appointed by the governor general on advice of the prime minister)
(government_political_parties_and_leaders#belize#People's United Party {PUP}, George PRICE, Florencio MARIN, Said MUSA; United Democratic Party {UDP}, Manuel ESQUIVEL, Dean LINDO, Dean BARROW; National Alliance for Belizean Rights, Philip GOLDSON)
(government_other_political_or_pressure_groups#belize#Society for the Promotion of Education and Research {SPEAR}, Assad SHOMAN; United Workers Front, leader NA)
(government_international_organization_participation#belize#ACP, C, Caricom, CDB, ECLAC, FAO, G-77, IADB, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Intelsat {nonsignatory user}, Interpol, IOC, IOM {observer}, ITU, LAES, NAM, OAS, OPANAL, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNMIH, UPU, WCL, WHO, WMO, WTrO)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_chief_of_mission#belize#Ambassador Dean R. LINDO)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_chancery#belize#2535 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_telephone#belize#[1] {202} 332-9636)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_fax#belize#[1] {202} 332-6888)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_consulate{s}_general#belize#Los Angeles)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_consulate{s}#belize#New York)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_chief_of_mission#belize#Ambassador George Charles BRUNO)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_embassy#belize#Gabourel Lane and Hutson Street, Belize City)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_mailing_address#belize#P. O. Box 286, Belize City; APO: Unit 7401, APO AA 34025)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_telephone#belize#[501] {2} 77161 through 77163)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_fax#belize#[501] {2} 30802)
(government_flag#belize#blue with a narrow red stripe along the top and the bottom edges; centered is a large white disk bearing the coat of arms; the coat of arms features a shield flanked by two workers in front of a mahogany tree with the related motto SUB UMBRA FLOREO {I Flourish in the Shade} on a scroll at the bottom, all encircled by a green garland)
(economy_economic_overview#belize#The small, essentially private enterprise economy is based primarily on agriculture, agro-based industry, and merchandising, with tourism and construction assuming increasing importance. Agriculture accounts for about 30% of GDP and provides 75% of export earnings, while sugar, the chief crop, accounts for almost 40% of hard currency earnings. The US, Belize's main trading partner, is assisting in efforts to reduce dependency on sugar with an agricultural diversification program.)
(economy_gdp#belize#purchasing power parity - $575 million {1994 est.})
(economy_gdp_real_growth_rate#belize#2% {1994 est.})
(economy_gdp_per_capita#belize#$2,750 {1994 est.})
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_agriculture#belize#30%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_industry#belize#NA)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_services#belize#NA {1995 est.})
(economy_inflation_rate_{consumer_prices}#belize#2.3% {1994 est.})
(economy_labor_force#belize#51,500)
(economy_labor_force_by_occupation#belize#agriculture 30%, services 16%, government 15.4%, commerce 11.2%, manufacturing 10.3%)
(economy_labor_force_note#belize#shortage of skilled labor and all types of technical personnel {1985})
(economy_unemployment_rate#belize#10% {1993 est.})
(economy_budget_revenues#belize#$126.8 million)
(economy_budget_expenditures#belize#$123.1 million, including capital expenditures of $44.8 million {FY90/91 est.})
(economy_industries#belize#garment production, food processing, tourism, construction)
(economy_industrial_production_growth_rate#belize#3.7% {1990})
(economy_electricity_capacity#belize#34,532 kW)
(economy_electricity_production#belize#110 million kWh)
(economy_electricity_consumption_per_capita#belize#490 kWh {1993})
(economy_agriculture#belize#bananas, coca, citrus, sugarcane; lumber; fish, cultured shrimp)
(economy_illicit_drugs#belize#transshipment point for cocaine; an illicit producer of cannabis for the international drug trade; minor money-laundering center)
(economy_exports#belize#$115 million {f.o.b., 1993})
(economy_exports_commodities#belize#sugar, citrus fruits, bananas, clothing, fish products, molasses, wood)
(economy_exports_partners#belize#US 38%, UK, other EC {1994})
(economy_imports#belize#$281 million {c.i.f., 1993})
(economy_imports_commodities#belize#machinery and transportation equipment, food, manufactured goods, fuels, chemicals, pharmaceuticals)
(economy_imports_partners#belize#US 53%, UK, other EC, Mexico {1994})
(economy_external_debt#belize#$167.5 million {1992})
(economy_economic_aid_recipient#belize#ODA, $NA)
(economy_currency#belize#1 Belizean dollar {Bz$} = 100 cents)
(economy_exchange_rates#belize#Belizean dollars {Bz$} per US$1 - 2.00 {fixed rate})
(economy_fiscal_year#belize#1 April - 31 March)
(transportation_railways#belize#0 km)
(transportation_highways_total#belize#2,560 km)
(transportation_highways_paved#belize#336 km)
(transportation_highways_unpaved#belize#2,224 km {1987 est.})
(transportation_waterways#belize#825 km river network used by shallow-draft craft; seasonally navigable)
(transportation_ports#belize#Belize City, Big Creek, Corozol, Punta Gorda)
(transportation_merchant_marine_total#belize#89 ships {1,000 GRT or over} totaling 311,731 GRT/470,272 DWT)
(transportation_merchant_marine_ships_by_type#belize#bulk 9, cargo 60, container 6, liquefied gas tanker 1, oil tanker 3, refrigerated cargo 4, roll-on/roll-off cargo 4, specialized tanker 1, vehicle carrier 1 {1995 est.})
(transportation_airports_total#belize#35)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_1,524_to_2,437_m#belize#1)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_under_914_m#belize#25)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_2,438_to_3,047_m#belize#1)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_914_to_1,523_m#belize#8 {1995 est.})
(communications_telephones#belize#15,917 {1990 est.})
(communications_telephone_system#belize#above-average system)
(communications_telephone_system_domestic#belize#trunk network depends primarily on microwave radio relay)
(communications_telephone_system_international#belize#satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat {Atlantic Ocean})
(communications_radio_broadcast_stations#belize#AM 6, FM 5, shortwave 1)
(communications_radios#belize#NA)
(communications_television_broadcast_stations#belize#1)
(communications_televisions#belize#27,048 {1993 est.})
(defense_branches#belize#Belize Defense Force {includes Army, Navy, Air Force, and Volunteer Guard}, Belize National Police)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_age_15-49#belize#52,290)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_fit_for_military_service#belize#31,086)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_reach_military_age_{18}_annually#belize#2,390 {1996 est.})
(defense_defense_expenditures#belize#exchange rate conversion - $8.1 million, NA% of GDP {FY95/96})
(geography_location#benin#Western Africa, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean, between Nigeria and Togo)
(geography_geographic_coordinates#benin#9 30 N, 2 15 E)
(geography_map_references#benin#Africa)
(geography_area_total_area#benin#112,620 sq km)
(geography_area_land_area#benin#110,620 sq km)
(geography_area_comparative_area#benin#slightly smaller than Pennsylvania)
(geography_land_boundaries_total#benin#1,989 km)
(geography_land_boundaries_border_countries#benin#Burkina Faso 306 km, Niger 266 km, Nigeria 773 km, Togo 644 km)
(geography_coastline#benin#121 km)
(geography_maritime_claims_territorial_sea#benin#200 nm)
(geography_international_disputes#benin#none)
(geography_climate#benin#tropical; hot, humid in south; semiarid in north)
(geography_terrain#benin#mostly flat to undulating plain; some hills and low mountains)
(geography_terrain_lowest_point#benin#Atlantic Ocean 0 m)
(geography_terrain_highest_point#benin#Mount Tanekas 641 m)
(geography_natural_resources#benin#small offshore oil deposits, limestone, marble, timber)
(geography_land_use_arable_land#benin#12%)
(geography_land_use_permanent_crops#benin#4%)
(geography_land_use_meadows_and_pastures#benin#4%)
(geography_land_use_forest_and_woodland#benin#35%)
(geography_land_use_other#benin#45%)
(geography_irrigated_land#benin#60 sq km {1989 est.})
(geography_environment_current_issues#benin#recent droughts have severely affected marginal agriculture in north; inadequate supplies of potable water; poaching threatens wildlife populations; deforestation; desertification)
(geography_environment_natural_hazards#benin#hot, dry, dusty harmattan wind may affect north in winter)
(geography_environment_international_agreements#benin#party to - Biodiversity, Climate Change, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection; signed, but not ratified - Desertification, Law of the Sea)
(geography_geographic_note#benin#no natural harbors)
(people_population#benin#5,709,529 {July 1996 est.})
(people_age_structure_0-14_years#benin#48% {male 1,376,531; female 1,367,394})
(people_age_structure_15-64_years#benin#50% {male 1,349,386; female 1,480,251})
(people_age_structure_65_years_and_over#benin#2% {male 60,030; female 75,937} {July 1996 est.})
(people_population_growth_rate#benin#3.32% {1996 est.})
(people_birth_rate#benin#46.76 births/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_death_rate#benin#13.53 deaths/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_net_migration_rate#benin#0 migrant{s}/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_sex_ratio_at_birth#benin#1.03 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_under_15_years#benin#1.01 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_15-64_years#benin#0.91 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_65_years_and_over#benin#0.79 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_all_ages#benin#0.95 male{s}/female {1996 est.})
(people_infant_mortality_rate#benin#105.1 deaths/1,000 live births {1996 est.})
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_total_population#benin#52.69 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_male#benin#50.74 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_female#benin#54.7 years {1996 est.})
(people_total_fertility_rate#benin#6.64 children born/woman {1996 est.})
(people_nationality_noun#benin#Beninese {singular and plural})
(people_nationality_adjective#benin#Beninese)
(people_ethnic_divisions#benin#African 99% {42 ethnic groups, most important being Fon, Adja, Yoruba, Bariba}, Europeans 5,500)
(people_religions#benin#indigenous beliefs 70%, Muslim 15%, Christian 15%)
(people_languages#benin#French {official}, Fon and Yoruba {most common vernaculars in south}, tribal languages {at least six major ones in north})
(people_literacy#benin#age 15 and over can read and write {1995 est.})
(people_literacy_total_population#benin#37%)
(people_literacy_male#benin#48.7%)
(people_literacy_female#benin#25.8%)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_long_form#benin#Republic of Benin)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_short_form#benin#Benin)
(government_name_of_country_local_long_form#benin#Republique du Benin)
(government_name_of_country_local_short_form#benin#Benin)
(government_name_of_country_former#benin#Dahomey)
(government_data_code#benin#BN)
(government_type_of_government#benin#republic under multiparty democratic rule dropped Marxism-Leninism December 1989; democratic reforms adopted February 1990; transition to multiparty system completed 4 April 1991)
(government_capital#benin#Porto-Novo)
(government_administrative_divisions#benin#6 provinces; Atakora, Atlantique, Borgou, Mono, Oueme, Zou)
(government_independence#benin#1 August 1960 {from France})
(government_national_holiday#benin#National Day, 1 August {1990})
(government_constitution#benin#2 December 1990)
(government_legal_system#benin#based on French civil law and customary law; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction)
(government_suffrage#benin#18 years of age; universal)
(government_executive_branch_chief_of_state_and_head_of_government#benin#President Mathieu KEREKOU {since 4 April 1996} was elected for a five-year term by popular vote; election last held 18 March 1996 {next to be held March 2001}; results - Mathieu KEREKOU 52.49%, Nicephore SOGLO 47.51%)
(government_executive_branch_cabinet#benin#Executive Council, appointed by the president)
(government_legislative_branch#benin#unicameral)
(government_national_assembly_{assemblee_nationale}#benin#elections last held 28 March 1995 {next to be held NA}; results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - {83 total} Renaissance Party and allies 20, PRD 19, FARD-ALAFIA 10, PSD 7, NCC 3, RDL-VIVOTEN 3, Communist Party 2, Alliance Chameleon 1, RDP 1, ADP 1, other 16)
(government_judicial_branch#benin#Supreme Court {Cour Supreme})
(government_political_parties_and_leaders#benin#as of February 1996, more than 80 political parties were officially recognized; the following are represented in the National Assembly: Alliance of the National Party for Democracy and Development {PNDD} and the Democratic Renewal Party {PRD}, Pascal Chabi KAO; Action for Renewal and Development {FARD-ALAFIA}, Mathieu KEREKOU; Alliance of the Social Democratic Party {PSD} and the National Union for Solidarity and Progress {UNSP}, Bruno AMOUSSOU; Alliance Chameleon; Alliance for Democracy and Progress {ADP}, Adekpedjon AKINDES; Alliance for Social Democracy {ASD}, Robert DOSSOU; Assembly of Liberal Democrats for National Reconstruction {RDL}, Severin ADJOVI; Communist Party of Benin, Pascal FATONDJI, First Secretary; Our Common Cause {NCC}, Albert TEVOEDJRE; Rally for Democracy and Progress {RDP}; The Renaissance Party, Nicephore SOGLO)
(government_international_organization_participation#benin#ACCT, ACP, AfDB, ECA, ECOWAS, Entente, FAO, FZ, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, ITU, NAM, OAU, OIC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNMIH, UPU, WADB, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_chief_of_mission#benin#Ambassador Lucien Edgar TONOUKOUIN)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_chancery#benin#2737 Cathedral Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_telephone#benin#[1] {202} 232-6656, 6657, 6658)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_fax#benin#[1] {202} 265-1996)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_chief_of_mission#benin#Ambassador John M. YATES)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_embassy#benin#Rue Caporal Bernard Anani, Cotonou)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_mailing_address#benin#B. P. 2012, Cotonou)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_telephone#benin#[229] 30-06-50, 30-05-13, 30-17-92)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_fax#benin#[229] 30-14-39, 30-19-74)
(government_flag#benin#two equal horizontal bands of yellow {top} and red with a vertical green band on the hoist side)
(economy_economic_overview#benin#The economy of Benin remains underdeveloped and dependent on subsistence agriculture, cotton production, and regional trade. Growth in real output, which had averaged a sound 4% in 1990-94, rose to 6% in 1995. Rapid population growth, now 3.3% per year, offset much of this growth in output. Inflation jumped to 55% in 1994 {compared to 3% in 1993} following the 50% currency devaluation in January 1994, but subsided gradually in 1995. Commercial and transport activities, which make up 37% of GDP, are extremely vulnerable to developments in Nigeria as evidenced by decreased reexport trade in 1994 due to a severe contraction in Nigerian demand. Support by the Paris Club and official bilateral creditors has eased the external debt situation in recent years. The government, still burdened with money-losing state enterprises and a bloated civil service, has been gradually implementing a World Bank supported structural adjustment program since 1991.)
(economy_gdp#benin#purchasing power parity - $7.6 billion {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_real_growth_rate#benin#6% {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_per_capita#benin#$1,380 {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_agriculture#benin#36.8%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_industry#benin#12.6%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_services#benin#50.6% {1993})
(economy_inflation_rate_{consumer_prices}#benin#55% {1994 est.})
(economy_labor_force#benin#1.9 million {1987})
(economy_labor_force_by_occupation#benin#agriculture 60%, transport, commerce, and public services 38%, industry less than 2%)
(economy_unemployment_rate#benin#NA%)
(economy_budget_revenues#benin#$272 million {1993 est.})
(economy_budget_expenditures#benin#$375 million, including capital expenditures of $84 million {1993 est.})
(economy_industries#benin#textiles, cigarettes; beverages, food; construction materials, petroleum)
(economy_industrial_production_growth_rate#benin#NA%)
(economy_electricity_capacity#benin#30,000 kW)
(economy_electricity_production#benin#10 million kWh)
(economy_electricity_consumption_per_capita#benin#25 kWh {1993})
(economy_agriculture#benin#corn, sorghum, cassava {tapioca}, yams, beans, rice, cotton, palm oil, peanuts; poultry, livestock)
(economy_illicit_drugs#benin#transshipment point for narcotics associated with Nigerian trafficking organizations and most commonly destined for Western Europe and the US)
(economy_exports#benin#$310 million {f.o.b., 1994 est.})
(economy_exports_commodities#benin#cotton, crude oil, palm products, cocoa)
(economy_exports_partners#benin#France, Morocco 37%, Portugal 14%, Spain, Italy, UK, US, Libya)
(economy_imports#benin#$439 million {c.i.f., 1994 est.})
(economy_imports_commodities#benin#foodstuffs, beverages, tobacco, petroleum products, intermediate goods, capital goods, light consumer goods)
(economy_imports_partners#benin#France 24%, Thailand 12%, Netherlands 7%, US 5%, China, Hong Kong)
(economy_external_debt#benin#$1.5 billion {1993 est.})
(economy_economic_aid_recipient#benin#ODA, $NA)
(economy_currency#benin#1 Communaute Financiere Africaine franc {CFAF} = 100 centimes)
(economy_exchange_rates#benin#CFA francs {CFAF} per US$1 - 500.56 {January 1996}, 499.15 {1995}, 555.20 {1994}, 283.16 {1993}, 264.69 {1992}, 282.11 {1991})
(economy_exchange_rates_note#benin#beginning 12 January 1994 the CFA franc was devalued to CFAF 100 per French franc from CFAF 50 at which it had been fixed since 1948)
(economy_fiscal_year#benin#calendar year)
(transportation_railways_total#benin#578 km {single track} {1995 est.})
(transportation_railways_narrow_gauge#benin#578 km 1.000-m gauge)
(transportation_highways_total#benin#6,070 km)
(transportation_highways_paved#benin#1,214 km)
(transportation_highways_unpaved#benin#4,856 km {1992 est.})
(transportation_waterways#benin#navigable along small sections, important only locally)
(transportation_ports#benin#Cotonou, Porto-Novo)
(transportation_merchant_marine#benin#none)
(transportation_airports_total#benin#5)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_2,438_to_3,047_m#benin#2)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_1,524_to_2,437_m#benin#1)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_914_to_1,523_m#benin#2 {1995 est.})
(communications_telephones#benin#16,200 {1986 est.})
(communications_telephone_system_domestic#benin#fair system of open wire and microwave radio relay)
(communications_telephone_system_international#benin#satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat {Atlantic Ocean}; submarine cable)
(communications_radio_broadcast_stations#benin#AM 2, FM 2, shortwave 0)
(communications_radios#benin#NA)
(communications_television_broadcast_stations#benin#2)
(communications_televisions#benin#20,000 {1993 est.})
(defense_branches#benin#Armed Forces {includes Army, Navy, Air Force}, National Gendarmerie)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_age_15-49#benin#1,212,440)
(defense_manpower_availability_females_age_15-49#benin#1,290,773)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_fit_for_military_service#benin#620,923)
(defense_manpower_availability_females_fit_for_military_service#benin#653,094)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_reach_military_age_{18}_annually#benin#62,526)
(defense_manpower_availability_females_reach_military_age_{18}_annually#benin#60,968 {1996 est.})
(defense_manpower_availability_note#benin#both sexes are liable for military service)
(defense_defense_expenditures#benin#exchange rate conversion - $33 million, 3.2% of GDP {1994})
(header_affiliation#bermuda#{dependent territory of the UK})
(geography_location#bermuda#North America, group of islands in the North Atlantic Ocean, east of North Carolina {US})
(geography_geographic_coordinates#bermuda#32 20 N, 64 45 W)
(geography_map_references#bermuda#North America)
(geography_area_total_area#bermuda#50 sq km)
(geography_area_land_area#bermuda#50 sq km)
(geography_area_comparative_area#bermuda#about 0.3 times the size of Washington, DC)
(geography_land_boundaries#bermuda#0 km)
(geography_coastline#bermuda#103 km)
(geography_maritime_claims_exclusive_fishing_zone#bermuda#200 nm)
(geography_maritime_claims_territorial_sea#bermuda#12 nm)
(geography_international_disputes#bermuda#none)
(geography_climate#bermuda#subtropical; mild, humid; gales, strong winds common in winter)
(geography_terrain#bermuda#low hills separated by fertile depressions)
(geography_terrain_lowest_point#bermuda#Atlantic Ocean 0 m)
(geography_terrain_highest_point#bermuda#Town Hill 76 m)
(geography_natural_resources#bermuda#limestone, pleasant climate fostering tourism)
(geography_land_use_arable_land#bermuda#0%)
(geography_land_use_permanent_crops#bermuda#0%)
(geography_land_use_meadows_and_pastures#bermuda#0%)
(geography_land_use_forest_and_woodland#bermuda#20%)
(geography_land_use_other#bermuda#80%)
(geography_irrigated_land#bermuda#NA sq km)
(geography_environment_current_issues#bermuda#NA)
(geography_environment_natural_hazards#bermuda#hurricanes {June to November})
(geography_environment_international_agreements#bermuda#NA)
(geography_geographic_note#bermuda#consists of about 360 small coral islands with ample rainfall, but no rivers or freshwater lakes; some reclaimed land leased by US Government)
(people_population#bermuda#62,099 {July 1996 est.})
(people_age_structure_0-14_years#bermuda#NA)
(people_age_structure_15-64_years#bermuda#NA)
(people_age_structure_65_years_and_over#bermuda#NA)
(people_population_growth_rate#bermuda#0.76% {1996 est.})
(people_birth_rate#bermuda#15 births/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_death_rate#bermuda#7.3 deaths/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_net_migration_rate#bermuda#-0.13 migrant{s}/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_sex_ratio_at_birth#bermuda#NA male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_under_15_years#bermuda#NA male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_15-64_years#bermuda#NA male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_65_years_and_over#bermuda#NA male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_all_ages#bermuda#NA male{s}/female)
(people_infant_mortality_rate#bermuda#13.16 deaths/1,000 live births {1996 est.})
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_total_population#bermuda#75.03 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_male#bermuda#73.36 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_female#bermuda#76.97 years {1996 est.})
(people_total_fertility_rate#bermuda#1.8 children born/woman {1996 est.})
(people_nationality_noun#bermuda#Bermudian{s})
(people_nationality_adjective#bermuda#Bermudian)
(people_ethnic_divisions#bermuda#black 61%, white and other 39%)
(people_religions#bermuda#Anglican 37%, Roman Catholic 14%, African Methodist Episcopal {Zion} 10%, Methodist 6%, Seventh-Day Adventist 5%, other 28%)
(people_languages#bermuda#English)
(people_literacy#bermuda#age 15 and over can read and write {1970 est.})
(people_literacy_total_population#bermuda#98%)
(people_literacy_male#bermuda#98%)
(people_literacy_female#bermuda#99%)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_long_form#bermuda#none)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_short_form#bermuda#Bermuda)
(government_data_code#bermuda#BD)
(government_type_of_government#bermuda#dependent territory of the UK)
(government_capital#bermuda#Hamilton)
(government_administrative_divisions#bermuda#9 parishes and 2 municipalities*; Devonshire, Hamilton, Hamilton*, Paget, Pembroke, Saint George*, Saint Georges, Sandys, Smiths, Southampton, Warwick)
(government_independence#bermuda#none {dependent territory of the UK})
(government_national_holiday#bermuda#Bermuda Day, 24 May)
(government_constitution#bermuda#8 June 1968)
(government_legal_system#bermuda#English law)
(government_suffrage#bermuda#18 years of age; universal)
(government_executive_branch_chief_of_state#bermuda#Queen ELIZABETH II {of the United Kingdom since 6 February 1952}, a hereditary monarch, is represented by Governor Lord David WADDINGTON {since 25 August 1992}, who was appointed by the queen)
(government_executive_branch_head_of_government#bermuda#Premier David SAUL {since 25 August 1995} was appointed by the governor; Deputy Premier Jerome DILL {since 1 September 1995})
(government_executive_branch_cabinet#bermuda#Cabinet was nominated by the premier, appointed by the governor)
(government_legislative_branch#bermuda#bicameral Parliament)
(government_senate#bermuda#consists of an 11-member body appointed by the governor)
(government_house_of_assembly#bermuda#elections last held 5 October 1993 {next to be held by NA October 1998}; results - UBP 50%, PLP 46%, independents 4%; seats - {40 total} UBP 22, PLP 18)
(government_judicial_branch#bermuda#Supreme Court)
(government_political_parties_and_leaders#bermuda#United Bermuda Party {UBP}, David SAUL; Progressive Labor Party {PLP}, Frederick WADE; National Liberal Party {NLP}, Gilbert DARRELL)
(government_other_political_or_pressure_groups#bermuda#Bermuda Industrial Union {BIU}, Ottiwell SIMMONS)
(government_international_organization_participation#bermuda#Caricom {observer}, CCC, ICFTU, Interpol {subbureau}, IOC)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us#bermuda#none {dependent territory of the UK})
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_chief_of_mission#bermuda#Ambassador Robert A. FARMER)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_consulate_general{s}#bermuda#Crown Hill, 16 Middle Road, Devonshire, Hamilton)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_mailing_address#bermuda#P. O. Box HM325, Hamilton HMBX; American Consulate General Hamilton, Department of State, Washington, DC 20521-5300)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_telephone#bermuda#[1] {441} 295-1342)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_fax#bermuda#[1] {441} 295-1592)
(government_flag#bermuda#red with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side quadrant and the Bermudian coat of arms {white and blue shield with a red lion holding a scrolled shield showing the sinking of the ship Sea Venture off Bermuda in 1609} centered on the outer half of the flag)
(economy_economic_overview#bermuda#Bermuda enjoys one of the highest per capita incomes in the world, having successfully exploited its location by providing luxury tourist facilities and financial services. The tourist industry attracts more than 90% of its business from North America. The industrial sector is small, and agriculture is severely limited by a lack of suitable land. About 80% of food needs are imported. International business contributes over 60% of Bermuda's economic output; a failed independence vote in late 1995 can be partially attributed to Bermudian's fear of scaring away foreign firms. Hurricane Felix, which hit Bermuda twice over three days, caused an estimated $2.5 million in damages in August of 1995.)
(economy_gdp#bermuda#purchasing power parity - $1.7 billion {1994 est.})
(economy_gdp_real_growth_rate#bermuda#2.5% {1994 est.})
(economy_gdp_per_capita#bermuda#$28,000 {1994 est.})
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_agriculture#bermuda#NA%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_industry#bermuda#NA%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_services#bermuda#NA%)
(economy_inflation_rate_{consumer_prices}#bermuda#2.6% {1995 est.})
(economy_labor_force#bermuda#33,650 {1992})
(economy_labor_force_by_occupation#bermuda#clerical 25%, services 22%, laborers 21%, professional and technical 13%, administrative and managerial 10%, sales 7%, agriculture and fishing 2% {1984})
(economy_unemployment_rate#bermuda#NEGL% {1995})
(economy_budget_revenues#bermuda#$327.5 million)
(economy_budget_expenditures#bermuda#$308.9 million, including capital expenditures of $35.4 million {FY90/91 est.})
(economy_industries#bermuda#tourism, finance, structural concrete products, paints, pharmaceuticals, ship repairing)
(economy_industrial_production_growth_rate#bermuda#NA%)
(economy_electricity_capacity#bermuda#140,000 kW)
(economy_electricity_production#bermuda#504 million kWh)
(economy_electricity_consumption_per_capita#bermuda#7,745 kWh {1993})
(economy_agriculture#bermuda#bananas, vegetables, citrus, flowers; dairy products)
(economy_exports#bermuda#$60 million {f.o.b., 1991})
(economy_exports_commodities#bermuda#semitropical produce, light manufactures, reexports of pharmaceuticals)
(economy_exports_partners#bermuda#US 62.4%, UK 20%)
(economy_imports#bermuda#$519 million {f.o.b., 1993})
(economy_imports_commodities#bermuda#fuel, foodstuffs, machinery)
(economy_imports_partners#bermuda#US 38%, UK 5%, Canada 5%)
(economy_external_debt#bermuda#$NA)
(economy_economic_aid#bermuda#$NA)
(economy_currency#bermuda#1 Bermudian dollar {Bd$} = 100 cents)
(economy_exchange_rates#bermuda#Bermudian dollar {Bd$} per US$1 - 1.0000 {fixed rate})
(economy_fiscal_year#bermuda#1 April - 31 March)
(transportation_railways#bermuda#0 km)
(transportation_highways_total#bermuda#208 km)
(transportation_highways_paved#bermuda#208 km)
(transportation_highways_unpaved#bermuda#0 km {1986 est.})
(transportation_highways_note#bermuda#in addition, there are 400 km of paved and unpaved roads that are privately owned)
(transportation_ports#bermuda#Hamilton, Saint George)
(transportation_merchant_marine_total#bermuda#69 ships {1,000 GRT or over} totaling 3,146,693 GRT/5,007,242 DWT)
(transportation_merchant_marine_ships_by_type#bermuda#bulk 10, cargo 3, container 7, liquefied gas tanker 16, oil tanker 16, refrigerated cargo 10, roll-on/roll-off cargo 4, short-sea passenger 1, specialized tanker 1, vehicle carrier 1)
(transportation_merchant_marine_note#bermuda#a flag of convenience registry; includes ships from 11 countries among which are UK 17, US 13, Canada 10, Norway 9, Nigeria 4, Sweden 3, Hong Kong 2, Syria 2, Mexico 1, and NZ 1 {1995 est.})
(transportation_airports_total#bermuda#1)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_2,438_to_3,047_m#bermuda#1 {1995 est.})
(communications_telephones#bermuda#54,000 {1991 est.})
(communications_telephone_system_domestic#bermuda#modern, fully automatic telephone system)
(communications_telephone_system_international#bermuda#3 submarine cables; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat {Atlantic Ocean})
(communications_radio_broadcast_stations#bermuda#AM 5, FM 3, shortwave 0)
(communications_radios#bermuda#78,000 {1992 est.})
(communications_television_broadcast_stations#bermuda#2)
(communications_televisions#bermuda#57,000 {1992 est.})
(defense_branches#bermuda#Bermuda Regiment, Bermuda Police Force, Bermuda Reserve Constabulary)
(defense_defense_expenditures#bermuda#$NA, NA% of GDP)
(defense_defense_note#bermuda#defense is the responsibility of the UK)
(geography_location#bhutan#Southern Asia, between China and India)
(geography_geographic_coordinates#bhutan#27 30 N, 90 30 E)
(geography_map_references#bhutan#Asia)
(geography_area_total_area#bhutan#47,000 sq km)
(geography_area_land_area#bhutan#47,000 sq km)
(geography_area_comparative_area#bhutan#slightly more than half the size of Indiana)
(geography_land_boundaries_total#bhutan#1,075 km)
(geography_land_boundaries_border_countries#bhutan#China 470 km, India 605 km)
(geography_coastline#bhutan#0 km {landlocked})
(geography_maritime_claims#bhutan#none {landlocked})
(geography_international_disputes#bhutan#none)
(geography_climate#bhutan#varies; tropical in southern plains; cool winters and hot summers in central valleys; severe winters and cool summers in Himalayas)
(geography_terrain#bhutan#mostly mountainous with some fertile valleys and savanna)
(geography_terrain_lowest_point#bhutan#Dangme Chu 97 m)
(geography_terrain_highest_point#bhutan#Khula Kangri I 7,553 m)
(geography_natural_resources#bhutan#timber, hydropower, gypsum, calcium carbide)
(geography_land_use_arable_land#bhutan#2%)
(geography_land_use_permanent_crops#bhutan#0%)
(geography_land_use_meadows_and_pastures#bhutan#5%)
(geography_land_use_forest_and_woodland#bhutan#70%)
(geography_land_use_other#bhutan#23%)
(geography_irrigated_land#bhutan#340 sq km {1989 est.})
(geography_environment_current_issues#bhutan#soil erosion; limited access to potable water)
(geography_environment_natural_hazards#bhutan#violent storms coming down from the Himalayas are the source of the country's name which translates as Land of the Thunder Dragon; frequent landslides during the rainy season)
(geography_environment_international_agreements#bhutan#party to - Biodiversity, Climate Change, Nuclear Test Ban; signed, but not ratified - Law of the Sea)
(geography_geographic_note#bhutan#landlocked; strategic location between China and India; controls several key Himalayan mountain passes)
(people_population#bhutan#1,822,625 {July 1996 est.})
(people_population_note#bhutan#other estimates range as low as 600,000)
(people_age_structure_0-14_years#bhutan#40% {male 378,407; female 351,146})
(people_age_structure_15-64_years#bhutan#56% {male 524,972; female 496,715})
(people_age_structure_65_years_and_over#bhutan#4% {male 36,304; female 35,081} {July 1996 est.})
(people_population_growth_rate#bhutan#2.32% {1996 est.})
(people_birth_rate#bhutan#38.48 births/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_death_rate#bhutan#15.28 deaths/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_net_migration_rate#bhutan#0 migrant{s}/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_sex_ratio_at_birth#bhutan#1.05 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_under_15_years#bhutan#1.08 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_15-64_years#bhutan#1.06 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_65_years_and_over#bhutan#1.04 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_all_ages#bhutan#1.06 male{s}/female {1996 est.})
(people_infant_mortality_rate#bhutan#116.3 deaths/1,000 live births {1996 est.})
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_total_population#bhutan#51.46 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_male#bhutan#51.96 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_female#bhutan#50.93 years {1996 est.})
(people_total_fertility_rate#bhutan#5.33 children born/woman {1996 est.})
(people_nationality_noun#bhutan#Bhutanese {singular and plural})
(people_nationality_adjective#bhutan#Bhutanese)
(people_ethnic_divisions#bhutan#Bhote 50%, ethnic Nepalese 35%, indigenous or migrant tribes 15%)
(people_religions#bhutan#Lamaistic Buddhism 75%, Indian- and Nepalese-influenced Hinduism 25%)
(people_languages#bhutan#Dzongkha {official}, Bhotes speak various Tibetan dialects, Nepalese speak various Nepalese dialects)
(people_literacy#bhutan#age 15 and over can read and write {1995 est.})
(people_literacy_total_population#bhutan#42.2%)
(people_literacy_male#bhutan#56.2%)
(people_literacy_female#bhutan#28.1%)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_long_form#bhutan#Kingdom of Bhutan)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_short_form#bhutan#Bhutan)
(government_data_code#bhutan#BT)
(government_type_of_government#bhutan#monarchy; special treaty relationship with India)
(government_capital#bhutan#Thimphu)
(government_administrative_divisions#bhutan#18 districts {dzongkhag, singular and plural}; Bumthang, Chhukha, Chirang, Daga, Geylegphug, Ha, Lhuntshi, Mongar, Paro, Pemagatsel, Punakha, Samchi, Samdrup Jongkhar, Shemgang, Tashigang, Thimphu, Tongsa, Wangdi Phodrang)
(government_independence#bhutan#8 August 1949 {from India})
(government_national_holiday#bhutan#National Day, 17 December {1907} {Ugyen Wangchuck became first hereditary king})
(government_constitution#bhutan#no written constitution or bill of rights)
(government_constitution_note#bhutan#Bhutan uses 1953 Royal decree for the Constitution of the National Assembly)
(government_legal_system#bhutan#based on Indian law and English common law; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction)
(government_suffrage#bhutan#each family has one vote in village-level elections)
(government_chief_of_state_and_head_of_government_{druk_gyalpo}#bhutan#King Jigme Singye WANGCHUCK {since 24 July 1972} is a hereditary monarch)
(government_royal_advisory_council_{lodoi_tsokde}#bhutan#was nominated by the king)
(government_royal_advisory_council_{lodoi_tsokde}_cabinet#bhutan#Council of Ministers {Lhengye Shungtsog} was appointed by the king)
(government_legislative_branch#bhutan#unicameral)
(government_national_assembly_{tshogdu}#bhutan#members serve for three years; seats - {150 total, 105 elected from village constituencies, 12 represent religious bodies, and 33 designated by the king to represent government and other secular interests})
(government_judicial_branch#bhutan#the Supreme Court of Appeal is the king; High Court, judges appointed by the king)
(government_political_parties_and_leaders#bhutan#no legal parties)
(government_other_political_or_pressure_groups#bhutan#Buddhist clergy; Indian merchant community; ethnic Nepalese organizations leading militant antigovernment campaign)
(government_international_organization_participation#bhutan#AsDB, CP, ESCAP, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFAD, IMF, Intelsat, IOC, ITU, NAM, SAARC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WHO, WIPO)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us#bhutan#none; note - Bhutan has a Permanent Mission to the UN, headed by Ugyen TSERING; address: 2 United Nations Plaza, 27th Floor, New York, NY 10017; telephone [1] {212} 826-1919; the Bhutanese mission to the UN has consular jurisdiction in the US)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_consulate{s}_general#bhutan#New York)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_honorary_consulate{s}#bhutan#San Francisco; Washington, DC)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation#bhutan#the US and Bhutan have no formal diplomatic relations, although informal contact is maintained between the Bhutanese and US Embassy in New Delhi {India})
(government_flag#bhutan#divided diagonally from the lower hoist side corner; the upper triangle is yellow and the lower triangle is orange; centered along the dividing line is a large black and white dragon facing away from the hoist side)
(economy_economic_overview#bhutan#The economy, one of the world's smallest and least developed, is based on agriculture and forestry, which provide the main livelihood for 90% of the population and account for about half of GDP. Agriculture consists largely of subsistence farming and animal husbandry. Rugged mountains dominate the terrain and make the building of roads and other infrastructure difficult and expensive. The economy is closely aligned with India's through strong trade and monetary links. The industrial sector is small and technologically backward, with most production of the cottage industry type. Most development projects, such as road construction, rely on Indian migrant labor. Bhutan's hydropower potential and its attraction for tourists are key resources; however, the government limits the number of tourists to 4,000 per year to minimize foreign influence. The Bhutanese Government has made some progress in expanding the nation's productive base and improving social welfare but growth continues to be constrained by the government's desire to protect the country's environment and cultural traditions. Growth picked up in 1995 and the country's balance of payments remained strong with comfortable reserves. The cautious fiscal stance planned for FY95/96 suggests continued economic stability in 1996. However, excessive controls and uncertain policies in areas like industrial licensing, trade, labor, and finance continue to hamper foreign investment.)
(economy_gdp#bhutan#purchasing power parity - $1.3 billion {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_real_growth_rate#bhutan#6% {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_per_capita#bhutan#$730 {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_agriculture#bhutan#NA%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_industry#bhutan#NA%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_services#bhutan#NA%)
(economy_inflation_rate_{consumer_prices}#bhutan#8.6% {FY94/95 est.})
(economy_labor_force#bhutan#NA)
(economy_labor_force_by_occupation#bhutan#agriculture 93%, services 5%, industry and commerce 2%)
(economy_labor_force_note#bhutan#massive lack of skilled labor)
(economy_unemployment_rate#bhutan#NA%)
(economy_budget_revenues#bhutan#$52 million)
(economy_budget_expenditures#bhutan#$150 million, including capital expenditures of $95 million {FY93/94 est.})
(economy_budget_note#bhutan#the government of India finances nearly three-fifths of Bhutan's budget expenditures)
(economy_industries#bhutan#cement, wood products, processed fruits, alcoholic beverages, calcium carbide)
(economy_industrial_production_growth_rate#bhutan#7.6% {1992 est.})
(economy_electricity_capacity#bhutan#360,000 kW)
(economy_electricity_production#bhutan#1.7 billion kWh)
(economy_electricity_consumption_per_capita#bhutan#143 kWh {1993})
(economy_electricity_note#bhutan#Bhutan exports electricity to India)
(economy_agriculture#bhutan#rice, corn, root crops, citrus, foodgrains; dairy products, eggs)
(economy_exports#bhutan#$70.9 million {f.o.b., FY94/95 est.})
(economy_exports_commodities#bhutan#cardamon, gypsum, timber, handicrafts, cement, fruit, electricity {to India}, precious stones, spices)
(economy_exports_partners#bhutan#India 94%, Bangladesh)
(economy_imports#bhutan#$113.6 million {c.i.f., FY94/95 est.})
(economy_imports_commodities#bhutan#fuel and lubricants, grain, machinery and parts, vehicles, fabrics, rice)
(economy_imports_partners#bhutan#India 77%, Japan, UK, Germany, US)
(economy_external_debt#bhutan#$141 million {October 1994})
(economy_economic_aid_recipient#bhutan#$NA)
(economy_currency#bhutan#1 ngultrum {Nu} = 100 chetrum; note - Indian currency is also legal tender)
(economy_exchange_rates#bhutan#ngultrum {Nu} per US$1 - 35.766 {January 1996}, 32.427 {1995}, 31.374 {1994}, 30.493 {1993}, 25.918 {1992}, 22.742 {1991}; note - the Bhutanese ngultrum is at par with the Indian rupee)
(economy_fiscal_year#bhutan#1 July - 30 June)
(transportation_railways#bhutan#0 km)
(transportation_highways_total#bhutan#1,296 km)
(transportation_highways_paved#bhutan#416 km)
(transportation_highways_unpaved#bhutan#880 km {1988 est.})
(transportation_ports#bhutan#none)
(transportation_airports_total#bhutan#2)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_1,524_to_2,437_m#bhutan#1)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_914_to_1,523_m#bhutan#1 {1995 est.})
(communications_telephones#bhutan#4,620 {1991 est.})
(communications_telephone_system_domestic#bhutan#domestic telephone service is very poor with very few telephones in use)
(communications_telephone_system_international#bhutan#international telephone and telegraph service is by landline through India; a satellite earth station was planned {1990})
(communications_radio_broadcast_stations#bhutan#AM 1, FM 1, shortwave 0 {1990})
(communications_radios#bhutan#23,000 {1989 est.})
(communications_television_broadcast_stations#bhutan#0 {1990 est.})
(communications_televisions#bhutan#200 {1985 est.})
(defense_branches#bhutan#Royal Bhutan Army, Palace Guard, Militia)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_age_15-49#bhutan#444,875)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_fit_for_military_service#bhutan#237,529)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_reach_military_age_{18}_annually#bhutan#17,634 {1996 est.})
(defense_defense_expenditures#bhutan#$NA, NA% of GDP)
(geography_location#bolivia#Central South America, southwest of Brazil)
(geography_geographic_coordinates#bolivia#17 00 S, 65 00 W)
(geography_map_references#bolivia#South America)
(geography_area_total_area#bolivia#1,098,580 sq km)
(geography_area_land_area#bolivia#1,084,390 sq km)
(geography_area_comparative_area#bolivia#slightly less than three times the size of Montana)
(geography_land_boundaries_total#bolivia#6,743 km)
(geography_land_boundaries_border_countries#bolivia#Argentina 832 km, Brazil 3,400 km, Chile 861 km, Paraguay 750 km, Peru 900 km)
(geography_coastline#bolivia#0 km {landlocked})
(geography_maritime_claims#bolivia#none {landlocked})
(geography_international_disputes#bolivia#has wanted a sovereign corridor to the South Pacific Ocean since the Atacama area was lost to Chile in 1884; dispute with Chile over Rio Lauca water rights)
(geography_climate#bolivia#varies with altitude; humid and tropical to cold and semiarid)
(geography_terrain#bolivia#rugged Andes Mountains with a highland plateau {Altiplano}, hills, lowland plains of the Amazon Basin)
(geography_terrain_lowest_point#bolivia#Rio Paraguay 90 m)
(geography_terrain_highest_point#bolivia#Cerro Illimani 6,882 m)
(geography_natural_resources#bolivia#tin, natural gas, petroleum, zinc, tungsten, antimony, silver, iron, lead, gold, timber)
(geography_land_use_arable_land#bolivia#3%)
(geography_land_use_permanent_crops#bolivia#0%)
(geography_land_use_meadows_and_pastures#bolivia#25%)
(geography_land_use_forest_and_woodland#bolivia#52%)
(geography_land_use_other#bolivia#20%)
(geography_irrigated_land#bolivia#1,650 sq km {1989 est.})
(geography_environment_current_issues#bolivia#the clearing of land for agricultural purposes and the international demand for tropical timber are contributing to deforestation; soil erosion from overgrazing and poor cultivation methods {including slash-and-burn agriculture}; desertification; loss of biodiversity; industrial pollution of water supplies used for drinking and irrigation)
(geography_environment_natural_hazards#bolivia#cold, thin air of high plateau is obstacle to efficient fuel combustion, as well as to physical activity by those unaccustomed to it from birth; flooding in the northeast {March-April})
(geography_environment_international_agreements#bolivia#party to - Biodiversity, Climate Change, Endangered Species, Law of the Sea, Nuclear Test Ban, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands; signed, but not ratified - Desertification, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection)
(geography_geographic_note#bolivia#landlocked; shares control of Lago Titicaca, world's highest navigable lake {elevation 3,805 m}, with Peru)
(people_population#bolivia#7,165,257 {July 1996 est.})
(people_age_structure_0-14_years#bolivia#39% {male 1,422,313; female 1,390,885})
(people_age_structure_15-64_years#bolivia#56% {male 1,959,989; female 2,042,135})
(people_age_structure_65_years_and_over#bolivia#5% {male 153,111; female 196,824} {July 1996 est.})
(people_population_growth_rate#bolivia#1.82% {1996 est.})
(people_birth_rate#bolivia#32.37 births/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_death_rate#bolivia#10.75 deaths/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_net_migration_rate#bolivia#-3.41 migrant{s}/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_sex_ratio_at_birth#bolivia#1.05 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_under_15_years#bolivia#1.02 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_15-64_years#bolivia#0.96 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_65_years_and_over#bolivia#0.78 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_all_ages#bolivia#0.97 male{s}/female {1996 est.})
(people_infant_mortality_rate#bolivia#67.5 deaths/1,000 live births {1996 est.})
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_total_population#bolivia#59.81 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_male#bolivia#56.94 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_female#bolivia#62.82 years {1996 est.})
(people_total_fertility_rate#bolivia#4.25 children born/woman {1996 est.})
(people_nationality_noun#bolivia#Bolivian{s})
(people_nationality_adjective#bolivia#Bolivian)
(people_ethnic_divisions#bolivia#Quechua 30%, Aymara 25%, mestizo {mixed European and Indian ancestry} 25%-30%, European 5%-15%)
(people_religions#bolivia#Roman Catholic 95%, Protestant {Evangelical Methodist})
(people_languages#bolivia#Spanish {official}, Quechua {official}, Aymara {official})
(people_literacy#bolivia#age 15 and over can read and write {1995 est.})
(people_literacy_total_population#bolivia#83.1%)
(people_literacy_male#bolivia#90.5%)
(people_literacy_female#bolivia#76%)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_long_form#bolivia#Republic of Bolivia)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_short_form#bolivia#Bolivia)
(government_name_of_country_local_long_form#bolivia#Republica de Bolivia)
(government_name_of_country_local_short_form#bolivia#Bolivia)
(government_data_code#bolivia#BL)
(government_type_of_government#bolivia#republic)
(government_capital#bolivia#La Paz {seat of government}; Sucre {legal capital and seat of judiciary})
(government_administrative_divisions#bolivia#9 departments {departamentos, singular - departamento}; Chuquisaca, Cochabamba, Beni, La Paz, Oruro, Pando, Potosi, Santa Cruz, Tarija)
(government_independence#bolivia#6 August 1825 {from Spain})
(government_national_holiday#bolivia#Independence Day, 6 August {1825})
(government_constitution#bolivia#2 February 1967)
(government_legal_system#bolivia#based on Spanish law and Napoleonic Code; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction)
(government_suffrage#bolivia#18 years of age, universal and compulsory {married}; 21 years of age, universal and compulsory {single})
(government_executive_branch_chief_of_state_and_head_of_government#bolivia#President Gonzalo SANCHEZ DE LOZADA Bustamente {since 6 August 1993} and Vice President Victor Hugo CARDENAS Conde {since 6 August 1993} were elected for four-year terms by popular vote; election last held 6 June 1993 {next to be held NA May 1997}; results - Gonzalo SANCHEZ DE LOZADA {MNR} 34%, Hugo BANZER Suarez {ADN/MIR alliance} 20%, Carlos PALENQUE Aviles {CONDEPA} 14%, Max FERNANDEZ Rojas {UCS} 13%, Antonio ARANIBAR Quiroga {MBL} 5%; no candidate received a majority of the popular vote; Gonzalo SANCHEZ DE LOZADA won a congressional runoff election on 4 August 1993 after forming a coalition with Max FERNANDEZ and Antonio ARANIBAR; FERNANDEZ died in a plane crash 26 November 1995)
(government_executive_branch_cabinet#bolivia#Cabinet was appointed by the president from panel of candidates proposed by the Senate)
(government_legislative_branch#bolivia#bicameral National Congress {Congreso Nacional})
(government_chamber_of_deputies_{camara_de_diputados}#bolivia#elections last held 6 June 1993 {next to be held NA May 1997}; results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - {130 total} MNR 52, UCS 20, ADN 17, MIR 17, CONDEPA 13, MBL 7, ARBOL 1, ASD 1, EJE 1, PCD 1)
(government_chamber_of_senators_{camara_de_senadores}#bolivia#elections last held 6 June 1993 {next to be held NA May 1997}; results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - {27 total} MNR 17, ADN 4, MIR 4, CONDEPA 1, UCS 1)
(government_judicial_branch#bolivia#Supreme Court {Corte Suprema}, judges appointed for a 10-year term by National Congress)
(government_left_parties#bolivia#Free Bolivia Movement {MBL}, Antonio ARANIBAR; April 9 Revolutionary Vanguard {VR-9}, Carlos SERRATE; Alternative of Democratic Socialism {ASD}, Jerjes JUSTINIANO; Revolutionary Front of the Left {FRI}, Oscar ZAMORA; Bolivian Socialist Falange {FSB}; Socialist Unzaguista Movement {MAS}; Socialist Party One {PS-1}; Bolivian Communist Party {PCB})
(government_center-left_parties#bolivia#Nationalist Revolutionary Movement {MNR}, Gonzalo SANCHEZ DE LOZADA; Movement of the Revolutionary Left {MIR}, Jaime PAZ Zamora, Oscar EID; Christian Democrat {PCD}, Jorge AGREDA)
(government_center-right_party#bolivia#Nationalist Democratic Action {ADN}, Jorge LANDIVAR, Hugo BANZER)
(government_populist_parties#bolivia#Civic Solidarity Union {UCS}, Johnny FERNANDEZ; Conscience of the Fatherland {CONDEPA}, Carlos PALENQUE Aviles; Popular Patriotic Movement {MPP}, Julio MANTILLA; Unity and Progress Movement {MUP}, Ivo KULJIS)
(government_evangelical#bolivia#Bolivian Renovating Alliance {ARBOL}, Hugo VILLEGAS)
(government_evangelical_indigenous#bolivia#Tupac Katari Revolutionary Liberation Movement {MRTK-L}, Victor Hugo CARDENAS Conde; Patriotic Axis of Convergence {EJE-P}, Ramiro BARRANCHEA; National Katarista Movement {MKN}, Fernando UNTOJA)
(government_international_organization_participation#bolivia#AG, ECLAC, FAO, G-11, G-77, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ITU, LAES, LAIA, NAM, OAS, OPANAL, PCA, RG, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_chief_of_mission#bolivia#Ambassador Fernando Alvaro COSSIO)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_chancery#bolivia#3014 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_telephone#bolivia#[1] {202} 483-4410 through 4412)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_fax#bolivia#[1] {202} 328-3712)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_consulate{s}_general#bolivia#Los Angeles, Miami, New York, and San Francisco)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_chief_of_mission#bolivia#Ambassador Curtis Warren KAMMAN)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_embassy#bolivia#Avenida Arce 2780, San Jorge, La Paz)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_mailing_address#bolivia#P. O. Box 425, La Paz; APO AA 34032)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_telephone#bolivia#[591] {2} 430251)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_fax#bolivia#[591] {2} 433900)
(government_flag#bolivia#three equal horizontal bands of red {top}, yellow, and green with the coat of arms centered on the yellow band; similar to the flag of Ghana, which has a large black five-pointed star centered in the yellow band)
(economy_economic_overview#bolivia#With its long history of semifeudal social controls, dependence on volatile prices for its mineral exports, and bouts of hyperinflation, Bolivia has remained one of the poorest and least developed Latin American countries. However, Bolivia has experienced generally improving economic conditions since the PAZ Estenssoro administration {1985-89} introduced market-oriented policies which reduced inflation from 11,700% in 1985 to about 20% in 1988. PAZ Estenssoro was followed as president by Jaime PAZ Zamora {1989-93} who continued the free-market policies of his predecessor, despite opposition from his own party and from Bolivia's once powerful labor movement. By maintaining fiscal discipline, PAZ Zamora helped reduce inflation to 9.3% in 1993, while GDP grew by an annual average of 3.25% during his tenure. Inaugurated in August 1993, President SANCHEZ DE LOZADA has vowed to advance the market-oriented economic reforms he helped launch as PAZ Estenssoro's planning minister. His successes so far have included the signing of a free trade agreement with Mexico and progress on his unique privatization plan. The main privatization bill was passed by the Bolivian legislature in late March 1994. Since that time, the administration has privatized the electric power generation sector, the state airline, the state telephone company, and the national railroad. The state mining and petroleum companies are expected to be privatized in 1996.)
(economy_gdp#bolivia#purchasing power parity - $20 billion {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_real_growth_rate#bolivia#3.7% {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_per_capita#bolivia#$2,530 {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_agriculture#bolivia#NA%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_industry#bolivia#NA%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_services#bolivia#NA%)
(economy_inflation_rate_{consumer_prices}#bolivia#12% {1995 est.})
(economy_labor_force#bolivia#3.54 million)
(economy_labor_force_by_occupation#bolivia#agriculture NA%, services and utilities 20%, manufacturing, mining and construction 7% {1993})
(economy_unemployment_rate#bolivia#urban rate 8% {1995 est.})
(economy_budget_revenues#bolivia#$3.75 billion)
(economy_budget_expenditures#bolivia#$3.75 billion, including capital expenditures of $556.2 million {1995 est.})
(economy_industries#bolivia#mining, smelting, petroleum, food and beverages, tobacco, handicrafts, clothing)
(economy_industrial_production_growth_rate#bolivia#5% {1994 est.})
(economy_electricity_capacity#bolivia#756,200 kW)
(economy_electricity_production#bolivia#2.116 billion kWh)
(economy_electricity_consumption_per_capita#bolivia#367 kWh {1994})
(economy_agriculture#bolivia#coffee, coca, cotton, corn, sugarcane, rice, potatoes; timber)
(economy_illicit_drugs#bolivia#world's third-largest cultivator of coca {after Peru and Colombia} with an estimated 48,600 hectares under cultivation in 1995, a one percent increase in overall cultivation of coca over 1994 levels; Bolivia, however, is the second-largest producer of harvested coca leaf; even so, voluntary and forced eradication programs resulted in leaf production dropping from 89,800 metric tons in 1994 to 85,000 tons in 1995; government considers all but 12,000 hectares illicit; intermediate coca products and cocaine exported to or through Colombia and Brazil to the US and other international drug markets; alternative crop program aims to reduce illicit coca cultivation)
(economy_exports#bolivia#$1.1 billion {f.o.b., 1994 est.})
(economy_exports_commodities#bolivia#metals 39%, natural gas 9%, soybeans 11%, jewelry 11%, wood 8%)
(economy_exports_partners#bolivia#US 26%, Argentina 15% {1993 est.})
(economy_imports#bolivia#$1.21 billion {c.i.f., 1994 est.})
(economy_imports_commodities#bolivia#capital goods 48%, chemicals 11%, petroleum 5%, food 5% {1993 est.})
(economy_imports_partners#bolivia#US 24%, Argentina 13%, Brazil 11%, Japan 11% {1993 est.})
(economy_external_debt#bolivia#$4.4 billion {November 1995})
(economy_economic_aid_recipient#bolivia#ODA, $362 million {1993})
(economy_currency#bolivia#1 boliviano {$B} = 100 centavos)
(economy_exchange_rates#bolivia#bolivianos {$B} per US$1 - 4.9137 {December 1995}, 4.8003 {1995}, 4.6205 {1994}, 4.2651 {1993}, 3.9005 {1992}, 3.5806 {1991})
(economy_fiscal_year#bolivia#calendar year)
(transportation_railways_total#bolivia#3,691 km {single track})
(transportation_railways_narrow_gauge#bolivia#3,652 km 1.000-m gauge; 39 km 0.760-m gauge {13 km electrified} {1995})
(transportation_highways_total#bolivia#46,311 km)
(transportation_highways_paved#bolivia#1,940 km {including 27 km of expressways})
(transportation_highways_unpaved#bolivia#44,371 km {1991 est.})
(transportation_waterways#bolivia#10,000 km of commercially navigable waterways)
(transportation_pipelines#bolivia#crude oil 1,800 km; petroleum products 580 km; natural gas 1,495 km)
(transportation_ports#bolivia#none; however, Bolivia has free port privileges in the maritime ports of Argentina, Brazil, Chile, and Paraguay)
(transportation_merchant_marine_total#bolivia#1 cargo ship {1,000 GRT or over} totaling 4,214 GRT/6,390 DWT {1995 est.})
(transportation_airports#bolivia#1,017)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_over_3,047_m#bolivia#3)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_2,438_to_3,047_m#bolivia#4)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_1,524_to_2,437_m#bolivia#3)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_under_914_m#bolivia#750)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_2,438_to_3,047_m#bolivia#2)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_1,524_to_2,437_m#bolivia#69)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_914_to_1,523_m#bolivia#186 {1995 est.})
(communications_telephones#bolivia#144,300 {1987 est.})
(communications_telephone_system#bolivia#new subscribers face bureaucratic difficulties; most telephones are concentrated in La Paz and other cities)
(communications_telephone_system_domestic#bolivia#microwave radio relay system being expanded)
(communications_telephone_system_international#bolivia#satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat {Atlantic Ocean})
(communications_radio_broadcast_stations#bolivia#AM 129, FM 0, shortwave 68)
(communications_radios#bolivia#NA)
(communications_television_broadcast_stations#bolivia#43)
(communications_televisions#bolivia#500,000 {1993 est.})
(defense_branches#bolivia#Army {Ejercito Boliviano}, Navy {Fuerza Naval Boliviana, includes Marines}, Air Force {Fuerza Aerea Boliviana}, National Police Force {Policia Nacional de Bolivia})
(defense_manpower_availability_males_age_15-49#bolivia#1,685,572)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_fit_for_military_service#bolivia#1,098,948)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_reach_military_age_{19}_annually#bolivia#76,035 {1996 est.})
(defense_defense_expenditures#bolivia#exchange rate conversion - $145 million; 1.9% of GDP {1996})
(header_note#bosnia_and_herzegovina#On 21 November 1995, in Dayton, Ohio, the former Yugoslavia's three warring parties signed a peace agreement that brought to a halt over three years of interethnic civil strife in Bosnia and Herzegovina {the final agreement was signed in Paris on 14 December 1995}. The Dayton Agreement, signed by Bosnian President IZETBEGOVIC, Croatian President TUDJMAN, and Serbian President MILOSEVIC, divides Bosnia and Herzegovina roughly equally between the Muslim/Croat Federation and the Bosnian Serbs while maintaining Bosnia's currently recognized borders. An international peacekeeping force {IFOR} of 60,000 troops began to enter Bosnia in late 1995 to implement and monitor the military aspects of the agreement and is scheduled to depart the country within one year. A High Representative appointed by the UN Security Council is responsible for civilian implementation of the accord, including monitoring implementation, facilitating any difficulties arising in connection with civilian implementation, and coordinating activities of the civilian organizations and agencies in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The Bosnian conflict began in the spring of 1992 when the Government of Bosnia and Herzegovina held a referendum on independence and the Bosnian Serbs - supported by neighboring Serbia - responded with armed resistance aimed at partitioning the republic along ethnic lines and joining Serb-held areas to form a "greater Serbia." In March 1994, Bosnia's Muslims and Croats reduced the number of warring factions from three to two by signing an agreement in Washington creating their joint Muslim/Croat Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina.)
(geography_location#bosnia_and_herzegovina#Southeastern Europe, bordering the Adriatic Sea and Croatia)
(geography_geographic_coordinates#bosnia_and_herzegovina#44 00 N, 18 00 E)
(geography_map_references#bosnia_and_herzegovina#Bosnia and Herzegovina, Europe)
(geography_area_total_area#bosnia_and_herzegovina#51,233 sq km)
(geography_area_land_area#bosnia_and_herzegovina#51,233 sq km)
(geography_area_comparative_area#bosnia_and_herzegovina#slightly smaller than West Virginia)
(geography_land_boundaries_total#bosnia_and_herzegovina#1,459 km)
(geography_land_boundaries_border_countries#bosnia_and_herzegovina#Croatia 932 km, Serbia and Montenegro 527 km {312 km with Serbia, 215 km with Montenegro})
(geography_coastline#bosnia_and_herzegovina#20 km)
(geography_maritime_claims#bosnia_and_herzegovina#NA)
(geography_international_disputes#bosnia_and_herzegovina#none)
(geography_climate#bosnia_and_herzegovina#hot summers and cold winters; areas of high elevation have short, cool summers and long, severe winters; mild, rainy winters along coast)
(geography_terrain#bosnia_and_herzegovina#mountains and valleys)
(geography_terrain_lowest_point#bosnia_and_herzegovina#Adriatic Sea 0 m)
(geography_terrain_highest_point#bosnia_and_herzegovina#Maglic 2,386 m)
(geography_natural_resources#bosnia_and_herzegovina#coal, iron, bauxite, manganese, forests, copper, chromium, lead, zinc)
(geography_land_use_arable_land#bosnia_and_herzegovina#20%)
(geography_land_use_permanent_crops#bosnia_and_herzegovina#2%)
(geography_land_use_meadows_and_pastures#bosnia_and_herzegovina#25%)
(geography_land_use_forest_and_woodland#bosnia_and_herzegovina#36%)
(geography_land_use_other#bosnia_and_herzegovina#17%)
(geography_irrigated_land#bosnia_and_herzegovina#NA sq km)
(geography_environment_current_issues#bosnia_and_herzegovina#air pollution from metallurgical plants; sites for disposing of urban waste are limited; widespread casualties, water shortages, and destruction of infrastructure because of civil strife)
(geography_environment_natural_hazards#bosnia_and_herzegovina#frequent and destructive earthquakes)
(geography_environment_international_agreements#bosnia_and_herzegovina#party to - Air Pollution, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection)
(geography_geographic_note#bosnia_and_herzegovina#as of January 1996, Bosnian Serb leaders continued to demand revisions to the territorial aspects of the Dayton Agreement, especially in Sarajevo - designated to be under Federation control - and the Brcko/Posavina corridor area; members of the Bosnian Croat community also reject several territorial aspects of the agreement, citing that historically Bosnian Croat lands are to be transferred to Bosnian Serb control; despite disagreements, initial implementation of the agreement as of January 1996 appeared on course with the warring parties meeting the deadline for withdrawal of forces from the front lines in Sarajevo)
(people_population#bosnia_and_herzegovina#2,656,240 {July 1996 est.})
(people_population_note#bosnia_and_herzegovina#all data dealing with population is subject to considerable error because of the dislocations caused by military action and ethnic cleansing)
(people_age_structure_0-14_years#bosnia_and_herzegovina#20% {male 276,530; female 248,519})
(people_age_structure_15-64_years#bosnia_and_herzegovina#68% {male 892,807; female 915,686})
(people_age_structure_65_years_and_over#bosnia_and_herzegovina#12% {male 133,081; female 189,617} {July 1996 est.})
(people_population_growth_rate#bosnia_and_herzegovina#-2.84% {1996 est.})
(people_birth_rate#bosnia_and_herzegovina#6.34 births/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_death_rate#bosnia_and_herzegovina#15.92 deaths/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_net_migration_rate#bosnia_and_herzegovina#-18.82 migrant{s}/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_sex_ratio_at_birth#bosnia_and_herzegovina#1.07 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_under_15_years#bosnia_and_herzegovina#1.11 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_15-64_years#bosnia_and_herzegovina#0.98 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_65_years_and_over#bosnia_and_herzegovina#0.7 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_all_ages#bosnia_and_herzegovina#0.96 male{s}/female {1996 est.})
(people_infant_mortality_rate#bosnia_and_herzegovina#43.2 deaths/1,000 live births {1996 est.})
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_total_population#bosnia_and_herzegovina#56.11 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_male#bosnia_and_herzegovina#51.16 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_female#bosnia_and_herzegovina#61.39 years {1996 est.})
(people_total_fertility_rate#bosnia_and_herzegovina#1 children born/woman {1996 est.})
(people_nationality_noun#bosnia_and_herzegovina#Bosnian{s}, Herzegovinian{s})
(people_nationality_adjective#bosnia_and_herzegovina#Bosnian, Herzegovinian)
(people_ethnic_divisions#bosnia_and_herzegovina#Serb 40%, Muslim 38%, Croat 22% {est.})
(people_religions#bosnia_and_herzegovina#Muslim 40%, Orthodox 31%, Catholic 15%, Protestant 4%, other 10%)
(people_languages#bosnia_and_herzegovina#Serbo-Croatian 99%)
(people_literacy#bosnia_and_herzegovina#NA)
(government_government_note#bosnia_and_herzegovina#The US recognizes the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina. The Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, formed by the Muslims and Croats in March 1994, remains in the implementation stages.)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_long_form#bosnia_and_herzegovina#Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_short_form#bosnia_and_herzegovina#Bosnia and Herzegovina)
(government_name_of_country_local_long_form#bosnia_and_herzegovina#Republika Bosna i Hercegovina)
(government_name_of_country_local_short_form#bosnia_and_herzegovina#Bosna i Hercegovina)
(government_name_of_country_note#bosnia_and_herzegovina#under the new constitution initialed in Dayton, Ohio, on 21 November 1995, the name of the country will be changed from Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina to simply Bosnia and Herzegovina and will be made up of the Muslim/Croat Federation and the Bosnian Serb entity now called Republika Srpska)
(government_data_code#bosnia_and_herzegovina#BK)
(government_type_of_government#bosnia_and_herzegovina#emerging democracy)
(government_capital#bosnia_and_herzegovina#Sarajevo)
(government_administrative_divisions#bosnia_and_herzegovina#109 districts {opstinas, singular - opstina} Banovici, Banja Luka, Bihac, Bijeljina, Bileca, Bosanska Dubica, Bosanska Gradiska, Bosanska Krupa, Bosanski Brod, Bosanski Novi, Bosanski Petrovac, Bosanski Samac, Bosansko Grahovo, Bratunac, Brcko, Breza, Bugojno, Busovaca, Cazin, Cajnice, Capljina, Celinac, Citluk, Derventa, Doboj, Donji Vakuf, Foca, Fojnica, Gacko, Glamoc, Gorazde, Gornji Vakuf, Gracanica, Gradacac, Grude, Han Pijesak, Jablanica, Jajce, Kakanj, Kalesija, Kalinovik, Kiseljak, Kladanj, Kljuc, Konjic, Kotor Varos, Kresevo, Kupres, Laktasi, Listica, Livno, Lopare, Lukavac, Ljubinje, Ljubuski, Maglaj, Modrica, Mostar, Mrkonjic-Grad, Neum, Nevesinje, Odzak, Olovo, Orasje, Posusje, Prijedor, Prnjavor, Prozor, {Pucarevo} Novi Travnik, Rogatica, Rudo, Sanski Most, Sarajevo-Centar, Sarajevo-Hadzici, Sarajevo-Ilidza, Sarajevo-Ilijas, Sarajevo-Novi Grad, Sarajevo-Novo, Sarajevo-Pale, Sarajevo-Stari Grad, Sarajevo-Trnovo, Sarajevo-Vogosca, Skender Vakuf, Sokolac, Srbac, Srebrenica, Srebrenik, Stolac, Sekovici, Sipovo, Teslic, Tesanj, Drvar, Duvno, Travnik, Trebinje, Tuzla, Ugljevik, Vares, Velika Kladusa, Visoko, Visegrad, Vitez, Vlasenica, Zavidovici, Zenica, Zvornik, Zepce, Zivinice)
(government_administrative_divisions_note#bosnia_and_herzegovina#administrative reorganization is currently under negotiation with the assistance of international mediators; spellings not yet approved by the US Board on Geographic Names)
(government_independence#bosnia_and_herzegovina#NA April 1992 {from Yugoslavia})
(government_national_holiday#bosnia_and_herzegovina#NA)
(government_constitution#bosnia_and_herzegovina#first promulgated in 1974 {under the Communists}, amended 1989, 1990, and 1991; constitution of Muslim/Croat Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina ratified April 1994; under the Dayton Agreement signed 21 November 1995, the Muslim/Croat Federation and the Serb republic government agreed to accept new basic principles in their constitutions)
(government_legal_system#bosnia_and_herzegovina#based on civil law system)
(government_suffrage#bosnia_and_herzegovina#16 years of age, if employed; 18 years of age, universal)
(government_executive_branch_chief_of_state#bosnia_and_herzegovina#President Alija IZETBEGOVIC {since 20 December 1990} was elected by a collective {seven-member} presidency {of which he is a member}; other members of the collective presidency are: Ejup GANIC {since NA November 1990}, Nijaz DURAKOVIC {since NA October 1993}, Stjepan KLJUJIC {since NA October 1993}, Ivo KOMSIC {since NA October 1993}, Mirko PEJANOVIC {since NA June 1992}, Tatjana LJUJIC-MIJATOVIC {since NA December 1992}; the collective presidency is elected from among the National Assembly with at least two members drawn from each of the three main ethnic groups)
(government_executive_branch_head_of_government#bosnia_and_herzegovina#Prime Minister Hasan MURATOVIC {since 30 January 1996} was elected by the collective presidency and the National Assembly)
(government_executive_branch_cabinet#bosnia_and_herzegovina#there is an executive body of ministers with no formal name who are members of, and responsible to, the National Assembly)
(government_executive_branch_note#bosnia_and_herzegovina#the president of the Muslim/Croat Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina is Kresimir ZUBAK {since 31 May 1994}; Vice President Ejup GANIC {since 31 May 1994}; elections for the Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina and the Presidency of the Republika Srpska will take place between six and nine months after the entry into force of the Dayton Agreement {14 December 1995})
(government_legislative_branch#bosnia_and_herzegovina#bicameral National Assembly)
(government_chamber_of_municipalities_{vijece_opeina}#bosnia_and_herzegovina#elections last held November-December 1990 {next to be held NA}; percent of vote by party NA; seats - {110 total} SDA 43, SDS BiH 38, HDZ BiH 23, Party of Democratic Changes 4, DSS 1, SPO 1)
(government_chamber_of_citizens_{vijece_gradanstvo}#bosnia_and_herzegovina#elections last held November-December 1990 {next to be held NA}; percent of vote by party NA; seats - {130 total} SDA 43, SDS BiH 34, HDZ BiH 21, Party of Democratic Changes 15, SRSJ BiH 12, LBO 2, DSS 1, DSZ 1, LS 1)
(government_chamber_of_citizens_{vijece_gradanstvo}_note#bosnia_and_herzegovina#the new constitution signed as part of the Dayton agreement on 21 November 1995 provides for a new bicameral Parliamentary assembly which will consist of a House of Peoples with 15 delegates, two-thirds from the Muslim/Croat Federation and one-third from the Serbian republic, and a House of Representatives with 42 members, two-thirds from the Muslim/Croat Federation and one-third from the Serbian republic; elections are scheduled to be held six to nine months after the entry into force of the Dayton Agreement)
(government_judicial_branch#bosnia_and_herzegovina#Supreme Court; Constitutional Court)
(government_political_parties_and_leaders#bosnia_and_herzegovina#Civic Democratic Party {GDS}, Ibrahim SPAHIC; Party for Bosnia, Haris SILAJDZIC; Croatian Democratic Union of BiH {HDZ}, Bozo RAJIC; Croatian Peasants' Party of BiH {HSS}, Stanko STISKOVIC; Independent Serbian Democratic Party {NSDS}, Petar DODIK; Liberal Bosniak Organization {LBO}, Muhamed FILIPOVIC; Liberal Party {LS}, Rasim KADIC, president; Muslim-Bosniac Organization {MBO}, Adil ZULFIKARPASIC; Party of Democratic Action {SDA}, Alija IZETBEGOVIC; Republican Party of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Stjepan KLUJIC; Serb Democratic Party {SDS}, Radovan KARADZIC, president; Serbian Civic Council {SGV}, Mirko PEJANOVIC; Serbian Consultative Council, Ljubomir BERBEROVIC; Social Democratic Party {SDP - formerly the Democratic Party of Socialists {DSS}}, Nijaz DURAKOVIC, president; Socialist Party of Republika Srpska, Zivko RADISIC; Union of Social Democrats {SSDB}, Salim BESLAGIC; United Left of the Bosnian Serb Republic {ULRS}, Mile IVOSEVIC; Serbian Renewal Movement {SPO}, Milan TRIVUNCIC, note - this party participated in the 1990 elections, but may not exist now; Party of Democratic Changes, leader NA, note - this party participated in the 1990 elections, but may not exist now; Alliance of Reform Forces of Yugoslavia for Bosnia and Herzegovina {SRSJ BiH}, Dr. Nenad KECMANOVIC, president, note - this party participated in the 1990 elections, but may not exist now; Democratic League of Greens {DSZ}, Drazen PETROVIC, note - this party participated in the 1990 elections, but may not exist now; Yugoslav United Left {JUL}, CAREVIC; Serb Liberal Party, Miodrag ZIVANOVIC; Serb Radical Party; Serb Patriotic Party, Slavko ZUPLJANIN; Serb Homeland Party)
(government_other_political_or_pressure_groups#bosnia_and_herzegovina#NA)
(government_international_organization_participation#bosnia_and_herzegovina#CE {guest}, CEI, ECE, FAO, ICAO, IFAD, ILO, IMO, Intelsat {nonsignatory user}, Interpol, IOC, IOM {observer}, ITU, NAM {guest}, OSCE, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_chief_of_mission#bosnia_and_herzegovina#Ambassador Sven ALKALAJ)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_chancery#bosnia_and_herzegovina#Suite 760, 1707 L Street NW, Washington, DC 20036)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_telephone#bosnia_and_herzegovina#[1] {202} 833-3612, 3613, 3615)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_fax#bosnia_and_herzegovina#[1] {202} 833-2061)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_consulate{s}_general#bosnia_and_herzegovina#New York)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_chief_of_mission#bosnia_and_herzegovina#Ambassador John K. MENZIES)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_embassy#bosnia_and_herzegovina#43 Ul. Djure Djakovica, Sarajevo)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_mailing_address#bosnia_and_herzegovina#use street address)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_telephone#bosnia_and_herzegovina#[387] {71} 645-992, 445-700, 659-743)
(government_flag#bosnia_and_herzegovina#white with a large blue shield; the shield contains white fleurs-de-lis with a white diagonal band running from the upper hoist corner to the lower outer side)
(economy_economic_overview#bosnia_and_herzegovina#Bosnia and Herzegovina ranked next to The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia as the poorest republic in the old Yugoslav federation. Although agriculture has been almost all in private hands, farms have been small and inefficient, and the republic traditionally has been a net importer of food. Industry has been greatly overstaffed, one reflection of the rigidities of communist central planning and management. TITO had pushed the development of military industries in the republic with the result that Bosnia hosted a large share of Yugoslavia's defense plants. The bitter interethnic warfare in Bosnia caused production to plummet, unemployment and inflation to soar, and human misery to multiply. No economic statistics for 1992-95 are available, although output clearly has fallen substantially below the levels of earlier years and almost certainly is well below $1,000 per head. The country receives substantial amounts of humanitarian aid from the international community.)
(economy_gdp#bosnia_and_herzegovina#purchasing power parity - $1 billion {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_real_growth_rate#bosnia_and_herzegovina#NA%)
(economy_gdp_per_capita#bosnia_and_herzegovina#$300 {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_agriculture#bosnia_and_herzegovina#NA%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_industry#bosnia_and_herzegovina#NA%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_services#bosnia_and_herzegovina#NA%)
(economy_inflation_rate_{consumer_prices}#bosnia_and_herzegovina#NA%)
(economy_labor_force#bosnia_and_herzegovina#1,026,254)
(economy_labor_force_by_occupation#bosnia_and_herzegovina#NA%)
(economy_unemployment_rate#bosnia_and_herzegovina#NA%)
(economy_budget_revenues#bosnia_and_herzegovina#$NA)
(economy_budget_expenditures#bosnia_and_herzegovina#$NA, including capital expenditures of $NA)
(economy_industries#bosnia_and_herzegovina#steel, coal, iron ore, lead, zinc, manganese, bauxite, vehicle assembly, textiles, tobacco products, wooden furniture, tank and aircraft assembly, domestic appliances, oil refining; much of capacity damaged or shut down {1995})
(economy_industrial_production_growth_rate#bosnia_and_herzegovina#NA%)
(economy_electricity_capacity#bosnia_and_herzegovina#3,800,000 kW)
(economy_electricity_production#bosnia_and_herzegovina#NA kWh)
(economy_electricity_consumption_per_capita#bosnia_and_herzegovina#NA kWh {1993})
(economy_agriculture#bosnia_and_herzegovina#wheat, corn, fruits, vegetables; livestock)
(economy_illicit_drugs#bosnia_and_herzegovina#NA)
(economy_exports#bosnia_and_herzegovina#$NA)
(economy_exports_commodities#bosnia_and_herzegovina#NA)
(economy_exports_partners#bosnia_and_herzegovina#NA)
(economy_imports#bosnia_and_herzegovina#$NA)
(economy_imports_commodities#bosnia_and_herzegovina#NA)
(economy_imports_partners#bosnia_and_herzegovina#NA)
(economy_external_debt#bosnia_and_herzegovina#$NA)
(economy_economic_aid_recipient#bosnia_and_herzegovina#ODA, $NA)
(economy_currency#bosnia_and_herzegovina#1 dinar = 100 para; Croatian dinar used in Croat-held area, presumably to be replaced by new Croatian kuna; old and new Serbian dinars used in Serb-held area; hard currencies probably supplanting local currencies in areas held by Bosnian Government)
(economy_exchange_rates#bosnia_and_herzegovina#NA)
(economy_fiscal_year#bosnia_and_herzegovina#calendar year)
(transportation_railways_total#bosnia_and_herzegovina#1,021 km {electrified 795 km})
(transportation_railways_standard_gauge#bosnia_and_herzegovina#1,021 km 1.435-m gauge {1991})
(transportation_highways_total#bosnia_and_herzegovina#21,168 km)
(transportation_highways_paved#bosnia_and_herzegovina#11,436 km)
(transportation_highways_unpaved#bosnia_and_herzegovina#9,732 km {1991 est.})
(transportation_waterways#bosnia_and_herzegovina#NA km)
(transportation_pipelines#bosnia_and_herzegovina#crude oil 174 km; natural gas 90 km {1992}; note - pipelines now disrupted)
(transportation_ports#bosnia_and_herzegovina#Bosanski Brod)
(transportation_merchant_marine#bosnia_and_herzegovina#none)
(transportation_airports_total#bosnia_and_herzegovina#24)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_2,438_to_3,047_m#bosnia_and_herzegovina#3)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_1,524_to_2,437_m#bosnia_and_herzegovina#3)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_914_to_1,523_m#bosnia_and_herzegovina#1)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_under_914_m#bosnia_and_herzegovina#7)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_1,524_to_2,437_m#bosnia_and_herzegovina#1)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_914_to_1,523_m#bosnia_and_herzegovina#9 {1995 est.})
(communications_telephones#bosnia_and_herzegovina#727,000)
(communications_telephone_system#bosnia_and_herzegovina#telephone and telegraph network is in need of modernization and expansion; many urban areas are below average when compared with services in other former Yugoslav republics)
(communications_telephone_system_domestic#bosnia_and_herzegovina#NA)
(communications_telephone_system_international#bosnia_and_herzegovina#no satellite earth stations)
(communications_radio_broadcast_stations#bosnia_and_herzegovina#AM 9, FM 2, shortwave 0)
(communications_radios#bosnia_and_herzegovina#840,000)
(communications_television_broadcast_stations#bosnia_and_herzegovina#6)
(communications_televisions#bosnia_and_herzegovina#1,012,094)
(defense_branches#bosnia_and_herzegovina#Army)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_age_15-49#bosnia_and_herzegovina#654,326)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_fit_for_military_service#bosnia_and_herzegovina#524,963)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_reach_military_age_{19}_annually#bosnia_and_herzegovina#22,902 {1996 est.})
(defense_defense_expenditures#bosnia_and_herzegovina#$NA, NA% of GDP)
(geography_location#botswana#Southern Africa, north of South Africa)
(geography_geographic_coordinates#botswana#22 00 S, 24 00 E)
(geography_map_references#botswana#Africa)
(geography_area_total_area#botswana#600,370 sq km)
(geography_area_land_area#botswana#585,370 sq km)
(geography_area_comparative_area#botswana#slightly smaller than Texas)
(geography_land_boundaries_total#botswana#4,013 km)
(geography_land_boundaries_border_countries#botswana#Namibia 1,360 km, South Africa 1,840 km, Zimbabwe 813 km)
(geography_coastline#botswana#0 km {landlocked})
(geography_maritime_claims#botswana#none {landlocked})
(geography_international_disputes#botswana#short section of boundary with Namibia is indefinite; quadripoint with Namibia, Zambia, and Zimbabwe is in disagreement; dispute with Namibia over uninhabited Kasikili {Sidudu} Island in Linyanti {Chobe} River remained unresolved in January 1996 and the parties have agreed to refer the matter to the ICJ)
(geography_climate#botswana#semiarid; warm winters and hot summers)
(geography_terrain#botswana#predominately flat to gently rolling tableland; Kalahari Desert in southwest)
(geography_terrain_lowest_point#botswana#junction of the Limpopo and Shashe Rivers 513 m)
(geography_terrain_highest_point#botswana#Tsodilo Hill 1,489 m)
(geography_natural_resources#botswana#diamonds, copper, nickel, salt, soda ash, potash, coal, iron ore, silver)
(geography_land_use_arable_land#botswana#2%)
(geography_land_use_permanent_crops#botswana#0%)
(geography_land_use_meadows_and_pastures#botswana#75%)
(geography_land_use_forest_and_woodland#botswana#2%)
(geography_land_use_other#botswana#21%)
(geography_irrigated_land#botswana#20 sq km {1989 est.})
(geography_environment_current_issues#botswana#overgrazing, primarily as a result of the expansion of the cattle population; desertification; limited natural fresh water resources)
(geography_environment_natural_hazards#botswana#periodic droughts; seasonal August winds blow from the west, carrying sand and dust across the country, which can obscure visibility)
(geography_environment_international_agreements#botswana#party to - Biodiversity, Climate Change, Endangered Species, Law of the Sea, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection; signed, but not ratified - Desertification)
(geography_geographic_note#botswana#landlocked; population concentrated in eastern part of the country)
(people_population#botswana#1,477,630 {July 1996 est.})
(people_age_structure_0-14_years#botswana#42% {male 317,254; female 309,617})
(people_age_structure_15-64_years#botswana#54% {male 374,572; female 419,991})
(people_age_structure_65_years_and_over#botswana#4% {male 22,314; female 33,882} {July 1996 est.})
(people_population_growth_rate#botswana#1.63% {1996 est.})
(people_birth_rate#botswana#33.34 births/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_death_rate#botswana#17.01 deaths/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_net_migration_rate#botswana#0 migrant{s}/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_sex_ratio_at_birth#botswana#1.03 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_under_15_years#botswana#1.02 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_15-64_years#botswana#0.89 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_65_years_and_over#botswana#0.66 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_all_ages#botswana#0.94 male{s}/female {1996 est.})
(people_infant_mortality_rate#botswana#54.2 deaths/1,000 live births {1996 est.})
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_total_population#botswana#46.01 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_male#botswana#44.94 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_female#botswana#47.11 years {1996 est.})
(people_total_fertility_rate#botswana#4.26 children born/woman {1996 est.})
(people_nationality_noun#botswana#Motswana {singular}, Batswana {plural})
(people_nationality_adjective#botswana#Motswana {singular}, Batswana {plural})
(people_ethnic_divisions#botswana#Batswana 95%, Kalanga, Basarwa, and Kgalagadi 4%, white 1%)
(people_religions#botswana#indigenous beliefs 50%, Christian 50%)
(people_languages#botswana#English {official}, Setswana)
(people_literacy#botswana#age 15 and over can read and write {1995 est.})
(people_literacy_total_population#botswana#69.8%)
(people_literacy_male#botswana#80.5%)
(people_literacy_female#botswana#59.9%)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_long_form#botswana#Republic of Botswana)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_short_form#botswana#Botswana)
(government_name_of_country_former#botswana#Bechuanaland)
(government_data_code#botswana#BC)
(government_type_of_government#botswana#parliamentary republic)
(government_capital#botswana#Gaborone)
(government_administrative_divisions#botswana#10 districts and four town councils*; Central, Chobe, Francistown*, Gaborone*,Ghanzi, Kgalagadi, Kgatleng, Kweneng, Lobatse*, Ngamiland, North-East, Selebi-Phikwe*, South-East, Southern,)
(government_independence#botswana#30 September 1966 {from UK})
(government_national_holiday#botswana#Independence Day, 30 September {1966})
(government_constitution#botswana#March 1965, effective 30 September 1966)
(government_legal_system#botswana#based on Roman-Dutch law and local customary law; judicial review limited to matters of interpretation; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction)
(government_suffrage#botswana#21 years of age; universal)
(government_executive_branch_chief_of_state_and_head_of_government#botswana#President Sir Ketumile MASIRE {since 13 July 1980} was elected for a five-year term by the National Assembly; election last held 15 October 1994 {next to be held October 1999}; Vice President Festus MOGAE {since 9 March 1992} was appointed by the president)
(government_executive_branch_cabinet#botswana#Cabinet was appointed by the president)
(government_legislative_branch#botswana#bicameral Parliament)
(government_house_of_chiefs#botswana#is a largely advisory 15-member body consisting of the chiefs of the eight principal tribes, four elected subchiefs, and three members selected by the other 12)
(government_national_assembly#botswana#elections last held 15 October 1994 {next to be held October 1999}; results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - {44 total, 40 elected and 4 appointed by the majority party} BDP 27, BNF 13)
(government_judicial_branch#botswana#High Court; Court of Appeal)
(government_political_parties_and_leaders#botswana#Botswana Democratic Party {BDP}, Sir Ketumile MASIRE; Botswana National Front {BNF}, Kenneth KOMA; Botswana People's Party {BPP}, Knight MARIPE; Botswana Independence Party {BIP}, Motsamai MPHO)
(government_international_organization_participation#botswana#ACP, AfDB, C, CCC, ECA, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, ITU, NAM, OAU, SACU, SADC, UN, UN Security Council {temporary}, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WMO, WTrO)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_chief_of_mission#botswana#Ambassador Archibald MOGWE)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_chancery#botswana#Suite 7M, 3400 International Drive NW, Washington, DC 20008)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_telephone#botswana#[1] {202} 244-4990, 4991)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_fax#botswana#[1] {202} 244-4164)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_chief_of_mission#botswana#Ambassador Howard F. JETER)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_embassy#botswana#address NA, Gaborone)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_mailing_address#botswana#P. O. Box 90, Gaborone)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_telephone#botswana#[267] 353982)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_fax#botswana#[267] 356947)
(government_flag#botswana#light blue with a horizontal white-edged black stripe in the center)
(economy_economic_overview#botswana#The economy has historically been based on cattle raising and crops. Agriculture today provides a livelihood for more than 80% of the population but supplies only about 50% of food needs and accounts for only 5% of GDP. Subsistence farming and cattle raising predominate. The sector is plagued by erratic rainfall and poor soils. The driving force behind the rapid economic growth of the 1970s and 1980s has been the mining industry. This sector, mostly on the strength of diamonds, has gone from generating 25% of GDP in 1980 to 39% in 1994. The unemployment rate remains a problem at 21%. Hampered by a still sluggish diamond market in 1994 and 1995, GDP grew by only 1% in both years.)
(economy_gdp#botswana#purchasing power parity - $4.5 billion {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_real_growth_rate#botswana#1% {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_per_capita#botswana#$3,200 {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_agriculture#botswana#5%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_industry#botswana#NA%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_services#botswana#NA% {1995 est.})
(economy_inflation_rate_{consumer_prices}#botswana#10% {1994 est.})
(economy_labor_force#botswana#428,000 {1992})
(economy_labor_force_by_occupation#botswana#220,000 formal sector employees; 14,300 are employed in various mines in South Africa; most others are engaged in cattle raising and subsistence agriculture {1992 est.})
(economy_unemployment_rate#botswana#21% {1995 est.})
(economy_budget_revenues#botswana#$1.7 billion)
(economy_budget_expenditures#botswana#$1.99 billion, including capital expenditures of $652 million {FY93/94})
(economy_industries#botswana#diamonds, copper, nickel, coal, salt, soda ash, potash; livestock processing)
(economy_industrial_production_growth_rate#botswana#4.6% {FY92/93})
(economy_electricity_capacity#botswana#220,000 kW)
(economy_electricity_production#botswana#900 million kWh)
(economy_electricity_consumption_per_capita#botswana#694 kWh {1993})
(economy_agriculture#botswana#sorghum, maize, millet, pulses, groundnuts {peanuts}, beans, cowpeas, sunflower seed; livestock)
(economy_exports#botswana#$1.8 billion {f.o.b. 1994})
(economy_exports_commodities#botswana#diamonds 78%, copper and nickel 6%, meat 5%)
(economy_exports_partners#botswana#Switzerland, UK, Southern African Customs Union {SACU},)
(economy_imports#botswana#$1.8 billion {c.i.f., 1992})
(economy_imports_commodities#botswana#foodstuffs, vehicles and transport equipment, textiles, petroleum products)
(economy_imports_partners#botswana#Switzerland, Southern African Customs Union {SACU}, UK, US)
(economy_external_debt#botswana#$691 million {1994})
(economy_economic_aid_recipient#botswana#ODA, $189 million {1993})
(economy_currency#botswana#1 pula {P} = 100 thebe)
(economy_exchange_rates#botswana#pula {P} per US$1 - 2.8305 {January 1996}, 2.7716 {1995}, 2.6831 {1994}, 2.4190 {1993}, 2.1327 {1992}, 2.0173 {1991})
(economy_fiscal_year#botswana#1 April - 31 March)
(transportation_railways_total#botswana#971 km)
(transportation_railways_narrow_gauge#botswana#971 km 1.067-m gauge {1995})
(transportation_highways_total#botswana#11,448 km)
(transportation_highways_paved#botswana#1,590 km)
(transportation_highways_unpaved#botswana#9,858 km {1988 est.})
(transportation_ports#botswana#none)
(transportation_airports_total#botswana#81)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_over_3,047_m#botswana#1)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_2,438_to_3,047_m#botswana#1)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_1,524_to_2,437_m#botswana#9)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_914_to_1,523_m#botswana#1)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_under_914_m#botswana#22)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_1,524_to_2,437_m#botswana#3)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_914_to_1,523_m#botswana#44 {1995 est.})
(communications_telephones#botswana#19,109 {1985 est.})
(communications_telephone_system#botswana#sparse system)
(communications_telephone_system_domestic#botswana#small system of open-wire lines, microwave radio relay links, and a few radiotelephone communication stations)
(communications_telephone_system_international#botswana#microwave radio relay links to Zambia, Zimbabwe and South Africa; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat {Indian Ocean})
(communications_radio_broadcast_stations#botswana#AM 7, FM 13, shortwave 0)
(communications_radios#botswana#NA)
(communications_television_broadcast_stations#botswana#0 {1988 est.})
(communications_televisions#botswana#13,800 {1993 est.})
(defense_branches#botswana#Botswana Defense Force {includes Army and Air Wing}, Botswana National Police)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_age_15-49#botswana#334,177)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_fit_for_military_service#botswana#175,471)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_reach_military_age_{18}_annually#botswana#17,088 {1996 est.})
(defense_defense_expenditures#botswana#exchange rate conversion - $199 million, 5.2% of GDP {FY93/94})
(header_affiliation#bouvet_island#{territory of Norway})
(geography_location#bouvet_island#Southern Africa, island in the South Atlantic Ocean, south-southwest of the Cape of Good Hope {South Africa})
(geography_geographic_coordinates#bouvet_island#54 26 S, 3 24 E)
(geography_map_references#bouvet_island#Antarctic Region)
(geography_area_total_area#bouvet_island#58 sq km)
(geography_area_land_area#bouvet_island#58 sq km)
(geography_area_comparative_area#bouvet_island#about 0.3 times the size of Washington, DC)
(geography_land_boundaries#bouvet_island#0 km)
(geography_coastline#bouvet_island#29.6 km)
(geography_maritime_claims_territorial_sea#bouvet_island#4 nm)
(geography_international_disputes#bouvet_island#none)
(geography_climate#bouvet_island#antarctic)
(geography_terrain#bouvet_island#volcanic; maximum elevation about 800 meters; coast is mostly inaccessible)
(geography_terrain_lowest_point#bouvet_island#Atlantic Ocean 0 m)
(geography_terrain_highest_point#bouvet_island#unnamed location 780 m)
(geography_natural_resources#bouvet_island#none)
(geography_land_use_arable_land#bouvet_island#0%)
(geography_land_use_permanent_crops#bouvet_island#0%)
(geography_land_use_meadows_and_pastures#bouvet_island#0%)
(geography_land_use_forest_and_woodland#bouvet_island#0%)
(geography_land_use_other#bouvet_island#100% {all ice})
(geography_irrigated_land#bouvet_island#0 sq km)
(geography_environment_current_issues#bouvet_island#NA)
(geography_environment_natural_hazards#bouvet_island#NA)
(geography_environment_international_agreements#bouvet_island#NA)
(geography_geographic_note#bouvet_island#covered by glacial ice)
(people_population#bouvet_island#uninhabited)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_long_form#bouvet_island#none)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_short_form#bouvet_island#Bouvet Island)
(government_data_code#bouvet_island#BV)
(government_type_of_government#bouvet_island#territory of Norway)
(government_capital#bouvet_island#none; administered from Oslo, Norway)
(government_independence#bouvet_island#none {territory of Norway})
(government_flag#bouvet_island#the flag of Norway is used)
(economy_economic_overview#bouvet_island#no economic activity)
(transportation_ports#bouvet_island#none; offshore anchorage only)
(communications_communications_note#bouvet_island#automatic meteorological station)
(defense_defense_note#bouvet_island#defense is the responsibility of Norway)
(geography_location#brazil#Eastern South America, bordering the Atlantic Ocean)
(geography_geographic_coordinates#brazil#10 00 S, 55 00 W)
(geography_map_references#brazil#South America)
(geography_area_total_area#brazil#8,511,965 sq km)
(geography_area_land_area#brazil#8,456,510 sq km)
(geography_area_comparative_area#brazil#slightly smaller than the US)
(geography_area_note#brazil#includes Arquipelago de Fernando de Noronha, Atol das Rocas, Ilha da Trindade, Ilhas Martin Vaz, and Penedos de Sao Pedro e Sao Paulo)
(geography_land_boundaries_total#brazil#14,691 km)
(geography_land_boundaries_border_countries#brazil#Argentina 1,224 km, Bolivia 3,400 km, Colombia 1,643 km, French Guiana 673 km, Guyana 1,119 km, Paraguay 1,290 km, Peru 1,560 km, Suriname 597 km, Uruguay 985 km, Venezuela 2,200 km)
(geography_coastline#brazil#7,491 km)
(geography_maritime_claims_contiguous_zone#brazil#24 nm)
(geography_maritime_claims_continental_shelf#brazil#200 nm)
(geography_maritime_claims_exclusive_economic_zone#brazil#200 nm)
(geography_maritime_claims_territorial_sea#brazil#12 nm)
(geography_international_disputes#brazil#short section of the boundary with Paraguay, just west of Salto das Sete Quedas {Guaira Falls} on the Rio Parana, is in dispute; two short sections of boundary with Uruguay are in dispute - Arroio Invernada {Arroyo de la Invernada} area of the Rio Quarai {Rio Cuareim} and the islands at the confluence of the Rio Quarai and the Uruguay River)
(geography_climate#brazil#mostly tropical, but temperate in south)
(geography_terrain#brazil#mostly flat to rolling lowlands in north; some plains, hills, mountains, and narrow coastal belt)
(geography_terrain_lowest_point#brazil#Atlantic Ocean 0 m)
(geography_terrain_highest_point#brazil#Pico da Neblina 3,014 m)
(geography_natural_resources#brazil#bauxite, gold, iron ore, manganese, nickel, phosphates, platinum, tin, uranium, petroleum, hydropower, timber)
(geography_land_use_arable_land#brazil#7%)
(geography_land_use_permanent_crops#brazil#1%)
(geography_land_use_meadows_and_pastures#brazil#19%)
(geography_land_use_forest_and_woodland#brazil#67%)
(geography_land_use_other#brazil#6%)
(geography_irrigated_land#brazil#27,000 sq km {1989 est.})
(geography_environment_current_issues#brazil#deforestation in Amazon Basin destroys the habitat and endangers the existence of a multitude of plant and animal species indigenous to the area; air and water pollution in Rio de Janeiro, Sao Paulo, and several other large cities; land degradation and water pollution caused by improper mining activities)
(geography_environment_natural_hazards#brazil#recurring droughts in northeast; floods and occasional frost in south)
(geography_environment_international_agreements#brazil#party to - Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Wetlands, Whaling; signed, but not ratified - Desertification)
(geography_geographic_note#brazil#largest country in South America; shares common boundaries with every South American country except Chile and Ecuador)
(people_population#brazil#162,661,214 {July 1996 est.})
(people_age_structure_0-14_years#brazil#31% {male 25,286,278; female 24,422,897})
(people_age_structure_15-64_years#brazil#65% {male 52,232,435; female 53,094,724})
(people_age_structure_65_years_and_over#brazil#4% {male 3,072,720; female 4,552,160} {July 1996 est.})
(people_population_growth_rate#brazil#1.16% {1996 est.})
(people_birth_rate#brazil#20.8 births/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_death_rate#brazil#9.19 deaths/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_net_migration_rate#brazil#0 migrant{s}/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_sex_ratio_at_birth#brazil#1.05 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_under_15_years#brazil#1.04 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_15-64_years#brazil#0.98 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_65_years_and_over#brazil#0.68 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_all_ages#brazil#0.98 male{s}/female {1996 est.})
(people_infant_mortality_rate#brazil#55.3 deaths/1,000 live births {1996 est.})
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_total_population#brazil#61.62 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_male#brazil#56.67 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_female#brazil#66.81 years {1996 est.})
(people_total_fertility_rate#brazil#2.34 children born/woman {1996 est.})
(people_nationality_noun#brazil#Brazilian{s})
(people_nationality_adjective#brazil#Brazilian)
(people_ethnic_divisions#brazil#white {includes Portuguese, German, Italian, Spanish, Polish} 55%, mixed white and African 38%, African 6%, other {includes Japanese, Arab, Amerindian} 1%)
(people_religions#brazil#Roman Catholic {nominal} 70%)
(people_languages#brazil#Portuguese {official}, Spanish, English, French)
(people_literacy#brazil#age 15 and over can read and write {1995 est.})
(people_literacy_total_population#brazil#83.3%)
(people_literacy_male#brazil#83.3%)
(people_literacy_female#brazil#83.2%)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_long_form#brazil#Federative Republic of Brazil)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_short_form#brazil#Brazil)
(government_name_of_country_local_long_form#brazil#Republica Federativa do Brasil)
(government_name_of_country_local_short_form#brazil#Brasil)
(government_data_code#brazil#BR)
(government_type_of_government#brazil#federal republic)
(government_capital#brazil#Brasilia)
(government_administrative_divisions#brazil#26 states {estados, singular - estado} and 1 federal district* {distrito federal}; Acre, Alagoas, Amapa, Amazonas, Bahia, Ceara, Distrito Federal*, Espirito Santo, Goias, Maranhao, Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul, Minas Gerais, Para, Paraiba, Parana, Pernambuco, Piaui, Rio de Janeiro, Rio Grande do Norte, Rio Grande do Sul, Rondonia, Roraima, Santa Catarina, Sao Paulo, Sergipe, Tocantins)
(government_independence#brazil#7 September 1822 {from Portugal})
(government_national_holiday#brazil#Independence Day, 7 September {1822})
(government_constitution#brazil#5 October 1988)
(government_legal_system#brazil#based on Roman codes; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction)
(government_suffrage#brazil#voluntary between 16 and 18 years of age and over 70; compulsory over 18 and under 70 years of age)
(government_executive_branch_chief_of_state_and_head_of_government#brazil#President Fernando Henrique CARDOSO {since 1 January 1995} was elected for a four-year term by popular vote; election last held 3 October 1994; {next to be held October 1998}; results - Fernando Henrique CARDOSO 53%, Luis Inacio LULA da Silva 26%, Eneas CARNEIRO 7%, Orestes QUERCIA 4%, Leonel BRIZOLA 3%, Espiridiao AMIN 3%; note - second direct presidential election since 1960; Vice President Marco MARCIEL {since NA})
(government_executive_branch_cabinet#brazil#Cabinet was appointed by the president)
(government_legislative_branch#brazil#bicameral National Congress {Congresso Nacional})
(government_federal_senate_{senado_federal}#brazil#election last held 3 October 1994 for two-thirds of Senate {next to be held October 1996 for one-third of the Senate}; results - PMBD 28%, PFL 22%, PSDB 12%, PPR 7%, PDT 7%, PT 6%, PTB 6%, other 12%; seats - {81 total} seats by party NA)
(government_chamber_of_deputies_{camara_dos_deputados}#brazil#election last held 3 October 1994 {next to be held October 1998}; results - PMDB 21%, PFL 18%, PDT 7%, PSDB 12%, PPR 10%, PTB 6%, PT 10%, other 16%; seats - {517 total} seats by party NA)
(government_chamber_of_deputies_{camara_dos_deputados}_note#brazil#party totals since Fall 1994 have changed considerably due to extensive party-switching)
(government_judicial_branch#brazil#Supreme Federal Tribunal, judges are appointed for life by the Senate)
(government_political_parties_and_leaders#brazil#National Reconstruction Party {PRN}, Daniel TOURINHO, president; Brazilian Democratic Movement Party {PMDB}, Paes DE ANDRADE, president; Liberal Front Party {PFL}, Jorge BORNHAUSEN, president; Workers' Party {PT}, Jose DIRCEU, president; Brazilian Workers' Party {PTB}, Rodrigues PALMA, president; Democratic Labor Party {PDT}, Leonel BRIZOLA, president; Brazilian Progressive Party {PPB}, Espiridiao AMIN, president; Brazilian Social Democracy Party {PSDB}, Artur DA TAVOLA, president; Popular Socialist Party {PPS}, Roberto FREIRE, president; Communist Party of Brazil {PCdoB}, Joao AMAZONAS, chairman; Liberal Party {PL}, Alvaro VALLE, president)
(government_other_political_or_pressure_groups#brazil#left wing of the Catholic Church and labor unions allied to leftist Workers' Party are critical of government's social and economic policies)
(government_international_organization_participation#brazil#AfDB, AG {observer}, CCC, ECLAC, FAO, G-11, G-15, G-19, G-24, G-77, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Inmarsat, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, IOM {observer}, ISO, ITU, LAES, LAIA, Mercosur, MTCR, NAM {observer}, OAS, OPANAL, PCA, RG, UN, UNAVEM III, UNCRO, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNPREDEP, UNPROFOR, UNU, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_chief_of_mission#brazil#Ambassador Paulo Tarso FLECHA de LIMA)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_chancery#brazil#3006 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_telephone#brazil#[1] {202} 745-2700)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_fax#brazil#[1] {202} 745-2827)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_consulate{s}_general#brazil#Boston, Chicago, Los Angeles, Miami, New York, San Juan {Puerto Rico}, and San Francisco)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_consulate{s}#brazil#Houston)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_chief_of_mission#brazil#Ambassador Melvyn LEVITSKY)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_embassy#brazil#Avenida das Nacoes, Lote 3, Brasilia, Distrito Federal)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_mailing_address#brazil#Unit 3500, APO AA 34030)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_telephone#brazil#[55] {61} 321-7272)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_fax#brazil#[55] {61} 225-9136)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_consulate{s}_general#brazil#Rio de Janeiro, Sao Paulo)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_consulate{s}#brazil#Porto Alegre, Recife)
(government_flag#brazil#green with a large yellow diamond in the center bearing a blue celestial globe with 27 white five-pointed stars {one for each state and the Federal District} arranged in the same pattern as the night sky over Brazil; the globe has a white equatorial band with the motto ORDEM E PROGRESSO {Order and Progress})
(economy_economic_overview#brazil#With its large and well-developed agricultural, mining, manufacturing, and service sectors, Brazil has South America's largest GDP by far and has the potential to become a major player in the world economy. Prior to the institution of a stabilization plan in mid-1994, stratospheric inflation rates had devastated the economy and discouraged foreign investment. Since then, tight monetary policy has apparently brought inflation under control - consumer prices increased by 23% in 1995 compared to more than 1,000% in 1994. At the same time, GDP growth slowed from 5.7% to 4.2% as credit was tightened and the steadily appreciating real encouraged imports while depressing export growth. The increased stability of the Brazilian economy allowed it to weather the fallout from the Mexican peso crisis relatively well, with foreign funds flowing in during the second half of 1995 to swell official foreign exchange reserves past the $50 billion mark. Stock market indices in Sao Paulo and Rio de Janeiro, however, ended 26% lower in 1995. President CARDOSO remains committed to further reducing inflation in 1996 while boosting growth, but he faces key challenges. Servicing domestic debt has become dramatically more burdensome for both public and private sector entities because of very high real interest rates which are contributing to growing budget deficits and a surge in bankruptcies. Fiscal reforms, many of which require constitutional amendments, are proceeding at a slow pace through the Brazilian legislature; in their absence, the government is maintaining its strict monetary policy. Brazil's natural resources remain a major, long-run economic strength.)
(economy_gdp#brazil#purchasing power parity - $976.8 billion {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_real_growth_rate#brazil#4.2% {1995})
(economy_gdp_per_capita#brazil#$6,100 {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_agriculture#brazil#16%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_industry#brazil#25%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_services#brazil#59% {1994})
(economy_inflation_rate_{consumer_prices}#brazil#23% {1995})
(economy_labor_force#brazil#57 million {1989 est.})
(economy_labor_force_by_occupation#brazil#services 42%, agriculture 31%, industry 27%)
(economy_unemployment_rate#brazil#5% {1995 est.})
(economy_budget_revenues#brazil#$58.7 billion)
(economy_budget_expenditures#brazil#$54.9 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA {1994})
(economy_industries#brazil#textiles, shoes, chemicals, cement, lumber, iron ore, tin, steel, aircraft, motor vehicles and parts, other machinery and equipment)
(economy_industrial_production_growth_rate#brazil#3.5% {1995 est.})
(economy_electricity_capacity#brazil#55,130,000 kW)
(economy_electricity_production#brazil#241.4 billion kWh)
(economy_electricity_consumption_per_capita#brazil#1,589 kWh {1993})
(economy_agriculture#brazil#coffee, soybeans, wheat, rice, corn, sugarcane, cocoa, citrus; beef)
(economy_illicit_drugs#brazil#illicit producer of cannabis, coca cultivation in the Amazon region has diminished in recent years because of its low alkaloid content, mostly for domestic consumption; government has a large-scale eradication program to control cannabis; important transshipment country for Bolivian and Colombian cocaine headed for the US and Europe)
(economy_exports#brazil#$46.5 billion {f.o.b., 1995})
(economy_exports_commodities#brazil#iron ore, soybean bran, orange juice, footwear, coffee, motor vehicle parts)
(economy_exports_partners#brazil#EU 27.6%, Latin America 21.8%, US 17.4%, Japan 6.3% {1993})
(economy_imports#brazil#$49.7 billion {f.o.b., 1995})
(economy_imports_commodities#brazil#crude oil, capital goods, chemical products, foodstuffs, coal)
(economy_imports_partners#brazil#US 23.3%, EU 22.5%, Middle East 13.0%, Latin America 11.8%, Japan 6.5% {1993})
(economy_external_debt#brazil#$94 billion {1995 est.})
(economy_economic_aid_recipient#brazil#ODA, $107 million {1993})
(economy_currency#brazil#1 real {R$} = 100 centavos)
(economy_exchange_rates#brazil#R$ per US$1 - 0.975 {January 1996}, 0.918 {1995}, 0.639 {1994}; CR$ per US$1 - 390.845 {January 1994}, 88.449 {1993}, 4.513 {1992}, 0.407 {1991})
(economy_exchange_rates_note#brazil#on 1 August 1993 the cruzeiro real {CR$}, equal to 1,000 cruzeiros, was introduced; another new currency, the real {R$} was introduced on 1 July 1994, equal to 2,750 cruzeiro reals)
(economy_fiscal_year#brazil#calendar year)
(transportation_railways_total#brazil#27,418 km {1,750 km electrified})
(transportation_railways_broad_gauge#brazil#5,730 km 1.600-m gauge)
(transportation_railways_standard_gauge#brazil#194 km 1.440-m gauge)
(transportation_railways_narrow_gauge#brazil#20,958 km 1.000-m gauge; 13 km 0.760-m gauge)
(transportation_railways_dual_gauge#brazil#523 km 1.000-m and 1.600-m gauges)
(transportation_highways_total#brazil#1,661,850 km)
(transportation_highways_paved#brazil#142,919 km)
(transportation_highways_unpaved#brazil#1,518,931 km {1992 est.})
(transportation_waterways#brazil#50,000 km navigable)
(transportation_pipelines#brazil#crude oil 2,000 km; petroleum products 3,804 km; natural gas 1,095 km)
(transportation_ports#brazil#Belem, Fortaleza, Ilheus, Imbituba, Manaus, Paranagua, Porto Alegre, Recife, Rio de Janeiro, Rio Grande, Salvador, Santos, Vitoria)
(transportation_merchant_marine_total#brazil#207 ships {1,000 GRT or over} totaling 5,108,543 GRT/8,477,760 DWT)
(transportation_merchant_marine_ships_by_type#brazil#bulk 48, cargo 29, chemical tanker 11, combination ore/oil 12, container 14, liquefied gas tanker 11, multifunction large-load carrier 1, oil tanker 64, passenger-cargo 5, refrigerated cargo 1, roll-on/roll-off cargo 11 {1995 est.})
(transportation_airports_total#brazil#2,950)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_over_3,047_m#brazil#5)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_2,438_to_3,047_m#brazil#19)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_1,524_to_2,437_m#brazil#122)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_914_to_1,523_m#brazil#295)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_under_914_m#brazil#1,298)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_1,524_to_2,437_m#brazil#66)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_914_to_1,523_m#brazil#1,145 {1995 est.})
(communications_telephones#brazil#14,426,673 {1992 est.})
(communications_telephone_system#brazil#good working system)
(communications_telephone_system_domestic#brazil#extensive microwave radio relay system and a domestic satellite system with 64 earth stations)
(communications_telephone_system_international#brazil#3 coaxial submarine cables; satellite earth stations - 3 Intelsat {Atlantic Ocean}, 1 Inmarsat {Atlantic Ocean Region East})
(communications_radio_broadcast_stations#brazil#AM 1,223, FM 0, shortwave 151)
(communications_radios#brazil#60 million {1993 est.})
(communications_television_broadcast_stations#brazil#112)
(communications_television_broadcast_stations_note#brazil#Brazil has the world's fourth largest television broadcasting system)
(communications_televisions#brazil#30 million {1993 est.})
(defense_branches#brazil#Brazilian Army, Brazilian Navy {includes Marines}, Brazilian Air Force, Federal Police {paramilitary})
(defense_manpower_availability_males_age_15-49#brazil#45,091,300)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_fit_for_military_service#brazil#30,330,711)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_reach_military_age_{18}_annually#brazil#1,734,981 {1996 est.})
(defense_defense_expenditures#brazil#exchange rate conversion - $6.736 billion, 1.1% of GDP {1994})
(header_affiliation#british_indian_ocean_territory#{dependent territory of the UK})
(geography_location#british_indian_ocean_territory#Southern Asia, archipelago in the Indian Ocean, about one-half the way from Africa to Indonesia)
(geography_geographic_coordinates#british_indian_ocean_territory#6 00 S, 71 30 E)
(geography_map_references#british_indian_ocean_territory#World)
(geography_area_total_area#british_indian_ocean_territory#60 sq km)
(geography_area_land_area#british_indian_ocean_territory#60 sq km)
(geography_area_comparative_area#british_indian_ocean_territory#about 0.5 times the size of Washington, DC)
(geography_area_note#british_indian_ocean_territory#includes the entire Chagos Archipelago)
(geography_land_boundaries#british_indian_ocean_territory#0 km)
(geography_coastline#british_indian_ocean_territory#698 km)
(geography_maritime_claims_exclusive_fishing_zone#british_indian_ocean_territory#200 nm)
(geography_maritime_claims_territorial_sea#british_indian_ocean_territory#3 nm)
(geography_international_disputes#british_indian_ocean_territory#the island of Diego Garcia is claimed by Mauritius)
(geography_climate#british_indian_ocean_territory#tropical marine; hot, humid, moderated by trade winds)
(geography_terrain#british_indian_ocean_territory#flat and low {up to four meters in elevation})
(geography_terrain_lowest_point#british_indian_ocean_territory#Indian Ocean 0 m)
(geography_terrain_highest_point#british_indian_ocean_territory#unnamed location on Diego Garcia 15 m)
(geography_natural_resources#british_indian_ocean_territory#coconuts, fish)
(geography_land_use_arable_land#british_indian_ocean_territory#0%)
(geography_land_use_permanent_crops#british_indian_ocean_territory#0%)
(geography_land_use_meadows_and_pastures#british_indian_ocean_territory#0%)
(geography_land_use_forest_and_woodland#british_indian_ocean_territory#0%)
(geography_land_use_other#british_indian_ocean_territory#100%)
(geography_irrigated_land#british_indian_ocean_territory#0 sq km)
(geography_environment_current_issues#british_indian_ocean_territory#NA)
(geography_environment_natural_hazards#british_indian_ocean_territory#NA)
(geography_environment_international_agreements#british_indian_ocean_territory#NA)
(geography_geographic_note#british_indian_ocean_territory#archipelago of 2,300 islands; Diego Garcia, largest and southernmost island, occupies strategic location in central Indian Ocean; island is site of joint US-UK military facility)
(people_population#british_indian_ocean_territory#no indigenous inhabitants)
(people_population_note#british_indian_ocean_territory#there are UK-US military personnel and civilian contractors; civilian inhabitants, known as the Ilois, evacuated to Mauritius before construction of UK-US military facilities)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_long_form#british_indian_ocean_territory#British Indian Ocean Territory)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_short_form#british_indian_ocean_territory#none)
(government_name_of_country_abbreviation#british_indian_ocean_territory#BIOT)
(government_data_code#british_indian_ocean_territory#IO)
(government_type_of_government#british_indian_ocean_territory#dependent territory of the UK)
(government_capital#british_indian_ocean_territory#none)
(government_independence#british_indian_ocean_territory#none {dependent territory of the UK})
(government_executive_branch_chief_of_state#british_indian_ocean_territory#Queen ELIZABETH II {of the United Kingdom since 6 February 1952} is a hereditary monarch)
(government_executive_branch_head_of_government#british_indian_ocean_territory#Commissioner David Ross MACLENNAN {since NA 1994}; Administrator Don CAIRNS {since NA}; note - both reside in the UK)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us#british_indian_ocean_territory#none {dependent territory of the UK})
(government_us_diplomatic_representation#british_indian_ocean_territory#none {dependent territory of the UK})
(government_flag#british_indian_ocean_territory#white with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side quadrant and six blue wavy horizontal stripes bearing a palm tree and yellow crown centered on the outer half of the flag)
(economy_economic_overview#british_indian_ocean_territory#All economic activity is concentrated on the largest island of Diego Garcia, where joint UK-US defense facilities are located. Construction projects and various services needed to support the military installations are done by military and contract employees from the UK, Mauritius, the Philippines, and the US. There are no industrial or agricultural activities on the islands.)
(economy_electricity#british_indian_ocean_territory#provided by the US military)
(transportation_railways#british_indian_ocean_territory#0 km)
(transportation_highways_total#british_indian_ocean_territory#NA km)
(transportation_highways_paved#british_indian_ocean_territory#short stretch of paved road of NA km between port and airfield on Diego Garcia)
(transportation_highways_unpaved#british_indian_ocean_territory#NA km)
(transportation_ports#british_indian_ocean_territory#Diego Garcia)
(transportation_airports_total#british_indian_ocean_territory#1)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_over_3,047_m#british_indian_ocean_territory#1 {1995 est.})
(communications_telephones#british_indian_ocean_territory#NA)
(communications_telephone_system#british_indian_ocean_territory#facilities for military needs only)
(communications_telephone_system_domestic#british_indian_ocean_territory#NA)
(communications_telephone_system_international#british_indian_ocean_territory#NA)
(communications_radio_broadcast_stations#british_indian_ocean_territory#AM 1, FM 1, shortwave 0)
(communications_radios#british_indian_ocean_territory#NA)
(communications_television_broadcast_stations#british_indian_ocean_territory#1)
(communications_televisions#british_indian_ocean_territory#NA)
(defense_defense_note#british_indian_ocean_territory#defense is the responsibility of the UK)
(header_affiliation#british_virgin_islands#{dependent territory of the UK})
(geography_location#british_virgin_islands#Caribbean, between the Caribbean Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean, east of Puerto Rico)
(geography_geographic_coordinates#british_virgin_islands#18 30 N, 64 30 W)
(geography_map_references#british_virgin_islands#Central America and the Caribbean)
(geography_area_total_area#british_virgin_islands#150 sq km)
(geography_area_land_area#british_virgin_islands#150 sq km)
(geography_area_comparative_area#british_virgin_islands#about 0.9 times the size of Washington, DC)
(geography_area_note#british_virgin_islands#includes the island of Anegada)
(geography_land_boundaries#british_virgin_islands#0 km)
(geography_coastline#british_virgin_islands#80 km)
(geography_maritime_claims_exclusive_fishing_zone#british_virgin_islands#200 nm)
(geography_maritime_claims_territorial_sea#british_virgin_islands#3 nm)
(geography_international_disputes#british_virgin_islands#none)
(geography_climate#british_virgin_islands#subtropical; humid; temperatures moderated by trade winds)
(geography_terrain#british_virgin_islands#coral islands relatively flat; volcanic islands steep, hilly)
(geography_terrain_lowest_point#british_virgin_islands#Caribbean Sea 0 m)
(geography_terrain_highest_point#british_virgin_islands#Mount Sage 521 m)
(geography_natural_resources#british_virgin_islands#NEGL)
(geography_land_use_arable_land#british_virgin_islands#20%)
(geography_land_use_permanent_crops#british_virgin_islands#7%)
(geography_land_use_meadows_and_pastures#british_virgin_islands#33%)
(geography_land_use_forest_and_woodland#british_virgin_islands#7%)
(geography_land_use_other#british_virgin_islands#33%)
(geography_irrigated_land#british_virgin_islands#NA sq km)
(geography_environment_current_issues#british_virgin_islands#limited natural fresh water resources {except for a few seasonal streams and springs on Tortola, most of the island's water supply comes from wells and rainwater catchment})
(geography_environment_natural_hazards#british_virgin_islands#hurricanes and tropical storms {July to October})
(geography_environment_international_agreements#british_virgin_islands#NA)
(geography_geographic_note#british_virgin_islands#strong ties to nearby US Virgin Islands and Puerto Rico)
(people_population#british_virgin_islands#13,195 {July 1996 est.})
(people_age_structure_0-14_years#british_virgin_islands#NA)
(people_age_structure_15-64_years#british_virgin_islands#NA)
(people_age_structure_65_years_and_over#british_virgin_islands#NA)
(people_population_growth_rate#british_virgin_islands#1.29% {1996 est.})
(people_birth_rate#british_virgin_islands#20.19 births/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_death_rate#british_virgin_islands#6.05 deaths/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_net_migration_rate#british_virgin_islands#-1.2 migrant{s}/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_sex_ratio_at_birth#british_virgin_islands#NA male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_under_15_years#british_virgin_islands#NA male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_15-64_years#british_virgin_islands#NA male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_65_years_and_over#british_virgin_islands#NA male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_all_ages#british_virgin_islands#NA male{s}/female)
(people_infant_mortality_rate#british_virgin_islands#19.16 deaths/1,000 live births {1996 est.})
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_total_population#british_virgin_islands#72.78 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_male#british_virgin_islands#70.93 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_female#british_virgin_islands#74.75 years {1996 est.})
(people_total_fertility_rate#british_virgin_islands#2.26 children born/woman {1996 est.})
(people_nationality_noun#british_virgin_islands#British Virgin Islander{s})
(people_nationality_adjective#british_virgin_islands#British Virgin Islander)
(people_ethnic_divisions#british_virgin_islands#black 90%, white, Asian)
(people_religions#british_virgin_islands#Protestant 86% {Methodist 45%, Anglican 21%, Church of God 7%, Seventh-Day Adventist 5%, Baptist 4%, Jehovah's Witnesses 2%, other 2%}, Roman Catholic 6%, none 2%, other 6% {1981})
(people_languages#british_virgin_islands#English {official})
(people_literacy#british_virgin_islands#age 15 and over can read and write {1991 est.})
(people_literacy_total_population#british_virgin_islands#97.8%)
(people_literacy_male#british_virgin_islands#NA%)
(people_literacy_female#british_virgin_islands#NA%)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_long_form#british_virgin_islands#none)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_short_form#british_virgin_islands#British Virgin Islands)
(government_name_of_country_abbreviation#british_virgin_islands#BVI)
(government_data_code#british_virgin_islands#VI)
(government_type_of_government#british_virgin_islands#dependent territory of the UK)
(government_capital#british_virgin_islands#Road Town)
(government_administrative_divisions#british_virgin_islands#none {dependent territory of the UK})
(government_independence#british_virgin_islands#none {dependent territory of the UK})
(government_national_holiday#british_virgin_islands#Territory Day, 1 July)
(government_constitution#british_virgin_islands#1 June 1977)
(government_legal_system#british_virgin_islands#English law)
(government_suffrage#british_virgin_islands#18 years of age; universal)
(government_executive_branch_chief_of_state#british_virgin_islands#Queen ELIZABETH II {of the United Kingdom since 6 February 1952}, hereditary monarch, is represented by Governor David MACKILLIGIN {since NA June 1995} who was appointed by the queen)
(government_executive_branch_head_of_government#british_virgin_islands#Chief Minister Ralph T. O'NEAL {since 15 May 1995; appointed after the death of former Chief Minister H. Lavity STOUTT} was appointed by the governor from among the members of the Legislative Council)
(government_executive_branch_cabinet#british_virgin_islands#Executive Council is appointed by the governor)
(government_legislative_branch#british_virgin_islands#unicameral)
(government_legislative_council#british_virgin_islands#election last held 20 February 1995 {next to be held NA February 2000}; results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - {13 total} VIP 6, CCM 2, UP 2, independents 3)
(government_judicial_branch#british_virgin_islands#Eastern Caribbean Supreme Court)
(government_political_parties_and_leaders#british_virgin_islands#United Party {UP}, Conrad MADURO; Virgin Islands Party {VIP}; Concerned Citizens Movement {CCM}, E. Walwyln BREWLEY)
(government_international_organization_participation#british_virgin_islands#Caricom {associate}, CDB, ECLAC {associate}, Interpol {subbureau}, IOC, OECS {associate}, UNESCO {associate})
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us#british_virgin_islands#none {dependent territory of the UK})
(government_us_diplomatic_representation#british_virgin_islands#none {dependent territory of the UK})
(government_flag#british_virgin_islands#blue with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side quadrant and the Virgin Islander coat of arms centered in the outer half of the flag; the coat of arms depicts a woman flanked on either side by a vertical column of six oil lamps above a scroll bearing the Latin word VIGILATE {Be Watchful})
(economy_economic_overview#british_virgin_islands#The economy, one of the most prosperous in the Caribbean, is highly dependent on tourism, which generates an estimated 45% of the national income. In 1985, the government began offering offshore registration to companies wishing to incorporate in the islands, and incorporation fees now generate substantial revenues. The adoption of a comprehensive insurance law in late 1994, which provides a blanket of confidentiality with regulated statutory gateways for investigation of criminal offenses, is expected to make the British Virgin Islands even more attractive to international business. Livestock raising is the most important agricultural activity; poor soils limit the islands' ability to meet domestic food requirements. Because of traditional close links with the US Virgin Islands, the British Virgin Islands have used the dollar as their currency since 1959.)
(economy_gdp#british_virgin_islands#purchasing power parity - $133 million {1991 est.})
(economy_gdp_real_growth_rate#british_virgin_islands#2% {1991 est.})
(economy_gdp_per_capita#british_virgin_islands#$10,600 {1991 est.})
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_agriculture#british_virgin_islands#NA%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_industry#british_virgin_islands#NA%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_services#british_virgin_islands#NA%)
(economy_inflation_rate_{consumer_prices}#british_virgin_islands#2.5% {1990 est.})
(economy_labor_force#british_virgin_islands#4,911 {1980})
(economy_labor_force_by_occupation#british_virgin_islands#NA)
(economy_unemployment_rate#british_virgin_islands#NEGL% {1992})
(economy_budget_revenues#british_virgin_islands#$77.1 million)
(economy_budget_expenditures#british_virgin_islands#$76.4 million, including capital expenditures of $NA {FY93/94})
(economy_industries#british_virgin_islands#tourism, light industry, construction, rum, concrete block, offshore financial center)
(economy_industrial_production_growth_rate#british_virgin_islands#4% {1985})
(economy_electricity_capacity#british_virgin_islands#10,500 kW)
(economy_electricity_production#british_virgin_islands#50 million kWh)
(economy_electricity_consumption_per_capita#british_virgin_islands#3,148 kWh {1993})
(economy_agriculture#british_virgin_islands#fruits, vegetables; livestock, poultry; fish)
(economy_exports#british_virgin_islands#$2.7 million {f.o.b., 1988})
(economy_exports_commodities#british_virgin_islands#rum, fresh fish, gravel, sand, fruits, animals)
(economy_exports_partners#british_virgin_islands#Virgin Islands {US}, Puerto Rico, US)
(economy_imports#british_virgin_islands#$11.5 million {c.i.f., 1988})
(economy_imports_commodities#british_virgin_islands#building materials, automobiles, foodstuffs, machinery)
(economy_imports_partners#british_virgin_islands#Virgin Islands {US}, Puerto Rico, US)
(economy_external_debt#british_virgin_islands#$4.5 million {1985})
(economy_economic_aid#british_virgin_islands#$NA)
(economy_currency#british_virgin_islands#1 United States dollar {US$} = 100 cents)
(economy_exchange_rates#british_virgin_islands#US currency is used)
(economy_fiscal_year#british_virgin_islands#1 April - 31 March)
(transportation_railways#british_virgin_islands#0 km)
(transportation_highways_total#british_virgin_islands#106 km {1983 est.})
(transportation_highways_paved#british_virgin_islands#NA km)
(transportation_highways_unpaved#british_virgin_islands#NA km)
(transportation_ports#british_virgin_islands#Road Town)
(transportation_merchant_marine#british_virgin_islands#none {1995 est.})
(transportation_airports_total#british_virgin_islands#3)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_914_to_1,523_m#british_virgin_islands#1)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_under_914_m#british_virgin_islands#1)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_914_to_1,523_m#british_virgin_islands#1 {1995 est.})
(communications_telephones#british_virgin_islands#6,291 {1990 est.})
(communications_telephone_system#british_virgin_islands#worldwide telephone service)
(communications_telephone_system_domestic#british_virgin_islands#NA)
(communications_telephone_system_international#british_virgin_islands#submarine cable to Bermuda)
(communications_radio_broadcast_stations#british_virgin_islands#AM 1, FM 0, shortwave 0)
(communications_radios#british_virgin_islands#9,000 {1992 est.})
(communications_television_broadcast_stations#british_virgin_islands#1)
(communications_televisions#british_virgin_islands#4,000 {1992 est.})
(defense_defense_note#british_virgin_islands#defense is the responsibility of the UK)
(geography_location#brunei#Southeastern Asia, bordering the South China Sea and Malaysia)
(geography_geographic_coordinates#brunei#4 30 N, 114 40 E)
(geography_map_references#brunei#Southeast Asia)
(geography_area_total_area#brunei#5,770 sq km)
(geography_area_land_area#brunei#5,270 sq km)
(geography_area_comparative_area#brunei#slightly larger than Delaware)
(geography_land_boundaries_total#brunei#381 km)
(geography_land_boundaries_border_country#brunei#Malaysia 381 km)
(geography_coastline#brunei#161 km)
(geography_maritime_claims_exclusive_economic_zone#brunei#200 nm or to median line)
(geography_maritime_claims_territorial_sea#brunei#12 nm)
(geography_international_disputes#brunei#may wish to purchase the Malaysian salient that divides the country; all of the Spratly Islands are claimed by China, Taiwan, and Vietnam; parts of them are claimed by Malaysia and the Philippines; in 1984, Brunei established an exclusive fishing zone that encompasses Louisa Reef, but has not publicly claimed the island)
(geography_climate#brunei#tropical; hot, humid, rainy)
(geography_terrain#brunei#flat coastal plain rises to mountains in east; hilly lowland in west)
(geography_terrain_lowest_point#brunei#South China Sea 0 m)
(geography_terrain_highest_point#brunei#Bukit Pagon 1,850 m)
(geography_natural_resources#brunei#petroleum, natural gas, timber)
(geography_land_use_arable_land#brunei#1%)
(geography_land_use_permanent_crops#brunei#1%)
(geography_land_use_meadows_and_pastures#brunei#1%)
(geography_land_use_forest_and_woodland#brunei#79%)
(geography_land_use_other#brunei#18%)
(geography_irrigated_land#brunei#10 sq km {1989 est.})
(geography_environment_current_issues#brunei#NA)
(geography_environment_natural_hazards#brunei#typhoons, earthquakes, and severe flooding are very rare)
(geography_environment_international_agreements#brunei#party to - Endangered Species, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Whaling; signed, but not ratified - Law of the Sea)
(geography_geographic_note#brunei#close to vital sea lanes through South China Sea linking Indian and Pacific Oceans; two parts physically separated by Malaysia; almost an enclave of Malaysia)
(people_population#brunei#299,939 {July 1996 est.})
(people_age_structure_0-14_years#brunei#33% {male 51,266; female 49,194})
(people_age_structure_15-64_years#brunei#62% {male 98,806; female 88,323})
(people_age_structure_65_years_and_over#brunei#5% {male 6,843; female 5,507} {July 1996 est.})
(people_population_growth_rate#brunei#2.56% {1996 est.})
(people_birth_rate#brunei#25.5 births/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_death_rate#brunei#5.1 deaths/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_net_migration_rate#brunei#5.18 migrant{s}/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_sex_ratio_at_birth#brunei#1.06 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_under_15_years#brunei#1.04 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_15-64_years#brunei#1.12 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_65_years_and_over#brunei#1.24 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_all_ages#brunei#1.1 male{s}/female {1996 est.})
(people_infant_mortality_rate#brunei#24.2 deaths/1,000 live births {1996 est.})
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_total_population#brunei#71.39 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_male#brunei#69.82 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_female#brunei#73.04 years {1996 est.})
(people_total_fertility_rate#brunei#3.39 children born/woman {1996 est.})
(people_nationality_noun#brunei#Bruneian{s})
(people_nationality_adjective#brunei#Bruneian)
(people_ethnic_divisions#brunei#Malay 64%, Chinese 20%, other 16%)
(people_religions#brunei#Muslim {official} 63%, Buddhism 14%, Christian 8%, indigenous beliefs and other 15% {1981})
(people_languages#brunei#Malay {official}, English, Chinese)
(people_literacy#brunei#age 15 and over can read and write {1995 est.})
(people_literacy_total_population#brunei#88.2%)
(people_literacy_male#brunei#92.6%)
(people_literacy_female#brunei#83.4%)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_long_form#brunei#Negara Brunei Darussalam)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_short_form#brunei#Brunei)
(government_data_code#brunei#BX)
(government_type_of_government#brunei#constitutional sultanate)
(government_capital#brunei#Bandar Seri Begawan)
(government_administrative_divisions#brunei#4 districts {daerah-daerah, singular - daerah}; Belait, Brunei and Muara, Temburong, Tutong)
(government_independence#brunei#1 January 1984 {from UK})
(government_national_holiday#brunei#National Day, 23 February {1984})
(government_constitution#brunei#29 September 1959 {some provisions suspended under a State of Emergency since December 1962, others since independence on 1 January 1984})
(government_legal_system#brunei#based on Islamic law)
(government_suffrage#brunei#none)
(government_executive_branch_chief_of_state_and_head_of_government#brunei#Sultan and Prime Minister His Majesty Paduka Seri Baginda Sultan Haji HASSANAL Bolkiah Mu'izzaddin Waddaulah {since 5 October 1967} is a traditional Islamic monarch)
(government_executive_branch_cabinet#brunei#Council of Cabinet Ministers is composed chiefly of members of the royal family, appointed and presided over by the sultan; deals with executive matters)
(government_religious_council#brunei#is appointed by the sultan; advises on religious matters)
(government_privy_council#brunei#is appointed by the sultan; deals with constitutional matters)
(government_privy_council_the_council_of_succession#brunei#is appointed by the sultan; determines the succession to the throne if the need arises)
(government_legislative_branch#brunei#unicameral)
(government_legislative_council_{majlis_masyuarat_megeri}#brunei#elections last held in March 1962; in 1970 the Council was changed to an appointive body by decree of the sultan; an elected Legislative Council is being considered as part of constitutional reform, but elections are unlikely for several years)
(government_judicial_branch#brunei#Supreme Court, chief justice and judges are sworn in by the sultan for a three-year term)
(government_political_parties_and_leaders#brunei#Brunei United National Party {inactive}, Anak HASANUDDIN, chairman; Brunei National Solidarity Party {the first legal political party and now banned}, leader NA; Brunei Peoples Party {banned}, leader NA)
(government_international_organization_participation#brunei#APEC, ASEAN, C, ESCAP, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, IDB, IMF, IMO, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, ISO {correspondent}, ITU, Mekong Group, NAM, OIC, UN, UNCTAD, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTrO)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_chief_of_mission#brunei#Ambassador JAYA bin Abdul Latif)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_chancery#brunei#Watergate, Suite 300, 3rd floor, 2600 Virginia Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20037)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_telephone#brunei#[1] {202} 342-0159)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_fax#brunei#[1] {202} 342-0158)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_chief_of_mission#brunei#Ambassador Theresa A. TULL)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_embassy#brunei#Third Floor, Teck Guan Plaza, Jalan Sultan, Bandar Seri Begawan)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_mailing_address#brunei#American Embassy Box B, Bandar Seri Begawan, APO AP 96440)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_telephone#brunei#[673] {2} 229670)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_fax#brunei#[673] {2} 225293)
(government_flag#brunei#yellow with two diagonal bands of white {top, almost double width} and black starting from the upper hoist side; the national emblem in red is superimposed at the center; the emblem includes a swallow-tailed flag on top of a winged column within an upturned crescent above a scroll and flanked by two upraised hands)
(economy_economic_overview#brunei#The economy is a mixture of foreign and domestic entrepreneurship, government regulation and welfare measures, and village tradition. It is almost totally supported by exports of crude oil and natural gas, with revenues from the petroleum sector accounting for more than 40% of GDP. Per capita GDP is among the highest in the Third World, and substantial income from overseas investment supplements domestic production. The government provides for all medical services and subsidizes food and housing.)
(economy_gdp#brunei#purchasing power parity - $4.6 billion {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_real_growth_rate#brunei#2% {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_per_capita#brunei#$15,800 {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_agriculture#brunei#3%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_industry#brunei#42%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_services#brunei#55%)
(economy_inflation_rate_{consumer_prices}#brunei#2.4% {1994 est.})
(economy_labor_force#brunei#119,000 {1993 est.}; note - includes members of the Army)
(economy_labor_force_by_occupation#brunei#government 47.5%, production of oil, natural gas, services, and construction 41.9%, agriculture, forestry, and fishing 3.8% {1986})
(economy_labor_force_note#brunei#33% of labor force is foreign {1988})
(economy_unemployment_rate#brunei#4.8% {1994 est.})
(economy_budget_revenues#brunei#$2.1 billion)
(economy_budget_expenditures#brunei#$2.1 billion, including capital expenditures of $427 million {1993})
(economy_industries#brunei#petroleum, petroleum refining, liquefied natural gas, construction)
(economy_industrial_production_growth_rate#brunei#12.9% {1987})
(economy_electricity_capacity#brunei#380,000 kW)
(economy_electricity_production#brunei#1.2 billion kWh)
(economy_electricity_consumption_per_capita#brunei#3,971 kWh {1993})
(economy_agriculture#brunei#rice, cassava {tapioca}, bananas; water buffalo, pigs)
(economy_exports#brunei#$2.4 billion {f.o.b., 1994 est.})
(economy_exports_commodities#brunei#crude oil, liquefied natural gas, petroleum products)
(economy_exports_partners#brunei#Japan 50%, UK 19%, Thailand 10%, Singapore 9% {1994 est.})
(economy_imports#brunei#$1.8 billion {c.i.f., 1994 est.})
(economy_imports_commodities#brunei#machinery and transport equipment, manufactured goods, food, chemicals)
(economy_imports_partners#brunei#Singapore 29%, UK 19%, US 13%, Malaysia 9%, Japan 5% {1994 est.})
(economy_external_debt#brunei#$0)
(economy_economic_aid#brunei#$NA)
(economy_currency#brunei#1 Bruneian dollar {B$} = 100 cents)
(economy_exchange_rates#brunei#Bruneian dollars {B$} per US$1 - 1.4214 {January 1996}, 1.4174 {1995}, 1.5274 {1994}, 1.6158 {1993}, 1.6290 {1992}, 1.7276 {1991}; note - the Bruneian dollar is at par with the Singapore dollar)
(economy_fiscal_year#brunei#calendar year)
(transportation_railways_total#brunei#13 km private line)
(transportation_railways_narrow_gauge#brunei#13 km 0.610-m gauge)
(transportation_highways_total#brunei#2,443 km)
(transportation_highways_paved#brunei#1,296 km)
(transportation_highways_unpaved#brunei#1,147 km {1993})
(transportation_waterways#brunei#209 km; navigable by craft drawing less than 1.2 m)
(transportation_pipelines#brunei#crude oil 135 km; petroleum products 418 km; natural gas 920 km)
(transportation_ports#brunei#Bandar Seri Begawan, Kuala Belait, Muara, Seria, Tutong)
(transportation_merchant_marine_total#brunei#7 liquefied gas tankers {1,000 GRT or over} totaling 348,476 GRT/340,635 DWT {1994 est.})
(transportation_airports#brunei#2)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_over_3,047_m#brunei#1)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_914_to_1,523_m#brunei#1 {1995 est.})
(transportation_heliports#brunei#3 {1995 est.})
(communications_telephones#brunei#76,900 {1993})
(communications_telephone_system#brunei#service throughout country is adequate for present needs; international service good to adjacent Malaysia)
(communications_telephone_system_domestic#brunei#NA)
(communications_telephone_system_international#brunei#satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat {1 Indian Ocean and 1 Pacific Ocean})
(communications_radio_broadcast_stations#brunei#AM 4, FM 4, shortwave 0)
(communications_radios#brunei#115,000 {1993})
(communications_television_broadcast_stations#brunei#1 {1984 est.})
(communications_televisions#brunei#78,000 {1993 est.})
(defense_branches#brunei#Land Forces, Navy, Air Force, Royal Brunei Police)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_age_15-49#brunei#83,641)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_fit_for_military_service#brunei#48,559)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_reach_military_age_{18}_annually#brunei#2,918 {1996 est.})
(defense_defense_expenditures#brunei#exchange rate conversion - $312 million, 6.2% of GDP {1994})
(geography_location#bulgaria#Southeastern Europe, bordering the Black Sea, between Romania and Turkey)
(geography_geographic_coordinates#bulgaria#43 00 N, 25 00 E)
(geography_map_references#bulgaria#Europe)
(geography_area_total_area#bulgaria#110,910 sq km)
(geography_area_land_area#bulgaria#110,550 sq km)
(geography_area_comparative_area#bulgaria#slightly larger than Tennessee)
(geography_land_boundaries_total#bulgaria#1,808 km)
(geography_land_boundaries_border_countries#bulgaria#Greece 494 km, The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia 148 km, Romania 608 km, Serbia and Montenegro 318 km {all with Serbia}, Turkey 240 km)
(geography_coastline#bulgaria#354 km)
(geography_maritime_claims_contiguous_zone#bulgaria#24 nm)
(geography_maritime_claims_exclusive_economic_zone#bulgaria#200 nm)
(geography_maritime_claims_territorial_sea#bulgaria#12 nm)
(geography_international_disputes#bulgaria#none)
(geography_climate#bulgaria#temperate; cold, damp winters; hot, dry summers)
(geography_terrain#bulgaria#mostly mountains with lowlands in north and southeast)
(geography_terrain_lowest_point#bulgaria#Black Sea 0 m)
(geography_terrain_highest_point#bulgaria#Musala 2,925 m)
(geography_natural_resources#bulgaria#bauxite, copper, lead, zinc, coal, timber, arable land)
(geography_land_use_arable_land#bulgaria#34%)
(geography_land_use_permanent_crops#bulgaria#3%)
(geography_land_use_meadows_and_pastures#bulgaria#18%)
(geography_land_use_forest_and_woodland#bulgaria#35%)
(geography_land_use_other#bulgaria#10%)
(geography_irrigated_land#bulgaria#10 sq km {1989 est.})
(geography_environment_current_issues#bulgaria#air pollution from industrial emissions; rivers polluted from raw sewage, heavy metals, detergents; deforestation; forest damage from air pollution and resulting acid rain; soil contamination from heavy metals from metallurgical plants and industrial wastes)
(geography_environment_natural_hazards#bulgaria#earthquakes, landslides)
(geography_environment_international_agreements#bulgaria#party to - Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Sulphur 85, Antarctic Treaty, Climate Change, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands; signed, but not ratified - Air Pollution-Sulphur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Biodiversity, Law of the Sea)
(geography_geographic_note#bulgaria#strategic location near Turkish Straits; controls key land routes from Europe to Middle East and Asia)
(people_population#bulgaria#8,612,757 {July 1996 est.})
(people_age_structure_0-14_years#bulgaria#17% {male 769,025; female 732,119})
(people_age_structure_15-64_years#bulgaria#68% {male 2,891,197; female 2,923,440})
(people_age_structure_65_years_and_over#bulgaria#15% {male 561,944; female 735,032} {July 1996 est.})
(people_population_growth_rate#bulgaria#0.46% {1996 est.})
(people_birth_rate#bulgaria#8.33 births/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_death_rate#bulgaria#13.55 deaths/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_net_migration_rate#bulgaria#9.81 migrant{s}/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_sex_ratio_at_birth#bulgaria#1.05 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_under_15_years#bulgaria#1.05 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_15-64_years#bulgaria#0.99 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_65_years_and_over#bulgaria#0.76 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_all_ages#bulgaria#0.96 male{s}/female {1996 est.})
(people_infant_mortality_rate#bulgaria#15.7 deaths/1,000 live births {1996 est.})
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_total_population#bulgaria#71 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_male#bulgaria#67.07 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_female#bulgaria#75.12 years {1996 est.})
(people_total_fertility_rate#bulgaria#1.17 children born/woman {1996 est.})
(people_nationality_noun#bulgaria#Bulgarian{s})
(people_nationality_adjective#bulgaria#Bulgarian)
(people_ethnic_divisions#bulgaria#Bulgarian 85.3%, Turk 8.5%, Gypsy 2.6%, Macedonian 2.5%, Armenian 0.3%, Russian 0.2%, other 0.6%)
(people_religions#bulgaria#Bulgarian Orthodox 85%, Muslim 13%, Jewish 0.8%, Roman Catholic 0.5%, Uniate Catholic 0.2%, Protestant, Gregorian-Armenian, and other 0.5%)
(people_languages#bulgaria#Bulgarian, secondary languages closely correspond to ethnic breakdown)
(people_literacy#bulgaria#age 15 and over can read and write {1992 est.})
(people_literacy_total_population#bulgaria#98%)
(people_literacy_male#bulgaria#99%)
(people_literacy_female#bulgaria#97%)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_long_form#bulgaria#Republic of Bulgaria)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_short_form#bulgaria#Bulgaria)
(government_data_code#bulgaria#BU)
(government_type_of_government#bulgaria#emerging democracy)
(government_capital#bulgaria#Sofia)
(government_administrative_divisions#bulgaria#9 provinces {oblasti, singular - oblast}; Burgas, Grad Sofiya, Khaskovo, Lovech, Montana, Plovdiv, Ruse, Sofiya, Varna)
(government_independence#bulgaria#22 September 1908 {from Ottoman Empire})
(government_national_holiday#bulgaria#Independence Day, 3 March {1878})
(government_constitution#bulgaria#adopted 12 July 1991)
(government_legal_system#bulgaria#based on civil law system with Soviet law influence; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction)
(government_suffrage#bulgaria#18 years of age; universal and compulsory)
(government_executive_branch_chief_of_state#bulgaria#President Zhelyu Mitev ZHELEV {since 1 August 1990, when he was elected by the National Assembly}; president and vice president elected for five-year terms by popular vote; election last held NA January 1992 {next to be held NA 1997}; results - Zhelyu ZHELEV elected by popular vote; Vice President {vacant})
(government_executive_branch_head_of_government#bulgaria#Chairman of the Council of Ministers {Prime Minister} Zhan VIDENOV {since 25 January 1995} appointed by the president; Deputy Prime Ministers Doncho KONAKCHIEV {since 25 January 1995}, Atanas PAPAKIZOV {since NA}, Rumen GECHEV {since 25 January 1995}, Svetoslav SHIVAROV {since 25 January 1995})
(government_executive_branch_cabinet#bulgaria#Council of Ministers elected by the National Assembly)
(government_legislative_branch#bulgaria#unicameral)
(government_national_assembly_{narodno_sobranie}#bulgaria#last held 18 December 1994 {next to be held NA 1997}; results - BSP 43.5%, UDF 24.2%, PU 6.5%, MRF 5.4%, BBB 4.7%; seats - {240 total} BSP 125, UDF 69, PU 18, MRF 15, BBB 13)
(government_judicial_branch#bulgaria#Supreme Court, chairman appointed for a seven-year term by the president; Constitutional Court, 12 justices appointed or elected for a nine-year term)
(government_political_parties_and_leaders#bulgaria#Bulgarian Socialist Party {BSP}, Zhan VIDENOV, chairman; Union of Democratic Forces {UDF - an alliance of pro-Democratic parties}, Ivan KOSTOV; People's Union {PU}, Stefan SAVOV; Movement for Rights and Freedoms {mainly ethnic Turkish party} {MRF}, Ahmed DOGAN; Bulgarian Business Bloc {BBB}, George GANCHEV)
(government_other_political_or_pressure_groups#bulgaria#Democratic Alliance for the Republic {DAR}; New Union for Democracy {NUD}; Ecoglasnost; Podkrepa Labor Confederation; Fatherland Union; Bulgarian Communist Party {BCP}; Confederation of Independent Trade Unions of Bulgaria {KNSB}; Bulgarian Agrarian National Union - United {BZNS}; Bulgarian Democratic Center; "Nikola Petkov" Bulgarian Agrarian National Union; Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization - Union of Macedonian Societies {IMRO-UMS}; numerous regional, ethnic, and national interest groups with various agendas)
(government_international_organization_participation#bulgaria#ACCT, BIS, BSEC, CCC, CE, EBRD, ECE, EU {applicant}, FAO, G- 9, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Inmarset, Intelsat {nonsignatory user}, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, NACC, NAM {guest}, NSG, OSCE, PCA, PFP, UN, UNAVEM III, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNMOT, UPU, WEU {associate partner}, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO {applicant}, ZC)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_chief_of_mission#bulgaria#Ambassador Snezhana Damianova BOTUSHAROVA)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_chancery#bulgaria#1621 22nd Street NW, Washington, DC 20008)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_telephone#bulgaria#[1] {202} 387-7969)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_fax#bulgaria#[1] {202} 234-7973)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_chief_of_mission#bulgaria#Ambassador {vacant})
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_embassy#bulgaria#1 Saborna Street, Sofia)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_mailing_address#bulgaria#Unit 1335, APO AE 09213-1335)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_telephone#bulgaria#[359] {2} 88-48-01 through 05)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_fax#bulgaria#[359] {2} 80-19-77)
(government_flag#bulgaria#three equal horizontal bands of white {top}, green, and red; the national emblem formerly on the hoist side of the white stripe has been removed - it contained a rampant lion within a wreath of wheat ears below a red five-pointed star and above a ribbon bearing the dates 681 {first Bulgarian state established} and 1944 {liberation from Nazi control})
(economy_economic_overview#bulgaria#One of the poorest countries of central Europe, Bulgaria has continued the difficult process of moving from its old command economy to a modern, market-oriented economy. GDP rose a moderate 2.4% in 1995; inflation was down sharply; and unemployment fell from an estimated 16% to 12%. Despite this progress, structural reforms necessary to underpin macroeconomic stabilization were not pursued vigorously. Mass privatization of state-owned industry continued to move slowly, although privatization of small-scale industry, particularly in the retail and service sectors, accelerated. The Bulgarian economy will continue to grow in 1996, but economic reforms will remain politically difficult as the population has become weary of the process.)
(economy_gdp#bulgaria#purchasing power parity - $43.2 billion {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_real_growth_rate#bulgaria#2.4% {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_per_capita#bulgaria#$4,920 {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_agriculture#bulgaria#12%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_industry#bulgaria#36%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_services#bulgaria#52% {1994})
(economy_inflation_rate_{consumer_prices}#bulgaria#35% {1995})
(economy_labor_force#bulgaria#3.1 million)
(economy_labor_force_by_occupation#bulgaria#industry 41%, agriculture 18%, other 41% {1992})
(economy_unemployment_rate#bulgaria#11.9% {1995 est.})
(economy_budget_revenues#bulgaria#$3.8 billion)
(economy_budget_expenditures#bulgaria#$4.4 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA {1994})
(economy_industries#bulgaria#machine building and metal working, food processing, chemicals, textiles, construction materials, ferrous and nonferrous metals)
(economy_industrial_production_growth_rate#bulgaria#2% {1995})
(economy_electricity_capacity#bulgaria#11,500,000 kW)
(economy_electricity_production#bulgaria#38.1 billion kWh)
(economy_electricity_consumption_per_capita#bulgaria#4,342 kWh {1994})
(economy_agriculture#bulgaria#grain, oilseed, vegetables, fruits, tobacco; livestock)
(economy_illicit_drugs#bulgaria#important transshipment point for Southwest Asian heroin and, to a lesser degree, South American cocaine transiting the Balkan route; limited producer of precursor chemicals)
(economy_exports#bulgaria#$4.2 billion {f.o.b., 1994})
(economy_exports_commodities#bulgaria#machinery and equipment 12.8%; agriculture and food 21.9%; textiles and apparel 14%; metals and ores 19.7%; chemicals 16.9%; minerals and fuels 9.3%)
(economy_exports_partners#bulgaria#former CEMA countries 35.7%; OECD 46.6% {EU 33.5%}; Arab countries 5.1%; other 12.6%)
(economy_imports#bulgaria#$4 billion {c.i.f., 1994})
(economy_imports_commodities#bulgaria#fuels, minerals, and raw materials 30.1%; machinery and equipment 23.6%; textiles and apparel 11.6%; agricultural products 10.8%; metals and ores 6.8%; chemicals 12.3%; other 4.8%)
(economy_imports_partners#bulgaria#former CEMA countries 40.3%; OECD 48.3% {EU 34.1%}; Arab countries 1.7%; other 9.7%)
(economy_external_debt#bulgaria#$10.4 billion {1995})
(economy_economic_aid_recipient#bulgaria#ODA, $39 million {1993})
(economy_economic_aid_note#bulgaria#$700 million in balance of payments support from Western nations {1994})
(economy_currency#bulgaria#1 lev {Lv} = 100 stotinki)
(economy_exchange_rates#bulgaria#leva {Lv} per US$1 - 70.5 {December 1995}, 54.2 {1994}, 27.1 {1993}, 23.3 {1992}, 18.4 {1991}; note - floating exchange rate since February 1991)
(economy_fiscal_year#bulgaria#calendar year)
(transportation_railways_total#bulgaria#4,292 km)
(transportation_railways_standard_gauge#bulgaria#4,047 km 1.435-m gauge {2,650 km electrified; 917 double track})
(transportation_railways_other#bulgaria#245 km 0.760-m gauge {1995})
(transportation_highways_total#bulgaria#36,932 km)
(transportation_highways_paved#bulgaria#33,904 km {including 276 km of expressways})
(transportation_highways_unpaved#bulgaria#3,028 km {1992 est.})
(transportation_waterways#bulgaria#470 km {1987})
(transportation_pipelines#bulgaria#crude oil 193 km; petroleum products 525 km; natural gas 1,400 km {1992})
(transportation_ports#bulgaria#Burgas, Lom, Nesebur, Ruse, Varna, Vidin)
(transportation_merchant_marine_total#bulgaria#103 ships {1,000 GRT or over} totaling 1,084,090 GRT/1,596,735 DWT)
(transportation_merchant_marine_ships_by_type#bulgaria#bulk 45, cargo 27, chemical tanker 4, container 2, oil tanker 13, passenger-cargo 1, railcar carrier 2, roll-on/roll-off cargo 6, short-sea passenger 2, refrigerated cargo 1)
(transportation_merchant_marine_note#bulgaria#Bulgaria owns an additional 7 ships {1,000 GRT or over} totaling 135,016 DWT operating under the registries of Liberia and Malta {1995 est.})
(transportation_airports_total#bulgaria#355)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_over_3,047_m#bulgaria#1)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_2,438_to_3,047_m#bulgaria#17)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_1,524_to_2,437_m#bulgaria#10)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_under_914_m#bulgaria#88)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_2,438_to_3,047_m#bulgaria#2)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_1,524_to_2,437_m#bulgaria#1)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_914_to_1,523_m#bulgaria#10)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_under_914_m#bulgaria#226 {1994 est.})
(communications_telephones#bulgaria#2,773,293 {1993 est.})
(communications_telephone_system#bulgaria#almost two-thirds of the lines are residential; 67% of Sofia households have telephones {November 1988 est.})
(communications_telephone_system_domestic#bulgaria#extensive but antiquated transmission system of coaxial cable and microwave radio relay; telephone service is available in most villages)
(communications_telephone_system_international#bulgaria#direct dialing to 36 countries; satellite earth stations - 1 Intersputnik {Atlantic Ocean Region}; Intelsat available through a Greek earth station)
(communications_radio_broadcast_stations#bulgaria#AM 20, FM 15, shortwave 0)
(communications_radios#bulgaria#NA)
(communications_television_broadcast_stations#bulgaria#29 {Russian repeater in Sofia 1})
(communications_televisions#bulgaria#2.1 million {May 1990 est.})
(defense_branches#bulgaria#Army, Navy, Air and Air Defense Forces, Border Troops, Internal Troops)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_age_15-49#bulgaria#2,155,332)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_fit_for_military_service#bulgaria#1,797,318)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_reach_military_age_{19}_annually#bulgaria#64,568 {1996 est.})
(defense_defense_expenditures#bulgaria#exchange rate conversion - $352 million, 2.5% of GDP {1995})
(geography_location#burkina_faso#Western Africa, north of Ghana)
(geography_geographic_coordinates#burkina_faso#13 00 N, 2 00 W)
(geography_map_references#burkina_faso#Africa)
(geography_area_total_area#burkina_faso#274,200 sq km)
(geography_area_land_area#burkina_faso#273,800 sq km)
(geography_area_comparative_area#burkina_faso#slightly larger than Colorado)
(geography_land_boundaries_total#burkina_faso#3,192 km)
(geography_land_boundaries_border_countries#burkina_faso#Benin 306 km, Ghana 548 km, Cote d'Ivoire 584 km, Mali 1,000 km, Niger 628 km, Togo 126 km)
(geography_coastline#burkina_faso#0 km {landlocked})
(geography_maritime_claims#burkina_faso#none {landlocked})
(geography_international_disputes#burkina_faso#following mutual acceptance of an International Court of Justice {ICJ} ruling in December 1986 on their international boundary dispute, Burkina Faso and Mali are proceeding with boundary demarcation, including the tripoint with Niger)
(geography_climate#burkina_faso#tropical; warm, dry winters; hot, wet summers)
(geography_terrain#burkina_faso#mostly flat to dissected, undulating plains; hills in west and southeast)
(geography_terrain_lowest_point#burkina_faso#Black Volta River 200 m)
(geography_terrain_highest_point#burkina_faso#Tena Kourou 749 m)
(geography_natural_resources#burkina_faso#manganese, limestone, marble; small deposits of gold, antimony, copper, nickel, bauxite, lead, phosphates, zinc, silver)
(geography_land_use_arable_land#burkina_faso#10%)
(geography_land_use_permanent_crops#burkina_faso#0%)
(geography_land_use_meadows_and_pastures#burkina_faso#37%)
(geography_land_use_forest_and_woodland#burkina_faso#26%)
(geography_land_use_other#burkina_faso#27%)
(geography_irrigated_land#burkina_faso#160 sq km {1989 est.})
(geography_environment_current_issues#burkina_faso#recent droughts and desertification severely affecting agricultural activities, population distribution, and the economy; overgrazing; soil degradation; deforestation)
(geography_environment_natural_hazards#burkina_faso#recurring droughts)
(geography_environment_international_agreements#burkina_faso#party to - Biodiversity, Climate Change, Endangered Species, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands; signed, but not ratified - Desertification, Law of the Sea, Nuclear Test Ban)
(geography_geographic_note#burkina_faso#landlocked)
(people_population#burkina_faso#10,623,323 {July 1996 est.})
(people_age_structure_0-14_years#burkina_faso#48% {male 2,569,806; female 2,537,106})
(people_age_structure_15-64_years#burkina_faso#49% {male 2,444,601; female 2,738,726})
(people_age_structure_65_years_and_over#burkina_faso#3% {male 145,479; female 187,605} {July 1996 est.})
(people_population_growth_rate#burkina_faso#2.53% {1996 est.})
(people_birth_rate#burkina_faso#47.02 births/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_death_rate#burkina_faso#19.99 deaths/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_net_migration_rate#burkina_faso#-1.74 migrant{s}/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_sex_ratio_at_birth#burkina_faso#1.03 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_under_15_years#burkina_faso#1.01 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_15-64_years#burkina_faso#0.89 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_65_years_and_over#burkina_faso#0.78 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_all_ages#burkina_faso#0.94 male{s}/female {1996 est.})
(people_infant_mortality_rate#burkina_faso#117.8 deaths/1,000 live births {1996 est.})
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_total_population#burkina_faso#43.21 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_male#burkina_faso#43.46 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_female#burkina_faso#42.95 years {1996 est.})
(people_total_fertility_rate#burkina_faso#6.8 children born/woman {1996 est.})
(people_nationality_noun#burkina_faso#Burkinabe {singular and plural})
(people_nationality_adjective#burkina_faso#Burkinabe)
(people_ethnic_divisions#burkina_faso#Mossi about 24%, Gurunsi, Senufo, Lobi, Bobo, Mande, Fulani)
(people_religions#burkina_faso#indigenous beliefs 40%, Muslim 50%, Christian {mainly Roman Catholic} 10%)
(people_languages#burkina_faso#French {official}, tribal languages belonging to Sudanic family, spoken by 90% of the population)
(people_literacy#burkina_faso#age 15 and over can read and write {1995 est.})
(people_literacy_total_population#burkina_faso#19.2%)
(people_literacy_male#burkina_faso#29.5%)
(people_literacy_female#burkina_faso#9.2%)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_long_form#burkina_faso#none)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_short_form#burkina_faso#Burkina Faso)
(government_name_of_country_former#burkina_faso#Upper Volta)
(government_data_code#burkina_faso#UV)
(government_type_of_government#burkina_faso#parliamentary)
(government_capital#burkina_faso#Ouagadougou)
(government_administrative_divisions#burkina_faso#30 provinces; Bam, Bazega, Bougouriba, Boulgou, Boulkiemde, Ganzourgou, Gnagna, Gourma, Houet, Kadiogo, Kenedougou, Komoe, Kossi, Kouritenga, Mouhoun, Namentenga, Naouri, Oubritenga, Oudalan, Passore, Poni, Sanguie, Sanmatenga, Seno, Sissili, Soum, Sourou, Tapoa, Yatenga, Zoundweogo)
(government_independence#burkina_faso#5 August 1960 {from France})
(government_national_holiday#burkina_faso#Anniversary of the Revolution, 4 August {1983})
(government_constitution#burkina_faso#2 June 1991)
(government_legal_system#burkina_faso#based on French civil law system and customary law)
(government_suffrage#burkina_faso#none)
(government_executive_branch_chief_of_state#burkina_faso#President Captain Blaise COMPAORE {since 15 October 1987} elected for a seven-year term by popular vote; election last held NA December 1991 {next to be held NA 1998})
(government_executive_branch_head_of_government#burkina_faso#Prime Minister Roch KABORE {since NA March 1994} appointed by the president)
(government_executive_branch_cabinet#burkina_faso#Council of Ministers appointed by the president)
(government_legislative_branch#burkina_faso#unicameral)
(government_assembly_of_people's_deputies#burkina_faso#elections last held 24 May 1992 {next to be held NA 1997}; results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - {107 total}, ODP-MT 78, CNPP-PSD 12, RDA 6, ADF 4, other 7)
(government_assembly_of_people's_deputies_note#burkina_faso#the current law also provides for a second consultative chamber, which has not been formally constituted)
(government_judicial_branch#burkina_faso#Appeals Court)
(government_political_parties_and_leaders#burkina_faso#Organization for People's Democracy - Labor Movement {ODP-MT}, ruling party, Secretary General Simon COMPAORE; National Convention of Progressive Patriots-Social Democratic Party {CNPP-PSD}, Moussa BOLY; African Democratic Rally {RDA}, Gerard Kango OUEDRAOGO; Alliance for Democracy and Federation {ADF}, Amadou Michel NANA)
(government_other_political_or_pressure_groups#burkina_faso#committees for the defense of the revolution; watchdog/political action groups throughout the country in both organizations and communities)
(government_international_organization_participation#burkina_faso#ACCT, ACP, AfDB, CCC, ECA, ECOWAS, Entente, FAO, FZ, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, ITU, NAM, OAU, OIC, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WADB, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_chief_of_mission#burkina_faso#Ambassador Gaetan R. OUEDRAOGO)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_chancery#burkina_faso#2340 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_telephone#burkina_faso#[1] {202} 332-5577, 6895)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_chief_of_mission#burkina_faso#Ambassador Donald J. MCCONNELL)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_embassy#burkina_faso#Avenue Raoul Follerau, Ouagadougou)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_mailing_address#burkina_faso#01 B. P. 35, Ouagadougou)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_telephone#burkina_faso#[226] 306723 through 306725)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_fax#burkina_faso#[226] 303890)
(government_flag#burkina_faso#two equal horizontal bands of red {top} and green with a yellow five-pointed star in the center; uses the popular pan-African colors of Ethiopia)
(economy_economic_overview#burkina_faso#One of the poorest countries in the world, Burkina Faso has a high population density and a high population growth rate, few natural resources, and a fragile soil. Economic development is hindered by a poor communications network within a landlocked country. Agriculture is mainly subsistence farming. Industry remains dominated by unprofitable government-controlled corporations. Following the Communaute Financiere Africaine currency devaluation on 12 January 1994, exports appear to have risen, but no official figures have been released yet. The upswing apparently continued in 1995, with growth perhaps at 4%. The government has updated its development program in conjunction with international agencies, yet even with the best of plans, the government faces formidable problems on all sides.)
(economy_gdp#burkina_faso#purchasing power parity - $7.4 billion {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_real_growth_rate#burkina_faso#4% {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_per_capita#burkina_faso#$700 {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_agriculture#burkina_faso#32%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_industry#burkina_faso#24%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_services#burkina_faso#44% {1990 est.})
(economy_inflation_rate_{consumer_prices}#burkina_faso#5% {1995 est.})
(economy_labor_force#burkina_faso#NA {most adults are employed in subsistence agriculture})
(economy_labor_force_by_occupation#burkina_faso#agriculture 80%, industry 15%, commerce, services, and government 5%)
(economy_labor_force_note#burkina_faso#20% of male labor force migrates annually to neighboring countries for seasonal employment {1984})
(economy_unemployment_rate#burkina_faso#NA%)
(economy_budget_revenues#burkina_faso#$483 million)
(economy_budget_expenditures#burkina_faso#$548 million, including capital expenditures of $189 million {1992})
(economy_industries#burkina_faso#cotton lint, beverages, agricultural processing, soap, cigarettes, textiles, gold)
(economy_industrial_production_growth_rate#burkina_faso#NA%)
(economy_electricity_capacity#burkina_faso#60,000 kW)
(economy_electricity_production#burkina_faso#190 million kWh)
(economy_electricity_consumption_per_capita#burkina_faso#17 kWh {1993})
(economy_agriculture#burkina_faso#peanuts, shea nuts, sesame, cotton, sorghum, millet, corn, rice; livestock)
(economy_exports#burkina_faso#$273 million {f.o.b., 1993})
(economy_exports_commodities#burkina_faso#cotton, gold, animal products)
(economy_exports_partners#burkina_faso#EC, Cote d'Ivoire, Taiwan, Thailand)
(economy_imports#burkina_faso#$636 million {f.o.b., 1993})
(economy_imports_commodities#burkina_faso#machinery, food products, petroleum)
(economy_imports_partners#burkina_faso#EC, Africa, Japan)
(economy_external_debt#burkina_faso#$1 billion {December 1993 est.})
(economy_economic_aid_recipient#burkina_faso#ODA, $NA)
(economy_currency#burkina_faso#1 Communaute Financiere Africaine franc {CFAF} = 100 centimes)
(economy_exchange_rates#burkina_faso#CFA francs {CFAF} per US$1 - 500.56 {January 1996}, 499.15 {1995}, 555.20 {1994}, 283.16 {1993}, 264.69 {1992}, 282.11 {1991})
(economy_exchange_rates_note#burkina_faso#beginning 12 January 1994 the CFA franc was devalued to CFAF 100 per French franc from CFAF 50 at which it had been fixed since 1948)
(economy_fiscal_year#burkina_faso#calendar year)
(transportation_railways_total#burkina_faso#622 km {1995 est.})
(transportation_railways_narrow_gauge#burkina_faso#622 km 1.000-m gauge {517 km Ouagadougou to Cote d'Ivoire border and 105 km opened in 1993 from Ouagadougou to Kaya})
(transportation_highways_total#burkina_faso#16,400 km)
(transportation_highways_paved#burkina_faso#1,280 km)
(transportation_highways_unpaved#burkina_faso#15,120 km {1987 est.})
(transportation_ports#burkina_faso#none)
(transportation_airports_total#burkina_faso#23)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_over_3,047_m#burkina_faso#1)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_2,438_to_3,047_m#burkina_faso#1)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_under_914_m#burkina_faso#8)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_1,524_to_2,437_m#burkina_faso#3)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_914_to_1,523_m#burkina_faso#10 {1995 est.})
(communications_telephones#burkina_faso#21,000 {1993 est.})
(communications_telephone_system#burkina_faso#all services only fair)
(communications_telephone_system_domestic#burkina_faso#microwave radio relay, open wire, and radiotelephone communication stations)
(communications_telephone_system_international#burkina_faso#satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat {Atlantic Ocean})
(communications_radio_broadcast_stations#burkina_faso#AM 2, FM 1, shortwave 0)
(communications_radios#burkina_faso#NA)
(communications_television_broadcast_stations#burkina_faso#2 {1987 est.})
(communications_televisions#burkina_faso#49,000 {1991 est.})
(defense_branches#burkina_faso#Army, Air Force, National Gendarmerie, National Police, People's Militia)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_age_15-49#burkina_faso#2,149,485)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_fit_for_military_service#burkina_faso#1,101,184 {1996 est.})
(defense_defense_expenditures#burkina_faso#exchange rate conversion - $104 million, 6.4% of GDP {1994})
(geography_location#burma#Southeastern Asia, bordering the Andaman Sea and the Bay of Bengal, between Bangladesh and Thailand)
(geography_geographic_coordinates#burma#22 00 N, 98 00 E)
(geography_map_references#burma#Southeast Asia)
(geography_area_total_area#burma#678,500 sq km)
(geography_area_land_area#burma#657,740 sq km)
(geography_area_comparative_area#burma#slightly smaller than Texas)
(geography_land_boundaries_total#burma#5,876 km)
(geography_land_boundaries_border_countries#burma#Bangladesh 193 km, China 2,185 km, India 1,463 km, Laos 235 km, Thailand 1,800 km)
(geography_coastline#burma#1,930 km)
(geography_maritime_claims_contiguous_zone#burma#24 nm)
(geography_maritime_claims_continental_shelf#burma#200 nm or to the edge of the continental margin)
(geography_maritime_claims_exclusive_economic_zone#burma#200 nm)
(geography_maritime_claims_territorial_sea#burma#12 nm)
(geography_international_disputes#burma#none)
(geography_climate#burma#tropical monsoon; cloudy, rainy, hot, humid summers {southwest monsoon, June to September}; less cloudy, scant rainfall, mild temperatures, lower humidity during winter {northeast monsoon, December to April})
(geography_terrain#burma#central lowlands ringed by steep, rugged highlands)
(geography_terrain_lowest_point#burma#Andaman Sea 0 m)
(geography_terrain_highest_point#burma#Hkakabo Razi 5,881 m)
(geography_natural_resources#burma#petroleum, timber, tin, antimony, zinc, copper, tungsten, lead, coal, some marble, limestone, precious stones, natural gas)
(geography_land_use_arable_land#burma#15%)
(geography_land_use_permanent_crops#burma#1%)
(geography_land_use_meadows_and_pastures#burma#1%)
(geography_land_use_forest_and_woodland#burma#49%)
(geography_land_use_other#burma#34%)
(geography_irrigated_land#burma#10,180 sq km {1989})
(geography_environment_current_issues#burma#deforestation; industrial pollution of air, soil, and water; inadequate sanitation and water treatment contribute to disease)
(geography_environment_natural_hazards#burma#destructive earthquakes and cyclones; flooding and landslides common during rainy season {June to September}; periodic droughts)
(geography_environment_international_agreements#burma#party to - Biodiversity, Climate Change, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83; signed, but not ratified - Law of the Sea, Tropical Timber 94)
(geography_geographic_note#burma#strategic location near major Indian Ocean shipping lanes)
(people_population#burma#45,975,625 {July 1996 est.})
(people_age_structure_0-14_years#burma#37% {male 8,637,102; female 8,308,282})
(people_age_structure_15-64_years#burma#59% {male 13,577,232; female 13,571,312})
(people_age_structure_65_years_and_over#burma#4% {male 853,403; female 1,028,294} {July 1996 est.})
(people_population_growth_rate#burma#1.84% {1996 est.})
(people_birth_rate#burma#30.01 births/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_death_rate#burma#11.66 deaths/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_net_migration_rate#burma#0 migrant{s}/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_sex_ratio_at_birth#burma#1.06 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_under_15_years#burma#1.04 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_15-64_years#burma#1 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_65_years_and_over#burma#0.83 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_all_ages#burma#1.01 male{s}/female {1996 est.})
(people_infant_mortality_rate#burma#80.7 deaths/1,000 live births {1996 est.})
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_total_population#burma#56.14 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_male#burma#54.46 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_female#burma#57.92 years {1996 est.})
(people_total_fertility_rate#burma#3.83 children born/woman {1996 est.})
(people_nationality_noun#burma#Burmese {singular and plural})
(people_nationality_adjective#burma#Burmese)
(people_ethnic_divisions#burma#Burman 68%, Shan 9%, Karen 7%, Rakhine 4%, Chinese 3%, Mon 2%, Indian 2%, other 5%)
(people_religions#burma#Buddhist 89%, Christian 4% {Baptist 3%, Roman Catholic 1%}, Muslim 4%, animist beliefs 1%, other 2%)
(people_languages#burma#Burmese, minority ethnic groups have their own languages)
(people_literacy#burma#age 15 and over can read and write {1995 est.})
(people_literacy_total_population#burma#83.1%)
(people_literacy_male#burma#88.7%)
(people_literacy_female#burma#77.7%)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_long_form#burma#Union of Burma)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_short_form#burma#Burma)
(government_name_of_country_local_long_form#burma#Pyidaungzu Myanma Naingngandaw {translated by the US Government as Union of Myanma and by the Burmese as Union of Myanmar})
(government_name_of_country_local_short_form#burma#Myanma Naingngandaw)
(government_name_of_country_former#burma#Socialist Republic of the Union of Burma)
(government_data_code#burma#BM)
(government_type_of_government#burma#military regime)
(government_capital#burma#Rangoon {regime refers to the capital as Yangon})
(government_administrative_divisions#burma#7 divisions* {yin-mya, singular - yin} and 7 states {pyine-mya, singular - pyine}; Chin State, Ayeyarwady*, Bago*, Kachin State, Kayin State, Kayah State, Magway*, Mandalay*, Mon State, Rakhine State, Sagaing*, Shan State, Tanintharyi*, Yangon*)
(government_independence#burma#4 January 1948 {from UK})
(government_national_holiday#burma#Independence Day, 4 January {1948})
(government_constitution#burma#3 January 1974 {suspended since 18 September 1988}; national convention started on 9 January 1993 to draft a new constitution; chapter headings and three of 15 sections have been approved)
(government_legal_system#burma#does not accept compulsory ICJ jurisdiction)
(government_suffrage#burma#18 years of age; universal)
(government_executive_branch_chief_of_state_and_head_of_government#burma#Prime Minister and Chairman of the State Law and Order Restoration Council Gen. THAN SHWE {since 23 April 1992})
(government_state_law_and_order_restoration_council#burma#military junta which assumed power 18 September 1988)
(government_people's_assembly_{pyithu_hluttaw}#burma#election last held 27 May 1990, but Assembly never convened; results - NLD 80%; seats - {485 total} NLD 396, NUP 10, other 79)
(government_judicial_branch#burma#limited; remnants of the British-era legal system in place, but there is no guarantee of a fair public trial; the judiciary is not independent of the executive)
(government_political_parties_and_leaders#burma#Union Solidarity and Development Association {USDA; pro-regime}, THAN AUNG, secretary; National Unity Party {NUP}, pro-regime, THA KYAW; National League for Democracy {NLD}, AUNG SAN SUU KYI, general secretary; and eight minor legal parties)
(government_other_political_or_pressure_groups#burma#National Coalition Government of the Union of Burma {NCGUB}, headed by the elected prime minister SEIN WIN - consists of individuals legitimately elected to the People's Assembly but not recognized by the military regime; the group fled to a border area and joined with insurgents in December 1990 to form a parallel government; Kachin Independence Army {KIA}; United Wa State Army {UWSA}; Karen National Union {KNU}; several Shan factions, including the Mong Tai Army {MTA}; All Burma Student Democratic Front {ABSDF})
(government_international_organization_participation#burma#AsDB, CCC, CP, ESCAP, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Intelsat {nonsignatory user}, Interpol, IOC, ITU, Mekong Group, NAM, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WHO, WMO, WTrO)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_chief_of_mission#burma#Ambassador U THAUNG)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_chancery#burma#2300 S Street NW, Washington, DC 20008)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_telephone#burma#[1] {202} 332-9044, 9045)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_consulate{s}_general#burma#New York)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_chief_of_mission#burma#Ambassador {vacant}; Charge d'Affaires Marilyn A. MEYERS)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_embassy#burma#581 Merchant Street, Rangoon {GPO 521})
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_mailing_address#burma#Box B, APO AP 96546)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_telephone#burma#[95] {1} 82055, 82182 {operator assistance required})
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_fax#burma#[95] {1} 80409)
(government_flag#burma#red with a blue rectangle in the upper hoist-side corner bearing, all in white, 14 five-pointed stars encircling a cogwheel containing a stalk of rice; the 14 stars represent the 14 administrative divisions)
(economy_economic_overview#burma#Burma has a mixed economy with about 75% private activity, mainly in agriculture, light industry, and transport, and with about 25% state-controlled activity, mainly in energy, heavy industry, and foreign trade. Government policy in the last seven years, 1989-95, has aimed at revitalizing the economy after three decades of tight central planning. Thus, private activity has markedly increased; foreign investment has been encouraged, so far with moderate success; and efforts continue to increase the efficiency of state enterprises. Published estimates of Burma's foreign trade are greatly understated because of the volume of black market trade. A major ongoing problem is the failure to achieve monetary and fiscal stability. Although Burma remains a poor Asian country, its rich resources furnish the potential for substantial long-term increases in income, exports, and living standards.)
(economy_gdp#burma#purchasing power parity - $47 billion {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_real_growth_rate#burma#6.8% {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_per_capita#burma#$1,000 {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_agriculture#burma#60%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_industry#burma#10%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_services#burma#30% {1995 est.})
(economy_inflation_rate_{consumer_prices}#burma#38% {1994 est.})
(economy_labor_force#burma#16.007 million {1992})
(economy_labor_force_by_occupation#burma#agriculture 65.2%, industry 14.3%, trade 10.1%, government 6.3%, other 4.1% {FY88/89 est.})
(economy_unemployment_rate#burma#NA%)
(economy_budget_revenues#burma#$5.3 billion)
(economy_budget_expenditures#burma#$10 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA {1995 est.})
(economy_industries#burma#agricultural processing; textiles and footwear; wood and wood products; petroleum refining; copper, tin, tungsten, iron; construction materials; pharmaceuticals; fertilizer)
(economy_industrial_production_growth_rate#burma#4.9% {FY92/93 est.})
(economy_electricity_capacity#burma#845,000 kW)
(economy_electricity_production#burma#3.5 billion kWh)
(economy_electricity_consumption_per_capita#burma#46 kWh {1995 est.})
(economy_agriculture#burma#paddy rice, corn, oilseed, sugarcane, pulses; hardwood)
(economy_illicit_drugs#burma#world's largest illicit producer of opium {2,340 metric tons in 1995} and source for over 60% of US heroin imports; minor producer of cannabis for the international drug trade; Rangoon's antinarcotic programs hindered by lack of resources, government commitment; growing role in methamphetamine production for regional consumption)
(economy_exports#burma#$879 million {FY94/95 est.})
(economy_exports_commodities#burma#pulses and beans, teak, rice, hardwood)
(economy_exports_partners#burma#Singapore, China, Thailand, India, Hong Kong)
(economy_imports#burma#$1.5 billion {FY94/95 est.})
(economy_imports_commodities#burma#machinery, transport equipment, construction materials, food products, consumer goods)
(economy_imports_partners#burma#Japan, China, Thailand, Singapore, Malaysia)
(economy_external_debt#burma#$5.5 billion {FY94/95 est.})
(economy_economic_aid_recipient#burma#ODA, $61 million {1993})
(economy_currency#burma#1 kyat {K} = 100 pyas)
(economy_exchange_rates#burma#kyats {K} per US$1 - 5.8475 {January 1996}, 5.9170 {1995}, 5.9749 {1994}, 6.1570 {1993}, 6.1045 {1992}, 6.2837 {1991}; unofficial - 120)
(economy_fiscal_year#burma#1 April - 31 March)
(transportation_railways_total#burma#3,569 km)
(transportation_railways_narrow_gauge#burma#3,569 km 1.000-m gauge {1995})
(transportation_highways_total#burma#26,861 km)
(transportation_highways_paved#burma#3,181 km)
(transportation_highways_unpaved#burma#23,680 km {1988 est.})
(transportation_waterways#burma#12,800 km; 3,200 km navigable by large commercial vessels)
(transportation_pipelines#burma#crude oil 1,343 km; natural gas 330 km)
(transportation_ports#burma#Bassein, Bhamo, Chauk, Mandalay, Moulmein, Myitkyina, Rangoon, Akyab {Sittwe}, Tavoy)
(transportation_merchant_marine_total#burma#40 ships {1,000 GRT or over} totaling 444,957 GRT/610,420 DWT)
(transportation_merchant_marine_ships_by_type#burma#bulk 11, cargo 15, chemical tanker 5, container 1, oil tanker 3, passenger-cargo 3, vehicle carrier 2 {1995 est.})
(transportation_airports_total#burma#74)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_over_3,047_m#burma#2)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_2,438_to_3,047_m#burma#2)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_1,524_to_2,437_m#burma#13)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_914_to_1,523_m#burma#10)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_under_914_m#burma#28)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_1,524_to_2,437_m#burma#2)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_914_to_1,523_m#burma#17 {1995 est.})
(communications_telephones#burma#122,195 {1993 est.})
(communications_telephone_system#burma#meets minimum requirements for local and intercity service for business and government; international service is good)
(communications_telephone_system_domestic#burma#NA)
(communications_telephone_system_international#burma#satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat {Indian Ocean})
(communications_radio_broadcast_stations#burma#AM 2, FM 1, shortwave 0 {1985 est.})
(communications_radio_broadcast_stations_note#burma#radiobroadcast coverage is limited to the most populous areas)
(communications_radios#burma#NA)
(communications_television_broadcast_stations#burma#1 {1988 est.})
(communications_televisions#burma#88,000 {1992 est.})
(defense_branches#burma#Army, Navy, Air Force)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_age_15-49#burma#11,759,636)
(defense_manpower_availability_females_age_15-49#burma#11,588,181)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_fit_for_military_service#burma#6,291,986)
(defense_manpower_availability_females_fit_for_military_service#burma#6,184,667)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_reach_military_age_{18}_annually#burma#473,255)
(defense_manpower_availability_females_reach_military_age_{18}_annually#burma#454,786 {1996 est.})
(defense_manpower_availability_note#burma#both sexes liable for military service)
(defense_defense_expenditures#burma#exchange rate conversion - $135 million, NA% of GDP {FY95/96})
(geography_location#burundi#Central Africa, east of Zaire)
(geography_geographic_coordinates#burundi#3 30 S, 30 00 E)
(geography_map_references#burundi#Africa)
(geography_area_total_area#burundi#27,830 sq km)
(geography_area_land_area#burundi#25,650 sq km)
(geography_area_comparative_area#burundi#slightly larger than Maryland)
(geography_land_boundaries_total#burundi#974 km)
(geography_land_boundaries_border_countries#burundi#Rwanda 290 km, Tanzania 451 km, Zaire 233 km)
(geography_coastline#burundi#0 km {landlocked})
(geography_maritime_claims#burundi#none {landlocked})
(geography_international_disputes#burundi#none)
(geography_climate#burundi#temperate; warm; occasional frost in uplands; dry season from June to September)
(geography_terrain#burundi#hilly and mountainous, dropping to a plateau in east, some plains)
(geography_terrain_lowest_point#burundi#Lake Tanganyika 772 m)
(geography_terrain_highest_point#burundi#Mount Heha 2,760 m)
(geography_natural_resources#burundi#nickel, uranium, rare earth oxides, peat, cobalt, copper, platinum {not yet exploited}, vanadium)
(geography_land_use_arable_land#burundi#43%)
(geography_land_use_permanent_crops#burundi#8%)
(geography_land_use_meadows_and_pastures#burundi#35%)
(geography_land_use_forest_and_woodland#burundi#2%)
(geography_land_use_other#burundi#12%)
(geography_irrigated_land#burundi#720 sq km {1989 est.})
(geography_environment_current_issues#burundi#soil erosion as a result of overgrazing and the expansion of agriculture into marginal lands; deforestation {little forested land remains because of uncontrolled cutting of trees for fuel}; habitat loss threatens wildlife populations)
(geography_environment_natural_hazards#burundi#flooding, landslides)
(geography_environment_international_agreements#burundi#party to - Endangered Species; signed, but not ratified - Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Law of the Sea, Nuclear Test Ban)
(geography_geographic_note#burundi#landlocked; straddles crest of the Nile-Congo watershed)
(people_population#burundi#5,943,057 {July 1996 est.})
(people_age_structure_0-14_years#burundi#47% {male 1,404,375; female 1,398,228})
(people_age_structure_15-64_years#burundi#50% {male 1,454,545; female 1,527,644})
(people_age_structure_65_years_and_over#burundi#3% {male 62,955; female 95,310} {July 1996 est.})
(people_population_growth_rate#burundi#1.54% {1996 est.})
(people_birth_rate#burundi#43.02 births/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_death_rate#burundi#15.15 deaths/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_net_migration_rate#burundi#-12.47 migrant{s}/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_net_migration_rate_note#burundi#in a number of waves since October 1993, hundreds of thousands of refugees have fled the civil strife between the Hutu and Tutsi factions in Burundi and crossed into Rwanda, Tanzania, and Zaire; the refugee flows are continuing in 1996 as the ethnic violence persists)
(people_sex_ratio_at_birth#burundi#1.03 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_under_15_years#burundi#1 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_15-64_years#burundi#0.95 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_65_years_and_over#burundi#0.66 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_all_ages#burundi#0.97 male{s}/female {1996 est.})
(people_infant_mortality_rate#burundi#102.2 deaths/1,000 live births {1996 est.})
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_total_population#burundi#49.33 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_male#burundi#48.28 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_female#burundi#50.42 years {1996 est.})
(people_total_fertility_rate#burundi#6.55 children born/woman {1996 est.})
(people_nationality_noun#burundi#Burundian{s})
(people_nationality_adjective#burundi#Burundi)
(people_africans#burundi#Hutu {Bantu} 85%, Tutsi {Hamitic} 14%, Twa {Pygmy} 1%)
(people_africans_non-africans#burundi#Europeans 3,000, South Asians 2,000)
(people_religions#burundi#Christian 67% {Roman Catholic 62%, Protestant 5%}, indigenous beliefs 32%, Muslim 1%)
(people_languages#burundi#Kirundi {official}, French {official}, Swahili {along Lake Tanganyika and in the Bujumbura area})
(people_literacy#burundi#age 15 and over can read and write {1995 est.})
(people_literacy_total_population#burundi#35.3%)
(people_literacy_male#burundi#49.3%)
(people_literacy_female#burundi#22.5%)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_long_form#burundi#Republic of Burundi)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_short_form#burundi#Burundi)
(government_name_of_country_local_long_form#burundi#Republika y'u Burundi)
(government_name_of_country_local_short_form#burundi#Burundi)
(government_data_code#burundi#BY)
(government_type_of_government#burundi#republic)
(government_capital#burundi#Bujumbura)
(government_administrative_divisions#burundi#15 provinces; Bubanza, Bujumbura, Bururi, Cankuzo, Cibitoke, Gitega, Karuzi, Kayanza, Kirundo, Makamba, Muramvya, Muyinga, Ngozi, Rutana, Ruyigi)
(government_independence#burundi#1 July 1962 {from UN trusteeship under Belgian administration})
(government_national_holiday#burundi#Independence Day, 1 July {1962})
(government_constitution#burundi#13 March 1992; provides for establishment of a plural political system)
(government_legal_system#burundi#based on German and Belgian civil codes and customary law; does not accept compulsory ICJ jurisdiction)
(government_suffrage#burundi#NA years of age; universal adult)
(government_executive_branch_chief_of_state#burundi#President Sylvestre NTIBANTUNGANYA {acting president from 8 April 1994 to 30 September 1994, president since 1 October 1994}; note - NTIBANTUNGANYA, in his capacity as President of the National Assembly, became acting president upon the death of President Cyprien NTARYAMIRE in an airplane crash on 6 April 1994; NTIBANTUNGANYA was sworn in on 1 October 1994 as president by the "Convention on Government" to serve a four year transitional term)
(government_executive_branch_head_of_government#burundi#Prime Minister Antoine NDUWAYO {since February 1995})
(government_executive_branch_cabinet#burundi#Council of Ministers; appointed by prime minister)
(government_legislative_branch#burundi#unicameral)
(government_national_assembly_{assemblee_nationale}#burundi#election last held 29 June 1993 {next to be held NA}; results - FRODEBU 71%, UPRONA 21.4%; seats - {81 total} FRODEBU 65, UPRONA 16; other parties won too small shares of the vote to win seats in the assembly)
(government_judicial_branch#burundi#Supreme Court {Cour Supreme})
(government_political_parties_and_leaders#burundi#Unity for National Progress {UPRONA}; Burundi Democratic Front {FRODEBU}; Organization of the People of Burundi {RBP}; Socialist Party of Burundi {PSB}; People's Reconciliation Party {PRP}; opposition parties, legalized in March 1992, include Burundi African Alliance for the Salvation {ABASA}; Rally for Democracy and Economic and Social Development {RADDES}; and Party for National Redress {PARENA})
(government_other_political_or_pressure_groups#burundi#NA)
(government_international_organization_participation#burundi#ACCT, ACP, AfDB, CCC, CEEAC, CEPGL, ECA, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Intelsat {nonsignatory user}, Interpol, IOC, ISO {subscriber}, ITU, NAM, OAU, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_chief_of_mission#burundi#Ambassador Severin NTAHOMVUKIYE)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_chancery#burundi#Suite 212, 2233 Wisconsin Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20007)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_telephone#burundi#[1] {202} 342-2574)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_chief_of_mission#burundi#{vacant}; Charge d'Affaires Charles YELLIN)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_embassy#burundi#Avenue des Etats-Unis, Bujumbura)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_mailing_address#burundi#B. P. 1720, Bujumbura)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_telephone#burundi#[257] {2} 23454)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_fax#burundi#[257] {2} 22926)
(government_flag#burundi#divided by a white diagonal cross into red panels {top and bottom} and green panels {hoist side and outer side} with a white disk superimposed at the center bearing three red six-pointed stars outlined in green arranged in a triangular design {one star above, two stars below})
(economy_economic_overview#burundi#Burundi is a landlocked, resource-poor country in an early stage of economic development. The economy is predominately agricultural with roughly 90% of the population dependent on subsistence agriculture. Its economic health depends on the coffee crop, which accounts for 80% of foreign exchange earnings. The ability to pay for imports therefore rests largely on the vagaries of the climate and the international coffee market. As part of its economic reform agenda, launched in February 1991 with IMF and World Bank support, Burundi is trying to diversify its agricultural exports, attract foreign investment in industry, and modernize government budgetary practices. Since October 1993 the nation has suffered from massive ethnic-based violence which has resulted in the death of perhaps 100,000 persons and the displacement of a million others; production has fallen sharply, and an impoverished and disorganized government can hardly implement these needed reform programs.)
(economy_gdp#burundi#purchasing power parity - $4 billion {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_real_growth_rate#burundi#2.7% {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_per_capita#burundi#$600 {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_agriculture#burundi#54.1%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_industry#burundi#16.8%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_services#burundi#29.1% {1993 est.})
(economy_inflation_rate_{consumer_prices}#burundi#10% {1993 est.})
(economy_labor_force#burundi#1.9 million {1983 est.})
(economy_labor_force_by_occupation#burundi#agriculture 93.0%, government 4.0%, industry and commerce 1.5%, services 1.5%)
(economy_unemployment_rate#burundi#NA%)
(economy_budget_revenues#burundi#$318 million)
(economy_budget_expenditures#burundi#$326 million, including capital expenditures of $150 million {1991 est.})
(economy_industries#burundi#light consumer goods such as blankets, shoes, soap; assembly of imported components; public works construction; food processing)
(economy_industrial_production_growth_rate#burundi#NA%)
(economy_electricity_capacity#burundi#55,000 kW)
(economy_electricity_production#burundi#100 million kWh)
(economy_electricity_consumption_per_capita#burundi#20 kWh {1993})
(economy_agriculture#burundi#coffee, cotton, tea, corn, sorghum, sweet potatoes, bananas, manioc; meat, milk, hides)
(economy_exports#burundi#$68 million {f.o.b., 1993})
(economy_exports_commodities#burundi#coffee 81%, tea, cotton, hides)
(economy_exports_partners#burundi#EC 57%, US 19%, Asia 1%)
(economy_imports#burundi#$203 million {c.i.f., 1993})
(economy_imports_commodities#burundi#capital goods 31%, petroleum products 15%, foodstuffs, consumer goods)
(economy_imports_partners#burundi#EC 45%, Asia 29%, US 2%)
(economy_external_debt#burundi#$1.05 billion {1994 est.})
(economy_economic_aid_recipient#burundi#ODA, $NA)
(economy_currency#burundi#1 Burundi franc {FBu} = 100 centimes)
(economy_exchange_rates#burundi#Burundi francs {FBu} per US$1 - 268.13 {November 1995}, 252.66 {1994}, 242.78 {1993}, 208.30 {1992}, 181.51 {1991}, 171.26 {1990})
(economy_fiscal_year#burundi#calendar year)
(transportation_railways#burundi#0 km)
(transportation_highways_total#burundi#14,473 km)
(transportation_highways_paved#burundi#1,028 km)
(transportation_highways_unpaved#burundi#13,445 km {1992 est.})
(transportation_waterways#burundi#Lake Tanganyika)
(transportation_ports#burundi#Bujumbura)
(transportation_airports_total#burundi#3)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_over_3,047_m#burundi#1)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_914_to_1,523_m#burundi#2 {1995 est.})
(communications_telephones#burundi#7,200 {1987 est.})
(communications_telephone_system#burundi#primitive system)
(communications_telephone_system_domestic#burundi#sparse system of open wire, radiotelephone communications, and low-capacity microwave radio relay)
(communications_telephone_system_international#burundi#satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat {Indian Ocean})
(communications_radio_broadcast_stations#burundi#AM 2, FM 2, shortwave 0)
(communications_radios#burundi#NA)
(communications_television_broadcast_stations#burundi#1)
(communications_televisions#burundi#4,500 {1993 est.})
(defense_branches#burundi#Army {includes naval and air units}, paramilitary Gendarmerie)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_age_15-49#burundi#1,312,458)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_fit_for_military_service#burundi#683,073)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_reach_military_age_{16}_annually#burundi#67,990 {1996 est.})
(defense_defense_expenditures#burundi#exchange rate conversion - $25 million, 2.6% of GDP {1993})
(geography_location#cambodia#Southeastern Asia, bordering the Gulf of Thailand, between Thailand and Vietnam)
(geography_geographic_coordinates#cambodia#13 00 N, 105 00 E)
(geography_map_references#cambodia#Southeast Asia)
(geography_area_total_area#cambodia#181,040 sq km)
(geography_area_land_area#cambodia#176,520 sq km)
(geography_area_comparative_area#cambodia#slightly smaller than Oklahoma)
(geography_land_boundaries_total#cambodia#2,572 km)
(geography_land_boundaries_border_countries#cambodia#Laos 541 km, Thailand 803 km, Vietnam 1,228 km)
(geography_coastline#cambodia#443 km)
(geography_maritime_claims_contiguous_zone#cambodia#24 nm)
(geography_maritime_claims_continental_shelf#cambodia#200 nm)
(geography_maritime_claims_exclusive_economic_zone#cambodia#200 nm)
(geography_maritime_claims_territorial_sea#cambodia#12 nm)
(geography_international_disputes#cambodia#offshore islands and sections of the boundary with Vietnam are in dispute; maritime boundary with Vietnam not defined; parts of border with Thailand in dispute; maritime boundary with Thailand not clearly defined)
(geography_climate#cambodia#tropical; rainy, monsoon season {May to November}; dry season {December to April}; little seasonal temperature variation)
(geography_terrain#cambodia#mostly low, flat plains; mountains in southwest and north)
(geography_terrain_lowest_point#cambodia#Gulf of Thailand 0 m)
(geography_terrain_highest_point#cambodia#Phnum Aoral 1,810 m)
(geography_natural_resources#cambodia#timber, gemstones, some iron ore, manganese, phosphates, hydropower potential)
(geography_land_use_arable_land#cambodia#16%)
(geography_land_use_permanent_crops#cambodia#1%)
(geography_land_use_meadows_and_pastures#cambodia#3%)
(geography_land_use_forest_and_woodland#cambodia#76%)
(geography_land_use_other#cambodia#4%)
(geography_irrigated_land#cambodia#920 sq km {1989 est.})
(geography_environment_current_issues#cambodia#logging activities throughout the country and strip mining for gems in the western region along the border with Thailand are resulting in habitat loss and declining biodiversity {in particular, destruction of mangrove swamps threatens natural fisheries}; deforestation; soil erosion; in rural areas, a majority of the population does not have access to potable water)
(geography_environment_natural_hazards#cambodia#monsoonal rains {June to November}; flooding; occasional droughts)
(geography_environment_international_agreements#cambodia#party to - Marine Life Conservation, Ship Pollution; signed, but not ratified - Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Tropical Timber 94)
(geography_geographic_note#cambodia#a land of paddies and forests dominated by the Mekong River and Tonle Sap)
(people_population#cambodia#10,861,218 {July 1996 est.})
(people_age_structure_0-14_years#cambodia#45% {male 2,505,998; female 2,432,620})
(people_age_structure_15-64_years#cambodia#51% {male 2,579,986; female 3,007,838})
(people_age_structure_65_years_and_over#cambodia#4% {male 143,759; female 191,017} {July 1996 est.})
(people_population_growth_rate#cambodia#2.77% {1996 est.})
(people_birth_rate#cambodia#43.5 births/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_death_rate#cambodia#15.78 deaths/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_net_migration_rate#cambodia#0 migrant{s}/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_sex_ratio_at_birth#cambodia#1.05 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_under_15_years#cambodia#1.03 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_15-64_years#cambodia#0.86 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_65_years_and_over#cambodia#0.75 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_all_ages#cambodia#0.93 male{s}/female {1996 est.})
(people_infant_mortality_rate#cambodia#107.8 deaths/1,000 live births {1996 est.})
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_total_population#cambodia#49.86 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_male#cambodia#48.39 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_female#cambodia#51.39 years {1996 est.})
(people_total_fertility_rate#cambodia#5.81 children born/woman {1996 est.})
(people_nationality_noun#cambodia#Cambodian{s})
(people_nationality_adjective#cambodia#Cambodian)
(people_ethnic_divisions#cambodia#Khmer 90%, Vietnamese 5%, Chinese 1%, other 4%)
(people_religions#cambodia#Theravada Buddhism 95%, other 5%)
(people_languages#cambodia#Khmer {official}, French)
(people_literacy#cambodia#age 15 and over can read and write {1990 est.})
(people_literacy_total_population#cambodia#35%)
(people_literacy_male#cambodia#48%)
(people_literacy_female#cambodia#22%)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_long_form#cambodia#Kingdom of Cambodia)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_short_form#cambodia#Cambodia)
(government_name_of_country_local_long_form#cambodia#Preahreacheanachakr Kampuchea)
(government_name_of_country_local_short_form#cambodia#Kampuchea)
(government_data_code#cambodia#CB)
(government_type_of_government#cambodia#multiparty liberal democracy under a constitutional monarchy established in September 1993)
(government_capital#cambodia#Phnom Penh)
(government_administrative_divisions#cambodia#21 provinces {khett, singular and plural}; Banteay Mean Cheay, Batdambang, Kampong Cham, Kampong Chhnang, Kampong Spoe, Kampong Thum, Kampot, Kandal, Kaoh Kong, Kracheh, Mondol Kiri, Phnum Penh, Pouthisat, Preah Seihanu {Sihanoukville}, Preah Vihear, Prey Veng, Rotanah Kiri, Siem Reab, Stoeng Treng, Svay Rieng, Takev)
(government_administrative_divisions_note#cambodia#a new province of Otdar Mean Cheay may have been created from parts of Banteay Mean Cheay and Siem Reab)
(government_independence#cambodia#9 November 1949 {from France})
(government_national_holiday#cambodia#Independence Day, 9 November 1949)
(government_constitution#cambodia#promulgated 21 September 1993)
(government_legal_system#cambodia#currently being defined)
(government_suffrage#cambodia#18 years of age; universal)
(government_executive_branch_chief_of_state#cambodia#King Norodom SIHANOUK {reinstated 24 September 1993} is a constitutional monarch)
(government_executive_branch_head_of_government#cambodia#power shared between First Prime Minister Prince Norodom RANARIDDH {since NA 1993} and Second Prime Minister HUN SEN {since NA 1993} who were appointed by the king)
(government_executive_branch_cabinet#cambodia#Council of Ministers appointed by the king)
(government_legislative_branch#cambodia#unicameral)
(government_national_assembly#cambodia#members elected for five-year terms; elections last held 23 May 1993 {next to be held NA 1998}; results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - {120 total} FUNCINPEC 58, CPP 51, Buddhist Liberal Democratic Party 10, Molinaka 1)
(government_national_assembly_note#cambodia#the May 1993 elections were for the Constituent Assembly which became the National Assembly after the new constitution was promulgated in September 1993)
(government_judicial_branch#cambodia#Supreme Court provided for by the constitution has not yet been established and the future judicial system is yet to be defined by law)
(government_political_parties_and_leaders#cambodia#National United Front for an Independent, Neutral, Peaceful, and Cooperative Cambodia {FUNCINPEC}, Prince NORODOM RANARIDDH; Cambodian Pracheachon Party or Cambodian People's Party {CPP}, CHEA SIM; Buddhist Liberal Democratic Party, SON SANN faction; Buddhist Liberal Democratic Party, IENG MOULY faction; Democratic Kampuchea {DK, also known as the Khmer Rouge}, KHIEU SAMPHAN; Molinaka, PROM NEAKAREACH)
(government_international_organization_participation#cambodia#ACCT, AsDB, CP, ESCAP, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Intelsat {nonsignatory user}, Interpol, ITU, Mekong Group, NAM, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO {applicant})
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_chief_of_mission#cambodia#Ambassador VAR HUOTH)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_chancery#cambodia#4500 16th Street NW, Washington, DC 20011)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_telephone#cambodia#[1] {202} 726-7742)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_fax#cambodia#[1] {202} 726-8381)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_chief_of_mission#cambodia#Ambassador Kenneth M. QUINN)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_embassy#cambodia#27 EO Street 240, Phnom Penh)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_mailing_address#cambodia#Box P, APO AP 96546)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_telephone#cambodia#[855] {23} 426436, 426438)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_fax#cambodia#[855] {23} 426437)
(government_flag#cambodia#three horizontal bands of blue {top}, red {double width}, and blue with a white three-towered temple representing Angkor Wat outlined in black in the center of the red band)
(economy_economic_overview#cambodia#The Cambodian economy - virtually destroyed by decades of war - is slowly recovering. Government leaders are moving toward restoring fiscal and monetary discipline and have established good working relations with international financial institutions. Growth, starting from a low base, has been strong in 1991-95. Despite such positive developments, the reconstruction effort faces many tough challenges because of the persistence of internal political divisions and the related lack of confidence of foreign investors. Rural Cambodia, where 90% of about 9.5 million Khmer live, remains mired in poverty. The almost total lack of basic infrastructure in the countryside will hinder development and will contribute to a growing imbalance in growth between urban and rural areas over the near term. Moreover, the government's lack of experience in administering economic and technical assistance programs and rampant corruption among officials will slow the growth of critical public sector investment. The decline of inflation from the 1992 rate of more than 50% is one of the bright spots.)
(economy_gdp#cambodia#purchasing power parity - $7 billion {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_real_growth_rate#cambodia#6.7% {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_per_capita#cambodia#$660 {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_agriculture#cambodia#52%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_industry#cambodia#13.5%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_services#cambodia#34.5% {1993})
(economy_inflation_rate_{consumer_prices}#cambodia#6% {1995 est.})
(economy_labor_force#cambodia#2.5 million to 3 million)
(economy_labor_force_by_occupation#cambodia#agriculture 80% {1988 est.})
(economy_unemployment_rate#cambodia#NA%)
(economy_budget_revenues#cambodia#$210 million)
(economy_budget_expenditures#cambodia#$346 million, including capital expenditures of $NA {1994 est.})
(economy_industries#cambodia#rice milling, fishing, wood and wood products, rubber, cement, gem mining)
(economy_industrial_production_growth_rate#cambodia#7.9% {1993 est.})
(economy_electricity_capacity#cambodia#40,000 kW)
(economy_electricity_production#cambodia#160 million kWh)
(economy_electricity_consumption_per_capita#cambodia#14 kWh {1993})
(economy_agriculture#cambodia#rice, rubber, corn, vegetables)
(economy_illicit_drugs#cambodia#key transshipment country for Golden Triangle heroin en route to West; possibly becoming money-laundering center; high-level narcotics-related corruption in government, military, and police; possible small-scale opium, heroin, and amphetamine production; large producer of cannabis)
(economy_exports#cambodia#$240.7 million {1995 est.})
(economy_exports_commodities#cambodia#timber, rubber, soybeans, sesame)
(economy_exports_partners#cambodia#Singapore, Japan, Thailand, Hong Kong, Indonesia, Malaysia)
(economy_imports#cambodia#$630.5 million {1995 est.})
(economy_imports_commodities#cambodia#cigarettes, construction materials, petroleum products, machinery, motor vehicles)
(economy_imports_partners#cambodia#Singapore, Vietnam, Japan, Australia, Hong Kong, Indonesia)
(economy_external_debt#cambodia#$383 million to OECD members {1993})
(economy_economic_aid_recipient#cambodia#ODA, $NA)
(economy_economic_aid_note#cambodia#IMF pledged $120 million in aid for 1995-98)
(economy_currency#cambodia#1 new riel {CR} = 100 sen)
(economy_exchange_rates#cambodia#riels {CR} per US$1 - 2,585 {December 1994}, 2,470 {December 1993}, 2,800 {September 1992}, 500 {December 1991}, 560 {1990})
(economy_fiscal_year#cambodia#calendar year)
(transportation_railways_total#cambodia#603 km)
(transportation_railways_narrow_gauge#cambodia#603 km 1.000-m gauge)
(transportation_highways_total#cambodia#34,100 km)
(transportation_highways_paved#cambodia#3,000 km)
(transportation_highways_unpaved#cambodia#31,100 km {1994 est.})
(transportation_waterways#cambodia#3,700 km navigable all year to craft drawing 0.6 m; 282 km navigable to craft drawing 1.8 m)
(transportation_ports#cambodia#Kampong Saom {Sihanoukville}, Kampot, Krong Kaoh Kong, Phnom Penh)
(transportation_merchant_marine_total#cambodia#5 cargo ships {1,000 GRT or over} totaling 17,451 GRT/18,280 DWT {1995 est.})
(transportation_airports#cambodia#14)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_2,438_to_3,047_m#cambodia#2)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_1,524_to_2,437_m#cambodia#2)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_914_to_1,523_m#cambodia#2)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_1,524_to_2,437_m#cambodia#1)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_914_to_1,523_m#cambodia#7 {1995 est.})
(transportation_heliports#cambodia#2 {1995 est.})
(communications_telephones#cambodia#7,000 {1981 est.})
(communications_telephone_system#cambodia#service barely adequate for government requirements and virtually nonexistent for general public)
(communications_telephone_system_domestic#cambodia#NA)
(communications_telephone_system_international#cambodia#landline international service limited to Vietnam and other adjacent countries; satellite earth station - 1 Intersputnik {Indian Ocean Region})
(communications_radio_broadcast_stations#cambodia#AM 1, FM 0, shortwave 0)
(communications_radios#cambodia#NA)
(communications_television_broadcast_stations#cambodia#1 {1986 est.})
(communications_televisions#cambodia#70,000 {1993 est.})
(defense_khmer_royal_armed_forces_{kraf}#cambodia#created in 1993 by the merger of the Cambodian People's Armed Forces and the two noncommunist resistance armies; note - the KRAF is also known as the Royal Cambodian Armed Forces {RCAF})
(defense_resistance_forces#cambodia#National Army of Democratic Kampuchea {Khmer Rouge})
(defense_manpower_availability_males_age_15-49#cambodia#2,336,606)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_fit_for_military_service#cambodia#1,302,234)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_reach_military_age_{18}_annually#cambodia#79,514 {1996 est.})
(defense_defense_expenditures#cambodia#exchange rate conversion - $85 million, 1.4% of GDP {1995})
(geography_location#cameroon#Western Africa, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean, between Equatorial Guinea and Nigeria)
(geography_geographic_coordinates#cameroon#6 00 N, 12 00 E)
(geography_map_references#cameroon#Africa)
(geography_area_total_area#cameroon#475,440 sq km)
(geography_area_land_area#cameroon#469,440 sq km)
(geography_area_comparative_area#cameroon#slightly larger than California)
(geography_land_boundaries_total#cameroon#4,591 km)
(geography_land_boundaries_border_countries#cameroon#Central African Republic 797 km, Chad 1,094 km, Congo 523 km, Equatorial Guinea 189 km, Gabon 298 km, Nigeria 1,690 km)
(geography_coastline#cameroon#402 km)
(geography_maritime_claims_territorial_sea#cameroon#50 nm)
(geography_international_disputes#cameroon#demarcation of international boundaries in vicinity of Lake Chad, the lack of which led to border incidents in the past, is completed and awaits ratification by Cameroon, Chad, Niger, and Nigeria; dispute with Nigeria over land and maritime boundaries in the vicinity of the Bakasi Peninsula has been referred to the International Court of Justice)
(geography_climate#cameroon#varies with terrain, from tropical along coast to semiarid and hot in north)
(geography_terrain#cameroon#diverse, with coastal plain in southwest, dissected plateau in center, mountains in west, plains in north)
(geography_terrain_lowest_point#cameroon#Atlantic Ocean 0 m)
(geography_terrain_highest_point#cameroon#Fako 4,095 m)
(geography_natural_resources#cameroon#petroleum, bauxite, iron ore, timber, hydropower potential)
(geography_land_use_arable_land#cameroon#13%)
(geography_land_use_permanent_crops#cameroon#2%)
(geography_land_use_meadows_and_pastures#cameroon#18%)
(geography_land_use_forest_and_woodland#cameroon#54%)
(geography_land_use_other#cameroon#13%)
(geography_irrigated_land#cameroon#280 sq km {1989 est.})
(geography_environment_current_issues#cameroon#water-borne diseases are prevalent; deforestation; overgrazing; desertification; poaching; overfishing)
(geography_environment_natural_hazards#cameroon#recent volcanic activity with release of poisonous gases)
(geography_environment_international_agreements#cameroon#party to - Biodiversity, Climate Change, Endangered Species, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Tropical Timber 83; signed, but not ratified - Desertification, Nuclear Test Ban, Tropical Timber 94)
(geography_geographic_note#cameroon#sometimes referred to as the hinge of Africa)
(people_population#cameroon#14,261,557 {July 1996 est.})
(people_age_structure_0-14_years#cameroon#46% {male 3,295,924; female 3,266,429})
(people_age_structure_15-64_years#cameroon#51% {male 3,602,037; female 3,627,625})
(people_age_structure_65_years_and_over#cameroon#3% {male 213,176; female 256,366} {July 1996 est.})
(people_population_growth_rate#cameroon#2.89% {1996 est.})
(people_birth_rate#cameroon#42.49 births/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_death_rate#cameroon#13.56 deaths/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_net_migration_rate#cameroon#0 migrant{s}/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_sex_ratio_at_birth#cameroon#1.03 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_under_15_years#cameroon#1.01 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_15-64_years#cameroon#0.99 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_65_years_and_over#cameroon#0.83 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_all_ages#cameroon#1 male{s}/female {1996 est.})
(people_infant_mortality_rate#cameroon#78.7 deaths/1,000 live births {1996 est.})
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_total_population#cameroon#52.6 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_male#cameroon#51.55 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_female#cameroon#53.68 years {1996 est.})
(people_total_fertility_rate#cameroon#5.99 children born/woman {1996 est.})
(people_nationality_noun#cameroon#Cameroonian{s})
(people_nationality_adjective#cameroon#Cameroonian)
(people_ethnic_divisions#cameroon#Cameroon Highlanders 31%, Equatorial Bantu 19%, Kirdi 11%, Fulani 10%, Northwestern Bantu 8%, Eastern Nigritic 7%, other African 13%, non-African less than 1%)
(people_religions#cameroon#indigenous beliefs 51%, Christian 33%, Muslim 16%)
(people_languages#cameroon#24 major African language groups, English {official}, French {official})
(people_literacy#cameroon#age 15 and over can read and write {1995 est.})
(people_literacy_total_population#cameroon#63.4%)
(people_literacy_male#cameroon#75%)
(people_literacy_female#cameroon#52.1%)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_long_form#cameroon#Republic of Cameroon)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_short_form#cameroon#Cameroon)
(government_name_of_country_former#cameroon#French Cameroon)
(government_data_code#cameroon#CM)
(government_type_of_government#cameroon#unitary republic; multiparty presidential regime {opposition parties legalized 1990})
(government_capital#cameroon#Yaounde)
(government_administrative_divisions#cameroon#10 provinces; Adamaoua, Centre, Est, Extreme-Nord, Littoral, Nord, Nord-Ouest, Ouest, Sud, Sud-Ouest)
(government_independence#cameroon#1 January 1960 {from UN trusteeship under French administration})
(government_national_holiday#cameroon#National Day, 20 May {1972})
(government_constitution#cameroon#20 May 1972)
(government_legal_system#cameroon#based on French civil law system, with common law influence; does not accept compulsory ICJ jurisdiction)
(government_suffrage#cameroon#21 years of age; universal)
(government_executive_branch_chief_of_state#cameroon#President Paul BIYA {since 6 November 1982} elected for a five-year term by universal suffrage; election last held 11 October 1992 {next to be held NA October 1997}; results - President Paul BIYA reelected with about 40% of the vote amid widespread allegations of fraud; SDF candidate John FRU NDI got 36% of the vote; UNDP candidate Bello Bouba MAIGARI got 19% of the vote)
(government_executive_branch_head_of_government#cameroon#Prime Minister Simon ACHIDI ACHU {since 9 April 1992} appointed by the president)
(government_executive_branch_cabinet#cameroon#Cabinet appointed by the president)
(government_legislative_branch#cameroon#unicameral)
(government_national_assembly_{assemblee_nationale}#cameroon#elections last held 1 March 1992 {next to be held NA March 1997}; results - percent of vote by party NA; seats {180 total} CPDM 88, UNDP 68, UPC 18, MDR 6)
(government_judicial_branch#cameroon#Supreme Court)
(government_political_parties_and_leaders#cameroon#Cameroon People's Democratic Movement {CPDM} {government-controlled and the only party until legalization of opposition parties in 1990}, Paul BIYA, president)
(government_political_parties_and_leaders_major_opposition_parties#cameroon#National Union for Democracy and Progress {UNDP}; Social Democratic Front {SDF}; Cameroonian Democratic Union {UDC}; Union of Cameroonian Populations {UPC}; Movement for the Defense of the Republic {MDR})
(government_other_political_or_pressure_groups#cameroon#Alliance for Change {FAC}, Cameroon Anglophone Movement {CAM})
(government_international_organization_participation#cameroon#ACCT, ACP, AfDB, BDEAC, CCC, CEEAC, ECA, FAO, FZ, G-19, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Inmarsat, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, ITU, NAM, OAU, OIC, PCA, UDEAC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_chief_of_mission#cameroon#Ambassador Jerome MENDOUGA)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_chancery#cameroon#2349 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_telephone#cameroon#[1] {202} 265-8790 through 8794)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_chief_of_mission#cameroon#Ambassador Charles H. TWINING)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_embassy#cameroon#Rue Nachtigal, Yaounde)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_mailing_address#cameroon#B. P. 817, Yaounde)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_telephone#cameroon#[237] 23-40-14, 23-05-12)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_fax#cameroon#[237] 23-07-53)
(government_flag#cameroon#three equal vertical bands of green {hoist side}, red, and yellow with a yellow five-pointed star centered in the red band; uses the popular pan-African colors of Ethiopia)
(economy_economic_overview#cameroon#Because of its offshore oil resources and favorable agricultural conditions, Cameroon has one of the best-endowed, most diversified primary commodity economies in sub-Saharan Africa. Still, it faces many of the serious problems facing other underdeveloped countries, such as political instability, a top-heavy civil service, and a generally unfavorable climate for business enterprise. The development of the oil sector led to rapid economic growth between 1970 and 1985. Growth came to an abrupt halt in 1986, precipitated by steep declines in the prices of major exports: coffee, cocoa, and petroleum. Export earnings were cut by almost one-third, and inefficiencies in fiscal management were exposed. In 1990-93, with support from the IMF and World Bank, the government began to introduce reforms designed to spur business investment, increase efficiency in agriculture, and recapitalize the nation's banks. Political instability, following suspect elections in 1992, brought IMF/WB structural adjustment to a halt; currently Cameroon receives only minimal assistance from those Bretton Woods institutions. Although the 50% devaluation of the currency of 12 January 1994 improved the potential for export growth, mismanagement remains the main barrier to economic improvement. The devaluation led to a spurt in inflation, to 48% in 1994, but inflation moderated in 1995. Progress toward privatization of remaining state industry remains slow.)
(economy_gdp#cameroon#purchasing power parity - $16.5 billion {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_real_growth_rate#cameroon#1.8% {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_per_capita#cameroon#$1,200 {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_agriculture#cameroon#29%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_industry#cameroon#24%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_services#cameroon#47% {1994 est.})
(economy_inflation_rate_{consumer_prices}#cameroon#48% {1994})
(economy_labor_force#cameroon#NA)
(economy_labor_force_by_occupation#cameroon#agriculture 74.4%, industry and transport 11.4%, other services 14.2% {1983})
(economy_unemployment_rate#cameroon#NA%)
(economy_budget_revenues#cameroon#$1.6 billion)
(economy_budget_expenditures#cameroon#$2.3 billion, including capital expenditures of $226 million {FY92/93 est.})
(economy_industries#cameroon#petroleum production and refining, food processing, light consumer goods, textiles, lumber)
(economy_industrial_production_growth_rate#cameroon#NA%)
(economy_electricity_capacity#cameroon#630,000 kW)
(economy_electricity_production#cameroon#2.7 billion kWh)
(economy_electricity_consumption_per_capita#cameroon#196 kWh {1993})
(economy_agriculture#cameroon#coffee, cocoa, cotton, rubber, bananas, oilseed, grains, root starches; livestock; timber)
(economy_exports#cameroon#$1.2 billion {f.o.b., 1994})
(economy_exports_commodities#cameroon#crude oil and petroleum products, lumber, aluminum, cocoa beans, coffee, cotton)
(economy_exports_partners#cameroon#EU {particularly France} about 50%, African countries, US)
(economy_imports#cameroon#$810 million {f.o.b., 1994})
(economy_imports_commodities#cameroon#machines and electrical equipment, food, consumer goods, transport equipment, petroleum products)
(economy_imports_partners#cameroon#EU {France 38%, Germany}, African countries, Japan 5%, US 5%)
(economy_external_debt#cameroon#$6.6 billion {1993})
(economy_economic_aid_recipient#cameroon#ODA, $449 million {1993})
(economy_currency#cameroon#1 Communaute Financiere Africaine franc {CFAF} = 100 centimes)
(economy_exchange_rates#cameroon#CFA francs {CFAF} per US$1 - 500.56 {January 1996}, 499.15 {1995}, 555.20 {1994}, 283.16 {1993}, 264.69 {1992}, 282.11 {1991})
(economy_exchange_rates_note#cameroon#beginning 12 January 1994, the CFA franc was devalued to CFAF 100 per French franc from CFAF 50 at which it had been fixed since 1948)
(economy_fiscal_year#cameroon#1 July - 30 June)
(transportation_railways_total#cameroon#1,104 km {1995 est.})
(transportation_railways_narrow_gauge#cameroon#1,104 km 1.000-m gauge)
(transportation_highways_total#cameroon#64,626 km)
(transportation_highways_paved#cameroon#2,666 km)
(transportation_highways_unpaved#cameroon#61,960 km {1987 est.})
(transportation_waterways#cameroon#2,090 km; of decreasing importance)
(transportation_ports#cameroon#Bonaberi, Douala, Garoua, Kribi, Tiko)
(transportation_merchant_marine_total#cameroon#2 cargo ships {1,000 GRT or over} totaling 24,122 GRT/33,509 DWT {1995 est.})
(transportation_airports#cameroon#45)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_over_3,047_m#cameroon#2)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_2,438_to_3,047_m#cameroon#4)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_1,524_to_2,437_m#cameroon#3)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_914_to_1,523_m#cameroon#1)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_under_914_m#cameroon#13)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_1,524_to_2,437_m#cameroon#7)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_914_to_1,523_m#cameroon#15 {1995 est.})
(communications_telephones#cameroon#36,737 {1991 est.})
(communications_telephone_system#cameroon#available only to business and government)
(communications_telephone_system_domestic#cameroon#cable, microwave radio relay, and tropospheric scatter)
(communications_telephone_system_international#cameroon#satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat {Atlantic Ocean})
(communications_radio_broadcast_stations#cameroon#AM 11, FM 11, shortwave 0)
(communications_radios#cameroon#2 million {1993 est.})
(communications_television_broadcast_stations#cameroon#1 {1995})
(communications_televisions#cameroon#NA)
(defense_branches#cameroon#Army, Navy {includes Naval Infantry}, Air Force, National Gendarmerie, Presidential Guard)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_age_15-49#cameroon#3,112,339)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_fit_for_military_service#cameroon#1,572,150)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_reach_military_age_{18}_annually#cameroon#151,300 {1996 est.})
(defense_defense_expenditures#cameroon#exchange rate conversion - $102 million, NA% of GDP {FY93/94})
(geography_location#canada#Northern North America, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean and North Pacific Ocean, north of the conterminous US)
(geography_geographic_coordinates#canada#60 00 N, 95 00 W)
(geography_map_references#canada#North America)
(geography_area_total_area#canada#9,976,140 sq km)
(geography_area_land_area#canada#9,220,970 sq km)
(geography_area_comparative_area#canada#slightly larger than US)
(geography_land_boundaries_total#canada#8,893 km)
(geography_land_boundaries_border_country#canada#US 8,893 km {includes 2,477 km with Alaska})
(geography_coastline#canada#243,791 km)
(geography_maritime_claims_continental_shelf#canada#200 nm or to the edge of the continental margin)
(geography_maritime_claims_exclusive_fishing_zone#canada#200 nm)
(geography_maritime_claims_territorial_sea#canada#12 nm)
(geography_international_disputes#canada#maritime boundary disputes with the US; Saint Pierre and Miquelon is focus of maritime boundary dispute between Canada and France)
(geography_climate#canada#varies from temperate in south to subarctic and arctic in north)
(geography_terrain#canada#mostly plains with mountains in west and lowlands in southeast)
(geography_terrain_lowest_point#canada#Atlantic Ocean 0 m)
(geography_terrain_highest_point#canada#Mount Logan 5,950 m)
(geography_natural_resources#canada#nickel, zinc, copper, gold, lead, molybdenum, potash, silver, fish, timber, wildlife, coal, petroleum, natural gas)
(geography_land_use_arable_land#canada#9%)
(geography_land_use_permanent_crops#canada#0%)
(geography_land_use_meadows_and_pastures#canada#3%)
(geography_land_use_forest_and_woodland#canada#45%)
(geography_land_use_other#canada#43%)
(geography_irrigated_land#canada#8,400 sq km {1989 est.})
(geography_environment_current_issues#canada#air pollution and resulting acid rain severely affecting lakes and damaging forests; metal smelting, coal-burning utilities, and vehicle emissions impacting on agricultural and forest productivity; ocean waters becoming contaminated due to agricultural, industrial, mining, and forestry activities)
(geography_environment_natural_hazards#canada#continuous permafrost in north is a serious obstacle to development; cyclonic storms form east of the Rocky Mountains, a result of the mixing of air masses from the Arctic, Pacific, and North American interior, and produce most of the country's rain and snow)
(geography_environment_international_agreements#canada#party to - Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Sulphur 85, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Marine Dumping, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Wetlands, Whaling; signed, but not ratified - Air Pollution-Sulphur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Law of the Sea, Tropical Timber 94)
(geography_geographic_note#canada#second-largest country in world {after Russia}; strategic location between Russia and US via north polar route; nearly 90% of the population is concentrated within 161 km of the US/Canada border)
(people_population#canada#28,820,671 {July 1996 est.})
(people_age_structure_0-14_years#canada#21% {male 3,032,458; female 2,889,603})
(people_age_structure_15-64_years#canada#67% {male 9,663,955; female 9,660,648})
(people_age_structure_65_years_and_over#canada#12% {male 1,501,542; female 2,072,465} {July 1996 est.})
(people_population_growth_rate#canada#1.06% {1996 est.})
(people_birth_rate#canada#13.33 births/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_death_rate#canada#7.17 deaths/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_net_migration_rate#canada#4.47 migrant{s}/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_sex_ratio_at_birth#canada#1.05 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_under_15_years#canada#1.05 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_15-64_years#canada#1 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_65_years_and_over#canada#0.72 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_all_ages#canada#0.97 male{s}/female {1996 est.})
(people_infant_mortality_rate#canada#6.1 deaths/1,000 live births {1996 est.})
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_total_population#canada#79.07 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_male#canada#75.67 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_female#canada#82.65 years {1996 est.})
(people_total_fertility_rate#canada#1.81 children born/woman {1996 est.})
(people_nationality_noun#canada#Canadian{s})
(people_nationality_adjective#canada#Canadian)
(people_ethnic_divisions#canada#British Isles origin 40%, French origin 27%, other European 20%, indigenous Indian and Eskimo 1.5%, other, mostly Asian 11.5%)
(people_religions#canada#Roman Catholic 45%, United Church 12%, Anglican 8%, other 35% {1991})
(people_languages#canada#English {official}, French {official})
(people_literacy#canada#age 15 and over can read and write {1986 est.})
(people_literacy_total_population#canada#97%)
(people_literacy_male#canada#NA%)
(people_literacy_female#canada#NA%)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_long_form#canada#none)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_short_form#canada#Canada)
(government_data_code#canada#CA)
(government_type_of_government#canada#confederation with parliamentary democracy)
(government_capital#canada#Ottawa)
(government_administrative_divisions#canada#10 provinces and 2 territories*; Alberta, British Columbia, Manitoba, New Brunswick, Newfoundland, Northwest Territories*, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Prince Edward Island, Quebec, Saskatchewan, Yukon Territory*)
(government_independence#canada#1 July 1867 {from UK})
(government_national_holiday#canada#Canada Day, 1 July {1867})
(government_constitution#canada#amended British North America Act 1867 patriated to Canada 17 April 1982; charter of rights and unwritten customs)
(government_legal_system#canada#based on English common law, except in Quebec, where civil law system based on French law prevails; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations)
(government_suffrage#canada#18 years of age; universal)
(government_executive_branch_chief_of_state#canada#Queen ELIZABETH II {since 6 February 1952}, a hereditary monarch, is represented by Governor General Romeo LeBLANC {since 8 February 1995}, who was appointed by the queen)
(government_executive_branch_head_of_government#canada#Prime Minister Jean CHRETIEN {since 4 November 1993} was appointed by the governor general; on 25 October 1993; Deputy Prime Minister Sheila COPPS {since NA}; note - the prime minister is the leader of the political party commanding a majority in the House of Commons)
(government_executive_branch_cabinet#canada#Federal Ministry was chosen by the prime minister from members of his own party sitting in Parliament)
(government_legislative_branch#canada#bicameral Parliament {Parlement})
(government_senate_{senat}#canada#consisting of a body whose members are appointed to serve until 75 years of age by the governor general and selected on the advice of the prime minister; its normal limit is 104 senators)
(government_house_of_commons_{chambre_des_communes}#canada#elections last held 25 October 1993 {next to be held by NA October 1998}; results - percent of votes by party NA; seats - {295 total} Liberal Party 179, Bloc Quebecois 53, Reform Party 52, New Democratic Party 8, Progressive Conservative Party 2, independents 1)
(government_judicial_branch#canada#Supreme Court)
(government_political_parties_and_leaders#canada#Liberal Party, Jean CHRETIEN; Bloc Quebecois, Michel GAUTHIER; Reform Party, Preston MANNING; New Democratic Party, Alexa MCDONOUGH; Progressive Conservative Party, Jean CHAREST)
(government_international_organization_participation#canada#ACCT, AfDB, AG {observer}, APEC, AsDB, Australia Group, BIS, C, CCC, CDB {non-regional}, EBRD, ECE, ECLAC, ESA {cooperating state}, FAO, G- 7, G- 8, G-10, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Inmarsat, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, MTCR, NACC, NAM {guest}, NATO, NEA, NSG, OAS, OECD, OSCE, PCA, UN, UNAMIR, UNCRO, UNCTAD, UNDOF, UNESCO, UNFICYP, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIKOM, UNITAR, UNPREDEP, UNPROFOR, UNTSO, UNU, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO, ZC)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_chief_of_mission#canada#Ambassador Raymond A. J. CHRETIEN)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_chancery#canada#501 Pennsylvania Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20001)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_telephone#canada#[1] {202} 682-1740)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_fax#canada#[1] {202} 682-7726)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_consulate{s}_general#canada#Atlanta, Boston, Buffalo, Chicago, Dallas, Detroit, Los Angeles, Minneapolis, New York, and Seattle)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_consulate{s}#canada#Cincinnati, Cleveland, Miami, Philadelphia, Pittsburgh, Princeton, San Diego, San Francisco, San Jose, and San Juan {Puerto Rico})
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_chief_of_mission#canada#Ambassador {vacant})
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_embassy#canada#100 Wellington Street, K1P 5T1, Ottawa)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_mailing_address#canada#P. O. Box 5000, Ogdensburg, NY 13669-0430)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_telephone#canada#[1] {613} 238-5335, 4470)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_fax#canada#[1] {613} 238-5720)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_consulate{s}_general#canada#Calgary, Halifax, Montreal, Quebec, Toronto, and Vancouver)
(government_flag#canada#three vertical bands of red {hoist side}, white {double width, square}, and red with a red maple leaf centered in the white band)
(economy_economic_overview#canada#As an affluent, high-tech industrial society, Canada today closely resembles the US in per capita output, market-oriented economic system, and pattern of production. Since World War II, the impressive growth of the manufacturing, mining, and service sectors has transformed the nation from a largely rural economy into one primarily industrial and urban. Canada started the 1990s in recession, and real rates of growth have averaged only 1.1% so far this decade. Because of slower growth, Canada still faces high unemployment and a large public sector debt. With its great natural resources, skilled labor force, and modern capital plant, however, Canada will enjoy better economic prospects in the future. The continuing constitutional impasse between English- and French-speaking areas is raising the possibility of a split in the confederation, making foreign investors somewhat edgy.)
(economy_gdp#canada#purchasing power parity - $694 billion {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_real_growth_rate#canada#2.1% {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_per_capita#canada#$24,400 {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_agriculture#canada#2%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_industry#canada#26%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_services#canada#72% {1994})
(economy_inflation_rate_{consumer_prices}#canada#2.4% {1995 est.})
(economy_labor_force#canada#13.38 million)
(economy_labor_force_by_occupation#canada#services 75%, manufacturing 14%, agriculture 4%, construction 3%, other 4% {1988})
(economy_unemployment_rate#canada#9.5% {1995})
(economy_budget_revenues#canada#$90.4 billion)
(economy_budget_expenditures#canada#$114.1 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA {FY94/95 est.})
(economy_industries#canada#processed and unprocessed minerals, food products, wood and paper products, transportation equipment, chemicals, fish products, petroleum and natural gas)
(economy_industrial_production_growth_rate#canada#5.9% {1994})
(economy_electricity_capacity#canada#108,090,000 kW)
(economy_electricity_production#canada#511 billion kWh)
(economy_electricity_consumption_per_capita#canada#16,133 kWh {1993})
(economy_agriculture#canada#wheat, barley, oilseed, tobacco, fruits, vegetables; dairy products; forest products; commercial fisheries provide annual catch of 1.5 million metric tons, of which 75% is exported)
(economy_illicit_drugs#canada#illicit producer of cannabis for the domestic drug market; use of hydroponics technology permits growers to plant large quantities of high-quality marijuana indoors; growing role as a transit point for heroin and cocaine entering the US market)
(economy_exports#canada#$185 billion {f.o.b., 1995 est.})
(economy_exports_commodities#canada#newsprint, wood pulp, timber, crude petroleum, machinery, natural gas, aluminum, motor vehicles and parts; telecommunications equipment)
(economy_exports_partners#canada#US, Japan, UK, Germany, South Korea, Netherlands, China)
(economy_imports#canada#$166.7 billion {c.i.f., 1995 est.})
(economy_imports_commodities#canada#crude oil, chemicals, motor vehicles and parts, durable consumer goods, electronic computers; telecommunications equipment and parts)
(economy_imports_partners#canada#US, Japan, UK, Germany, France, Mexico, Taiwan, South Korea)
(economy_external_debt#canada#$233 billion {1994})
(economy_economic_aid_donor#canada#ODA, $2.373 billion {1993})
(economy_economic_aid_note#canada#ODA and OOF commitments, $10.1 billion {1986-91})
(economy_currency#canada#1 Canadian dollar {Can$} = 100 cents)
(economy_exchange_rates#canada#Canadian dollars {Can$} per US$1 - 1.3666 {January 1996}, 1.3724 {1995}, 1.3656 {1994}, 1.2901 {1993}, 1.2087 {1992}, 1.1457 {1991})
(economy_fiscal_year#canada#1 April - 31 March)
(transportation_railways_total#canada#70,176 km; note - there are two major transcontinental freight railway systems: Canadian National {privatized November 1995} and Canadian Pacific Railway; passenger service provided by government-operated firm VIA, which has no trackage of its own)
(transportation_railways_standard_gauge#canada#70,000 km 1.435-m gauge {63 km electrified})
(transportation_railways_narrow_gauge#canada#176 km 0.914-m gauge {1995})
(transportation_highways_total#canada#849,404 km)
(transportation_highways_paved#canada#297,291 km {including 15,983 km of expressways})
(transportation_highways_unpaved#canada#552,113 km {1991 est.})
(transportation_waterways#canada#3,000 km, including Saint Lawrence Seaway)
(transportation_pipelines#canada#crude and refined oil 23,564 km; natural gas 74,980 km)
(transportation_ports#canada#Becancour {Quebec}, Churchill, Halifax, Montreal, New Westminister, Prince Rupert, Quebec, Saint John {New Brunswick}, Saint John's {Newfoundland}, Seven Islands, Sydney, Three Rivers, Thunder Bay, Toronto, Vancouver, Windsor)
(transportation_merchant_marine_total#canada#62 ships {1,000 GRT or over} totaling 573,089 GRT/804,436 DWT)
(transportation_merchant_marine_ships_by_type#canada#bulk 17, cargo 9, chemical tanker 4, oil tanker 15, passenger 2, passenger-cargo 1, railcar carrier 2, roll-on/roll-off cargo 7, short-sea passenger 3, specialized tanker 2)
(transportation_merchant_marine_note#canada#does not include ships used exclusively in the Great Lakes {1995 est.})
(transportation_airports_total#canada#1,138)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_over_3,047_m#canada#17)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_2,438_to_3,047_m#canada#15)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_1,524_to_2,437_m#canada#136)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_914_to_1,523_m#canada#226)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_under_914_m#canada#422)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_1,524_to_2,437_m#canada#53)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_914_to_1,523_m#canada#269 {1995 est.})
(transportation_heliports#canada#14 {1995 est.})
(communications_telephones#canada#15.3 million {1990})
(communications_telephone_system#canada#excellent service provided by modern technology)
(communications_telephone_system_domestic#canada#domestic satellite system with about 300 earth stations)
(communications_telephone_system_international#canada#5 coaxial submarine cables; satellite earth stations - 5 Intelsat {4 Atlantic Ocean and 1 Pacific Ocean} and 2 Intersputnik {Atlantic Ocean Region})
(communications_radio_broadcast_stations#canada#AM 900, FM 29, shortwave 0)
(communications_radios#canada#NA)
(communications_television_broadcast_stations#canada#70 {repeaters 1,400} {1991})
(communications_televisions#canada#11.53 million {1983 est.})
(defense_branches#canada#Canadian Armed Forces {includes Land Forces Command or LC, Maritime Command or MC, Air Command or AC, Communications Command or CC, Training Command or TC}, Royal Canadian Mounted Police {RCMP})
(defense_manpower_availability_males_age_15-49#canada#7,645,245)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_fit_for_military_service#canada#6,575,057)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_reach_military_age_{17}_annually#canada#197,688 {1996 est.})
(defense_defense_expenditures#canada#exchange rate conversion - $9.0 billion, 1.6% of GDP {FY95/96})
(geography_location#cape_verde#Western Africa, group of Islands in the North Atlantic Ocean, west of Senegal)
(geography_geographic_coordinates#cape_verde#16 00 N, 24 00 W)
(geography_map_references#cape_verde#World)
(geography_area_total_area#cape_verde#4,030 sq km)
(geography_area_land_area#cape_verde#4,030 sq km)
(geography_area_comparative_area#cape_verde#slightly larger than Rhode Island)
(geography_land_boundaries#cape_verde#0 km)
(geography_coastline#cape_verde#965 km)
(geography_maritime_claims#cape_verde#measured from claimed archipelagic baselines)
(geography_maritime_claims_exclusive_economic_zone#cape_verde#200 nm)
(geography_maritime_claims_territorial_sea#cape_verde#12 nm)
(geography_international_disputes#cape_verde#none)
(geography_climate#cape_verde#temperate; warm, dry summer; precipitation meager and very erratic)
(geography_terrain#cape_verde#steep, rugged, rocky, volcanic)
(geography_terrain_lowest_point#cape_verde#Atlantic Ocean 0 m)
(geography_terrain_highest_point#cape_verde#Pico 2,829 m)
(geography_natural_resources#cape_verde#salt, basalt rock, pozzolana, limestone, kaolin, fish)
(geography_land_use_arable_land#cape_verde#9%)
(geography_land_use_permanent_crops#cape_verde#0%)
(geography_land_use_meadows_and_pastures#cape_verde#6%)
(geography_land_use_forest_and_woodland#cape_verde#0%)
(geography_land_use_other#cape_verde#85%)
(geography_irrigated_land#cape_verde#20 sq km {1989 est.})
(geography_environment_current_issues#cape_verde#overgrazing of livestock and improper land use such as the cultivation of crops on steep slopes has led to soil erosion; demand for wood used as fuel has resulted in deforestation; desertification; environmental damage has threatened several indigenous species of birds and reptiles; overfishing)
(geography_environment_natural_hazards#cape_verde#prolonged droughts; harmattan wind can obscure visibility; volcanically and seismically active)
(geography_environment_international_agreements#cape_verde#party to - Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Environmental Modification, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Nuclear Test Ban)
(geography_geographic_note#cape_verde#strategic location 500 km from west coast of Africa near major north-south sea routes; important communications station; important sea and air refueling site)
(people_population#cape_verde#449,066 {July 1996 est.})
(people_age_structure_0-14_years#cape_verde#50% {male 114,206; female 110,276})
(people_age_structure_15-64_years#cape_verde#46% {male 90,593; female 117,485})
(people_age_structure_65_years_and_over#cape_verde#4% {male 6,450; female 10,056} {July 1996 est.})
(people_population_growth_rate#cape_verde#2.93% {1996 est.})
(people_birth_rate#cape_verde#44.31 births/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_death_rate#cape_verde#8.29 deaths/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_net_migration_rate#cape_verde#-6.68 migrant{s}/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_sex_ratio_at_birth#cape_verde#1.05 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_under_15_years#cape_verde#1.04 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_15-64_years#cape_verde#0.77 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_65_years_and_over#cape_verde#0.64 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_all_ages#cape_verde#0.89 male{s}/female {1996 est.})
(people_infant_mortality_rate#cape_verde#54.3 deaths/1,000 live births {1996 est.})
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_total_population#cape_verde#63.39 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_male#cape_verde#61.47 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_female#cape_verde#65.41 years {1996 est.})
(people_total_fertility_rate#cape_verde#6.12 children born/woman {1996 est.})
(people_nationality_noun#cape_verde#Cape Verdean{s})
(people_nationality_adjective#cape_verde#Cape Verdean)
(people_ethnic_divisions#cape_verde#Creole {mulatto} 71%, African 28%, European 1%)
(people_religions#cape_verde#Roman Catholicism fused with indigenous beliefs)
(people_languages#cape_verde#Portuguese, Crioulo, a blend of Portuguese and West African words)
(people_literacy#cape_verde#age 15 and over can read and write {1995 est.})
(people_literacy_total_population#cape_verde#71.6%)
(people_literacy_male#cape_verde#81.4%)
(people_literacy_female#cape_verde#63.8%)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_long_form#cape_verde#Republic of Cape Verde)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_short_form#cape_verde#Cape Verde)
(government_name_of_country_local_long_form#cape_verde#Republica de Cabo Verde)
(government_name_of_country_local_short_form#cape_verde#Cabo Verde)
(government_data_code#cape_verde#CV)
(government_type_of_government#cape_verde#republic)
(government_capital#cape_verde#Praia)
(government_administrative_divisions#cape_verde#14 districts {concelhos, singular - concelho}; Boa Vista, Brava, Fogo, Maio, Paul, Praia, Porto Novo, Ribeira Grande, Sal, Santa Catarina, Santa Cruz, Sao Nicolau, Sao Vicente, Tarrafal)
(government_independence#cape_verde#5 July 1975 {from Portugal})
(government_national_holiday#cape_verde#Independence Day, 5 July {1975})
(government_constitution#cape_verde#new constitution came into force 25 September 1992)
(government_legal_system#cape_verde#NA)
(government_suffrage#cape_verde#18 years of age; universal)
(government_executive_branch_chief_of_state#cape_verde#President Antonio MASCARENHAS Monteiro {since 22 March 1991} elected for a five-year term by universal suffrage; election last held 18 February 1996 {next to be held NA February 2001}; results - Antonio Monteiro MASCARENHAS {independent} received 80.1% of vote)
(government_executive_branch_head_of_government#cape_verde#Prime Minister Carlos Alberto Wahnon de Carvalho VEIGA {since 13 January 1991} nominated by the People'sNational Assembly and appointed by the president)
(government_executive_branch_cabinet#cape_verde#Council of Ministers appointed by prime minister from members of the Peoples National Assembly)
(government_legislative_branch#cape_verde#unicameral)
(government_people's_national_assembly_{assembleia_nacional_popular}#cape_verde#elections last held 17 December 1995 {next to be held NA}; results - MPD 59%, PAICV 28%, PCD 6%; seats - {72 total} MPD 50, PAICV 21, PCD 1)
(government_judicial_branch#cape_verde#Supreme Tribunal of Justice {Supremo Tribunal de Justia})
(government_political_parties_and_leaders#cape_verde#Movement for Democracy {MPD}, Prime Minister Carlos VEIGA, founder and chairman; African Party for Independence of Cape Verde {PAICV}, Pedro Verona Rodrigues PIRES, chairman; Party for Democratic Convergence {PCD})
(government_international_organization_participation#cape_verde#ACP, AfDB, CCC, ECA, ECOWAS, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, IOM {observer}, ITU, NAM, OAU, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCL, WHO, WMO, WTrO {applicant})
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_chief_of_mission#cape_verde#Ambassador Alberto Santos SILVA-CARLOS)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_chancery#cape_verde#3415 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20007)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_telephone#cape_verde#[1] {202} 965-6820)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_fax#cape_verde#[1] {202} 965-1207)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_consulate{s}_general#cape_verde#Boston)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_chief_of_mission#cape_verde#Ambassador Joseph M. SEGARS)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_embassy#cape_verde#Rua Abilio Macedo 81, Praia)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_mailing_address#cape_verde#C. P. 201, Praia)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_telephone#cape_verde#[238] 61 56 16)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_fax#cape_verde#[238] 61 13 55)
(government_flag#cape_verde#three horizontal bands of light blue {top, double width}, white {with a horizontal red stripe in the middle third}, and light blue; a circle of 10 yellow five-pointed stars is centered on the hoist end of the red stripe and extends into the upper and lower blue bands)
(economy_economic_overview#cape_verde#Cape Verde's low per capita GDP reflects a poor natural resource base, serious water shortages exacerbated by cycles of long-term drought, and a high birthrate. The economy is service oriented, with commerce, transport, and public services accounting for 60% of GDP. Although nearly 70% of the population lives in rural areas, the share of agriculture in GNP is only 13%, of which fishing accounts for 4%. About 90% of food must be imported. The fishing potential, mostly lobster and tuna, is not fully exploited. Cape Verde annually runs a high trade deficit, financed by remittances from emigrants and foreign aid, which form important supplements to GDP. Economic reforms, launched by the new democratic government in 1991, are aimed at developing the private sector and attracting foreign investment to diversify the economy. Prospects for 1996 depend heavily on the maintenance of aid flows, remittances, and the momentum of the government's development program.)
(economy_gdp#cape_verde#purchasing power parity - $440 million {1994 est.})
(economy_gdp_real_growth_rate#cape_verde#4.6% {1994 est.})
(economy_gdp_per_capita#cape_verde#$1,040 {1994 est.})
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_agriculture#cape_verde#13%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_industry#cape_verde#17%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_services#cape_verde#70% {1992 est.})
(economy_inflation_rate_{consumer_prices}#cape_verde#5% {1994 est.})
(economy_labor_force#cape_verde#102,000 {1985 est.})
(economy_labor_force_by_occupation#cape_verde#agriculture {mostly subsistence} 57%, services 29%, industry 14% {1981})
(economy_unemployment_rate#cape_verde#35% {1994 est.})
(economy_budget_revenues#cape_verde#$174 million)
(economy_budget_expenditures#cape_verde#$235 million, including capital expenditures of $165 million {1993 est.})
(economy_industries#cape_verde#fish processing, salt mining, garments, ship repair, food and beverages)
(economy_industrial_production_growth_rate#cape_verde#NA%)
(economy_electricity_capacity#cape_verde#15,000 kW)
(economy_electricity_production#cape_verde#40 million kWh)
(economy_electricity_consumption_per_capita#cape_verde#73 kWh {1993})
(economy_agriculture#cape_verde#bananas, corn, beans, sweet potatoes, sugarcane, coffee, peanuts; fish)
(economy_illicit_drugs#cape_verde#increasingly used as a transshipment point for illicit drugs moving from Latin America and Africa destined for Western Europe)
(economy_exports#cape_verde#$4.4 million {f.o.b., 1992 est.})
(economy_exports_commodities#cape_verde#fish, bananas)
(economy_exports_partners#cape_verde#Netherlands, Portugal, Angola, Spain)
(economy_imports#cape_verde#$173 million {f.o.b., 1992 est.})
(economy_imports_commodities#cape_verde#foodstuffs, consumer goods, industrial products, transport equipment)
(economy_imports_partners#cape_verde#Portugal, Netherlands, Germany, Spain, Brazil, France, Cote d'Ivoire)
(economy_external_debt#cape_verde#$156 million {1991})
(economy_economic_aid_recipient#cape_verde#ODA, $NA)
(economy_currency#cape_verde#1 Cape Verdean escudo {CVEsc} = 100 centavos)
(economy_exchange_rates#cape_verde#Cape Verdean escudos {CVEsc} per US$1 - 77.860 {December 1995}, 76.853 {1995}, 81.891 {1994}, 80.427 {1993}, 68.018 {1992}, 71.408 {1991})
(economy_fiscal_year#cape_verde#calendar year)
(transportation_railways#cape_verde#0 km)
(transportation_highways_total#cape_verde#1,100 km)
(transportation_highways_paved#cape_verde#680 km)
(transportation_highways_unpaved#cape_verde#420 km {1992 est.})
(transportation_ports#cape_verde#Mindelo, Praia, Tarrafal)
(transportation_merchant_marine_total#cape_verde#4 {1,000 GRT or over} totaling 5,632 GRT/8,872 DWT cargo 3, chemical tanker 1 {1995 est.})
(transportation_airports_total#cape_verde#6)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_over_3,047_m#cape_verde#1)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_914_to_1,523_m#cape_verde#5 {1995 est.})
(communications_telephones#cape_verde#1,740 {1987 est.})
(communications_telephone_system_domestic#cape_verde#interisland microwave radio relay system)
(communications_telephone_system_international#cape_verde#2 coaxial submarine cables; HF radiotelephone to Senegal and Guinea-Bissau; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat {Atlantic Ocean})
(communications_radio_broadcast_stations#cape_verde#AM 1, FM 6, shortwave 0)
(communications_radios#cape_verde#NA)
(communications_television_broadcast_stations#cape_verde#1 {1987 est.})
(communications_televisions#cape_verde#7,000 {1991 est.})
(defense_branches#cape_verde#People's Revolutionary Armed Forces {FARP; includes Army and Navy}, Security Service)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_age_15-49#cape_verde#84,003)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_fit_for_military_service#cape_verde#48,885 {1996 est.})
(defense_defense_expenditures#cape_verde#exchange rate conversion - $3.4 million, NA% of GDP {1994})
(header_affiliation#cayman_islands#{dependent territory of the UK})
(geography_location#cayman_islands#Caribbean, island group in Caribbean Sea, nearly one-half of the way from Cuba to Honduras)
(geography_geographic_coordinates#cayman_islands#19 30 N, 80 30 W)
(geography_map_references#cayman_islands#Central America and the Caribbean)
(geography_area_total_area#cayman_islands#260 sq km)
(geography_area_land_area#cayman_islands#260 sq km)
(geography_area_comparative_area#cayman_islands#1.5 times the size of Washington, DC)
(geography_land_boundaries#cayman_islands#0 km)
(geography_coastline#cayman_islands#160 km)
(geography_maritime_claims_exclusive_fishing_zone#cayman_islands#200 nm)
(geography_maritime_claims_territorial_sea#cayman_islands#12 nm)
(geography_international_disputes#cayman_islands#none)
(geography_climate#cayman_islands#tropical marine; warm, rainy summers {May to October} and cool, relatively dry winters {November to April})
(geography_terrain#cayman_islands#low-lying limestone base surrounded by coral reefs)
(geography_terrain_lowest_point#cayman_islands#Caribbean Sea 0 m)
(geography_terrain_highest_point#cayman_islands#The Bluff 43 m)
(geography_natural_resources#cayman_islands#fish, climate and beaches that foster tourism)
(geography_land_use_arable_land#cayman_islands#0%)
(geography_land_use_permanent_crops#cayman_islands#0%)
(geography_land_use_meadows_and_pastures#cayman_islands#8%)
(geography_land_use_forest_and_woodland#cayman_islands#23%)
(geography_land_use_other#cayman_islands#69%)
(geography_irrigated_land#cayman_islands#NA sq km)
(geography_environment_current_issues#cayman_islands#no natural fresh water resources, drinking water supplies must be met by rainwater catchment)
(geography_environment_natural_hazards#cayman_islands#hurricanes {July to November})
(geography_environment_international_agreements#cayman_islands#NA)
(geography_geographic_note#cayman_islands#important location between Cuba and Central America)
(people_population#cayman_islands#34,646 {July 1996 est.})
(people_age_structure_0-14_years#cayman_islands#NA)
(people_age_structure_15-64_years#cayman_islands#NA)
(people_age_structure_65_years_and_over#cayman_islands#NA)
(people_population_growth_rate#cayman_islands#4.27% {1996 est.})
(people_birth_rate#cayman_islands#14.52 births/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_death_rate#cayman_islands#4.98 deaths/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_net_migration_rate#cayman_islands#33.2 migrant{s}/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_net_migration_rate_note#cayman_islands#major destination for Cubans trying to migrate to the US)
(people_sex_ratio_at_birth#cayman_islands#NA male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_under_15_years#cayman_islands#NA male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_15-64_years#cayman_islands#NA male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_65_years_and_over#cayman_islands#NA male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_all_ages#cayman_islands#NA male{s}/female)
(people_infant_mortality_rate#cayman_islands#8.4 deaths/1,000 live births {1996 est.})
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_total_population#cayman_islands#77.1 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_male#cayman_islands#75.37 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_female#cayman_islands#78.81 years {1996 est.})
(people_total_fertility_rate#cayman_islands#1.4 children born/woman {1996 est.})
(people_nationality_noun#cayman_islands#Caymanian{s})
(people_nationality_adjective#cayman_islands#Caymanian)
(people_ethnic_divisions#cayman_islands#mixed 40%, white 20%, black 20%, expatriates of various ethnic groups 20%)
(people_religions#cayman_islands#United Church {Presbyterian and Congregational}, Anglican, Baptist, Roman Catholic, Church of God, other Protestant denominations)
(people_languages#cayman_islands#English)
(people_literacy#cayman_islands#age 15 and over has ever attended school {1970 est.})
(people_literacy_total_population#cayman_islands#98%)
(people_literacy_male#cayman_islands#98%)
(people_literacy_female#cayman_islands#98%)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_long_form#cayman_islands#none)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_short_form#cayman_islands#Cayman Islands)
(government_data_code#cayman_islands#CJ)
(government_type_of_government#cayman_islands#dependent territory of the UK)
(government_capital#cayman_islands#George Town)
(government_administrative_divisions#cayman_islands#8 districts; Creek, Eastern, Midland, South Town, Spot Bay, Stake Bay, West End, Western)
(government_independence#cayman_islands#none {dependent territory of the UK})
(government_national_holiday#cayman_islands#Constitution Day {first Monday in July})
(government_constitution#cayman_islands#1959, revised 1972 and 1992)
(government_legal_system#cayman_islands#British common law and local statutes)
(government_suffrage#cayman_islands#18 years of age; universal)
(government_executive_branch_chief_of_state#cayman_islands#Queen ELIZABETH II {of the United Kingdom since 6 February 1952} is a hereditary monarch)
(government_executive_branch_head_of_government#cayman_islands#Governor and President of the Executive Council John OWEN {since 15 September 1995})
(government_executive_branch_cabinet#cayman_islands#Executive Council - three members are appointed by the governor, four members are elected by the Legislative Assembly)
(government_legislative_branch#cayman_islands#unicameral)
(government_legislative_assembly#cayman_islands#election last held 18 November 1992 {next to be held NA November 1996}; results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - {15 total, 12 elected} independents 12)
(government_judicial_branch#cayman_islands#Grand Court; Cayman Islands Court of Appeal)
(government_political_parties_and_leaders#cayman_islands#no formal political parties)
(government_international_organization_participation#cayman_islands#Caricom {observer}, CDB, Interpol {subbureau}, IOC)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us#cayman_islands#none {dependent territory of the UK})
(government_us_diplomatic_representation#cayman_islands#none {dependent territory of the UK})
(government_flag#cayman_islands#blue, with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side quadrant and the Caymanian coat of arms on a white disk centered on the outer half of the flag; the coat of arms includes a pineapple and turtle above a shield with three stars {representing the three islands} and a scroll at the bottom bearing the motto HE HATH FOUNDED IT UPON THE SEAS)
(economy_economic_overview#cayman_islands#With no direct taxation, the Islands are a thriving offshore financial center. Tourism is also a mainstay, accounting for about 70% of GDP and 75% of foreign currency earnings. The tourist industry is aimed at the luxury market and caters mainly to visitors from North America. Total tourist arrivals exceeded one million visitors in 1995 for the first time. About 90% of the islands' food and consumer goods must be imported. The Caymanians enjoy one of the highest outputs per capita and one of the highest standards of living in the world.)
(economy_gdp#cayman_islands#purchasing power parity - $750 million {1994 est.})
(economy_gdp_real_growth_rate#cayman_islands#4.5% {1994 est.})
(economy_gdp_per_capita#cayman_islands#$22,500 {1994 est.})
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_agriculture#cayman_islands#1.4%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_industry#cayman_islands#3.2%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_services#cayman_islands#95.4% {1994 est.})
(economy_inflation_rate_{consumer_prices}#cayman_islands#1.8% {1995 est.})
(economy_labor_force#cayman_islands#8,061)
(economy_labor_force_by_occupation#cayman_islands#service workers 18.7%, clerical 18.6%, construction 12.5%, finance and investment 6.7%, directors and business managers 5.9% {1979})
(economy_unemployment_rate#cayman_islands#7% {1992})
(economy_budget_revenues#cayman_islands#$141.5 million)
(economy_budget_expenditures#cayman_islands#$160.7 million, including capital expenditures of $NA {1991})
(economy_industries#cayman_islands#tourism, banking, insurance and finance, construction, construction materials, furniture)
(economy_industrial_production_growth_rate#cayman_islands#NA%)
(economy_electricity_capacity#cayman_islands#80,000 kW)
(economy_electricity_production#cayman_islands#230 million kWh)
(economy_electricity_consumption_per_capita#cayman_islands#6,899 kWh {1993})
(economy_agriculture#cayman_islands#vegetables, fruit; livestock; turtle farming)
(economy_illicit_drugs#cayman_islands#a major money-laundering center for illicit drug profits; transshipment point for narcotics bound for the US and Europe)
(economy_exports#cayman_islands#$10 million {f.o.b., 1993 est.})
(economy_exports_commodities#cayman_islands#turtle products, manufactured consumer goods)
(economy_exports_partners#cayman_islands#mostly US)
(economy_imports#cayman_islands#$312 million {c.i.f., 1993 est.})
(economy_imports_commodities#cayman_islands#foodstuffs, manufactured goods)
(economy_imports_partners#cayman_islands#US, Trinidad and Tobago, UK, Netherlands Antilles, Japan)
(economy_external_debt#cayman_islands#$15 million {1986})
(economy_economic_aid_recipient#cayman_islands#ODA, $NA)
(economy_currency#cayman_islands#1 Caymanian dollar {CI$} = 100 cents)
(economy_exchange_rates#cayman_islands#Caymanian dollars {CI$} per US$1 - 0.83 {18 November 1993}, 0.85 {22 November 1993})
(economy_fiscal_year#cayman_islands#1 April - 31 March)
(transportation_railways#cayman_islands#0 km)
(transportation_highways_total#cayman_islands#406 km)
(transportation_highways_paved#cayman_islands#304 km)
(transportation_highways_unpaved#cayman_islands#102 km)
(transportation_ports#cayman_islands#Cayman Brac, George Town)
(transportation_merchant_marine_total#cayman_islands#19 ships {1,000 GRT or over} totaling 283,734 GRT/432,610 DWT)
(transportation_merchant_marine_ships_by_type#cayman_islands#bulk 3, cargo 6, chemical tanker 2, container 1, oil tanker 3, roll-on/roll-off cargo 4)
(transportation_merchant_marine_note#cayman_islands#a flag of convenience registry; UK owns 1 ship, India 1, Norway 1, US 3, Sweden 1, and UAE 1 {1995 est.})
(transportation_airports_total#cayman_islands#3)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_1,524_to_2,437_m#cayman_islands#2)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_914_to_1,523_m#cayman_islands#1 {1995 est.})
(communications_telephones#cayman_islands#21,584 {1993 est.})
(communications_telephone_system_domestic#cayman_islands#NA)
(communications_telephone_system_international#cayman_islands#1 submarine coaxial cable; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat {Atlantic Ocean})
(communications_radio_broadcast_stations#cayman_islands#AM 2, FM 1, shortwave 0)
(communications_radios#cayman_islands#28,200 {1992 est.})
(communications_television_broadcast_stations#cayman_islands#0)
(communications_televisions#cayman_islands#6,000 {1992 est.})
(defense_branches#cayman_islands#Royal Cayman Islands Police Force {RCIPF})
(defense_defense_note#cayman_islands#defense is the responsibility of the UK)
(geography_location#central_african_republic#Central Africa, north of Zaire)
(geography_geographic_coordinates#central_african_republic#7 00 N, 21 00 E)
(geography_map_references#central_african_republic#Africa)
(geography_area_total_area#central_african_republic#622,980 sq km)
(geography_area_land_area#central_african_republic#622,980 sq km)
(geography_area_comparative_area#central_african_republic#slightly smaller than Texas)
(geography_land_boundaries_total#central_african_republic#5,203 km)
(geography_land_boundaries_border_countries#central_african_republic#Cameroon 797 km, Chad 1,197 km, Congo 467 km, Sudan 1,165 km, Zaire 1,577 km)
(geography_coastline#central_african_republic#0 km {landlocked})
(geography_maritime_claims#central_african_republic#none {landlocked})
(geography_international_disputes#central_african_republic#none)
(geography_climate#central_african_republic#tropical; hot, dry winters; mild to hot, wet summers)
(geography_terrain#central_african_republic#vast, flat to rolling, monotonous plateau; scattered hills in northeast and southwest)
(geography_terrain_lowest_point#central_african_republic#Oubangui River 335 m)
(geography_terrain_highest_point#central_african_republic#Mount Gaou 1,420 m)
(geography_natural_resources#central_african_republic#diamonds, uranium, timber, gold, oil)
(geography_land_use_arable_land#central_african_republic#3%)
(geography_land_use_permanent_crops#central_african_republic#0%)
(geography_land_use_meadows_and_pastures#central_african_republic#5%)
(geography_land_use_forest_and_woodland#central_african_republic#64%)
(geography_land_use_other#central_african_republic#28%)
(geography_irrigated_land#central_african_republic#NA sq km)
(geography_environment_current_issues#central_african_republic#tap water is not potable; poaching has diminished reputation as one of last great wildlife refuges; desertification)
(geography_environment_natural_hazards#central_african_republic#hot, dry, dusty harmattan winds affect northern areas; floods are common)
(geography_environment_international_agreements#central_african_republic#party to - Biodiversity, Climate Change, Endangered Species, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection; signed, but not ratified - Desertification, Law of the Sea)
(geography_geographic_note#central_african_republic#landlocked; almost the precise center of Africa)
(people_population#central_african_republic#3,274,426 {July 1996 est.})
(people_age_structure_0-14_years#central_african_republic#44% {male 724,914; female 718,423})
(people_age_structure_15-64_years#central_african_republic#52% {male 839,118; female 877,069})
(people_age_structure_65_years_and_over#central_african_republic#4% {male 53,418; female 61,484} {July 1996 est.})
(people_population_growth_rate#central_african_republic#2.08% {1996 est.})
(people_birth_rate#central_african_republic#39.97 births/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_death_rate#central_african_republic#17.64 deaths/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_net_migration_rate#central_african_republic#-1.53 migrant{s}/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_sex_ratio_at_birth#central_african_republic#1.03 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_under_15_years#central_african_republic#1.01 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_15-64_years#central_african_republic#0.96 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_65_years_and_over#central_african_republic#0.87 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_all_ages#central_african_republic#0.98 male{s}/female {1996 est.})
(people_infant_mortality_rate#central_african_republic#111.7 deaths/1,000 live births {1996 est.})
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_total_population#central_african_republic#45.86 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_male#central_african_republic#45.03 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_female#central_african_republic#46.71 years {1996 est.})
(people_total_fertility_rate#central_african_republic#5.41 children born/woman {1996 est.})
(people_nationality_noun#central_african_republic#Central African{s})
(people_nationality_adjective#central_african_republic#Central African)
(people_ethnic_divisions#central_african_republic#Baya 34%, Banda 27%, Sara 10%, Mandjia 21%, Mboum 4%, M'Baka 4%, Europeans 6,500 {including 3,600 French})
(people_religions#central_african_republic#indigenous beliefs 24%, Protestant 25%, Roman Catholic 25%, Muslim 15%, other 11%)
(people_religions_note#central_african_republic#animistic beliefs and practices strongly influence the Christian majority)
(people_languages#central_african_republic#French {official}, Sangho {lingua franca and national language}, Arabic, Hunsa, Swahili)
(people_literacy#central_african_republic#age 15 and over can read and write {1995 est.})
(people_literacy_total_population#central_african_republic#60%)
(people_literacy_male#central_african_republic#68.5%)
(people_literacy_female#central_african_republic#52.4%)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_long_form#central_african_republic#Central African Republic)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_short_form#central_african_republic#none)
(government_name_of_country_local_long_form#central_african_republic#Republique Centrafricaine)
(government_name_of_country_local_short_form#central_african_republic#none)
(government_name_of_country_former#central_african_republic#Central African Empire)
(government_name_of_country_abbreviation#central_african_republic#CAR)
(government_data_code#central_african_republic#CT)
(government_type_of_government#central_african_republic#republic;)
(government_capital#central_african_republic#Bangui)
(government_administrative_divisions#central_african_republic#14 prefectures {prefectures, singular - prefecture}, 2 economic prefectures* {prefectures economiques, singular - prefecture economique}, and 1 commune**; Bamingui-Bangoran, Bangui**, Basse-Kotto, Gribingui*, Haute-Kotto, Haute-Sangha, Haut-Mbomou, Kemo-Gribingui, Lobaye, Mbomou, Nana-Mambere, Ombella-Mpoko, Ouaka, Ouham, Ouham-Pende, Sangha*, Vakaga)
(government_independence#central_african_republic#13 August 1960 {from France})
(government_national_holiday#central_african_republic#National Day, 1 December {1958} {proclamation of the republic})
(government_constitution#central_african_republic#passed by referendum 29 December 1994; adopted 7 January 1995)
(government_legal_system#central_african_republic#based on French law)
(government_suffrage#central_african_republic#21 years of age; universal)
(government_executive_branch_chief_of_state#central_african_republic#President Ange PATASSE {since 22 October 1993} elected for a five-year term by universal suffrage; election last held 19 September 1993 {next to be held NA 1998}; results - PATASSE received 52.45% of the votes and Abel GOUMBA received 45.62%)
(government_executive_branch_head_of_government#central_african_republic#Prime Minister Jean-Paul NGOUPANDE {since 6 June 1996}; appointed by the president)
(government_executive_branch_cabinet#central_african_republic#Council of Ministers; appointed by the president)
(government_legislative_branch#central_african_republic#unicameral)
(government_national_assembly_{assemblee_nationale}#central_african_republic#elections last held 19 September 1993 {next to be held NA}; results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - {85 total} MLPC 33, RDC 14, PLD 7, ADP 6, PSD 3, others 22)
(government_national_assembly_{assemblee_nationale}_note#central_african_republic#the National Assembly is advised by the Economic and Regional Council {Conseil Economique et Regional}; when they sit together they are called the Congress {Congres})
(government_judicial_branch#central_african_republic#Supreme Court {Cour Supreme}, judges appointed by the president; Constitutional Court, judges appointed by the president)
(government_political_parties_and_leaders#central_african_republic#Alliance for Democracy and Progress {ADP}, Tchapka BREDE; Central African Democratic Assembly {RDC}, Andre KOLINGBA; Civic Forum {FC}, Gen. Timothee MALENDOMA; Liberal Democratic Party {PLD}, Nestor KOMBO-NAGUEMON; Movement for the Liberation of the Central African People {MLPC}, the party of the president, Ange Felix PATASSE; Movement for Democracy and Development {MDD}, David DACKO; Marginal Movement for Democracy, Renaissance and Evolution {MDREC}, Joseph BENDOUNGA; Patriotic Front for Progress {FFP}, Abel GOUMBA; Social Democratic Party {PSD}, Enoch Derant LAKOUE)
(government_international_organization_participation#central_african_republic#ACCT, ACP, AfDB, BDEAC, CCC, CEEAC, ECA, FAO, FZ, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, ITU, NAM, OAU, UDEAC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCL, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTrO)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_chief_of_mission#central_african_republic#Ambassador Henri KOBA)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_chancery#central_african_republic#1618 22nd Street NW, Washington, DC 20008)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_telephone#central_african_republic#[1] {202} 483-7800, 7801)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_fax#central_african_republic#[1] {202} 332-9893)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_chief_of_mission#central_african_republic#Ambassador Mosina H. JORDAN)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_embassy#central_african_republic#Avenue David Dacko, Bangui)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_mailing_address#central_african_republic#B. P. 924, Bangui)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_telephone#central_african_republic#[236] 61 02 00, 61 25 78, 61 02 10)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_fax#central_african_republic#[236] 61 44 94)
(government_flag#central_african_republic#four equal horizontal bands of blue {top}, white, green, and yellow with a vertical red band in center; there is a yellow five-pointed star on the hoist side of the blue band)
(economy_economic_overview#central_african_republic#Subsistence agriculture, together with forestry, remains the backbone of the economy of the Central African Republic {CAR}, with more than 70% of the population living in outlying areas. The agricultural sector generates half of GDP. Timber has accounted for about 13% of export earnings and the diamond industry for nearly 80%. Important constraints to economic development include the CAR's landlocked position, a poor transportation system, a largely unskilled work force, and a legacy of misdirected macroeconomic policies. A major plus is the large forest reserves, which the government is moving to protect from overexploitation. The 50% devaluation of the currencies of 14 Francophone African nations on 12 January 1994 had mixed effects on the CAR's economy. While diamond, timber, coffee, and cotton exports increased - leading GDP to increase by 5.5% - inflation rose to 45%, fueled by the rising prices of imports on which the economy depends; inflation dropped back rapidly in 1995. The CAR's poor resource base and primitive infrastructure will keep it dependent on multilateral donors and France for the foreseeable future.)
(economy_gdp#central_african_republic#purchasing power parity - $2.5 billion {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_real_growth_rate#central_african_republic#4.1% {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_per_capita#central_african_republic#$800 {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_agriculture#central_african_republic#50%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_industry#central_african_republic#14%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_services#central_african_republic#36% {1993})
(economy_inflation_rate_{consumer_prices}#central_african_republic#45% {1994 est.})
(economy_labor_force#central_african_republic#775,413 {1986 est.})
(economy_labor_force_by_occupation#central_african_republic#agriculture 85%, commerce and services 9%, industry 3%, government 3%)
(economy_labor_force_note#central_african_republic#about 64,000 salaried workers {1985})
(economy_unemployment_rate#central_african_republic#NA%)
(economy_budget_revenues#central_african_republic#$NA)
(economy_budget_expenditures#central_african_republic#$NA, including capital expenditures of $NA)
(economy_industries#central_african_republic#diamond mining, sawmills, breweries, textiles, footwear, assembly of bicycles and motorcycles)
(economy_industrial_production_growth_rate#central_african_republic#NA%)
(economy_electricity_capacity#central_african_republic#40,000 kW)
(economy_electricity_production#central_african_republic#100 million kWh)
(economy_electricity_consumption_per_capita#central_african_republic#29 kWh {1993})
(economy_agriculture#central_african_republic#cotton, coffee, tobacco, manioc {tapioca}, yams, millet, corn, bananas; timber)
(economy_exports#central_african_republic#$154 million {f.o.b., 1994 est.})
(economy_exports_commodities#central_african_republic#diamonds, timber, cotton, coffee, tobacco)
(economy_exports_partners#central_african_republic#France, Belgium, Italy, Japan, US, Spain, Iran)
(economy_imports#central_african_republic#$215 million {f.o.b., 1994 est.})
(economy_imports_commodities#central_african_republic#food, textiles, petroleum products, machinery, electrical equipment, motor vehicles, chemicals, pharmaceuticals, consumer goods, industrial products)
(economy_imports_partners#central_african_republic#France, other EC countries, Japan, Algeria, Cameroon, Namibia)
(economy_external_debt#central_african_republic#$904.3 million {1993 est.})
(economy_economic_aid_recipient#central_african_republic#ODA, $NA)
(economy_currency#central_african_republic#1 Communaute Financiere Africaine franc {CFAF} = 100 centimes)
(economy_exchange_rates#central_african_republic#CFA francs {CFAF} per US$1 - 500.56 {January 1996}, 499.15 {1995}, 555.20 {1994}, 283.16 {1993}, 264.69 {1992}, 282.11 {1991})
(economy_exchange_rates_note#central_african_republic#beginning 12 January 1994, the CFA franc was devalued to CFAF 100 per French franc from CFAF 50 at which it had been fixed since 1948)
(economy_fiscal_year#central_african_republic#calendar year)
(transportation_railways#central_african_republic#0 km)
(transportation_highways_total#central_african_republic#23,738 km)
(transportation_highways_paved#central_african_republic#427 km)
(transportation_highways_unpaved#central_african_republic#23,311 km {1991 est.})
(transportation_waterways#central_african_republic#800 km; traditional trade carried on by means of shallow-draft dugouts; Oubangui is the most important river)
(transportation_ports#central_african_republic#Bangui, Nola)
(transportation_airports_total#central_african_republic#48)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_2,438_to_3,047_m#central_african_republic#1)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_1,524_to_2,437_m#central_african_republic#2)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_under_914_m#central_african_republic#11)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_2,438_to_3,047_m#central_african_republic#1)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_1,524_to_2,437_m#central_african_republic#9)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_914_to_1,523_m#central_african_republic#24 {1995 est.})
(communications_telephones#central_african_republic#16,867 {1992 est.})
(communications_telephone_system#central_african_republic#fair system)
(communications_telephone_system_domestic#central_african_republic#network consists principally of microwave radio relay and low-capacity, low-powered radiotelephone communication)
(communications_telephone_system_international#central_african_republic#satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat {Atlantic Ocean})
(communications_radio_broadcast_stations#central_african_republic#AM 1, FM 1, shortwave 0)
(communications_radios#central_african_republic#NA)
(communications_television_broadcast_stations#central_african_republic#1 {1987 est.})
(communications_televisions#central_african_republic#7,500 {1993 est.})
(defense_branches#central_african_republic#Central African Army {includes Republican Guard}, Air Force, National Gendarmerie, Police Force)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_age_15-49#central_african_republic#737,330)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_fit_for_military_service#central_african_republic#384,134 {1996 est.})
(defense_defense_expenditures#central_african_republic#exchange rate conversion - $30 million, 2.3% of GDP {1994})
(geography_location#chad#Central Africa, south of Libya)
(geography_geographic_coordinates#chad#15 00 N, 19 00 E)
(geography_map_references#chad#Africa)
(geography_area_total_area#chad#1.284 million sq km)
(geography_area_land_area#chad#1,259,200 sq km)
(geography_area_comparative_area#chad#slightly more than three times the size of California)
(geography_land_boundaries_total#chad#5,968 km)
(geography_land_boundaries_border_countries#chad#Cameroon 1,094 km, Central African Republic 1,197 km, Libya 1,055 km, Niger 1,175 km, Nigeria 87 km, Sudan 1,360 km)
(geography_coastline#chad#0 km {landlocked})
(geography_maritime_claims#chad#none {landlocked})
(geography_international_disputes#chad#the International Court of Justice {ICJ} ruled in February 1994 that the 100,000 sq km Aozou Strip between Chad and Libya belongs to Chad and that Libya must withdraw from it by 31 May 1994; Libya has withdrawn some of its forces in response to the ICJ ruling, but still maintains part of the airfield and a small military presence at the airfield's water supply located in Chad; demarcation of international boundaries in vicinity of Lake Chad, the lack of which has led to border incidents in the past, is completed and awaiting ratification by Cameroon, Chad, Niger, and Nigeria)
(geography_climate#chad#tropical in south, desert in north)
(geography_terrain#chad#broad, arid plains in center, desert in north, mountains in northwest, lowlands in south)
(geography_terrain_lowest_point#chad#Djourab Depression 175 m)
(geography_terrain_highest_point#chad#Emi Koussi 3,415 m)
(geography_natural_resources#chad#petroleum {unexploited but exploration under way}, uranium, natron, kaolin, fish {Lake Chad})
(geography_land_use_arable_land#chad#2%)
(geography_land_use_permanent_crops#chad#0%)
(geography_land_use_meadows_and_pastures#chad#36%)
(geography_land_use_forest_and_woodland#chad#11%)
(geography_land_use_other#chad#51%)
(geography_irrigated_land#chad#100 sq km {1989 est.})
(geography_environment_current_issues#chad#inadequate supplies of potable water; improper waste disposal in rural areas contributes to soil and water pollution; desertification)
(geography_environment_natural_hazards#chad#hot, dry, dusty harmattan winds occur in north; periodic droughts; locust plagues)
(geography_environment_international_agreements#chad#party to - Biodiversity, Climate Change, Endangered Species, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands; signed, but not ratified - Desertification, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping)
(geography_geographic_note#chad#landlocked; Lake Chad is the most significant water body in the Sahel)
(people_population#chad#6,976,845 {July 1996 est.})
(people_age_structure_0-14_years#chad#44% {male 1,543,688; female 1,535,729})
(people_age_structure_15-64_years#chad#53% {male 1,807,361; female 1,881,930})
(people_age_structure_65_years_and_over#chad#3% {male 91,998; female 116,139} {July 1996 est.})
(people_population_growth_rate#chad#2.68% {1996 est.})
(people_birth_rate#chad#44.25 births/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_death_rate#chad#17.44 deaths/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_net_migration_rate#chad#0 migrant{s}/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_sex_ratio_at_birth#chad#1.04 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_under_15_years#chad#1 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_15-64_years#chad#0.96 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_65_years_and_over#chad#0.79 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_all_ages#chad#0.97 male{s}/female {1996 est.})
(people_infant_mortality_rate#chad#120.4 deaths/1,000 live births {1996 est.})
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_total_population#chad#47.55 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_male#chad#45.18 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_female#chad#50.01 years {1996 est.})
(people_total_fertility_rate#chad#5.84 children born/woman {1996 est.})
(people_nationality_noun#chad#Chadian{s})
(people_nationality_adjective#chad#Chadian)
(people_ethnic_divisions_north_and_center#chad#Muslims {Arabs, Toubou, Hadjerai, Fulbe, Kotoko, Kanembou, Baguirmi, Boulala, Zaghawa, and Maba})
(people_ethnic_divisions_south#chad#non-Muslims {Sara, Ngambaye, Mbaye, Goulaye, Moundang, Moussei, Massa} nonindigenous 150,000, of whom 1,000 are French)
(people_religions#chad#Muslim 50%, Christian 25%, indigenous beliefs {mostly animism} 25%)
(people_languages#chad#French {official}, Arabic {official}, Sara and Sango {in south}, more than 100 different languages and dialects)
(people_literacy#chad#age 15 and over can read and write in French or Arabic {1995 est.})
(people_literacy_total_population#chad#48.1%)
(people_literacy_male#chad#62.1%)
(people_literacy_female#chad#34.7%)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_long_form#chad#Republic of Chad)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_short_form#chad#Chad)
(government_name_of_country_local_long_form#chad#Republique du Tchad)
(government_name_of_country_local_short_form#chad#Tchad)
(government_data_code#chad#CD)
(government_type_of_government#chad#republic)
(government_capital#chad#N'Djamena)
(government_administrative_divisions#chad#14 prefectures {prefectures, singular - prefecture}; Batha, Biltine, Borkou-Ennedi-Tibesti, Chari-Baguirmi, Guera, Kanem, Lac, Logone Occidental, Logone Oriental, Mayo-Kebbi, Moyen-Chari, Ouaddai, Salamat, Tandjile)
(government_independence#chad#11 August 1960 {from France})
(government_national_holiday#chad#Independence Day, 11 August {1960})
(government_constitution#chad#31 March 1995, passed by referendum)
(government_legal_system#chad#based on French civil law system and Chadian customary law; does not accept compulsory ICJ jurisdiction)
(government_suffrage#chad#NA years of age; universal)
(government_executive_branch_chief_of_state#chad#President Lt. Gen. Idriss DEBY {since 4 December 1990, after seizing power on 3 December 1990}; note - transitional government's mandate was scheduled to expire in May 1996; the first round of presidential elections was scheduled for 2 June 1996, with a runoff on 23 June if necessary)
(government_executive_branch_head_of_government#chad#Prime Minister Djimasta KOIBLA {since 9 April 1995} elected by the Sovereign National Conference)
(government_executive_branch_cabinet#chad#Council of State appointed by the president on recommendation of the prime minister)
(government_legislative_branch#chad#unicameral)
(government_higher_transitional_council_{conseil_superieur_de_transition}#chad#popular elections to the former National Consultative Council {Conceil National Consultatif} were last held 8 July 1990; this body was disbanded on 3 December 1990 by President DEBY and on 8 March 1991 replaced with the Provisional Council of the Republic having 30 members whom he appointed; this body, in turn, was replaced on 6 April 1993 by a 57-member Higher Transitional Council {Conseil Superieur de Transition} elected by a specially convened Sovereign National Conference; popular elections, formerly scheduled for April 1995, were initially postponed by mutual agreement of the parties concerned until at least May 1996 and subsequently postponed until after the rainy season {as late as October 1996}; note - the name of the anticipated new legislative body has not been announced)
(government_judicial_branch#chad#Court of Appeal)
(government_political_parties_and_leaders#chad#Patriotic Salvation Movement {MPS}, former dissident group, Idriss DEBY, chairman)
(government_political_parties_and_leaders_note#chad#President DEBY, who promised political pluralism, a new constitution, and free elections by April 1994, subsequently twice postponed these initiatives; there are numerous dissident groups and at least 45 opposition political parties)
(government_other_political_or_pressure_groups#chad#NA)
(government_international_organization_participation#chad#ACCT, ACP, AfDB, BDEAC, CEEAC, ECA, FAO, FZ, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, ITU, NAM, OAU, OIC, UDEAC, UN, UNAMIR, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCL, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_chief_of_mission#chad#Ambassador Mahamat Saleh AHMAT)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_chancery#chad#2002 R Street NW, Washington, DC 20009)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_telephone#chad#[1] {202} 462-4009)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_fax#chad#[1] {202} 265-1937)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_chief_of_mission#chad#Ambassador Laurence E. POPE II)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_embassy#chad#Avenue Felix Eboue, N'Djamena)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_mailing_address#chad#B. P. 413, N'Djamena)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_telephone#chad#[235] {51} 70-09, {51} 90-52, {51} 92-33)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_fax#chad#[235] {51} 56-54)
(government_flag#chad#three equal vertical bands of blue {hoist side}, yellow, and red; similar to the flag of Romania; also similar to the flag of Andorra, which has a national coat of arms featuring a quartered shield centered in the yellow band; design was based on the flag of France)
(economy_economic_overview#chad#Climate, geographic remoteness, poor resource endowment, and lack of infrastructure make Chad one of the most underdeveloped countries in the world. Its economy is hobbled by political turmoil, drought, and food shortages. Consequently the economy has shown little progress in recent years in overcoming a severe setback brought on by civil war in the late 1980s. More than 80% of the work force is involved in subsistence farming and fishing. Cotton is the major cash crop, accounting for at least half of exports. Chad is highly dependent on foreign aid, especially food credits, given chronic shortages in several regions. Of all the Francophone countries in Africa, Chad has benefited the least from the 50% devaluation of their currencies on 12 January 1994. Despite an increase in external financial aid and favorable price increases for cotton - the primary source of foreign exchange - the corrupt and enfeebled government bureaucracy continues to postpone payment of public sector salaries and to dampen economic enterprise by neglecting payments to domestic suppliers. The devaluation resulted in stepped-up inflation of 41% in 1994; in contrast to other Francophone countries, Chad continued to suffer high inflation in 1995 because of the government's lack of financial discipline. Oil production in the Lake Chad area remains a distant prospect and the subsistence-driven economy probably will continue to limp along in the near term.)
(economy_gdp#chad#purchasing power parity - $3.3 billion {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_real_growth_rate#chad#4% {1994 est.})
(economy_gdp_per_capita#chad#$600 {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_agriculture#chad#49%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_industry#chad#17%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_services#chad#34%)
(economy_inflation_rate_{consumer_prices}#chad#41% {1994 est.})
(economy_labor_force#chad#NA)
(economy_labor_force_by_occupation#chad#agriculture 85% {subsistence farming, herding, and fishing})
(economy_unemployment_rate#chad#NA%)
(economy_budget_revenues#chad#$120 million)
(economy_budget_expenditures#chad#$363 million, including capital expenditures of $104 million {1992 est.})
(economy_industries#chad#cotton textiles, meat packing, beer brewing, natron {sodium carbonate}, soap, cigarettes, construction materials)
(economy_industrial_production_growth_rate#chad#NA%)
(economy_electricity_capacity#chad#40,000 kW)
(economy_electricity_production#chad#80 million kWh)
(economy_electricity_consumption_per_capita#chad#13 kWh {1993})
(economy_agriculture#chad#cotton, sorghum, millet, peanuts, rice, potatoes, manioc {tapioca}; cattle, sheep, goats, camels)
(economy_exports#chad#$132 million {f.o.b., 1993})
(economy_exports_commodities#chad#cotton, cattle, textiles, fish)
(economy_exports_partners#chad#France, Nigeria, Cameroon, Zaire, Sudan, Central African Republic)
(economy_imports#chad#$201 million {f.o.b., 1993})
(economy_imports_commodities#chad#machinery and transportation equipment 39%, industrial goods 20%, petroleum products 13%, foodstuffs 9%; textiles; note - excludes military equipment)
(economy_imports_partners#chad#US, France, Nigeria, Cameroon, Italy, Germany)
(economy_external_debt#chad#$757 million {December 1993 })
(economy_economic_aid_recipient#chad#ODA, $NA)
(economy_currency#chad#1 Communaute Financiere Africaine franc {CFAF} = 100 centimes)
(economy_exchange_rates#chad#CFA Francs {CFAF} per US$1 - 500.56 {January 1996}, 499.15 {1995}, 555.20 {1994}, 283.16 {1993}, 264.69 {1992}, 282.11 {1991})
(economy_exchange_rates_note#chad#beginning 12 January 1994 the CFA franc was devalued to CFAF 100 per French franc from CFAF 50 at which it had been fixed since 1948)
(economy_fiscal_year#chad#calendar year)
(transportation_railways#chad#0 km)
(transportation_highways_total#chad#31,141 km)
(transportation_highways_paved#chad#32 km)
(transportation_highways_unpaved#chad#31,109 km {1987 est.})
(transportation_waterways#chad#2,000 km navigable)
(transportation_ports#chad#none)
(transportation_airports_total#chad#47)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_2,438_to_3,047_m#chad#3)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_1,524_to_2,437_m#chad#1)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_under_914_m#chad#11)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_over_3,047_m#chad#1)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_1,524_to_2,437_m#chad#13)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_914_to_1,523_m#chad#18 {1995 est.})
(communications_telephones#chad#5,000 {1987 est.})
(communications_telephone_system#chad#primitive system)
(communications_telephone_system_domestic#chad#fair system of radiotelephone communication stations)
(communications_telephone_system_international#chad#satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat {Atlantic Ocean})
(communications_radio_broadcast_stations#chad#AM 6, FM 1, shortwave 0)
(communications_radios#chad#NA)
(communications_television_broadcast_stations#chad#1 {1987 est.})
(communications_television_broadcast_stations_note#chad#limited TV service; many facilities are inoperative)
(communications_televisions#chad#7,000 {1991 est.})
(defense_branches#chad#Armed Forces {includes Ground Force, Air Force, and Gendarmerie}, Republican Guard, Police)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_age_15-49#chad#1,562,052)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_fit_for_military_service#chad#809,210)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_reach_military_age_{20}_annually#chad#63,254 {1996 est.})
(defense_defense_expenditures#chad#exchange rate conversion - $74 million, 11.1% of GDP {1994})
(geography_location#chile#Southern South America, bordering the South Atlantic Ocean and South Pacific Ocean, between Argentina and Peru)
(geography_geographic_coordinates#chile#30 00 S, 71 00 W)
(geography_map_references#chile#South America)
(geography_area_total_area#chile#756,950 sq km)
(geography_area_land_area#chile#748,800 sq km)
(geography_area_comparative_area#chile#slightly smaller than twice the size of Montana)
(geography_area_note#chile#includes Isla de Pascua {Easter Island} and Isla Sala y Gomez)
(geography_land_boundaries_total#chile#6,171 km)
(geography_land_boundaries_border_countries#chile#Argentina 5,150 km, Bolivia 861 km, Peru 160 km)
(geography_coastline#chile#6,435 km)
(geography_maritime_claims_contiguous_zone#chile#24 nm)
(geography_maritime_claims_continental_shelf#chile#200 nm)
(geography_maritime_claims_exclusive_economic_zone#chile#200 nm)
(geography_maritime_claims_territorial_sea#chile#12 nm)
(geography_international_disputes#chile#short section of the southern boundary with Argentina is indefinite; Bolivia has wanted a sovereign corridor to the South Pacific Ocean since the Atacama area was lost to Chile in 1884; dispute with Bolivia over Rio Lauca water rights; territorial claim in Antarctica {Chilean Antarctic Territory} partially overlaps Argentine and British claims)
(geography_climate#chile#temperate; desert in north; cool and damp in south)
(geography_terrain#chile#low coastal mountains; fertile central valley; rugged Andes in east)
(geography_terrain_lowest_point#chile#Pacific Ocean 0 m)
(geography_terrain_highest_point#chile#Cerro Aconcagua 6,962 m)
(geography_natural_resources#chile#copper, timber, iron ore, nitrates, precious metals, molybdenum)
(geography_land_use_arable_land#chile#7%)
(geography_land_use_permanent_crops#chile#0%)
(geography_land_use_meadows_and_pastures#chile#16%)
(geography_land_use_forest_and_woodland#chile#21%)
(geography_land_use_other#chile#56%)
(geography_irrigated_land#chile#12,650 sq km {1989 est.})
(geography_environment_current_issues#chile#air pollution from industrial and vehicle emissions; water pollution from raw sewage; deforestation contributing to loss of biodiversity; soil erosion; desertification)
(geography_environment_natural_hazards#chile#severe earthquakes; active volcanism; tsunamis)
(geography_environment_international_agreements#chile#party to - Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Marine Dumping, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands; signed, but not ratified - Desertification, Law of the Sea)
(geography_geographic_note#chile#strategic location relative to sea lanes between Atlantic and Pacific Oceans {Strait of Magellan, Beagle Channel, Drake Passage}; Atacama Desert is one of world's driest regions)
(people_population#chile#14,333,258 {July 1996 est.})
(people_age_structure_0-14_years#chile#29% {male 2,071,816; female 2,041,417})
(people_age_structure_15-64_years#chile#65% {male 4,599,173; female 4,651,030})
(people_age_structure_65_years_and_over#chile#6% {male 403,019; female 566,803} {July 1996 est.})
(people_population_growth_rate#chile#1.24% {1996 est.})
(people_birth_rate#chile#18.09 births/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_death_rate#chile#5.68 deaths/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_net_migration_rate#chile#0 migrant{s}/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_sex_ratio_at_birth#chile#1 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_under_15_years#chile#1.02 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_15-64_years#chile#0.99 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_65_years_and_over#chile#0.71 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_all_ages#chile#0.97 male{s}/female {1996 est.})
(people_infant_mortality_rate#chile#13.6 deaths/1,000 live births {1996 est.})
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_total_population#chile#74.49 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_male#chile#71.26 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_female#chile#77.72 years {1996 est.})
(people_total_fertility_rate#chile#2.23 children born/woman {1996 est.})
(people_nationality_noun#chile#Chilean{s})
(people_nationality_adjective#chile#Chilean)
(people_ethnic_divisions#chile#European and European-Indian 95%, Indian 3%, other 2%)
(people_religions#chile#Roman Catholic 89%, Protestant 11%, Jewish)
(people_languages#chile#Spanish)
(people_literacy#chile#age 15 and over can read and write {1995 est.})
(people_literacy_total_population#chile#95.2%)
(people_literacy_male#chile#95.4%)
(people_literacy_female#chile#95%)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_long_form#chile#Republic of Chile)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_short_form#chile#Chile)
(government_name_of_country_local_long_form#chile#Republica de Chile)
(government_name_of_country_local_short_form#chile#Chile)
(government_data_code#chile#CI)
(government_type_of_government#chile#republic)
(government_capital#chile#Santiago)
(government_administrative_divisions#chile#13 regions {regiones, singular - region}; Aisen del General Carlos Ibanez del Campo, Antofagasta, Araucania, Atacama, Bio-Bio, Coquimbo, Libertador General Bernardo O'Higgins, Los Lagos, Magallanes y de la Antartica Chilena, Maule, Region Metropolitana, Tarapaca, Valparaiso)
(government_administrative_divisions_note#chile#the US does not recognize claims to Antarctica)
(government_independence#chile#18 September 1810 {from Spain})
(government_national_holiday#chile#Independence Day, 18 September {1810})
(government_constitution#chile#11 September 1980, effective 11 March 1981; amended 30 July 1989)
(government_legal_system#chile#based on Code of 1857 derived from Spanish law and subsequent codes influenced by French and Austrian law; judicial review of legislative acts in the Supreme Court; does not accept compulsory ICJ jurisdiction)
(government_suffrage#chile#18 years of age; universal and compulsory)
(government_executive_branch_chief_of_state_and_head_of_government#chile#President Eduardo FREI Ruiz-Tagle {since 11 March 1994} elected for a four-year term by popular vote; election last held 11 December 1993 {next to be held NA December 1997}; results - Eduardo FREI Ruiz-Tagle {PDC} 58%, Arturo ALESSANDRI 24.4%, other 17.6%)
(government_executive_branch_cabinet#chile#Cabinet appointed by the president)
(government_legislative_branch#chile#bicameral National Congress {Congreso Nacional})
(government_senate_{senado}#chile#election last held 11 December 1993 {next to be held NA December 1997}; results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - {46 total, 38 elected} Coalition of Parties for Democracy 21 {PDC 13, PS 4, PPD 3, PR 1}, Union for the Progress of Chile 15 {RN 11, UDI 3, UCC 1}, right-wing independents 10)
(government_chamber_of_deputies_{camara_de_diputados}#chile#election last held 11 December 1993 {next to be held NA December 1997}; results - Coalition of Parties for Democracy 53.95% {PDC 27.16%, PS 12.01%, PPD 11.82%, PR 2.96%}, Union for the Progress of Chile 30.57% {RN 15.25%, UDI 12.13%, UCC 3.19%}; seats - {120 total} Coalition of Parties for Democracy 70 {PDC 37, PPD 15, PR 2, PS 15, left-wing independent 1}, Union for the Progress of Chile 47 {RN 30, UDI 15, UCC 2}, right-wing independents 3)
(government_judicial_branch#chile#Supreme Court {Corte Suprema}, judges are appointed by the president, the president of the Supreme Court is elected by the 17-member court)
(government_political_parties_and_leaders#chile#Coalition of Parties for Democracy {CPD} consists mainly of: Christian Democratic Party {PDC}, Alejandro FOXLEY; Socialist Party {PS}, Camilo ESCALONA; Party for Democracy {PPD}, Jorge SCHAULSOHN, Radical Party {PR}; Union for the Progress of Chile {UPP} consists mainly of three parties: National Renewal {RN}, Andres ALLAMAND; Independent Democratic Union {UDI}, Jovino NOVOA; Center Center Union {UCCP}, Francisco Javier ERRAZURIZ)
(government_other_political_or_pressure_groups#chile#revitalized university student federations at all major universities; labor - United Labor Central {CUT} includes trade unionists from the country's five largest labor confederations; Roman Catholic Church)
(government_international_organization_participation#chile#APEC, CCC, ECLAC, FAO, G-11, G-77, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Inmarsat, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, LAES, LAIA, Mercosur {associate member}, NAM, OAS, OPANAL, PCA, RG, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNMOGIP, UNTSO, UNU, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_chief_of_mission#chile#Ambassador John BIEHL del Rio)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_chancery#chile#1732 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20036)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_telephone#chile#[1] {202} 785-1746)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_fax#chile#[1] {202} 887-5579)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_consulate{s}_general#chile#Chicago, Houston, Los Angeles, Miami, New York, Philadelphia, San Francisco, and San Juan {Puerto Rico})
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_chief_of_mission#chile#Ambassador Gabriel GUERRA-MONDRAGON)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_embassy#chile#Avenida Andres Bello 2800, Santiago)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_mailing_address#chile#use street address)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_telephone#chile#[56] {2} 232-2600)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_fax#chile#[56] {2} 330-3710)
(government_flag#chile#two equal horizontal bands of white {top} and red; there is a blue square the same height as the white band at the hoist-side end of the white band; the square bears a white five-pointed star in the center; design was based on the US flag)
(economy_economic_overview#chile#Chile has a prosperous, essentially free market economy, with the degree of government intervention varying according to the philosophy of the different regimes. Under the center-left government of President AYLWIN, which took power in March 1990, spending on social welfare rose steadily. At the same time business investment, exports, and consumer spending also grew substantially. The new president, FREI, who took office in March 1994, has emphasized social spending even more. Growth in real GDP in 1991-95 has averaged more than 6.5% annually, with an estimated one million Chileans having moved out of poverty in the last four years. Copper remains vital to the health of the economy; Chile is the world's largest producer and exporter of copper. Success in meeting the government's goal of sustained annual economic growth of 5% depends on world copper prices, the level of confidence of foreign investors and creditors, and the government's own ability to maintain a conservative fiscal stance.)
(economy_gdp#chile#purchasing power parity - $113.2 billion {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_real_growth_rate#chile#8.5% {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_per_capita#chile#$8,000 {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_agriculture#chile#7.4%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_industry#chile#36.4%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_services#chile#56.2% {1985})
(economy_inflation_rate_{consumer_prices}#chile#8.1% {1995 est.})
(economy_labor_force#chile#4.728 million)
(economy_labor_force_by_occupation#chile#services 38.3% {includes government 12%}, industry and commerce 33.8%, agriculture, forestry, and fishing 19.2%, mining 2.3%, construction 6.4% {1990})
(economy_unemployment_rate#chile#5.4% {1995 est.})
(economy_budget_revenues#chile#$17 billion)
(economy_budget_expenditures#chile#$17 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA {1996 est.})
(economy_industries#chile#copper, other minerals, foodstuffs, fish processing, iron and steel, wood and wood products, transport equipment, cement, textiles)
(economy_industrial_production_growth_rate#chile#4.3% {1993 est.})
(economy_electricity_capacity#chile#4,810,000 kW)
(economy_electricity_production#chile#22 billion kWh)
(economy_electricity_consumption_per_capita#chile#1,499 kWh {1993})
(economy_agriculture#chile#wheat, corn, grapes, beans, sugar beets, potatoes, fruit; beef, poultry, wool; timber; 1991 fish catch of 6.6 million metric tons)
(economy_illicit_drugs#chile#a minor transshipment country for cocaine destined for the US and Europe; booming economy has made it more attractive to traffickers seeking to launder drug profits)
(economy_exports#chile#$15.9 billion {f.o.b., 1995 est.})
(economy_exports_commodities#chile#copper 41%, other metals and minerals 8.7%, wood products 7.1%, fish and fishmeal 9.8%, fruits 8.4% {1991})
(economy_exports_partners#chile#EU 25%, US 15%, Asia 34%, Latin America 20% {1995 est.})
(economy_imports#chile#$14.3 billion {f.o.b., 1995 est.})
(economy_imports_commodities#chile#capital goods 25.2%, spare parts 24.8%, raw materials 15.4%, petroleum 10%, foodstuffs 5.7%)
(economy_imports_partners#chile#EU 18%, US 25%, Asia 16%, Latin America 26% {1995 est.})
(economy_external_debt#chile#$21.1 billion {1995 est.})
(economy_economic_aid_recipient#chile#ODA, $62 million {1993})
(economy_currency#chile#1 Chilean peso {Ch$} = 100 centavos)
(economy_exchange_rates#chile#Chilean pesos {Ch$} per US$1 - 408.64 {December 1995}, 396.78 {1995}, 420.08 {1994}, 404.35 {1993}, 362.59 {1992}, 349.37 {1991})
(economy_fiscal_year#chile#calendar year)
(transportation_railways_total#chile#6,782 km)
(transportation_railways_broad_gauge#chile#3,743 km 1.676-m gauge {1,653 km electrified})
(transportation_railways_narrow_gauge#chile#116 km 1.067-m gauge; 2,923 km 1.000-m gauge {40 km electrified} {1995})
(transportation_highways_total#chile#79,593 km)
(transportation_highways_paved#chile#10,984 km)
(transportation_highways_unpaved#chile#68,609 km {1991 est.})
(transportation_waterways#chile#725 km)
(transportation_pipelines#chile#crude oil 755 km; petroleum products 785 km; natural gas 320 km)
(transportation_ports#chile#Antofagasta, Arica, Chanarol, Coquimbo, Iquique, Puerto Montt, Punta Arenas, San Antonio, San Vicente, Talcahuano, Valparaiso)
(transportation_merchant_marine_total#chile#37 ships {1,000 GRT or over} totaling 529,512 GRT/925,364 DWT)
(transportation_merchant_marine_ships_by_type#chile#bulk 11, cargo 8, chemical tanker 4, combination ore/oil 2, container 1, liquefied gas tanker 2, oil tanker 4, roll-on/roll-off cargo 3, vehicle carrier 2 {1995 est.})
(transportation_airports_total#chile#344)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_over_3,047_m#chile#5)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_2,438_to_3,047_m#chile#5)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_1,524_to_2,437_m#chile#17)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_914_to_1,523_m#chile#16)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_under_914_m#chile#220)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_2,438_to_3,047_m#chile#3)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_1,524_to_2,437_m#chile#10)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_914_to_1,523_m#chile#68 {1995 est.})
(communications_telephones#chile#1.5 million {1994 est.})
(communications_telephone_system#chile#modern system based on extensive microwave radio relay facilities)
(communications_telephone_system_domestic#chile#extensive microwave radio relay links; domestic satellite system with 3 earth stations)
(communications_telephone_system_international#chile#satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat {Atlantic Ocean})
(communications_radio_broadcast_stations#chile#AM 159, FM 0, shortwave 11)
(communications_radios#chile#NA)
(communications_television_broadcast_stations#chile#131)
(communications_televisions#chile#2.85 million {1992 est.})
(defense_branches#chile#Army of the Nation, National Navy {includes Naval Air, Coast Guard, and Marines}, Air Force of the Nation, Carabineros of Chile {National Police}, Investigations Police)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_age_15-49#chile#3,808,655)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_fit_for_military_service#chile#2,832,198)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_reach_military_age_{19}_annually#chile#123,443 {1996 est.})
(defense_defense_expenditures#chile#exchange rate conversion - $970 million, 2.0% of GDP {1994 est.})
(header_affiliation#china#{also see separate Taiwan entry})
(geography_location#china#Eastern Asia, bordering the East China Sea, Korea Bay, Yellow Sea, and South China Sea, between North Korea and Vietnam)
(geography_geographic_coordinates#china#35 00 N, 105 00 E)
(geography_map_references#china#Asia)
(geography_area_total_area#china#9,596,960 sq km)
(geography_area_land_area#china#9,326,410 sq km)
(geography_area_comparative_area#china#slightly larger than the US)
(geography_land_boundaries_total#china#22,143.34 km)
(geography_land_boundaries_border_countries#china#Afghanistan 76 km, Bhutan 470 km, Burma 2,185 km, Hong Kong 30 km, India 3,380 km, Kazakstan 1,533 km, North Korea 1,416 km, Kyrgyzstan 858 km, Laos 423 km, Macau 0.34 km, Mongolia 4,673 km, Nepal 1,236 km, Pakistan 523 km, Russia {northeast} 3,605 km, Russia {northwest} 40 km, Tajikistan 414 km, Vietnam 1,281 km)
(geography_coastline#china#14,500 km)
(geography_maritime_claims_continental_shelf#china#claim to shallow areas of East China Sea and Yellow Sea)
(geography_maritime_claims_territorial_sea#china#12 nm)
(geography_international_disputes#china#boundary with India in dispute; disputed sections of the boundary with Russia remain to be settled; boundary with Tajikistan in dispute; short section of the boundary with North Korea is indefinite; involved in a complex dispute over the Spratly Islands with Malaysia, Philippines, Taiwan, Vietnam, and possibly Brunei; maritime boundary dispute with Vietnam in the Gulf of Tonkin; Paracel Islands occupied by China, but claimed by Vietnam and Taiwan; claims Japanese-administered Senkaku-shoto {Senkaku Islands/Diaoyu Tai}, as does Taiwan)
(geography_climate#china#extremely diverse; tropical in south to subarctic in north)
(geography_terrain#china#mostly mountains, high plateaus, deserts in west; plains, deltas, and hills in east)
(geography_terrain_lowest_point#china#Turpan Pendi -154 m)
(geography_terrain_highest_point#china#Mount Everest 8,848 m)
(geography_natural_resources#china#coal, iron ore, petroleum, mercury, tin, tungsten, antimony, manganese, molybdenum, vanadium, magnetite, aluminum, lead, zinc, uranium, hydropower potential {world's largest})
(geography_land_use_arable_land#china#10%)
(geography_land_use_permanent_crops#china#0%)
(geography_land_use_meadows_and_pastures#china#31%)
(geography_land_use_forest_and_woodland#china#14%)
(geography_land_use_other#china#45%)
(geography_irrigated_land#china#478,220 sq km {1991})
(geography_environment_current_issues#china#air pollution from the overwhelming use of high-sulfur coal as a fuel, produces acid rain which is damaging forests; water shortages experienced throughout the country, particularly in urban areas; future growth in water usage threatens to outpace supplies; water pollution from industrial effluents; much of the population does not have access to potable water; less than 10% of sewage receives treatment; deforestation; estimated loss of one-fifth of agricultural land since 1957 to soil erosion and economic development; desertification; trade in endangered species)
(geography_environment_natural_hazards#china#frequent typhoons {about five per year along southern and eastern coasts}; damaging floods; tsunamis; earthquakes; droughts)
(geography_environment_international_agreements#china#party to - Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Marine Dumping, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Wetlands; signed, but not ratified - Desertification, Law of the Sea)
(geography_geographic_note#china#world's third-largest country {after Russia and Canada})
(people_population#china#1,210,004,956 {July 1996 est.})
(people_age_structure_0-14_years#china#26% {male 167,448,148; female 151,601,650})
(people_age_structure_15-64_years#china#67% {male 421,455,418; female 393,913,510})
(people_age_structure_65_years_and_over#china#7% {male 35,056,409; female 40,529,821} {July 1996 est.})
(people_population_growth_rate#china#0.98% {1996 est.})
(people_birth_rate#china#17.01 births/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_death_rate#china#6.92 deaths/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_net_migration_rate#china#-0.34 migrant{s}/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_sex_ratio_at_birth#china#1.11 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_under_15_years#china#1.1 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_15-64_years#china#1.07 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_65_years_and_over#china#0.86 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_all_ages#china#1.06 male{s}/female {1996 est.})
(people_infant_mortality_rate#china#39.6 deaths/1,000 live births {1996 est.})
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_total_population#china#69.62 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_male#china#68.33 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_female#china#71.06 years {1996 est.})
(people_total_fertility_rate#china#1.81 children born/woman {1996 est.})
(people_nationality_noun#china#Chinese {singular and plural})
(people_nationality_adjective#china#Chinese)
(people_ethnic_divisions#china#Han Chinese 91.9%, Zhuang, Uygur, Hui, Yi, Tibetan, Miao, Manchu, Mongol, Buyi, Korean, and other nationalities 8.1%)
(people_religions#china#Daoism {Taoism}, Buddhism, Muslim 2%-3%, Christian 1% {est.})
(people_religions_note#china#officially atheist, but traditionally pragmatic and eclectic)
(people_languages#china#Standard Chinese or Mandarin {Putonghua, based on the Beijing dialect}, Yue {Cantonese}, Wu {Shanghaiese}, Minbei {Fuzhou}, Minnan {Hokkien-Taiwanese}, Xiang, Gan, Hakka dialects, minority languages {see Ethnic divisions entry})
(people_literacy#china#age 15 and over can read and write {1995 est.})
(people_literacy_total_population#china#81.5%)
(people_literacy_male#china#89.9%)
(people_literacy_female#china#72.7%)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_long_form#china#People's Republic of China)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_short_form#china#China)
(government_name_of_country_local_long_form#china#Zhonghua Renmin Gongheguo)
(government_name_of_country_local_short_form#china#Zhong Guo)
(government_name_of_country_abbreviation#china#PRC)
(government_data_code#china#CH)
(government_type_of_government#china#Communist state)
(government_capital#china#Beijing)
(government_administrative_divisions#china#23 provinces {sheng, singular and plural}, 5 autonomous regions* {zizhiqu, singular and plural}, and 3 municipalities** {shi, singular and plural}; Anhui, Beijing**, Fujian, Gansu, Guangdong, Guangxi*, Guizhou, Hainan, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Mongol*, Ningxia*, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanghai**, Shanxi, Sichuan, Tianjin**, Xinjiang*, Xizang* {Tibet}, Yunnan, Zhejiang)
(government_administrative_divisions_note#china#China considers Taiwan its 23rd province)
(government_independence#china#221 BC {unification under the Qin or Ch'in Dynasty 221 BC; Qing or Ch'ing Dynasty replaced by the Republic on 12 February 1912; People's Republic established 1 October 1949})
(government_national_holiday#china#National Day, 1 October {1949})
(government_constitution#china#most recent promulgated 4 December 1982)
(government_legal_system#china#a complex amalgam of custom and statute, largely criminal law; rudimentary civil code in effect since 1 January 1987; new legal codes in effect since 1 January 1980; continuing efforts are being made to improve civil, administrative, criminal, and commercial law)
(government_suffrage#china#18 years of age; universal)
(government_executive_branch_chief_of_state#china#President JIANG Zemin {since 27 March 1993} and Vice President RONG Yiren {since 27 March 1993} elected by the National People's Congress; election last held 27 March 1993 {next to be held NA 1998}; results - JIANG Zemin was nominally elected by the Eighth National People's Congress)
(government_executive_branch_head_of_government#china#Premier LI Peng {Acting Premier since 24 November 1987, Premier since 9 April 1988} nominated by the president, decided by the National People's Congress; Vice Premiers ZHU Rongji {since 8 April 1991}, ZOU Jiahua {since 8 April 1991}, QIAN Qichen {since 29 March 1993}, LI Lanqing {29 March 1993}, WU Bangguo {since 17 March 1995}, and JIANG Chunyun {since 17 March 1995} nominated by the president, decided by the National People's Congress)
(government_executive_branch_cabinet#china#State Council appointed by the National People's Congress {NPC})
(government_legislative_branch#china#unicameral)
(government_national_people's_congress_{quanguo_renmin_daibiao_dahui}#china#elections last held NA March 1993 {next to be held NA March 1998}; results - CCP is the only party but there are also independents; seats - {2,977 total} {elected at county or xian level})
(government_judicial_branch#china#Supreme People's Court, judges appointed by the National People's Congress)
(government_political_parties_and_leaders#china#Chinese Communist Party {CCP}, JIANG Zemin, general secretary of the Central Committee; eight registered small parties controlled by CCP)
(government_other_political_or_pressure_groups#china#such meaningful opposition as exists consists of loose coalitions, usually within the party and government organization, that vary by issue)
(government_international_organization_participation#china#AfDB, APEC, AsDB, CCC, ESCAP, FAO, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, ISO, ITU, LAIA {observer}, Mekong Group, MINURSO, NAM {observer}, PCA, UN, UN Security Council, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIKOM, UNITAR, UNOMIL, UNTSO, UNU, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO {applicant})
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_chief_of_mission#china#Ambassador LI Daoyu)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_chancery#china#2300 Connecticut Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_telephone#china#[1] {202} 328-2500 through 2502)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_consulate{s}_general#china#Chicago, Houston, Los Angeles, New York, and San Francisco)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_chief_of_mission#china#Ambassador James R. SASSER)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_embassy#china#Xiu Shui Bei Jie 3, 100600 Beijing)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_mailing_address#china#PSC 461, Box 50, FPO AP 96521-0002)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_telephone#china#[86] {10} 5323831)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_fax#china#[86] {10} 5326422)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_consulate{s}_general#china#Chengdu, Guangzhou, Shanghai, Shenyang)
(government_flag#china#red with a large yellow five-pointed star and four smaller yellow five-pointed stars {arranged in a vertical arc toward the middle of the flag} in the upper hoist-side corner)
(economy_economic_overview#china#Beginning in late 1978 the Chinese leadership has been trying to move the economy from a sluggish Soviet-style centrally planned economy to one that is more market-oriented, but still within a rigid political framework of Communist Party control. To this end the authorities switched to a system of household responsibility in agriculture in place of the old collectivization, increased the authority of local officials and plant managers in industry, permitted a wide variety of small-scale enterprise in services and light manufacturing, and opened the economy to increased foreign trade and investment. The result has been a strong surge in production. Agricultural output doubled in the 1980s, and industry also posted major gains, especially in coastal areas near Hong Kong and opposite Taiwan, where foreign investment and modern production methods helped spur output of both domestic and export goods. GDP has more than tripled since 1978. On the darker side, the leadership has often experienced in its hybrid system the worst results of socialism {bureaucracy, lassitude, corruption} and of capitalism {windfall gains and stepped-up inflation}. Beijing thus has periodically backtracked, retightening central controls at intervals. In 1992-95 annual growth of GDP accelerated, particularly in the coastal areas - averaging more than 10% annually according to official figures. In late 1993 China's leadership approved additional long-term reforms aimed at giving still more play to market-oriented institutions and at strengthening the center's control over the financial system; state enterprises would continue to dominate many key industries in what was now termed "a socialist market economy." In 1995 inflation dropped sharply, reflecting tighter monetary policies and stronger measures to control food prices. At the same time, the government struggled to {a} collect revenues due from provinces, businesses, and individuals; {b} reduce extortion and other economic crimes; and {c} keep afloat the large state-owned enterprises, most of which had not participated in the vigorous expansion of the economy. From 60 to 100 million surplus rural workers are adrift between the villages and the cities, many subsisting through part-time low-pay jobs. Popular resistance, changes in central policy, and loss of authority by rural cadres have weakened China's population control program, which is essential to the nation's long-term economic viability. One of the most dangerous long-term threats to continued rapid economic growth is the deterioration in the environment, notably air pollution, soil erosion, and the steady fall of the water table especially in the north. The amount of arable land continues to decline because of erosion and economic development, the cumulative loss since the Communist takeover in 1949 being more than 15%. The next few years will witness increasing tensions between a highly centralized political system and an increasingly decentralized economic system.)
(economy_gdp#china#purchasing power parity - $3.5 trillion {1995 estimate as extrapolated from World Bank estimate with use of official Chinese growth figures for 1993-95; the result may overstate China's GDP by as much as 25%})
(economy_gdp_real_growth_rate#china#10.3% {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_per_capita#china#$2,900 {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_agriculture#china#19%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_industry#china#48%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_services#china#33% {1994 est.})
(economy_inflation_rate_{consumer_prices}#china#10.1% {December 1995 over December 1994})
(economy_labor_force#china#583.6 million {1991})
(economy_labor_force_by_occupation#china#agriculture and forestry 60%, industry and commerce 25%, construction and mining 5%, social services 5%, other 5% {1990 est.})
(economy_unemployment_rate#china#5.2% in urban areas {1995 est.}; substantial underemployment)
(economy_budget_revenues#china#$NA)
(economy_budget_expenditures#china#$NA, including capital expenditures of $NA)
(economy_industries#china#iron and steel, coal, machine building, armaments, textiles and apparel, petroleum, cement, chemical fertilizers, consumer durables, food processing, autos, consumer electronics, telecommunications)
(economy_industrial_production_growth_rate#china#13.4% {1995 est.})
(economy_electricity_capacity#china#162,000,000 kW)
(economy_electricity_production#china#746 billion kWh)
(economy_electricity_consumption_per_capita#china#593 kWh {1993})
(economy_agriculture#china#rice, potatoes, sorghum, peanuts, tea, millet, barley, cotton, other fibers, oilseed; pork and other livestock products; fish)
(economy_illicit_drugs#china#major transshipment point for heroin produced in the Golden Triangle; growing domestic drug abuse problem)
(economy_exports#china#$148.8 billion {f.o.b., 1995})
(economy_exports_commodities#china#garments, textiles, footwear, toys, machinery and equipment {1994})
(economy_exports_partners#china#Hong Kong, Japan, US, Germany, South Korea, Singapore {1994})
(economy_imports#china#$132.1 billion {c.i.f., 1995})
(economy_imports_commodities#china#industrial machinery, textiles, plastics, telecommunications equipment, steel bars, aircraft {1994})
(economy_imports_partners#china#Japan, Taiwan, US, Hong Kong, South Korea, Germany {1994})
(economy_external_debt#china#$92 billion {1994 est.})
(economy_economic_aid_donor#china#to less developed countries {1970-89} $NA)
(economy_economic_aid_recipient#china#ODA, $1.977 billion {1993})
(economy_currency#china#1 yuan {Ñ} = 10 jiao)
(economy_exchange_rates#china#yuan {Ñ} per US$1 - 8.3186 {January 1996}, 8.3514 {1995}, 8.6187 {1994}, 5.7620 {1993}, 5.5146 {1992}, 5.3234 {1991})
(economy_exchange_rates_note#china#beginning 1 January 1994, the People's Bank of China quotes the midpoint rate against the US dollar based on the previous day's prevailing rate in the interbank foreign exchange market)
(economy_fiscal_year#china#calendar year)
(transportation_railways_total#china#58,399 km)
(transportation_railways_standard_gauge#china#54,799 km 1.435-m gauge {7,174 km electrified; more than 11,000 km double track})
(transportation_railways_narrow_gauge#china#3,600 km 0.762-m gauge local industrial lines {1995})
(transportation_highways_total#china#1.029 million km)
(transportation_highways_paved#china#170,000 km)
(transportation_highways_unpaved#china#859,000 km {1990 est.})
(transportation_waterways#china#138,600 km; about 109,800 km navigable)
(transportation_pipelines#china#crude oil 9,700 km; petroleum products 1,100 km; natural gas 6,200 km {1990})
(transportation_ports#china#Aihui, Changsha, Dalian, Fuzhou, Guangzhou, Hangzhou, Harbin, Huangpu, Nanning, Ningbo, Qingdao, Qinhuangdao, Shanghai, Shantou, Tanggu, Xiamen, Xingang, Zhanjiang)
(transportation_merchant_marine_total#china#1,700 ships {1,000 GRT or over} totaling 16,663,260 GRT/25,026,090 DWT)
(transportation_merchant_marine_ships_by_type#china#barge carrier 2, bulk 316, cargo 876, chemical tanker 15, combination bulk 11, container 103, liquefied gas tanker 4, multifunction large-load carrier 3, oil tanker 227, passenger 24, passenger-cargo 28, refrigerated cargo 22, roll-on/roll-off cargo 24, short-sea passenger 45)
(transportation_merchant_marine_note#china#China owns an additional 267 ships {1,000 GRT or over} totaling 9,044,039 DWT operating under the registries of Panama, Hong Kong, Malta, Liberia, Vanuatu, Cyprus, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, The Bahamas, Marshall Islands, and Singapore {1995 est.})
(transportation_airports_total#china#204)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_over_3,047_m#china#17)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_2,438_to_3,047_m#china#69)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_1,524_to_2,437_m#china#89)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_914_to_1,523_m#china#9)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_under_914_m#china#7)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_1,524_to_2,437_m#china#7)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_914_to_1,523_m#china#3)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_under_914_m#china#3 {1994 est.})
(communications_telephones#china#20 million {1994 est.})
(communications_telephone_system#china#domestic and international services are increasingly available for private use; unevenly distributed domestic system serves principal cities, industrial centers, and most townships)
(communications_telephone_system_domestic#china#telephone lines are being expanded; interprovincial fiber-optic trunk lines and cellular telephone systems have been installed; a domestic satellite system with 55 earth stations is in place)
(communications_telephone_system_international#china#satellite earth stations - 5 Intelsat {4 Pacific Ocean and 1 Indian Ocean}, 1 Intersputnik {Indian Ocean Region} and 1 Inmarsat {Pacific and Indian Ocean Regions}; several international fiber-optic links to Japan, South Korea, and Hong Kong)
(communications_radio_broadcast_stations#china#AM 274, FM NA, shortwave 0)
(communications_radios#china#216.5 million {1992 est.})
(communications_television_broadcast_stations#china#202 {repeaters 2,050})
(communications_televisions#china#75 million)
(defense_branches#china#People's Liberation Army {PLA}, which includes the Ground Forces, Navy {includes Marines and Naval Aviation}, Air Force, Second Artillery Corps {the strategic missile force}, People's Armed Police {internal security troops, nominally subordinate to Ministry of Public Security, but included by the Chinese as part of the "armed forces" and considered to be an adjunct to the PLA in wartime})
(defense_manpower_availability_males_age_15-49#china#352,506,948)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_fit_for_military_service#china#194,589,216)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_reach_military_age_{18}_annually#china#9,763,916 {1996 est.})
(defense_defense_expenditures#china#the officially announced but suspect figure is 70.2 billion yuan, NA% of GDP {1995 est.}; note - conversion of the defense budget into US dollars using the current exchange rate could produce misleading results)
(header_affiliation#christmas_island#{territory of Australia})
(geography_location#christmas_island#Southeastern Asia, island in the Indian Ocean, south of Indonesia)
(geography_geographic_coordinates#christmas_island#10 30 S, 105 40 E)
(geography_map_references#christmas_island#Southeast Asia)
(geography_area_total_area#christmas_island#135 sq km)
(geography_area_land_area#christmas_island#135 sq km)
(geography_area_comparative_area#christmas_island#about 0.7 times the size of Washington, DC)
(geography_land_boundaries#christmas_island#0 km)
(geography_coastline#christmas_island#138.9 km)
(geography_maritime_claims_contiguous_zone#christmas_island#12 nm)
(geography_maritime_claims_exclusive_fishing_zone#christmas_island#200 nm)
(geography_maritime_claims_territorial_sea#christmas_island#3 nm)
(geography_international_disputes#christmas_island#none)
(geography_climate#christmas_island#tropical; heat and humidity moderated by trade winds)
(geography_terrain#christmas_island#steep cliffs along coast rise abruptly to central plateau)
(geography_terrain_lowest_point#christmas_island#Indian Ocean 0 m)
(geography_terrain_highest_point#christmas_island#Murray Hill 361 m)
(geography_natural_resources#christmas_island#phosphate)
(geography_land_use_arable_land#christmas_island#0%)
(geography_land_use_permanent_crops#christmas_island#0%)
(geography_land_use_meadows_and_pastures#christmas_island#0%)
(geography_land_use_forest_and_woodland#christmas_island#0%)
(geography_land_use_other#christmas_island#100%)
(geography_irrigated_land#christmas_island#NA sq km)
(geography_environment_current_issues#christmas_island#NA)
(geography_environment_natural_hazards#christmas_island#the narrow fringing reef surrounding the island can be a maritime hazard)
(geography_environment_international_agreements#christmas_island#NA)
(geography_geographic_note#christmas_island#located along major sea lanes of Indian Ocean)
(people_population#christmas_island#813 {July 1996 est.})
(people_age_structure_0-14_years#christmas_island#NA)
(people_age_structure_15-64_years#christmas_island#NA)
(people_age_structure_65_years_and_over#christmas_island#NA)
(people_population_growth_rate#christmas_island#-8.98% {1996 est.})
(people_birth_rate#christmas_island#NA births/1,000 population)
(people_death_rate#christmas_island#NA deaths/1,000 population)
(people_net_migration_rate#christmas_island#NA migrant{s}/1,000 population)
(people_sex_ratio_at_birth#christmas_island#NA male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_under_15_years#christmas_island#NA male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_15-64_years#christmas_island#NA male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_65_years_and_over#christmas_island#NA male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_all_ages#christmas_island#NA male{s}/female)
(people_infant_mortality_rate#christmas_island#NA deaths/1,000 live births)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_total_population#christmas_island#NA years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_male#christmas_island#NA years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_female#christmas_island#NA years)
(people_total_fertility_rate#christmas_island#NA children born/woman)
(people_nationality_noun#christmas_island#Christmas Islander{s})
(people_nationality_adjective#christmas_island#Christmas Island)
(people_ethnic_divisions#christmas_island#Chinese 61%, Malay 25%, European 11%, other 3%, no indigenous population)
(people_religions#christmas_island#Buddhist 55%, Christian 15%, Muslim 10%, other 20% {1991})
(people_languages#christmas_island#English)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_long_form#christmas_island#Territory of Christmas Island)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_short_form#christmas_island#Christmas Island)
(government_data_code#christmas_island#KT)
(government_type_of_government#christmas_island#territory of Australia)
(government_capital#christmas_island#The Settlement)
(government_administrative_divisions#christmas_island#none {territory of Australia})
(government_independence#christmas_island#none {territory of Australia})
(government_national_holiday#christmas_island#NA)
(government_constitution#christmas_island#Christmas Island Act of 1958)
(government_legal_system#christmas_island#under the authority of the governor general of Australia)
(government_executive_branch_chief_of_state#christmas_island#Queen ELIZABETH II {of the United Kingdom since 6 February 1952} is a hereditary monarch)
(government_executive_branch_head_of_government#christmas_island#Administrator Danny Ambrose GILLESPIE {since NA} was appointed by the governor general of Australia and represents the queen and Australia)
(government_executive_branch_cabinet#christmas_island#Christmas Island Shire Council)
(government_legislative_branch#christmas_island#none)
(government_judicial_branch#christmas_island#Supreme Court)
(government_political_parties_and_leaders#christmas_island#none)
(government_international_organization_participation#christmas_island#none)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us#christmas_island#none {territory of Australia})
(government_us_diplomatic_representation#christmas_island#none {territory of Australia})
(government_flag#christmas_island#the flag of Australia is used)
(economy_economic_overview#christmas_island#Phosphate mining had been the only significant economic activity, but in December 1987 the Australian Government closed the mine as no longer economically viable. Private operators reopened the mine in 1990 under strict environmental controls, in particular to preserve the rain forest. A hotel and casino complex opened in 1993, and tourism is a likely growth sector.)
(economy_gdp#christmas_island#purchasing power parity - $NA)
(economy_gdp_real_growth_rate#christmas_island#NA%)
(economy_gdp_per_capita#christmas_island#$NA)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_agriculture#christmas_island#NA%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_industry#christmas_island#NA%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_services#christmas_island#NA%)
(economy_inflation_rate_{consumer_prices}#christmas_island#NA%)
(economy_labor_force#christmas_island#NA)
(economy_labor_force_by_occupation#christmas_island#all workers are employees of the Phosphate Mining Company of Christmas Island, Ltd.)
(economy_unemployment_rate#christmas_island#NA%)
(economy_budget_revenues#christmas_island#$NA)
(economy_budget_expenditures#christmas_island#$NA, including capital expenditures of $NA)
(economy_industries#christmas_island#phosphate extraction {near depletion})
(economy_industrial_production_growth_rate#christmas_island#NA%)
(economy_electricity_capacity#christmas_island#11,000 kW)
(economy_electricity_production#christmas_island#30 million kWh)
(economy_electricity_consumption_per_capita#christmas_island#17,800 kWh {1990})
(economy_agriculture#christmas_island#NA)
(economy_exports#christmas_island#$NA)
(economy_exports_commodities#christmas_island#phosphate)
(economy_exports_partners#christmas_island#Australia, NZ)
(economy_imports#christmas_island#$NA)
(economy_imports_commodities#christmas_island#consumer goods)
(economy_imports_partners#christmas_island#principally Australia)
(economy_external_debt#christmas_island#$NA)
(economy_economic_aid#christmas_island#none)
(economy_currency#christmas_island#1 Australian dollar {$A} = 100 cents)
(economy_exchange_rates#christmas_island#Australian dollars {$A} per US$1 - 1.3477 {January 1996},1.3486 {1995}, 1.3667 {1994}, 1.4704, {1993}, 1.3600 {1992}, 1.2836 {1991})
(economy_fiscal_year#christmas_island#1 July - 30 June)
(transportation_railways#christmas_island#24 km to serve phosphate mines)
(transportation_highways_total#christmas_island#NA km)
(transportation_highways_paved#christmas_island#NA km)
(transportation_highways_unpaved#christmas_island#NA km)
(transportation_ports#christmas_island#Flying Fish Cove)
(transportation_merchant_marine#christmas_island#none)
(transportation_airports_total#christmas_island#1)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_1,524_to_2,437_m#christmas_island#1 {1995 est.})
(communications_telephones#christmas_island#NA)
(communications_telephone_system_domestic#christmas_island#NA)
(communications_telephone_system_international#christmas_island#NA)
(communications_radio_broadcast_stations#christmas_island#AM 1, FM 0, shortwave 0)
(communications_radios#christmas_island#500 {1992})
(communications_television_broadcast_stations#christmas_island#1)
(communications_televisions#christmas_island#350 {1992})
(defense_defense_note#christmas_island#defense is the responsibility of Australia)
(header_affiliation#clipperton_island#{possession of France})
(geography_location#clipperton_island#Middle America, atoll in the North Pacific Ocean, 1,120 km southwest of Mexico)
(geography_geographic_coordinates#clipperton_island#10 17 N, 109 13 W)
(geography_map_references#clipperton_island#World)
(geography_area_total_area#clipperton_island#7 sq km)
(geography_area_land_area#clipperton_island#7 sq km)
(geography_area_comparative_area#clipperton_island#about 12 times the size of The Mall in Washington, DC)
(geography_land_boundaries#clipperton_island#0 km)
(geography_coastline#clipperton_island#11.1 km)
(geography_maritime_claims_exclusive_economic_zone#clipperton_island#200 nm)
(geography_maritime_claims_territorial_sea#clipperton_island#12 nm)
(geography_international_disputes#clipperton_island#claimed by Mexico)
(geography_climate#clipperton_island#tropical, humid, average temperature 20-32 degrees C, rains May-October)
(geography_terrain#clipperton_island#coral atoll)
(geography_terrain_lowest_point#clipperton_island#Pacific Ocean 0 m)
(geography_terrain_highest_point#clipperton_island#Rocher Clipperton 21 m)
(geography_natural_resources#clipperton_island#none)
(geography_land_use_arable_land#clipperton_island#0%)
(geography_land_use_permanent_crops#clipperton_island#0%)
(geography_land_use_meadows_and_pastures#clipperton_island#0%)
(geography_land_use_forest_and_woodland#clipperton_island#0%)
(geography_land_use_other#clipperton_island#100% {all coral})
(geography_irrigated_land#clipperton_island#0 sq km)
(geography_environment_current_issues#clipperton_island#NA)
(geography_environment_natural_hazards#clipperton_island#subject to tornadoes)
(geography_environment_international_agreements#clipperton_island#NA)
(geography_geographic_note#clipperton_island#reef about 8 km in circumference)
(people_population#clipperton_island#uninhabited)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_long_form#clipperton_island#none)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_short_form#clipperton_island#Clipperton Island)
(government_name_of_country_local_long_form#clipperton_island#none)
(government_name_of_country_local_short_form#clipperton_island#Ile Clipperton)
(government_name_of_country_former#clipperton_island#sometimes called Ile de la Passion)
(government_data_code#clipperton_island#IP)
(government_type_of_government#clipperton_island#French possession administered by France from French Polynesia by the High Commissioner of the Republic)
(government_capital#clipperton_island#none; administered by France from French Polynesia)
(government_independence#clipperton_island#none {possession of France})
(government_flag#clipperton_island#the flag of France is used)
(economy_economic_overview#clipperton_island#The only economic activity is a tuna fishing station.)
(transportation_ports#clipperton_island#none; offshore anchorage only)
(defense_defense_note#clipperton_island#defense is the responsibility of France)
(header_affiliation#cocos_{keeling}_islands#{territory of Australia})
(geography_location#cocos_{keeling}_islands#Southeastern Asia, group of islands in the Indian Ocean, south of Indonesia, about one-half of the way from Australia to Sri Lanka)
(geography_geographic_coordinates#cocos_{keeling}_islands#12 30 S, 96 50 E)
(geography_map_references#cocos_{keeling}_islands#Southeast Asia)
(geography_area_total_area#cocos_{keeling}_islands#14 sq km)
(geography_area_land_area#cocos_{keeling}_islands#14 sq km)
(geography_area_comparative_area#cocos_{keeling}_islands#about 24 times the size of The Mall in Washington, DC)
(geography_area_note#cocos_{keeling}_islands#includes the two main islands of West Island and Home Island)
(geography_land_boundaries#cocos_{keeling}_islands#0 km)
(geography_coastline#cocos_{keeling}_islands#2.6 km)
(geography_maritime_claims_exclusive_fishing_zone#cocos_{keeling}_islands#200 nm)
(geography_maritime_claims_territorial_sea#cocos_{keeling}_islands#3 nm)
(geography_international_disputes#cocos_{keeling}_islands#none)
(geography_climate#cocos_{keeling}_islands#pleasant, modified by the southeast trade wind for about nine months of the year; moderate rainfall)
(geography_terrain#cocos_{keeling}_islands#flat, low-lying coral atolls)
(geography_terrain_lowest_point#cocos_{keeling}_islands#Indian Ocean 0 m)
(geography_terrain_highest_point#cocos_{keeling}_islands#unnamed location 5 m)
(geography_natural_resources#cocos_{keeling}_islands#fish)
(geography_land_use_arable_land#cocos_{keeling}_islands#NA%)
(geography_land_use_permanent_crops#cocos_{keeling}_islands#NA%)
(geography_land_use_meadows_and_pastures#cocos_{keeling}_islands#NA%)
(geography_land_use_forest_and_woodland#cocos_{keeling}_islands#NA%)
(geography_land_use_other#cocos_{keeling}_islands#NA%)
(geography_irrigated_land#cocos_{keeling}_islands#NA sq km)
(geography_environment_current_issues#cocos_{keeling}_islands#fresh water resources are limited to rainwater accumulations in natural underground reservoirs)
(geography_environment_natural_hazards#cocos_{keeling}_islands#cyclones may occur in the early months of the year)
(geography_environment_international_agreements#cocos_{keeling}_islands#NA)
(geography_geographic_note#cocos_{keeling}_islands#two coral atolls thickly covered with coconut palms and other vegetation)
(people_population#cocos_{keeling}_islands#609 {July 1996 est.})
(people_age_structure_0-14_years#cocos_{keeling}_islands#NA)
(people_age_structure_15-64_years#cocos_{keeling}_islands#NA)
(people_age_structure_65_years_and_over#cocos_{keeling}_islands#NA)
(people_population_growth_rate#cocos_{keeling}_islands#0.94% {1996 est.})
(people_birth_rate#cocos_{keeling}_islands#NA births/1,000 population)
(people_death_rate#cocos_{keeling}_islands#NA deaths/1,000 population)
(people_net_migration_rate#cocos_{keeling}_islands#NA migrant{s}/1,000 population)
(people_sex_ratio_at_birth#cocos_{keeling}_islands#NA male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_under_15_years#cocos_{keeling}_islands#NA male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_15-64_years#cocos_{keeling}_islands#NA male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_65_years_and_over#cocos_{keeling}_islands#NA male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_all_ages#cocos_{keeling}_islands#NA male{s}/female)
(people_infant_mortality_rate#cocos_{keeling}_islands#NA deaths/1,000 live births)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_total_population#cocos_{keeling}_islands#NA years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_male#cocos_{keeling}_islands#NA years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_female#cocos_{keeling}_islands#NA years)
(people_total_fertility_rate#cocos_{keeling}_islands#NA children born/woman)
(people_nationality_noun#cocos_{keeling}_islands#Cocos Islander{s})
(people_nationality_adjective#cocos_{keeling}_islands#Cocos Islander)
(people_west_island#cocos_{keeling}_islands#Europeans)
(people_home_island#cocos_{keeling}_islands#Cocos Malays)
(people_religions#cocos_{keeling}_islands#Sunni Muslim 57%, Christian 22%, other 21% {1981 est.})
(people_languages#cocos_{keeling}_islands#English)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_long_form#cocos_{keeling}_islands#Territory of Cocos {Keeling} Islands)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_short_form#cocos_{keeling}_islands#Cocos {Keeling} Islands)
(government_data_code#cocos_{keeling}_islands#CK)
(government_type_of_government#cocos_{keeling}_islands#territory of Australia)
(government_capital#cocos_{keeling}_islands#West Island)
(government_administrative_divisions#cocos_{keeling}_islands#none {territory of Australia})
(government_independence#cocos_{keeling}_islands#none {territory of Australia})
(government_national_holiday#cocos_{keeling}_islands#NA)
(government_constitution#cocos_{keeling}_islands#Cocos {Keeling} Islands Act of 1955)
(government_legal_system#cocos_{keeling}_islands#based upon the laws of Australia and local laws)
(government_suffrage#cocos_{keeling}_islands#NA)
(government_executive_branch_chief_of_state#cocos_{keeling}_islands#Queen ELIZABETH II {of the United Kingdom since 6 February 1952} is a hereditary monarch)
(government_executive_branch_head_of_government#cocos_{keeling}_islands#Administrator John Bell READ {since NA} was appointed by the governor general of Australia and represents the queen and Australia)
(government_legislative_branch#cocos_{keeling}_islands#unicameral Cocos {Keeling} Islands Shire Council; President of the Islands Council Ronald GRANT {since NA})
(government_judicial_branch#cocos_{keeling}_islands#Supreme Court)
(government_political_parties_and_leaders#cocos_{keeling}_islands#none)
(government_international_organization_participation#cocos_{keeling}_islands#WMO)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us#cocos_{keeling}_islands#none {territory of Australia})
(government_us_diplomatic_representation#cocos_{keeling}_islands#none {territory of Australia})
(government_flag#cocos_{keeling}_islands#the flag of Australia is used)
(economy_economic_overview#cocos_{keeling}_islands#Grown throughout the islands, coconuts are the sole cash crop. Copra and fresh coconuts are the major export earners. Small local gardens and fishing contribute to the food supply, but additional food and most other necessities must be imported from Australia.)
(economy_gdp#cocos_{keeling}_islands#purchasing power parity - $NA)
(economy_gdp_real_growth_rate#cocos_{keeling}_islands#NA%)
(economy_gdp_per_capita#cocos_{keeling}_islands#$NA)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_agriculture#cocos_{keeling}_islands#NA%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_industry#cocos_{keeling}_islands#NA%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_services#cocos_{keeling}_islands#NA%)
(economy_inflation_rate_{consumer_prices}#cocos_{keeling}_islands#NA%)
(economy_labor_force#cocos_{keeling}_islands#NA)
(economy_budget_revenues#cocos_{keeling}_islands#$NA)
(economy_budget_expenditures#cocos_{keeling}_islands#$NA, including capital expenditures of $NA)
(economy_industries#cocos_{keeling}_islands#copra products)
(economy_industrial_production_growth_rate#cocos_{keeling}_islands#NA%)
(economy_electricity_capacity#cocos_{keeling}_islands#1,000 kW)
(economy_electricity_production#cocos_{keeling}_islands#2 million kWh)
(economy_electricity_consumption_per_capita#cocos_{keeling}_islands#2,980 kWh {1990})
(economy_agriculture#cocos_{keeling}_islands#vegetables, bananas, pawpaws, coconuts)
(economy_exports#cocos_{keeling}_islands#$NA)
(economy_exports_commodities#cocos_{keeling}_islands#copra)
(economy_exports_partners#cocos_{keeling}_islands#Australia)
(economy_imports#cocos_{keeling}_islands#$NA)
(economy_imports_commodities#cocos_{keeling}_islands#foodstuffs)
(economy_imports_partners#cocos_{keeling}_islands#Australia)
(economy_external_debt#cocos_{keeling}_islands#$NA)
(economy_economic_aid#cocos_{keeling}_islands#none)
(economy_currency#cocos_{keeling}_islands#1 Australian dollar {$A} = 100 cents)
(economy_exchange_rates#cocos_{keeling}_islands#Australian dollars {$A} per US$1 - 1.3477 {January 1996}, 1.3486 {1995}, 1.3667 {1994}, 1.4704 {1993}, 1.3600 {1992}, 1.2836 {1991})
(economy_fiscal_year#cocos_{keeling}_islands#1 July - 30 June)
(transportation_railways#cocos_{keeling}_islands#0 km)
(transportation_highways_total#cocos_{keeling}_islands#NA km)
(transportation_highways_paved#cocos_{keeling}_islands#NA km)
(transportation_highways_unpaved#cocos_{keeling}_islands#NA km)
(transportation_ports#cocos_{keeling}_islands#none; lagoon anchorage only)
(transportation_merchant_marine#cocos_{keeling}_islands#none)
(transportation_airports_total#cocos_{keeling}_islands#1)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_1,524_to_2,437_m#cocos_{keeling}_islands#1 {1995 est.})
(communications_telephones#cocos_{keeling}_islands#NA)
(communications_telephone_system_domestic#cocos_{keeling}_islands#NA)
(communications_telephone_system_international#cocos_{keeling}_islands#telephone, telex, and facsimile communications with Australia via satellite; 1 satellite earth station of NA type)
(communications_radio_broadcast_stations#cocos_{keeling}_islands#AM 1, FM 0, shortwave 0)
(communications_radios#cocos_{keeling}_islands#300 {1992 est.})
(communications_television_broadcast_stations#cocos_{keeling}_islands#0)
(communications_television_broadcast_stations_note#cocos_{keeling}_islands#intermittent television service via satellite)
(communications_televisions#cocos_{keeling}_islands#NA)
(defense_defense_note#cocos_{keeling}_islands#defense is the responsibility of Australia)
(geography_location#colombia#Northern South America, bordering the Caribbean Sea, between Panama and Venezuela, and bordering the North Pacific Ocean, between Ecuador and Panama)
(geography_geographic_coordinates#colombia#4 00 N, 72 00 W)
(geography_map_references#colombia#South America)
(geography_area_total_area#colombia#1,138,910 sq km)
(geography_area_land_area#colombia#1,038,700 sq km)
(geography_area_comparative_area#colombia#slightly less than three times the size of Montana)
(geography_area_note#colombia#includes Isla de Malpelo, Roncador Cay, Serrana Bank, and Serranilla Bank)
(geography_land_boundaries_total#colombia#7,408 km)
(geography_land_boundaries_border_countries#colombia#Brazil 1,643 km, Ecuador 590 km, Panama 225 km, Peru 2,900 km, Venezuela 2,050 km)
(geography_coastline#colombia#3,208 km {Caribbean Sea 1,760 km, North Pacific Ocean 1,448 km})
(geography_maritime_claims_continental_shelf#colombia#200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation)
(geography_maritime_claims_exclusive_economic_zone#colombia#200 nm)
(geography_maritime_claims_territorial_sea#colombia#12 nm)
(geography_international_disputes#colombia#maritime boundary dispute with Venezuela in the Gulf of Venezuela; territorial dispute with Nicaragua over Archipelago de San Andres y Providencia and Quita Sueno Bank)
(geography_climate#colombia#tropical along coast and eastern plains; cooler in highlands)
(geography_terrain#colombia#flat coastal lowlands, central highlands, high Andes Mountains, eastern lowland plains)
(geography_terrain_lowest_point#colombia#Pacific Ocean 0 m)
(geography_terrain_highest_point#colombia#Nevado del Huila 5,750 m)
(geography_natural_resources#colombia#petroleum, natural gas, coal, iron ore, nickel, gold, copper, emeralds)
(geography_land_use_arable_land#colombia#4%)
(geography_land_use_permanent_crops#colombia#2%)
(geography_land_use_meadows_and_pastures#colombia#29%)
(geography_land_use_forest_and_woodland#colombia#49%)
(geography_land_use_other#colombia#16%)
(geography_irrigated_land#colombia#5,150 sq km {1989 est.})
(geography_environment_current_issues#colombia#deforestation; soil damage from overuse of pesticides; air pollution, especially in Bogota, from vehicle emissions)
(geography_environment_natural_hazards#colombia#highlands subject to volcanic eruptions; occasional earthquakes; periodic droughts)
(geography_environment_international_agreements#colombia#party to - Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Endangered Species, Marine Life Conservation, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83; signed, but not ratified - Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Desertification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Tropical Timber 94)
(geography_geographic_note#colombia#only South American country with coastlines on both North Pacific Ocean and Caribbean Sea)
(people_population#colombia#36,813,161 {July 1996 est.})
(people_age_structure_0-14_years#colombia#32% {male 5,948,599; female 5,806,450})
(people_age_structure_15-64_years#colombia#64% {male 11,496,931; female 11,890,875})
(people_age_structure_65_years_and_over#colombia#4% {male 741,788; female 928,518} {July 1996 est.})
(people_population_growth_rate#colombia#1.66% {1996 est.})
(people_birth_rate#colombia#21.34 births/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_death_rate#colombia#4.65 deaths/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_net_migration_rate#colombia#-0.13 migrant{s}/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_sex_ratio_at_birth#colombia#1.03 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_under_15_years#colombia#1.02 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_15-64_years#colombia#0.97 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_65_years_and_over#colombia#0.8 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_all_ages#colombia#0.98 male{s}/female {1996 est.})
(people_infant_mortality_rate#colombia#25.8 deaths/1,000 live births {1996 est.})
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_total_population#colombia#72.81 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_male#colombia#69.97 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_female#colombia#75.73 years {1996 est.})
(people_total_fertility_rate#colombia#2.35 children born/woman {1996 est.})
(people_nationality_noun#colombia#Colombian{s})
(people_nationality_adjective#colombia#Colombian)
(people_ethnic_divisions#colombia#mestizo 58%, white 20%, mulatto 14%, black 4%, mixed black-Indian 3%, Indian 1%)
(people_religions#colombia#Roman Catholic 95%)
(people_languages#colombia#Spanish)
(people_literacy#colombia#age 15 and over can read and write {1995 est.})
(people_literacy_total_population#colombia#91.3%)
(people_literacy_male#colombia#91.2%)
(people_literacy_female#colombia#91.4%)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_long_form#colombia#Republic of Colombia)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_short_form#colombia#Colombia)
(government_name_of_country_local_long_form#colombia#Republica de Colombia)
(government_name_of_country_local_short_form#colombia#Colombia)
(government_data_code#colombia#CO)
(government_type_of_government#colombia#republic; executive branch dominates government structure)
(government_capital#colombia#Bogota)
(government_administrative_divisions#colombia#32 departments {departamentos, singular - departamento} and 1 capital district* {distrito capital}; Amazonas, Antioquia, Arauca, Atlantico, Bogota*, Bolivar, Boyaca, Caldas, Caqueta, Casanare, Cauca, Cesar, Choco, Cordoba, Cundinamarca, Guainia, Guaviare, Huila, La Guajira, Magdalena, Meta, Narino, Norte de Santander, Putumayo, Quindio, Risaralda, San Andres y Providencia, Santander, Sucre, Tolima, Valle del Cauca, Vaupes, Vichada)
(government_independence#colombia#20 July 1810 {from Spain})
(government_national_holiday#colombia#Independence Day, 20 July {1810})
(government_constitution#colombia#5 July 1991)
(government_legal_system#colombia#based on Spanish law; a new criminal code modeled after US procedures was enacted in 1992-93; judicial review of executive and legislative acts; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations)
(government_suffrage#colombia#18 years of age; universal and compulsory)
(government_executive_branch_chief_of_state_and_head_of_government#colombia#President Ernesto SAMPER Pizano {since 7 August 1994} elected for a four-year term by popular vote; election last held 29 May 1994 {next to be held NA May 1998} results - no candidate received more than 50% of the total vote; a run-off election to select a president from the two leading candidates was held 19 June 1994; results - Ernesto SAMPER Pizano {Liberal Party} 50.4%, Andres PASTRANA Arango {Conservative Party} 48.6%, blank votes 1%; Humberto de la CALLE Lombana elected vice president for a four-year term by popular vote in a new procedure that replaces the traditional designation of vice presidents by newly elected presidents)
(government_executive_branch_cabinet#colombia#Cabinet)
(government_legislative_branch#colombia#bicameral Congress {Congreso})
(government_senate_{senado}#colombia#elections last held 13 March 1994 {next to be held NA March 1998}; results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - {102 total} Liberal Party 59, conservatives {includes PC, MSN, and NDF} 31, other 12)
(government_house_of_representatives_{camara_de_representantes}#colombia#elections last held 13 March 1994 {next to be held NA March 1998}; seats - {161 total} Liberal Party 89, conservatives {includes PC, MSN, and NDF} 53, AD/M-19 2, other 17)
(government_judicial_branch#colombia#Supreme Court of Justice {Corte Suprema de Justical}, highest court of criminal law, judges are selected from the nominees of the Higher Council of Justice for eight-year terms; Council of State, highest court of administrative law, judges are selected from the nominees of the Higher Council of Justice for eight-year terms; Constitutional Court, guards integrity and supremacy of the constitution, rules on constitutionality of laws, amendments to the constitution, and international treaties)
(government_political_parties_and_leaders#colombia#Liberal Party {PL}, Luis Fernando JARAMILLO; Conservative Party {PC}, Jaime ARIAS; New Democratic Force {NDF}, Andres PASTRANA Arango; Democratic Alliance M-19 {AD/M-19} is a coalition of small leftist parties and dissident liberals and conservatives; Patriotic Union {UP} is a legal political party formed by Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia {FARC} and Colombian Communist Party {PCC}, Aida ABELLA; National Salvation Movement {MSN} Alvaro GOMEZ Hurtado)
(government_other_political_or_pressure_groups#colombia#three insurgent groups are active in Colombia - Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia {FARC}; National Liberation Army {ELN}; and dissidents of the recently demobilized People's Liberation Army {EPL/D})
(government_international_organization_participation#colombia#AG, CCC, CDB, ECLAC, FAO, G- 3, G-11, G-24, G-77, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, LAES, LAIA, NAM, OAS, OPANAL, PCA, RG, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNU, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_chief_of_mission#colombia#Ambassador Carlos LLERAS de la Fuente)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_chancery#colombia#2118 Leroy Place NW, Washington, DC 20008)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_telephone#colombia#[1] {202} 387-8338)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_fax#colombia#[1] {202} 232-8643)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_consulate{s}_general#colombia#Boston, Chicago, Houston, Los Angeles, Miami, New Orleans, New York, San Francisco, San Juan {Puerto Rico}, and Washington, DC)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_consulate{s}#colombia#Atlanta and Tampa)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_chief_of_mission#colombia#Ambassador Myles R. R. FRECHETTE)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_embassy#colombia#Calle 22D-BIS, No. 47-51, Apartado Aereo 3831)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_mailing_address#colombia#APO AA 34038)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_telephone#colombia#[57] {1} 315-0811)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_fax#colombia#[57] {1} 315-2197)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_consulate{s}#colombia#Barranquilla)
(government_flag#colombia#three horizontal bands of yellow {top, double-width}, blue, and red; similar to the flag of Ecuador, which is longer and bears the Ecuadorian coat of arms superimposed in the center)
(economy_economic_overview#colombia#Boasting a diversified and stable economy, Colombia has enjoyed Latin America's most consistent record of growth over the last several decades. Gross domestic product {GDP} has expanded every year for more than 25 years, and unlike many other South American countries, Colombia did not default on any of its official debts during the "lost decade" of the 1980s. Since 1990, when Bogota introduced a comprehensive reform program that opened the economy to foreign trade and investment, GDP growth has averaged more than 4% annually. Growth has been fueled in recent years by the expansion of the construction and financial service industries and an influx of foreign capital. Some foreign investors have been deterred by an inadequate energy and transportation infrastructure and the violence stemming from drug trafficking and persistent rural guerrilla warfare, but direct foreign investment, especially in the oil industry, is still rising at a rapid rate. Although oil consequently is overtaking coffee as the main legal export, earnings from illicit drugs probably exceed those from any other export. Non-petroleum economic growth has been slowing, however, in part because the tight monetary policies adopted to offset the inflationary impact of high capital inflows and rising government spending have slowed local sales and investment. Business confidence also has been damaged by a political crisis stemming from allegations that senior government officials, including President SAMPER, solicited contributions from drug traffickers during the 1994 election campaign. The slowdown in the growth of labor-intensive industries such as manufacturing has caused a small rise in unemployment and interfered with President SAMPER'S plans to lower the country's poverty rate, which has remained at about 40% despite the expanding economy. Nevertheless, the booming oil sector, growing foreign investment, and the fundamental stability of the economy promise to keep growth positive for the foreseeable future, barring severe, unpredictable shocks from developments in the political or international arenas.)
(economy_gdp#colombia#purchasing power parity - $192.5 billion {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_real_growth_rate#colombia#5.3% {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_per_capita#colombia#$5,300 {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_agriculture#colombia#21.5%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_industry#colombia#29%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_services#colombia#49.5%)
(economy_inflation_rate_{consumer_prices}#colombia#19.5% {1995 est.})
(economy_labor_force#colombia#12 million {1990})
(economy_labor_force_by_occupation#colombia#services 46%, agriculture 30%, industry 24% {1990})
(economy_unemployment_rate#colombia#9.5% {1995})
(economy_budget_revenues#colombia#$NA)
(economy_budget_expenditures#colombia#$24 billion including capital expenditures of $NA {1996 est.})
(economy_industries#colombia#textiles, food processing, oil, clothing and footwear, beverages, chemicals, cement; gold, coal, emeralds)
(economy_industrial_production_growth_rate#colombia#3.5% {1995 est.})
(economy_electricity_capacity#colombia#10,220,000 kW)
(economy_electricity_production#colombia#33 billion kWh)
(economy_electricity_consumption_per_capita#colombia#890 kWh {1993})
(economy_agriculture#colombia#coffee, cut flowers, bananas, rice, tobacco, corn, sugarcane, cocoa beans, oilseed, vegetables; forest products; shrimp farming)
(economy_illicit_drugs#colombia#illicit producer of coca, opium poppies, and cannabis; about 50,900 hectares of coca under cultivation in 1995; the world's largest processor of coca derivatives into cocaine; supplier of cocaine to the US and other international drug markets; active aerial eradication program seeks to virtually eliminate coca and opium crops by 1997)
(economy_exports#colombia#$10.5 billion {f.o.b., 1995 est.})
(economy_exports_commodities#colombia#petroleum, coffee, coal, bananas, fresh cut flowers)
(economy_exports_partners#colombia#US 39%, EC 25.7%, Japan 2.9%, Venezuela 8.5% {1992})
(economy_imports#colombia#$13.5 billion {c.i.f., 1995 est.})
(economy_imports_commodities#colombia#industrial equipment, transportation equipment, consumer goods, chemicals, paper products)
(economy_imports_partners#colombia#US 36%, EC 18%, Brazil 4%, Venezuela 6.5%, Japan 8.7% {1992})
(economy_external_debt#colombia#$14 billion {1995 est.})
(economy_economic_aid_recipient#colombia#ODA, $30 million {1993})
(economy_currency#colombia#1 Colombian peso {Col$} = 100 centavos)
(economy_exchange_rates#colombia#Colombian pesos {Col$} per US$1 - 1,011.11 {January 1996}, 912.83 {1995}, 844.84 {1994}, 863.06 {1993}, 759.28 {1992}, 633.05 {1991})
(economy_fiscal_year#colombia#calendar year)
(transportation_railways_total#colombia#3,386 km)
(transportation_railways_standard_gauge#colombia#150 km 1.435-m gauge {connects Cerrejon coal mines to maritime port at Bahia Portete})
(transportation_railways_narrow_gauge#colombia#3,236 km 0.914-m gauge {1830 km in use} {1995})
(transportation_highways_total#colombia#107,200 km)
(transportation_highways_paved#colombia#12,600 km)
(transportation_highways_unpaved#colombia#94,600 km)
(transportation_waterways#colombia#14,300 km, navigable by river boats)
(transportation_pipelines#colombia#crude oil 3,585 km; petroleum products 1,350 km; natural gas 830 km; natural gas liquids 125 km)
(transportation_ports#colombia#Barranquilla, Buenaventura, Cartagena, Leticia, Puerto Bolivar, San Andres, Santa Marta, Tumaco, Turbo)
(transportation_merchant_marine_total#colombia#19 ships {1,000 GRT or over} totaling 97,037 GRT/129,404 DWT)
(transportation_merchant_marine_ships_by_type#colombia#bulk 5, cargo 8, container 3, oil tanker 3 {1995 est.})
(transportation_airports_total#colombia#989)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_over_3,047_m#colombia#2)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_2,438_to_3,047_m#colombia#9)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_1,524_to_2,437_m#colombia#33)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_914_to_1,523_m#colombia#35)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_under_914_m#colombia#557)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_2,438_to_3,047_m#colombia#1)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_1,524_to_2,437_m#colombia#41)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_914_to_1,523_m#colombia#311 {1995 est.})
(communications_telephones#colombia#1.89 million {1986 est.})
(communications_telephone_system#colombia#modern system in many respects)
(communications_telephone_system_domestic#colombia#nationwide microwave radio relay system; domestic satellite system with 11 earth stations)
(communications_telephone_system_international#colombia#satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat {Atlantic Ocean})
(communications_radio_broadcast_stations#colombia#AM 413 {licensed}, FM 217 {licensed}, shortwave 28)
(communications_radios#colombia#NA)
(communications_television_broadcast_stations#colombia#33)
(communications_televisions#colombia#5.5 million {1993 est.})
(defense_branches#colombia#Army {Ejercito Nacional}, Navy {Armada Nacional, includes Marines and Coast Guard}, Air Force {Fuerza Aerea Colombiana}, National Police {Policia Nacional})
(defense_manpower_availability_males_age_15-49#colombia#10,067,538)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_fit_for_military_service#colombia#6,774,105)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_reach_military_age_{18}_annually#colombia#346,372 {1996 est.})
(defense_defense_expenditures#colombia#exchange rate conversion - $2 billion, 2.8% of GDP {1995})
(geography_location#comoros#Southern Africa, group of islands in the Mozambique Channel, about two-thirds of the way between northern Madagascar and northern Mozambique)
(geography_geographic_coordinates#comoros#12 10 S, 44 15 E)
(geography_map_references#comoros#Africa)
(geography_area_total_area#comoros#2,170 sq km)
(geography_area_land_area#comoros#2,170 sq km)
(geography_area_comparative_area#comoros#slightly more than 12 times the size of Washington, DC)
(geography_land_boundaries#comoros#0 km)
(geography_coastline#comoros#340 km)
(geography_maritime_claims_exclusive_economic_zone#comoros#200 nm)
(geography_maritime_claims_territorial_sea#comoros#12 nm)
(geography_international_disputes#comoros#claims French-administered Mayotte)
(geography_climate#comoros#tropical marine; rainy season {November to May})
(geography_terrain#comoros#volcanic islands, interiors vary from steep mountains to low hills)
(geography_terrain_lowest_point#comoros#Indian Ocean 0 m)
(geography_terrain_highest_point#comoros#Mount Kartala 2,360 m)
(geography_natural_resources#comoros#negligible)
(geography_land_use_arable_land#comoros#35%)
(geography_land_use_permanent_crops#comoros#8%)
(geography_land_use_meadows_and_pastures#comoros#7%)
(geography_land_use_forest_and_woodland#comoros#16%)
(geography_land_use_other#comoros#34%)
(geography_irrigated_land#comoros#NA sq km)
(geography_environment_current_issues#comoros#soil degradation and erosion results from crop cultivation on slopes without proper terracing; deforestation)
(geography_environment_natural_hazards#comoros#cyclones and tsunamis possible during rainy season {December to April}; Mount Kartala on Grand Comore is an active volcano)
(geography_environment_international_agreements#comoros#party to - Biodiversity, Climate Change, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection; signed, but not ratified - Desertification)
(geography_geographic_note#comoros#important location at northern end of Mozambique Channel)
(people_population#comoros#569,237 {July 1996 est.})
(people_age_structure_0-14_years#comoros#48% {male 137,235; female 136,207})
(people_age_structure_15-64_years#comoros#49% {male 138,447; female 142,058})
(people_age_structure_65_years_and_over#comoros#3% {male 7,242; female 8,048} {July 1996 est.})
(people_population_growth_rate#comoros#3.55% {1996 est.})
(people_birth_rate#comoros#45.82 births/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_death_rate#comoros#10.28 deaths/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_net_migration_rate#comoros#0 migrant{s}/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_sex_ratio_at_birth#comoros#1.03 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_under_15_years#comoros#1.01 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_15-64_years#comoros#0.98 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_65_years_and_over#comoros#0.9 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_all_ages#comoros#0.99 male{s}/female {1996 est.})
(people_infant_mortality_rate#comoros#75.3 deaths/1,000 live births {1996 est.})
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_total_population#comoros#58.7 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_male#comoros#56.43 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_female#comoros#61.05 years {1996 est.})
(people_total_fertility_rate#comoros#6.65 children born/woman {1996 est.})
(people_nationality_noun#comoros#Comoran{s})
(people_nationality_adjective#comoros#Comoran)
(people_ethnic_divisions#comoros#Antalote, Cafre, Makoa, Oimatsaha, Sakalava)
(people_religions#comoros#Sunni Muslim 86%, Roman Catholic 14%)
(people_languages#comoros#Arabic {official}, French {official}, Comoran {a blend of Swahili and Arabic})
(people_literacy#comoros#age 15 and over can read and write {1995 est.})
(people_literacy_total_population#comoros#57.3%)
(people_literacy_male#comoros#64.2%)
(people_literacy_female#comoros#50.4%)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_long_form#comoros#Federal Islamic Republic of the Comoros)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_short_form#comoros#Comoros)
(government_name_of_country_local_long_form#comoros#Republique Federale Islamique des Comores)
(government_name_of_country_local_short_form#comoros#Comores)
(government_data_code#comoros#CN)
(government_type_of_government#comoros#independent republic)
(government_capital#comoros#Moroni)
(government_administrative_divisions#comoros#three islands; Grand Comore {Njazidja}, Anjouan {Nzwani}, and Moheli {Mwali})
(government_administrative_divisions_note#comoros#there are also four municipalities named Domoni, Fomboni, Moroni, and Mutsamudu)
(government_independence#comoros#6 July 1975 {from France})
(government_national_holiday#comoros#Independence Day, 6 July {1975})
(government_constitution#comoros#7 June 1992)
(government_legal_system#comoros#French and Muslim law in a new consolidated code)
(government_suffrage#comoros#18 years of age; universal)
(government_executive_branch_chief_of_state#comoros#President Mohamed TAKI Abdulkarim {since 16 March 1996} was elected by popular vote; election last held 16 March 1996 {next to be held March 2001})
(government_executive_branch_head_of_government#comoros#Prime Minister MASSOUNDI Tadjidine Ben Said {since March 1996} was appointed by the president)
(government_executive_branch_cabinet#comoros#Council of Ministers appointed by the president)
(government_legislative_branch#comoros#unicameral)
(government_federal_assembly_{assemblee_federale}#comoros#elections last held 12-20 December 1993 {next to be held by NA January 1998}; results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - {42 total} ruling coalition: RDR 15, UNDC 5, MWANGAZA 2; opposition: UDZIMA 8; other smaller parties: 10; two seats remained unfilled)
(government_judicial_branch#comoros#Supreme Court {Cour Supreme}, two members are appointed by the president, two members are elected by the Federal Assembly, one by the Council of each island, plus all the former presidents of the republic)
(government_political_parties_and_leaders#comoros#Islands' Fraternity and Unity Party {CHUMA}, Said Ali KEMAL; over 20 political parties are currently active, the most important of which are Comoran Union for Progress {UDZIMA}, Omar TAMOU; Comoran Party for Democracy and Progress {PCDP}, Ali MROUDJAE; Realizing Freedom's Capability {UWEZO}, Mouazair ABDALLAH; Democratic Front of the Comoros {FDR}, Moustapha CHELKH; Dialogue Proposition Action {DPA/MWANGAZA}, Said MCHAWGAMA; Rally for Change and Democracy {RACHADE}, Hassan HACHIM; Union for Democracy and Decentralization {UNDC}, Mohamed Taki Halidi IBRAHAM; Rally for Democracy and Renewal {RDR}; Comoran Popular Front {FPC}, Mohamed HASSANALI, Mohamed El Arif OUKACHA, Abdou MOUSTAKIM {Secretary General})
(government_international_organization_participation#comoros#ACCT, ACP, AfDB, AL, CCC, ECA, FAO, FZ, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, ILO, IMF, Intelsat {nonsignatory user}, IOC, ITU, NAM, OAU, OIC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WHO, WMO)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_chief_of_mission#comoros#Ambassador Mohamed Ahamada DJIMBANAOU {ambassador to the US and Canada})
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_chancery#comoros#{temporary} care of the Permanent Mission of the Federal and Islamic Republic of the Comoros to the United Nations, 336 East 45th Street, 2nd Floor, New York, NY 10017)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_telephone#comoros#[1] {212} 972-8010)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_fax#comoros#[1] {212} 983-4712)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation#comoros#the US does not have an embassy in Comoros; the ambassador to Mauritius is accredited to Comoros)
(government_flag#comoros#green with a white crescent in the center of the field, its points facing downward; there are four white five-pointed stars placed in a line between the points of the crescent; the crescent, stars, and color green are traditional symbols of Islam; the four stars represent the four main islands of the archipelago - Mwali, Njazidja, Nzwani, and Mayotte {a territorial collectivity of France, but claimed by Comoros}; the design, the most recent of several, is described in the constitution approved by referendum on 7 June 1992)
(economy_economic_overview#comoros#One of the world's poorest countries, Comoros is made up of several islands that have poor transportation links, a young and rapidly increasing population, and few natural resources. The low educational level of the labor force contributes to a subsistence level of economic activity, high unemployment, and a heavy dependence on foreign grants and technical assistance. Agriculture, including fishing, hunting, and forestry, is the leading sector of the economy. It contributes 40% to GDP, employs 80% of the labor force, and provides most of the exports. The country is not self-sufficient in food production; rice, the main staple, accounts for 90% of imports. The government is struggling to upgrade education and technical training, to privatize commercial and industrial enterprises, to improve health services, to diversify exports, and to reduce the high population growth rate. Continued foreign support is essential if the goal of 4% annual GDP growth is to be reached in the late 1990s.)
(economy_gdp#comoros#purchasing power parity - $370 million {1994 est.})
(economy_gdp_real_growth_rate#comoros#0.9% {1994 est.})
(economy_gdp_per_capita#comoros#$700 {1994 est.})
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_agriculture#comoros#NA%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_industry#comoros#NA%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_services#comoros#NA%)
(economy_inflation_rate_{consumer_prices}#comoros#15% {1993 est.})
(economy_labor_force#comoros#140,000 {1982})
(economy_labor_force_by_occupation#comoros#agriculture 80%, government 3%)
(economy_unemployment_rate#comoros#15.8% {1989})
(economy_budget_revenues#comoros#$83 million)
(economy_budget_expenditures#comoros#$92 million, including capital expenditures of $32 million {1992})
(economy_industries#comoros#tourism, perfume distillation, textiles, furniture, jewelry, construction materials, soft drinks)
(economy_industrial_production_growth_rate#comoros#-6.5% {1989 est.})
(economy_electricity_capacity#comoros#16,000 kW)
(economy_electricity_production#comoros#17 million kWh)
(economy_electricity_consumption_per_capita#comoros#27 kWh {1993})
(economy_agriculture#comoros#vanilla, cloves, perfume essences, copra, coconuts, bananas, cassava {tapioca})
(economy_exports#comoros#$13.7 million {f.o.b., 1993 est.})
(economy_exports_commodities#comoros#vanilla, ylang-ylang, cloves, perfume oil, copra)
(economy_exports_partners#comoros#US 44%, France 40%, Germany 6%, Africa 5% {1992})
(economy_imports#comoros#$40.9 million {f.o.b., 1993 est.})
(economy_imports_commodities#comoros#rice and other foodstuffs, petroleum products, cement, consumer goods)
(economy_imports_partners#comoros#France 34%, South Africa 14%, Kenya 8%, Japan 4% {1992})
(economy_external_debt#comoros#$160 million {1992 est.})
(economy_economic_aid_recipient#comoros#ODA, $NA)
(economy_currency#comoros#1 Comoran franc {CF} = 100 centimes)
(economy_exchange_rates#comoros#Comoran francs {CF} per US$1 - 375.42 {January 1996}, 374.36 {1995}, 416.40 {1994}, 283.16 {1993}, 264.69 {1992}, 282.11 {1991})
(economy_exchange_rates_note#comoros#beginning 12 January 1994, the Comoran franc was devalued to 75 per French franc from 50 per French franc at which it had been fixed since 1948)
(economy_fiscal_year#comoros#calendar year)
(transportation_railways#comoros#0 km)
(transportation_highways_total#comoros#1,104 km)
(transportation_highways_paved#comoros#400 km)
(transportation_highways_unpaved#comoros#704 km {1988 est.})
(transportation_ports#comoros#Fomboni, Moroni, Mutsamudu)
(transportation_merchant_marine#comoros#none)
(transportation_airports_total#comoros#4)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_2,438_to_3,047_m#comoros#1)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_914_to_1,523_m#comoros#3 {1995 est.})
(communications_telephones#comoros#3,770 {1991 est.})
(communications_telephone_system#comoros#sparse system of microwave radio relay and HF radiotelephone communication stations)
(communications_telephone_system_domestic#comoros#HF radiotelephone communications and microwave radio relay)
(communications_telephone_system_international#comoros#HF radiotelephone communications to Madagascar and Reunion)
(communications_radio_broadcast_stations#comoros#AM 2, FM 1, shortwave 0)
(communications_radios#comoros#NA)
(communications_television_broadcast_stations#comoros#0)
(communications_televisions#comoros#200 {1991 est.})
(defense_branches#comoros#Comoran Security Force)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_age_15-49#comoros#121,854)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_fit_for_military_service#comoros#72,873 {1996 est.})
(defense_defense_expenditures#comoros#$NA, NA% of GDP)
(geography_location#congo#Western Africa, bordering the South Atlantic Ocean, between Angola and Gabon)
(geography_geographic_coordinates#congo#1 00 S, 15 00 E)
(geography_map_references#congo#Africa)
(geography_area_total_area#congo#342,000 sq km)
(geography_area_land_area#congo#341,500 sq km)
(geography_area_comparative_area#congo#slightly smaller than Montana)
(geography_land_boundaries_total#congo#5,504 km)
(geography_land_boundaries_border_countries#congo#Angola 201 km, Cameroon 523 km, Central African Republic 467 km, Gabon 1,903 km, Zaire 2,410 km)
(geography_coastline#congo#169 km)
(geography_maritime_claims_territorial_sea#congo#200 nm)
(geography_international_disputes#congo#long segment of boundary with Zaire along the Congo River is indefinite {no division of the river or its islands has been made})
(geography_climate#congo#tropical; rainy season {March to June}; dry season {June to October}; constantly high temperatures and humidity; particularly enervating climate astride the Equator)
(geography_terrain#congo#coastal plain, southern basin, central plateau, northern basin)
(geography_terrain_lowest_point#congo#Atlantic Ocean 0 m)
(geography_terrain_highest_point#congo#Mount Berongou 903 m)
(geography_natural_resources#congo#petroleum, timber, potash, lead, zinc, uranium, copper, phosphates, natural gas)
(geography_land_use_arable_land#congo#2%)
(geography_land_use_permanent_crops#congo#0%)
(geography_land_use_meadows_and_pastures#congo#29%)
(geography_land_use_forest_and_woodland#congo#62%)
(geography_land_use_other#congo#7%)
(geography_irrigated_land#congo#40 sq km {1989})
(geography_environment_current_issues#congo#air pollution from vehicle emissions; water pollution from the dumping of raw sewage; tap water is not potable; deforestation)
(geography_environment_natural_hazards#congo#seasonal flooding)
(geography_environment_international_agreements#congo#party to - Endangered Species, Ozone Layer Protection, Tropical Timber 83; signed, but not ratified - Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Law of the Sea, Tropical Timber 94)
(geography_geographic_note#congo#about 70% of the population lives in Brazzaville, Pointe Noire, or along the railroad between them)
(people_population#congo#2,527,841 {July 1996 est.})
(people_age_structure_0-14_years#congo#43% {male 550,971; female 545,096})
(people_age_structure_15-64_years#congo#53% {male 657,035; female 688,441})
(people_age_structure_65_years_and_over#congo#4% {male 34,973; female 51,325} {July 1996 est.})
(people_population_growth_rate#congo#2.19% {1996 est.})
(people_birth_rate#congo#39.19 births/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_death_rate#congo#17.35 deaths/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_net_migration_rate#congo#0 migrant{s}/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_sex_ratio_at_birth#congo#1.03 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_under_15_years#congo#1.01 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_15-64_years#congo#0.95 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_65_years_and_over#congo#0.68 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_all_ages#congo#0.97 male{s}/female {1996 est.})
(people_infant_mortality_rate#congo#108.1 deaths/1,000 live births {1996 est.})
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_total_population#congo#45.77 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_male#congo#44.21 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_female#congo#47.37 years {1996 est.})
(people_total_fertility_rate#congo#5.15 children born/woman {1996 est.})
(people_nationality_noun#congo#Congolese {singular and plural})
(people_nationality_adjective#congo#Congolese or Congo)
(people_ethnic_divisions_south#congo#Kongo 48%)
(people_ethnic_divisions_north#congo#Sangha 20%, M'Bochi 12%)
(people_ethnic_divisions_center#congo#Teke 17%, Europeans 8,500 {mostly French})
(people_religions#congo#Christian 50%, animist 48%, Muslim 2%)
(people_languages#congo#French {official}, African languages {Lingala and Kikongo are the most widely used})
(people_literacy#congo#age 15 and over can read and write {1995 est.})
(people_literacy_total_population#congo#74.9%)
(people_literacy_male#congo#83.1%)
(people_literacy_female#congo#67.2%)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_long_form#congo#Republic of the Congo)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_short_form#congo#Congo)
(government_name_of_country_local_long_form#congo#Republique Populaire du Congo)
(government_name_of_country_local_short_form#congo#Congo)
(government_name_of_country_former#congo#Congo/Brazzaville)
(government_data_code#congo#CF)
(government_type_of_government#congo#republic)
(government_capital#congo#Brazzaville)
(government_administrative_divisions#congo#9 regions {regions, singular - region} and 1 commune*; Bouenza, Brazzaville*, Cuvette, Kouilou, Lekoumou, Likouala, Niari, Plateaux, Pool, Sangha)
(government_independence#congo#15 August 1960 {from France})
(government_national_holiday#congo#Congolese National Day, 15 August {1960})
(government_constitution#congo#new constitution approved by referendum March 1992)
(government_legal_system#congo#based on French civil law system and customary law)
(government_suffrage#congo#18 years of age; universal)
(government_executive_branch_chief_of_state#congo#President Pascal LISSOUBA {since August 1992}; elected for a five-year term by universal suffrage; election last held NA August 1992 {next to be held NA August 1997}; results - President Pascal LISSOUBA won 61% of the vote)
(government_executive_branch_head_of_government#congo#Prime Minister Jacques Joachim YHOMBI-OPANGO {since 23 June 1993} appointed by the president)
(government_executive_branch_cabinet#congo#Council of Ministers appointed by the president)
(government_legislative_branch#congo#bicameral)
(government_national_assembly_{assemblee_nationale}#congo#election last held 3 October 1993 {next to be held NA}; results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - {125 total} UPADS 64, URD/PCT 58, others 3)
(government_senate#congo#election last held 26 July 1992 {next to be held NA July 1998}; results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - {60 total} UPADS 23, MCDDI 14, RDD 8, RDPS 5, PCT 2, others 8)
(government_judicial_branch#congo#Supreme Court {Cour Supreme})
(government_political_parties_and_leaders#congo#of Congo's many political parties, the most important are Congolese Labor Party {PCT}, Denis SASSOU-NGUESSO, president; Association for Democracy and Development {RDD}, Joachim Yhombi OPANGO, president; Association for Democracy and Social Progress {RDPS}, Jean-Pierre Thystere TCHICAYA, president; Congolese Movement for Democracy and Integral Development {MCDDI}, Bernard KOLELAS, leader; Pan-African Union for Social Development {UPADS}, Pascal LISSOUBA, leader; Union of Democratic Forces {UFD}, David Charles GANAO, leader; Union for Democratic Renewal {URD}; Union for Development and Social Progress {UDPS}, Jean-Michael BOKAMBA-YANGOUMA, leader)
(government_other_political_or_pressure_groups#congo#Union of Congolese Socialist Youth {UJSC}; Congolese Trade Union Congress {CSC}; Revolutionary Union of Congolese Women {URFC}; General Union of Congolese Pupils and Students {UGEEC})
(government_international_organization_participation#congo#ACCT, ACP, AfDB, BDEAC, CCC, CEEAC, ECA, FAO, FZ, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, ITU, NAM, OAU, UDEAC, UN, UNAMIR, UNAVEM III, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_chief_of_mission#congo#Ambassador {vacant}; Charge d'Affaires Daniel MOUELLET)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_chancery#congo#4891 Colorado Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20011)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_telephone#congo#[1] {202} 726-0825)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_fax#congo#[1] {202} 726-1860)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_chief_of_mission#congo#Ambassador William C. RAMSEY)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_embassy#congo#Avenue Amilcar Cabral, Brazzaville)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_mailing_address#congo#B. P. 1015, Brazzaville)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_telephone#congo#[242] 83 20 70)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_fax#congo#[242] 83 63 38)
(government_flag#congo#divided diagonally from the lower hoist side by a yellow band; the upper triangle {hoist side} is green and the lower triangle is red; uses the popular pan-African colors of Ethiopia)
(economy_economic_overview#congo#Congo's economy is a mixture of village agriculture and handicrafts, an industrial sector based largely on oil, support services, and a government characterized by budget problems and overstaffing. Oil has supplanted forestry as the mainstay of the economy, providing about 90% of government revenues and exports. In the early 1980s, rapidly rising oil revenues enabled Congo to finance large-scale development projects with GDP growth averaging 5% annually, one of the highest rates in Africa. Subsequently, falling oil prices cut GDP growth by half. Moreover, the Congolese Government has mortgaged a substantial portion of its oil earnings, contributing to the government's shortage of revenues. The 12 January 1994 devaluation of Franc Zone currencies by 50% resulted in inflation of 61% in 1994. Recent efforts to implement economic reforms have begun to show progress; the IMF has recommended approval of an Enhanced Structural Adjustment Facility agreement in 1996.)
(economy_gdp#congo#purchasing power parity - $7.7 billion {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_real_growth_rate#congo#3.3% {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_per_capita#congo#$3,100 {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_agriculture#congo#11.4%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_industry#congo#35.2%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_services#congo#53.4% {1993})
(economy_inflation_rate_{consumer_prices}#congo#61% {1994 est.})
(economy_labor_force#congo#79,100 wage earners)
(economy_labor_force_by_occupation#congo#agriculture 75%, commerce, industry, and government 25%)
(economy_unemployment_rate#congo#NA%)
(economy_budget_revenues#congo#$2.18 billion {1994 est.})
(economy_budget_expenditures#congo#$NA, including capital expenditures of $NA)
(economy_industries#congo#petroleum extraction, cement kilning, lumbering, brewing, sugar milling, palm oil, soap, cigarette making)
(economy_industrial_production_growth_rate#congo#3.7% {estimated average annual growth rate for 1980-92})
(economy_electricity_capacity#congo#120,000 kW)
(economy_electricity_production#congo#400 million kWh)
(economy_electricity_consumption_per_capita#congo#201 kWh {1993})
(economy_agriculture#congo#cassava {tapioca} accounts for 90% of food output, sugar, rice, corn, peanuts, vegetables, coffee, cocoa; forest products)
(economy_exports#congo#$1 billion {f.o.b., 1995})
(economy_exports_commodities#congo#crude oil 90%, lumber, plywood, sugar, cocoa, coffee, diamonds)
(economy_exports_partners#congo#Italy, France, Spain, other EU countries, US, Taiwan)
(economy_imports#congo#$600 million {c.i.f., 1995})
(economy_imports_commodities#congo#intermediate manufactures, capital equipment, construction materials, foodstuffs, petroleum products)
(economy_imports_partners#congo#France, Italy, other EU countries, US, Japan, Thailand)
(economy_external_debt#congo#$5 billion {1993})
(economy_economic_aid_recipient#congo#ODA, $NA)
(economy_currency#congo#1 Communaute Financiere Africaine franc {CFAF} = 100 centimes)
(economy_exchange_rates#congo#CFA francs {CFAF} per US$1 - 500.56 {January 1996}, 499.15 {1995}, 555.20 {1994}, 283.16 {1993}, 264.69 {1992}, 282.11 {1991})
(economy_exchange_rates_note#congo#beginning 12 January 1994, the CFA franc was devalued to CFAF 100 per French franc from CFAF 50 at which it had been fixed since 1948)
(economy_fiscal_year#congo#calendar year)
(transportation_railways_total#congo#795 km {1995 est.})
(transportation_railways_narrow_gauge#congo#795 km 1.067-m gauge {includes 285 km that are privately owned})
(transportation_highways_total#congo#12,745 km)
(transportation_highways_paved#congo#1,236 km)
(transportation_highways_unpaved#congo#11,509 km {1992 est.})
(transportation_waterways#congo#the Congo and Ubangi {Oubangui} Rivers provide 1,120 km of commercially navigable water transport; other rivers are used for local traffic only)
(transportation_pipelines#congo#crude oil 25 km)
(transportation_ports#congo#Brazzaville, Impfondo, Ouesso, Oyo, Pointe-Noire)
(transportation_merchant_marine_total#congo#1 cargo ship {1,000 GRT or over} totaling 2,218 GRT/4,100 DWT {1995 est.})
(transportation_airports#congo#34)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_over_3,047_m#congo#1)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_1,524_to_2,437_m#congo#3)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_under_914_m#congo#9)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_1,524_to_2,437_m#congo#7)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_914_to_1,523_m#congo#14 {1995 est.})
(communications_telephones#congo#18,000 {1983 est.})
(communications_telephone_system#congo#services adequate for government use; key exchanges are in Brazzaville, Pointe-Noire, and Loubomo)
(communications_telephone_system_domestic#congo#primary network consists of microwave radio relay and coaxial cable)
(communications_telephone_system_international#congo#satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat {Atlantic Ocean})
(communications_radio_broadcast_stations#congo#AM 4, FM 1, shortwave 0)
(communications_radios#congo#NA)
(communications_television_broadcast_stations#congo#4 {1987 est.})
(communications_televisions#congo#8,500 {1993 est.})
(defense_branches#congo#Army, Navy {includes Marines}, Air Force, National Police)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_age_15-49#congo#582,103)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_fit_for_military_service#congo#296,602)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_reach_military_age_{20}_annually#congo#25,247 {1996 est.})
(defense_defense_expenditures#congo#exchange rate conversion - $110 million, 3.8% of GDP {1993})
(header_affiliation#cook_islands#{free association with New Zealand})
(geography_location#cook_islands#Oceania, group of islands in the South Pacific Ocean, about one-half of the way from Hawaii to New Zealand)
(geography_geographic_coordinates#cook_islands#21 14 S, 159 46 W)
(geography_map_references#cook_islands#Oceania)
(geography_area_total_area#cook_islands#240 sq km)
(geography_area_land_area#cook_islands#240 sq km)
(geography_area_comparative_area#cook_islands#slightly more than one times the size of Washington, DC)
(geography_land_boundaries#cook_islands#0 km)
(geography_coastline#cook_islands#120 km)
(geography_maritime_claims_continental_shelf#cook_islands#200 nm or to the edge of the continental margin)
(geography_maritime_claims_exclusive_economic_zone#cook_islands#200 nm)
(geography_maritime_claims_territorial_sea#cook_islands#12 nm)
(geography_international_disputes#cook_islands#none)
(geography_climate#cook_islands#tropical; moderated by trade winds)
(geography_terrain#cook_islands#low coral atolls in north; volcanic, hilly islands in south)
(geography_terrain_lowest_point#cook_islands#Pacific Ocean 0 m)
(geography_terrain_highest_point#cook_islands#Te Manga 652 m)
(geography_natural_resources#cook_islands#negligible)
(geography_land_use_arable_land#cook_islands#4%)
(geography_land_use_permanent_crops#cook_islands#22%)
(geography_land_use_meadows_and_pastures#cook_islands#0%)
(geography_land_use_forest_and_woodland#cook_islands#0%)
(geography_land_use_other#cook_islands#74%)
(geography_irrigated_land#cook_islands#NA sq km)
(geography_environment_current_issues#cook_islands#NA)
(geography_environment_natural_hazards#cook_islands#typhoons {November to March})
(geography_environment_international_agreements#cook_islands#party to - Biodiversity, Climate Change, Law of the Sea)
(people_population#cook_islands#19,561 {July 1996 est.})
(people_age_structure_0-14_years#cook_islands#NA)
(people_age_structure_15-64_years#cook_islands#NA)
(people_age_structure_65_years_and_over#cook_islands#NA)
(people_population_growth_rate#cook_islands#1.11% {1996 est.})
(people_birth_rate#cook_islands#22.87 births/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_death_rate#cook_islands#5.2 deaths/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_net_migration_rate#cook_islands#-6.58 migrant{s}/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_sex_ratio_at_birth#cook_islands#NA male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_under_15_years#cook_islands#NA male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_15-64_years#cook_islands#NA male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_65_years_and_over#cook_islands#NA male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_all_ages#cook_islands#NA male{s}/female)
(people_infant_mortality_rate#cook_islands#24.7 deaths/1,000 live births {1996 est.})
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_total_population#cook_islands#71.14 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_male#cook_islands#69.2 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_female#cook_islands#73.1 years {1996 est.})
(people_total_fertility_rate#cook_islands#3.25 children born/woman {1996 est.})
(people_nationality_noun#cook_islands#Cook Islander{s})
(people_nationality_adjective#cook_islands#Cook Islander)
(people_ethnic_divisions#cook_islands#Polynesian {full blood} 81.3%, Polynesian and European 7.7%, Polynesian and non-European 7.7%, European 2.4%, other 0.9%)
(people_religions#cook_islands#Christian {majority of populace members of Cook Islands Christian Church})
(people_languages#cook_islands#English {official}, Maori)
(people_literacy#cook_islands#NA)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_long_form#cook_islands#none)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_short_form#cook_islands#Cook Islands)
(government_data_code#cook_islands#CW)
(government_type_of_government#cook_islands#self-governing parliamentary government in free association with New Zealand; Cook Islands is fully responsible for internal affairs; New Zealand retains responsibility for external affairs, in consultation with the Cook Islands)
(government_capital#cook_islands#Avarua)
(government_administrative_divisions#cook_islands#none)
(government_independence#cook_islands#none {became self-governing in free association with New Zealand on 4 August 1965 and has the right at any time to move to full independence by unilateral action})
(government_national_holiday#cook_islands#Constitution Day, 4 August)
(government_constitution#cook_islands#4 August 1965)
(government_legal_system#cook_islands#NA)
(government_suffrage#cook_islands#NA years of age; universal adult)
(government_executive_branch_chief_of_state#cook_islands#Queen ELIZABETH II {of the United Kingdom since 6 February 1952}, a hereditary monarch, is represented by Apenera SHORT {since NA}; New Zealand High Commissioner Darryl DUNN {since NA 1994}, representative of New Zealand was appointed by the New Zealand Government)
(government_executive_branch_head_of_government#cook_islands#Prime Minister Sir Geoffrey A. HENRY {since 1 February 1989}; Deputy Prime Minister Inatio AKARURU {since 1 February 1989})
(government_executive_branch_cabinet#cook_islands#Cabinet; collectively responsible to Parliament)
(government_legislative_branch#cook_islands#unicameral)
(government_parliament#cook_islands#elections last held 6 March 1994 {next to be held NA 1999}; results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - {25 total} Cook Islands Party 20, Democratic Party 3, Democratic Alliance Party 2)
(government_parliament_note#cook_islands#the House of Arikis {chiefs} advises on traditional matters, but has no legislative powers)
(government_judicial_branch#cook_islands#High Court)
(government_political_parties_and_leaders#cook_islands#Cook Islands Party, Geoffrey HENRY; Democratic Party, Sir Thomas DAVIS; Democratic Alliance Party, Norman GEORGE)
(government_international_organization_participation#cook_islands#AsDB, ESCAP {associate}, ICAO, ICFTU, IFAD, Intelsat {nonsignatory user}, IOC, Sparteca, SPC, SPF, UNESCO, WHO)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us#cook_islands#none {self-governing in free association with New Zealand})
(government_us_diplomatic_representation#cook_islands#none {self-governing in free association with New Zealand})
(government_flag#cook_islands#blue, with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side quadrant and a large circle of 15 white five-pointed stars {one for every island} centered in the outer half of the flag)
(economy_economic_overview#cook_islands#Agriculture provides the economic base. The major export earners are fruit, copra, and clothing. Manufacturing activities are limited to a fruit-processing plant and several clothing factories. Economic development is hindered by the isolation of the islands from foreign markets and a lack of natural resources and good transportation links. A large trade deficit is annually made up for by remittances from emigrants and by foreign aid, largely from New Zealand. Current economic development plans call for exploiting the tourism potential and expanding the mining and fishing industries. Despite these plans, the Cook Islands will continue to face severe financial problems.)
(economy_gdp#cook_islands#purchasing power parity - $57 million {1993 est.})
(economy_gdp_real_growth_rate#cook_islands#NA%)
(economy_gdp_per_capita#cook_islands#$3,000 {1993 est.})
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_agriculture#cook_islands#NA%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_industry#cook_islands#NA%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_services#cook_islands#NA%)
(economy_inflation_rate_{consumer_prices}#cook_islands#6.2% {1990})
(economy_labor_force#cook_islands#5,810)
(economy_labor_force_by_occupation#cook_islands#agriculture 29%, government 27%, services 25%, industry 15%, other 4% {1981})
(economy_unemployment_rate#cook_islands#NA%)
(economy_budget_revenues#cook_islands#$NA)
(economy_budget_expenditures#cook_islands#$NA, including capital expenditures of $NA)
(economy_industries#cook_islands#fruit processing, tourism)
(economy_industrial_production_growth_rate#cook_islands#NA%)
(economy_electricity_capacity#cook_islands#14,000 kW)
(economy_electricity_production#cook_islands#21 million kWh)
(economy_electricity_consumption_per_capita#cook_islands#741 kWh {1993})
(economy_agriculture#cook_islands#copra, citrus, pineapples, tomatoes, bananas, yams, taro)
(economy_exports#cook_islands#$3.4 million {f.o.b., 1990})
(economy_exports_commodities#cook_islands#copra, fresh and canned fruit, clothing)
(economy_exports_partners#cook_islands#NZ 80%, Japan)
(economy_imports#cook_islands#$50 million {c.i.f., 1990})
(economy_imports_commodities#cook_islands#foodstuffs, textiles, fuels, timber)
(economy_imports_partners#cook_islands#NZ 49%, Japan, Australia, US)
(economy_external_debt#cook_islands#$160 million {1994})
(economy_economic_aid_recipient#cook_islands#ODA, $NA)
(economy_economic_aid_note#cook_islands#in 1994, Cook Islands received $5.4 million in budget support and $3.3 million in project aid from New Zealand, the country's largest source of aid)
(economy_currency#cook_islands#1 New Zealand dollar {NZ$} = 100 cents)
(economy_exchange_rates#cook_islands#New Zealand dollars {NZ$} per US$1 - 1.5138 {January 1996}, 1.5235 {1995}, 1.6844 {1994}, 1.8495 {1993}, 1.8584 {1992}, 1.7265 {1991})
(economy_fiscal_year#cook_islands#1 April - 31 March)
(transportation_railways#cook_islands#0 km)
(transportation_highways_total#cook_islands#187 km)
(transportation_highways_paved#cook_islands#35 km)
(transportation_highways_unpaved#cook_islands#152 km {1980 est.})
(transportation_ports#cook_islands#Avarua, Avatiu)
(transportation_merchant_marine_total#cook_islands#1 cargo ship {1,000 GRT or over} totaling 1,464 GRT/2,181 DWT {1995 est.})
(transportation_airports#cook_islands#7)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_1,524_to_2,437_m#cook_islands#1)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_1,524_to_2,437_m#cook_islands#3)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_914_to_1,523_m#cook_islands#3 {1995 est.})
(communications_telephones#cook_islands#4,180 {1994})
(communications_telephone_system_domestic#cook_islands#the individual islands are connected by a combination of satellite earth stations, microwave systems, and VHF and HF radiotelephone; within the islands, service is provided by small exchanges connected to subscribers by open wire, cable, and fiber-optic cable)
(communications_telephone_system_international#cook_islands#satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat {Pacific Ocean})
(communications_radio_broadcast_stations#cook_islands#AM 1, FM 1, shortwave 1)
(communications_radios#cook_islands#13,000 {1992 est.})
(communications_television_broadcast_stations#cook_islands#1 studio and 8 low-powered repeaters to achieve good coverage on the island of Rarotonga)
(communications_televisions#cook_islands#3,500 {1995 est.})
(defense_defense_note#cook_islands#defense is the responsibility of New Zealand)
(header_affiliation#coral_sea_islands#{territory of Australia})
(geography_location#coral_sea_islands#Oceania, islands in the Coral Sea, northeast of Australia)
(geography_geographic_coordinates#coral_sea_islands#18 00 S, 152 00 E)
(geography_map_references#coral_sea_islands#Oceania)
(geography_area_total_area#coral_sea_islands#less than 3 sq km)
(geography_area_land_area#coral_sea_islands#less than 3 sq km)
(geography_area_comparative_area#coral_sea_islands#NA)
(geography_area_note#coral_sea_islands#includes numerous small islands and reefs scattered over a sea area of about 1 million sq km, with Willis Islets the most important)
(geography_land_boundaries#coral_sea_islands#0 km)
(geography_coastline#coral_sea_islands#3,095 km)
(geography_maritime_claims_exclusive_fishing_zone#coral_sea_islands#200 nm)
(geography_maritime_claims_territorial_sea#coral_sea_islands#3 nm)
(geography_international_disputes#coral_sea_islands#none)
(geography_climate#coral_sea_islands#tropical)
(geography_terrain#coral_sea_islands#sand and coral reefs and islands {or cays})
(geography_terrain_lowest_point#coral_sea_islands#Pacific Ocean 0 m)
(geography_terrain_highest_point#coral_sea_islands#unnamed location on Cato Island 6 m)
(geography_natural_resources#coral_sea_islands#negligible)
(geography_land_use_arable_land#coral_sea_islands#0%)
(geography_land_use_permanent_crops#coral_sea_islands#0%)
(geography_land_use_meadows_and_pastures#coral_sea_islands#0%)
(geography_land_use_forest_and_woodland#coral_sea_islands#0%)
(geography_land_use_other#coral_sea_islands#100% {mostly grass or scrub cover})
(geography_irrigated_land#coral_sea_islands#0 sq km)
(geography_environment_current_issues#coral_sea_islands#no permanent fresh water resources)
(geography_environment_natural_hazards#coral_sea_islands#occasional, tropical cyclones)
(geography_environment_international_agreements#coral_sea_islands#NA)
(geography_geographic_note#coral_sea_islands#important nesting area for birds and turtles)
(people_population#coral_sea_islands#no indigenous inhabitants; note - there are three meteorologists)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_long_form#coral_sea_islands#Coral Sea Islands Territory)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_short_form#coral_sea_islands#Coral Sea Islands)
(government_data_code#coral_sea_islands#CR)
(government_type_of_government#coral_sea_islands#territory of Australia administered by the Ministry for Environment, Sport, and Territories)
(government_capital#coral_sea_islands#none; administered from Canberra, Australia)
(government_independence#coral_sea_islands#none {territory of Australia})
(government_flag#coral_sea_islands#the flag of Australia is used)
(economy_economic_overview#coral_sea_islands#no economic activity)
(transportation_ports#coral_sea_islands#none; offshore anchorage only)
(defense_defense_note#coral_sea_islands#defense is the responsibility of Australia; visited regularly by the Royal Australian Navy; Australia has control over the activities of visitors)
(geography_location#costa_rica#Middle America, bordering both the Caribbean Sea and the North Pacific Ocean, between Nicaragua and Panama)
(geography_geographic_coordinates#costa_rica#10 00 N, 84 00 W)
(geography_map_references#costa_rica#Central America and the Caribbean)
(geography_area_total_area#costa_rica#51,100 sq km)
(geography_area_land_area#costa_rica#50,660 sq km)
(geography_area_comparative_area#costa_rica#slightly smaller than West Virginia)
(geography_area_note#costa_rica#includes Isla del Coco)
(geography_land_boundaries_total#costa_rica#639 km)
(geography_land_boundaries_border_countries#costa_rica#Nicaragua 309 km, Panama 330 km)
(geography_coastline#costa_rica#1,290 km)
(geography_maritime_claims_exclusive_economic_zone#costa_rica#200 nm)
(geography_maritime_claims_territorial_sea#costa_rica#12 nm)
(geography_international_disputes#costa_rica#none)
(geography_climate#costa_rica#tropical; dry season {December to April}; rainy season {May to November})
(geography_terrain#costa_rica#coastal plains separated by rugged mountains)
(geography_terrain_lowest_point#costa_rica#Pacific Ocean 0 m)
(geography_terrain_highest_point#costa_rica#Cerro Chirripo 3,810 m)
(geography_natural_resources#costa_rica#hydropower potential)
(geography_land_use_arable_land#costa_rica#6%)
(geography_land_use_permanent_crops#costa_rica#7%)
(geography_land_use_meadows_and_pastures#costa_rica#45%)
(geography_land_use_forest_and_woodland#costa_rica#34%)
(geography_land_use_other#costa_rica#8%)
(geography_irrigated_land#costa_rica#1,180 sq km {1989 est.})
(geography_environment_current_issues#costa_rica#deforestation, largely a result of the clearing of land for cattle ranching; soil erosion)
(geography_environment_natural_hazards#costa_rica#occasional earthquakes, hurricanes along Atlantic coast; frequent flooding of lowlands at onset of rainy season; active volcanoes)
(geography_environment_international_agreements#costa_rica#party to - Biodiversity, Climate Change, Endangered Species, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands; signed, but not ratified - Desertification, Hazardous Wastes, Marine Life Conservation)
(people_population#costa_rica#3,463,083 {July 1996 est.})
(people_age_structure_0-14_years#costa_rica#35% {male 612,624; female 582,566})
(people_age_structure_15-64_years#costa_rica#61% {male 1,061,703; female 1,038,403})
(people_age_structure_65_years_and_over#costa_rica#4% {male 77,773; female 90,014} {July 1996 est.})
(people_population_growth_rate#costa_rica#2.06% {1996 est.})
(people_birth_rate#costa_rica#23.84 births/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_death_rate#costa_rica#4.14 deaths/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_net_migration_rate#costa_rica#0.92 migrant{s}/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_sex_ratio_at_birth#costa_rica#1.05 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_under_15_years#costa_rica#1.05 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_15-64_years#costa_rica#1.02 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_65_years_and_over#costa_rica#0.86 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_all_ages#costa_rica#1.02 male{s}/female {1996 est.})
(people_infant_mortality_rate#costa_rica#13.5 deaths/1,000 live births {1996 est.})
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_total_population#costa_rica#75.72 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_male#costa_rica#73.31 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_female#costa_rica#78.24 years {1996 est.})
(people_total_fertility_rate#costa_rica#2.9 children born/woman {1996 est.})
(people_nationality_noun#costa_rica#Costa Rican{s})
(people_nationality_adjective#costa_rica#Costa Rican)
(people_ethnic_divisions#costa_rica#white {including mestizo} 96%, black 2%, Indian 1%, Chinese 1%)
(people_religions#costa_rica#Roman Catholic 95%)
(people_languages#costa_rica#Spanish {official}, English spoken around Puerto Limon)
(people_literacy#costa_rica#age 15 and over can read and write {1995 est.})
(people_literacy_total_population#costa_rica#94.8%)
(people_literacy_male#costa_rica#94.7%)
(people_literacy_female#costa_rica#95%)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_long_form#costa_rica#Republic of Costa Rica)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_short_form#costa_rica#Costa Rica)
(government_name_of_country_local_long_form#costa_rica#Republica de Costa Rica)
(government_name_of_country_local_short_form#costa_rica#Costa Rica)
(government_data_code#costa_rica#CS)
(government_type_of_government#costa_rica#democratic republic)
(government_capital#costa_rica#San Jose)
(government_administrative_divisions#costa_rica#7 provinces {provincias, singular - provincia}; Alajuela, Cartago, Guanacaste, Heredia, Limon, Puntarenas, San Jose)
(government_independence#costa_rica#15 September 1821 {from Spain})
(government_national_holiday#costa_rica#Independence Day, 15 September {1821})
(government_constitution#costa_rica#9 November 1949)
(government_legal_system#costa_rica#based on Spanish civil law system; judicial review of legislative acts in the Supreme Court; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction)
(government_suffrage#costa_rica#18 years of age; universal and compulsory)
(government_executive_branch_chief_of_state_and_head_of_government#costa_rica#President Jose Maria FIGUERES Olsen {since 8 May 1994}, First Vice President Rodrigo OREAMUNO Blanco {since 8 May 1994}, Second Vice President Rebeca GRYNSPAN Mayufis {since 8 May 1994} were elected for four-year terms by universal suffrage; election last held 6 February 1994 {next to be held NA February 1998}; results - President FIGUERES {PLN} 49.7%, Miquel Angel RODRIGUEZ {PUSC} 47.5%)
(government_executive_branch_cabinet#costa_rica#Cabinet selected by the president)
(government_legislative_branch#costa_rica#unicameral)
(government_legislative_assembly_{asamblea_legislativa}#costa_rica#elections last held 6 February 1994 {next to be held NA February 1998}; results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - {61 total} PLN 28, PUSC 29, minority parties 4)
(government_judicial_branch#costa_rica#Supreme Court {Corte Suprema}, justices are elected for eight-year terms by the Legislative Assembly)
(government_political_parties_and_leaders#costa_rica#National Liberation Party {PLN}, Rolando ARAYA; Social Christian Unity Party {PUSC}, Rafael Angel CALDERON Fournier; Marxist Popular Vanguard Party {PVP}, Humberto VARGAS Carbonell; New Republic Movement {MNR}, Sergio Erick ARDON Ramirez; People's Party of Costa Rica {PPC}, Lenin CHACON Vargas; Radical Democratic Party {PRD}, Juan Jose ECHEVERRIA Brealey; Democratic Force Party {FD}, Isaac Felipe AZOFEIFA Bolanos)
(government_other_political_or_pressure_groups#costa_rica#Costa Rican Confederation of Democratic Workers {CCTD}, Liberation Party affiliate; Confederated Union of Workers {CUT}, Communist Party affiliate; Authentic Confederation of Democratic Workers {CATD}, Communist Party affiliate; Chamber of Coffee Growers; National Association for Economic Development {ANFE}; Free Costa Rica Movement {MCRL}, rightwing militants; National Association of Educators {ANDE}; Federation of Public Service Workers {FTSP})
(government_international_organization_participation#costa_rica#AG {observer}, BCIE, CACM, ECLAC, FAO, G-77, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ITU, LAES, LAIA {observer}, NAM {observer}, OAS, OPANAL, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNU, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTrO)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_chief_of_mission#costa_rica#Ambassador Sonia PICADO)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_chancery#costa_rica#2114 S Street NW, Washington, DC 20008)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_telephone#costa_rica#[1] {202} 234-2945)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_fax#costa_rica#[1] {202} 265-4795)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_consulate{s}_general#costa_rica#Albuquerque, Atlanta, Chicago, Durham, Houston, Los Angeles, Miami, New Orleans, New York, Philadelphia, San Antonio, San Diego, San Francisco, and San Juan {Puerto Rico})
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_consulate{s}#costa_rica#Austin)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_chief_of_mission#costa_rica#Ambassador Peter Jon DE VOS)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_embassy#costa_rica#Pavas Road, San Jose)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_mailing_address#costa_rica#APO AA 34020)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_telephone#costa_rica#[506] 220-3939)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_fax#costa_rica#[506] 220-2305)
(government_flag#costa_rica#five horizontal bands of blue {top}, white, red {double width}, white, and blue, with the coat of arms in a white disk on the hoist side of the red band)
(economy_economic_overview#costa_rica#Costa Rica's basically stable and progressive economy depends especially on tourism and the export of bananas, coffee, and other agricultural products. Recent trends have been disappointing. Economic growth slipped from 4.3% in 1994 to 2.5% in 1995, the lowest rate of growth since 1991's 2.1%. Inflation rose dramatically to 22.5% from 13.5% in 1994, well above the government's own projection of 18%. Unemployment rose from 4.0% in 1994 to 5.2% in 1995, and substantial underemployment continues. These economic woes are likely to be exacerbated in 1996 by a standby arrangement reached with the IMF on 29 November 1995. To restore fiscal balance, the government agreed to curb inflation, reduce the fiscal deficit, increase domestic savings, and improve public sector efficiency while increasing the role of the private sector. Costa Rica signed a free trade agreement with Mexico in 1994.)
(economy_gdp#costa_rica#purchasing power parity - $18.4 billion {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_real_growth_rate#costa_rica#2.5% {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_per_capita#costa_rica#$5,400 {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_agriculture#costa_rica#NA%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_industry#costa_rica#NA%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_services#costa_rica#NA%)
(economy_inflation_rate_{consumer_prices}#costa_rica#22.5% {1995 est.})
(economy_labor_force#costa_rica#868,300)
(economy_labor_force_by_occupation#costa_rica#industry and commerce 35.1%, government and services 33%, agriculture 27%, other 4.9% {1985 est.})
(economy_unemployment_rate#costa_rica#5.2% {1995 est.}; much underemployment)
(economy_budget_revenues#costa_rica#$1.1 billion)
(economy_budget_expenditures#costa_rica#$1.34 billion, including capital expenditures of $110 million {1991 est.})
(economy_industries#costa_rica#food processing, textiles and clothing, construction materials, fertilizer, plastic products)
(economy_industrial_production_growth_rate#costa_rica#10.5% {1992})
(economy_electricity_capacity#costa_rica#1,040,000 kW)
(economy_electricity_production#costa_rica#4.1 billion kWh)
(economy_electricity_consumption_per_capita#costa_rica#1,164 kWh {1993})
(economy_agriculture#costa_rica#coffee, bananas, sugar, corn, rice, beans, potatoes; beef; timber {depletion of forest resources has resulted in declining timber output})
(economy_illicit_drugs#costa_rica#transshipment country for cocaine and heroin from South America; illicit production of cannabis on small, scattered plots)
(economy_exports#costa_rica#$2.4 billion {f.o.b., 1995 est.})
(economy_exports_commodities#costa_rica#coffee, bananas, textiles, sugar)
(economy_exports_partners#costa_rica#US, Germany, Italy, Guatemala, El Salvador, Netherlands, UK, France)
(economy_imports#costa_rica#$3 billion {c.i.f., 1995 est.})
(economy_imports_commodities#costa_rica#raw materials, consumer goods, capital equipment, petroleum)
(economy_imports_partners#costa_rica#US, Japan, Mexico, Guatemala, Venezuela, Germany)
(economy_external_debt#costa_rica#$4 billion {1995 est.})
(economy_economic_aid_recipient#costa_rica#ODA, $NA)
(economy_currency#costa_rica#1 Costa Rican colon {C} = 100 centimos)
(economy_exchange_rates#costa_rica#Costa Rican colones {C} per US$1 - 193.93 {December 1995}, 179.73 {1995}, 157.07 {1994}, 142.17 {1993}, 134.51 {1992}, 122.43 {1991})
(economy_fiscal_year#costa_rica#calendar year)
(transportation_railways_total#costa_rica#950 km)
(transportation_railways_narrow_gauge#costa_rica#950 km 1.067-m gauge {260 km electrified})
(transportation_railways_note#costa_rica#the entire system was scheduled to be shut down on 31 June !995 because of insolvency)
(transportation_highways_total#costa_rica#35,560 km)
(transportation_highways_paved#costa_rica#5,608 km)
(transportation_highways_unpaved#costa_rica#29,952 km {1992 est.})
(transportation_waterways#costa_rica#about 730 km, seasonally navigable)
(transportation_pipelines#costa_rica#petroleum products 176 km)
(transportation_ports#costa_rica#Caldera, Golfito, Moin, Puerto Limon, Puerto Quepos, Puntarenas)
(transportation_merchant_marine#costa_rica#none)
(transportation_airports_total#costa_rica#145)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_2,438_to_3,047_m#costa_rica#2)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_1,524_to_2,437_m#costa_rica#1)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_914_to_1,523_m#costa_rica#16)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_under_914_m#costa_rica#97)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_914_to_1,523_m#costa_rica#29 {1995 est.})
(communications_telephones#costa_rica#281,042 {1983 est.})
(communications_telephone_system#costa_rica#very good domestic telephone service)
(communications_telephone_system_domestic#costa_rica#NA)
(communications_telephone_system_international#costa_rica#connected to Central American Microwave System; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat {Atlantic Ocean})
(communications_radio_broadcast_stations#costa_rica#AM 71, FM 0, shortwave 13)
(communications_radios#costa_rica#NA)
(communications_television_broadcast_stations#costa_rica#18)
(communications_televisions#costa_rica#340,000 {1993 est.})
(defense_branches#costa_rica#Civil Guard, Coast Guard, Air Section, Rural Assistance Guard; note - the Constitution prohibits armed forces)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_age_15-49#costa_rica#917,566)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_fit_for_military_service#costa_rica#616,420)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_reach_military_age_{18}_annually#costa_rica#33,504 {1996 est.})
(defense_defense_expenditures#costa_rica#exchange rate conversion - $55 million, 2.0% of GDP {1995})
(header_affiliation#cote_d'ivoire#{also known as Ivory Coast})
(geography_location#cote_d'ivoire#Western Africa, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean, between Ghana and Liberia)
(geography_geographic_coordinates#cote_d'ivoire#8 00 N, 5 00 W)
(geography_map_references#cote_d'ivoire#Africa)
(geography_area_total_area#cote_d'ivoire#322,460 sq km)
(geography_area_land_area#cote_d'ivoire#318,000 sq km)
(geography_area_comparative_area#cote_d'ivoire#slightly larger than New Mexico)
(geography_land_boundaries_total#cote_d'ivoire#3,110 km)
(geography_land_boundaries_border_countries#cote_d'ivoire#Burkina Faso 584 km, Ghana 668 km, Guinea 610 km, Liberia 716 km, Mali 532 km)
(geography_coastline#cote_d'ivoire#515 km)
(geography_maritime_claims_continental_shelf#cote_d'ivoire#200 nm)
(geography_maritime_claims_exclusive_economic_zone#cote_d'ivoire#200 nm)
(geography_maritime_claims_territorial_sea#cote_d'ivoire#12 nm)
(geography_international_disputes#cote_d'ivoire#none)
(geography_climate#cote_d'ivoire#tropical along coast, semiarid in far north; three seasons - warm and dry {November to March}, hot and dry {March to May}, hot and wet {June to October})
(geography_terrain#cote_d'ivoire#mostly flat to undulating plains; mountains in northwest)
(geography_terrain_lowest_point#cote_d'ivoire#Atlantic Ocean 0 m)
(geography_terrain_highest_point#cote_d'ivoire#Mont Nimba 1,752 m)
(geography_natural_resources#cote_d'ivoire#petroleum, diamonds, manganese, iron ore, cobalt, bauxite, copper)
(geography_land_use_arable_land#cote_d'ivoire#9%)
(geography_land_use_permanent_crops#cote_d'ivoire#4%)
(geography_land_use_meadows_and_pastures#cote_d'ivoire#9%)
(geography_land_use_forest_and_woodland#cote_d'ivoire#26%)
(geography_land_use_other#cote_d'ivoire#52%)
(geography_irrigated_land#cote_d'ivoire#620 sq km {1989 est.})
(geography_environment_current_issues#cote_d'ivoire#deforestation {most of the country's forests - once the largest in West Africa - have been cleared by the timber industry}; water pollution from sewage and industrial and agricultural effluents)
(geography_environment_natural_hazards#cote_d'ivoire#coast has heavy surf and no natural harbors; during the rainy season torrential flooding is possible)
(geography_environment_international_agreements#cote_d'ivoire#party to - Biodiversity, Climate Change, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83; signed, but not ratified - Desertification)
(people_population#cote_d'ivoire#14,762,445 {July 1996 est.})
(people_age_structure_0-14_years#cote_d'ivoire#48% {male 3,552,270; female 3,462,462})
(people_age_structure_15-64_years#cote_d'ivoire#50% {male 3,828,538; female 3,599,920})
(people_age_structure_65_years_and_over#cote_d'ivoire#2% {male 164,358; female 154,897} {July 1996 est.})
(people_population_growth_rate#cote_d'ivoire#2.92% {1996 est.})
(people_birth_rate#cote_d'ivoire#42.48 births/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_death_rate#cote_d'ivoire#15.7 deaths/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_net_migration_rate#cote_d'ivoire#2.43 migrant{s}/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_net_migration_rate_note#cote_d'ivoire#since 1989, over 350,000 refugees have fled to Cote d'Ivoire to escape the civil war in Liberia)
(people_sex_ratio_at_birth#cote_d'ivoire#1.03 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_under_15_years#cote_d'ivoire#1.03 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_15-64_years#cote_d'ivoire#1.06 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_65_years_and_over#cote_d'ivoire#1.06 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_all_ages#cote_d'ivoire#1.04 male{s}/female {1996 est.})
(people_infant_mortality_rate#cote_d'ivoire#82.4 deaths/1,000 live births {1996 est.})
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_total_population#cote_d'ivoire#46.73 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_male#cote_d'ivoire#46.23 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_female#cote_d'ivoire#47.25 years {1996 est.})
(people_total_fertility_rate#cote_d'ivoire#6.15 children born/woman {1996 est.})
(people_nationality_noun#cote_d'ivoire#Ivorian{s})
(people_nationality_adjective#cote_d'ivoire#Ivorian)
(people_ethnic_divisions#cote_d'ivoire#Baoule 23%, Bete 18%, Senoufou 15%, Malinke 11%, Agni, foreign Africans {mostly Burkinabe and Malians, about 3 million}, non-Africans 130,000 to 330,000 {French 30,000 and Lebanese 100,000 to 300,000})
(people_religions#cote_d'ivoire#indigenous 25%, Muslim 60%, Christian 12%)
(people_languages#cote_d'ivoire#French {official}, 60 native dialects with Dioula the most widely spoken)
(people_literacy#cote_d'ivoire#age 15 and over can read and write {1995 est.})
(people_literacy_total_population#cote_d'ivoire#40.1%)
(people_literacy_male#cote_d'ivoire#49.9%)
(people_literacy_female#cote_d'ivoire#30%)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_long_form#cote_d'ivoire#Republic of Cote d'Ivoire)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_short_form#cote_d'ivoire#Cote d'Ivoire)
(government_name_of_country_local_long_form#cote_d'ivoire#Republique de Cote d'Ivoire)
(government_name_of_country_local_short_form#cote_d'ivoire#Cote d'Ivoire)
(government_name_of_country_former#cote_d'ivoire#Ivory Coast)
(government_data_code#cote_d'ivoire#IV)
(government_type_of_government#cote_d'ivoire#republic; multiparty presidential regime established 1960)
(government_capital#cote_d'ivoire#Yamoussoukro)
(government_capital_note#cote_d'ivoire#although Yamoussoukro has been the capital since 1983, Abidjan remains the administrative center; foreign governments, including the US, maintain official presences in Abidjan)
(government_administrative_divisions#cote_d'ivoire#50 departments {departements, singular - departement}; Abengourou, Abidjan, Aboisso, Adzope, Agboville, Agnibilekrou, Bangolo, Beoumi, Biankouma, Bondoukou, Bongouanou, Bouafle, Bouake, Bouna, Boundiali, Dabakala, Daloa, Danane, Daoukro, Dimbokro, Divo, Duekoue, Ferkessedougou, Gagnoa, Grand-Lahou, Guiglo, Issia, Katiola, Korhogo, Lakota, Man, Mankono, Mbahiakro, Odienne, Oume, Sakassou, San-Pedro, Sassandra, Seguela, Sinfra, Soubre, Tabou, Tanda, Tingrela, Tiassale, Touba, Toumodi, Vavoua, Yamoussoukro, Zuenoula)
(government_independence#cote_d'ivoire#7 August 1960 {from France})
(government_national_holiday#cote_d'ivoire#National Day, 7 August)
(government_constitution#cote_d'ivoire#3 November 1960; has been amended numerous times, last time November 1990)
(government_legal_system#cote_d'ivoire#based on French civil law system and customary law; judicial review in the Constitutional Chamber of the Supreme Court; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction)
(government_suffrage#cote_d'ivoire#21 years of age; universal)
(government_executive_branch_chief_of_state#cote_d'ivoire#President Henri Konan BEDIE {since 7 December 1993} served the remainder of the term of former President Felix HOUPHOUET-BOIGNY, who died in office after continuous service from November 1960; President BEDIE was elected with 96% of the vote at the last election on 22 October 1995 {next election October 2000}; the president is elected for a five-year term by popular vote)
(government_executive_branch_head_of_government#cote_d'ivoire#Prime Minister Daniel Kablan DUNCAN {since 10 December 1993}, appointed by the president)
(government_executive_branch_cabinet#cote_d'ivoire#Council of Ministers, appointed by the prime minister)
(government_legislative_branch#cote_d'ivoire#unicameral)
(government_national_assembly_{assemblee_nationale}#cote_d'ivoire#elections last held 27 November 1995 {next to be held November 2000}; results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - {175 total} PDCI 147, RDR 14, FPI 10, unfilled 4; note - of the unfilled seats, elections for 3 were postponed because of violence in the electoral districts and 1 seat remains contested)
(government_judicial_branch#cote_d'ivoire#Supreme Court {Cour Supreme})
(government_political_parties_and_leaders#cote_d'ivoire#Democratic Party of the Cote d'Ivoire {PDCI}, Henri Konan BEDIE; Rally of the Republicans {RDR}, Djeny KOBINA; Ivorian Popular Front {FPI}, Laurent GBAGBO; Ivorian Worker's Party {PIT}, Francis WODIE; Ivorian Socialist Party {PSI}, Morifere BAMBA; over 20 smaller parties)
(government_international_organization_participation#cote_d'ivoire#ACCT, ACP, AfDB, CCC, ECA, ECOWAS, Entente, FAO, FZ, G-24, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, ITU, NAM, OAU, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNITAR, UPU, WADB, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_chief_of_mission#cote_d'ivoire#Ambassador Moise KOUMOUE-KOFFI)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_chancery#cote_d'ivoire#2424 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_telephone#cote_d'ivoire#[1] {202} 797-0300)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_chief_of_mission#cote_d'ivoire#Ambassador Lannon WALKER)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_embassy#cote_d'ivoire#5 Rue Jesse Owens, Abidjan)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_mailing_address#cote_d'ivoire#01 B. P. 1712, Abidjan)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_telephone#cote_d'ivoire#[225] 21 09 79)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_fax#cote_d'ivoire#[225] 22 32 59)
(government_flag#cote_d'ivoire#three equal vertical bands of orange {hoist side}, white, and green; similar to the flag of Ireland, which is longer and has the colors reversed - green {hoist side}, white, and orange; also similar to the flag of Italy, which is green {hoist side}, white, and red; design was based on the flag of France)
(economy_economic_overview#cote_d'ivoire#Cote d'Ivoire is among the world's largest producers and exporters of coffee, cocoa beans, and palm-kernel oil. Consequently, the economy is highly sensitive to fluctuations in international prices for coffee and cocoa and to weather conditions. Despite attempts by the government to diversify, the economy is still largely dependent on agriculture and related industries. After several years of lagging performance, the Ivorian economy began a comeback in 1994, due to improved prices for cocoa and coffee, growth in nontraditional primary exports such as pineapples and rubber, trade and banking liberalization, offshore oil and gas discoveries, and generous external financing and debt rescheduling by multilateral lenders and France. The 50% devaluation of Franc Zone currencies on 12 January 1994 caused a one-time jump in the inflation rate to 32% for 1994, but this rate fell to perhaps 10% in 1995, in part as the economy adjusted to the devaluation. Moreover, government adherence to donor-mandated reforms led to a budget surplus in 1994. Real growth of GDP in 1994 was 1.7%, a significant improvement following several years of negative growth. In 1995 growth picked up to 5%.)
(economy_gdp#cote_d'ivoire#purchasing power parity - $21.9 billion {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_real_growth_rate#cote_d'ivoire#5% {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_per_capita#cote_d'ivoire#$1,500 {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_agriculture#cote_d'ivoire#37%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_industry#cote_d'ivoire#24%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_services#cote_d'ivoire#39% {1993})
(economy_inflation_rate_{consumer_prices}#cote_d'ivoire#10% {1995 est.})
(economy_labor_force#cote_d'ivoire#5.718 million)
(economy_labor_force_by_occupation#cote_d'ivoire#over 85% of population engaged in agriculture, forestry, livestock raising; about 11% of labor force are wage earners, nearly half in agriculture and the remainder in government, industry, commerce, and professions)
(economy_unemployment_rate#cote_d'ivoire#NA%)
(economy_budget_revenues#cote_d'ivoire#$1.9 billion)
(economy_budget_expenditures#cote_d'ivoire#$3.4 billion, including capital expenditures of $408 million {1993})
(economy_industries#cote_d'ivoire#foodstuffs, beverages; wood products, oil refining, automobile assembly, textiles, fertilizer, construction materials, electricity)
(economy_industrial_production_growth_rate#cote_d'ivoire#NA%)
(economy_electricity_capacity#cote_d'ivoire#1,170,000 kW)
(economy_electricity_production#cote_d'ivoire#1.8 billion kWh)
(economy_electricity_consumption_per_capita#cote_d'ivoire#123 kWh {1993})
(economy_agriculture#cote_d'ivoire#coffee, cocoa beans, bananas, palm kernels, corn, rice, manioc, sweet potatoes, sugar; cotton, rubber; timber)
(economy_illicit_drugs#cote_d'ivoire#illicit producer of cannabis; mostly for local consumption; some international drug trade; transshipment point for Southwest and Southeast Asian heroin to Europe and occasionally to the US)
(economy_exports#cote_d'ivoire#$2.9 billion {f.o.b., 1994 est.})
(economy_exports_commodities#cote_d'ivoire#cocoa 55%, coffee 12%, tropical woods 11%, petroleum, cotton, bananas, pineapples, palm oil, cotton, fish)
(economy_exports_partners#cote_d'ivoire#France, Netherlands, Germany, Italy, Burkina Faso, US, UK)
(economy_imports#cote_d'ivoire#$1.6 billion {f.o.b., 1994 est.})
(economy_imports_commodities#cote_d'ivoire#food, capital goods, consumer goods, fuel)
(economy_imports_partners#cote_d'ivoire#France, Nigeria, Japan, Netherlands, US, Italy)
(economy_external_debt#cote_d'ivoire#$19 billion {1993})
(economy_economic_aid_recipient#cote_d'ivoire#ODA, $552 million {1993})
(economy_currency#cote_d'ivoire#1 Communaute Financiere Africaine franc {CFAF} = 100 centimes)
(economy_exchange_rates#cote_d'ivoire#CFA francs {CFAF} per US$1 - 500.56 {January 1996}, 499.15 {1995}, 555.20 {1994}, 283.16 {1993}, 264.69 {1992}, 282.11 {1991})
(economy_exchange_rates_note#cote_d'ivoire#beginning 12 January 1994, the CFA franc was devalued to CFAF 100 per French franc from CFAF 50 at which it had been fixed since 1948)
(economy_fiscal_year#cote_d'ivoire#calendar year)
(transportation_railways_total#cote_d'ivoire#660 km {1995 est.})
(transportation_railways_narrow_gauge#cote_d'ivoire#660 km 1.000-meter gauge; 25 km double track)
(transportation_highways_total#cote_d'ivoire#46,331 km)
(transportation_highways_paved#cote_d'ivoire#3,579 km)
(transportation_highways_unpaved#cote_d'ivoire#42,752 km {1984 est.})
(transportation_waterways#cote_d'ivoire#980 km navigable rivers, canals, and numerous coastal lagoons)
(transportation_ports#cote_d'ivoire#Abidjan, Aboisso, Dabou, San-Pedro)
(transportation_merchant_marine_total#cote_d'ivoire#3 ships {1,000 GRT or over} totaling 27,726 GRT/34,711 DWT)
(transportation_merchant_marine_ships_by_type#cote_d'ivoire#container 2, oil tanker 1 {1995 est.})
(transportation_airports_total#cote_d'ivoire#35)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_over_3,047_m#cote_d'ivoire#1)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_2,438_to_3,047_m#cote_d'ivoire#2)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_1,524_to_2,437_m#cote_d'ivoire#4)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_under_914_m#cote_d'ivoire#10)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_1,524_to_2,437_m#cote_d'ivoire#6)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_914_to_1,523_m#cote_d'ivoire#12 {1995 est.})
(communications_telephones#cote_d'ivoire#87,700 {1987 est.})
(communications_telephone_system#cote_d'ivoire#well-developed by African standards but operating well below capacity)
(communications_telephone_system_domestic#cote_d'ivoire#open-wire lines and microwave radio relay)
(communications_telephone_system_international#cote_d'ivoire#satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat {1 Atlantic Ocean and 1 Indian Ocean}; 2 coaxial submarine cables)
(communications_radio_broadcast_stations#cote_d'ivoire#AM 71, FM 0, shortwave 13)
(communications_radios#cote_d'ivoire#NA)
(communications_television_broadcast_stations#cote_d'ivoire#18)
(communications_televisions#cote_d'ivoire#810,000 {1993 est.})
(defense_branches#cote_d'ivoire#Army, Navy, Air Force, paramilitary Gendarmerie, Presidential Guard)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_age_15-49#cote_d'ivoire#3,386,638)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_fit_for_military_service#cote_d'ivoire#1,762,412)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_reach_military_age_{18}_annually#cote_d'ivoire#157,712 {1996 est.})
(defense_defense_expenditures#cote_d'ivoire#exchange rate conversion - $140 million, 1.4% of GDP {1993})
(geography_location#croatia#Southeastern Europe, bordering the Adriatic Sea, between Bosnia and Herzegovina and Slovenia)
(geography_geographic_coordinates#croatia#45 10 N, 15 30 E)
(geography_map_references#croatia#Europe)
(geography_area_total_area#croatia#56,538 sq km)
(geography_area_land_area#croatia#56,410 sq km)
(geography_area_comparative_area#croatia#slightly smaller than West Virginia)
(geography_land_boundaries_total#croatia#2,073 km)
(geography_land_boundaries_border_countries#croatia#Bosnia and Herzegovina 932 km, Hungary 329 km, Serbia and Montenegro 266 km {241 km with Serbia; 25 km with Montenego}, Slovenia 546 km)
(geography_coastline#croatia#5,790 km {mainland 1,778 km, islands 4,012 km})
(geography_maritime_claims_continental_shelf#croatia#200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation)
(geography_international_disputes#croatia#Eastern Slavonia, which was held by ethnic Serbs during the war, is currently being overseen by the UN Transitional Administration for Eastern Slavonia; reintegration of Eastern Slavonia into Croatia will occur in 1997; although Croatia does not recognize the "Federal Republic of Yugoslavia," both countries have agreed to open consular sections in each other's capitals; Croatia and Italy have not resolved a bilateral issue dating from WWII over property and ethnic minority rights; a border dispute with Slovenia is unresolved)
(geography_climate#croatia#Mediterranean and continental; continental climate predominant with hot summers and cold winters; mild winters, dry summers along coast)
(geography_terrain#croatia#geographically diverse; flat plains along Hungarian border, low mountains and highlands near Adriatic coast, coastline, and islands)
(geography_terrain_lowest_point#croatia#Adriatic Sea 0 m)
(geography_terrain_highest_point#croatia#Dinara 1,830 m)
(geography_natural_resources#croatia#oil, some coal, bauxite, low-grade iron ore, calcium, natural asphalt, silica, mica, clays, salt)
(geography_land_use_arable_land#croatia#32%)
(geography_land_use_permanent_crops#croatia#20%)
(geography_land_use_meadows_and_pastures#croatia#18%)
(geography_land_use_forest_and_woodland#croatia#15%)
(geography_land_use_other#croatia#15%)
(geography_irrigated_land#croatia#NA sq km)
(geography_environment_current_issues#croatia#air pollution {from metallurgical plants} and resulting acid rain is damaging the forests; coastal pollution from industrial and domestic waste; widespread casualties and destruction of infrastructure in border areas affected by civil strife)
(geography_environment_natural_hazards#croatia#frequent and destructive earthquakes)
(geography_environment_international_agreements#croatia#party to - Air Pollution, Hazardous Wastes, Marine Dumping, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands; signed, but not ratified - Air Pollution-Sulphur 94, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Law of the Sea)
(geography_geographic_note#croatia#controls most land routes from Western Europe to Aegean Sea and Turkish Straits)
(people_population#croatia#5,004,112 {July 1996 est.})
(people_age_structure_0-14_years#croatia#18% {male 453,142; female 431,118})
(people_age_structure_15-64_years#croatia#69% {male 1,731,200; female 1,716,824})
(people_age_structure_65_years_and_over#croatia#13% {male 252,897; female 418,931} {July 1996 est.})
(people_population_growth_rate#croatia#0.58% {1996 est.})
(people_birth_rate#croatia#9.83 births/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_death_rate#croatia#11.33 deaths/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_net_migration_rate#croatia#7.31 migrant{s}/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_sex_ratio_at_birth#croatia#1.06 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_under_15_years#croatia#1.05 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_15-64_years#croatia#1.01 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_65_years_and_over#croatia#0.6 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_all_ages#croatia#0.95 male{s}/female {1996 est.})
(people_infant_mortality_rate#croatia#10.2 deaths/1,000 live births {1996 est.})
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_total_population#croatia#72.81 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_male#croatia#69.13 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_female#croatia#76.72 years {1996 est.})
(people_total_fertility_rate#croatia#1.4 children born/woman {1996 est.})
(people_nationality_noun#croatia#Croat{s})
(people_nationality_adjective#croatia#Croatian)
(people_ethnic_divisions#croatia#Croat 78%, Serb 12%, Muslim 0.9%, Hungarian 0.5%, Slovenian 0.5%, others 8.1% {1991})
(people_religions#croatia#Catholic 76.5%, Orthodox 11.1%, Slavic Muslim 1.2%, Protestant 0.4%, others and unknown 10.8%)
(people_languages#croatia#Serbo-Croatian 96%, other 4% {including Italian, Hungarian, Czechoslovak, and German})
(people_literacy#croatia#age 15 and over can read and write {1991 est.})
(people_literacy_total_population#croatia#97%)
(people_literacy_male#croatia#99%)
(people_literacy_female#croatia#95%)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_long_form#croatia#Republic of Croatia)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_short_form#croatia#Croatia)
(government_name_of_country_local_long_form#croatia#Republika Hrvatska)
(government_name_of_country_local_short_form#croatia#Hrvatska)
(government_data_code#croatia#HR)
(government_type_of_government#croatia#parliamentary democracy)
(government_capital#croatia#Zagreb)
(government_administrative_divisions#croatia#21 counties {zupanijas, zupanija - singular}: Bjelovar-Bilogora, City of Zagreb, Dubrovnik-Neretva, Istra, Karlovac, Koprivnica-Krizevci, Krapina-Zagorje, Lika-Senj, Medimurje, Osijek-Baranja, Pozega-Slavonija, Primorje-Gorski Kotar, Sibenik, Sisak-Moslavina, Slavonski Brod-Posavina, Split-Dalmatia, Varazdin, Virovitica-Podravina, Vukovar-Srijem, Zadar-Knin, Zagreb)
(government_independence#croatia#25 June 1991 {from Yugoslavia})
(government_national_holiday#croatia#Statehood Day, 30 May {1990})
(government_constitution#croatia#adopted on 22 December 1990)
(government_legal_system#croatia#based on civil law system)
(government_suffrage#croatia#18 years of age; universal {16 years of age, if employed})
(government_executive_branch_chief_of_state#croatia#President Franjo TUDJMAN {since 30 May 1990} was elected for a five-year term by universal suffrage; election last held 4 August 1992 {next to be held NA 1997}; results - Franjo TUDJMAN reelected with about 56% of the vote; his opponent Dobroslav PARAGA received 5% of the vote)
(government_executive_branch_head_of_government#croatia#Prime Minister Zlatko MATESA {since NA November 1995} and Deputy Prime Ministers Mate GRANIC {since 8 September 1992}, Ivica KOSTOVIC {since 14 October 1993}, Jure RADIC {since NA October 1994}, Borislav SKEGRO {since 3 April 1993}, and Ljerka MINTAS-HODAS {since November 1995} were appointed by the president)
(government_executive_branch_cabinet#croatia#Council of Ministers was appointed by the president)
(government_legislative_branch#croatia#bicameral parliament Assembly {Sabor})
(government_house_of_districts_{zupanije_dom}#croatia#elections last held 7 and 21 February 1993 {next to be held NA February 1997}; results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - {68 total; 63 elected, 5 presidentially appointed} HDZ 37, HSLS 16, HSS 5, Istrian Democratic Assembly 3, SPH-SDP 1, HNS 1)
(government_house_of_representatives_{zastupnicki_dom}#croatia#elections last held 29 October 1995 {next to be held NA 1999}; results - HDZ 45.23%, HSS/IDS/HNS/HKDU/SBHS 18.26%, HSLS 11.55%, SDP 8.93%, HSP 5.01%; seats - {127 total} HDZ 75, HSLS 12, HSS 10, SDP 10, IDS 4, HSP 4, HNS 2, SNS 2, HND 1, ASH 1, HKDU 1, SBHS 1, independents 4)
(government_judicial_branch#croatia#Supreme Court, judges appointed for eight-year terms by the Judicial Council of the Republic, which is elected by the Chamber of Representatives; Constitutional Court, judges appointed for eight-year terms by the Judicial Council of the Republic, which is elected by the Chamber of Representatives)
(government_political_parties_and_leaders#croatia#Croatian Democratic Union {HDZ}, Franjo TUDJMAN, president; Croatian Democratic Independents {HND}, Stjepan MESIC, president; Croatian Social Liberal Party {HSLS}, Vlado GOTOVAC, president; Social Democratic Party of Croatia {SDP}, Ivica RACAN; Croatian Party of Rights {HSP}, Ante DAPIC; Croatian Peasants' Party {HSS}, Josip PANKRETIC; Croatian People's Party {HNS}, Radimir CACIC, president; Serbian National Party {SNS}, Milan DJUKIC; Action of the Social Democrats of Croatia {ASH}, Miko TRIPALO; Croatian Christian Democratic Union {HKDU}, Marko VASELICA, president; Istrian Democratic Assembly {IDS}, Ivan JACKOVIC; Slanvonsko-Baranja Croatian Party {SBHS})
(government_other_political_or_pressure_groups#croatia#NA)
(government_international_organization_participation#croatia#CCC, CE {guest}, CEI, EBRD, ECE, FAO, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, NAM {observer}, OSCE, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO {applicant})
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_chief_of_mission#croatia#Ambassador Miomir ZUZUL)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_chancery#croatia#2343 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_telephone#croatia#[1] {202} 588-5899)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_fax#croatia#[1] {202} 588-8936)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_consulate{s}_general#croatia#New York)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_chief_of_mission#croatia#Ambassador Peter W. GALBRAITH)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_embassy#croatia#Andrije Hebranga 2, Zagreb)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_mailing_address#croatia#US Embassy, Zagreb, Unit 1345, APO AE 09213-1345)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_telephone#croatia#[385] {41} 455-55-00)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_fax#croatia#[385] {41} 455-85-85)
(government_flag#croatia#red, white, and blue horizontal bands with Croatian coat of arms {red and white checkered})
(economy_economic_overview#croatia#Before the dissolution of Yugoslavia, the Republic of Croatia, after Slovenia, was the most prosperous and industrialized area, with a per capita output perhaps one-third above the Yugoslav average. Croatia faces considerable economic problems stemming from: the legacy of longtime communist mismanagement of the economy; large foreign debt; damage during the internecine fighting to bridges, factories, power lines, buildings, and houses; the large refugee population, both Croatian and Bosnian; and the disruption of economic ties to Serbia and the other former Yugoslav republics, as well as within its own territory. Western aid and investment, especially in the tourist and oil industries, would help restore the economy. The government has been successful in some reform efforts including stabilization policies and has normalized relations with creditors. Yet it still is struggling with privatization of large state enterprises and with bank reform. The draft 1996 budget, which had raised concerns about inflation, capitalizes on the "peace dividend" to boost expenditures on the repair and upgrading of infrastructure.)
(economy_gdp#croatia#purchasing power parity - $20.1 billion {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_real_growth_rate#croatia#1.5% {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_per_capita#croatia#$4,300 {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_agriculture#croatia#12.7%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_industry#croatia#30.6%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_services#croatia#56.7% {1993 est.})
(economy_inflation_rate_{consumer_prices}#croatia#3.7% {1995})
(economy_labor_force#croatia#1.444 million {1995})
(economy_labor_force_by_occupation#croatia#industry and mining 31.1%, agriculture 4.3%, government 19.1% {including education and health}, other 45.5% {1993})
(economy_unemployment_rate#croatia#18.1% {January 1996})
(economy_budget_revenues#croatia#$3.86 billion)
(economy_budget_expenditures#croatia#$3.72 billion, including capital expenditures of $320 million {1994 est.})
(economy_industries#croatia#chemicals and plastics, machine tools, fabricated metal, electronics, pig iron and rolled steel products, aluminum, paper, wood products, construction materials, textiles, shipbuilding, petroleum and petroleum refining, food and beverages)
(economy_industrial_production_growth_rate#croatia#0.9% {1995 est.})
(economy_electricity_capacity#croatia#3,630,000 kW)
(economy_electricity_production#croatia#11.234 billion kWh)
(economy_electricity_consumption_per_capita#croatia#2,000 kWh {1993 est.})
(economy_agriculture#croatia#wheat, corn, sugar beets, sunflower seed, alfalfa, clover, olives, citrus, grapes, vegetables; livestock breeding, dairy farming)
(economy_illicit_drugs#croatia#transit point for Southwest Asian heroin to Western Europe)
(economy_exports#croatia#$4.3 billion {f.o.b., 1994})
(economy_exports_commodities#croatia#machinery and transport equipment 13.6%, miscellaneous manufactures 27.6%, chemicals 14.2%, food and live animals 12.2%, raw materials 6.1%, fuels and lubricants 9.4%, beverages and tobacco 2.7% {1993})
(economy_exports_partners#croatia#Germany 22.9%, Italy 21.2%, Slovenia 18.3% {1993})
(economy_imports#croatia#$5.2 billion {c.i.f., 1994})
(economy_imports_commodities#croatia#machinery and transport equipment 23.1%, fuels and lubricants 8.8%, food and live animals 9.0%, chemicals 14.2%, miscellaneous manufactured articles 16.0%, raw materials 3.5%, beverages and tobacco 1.4% {1993})
(economy_imports_partners#croatia#Germany, Italy, Slovenia, Iran)
(economy_external_debt#croatia#$3.15 billion {September 1995})
(economy_economic_aid_recipient#croatia#ODA, $NA)
(economy_economic_aid_note#croatia#IMF has given Croatia $192 million; World Bank has given Croatia $100 million)
(economy_currency#croatia#1 Croatian kuna {HRK} = 100 paras)
(economy_exchange_rates#croatia#Croatian kuna per US$1 - 5.405 {January 1996}, 5.230 {1995}, 5.996 {1994}, 3.577 {1993})
(economy_fiscal_year#croatia#calendar year)
(transportation_railways_total#croatia#2,699 km)
(transportation_railways_standard_gauge#croatia#2,699 km 1.435-m gauge {1213 km electrified})
(transportation_railways_note#croatia#disrupted by territorial dispute with Serbia {1994})
(transportation_highways_total#croatia#27,378 km)
(transportation_highways_paved#croatia#22,176 km {including 302 km of expressways})
(transportation_highways_unpaved#croatia#5,202 km {1991 est.})
(transportation_waterways#croatia#785 km perennially navigable)
(transportation_pipelines#croatia#crude oil 670 km; petroleum products 20 km; natural gas 310 km {1992}; note - under repair following territorial dispute)
(transportation_ports#croatia#Dubrovnik, Omisalj, Ploce, Pula, Rijeka, Sibenik, Split, Zadar)
(transportation_merchant_marine_total#croatia#39 ships {1,000 GRT or over} totaling 203,495 GRT/252,818 DWT)
(transportation_merchant_marine_ships_by_type#croatia#bulk 2, cargo 23, chemical tanker 1, container 3, oil tanker 1, passenger 2, refrigerated cargo 1, roll-on/roll-off cargo 2, short-sea passenger 4)
(transportation_merchant_marine_note#croatia#Croatia owns an additional 140 ships {1,000 GRT or over} totaling 3,368,035 DWT operating under the registries of Malta, Liberia, Cyprus, Panama, Antigua and Barbuda, The Bahamas, and Saint Vincent and the Grenadines {1995 est.})
(transportation_airports_total#croatia#68)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_over_3,047_m#croatia#2)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_2,438_to_3,047_m#croatia#6)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_1,524_to_2,437_m#croatia#2)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_914_to_1,523_m#croatia#3)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_under_914_m#croatia#47)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_1,524_to_2,437_m#croatia#1)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_914_to_1,523_m#croatia#7 {1995 est.})
(transportation_heliports#croatia#2 {1995 est.})
(communications_telephones#croatia#1.216 million {1993 est.})
(communications_telephone_system_domestic#croatia#NA)
(communications_telephone_system_international#croatia#no satellite earth stations)
(communications_radio_broadcast_stations#croatia#AM 14, FM 8, shortwave 0)
(communications_radios#croatia#1.1 million)
(communications_television_broadcast_stations#croatia#12 {repeaters 2})
(communications_televisions#croatia#1.52 million {1992 est.})
(defense_branches#croatia#Ground Forces, Naval Forces, Air and Air Defense Forces, Frontier Guard, Home Guard)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_age_15-49#croatia#1,314,718)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_fit_for_military_service#croatia#1,046,490)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_reach_military_age_{19}_annually#croatia#34,914 {1996 est.})
(defense_defense_expenditures#croatia#337 billion to 393 billion dinars, NA% of GDP {1993 est.}; note - conversion of defense expenditures into US dollars using the current exchange rate could produce misleading results)
(geography_location#cuba#Caribbean, island between the Caribbean Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean, south of Florida)
(geography_geographic_coordinates#cuba#21 30 N, 80 00 W)
(geography_map_references#cuba#Central America and the Caribbean)
(geography_area_total_area#cuba#110,860 sq km)
(geography_area_land_area#cuba#110,860 sq km)
(geography_area_comparative_area#cuba#slightly smaller than Pennsylvania)
(geography_land_boundaries_total#cuba#29 km)
(geography_land_boundaries_border_country#cuba#US Naval Base at Guantanamo Bay 29 km)
(geography_land_boundaries_note#cuba#Guantanamo Naval Base is leased by the US and thus remains part of Cuba)
(geography_coastline#cuba#3,735 km)
(geography_maritime_claims_exclusive_economic_zone#cuba#200 nm)
(geography_maritime_claims_territorial_sea#cuba#12 nm)
(geography_international_disputes#cuba#US Naval Base at Guantanamo Bay is leased to US and only mutual agreement or US abandonment of the area can terminate the lease)
(geography_climate#cuba#tropical; moderated by trade winds; dry season {November to April}; rainy season {May to October})
(geography_terrain#cuba#mostly flat to rolling plains with rugged hills and mountains in the southeast)
(geography_terrain_lowest_point#cuba#Caribbean Sea 0 m)
(geography_terrain_highest_point#cuba#Pico Turquino 2,005 m)
(geography_natural_resources#cuba#cobalt, nickel, iron ore, copper, manganese, salt, timber, silica, petroleum)
(geography_land_use_arable_land#cuba#23%)
(geography_land_use_permanent_crops#cuba#6%)
(geography_land_use_meadows_and_pastures#cuba#23%)
(geography_land_use_forest_and_woodland#cuba#17%)
(geography_land_use_other#cuba#31%)
(geography_irrigated_land#cuba#8,960 sq km {1989})
(geography_environment_current_issues#cuba#pollution of Havana Bay; overhunting threatens wildlife populations; deforestation)
(geography_environment_natural_hazards#cuba#the east coast is subject to hurricanes from August to October {in general, the country averages about one hurricane every other year}; droughts are common)
(geography_environment_international_agreements#cuba#party to - Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution; signed, but not ratified - Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Desertification, Marine Life Conservation)
(geography_geographic_note#cuba#largest country in Caribbean)
(people_population#cuba#10,951,334 {July 1996 est.})
(people_age_structure_0-14_years#cuba#22% {male 1,256,674; female 1,191,652})
(people_age_structure_15-64_years#cuba#68% {male 3,753,343; female 3,736,043})
(people_age_structure_65_years_and_over#cuba#10% {male 478,630; female 534,992} {July 1996 est.})
(people_population_growth_rate#cuba#0.44% {1996 est.})
(people_birth_rate#cuba#13.37 births/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_death_rate#cuba#7.39 deaths/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_net_migration_rate#cuba#-1.54 migrant{s}/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_sex_ratio_at_birth#cuba#1.06 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_under_15_years#cuba#1.06 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_15-64_years#cuba#1 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_65_years_and_over#cuba#0.9 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_all_ages#cuba#1 male{s}/female {1996 est.})
(people_infant_mortality_rate#cuba#9 deaths/1,000 live births {1996 est.})
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_total_population#cuba#75.05 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_male#cuba#72.71 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_female#cuba#77.54 years {1996 est.})
(people_total_fertility_rate#cuba#1.52 children born/woman {1996 est.})
(people_nationality_noun#cuba#Cuban{s})
(people_nationality_adjective#cuba#Cuban)
(people_ethnic_divisions#cuba#mulatto 51%, white 37%, black 11%, Chinese 1%)
(people_religions#cuba#nominally Roman Catholic 85% prior to CASTRO assuming power; Protestants, Jehovah's Witnesses, Jews, and Santeria are also represented)
(people_languages#cuba#Spanish)
(people_literacy#cuba#age 15 and over can read and write {1995 est.})
(people_literacy_total_population#cuba#95.7%)
(people_literacy_male#cuba#96.2%)
(people_literacy_female#cuba#95.3%)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_long_form#cuba#Republic of Cuba)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_short_form#cuba#Cuba)
(government_name_of_country_local_long_form#cuba#Republica de Cuba)
(government_name_of_country_local_short_form#cuba#Cuba)
(government_data_code#cuba#CU)
(government_type_of_government#cuba#Communist state)
(government_capital#cuba#Havana)
(government_administrative_divisions#cuba#14 provinces {provincias, singular - provincia} and 1 special municipality* {municipio especial}; Camaguey, Ciego de Avila, Cienfuegos, Ciudad de La Habana, Granma, Guantanamo, Holguin, Isla de la Juventud*, La Habana, Las Tunas, Matanzas, Pinar del Rio, Sancti Spiritus, Santiago de Cuba, Villa Clara)
(government_independence#cuba#20 May 1902 {from Spain 10 December 1898; administered by the US from 1898 to 1902})
(government_national_holiday#cuba#Rebellion Day, 26 July {1953}; Liberation Day, 1 January {1959})
(government_constitution#cuba#24 February 1976)
(government_legal_system#cuba#based on Spanish and American law, with large elements of Communist legal theory; does not accept compulsory ICJ jurisdiction)
(government_suffrage#cuba#16 years of age; universal)
(government_executive_branch_chief_of_state_and_head_of_government#cuba#President of the Council of State and President of the Council of Ministers Fidel CASTRO Ruz {prime minister from February 1959 until 24 February 1976 when office was abolished; president since 2 December 1976} and First Vice President of the Council of State and First Vice President of the Council of Ministers Gen. Raul CASTRO Ruz {since 2 December 1976} were elected by the National Assembly)
(government_executive_branch_cabinet#cuba#Council of Ministers were proposed by the president of the Council of State, appointed by the National Assembly)
(government_council_of_state#cuba#members elected by the National Assembly)
(government_legislative_branch#cuba#unicameral)
(government_national_assembly_of_people's_power_{asemblea_nacional_del_poder_popular}#cuba#elections last held NA February 1993 {next to be held NA 1998}; seats - 589 total, elected directly from slates approved by special candidacy commissions)
(government_judicial_branch#cuba#People's Supreme Court {Tribunal Supremo Popular}, president, vice president, and other judges are elected by the National Assembly)
(government_political_parties_and_leaders#cuba#only party - Cuban Communist Party {PCC}, Fidel CASTRO Ruz, first secretary)
(government_international_organization_participation#cuba#CCC, ECLAC, FAO, G-77, IAEA, ICAO, ICRM, IFAD, IFRCS, ILO, IMO, Inmarsat, Intelsat {nonsignatory user}, Interpol, IOC, ISO, ITU, LAES, LAIA {observer}, NAM, OAS {excluded from formal participation since 1962}, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNOMIG, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us#cuba#none; note - Cuba has an Interests Section in the Swiss Embassy, headed by Principal Officer Fernando REMIREZ DE ESTENOZ; address: Cuban Interests Section, Swiss Embassy, 2639 16th Street NW, Washington, DC 20009; telephone: [1] {202} 797-8518 through 8520)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation#cuba#none; note - the US does have an Interests Section in the Swiss Embassy, headed by Principal Officer Joseph G. SULLIVAN; address: USINT, Swiss Embassy, Calzada Entre L Y M, Vedado Seccion, Havana; telephone: 33-3551 through 3559, 33-3543 through 3547 {operator assistance required}; FAX: 33-3700; protecting power in Cuba is Switzerland)
(government_flag#cuba#five equal horizontal bands of blue {top and bottom} alternating with white; a red equilateral triangle based on the hoist side bears a white five-pointed star in the center)
(economy_economic_overview#cuba#The state retains a primary role in the economy and controls practically all foreign trade. The government has undertaken several reforms in recent years designed to stem excess liquidity, raise labor incentives, and increase the availability of food, consumer goods, and services from depressed levels. The liberalized agricultural markets introduced in October 1994, where state and private farms are authorized to sell any above-quota production at unrestricted prices, have broadened legal consumption alternatives and reduced black market prices. The government's efforts to reduce subsidies to loss-making enterprises and shrink the money supply caused the black market exchange rate to move from a peak of 120 pesos to the dollar in the summer of 1994 to 25-30 pesos to the dollar at yearend 1995. The number of self-employed workers licensed by the government increased more slowly in 1995, from 160,000 at yearend 1994 to 190,000 in July 1995 and to about 210,000 in January 1996. Discussions continue within the leadership over the relative affluence of self-employed workers and the growing inequality of income in what has historically been a strictly egalitarian society. The government released new economic data in 1995 which showed a 35% decline in GDP during 1989-1993, a drop precipitated by the withdrawal of massive Soviet aid and prolonged by Cuba's own economic inefficiencies. The decline in GDP apparently was halted in 1994, and government officials claim that GDP increased by 2.5% in 1995. Export earnings rose by 20% in 1995 to $1.6 billion, largely on the strength of higher world prices for key commodities and increased production of nickel through joint ventures with a Canadian firm. Higher export revenues and new credits from European firms and Mexico enabled Havana to increase its imports for the first time in six years. Imports rose 21% to almost $2.4 billion, or 30% of the 1989 level. Officials have sharply criticized provisions of legislation under consideration in the US Congress, which aims to curtail third-country investment in expropriated US properties in Cuba and deny official assistance to Havana.)
(economy_gdp#cuba#purchasing power parity - $14.7 billion {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_real_growth_rate#cuba#2.5% {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_per_capita#cuba#$1,300 {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_agriculture#cuba#7%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_industry#cuba#30%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_services#cuba#63% {1994})
(economy_inflation_rate_{consumer_prices}#cuba#NA%)
(economy_labor_force#cuba#4.71 million economically active population {1989}; 3,527,000 employed in state civilian sector {1989})
(economy_labor_force_by_occupation#cuba#services and government 30%, industry 22%, agriculture 20%, commerce 11%, construction 10%, transportation and communications 7% {June 1990})
(economy_unemployment_rate#cuba#NA%)
(economy_budget_revenues#cuba#$NA)
(economy_budget_expenditures#cuba#$NA, including capital expenditures of $NA)
(economy_industries#cuba#sugar, petroleum, food, tobacco, textiles, chemicals, paper and wood products, metals {particularly nickel}, cement, fertilizers, consumer goods, agricultural machinery)
(economy_industrial_production_growth_rate#cuba#6% {1995 est.})
(economy_electricity_capacity#cuba#3,990,000 kW)
(economy_electricity_production#cuba#12 billion kWh)
(economy_electricity_consumption_per_capita#cuba#1,022 kWh {1993})
(economy_agriculture#cuba#sugarcane, tobacco, citrus, coffee, rice, potatoes and other tubers, beans; livestock)
(economy_exports#cuba#$1.6 billion {f.o.b., 1995 est.})
(economy_exports_commodities#cuba#sugar, nickel, shellfish, tobacco, medical products, citrus, coffee)
(economy_exports_partners#cuba#Canada 15%, China 15%, Russia 15% {1995 est.})
(economy_imports#cuba#$2.4 billion {c.i.f., 1995 est.})
(economy_imports_commodities#cuba#petroleum, food, machinery, chemicals)
(economy_imports_partners#cuba#Spain 15%, Mexico 15%, Russia 10%, {1995 est.})
(economy_external_debt#cuba#$9.1 billion {convertible currency,1995}; another $20 billion owed to Russia {1995})
(economy_economic_aid_recipient#cuba#ODA, $NA)
(economy_currency#cuba#1 Cuban peso {Cu$} = 100 centavos)
(economy_exchange_rates#cuba#Cuban pesos {Cu$} per US$1 - 1.0000 {non-convertible, official rate, linked to the US dollar})
(economy_fiscal_year#cuba#calendar year)
(transportation_railways_total#cuba#4,677 km)
(transportation_railways_standard_gauge#cuba#4,677 km 1.435-m gauge {132 km electrified})
(transportation_railways_note#cuba#a large amount of track is in private use by sugar plantations)
(transportation_highways_total#cuba#26,500 km)
(transportation_highways_paved#cuba#14,575 km)
(transportation_highways_unpaved#cuba#11,925 km {1996 est.})
(transportation_waterways#cuba#240 km)
(transportation_ports#cuba#Cienfuegos, La Habana, Manzanillo, Mariel, Matanzas, Nuevitas, Santiago de Cuba)
(transportation_merchant_marine_total#cuba#41 ships {1,000 GRT or over} totaling 220,870 GRT/310,169 DWT)
(transportation_merchant_marine_ships_by_type#cuba#cargo 17, chemical tanker 1, liquefied gas tanker 4, oil tanker 9, passenger-cargo 1, refrigerated cargo 9)
(transportation_merchant_marine_note#cuba#Cuba owns an additional 47 ships {1,000 GRT or over} totaling 462,517 DWT operating under the registries of Panama, Cyprus, Malta, Belize, and Mauritius {1995 est.})
(transportation_airports_total#cuba#156)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_over_3,047_m#cuba#7)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_2,438_to_3,047_m#cuba#7)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_1,524_to_2,437_m#cuba#14)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_914_to_1,523_m#cuba#9)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_under_914_m#cuba#87)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_1,524_to_2,437_m#cuba#1)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_914_to_1,523_m#cuba#31 {1995 est.})
(communications_telephones#cuba#430,000 {1987 est.})
(communications_telephone_system#cuba#among the world's least developed telephone systems)
(communications_telephone_system_domestic#cuba#NA)
(communications_telephone_system_international#cuba#satellite earth station - 1 Intersputnik {Atlantic Ocean Region})
(communications_radio_broadcast_stations#cuba#AM 150, FM 5, shortwave 0)
(communications_radios#cuba#2.14 million {1993 est.})
(communications_television_broadcast_stations#cuba#58)
(communications_televisions#cuba#2.5 million {1993 est.})
(defense_branches#cuba#Revolutionary Armed Forces {FAR} includes ground forces, Revolutionary Navy {MGR}, Air and Air Defense Force {DAAFAR}, Territorial Troops Militia {MTT}, and Youth Labor Army {EJT}; Interior Ministry Border Guards {TGF})
(defense_manpower_availability_males_age_15-49#cuba#3,053,431)
(defense_manpower_availability_females_age_15-49#cuba#3,009,852)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_fit_for_military_service#cuba#1,898,644)
(defense_manpower_availability_females_fit_for_military_service#cuba#1,866,313)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_reach_military_age_{17}_annually#cuba#65,182)
(defense_manpower_availability_females_reach_military_age_{17}_annually#cuba#61,960 {1996 est.})
(defense_defense_expenditures#cuba#exchange rate conversion - $NA, roughly 4% of GDP {1995 est.})
(defense_defense_note#cuba#Moscow, for decades the key military supporter and supplier of Cuba, cut off almost all military aid by 1993)
(geography_location#cyprus#Middle East, island in the Mediterranean Sea, south of Turkey)
(geography_geographic_coordinates#cyprus#35 00 N, 33 00 E)
(geography_map_references#cyprus#Middle East)
(geography_area_total_area#cyprus#9,250 sq km {note - 3,355 sq km are in the Turkish area})
(geography_area_land_area#cyprus#9,240 sq km)
(geography_area_comparative_area#cyprus#about 0.7 times the size of Connecticut)
(geography_land_boundaries#cyprus#0 km)
(geography_coastline#cyprus#648 km)
(geography_maritime_claims_continental_shelf#cyprus#200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation)
(geography_maritime_claims_territorial_sea#cyprus#12 nm)
(geography_international_disputes#cyprus#1974 hostilities divided the island into two de facto autonomous areas, a Greek area controlled by the Cypriot Government {59% of the island's land area} and a Turkish-Cypriot area {37% of the island}, that are separated by a UN buffer zone {4% of the island}; there are two UK sovereign base areas within the Greek Cypriot portion of the island)
(geography_climate#cyprus#temperate, Mediterranean with hot, dry summers and cool, wet winters)
(geography_terrain#cyprus#central plain with mountains to north and south; scattered but significant plains along southern coast)
(geography_terrain_lowest_point#cyprus#Mediterranean Sea 0 m)
(geography_terrain_highest_point#cyprus#Olympus 1,952 m)
(geography_natural_resources#cyprus#copper, pyrites, asbestos, gypsum, timber, salt, marble, clay earth pigment)
(geography_land_use_arable_land#cyprus#40%)
(geography_land_use_permanent_crops#cyprus#7%)
(geography_land_use_meadows_and_pastures#cyprus#10%)
(geography_land_use_forest_and_woodland#cyprus#18%)
(geography_land_use_other#cyprus#25%)
(geography_irrigated_land#cyprus#350 sq km {1989})
(geography_environment_current_issues#cyprus#water resource problems {no natural reservoir catchments, seasonal disparity in rainfall, and most potable resources concentrated in the Turkish Cypriot area}; water pollution from sewage and industrial wastes; coastal degradation; loss of wildlife habitats from urbanization)
(geography_environment_natural_hazards#cyprus#moderate earthquake activity)
(geography_environment_international_agreements#cyprus#party to - Air Pollution, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Whaling; signed, but not ratified - Biodiversity, Climate Change)
(people_population#cyprus#744,609 {July 1996 est.})
(people_age_structure_0-14_years#cyprus#25% {male 97,400; female 92,110})
(people_age_structure_15-64_years#cyprus#64% {male 240,716; female 238,039})
(people_age_structure_65_years_and_over#cyprus#11% {male 33,340; female 43,004} {July 1996 est.})
(people_population_growth_rate#cyprus#1.11% {1996 est.})
(people_birth_rate#cyprus#15.39 births/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_death_rate#cyprus#7.66 deaths/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_net_migration_rate#cyprus#3.38 migrant{s}/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_sex_ratio_at_birth#cyprus#1.05 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_under_15_years#cyprus#1.06 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_15-64_years#cyprus#1.01 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_65_years_and_over#cyprus#0.78 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_all_ages#cyprus#1 male{s}/female {1996 est.})
(people_infant_mortality_rate#cyprus#8.4 deaths/1,000 live births {1996 est.})
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_total_population#cyprus#76.26 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_male#cyprus#74.11 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_female#cyprus#78.52 years {1996 est.})
(people_total_fertility_rate#cyprus#2.19 children born/woman {1996 est.})
(people_nationality_noun#cyprus#Cypriot{s})
(people_nationality_adjective#cyprus#Cypriot)
(people_ethnic_divisions_total#cyprus#Greek 78% {99.5% of the Greeks live in the Greek area; 0.5% of the Greeks live in the Turkish area}, Turkish 18% {1.3% of the Turks live in the Greek area; 98.7% of the Turks live in the Turkish area}, other 4% {99.2% of the other ethnic groups live in the Greek area; 0.8% of the other ethnic groups live in the Turkish area})
(people_religions#cyprus#Greek Orthodox 78%, Muslim 18%, Maronite, Armenian Apostolic, and other 4%)
(people_languages#cyprus#Greek, Turkish, English)
(people_literacy#cyprus#age 15 and over can read and write {1987 est.})
(people_literacy_total_population#cyprus#94%)
(people_literacy_male#cyprus#98%)
(people_literacy_female#cyprus#91%)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_long_form#cyprus#Republic of Cyprus)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_short_form#cyprus#Cyprus)
(government_name_of_country_note#cyprus#the Turkish area refers to itself as the "Turkish Republic" or the "Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus" {TRNC})
(government_data_code#cyprus#CY)
(government_type_of_government#cyprus#republic)
(government_type_of_government_note#cyprus#a disaggregation of the two ethnic communities inhabiting the island began after the outbreak of communal strife in 1963; this separation was further solidified following the Turkish invasion of the island in July 1974, which gave the Turkish Cypriots de facto control in the north; Greek Cypriots control the only internationally recognized government; on 15 November 1983 Turkish Cypriot "President" Rauf DENKTASH declared independence and the formation of a "Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus" {TRNC}, which has been recognized only by Turkey; both sides publicly call for the resolution of intercommunal differences and creation of a new federal system of government)
(government_capital#cyprus#Nicosia)
(government_capital_note#cyprus#the Turkish area's capital is Lefkosa {Nicosia})
(government_administrative_divisions#cyprus#6 districts; Famagusta, Kyrenia, Larnaca, Limassol, Nicosia, Paphos; note - Turkish area administrative divisions include Kyrenia, all but a small part of Famagusta, and small parts of Nicosia and Larnaca)
(government_independence#cyprus#16 August 1960 {from UK})
(government_independence_note#cyprus#Turkish area proclaimed self-rule on NA February 1975 from Republic of Cyprus)
(government_national_holiday#cyprus#Independence Day, 1 October)
(government_national_holiday_note#cyprus#Turkish area celebrates 15 November as Independence Day)
(government_constitution#cyprus#16 August 1960; negotiations to create the basis for a new or revised constitution to govern the island and to better relations between Greek and Turkish Cypriots have been held intermittently; in 1975 Turkish Cypriots created their own constitution and governing bodies within the "Turkish Federated State of Cyprus," which was renamed the "Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus" in 1983; a new constitution for the Turkish area passed by referendum on 5 May 1985)
(government_legal_system#cyprus#based on common law, with civil law modifications)
(government_suffrage#cyprus#18 years of age; universal)
(government_executive_branch_chief_of_state_and_head_of_government#cyprus#President Glafcos CLERIDES {since 28 February 1993} was elected for a five-year term by universal suffrage; election last held 14 February 1993 {next to be held NA February 1998}; results - Glafcos CLERIDES 50.3%, Yeoryios VASSILIOU 49.7%)
(government_executive_branch_cabinet#cyprus#Council of Ministers was appointed jointly by the president and vice president)
(government_executive_branch_note#cyprus#Rauf R. DENKTASH has been "president" of the Turkish area since 13 February 1975 {president is elected for a five-year term by universal suffrage}; Hakki ATUN has been "prime minister" of the Turkish area since 1 January 1994; there is a Council of Ministers {cabinet} in the Turkish area; elections last held 15 and 22 April 1995 {next to be held NA April 2000}; results - Rauf R. DENKTASH 62.5%, Dervis EROGLU 37.5%)
(government_legislative_branch#cyprus#unicameral)
(government_greek_area:_house_of_representatives_{vouli_antiprosopon}#cyprus#elections last held 19 May 1991 {next to be held May 1996}; results - DISY 35.8%, AKEL {Communist} 30.6%, DIKO 19.5%, EDEK 10.9%; others 3.2%; seats - {56 total} DISY 20, AKEL {Communist} 18, DIKO 11, EDEK 7)
(government_turkish_area:_assembly_of_the_republic_{cumhuriyet_meclisi}#cyprus#elections last held 12 December 1993 {next to be held NA}; results - UBP 29.9%, DP 29.2%, CTP 24.2% TKP 13.3%, others 3.4%; seats - {50 total} UBP {conservative} 15, DP 16, CTP 13, TKP 5, UDP 1)
(government_judicial_branch#cyprus#Supreme Court, judges are appointed by the Supreme Council of Judicature)
(government_judicial_branch_note#cyprus#there is also a Supreme Court in the Turkish area)
(government_greek_area#cyprus#Progressive Party of the Working People {AKEL, Communist Party}, Dimitrios CHRISTOFIAS; Democratic Rally {DISY}, Ioannis MATSIS; Democratic Party {DIKO}, Spyros KYPRIANOU; United Democratic Union of the Center {EDEK}, Vassos LYSSARIDIS; Socialist Democratic Renewal Movement {ADISOK}, Mikhalis PAPAPETROU; Liberal Party, Nikolaos ROLANDIS; Free Democrats, Yeoryios VASSILIOU; New Horizons, Nikolaos KOUTSOU, secretary general)
(government_turkish_area#cyprus#National Unity Party {UBP}, Dervis EROGLU; Communal Liberation Party {TKP}, Mustafa AKINCI; Republican Turkish Party {CTP}, Mehmet ALI TALAT; New Cyprus Party {YKP}, Alpay DURDURAN; Free Democratic Party {HDP}, Ismet KOTAK; Nationalist Justice Party {MAP}, Zorlu TORE; Unity and Sovereignty Party {BEP}, Arif Salih KIRDAG; Democratic Party {DP}, Serdar DENKTASH; National Birth Party {UDP}, Enver EMIN; the HDP, MAP, and VP merged under the label National Struggle Unity Party {MMBP} to compete in the 12 December 1993 legislative election)
(government_other_political_or_pressure_groups#cyprus#United Democratic Youth Organization {EDON, Communist controlled}; Union of Cyprus Farmers {EKA, Communist controlled}; Cyprus Farmers Union {PEK, pro-West}; Pan-Cyprian Labor Federation {PEO, Communist controlled}; Confederation of Cypriot Workers {SEK, pro-West}; Federation of Turkish Cypriot Labor Unions {Turk-Sen}; Confederation of Revolutionary Labor Unions {Dev-Is})
(government_international_organization_participation#cyprus#C, CCC, CE, EBRD, ECE, EU {applicant}, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, IDA, IFAD, IFC, ILO, IMF, IMO, Inmarset, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, NAM, OAS {observer}, OSCE, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_chief_of_mission#cyprus#Ambassador Andreas J. JACOVIDES)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_chancery#cyprus#2211 R Street NW, Washington, DC 20008)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_telephone#cyprus#[1] {202} 462-5772)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_consulate{s}_general#cyprus#New York)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_note#cyprus#Representative of the Turkish area in the US is Namik KORMAN, office at 1667 K Street NW, Washington, DC, telephone [1] {202} 887-6198)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_chief_of_mission#cyprus#Ambassador Richard A. BOUCHER)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_embassy#cyprus#corner of Metochiou and Ploutarchou Streets, Engomi, Nicosia)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_mailing_address#cyprus#P. O. Box 4536, FPO AE 09836)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_telephone#cyprus#[357] {2} 476100)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_fax#cyprus#[357] {2} 465944)
(government_flag#cyprus#white with a copper-colored silhouette of the island {the name Cyprus is derived from the Greek word for copper} above two green crossed olive branches in the center of the flag; the branches symbolize the hope for peace and reconciliation between the Greek and Turkish communities)
(government_flag_note#cyprus#the Turkish Cypriot flag has a horizontal red stripe at the top and bottom between which is a red crescent and red star on a white field)
(economy_economic_overview#cyprus#The Greek Cypriot economy is small and prosperous, but highly susceptible to external shocks. Industry contributes 25% to GDP and employs 26% of the labor force, while the service sector contributes 70% to GDP and employs 62% of the labor force. After surging 9.7% in 1992, economic growth slowed to 1.6% in 1993 - its lowest level in two decades - because of the decline in tourist arrivals associated with the recession in Western Europe, Cyprus' main trading partner, and the loss in export competitiveness due to a sharp rise in unit labor costs. However, real GDP picked up in 1994 and 1995, as inflation fell from 4.7% to about 3%. Economic prospects appear favorable for 1996: real GDP is likely to grow between 3% and 4%, and inflation is likely to rise slightly to 3.5%-4.5%. The Turkish Cypriot economy has less than one-third the per capita GDP of the south. Because it is recognized only by Turkey, it has had much difficulty arranging foreign financing, and foreign firms have hesitated to invest there. The economy remains heavily dependent on agriculture and government service, which together employ about half of the work force. Moreover, the small, vulnerable economy has suffered because the Turkish lira is legal tender. Economic growth sharply dropped during 1994 because of the severe economic crisis affecting the mainland, and inflation soared to 215%. To compensate for the economy's weakness, Turkey provides direct and indirect aid to nearly every sector; financial support has risen and now equals in value about one-third of Turkish Cypriot GDP.)
(economy_greek_area#cyprus#purchasing power parity - $7.8 billion {1995 est.})
(economy_turkish_area#cyprus#purchasing power parity - $520 million {1995 est.})
(economy_greek_area#cyprus#5% {1995 est.})
(economy_turkish_area#cyprus#0.5% {1995 est.})
(economy_greek_area#cyprus#$13,000 {1995 est.})
(economy_turkish_area#cyprus#$3,900 {1995 est.})
(economy_greek_area_-_agriculture#cyprus#5.6%)
(economy_greek_area_-_industry#cyprus#24.9%)
(economy_greek_area_-_services#cyprus#69.5% {1994})
(economy_turkish_area_-_agriculture#cyprus#11.4%)
(economy_turkish_area_-_industry#cyprus#22.9%)
(economy_turkish_area_-_services#cyprus#65.7% {1994})
(economy_greek_area#cyprus#3% {1995 est.})
(economy_turkish_area#cyprus#215% {1994})
(economy_greek_area#cyprus#294,100)
(economy_greek_area_by_occupation#cyprus#services 61.5%, industry 26%, agriculture 12.5% {1994})
(economy_turkish_area#cyprus#75,320)
(economy_turkish_area_by_occupation#cyprus#services 52.9%, industry 23.6%, agriculture 23.5% {1994})
(economy_greek_area#cyprus#2.7% {1994})
(economy_turkish_area#cyprus#1.6% {1994})
(economy_budget_revenues#cyprus#Greek area - $2.3 billion, Turkish area - $246 million)
(economy_budget_expenditures#cyprus#Greek area - $3.4 billion, including capital expenditures of $500 million, Turkish area - $350 million, including capital expenditures of $75 million {1996 est.})
(economy_industries#cyprus#food, beverages, textiles, chemicals, metal products, tourism, wood products)
(economy_greek_area#cyprus#3.7% {1994})
(economy_turkish_area#cyprus#2.6% {1992})
(economy_electricity_capacity#cyprus#550,000 kW)
(economy_electricity_production#cyprus#2.3 billion kWh)
(economy_electricity_consumption_per_capita#cyprus#2,903 kWh {1993})
(economy_agriculture#cyprus#potatoes, vegetables, barley, grapes, olives, citrus, vegetables)
(economy_illicit_drugs#cyprus#transit point for heroin via air routes and container traffic to Europe, especially from Lebanon and Turkey, also some cocaine transits en route to Russia)
(economy_greek_area#cyprus#$968 million {f.o.b., 1994})
(economy_greek_area_commodities#cyprus#citrus, potatoes, grapes, wine, cement, clothing and shoes)
(economy_greek_area_partners#cyprus#UK 16%, Lebanon 9%, Greece 8%, Russia 12%)
(economy_turkish_area#cyprus#$59 million {f.o.b., 1994})
(economy_turkish_area_commodities#cyprus#citrus, potatoes, textiles)
(economy_turkish_area_partners#cyprus#UK 48%, Turkey 22%)
(economy_greek_area#cyprus#$2.7 billion {f.o.b., 1994})
(economy_greek_area_commodities#cyprus#consumer goods, petroleum and lubricants, food and feed grains, machinery)
(economy_greek_area_partners#cyprus#UK 12%, Japan 9%, Italy 10%, Germany 9%, US 8%)
(economy_turkish_area#cyprus#$330 million {f.o.b., 1994})
(economy_turkish_area_commodities#cyprus#food, minerals, chemicals, machinery)
(economy_turkish_area_partners#cyprus#Turkey 48%, UK 19%)
(economy_greek_area#cyprus#$1.4 billion {1994})
(economy_greek_area_-_recipient#cyprus#ODA, $NA)
(economy_turkish_area#cyprus#during 1977-93, received substantial grants and loans from Turkey)
(economy_currency#cyprus#1 Cypriot pound {úC} = 100 cents; 1 Turkish lira {TL} = 100 kurus)
(economy_exchange_rates#cyprus#Cypriot pounds per US1$ - 0.4628 {January 1996}, 0.4522 {1995}, 0.4915 {1994}, 0.4970 {1993}, 0.4502 {1992}, 0.4633 {1991}; Turkish liras {TL} per US$1 - 60,502.1 {January 1996}, 45,845.1 {1995}, 29,608.7 {1994}, 10,984.6 {1993}, 6,872.4 {1992}, 4,171.8 {1991})
(economy_fiscal_year#cyprus#calendar year)
(transportation_railways#cyprus#0 km)
(transportation_greek_area_-_total#cyprus#10,448 km)
(transportation_greek_area_-_paved#cyprus#5,694 km)
(transportation_greek_area_-_unpaved#cyprus#4,754 km)
(transportation_turkish_area_-_total#cyprus#6,116 km)
(transportation_turkish_area_-_paved#cyprus#5,278 km)
(transportation_turkish_area_-_unpaved#cyprus#838 km)
(transportation_ports#cyprus#Famagusta, Kyrenia, Larnaca, Limassol, Vasilikos Bay)
(transportation_merchant_marine_total#cyprus#1,524 ships {1,000 GRT or over} totaling 23,949,242 GRT/40,236,638 DWT)
(transportation_merchant_marine_ships_by_type#cyprus#bulk 490, cargo 562, chemical tanker 27, combination bulk 53, combination ore/oil 22, container 115, liquefied gas tanker 3, multifunction large-load carrier 4, oil tanker 129, passenger 6, passenger-cargo 1, refrigerated cargo 62, roll-on/roll-off cargo 28, short-sea passenger 17, specialized tanker 3, vehicle carrier 2)
(transportation_merchant_marine_note#cyprus#a flag of convenience registry; includes ships from 48 countries among which are Greece 706, Germany 171, Russia 44, Netherlands 31, Belgium 30, Japan 29, Cuba 21, UK 17, Spain 14, and Hong Kong 13 {1995 est.})
(transportation_airports_total#cyprus#15)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_2,438_to_3,047_m#cyprus#8)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_914_to_1,523_m#cyprus#3)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_under_914_m#cyprus#3)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_914_to_1,523_m#cyprus#1 {1995 est.})
(transportation_heliports#cyprus#4 {1995 est.})
(communications_telephones#cyprus#331,000 {1995 est.})
(communications_telephone_system#cyprus#excellent in both the Greek and Turkish areas)
(communications_telephone_system_domestic#cyprus#open wire, fiber-optic cable, and microwave radio relay)
(communications_telephone_system_international#cyprus#tropospheric scatter; 3 coaxial and 5 fiber-optic submarine cables; satellite earth stations - 3 Intelsat {1 Atlantic Ocean and 2 Indian Ocean}, 2 Eutelsat, 2 Intersputnik, and 1 Arabsat)
(communications_greek_area#cyprus#AM 11, FM 8, shortwave 0)
(communications_turkish_area#cyprus#AM 2, FM 6, shortwave 0)
(communications_greek_area#cyprus#270,000 {1993 est.})
(communications_turkish_area#cyprus#42,170 {1985 est.})
(communications_greek_area#cyprus#1 {repeaters 34})
(communications_turkish_area#cyprus#1)
(communications_greek_area#cyprus#107,000 {1992 est.})
(communications_turkish_area#cyprus#75,000 {1993 est.})
(defense_greek_area#cyprus#Greek Cypriot National Guard {GCNG; includes air and naval elements}, Greek Cypriot Police)
(defense_turkish_area#cyprus#Turkish Cypriot Security Force)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_age_15-49#cyprus#190,372)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_fit_for_military_service#cyprus#130,880)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_reach_military_age_{18}_annually#cyprus#5,749 {1996 est.})
(defense_defense_expenditures#cyprus#exchange rate conversion - $493 million, 5.6% of GDP {1995})
(geography_location#czech_republic#Central Europe, southeast of Germany)
(geography_geographic_coordinates#czech_republic#49 45 N, 15 30 E)
(geography_map_references#czech_republic#Europe)
(geography_area_total_area#czech_republic#78,703 sq km)
(geography_area_land_area#czech_republic#78,645 sq km)
(geography_area_comparative_area#czech_republic#slightly smaller than South Carolina)
(geography_land_boundaries_total#czech_republic#1,880 km)
(geography_land_boundaries_border_countries#czech_republic#Austria 362 km, Germany 646 km, Poland 658 km, Slovakia 214 km)
(geography_coastline#czech_republic#0 km {landlocked})
(geography_maritime_claims#czech_republic#none {landlocked})
(geography_international_disputes#czech_republic#Liechtenstein claims restitution for 1,600 sq km of Czech territory confiscated from its royal family in 1918; Sudeten German claims for restitution of property confiscated in connection with their expulsion after World War II versus the Czech Republic claims that restitution does not precede February 1948 when the Communists seized power; unresolved property issues with Slovakia over redistribution of property of the former Czechoslovak federal government)
(geography_climate#czech_republic#temperate; cool summers; cold, cloudy, humid winters)
(geography_terrain#czech_republic#Bohemia in the west consists of rolling plains, hills, and plateaus surrounded by low mountains; Moravia in the east consists of very hilly country)
(geography_terrain_lowest_point#czech_republic#Elbe River 115 m)
(geography_terrain_highest_point#czech_republic#Snezka 1,602 m)
(geography_natural_resources#czech_republic#hard coal, soft coal, kaolin, clay, graphite)
(geography_land_use_arable_land#czech_republic#NA%)
(geography_land_use_permanent_crops#czech_republic#NA%)
(geography_land_use_meadows_and_pastures#czech_republic#NA%)
(geography_land_use_forest_and_woodland#czech_republic#NA%)
(geography_land_use_other#czech_republic#NA%)
(geography_irrigated_land#czech_republic#NA sq km)
(geography_environment_current_issues#czech_republic#air and water pollution in areas of northwest Bohemia and in northern Moravia around Ostrava present health risks; acid rain damaging forests)
(geography_environment_natural_hazards#czech_republic#NA)
(geography_environment_international_agreements#czech_republic#party to - Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Sulphur 85, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands; signed, but not ratified - Air Pollution-Sulphur 94, Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Law of the Sea)
(geography_geographic_note#czech_republic#landlocked; strategically located astride some of oldest and most significant land routes in Europe; Moravian Gate is a traditional military corridor between the North European Plain and the Danube in central Europe)
(people_population#czech_republic#10,321,120 {July 1996 est.})
(people_age_structure_0-14_years#czech_republic#18% {male 965,861; female 918,745})
(people_age_structure_15-64_years#czech_republic#68% {male 3,519,753; female 3,524,913})
(people_age_structure_65_years_and_over#czech_republic#14% {male 526,841; female 865,007} {July 1996 est.})
(people_population_growth_rate#czech_republic#-0.03% {1996 est.})
(people_birth_rate#czech_republic#10.39 births/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_death_rate#czech_republic#10.89 deaths/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_net_migration_rate#czech_republic#0.24 migrant{s}/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_sex_ratio_at_birth#czech_republic#1.06 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_under_15_years#czech_republic#1.05 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_15-64_years#czech_republic#1 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_65_years_and_over#czech_republic#0.61 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_all_ages#czech_republic#0.94 male{s}/female {1996 est.})
(people_infant_mortality_rate#czech_republic#8.4 deaths/1,000 live births {1996 est.})
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_total_population#czech_republic#73.76 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_male#czech_republic#70.08 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_female#czech_republic#77.65 years {1996 est.})
(people_total_fertility_rate#czech_republic#1.38 children born/woman {1996 est.})
(people_nationality_noun#czech_republic#Czech{s})
(people_nationality_adjective#czech_republic#Czech)
(people_nationality_note#czech_republic#300,000 Slovaks declared themselves Czech citizens in 1994)
(people_ethnic_divisions#czech_republic#Czech 94.4%, Slovak 3%, Polish 0.6%, German 0.5%, Gypsy 0.3%, Hungarian 0.2%, other 1%)
(people_religions#czech_republic#atheist 39.8%, Roman Catholic 39.2%, Protestant 4.6%, Orthodox 3%, other 13.4%)
(people_languages#czech_republic#Czech, Slovak)
(people_literacy#czech_republic#age NA and over can read and write {est.})
(people_literacy_total_population#czech_republic#99%)
(people_literacy_male#czech_republic#NA%)
(people_literacy_female#czech_republic#NA%)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_long_form#czech_republic#Czech Republic)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_short_form#czech_republic#Czech Republic)
(government_name_of_country_local_long_form#czech_republic#Ceska Republika)
(government_name_of_country_local_short_form#czech_republic#Cechy)
(government_data_code#czech_republic#EZ)
(government_type_of_government#czech_republic#parliamentary democracy)
(government_capital#czech_republic#Prague)
(government_administrative_divisions#czech_republic#8 regions {kraje, kraj - singular}; Jihocesky, Jihomoravsky, Praha, Severocesky, Severomoravsky, Stredocesky, Vychodocesky, Zapadocesky)
(government_independence#czech_republic#1 January 1993 {from Czechoslovakia})
(government_national_holiday#czech_republic#National Liberation Day, 8 May; Founding of the Republic, 28 October)
(government_constitution#czech_republic#ratified 16 December 1992; effective 1 January 1993)
(government_legal_system#czech_republic#civil law system based on Austro-Hungarian codes; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction; legal code modified to bring it in line with Organization on Security and Cooperation in Europe {OSCE} obligations and to expunge Marxist-Leninist legal theory)
(government_suffrage#czech_republic#18 years of age; universal)
(government_executive_branch_chief_of_state#czech_republic#President Vaclav HAVEL {since 26 January 1993} was elected for a five-year term by the Parliament; election last held 26 January 1993 {next to be held NA January 1998}; results - Vaclav HAVEL was elected)
(government_executive_branch_head_of_government#czech_republic#Prime Minister Vaclav KLAUS {since NA June 1992} was appointed by the president; Deputy Prime Ministers Ivan KOCARNIK {since NA June 1992}, Josef LUX {since NA June 1992}, Jan KALVODA {since NA June 1992})
(government_executive_branch_cabinet#czech_republic#Cabinet was appointed by the president on recommendation of the prime minister)
(government_legislative_branch#czech_republic#bicameral Parliament {Parlament})
(government_senate_{senate}#czech_republic#elections to be held 15-16 November 1996 {next to be held NA}; seats {81 total})
(government_chamber_of_deputies_{snemovna_poslancu}#czech_republic#elections last held 5-6 June 1992 {next to be held 31 May-1 June 1996}; results - percent of vote by party NA given breakup and realignment of all parliamentary opposition parties since 1992; seats - {200 total} governing coalition {ODS 65, KDS 10, ODA 16, KDU-CSL 15}, opposition {CSSD 18, LB 25, KSCM 10, LSU 9, LSNS 5, CMUS 9, SPR-RSC 6, independents 12})
(government_judicial_branch#czech_republic#Supreme Court, chairman and deputy chairmen are appointed by the president; Constitutional Court, chairman and deputy chairmen are appointed by the president)
(government_political_parties_and_leaders_governing_coalition#czech_republic#Civic Democratic Party {ODS}, Vaclav KLAUS, chairman; Christian Democratic Party {KDS}, Ivan PILIP, chairman; Civic Democratic Alliance {ODA}, Jan KALVODA, chairman; Christian Democratic Union/Czech People's Party {KDU-CSL}, Josef LUX, chairman; note - KDS was to merge with ODS in March 1996)
(government_political_parties_and_leaders_opposition#czech_republic#Czech Social Democrats {CSSD - left opposition}, Milos ZEMAN, chairman; Left Bloc {LB - left opposition}, Jaroslav ORTMAN, chairman; Communist Party {KSCM - left opposition}, Miroslav GREBENICEK, chairman; Liberal Social Union {LSU - left opposition}, Frantisek TRNKA, chairman, note - may not still be in existence; Liberal National Social Party {LSNS - center party}, Vavrinec BODENLOS, chairman; Bohemian-Moravian Center Union {CMUS - center party}, Jan JEGLA, chairman; Assembly for the Republic {SPR-RSC - right radical}, Miroslav SLADEK, chairman)
(government_other_political_or_pressure_groups#czech_republic#Czech-Moravian Chamber of Trade Unions; Civic Movement)
(government_international_organization_participation#czech_republic#Australia Group, BIS, CCC, CE {guest}, CEI, CERN, EBRD, ECE, EU {applicant}, FAO, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM {observer}, ISO, ITU, NACC, NSG, OECD, OSCE, PCA, PFP, UN, UN Security Council {temporary}, UNCRO, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNOMIG, UNOMIL, UNPROFOR, UPU, WEU {associate partner}, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO, ZC)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_chief_of_mission#czech_republic#Ambassador Michael ZANTOVSKY)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_chancery#czech_republic#3900 Spring of Freedom Street NW, Washington, DC 20008)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_telephone#czech_republic#[1] {202} 363-6315, 6316)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_fax#czech_republic#[1] {202} 966-8540)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_chief_of_mission#czech_republic#Ambassador Jenonne R. WALKER)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_embassy#czech_republic#Trziste 15, 11801 Prague 1)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_mailing_address#czech_republic#Unit 1330, APO AE 09213-1330)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_telephone#czech_republic#[42] {2} 2451-0847)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_fax#czech_republic#[42] {2} 2451-1001)
(government_flag#czech_republic#two equal horizontal bands of white {top} and red with a blue isosceles triangle based on the hoist side {almost identical to the flag of the former Czechoslovakia})
(economy_economic_overview#czech_republic#The Czech Republic, which separated from Slovakia on 1 January 1993, emerged from recession with 2.6% growth in 1994 and 5% growth in 1995. Inflation in 1994-95 was cut in half; unemployment was kept at about 3%; the budget was balanced; and exports were reoriented to the EU. Prague's mass privatization program, including its innovative distribution of ownership shares to Czech citizens via "coupon vouchers," has made the most rapid progress in Eastern Europe. About 80% of the economy is wholly or partially in private hands. Because of its progress on reform, the Czech Republic in 1995 became the first post-Communist member of the OECD. Its solid economic performance also led Standard and Poor's to upgrade the country's sovereign credit rating to "A" and attracted nearly $5.3 billion in direct foreign investment to Czech industry between 1990 and September 1995. The Czech crown became convertible for current account transactions in October 1995. Czech companies increasingly are using the international capital market to fund capital investment, and foreign currency reserves totaled $13.9 billion at the end of 1995. Prague's biggest macroeconomic concern now is limiting the inflationary effect of these large capital inflows. The Czech economy also still faces microeconomic problems. Prague has promised to strengthen its bankruptcy law and improve the transparency of stock market operations in 1996, but some changes probably will not take effect until some time after the parliamentary elections of mid-1996 and will depend largely on voluntary compliance. Prague forecasts a balanced budget, 5.5% GDP growth, 2.8% unemployment, and 8.1% inflation for 1996.)
(economy_gdp#czech_republic#purchasing power parity - $106.2 billion {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_real_growth_rate#czech_republic#5% {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_per_capita#czech_republic#$10,200 {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_agriculture#czech_republic#5.8%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_industry#czech_republic#40.7%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_services#czech_republic#53.5%)
(economy_inflation_rate_{consumer_prices}#czech_republic#9.1% {1995 est.})
(economy_labor_force#czech_republic#5.389 million)
(economy_labor_force_by_occupation#czech_republic#industry 37.9%, agriculture 8.1%, construction 8.8%, communications and other 45.2% {1990})
(economy_unemployment_rate#czech_republic#2.9% {1995 est.})
(economy_budget_revenues#czech_republic#$16.5 billion)
(economy_budget_expenditures#czech_republic#$16.2 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA {1995 est.})
(economy_industries#czech_republic#fuels, ferrous metallurgy, machinery and equipment, coal, motor vehicles, glass, armaments)
(economy_industrial_production_growth_rate#czech_republic#12.9% {January-November 1995})
(economy_electricity_capacity#czech_republic#14.470,000 kW)
(economy_electricity_production#czech_republic#56.3 billion kWh)
(economy_electricity_consumption_per_capita#czech_republic#4,842 kWh {1993})
(economy_agriculture#czech_republic#grains, potatoes, sugar beets, hops, fruit; pigs, cattle, poultry; forest products)
(economy_illicit_drugs#czech_republic#transshipment point for Southwest Asian heroin and Latin American cocaine to Western Europe)
(economy_exports#czech_republic#$17.4 billion {f.o.b., 1995 est.})
(economy_exports_commodities#czech_republic#manufactured goods, machinery and transport equipment, chemicals, fuels, minerals, metals, agricultural products)
(economy_exports_partners#czech_republic#Germany 32.4%, Slovakia 16.1%, Austria 6.7%, Poland 5.3%, Italy 4%, Russia 3.3%, Netherlands 2.8%, France 2.6%, UK 2.2%, Hungary 2.1%, US 1.8%, Belgium 1.5% {January-September 1995})
(economy_imports#czech_republic#$21.3 billion {f.o.b., 1995 est.})
(economy_imports_commodities#czech_republic#machinery and transport equipment, manufactured goods, chemicals, fuels and lubricants, raw materials, agricultural products)
(economy_imports_partners#czech_republic#Germany 26%, Slovakia 13.2%, Russia 9.2%, Austria 7%, Italy 5.6%, France 4.1%, US 3.8%, Poland 3.1%, Netherlands 2.9%, UK 2.9%, Switzerland 2.1%, Belgium 2.0% {January-September 1995})
(economy_external_debt#czech_republic#$14.9 billion {June 1995})
(economy_economic_aid_recipient#czech_republic#ODA, $27 million {1993})
(economy_currency#czech_republic#1 koruna {Kc} = 100 haleru)
(economy_exchange_rates#czech_republic#koruny {Kcs} per US$1 - 26.967 {January 1996}, 26.541 {1995}, 28.785 {1994}, 29.153 {1993}, 28.26 {1992}, 29.53 {1991}, 17.95 {1990})
(economy_exchange_rates_note#czech_republic#values before 1993 reflect Czechoslovak exchange rates)
(economy_fiscal_year#czech_republic#calendar year)
(transportation_railways_total#czech_republic#9,413 km)
(transportation_railways_standard_gauge#czech_republic#9,316 km 1.435-m standard gauge {2640 km electrified})
(transportation_railways_narrow_gauge#czech_republic#97 km several narrow gauges {1995})
(transportation_highways_total#czech_republic#55,557 km {1994 est.})
(transportation_highways_paved#czech_republic#NA km)
(transportation_highways_unpaved#czech_republic#NA km)
(transportation_waterways#czech_republic#NA km; the Elbe {Labe} is the principal river)
(transportation_pipelines#czech_republic#natural gas 5,400 km)
(transportation_ports#czech_republic#Decin, Prague, Usti nad Labem)
(transportation_merchant_marine_total#czech_republic#10 ships {1,000 GRT or over} totaling 155,946 GRT/251,624 DWT)
(transportation_merchant_marine_ships_by_type#czech_republic#bulk 5, cargo 5 {1995 est.})
(transportation_airports_total#czech_republic#116)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_over_3,047_m#czech_republic#2)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_2,438_to_3,047_m#czech_republic#9)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_1,524_to_2,437_m#czech_republic#13)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_under_914_m#czech_republic#5)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_over_3,047_m#czech_republic#1)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_2,438_to_3,047_m#czech_republic#3)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_1,524_to_2,437_m#czech_republic#10)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_914_to_1,523_m#czech_republic#32)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_under_914_m#czech_republic#41 {1994 est.})
(communications_telephones#czech_republic#3,349,539 {1993 est.})
(communications_telephone_system_domestic#czech_republic#NA)
(communications_telephone_system_international#czech_republic#satellite earth stations - 2 Intersputnik {Atlantic and Indian Ocean Regions})
(communications_radio_broadcast_stations#czech_republic#AM NA, FM NA, shortwave NA)
(communications_radios#czech_republic#NA)
(communications_television_broadcast_stations#czech_republic#NA)
(communications_televisions#czech_republic#NA)
(defense_branches#czech_republic#Army, Air and Air Defense Forces, Civil Defense, Railroad Units)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_age_15-49#czech_republic#2,724,607)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_fit_for_military_service#czech_republic#2,074,331)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_reach_military_age_{18}_annually#czech_republic#88,418 {1996 est.})
(defense_defense_expenditures#czech_republic#exchange rate conversion - $931 million, 2.5% of GDP {1995})
(geography_location#denmark#Northern Europe, bordering the Baltic Sea and the North Sea, on a peninsula north of Germany)
(geography_geographic_coordinates#denmark#56 00 N, 10 00 E)
(geography_map_references#denmark#Europe)
(geography_area_total_area#denmark#43,070 sq km)
(geography_area_land_area#denmark#42,370 sq km)
(geography_area_comparative_area#denmark#slightly more than twice the size of Massachusetts)
(geography_area_note#denmark#includes the island of Bornholm in the Baltic Sea and the rest of metropolitan Denmark, but excludes the Faroe Islands and Greenland)
(geography_land_boundaries_total#denmark#68 km)
(geography_land_boundaries_border_country#denmark#Germany 68 km)
(geography_coastline#denmark#3,379 km)
(geography_maritime_claims_contiguous_zone#denmark#4 nm)
(geography_maritime_claims_continental_shelf#denmark#200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation)
(geography_maritime_claims_exclusive_fishing_zone#denmark#200 nm)
(geography_maritime_claims_territorial_sea#denmark#3 nm)
(geography_international_disputes#denmark#Rockall continental shelf dispute involving Iceland, Ireland, and the UK {Ireland and the UK have signed a boundary agreement in the Rockall area})
(geography_climate#denmark#temperate; humid and overcast; mild, windy winters and cool summers)
(geography_terrain#denmark#low and flat to gently rolling plains)
(geography_terrain_lowest_point#denmark#Lammefjord -7 m)
(geography_terrain_highest_point#denmark#Ejer Bavnehoj 173 m)
(geography_natural_resources#denmark#petroleum, natural gas, fish, salt, limestone)
(geography_land_use_arable_land#denmark#61%)
(geography_land_use_permanent_crops#denmark#0%)
(geography_land_use_meadows_and_pastures#denmark#6%)
(geography_land_use_forest_and_woodland#denmark#12%)
(geography_land_use_other#denmark#21%)
(geography_irrigated_land#denmark#4,300 sq km {1989 est.})
(geography_environment_current_issues#denmark#air pollution, principally from vehicle emissions; nitrogen and phosphorus pollution of the North Sea; drinking and surface water becoming polluted from animal wastes)
(geography_environment_natural_hazards#denmark#flooding is a threat in some areas of the country {e.g., parts of Jutland, along the southern coast of the island of Lolland} that are protected from the sea by a system of dikes)
(geography_environment_international_agreements#denmark#party to - Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Sulphur 85, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Wetlands, Whaling; signed, but not ratified - Air Pollution-Sulphur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Desertification, Law of the Sea)
(geography_geographic_note#denmark#controls Danish Straits linking Baltic and North Seas; about one-quarter of the population lives in Copenhagen)
(people_population#denmark#5,249,632 {July 1996 est.})
(people_age_structure_0-14_years#denmark#17% {male 469,672; female 446,907})
(people_age_structure_15-64_years#denmark#67% {male 1,789,552; female 1,738,870})
(people_age_structure_65_years_and_over#denmark#16% {male 330,396; female 474,235} {July 1996 est.})
(people_population_growth_rate#denmark#0.38% {1996 est.})
(people_birth_rate#denmark#12.24 births/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_death_rate#denmark#10.42 deaths/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_net_migration_rate#denmark#2 migrant{s}/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_sex_ratio_at_birth#denmark#1.06 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_under_15_years#denmark#1.05 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_15-64_years#denmark#1.03 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_65_years_and_over#denmark#0.7 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_all_ages#denmark#0.97 male{s}/female {1996 est.})
(people_infant_mortality_rate#denmark#4.8 deaths/1,000 live births {1996 est.})
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_total_population#denmark#77.3 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_male#denmark#73.78 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_female#denmark#81.01 years {1996 est.})
(people_total_fertility_rate#denmark#1.67 children born/woman {1996 est.})
(people_nationality_noun#denmark#Dane{s})
(people_nationality_adjective#denmark#Danish)
(people_ethnic_divisions#denmark#Scandinavian, Eskimo, Faroese, German)
(people_religions#denmark#Evangelical Lutheran 91%, other Protestant and Roman Catholic 2%, other 7% {1988})
(people_languages#denmark#Danish, Faroese, Greenlandic {an Eskimo dialect}, German {small minority})
(people_literacy#denmark#age 15 and over can read and write {1980 est.})
(people_literacy_total_population#denmark#99%)
(people_literacy_male#denmark#NA%)
(people_literacy_female#denmark#NA%)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_long_form#denmark#Kingdom of Denmark)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_short_form#denmark#Denmark)
(government_name_of_country_local_long_form#denmark#Kongeriget Danmark)
(government_name_of_country_local_short_form#denmark#Danmark)
(government_data_code#denmark#DA)
(government_type_of_government#denmark#constitutional monarchy)
(government_capital#denmark#Copenhagen)
(government_administrative_divisions#denmark#metropolitan Denmark - 14 counties {amter, singular - amt} and 1 city* {stad}; Arhus, Bornholms, Frederiksborg, Fyns, Kobenhavns, Nordjyllands, Ribe, Ringkobing, Roskilde, Sonderjyllands, Staden Kobenhavn*, Storstroms, Vejle, Vestsjaellands, Viborg)
(government_administrative_divisions_note#denmark#see separate entries for the Faroe Islands and Greenland, which are part of the Danish realm and self-governing administrative divisions)
(government_independence#denmark#10th century first organized as a unified state; in 1849 became a constitutional monarchy)
(government_national_holiday#denmark#Birthday of the Queen, 16 April {1940})
(government_constitution#denmark#1849 was the original constitution; there was a major overhaul 5 June 1953, allowing for a unicameral legislature and a female chief of state)
(government_legal_system#denmark#civil law system; judicial review of legislative acts; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations)
(government_suffrage#denmark#18 years of age; universal)
(government_executive_branch_chief_of_state#denmark#Queen MARGRETHE II {since NA January 1972} is a constitutional monarch; Heir Apparent Crown Prince FREDERIK, elder son of the queen {born 26 May 1968})
(government_executive_branch_head_of_government#denmark#Prime Minister Poul Nyrup RASMUSSEN {since NA January 1993} was appointed by the queen)
(government_executive_branch_cabinet#denmark#Cabinet was appointed by the queen)
(government_legislative_branch#denmark#unicameral)
(government_parliament_{folketing}#denmark#elections last held 21 September 1994 {next to be held by December 1998}; results - Social Democrats 34.6%, Liberals 23.3%, Conservatives 15.0%, Social People's Party 7.3%, Progress Party 6.4%, Radical Liberals 4.6%, Unity Party 3.1%, Center Democrats 2.8%, Christian People's Party 1.8%; seats - {179 total} Social Democrats 63, Liberals 44, Conservatives 28, Social People's Party 13, Progress Party 11, Radical Liberals 8, Unity Party 6, Center Democrats 5, independent 1)
(government_judicial_branch#denmark#Supreme Court, judges are appointed by the monarch for life)
(government_political_parties_and_leaders#denmark#Social Democratic Party, Poul Nyrup RASMUSSEN; Conservative Party, Hans ENGELL; Liberal Party, Uffe ELLEMANN-JENSEN; Socialist People's Party, Holger K. NIELSEN; Progress Party, Group Chairman Kim BEHNKE and Policy Spokesman Jan Kopke CHRISTENSEN; Center Democratic Party, Mimi Stilling JAKOBSEN; Radical Liberal Party, Marianne JELVED; Christian People's Party, Jann SJURSEN; Danish Workers' Party, Common Cause, Preben Moller HANSEN; Unity Party)
(government_international_organization_participation#denmark#AfDB, AG {observer}, AsDB, Australia Group, BIS, CBSS, CCC, CE, CERN, EBRD, ECE, EIB, ESA, EU, FAO, G- 9, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, MTCR, NACC, NATO, NC, NEA, NIB, NSG, OECD, OSCE, PCA, UN, UNCRO, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIKOM, UNMOGIP, UNMOT, UNOMIG, UNPREDEP, UNPROFOR, UNTSO, UPU, WEU {observer}, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTrO, ZC)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_chief_of_mission#denmark#Ambassador Knud-Erik TYGESEN)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_chancery#denmark#3200 Whitehaven Street NW, Washington, DC 20008)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_telephone#denmark#[1] {202} 234-4300)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_fax#denmark#[1] {202} 328-1470)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_consulate{s}_general#denmark#Chicago, Los Angeles, and New York)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_chief_of_mission#denmark#Ambassador Edward E. ELSON)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_embassy#denmark#Dag Hammarskjolds Alle 24, 2100 Copenhagen)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_mailing_address#denmark#APO AE 09716, PSC 73)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_telephone#denmark#[45] {31} 42 31 44)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_fax#denmark#[45] {35} 43 02 23)
(government_flag#denmark#red with a white cross that extends to the edges of the flag; the vertical part of the cross is shifted to the hoist side, and that design element of the Dannebrog {Danish flag} was subsequently adopted by the other Nordic countries of Finland, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden)
(economy_economic_overview#denmark#This thoroughly modern economy features high-tech agriculture, up-to-date small-scale and corporate industry, extensive government welfare measures, comfortable living standards, and high dependence on foreign trade. Denmark is self-sufficient in food production. The new center-left coalition government will concentrate on reducing the persistently high unemployment rate and the budget deficit as well as following the previous government's policies of maintaining low inflation and a current account surplus. In the face of recent international market pressure on the Danish krone, the coalition has also vowed to maintain a stable currency. The coalition hopes to lower marginal income taxes while maintaining overall tax revenues; boost industrial competitiveness through labor market and tax reforms and increased research and development funds; and improve welfare services for the neediest while cutting paperwork and delays. Prime Minister RASMUSSEN's reforms will focus on adapting Denmark to the criteria for European integration by 1999; Copenhagen has won from the European Union {EU} the right to opt out of the European Monetary Union {EMU} if a national referendum rejects it. Denmark is, in fact, one of the few EU countries likely to fit into the EMU on time. Denmark is weathering the current worldwide slump better than many West European countries. Although unemployment is high, it remains stable compared to most European countries.)
(economy_gdp#denmark#purchasing power parity - $112.8 billion {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_real_growth_rate#denmark#3.1% {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_per_capita#denmark#$21,700 {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_agriculture#denmark#3%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_industry#denmark#23.5%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_services#denmark#73.5% {1994})
(economy_inflation_rate_{consumer_prices}#denmark#2.4% {1995 est.})
(economy_labor_force#denmark#2,553,900)
(economy_labor_force_by_occupation#denmark#private services 37.1%, government services 30.4%, manufacturing and mining 20%, construction 6.3%, agriculture, forestry, and fishing 5.6%, electricity/gas/water 0.6% {1991})
(economy_unemployment_rate#denmark#9.5% {1995})
(economy_budget_revenues#denmark#$56.5 billion)
(economy_budget_expenditures#denmark#$64.4 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA {1994 est.})
(economy_industries#denmark#food processing, machinery and equipment, textiles and clothing, chemical products, electronics, construction, furniture, and other wood products, shipbuilding)
(economy_industrial_production_growth_rate#denmark#-2.5% {1993 est.})
(economy_electricity_capacity#denmark#10,030,000 kW)
(economy_electricity_production#denmark#32 billion kWh)
(economy_electricity_consumption_per_capita#denmark#5,835 kWh {1993})
(economy_agriculture#denmark#grain, potatoes, rape, sugar beets; meat, dairy products; fish)
(economy_exports#denmark#$39.6 billion {f.o.b., 1994})
(economy_exports_commodities#denmark#meat and meat products, dairy products, transport equipment {shipbuilding}, fish, chemicals, industrial machinery)
(economy_exports_partners#denmark#EU 49.4% {Germany 22.4%, UK 8.2%}, Sweden 10.4%, Norway 6.5%, US 5.5%, Japan 4.1%, FSU 1.7% {1994})
(economy_imports#denmark#$34 billion {c.i.f., 1994 est.})
(economy_imports_commodities#denmark#petroleum, machinery and equipment, chemicals, grain and foodstuffs, textiles, paper)
(economy_imports_partners#denmark#EU 51% {Germany 22%, UK 6.5%}, Sweden 11.6%, Norway 5.1%, US 5.2%, Japan 3.5%, FSU 1.7% {1994})
(economy_external_debt#denmark#$40.9 billion {1994 est.})
(economy_economic_aid_donor#denmark#ODA, $1.34 billion {1993})
(economy_currency#denmark#1 Danish krone {DKr} = 100 oere)
(economy_exchange_rates#denmark#Danish kroner {DKr} per US$1 - 5.652 {January 1996}, 5.602 {1995}, 6.361 {1994}, 6.484 {1993}, 6.036 {1992}, 6.396 {1991})
(economy_fiscal_year#denmark#calendar year)
(transportation_railways_total#denmark#2,848 km {499 km privately owned and operated})
(transportation_railways_standard_gauge#denmark#2,848 km 1.435-m gauge {326 km electrified; 760 km double track} {1995})
(transportation_highways_total#denmark#71,042 km)
(transportation_highways_paved#denmark#71,042 km {including 696 km of expressways})
(transportation_highways_unpaved#denmark#0 km {1992 est.})
(transportation_waterways#denmark#417 km)
(transportation_pipelines#denmark#crude oil 110 km; petroleum products 578 km; natural gas 700 km)
(transportation_ports#denmark#Alborg, Arhus, Copenhagen, Esbjerg, Fredericia, Grenaa, Koge, Odense, Struer)
(transportation_merchant_marine_total#denmark#334 ships {1,000 GRT or over} totaling 5,013,054 GRT/7,171,871 DWT)
(transportation_merchant_marine_ships_by_type#denmark#bulk 13, cargo 114, chemical tanker 25, container 65, liquefied gas tanker 27, livestock carrier 5, oil tanker 31, railcar carrier 1, refrigerated cargo 17, roll-on/roll-off cargo 26, short-sea passenger 9, specialized tanker 1)
(transportation_merchant_marine_note#denmark#Denmark has created its own internal register, called the Danish International Ship register {DIS}; DIS ships do not have to meet Danish manning regulations, and they amount to a flag of convenience within the Danish register {1995 est.})
(transportation_airports_total#denmark#109)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_over_3,047_m#denmark#2)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_2,438_to_3,047_m#denmark#7)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_1,524_to_2,437_m#denmark#3)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_914_to_1,523_m#denmark#13)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_under_914_m#denmark#77)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_1,524_to_2,437_m#denmark#1)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_914_to_1,523_m#denmark#6 {1995 est.})
(communications_telephones#denmark#4.005 million {1985 est.})
(communications_telephone_system#denmark#excellent telephone and telegraph services)
(communications_telephone_system_domestic#denmark#buried and submarine cables and microwave radio relay form trunk network)
(communications_telephone_system_international#denmark#19 submarine coaxial cables; satellite earth stations - 7 Intelsat, NA Eutelsat, and 1 Inmarsat {Atlantic and Indian Ocean Regions}; note - Denmark shares the Inmarsat earth station with the other Nordic countries {Finland, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden})
(communications_radio_broadcast_stations#denmark#AM 3, FM 2, shortwave 0)
(communications_radios#denmark#NA)
(communications_television_broadcast_stations#denmark#2)
(communications_televisions#denmark#2.04 million {1992 est.})
(defense_branches#denmark#Royal Danish Army, Royal Danish Navy, Royal Danish Air Force, Home Guard)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_age_15-49#denmark#1,338,791)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_fit_for_military_service#denmark#1,150,996)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_reach_military_age_{20}_annually#denmark#34,324 {1996 est.})
(defense_defense_expenditures#denmark#exchange rate conversion - $3.2 billion, 1.8% of GDP {1995})
(geography_location#djibouti#Eastern Africa, bordering the Gulf of Aden and the Red Sea, between Eritrea and Somalia)
(geography_geographic_coordinates#djibouti#11 30 N, 43 00 E)
(geography_map_references#djibouti#Africa)
(geography_area_total_area#djibouti#22,000 sq km)
(geography_area_land_area#djibouti#21,980 sq km)
(geography_area_comparative_area#djibouti#slightly larger than Massachusetts)
(geography_land_boundaries_total#djibouti#508 km)
(geography_land_boundaries_border_countries#djibouti#Eritrea 113 km, Ethiopia 337 km, Somalia 58 km)
(geography_coastline#djibouti#314 km)
(geography_maritime_claims_contiguous_zone#djibouti#24 nm)
(geography_maritime_claims_exclusive_economic_zone#djibouti#200 nm)
(geography_maritime_claims_territorial_sea#djibouti#12 nm)
(geography_international_disputes#djibouti#none)
(geography_climate#djibouti#desert; torrid, dry)
(geography_terrain#djibouti#coastal plain and plateau separated by central mountains)
(geography_terrain_lowest_point#djibouti#Asal -155 m)
(geography_terrain_highest_point#djibouti#Mousa Alli 2,028 m)
(geography_natural_resources#djibouti#geothermal areas)
(geography_land_use_arable_land#djibouti#0%)
(geography_land_use_permanent_crops#djibouti#0%)
(geography_land_use_meadows_and_pastures#djibouti#9%)
(geography_land_use_forest_and_woodland#djibouti#0%)
(geography_land_use_other#djibouti#91%)
(geography_irrigated_land#djibouti#NA sq km)
(geography_environment_current_issues#djibouti#inadequate supplies of potable water; desertification)
(geography_environment_natural_hazards#djibouti#earthquakes; droughts; occasional cyclonic disturbances from the Indian Ocean bring heavy rains and flash floods)
(geography_environment_international_agreements#djibouti#party to - Biodiversity, Climate Change, Endangered Species, Law of the Sea, Ship Pollution; signed, but not ratified - Desertification)
(geography_geographic_note#djibouti#strategic location near world's busiest shipping lanes and close to Arabian oilfields; terminus of rail traffic into Ethiopia; a vast wasteland)
(people_population#djibouti#427,642 {July 1996 est.})
(people_age_structure_0-14_years#djibouti#43% {male 91,687; female 91,242})
(people_age_structure_15-64_years#djibouti#55% {male 123,699; female 110,530})
(people_age_structure_65_years_and_over#djibouti#2% {male 5,389; female 5,095} {July 1996 est.})
(people_population_growth_rate#djibouti#1.5% {1996 est.})
(people_birth_rate#djibouti#42.5 births/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_death_rate#djibouti#15.26 deaths/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_net_migration_rate#djibouti#-12.28 migrant{s}/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_sex_ratio_at_birth#djibouti#1.03 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_under_15_years#djibouti#1 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_15-64_years#djibouti#1.12 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_65_years_and_over#djibouti#1.06 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_all_ages#djibouti#1.07 male{s}/female {1996 est.})
(people_infant_mortality_rate#djibouti#106.7 deaths/1,000 live births {1996 est.})
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_total_population#djibouti#50.15 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_male#djibouti#48.24 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_female#djibouti#52.12 years {1996 est.})
(people_total_fertility_rate#djibouti#6.08 children born/woman {1996 est.})
(people_nationality_noun#djibouti#Djiboutian{s})
(people_nationality_adjective#djibouti#Djiboutian)
(people_ethnic_divisions#djibouti#Somali 60%, Afar 35%, French, Arab, Ethiopian, and Italian 5%)
(people_religions#djibouti#Muslim 94%, Christian 6%)
(people_languages#djibouti#French {official}, Arabic {official}, Somali, Afar)
(people_literacy#djibouti#age 15 and over can read and write {1995 est.})
(people_literacy_total_population#djibouti#46.2%)
(people_literacy_male#djibouti#60.3%)
(people_literacy_female#djibouti#32.7%)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_long_form#djibouti#Republic of Djibouti)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_short_form#djibouti#Djibouti)
(government_name_of_country_former#djibouti#French Territory of the Afars and Issas, French Somaliland)
(government_data_code#djibouti#DJ)
(government_type_of_government#djibouti#republic)
(government_capital#djibouti#Djibouti)
(government_administrative_divisions#djibouti#5 districts {cercles, singular - cercle}; 'Ali Sabih, Dikhil, Djibouti, Obock, Tadjoura)
(government_independence#djibouti#27 June 1977 {from France})
(government_national_holiday#djibouti#Independence Day, 27 June {1977})
(government_constitution#djibouti#multiparty constitution approved in referendum 4 September 1992)
(government_legal_system#djibouti#based on French civil law system, traditional practices, and Islamic law)
(government_suffrage#djibouti#NA years of age; universal adult)
(government_executive_branch_chief_of_state#djibouti#President HASSAN GOULED Aptidon {since 24 June 1977}; election last held 7 May 1993 {next to be held NA 1999}; results - President HASSAN GOULED reelected to a six-year term by universal suffrage)
(government_executive_branch_head_of_government#djibouti#Prime Minister BARKAT Gourad Hamadou {since 30 September 1978})
(government_executive_branch_cabinet#djibouti#Council of Ministers is responsible to the president)
(government_legislative_branch#djibouti#unicameral)
(government_chamber_of_deputies_{chambre_des_deputes}#djibouti#elections last held 18 December 1992; results - RPP {the ruling party} dominated; seats - {65 total} RPP 65)
(government_judicial_branch#djibouti#Supreme Court {Cour Supreme})
(government_political_parties_and_leaders_ruling_party#djibouti#People's Progress Assembly {RPP}, Hassan GOULED Aptidon)
(government_political_parties_and_leaders_other_parties#djibouti#Democratic Renewal Party {PRD}, Mohamed Jama ELABE; Democratic National Party {PND}, ADEN Robleh Awaleh)
(government_other_political_or_pressure_groups#djibouti#Front for the Restoration of Unity and Democracy {FRUD} and affiliates; Movement for Unity and Democracy {MUD})
(government_international_organization_participation#djibouti#ACCT, ACP, AfDB, AFESD, AL, ECA, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IGADD, ILO, IMF, IMO, Intelsat {nonsignatory user}, Interpol, IOC, ITU, NAM, OAU, OIC, UN, UNAMIR, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNMIH, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WMO, WTrO)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_chief_of_mission#djibouti#Ambassador ROBLE Olhaye Oudine)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_chancery#djibouti#Suite 515, 1156 15th Street NW, Washington, DC 20005)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_telephone#djibouti#[1] {202} 331-0270)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_fax#djibouti#[1] {202} 331-0302)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_chief_of_mission#djibouti#Ambassador Martin L. CHESHES)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_embassy#djibouti#Plateau du Serpent, Boulevard Marechal Joffre, Djibouti)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_mailing_address#djibouti#B. P. 185, Djibouti)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_telephone#djibouti#[253] 35 39 95)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_fax#djibouti#[253] 35 39 40)
(government_flag#djibouti#two equal horizontal bands of light blue {top} and light green with a white isosceles triangle based on the hoist side bearing a red five-pointed star in the center)
(economy_economic_overview#djibouti#The economy is based on service activities connected with the country's strategic location and status as a free trade zone in northeast Africa. Two-thirds of the inhabitants live in the capital city, the remainder being mostly nomadic herders. Scanty rainfall limits crop production to fruits and vegetables, and most food must be imported. Djibouti provides services as both a transit port for the region and an international transshipment and refueling center. It has few natural resources and little industry. The nation is, therefore, heavily dependent on foreign assistance {an important supplement to GDP} to help support its balance of payments and to finance development projects. An unemployment rate of over 30% continues to be a major problem. Per capita consumption dropped an estimated 35% over the last six years because of recession, civil war, and a high population growth rate {including immigrants and refugees}.)
(economy_gdp#djibouti#purchasing power parity - $500 million {1994 est.})
(economy_gdp_real_growth_rate#djibouti#-3% {1994 est.})
(economy_gdp_per_capita#djibouti#$1,200 {1994 est.})
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_agriculture#djibouti#3%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_industry#djibouti#21%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_services#djibouti#76% {1993 est.})
(economy_inflation_rate_{consumer_prices}#djibouti#6% {1993 est.})
(economy_labor_force#djibouti#282,000)
(economy_labor_force_by_occupation#djibouti#agriculture 75%, industry 11%, services 14% {1991 est.})
(economy_unemployment_rate#djibouti#over 30% {1994 est.})
(economy_budget_revenues#djibouti#$164 million)
(economy_budget_expenditures#djibouti#$201 million, including capital expenditures of $16 million {1993 est.})
(economy_industries#djibouti#limited to a few small-scale enterprises, such as dairy products and mineral-water bottling)
(economy_industrial_production_growth_rate#djibouti#NA%)
(economy_electricity_capacity#djibouti#90,000 kW)
(economy_electricity_production#djibouti#170 million kWh)
(economy_electricity_consumption_per_capita#djibouti#398 kWh {1993})
(economy_agriculture#djibouti#fruits, vegetables; goats, sheep, camels)
(economy_exports#djibouti#$184 million {f.o.b., 1994 est.})
(economy_exports_commodities#djibouti#hides and skins, coffee {in transit})
(economy_exports_partners#djibouti#Somalia 48%, Yemen 42%)
(economy_imports#djibouti#$384 million {f.o.b., 1994 est.})
(economy_imports_commodities#djibouti#foods, beverages, transport equipment, chemicals, petroleum products)
(economy_imports_partners#djibouti#France, UK, Saudi Arabia, Bahrain, South Korea)
(economy_external_debt#djibouti#$227 million {1993 est.})
(economy_economic_aid_recipient#djibouti#ODA, $NA)
(economy_currency#djibouti#1 Djiboutian franc {DF} = 100 centimes)
(economy_exchange_rates#djibouti#Djiboutian francs {DF} per US$1 - 177.721 {fixed rate since 1973})
(economy_fiscal_year#djibouti#calendar year)
(transportation_railways_total#djibouti#97 km {Djibouti segment of the Addis Ababa-Djibouti railroad})
(transportation_railways_narrow_gauge#djibouti#97 km 1.000-m gauge)
(transportation_highways_total#djibouti#2,879 km)
(transportation_highways_paved#djibouti#363 km)
(transportation_highways_unpaved#djibouti#2,516 km {1991 est.})
(transportation_ports#djibouti#Djibouti)
(transportation_merchant_marine_total#djibouti#1 cargo ship {1,000 GRT or over} totaling 1,369 GRT/3,030 DWT {1995 est.})
(transportation_airports#djibouti#11)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_over_3,047_m#djibouti#1)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_2,438_to_3,047_m#djibouti#1)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_under_914_m#djibouti#2)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_1,524_to_2,437_m#djibouti#2)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_914_to_1,523_m#djibouti#5 {1995 est.})
(communications_telephones#djibouti#7,200 {1986 est.})
(communications_telephone_system#djibouti#telephone facilities in the city of Djibouti are adequate as are the microwave radio relay connections to outlying areas of the country)
(communications_telephone_system_domestic#djibouti#microwave radio relay network)
(communications_telephone_system_international#djibouti#submarine cable to Saudi Arabia; satellite earth stations - 1 Intelsat {Indian Ocean} and 1 Arabsat)
(communications_radio_broadcast_stations#djibouti#AM 2, FM 2, shortwave 0)
(communications_radios#djibouti#NA)
(communications_television_broadcast_stations#djibouti#1)
(communications_televisions#djibouti#17,000 {1993 est.})
(defense_branches#djibouti#Djibouti National Army {includes Navy and Air Force}, National Security Force {Force Nationale de Securite}, National Police Force)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_age_15-49#djibouti#102,528)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_fit_for_military_service#djibouti#60,076 {1996 est.})
(defense_defense_expenditures#djibouti#exchange rate conversion - $26 million, NA% of GDP {1989})
(geography_location#dominica#Caribbean, island between the Caribbean Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean, about one-half of the way from Puerto Rico to Trinidad and Tobago)
(geography_geographic_coordinates#dominica#13 30 N, 61 20 W)
(geography_map_references#dominica#Central America and the Caribbean)
(geography_area_total_area#dominica#750 sq km)
(geography_area_land_area#dominica#750 sq km)
(geography_area_comparative_area#dominica#more than four times the size of Washington, DC)
(geography_land_boundaries#dominica#0 km)
(geography_coastline#dominica#148 km)
(geography_maritime_claims_contiguous_zone#dominica#24 nm)
(geography_maritime_claims_exclusive_economic_zone#dominica#200 nm)
(geography_maritime_claims_territorial_sea#dominica#12 nm)
(geography_international_disputes#dominica#none)
(geography_climate#dominica#tropical; moderated by northeast trade winds; heavy rainfall)
(geography_terrain#dominica#rugged mountains of volcanic origin)
(geography_terrain_lowest_point#dominica#Caribbean Sea 0 m)
(geography_terrain_highest_point#dominica#Morne Diablatins 1,447 m)
(geography_natural_resources#dominica#timber)
(geography_land_use_arable_land#dominica#9%)
(geography_land_use_permanent_crops#dominica#13%)
(geography_land_use_meadows_and_pastures#dominica#3%)
(geography_land_use_forest_and_woodland#dominica#41%)
(geography_land_use_other#dominica#34%)
(geography_irrigated_land#dominica#NA sq km)
(geography_environment_current_issues#dominica#NA)
(geography_environment_natural_hazards#dominica#flash floods are a constant threat; destructive hurricanes can be expected during the late summer months)
(geography_environment_international_agreements#dominica#party to - Biodiversity, Climate Change, Environmental Modification, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Whaling)
(people_population#dominica#82,926 {July 1996 est.})
(people_age_structure_0-14_years#dominica#28% {male 11,986; female 11,521})
(people_age_structure_15-64_years#dominica#64% {male 27,206; female 25,841})
(people_age_structure_65_years_and_over#dominica#8% {male 2,608; female 3,764} {July 1996 est.})
(people_population_growth_rate#dominica#0.38% {1996 est.})
(people_birth_rate#dominica#18.38 births/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_death_rate#dominica#5.31 deaths/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_net_migration_rate#dominica#-9.32 migrant{s}/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_sex_ratio_at_birth#dominica#1.05 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_under_15_years#dominica#1.04 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_15-64_years#dominica#1.05 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_65_years_and_over#dominica#0.69 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_all_ages#dominica#1.02 male{s}/female {1996 est.})
(people_infant_mortality_rate#dominica#9.6 deaths/1,000 live births {1996 est.})
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_total_population#dominica#77.4 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_male#dominica#74.55 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_female#dominica#80.4 years {1996 est.})
(people_total_fertility_rate#dominica#1.93 children born/woman {1996 est.})
(people_nationality_noun#dominica#Dominican{s})
(people_nationality_adjective#dominica#Dominican)
(people_ethnic_divisions#dominica#black, Carib Indians)
(people_religions#dominica#Roman Catholic 77%, Protestant 15% {Methodist 5%, Pentecostal 3%, Seventh-Day Adventist 3%, Baptist 2%, other 2%}, none 2%, unknown 1%, other 5%)
(people_languages#dominica#English {official}, French patois)
(people_literacy#dominica#age 15 and over has ever attended school {1970 est.})
(people_literacy_total_population#dominica#94%)
(people_literacy_male#dominica#94%)
(people_literacy_female#dominica#94%)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_long_form#dominica#Commonwealth of Dominica)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_short_form#dominica#Dominica)
(government_data_code#dominica#DO)
(government_type_of_government#dominica#parliamentary democracy)
(government_capital#dominica#Roseau)
(government_administrative_divisions#dominica#10 parishes; Saint Andrew, Saint David, Saint George, Saint John, Saint Joseph, Saint Luke, Saint Mark, Saint Patrick, Saint Paul, Saint Peter)
(government_independence#dominica#3 November 1978 {from UK})
(government_national_holiday#dominica#Independence Day, 3 November {1978})
(government_constitution#dominica#3 November 1978)
(government_legal_system#dominica#based on English common law)
(government_suffrage#dominica#18 years of age; universal)
(government_executive_branch_chief_of_state#dominica#President Crispin Anselm SORHAINDO {since 25 October 1993} was elected for a five-year term by the House of Assembly; election last held 4 October 1993 {next to be held NA October 1998}; results - percent of vote NA)
(government_executive_branch_head_of_government#dominica#Prime Minister Edison C. JAMES {since 12 June 1995}; prime minister is appointed by the president)
(government_executive_branch_cabinet#dominica#Cabinet was appointed by the president on the advice of the prime minister)
(government_legislative_branch#dominica#unicameral)
(government_house_of_assembly#dominica#elections last held 12 June 1995 {next to be held by October 2000}; results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - {30 total; 9 appointed senators and 21 elected representatives} UWP 11, DLP 5, DFP 5)
(government_judicial_branch#dominica#Eastern Caribbean Supreme Court {located in Santa Lucia}, one of the six judges must reside in Dominica and preside over the Court of Summary Jurisdiction)
(government_political_parties_and_leaders#dominica#Dominica Freedom Party {DFP}, Brian ALLEYNE; Dominica Labor Party {DLP}, Rosie DOUGLAS; United Workers Party {UWP}, Edison JAMES)
(government_other_political_or_pressure_groups#dominica#Dominica Liberation Movement {DLM}, a small leftist group)
(government_international_organization_participation#dominica#ACCT, ACP, C, Caricom, CDB, ECLAC, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, NAM {observer}, OAS, OECS, OPANAL, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCL, WHO, WMO, WTrO)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us#dominica#Dominica does not have an embassy in the US)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_consulate{s}_general#dominica#New York)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation#dominica#the US does not have an embassy in Dominica; the Ambassador to Dominica resides in Bridgetown {Barbados}, but travels frequently to Dominica)
(government_flag#dominica#green with a centered cross of three equal bands - the vertical part is yellow {hoist side}, black, and white - the horizontal part is yellow {top}, black, and white; superimposed in the center of the cross is a red disk bearing a sisserou parrot encircled by 10 green five-pointed stars edged in yellow; the 10 stars represent the 10 administrative divisions {parishes})
(economy_economic_overview#dominica#The economy is dependent on agriculture and thus is highly vulnerable to climatic conditions. Agriculture accounts for 26% of GDP and employs 40% of the labor force. Development of the tourist industry remains difficult because of the rugged coastline and the lack of an international airport. Hurricane Luis devastated the country's banana crop in September 1995; tropical storms had wiped out one-quarter of the crop in 1994 as well. The newly elected government is attempting to develop an offshore financial industry in order to diversify the island's production base.)
(economy_gdp#dominica#purchasing power parity - $200 million {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_real_growth_rate#dominica#-1% {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_per_capita#dominica#$2,450 {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_agriculture#dominica#26%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_industry#dominica#NA%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_services#dominica#NA% {1995})
(economy_inflation_rate_{consumer_prices}#dominica#0.4% {1995})
(economy_labor_force#dominica#25,000)
(economy_labor_force_by_occupation#dominica#agriculture 40%, industry and commerce 32%, services 28% {1984})
(economy_unemployment_rate#dominica#15% {1992 est.})
(economy_budget_revenues#dominica#$80 million)
(economy_budget_expenditures#dominica#$95.8 million, including capital expenditures of $NA {FY95/96 est.})
(economy_industries#dominica#soap, coconut oil, tourism, copra, furniture, cement blocks, shoes)
(economy_industrial_production_growth_rate#dominica#-10% {1994 est.})
(economy_electricity_capacity#dominica#7,000 kW)
(economy_electricity_production#dominica#30 million kWh)
(economy_electricity_consumption_per_capita#dominica#347 kWh {1993})
(economy_agriculture#dominica#bananas, citrus, mangoes, root crops, coconuts; forestry and fisheries potential not exploited)
(economy_illicit_drugs#dominica#transshipment point for narcotics bound for the US and Europe; minor cannabis producer)
(economy_exports#dominica#$48.3 million {f.o.b., 1993})
(economy_exports_commodities#dominica#bananas, soap, bay oil, vegetables, grapefruit, oranges)
(economy_exports_partners#dominica#UK 55%, Caricom countries, Italy, US)
(economy_imports#dominica#$98.8 million {f.o.b., 1993})
(economy_imports_commodities#dominica#manufactured goods, machinery and equipment, food, chemicals)
(economy_imports_partners#dominica#US 25%, Caricom, UK, Japan, Canada)
(economy_external_debt#dominica#$92.8 million {1992})
(economy_economic_aid_recipient#dominica#ODA, $NA)
(economy_currency#dominica#1 EC dollar {EC$} = 100 cents)
(economy_exchange_rates#dominica#East Caribbean dollars {EC$} per US$1 - 2.70 {fixed rate since 1976})
(economy_fiscal_year#dominica#1 July - 30 June)
(transportation_railways#dominica#0 km)
(transportation_highways_total#dominica#800 km)
(transportation_highways_paved#dominica#500 km)
(transportation_highways_unpaved#dominica#300 km)
(transportation_ports#dominica#Portsmouth, Roseau)
(transportation_merchant_marine#dominica#none)
(transportation_airports_total#dominica#2)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_914_to_1,523_m#dominica#1)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_under_914_m#dominica#1 {1995 est.})
(communications_telephones#dominica#14,613 {1993 est.})
(communications_telephone_system_domestic#dominica#fully automatic network)
(communications_telephone_system_international#dominica#microwave radio relay and SHF radiotelephone links to Martinique and Guadeloupe; VHF and UHF radiotelephone links to Saint Lucia)
(communications_radio_broadcast_stations#dominica#AM 3, FM 2, shortwave 0)
(communications_radios#dominica#45,000 {1993 est.})
(communications_television_broadcast_stations#dominica#1 cable)
(communications_televisions#dominica#5,200 {1993 est.})
(defense_branches#dominica#Commonwealth of Dominica Police Force {includes Special Service Unit, Coast Guard})
(defense_manpower_availability_males_age_15-49#dominica#NA)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_fit_for_military_service#dominica#NA)
(defense_defense_expenditures#dominica#$NA, NA% of GDP)
(geography_location#dominican_republic#Caribbean, eastern two-thirds of the island of Hispaniola, between the Caribbean Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean, east of Haiti)
(geography_geographic_coordinates#dominican_republic#19 00 N, 70 40 W)
(geography_map_references#dominican_republic#Central America and the Caribbean)
(geography_area_total_area#dominican_republic#48,730 sq km)
(geography_area_land_area#dominican_republic#48,380 sq km)
(geography_area_comparative_area#dominican_republic#slightly more than twice the size of New Hampshire)
(geography_land_boundaries_total#dominican_republic#275 km)
(geography_land_boundaries_border_country#dominican_republic#Haiti 275 km)
(geography_coastline#dominican_republic#1,288 km)
(geography_maritime_claims_contiguous_zone#dominican_republic#24 nm)
(geography_maritime_claims_continental_shelf#dominican_republic#200 nm or to the edge of the continental margin)
(geography_maritime_claims_exclusive_economic_zone#dominican_republic#200 nm)
(geography_maritime_claims_territorial_sea#dominican_republic#6 nm)
(geography_international_disputes#dominican_republic#none)
(geography_climate#dominican_republic#tropical maritime; little seasonal temperature variation; seasonal variation in rainfall)
(geography_terrain#dominican_republic#rugged highlands and mountains with fertile valleys interspersed)
(geography_terrain_lowest_point#dominican_republic#Lago Enriquillo -46 m)
(geography_terrain_highest_point#dominican_republic#Pico Duarte 3,175 m)
(geography_natural_resources#dominican_republic#nickel, bauxite, gold, silver)
(geography_land_use_arable_land#dominican_republic#23%)
(geography_land_use_permanent_crops#dominican_republic#7%)
(geography_land_use_meadows_and_pastures#dominican_republic#43%)
(geography_land_use_forest_and_woodland#dominican_republic#13%)
(geography_land_use_other#dominican_republic#14%)
(geography_irrigated_land#dominican_republic#2,250 sq km {1989})
(geography_environment_current_issues#dominican_republic#water shortages; soil eroding into the sea damages coral reefs; deforestation)
(geography_environment_natural_hazards#dominican_republic#occasional hurricanes {July to October})
(geography_environment_international_agreements#dominican_republic#party to - Endangered Species, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection; signed, but not ratified - Biodiversity, Climate Change, Law of the Sea)
(geography_geographic_note#dominican_republic#shares island of Hispaniola with Haiti {eastern two-thirds is the Dominican Republic, western one-third is Haiti})
(people_population#dominican_republic#8,088,881 {July 1996 est.})
(people_age_structure_0-14_years#dominican_republic#34% {male 1,401,322; female 1,355,530})
(people_age_structure_15-64_years#dominican_republic#62% {male 2,541,356; female 2,460,509})
(people_age_structure_65_years_and_over#dominican_republic#4% {male 156,238; female 173,926} {July 1996 est.})
(people_population_growth_rate#dominican_republic#1.73% {1996 est.})
(people_birth_rate#dominican_republic#23.51 births/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_death_rate#dominican_republic#5.66 deaths/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_net_migration_rate#dominican_republic#-0.53 migrant{s}/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_sex_ratio_at_birth#dominican_republic#1.05 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_under_15_years#dominican_republic#1.03 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_15-64_years#dominican_republic#1.03 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_65_years_and_over#dominican_republic#0.9 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_all_ages#dominican_republic#1.03 male{s}/female {1996 est.})
(people_infant_mortality_rate#dominican_republic#47.7 deaths/1,000 live births {1996 est.})
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_total_population#dominican_republic#69.06 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_male#dominican_republic#66.89 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_female#dominican_republic#71.34 years {1996 est.})
(people_total_fertility_rate#dominican_republic#2.66 children born/woman {1996 est.})
(people_nationality_noun#dominican_republic#Dominican{s})
(people_nationality_adjective#dominican_republic#Dominican)
(people_ethnic_divisions#dominican_republic#white 16%, black 11%, mixed 73%)
(people_religions#dominican_republic#Roman Catholic 95%)
(people_languages#dominican_republic#Spanish)
(people_literacy#dominican_republic#age 15 and over can read and write {1995 est.})
(people_literacy_total_population#dominican_republic#82.1%)
(people_literacy_male#dominican_republic#82%)
(people_literacy_female#dominican_republic#82.2%)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_long_form#dominican_republic#Dominican Republic)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_short_form#dominican_republic#none)
(government_name_of_country_local_long_form#dominican_republic#Republica Dominicana)
(government_name_of_country_local_short_form#dominican_republic#none)
(government_data_code#dominican_republic#DR)
(government_type_of_government#dominican_republic#republic)
(government_capital#dominican_republic#Santo Domingo)
(government_administrative_divisions#dominican_republic#29 provinces {provincias, singular - provincia} and 1 district* {distrito}; Azua, Baoruco, Barahona, Dajabon, Distrito Nacional*, Duarte, Elias Pina, El Seibo, Espaillat, Hato Mayor, Independencia, La Altagracia, La Romana, La Vega, Maria Trinidad Sanchez, Monsenor Nouel, Monte Cristi, Monte Plata, Pedernales, Peravia, Puerto Plata, Salcedo, Samana, Sanchez Ramirez, San Cristobal, San Juan, San Pedro de Macoris, Santiago, Santiago Rodriguez, Valverde)
(government_independence#dominican_republic#27 February 1844 {from Haiti})
(government_national_holiday#dominican_republic#Independence Day, 27 February {1844})
(government_constitution#dominican_republic#28 November 1966)
(government_legal_system#dominican_republic#based on French civil codes)
(government_suffrage#dominican_republic#18 years of age, universal and compulsory; married persons regardless of age)
(government_suffrage_note#dominican_republic#members of the armed forces and police cannot vote)
(government_executive_branch_chief_of_state_and_head_of_government#dominican_republic#President Joaquin BALAGUER Ricardo {since 16 August 1986, sixth elected term began 16 August 1994}; Vice President Jacinto PEYNADO Garrigoza {since 16 August 1994}; president is elected for a four-year term by direct vote; election last held 16 May 1994 {next to be held 16 May 1996}; results - Joaquin BALAGUER {PRSC} 42.6%, Juan BOSCH Gavino {PLD} 13.2%, Jose Francisco PENA Gomez {PRD} 41.9%, Jacobo MAJLUTA {PRI} 2.3%)
(government_executive_branch_cabinet#dominican_republic#Cabinet was nominated by the president)
(government_legislative_branch#dominican_republic#bicameral National Congress {Congreso Nacional})
(government_senate_{senado}#dominican_republic#elections last held 16 May 1994 {next to be held NA May 1998}; results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - {30 total} PRSC 15, PLD 1, PRD 14)
(government_chamber_of_deputies_{camara_de_diputados}#dominican_republic#elections last held 16 May 1994 {next to be held NA May 1998}; results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - {120 total} PLD 13, PRSC 50, PRD 57)
(government_judicial_branch#dominican_republic#Supreme Court {Corte Suprema}, judges are elected by the Senate)
(government_political_parties_and_leaders_major_parties#dominican_republic#Social Christian Reformist Party {PRSC}, Joaquin BALAGUER Ricardo; Dominican Liberation Party {PLD}, Lidio CADET; Dominican Revolutionary Party {PRD}, Jose Franciso PENA Gomez; Independent Revolutionary Party {PRI}, Jacobo MAJLUTA)
(government_political_parties_and_leaders_minor_parties#dominican_republic#National Veterans and Civilian Party {PNVC}, Juan Rene BEAUCHAMPS Javier; Liberal Party of the Dominican Republic {PLRD}, Andres Van Der HORST; Democratic Quisqueyan Party {PQD}, Elias WESSIN Chavez; National Progressive Force {FNP}, Marino VINICIO Castillo; Popular Christian Party {PPC}, Rogelio DELGADO Bogaert; Dominican Communist Party {PCD}, Narciso ISA Conde; Dominican Workers' Party {PTD}, Ivan RODRIGUEZ; Anti-Imperialist Patriotic Union {UPA}, Ignacio RODRIGUEZ Chiappini; Alliance for Democracy Party {APD}, Maximilano Rabelais PUIG Miller, Nelsida MARMOLEJOS, Vicente BENGOA; Democratic Union {UD}, Fernando ALVAREZ Bogaert)
(government_political_parties_and_leaders_note#dominican_republic#in 1983 several leftist parties, including the PCD, joined to form the Dominican Leftist Front {FID}; however, they still retain individual party structures)
(government_other_political_or_pressure_groups#dominican_republic#Collective of Popular Organizations {COP})
(government_international_organization_participation#dominican_republic#ACP, Caricom {observer}, ECLAC, FAO, G-11, G-77, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ITU, LAES, LAIA {observer}, NAM {guest}, OAS, OPANAL, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_chief_of_mission#dominican_republic#Ambassador Jose del Carmen ARIZA Gomez)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_chancery#dominican_republic#1715 22nd Street NW, Washington, DC 20008)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_telephone#dominican_republic#[1] {202} 332-6280)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_fax#dominican_republic#[1] {202} 265-8057)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_consulate{s}_general#dominican_republic#Boston, Chicago, Los Angeles, Mayaguez {Puerto Rico}, Miami, New Orleans, New York, Philadelphia, San Francisco, and San Juan {Puerto Rico})
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_consulate{s}#dominican_republic#Charlotte Amalie {Virgin Islands}, Detroit, Houston, Jacksonville, Mobile, and Ponce {Puerto Rico})
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_chief_of_mission#dominican_republic#Ambassador Donna Jean HRINAK)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_embassy#dominican_republic#corner of Calle Cesar Nicolas Penson and Calle Leopoldo Navarro, Santo Domingo)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_mailing_address#dominican_republic#Unit 5500, APO AA 34041)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_telephone#dominican_republic#[1] {809} 221-2171, 221-8100)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_fax#dominican_republic#[1] {809} 686-7437)
(government_flag#dominican_republic#a centered white cross that extends to the edges, divides the flag into four rectangles - the top ones are blue {hoist side} and red, the bottom ones are red {hoist side} and blue; a small coat of arms is at the center of the cross)
(economy_economic_overview#dominican_republic#Economic reforms launched in late 1994 contributed to exchange rate stabilization, reduced inflation, and relatively strong GDP growth in 1995. Output growth was concentrated in the tourism and free trade zone {ftz} sectors while sugar and non-ftz manufacturing declined last year. Drought in early 1995 hurt agricultural production but favorable world prices for export commodities helped mitigate the impact. Sugar refining was devastated by a disastrous harvest resulting from the drought and ongoing problems at the state-owned sugar company. Unreliable electric supplies continue to hamper expansion in manufacturing; small and medium-sized retail firms also suffer due to the dismal power situation. A presidential election scheduled for May 1996 could lead to increased government spending before and in the immediate aftermath of the vote, raising the potential for rising inflation and increased pressure on the Dominican peso.)
(economy_gdp#dominican_republic#purchasing power parity - $26.8 billion {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_real_growth_rate#dominican_republic#3.5% {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_per_capita#dominican_republic#$3,400 {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_agriculture#dominican_republic#13%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_industry#dominican_republic#32%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_services#dominican_republic#55% {1995})
(economy_inflation_rate_{consumer_prices}#dominican_republic#9.5% {1995})
(economy_labor_force#dominican_republic#2.3 million to 2.6 million)
(economy_labor_force_by_occupation#dominican_republic#agriculture 50%, services and government 32%, industry 18% {1991 est.})
(economy_unemployment_rate#dominican_republic#30% {1995 est.})
(economy_budget_revenues#dominican_republic#$1.8 billion)
(economy_budget_expenditures#dominican_republic#$2.2 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA {1994 est.})
(economy_industries#dominican_republic#tourism, sugar processing, ferronickel and gold mining, textiles, cement, tobacco)
(economy_industrial_production_growth_rate#dominican_republic#6.3% {1995 est.})
(economy_electricity_capacity#dominican_republic#1,450,000 kW)
(economy_electricity_production#dominican_republic#5.4 billion kWh)
(economy_electricity_consumption_per_capita#dominican_republic#651 kWh {1993})
(economy_agriculture#dominican_republic#sugarcane, coffee, cotton, cocoa, tobacco, rice, beans, potatoes, corn, bananas; cattle, pigs, dairy products, meat, eggs)
(economy_illicit_drugs#dominican_republic#transshipment point for South American drugs destined for the US and Europe)
(economy_exports#dominican_republic#$837.7 million {f.o.b., 1995})
(economy_exports_commodities#dominican_republic#ferronickel, sugar, gold, coffee, cocoa)
(economy_exports_partners#dominican_republic#US 47.5%, EC 22%, Puerto Rico 8.4%, Asia 6.7% {1994})
(economy_imports#dominican_republic#$2.867 billion {f.o.b., 1995})
(economy_imports_commodities#dominican_republic#foodstuffs, petroleum, cotton and fabrics, chemicals and pharmaceuticals)
(economy_imports_partners#dominican_republic#US 60% {1993})
(economy_external_debt#dominican_republic#$4.6 billion {1994})
(economy_economic_aid_recipient#dominican_republic#ODA, $21 million {1993})
(economy_currency#dominican_republic#1 Dominican peso {RD$} = 100 centavos)
(economy_exchange_rates#dominican_republic#Dominican pesos {RD$} per US$1 - 13.589 {December 1995}, 13.617 {1995}, 13.160 {1994}, 12.676 {1993}, 12.774 {1992}, 12.692 {1991})
(economy_fiscal_year#dominican_republic#calendar year)
(transportation_railways_total#dominican_republic#757 km)
(transportation_railways_standard_gauge#dominican_republic#375 km 1.435-m gauge {Central Romana Railroad})
(transportation_railways_narrow_gauge#dominican_republic#142 km 0.762-m gauge {Dominica Government Railway}; 240 km operated by sugar companies in various gauges {0.558-m, 0.762-m, 1.067-m gauges} {1995})
(transportation_highways_total#dominican_republic#11,931 km)
(transportation_highways_paved#dominican_republic#5,766 km)
(transportation_highways_unpaved#dominican_republic#6,165 km {1987 est.})
(transportation_pipelines#dominican_republic#crude oil 96 km; petroleum products 8 km)
(transportation_ports#dominican_republic#Barahona, La Romana, Puerto Plata, San Pedro de Macoris, Santo Domingo)
(transportation_merchant_marine_total#dominican_republic#1 cargo ship {1,000 GRT or over} totaling 1,587 GRT/1,165 DWT {1995 est.})
(transportation_airports#dominican_republic#31)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_over_3,047_m#dominican_republic#2)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_1,524_to_2,437_m#dominican_republic#6)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_914_to_1,523_m#dominican_republic#3)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_under_914_m#dominican_republic#14)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_2,438_to_3,047_m#dominican_republic#1)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_1,524_to_2,437_m#dominican_republic#1)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_914_to_1,523_m#dominican_republic#4 {1995 est.})
(communications_telephones#dominican_republic#190,000 {1987 est.})
(communications_telephone_system_domestic#dominican_republic#relatively efficient system based on islandwide microwave radio relay network)
(communications_telephone_system_international#dominican_republic#1 coaxial submarine cable; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat {Atlantic Ocean})
(communications_radio_broadcast_stations#dominican_republic#AM 120, FM 0, shortwave 6)
(communications_radios#dominican_republic#NA)
(communications_television_broadcast_stations#dominican_republic#18 {1987 est.})
(communications_televisions#dominican_republic#728,000 {1993 est.})
(defense_branches#dominican_republic#Army, Navy, Air Force, National Police)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_age_15-49#dominican_republic#2,212,012)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_fit_for_military_service#dominican_republic#1,391,472)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_reach_military_age_{18}_annually#dominican_republic#83,611 {1996 est.})
(defense_defense_expenditures#dominican_republic#exchange rate conversion - $116 million, 1.4% of GDP {1994})
(geography_location#ecuador#Western South America, bordering the Pacific Ocean at the Equator, between Colombia and Peru)
(geography_geographic_coordinates#ecuador#2 00 S, 77 30 W)
(geography_map_references#ecuador#South America)
(geography_area_total_area#ecuador#283,560 sq km)
(geography_area_land_area#ecuador#276,840 sq km)
(geography_area_comparative_area#ecuador#slightly smaller than Nevada)
(geography_area_note#ecuador#includes Galapagos Islands)
(geography_land_boundaries_total#ecuador#2,010 km)
(geography_land_boundaries_border_countries#ecuador#Colombia 590 km, Peru 1,420 km)
(geography_coastline#ecuador#2,237 km)
(geography_maritime_claims_continental_shelf#ecuador#claims continental shelf between mainland and Galapagos Islands)
(geography_maritime_claims_territorial_sea#ecuador#200 nm)
(geography_international_disputes#ecuador#three sections of the boundary with Peru are in dispute)
(geography_climate#ecuador#tropical along coast becoming cooler inland)
(geography_terrain#ecuador#coastal plain {costa}, inter-Andean central highlands {sierra}, and flat to rolling eastern jungle {oriente})
(geography_terrain_lowest_point#ecuador#Pacific Ocean 0 m)
(geography_terrain_highest_point#ecuador#Chimborazo 6,267 m)
(geography_natural_resources#ecuador#petroleum, fish, timber)
(geography_land_use_arable_land#ecuador#6%)
(geography_land_use_permanent_crops#ecuador#3%)
(geography_land_use_meadows_and_pastures#ecuador#17%)
(geography_land_use_forest_and_woodland#ecuador#51%)
(geography_land_use_other#ecuador#23%)
(geography_irrigated_land#ecuador#5,500 sq km {1989 est.})
(geography_environment_current_issues#ecuador#deforestation; soil erosion; desertification; water pollution)
(geography_environment_natural_hazards#ecuador#frequent earthquakes, landslides, volcanic activity; periodic droughts)
(geography_environment_international_agreements#ecuador#party to - Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling)
(geography_geographic_note#ecuador#Cotopaxi in Andes is highest active volcano in world)
(people_population#ecuador#11,466,291 {July 1996 est.})
(people_age_structure_0-14_years#ecuador#35% {male 2,062,468; female 1,996,679})
(people_age_structure_15-64_years#ecuador#60% {male 3,403,197; female 3,489,728})
(people_age_structure_65_years_and_over#ecuador#5% {male 241,217; female 273,002} {July 1996 est.})
(people_population_growth_rate#ecuador#1.96% {1996 est.})
(people_birth_rate#ecuador#25.06 births/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_death_rate#ecuador#5.5 deaths/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_net_migration_rate#ecuador#0 migrant{s}/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_sex_ratio_at_birth#ecuador#1.05 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_under_15_years#ecuador#1.03 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_15-64_years#ecuador#0.98 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_65_years_and_over#ecuador#0.88 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_all_ages#ecuador#0.99 male{s}/female {1996 est.})
(people_infant_mortality_rate#ecuador#34.8 deaths/1,000 live births {1996 est.})
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_total_population#ecuador#71.09 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_male#ecuador#68.49 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_female#ecuador#73.82 years {1996 est.})
(people_total_fertility_rate#ecuador#2.89 children born/woman {1996 est.})
(people_nationality_noun#ecuador#Ecuadorian{s})
(people_nationality_adjective#ecuador#Ecuadorian)
(people_ethnic_divisions#ecuador#mestizo {mixed Indian and Spanish} 55%, Indian 25%, Spanish 10%, black 10%)
(people_religions#ecuador#Roman Catholic 95%)
(people_languages#ecuador#Spanish {official}, Indian languages {especially Quechua})
(people_literacy#ecuador#age 15 and over can read and write {1995 est.})
(people_literacy_total_population#ecuador#90.1%)
(people_literacy_male#ecuador#92%)
(people_literacy_female#ecuador#88.2%)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_long_form#ecuador#Republic of Ecuador)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_short_form#ecuador#Ecuador)
(government_name_of_country_local_long_form#ecuador#Republica del Ecuador)
(government_name_of_country_local_short_form#ecuador#Ecuador)
(government_data_code#ecuador#EC)
(government_type_of_government#ecuador#republic)
(government_capital#ecuador#Quito)
(government_administrative_divisions#ecuador#21 provinces {provincias, singular - provincia}; Azuay, Bolivar, Canar, Carchi, Chimborazo, Cotopaxi, El Oro, Esmeraldas, Galapagos, Guayas, Imbabura, Loja, Los Rios, Manabi, Morona-Santiago, Napo, Pastaza, Pichincha, Sucumbios, Tungurahua, Zamora-Chinchipe)
(government_independence#ecuador#24 May 1822 {from Spain})
(government_national_holiday#ecuador#Independence Day, 10 August {1809} {independence of Quito})
(government_constitution#ecuador#10 August 1979)
(government_legal_system#ecuador#based on civil law system; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction)
(government_suffrage#ecuador#18 years of age; universal, compulsory for literate persons ages 18-65, optional for other eligible voters)
(government_executive_branch_chief_of_state_and_head_of_government#ecuador#President Sixto DURAN-BALLEN Cordovez {since 10 August 1992}; Vice President Eduardo PENA Trivino {since 18 October 1995}; president and vice president were elected for four-year terms by universal suffrage; runoff election held 5 July 1992; results - Sixto DURAN-BALLEN elected as president {next election was held 19 May 1996; no presidential candidate received more than 50% of the vote; a runoff election between BUCARAM and NEBOT will be held on 7 July 1996}; note - former Vice President DAHIK resigned 11 October 1995 and left the country to escape arrest on corruption charges; National Congress chose PENA as his successor in accordance with the constitution)
(government_executive_branch_cabinet#ecuador#Cabinet was appointed by the president)
(government_legislative_branch#ecuador#unicameral)
(government_national_congress_{congreso_nacional}#ecuador#elections last held 19 May 1996; results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - {82 total} PSC 27, PRE 21, DP 10, Pachakutik Movement 7, ID 5, PLRE 3, MPD 2, APRE 2, CFP 1, independent and other 4)
(government_judicial_branch#ecuador#Supreme Court {Corte Suprema}, judges are elected by the Chamber of Representatives)
(government_center-right_parties#ecuador#Republican Unity Party {PUR}; Social Christian Party {PSC}, Jaime NEBOT Saadi, president; Ecuadorian Conservative Party {PCE}, President Sixto DURAN-BALLEN {two parties merged in 1995})
(government_center-left_parties#ecuador#Democratic Left {ID}, Andres VALLEJO Arcos, Rodrigo BORJA Cevallos, leaders; Popular Democracy {DP}, Rodrigo PAZ, leader; Ecuadorian Radical Liberal Party {PLRE}, Medardo MORA, leader; Radical Alfarista Front {FRA}, Jaime ASPIAZU Seminario, director)
(government_populist_parties#ecuador#Roldosist Party {PRE}, Abdala BUCARAM Ortiz, director; Concentration of Popular Forces {CFP}, Rodolfo BAQUERIZO Nazur, leader; Popular Revolutionary Action {APRE}, Frank VARGAS Passos, leader)
(government_far-left_parties#ecuador#Popular Democratic Movement {MPD}, Juan Jose CASTELLO, leader; Ecuadorian Socialist Party {PSE}, Leon ROLDOS, leader; Broad Leftist Front {FADI}, Rene Mauge MOSQUERA, chairman; Ecuadorian National Liberation {LN}, Alfredo CASTILLO, director)
(government_communists#ecuador#Communist Party of Ecuador {PCE, pro-North Korea}, Rene Mauge MOSQUERA, Secretary General; Communist Party of Ecuador/Marxist-Leninist {PCMLE, Maoist})
(government_international_organization_participation#ecuador#AG, ECLAC, FAO, G-11, G-77, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ITU, LAES, LAIA, NAM, OAS, OPANAL, PCA, RG, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO {applicant})
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_chief_of_mission#ecuador#Ambassador Edgar TERAN Teran)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_chancery#ecuador#2535 15th Street NW, Washington, DC 20009)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_telephone#ecuador#[1] {202} 234-7200)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_consulate{s}_general#ecuador#Chicago, Houston, Los Angeles, Miami, New Orleans, New York, and San Francisco)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_consulate{s}#ecuador#Newark)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_chief_of_mission#ecuador#Ambassador Peter F. ROMERO)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_embassy#ecuador#Avenida 12 de Octubre y Avenida Patria, Quito)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_mailing_address#ecuador#APO AA 34039)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_telephone#ecuador#[593] {2} 562-890)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_fax#ecuador#[593] {2} 502-052)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_consulate{s}_general#ecuador#Guayaquil)
(government_flag#ecuador#three horizontal bands of yellow {top, double width}, blue, and red with the coat of arms superimposed at the center of the flag; similar to the flag of Colombia that is shorter and does not bear a coat of arms)
(economy_economic_overview#ecuador#Ecuador has substantial oil resources and rich agricultural areas. Growth has been uneven in recent years because of fluctuations in prices for Ecuador's primary exports - oil and bananas - as well as because of government policies designed to curb inflation. President Sixto DURAN-BALLEN launched a series of macroeconomic reforms when he came into office in August 1992, which included raising domestic fuel prices and utility rates, eliminating most subsidies, and bringing the government budget into balance. These measures helped to reduce inflation from 55% in 1992 to 25% in 1995. DURAN-BALLEN has a much more favorable attitude toward foreign investment than his predecessor and has supported several laws designed to encourage foreign investment. Ecuador has implemented free or complementary trade agreements with Bolivia, Chile, Colombia, Peru, and Venezuela, as well as joined the World Trade Organization. Growth slowed to 2.3% in 1995 due in part to high domestic interest rates and shortages of electric power.)
(economy_gdp#ecuador#purchasing power parity - $44.6 billion {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_real_growth_rate#ecuador#2.3% {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_per_capita#ecuador#$4,100 {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_agriculture#ecuador#13%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_industry#ecuador#39%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_services#ecuador#48% {1992 est.})
(economy_inflation_rate_{consumer_prices}#ecuador#25% {1995})
(economy_labor_force#ecuador#2.8 million)
(economy_labor_force_by_occupation#ecuador#agriculture 35%, manufacturing 21%, commerce 16%, services and other activities 28% {1982})
(economy_unemployment_rate#ecuador#7.1% {1994})
(economy_budget_revenues#ecuador#$3.3 billion)
(economy_budget_expenditures#ecuador#$3.3 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA {1996 est.})
(economy_industries#ecuador#petroleum, food processing, textiles, metal work, paper products, wood products, chemicals, plastics, fishing, lumber)
(economy_industrial_production_growth_rate#ecuador#6.4% {1993})
(economy_electricity_capacity#ecuador#2,230,000 kW)
(economy_electricity_production#ecuador#6.9 billion kWh)
(economy_electricity_consumption_per_capita#ecuador#612 kWh {1993})
(economy_agriculture#ecuador#bananas, coffee, cocoa, rice, potatoes, manioc, plantains, sugarcane; cattle, sheep, pigs, beef, pork, dairy products; balsa wood; fish, shrimp)
(economy_illicit_drugs#ecuador#significant transit country for derivatives of coca originating in Colombia, Bolivia, and Peru; minor illicit producer of coca; importer of precursor chemicals used in production of illicit narcotics; important money-laundering hub)
(economy_exports#ecuador#$4 billion {f.o.b., 1994})
(economy_exports_commodities#ecuador#petroleum 39%, bananas 17%, shrimp 16%, cocoa 3%, coffee 6%)
(economy_exports_partners#ecuador#US 42%, Latin America 29%, Caribbean, EU countries 17%)
(economy_imports#ecuador#$3.7 billion {c.i.f., 1994})
(economy_imports_commodities#ecuador#transport equipment, consumer goods, vehicles, machinery, chemicals)
(economy_imports_partners#ecuador#US 28%, EU 17%, Latin America 31%, Caribbean, Japan)
(economy_external_debt#ecuador#$12.6 billion {1995 est.})
(economy_economic_aid_recipient#ecuador#ODA, $153 million {1993})
(economy_economic_aid_note#ecuador#received $12.7 million from the US and $160 million from other countries in 1995)
(economy_currency#ecuador#1 sucre {S/} = 100 centavos)
(economy_exchange_rates#ecuador#sucres {S/} per US$1 - 2914.8 {31 December 1995}, 2,564.5 {1995}, 2,196.7 {1994}, 1,919.1 {1993}, 1,534.0 {1992}, 1,046.25 {1991})
(economy_fiscal_year#ecuador#calendar year)
(transportation_railways_total#ecuador#965 km {single track})
(transportation_railways_narrow_gauge#ecuador#965 km 1.067-m gauge)
(transportation_highways_total#ecuador#43,709 km)
(transportation_highways_paved#ecuador#5,245 km)
(transportation_highways_unpaved#ecuador#38,464 km {1991 est.})
(transportation_waterways#ecuador#1,500 km)
(transportation_pipelines#ecuador#crude oil 800 km; petroleum products 1,358 km)
(transportation_ports#ecuador#Esmeraldas, Guayaquil, La Libertad, Manta, Puerto Bolivar, San Lorenzo)
(transportation_merchant_marine_total#ecuador#19 ships {1,000 GRT or over} totaling 114,701 GRT/171,240 DWT)
(transportation_merchant_marine_ships_by_type#ecuador#container 2, liquefied gas tanker 1, oil tanker 12, passenger 3, refrigerated cargo 1 {1995 est.})
(transportation_airports_total#ecuador#188)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_over_3,047_m#ecuador#2)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_2,438_to_3,047_m#ecuador#7)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_1,524_to_2,437_m#ecuador#8)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_914_to_1,523_m#ecuador#13)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_under_914_m#ecuador#121)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_1,524_to_2,437_m#ecuador#5)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_914_to_1,523_m#ecuador#32 {1995 est.})
(transportation_heliports#ecuador#1 {1995 est.})
(communications_telephones#ecuador#586,300 {1994 est.})
(communications_telephone_system_domestic#ecuador#facilities generally inadequate and unreliable)
(communications_telephone_system_international#ecuador#satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat {Atlantic Ocean})
(communications_radio_broadcast_stations#ecuador#AM 272, FM 0, shortwave 39)
(communications_radios#ecuador#NA)
(communications_television_broadcast_stations#ecuador#33)
(communications_televisions#ecuador#940,000 {1992 est.})
(defense_branches#ecuador#Army {Ejercito Ecuatoriano}, Navy {Armada Ecuatoriana, includes Marines}, Air Force {Fuerza Aerea Ecuatoriana}, National Police)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_age_15-49#ecuador#2,968,361)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_fit_for_military_service#ecuador#2,006,509)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_reach_military_age_{20}_annually#ecuador#121,241 {1996 est.})
(defense_defense_expenditures#ecuador#exchange rate conversion - $386 million, 2.1% of GDP {1995})
(geography_location#egypt#Northern Africa, bordering the Mediterranean Sea, between Libya and the Gaza Strip)
(geography_geographic_coordinates#egypt#27 00 N, 30 00 E)
(geography_map_references#egypt#Africa)
(geography_area_total_area#egypt#1,001,450 sq km)
(geography_area_land_area#egypt#995,450 sq km)
(geography_area_comparative_area#egypt#slightly more than three times the size of New Mexico)
(geography_land_boundaries_total#egypt#2,689 km)
(geography_land_boundaries_border_countries#egypt#Gaza Strip 11 km, Israel 255 km, Libya 1,150 km, Sudan 1,273 km)
(geography_coastline#egypt#2,450 km)
(geography_maritime_claims_contiguous_zone#egypt#24 nm)
(geography_maritime_claims_continental_shelf#egypt#200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation)
(geography_maritime_claims_exclusive_economic_zone#egypt#200 nm)
(geography_maritime_claims_territorial_sea#egypt#12 nm)
(geography_international_disputes#egypt#administrative boundary with Sudan does not coincide with international boundary creating the "Hala'ib Triangle," a barren area of 20,580 sq km, tensions over this disputed area began to escalate in 1992 and remain high)
(geography_climate#egypt#desert; hot, dry summers with moderate winters)
(geography_terrain#egypt#vast desert plateau interrupted by Nile valley and delta)
(geography_terrain_lowest_point#egypt#Qattara Depression -133 m)
(geography_terrain_highest_point#egypt#Mount Catherine 2,629 m)
(geography_natural_resources#egypt#petroleum, natural gas, iron ore, phosphates, manganese, limestone, gypsum, talc, asbestos, lead, zinc)
(geography_land_use_arable_land#egypt#3%)
(geography_land_use_permanent_crops#egypt#2%)
(geography_land_use_meadows_and_pastures#egypt#0%)
(geography_land_use_forest_and_woodland#egypt#0%)
(geography_land_use_other#egypt#95%)
(geography_irrigated_land#egypt#25,850 sq km {1989 est.})
(geography_environment_current_issues#egypt#agricultural land being lost to urbanization and windblown sands; increasing soil salinization below Aswan High Dam; desertification; oil pollution threatening coral reefs, beaches, and marine habitats; other water pollution from agricultural pesticides, raw sewage, and industrial effluents; very limited natural fresh water resources away from the Nile which is the only perennial water source; rapid growth in population overstraining natural resources)
(geography_environment_natural_hazards#egypt#periodic droughts; frequent earthquakes, flash floods, landslides, volcanic activity; hot, driving windstorm called khamsin occurs in spring; dust storms, sandstorms)
(geography_environment_international_agreements#egypt#party to - Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Wetlands, Whaling; signed, but not ratified - Tropical Timber 94)
(geography_geographic_note#egypt#controls Sinai Peninsula, only land bridge between Africa and remainder of Eastern Hemisphere; controls Suez Canal, shortest sea link between Indian Ocean and Mediterranean Sea; size, and juxtaposition to Israel, establish its major role in Middle Eastern geopolitics)
(people_population#egypt#63,575,107 {July 1996 est.})
(people_age_structure_0-14_years#egypt#37% {male 11,970,197; female 11,462,689})
(people_age_structure_15-64_years#egypt#60% {male 19,127,696; female 18,738,304})
(people_age_structure_65_years_and_over#egypt#3% {male 1,028,916; female 1,247,305} {July 1996 est.})
(people_population_growth_rate#egypt#1.91% {1996 est.})
(people_birth_rate#egypt#28.18 births/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_death_rate#egypt#8.7 deaths/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_net_migration_rate#egypt#-0.35 migrant{s}/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_sex_ratio_at_birth#egypt#1.05 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_under_15_years#egypt#1.04 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_15-64_years#egypt#1.02 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_65_years_and_over#egypt#0.82 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_all_ages#egypt#1.02 male{s}/female {1996 est.})
(people_infant_mortality_rate#egypt#72.8 deaths/1,000 live births {1996 est.})
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_total_population#egypt#61.43 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_male#egypt#59.51 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_female#egypt#63.46 years {1996 est.})
(people_total_fertility_rate#egypt#3.58 children born/woman {1996 est.})
(people_nationality_noun#egypt#Egyptian{s})
(people_nationality_adjective#egypt#Egyptian)
(people_ethnic_divisions#egypt#Eastern Hamitic stock {Egyptians, Bedouins, and Berbers} 99%, Greek, Nubian, Armenian, other European {primarily Italian and French} 1%)
(people_religions#egypt#Muslim {mostly Sunni} 94% {official estimate}, Coptic Christian and other 6% {official estimate})
(people_languages#egypt#Arabic {official}, English and French widely understood by educated classes)
(people_literacy#egypt#age 15 and over can read and write {1995 est.})
(people_literacy_total_population#egypt#51.4%)
(people_literacy_male#egypt#63.6%)
(people_literacy_female#egypt#38.8%)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_long_form#egypt#Arab Republic of Egypt)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_short_form#egypt#Egypt)
(government_name_of_country_local_long_form#egypt#Jumhuriyat Misr al-Arabiyah)
(government_name_of_country_local_short_form#egypt#none)
(government_name_of_country_former#egypt#United Arab Republic {with Syria})
(government_data_code#egypt#EG)
(government_type_of_government#egypt#republic)
(government_capital#egypt#Cairo)
(government_administrative_divisions#egypt#26 governorates {muhafazat, singular - muhafazah}; Ad Daqahliyah, Al Bahr al Ahmar, Al Buhayrah, Al Fayyum, Al Gharbiyah, Al Iskandariyah, Al Isma'iliyah, Al Jizah, Al Minufiyah, Al Minya, Al Qahirah, Al Qalyubiyah, Al Wadi al Jadid, Ash Sharqiyah, As Suways, Aswan, Asyut, Bani Suwayf, Bur Sa'id, Dumyat, Janub Sina, Kafr ash Shaykh, Matruh, Qina, Shamal Sina, Suhaj)
(government_independence#egypt#28 February 1922 {from UK})
(government_national_holiday#egypt#Anniversary of the Revolution, 23 July {1952})
(government_constitution#egypt#11 September 1971)
(government_legal_system#egypt#based on English common law, Islamic law, and Napoleonic codes; judicial review by Supreme Court and Council of State {oversees validity of administrative decisions}; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations)
(government_suffrage#egypt#18 years of age; universal and compulsory)
(government_executive_branch_chief_of_state#egypt#President Mohammed Hosni MUBARAK {sworn in as president 14 October 1981, eight days after the assassination of President SADAT}; national referendum held 4 October 1993 validated MUBARAK's nomination by the People's Assembly to a third six-year presidential term; note - the president is nominated by the People's Assembly and that nomination must then be validated by a national, popular referendum)
(government_executive_branch_head_of_government#egypt#Prime Minister Kamal Ahmed al-GANZOURI {since 4 January 1996} was appointed by the president)
(government_executive_branch_cabinet#egypt#Cabinet was appointed by the president)
(government_legislative_branch#egypt#bicameral)
(government_people's_assembly_{majlis_al-cha'b}#egypt#elections last held 29 November 1995 {next to be held NA 2000}; results - NDP 72%, idependents 25%, opposition 3%; seats - {454 total, 444 elected, 10 appointed by the president} NDP 317, independents 114, NWP 6, NPUG 5, Nasserist Arab Democratic Party 1, Liberals 1)
(government_advisory_council_{majlis_al-shura}#egypt#functions only in a consultative role; elections last held 7 June 1995 {next to be held NA}; results - NDP 99%, independents 1%; seats - {264 total, 176 elected, 88 appointed by the president} seats by party NA)
(government_judicial_branch#egypt#Supreme Constitutional Court)
(government_political_parties_and_leaders#egypt#National Democratic Party {NDP}, President Mohammed Hosni MUBARAK, leader, is the dominant party; legal opposition parties are as follows: New Wafd Party {NWP}, Fu'ad SIRAJ AL-DIN; Socialist Labor Party {SLP}, Ibrahim SHUKRI; National Progressive Unionist Grouping {NPUG}, Khalid Muhi al-DIN; Socialist Liberal Party, Mustafa Kamal MURAD; Democratic Unionist Party, Mohammed 'Abd-al-Mun'im TURK; Umma Party, Ahmad al-SABAHI; Misr al-Fatah Party {Young Egypt Party}, leader NA; Nasserist Arab Democratic Party, Dia' al-din DAWUD; Democratic Peoples' Party, Anwar AFIFI; The Greens Party, Kamal KIRAH; Social Justice Party, Muhammad 'ABD-AL-'AL)
(government_political_parties_and_leaders_note#egypt#formation of political parties must be approved by government)
(government_other_political_or_pressure_groups#egypt#despite a constitutional ban against religious-based parties, the technically illegal Muslim Brotherhood constitutes MUBARAK's potentially most significant political opposition; MUBARAK tolerated limited political activity by the Brotherhood for his first two terms, but has moved more aggressively in the past year to block its influence; trade unions and professional associations are officially sanctioned)
(government_international_organization_participation#egypt#ABEDA, ACC, ACCT {associate}, AfDB, AFESD, AG {observer}, AL, AMF, BSEC {observer}, CAEU, CCC, EBRD, ECA, ESCWA, FAO, G-15, G-19, G-24, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, MINURSO, NAM, OAPEC, OAS {observer}, OAU, OIC, OSCE {partner}, PCA, UN, UNAVEM III, UNCRO, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNOMIG, UNOMIL, UNPREDEP, UNPROFOR, UNRWA, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_chief_of_mission#egypt#Ambassador Ahmed Maher El SAYED)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_chancery#egypt#3521 International Court NW, Washington, DC 20008)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_telephone#egypt#[1] {202} 895-5400)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_fax#egypt#[1] {202} 244-4319, 5131)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_consulate{s}_general#egypt#Chicago, Houston, New York, and San Francisco)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_chief_of_mission#egypt#Ambassador Edward S. WALKER, Jr.)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_embassy#egypt#{North Gate} 8, Kamel El-Din Salah Street, Garden City, Cairo)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_mailing_address#egypt#APO AE 09839-4900, Unit 64900, Cairo)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_telephone#egypt#[20] {2} 3557371)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_fax#egypt#[20] {2} 3573200)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_branch_office#egypt#Alexandria)
(government_flag#egypt#three equal horizontal bands of red {top}, white, and black with the national emblem {a shield superimposed on a golden eagle facing the hoist side above a scroll bearing the name of the country in Arabic} centered in the white band; similar to the flag of Yemen, which has a plain white band; also similar to the flag of Syria that has two green stars and to the flag of Iraq, which has three green stars {plus an Arabic inscription} in a horizontal line centered in the white band)
(economy_economic_overview#egypt#Half of Egypt's GDP originates in the public sector, most industrial plants being owned by the government. Overregulation holds back technical modernization and foreign investment. Even so, the economy grew rapidly during the late 1970s and early 1980s, but in 1986 the collapse of world oil prices and an increasingly heavy burden of debt servicing led Egypt to begin negotiations with the IMF for balance-of-payments support. Egypt's first IMF standby arrangement, concluded in mid-1987, was suspended in early 1988 because of the government's failure to adopt promised reforms. Egypt signed a follow-on program with the IMF and also negotiated a structural adjustment loan with the World Bank in 1991. In 1991-93 the government made solid progress on administrative reforms such as liberalizing exchange and interest rates, but resisted implementing major structural reforms like streamlining the public sector. As a result, the economy has not gained enough momentum to tackle the growing problem of unemployment. Egypt made uneven progress in implementing the successor programs it signed onto in late 1993 with the IMF and World Bank; currently it is negotiating another successor program with the IMF. President MUBARAK has cited population growth as the main cause of the country's economic troubles. The addition of about 1.2 million people a year to the already huge population of 63 million exerts enormous pressure on the 5% of the land area available for agriculture along the Nile.)
(economy_gdp#egypt#purchasing power parity - $171 billion {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_real_growth_rate#egypt#4% {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_per_capita#egypt#$2,760 {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_agriculture#egypt#NA%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_industry#egypt#NA%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_services#egypt#NA%)
(economy_inflation_rate_{consumer_prices}#egypt#9.4% {yearend 1995})
(economy_labor_force#egypt#16 million {1994 est.})
(economy_labor_force_by_occupation#egypt#government, public sector enterprises, and armed forces 36%, agriculture 34%, privately owned service and manufacturing enterprises 20% {1984})
(economy_labor_force_note#egypt#shortage of skilled labor; 2.5 million Egyptians work abroad, mostly in Saudi Arabia and the Gulf Arab states {1993 est.})
(economy_unemployment_rate#egypt#20% {1995 est.})
(economy_budget_revenues#egypt#$18 billion)
(economy_budget_expenditures#egypt#$19.4 billion, including capital expenditures of $3.8 billion {FY94/95 est.})
(economy_industries#egypt#textiles, food processing, tourism, chemicals, petroleum, construction, cement, metals)
(economy_industrial_production_growth_rate#egypt#NA%)
(economy_electricity_capacity#egypt#11,830,000 kW)
(economy_electricity_production#egypt#44.5 billion kWh)
(economy_electricity_consumption_per_capita#egypt#695 kWh {1993})
(economy_agriculture#egypt#cotton, rice, corn, wheat, beans, fruits, vegetables; cattle, water buffalo, sheep, goats; annual fish catch about 140,000 metric tons)
(economy_illicit_drugs#egypt#a transit point for Southwest Asian and Southeast Asian heroin and opium moving to Europe and the US; popular transit stop for Nigerian couriers; large domestic consumption of hashish from Lebanon and Syria)
(economy_exports#egypt#$5.4 billion {f.o.b., FY94/95 est.})
(economy_exports_commodities#egypt#crude oil and petroleum products, cotton yarn, raw cotton, textiles, metal products, chemicals)
(economy_exports_partners#egypt#EU, US, Japan)
(economy_imports#egypt#$15.2 billion {c.i.f., FY94/95 est.})
(economy_imports_commodities#egypt#machinery and equipment, foods, fertilizers, wood products, durable consumer goods, capital goods)
(economy_imports_partners#egypt#US, EU, Japan)
(economy_external_debt#egypt#$33.6 billion {FY93/94 est.})
(economy_economic_aid_recipient#egypt#ODA, $1.713 billion {1993})
(economy_currency#egypt#1 Egyptian pound {úE} = 100 piasters)
(economy_exchange_rates#egypt#Egyptian pounds {úE} per US$1 - 3.4 {November 1994}, 3.369 {November 1993}, 3.345 {November 1992}, 2.7072 {1990}; market rate: 3.3920 {January 1996}, 3.3900 {1995}, 3.3910 {1994}, 3.3718 {1993}, 3.3386 {1992}, 3.3322 {1991})
(economy_fiscal_year#egypt#1 July - 30 June)
(transportation_railways_total#egypt#4,751 km)
(transportation_railways_standard_gauge#egypt#4,751 km 1,435-m gauge {42 km electrified; 951 km double track})
(transportation_highways_total#egypt#47,387 km)
(transportation_highways_paved#egypt#34,593 km)
(transportation_highways_unpaved#egypt#12,794 km {1992 est.})
(transportation_waterways#egypt#3,500 km {including the Nile, Lake Nasser, Alexandria-Cairo Waterway, and numerous smaller canals in the delta}; Suez Canal, 193.5 km long {including approaches}, used by oceangoing vessels drawing up to 16.1 m of water)
(transportation_pipelines#egypt#crude oil 1,171 km; petroleum products 596 km; natural gas 460 km)
(transportation_ports#egypt#Alexandria, Al Ghardaqah, Aswan, Asyut, Bur Safajah, Damietta, Marsa Matruh, Port Said, Suez)
(transportation_merchant_marine_total#egypt#164 ships {1,000 GRT or over} totaling 1,187,290 GRT/1,833,108 DWT)
(transportation_merchant_marine_ships_by_type#egypt#bulk 22, cargo 74, liquefied gas tanker 1, oil tanker 14, passenger 33, refrigerated cargo 1, roll-on/roll-off cargo 15, short-sea passenger 4 {1995 est.})
(transportation_airports_total#egypt#80)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_over_3,047_m#egypt#11)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_2,438_to_3,047_m#egypt#34)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_1,524_to_2,437_m#egypt#16)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_914_to_1,523_m#egypt#2)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_under_914_m#egypt#9)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_2,438_to_3,047_m#egypt#2)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_1,524_to_2,437_m#egypt#2)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_914_to_1,523_m#egypt#4 {1995 est.})
(transportation_heliports#egypt#2 {1995 est.})
(communications_telephones#egypt#2.2 million {1993})
(communications_telephone_system#egypt#large system by Third World standards but inadequate for present requirements and undergoing extensive upgrading)
(communications_telephone_system_domestic#egypt#principal centers at Alexandria, Cairo, Al Mansurah, Ismailia, Suez, and Tanta are connected by coaxial cable and microwave radio relay)
(communications_telephone_system_international#egypt#satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat {Atlantic Ocean and Indian Ocean}, 1 Arabsat, and 1 Inmarsat; 5 coaxial submarine cables; tropospheric scatter to Sudan; microwave radio relay to Israel; participant in Medarabtel)
(communications_radio_broadcast_stations#egypt#AM 39, FM 6, shortwave 0)
(communications_radios#egypt#NA)
(communications_television_broadcast_stations#egypt#41)
(communications_televisions#egypt#5 million {1993 est.})
(defense_branches#egypt#Army, Navy, Air Force, Air Defense Command)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_age_15-49#egypt#16,530,460)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_fit_for_military_service#egypt#10,723,011)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_reach_military_age_{20}_annually#egypt#660,453 {1996 est.})
(defense_defense_expenditures#egypt#exchange rate conversion - $3.5 billion, 8.2% of GDP {FY94/95 est.})
(geography_location#el_salvador#Middle America, bordering the North Pacific Ocean, between Guatemala and Honduras)
(geography_geographic_coordinates#el_salvador#13 50 N, 88 55 W)
(geography_map_references#el_salvador#Central America and the Caribbean)
(geography_area_total_area#el_salvador#21,040 sq km)
(geography_area_land_area#el_salvador#20,720 sq km)
(geography_area_comparative_area#el_salvador#slightly smaller than Massachusetts)
(geography_land_boundaries_total#el_salvador#545 km)
(geography_land_boundaries_border_countries#el_salvador#Guatemala 203 km, Honduras 342 km)
(geography_coastline#el_salvador#307 km)
(geography_maritime_claims_territorial_sea#el_salvador#200 nm)
(geography_international_disputes#el_salvador#land boundary dispute with Honduras mostly resolved by 11 September 1992 International Court of Justice {ICJ} decision; with respect to the maritime boundary in the Golfo de Fonseca, ICJ referred to an earlier agreement in this century and advised that some tripartite resolution among El Salvador, Honduras and Nicaragua likely would be required)
(geography_climate#el_salvador#tropical; rainy season {May to October}; dry season {November to April})
(geography_terrain#el_salvador#mostly mountains with narrow coastal belt and central plateau)
(geography_terrain_lowest_point#el_salvador#Pacific Ocean 0 m)
(geography_terrain_highest_point#el_salvador#Cerro El Pital 2,730 m)
(geography_natural_resources#el_salvador#hydropower, geothermal power, petroleum)
(geography_land_use_arable_land#el_salvador#27%)
(geography_land_use_permanent_crops#el_salvador#8%)
(geography_land_use_meadows_and_pastures#el_salvador#29%)
(geography_land_use_forest_and_woodland#el_salvador#6%)
(geography_land_use_other#el_salvador#30%)
(geography_irrigated_land#el_salvador#1,200 sq km {1989})
(geography_environment_current_issues#el_salvador#deforestation; soil erosion; water pollution; contamination of soils from disposal of toxic wastes)
(geography_environment_natural_hazards#el_salvador#known as the Land of Volcanoes; frequent and sometimes very destructive earthquakes and volcanic activity)
(geography_environment_international_agreements#el_salvador#party to - Biodiversity, Climate Change, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection; signed, but not ratified - Law of the Sea)
(geography_geographic_note#el_salvador#smallest Central American country and only one without a coastline on Caribbean Sea)
(people_population#el_salvador#5,828,987 {July 1996 est.})
(people_age_structure_0-14_years#el_salvador#38% {male 1,137,804; female 1,097,774})
(people_age_structure_15-64_years#el_salvador#57% {male 1,627,519; female 1,716,261})
(people_age_structure_65_years_and_over#el_salvador#5% {male 115,973; female 133,656} {July 1996 est.})
(people_population_growth_rate#el_salvador#1.81% {1996 est.})
(people_birth_rate#el_salvador#28.3 births/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_death_rate#el_salvador#5.81 deaths/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_net_migration_rate#el_salvador#-4.4 migrant{s}/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_sex_ratio_at_birth#el_salvador#1.05 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_under_15_years#el_salvador#1.04 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_15-64_years#el_salvador#0.95 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_65_years_and_over#el_salvador#0.87 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_all_ages#el_salvador#0.98 male{s}/female {1996 est.})
(people_infant_mortality_rate#el_salvador#31.9 deaths/1,000 live births {1996 est.})
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_total_population#el_salvador#68.88 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_male#el_salvador#65.44 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_female#el_salvador#72.5 years {1996 est.})
(people_total_fertility_rate#el_salvador#3.2 children born/woman {1996 est.})
(people_nationality_noun#el_salvador#Salvadoran{s})
(people_nationality_adjective#el_salvador#Salvadoran)
(people_ethnic_divisions#el_salvador#mestizo 94%, Indian 5%, white 1%)
(people_religions#el_salvador#Roman Catholic 75%)
(people_religions_note#el_salvador#there is extensive activity by Protestant groups throughout the country; by the end of 1992, there were an estimated 1 million Protestant evangelicals in El Salvador)
(people_languages#el_salvador#Spanish, Nahua {among some Indians})
(people_literacy#el_salvador#age 15 and over can read and write {1995 est.})
(people_literacy_total_population#el_salvador#71.5%)
(people_literacy_male#el_salvador#73.5%)
(people_literacy_female#el_salvador#69.8%)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_long_form#el_salvador#Republic of El Salvador)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_short_form#el_salvador#El Salvador)
(government_name_of_country_local_long_form#el_salvador#Republica de El Salvador)
(government_name_of_country_local_short_form#el_salvador#El Salvador)
(government_data_code#el_salvador#ES)
(government_type_of_government#el_salvador#republic)
(government_capital#el_salvador#San Salvador)
(government_administrative_divisions#el_salvador#14 departments {departamentos, singular - departamento}; Ahuachapan, Cabanas, Chalatenango, Cuscatlan, La Libertad, La Paz, La Union, Morazan, San Miguel, San Salvador, Santa Ana, San Vicente, Sonsonate, Usulutan)
(government_independence#el_salvador#15 September 1821 {from Spain})
(government_national_holiday#el_salvador#Independence Day, 15 September {1821})
(government_constitution#el_salvador#20 December 1983)
(government_legal_system#el_salvador#based on civil and Roman law, with traces of common law; judicial review of legislative acts in the Supreme Court; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations)
(government_suffrage#el_salvador#18 years of age; universal)
(government_executive_branch_chief_of_state_and_head_of_government#el_salvador#President Armando CALDERON Sol {since 1 June 1994} and Vice President Enrique BORGO Bustamante {since 1 June 1994} were elected for five-year terms by universal suffrage; election last held 20 March 1994 {next to be held NA March 1999}; results - Armando CALDERON SOL {ARENA} 49.03%, Ruben ZAMORA Rivas {CD/FMLN/MNR} 24.09%, Fidel CHAVEZ Mena {PDC} 16.39%, other 10.49%; because no candidate received a majority, a run-off election was held 24 April 1994; results - Armando CALDERON SOL {ARENA} 68.35%, Ruben ZAMORA Rivas {CD/FMLN/MNR} 31.65%)
(government_executive_branch_cabinet#el_salvador#Council of Ministers)
(government_legislative_branch#el_salvador#unicameral)
(government_legislative_assembly_{asamblea_legislativa}#el_salvador#elections last held 20 March 1994 {next to be held NA March 1997}; results - ARENA 46.4%, FMLN 25.0%, PDC 21.4%, PCN 4.8%, other 2.4%; seats - {84 total} ARENA 39, FMLN 21, PDC 18, PCN 4, other 2)
(government_judicial_branch#el_salvador#Supreme Court {Corte Suprema}, judges are selected by the Legislative Assembly)
(government_political_parties_and_leaders#el_salvador#National Republican Alliance {ARENA}, Juan Jose DOMENECH, president; Farabundo Marti National Liberation Front {FMLN}, Salvador SANCHEZ Ceren {aka Leonel GONZALEZ}, general coordinator; Christian Democratic Party {PDC}, Ronal UMANA, secretary general; National Conciliation Party {PCN}, Ciro CRUZ Zepeda, secretary general; Democratic Convergence {CD}, Juan Jose MARTEL, secretary general; Unity Movement, Jorge MARTINEZ Menendez, president)
(government_political_parties_and_leaders_note#el_salvador#newly formed parties not yet officially recognized by the Supreme Electoral Tribunal: Liberal Democratic Party {PLD}, Kirio Waldo SALGADO, founder; Social Democratic Party {breakaway from FMLN}, Joaquin VILLALOBOS, founder; Social Christian Renovation Movement {MRSC} {breakaway from PDC}, Abraham RODRIGUEZ, founder)
(government_other_political_or_pressure_groups_labor_organizations#el_salvador#Salvadoran Communal Union {UCS}, peasant association; General Confederation of Workers {CGT}, moderate; United Workers Front {FUT})
(government_other_political_or_pressure_groups_business_organizations#el_salvador#Productive Alliance {AP}, conservative; National Federation of Salvadoran Small Businessmen {FENAPES}, conservative)
(government_international_organization_participation#el_salvador#BCIE, CACM, ECLAC, FAO, G-77, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ITU, LAES, LAIA {observer}, MINURSO, NAM {observer}, OAS, OPANAL, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_chief_of_mission#el_salvador#Ambassador Ana Cristina SOL)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_chancery#el_salvador#2308 California Street NW, Washington, DC 20008)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_telephone#el_salvador#[1] {202} 265-9671, 9672)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_consulate{s}_general#el_salvador#Chicago, Dallas, Houston, Los Angeles, Miami, New Orleans, New York, and San Francisco)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_chief_of_mission#el_salvador#Ambassador Alan H. FLANIGAN)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_embassy#el_salvador#Final Boulevard Santa Elena, Station Antiguo Cuscatlan, San Salvador)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_mailing_address#el_salvador#Unit 3116, APO AA 34023)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_telephone#el_salvador#[503] 278-4444)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_fax#el_salvador#[503] 278-6011)
(government_flag#el_salvador#three equal horizontal bands of blue {top}, white, and blue with the national coat of arms centered in the white band; the coat of arms features a round emblem encircled by the words REPUBLICA DE EL SALVADOR EN LA AMERICA CENTRAL; similar to the flag of Nicaragua, which has a different coat of arms centered in the white band - it features a triangle encircled by the words REPUBLICA DE NICARAGUA on top and AMERICA CENTRAL on the bottom; also similar to the flag of Honduras, which has five blue stars arranged in an X pattern centered in the white band)
(economy_economic_overview#el_salvador#El Salvador possesses a fast-growing entrepreneurial economy in which 90% of economic activity is in private hands, with growth averaging 5% since 1990. Yet, because the 1980s were a decade of civil war and stagnation, per capita GDP has not regained the level of the late 1970s. The rebound in the 1990s stems from the government program, in conjunction with the IMF, of privatization, deregulation, and fiscal stabilization. The economy now is oriented more toward manufacturing and services compared with agriculture. The sizable trade deficits are in the main covered by remittances from the large number of Salvadorans abroad.)
(economy_gdp#el_salvador#purchasing power parity - $11.4 billion {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_real_growth_rate#el_salvador#6.3% {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_per_capita#el_salvador#$1,950 {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_agriculture#el_salvador#NA%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_industry#el_salvador#NA%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_services#el_salvador#NA%)
(economy_inflation_rate_{consumer_prices}#el_salvador#11.4% {1995 est.})
(economy_labor_force#el_salvador#1.7 million {1982 est.})
(economy_labor_force_by_occupation#el_salvador#agriculture 40%, commerce 16%, manufacturing 15%, government 13%, financial services 9%, transportation 6%, other 1%)
(economy_unemployment_rate#el_salvador#6.7% {1993})
(economy_budget_revenues#el_salvador#$846 million)
(economy_budget_expenditures#el_salvador#$890 million, including capital expenditures of $NA {1992 est.})
(economy_industries#el_salvador#food processing, beverages, petroleum, tobacco, chemicals, textiles, furniture)
(economy_industrial_production_growth_rate#el_salvador#7.6% {1993})
(economy_electricity_capacity#el_salvador#750,000 kW)
(economy_electricity_production#el_salvador#2.4 billion kWh)
(economy_electricity_consumption_per_capita#el_salvador#408 kWh {1993})
(economy_agriculture#el_salvador#coffee, sugarcane, corn, rice, beans, oilseed; beef, dairy products; shrimp)
(economy_illicit_drugs#el_salvador#transshipment point for cocaine; marijuana produced for local consumption)
(economy_exports#el_salvador#$1.6 billion {f.o.b., 1995 est.})
(economy_exports_commodities#el_salvador#coffee, sugarcane, shrimp)
(economy_exports_partners#el_salvador#US, Guatemala, Costa Rica, Germany)
(economy_imports#el_salvador#$3.3 billion {c.i.f., 1995 est.})
(economy_imports_commodities#el_salvador#raw materials, consumer goods, capital goods)
(economy_imports_partners#el_salvador#US, Guatemala, Mexico, Venezuela, Germany)
(economy_external_debt#el_salvador#$2.6 billion {December 1992})
(economy_economic_aid_recipient#el_salvador#ODA, $777 million {1993})
(economy_economic_aid_note#el_salvador#US has committed $250 million in aid to El Salvador for 1992-96)
(economy_currency#el_salvador#1 Salvadoran colon {C} = 100 centavos)
(economy_exchange_rates#el_salvador#Salvadoran colones {C} per US$1 - 8.755 {December 1995}, 8.755 {1995}, 8.750 {1994}, 8.670 {1993}, 9.170 {1992}, 8.080 {1991})
(economy_fiscal_year#el_salvador#calendar year)
(transportation_railways_total#el_salvador#602 km {single track; note - some sections abandoned, unusable, or operating at reduced capacity})
(transportation_railways_narrow_gauge#el_salvador#602 km 0.914-m gauge)
(transportation_highways_total#el_salvador#12,251 km)
(transportation_highways_paved#el_salvador#1,740 km {including 107 km of expressways})
(transportation_highways_unpaved#el_salvador#10,511 km {1992 est.})
(transportation_waterways#el_salvador#Rio Lempa partially navigable)
(transportation_ports#el_salvador#Acajutla, Puerto Cutuco, La Libertad, La Union, Puerto El Triunfo)
(transportation_merchant_marine#el_salvador#none)
(transportation_airports_total#el_salvador#73)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_over_3,047_m#el_salvador#1)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_1,524_to_2,437_m#el_salvador#1)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_914_to_1,523_m#el_salvador#2)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_under_914_m#el_salvador#48)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_914_to_1,523_m#el_salvador#21 {1995 est.})
(transportation_heliports#el_salvador#1 {1995 est.})
(communications_telephones#el_salvador#116,000 {1984 est.})
(communications_telephone_system_domestic#el_salvador#nationwide microwave radio relay system)
(communications_telephone_system_international#el_salvador#satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat {Atlantic Ocean}; connected to Central American Microwave System)
(communications_radio_broadcast_stations#el_salvador#AM 77, FM 0, shortwave 2)
(communications_radios#el_salvador#NA)
(communications_television_broadcast_stations#el_salvador#5 {1986 est.})
(communications_televisions#el_salvador#500,700 {1993 est.})
(defense_branches#el_salvador#Army, Navy, Air Force)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_age_15-49#el_salvador#1,415,691)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_fit_for_military_service#el_salvador#905,938)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_reach_military_age_{18}_annually#el_salvador#78,660 {1996 est.})
(defense_defense_expenditures#el_salvador#exchange rate conversion - $100 million, 1% of GDP {1995})
(geography_location#equatorial_guinea#Western Africa, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean, between Cameroon and Gabon)
(geography_geographic_coordinates#equatorial_guinea#2 00 N, 10 00 E)
(geography_map_references#equatorial_guinea#Africa)
(geography_area_total_area#equatorial_guinea#28,050 sq km)
(geography_area_land_area#equatorial_guinea#28,050 sq km)
(geography_area_comparative_area#equatorial_guinea#slightly larger than Maryland)
(geography_land_boundaries_total#equatorial_guinea#539 km)
(geography_land_boundaries_border_countries#equatorial_guinea#Cameroon 189 km, Gabon 350 km)
(geography_coastline#equatorial_guinea#296 km)
(geography_maritime_claims_exclusive_economic_zone#equatorial_guinea#200 nm)
(geography_maritime_claims_territorial_sea#equatorial_guinea#12 nm)
(geography_international_disputes#equatorial_guinea#maritime boundary dispute with Gabon because of disputed sovereignty over islands in Corisco Bay)
(geography_climate#equatorial_guinea#tropical; always hot, humid)
(geography_terrain#equatorial_guinea#coastal plains rise to interior hills; islands are volcanic)
(geography_terrain_lowest_point#equatorial_guinea#Atlantic Ocean 0 m)
(geography_terrain_highest_point#equatorial_guinea#Mount Malabo 3,008 m)
(geography_natural_resources#equatorial_guinea#timber, petroleum, small unexploited deposits of gold, manganese, uranium)
(geography_land_use_arable_land#equatorial_guinea#8%)
(geography_land_use_permanent_crops#equatorial_guinea#4%)
(geography_land_use_meadows_and_pastures#equatorial_guinea#4%)
(geography_land_use_forest_and_woodland#equatorial_guinea#51%)
(geography_land_use_other#equatorial_guinea#33%)
(geography_irrigated_land#equatorial_guinea#NA sq km)
(geography_environment_current_issues#equatorial_guinea#tap water is not potable; desertification)
(geography_environment_natural_hazards#equatorial_guinea#violent windstorms)
(geography_environment_international_agreements#equatorial_guinea#party to - Biodiversity, Endangered Species, Nuclear Test Ban; signed, but not ratified - Desertification, Law of the Sea)
(geography_geographic_note#equatorial_guinea#insular and continental regions rather widely separated)
(people_population#equatorial_guinea#431,282 {July 1996 est.})
(people_age_structure_0-14_years#equatorial_guinea#43% {male 93,319; female 92,753})
(people_age_structure_15-64_years#equatorial_guinea#53% {male 108,706; female 120,129})
(people_age_structure_65_years_and_over#equatorial_guinea#4% {male 7,235; female 9,140} {July 1996 est.})
(people_population_growth_rate#equatorial_guinea#2.58% {1996 est.})
(people_birth_rate#equatorial_guinea#39.77 births/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_death_rate#equatorial_guinea#14.01 deaths/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_net_migration_rate#equatorial_guinea#0 migrant{s}/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_sex_ratio_at_birth#equatorial_guinea#1.03 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_under_15_years#equatorial_guinea#1.01 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_15-64_years#equatorial_guinea#0.9 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_65_years_and_over#equatorial_guinea#0.79 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_all_ages#equatorial_guinea#0.94 male{s}/female {1996 est.})
(people_infant_mortality_rate#equatorial_guinea#98 deaths/1,000 live births {1996 est.})
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_total_population#equatorial_guinea#53.01 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_male#equatorial_guinea#50.79 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_female#equatorial_guinea#55.29 years {1996 est.})
(people_total_fertility_rate#equatorial_guinea#5.17 children born/woman {1996 est.})
(people_nationality_noun#equatorial_guinea#Equatorial Guinean{s} or Equatoguinean{s})
(people_nationality_adjective#equatorial_guinea#Equatorial Guinean or Equatoguinean)
(people_ethnic_divisions#equatorial_guinea#Bioko {primarily Bubi, some Fernandinos}, Rio Muni {primarily Fang}, Europeans less than 1,000, mostly Spanish)
(people_religions#equatorial_guinea#nominally Christian and predominantly Roman Catholic, pagan practices)
(people_languages#equatorial_guinea#Spanish {official}, pidgin English, Fang, Bubi, Ibo)
(people_literacy#equatorial_guinea#age 15 and over can read and write {1995 est.})
(people_literacy_total_population#equatorial_guinea#78.5%)
(people_literacy_male#equatorial_guinea#89.6%)
(people_literacy_female#equatorial_guinea#68.1%)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_long_form#equatorial_guinea#Republic of Equatorial Guinea)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_short_form#equatorial_guinea#Equatorial Guinea)
(government_name_of_country_local_long_form#equatorial_guinea#Republica de Guinea Ecuatorial)
(government_name_of_country_local_short_form#equatorial_guinea#Guinea Ecuatorial)
(government_name_of_country_former#equatorial_guinea#Spanish Guinea)
(government_data_code#equatorial_guinea#EK)
(government_type_of_government#equatorial_guinea#republic in transition to multiparty democracy)
(government_capital#equatorial_guinea#Malabo)
(government_administrative_divisions#equatorial_guinea#7 provinces {provincias, singular - provincia}; Annobon, Bioko Norte, Bioko Sur, Centro Sur, Kie-Ntem, Litoral, Wele-Nzas)
(government_independence#equatorial_guinea#12 October 1968 {from Spain})
(government_national_holiday#equatorial_guinea#Independence Day, 12 October {1968})
(government_constitution#equatorial_guinea#new constitution 17 November 1991)
(government_legal_system#equatorial_guinea#partly based on Spanish civil law and tribal custom)
(government_suffrage#equatorial_guinea#NA years of age; universal adult)
(government_executive_branch_chief_of_state#equatorial_guinea#President Brig. Gen. {Ret.} Teodoro OBIANG NGUEMA MBASOGO {since 3 August 1979} election last held 25 February 1996 {next to be held NA February 2003}; results - President OBIANG NGUEMA MBASOGO reelected to a seven-year term without opposition)
(government_executive_branch_head_of_government#equatorial_guinea#Prime Minister Silvestre SIALE BILEKA {since 17 January 1992}; Vice Prime Minister Anatolio NDONG MBA {since November 1993})
(government_executive_branch_cabinet#equatorial_guinea#Council of Ministers appointed by the president)
(government_legislative_branch#equatorial_guinea#unicameral)
(government_house_of_people's_representatives#equatorial_guinea#{Camara de Representantes del Pueblo} elections last held 21 November 1993 {next to be held NA}; results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - {82 total} PDGE 72, various opposition parties 10)
(government_judicial_branch#equatorial_guinea#Supreme Tribunal)
(government_political_parties_and_leaders_ruling_party#equatorial_guinea#Democratic Party for Equatorial Guinea {PDGE}, Brig. Gen. {Ret.} Teodoro OBIANG NGUEMA MBASOGO, party leader)
(government_political_parties_and_leaders_opposition_parties#equatorial_guinea#Progressive Democratic Alliance {ADP}, Antonio-Ebang Mbele Abang, president; Popular Action of Equatorial Guinea {APGE},Casiano Masi Edu, leader; Liberal Democratic Convention {CLD}, Alfonso Nsue MIFUMU, president; Convergence for Social Democracy {CPDS}, Santiago Obama Ndong, president; Social Democratic and Popular Convergence {CSDP}, Secundino Oyono Agueng Ada, general secretary; Party of the Social Democratic Coalition {PCSD}, Buenaventura Moswi M'Asumu, general coordinater; Liberal Party {PL}, Santos PASCUAL; Party of Progress {PP}, Severo MOTO Nsa, president; Social Democratic Party {PSD}, Benjamin-Gabriel Balingha Balinga Alene, general secretary; Socialist Party of Equatorial Guinea {PSGE}, Tomas MICHEBE Fernandez, general secretary; National Democratic Union {UDENA}, Jose MECHEBA Ikaka, president; Democratic Social Union {UDS}, Camelo Modu, general secretary; Popular Union {UP}, Juan Bitui, president)
(government_international_organization_participation#equatorial_guinea#ACCT, ACP, AfDB, BDEAC, CEEAC, ECA, FAO, FZ, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Intelsat {nonsignatory user}, Interpol, IOC, ITU, NAM, OAS {observer}, OAU, UDEAC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WHO, WTrO {applicant})
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_chief_of_mission#equatorial_guinea#Ambassador Pastor Micha ONDO BILE)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_chancery#equatorial_guinea#{temporary} 57 Magnolia Avenue, Mount Vernon, NY 10553)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_telephone#equatorial_guinea#[1] {914} 738-9584, 667-6913)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_fax#equatorial_guinea#[1] {914} 667-6838)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation#equatorial_guinea#the US does not have an embassy in Equatorial Guinea {embassy closed September 1995}; US relations with Equatorial Guinea are handled through the US Embassy in Yaounde, Cameroon)
(government_flag#equatorial_guinea#three equal horizontal bands of green {top}, white, and red with a blue isosceles triangle based on the hoist side and the coat of arms centered in the white band; the coat of arms has six yellow six-pointed stars {representing the mainland and five offshore islands} above a gray shield bearing a silk-cotton tree and below which is a scroll with the motto UNIDAD, PAZ, JUSTICIA {Unity, Peace, Justice})
(economy_economic_overview#equatorial_guinea#Agriculture, forestry, and fishing account for about half of GDP and nearly all exports. Subsistence farming predominates. Although pre-independence Equatorial Guinea counted on cocoa production for hard currency earnings, the deterioration of the rural economy under successive brutal regimes has diminished potential for agriculture-led growth. A number of aid programs sponsored by the World Bank and the IMF have been cut off since 1993 because of the government's gross corruption and mismanagement. Businesses, for the most part, are owned by government officials and their family members. Undeveloped natural resources include titanium, iron ore, manganese, uranium, and alluvial gold. Oil exploration, taking place under concessions offered to US, French, and Spanish firms, has been moderately successful. In 1995, exports responded to the devaluation of 12 January 1994, apparently resulting in a sizable surplus and strong GDP growth. Increased production from recently discovered oil and natural gas fields will provide a greater share of exports in 1996-97.)
(economy_gdp#equatorial_guinea#purchasing power parity - $325 million {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_real_growth_rate#equatorial_guinea#10% {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_per_capita#equatorial_guinea#$800 {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_agriculture#equatorial_guinea#47%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_industry#equatorial_guinea#26%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_services#equatorial_guinea#27% {1993 est.})
(economy_inflation_rate_{consumer_prices}#equatorial_guinea#41% {1994 est.})
(economy_labor_force#equatorial_guinea#172,000 {1986 est.})
(economy_labor_force_by_occupation#equatorial_guinea#agriculture 66%, services 23%, industry 11% {1980})
(economy_labor_force_note#equatorial_guinea#labor shortages on plantations)
(economy_unemployment_rate#equatorial_guinea#NA%)
(economy_budget_revenues#equatorial_guinea#$32.5 million)
(economy_budget_expenditures#equatorial_guinea#$35.9 million, including capital expenditures of $3 million {1992 est.})
(economy_industries#equatorial_guinea#fishing, sawmilling)
(economy_industrial_production_growth_rate#equatorial_guinea#NA%)
(economy_electricity_capacity#equatorial_guinea#23,000 kW)
(economy_electricity_production#equatorial_guinea#20 million kWh)
(economy_electricity_consumption_per_capita#equatorial_guinea#50 kWh {1993})
(economy_agriculture#equatorial_guinea#coffee, cocoa, rice, yams, cassava {tapioca}, bananas, palm oil nuts, manioc; livestock; timber)
(economy_exports#equatorial_guinea#$62 million {f.o.b., 1993})
(economy_exports_commodities#equatorial_guinea#coffee, cocoa beans, timber, petroleum)
(economy_exports_partners#equatorial_guinea#Spain, Nigeria, Cameroon, Japan, Portugal)
(economy_imports#equatorial_guinea#$60 million {f.o.b., 1993})
(economy_imports_commodities#equatorial_guinea#petroleum, food, beverages, clothing, machinery)
(economy_imports_partners#equatorial_guinea#Cameroon, Spain, France, US, Italy, Netherlands)
(economy_external_debt#equatorial_guinea#$268 million {1993 est.})
(economy_economic_aid_recipient#equatorial_guinea#ODA, $NA)
(economy_currency#equatorial_guinea#1 Communaute Financiere Africaine franc {CFAF} = 100 centimes)
(economy_exchange_rates#equatorial_guinea#CFA francs {CFAF} per US$1 - 500.56 {January 1996}, 499.15 {1995}, 555.20 {1994}, 283.16 {1993}, 264.69 {1992}, 282.11 {1991})
(economy_exchange_rates_note#equatorial_guinea#beginning 12 January 1994, the CFA franc was devalued to CFAF 100 per French franc from CFAF 50 at which it had been fixed since 1948)
(economy_fiscal_year#equatorial_guinea#1 April - 31 March)
(transportation_railways_total#equatorial_guinea#0 km)
(transportation_highways#equatorial_guinea#2,744 km)
(transportation_highways_paved#equatorial_guinea#330 km)
(transportation_highways_unpaved#equatorial_guinea#2,414 km {1988 est.})
(transportation_ports#equatorial_guinea#Bata, Luba, Malabo)
(transportation_merchant_marine_total#equatorial_guinea#2 ships {1,000 GRT or over} totaling 6,412 GRT/6,699 DWT)
(transportation_merchant_marine_ships_by_type#equatorial_guinea#cargo 1, passenger-cargo 1 {1995 est.})
(transportation_airports_total#equatorial_guinea#3)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_2,438_to_3,047_m#equatorial_guinea#1)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_1,524_to_2,437_m#equatorial_guinea#1)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_under_914_m#equatorial_guinea#1 {1995 est.})
(communications_telephones#equatorial_guinea#2,000 {1987 est.})
(communications_telephone_system#equatorial_guinea#poor system with adequate government services)
(communications_telephone_system_domestic#equatorial_guinea#NA)
(communications_telephone_system_international#equatorial_guinea#international communications from Bata and Malabo to African and European countries; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat {Indian Ocean})
(communications_radio_broadcast_stations#equatorial_guinea#AM 2, FM 0, shortwave 0)
(communications_radios#equatorial_guinea#NA)
(communications_television_broadcast_stations#equatorial_guinea#1)
(communications_televisions#equatorial_guinea#4,000 {1992 est.})
(defense_branches#equatorial_guinea#Army, Navy, Air Force, Rapid Intervention Force, National Police)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_age_15-49#equatorial_guinea#92,704)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_fit_for_military_service#equatorial_guinea#47,124 {1996 est.})
(defense_defense_expenditures#equatorial_guinea#exchange rate conversion - $2.5 million, NA% of GDP {FY93/94})
(geography_location#eritrea#Eastern Africa, bordering the Red Sea, between Djibouti and Sudan)
(geography_geographic_coordinates#eritrea#15 00 N, 39 00 E)
(geography_map_references#eritrea#Africa)
(geography_area_total_area#eritrea#121,320 sq km)
(geography_area_land_area#eritrea#121,320 sq km)
(geography_area_comparative_area#eritrea#slightly larger than Pennsylvania)
(geography_land_boundaries_total#eritrea#1,630 km)
(geography_land_boundaries_border_countries#eritrea#Djibouti 113 km, Ethiopia 912 km, Sudan 605 km)
(geography_coastline#eritrea#1,151 km {land and island coastline is 2,234 km})
(geography_maritime_claims#eritrea#NA)
(geography_international_disputes#eritrea#a dispute with Yemen over sovereignty of the Hanish Islands in the southern Red Sea has been submitted to arbitration under the auspices of the ICJ)
(geography_climate#eritrea#hot, dry desert strip along Red Sea coast; cooler and wetter in the central highlands {up to 61 cm of rainfall annually}; semiarid in western hills and lowlands; rainfall heaviest during June-September except on coastal desert)
(geography_terrain#eritrea#dominated by extension of Ethiopian north-south trending highlands, descending on the east to a coastal desert plain, on the northwest to hilly terrain and on the southwest to flat-to-rolling plains)
(geography_terrain_lowest_point#eritrea#Kobar Sink -75 m)
(geography_terrain_highest_point#eritrea#Soira 3,013 m)
(geography_natural_resources#eritrea#gold, potash, zinc, copper, salt, probably oil {petroleum geologists are prospecting for it}, fish)
(geography_land_use_arable_land#eritrea#3%)
(geography_land_use_permanent_crops#eritrea#2% {coffee})
(geography_land_use_meadows_and_pastures#eritrea#40%)
(geography_land_use_forest_and_woodland#eritrea#5%)
(geography_land_use_other#eritrea#50%)
(geography_irrigated_land#eritrea#NA sq km)
(geography_environment_current_issues#eritrea#famine; deforestation; desertification; soil erosion; overgrazing; loss of infrastructure from civil warfare)
(geography_environment_natural_hazards#eritrea#frequent droughts)
(geography_environment_international_agreements#eritrea#party to - Endangered Species; signed, but not ratified - Climate Change, Desertification)
(geography_geographic_note#eritrea#strategic geopolitical position along world's busiest shipping lanes; Eritrea retained the entire coastline of Ethiopia along the Red Sea upon de jure independence from Ethiopia on 27 April 1993)
(people_population#eritrea#3,427,883 {July 1996 est.})
(people_age_structure_0-14_years#eritrea#44% {male 755,417; female 743,135})
(people_age_structure_15-64_years#eritrea#53% {male 910,976; female 913,531})
(people_age_structure_65_years_and_over#eritrea#3% {male 54,310; female 50,514} {July 1996 est.})
(people_population_growth_rate#eritrea#2.79% {1996 est.})
(people_birth_rate#eritrea#43.32 births/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_death_rate#eritrea#15.44 deaths/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_net_migration_rate#eritrea#0 migrant{s}/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_net_migration_rate_note#eritrea#it is estimated that between 300,000 and 500,000 Eritrean refugees were still living in Sudan at the end of 1995; their repatriation is being facilitated by the UNHCR)
(people_sex_ratio_at_birth#eritrea#1.03 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_under_15_years#eritrea#1.02 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_15-64_years#eritrea#1 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_65_years_and_over#eritrea#1.08 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_all_ages#eritrea#1.01 male{s}/female {1996 est.})
(people_infant_mortality_rate#eritrea#118.9 deaths/1,000 live births {1996 est.})
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_total_population#eritrea#50.31 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_male#eritrea#48.57 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_female#eritrea#52.1 years {1996 est.})
(people_total_fertility_rate#eritrea#6.5 children born/woman {1996 est.})
(people_nationality_noun#eritrea#Eritrean{s})
(people_nationality_adjective#eritrea#Eritrean)
(people_ethnic_divisions#eritrea#ethnic Tigrinya 50%, Tigre and Kunama 40%, Afar 4%, Saho {Red Sea coast dwellers} 3%)
(people_religions#eritrea#Muslim, Coptic Christian, Roman Catholic, Protestant)
(people_languages#eritrea#Afar, Amharic, Arabic, Italian, Tigre and Kunama, Tigrinya, minor tribal languages)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_long_form#eritrea#State of Eritrea)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_short_form#eritrea#Eritrea)
(government_name_of_country_local_long_form#eritrea#none)
(government_name_of_country_local_short_form#eritrea#none)
(government_name_of_country_former#eritrea#Eritrea Autonomous Region in Ethiopia)
(government_data_code#eritrea#ER)
(government_type_of_government#eritrea#transitional government)
(government_type_of_government_note#eritrea#on 29 May 1991 ISAIAS Afworke, secretary general of the Peoples' Front for Democracy and Justice {PFDJ}, which then served and still serves as the country's legislative body, announced the formation of the Provisional Government in Eritrea {PGE} in preparation for the 23-25 April 1993 referendum on independence for the autonomous region of Eritrea; the result was a landslide vote for independence, which was proclaimed on 27 April 1993)
(government_capital#eritrea#Asmara {formerly Asmera})
(government_administrative_divisions#eritrea#8 provinces {singular - awraja}; Akele Guzay, Barka, Denkel, Hamasen, Sahil, Semhar, Senhit, Seraye; note - information issued by the Eritrean government indicates that the administrative structure of Eritrea, which had been established by former colonial powers, will consist of only six regions when the new constitution, presently being drafted, goes into effect sometime in 1996)
(government_independence#eritrea#27 May 1993 {from Ethiopia; formerly the Eritrea Autonomous Region})
(government_national_holiday#eritrea#National Day {independence from Ethiopia}, 24 May {1993})
(government_constitution#eritrea#transitional "constitution" decreed 19 May 1993; the promulgation of a draft constitution is expected in 1996)
(government_legal_system#eritrea#NA)
(government_suffrage#eritrea#NA; note - the transitional constitution of 19 May 1993 did not provide rules for suffrage, but it seems likely that the final version of the constitution, to be promulgated some time in 1996, will follow the example set in the referendum of 1993 in which suffrage was universal for persons 18 years of age or older)
(government_executive_branch_chief_of_state_and_head_of_government#eritrea#President ISAIAS Afworki {since 22 May 1993} is head of the State Council and National Assembly)
(government_executive_branch_cabinet#eritrea#State Council is the collective executive authority)
(government_executive_branch_note#eritrea#election to be held in 1997)
(government_legislative_branch#eritrea#unicameral)
(government_national_assembly#eritrea#75 members of the PFDJ Central Committee {the old Central Committee of the EPLF} and 75 directly elected members serve as the country's legislative body until country-wide elections are held in 1997)
(government_judicial_branch#eritrea#Judiciary)
(government_political_parties_and_leaders#eritrea#People's Front for Democracy and Justice {PFDJ}, ISAIAS Afworki, PETROS Solomon {the only party recognized by the government})
(government_other_political_or_pressure_groups#eritrea#Eritrean Islamic Jihad {EIJ}; Eritrean Liberation Front {ELF}, ABDULLAH Muhammed; Eritrean Liberation Front - United Organization {ELF-UO}, Mohammed Said NAWUD; Eritrean Liberation Front - Revolutionary Council {ELF-RC}, Ahmed NASSER)
(government_international_organization_participation#eritrea#ACP, AfDB, ECA, FAO, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFAD, IGADD, ILO, IMF, IMO, Intelsat {nonsignatory user}, ITU, NAM, OAU, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WMO)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_chief_of_mission#eritrea#Ambassador AMDEMICHAEL Berhane Khasai)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_chancery#eritrea#Suite 400, 910 17th Street NW, Washington, DC 20006)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_telephone#eritrea#[1] {202} 429-1991)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_fax#eritrea#[1] {202} 429-9004)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_chief_of_mission#eritrea#Ambassador Robert G. HOUDEK)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_embassy#eritrea#Franklin D. Roosevelt St., Asmara)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_mailing_address#eritrea#P.O. Box 211, Asmara)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_telephone#eritrea#[291] {1} 120004)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_fax#eritrea#[291] {1} 127584)
(government_flag#eritrea#red isosceles triangle {based on the hoist side} dividing the flag into two right triangles; the upper triangle is green, the lower one is blue; a gold wreath encircling a gold olive branch is centered on the hoist side of the red triangle)
(economy_economic_overview#eritrea#With independence from Ethiopia on 27 April 1993, Eritrea faces the bitter economic problems of a small, desperately poor African country. Most of the population will continue to depend on subsistence farming. Domestic output is substantially augmented by worker remittances from abroad. Government revenues come from custom duties and income and sales taxes. Eritrea has inherited the entire coastline of Ethiopia and has long-term prospects for revenues from the development of offshore oil, offshore fishing, and tourism. For the time being, Ethiopia will be largely dependent on Eritrean ports for its foreign trade.)
(economy_gdp#eritrea#purchasing power parity - $2 billion {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_real_growth_rate#eritrea#10% {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_per_capita#eritrea#$570 {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_agriculture#eritrea#NA%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_industry#eritrea#NA%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_services#eritrea#NA%)
(economy_inflation_rate_{consumer_prices}#eritrea#10% {1995 est.})
(economy_labor_force#eritrea#NA)
(economy_unemployment_rate#eritrea#NA%)
(economy_budget_revenues#eritrea#$NA)
(economy_budget_expenditures#eritrea#$NA, including capital expenditures of $NA)
(economy_industries#eritrea#food processing, beverages, clothing and textiles)
(economy_industrial_production_growth_rate#eritrea#NA%)
(economy_electricity_capacity#eritrea#NA kW)
(economy_electricity_production#eritrea#NA kWh)
(economy_electricity_consumption_per_capita#eritrea#NA kWh)
(economy_agriculture#eritrea#sorghum, lentils, vegetables, maize, cotton, tobacco, coffee, sisal {for making rope}; livestock {including goats}; fish)
(economy_exports#eritrea#$33 million {1995 est.})
(economy_exports_commodities#eritrea#livestock, sorghum, textiles)
(economy_exports_partners#eritrea#Ethiopia, Italy, Saudi Arabia, UK, US, Yemen)
(economy_imports#eritrea#$420 million {1995 est.})
(economy_imports_commodities#eritrea#processed goods, machinery, petroleum products)
(economy_imports_partners#eritrea#NA)
(economy_external_debt#eritrea#$NA)
(economy_economic_aid_recipient#eritrea#ODA, $NA)
(economy_currency#eritrea#1 birr {Br} = 100 cents; at present, Ethiopian currency used)
(economy_exchange_rates#eritrea#birr {Br} per US$1 - 6.2 {1995 est.}, 5.600 {September 1994}, 5.000 {fixed rate 1992-93}; note - following independence from Ethiopia, Eritrea continued to use Ethiopian currency, the official rate of which was pegged to US$1 = 5.000 birr)
(economy_fiscal_year#eritrea#calendar year)
(transportation_railways_total#eritrea#307 km; note - nonoperational since 1978 except for about 5 km that was reopened in Massawa in 1994; rehabilitation of the remainder and of the rolling stock is under way; links Ak'ordat and Asmara {formerly Asmera} with the port of Massawa {formerly Mits'iwa})
(transportation_railways_narrow_gauge#eritrea#307 km 0.950-m gauge {1995 est.})
(transportation_highways_total#eritrea#3,845 km)
(transportation_highways_paved#eritrea#807 km)
(transportation_highways_unpaved#eritrea#3,038 km {1993 est.})
(transportation_ports#eritrea#Assab {Aseb}, Massawa {Mits'iwa})
(transportation_merchant_marine_total#eritrea#1 cargo ship {1,000 GRT or over} totaling 11,573 GRT/13,593 DWT {1995 est.})
(transportation_airports#eritrea#14)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_over_3,047_m#eritrea#1)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_2,438_to_3,047_m#eritrea#1)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_under_914_m#eritrea#2)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_over_3,047_m#eritrea#1)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_2,438_to_3,047_m#eritrea#1)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_1,524_to_2,437_m#eritrea#4)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_914_to_1,523_m#eritrea#4 {1995 est.})
(communications_telephones#eritrea#NA)
(communications_telephone_system_domestic#eritrea#very inadequate; about 4 telephones per 100 families, most of which are in Asmara; government is seeking international tenders to improve the system)
(communications_telephone_system_international#eritrea#NA)
(communications_radio_broadcast_stations#eritrea#AM NA, FM NA, shortwave 0)
(communications_radios#eritrea#NA)
(communications_television_broadcast_stations#eritrea#1 {government controlled})
(communications_televisions#eritrea#NA)
(defense_branches#eritrea#Army, Navy, Air Force)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_age_15-49#eritrea#NA)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_fit_for_military_service#eritrea#NA)
(defense_defense_expenditures#eritrea#$NA, NA% of GDP)
(geography_location#estonia#Eastern Europe, bordering the Baltic Sea and Gulf of Finland, between Latvia and Russia)
(geography_geographic_coordinates#estonia#59 00 N, 26 00 E)
(geography_map_references#estonia#Europe)
(geography_area_total_area#estonia#45,100 sq km)
(geography_area_land_area#estonia#43,200 sq km)
(geography_area_comparative_area#estonia#slightly larger than New Hampshire and Vermont combined)
(geography_area_note#estonia#includes 1,520 islands in the Baltic Sea)
(geography_land_boundaries_total#estonia#557 km)
(geography_land_boundaries_border_countries#estonia#Latvia 267 km, Russia 290 km)
(geography_coastline#estonia#1,393 km)
(geography_maritime_claims_exclusive_economic_zone#estonia#limits to be fixed in coordination with neighboring states)
(geography_maritime_claims_territorial_sea#estonia#12 nm)
(geography_international_disputes#estonia#claims over 2,000 sq km of Russian territory in the Narva and Pechora regions - based on boundary established under the 1921 Peace Treaty of Tartu; disputes maritime border with Latvia - primary concern is fishing rights around Ruhne Island in the Gulf of Riga)
(geography_climate#estonia#maritime, wet, moderate winters, cool summers)
(geography_terrain#estonia#marshy, lowlands)
(geography_terrain_lowest_point#estonia#Baltic Sea 0 m)
(geography_terrain_highest_point#estonia#Suur Munamagi 318 m)
(geography_natural_resources#estonia#shale oil, peat, phosphorite, amber)
(geography_land_use_arable_land#estonia#22%)
(geography_land_use_permanent_crops#estonia#0%)
(geography_land_use_meadows_and_pastures#estonia#11%)
(geography_land_use_forest_and_woodland#estonia#31%)
(geography_land_use_other#estonia#36%)
(geography_irrigated_land#estonia#110 sq km {1990})
(geography_environment_current_issues#estonia#air heavily polluted with sulfur dioxide from oil-shale burning power plants in northeast; contamination of soil and groundwater with petroleum products, chemicals at former Soviet military bases)
(geography_environment_natural_hazards#estonia#flooding occurs frequently in the spring)
(geography_environment_international_agreements#estonia#party to - Biodiversity, Climate Change, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Ship Pollution, Wetlands)
(people_population#estonia#1,459,428 {July 1996 est.})
(people_age_structure_0-14_years#estonia#20% {male 148,683; female 143,563})
(people_age_structure_15-64_years#estonia#66% {male 467,759; female 501,519})
(people_age_structure_65_years_and_over#estonia#14% {male 63,976; female 133,928} {July 1996 est.})
(people_population_growth_rate#estonia#-1.13% {1996 est.})
(people_birth_rate#estonia#10.74 births/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_death_rate#estonia#14.12 deaths/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_net_migration_rate#estonia#-7.96 migrant{s}/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_sex_ratio_at_birth#estonia#1.05 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_under_15_years#estonia#1.04 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_15-64_years#estonia#0.93 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_65_years_and_over#estonia#0.48 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_all_ages#estonia#0.87 male{s}/female {1996 est.})
(people_infant_mortality_rate#estonia#17.4 deaths/1,000 live births {1996 est.})
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_total_population#estonia#68.13 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_male#estonia#62.5 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_female#estonia#74.05 years {1996 est.})
(people_total_fertility_rate#estonia#1.55 children born/woman {1996 est.})
(people_nationality_noun#estonia#Estonian{s})
(people_nationality_adjective#estonia#Estonian)
(people_ethnic_divisions#estonia#Estonian 61.5%, Russian 30.3%, Ukrainian 3.2%, Byelorussian 1.8%, Finn 1.1%, other 2.1% {1989})
(people_religions#estonia#Lutheran, Orthodox Christian)
(people_languages#estonia#Estonian {official}, Latvian, Lithuanian, Russian, other)
(people_literacy#estonia#age 15 and over can read and write {1989 est.})
(people_literacy_total_population#estonia#100%)
(people_literacy_male#estonia#100%)
(people_literacy_female#estonia#100%)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_long_form#estonia#Republic of Estonia)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_short_form#estonia#Estonia)
(government_name_of_country_local_long_form#estonia#Eesti Vabariik)
(government_name_of_country_local_short_form#estonia#Eesti)
(government_name_of_country_former#estonia#Estonian Soviet Socialist Republic)
(government_data_code#estonia#EN)
(government_type_of_government#estonia#republic)
(government_capital#estonia#Tallinn)
(government_administrative_divisions#estonia#15 counties {maakonnad, singular - maakond}: Harju maakond {Tallinn}, Hiiu maakond {Kardla}, Ida-Viru maakond {Johvi}, Jarva maakond {Paide}, Jogeva maakond {Jogeva}, Laane maakond {Haapsalu}, Laane-Viru maakond {Rakvere}, Parnu maakond {Parnu}, Polva maakond {Polva}, Rapla maakond {Rapla}, Saare maakond {Kuessaare}, Tartu maakond {Tartu}, Valga maakond {Valga}, Viljandi maakond {Viljandi}, Voru maakond {Voru})
(government_administrative_divisions_note#estonia#county centers are in parentheses)
(government_independence#estonia#6 September 1991 {from Soviet Union})
(government_national_holiday#estonia#Independence Day, 24 February {1918})
(government_constitution#estonia#adopted 28 June 1992)
(government_legal_system#estonia#based on civil law system; no judicial review of legislative acts)
(government_suffrage#estonia#18 years of age; universal)
(government_executive_branch_chief_of_state#estonia#President Lennart MERI {since 21 October 1992} was elected for a five-year term by Parliament; election last held 20 September 1992 {next to be held fall 1996}; results - no candidate received majority; Parliament elected Lennart MERI)
(government_executive_branch_head_of_government#estonia#Acting Prime Minister Tiit VAHI {since NA March 1995}; the president nominated and Parliament authorized the candidate for prime minister)
(government_executive_branch_cabinet#estonia#Council of Ministers was appointed by the prime minister, approved by Parliament)
(government_legislative_branch#estonia#unicameral)
(government_parliament_{riigikogu}#estonia#elections last held 5 March 1995 {next to be held NA 1999}; results - KMU 32.22%, RE 16.18%, K 14.17%, Pro Patria and ERSP 7.85%, M 5.98%, Our Home is Estonia and Right-Wingers 5.0%; seats - {101 total} KMU 41, RE 19, K 16, Pro Patria 8, Our Home is Estonia 6, M 6, Right-Wingers 5)
(government_judicial_branch#estonia#National Court)
(government_political_parties_and_leaders#estonia#Coalition Party and Rural Union {KMU}, Tiit VAHI, chairman, made up of 4 parties: Coalition Party, Country People's Party, Farmer's Assembly, and Pensioners' and Families' League; Reform Party-Liberals {RE}, Siim KALLAS, chairman; Center Party {K}, Edgar SAVISAAR, chairman; Union of Pro Patria or Fatherland Alliance {Isamaa of Fatherland}, Toivo JURGENSON, chairman; National Independence Party {ERSP}, Kelam TUNNE, chairman, note - may have disappeared since the last election; Our Home is Estonia made up of 2 parties: United Peoples Party and the Russian People's Party of Estonia; United Peoples Party, Viktor ANDREJEV, chairman; Russian People's Party of Estonia, Sergei KUZNETSOV, chairman; Moderates {M} made up of 2 parties: Social Democratic Party and Rural Center Party; Social Democratic Party, Eiki NESTOR, chairman; Rural Center Party, Vambo KAAL, chairman; Right-Wingers, Ulo NUGIS, chairman)
(government_international_organization_participation#estonia#BIS, CBSS, CCC, CE, EBRD, ECE, EU {applicant}, FAO, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, ISO {correspondent}, ITU, NACC, OSCE, PFP, UN, UNCRO, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UPU, WEU {associate partner}, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTrO {applicant})
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_chief_of_mission#estonia#Ambassador Toomas Hendrik ILVES)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_chancery#estonia#2131 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_telephone#estonia#[1] {202} 588-0101)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_fax#estonia#[1] {202} 789-0471)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_consulate{s}_general#estonia#New York)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_chief_of_mission#estonia#Ambassador Lawrence P. TAYLOR)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_embassy#estonia#Kentmanni 20, Tallinn EE 0001)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_mailing_address#estonia#use embassy street address)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_telephone#estonia#[372] {6} 312-021)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_fax#estonia#[372] {6} 312-025)
(government_flag#estonia#pre-1940 flag restored by Supreme Soviet in May 1990 - three equal horizontal bands of blue {top}, black, and white)
(economy_economic_overview#estonia#Estonia continues to experience strong economic growth after its economy bottomed out in 1993. Bolstered by a widespread national desire to reintegrate into Western Europe, Estonia has adhered to disciplined fiscal and financial policies and has led the FSU countries in pursuing economic reform. Monthly inflation has been held to under 5% since the beginning of 1992, with monthly inflation in 1995 at 2%. Following four years of decline, Estonia's GDP grew 5% in 1994 and 6% in 1995 - among the highest rates in Europe, according to estimates of the IMF and Estonia's own Economic Ministry. Despite these positive economic indicators, unemployment - 8% in 1994 - is on the rise, and wages - especially for teachers and law enforcement personnel - have not kept pace with inflation. Small- and medium-scale privatization is essentially complete, and large-scale privatization is progressing, but slowly. Estonia has successfully reoriented it trade toward the West, two-thirds of exports now going to Western markets. Estonia's free trade policies were the cornerstone of its negotiations with the European Union, and led to the signing of an association agreement in June 1995. Estonia was the only Baltic state not to have a transition period imposed by the EU prior to its implementation of a free trade agreement.)
(economy_gdp#estonia#purchasing power parity - $12.3 billion {1995 estimate as extrapolated from World Bank estimate for 1994})
(economy_gdp_real_growth_rate#estonia#6% {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_per_capita#estonia#$7,600 {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_agriculture#estonia#10%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_industry#estonia#37%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_services#estonia#53% {1993 est.})
(economy_inflation_rate_{consumer_prices}#estonia#29% {1995 est.})
(economy_labor_force#estonia#750,000 {1992})
(economy_labor_force_by_occupation#estonia#industry and construction 42%, agriculture and forestry 20%, other 38% {1990})
(economy_unemployment_rate#estonia#8% {1994 est.})
(economy_budget_revenues#estonia#$620 million)
(economy_budget_expenditures#estonia#$582 million, including capital expenditures of $NA {January-October 1995})
(economy_industries#estonia#oil shale, shipbuilding, phosphates, electric motors, excavators, cement, furniture, clothing, textiles, paper, shoes, apparel)
(economy_industrial_production_growth_rate#estonia#NA%)
(economy_electricity_capacity#estonia#3,420,000 kW)
(economy_electricity_production#estonia#11.3 billion kWh)
(economy_electricity_consumption_per_capita#estonia#6,528 kWh {1993})
(economy_agriculture#estonia#potatoes, fruits, vegetables; livestock and dairy products; fish)
(economy_illicit_drugs#estonia#transshipment point for illicit drugs from Central and Southwest Asia and Latin America to Western Europe; very limited illicit opium producer; mostly for domestic consumption)
(economy_exports#estonia#$1.8 billion {f.o.b., 1995})
(economy_exports_commodities#estonia#textile 14%, food products 11%, vehicles 11%, metals 11% {1993})
(economy_exports_partners#estonia#Russia, Finland, Sweden, Germany)
(economy_imports#estonia#$2.5 billion {c.i.f., 1995})
(economy_imports_commodities#estonia#machinery 18%, fuels 15%, vehicles 14%, textiles 10% {1993})
(economy_imports_partners#estonia#Finland, Russia, Germany, Sweden)
(economy_external_debt#estonia#$270 million {January 1996})
(economy_economic_aid_recipient#estonia#ODA, $147 million {1993})
(economy_economic_aid_note#estonia#Western commitments $285 million {including international financial institutions})
(economy_currency#estonia#1 Estonian kroon {EEK} = 100 cents {introduced in August 1992})
(economy_exchange_rates#estonia#krooni {EEK} per US$1 - 11.523 {December 1995}, 11.465 {1995}, 12.991 {1994}, 13.223 {1993}; note - krooni are tied to the German deutsche mark at a fixed rate of 8 to 1)
(economy_fiscal_year#estonia#calendar year)
(transportation_railways_total#estonia#1,018 km common carrier lines only; does not include dedicated industrial lines)
(transportation_railways_broad_gauge#estonia#1,018 km 1.520-m gauge {132 km electrified} {1995})
(transportation_highways_total#estonia#14,771 km)
(transportation_highways_paved#estonia#8,124 km {including 62 km of expressways})
(transportation_highways_unpaved#estonia#6,647 km {1993})
(transportation_waterways#estonia#500 km perennially navigable)
(transportation_pipelines#estonia#natural gas 420 km {1992})
(transportation_ports#estonia#Haapsalu, Narva, Paldiski, Parnu, Tallinn)
(transportation_merchant_marine_total#estonia#52 ships {1,000 GRT or over} totaling 353,140 GRT/467,086 DWT)
(transportation_merchant_marine_ships_by_type#estonia#bulk 6, cargo 33, oil tanker 3, roll-on/roll-off cargo 6, short-sea passenger 4 {1995 est.})
(transportation_airports_total#estonia#22)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_2,438_to_3,047_m#estonia#7)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_914_to_1,523_m#estonia#3)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_2,438_to_3,047_m#estonia#1)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_1,524_to_2,437_m#estonia#2)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_914_to_1,523_m#estonia#4)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_under_914_m#estonia#5 {1994 est.})
(communications_telephones#estonia#400,000)
(communications_telephone_system#estonia#system is antiquated; improvements are being made piecemeal, with emphasis on business needs and international connections; there are still about 150,000 unfulfilled requests for subscriber service)
(communications_telephone_system_domestic#estonia#substantial investment has been made in cellular systems which are operational throughout Estonia)
(communications_telephone_system_international#estonia#international traffic is carried to the other former Soviet republics by landline or microwave radio relay and to other countries partly by leased connection to the Moscow international gateway switch and partly by a new Tallinn-Helsinki fiber-optic, submarine cable which gives Estonia access to international circuits everywhere; access to the international packet-switched digital network via Helsinki)
(communications_radio_broadcast_stations#estonia#AM NA, FM NA, shortwave 0)
(communications_radios#estonia#710,000 {1992 est.})
(communications_television_broadcast_stations#estonia#3)
(communications_television_broadcast_stations_note#estonia#provide Estonian programs as well as Moscow Ostenkino's first and second programs)
(communications_televisions#estonia#600,000 {1993 est.})
(defense_branches#estonia#Ground Forces, Navy, Air and Air Defense Force {not officially sanctioned}, Maritime Border Guard, Volunteer Defense League {Kaitseliit}, Security Forces {internal and border troops}, Coast Guard)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_age_15-49#estonia#357,835)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_fit_for_military_service#estonia#280,757)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_reach_military_age_{18}_annually#estonia#10,525 {1996 est.})
(defense_defense_expenditures#estonia#exchange rate conversion - $35 million, 1.5% of GDP {1995})
(geography_location#ethiopia#Eastern Africa, west of Somalia)
(geography_geographic_coordinates#ethiopia#8 00 N, 38 00 E)
(geography_map_references#ethiopia#Africa)
(geography_area_total_area#ethiopia#1,127,127 sq km)
(geography_area_land_area#ethiopia#1,119,683 sq km)
(geography_area_comparative_area#ethiopia#slightly less than twice the size of Texas)
(geography_land_boundaries_total#ethiopia#5,311 km)
(geography_land_boundaries_border_countries#ethiopia#Djibouti 337 km, Eritrea 912 km, Kenya 830 km, Somalia 1,626 km, Sudan 1,606 km)
(geography_coastline#ethiopia#0 km {landlocked})
(geography_maritime_claims#ethiopia#none {landlocked})
(geography_international_disputes#ethiopia#southern half of the boundary with Somalia is a Provisional Administrative Line; territorial dispute with Somalia over the Ogaden)
(geography_climate#ethiopia#tropical monsoon with wide topographic-induced variation)
(geography_terrain#ethiopia#high plateau with central mountain range divided by Great Rift Valley)
(geography_terrain_lowest_point#ethiopia#Denakil -125 m)
(geography_terrain_highest_point#ethiopia#Ras Dashen Terara 4,620 m)
(geography_natural_resources#ethiopia#small reserves of gold, platinum, copper, potash)
(geography_land_use_arable_land#ethiopia#12%)
(geography_land_use_permanent_crops#ethiopia#1%)
(geography_land_use_meadows_and_pastures#ethiopia#41%)
(geography_land_use_forest_and_woodland#ethiopia#24%)
(geography_land_use_other#ethiopia#22%)
(geography_irrigated_land#ethiopia#1,620 sq km {1989 est.})
(geography_environment_current_issues#ethiopia#deforestation; overgrazing; soil erosion; desertification; famine)
(geography_environment_natural_hazards#ethiopia#geologically active Great Rift Valley susceptible to earthquakes, volcanic eruptions; frequent droughts)
(geography_environment_international_agreements#ethiopia#party to - Biodiversity, Climate Change, Endangered Species, Ozone Layer Protection; signed, but not ratified - Desertification, Environmental Modification, Law of the Sea, Nuclear Test Ban)
(geography_geographic_note#ethiopia#landlocked - entire coastline along the Red Sea was lost with the de jure independence of Eritrea on 27 April 1993)
(people_population#ethiopia#57,171,662 {July 1996 est.})
(people_age_structure_0-14_years#ethiopia#46% {male 13,116,158; female 13,080,276})
(people_age_structure_15-64_years#ethiopia#51% {male 14,782,995; female 14,624,779})
(people_age_structure_65_years_and_over#ethiopia#3% {male 728,808; female 838,646} {July 1996 est.})
(people_population_growth_rate#ethiopia#2.72% {1996 est.})
(people_birth_rate#ethiopia#46.05 births/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_death_rate#ethiopia#17.53 deaths/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_net_migration_rate#ethiopia#-1.36 migrant{s}/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_net_migration_rate_note#ethiopia#repatriation of Ethiopians who fled to Sudan, Kenya and Somalia for refuge from war and famine in earlier years, is expected to continue in 1996; entry into Ethiopia of Sudanese and Somalis fleeing the fighting in their own countries is also continuing in 1996)
(people_sex_ratio_at_birth#ethiopia#1.03 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_under_15_years#ethiopia#1 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_15-64_years#ethiopia#1.01 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_65_years_and_over#ethiopia#0.87 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_all_ages#ethiopia#1 male{s}/female {1996 est.})
(people_infant_mortality_rate#ethiopia#122.8 deaths/1,000 live births {1996 est.})
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_total_population#ethiopia#46.85 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_male#ethiopia#45.71 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_female#ethiopia#48.02 years {1996 est.})
(people_total_fertility_rate#ethiopia#7 children born/woman {1996 est.})
(people_nationality_noun#ethiopia#Ethiopian{s})
(people_nationality_adjective#ethiopia#Ethiopian)
(people_ethnic_divisions#ethiopia#Oromo 40%, Amhara and Tigrean 32%, Sidamo 9%, Shankella 6%, Somali 6%, Afar 4%, Gurage 2%, other 1%)
(people_religions#ethiopia#Muslim 45%-50%, Ethiopian Orthodox 35%-40%, animist 12%, other 5%)
(people_languages#ethiopia#Amharic {official}, Tigrinya, Orominga, Guaraginga, Somali, Arabic, English {major foreign language taught in schools})
(people_literacy#ethiopia#age 15 and over can read and write {1995 est.})
(people_literacy_total_population#ethiopia#35.5%)
(people_literacy_male#ethiopia#45.5%)
(people_literacy_female#ethiopia#25.3%)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_long_form#ethiopia#Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_short_form#ethiopia#Ethiopia)
(government_name_of_country_local_long_form#ethiopia#none)
(government_name_of_country_local_short_form#ethiopia#Ityop'iya)
(government_name_of_country_abbreviation#ethiopia#FDRE)
(government_data_code#ethiopia#ET)
(government_type_of_government#ethiopia#federal republic)
(government_type_of_government_note#ethiopia#on 28 May 1991 the Ethiopian People's Revolutionary Democratic Front {EPRDF} toppled the authoritarian government of MENGISTU Haile-Mariam and took control in Addis Ababa; a new constitution was promulgated in December 1994 and national and regional popular elections were held in May and June 1995)
(government_capital#ethiopia#Addis Ababa)
(government_administrative_divisions#ethiopia#9 ethnically-based administrative regions {astedader akababiwach, singular - astedader akababi} and 1 federal capital*: Addis Ababa*; Afar; Amhara; Benshangul/Gumaz; Gambela; Harar; Oromia; Somali; Southern Nations, Nationalities and Peoples; Tigray)
(government_independence#ethiopia#oldest independent country in Africa and one of the oldest in the world - at least 2,000 years)
(government_national_holiday#ethiopia#National Day, 28 May {1991} {defeat of Mengistu regime})
(government_constitution#ethiopia#new constitution promulgated in December 1994)
(government_legal_system#ethiopia#NA)
(government_suffrage#ethiopia#18 years of age; universal)
(government_executive_branch_chief_of_state#ethiopia#President NEGASSO Gidada {since NA August 1995} elected by the Council of People's Representatives following the elections of legislators in May and June 1995)
(government_executive_branch_head_of_government#ethiopia#Prime Minister MELES Zenawi {since NA August 1995} designated by the party in power, EPRDF, following the elections of legislators in May and June 1995)
(government_executive_branch_cabinet#ethiopia#Council of Ministers as provided in the December 1994 constitution; ministers are selected by the prime minister and approved by the Council of People's Representatives)
(government_legislative_branch#ethiopia#bicameral legislature)
(government_federal_council#ethiopia#upper chamber, having NA members, represents the ethnic interests of the regional governments and is elected by the regional assemblies)
(government_council_of_people's_representatives#ethiopia#lower chamber, having 550 members, elected by popular vote)
(government_council_of_people's_representatives_note#ethiopia#both bodies have five-year terms of office; regional and national popular elections were held in May and June 1995; results - EPRDF swept nearly all seats)
(government_judicial_branch#ethiopia#Supreme Court, judges are elected by the national legislature)
(government_political_parties_and_leaders#ethiopia#Ethiopian People's Revolutionary Democratic Front {EPRDF}, MELES Zenawi)
(government_other_political_or_pressure_groups#ethiopia#Oromo Liberation Front {OLF}; All Amhara People's Organization; Southern Ethiopia People's Democratic Coalition; numerous small, ethnic-based groups have formed since MENGISTU'S resignation, including several Islamic militant groups)
(government_international_organization_participation#ethiopia#ACP, AfDB, CCC, ECA, FAO, G-24, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IGADD, ILO, IMF, IMO, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, ISO, ITU, NAM, OAU, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNU, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WMO, WToO, WTrO {observer})
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_chief_of_mission#ethiopia#Ambassador BERHANE Gebre-Christos)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_chancery#ethiopia#2134 Kalorama Road NW, Washington, DC 20008)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_telephone#ethiopia#[1] {202} 234-2281, 2282)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_fax#ethiopia#[1] {202} 328-7950)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_chief_of_mission#ethiopia#Ambassador Irvin HICKS)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_embassy#ethiopia#Entoto Street, Addis Ababa)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_mailing_address#ethiopia#P. O. Box 1014, Addis Ababa)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_telephone#ethiopia#[251] {1} 550666)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_fax#ethiopia#[251] {1} 552191)
(government_flag#ethiopia#three equal horizontal bands of green {top}, yellow, and red with a yellow pentagram and single yellow rays emanating from the angles between the points on a light blue disk centered on the three bands; Ethiopia is the oldest independent country in Africa, and the colors of her flag were so often adopted by other African countries upon independence that they became known as the pan-African colors)
(economy_economic_overview#ethiopia#Ethiopia continues to face difficult economic problems as one of the poorest and least developed countries in Africa. Its economy is based on agriculture, which accounts for about half of GDP, 90% of exports, and 80% of total employment; coffee generates 60% of export earnings. The agricultural sector suffers from frequent periods of drought, poor cultivation practices, and deterioration of internal security conditions. The manufacturing sector is heavily dependent on inputs from the agricultural sector. Over 90% of large-scale industry, but less than 10% of agriculture, is state-run. The government is considering selling off a portion of state-owned plants and is implementing reform measures that are gradually liberalizing the economy. A major medium-term problem is the improvement of roads, water supply, and other parts of an infrastructure badly neglected during years of civil strife.)
(economy_gdp#ethiopia#purchasing power parity - $24.2 billion {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_real_growth_rate#ethiopia#2.7% {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_per_capita#ethiopia#$400 {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_agriculture#ethiopia#48%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_industry#ethiopia#15%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_services#ethiopia#37% {1993 est.})
(economy_inflation_rate_{consumer_prices}#ethiopia#10% {FY93/94})
(economy_labor_force#ethiopia#18 million)
(economy_labor_force_by_occupation#ethiopia#agriculture and animal husbandry 80%, government and services 12%, industry and construction 8% {1985})
(economy_unemployment_rate#ethiopia#NA%)
(economy_budget_revenues#ethiopia#$1.2 billion)
(economy_budget_expenditures#ethiopia#$1.7 billion, including capital expenditures of $707 million {FY93/94})
(economy_industries#ethiopia#food processing, beverages, textiles, chemicals, metals processing, cement)
(economy_industrial_production_growth_rate#ethiopia#NA%)
(economy_electricity_capacity#ethiopia#460,000 kW)
(economy_electricity_production#ethiopia#1.3 billion kWh)
(economy_electricity_consumption_per_capita#ethiopia#23 kWh {1993})
(economy_agriculture#ethiopia#cereals, pulses, coffee, oilseed, sugarcane, potatoes, other vegetables; hides, cattle, sheep, goats)
(economy_illicit_drugs#ethiopia#transit hub for heroin originating in Southwest and Southeast Asia and destined for Europe and North America as well as cocaine destined for markets in southern Africa; cultivates qat {chat} for local use and regional export)
(economy_exports#ethiopia#$296 million {f.o.b., 1994 est.})
(economy_exports_commodities#ethiopia#coffee, leather products, gold)
(economy_exports_partners#ethiopia#Germany, Japan, Saudi Arabia, France, Italy)
(economy_imports#ethiopia#$972 million {c.i.f., 1994 est.})
(economy_imports_commodities#ethiopia#capital goods, consumer goods, fuel)
(economy_imports_partners#ethiopia#US, Germany, Italy, Saudi Arabia, Japan)
(economy_external_debt#ethiopia#$3.7 billion {1993 est.})
(economy_economic_aid_recipient#ethiopia#ODA, $1.036 billion {1993})
(economy_currency#ethiopia#1 birr {Br} = 100 cents)
(economy_exchange_rates#ethiopia#birr {Br} per US$1 - 6.3200 {December 1995}, 6.3200 {1995}, 5.9500 {1994}, 5.0000 {fixed rate 1992-93}; fixed at 2.070 before 1992; note - official rate pegged to the US$)
(economy_fiscal_year#ethiopia#8 July - 7 July)
(transportation_railways_total#ethiopia#681 km {Ethiopian segment of the Addis Ababa-Djibouti railroad})
(transportation_railways_narrow_gauge#ethiopia#681 km 1.000-m gauge)
(transportation_highways_total#ethiopia#24,127 km)
(transportation_highways_paved#ethiopia#3,289 km)
(transportation_highways_unpaved#ethiopia#20,838 km {1993 est.})
(transportation_ports#ethiopia#none; Ethiopia is landlocked but by agreement with Eritrea may use the ports of Assab and Massawa)
(transportation_merchant_marine_total#ethiopia#12 ships {1,000 GRT or over} totaling 62,627 GRT/88,908 DWT)
(transportation_merchant_marine_ships_by_type#ethiopia#cargo 8, oil tanker 2, roll-on/roll-off cargo 2 {1995 est.})
(transportation_airports_total#ethiopia#58)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_over_3,047_m#ethiopia#2)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_2,438_to_3,047_m#ethiopia#3)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_1,524_to_2,437_m#ethiopia#1)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_914_to_1,523_m#ethiopia#1)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_under_914_m#ethiopia#6)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_over_3,047_m#ethiopia#2)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_2,438_to_3,047_m#ethiopia#5)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_1,524_to_2,437_m#ethiopia#9)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_914_to_1,523_m#ethiopia#29 {1995 est.})
(communications_telephones#ethiopia#100,000 {1983 est.})
(communications_telephone_system#ethiopia#open wire and microwave radio relay system adequate for government use)
(communications_telephone_system_domestic#ethiopia#open wire and microwave radio relay)
(communications_telephone_system_international#ethiopia#open wire to Sudan and Djibouti; microwave radio relay to Kenya and Djibouti; satellite earth stations - 3 Intelsat {1 Atlantic Ocean and 2 Pacific Ocean})
(communications_radio_broadcast_stations#ethiopia#AM 4, FM 0, shortwave 0)
(communications_radios#ethiopia#9.9 million {1992 est.})
(communications_television_broadcast_stations#ethiopia#1)
(communications_televisions#ethiopia#100,000 {1993 est.})
(defense_branches#ethiopia#Ground Forces, Air Force, Police)
(defense_branches_note#ethiopia#following the secession of Eritrea, Ethiopia's naval facilities remained in Eritrea's possession; current reorganization plans do not include a navy)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_age_15-49#ethiopia#12,912,144)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_fit_for_military_service#ethiopia#6,707,180)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_reach_military_age_{18}_annually#ethiopia#583,724 {1996 est.})
(defense_defense_expenditures#ethiopia#exchange rate conversion - $140 million, 4.1% of GDP {FY93/94})
(header_affiliation#europa_island#{possession of France})
(geography_location#europa_island#Southern Africa, island in the Mozambique Channel, about one-half of the way from southern Madagascar to southern Mozambique)
(geography_geographic_coordinates#europa_island#22 20 S, 40 22 E)
(geography_map_references#europa_island#Africa)
(geography_area_total_area#europa_island#28 sq km)
(geography_area_land_area#europa_island#28 sq km)
(geography_area_comparative_area#europa_island#about 0.1 times the size of Washington, DC)
(geography_land_boundaries#europa_island#0 km)
(geography_coastline#europa_island#22.2 km)
(geography_maritime_claims_exclusive_economic_zone#europa_island#200 nm)
(geography_maritime_claims_territorial_sea#europa_island#12 nm)
(geography_international_disputes#europa_island#claimed by Madagascar)
(geography_climate#europa_island#tropical)
(geography_terrain#europa_island#NA)
(geography_terrain_lowest_point#europa_island#Indian Ocean 0 m)
(geography_terrain_highest_point#europa_island#unnamed location 24 m)
(geography_natural_resources#europa_island#negligible)
(geography_land_use_arable_land#europa_island#NA%)
(geography_land_use_permanent_crops#europa_island#NA%)
(geography_land_use_meadows_and_pastures#europa_island#NA%)
(geography_land_use_forest_and_woodland#europa_island#NA% {heavily wooded})
(geography_land_use_other#europa_island#NA%)
(geography_irrigated_land#europa_island#0 sq km)
(geography_environment_current_issues#europa_island#NA)
(geography_environment_natural_hazards#europa_island#NA)
(geography_environment_international_agreements#europa_island#NA)
(geography_geographic_note#europa_island#wildlife sanctuary)
(people_population#europa_island#uninhabited)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_long_form#europa_island#none)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_short_form#europa_island#Europa Island)
(government_name_of_country_local_long_form#europa_island#none)
(government_name_of_country_local_short_form#europa_island#Ile Europa)
(government_data_code#europa_island#EU)
(government_type_of_government#europa_island#French possession administered by Commissioner of the Republic; resident in Reunion)
(government_capital#europa_island#none; administered by France from Reunion)
(government_independence#europa_island#none {possession of France})
(government_flag#europa_island#the flag of France is used)
(economy_economic_overview#europa_island#no economic activity)
(transportation_ports#europa_island#none; offshore anchorage only)
(transportation_airports_total#europa_island#1)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_914_to_1,523_m#europa_island#1 {1995 est.})
(communications_communications_note#europa_island#1 meteorological station)
(defense_defense_note#europa_island#defense is the responsibility of France)
(header_affiliation#falkland_islands_{islas_malvinas}#{dependent territory of the UK})
(geography_location#falkland_islands_{islas_malvinas}#Southern South America, islands in the South Atlantic Ocean, east of southern Argentina)
(geography_geographic_coordinates#falkland_islands_{islas_malvinas}#51 45 S, 59 00 W)
(geography_map_references#falkland_islands_{islas_malvinas}#South America)
(geography_area_total_area#falkland_islands_{islas_malvinas}#12,170 sq km)
(geography_area_land_area#falkland_islands_{islas_malvinas}#12,170 sq km)
(geography_area_comparative_area#falkland_islands_{islas_malvinas}#slightly smaller than Connecticut)
(geography_area_note#falkland_islands_{islas_malvinas}#includes the two main islands of East and West Falkland and about 200 small islands)
(geography_land_boundaries#falkland_islands_{islas_malvinas}#0 km)
(geography_coastline#falkland_islands_{islas_malvinas}#1,288 km)
(geography_maritime_claims_continental_shelf#falkland_islands_{islas_malvinas}#200 nm)
(geography_maritime_claims_exclusive_fishing_zone#falkland_islands_{islas_malvinas}#200 nm)
(geography_maritime_claims_territorial_sea#falkland_islands_{islas_malvinas}#12 nm)
(geography_international_disputes#falkland_islands_{islas_malvinas}#administered by the UK, claimed by Argentina)
(geography_climate#falkland_islands_{islas_malvinas}#cold marine; strong westerly winds, cloudy, humid; rain occurs on more than half of days in year; occasional snow all year, except in January and February, but does not accumulate)
(geography_terrain#falkland_islands_{islas_malvinas}#rocky, hilly, mountainous with some boggy, undulating plains)
(geography_terrain_lowest_point#falkland_islands_{islas_malvinas}#Atlantic Ocean 0 m)
(geography_terrain_highest_point#falkland_islands_{islas_malvinas}#Mount Usborne 705 m)
(geography_natural_resources#falkland_islands_{islas_malvinas}#fish, wildlife)
(geography_land_use_arable_land#falkland_islands_{islas_malvinas}#0%)
(geography_land_use_permanent_crops#falkland_islands_{islas_malvinas}#0%)
(geography_land_use_meadows_and_pastures#falkland_islands_{islas_malvinas}#99%)
(geography_land_use_forest_and_woodland#falkland_islands_{islas_malvinas}#0%)
(geography_land_use_other#falkland_islands_{islas_malvinas}#1%)
(geography_irrigated_land#falkland_islands_{islas_malvinas}#NA sq km)
(geography_environment_current_issues#falkland_islands_{islas_malvinas}#NA)
(geography_environment_natural_hazards#falkland_islands_{islas_malvinas}#strong winds persist throughout the year)
(geography_environment_international_agreements#falkland_islands_{islas_malvinas}#NA)
(geography_geographic_note#falkland_islands_{islas_malvinas}#deeply indented coast provides good natural harbors; short growing season)
(people_population#falkland_islands_{islas_malvinas}#2,374 {July 1996 est.})
(people_age_structure_0-14_years#falkland_islands_{islas_malvinas}#NA)
(people_age_structure_15-64_years#falkland_islands_{islas_malvinas}#NA)
(people_age_structure_65_years_and_over#falkland_islands_{islas_malvinas}#NA)
(people_population_growth_rate#falkland_islands_{islas_malvinas}#2.43% {1996 est.})
(people_birth_rate#falkland_islands_{islas_malvinas}#NA births/1,000 population)
(people_death_rate#falkland_islands_{islas_malvinas}#NA deaths/1,000 population)
(people_net_migration_rate#falkland_islands_{islas_malvinas}#NA migrant{s}/1,000 population)
(people_sex_ratio_at_birth#falkland_islands_{islas_malvinas}#NA male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_under_15_years#falkland_islands_{islas_malvinas}#NA male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_15-64_years#falkland_islands_{islas_malvinas}#NA male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_65_years_and_over#falkland_islands_{islas_malvinas}#NA male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_all_ages#falkland_islands_{islas_malvinas}#NA male{s}/female)
(people_infant_mortality_rate#falkland_islands_{islas_malvinas}#NA deaths/1,000 live births)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_total_population#falkland_islands_{islas_malvinas}#NA years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_male#falkland_islands_{islas_malvinas}#NA years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_female#falkland_islands_{islas_malvinas}#NA years)
(people_total_fertility_rate#falkland_islands_{islas_malvinas}#NA children born/woman)
(people_nationality_noun#falkland_islands_{islas_malvinas}#Falkland Islander{s})
(people_nationality_adjective#falkland_islands_{islas_malvinas}#Falkland Island)
(people_ethnic_divisions#falkland_islands_{islas_malvinas}#British)
(people_religions#falkland_islands_{islas_malvinas}#primarily Anglican, Roman Catholic, United Free Church, Evangelist Church, Jehovah's Witnesses, Lutheran, Seventh-Day Adventist)
(people_languages#falkland_islands_{islas_malvinas}#English)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_long_form#falkland_islands_{islas_malvinas}#Colony of the Falkland Islands)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_short_form#falkland_islands_{islas_malvinas}#Falkland Islands {Islas Malvinas})
(government_data_code#falkland_islands_{islas_malvinas}#FA)
(government_type_of_government#falkland_islands_{islas_malvinas}#dependent territory of the UK)
(government_capital#falkland_islands_{islas_malvinas}#Stanley)
(government_administrative_divisions#falkland_islands_{islas_malvinas}#none {dependent territory of the UK})
(government_independence#falkland_islands_{islas_malvinas}#none {dependent territory of the UK})
(government_national_holiday#falkland_islands_{islas_malvinas}#Liberation Day, 14 June {1982})
(government_constitution#falkland_islands_{islas_malvinas}#3 October 1985)
(government_legal_system#falkland_islands_{islas_malvinas}#English common law)
(government_suffrage#falkland_islands_{islas_malvinas}#18 years of age; universal)
(government_executive_branch_chief_of_state#falkland_islands_{islas_malvinas}#Queen ELIZABETH II {of the UK since 6 February 1952} is a hereditary monarch)
(government_executive_branch_head_of_government#falkland_islands_{islas_malvinas}#Governor R. RALPH {since NA} was appointed by the queen)
(government_executive_branch_cabinet#falkland_islands_{islas_malvinas}#Executive Council; three members elected by the Legislative Council, two ex-officio members {chief executive and the financial secretary}, and the governor)
(government_legislative_branch#falkland_islands_{islas_malvinas}#unicameral)
(government_legislative_council#falkland_islands_{islas_malvinas}#elections last held 11 October 1989 {next was to be held NA October 1994}; results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - {10 total, 8 elected} independents 8)
(government_judicial_branch#falkland_islands_{islas_malvinas}#Supreme Court)
(government_political_parties_and_leaders#falkland_islands_{islas_malvinas}#NA)
(government_international_organization_participation#falkland_islands_{islas_malvinas}#ICFTU)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us#falkland_islands_{islas_malvinas}#none {dependent territory of the UK})
(government_us_diplomatic_representation#falkland_islands_{islas_malvinas}#none {dependent territory of the UK})
(government_flag#falkland_islands_{islas_malvinas}#blue with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side quadrant and the Falkland Island coat of arms in a white disk centered on the outer half of the flag; the coat of arms contains a white ram {sheep raising is the major economic activity} above the sailing ship Desire {whose crew discovered the islands} with a scroll at the bottom bearing the motto DESIRE THE RIGHT)
(economy_economic_overview#falkland_islands_{islas_malvinas}#The economy was formerly based on agriculture, mainly sheep farming, which directly or indirectly employs most of the work force. Dairy farming supports domestic consumption; crops furnish winter fodder. Exports feature shipments of high-grade wool to the UK and the sale of postage stamps and coins. Rich stocks of fish in the surrounding waters are not presently exploited by the islanders. So far, efforts to establish a domestic fishing industry have been unsuccessful. The economy has diversified since 1987, when the government began selling fishing licenses to foreign trawlers operating within the Falklands exclusive fishing zone. These license fees total more than $40 million per year and support the island's health, education, and welfare system. To encourage tourism, the Falkland Islands Development Corporation has built three lodges for visitors attracted by the abundant wildlife and trout fishing. The islands are now self-financing except for defense. The British Geological Survey announced a 200-mile oil exploration zone around the islands in 1993, and early seismic surveys suggest substantial reserves capable of producing 500,000 barrels per day. An agreement between Argentina and the United Kingdom in 1995 seeks to defuse licensing and sovereignty conflicts that would dampen foreign interest in exploiting potential oil reserves.)
(economy_gdp#falkland_islands_{islas_malvinas}#purchasing power parity - $NA)
(economy_gdp_real_growth_rate#falkland_islands_{islas_malvinas}#NA%)
(economy_gdp_per_capita#falkland_islands_{islas_malvinas}#$NA)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_agriculture#falkland_islands_{islas_malvinas}#NA%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_industry#falkland_islands_{islas_malvinas}#NA%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_services#falkland_islands_{islas_malvinas}#NA%)
(economy_inflation_rate_{consumer_prices}#falkland_islands_{islas_malvinas}#NA%)
(economy_labor_force#falkland_islands_{islas_malvinas}#1,100 {est.})
(economy_labor_force_by_occupation#falkland_islands_{islas_malvinas}#agriculture 95% {mostly sheepherding})
(economy_unemployment_rate#falkland_islands_{islas_malvinas}#NA%; labor shortage)
(economy_budget_revenues#falkland_islands_{islas_malvinas}#$42.7 million)
(economy_budget_expenditures#falkland_islands_{islas_malvinas}#$28.5 million, including capital expenditures of $NA {1993-94 est.})
(economy_industries#falkland_islands_{islas_malvinas}#wool and fish processing)
(economy_industrial_production_growth_rate#falkland_islands_{islas_malvinas}#NA%)
(economy_electricity_capacity#falkland_islands_{islas_malvinas}#9,200 kW)
(economy_electricity_production#falkland_islands_{islas_malvinas}#17 million kWh)
(economy_electricity_consumption_per_capita#falkland_islands_{islas_malvinas}#7,253 kWh {1993})
(economy_agriculture#falkland_islands_{islas_malvinas}#fodder and vegetable crops; sheep farming, small dairy herds)
(economy_exports#falkland_islands_{islas_malvinas}#$5.4 million)
(economy_exports_commodities#falkland_islands_{islas_malvinas}#wool, hides, meat)
(economy_exports_partners#falkland_islands_{islas_malvinas}#UK, Netherlands, Japan {1992})
(economy_imports#falkland_islands_{islas_malvinas}#$26.2 million)
(economy_imports_commodities#falkland_islands_{islas_malvinas}#food, clothing, timber, and machinery)
(economy_imports_partners#falkland_islands_{islas_malvinas}#UK, Netherlands Antilles {Curacao}, Japan {1992})
(economy_external_debt#falkland_islands_{islas_malvinas}#$NA)
(economy_economic_aid_recipient#falkland_islands_{islas_malvinas}#ODA, $NA)
(economy_economic_aid_note#falkland_islands_{islas_malvinas}#UK, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments totaled $18 million {1993-94})
(economy_currency#falkland_islands_{islas_malvinas}#1 Falkland pound {úF} = 100 pence)
(economy_exchange_rates#falkland_islands_{islas_malvinas}#Falkland pound {úF} per US$1 - 0.6535 {January 1996}, 0.6335 {1995}, 0.6529 {1994}, 0.6658 {1993}, 0.5664 {1992}, 0.5652 {1991}; note - the Falkland pound is at par with the British pound)
(economy_fiscal_year#falkland_islands_{islas_malvinas}#1 April - 31 March)
(transportation_railways#falkland_islands_{islas_malvinas}#0 km)
(transportation_highways_total#falkland_islands_{islas_malvinas}#510 km)
(transportation_highways_paved#falkland_islands_{islas_malvinas}#30 km)
(transportation_highways_unpaved#falkland_islands_{islas_malvinas}#480 km)
(transportation_ports#falkland_islands_{islas_malvinas}#Stanley)
(transportation_merchant_marine#falkland_islands_{islas_malvinas}#none)
(transportation_airports_total#falkland_islands_{islas_malvinas}#5)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_2,438_to_3,047_m#falkland_islands_{islas_malvinas}#1)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_under_914_m#falkland_islands_{islas_malvinas}#4 {1995 est.})
(communications_telephones#falkland_islands_{islas_malvinas}#1,180 {1991 est.})
(communications_telephone_system_domestic#falkland_islands_{islas_malvinas}#government-operated radiotelephone and private VHF/CB radiotelephone networks provide effective service to almost all points on both islands)
(communications_telephone_system_international#falkland_islands_{islas_malvinas}#satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat {Atlantic Ocean} with links through London to other countries)
(communications_radio_broadcast_stations#falkland_islands_{islas_malvinas}#AM 2, FM 3, shortwave 0)
(communications_radios#falkland_islands_{islas_malvinas}#1,000 {1992 est.})
(communications_television_broadcast_stations#falkland_islands_{islas_malvinas}#1 {government operated})
(communications_televisions#falkland_islands_{islas_malvinas}#NA)
(defense_branches#falkland_islands_{islas_malvinas}#British Forces Falkland Islands {includes Army, Royal Air Force, Royal Navy, and Royal Marines}, Police Force)
(defense_defense_expenditures#falkland_islands_{islas_malvinas}#$NA, NA% of GDP)
(defense_defense_note#falkland_islands_{islas_malvinas}#defense is the responsibility of the UK)
(header_affiliation#faroe_islands#{part of the Danish realm})
(geography_location#faroe_islands#Northern Europe, island group between the Norwegian Sea and the north Atlantic Ocean, about one-half of the way from Iceland to Norway)
(geography_geographic_coordinates#faroe_islands#62 00 N, 7 00 W)
(geography_map_references#faroe_islands#Europe)
(geography_area_total_area#faroe_islands#1,400 sq km)
(geography_area_land_area#faroe_islands#1,400 sq km)
(geography_area_comparative_area#faroe_islands#eight times the size of Washington, DC)
(geography_land_boundaries#faroe_islands#0 km)
(geography_coastline#faroe_islands#764 km)
(geography_maritime_claims_exclusive_fishing_zone#faroe_islands#200 nm)
(geography_maritime_claims_territorial_sea#faroe_islands#3 nm)
(geography_international_disputes#faroe_islands#none)
(geography_climate#faroe_islands#mild winters, cool summers; usually overcast; foggy, windy)
(geography_terrain#faroe_islands#rugged, rocky, some low peaks; cliffs along most of coast)
(geography_terrain_lowest_point#faroe_islands#Atlantic Ocean 0 m)
(geography_terrain_highest_point#faroe_islands#Slaettaratindur 882 m)
(geography_natural_resources#faroe_islands#fish)
(geography_land_use_arable_land#faroe_islands#2%)
(geography_land_use_permanent_crops#faroe_islands#0%)
(geography_land_use_meadows_and_pastures#faroe_islands#0%)
(geography_land_use_forest_and_woodland#faroe_islands#0%)
(geography_land_use_other#faroe_islands#98%)
(geography_irrigated_land#faroe_islands#NA sq km)
(geography_environment_current_issues#faroe_islands#NA)
(geography_environment_natural_hazards#faroe_islands#NA)
(geography_environment_international_agreements#faroe_islands#NA)
(geography_geographic_note#faroe_islands#archipelago of 18 inhabited islands and a few uninhabited islets; strategically located along important sea lanes in northeastern Atlantic; precipitous terrain limits habitation to small coastal lowlands)
(people_population#faroe_islands#43,857 {July 1996 est.})
(people_age_structure_0-14_years#faroe_islands#24% {male 5,461; female 5,280})
(people_age_structure_15-64_years#faroe_islands#62% {male 14,488; female 12,617})
(people_age_structure_65_years_and_over#faroe_islands#14% {male 2,661; female 3,350} {July 1996 est.})
(people_population_growth_rate#faroe_islands#-1.8% {1996 est.})
(people_birth_rate#faroe_islands#13.91 births/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_death_rate#faroe_islands#8.69 deaths/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_net_migration_rate#faroe_islands#-23.19 migrant{s}/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_sex_ratio_at_birth#faroe_islands#0.99 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_under_15_years#faroe_islands#1.03 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_15-64_years#faroe_islands#1.15 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_65_years_and_over#faroe_islands#0.79 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_all_ages#faroe_islands#1.06 male{s}/female {1996 est.})
(people_infant_mortality_rate#faroe_islands#7.2 deaths/1,000 live births {1996 est.})
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_total_population#faroe_islands#77.83 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_male#faroe_islands#74.75 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_female#faroe_islands#80.88 years {1996 est.})
(people_total_fertility_rate#faroe_islands#2.38 children born/woman {1996 est.})
(people_nationality_noun#faroe_islands#Faroese {singular and plural})
(people_nationality_adjective#faroe_islands#Faroese)
(people_ethnic_divisions#faroe_islands#Scandinavian)
(people_religions#faroe_islands#Evangelical Lutheran)
(people_languages#faroe_islands#Faroese {derived from Old Norse}, Danish)
(people_literacy#faroe_islands#NA)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_long_form#faroe_islands#none)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_short_form#faroe_islands#Faroe Islands)
(government_name_of_country_local_long_form#faroe_islands#none)
(government_name_of_country_local_short_form#faroe_islands#Foroyar)
(government_data_code#faroe_islands#FO)
(government_type_of_government#faroe_islands#part of the Danish realm; self-governing overseas administrative division of Denmark)
(government_capital#faroe_islands#Torshavn)
(government_administrative_divisions#faroe_islands#none {self-governing overseas administrative division of Denmark})
(government_independence#faroe_islands#none {part of the Danish realm; self-governing overseas administrative division of Denmark})
(government_national_holiday#faroe_islands#Birthday of the Queen, 16 April {1940})
(government_constitution#faroe_islands#5 June 1953 {Danish constitution})
(government_legal_system#faroe_islands#Danish)
(government_suffrage#faroe_islands#18 years of age; universal)
(government_executive_branch_chief_of_state#faroe_islands#Queen MARGRETHE II {of Denmark since 14 January 1972}, who is a constitutional monarch, is represented by High Commissioner Bent KLINTE, chief administrative officer {since NA})
(government_executive_branch_head_of_government#faroe_islands#Prime Minister Edmund JOENSEN {since 15 September 1994} was elected by the Logting)
(government_executive_branch_cabinet#faroe_islands#Landsstyri was elected by the Logting)
(government_legislative_branch#faroe_islands#unicameral)
(government_faroese_parliament_{logting}#faroe_islands#elections last held 8 July 1994 {next to be held by July 1998}; results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - {32 total} Liberal Party 8, People's Party 6, Social Democrats 5, Republicans 4, Workers' Party 3, Christian Democrats 2, Center Party 2, Home Rule Party 2)
(government_danish_parliament#faroe_islands#elections last held on 21 September 1994 {next to be held by September 1998}; results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - {2 total} Liberals 2)
(government_judicial_branch#faroe_islands#none)
(government_political_parties_and_leaders#faroe_islands#Social Democratic Party, Marita PETERSEN; Workers Front, Oli JACOBSEN; Home Rule Party, Helena Dam A NEYSTABO; The "Coalition Party," Edmund JOENSEN; Republican Party, Finnbogi ISAKSON; Centrist Party, Tordur NICLASEN; Christian People's Party, Niels Pauli DANIELSEN; People's Party, Arnfinn KALLSBERG; Liberal Party, Jorgen ESTRUP; Christian Democratic Party)
(government_international_organization_participation#faroe_islands#none)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us#faroe_islands#none {self-governing overseas administrative division of Denmark})
(government_us_diplomatic_representation#faroe_islands#none {self-governing overseas administrative division of Denmark})
(government_flag#faroe_islands#white with a red cross outlined in blue that extends to the edges of the flag; the vertical part of the cross is shifted to the hoist side in the style of the Dannebrog {Danish flag})
(economy_economic_overview#faroe_islands#The Faroese economy is experiencing a moderate upturn after several years of decline brought on by over-fishing and declining fish prices, large budget deficits by the Faroese Home Rule Government {FHRG}, plummeting property values, and a bail-out merger of the two largest Faroese banks. Near-term forecasts suggest continued economic recovery, and oil finds close to the Faroese area may lay the basis for an eventual economic rebound. Aided by a substantial annual subsidy from Denmark, the Faroese have enjoyed a standard of living comparable to the Danes and other Scandinavians.)
(economy_gdp#faroe_islands#purchasing power parity - $733 million {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_real_growth_rate#faroe_islands#NA%)
(economy_gdp_per_capita#faroe_islands#$15,000 {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_agriculture#faroe_islands#NA%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_industry#faroe_islands#NA%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_services#faroe_islands#NA%)
(economy_inflation_rate_{consumer_prices}#faroe_islands#6.8% {1993 est.})
(economy_labor_force#faroe_islands#17,585)
(economy_labor_force_by_occupation#faroe_islands#largely engaged in fishing, manufacturing, transportation, and commerce)
(economy_unemployment_rate#faroe_islands#23% {1993})
(economy_budget_revenues#faroe_islands#$407.2 million)
(economy_budget_expenditures#faroe_islands#$482.7 million, including capital expenditures of $NA {1993 est.})
(economy_industries#faroe_islands#fishing, shipbuilding, handicrafts)
(economy_industrial_production_growth_rate#faroe_islands#NA%)
(economy_electricity_capacity#faroe_islands#90,000 kW)
(economy_electricity_production#faroe_islands#200 million kWh)
(economy_electricity_consumption_per_capita#faroe_islands#3,953 kWh {1992})
(economy_agriculture#faroe_islands#potatoes, vegetables; sheep; annual fish catch about 360,000 metric tons)
(economy_exports#faroe_islands#$345.3 million {f.o.b., 1993 est.})
(economy_exports_commodities#faroe_islands#fish and fish products 88%, animal feedstuffs, transport equipment {ships} {1989})
(economy_exports_partners#faroe_islands#Denmark 20%, Germany 18.3%, UK 14.2%, France 11.2%, Spain 7.9%, US 4.5%)
(economy_imports#faroe_islands#$234.4 million {c.i.f., 1993 est.})
(economy_imports_commodities#faroe_islands#machinery and transport equipment 24.4%, manufactures 24%, food and livestock 19%, fuels 12%, chemicals 6.5%)
(economy_imports_partners#faroe_islands#Denmark 43.8%, Norway 19.8%, Sweden 4.9%, Germany 4.2%, US 1.3%)
(economy_external_debt#faroe_islands#$1.2 billion {1993 est.})
(economy_economic_aid_recipient#faroe_islands#ODA, $NA)
(economy_economic_aid_note#faroe_islands#receives an annual subsidy from Denmark of about $130 million)
(economy_currency#faroe_islands#1 Danish krone {DKr} = 100 oere)
(economy_exchange_rates#faroe_islands#Danish kroner {DKr} per US$1 - 5.652 {January 1996}, 5.602 {1995}, 6.361 {1994}, 6.484 {1993}, 6.036 {1992}, 6.396 {1991})
(economy_fiscal_year#faroe_islands#1 April - 31 March)
(transportation_railways#faroe_islands#0 km)
(transportation_highways_total#faroe_islands#443 km)
(transportation_highways_paved#faroe_islands#NA km)
(transportation_highways_unpaved#faroe_islands#NA km)
(transportation_ports#faroe_islands#Klaksvick, Torshavn, Tvoroyri)
(transportation_merchant_marine_total#faroe_islands#7 ships {1,000 GRT or over} totaling 19,879 GRT/18,444 DWT)
(transportation_merchant_marine_ships_by_type#faroe_islands#cargo 5, roll-on/roll-off cargo 1, short-sea passenger 1 {1995 est.})
(transportation_airports_total#faroe_islands#1)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_914_to_1,523_m#faroe_islands#1 {1995 est.})
(communications_telephones#faroe_islands#27,900 {1984 est.})
(communications_telephone_system#faroe_islands#good international communications; fair domestic facilities)
(communications_telephone_system_domestic#faroe_islands#NA)
(communications_telephone_system_international#faroe_islands#3 coaxial submarine cables)
(communications_radio_broadcast_stations#faroe_islands#AM 1, FM 3 {repeaters 10}, shortwave 0)
(communications_radios#faroe_islands#24,000 {1992 est.})
(communications_television_broadcast_stations#faroe_islands#3 {repeaters 29})
(communications_televisions#faroe_islands#14,000 {1992 est.})
(defense_branches#faroe_islands#no organized native military forces; only a small Police Force and Coast Guard are maintained)
(defense_defense_expenditures#faroe_islands#$NA, NA% of GDP)
(defense_defense_note#faroe_islands#defense is the responsibility of Denmark)
(geography_location#fiji#Oceania, island group in the South Pacific Ocean, about two-thirds of the way from Hawaii to New Zealand)
(geography_geographic_coordinates#fiji#18 00 S, 175 00 E)
(geography_map_references#fiji#Oceania)
(geography_area_total_area#fiji#18,270 sq km)
(geography_area_land_area#fiji#18,270 sq km)
(geography_area_comparative_area#fiji#slightly smaller than New Jersey)
(geography_land_boundaries#fiji#0 km)
(geography_coastline#fiji#1,129 km)
(geography_maritime_claims#fiji#measured from claimed archipelagic baselines)
(geography_maritime_claims_continental_shelf#fiji#200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation; rectilinear shelf claim added)
(geography_maritime_claims_exclusive_economic_zone#fiji#200 nm)
(geography_maritime_claims_territorial_sea#fiji#12 nm)
(geography_international_disputes#fiji#none)
(geography_climate#fiji#tropical marine; only slight seasonal temperature variation)
(geography_terrain#fiji#mostly mountains of volcanic origin)
(geography_terrain_lowest_point#fiji#Pacific Ocean 0 m)
(geography_terrain_highest_point#fiji#Tomanivi 1,324 m)
(geography_natural_resources#fiji#timber, fish, gold, copper, offshore oil potential)
(geography_land_use_arable_land#fiji#8%)
(geography_land_use_permanent_crops#fiji#5%)
(geography_land_use_meadows_and_pastures#fiji#3%)
(geography_land_use_forest_and_woodland#fiji#65%)
(geography_land_use_other#fiji#19%)
(geography_irrigated_land#fiji#10 sq km {1989 est.})
(geography_environment_current_issues#fiji#deforestation; soil erosion)
(geography_environment_natural_hazards#fiji#cyclonic storms can occur from November to January)
(geography_environment_international_agreements#fiji#party to - Biodiversity, Climate Change, Law of the Sea, Marine Life Conservation, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Whaling)
(geography_geographic_note#fiji#includes 332 islands of which approximately 110 are inhabited)
(people_population#fiji#782,381 {July 1996 est.})
(people_age_structure_0-14_years#fiji#35% {male 141,652; female 135,829})
(people_age_structure_15-64_years#fiji#62% {male 240,621; female 240,620})
(people_age_structure_65_years_and_over#fiji#3% {male 11,235; female 12,424} {July 1996 est.})
(people_population_growth_rate#fiji#1.28% {1996 est.})
(people_birth_rate#fiji#23.37 births/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_death_rate#fiji#6.35 deaths/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_net_migration_rate#fiji#-4.22 migrant{s}/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_sex_ratio_at_birth#fiji#1.05 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_under_15_years#fiji#1.04 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_15-64_years#fiji#1 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_65_years_and_over#fiji#0.9 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_all_ages#fiji#1.01 male{s}/female {1996 est.})
(people_infant_mortality_rate#fiji#17.4 deaths/1,000 live births {1996 est.})
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_total_population#fiji#65.71 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_male#fiji#63.39 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_female#fiji#68.14 years {1996 est.})
(people_total_fertility_rate#fiji#2.83 children born/woman {1996 est.})
(people_nationality_noun#fiji#Fijian{s})
(people_nationality_adjective#fiji#Fijian)
(people_ethnic_divisions#fiji#Fijian 49%, Indian 46%, European, other Pacific Islanders, overseas Chinese, and other 5%)
(people_religions#fiji#Christian 52% {Methodist 37%, Roman Catholic 9%}, Hindu 38%, Muslim 8%, other 2%)
(people_religions_note#fiji#Fijians are mainly Christian, Indians are Hindu, and there is a Muslim minority {1986})
(people_languages#fiji#English {official}, Fijian, Hindustani)
(people_literacy#fiji#age 15 and over can read and write {1995 est.})
(people_literacy_total_population#fiji#91.6%)
(people_literacy_male#fiji#93.8%)
(people_literacy_female#fiji#89.3%)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_long_form#fiji#Republic of Fiji)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_short_form#fiji#Fiji)
(government_data_code#fiji#FJ)
(government_type_of_government#fiji#republic)
(government_type_of_government_note#fiji#military coup leader Maj. Gen. Sitiveni RABUKA formally declared Fiji a republic on 6 October 1987)
(government_capital#fiji#Suva)
(government_administrative_divisions#fiji#4 divisions and 1 dependency*; Central, Eastern, Northern, Rotuma*, Western)
(government_independence#fiji#10 October 1970 {from UK})
(government_national_holiday#fiji#Independence Day, 10 October {1970})
(government_constitution#fiji#10 October 1970 {suspended 1 October 1987}; a new Constitution was proposed on 23 September 1988 and promulgated on 25 July 1990; the 1990 Constitution is under review; the review is scheduled to be complete by 1997)
(government_legal_system#fiji#based on British system)
(government_suffrage#fiji#21 years of age; universal)
(government_executive_branch_chief_of_state#fiji#President Ratu Sir Kamisese MARA {Acting President since 15 December 1993, President since 12 January 1994} was appointed for a five-year term by the Great Council of Chiefs; First Vice President Ratu Sir Josaia TAIVAIQIA {since 12 January 1994}; Second Vice President Ratu Inoke TAKIVEIKATA {since 12 January 1994})
(government_executive_branch_head_of_government#fiji#Prime Minister Sitiveni RABUKA {since 2 June 1992} was appointed by the president; Deputy Prime Minister Timoci VESIKULA {since NA})
(government_presidential_council#fiji#advises the president on matters of national importance)
(government_great_council_of_chiefs#fiji#highest ranking members of the traditional chiefly system)
(government_great_council_of_chiefs_cabinet#fiji#Cabinet was appointed by the prime minister from among the members of Parliament and is responsible to Parliament)
(government_legislative_branch#fiji#bicameral Parliament)
(government_senate#fiji#nonelective body, members are appointed by the president and serve five-year terms; seats - {34 total, 24 reserved for ethnic Fijians, 9 for Indians and others, and 1 for the island of Rotuma})
(government_house_of_representatives#fiji#members serve five-year terms; elections last held 18-25 February 1994 {next to be held NA 1999}; results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - {70 total, with ethnic Fijians allocated 37 seats, ethnic Indians 27 seats, and independents and other 6 seats} SVT 31, NFP 20, FLP 7, FAP 5, GVP 4, independents 2, ANC 1)
(government_judicial_branch#fiji#Supreme Court)
(government_political_parties_and_leaders#fiji#Fijian Political Party {SVT - primarily Fijian}, leader Maj. Gen. Sitivini RABUKA; National Federation Party {NFP; primarily Indian}, Jai Ram REDDY; Fijian Nationalist Party {FNP}, Sakeasi BUTADROKA; Fiji Labor Party {FLP}, Mahendra CHAUDHRY; General Voters Party {GVP}, Leo SMITH; Fiji Conservative Party {FCP}, leader NA; Conservative Party of Fiji {CPF}, leader NA; Fiji Indian Liberal Party, leader NA; Fiji Indian Congress Party, leader NA; Fiji Independent Labor {Muslim}, leader NA; Four Corners Party, leader NA; Fijian Association Party {FAP}, Josevata KAMIKAMICA; General Electors' Association, leader NA)
(government_political_parties_and_leaders_note#fiji#in early 1995, ethnic Fijian members of the All National Congress {ANC} merged with the Fijian Association {FA}; the remaining members of the ANC have renamed their party the General Electors' Association)
(government_international_organization_participation#fiji#ACP, AsDB, CP, ESCAP, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, ITU, PCA, Sparteca, SPC, SPF, UN, UNAMIR, UNAVEM III, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNIFIL, UNIKOM, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTrO)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_chief_of_mission#fiji#Ambassador Pita Kewa NACUVA)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_chancery#fiji#Suite 240, 2233 Wisconsin Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20007)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_telephone#fiji#[1] {202} 337-8320)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_fax#fiji#[1] {202} 337-1996)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_consulate{s}#fiji#New York)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_chief_of_mission#fiji#Ambassador Don Lee GEVIRTZ)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_embassy#fiji#31 Loftus Street, Suva)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_mailing_address#fiji#P. O. Box 218, Suva)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_telephone#fiji#[679] 314466)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_fax#fiji#[679] 300081)
(government_flag#fiji#light blue with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side quadrant and the Fijian shield centered on the outer half of the flag; the shield depicts a yellow lion above a white field quartered by the cross of Saint George featuring stalks of sugarcane, a palm tree, bananas, and a white dove)
(economy_economic_overview#fiji#Fiji, richly endowed with forest, mineral, and fish resources, is one of the most developed of the Pacific island economies, though still with a large subsistence sector. Sugar exports and tourism are the major sources of foreign exchange. Industry contributes 17% to GDP; sugar processing makes up one-third of industrial activity. Roughly 250,000 tourists visit each year. Political uncertainty and drought, however, contribute to substantial fluctuations in earnings from tourism and sugar and to the emigration of skilled workers. In 1992, growth was approximately 3%, based on growth in tourism and a lessening of labor-management disputes in the sugar and gold-mining sectors. In 1993, the government's budgeted growth rate of 3% was not achieved because of a decline in non-sugar agricultural output and damage from Cyclone Kina. Growth in 1994 of 5% was largely attributable to increased tourism and expansion in the manufacturing sector.)
(economy_gdp#fiji#purchasing power parity - $4.7 billion {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_real_growth_rate#fiji#2.2% {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_per_capita#fiji#$6,100 {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_agriculture#fiji#22%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_industry#fiji#17%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_services#fiji#61% {1994})
(economy_inflation_rate_{consumer_prices}#fiji#2% {1995})
(economy_labor_force#fiji#235,000)
(economy_labor_force_by_occupation#fiji#subsistence agriculture 67%, wage earners 18%, salary earners 15% {1987})
(economy_unemployment_rate#fiji#5.4% {1992})
(economy_budget_revenues#fiji#$495.6 million)
(economy_budget_expenditures#fiji#$591.2 million, including capital expenditures of $NA {1995 est.})
(economy_industries#fiji#sugar, tourism, copra, gold, silver, clothing, lumber, small cottage industries)
(economy_industrial_production_growth_rate#fiji#0% {1993 est.})
(economy_electricity_capacity#fiji#200,000 kW)
(economy_electricity_production#fiji#480 million kWh)
(economy_electricity_consumption_per_capita#fiji#581 kWh {1993})
(economy_agriculture#fiji#sugarcane, coconuts, cassava {tapioca}, rice, sweet potatoes, bananas; cattle, pigs, horses, goats; fish catch nearly 33,000 tons {1989})
(economy_exports#fiji#$571.8 million {f.o.b., 1995})
(economy_exports_commodities#fiji#sugar 40%, clothing, gold, processed fish, lumber)
(economy_exports_partners#fiji#EC 26%, Australia 15%, Pacific Islands 11%, Japan 6%)
(economy_imports#fiji#$864.3 million {c.i.f., 1995})
(economy_imports_commodities#fiji#machinery and transport equipment, petroleum products, food, consumer goods, chemicals)
(economy_imports_partners#fiji#Australia 30%, NZ 17%, Japan 13%, EC 6%, US 6%)
(economy_external_debt#fiji#$670 million {1994 est.})
(economy_economic_aid_recipient#fiji#ODA, $NA)
(economy_currency#fiji#1 Fijian dollar {F$} = 100 cents)
(economy_exchange_rates#fiji#Fijian dollars {F$} per US$1 - 1.4347 {January 1996}, 1.4063 {1995}, 1.4641 {1994}, 1.5418 {1993}, 1.5030 {1992}, 1.4756 {1991})
(economy_fiscal_year#fiji#calendar year)
(transportation_railways_total#fiji#597 km; note - belongs to the government-owned Fiji Sugar Corporation)
(transportation_railways_narrow_gauge#fiji#597 km 0.610-m gauge {1995})
(transportation_highways_total#fiji#4,800 km)
(transportation_highways_paved#fiji#NA km)
(transportation_highways_unpaved#fiji#NA km)
(transportation_waterways#fiji#203 km; 122 km navigable by motorized craft and 200-metric-ton barges)
(transportation_ports#fiji#Labasa, Lautoka, Levuka, Savusavu, Suva)
(transportation_merchant_marine_total#fiji#5 ships {1,000 GRT or over} totaling 16,267 GRT/17,884 DWT)
(transportation_merchant_marine_ships_by_type#fiji#chemical tanker 2, oil tanker 1, roll-on/roll-off cargo 2 {1995 est.})
(transportation_airports_total#fiji#21)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_over_3,047_m#fiji#1)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_1,524_to_2,437_m#fiji#1)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_914_to_1,523_m#fiji#1)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_under_914_m#fiji#15)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_914_to_1,523_m#fiji#3 {1995 est.})
(communications_telephones#fiji#60,017 {1987 est.})
(communications_telephone_system#fiji#modern local, interisland, and international {wire/radio integrated} public and special-purpose telephone, telegraph, and teleprinter facilities; regional radio communications center)
(communications_telephone_system_domestic#fiji#NA)
(communications_telephone_system_international#fiji#access to important cable link between US and Canada and NZ and Australia; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat {Pacific Ocean})
(communications_radio_broadcast_stations#fiji#AM 7, FM 1, shortwave 0)
(communications_radios#fiji#NA)
(communications_television_broadcast_stations#fiji#0)
(communications_televisions#fiji#12,000 {1992 est.})
(defense_branches#fiji#Republic of Fiji Military Forces {RFMF; includes army, navy, and air elements})
(defense_manpower_availability_males_age_15-49#fiji#205,616)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_fit_for_military_service#fiji#113,339)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_reach_military_age_{18}_annually#fiji#8,746 {1996 est.})
(defense_defense_expenditures#fiji#exchange rate conversion - $28 million, 2.5% of GDP {1995})
(geography_location#finland#Northern Europe, bordering the Baltic Sea, Gulf of Bothnia, and Gulf of Finland, between Sweden and Russia)
(geography_geographic_coordinates#finland#64 00 N, 26 00 E)
(geography_map_references#finland#Europe)
(geography_area_total_area#finland#337,030 sq km)
(geography_area_land_area#finland#305,470 sq km)
(geography_area_comparative_area#finland#slightly smaller than Montana)
(geography_land_boundaries_total#finland#2,628 km)
(geography_land_boundaries_border_countries#finland#Norway 729 km, Sweden 586 km, Russia 1,313 km)
(geography_coastline#finland#1,126 km {excludes islands and coastal indentations})
(geography_maritime_claims_contiguous_zone#finland#6 nm)
(geography_maritime_claims_continental_shelf#finland#200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation)
(geography_maritime_claims_exclusive_fishing_zone#finland#12 nm)
(geography_maritime_claims_territorial_sea#finland#4 nm)
(geography_international_disputes#finland#none)
(geography_climate#finland#cold temperate; potentially subarctic, but comparatively mild because of moderating influence of the North Atlantic Current, Baltic Sea, and more than 60,000 lakes)
(geography_terrain#finland#mostly low, flat to rolling plains interspersed with lakes and low hills)
(geography_terrain_lowest_point#finland#Baltic Sea 0 m)
(geography_terrain_highest_point#finland#Haltiatunturi 1,328 m)
(geography_natural_resources#finland#timber, copper, zinc, iron ore, silver)
(geography_land_use_arable_land#finland#8%)
(geography_land_use_permanent_crops#finland#0%)
(geography_land_use_meadows_and_pastures#finland#0%)
(geography_land_use_forest_and_woodland#finland#76%)
(geography_land_use_other#finland#16%)
(geography_irrigated_land#finland#620 sq km {1989 est.})
(geography_environment_current_issues#finland#air pollution from manufacturing and power plants contributing to acid rain; water pollution from industrial wastes, agricultural chemicals; habitat loss threatens wildlife populations)
(geography_environment_natural_hazards#finland#NA)
(geography_environment_international_agreements#finland#party to - Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Sulphur 85, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Wetlands, Whaling; signed, but not ratified - Air Pollution-Sulphur 94, Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Desertification, Law of the Sea)
(geography_geographic_note#finland#long boundary with Russia; Helsinki is northernmost national capital on European continent; population concentrated on small southwestern coastal plain)
(people_population#finland#5,105,230 {July 1996 est.})
(people_age_structure_0-14_years#finland#19% {male 492,616; female 471,736})
(people_age_structure_15-64_years#finland#67% {male 1,725,113; female 1,687,974})
(people_age_structure_65_years_and_over#finland#14% {male 275,927; female 451,864} {July 1996 est.})
(people_population_growth_rate#finland#0.1% {1996 est.})
(people_birth_rate#finland#11.32 births/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_death_rate#finland#10.92 deaths/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_net_migration_rate#finland#0.58 migrant{s}/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_sex_ratio_at_birth#finland#1.04 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_under_15_years#finland#1.04 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_15-64_years#finland#1.02 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_65_years_and_over#finland#0.61 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_all_ages#finland#0.96 male{s}/female {1996 est.})
(people_infant_mortality_rate#finland#4.9 deaths/1,000 live births {1996 est.})
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_total_population#finland#75.47 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_male#finland#73.82 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_female#finland#77.18 years {1996 est.})
(people_total_fertility_rate#finland#1.68 children born/woman {1996 est.})
(people_nationality_noun#finland#Finn{s})
(people_nationality_adjective#finland#Finnish)
(people_ethnic_divisions#finland#Finn, Swede, Lapp, Gypsy, Tatar)
(people_religions#finland#Evangelical Lutheran 89%, Greek Orthodox 1%, none 9%, other 1%)
(people_languages#finland#Finnish 93.5% {official}, Swedish 6.3% {official}, small Lapp- and Russian-speaking minorities)
(people_literacy#finland#age 15 and over can read and write {1980 est.})
(people_literacy_total_population#finland#100%)
(people_literacy_male#finland#NA%)
(people_literacy_female#finland#NA%)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_long_form#finland#Republic of Finland)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_short_form#finland#Finland)
(government_name_of_country_local_long_form#finland#Suomen Tasavalta)
(government_name_of_country_local_short_form#finland#Suomi)
(government_data_code#finland#FI)
(government_type_of_government#finland#republic)
(government_capital#finland#Helsinki)
(government_administrative_divisions#finland#12 provinces {laanit, singular - laani}; Ahvenanmaa, Hame, Keski-Suomi, Kuopio, Kymi, Lappi, Mikkeli, Oulu, Pohjois-Karjala, Turku ja Pori, Uusimaa, Vaasa)
(government_independence#finland#6 December 1917 {from Soviet Union})
(government_national_holiday#finland#Independence Day, 6 December {1917})
(government_constitution#finland#17 July 1919)
(government_legal_system#finland#civil law system based on Swedish law; Supreme Court may request legislation interpreting or modifying laws; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations)
(government_suffrage#finland#18 years of age; universal)
(government_executive_branch_chief_of_state#finland#President Martti AHTISAARI {since 1 March 1994} was elected for a six-year term by popular vote; election last held 31 January-6 February 1994 {next to be held NA January 2000}; results - Martti AHTISAARI 54%, Elisabeth REHN 46%)
(government_executive_branch_head_of_government#finland#Prime Minister Paavo LIPPONEN {since 13 April 1995} and Deputy Prime Minister Sauli NIINISTO {since 13 April 1995} were appointed by the president)
(government_executive_branch_cabinet#finland#Council of State {Valtioneuvosto} was appointed by the president, responsible to Parliament)
(government_legislative_branch#finland#unicameral)
(government_parliament_{eduskunta}#finland#elections last held 19 March 1995 {next to be held NA March 1999}; results - Social Democratic Party 28.3%, Center Party 19.9%, National Coalition {Conservative} Party 17.9%, Leftist Alliance {Communist} 11.2%, Swedish People's Party 5.1%, Green League 6.5%, Ecology Party 0.3%, Rural 1.3%, Finnish Christian League 3.0%, Liberal People's Party 0.6%, Young Finns 2.8%; seats - {200 total} Social Democratic Party 63, Center Party 44, National Coalition {Conservative} Party 39, Leftist Alliance {Communist} 22, Swedish People's Party 11, Green League 9, Ecology Party 1, Rural 1, Finnish Christian League 7, Young Finns 2, Aaland Islands 1)
(government_judicial_branch#finland#Supreme Court {Korkein Oikeus}, judges appointed by the president)
(government_political_parties_and_leaders_government_coalition#finland#Social Democratic Party, Paavo LIPPONEN; National Coalition {conservative} Party, Sauli NIINISTO; Leftist Alliance {Communist} People's Democratic League and Democratic Alternative, Claes ANDERSSON; Swedish People's Party, {Johan} Ole NORRBACK; Green League, Pekka HAAVISTO)
(government_political_parties_and_leaders_other#finland#Center Party, Esko AHO; Finnish Christian League, Toimi KANKAANNIEMI; Rural Party, Raimo VISTBACKA; Liberal People's Party, Tuulikki UKKOLA; Greens Ecological Party {EPV}; Young Finns, Risto PENTTILAE)
(government_other_political_or_pressure_groups#finland#Finnish Communist Party-Unity, Yrjo HAKANEN; Constitutional Rightist Party; Finnish Pensioners Party; Communist Workers Party, Timo LAHDENMAKI)
(government_international_organization_participation#finland#AfDB, AG {observer}, AsDB, Australia Group, BIS, CBSS, CCC, CE, CERN, EBRD, ECE, EIB, ESA, EU, FAO, G- 9, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Inmarsat, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, MTCR, NACC, NAM {guest}, NC, NEA, NIB, NSG, OAS {observer}, OECD, OSCE, PCA, PFP, UN, UNCRO, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNFICYP, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIFIL, UNIKOM, UNMOGIP, UNPREDEP, UNPROFOR, UNTSO, UPU, WEU {observer}, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO, ZC)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_chief_of_mission#finland#Ambassador Jaakko LAAJAVA)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_chancery#finland#3301 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_telephone#finland#[1] {202} 298-5800)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_fax#finland#[1] {202} 298-6030)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_consulate{s}_general#finland#Los Angeles and New York)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_chief_of_mission#finland#Ambassador Derek N. SHEARER)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_embassy#finland#Itainen Puistotie 14A, FIN-00140, Helsinki)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_mailing_address#finland#APO AE 09723)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_telephone#finland#[358] {0} 171931)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_fax#finland#[358] {0} 174681)
(government_flag#finland#white with a blue cross that extends to the edges of the flag; the vertical part of the cross is shifted to the hoist side in the style of the Dannebrog {Danish flag})
(economy_economic_overview#finland#Finland has a highly industrialized, largely free-market economy, with per capita output equaling that of the UK, France and Italy. Its key economic sector is manufacturing - principally the wood, metals, and engineering industries. Trade is important, with the export of goods representing about 30% of GDP. Except for timber and several minerals, Finland depends on imports of raw materials, energy, and some components for manufactured goods. Because of the climate, agricultural development is limited to maintaining self-sufficiency in basic products. Forestry, an important export earner, provides a secondary occupation for the rural population. The economy, which experienced an average of 4.9% annual growth between 1987 and 1989, sank into deep recession in 1991 as GDP contracted by 6.5%. The recession - which continued in 1992 with GDP contracting by 4.1% - has been caused by economic overheating, depressed foreign markets, and the dismantling of the barter system between Finland and the former Soviet Union under which Soviet oil and gas had been exchanged for Finnish manufactured goods. The Finnish Government has proposed efforts to increase industrial competitiveness and efficiency by an increase in exports to Western markets, cuts in public expenditures, partial privatization of state enterprises, and changes in monetary policy. In June 1991 Helsinki had tied the markka to the European Union's {EU} European Currency Unit {ECU} to promote stability. Ongoing speculation resulting from a lack of confidence in the government's policies forced Helsinki to devalue the markka by about 12% in November 1991 and to indefinitely break the link in September 1992. The devaluations have boosted the competitiveness of Finnish exports. The recession bottomed out in 1993, and Finland participated in the general European upturn of 1994. Unemployment probably will remain a serious problem during the next few years; the majority of Finnish firms face a weak domestic market and the troubled German and Swedish export markets. The Finns voted in an October 1994 referendum to enter the EU, and Finland officially joined the Union on 1 January 1995. Increasing integration with Western Europe will dominate the economic picture over the next few years.)
(economy_gdp#finland#purchasing power parity - $92.4 billion {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_real_growth_rate#finland#5% {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_per_capita#finland#$18,200 {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_agriculture#finland#4.6%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_industry#finland#28%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_services#finland#67.4% {1994})
(economy_inflation_rate_{consumer_prices}#finland#2% {1995 est.})
(economy_labor_force#finland#2.533 million)
(economy_labor_force_by_occupation#finland#public services 30.4%, industry 20.9%, commerce 15.0%, finance, insurance, and business services 10.2%, agriculture and forestry 8.6%, transport and communications 7.7%, construction 7.2%)
(economy_unemployment_rate#finland#17% {1995})
(economy_budget_revenues#finland#$21.7 billion)
(economy_budget_expenditures#finland#$31.7 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA {1993 est.})
(economy_industries#finland#metal products, shipbuilding, pulp and paper, copper refining, foodstuffs, chemicals, textiles, clothing)
(economy_industrial_production_growth_rate#finland#5% {1993 est.})
(economy_electricity_capacity#finland#13,360,000 kW)
(economy_electricity_production#finland#58 billion kWh)
(economy_electricity_consumption_per_capita#finland#12,196 kWh {1993})
(economy_agriculture#finland#cereals, sugar beets, potatoes; dairy cattle; annual fish catch about 160,000 metric tons)
(economy_illicit_drugs#finland#transshipment point for Latin American cocaine for the West European market)
(economy_exports#finland#$29.7 billion {f.o.b., 1994})
(economy_exports_commodities#finland#paper and pulp, machinery, chemicals, metals, timber)
(economy_exports_partners#finland#EU 46.5% {Germany 13.4%, UK 10.3%}, Sweden 11%, US 7.2%, Japan 2.1%, FSU 8.6% {1994})
(economy_imports#finland#$23.2 billion {c.i.f., 1994})
(economy_imports_commodities#finland#foodstuffs, petroleum and petroleum products, chemicals, transport equipment, iron and steel, machinery, textile yarn and fabrics, fodder grains)
(economy_imports_partners#finland#EU 44% {Germany 15%, UK 8.3%}, Sweden 10.4%, US 7.6%, Japan 6.5%, FSU 10.3 {1994})
(economy_external_debt#finland#$30 billion {December 1993})
(economy_economic_aid_donor#finland#ODA, $355 million {1993})
(economy_currency#finland#1 markka {FMk} or Finmark = 100 pennia)
(economy_exchange_rates#finland#markkaa {FMk} per US$1 - 4.4425 {January 1996}, 4.3667 {1995}, 5.2235 {1994}, 5.7123 {1993}, 4.4794 {1992}, 4.0440 {1991})
(economy_fiscal_year#finland#calendar year)
(transportation_railways_total#finland#5,895 km)
(transportation_railways_broad_gauge#finland#5,895 km 1.524-m gauge {1,993 km electrified; 480 km double- or more-track} {1995})
(transportation_highways_total#finland#76,755 km)
(transportation_highways_paved#finland#47,588 km {including 318 km of expressways})
(transportation_highways_unpaved#finland#29,167 km {1992 est.})
(transportation_waterways#finland#6,675 km total {including Saimaa Canal}; 3,700 km suitable for steamers)
(transportation_pipelines#finland#natural gas 580 km)
(transportation_ports#finland#Hamina, Helsinki, Kokkola, Kotka, Loviisa, Oulu, Pori, Rauma, Turku, Uusikaupunki, Varkaus)
(transportation_merchant_marine_total#finland#92 ships {1,000 GRT or over} totaling 1,051,231 GRT/1,075,397 DWT)
(transportation_merchant_marine_ships_by_type#finland#bulk 8, cargo 20, chemical tanker 5, oil tanker 12, passenger 2, refrigerated cargo 1, roll-on/roll-off cargo 31, short-sea passenger 12, vehicle carrier 1 {1995 est.})
(transportation_airports_total#finland#157)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_over_3,047_m#finland#3)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_2,438_to_3,047_m#finland#23)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_1,524_to_2,437_m#finland#13)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_914_to_1,523_m#finland#21)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_under_914_m#finland#92)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_914_to_1,523_m#finland#5 {1995 est.})
(communications_telephones#finland#2.78 million {1986 est.})
(communications_telephone_system#finland#good service from cable and microwave radio relay network)
(communications_telephone_system_domestic#finland#cable and microwave radio relay)
(communications_telephone_system_international#finland#1 submarine cable; satellite earth stations - access to Intelsat transmission service via a Swedish satellite earth station, 1 Inmarsat {Atlantic and Indian Ocean Regions}; note - Finland shares the Inmarsat earth station with the other Nordic countries {Denmark, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden})
(communications_radio_broadcast_stations#finland#AM 6, FM 105, shortwave 0)
(communications_radios#finland#4.98 million {1991 est.})
(communications_television_broadcast_stations#finland#235)
(communications_televisions#finland#2.1 million {1983 est.})
(defense_branches#finland#Army, Navy, Air Force, Frontier Guard {includes Sea Guard})
(defense_manpower_availability_males_age_15-49#finland#1,307,128)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_fit_for_military_service#finland#1,074,540)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_reach_military_age_{17}_annually#finland#32,760 {1996 est.})
(defense_defense_expenditures#finland#exchange rate conversion - $1.9 billion, 1.6% of GDP {1995})
(geography_location#france#Western Europe, bordering the Bay of Biscay and English Channel, between Belgium and Spain southeast of the UK; bordering the Mediterranean Sea, between Italy and Spain)
(geography_geographic_coordinates#france#46 00 N, 2 00 E)
(geography_map_references#france#Europe)
(geography_area_total_area#france#547,030 sq km)
(geography_area_land_area#france#545,630 sq km)
(geography_area_comparative_area#france#slightly more than twice the size of Colorado)
(geography_area_note#france#includes only metropolitan France {which includes Corsica}, but excludes the overseas administrative divisions)
(geography_land_boundaries_total#france#2,892.4 km)
(geography_land_boundaries_border_countries#france#Andorra 60 km, Belgium 620 km, Germany 451 km, Italy 488 km, Luxembourg 73 km, Monaco 4.4 km, Spain 623 km, Switzerland 573 km)
(geography_coastline#france#3,427 km {mainland 2,783 km, Corsica 644 km})
(geography_maritime_claims_contiguous_zone#france#24 nm)
(geography_maritime_claims_continental_shelf#france#200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation)
(geography_maritime_claims_exclusive_economic_zone#france#200 nm)
(geography_maritime_claims_territorial_sea#france#12 nm)
(geography_international_disputes#france#Madagascar claims Bassas da India, Europa Island, Glorioso Islands, Juan de Nova Island, and Tromelin Island; Comoros claims Mayotte; Mauritius claims Tromelin Island; Seychelles claims Tromelin Island; Suriname claims part of French Guiana; Mexico claims Clipperton Island; territorial claim in Antarctica {Adelie Land}; Saint Pierre and Miquelon is focus of maritime boundary dispute between Canada and France; claims Matthew and Hunter Islands east of New Caledonia)
(geography_climate#france#generally cool winters and mild summers, but mild winters and hot summers along the Mediterranean)
(geography_terrain#france#mostly flat plains or gently rolling hills in north and west; remainder is mountainous, especially Pyrenees in south, Alps in east)
(geography_terrain_lowest_point#france#Rhone River delta -2 m)
(geography_terrain_highest_point#france#Mont Blanc 4,807 m)
(geography_natural_resources#france#coal, iron ore, bauxite, fish, timber, zinc, potash)
(geography_land_use_arable_land#france#32%)
(geography_land_use_permanent_crops#france#2%)
(geography_land_use_meadows_and_pastures#france#23%)
(geography_land_use_forest_and_woodland#france#27%)
(geography_land_use_other#france#16%)
(geography_land_use_note#france#includes Corsica)
(geography_irrigated_land#france#14,850 sq km {1993 est.}; note - includes Corsica)
(geography_environment_current_issues#france#some forest damage from acid rain; air pollution from industrial and vehicle emissions; water pollution from urban wastes, agricultural runoff)
(geography_environment_natural_hazards#france#flooding)
(geography_environment_international_agreements#france#party to - Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Sulphur 85, Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Wetlands, Whaling; signed, but not ratified - Air Pollution-Sulphur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Desertification, Law of the Sea)
(geography_geographic_note#france#largest West European nation; occasional strong, cold, dry, north-to-northwesterly wind known as mistral)
(people_population#france#58,317,450 {July 1996 est.})
(people_age_structure_0-14_years#france#19.04% {male 5,688,505; female 5,417,355})
(people_age_structure_15-64_years#france#65.62% {male 19,147,369; female 19,120,935})
(people_age_structure_65_years_and_over#france#15.34% {male 3,589,100; female 5,354,186} {July 1996 est.})
(people_population_growth_rate#france#0.34% {1996 est.})
(people_birth_rate#france#10.82 births/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_death_rate#france#9.27 deaths/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_net_migration_rate#france#1.88 migrant{s}/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_sex_ratio_at_birth#france#1.05 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_under_15_years#france#1.05 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_15-64_years#france#1 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_65_years_and_over#france#0.67 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_all_ages#france#0.95 male{s}/female {1996 est.})
(people_infant_mortality_rate#france#5.3 deaths/1,000 live births {1996 est.})
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_total_population#france#77.93 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_male#france#73.98 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_female#france#82.11 years {1996 est.})
(people_total_fertility_rate#france#1.49 children born/woman {1996 est.})
(people_nationality_noun#france#Frenchman{men}, Frenchwoman{women})
(people_nationality_adjective#france#French)
(people_ethnic_divisions#france#Celtic and Latin with Teutonic, Slavic, North African, Indochinese, Basque minorities)
(people_religions#france#Roman Catholic 90%, Protestant 2%, Jewish 1%, Muslim {North African workers} 1%, unaffiliated 6%)
(people_languages#france#French 100%, rapidly declining regional dialects and languages {Provencal, Breton, Alsatian, Corsican, Catalan, Basque, Flemish})
(people_literacy#france#age 15 and over can read and write {1980 est.})
(people_literacy_total_population#france#99%)
(people_literacy_male#france#NA%)
(people_literacy_female#france#NA%)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_long_form#france#French Republic)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_short_form#france#France)
(government_name_of_country_local_long_form#france#Republique Francaise)
(government_name_of_country_local_short_form#france#France)
(government_data_code#france#FR)
(government_type_of_government#france#republic)
(government_capital#france#Paris)
(government_administrative_divisions#france#22 regions {regions, singular - region}; Alsace, Aquitaine, Auvergne, Basse-Normandie, Bourgogne, Bretagne, Centre, Champagne-Ardenne, Corse, Franche-Comte, Haute-Normandie, Ile-de-France, Languedoc-Roussillon, Limousin, Lorraine, Midi-Pyrenees, Nord-Pas-de-Calais, Pays de la Loire, Picardie, Poitou-Charentes, Provence-Alpes-Cote d'Azur, Rhone-Alpes)
(government_administrative_divisions_note#france#metropolitan France is divided into 22 regions {including the "territorial collectivity" of Corse or Corsica} and are subdivided into 96 departments; see separate entries for the overseas departments {French Guiana, Guadeloupe, Martinique, Reunion} and the territorial collectivities {Mayotte, Saint Pierre and Miquelon})
(government_dependent_areas#france#Bassas da India, Clipperton Island, Europa Island, French Polynesia, French Southern and Antarctic Lands, Glorioso Islands, Juan de Nova Island, New Caledonia, Tromelin Island, Wallis and Futuna)
(government_dependent_areas_note#france#the US does not recognize claims to Antarctica)
(government_independence#france#486 {unified by Clovis})
(government_national_holiday#france#National Day, Taking of the Bastille, 14 July {1789})
(government_constitution#france#28 September 1958, amended concerning election of president in 1962, amended to comply with provisions of EC Maastricht Treaty in 1992; amended to tighten immigration laws 1993)
(government_legal_system#france#civil law system with indigenous concepts; review of administrative but not legislative acts)
(government_suffrage#france#18 years of age; universal)
(government_executive_branch_chief_of_state#france#President Jacques CHIRAC {since 17 May 1995} was elected for a seven-year term by direct universal suffrage; election last held 17 May 1995 {next to be held by May 2002}; results - Second Ballot Jacques CHIRAC 52.64%, Lionel JOSPIN 47.36%)
(government_executive_branch_head_of_government#france#Prime Minister Alain JUPPE {since 18 May 1995} was appointed by the president)
(government_executive_branch_cabinet#france#the Council of Ministers was appointed by the president on the suggestion of the prime minister)
(government_legislative_branch#france#bicameral Parliament {Parlement})
(government_senate_{senat}#france#elections last held 24 September 1995 {next to be held September 1998; nine-year term, elected by thirds every three years}; results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - {321 total; 296 metropolitan France, 13 for overseas departments and territories, and 12 for French nationals abroad} RPR 91, UDF 132, PS 75, PCF 16, other 7)
(government_national_assembly_{assemblee_nationale}#france#elections last held 21 and 28 March 1993 {next to be held NA 1998}; results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - {577 total} RPR 247, UDF 213, PS 67, PCF 24, independents 26; note - seating as of 24 September 1995: RPR 247, UDF 208, PS 71, PCF 24, independents 27)
(government_judicial_branch#france#Supreme Court of Appeals {Cour de Cassation}, judges are appointed by the president from nominations of the High Council of the Judiciary)
(government_political_parties_and_leaders#france#Rally for the Republic {RPR}, Alain JUPPE, president; Union for French Democracy {UDF - coalition of PR, FD, RAD, PSD}, Francois LEOTARD; Republican Party {PR}, Francois LEOTARD; Democratic Force {FD}, Francois BAYROU; Radical {RAD}, Andre ROSSINOT; Socialist Party {PS}, Lionel JOSPIN; Left Radical Movement {MRG}; Communist Party {PCF}, Robert HUE; National Front {FN}, Jean-Marie LE PEN; The Greens, Dominique VOYNET; Generation Ecology {GE}, Brice LALONDE; Citizens Movement {MDC}, Jean Pierre CHEVENEMENT)
(government_other_political_or_pressure_groups#france#Communist-controlled labor union {Confederation Generale du Travail - CGT} nearly 2.4 million members {claimed}; Socialist-leaning labor union {Confederation Francaise Democratique du Travail - CFDT} about 800,000 members {est.}; independent labor union {Force Ouvriere} 1 million members {est.}; independent white-collar union {Confederation Generale des Cadres} 340,000 members {claimed}; National Council of French Employers {Conseil National du Patronat Francais - CNPF or Patronat})
(government_international_organization_participation#france#ACCT, AfDB, AG {observer}, AsDB, Australia Group, BDEAC, BIS, CCC, CDB {non-regional}, CE, CERN, EBRD, ECA {associate}, ECE, ECLAC, EIB, ESA, ESCAP, EU, FAO, FZ, G- 5, G- 7, G-10, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Inmarsat, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, MINURSO, MTCR, NACC, NATO, NEA, NSG, OAS {observer}, OECD, OSCE, PCA, SPC, UN, UN Security Council, UNAVEM III, UNCRO, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIFIL, UNIKOM, UNITAR, UNMIH, UNOMIG, UNPREDEP, UNPROFOR, UNRWA, UNTSO, UNU, UPU, WCL, WEU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO, ZC)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_chief_of_mission#france#Ambassador Francois BUJON DE L'ESTANG)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_chancery#france#4101 Reservoir Road NW, Washington, DC 20007)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_telephone#france#[1] {202} 944-6000)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_consulate{s}_general#france#Atlanta, Boston, Chicago, Honolulu, Houston, Los Angeles, Miami, New Orleans, New York, San Francisco, and San Juan {Puerto Rico})
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_chief_of_mission#france#Ambassador Pamela C. HARRIMAN)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_embassy#france#2 Avenue Gabriel, 75382 Paris Cedex 08)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_mailing_address#france#PSC 116, APO AE 09777)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_telephone#france#[33] {1} 43-12-22-22)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_fax#france#[33] {1} 42 66 97 83)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_consulate{s}_general#france#Marseille, Strasbourg)
(government_flag#france#three equal vertical bands of blue {hoist side}, white, and red; known as the French Tricouleur {Tricolor}; the design and colors are similar to a number of other flags, including those of Belgium, Chad, Ireland, Cote d'Ivoire, and Luxembourg; the official flag for all French dependent areas)
(economy_economic_overview#france#One of the four West European trillion-dollar economies, the French economy features considerable - albeit diminishing - state control over its capitalistic market system. In running important industrial segments {railways, airlines, electricity, telecommunications}, administrating an exceptionally generous social welfare system, and staffing an enormous bureaucracy, the state spends about 55% of GDP. France has substantial agricultural resources and a diversified modern industrial sector. Large tracts of fertile land, the application of modern technology, and subsidies have combined to make it the leading agricultural producer in Western Europe. Largely self-sufficient in agricultural products, France is a major exporter of wheat and dairy products. The industrial sector generates about one-quarter of GDP, and the growing services sector has become crucial to the economy. Following stagnation and recession in 1991-93, French GDP expanded 2.4% in 1994 and in 1995. Persistently high unemployment still poses a major problem for the government, as will the need to cut back on welfare benefits and bureaucratic budgets. Paris remains committed to maintaining the franc-deutsche mark parity, which has kept French interest rates high at the expense of jobs. Although the pace of economic and financial integration within the European Union has slowed down, integration will remain a major force in France, shaping the fortunes of the various economic sectors over the next few years.)
(economy_gdp#france#purchasing power parity - $1.173 trillion {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_real_growth_rate#france#2.4% {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_per_capita#france#$20,200 {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_agriculture#france#2.4%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_industry#france#26.5%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_services#france#71.1% {1994})
(economy_inflation_rate_{consumer_prices}#france#1.7% {1995})
(economy_labor_force#france#24.17 million)
(economy_labor_force_by_occupation#france#services 61.5%, industry 31.3%, agriculture 7.2% {1987})
(economy_labor_force_note#france#includes Corsica)
(economy_unemployment_rate#france#11.7% {yearend 1995})
(economy_budget_revenues#france#$220.5 billion)
(economy_budget_expenditures#france#$249.1 billion, including capital expenditures of $47 billion {1993 budget})
(economy_industries#france#steel, machinery, chemicals, automobiles, metallurgy, aircraft, electronics, mining, textiles, food processing, tourism)
(economy_industrial_production_growth_rate#france#2.6% {1994 est.})
(economy_electricity_capacity#france#105,250,000 kW)
(economy_electricity_production#france#447 billion kWh)
(economy_electricity_consumption_per_capita#france#6,149 kWh {1993})
(economy_agriculture#france#wheat, cereals, sugar beets, potatoes, wine grapes; beef, dairy products; fish catch of 850,000 metric tons ranks among world's top 20 countries and is all used domestically)
(economy_illicit_drugs#france#transshipment point for South American cocaine and Southwest Asian heroin)
(economy_exports#france#$235.5 billion {f.o.b., 1994})
(economy_exports_commodities#france#machinery and transportation equipment, chemicals, foodstuffs, agricultural products, iron and steel products, textiles and clothing)
(economy_exports_partners#france#Germany 17.1%, Italy 9.3%, Spain 7.1%, Belgium-Luxembourg 8.7%, UK 9.9%, Netherlands 4.6%, US 7.0%, Japan 2.0%, Russia 0.5%)
(economy_imports#france#$229.3 billion {c.i.f., 1994})
(economy_imports_commodities#france#crude oil, machinery and equipment, agricultural products, chemicals, iron and steel products)
(economy_imports_partners#france#Germany 17.8%, Italy 10.1%, US 8.5%, Netherlands 4.9%, Spain 8.8%, Belgium-Luxembourg 9.1%, UK 7.9%, Japan 3.7%, Russia 1.2%)
(economy_external_debt#france#$300 billion {1993 est.})
(economy_economic_aid_donor#france#ODA, $7.915 billion {1993})
(economy_currency#france#1 French franc {F} = 100 centimes)
(economy_exchange_rates#france#French francs {F} per US$1 - 5.0056 {January 1996}, 4.9915 {1995}, 5.5520 {1994}, 5.6632 {1993}, 5.2938 {1992}, 5.6421 {1991})
(economy_fiscal_year#france#calendar year)
(transportation_railways_total#france#33,891 km)
(transportation_railways_standard_gauge#france#33,524 km 1.435-m gauge; 32,275 km are operated by French National Railways {SNCF}; 13,741 km of SNCF routes are electrified and 12,132 km are double- or multiple-tracked)
(transportation_railways_narrow_gauge#france#367 km 1.000-m gauge)
(transportation_railways_note#france#includes Corsica; does not include 33 tourist railroads, totalling 469 km, many being of very narrow gauge {1995})
(transportation_highways_total#france#1,511,200 km)
(transportation_highways_paved#france#811,200 km {including 7,700 km of expressways})
(transportation_highways_unpaved#france#700,000 km {1992 est.})
(transportation_highways_note#france#includes Corsica)
(transportation_waterways#france#14,932 km; 6,969 km heavily traveled)
(transportation_pipelines#france#crude oil 3,059 km; petroleum products 4,487 km; natural gas 24,746 km)
(transportation_ports#france#Bordeaux, Boulogne, Cherbourg, Dijon, Dunkerque, La Pallice, Le Havre, Lyon, Marseille, Mullhouse, Nantes, Paris, Rouen, Saint Nazaire, Saint Malo, Strasbourg)
(transportation_merchant_marine_total#france#55 ships {1,000 GRT or over} totaling 1,203,086 GRT/1,779,263 DWT)
(transportation_merchant_marine_ships_by_type#france#bulk 6, cargo 5, chemical tanker 5, container 7, liquefied gas tanker 3, oil tanker 16, passenger 1, roll-on/roll-off cargo 6, short-sea passenger 5, specialized tanker 1)
(transportation_merchant_marine_note#france#France also maintains a captive register for French-owned ships in the Kerguelen Islands {French Southern and Antarctic Lands} {1995 est.})
(transportation_airports_total#france#460)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_over_3,047_m#france#13)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_2,438_to_3,047_m#france#26)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_1,524_to_2,437_m#france#91)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_914_to_1,523_m#france#73)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_under_914_m#france#179)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_1,524_to_2,437_m#france#3)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_914_to_1,523_m#france#75 {1995 est.})
(transportation_airports_note#france#includes Corsica)
(transportation_heliports#france#3 {1995 est.})
(communications_telephones#france#35 million {1987 est.})
(communications_telephone_system#france#highly developed)
(communications_telephone_system_domestic#france#extensive cable and microwave radio relay; extensive introduction of fiber-optic cable; domestic satellite system)
(communications_telephone_system_international#france#satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat {with total of 5 antennas - 2 for Indian Ocean and 3 for Atlantic Ocean}, NA Eutelsat, 1 Inmarsat {Atlantic Ocean Region}; HF radiotelephone communications with more than 20 countries)
(communications_radio_broadcast_stations#france#AM 41, FM 800 {mostly repeaters}, shortwave 0)
(communications_radios#france#49 million {1993 est.})
(communications_television_broadcast_stations#france#846 {mostly repeaters})
(communications_television_broadcast_stations_note#france#Eutelsat receive-only TV service)
(communications_televisions#france#29.3 million {1993 est.})
(defense_branches#france#Army, Navy {includes Naval Air}, Air Force and Air Defense, National Gendarmerie)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_age_15-49#france#14,782,577)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_fit_for_military_service#france#12,299,651)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_reach_military_age_{18}_annually#france#383,252 {1996 est.})
(defense_defense_expenditures#france#exchange rate conversion - $47.7 billion, 2.5% of GDP {1995})
(header_affiliation#french_guiana#{overseas department of France})
(geography_location#french_guiana#Northern South America, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean, between Brazil and Suriname)
(geography_geographic_coordinates#french_guiana#4 00 N, 53 00 W)
(geography_map_references#french_guiana#South America)
(geography_area_total_area#french_guiana#91,000 sq km)
(geography_area_land_area#french_guiana#89,150 sq km)
(geography_area_comparative_area#french_guiana#slightly smaller than Indiana)
(geography_land_boundaries_total#french_guiana#1,183 km)
(geography_land_boundaries_border_countries#french_guiana#Brazil 673 km, Suriname 510 km)
(geography_coastline#french_guiana#378 km)
(geography_maritime_claims_exclusive_economic_zone#french_guiana#200 nm)
(geography_maritime_claims_territorial_sea#french_guiana#12 nm)
(geography_international_disputes#french_guiana#Suriname claims area between Riviere Litani and Riviere Marouini {both headwaters of the Lawa})
(geography_climate#french_guiana#tropical; hot, humid; little seasonal temperature variation)
(geography_terrain#french_guiana#low-lying coastal plains rising to hills and small mountains)
(geography_terrain_lowest_point#french_guiana#Atlantic Ocean 0 m)
(geography_terrain_highest_point#french_guiana#Bellevue de l'Inini 851 m)
(geography_natural_resources#french_guiana#bauxite, timber, gold {widely scattered}, cinnabar, kaolin, fish)
(geography_land_use_arable_land#french_guiana#NEGL%)
(geography_land_use_permanent_crops#french_guiana#NEGL%)
(geography_land_use_meadows_and_pastures#french_guiana#NEGL%)
(geography_land_use_forest_and_woodland#french_guiana#88%)
(geography_land_use_other#french_guiana#12% {1992})
(geography_irrigated_land#french_guiana#NA sq km)
(geography_environment_current_issues#french_guiana#NA)
(geography_environment_natural_hazards#french_guiana#high frequency of heavy showers and severe thunderstorms; flooding)
(geography_environment_international_agreements#french_guiana#NA)
(geography_geographic_note#french_guiana#mostly an unsettled wilderness)
(people_population#french_guiana#151,187 {July 1996 est.})
(people_age_structure_0-14_years#french_guiana#32% {male 24,447; female 23,378})
(people_age_structure_15-64_years#french_guiana#63% {male 52,061; female 43,726})
(people_age_structure_65_years_and_over#french_guiana#5% {male 3,784; female 3,791} {July 1996 est.})
(people_population_growth_rate#french_guiana#3.86% {1996 est.})
(people_birth_rate#french_guiana#24.68 births/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_death_rate#french_guiana#4.59 deaths/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_net_migration_rate#french_guiana#18.52 migrant{s}/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_sex_ratio_at_birth#french_guiana#1.05 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_under_15_years#french_guiana#1.05 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_15-64_years#french_guiana#1.19 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_65_years_and_over#french_guiana#1 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_all_ages#french_guiana#1.13 male{s}/female {1996 est.})
(people_infant_mortality_rate#french_guiana#14.6 deaths/1,000 live births {1996 est.})
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_total_population#french_guiana#75.79 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_male#french_guiana#72.55 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_female#french_guiana#79.19 years {1996 est.})
(people_total_fertility_rate#french_guiana#3.42 children born/woman {1996 est.})
(people_nationality_noun#french_guiana#French Guianese {singular and plural})
(people_nationality_adjective#french_guiana#French Guianese)
(people_ethnic_divisions#french_guiana#black or mulatto 66%, white 12%, East Indian, Chinese, Amerindian 12%, other 10%)
(people_religions#french_guiana#Roman Catholic)
(people_languages#french_guiana#French)
(people_literacy#french_guiana#age 15 and over can read and write {1982 est.})
(people_literacy_total_population#french_guiana#83%)
(people_literacy_male#french_guiana#84%)
(people_literacy_female#french_guiana#82%)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_long_form#french_guiana#Department of Guiana)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_short_form#french_guiana#French Guiana)
(government_name_of_country_local_long_form#french_guiana#none)
(government_name_of_country_local_short_form#french_guiana#Guyane)
(government_data_code#french_guiana#FG)
(government_type_of_government#french_guiana#overseas department of France)
(government_capital#french_guiana#Cayenne)
(government_administrative_divisions#french_guiana#none {overseas department of France})
(government_independence#french_guiana#none {overseas department of France})
(government_national_holiday#french_guiana#National Day, Taking of the Bastille, 14 July {1789})
(government_constitution#french_guiana#28 September 1958 {French Constitution})
(government_legal_system#french_guiana#French legal system)
(government_suffrage#french_guiana#18 years of age; universal)
(government_executive_branch_chief_of_state#french_guiana#President {of France} Jacques CHIRAC {since 17 May 1995}; represented by Prefect Pierre DARTOUT who was appointed by the French Ministry of Interior)
(government_executive_branch_head_of_government#french_guiana#President of the General Council Stephan PHINERA-HORTH {since March 1994})
(government_legislative_branch#french_guiana#unicameral General Council and a unicameral Regional Council)
(government_general_council#french_guiana#elections last held NA March 1994 {next to be held NA}; results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - {19 total} PSG 8, RPR 2, UDF 1, other right 1, other 7)
(government_regional_council#french_guiana#elections last held 22 March 1992 {next to be held NA}; results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - {31 total} PSG 16, FDG 10, RPR 2, independents 3)
(government_french_senate#french_guiana#elections last held 24 September 1989 {next to be held September 1998}; results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - {1 total} PSG 1)
(government_french_national_assembly#french_guiana#elections last held 21 and 28 March 1993 {next to be held NA 1998}; results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - {2 total} RPR 1, independent 1)
(government_judicial_branch#french_guiana#Court of Appeals {highest local court based in Martinique with jurisdiction over Martinique, Guadeloupe, and French Guiana})
(government_political_parties_and_leaders#french_guiana#Guianese Socialist Party {PSG}, Raymond TRACY; Conservative Union for the Republic {UPR}, Leon BERTRAND; Rally for the Center Right {URC}; Rally for the Republic {RPR}; Guyana Democratic Front {FDG}, Georges OTHILY; Walwari Committee, Christine TAUBIRA-DELANON; Socialist Party {PS}, Jean BART; Union for French Democracy {UDF}, R. CHOW-CHINE)
(government_international_organization_participation#french_guiana#FZ, WCL, WFTU)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us#french_guiana#none {overseas department of France})
(government_us_diplomatic_representation#french_guiana#none {overseas department of France})
(government_flag#french_guiana#the flag of France is used)
(economy_economic_overview#french_guiana#The economy is tied closely to that of France through subsidies and imports. Besides the French space center at Kourou, fishing and forestry are the most important economic activities, with exports of fish and fish products {mostly shrimp} accounting for more than 60% of total revenue in 1992. The large reserves of tropical hardwoods, not fully exploited, support an expanding sawmill industry that provides sawn logs for export. Cultivation of crops is limited to the coastal area, where the population is largely concentrated. French Guiana is heavily dependent on imports of food and energy. Unemployment is a serious problem, particularly among younger workers.)
(economy_gdp#french_guiana#purchasing power parity - $800 million {1993 est.})
(economy_gdp_real_growth_rate#french_guiana#NA%)
(economy_gdp_per_capita#french_guiana#$6,000 {1993 est.})
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_agriculture#french_guiana#NA%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_industry#french_guiana#NA%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_services#french_guiana#NA%)
(economy_inflation_rate_{consumer_prices}#french_guiana#2.5% {1992})
(economy_labor_force#french_guiana#36,597 {1993})
(economy_labor_force_by_occupation#french_guiana#services, government, and commerce 60.6%, industry 21.2%, agriculture 18.2% {1980})
(economy_unemployment_rate#french_guiana#24.1% {1993 est.})
(economy_budget_revenues#french_guiana#$133 million)
(economy_budget_expenditures#french_guiana#$284 million, including capital expenditures of $NA {1992 est.})
(economy_industries#french_guiana#construction, shrimp processing, forestry products, rum, gold mining)
(economy_industrial_production_growth_rate#french_guiana#NA%)
(economy_electricity_capacity#french_guiana#180,000 kW)
(economy_electricity_production#french_guiana#450 million kWh)
(economy_electricity_consumption_per_capita#french_guiana#3,149 kWh {1993})
(economy_agriculture#french_guiana#rice, corn, manioc, cocoa, vegetables, bananas, sugar; cattle, pigs, poultry)
(economy_illicit_drugs#french_guiana#small amount of marijuana grown for local consumption; minor transshipment point to Europe)
(economy_exports#french_guiana#$110 million {f.o.b., 1993})
(economy_exports_commodities#french_guiana#shrimp, timber, rum, rosewood essence)
(economy_exports_partners#french_guiana#France 52%, Spain 15%, US 5% {1992})
(economy_imports#french_guiana#$719 million {c.i.f., 1992})
(economy_imports_commodities#french_guiana#food {grains, processed meat}, other consumer goods, producer goods, petroleum)
(economy_imports_partners#french_guiana#France 77%, Germany 11%, US 5% {1992})
(economy_external_debt#french_guiana#$1.2 billion {1988})
(economy_economic_aid_recipient#french_guiana#ODA, $NA)
(economy_currency#french_guiana#1 French franc {F} = 100 centimes)
(economy_exchange_rates#french_guiana#French francs {F} per US$1 - 5.0056 {January 1996}, 4.9915 {1995}, 5.5520 {1994}, 5.6632 {1993}, 5.2938 {1992}, 5.6421 {1991})
(economy_fiscal_year#french_guiana#calendar year)
(transportation_railways#french_guiana#0 km {1995})
(transportation_highways_total#french_guiana#1,817 km {national 432 km, departmental 385 km, community 1,000 km})
(transportation_highways_paved#french_guiana#727 km)
(transportation_highways_unpaved#french_guiana#1,090 km {1995 est.})
(transportation_waterways#french_guiana#460 km, navigable by small oceangoing vessels and river and coastal steamers; 3,300 km navigable by native craft)
(transportation_ports#french_guiana#Cayenne, Degrad des Cannes, Saint-Laurent du Maroni)
(transportation_merchant_marine#french_guiana#none)
(transportation_airports_total#french_guiana#10)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_over_3,047_m#french_guiana#1)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_914_to_1,523_m#french_guiana#2)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_under_914_m#french_guiana#4)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_914_to_1,523_m#french_guiana#3 {1995 est.})
(communications_telephones#french_guiana#31,000 {1990 est.})
(communications_telephone_system_domestic#french_guiana#fair open wire and microwave radio relay system)
(communications_telephone_system_international#french_guiana#satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat {Atlantic Ocean})
(communications_radio_broadcast_stations#french_guiana#AM 5, FM 7, shortwave 0)
(communications_radios#french_guiana#79,000 {1992 est.})
(communications_television_broadcast_stations#french_guiana#9)
(communications_televisions#french_guiana#22,000 {1992 est.})
(defense_branches#french_guiana#French Forces, Gendarmerie)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_age_15-49#french_guiana#43,412)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_fit_for_military_service#french_guiana#28,171 {1996 est.})
(defense_defense_expenditures#french_guiana#$NA, NA% of GDP)
(defense_defense_note#french_guiana#defense is the responsibility of France)
(header_affiliation#french_polynesia#{overseas territory of France})
(geography_location#french_polynesia#Oceania, archipelago in the South Pacific Ocean, about one-half of the way from South America to Australia)
(geography_geographic_coordinates#french_polynesia#15 00 S, 140 00 W)
(geography_map_references#french_polynesia#Oceania)
(geography_area_total_area#french_polynesia#4,167 sq km {118 islands and atolls})
(geography_area_land_area#french_polynesia#3,660 sq km)
(geography_area_comparative_area#french_polynesia#slightly less than one-third the size of Connecticut)
(geography_land_boundaries#french_polynesia#0 km)
(geography_coastline#french_polynesia#2,525 km)
(geography_maritime_claims_exclusive_economic_zone#french_polynesia#200 nm)
(geography_maritime_claims_territorial_sea#french_polynesia#12 nm)
(geography_international_disputes#french_polynesia#none)
(geography_climate#french_polynesia#tropical, but moderate)
(geography_terrain#french_polynesia#mixture of rugged high islands and low islands with reefs)
(geography_terrain_lowest_point#french_polynesia#Pacific Ocean 0 m)
(geography_terrain_highest_point#french_polynesia#Mount Orohena 2,241 m)
(geography_natural_resources#french_polynesia#timber, fish, cobalt)
(geography_land_use_arable_land#french_polynesia#1%)
(geography_land_use_permanent_crops#french_polynesia#19%)
(geography_land_use_meadows_and_pastures#french_polynesia#5%)
(geography_land_use_forest_and_woodland#french_polynesia#31%)
(geography_land_use_other#french_polynesia#44%)
(geography_irrigated_land#french_polynesia#NA sq km)
(geography_environment_current_issues#french_polynesia#NA)
(geography_environment_natural_hazards#french_polynesia#occasional cyclonic storms in January)
(geography_environment_international_agreements#french_polynesia#NA)
(geography_geographic_note#french_polynesia#includes five archipelagoes; Makatea in French Polynesia is one of the three great phosphate rock islands in the Pacific Ocean - the others are Banaba {Ocean Island} in Kiribati and Nauru)
(people_population#french_polynesia#224,911 {July 1996 est.})
(people_age_structure_0-14_years#french_polynesia#35% {male 40,450; female 39,038})
(people_age_structure_15-64_years#french_polynesia#61% {male 70,506; female 65,620})
(people_age_structure_65_years_and_over#french_polynesia#4% {male 4,636; female 4,661} {July 1996 est.})
(people_population_growth_rate#french_polynesia#2.19% {1996 est.})
(people_birth_rate#french_polynesia#27.15 births/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_death_rate#french_polynesia#5.27 deaths/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_net_migration_rate#french_polynesia#0 migrant{s}/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_sex_ratio_at_birth#french_polynesia#1.05 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_under_15_years#french_polynesia#1.04 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_15-64_years#french_polynesia#1.07 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_65_years_and_over#french_polynesia#1 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_all_ages#french_polynesia#1.06 male{s}/female {1996 est.})
(people_infant_mortality_rate#french_polynesia#14.4 deaths/1,000 live births {1996 est.})
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_total_population#french_polynesia#70.94 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_male#french_polynesia#68.49 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_female#french_polynesia#73.5 years {1996 est.})
(people_total_fertility_rate#french_polynesia#3.26 children born/woman {1996 est.})
(people_nationality_noun#french_polynesia#French Polynesian{s})
(people_nationality_adjective#french_polynesia#French Polynesian)
(people_ethnic_divisions#french_polynesia#Polynesian 78%, Chinese 12%, local French 6%, metropolitan French 4%)
(people_religions#french_polynesia#Protestant 54%, Roman Catholic 30%, other 16%)
(people_languages#french_polynesia#French {official}, Tahitian {official})
(people_literacy#french_polynesia#age 14 and over can read and write, but definition of literacy not available {1977 est.})
(people_literacy_total_population#french_polynesia#98%)
(people_literacy_male#french_polynesia#98%)
(people_literacy_female#french_polynesia#98%)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_long_form#french_polynesia#Territory of French Polynesia)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_short_form#french_polynesia#French Polynesia)
(government_name_of_country_local_long_form#french_polynesia#Territoire de la Polynesie Francaise)
(government_name_of_country_local_short_form#french_polynesia#Polynesie Francaise)
(government_data_code#french_polynesia#FP)
(government_type_of_government#french_polynesia#overseas territory of France since 1946)
(government_capital#french_polynesia#Papeete)
(government_administrative_divisions#french_polynesia#none {overseas territory of France}; there are no first-order administrative divisions as defined by the US Government, but there are 5 archipelagic divisions named Archipel des Marquises, Archipel des Tuamotu, Archipel des Tubuai, Iles du Vent, and Iles Sous-le-Vent)
(government_administrative_divisions_note#french_polynesia#Clipperton Island is administered by France from French Polynesia)
(government_independence#french_polynesia#none {overseas territory of France})
(government_national_holiday#french_polynesia#National Day, Taking of the Bastille, 14 July {1789})
(government_constitution#french_polynesia#28 September 1958 {French Constitution})
(government_legal_system#french_polynesia#based on French system)
(government_suffrage#french_polynesia#18 years of age; universal)
(government_executive_branch_chief_of_state#french_polynesia#President {of France} Jacques CHIRAC {since 17 May 1995}; represented by High Commissioner of the Republic Paul RONCIERE {since 8 August 1994} who was appointed by the French Ministry of Interior)
(government_executive_branch_head_of_government#french_polynesia#President of the Territorial Government of French Polynesia Gaston FLOSSE {since 4 April 1991}; President of the Territorial Assembly Tinomana EBB {since NA})
(government_executive_branch_cabinet#french_polynesia#Council of Ministers; president submits a list of members of the Territorial Assembly for approval by them to serve as ministers)
(government_legislative_branch#french_polynesia#unicameral)
(government_territorial_assembly#french_polynesia#elections last held 17 March 1991 {next to be held NA March 1996}; results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - {41 total} People's Rally for the Republic {Gaullist} 18, Polynesian Union Party 12, New Fatherland Party 7, other 4)
(government_french_senate#french_polynesia#elections last held 24 September 1989 {next to be held NA September 1998}; results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - {1 total} party NA)
(government_french_national_assembly#french_polynesia#elections last held 21 and 28 March 1993 {next to be held NA March 1998}; results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - {2 total} People's Rally for the Republic {Gaullist} 2)
(government_judicial_branch#french_polynesia#Court of Appeal; Court of the First Instance; Court of Administrative Law)
(government_political_parties_and_leaders#french_polynesia#People's Rally for the Republic {Tahoeraa Huiraatira}, Gaston FLOSSE; Polynesian Union Party {includes Te Tiarama and Here Ai'a Party}, Jean JUVENTIN; New Fatherland Party {Ai'a Api}, Emile VERNAUDON; Independent Party {Ia Mana Te Nunaa}, Jacques DROLLET; Te Aratia Ote Nunaa, Tinomana EBB; Haere i Mua, Alexandre LEONTIEFF; other small parties)
(government_international_organization_participation#french_polynesia#ESCAP {associate}, FZ, ICFTU, SPC, WMO)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us#french_polynesia#none {overseas territory of France})
(government_us_diplomatic_representation#french_polynesia#none {overseas territory of France})
(government_flag#french_polynesia#two narrow red horizontal bands encase a wide white band; centered on the white band is a disk with blue and white wave pattern on the lower half and gold and white ray pattern on the upper half; a stylized red, blue and white ship rides on the wave pattern; the French flag is used for official occasions)
(economy_economic_overview#french_polynesia#Since 1962, when France stationed military personnel in the region, French Polynesia has changed from a subsistence economy to one in which a high proportion of the work force is either employed by the military or supports the tourist industry. Tourism accounts for about 20% of GDP and is a primary source of hard currency earnings. The territory will continue to benefit from a five-year {1994-98} development agreement with France aimed principally at creating new jobs.)
(economy_gdp#french_polynesia#purchasing power parity - $1.76 billion {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_real_growth_rate#french_polynesia#NA%)
(economy_gdp_per_capita#french_polynesia#$8,000 {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_agriculture#french_polynesia#4%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_industry#french_polynesia#18%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_services#french_polynesia#78% {1992 est.})
(economy_inflation_rate_{consumer_prices}#french_polynesia#1.5% {1994})
(economy_labor_force#french_polynesia#76,630 employed {1988})
(economy_labor_force_by_occupation#french_polynesia#agriculture 13%, industry 19%, services 68% {1992 est.})
(economy_unemployment_rate#french_polynesia#NA%)
(economy_budget_revenues#french_polynesia#$686 million)
(economy_budget_expenditures#french_polynesia#$884 million, including capital expenditures of $NA {1989})
(economy_industries#french_polynesia#tourism, pearls, agricultural processing, handicrafts)
(economy_industrial_production_growth_rate#french_polynesia#NA%)
(economy_electricity_capacity#french_polynesia#75,000 kW)
(economy_electricity_production#french_polynesia#334 million kWh)
(economy_electricity_consumption_per_capita#french_polynesia#1,189 kWh {1994})
(economy_agriculture#french_polynesia#coconuts, vanilla, vegetables, fruits; poultry, beef, dairy products)
(economy_exports#french_polynesia#$230 million {f.o.b., 1994})
(economy_exports_commodities#french_polynesia#cultured pearls 41.6%, coconut products, mother-of-pearl, vanilla, shark meat {1992})
(economy_exports_partners#french_polynesia#France 34%, US 10% {1992})
(economy_imports#french_polynesia#$912 million {c.i.f., 1994})
(economy_imports_commodities#french_polynesia#fuels, foodstuffs, equipment)
(economy_imports_partners#french_polynesia#ECE 64% {France 45.4%}, US 13.6%, Australia 6.9%, NZ 5.8%, Japan 5% {1992})
(economy_external_debt#french_polynesia#$NA)
(economy_economic_aid_recipient#french_polynesia#ODA, $NA)
(economy_currency#french_polynesia#1 CFP franc {CFPF} = 100 centimes)
(economy_exchange_rates#french_polynesia#Comptoirs Francais du Pacifique francs {CFPF} per US$1 - 91.00 {January 1996}, 90.75 {1995}, 100.94 {1994}, 102.96 {1993}, 96.24 {1992}, 102.57 {1991}; note - linked at the rate of 18.18 to the French franc)
(economy_fiscal_year#french_polynesia#calendar year)
(transportation_railways#french_polynesia#0 km)
(transportation_highways_total#french_polynesia#792 km)
(transportation_highways_paved#french_polynesia#792 km {1995 est.})
(transportation_ports#french_polynesia#Mataura, Papeete, Rikitea, Uturoa)
(transportation_merchant_marine_total#french_polynesia#3 ships {1,000 GRT or over} totaling 4,127 GRT/6,710 DWT)
(transportation_merchant_marine_ships_by_type#french_polynesia#passenger-cargo 2, refrigerated cargo 1 {1995 est.})
(transportation_airports_total#french_polynesia#41)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_over_3,047_m#french_polynesia#2)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_1,524_to_2,437_m#french_polynesia#5)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_914_to_1,523_m#french_polynesia#13)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_under_914_m#french_polynesia#15)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_914_to_1,523_m#french_polynesia#6 {1995 est.})
(communications_telephones#french_polynesia#33,200 {1983 est.})
(communications_telephone_system_domestic#french_polynesia#NA)
(communications_telephone_system_international#french_polynesia#satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat {Pacific Ocean})
(communications_radio_broadcast_stations#french_polynesia#AM 5, FM 2, shortwave 0)
(communications_radios#french_polynesia#116,000 {1992 est.})
(communications_television_broadcast_stations#french_polynesia#6)
(communications_televisions#french_polynesia#35,000 {1992 est.})
(defense_branches#french_polynesia#French Forces {includes Army, Navy, Air Force}, Gendarmerie)
(defense_defense_note#french_polynesia#defense is the responsibility of France)
(header_affiliation#french_southern_and_antarctic_lands#{overseas territory of France})
(geography_location#french_southern_and_antarctic_lands#Southern Africa, islands in the southern Indian Ocean, about equidistant between Africa, Antarctica, and Australia; note - French Southern and Antarctic Lands includes Ile Amsterdam, Ile Saint-Paul, Iles Crozet, and Iles Kerguelen in the southern Indian Ocean, along with the French-claimed sector of Antarctica, "Adelie Land"; the US does not recognize the French claim to "Adelie Land")
(geography_geographic_coordinates#french_southern_and_antarctic_lands#43 00 S, 67 00 E)
(geography_map_references#french_southern_and_antarctic_lands#Antarctic Region)
(geography_area_total_area#french_southern_and_antarctic_lands#7,781 sq km)
(geography_area_land_area#french_southern_and_antarctic_lands#7,781 sq km)
(geography_area_comparative_area#french_southern_and_antarctic_lands#slightly less than 1.5 times the size of Delaware)
(geography_area_note#french_southern_and_antarctic_lands#includes Ile Amsterdam, Ile Saint-Paul, Iles Crozet and Iles Kerguelen; excludes "Adelie Land" claim of about 500,000 sq km in Antarctica that is not recognized by the US)
(geography_land_boundaries#french_southern_and_antarctic_lands#0 km)
(geography_coastline#french_southern_and_antarctic_lands#1,232 km)
(geography_maritime_claims_exclusive_economic_zone#french_southern_and_antarctic_lands#200 nm from Iles Kerguelen only)
(geography_maritime_claims_territorial_sea#french_southern_and_antarctic_lands#12 nm)
(geography_international_disputes#french_southern_and_antarctic_lands#"Adelie Land" claim in Antarctica is not recognized by the US)
(geography_climate#french_southern_and_antarctic_lands#antarctic)
(geography_terrain#french_southern_and_antarctic_lands#volcanic)
(geography_terrain_lowest_point#french_southern_and_antarctic_lands#Indian Ocean 0 m)
(geography_terrain_highest_point#french_southern_and_antarctic_lands#Mont Ross on Kerguelen 1,850 m)
(geography_natural_resources#french_southern_and_antarctic_lands#fish, crayfish)
(geography_land_use_arable_land#french_southern_and_antarctic_lands#0%)
(geography_land_use_permanent_crops#french_southern_and_antarctic_lands#0%)
(geography_land_use_meadows_and_pastures#french_southern_and_antarctic_lands#0%)
(geography_land_use_forest_and_woodland#french_southern_and_antarctic_lands#0%)
(geography_land_use_other#french_southern_and_antarctic_lands#100%)
(geography_irrigated_land#french_southern_and_antarctic_lands#0 sq km)
(geography_environment_current_issues#french_southern_and_antarctic_lands#NA)
(geography_environment_natural_hazards#french_southern_and_antarctic_lands#Ile Amsterdam and Ile Saint-Paul are extinct volcanoes)
(geography_environment_international_agreements#french_southern_and_antarctic_lands#NA)
(geography_geographic_note#french_southern_and_antarctic_lands#remote location in the southern Indian Ocean)
(people_population#french_southern_and_antarctic_lands#no indigenous inhabitants; note - there were 145 {1995} mostly researchers whose numbers vary from winter {July} to summer {January})
(government_name_of_country_conventional_long_form#french_southern_and_antarctic_lands#Territory of the French Southern and Antarctic Lands)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_short_form#french_southern_and_antarctic_lands#French Southern and Antarctic Lands)
(government_name_of_country_local_long_form#french_southern_and_antarctic_lands#Territoire des Terres Australes et Antarctiques Francaises)
(government_name_of_country_local_short_form#french_southern_and_antarctic_lands#Terres Australes et Antarctiques Francaises)
(government_data_code#french_southern_and_antarctic_lands#FS)
(government_type_of_government#french_southern_and_antarctic_lands#overseas territory of France since 1955; governed by High Administrator Christian DORS {since 4 December 1991})
(government_capital#french_southern_and_antarctic_lands#none; administered from Paris, France)
(government_administrative_divisions#french_southern_and_antarctic_lands#none {overseas territory of France}; there are no first-order administrative divisions as defined by the US Government, but there are 3 districts named Ile Crozet, Iles Kerguelen, and Iles Saint-Paul et Amsterdam; excludes "Adelie Land" claim in Antarctica that is not recognized by the US)
(government_independence#french_southern_and_antarctic_lands#none {overseas territory of France})
(government_flag#french_southern_and_antarctic_lands#the flag of France is used)
(economy_economic_overview#french_southern_and_antarctic_lands#Economic activity is limited to servicing meteorological and geophysical research stations and French and other fishing fleets. The fish catches landed on Iles Kerguelen by foreign ships are exported to France and Reunion.)
(economy_budget_revenues#french_southern_and_antarctic_lands#$22.6 million)
(economy_budget_expenditures#french_southern_and_antarctic_lands#$NA, including capital expenditures of $NA {1995})
(transportation_ports#french_southern_and_antarctic_lands#none; offshore anchorage only)
(transportation_merchant_marine_total#french_southern_and_antarctic_lands#66 ships {1,000 GRT or over} totaling 2,133,942 GRT/3,617,863 DWT)
(transportation_merchant_marine_ships_by_type#french_southern_and_antarctic_lands#bulk 2, cargo 6, chemical tanker 7, container 10, liquefied gas tanker 4, multifunction large-load carrier 1, oil tanker 18, refrigerated cargo 4, roll-on/roll-off cargo 13, specialized tanker 1)
(transportation_merchant_marine_note#french_southern_and_antarctic_lands#a subset of the French register allowing French-owned ships to operate under more liberal taxation and manning regulations than permissable under the main French register {1995 est.})
(transportation_airports#french_southern_and_antarctic_lands#none {1994 est.})
(communications_telephones#french_southern_and_antarctic_lands#NA)
(communications_telephone_system_domestic#french_southern_and_antarctic_lands#NA)
(communications_telephone_system_international#french_southern_and_antarctic_lands#NA)
(communications_radio_broadcast_stations#french_southern_and_antarctic_lands#AM NA, FM NA, shortwave NA)
(communications_radios#french_southern_and_antarctic_lands#NA)
(communications_television_broadcast_stations#french_southern_and_antarctic_lands#NA)
(communications_televisions#french_southern_and_antarctic_lands#NA)
(defense_defense_note#french_southern_and_antarctic_lands#defense is the responsibility of France)
(geography_location#gabon#Western Africa, bordering the Atlantic Ocean at the Equator, between Congo and Equatorial Guinea)
(geography_geographic_coordinates#gabon#1 00 S, 11 45 E)
(geography_map_references#gabon#Africa)
(geography_area_total_area#gabon#267,670 sq km)
(geography_area_land_area#gabon#257,670 sq km)
(geography_area_comparative_area#gabon#slightly smaller than Colorado)
(geography_land_boundaries_total#gabon#2,551 km)
(geography_land_boundaries_border_countries#gabon#Cameroon 298 km, Congo 1,903 km, Equatorial Guinea 350 km)
(geography_coastline#gabon#885 km)
(geography_maritime_claims_contiguous_zone#gabon#24 nm)
(geography_maritime_claims_exclusive_economic_zone#gabon#200 nm)
(geography_maritime_claims_territorial_sea#gabon#12 nm)
(geography_international_disputes#gabon#maritime boundary dispute with Equatorial Guinea because of disputed sovereignty over islands in Corisco Bay)
(geography_climate#gabon#tropical; always hot, humid)
(geography_terrain#gabon#narrow coastal plain; hilly interior; savanna in east and south)
(geography_terrain_lowest_point#gabon#Atlantic Ocean 0 m)
(geography_terrain_highest_point#gabon#Mont Iboundji 1,575 m)
(geography_natural_resources#gabon#petroleum, manganese, uranium, gold, timber, iron ore)
(geography_land_use_arable_land#gabon#1%)
(geography_land_use_permanent_crops#gabon#1%)
(geography_land_use_meadows_and_pastures#gabon#18%)
(geography_land_use_forest_and_woodland#gabon#78%)
(geography_land_use_other#gabon#2%)
(geography_irrigated_land#gabon#NA sq km)
(geography_environment_current_issues#gabon#deforestation; poaching)
(geography_environment_natural_hazards#gabon#NA)
(geography_environment_international_agreements#gabon#party to - Endangered Species, Marine Dumping, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Wetlands; signed, but not ratified - Biodiversity, Climate Change, Law of the Sea, Tropical Timber 94)
(people_population#gabon#1,172,798 {July 1996 est.})
(people_age_structure_0-14_years#gabon#34% {male 197,188; female 196,562})
(people_age_structure_15-64_years#gabon#61% {male 364,033; female 353,451})
(people_age_structure_65_years_and_over#gabon#5% {male 30,270; female 31,294} {July 1996 est.})
(people_population_growth_rate#gabon#1.47% {1996 est.})
(people_birth_rate#gabon#28.22 births/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_death_rate#gabon#13.56 deaths/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_net_migration_rate#gabon#0 migrant{s}/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_sex_ratio_at_birth#gabon#1.03 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_under_15_years#gabon#1 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_15-64_years#gabon#1.03 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_65_years_and_over#gabon#0.97 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_all_ages#gabon#1.02 male{s}/female {1996 est.})
(people_infant_mortality_rate#gabon#90.1 deaths/1,000 live births {1996 est.})
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_total_population#gabon#55.59 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_male#gabon#52.72 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_female#gabon#58.56 years {1996 est.})
(people_total_fertility_rate#gabon#3.89 children born/woman {1996 est.})
(people_nationality_noun#gabon#Gabonese {singular and plural})
(people_nationality_adjective#gabon#Gabonese)
(people_ethnic_divisions#gabon#Bantu tribes including four major tribal groupings {Fang, Eshira, Bapounou, Bateke}, other Africans and Europeans 100,000, including 27,000 French)
(people_religions#gabon#Christian 55%-75%, Muslim less than 1%, animist)
(people_languages#gabon#French {official}, Fang, Myene, Bateke, Bapounou/Eschira, Bandjabi)
(people_literacy#gabon#age 15 and over can read and write {1995 est.})
(people_literacy_total_population#gabon#63.2%)
(people_literacy_male#gabon#73.7%)
(people_literacy_female#gabon#53.3%)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_long_form#gabon#Gabonese Republic)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_short_form#gabon#Gabon)
(government_name_of_country_local_long_form#gabon#Republique Gabonaise)
(government_name_of_country_local_short_form#gabon#Gabon)
(government_data_code#gabon#GB)
(government_type_of_government#gabon#republic; multiparty presidential regime {opposition parties legalized 1990})
(government_capital#gabon#Libreville)
(government_administrative_divisions#gabon#9 provinces; Estuaire, Haut-Ogooue, Moyen-Ogooue, Ngounie, Nyanga, Ogooue-Ivindo, Ogooue-Lolo, Ogooue-Maritime, Woleu-Ntem)
(government_independence#gabon#17 August 1960 {from France})
(government_national_holiday#gabon#Renovation Day, 12 March {1968} {Gabonese Democratic Party established})
(government_constitution#gabon#adopted 14 March 1991)
(government_legal_system#gabon#based on French civil law system and customary law; judicial review of legislative acts in Constitutional Chamber of the Supreme Court; compulsory ICJ jurisdiction not accepted)
(government_suffrage#gabon#21 years of age; universal)
(government_executive_branch_chief_of_state#gabon#President El Hadj Omar BONGO {since 2 December 1967} was elected for a five-year term by universal suffrage on 5 December 1993 {next election to be held 1998}; results - President Omar BONGO received 51% of the vote)
(government_executive_branch_head_of_government#gabon#Prime Minister Paulin OBAME Nguema {since 9 December 1994} was appointed by the president)
(government_executive_branch_cabinet#gabon#Council of Ministers was appointed by the prime minister in consultation with the president)
(government_legislative_branch#gabon#unicameral; note - the provision of the constitution for the establishment of a senate has not been implemented)
(government_national_assembly_{assemblee_nationale}#gabon#elections last held on 5 December 1993 {next to be held by July 1996, according to the October 1994 Paris Accords; however, President BONGO has indicated that date might slip}; results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - {120 total} PDG 64, National Recovery Movement - Lumberjacks {Morena-Bucherons/RNB} 17, PGP 12, National Recovery Movement {Morena-Original} 2, PUP 4, CLR 1, FAR 4, UPG 1, independents 15)
(government_judicial_branch#gabon#Supreme Court {Cour Supreme})
(government_political_parties_and_leaders#gabon#Gabonese Democratic Party {PDG, former sole party}, Simplice Guedet MANZELA, secretary general; Circle of Liberal Reformers {CLR}, General Jean Boniface ASSELE; People's Unity Party {PUP}, Louis Gaston MAYILA; Gabonese Socialist Union {USG}, Dr. Serge Mba BEKALE; National Recovery Movement - Lumberjacks {Morena-Bucherons/RNB}, Fr. Paul M'BA-ABESSOLE; Gabonese Party for Progress {PGP}, Pierre-Louis AGONDHO-OKAWE, president; National Recovery Movement {Morena-Origina}, note - this party won 2 seats in the 5 December 1993 elections for the National Assembly but is no longer very active; Gabonese Party for Progress {PGP}, Pierre Louis AGONDJO OKAWE; African Forum for Reconstruction {FAR}, Leon MBOU-YEMBI, secretary general; Gabonese People's Union {UPG}, Pierre MAMBOUNDOU)
(government_international_organization_participation#gabon#ACCT, ACP, AfDB, BDEAC, CCC, CEEAC, ECA, FAO, FZ, G-24, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, ILO, IMF, IMO, Inmarsat, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, ITU, NAM, OAU, OIC, OPEC, UDEAC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCL, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_chief_of_mission#gabon#Ambassador Paul BOUNDOUKOU-LATHA)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_chancery#gabon#Suite 200, 2034 20th Street NW, Washington, DC 20009)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_telephone#gabon#[1] {202} 797-1000)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_fax#gabon#[1] {202} 332-0668)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_chief_of_mission#gabon#Ambassador Elizabeth RASPOLIC)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_embassy#gabon#Boulevard de la Mer, Libreville)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_mailing_address#gabon#B. P. 4000, Libreville)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_telephone#gabon#[241] 76 20 03 through 76 20 04, 74 34 92)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_fax#gabon#[241] 74 55 07)
(government_flag#gabon#three equal horizontal bands of green {top}, yellow, and blue)
(economy_economic_overview#gabon#Notwithstanding its serious ongoing economic problems, Gabon enjoys a per capita income more than three times that of most nations of sub-Saharan Africa. Gabon depended on timber and manganese until oil was discovered offshore in the early 1970s. The oil sector now accounts for 50% of GDP. Real GDP growth has been feeble since 1992 and Gabon continues to face the problem of fluctuating prices for its oil, timber, manganese, and uranium exports. Despite an abundance of natural wealth, and a manageable rate of population growth, the economy is hobbled by poor fiscal management. In 1992, the fiscal deficit widened to 2.4% of GDP, and Gabon failed to settle arrears on its bilateral debt, leading to a cancellation of rescheduling agreements with official and private creditors. Devaluation of its Francophone currency by 50% on 12 January 1994 sparked a one-time inflationary surge, to 35%; the rate dropped to 15% in 1995. Nevertheless, the government must continue to keep a tight rein on spending and wage increases. The IMF and France are considering offering financial assistance in 1996 if Gabon shows progress in privatization and fiscal discipline.)
(economy_gdp#gabon#purchasing power parity - $6 billion {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_real_growth_rate#gabon#2% {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_per_capita#gabon#$5,200 {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_agriculture#gabon#8.2%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_industry#gabon#44.7%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_services#gabon#47.1% {1993 est.})
(economy_inflation_rate_{consumer_prices}#gabon#15% {1995 est.})
(economy_labor_force#gabon#120,000 salaried)
(economy_labor_force_by_occupation#gabon#agriculture 65.0%, industry and commerce 30.0%, services 2.5%, government 2.5%)
(economy_unemployment_rate#gabon#10%-14% {1993 est.})
(economy_budget_revenues#gabon#$1.3 billion)
(economy_budget_expenditures#gabon#$1.6 billion, including capital expenditures of $311 million {1993 est.})
(economy_industries#gabon#food and beverage; textile; lumbering and plywood; cement; petroleum extraction and refining; manganese, uranium, and gold mining; chemicals; ship repair)
(economy_industrial_production_growth_rate#gabon#-3% {1991})
(economy_electricity_capacity#gabon#315,000 kW)
(economy_electricity_production#gabon#910 million kWh)
(economy_electricity_consumption_per_capita#gabon#757 kWh {1993})
(economy_agriculture#gabon#cocoa, coffee, sugar, palm oil; rubber; okoume {a tropical softwood}; cattle; small fishing operations {provide a catch of about 20,000 metric tons})
(economy_exports#gabon#$2.1 billion {f.o.b., 1994 est.})
(economy_exports_commodities#gabon#crude oil 80%, timber 14%, manganese 6%, uranium)
(economy_exports_partners#gabon#US 50%, France 16%, Japan 8%, Spain 6%, Germany NA {1994 est.})
(economy_imports#gabon#$800 million {f.o.b., 1994 est.})
(economy_imports_commodities#gabon#foodstuffs, chemical products, petroleum products, construction materials, manufactures, machinery)
(economy_imports_partners#gabon#France 35%, African countries, US, Japan, Netherlands {1994})
(economy_external_debt#gabon#$3.8 billion {1993 })
(economy_economic_aid_recipient#gabon#ODA, $75 million {1993})
(economy_currency#gabon#1 Communaute Financiere Africaine franc {CFAF} = 100 centimes)
(economy_exchange_rates#gabon#CFA francs {CFAF} per US$1 - 500.56 {January 1996}, 499.15 {1995}, 555.20 {1994}, 283.16 {1993}, 264.69 {1992}, 282.11 {1991})
(economy_exchange_rates_note#gabon#beginning 12 January 1994, the CFA franc was devalued to CFAF 100 per French franc from CFAF 50 at which it had been fixed since 1948)
(economy_fiscal_year#gabon#calendar year)
(transportation_railways_total#gabon#649 km Gabon State Railways {OCTRA})
(transportation_railways_standard_gauge#gabon#649 km 1.435-m gauge; single track {1994})
(transportation_highways_total#gabon#7,456 km)
(transportation_highways_paved#gabon#560 km)
(transportation_highways_unpaved#gabon#6,896 km {1988 est.})
(transportation_waterways#gabon#1,600 km perennially navigable)
(transportation_pipelines#gabon#crude oil 270 km; petroleum products 14 km)
(transportation_ports#gabon#Cape Lopez, Kango, Lambarene, Libreville, Mayumba, Owendo, Port-Gentil)
(transportation_merchant_marine_total#gabon#3 bulk {1,000 GRT or over} totaling 36,976 GRT/60,319 DWT {1995 est.})
(transportation_airports#gabon#54)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_over_3,047_m#gabon#1)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_2,438_to_3,047_m#gabon#1)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_1,524_to_2,437_m#gabon#7)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_914_to_1,523_m#gabon#1)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_under_914_m#gabon#21)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_1,524_to_2,437_m#gabon#8)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_914_to_1,523_m#gabon#15 {1995 est.})
(communications_telephones#gabon#22,000 {1991 est.})
(communications_telephone_system_domestic#gabon#adequate system of cable, microwave radio relay, tropospheric scatter, radiotelephone communication stations, and a domestic satellite system with 12 earth stations)
(communications_telephone_system_international#gabon#satellite earth stations - 3 Intelsat {Atlantic Ocean})
(communications_radio_broadcast_stations#gabon#AM 6, FM 6, shortwave 0)
(communications_radios#gabon#250,000 {1993 est.})
(communications_television_broadcast_stations#gabon#3 {repeaters 5})
(communications_televisions#gabon#40,000 {1993 est.})
(defense_branches#gabon#Army, Navy, Air Force, Presidential Guard, National Gendarmerie, National Police)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_age_15-49#gabon#273,662)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_fit_for_military_service#gabon#139,439)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_reach_military_age_{20}_annually#gabon#10,966 {1996 est.})
(defense_defense_expenditures#gabon#exchange rate conversion - $154 million, 2.4% of GDP {1993})
(geography_location#the_gambia#Western Africa, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean and Senegal)
(geography_geographic_coordinates#the_gambia#13 28 N, 16 34 W)
(geography_map_references#the_gambia#Africa)
(geography_area_total_area#the_gambia#11,300 sq km)
(geography_area_land_area#the_gambia#10,000 sq km)
(geography_area_comparative_area#the_gambia#slightly more than twice the size of Delaware)
(geography_land_boundaries_total#the_gambia#740 km)
(geography_land_boundaries_border_country#the_gambia#Senegal 740 km)
(geography_coastline#the_gambia#80 km)
(geography_maritime_claims_contiguous_zone#the_gambia#18 nm)
(geography_maritime_claims_continental_shelf#the_gambia#not specified)
(geography_maritime_claims_exclusive_fishing_zone#the_gambia#200 nm)
(geography_maritime_claims_territorial_sea#the_gambia#12 nm)
(geography_international_disputes#the_gambia#short section of boundary with Senegal is indefinite)
(geography_climate#the_gambia#tropical; hot, rainy season {June to November}; cooler, dry season {November to May})
(geography_terrain#the_gambia#flood plain of the Gambia River flanked by some low hills)
(geography_terrain_lowest_point#the_gambia#Atlantic Ocean 0 m)
(geography_terrain_highest_point#the_gambia#unnamed location 53 m)
(geography_natural_resources#the_gambia#fish)
(geography_land_use_arable_land#the_gambia#16%)
(geography_land_use_permanent_crops#the_gambia#0%)
(geography_land_use_meadows_and_pastures#the_gambia#9%)
(geography_land_use_forest_and_woodland#the_gambia#20%)
(geography_land_use_other#the_gambia#55%)
(geography_irrigated_land#the_gambia#120 sq km {1989 est.})
(geography_environment_current_issues#the_gambia#deforestation; desertification; water-borne diseases prevalent)
(geography_environment_natural_hazards#the_gambia#rainfall has dropped by 30% in the last 30 years)
(geography_environment_international_agreements#the_gambia#party to - Biodiversity, Climate Change, Endangered Species, Law of the Sea, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Whaling; signed, but not ratified - Desertification)
(geography_geographic_note#the_gambia#almost an enclave of Senegal; smallest country on the continent of Africa)
(people_population#the_gambia#1,204,984 {July 1996 est.})
(people_age_structure_0-14_years#the_gambia#46% {male 276,782; female 275,683})
(people_age_structure_15-64_years#the_gambia#51% {male 307,405; female 312,736})
(people_age_structure_65_years_and_over#the_gambia#3% {male 17,278; female 15,100} {July 1996 est.})
(people_population_growth_rate#the_gambia#3.55% {1996 est.})
(people_birth_rate#the_gambia#44.44 births/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_death_rate#the_gambia#13.66 deaths/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_net_migration_rate#the_gambia#4.72 migrant{s}/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_sex_ratio_at_birth#the_gambia#1.03 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_under_15_years#the_gambia#1 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_15-64_years#the_gambia#0.98 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_65_years_and_over#the_gambia#1.14 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_all_ages#the_gambia#1 male{s}/female {1996 est.})
(people_infant_mortality_rate#the_gambia#80.5 deaths/1,000 live births {1996 est.})
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_total_population#the_gambia#52.96 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_male#the_gambia#50.74 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_female#the_gambia#55.24 years {1996 est.})
(people_total_fertility_rate#the_gambia#6.06 children born/woman {1996 est.})
(people_nationality_noun#the_gambia#Gambian{s})
(people_nationality_adjective#the_gambia#Gambian)
(people_ethnic_divisions#the_gambia#African 99% {Mandinka 42%, Fula 18%, Wolof 16%, Jola 10%, Serahuli 9%, other 4%}, non-Gambian 1%)
(people_religions#the_gambia#Muslim 90%, Christian 9%, indigenous beliefs 1%)
(people_languages#the_gambia#English {official}, Mandinka, Wolof, Fula, other indigenous vernaculars)
(people_literacy#the_gambia#age 15 and over can read and write {1995 est.})
(people_literacy_total_population#the_gambia#38.6%)
(people_literacy_male#the_gambia#52.8%)
(people_literacy_female#the_gambia#24.9%)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_long_form#the_gambia#Republic of The Gambia)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_short_form#the_gambia#The Gambia)
(government_data_code#the_gambia#GA)
(government_type_of_government#the_gambia#republic under multiparty democratic rule)
(government_type_of_government_note:#the_gambia#nominally a republic, The Gambia has had a military government since 22 July 1994; the military authority has promised to return control to a democratically-elected government in July 1996)
(government_capital#the_gambia#Banjul)
(government_administrative_divisions#the_gambia#5 divisions and 1 city*; Banjul*, Lower River, MacCarthy Island, North Bank, Upper River, Western)
(government_independence#the_gambia#18 February 1965 {from UK; The Gambia and Senegal signed an agreement on 12 December 1981 that called for the creation of a loose confederation to be known as Senegambia, but the agreement was dissolved on 30 September 1989})
(government_national_holiday#the_gambia#Independence Day, 18 February {1965})
(government_constitution#the_gambia#24 April 1970; suspended July 1994)
(government_legal_system#the_gambia#based on a composite of English common law, Koranic law, and customary law; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations)
(government_suffrage#the_gambia#21 years of age; universal)
(government_executive_branch_chief_of_state_and_head_of_government#the_gambia#Chairman of the Armed Forces Provisional Ruling Council Capt. Yahya A. J. J. JAMMEH {since the military coup of 22 July 1994}; Vice Chairman of the Armed Forces Provisional Ruling Council Capt. Edward SINGHATEH {since March 1995}; last popular election held on 29 April 1992; results - Sir Dawda JAWARA {PPP} 58.5%, Sherif Mustapha DIBBA {NCP} 22.2%, Assan Musa CAMARA {GPP} 8.0% {prior to the 22 July 1994 coup, next election had been scheduled for April 1997})
(government_executive_branch_cabinet#the_gambia#Cabinet normally is appointed by the president from members of the House of Representatives {present cabinet appointed by Chairman of the Armed Forces Provisional Ruling Council})
(government_legislative_branch#the_gambia#unicameral)
(government_house_of_representatives#the_gambia#last popular election held on 29 April 1992 {next to be held NA April 1997}; results - PPP won 58.1% of votes; seats - {43 total, 36 elected} PPP 30, NCP 6)
(government_house_of_representatives_note#the_gambia#following the military coup on 22 July 1994, all elective offices were dissolved; in April 1996, the military government announced that voter registrations would begin in May and democratic elections would be held in October 1996)
(government_judicial_branch#the_gambia#Supreme Court)
(government_political_parties_and_leaders#the_gambia#the following political parties were active on 22 July 1994, after which time political activity was banned by the military government: People's Progressive Party {PPP}, Dawda K. JAWARA {in exile}, secretary general; National Convention Party {NCP}, Sheriff DIBBA {in exile}; Gambian People's Party {GPP}, Hassan Musa CAMARA; United Party {UP}, leader NA; People's Democratic Organization of Independence and Socialism {PDOIS}, leader NA; People's Democratic Party {PDP}, Jabel SALLAH)
(government_international_organization_participation#the_gambia#ACP, AfDB, C, CCC, ECA, ECOWAS, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Intelsat {nonsignatory user}, Interpol, IOC, ITU, NAM, OAU, OIC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_chief_of_mission#the_gambia#Ambassador {vacant}; Counselor, Charge d'Affaires ad interim Tombong SAIDY)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_chancery#the_gambia#Suite 1000, 1155 15th Street NW, Washington, DC 20005)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_telephone#the_gambia#[1] {202} 785-1399, 1379, 1425)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_fax#the_gambia#[1] {202} 785-1430)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_chief_of_mission#the_gambia#Ambassador Gerald A. SCOTT)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_embassy#the_gambia#Fajara, Kairaba Avenue, Banjul)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_mailing_address#the_gambia#P. M. B. No. 19, Banjul)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_telephone#the_gambia#[220] 392856, 392858, 391970, 391971)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_fax#the_gambia#[220] 392475)
(government_flag#the_gambia#three equal horizontal bands of red {top}, blue with white edges, and green)
(economy_economic_overview#the_gambia#The Gambia has no important mineral or other natural resources and has a limited agricultural base. About 75% of the population is engaged in crop production and livestock raising. Small-scale manufacturing activity features the processing of peanuts, fish, and hides. A sustained structural adjustment program, including a liberalized trade policy, had fostered a respectable 4% annual rate of growth in 1990-93. Reexport trade normally constitutes one-third of economic activity; however, border closures associated with Senegal's monetary crisis in late 1993 led to a halving of reexport trade, reducing government revenues in turn. The 50% devaluation of the CFA franc in January 1994 has made Senegalese goods more competitive and apparently prompted a relaxation of Senegalese controls, paving the way for a comeback in reexports. But, in response to the military's takeover in July 1994, cuts in foreign trade and a decline in tourism have undermined economic growth.)
(economy_gdp#the_gambia#purchasing power parity - $1.1 billion {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_real_growth_rate#the_gambia#2% {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_per_capita#the_gambia#$1,100 {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_agriculture#the_gambia#27%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_industry#the_gambia#15%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_services#the_gambia#58% {1993})
(economy_inflation_rate_{consumer_prices}#the_gambia#1.7% {1994})
(economy_labor_force#the_gambia#400,000 {1986 est.})
(economy_labor_force_by_occupation#the_gambia#agriculture 75.0%, industry, commerce, and services 18.9%, government 6.1%)
(economy_unemployment_rate#the_gambia#NA%)
(economy_budget_revenues#the_gambia#$91.4 million)
(economy_budget_expenditures#the_gambia#$90 million, including capital expenditures of $NA {FY95/96 est.})
(economy_industries#the_gambia#processing peanuts, fish, and hides; tourism; beverages; agricultural machinery assembly, woodworking, metalworking; clothing)
(economy_industrial_production_growth_rate#the_gambia#NA%)
(economy_electricity_capacity#the_gambia#30,000 kW)
(economy_electricity_production#the_gambia#70 million kWh)
(economy_electricity_consumption_per_capita#the_gambia#64 kWh {1993})
(economy_agriculture#the_gambia#peanuts, millet, sorghum, rice, corn, cassava {tapioca}, palm kernels; cattle, sheep, goats; forest and fishing resources not fully exploited)
(economy_exports#the_gambia#$35 million {f.o.b., 1994 est.})
(economy_exports_commodities#the_gambia#peanuts and peanut products, fish, cotton lint, palm kernels)
(economy_exports_partners#the_gambia#Japan 60%, Europe 29%, Africa 5%, US 1%, other 5% {1989})
(economy_imports#the_gambia#$209 million {f.o.b., 1994 est.})
(economy_imports_commodities#the_gambia#foodstuffs, manufactures, raw materials, fuel, machinery and transport equipment)
(economy_imports_partners#the_gambia#Europe 57%, Asia 25%, USSR and Eastern Europe 9%, US 6%, other 3% {1989})
(economy_external_debt#the_gambia#$386 million {1993 est.})
(economy_economic_aid_recipient#the_gambia#ODA, $NA)
(economy_currency#the_gambia#1 dalasi {D} = 100 butut)
(economy_exchange_rates#the_gambia#dalasi {D} per US$1 - 9.555 {August 1996}, 9.576 {1994}, 9.129 {1993}, 8.888 {1992}, 8.803 {1991})
(economy_fiscal_year#the_gambia#1 July - 30 June)
(transportation_railways#the_gambia#0 km)
(transportation_highways_total#the_gambia#2,386 km)
(transportation_highways_paved#the_gambia#764 km)
(transportation_highways_unpaved#the_gambia#1,622 km {1990 est.})
(transportation_waterways#the_gambia#400 km)
(transportation_ports#the_gambia#Banjul)
(transportation_merchant_marine#the_gambia#none)
(transportation_airports_total#the_gambia#1)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_over_3,047_m#the_gambia#1 {1995 est.})
(communications_telephones#the_gambia#11,000 {1991 est.})
(communications_telephone_system_domestic#the_gambia#adequate network of microwave radio relay and open wire)
(communications_telephone_system_international#the_gambia#microwave radio relay links to Senegal and Guinea-Bissau; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat {Atlantic Ocean})
(communications_radio_broadcast_stations#the_gambia#AM 3, FM 2, shortwave 0)
(communications_radios#the_gambia#180,000 {1993 est.})
(communications_television_broadcast_stations#the_gambia#NA)
(communications_televisions#the_gambia#NA)
(defense_branches#the_gambia#Army, Navy, National Police)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_age_15-49#the_gambia#267,188)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_fit_for_military_service#the_gambia#134,611 {1996 est.})
(defense_defense_expenditures#the_gambia#exchange rate conversion - $14 million, 3.8% of GDP {FY93/94})
(header_note#gaza_strip#The Israel-PLO Declaration of Principles on Interim Self-Government Arrangements {"the DOP"}, signed in Washington on 13 September 1993, provides for a transitional period not exceeding five years of Palestinian interim self-government in the Gaza Strip and the West Bank. Permanent status negotiations began on 5 May 1996.)
(geography_location#gaza_strip#Middle East, bordering the Mediterranean Sea, between Egypt and Israel)
(geography_geographic_coordinates#gaza_strip#31 25 N, 34 20 E)
(geography_map_references#gaza_strip#Middle East)
(geography_area_total_area#gaza_strip#360 sq km)
(geography_area_land_area#gaza_strip#360 sq km)
(geography_area_comparative_area#gaza_strip#slightly more than twice the size of Washington, DC)
(geography_land_boundaries_total#gaza_strip#62 km)
(geography_land_boundaries_border_countries#gaza_strip#Egypt 11 km, Israel 51 km)
(geography_coastline#gaza_strip#40 km)
(geography_maritime_claims#gaza_strip#Israeli occupied with current status subject to the Israeli-Palestinian Interim Agreement - permanent status to be determined through further negotiation)
(geography_international_disputes#gaza_strip#West Bank and Gaza Strip are Israeli occupied with current status subject to the Israeli-Palestinian Interim Agreement - permanent status to be determined through further negotiation)
(geography_climate#gaza_strip#temperate, mild winters, dry and warm to hot summers)
(geography_terrain#gaza_strip#flat to rolling, sand- and dune-covered coastal plain)
(geography_terrain_lowest_point#gaza_strip#Mediterranean Sea 0 m)
(geography_terrain_highest_point#gaza_strip#Abu 'Awdah {Joz Abu 'Auda} 105 m)
(geography_natural_resources#gaza_strip#NEGL)
(geography_land_use_arable_land#gaza_strip#13%)
(geography_land_use_permanent_crops#gaza_strip#32%)
(geography_land_use_meadows_and_pastures#gaza_strip#0%)
(geography_land_use_forest_and_woodland#gaza_strip#0%)
(geography_land_use_other#gaza_strip#55%)
(geography_irrigated_land#gaza_strip#115 sq km {1992 est.})
(geography_environment_current_issues#gaza_strip#desertification)
(geography_environment_natural_hazards#gaza_strip#NA)
(geography_environment_international_agreements#gaza_strip#NA)
(geography_geographic_note#gaza_strip#there are 24 Israeli settlements and civilian land use sites in the Gaza Strip {August 1995 est.})
(people_population#gaza_strip#923,940 {July 1996 est.})
(people_population_note#gaza_strip#in addition, there are 5,000 Israeli settlers in the Gaza Strip {August 1995 est.})
(people_age_structure_0-14_years#gaza_strip#52% {male 244,026; female 231,976})
(people_age_structure_15-64_years#gaza_strip#46% {male 210,706; female 210,764})
(people_age_structure_65_years_and_over#gaza_strip#2% {male 11,553; female 14,915} {July 1996 est.})
(people_population_growth_rate#gaza_strip#6.79% {1996 est.})
(people_birth_rate#gaza_strip#50.67 births/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_death_rate#gaza_strip#4.4 deaths/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_net_migration_rate#gaza_strip#21.65 migrant{s}/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_sex_ratio_at_birth#gaza_strip#1.05 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_under_15_years#gaza_strip#1.05 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_15-64_years#gaza_strip#1 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_65_years_and_over#gaza_strip#0.78 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_all_ages#gaza_strip#1.02 male{s}/female {1996 est.})
(people_infant_mortality_rate#gaza_strip#27.5 deaths/1,000 live births {1996 est.})
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_total_population#gaza_strip#71.98 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_male#gaza_strip#70.69 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_female#gaza_strip#73.34 years {1996 est.})
(people_total_fertility_rate#gaza_strip#7.79 children born/woman {1996 est.})
(people_nationality_noun#gaza_strip#NA)
(people_nationality_adjective#gaza_strip#NA)
(people_ethnic_divisions#gaza_strip#Palestinian Arab and other 99.4%, Jewish 0.6%)
(people_religions#gaza_strip#Muslim {predominantly Sunni} 98.7%, Christian 0.7%, Jewish 0.6%)
(people_languages#gaza_strip#Arabic, Hebrew {spoken by Israeli settlers}, English {widely understood})
(people_literacy#gaza_strip#NA)
(government_government_note#gaza_strip#Under the Israeli-PLO Declaration of Principles on Interim Self-Government Arrangements {"the DOP"}, Israel agreed to transfer certain powers and responsibilities to the Palestinian Authority, which includes a Palestinian Legislative Council elected in January 1996, as part of interim self-governing arrangements in the West Bank and Gaza Strip. A transfer of powers and responsibilities for the Gaza Strip and Jericho has taken place pursuant to the Israel-PLO 4 May 1994 Cairo Agreement on the Gaza Strip and the Jericho Area and in additional areas of the West Bank pursuant to the Israel-PLO 28 September 1995 Interim Agreement. The DOP provides that Israel will retain responsibility during the transitional period for external security and for internal security and public order of settlements and Israelis. Permanent status is to be determined through direct negotiations within five years.)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_long_form#gaza_strip#none)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_short_form#gaza_strip#Gaza Strip)
(government_name_of_country_local_long_form#gaza_strip#none)
(government_name_of_country_local_short_form#gaza_strip#Qita Ghazzah)
(government_data_code#gaza_strip#GZ)
(economy_economic_overview#gaza_strip#In 1991 roughly 40% of Gaza Strip workers were employed across the border by Israeli industrial, construction, and agricultural enterprises, with worker remittances supplementing GDP by roughly 50%. Gaza has depended upon Israel for nearly 90% of its external trade. Aggravating the impact of Israeli military administration, unrest in the territory from 1988 to 1993 {intifadah} raised unemployment and lowered the standard of living of Gazans. The Persian Gulf crisis and its aftershocks also dealt blows to Gaza since August 1990. Worker remittances from the Gulf states have dropped, unemployment has increased, and exports have fallen. The withdrawal of Israel from the Gaza Strip in May 1994 has brought a new set of adjustment problems. The stringent border restrictions have held back economic growth in 1995 and 1996.)
(economy_gdp#gaza_strip#purchasing power parity - $1 billion {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_real_growth_rate#gaza_strip#3%-4% {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_per_capita#gaza_strip#$1,200 {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_agriculture#gaza_strip#33%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_industry#gaza_strip#7%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_services#gaza_strip#60% {1995 est., includes West Bank})
(economy_inflation_rate_{consumer_prices}#gaza_strip#14% {1995 est.})
(economy_labor_force#gaza_strip#NA)
(economy_labor_force_by_occupation#gaza_strip#construction 33.4%, agriculture 20.0%, commerce, restaurants, and hotels 14.9%, industry 10.0%, other services 21.7% {1991})
(economy_labor_force_note#gaza_strip#excluding Israeli settlers)
(economy_unemployment_rate#gaza_strip#30%-45% {1995 est.})
(economy_budget#gaza_strip#$NA)
(economy_industries#gaza_strip#generally small family businesses that produce textiles, soap, olive-wood carvings, and mother-of-pearl souvenirs; the Israelis have established some small-scale modern industries in an industrial center)
(economy_industrial_production_growth_rate#gaza_strip#NA%)
(economy_electricity#gaza_strip#power supplied by Israel)
(economy_agriculture#gaza_strip#olives, citrus, other fruits, vegetables; beef, dairy products)
(economy_exports#gaza_strip#$49 million {f.o.b., 1994 est.})
(economy_exports_commodities#gaza_strip#citrus)
(economy_exports_partners#gaza_strip#Israel, Egypt)
(economy_imports#gaza_strip#$339 million {c.i.f., 1994 est.})
(economy_imports_commodities#gaza_strip#food, consumer goods, construction materials)
(economy_imports_partners#gaza_strip#Israel, Egypt)
(economy_external_debt#gaza_strip#$NA)
(economy_economic_aid_recipient#gaza_strip#ODA, $NA)
(economy_economic_aid_note#gaza_strip#$410 million {est.} disbursed from international aid pledges in 1995 {includes aid to West Bank})
(economy_currency#gaza_strip#1 new Israeli shekel {NIS} = 100 new agorot)
(economy_exchange_rates#gaza_strip#new Israeli shekels {NIS} per US$1 - 3.1295 {January 1996}, 3.0113 {1995}, 3.0111 {1994}, 2.8301 {1993}, 2.4591 {1992}, 2.2791 {1991})
(economy_fiscal_year#gaza_strip#calendar year {since 1 January 1992})
(transportation_railways_total#gaza_strip#NA km; note - one line, abandoned and in disrepair, little trackage remains)
(transportation_highways#gaza_strip#NA km)
(transportation_highways_paved#gaza_strip#NA km)
(transportation_highways_unpaved#gaza_strip#NA km)
(transportation_highways_note#gaza_strip#small, poorly developed road network)
(transportation_ports#gaza_strip#Gaza)
(transportation_airports_total#gaza_strip#1)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_under_914_m#gaza_strip#1 {1995 est.})
(communications_telephones#gaza_strip#NA)
(communications_telephones_note#gaza_strip#10% of Palestinian households have telephones {1992 est.})
(communications_telephone_system_domestic#gaza_strip#NA)
(communications_telephone_system_international#gaza_strip#NA)
(communications_radio_broadcast_stations#gaza_strip#AM 0, FM 0, shortwave 0)
(communications_radios#gaza_strip#NA; note - 95% of Palestinian households have radios {1992 est.})
(communications_television_broadcast_stations#gaza_strip#0)
(communications_televisions#gaza_strip#NA; note - 59% of Palestinian households have televisions {1992 est.})
(defense_branches#gaza_strip#NA)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_age_15-49#gaza_strip#NA)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_fit_for_military_service#gaza_strip#NA)
(defense_defense_expenditures#gaza_strip#$NA, NA% of GDP)
(header_note#georgia#Beset by ethnic and civil strife since independence in 1991, Georgia began to stabilize in 1994. Separatist conflicts in Abkhazia and South Ossetia have been dormant for more than two years, although political settlements remain elusive. Russian peacekeepers are deployed in both regions and a UN Observer Mission is operating in Abkhazia. As a result of these conflicts, Georgia still has about 250,000 internally displaced people. In November 1995, Georgia held peaceful, generally free and fair nationwide presidential and parliamentary elections. Although the country continues to suffer from a crippling economic crisis, aggravated by a severe energy shortage, some progress has been made and the Georgian Government remains committed to economic reform in cooperation with the IMF and the World Bank. Violence and organized crime were sharply curtailed in 1995.)
(geography_location#georgia#Southwestern Asia, bordering the Black Sea, between Turkey and Russia)
(geography_geographic_coordinates#georgia#42 00 N, 43 30 E)
(geography_map_references#georgia#Commonwealth of Independent States)
(geography_area_total_area#georgia#69,700 sq km)
(geography_area_land_area#georgia#69,700 sq km)
(geography_area_comparative_area#georgia#slightly larger than South Carolina)
(geography_land_boundaries_total#georgia#1,461 km)
(geography_land_boundaries_border_countries#georgia#Armenia 164 km, Azerbaijan 322 km, Russia 723 km, Turkey 252 km)
(geography_coastline#georgia#310 km)
(geography_maritime_claims#georgia#NA)
(geography_international_disputes#georgia#none)
(geography_climate#georgia#warm and pleasant; Mediterranean-like on Black Sea coast)
(geography_terrain#georgia#largely mountainous with Great Caucasus Mountains in the north and Lesser Caucasus Mountains in the south; Kolkhida Lowland opens to the Black Sea in the west; Mtkvari River Basin in the east; good soils in river valley flood plains, foothills of Kolkhida Lowland)
(geography_terrain_lowest_point#georgia#Black Sea 0 m)
(geography_terrain_highest_point#georgia#Mt'a Mqinvartsveri {Gora Kazbek} 5,048 m)
(geography_natural_resources#georgia#forests, hydropower, manganese deposits, iron ore, copper, minor coal and oil deposits; coastal climate and soils allow for important tea and citrus growth)
(geography_land_use_arable_land#georgia#11%)
(geography_land_use_permanent_crops#georgia#4%)
(geography_land_use_meadows_and_pastures#georgia#29%)
(geography_land_use_forest_and_woodland#georgia#38%)
(geography_land_use_other#georgia#18%)
(geography_irrigated_land#georgia#4,660 sq km {1990})
(geography_environment_current_issues#georgia#air pollution, particularly in Rust'avi; heavy pollution of Mtkvari River and the Black Sea; inadequate supplies of potable water; soil pollution from toxic chemicals)
(geography_environment_natural_hazards#georgia#NA)
(geography_environment_international_agreements#georgia#party to - Biodiversity, Climate Change, Ship Pollution; signed, but not ratified - Desertification)
(people_population#georgia#5,219,810 {July 1996 est.})
(people_age_structure_0-14_years#georgia#22% {male 595,524; female 571,207})
(people_age_structure_15-64_years#georgia#66% {male 1,643,506; female 1,784,286})
(people_age_structure_65_years_and_over#georgia#12% {male 229,910; female 395,377} {July 1996 est.})
(people_population_growth_rate#georgia#-1.02% {1996 est.})
(people_birth_rate#georgia#12.81 births/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_death_rate#georgia#12.21 deaths/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_net_migration_rate#georgia#-10.82 migrant{s}/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_sex_ratio_at_birth#georgia#1.05 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_under_15_years#georgia#1.04 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_15-64_years#georgia#0.92 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_65_years_and_over#georgia#0.58 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_all_ages#georgia#0.9 male{s}/female {1996 est.})
(people_infant_mortality_rate#georgia#22.5 deaths/1,000 live births {1996 est.})
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_total_population#georgia#68.09 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_male#georgia#63.43 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_female#georgia#72.98 years {1996 est.})
(people_total_fertility_rate#georgia#1.69 children born/woman {1996 est.})
(people_nationality_noun#georgia#Georgian{s})
(people_nationality_adjective#georgia#Georgian)
(people_ethnic_divisions#georgia#Georgian 70.1%, Armenian 8.1%, Russian 6.3%, Azeri 5.7%, Ossetian 3%, Abkhaz 1.8%, other 5%)
(people_religions#georgia#Christian Orthodox 75% {Georgian Orthodox 65%, Russian Orthodox 10%}, Muslim 11%, Armenian Apostolic 8%, unknown 6%)
(people_languages#georgia#Armenian 7%, Azeri 6%, Georgian 71% {official}, Russian 9%, other 7%)
(people_literacy#georgia#age 15 and over can read and write {1989 est.})
(people_literacy_total_population#georgia#99%)
(people_literacy_male#georgia#100%)
(people_literacy_female#georgia#98%)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_long_form#georgia#Republic of Georgia)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_short_form#georgia#Georgia)
(government_name_of_country_local_long_form#georgia#Sak'art'velos Respublika)
(government_name_of_country_local_short_form#georgia#Sak'art'velo)
(government_name_of_country_former#georgia#Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic)
(government_data_code#georgia#GG)
(government_type_of_government#georgia#republic)
(government_capital#georgia#T'bilisi)
(government_administrative_divisions#georgia#2 autonomous republics {avtomnoy respubliki, singular - avtom respublika}; Abkhazia {Sokhumi}, Ajaria {Bat'umi})
(government_administrative_divisions_note#georgia#the administrative centers of the autonomous republics are included in parentheses; there are no oblasts - the rayons around T'bilisi are under direct republic jurisdiction)
(government_independence#georgia#9 April 1991 {from Soviet Union})
(government_national_holiday#georgia#Independence Day, 26 May {1991})
(government_constitution#georgia#adopted 17 October 1995)
(government_legal_system#georgia#based on civil law system)
(government_suffrage#georgia#18 years of age; universal)
(government_executive_branch_chief_of_state_and_head_of_government#georgia#President Eduard Amvrosiyevich SHEVARDNADZE {previously elected Chairman of the Government Council 10 March 1992, Council has since been disbanded; previously elected Chairman of Parliament 11 October 1992}; presidential election last held 5 November 1995 {next to be held NA April 2001}; results - Eduard SHEVARDNADZE 74%; president's term to last five years)
(government_executive_branch_cabinet#georgia#Cabinet of Ministers)
(government_legislative_branch#georgia#unicameral)
(government_georgian_parliament#georgia#elections last held 5 November 1995 {next to be held NA November 2000}; results - CUG 24%, NDP 8%, All Georgia Revival Union 7%, all other parties received less than 5% each; seats - {235 total} number of seats by party NA)
(government_judicial_branch#georgia#Supreme Court)
(government_political_parties_and_leaders#georgia#Citizens Union of Georgia {CUG}, Eduard SHEVARDNADZE, Zurab ZHVANIA, general secretary; National Democratic Party {NDP}, Irina SARISHVILI-CHANTARIA; United Republican Party, umbrella organization for parties including the GPF and the Charter 1991 Party, Notar NATADZE, chairman; Georgian Popular Front {GPF}, Nodar NATADZE, chairman; Charter 1991 Party, Tedo PAATASHVILI; Georgian Social Democratic Party {GSDP}, Guram MUCHAIDZE, secretary general; All Georgia Union for Revival, Alsan ABASHIDZE; Christian Democratic Union {CDU}, Irakli SHENGELAYA; Democratic Georgia Union {DGU}, Avtandil MARGIANI; National Independence Party {NIP}, Irakliy TSERETELI, chairman; Georgian Monarchists' Party {GMP}, Temur ZHORZHOLIANI; Greens Party; Agrarian Party of Georgia {APG}, Roin LIPARTELIANI; United Communist Party of Georgia {UCP}, Panteleimon GIORGADZE, chairman)
(government_other_political_or_pressure_groups#georgia#supporters of ousted President Zviad GAMSAKHURDIA {deceased 1 January 1994} remain a source of opposition; separatist elements in the breakaway region of Abkhazia)
(government_international_organization_participation#georgia#BSEC, CCC, CIS, EBRD, ECE, FAO, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFAD, IFC, ILO, IMF, IMO, Inmarsat, Interpol, IOC, IOM {observer}, ITU, NACC, OSCE, PFP, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_chief_of_mission#georgia#Ambassador Tedo JAPARIDZE)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_chancery#georgia#{temporary} Suite 424, 1511 K Street NW, Washington, DC 20005)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_telephone#georgia#[1] {202} 393-5959)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_fax#georgia#[1] {202} 393-6060)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_chief_of_mission#georgia#Ambassador William H. COURTNEY)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_embassy#georgia##25 Antoneli Street, T'bilisi 380026)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_mailing_address#georgia#use embassy street address)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_telephone#georgia#[7] {8832} 98-99-67, 93-38-03)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_fax#georgia#[7] {8832} 93-37-59)
(government_flag#georgia#maroon field with small rectangle in upper hoist side corner; rectangle divided horizontally with black on top, white below)
(economy_economic_overview#georgia#Georgia's economy has traditionally revolved around Black Sea tourism; cultivation of citrus fruits, tea, and grapes; mining of manganese and copper; and a small industrial sector producing wine, metals, machinery, chemicals, and textiles. The country imports the bulk of its energy needs, including natural gas and oil products. Its only sizable internal energy resource is hydropower. Since 1991 the economy has sustained severe damage from civil strife. Georgia has been suffering from acute energy shortages, as it is having problems paying for even minimal imports. Georgia is pinning its hopes for long-term recovery largely on reestablishing trade ties with Russia and on developing international transportation through the key Black Sea ports of P'ot'i and Bat'umi. Statistical estimates on Georgia are subject to a particularly wide margin of error, even compared with other FSU countries. The GDP estimate below probably does not reflect much of its grass roots economic activity. GDP is supplemented by considerable EU and US humanitarian aid.)
(economy_gdp#georgia#purchasing power parity - $6.2 billion {1995 estimate as extrapolated from World Bank estimate for 1994})
(economy_gdp_real_growth_rate#georgia#-11% {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_per_capita#georgia#$1,080 {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_agriculture#georgia#70.4%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_industry#georgia#10.2%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_services#georgia#19.4% {1993 est.})
(economy_inflation_rate_{consumer_prices}#georgia#2.2% monthly average {first half 1995 est.})
(economy_labor_force#georgia#2.763 million)
(economy_labor_force_by_occupation#georgia#industry and construction 31%, agriculture and forestry 25%, other 44% {1990})
(economy_unemployment_rate#georgia#officially less than 5% but real unemployment may be more than 20%, with even larger numbers of underemployed workers)
(economy_budget_revenues#georgia#$NA)
(economy_budget_expenditures#georgia#$NA, including capital expenditures of $NA)
(economy_industries#georgia#steel, aircraft, machine tools, foundry equipment, electric locomotives, tower cranes, electric welding equipment, machinery for food preparation and meat packing, electric motors, process control equipment, trucks, tractors, textiles, shoes, chemicals, wood products, wine)
(economy_industrial_production_growth_rate#georgia#-10% {1995})
(economy_electricity_capacity#georgia#4,410,000 kW)
(economy_electricity_production#georgia#9.1 billion kWh)
(economy_electricity_consumption_per_capita#georgia#1,526 kWh {1993})
(economy_agriculture#georgia#citrus, grapes, tea, vegetables, potatoes; small livestock sector)
(economy_illicit_drugs#georgia#illicit cultivator of cannabis and opium poppy; mostly for domestic consumption; used as transshipment point for illicit drugs to Western Europe)
(economy_exports#georgia#$140 million {c.i.f., 1995})
(economy_exports_commodities#georgia#citrus fruits, tea, wine, other agricultural products; diverse types of machinery; ferrous and nonferrous metals; textiles; chemicals; fuel re-exports)
(economy_exports_partners#georgia#Russia, Turkey, Armenia, Azerbaijan)
(economy_imports#georgia#$250 million {f.o.b., 1995})
(economy_imports_commodities#georgia#fuel, grain and other foods, machinery and parts, transport equipment)
(economy_imports_partners#georgia#Russia, Azerbaijan, Turkey; note - EU and US send humanitarian food shipments)
(economy_external_debt#georgia#$1.2 billion {of which $135 million to Russia} {1995 est.})
(economy_economic_aid_recipient#georgia#ODA, $28 million {1993})
(economy_economic_aid_note#georgia#commitments, 1992-95, $1,200 million {$675 million disbursements})
(economy_currency#georgia#lari introduced September 1995 replacing the coupon)
(economy_exchange_rates#georgia#laris per US$1 - 1.24 {end December 1995})
(economy_fiscal_year#georgia#calendar year)
(transportation_railways_total#georgia#1,570 km in common carrier service; does not include industrial lines)
(transportation_railways_broad_gauge#georgia#1,570 km 1.520-m gauge {1990})
(transportation_highways_total#georgia#35,100 km)
(transportation_highways_paved#georgia#31,200 km)
(transportation_highways_unpaved#georgia#3,900 km {1990 est.})
(transportation_pipelines#georgia#crude oil 370 km; refined products 300 km; natural gas 440 km {1992})
(transportation_ports#georgia#Bat'umi, P'ot'i, Sokhumi)
(transportation_merchant_marine_total#georgia#23 ships {1,000 GRT or over} totaling 307,765 GRT/483,567 DWT)
(transportation_merchant_marine_ships_by_type#georgia#bulk 8, cargo 2, oil tanker 12, short-sea passenger 1 {1995 est.})
(transportation_airports_total#georgia#28)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_over_3,047_m#georgia#1)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_2,438_to_3,047_m#georgia#7)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_1,524_to_2,437_m#georgia#4)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_914_to_1,523_m#georgia#1)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_under_914_m#georgia#1)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_over_3,047_m#georgia#1)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_2,438_to_3,047_m#georgia#1)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_1,524_to_2,437_m#georgia#1)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_914_to_1,523_m#georgia#5)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_under_914_m#georgia#6 {1994 est.})
(transportation_transportation_note#georgia#transportation network is in poor condition and disrupted by ethnic conflict, criminal activities, and fuel shortages; network lacks maintenance and repair)
(communications_telephones#georgia#672,000 {1993 est.})
(communications_telephone_system#georgia#poor service; 339,000 unsatisfied applications for telephones {December 1990 est.})
(communications_telephone_system_domestic#georgia#NA)
(communications_telephone_system_international#georgia#landline to CIS members and Turkey; satellite earth station - 1 Eutelsat; leased connections with other countries via the Moscow international gateway switch; international electronic mail and telex service available)
(communications_radio_broadcast_stations#georgia#AM NA, FM NA, shortwave NA)
(communications_radios#georgia#NA)
(communications_television_broadcast_stations#georgia#3)
(communications_televisions#georgia#NA)
(defense_branches#georgia#Ground Forces, Navy, Air and Air Defense Forces, Republic Security Forces {internal and border troops})
(defense_manpower_availability_males_age_15-49#georgia#1,288,291)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_fit_for_military_service#georgia#1,021,632)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_reach_military_age_{18}_annually#georgia#40,654 {1996 est.})
(defense_defense_expenditures#georgia#exchange rate conversion - $60 million to $65 million, NA% of GDP {1995})
(geography_location#germany#Central Europe, bordering the Baltic Sea and the North Sea, between the Netherlands and Poland, south of Denmark)
(geography_geographic_coordinates#germany#51 00 N, 9 00 E)
(geography_map_references#germany#Europe)
(geography_area_total_area#germany#356,910 sq km)
(geography_area_land_area#germany#349,520 sq km)
(geography_area_comparative_area#germany#slightly smaller than Montana)
(geography_area_note#germany#includes the formerly separate Federal Republic of Germany, the German Democratic Republic, and Berlin, following formal unification on 3 October 1990)
(geography_land_boundaries_total#germany#3,621 km)
(geography_land_boundaries_border_countries#germany#Austria 784 km, Belgium 167 km, Czech Republic 646 km, Denmark 68 km, France 451 km, Luxembourg 138 km, Netherlands 577 km, Poland 456 km, Switzerland 334 km)
(geography_coastline#germany#2,389 km)
(geography_maritime_claims_continental_shelf#germany#200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation)
(geography_maritime_claims_exclusive_economic_zone#germany#200 nm)
(geography_maritime_claims_territorial_sea#germany#12 nm)
(geography_international_disputes#germany#none)
(geography_climate#germany#temperate and marine; cool, cloudy, wet winters and summers; occasional warm, tropical foehn wind; high relative humidity)
(geography_terrain#germany#lowlands in north, uplands in center, Bavarian Alps in south)
(geography_terrain_lowest_point#germany#Freepsum Lake -2 m)
(geography_terrain_highest_point#germany#Zugspitze 2,962 m)
(geography_natural_resources#germany#iron ore, coal, potash, timber, lignite, uranium, copper, natural gas, salt, nickel)
(geography_land_use_arable_land#germany#34%)
(geography_land_use_permanent_crops#germany#1%)
(geography_land_use_meadows_and_pastures#germany#16%)
(geography_land_use_forest_and_woodland#germany#30%)
(geography_land_use_other#germany#19%)
(geography_irrigated_land#germany#4,800 sq km {1989 est.})
(geography_environment_current_issues#germany#emissions from coal-burning utilities and industries and lead emissions from vehicle exhausts {the result of continued use of leaded fuels} contribute to air pollution; acid rain, resulting from sulfur dioxide emissions, is damaging forests; heavy pollution in the Baltic Sea from raw sewage and industrial effluents from rivers in eastern Germany)
(geography_environment_natural_hazards#germany#NA)
(geography_environment_international_agreements#germany#party to - Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Sulphur 85, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Wetlands; signed, but not ratified - Air Pollution-Sulphur 94, Desertification, Tropical Timber 94)
(geography_geographic_note#germany#strategic location on North European Plain and along the entrance to the Baltic Sea)
(people_population#germany#83,536,115 {July 1996 est.})
(people_age_structure_0-14_years#germany#16.15% {male 6,928,750; female 6,563,026})
(people_age_structure_15-64_years#germany#68.52% {male 29,339,780; female 27,902,549})
(people_age_structure_65_years_and_over#germany#15.33% {male 4,658,014; female 8,143,996} {July 1996 est.})
(people_population_growth_rate#germany#0.67% {1996 est.})
(people_birth_rate#germany#9.66 births/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_death_rate#germany#12.21 deaths/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_net_migration_rate#germany#8.25 migrant{s}/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_sex_ratio_at_birth#germany#1.06 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_under_15_years#germany#1.06 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_15-64_years#germany#1.05 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_65_years_and_over#germany#0.57 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_all_ages#germany#0.96 male{s}/female {1996 est.})
(people_infant_mortality_rate#germany#6 deaths/1,000 live births {1996 est.})
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_total_population#germany#75.95 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_male#germany#72.8 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_female#germany#79.27 years {1996 est.})
(people_total_fertility_rate#germany#1.3 children born/woman {1996 est.})
(people_nationality_noun#germany#German{s})
(people_nationality_adjective#germany#German)
(people_ethnic_divisions#germany#German 95.1%, Turkish 2.3%, Italians 0.7%, Greeks 0.4%, Poles 0.4%, other 1.1% {made up largely of people fleeing the war in the former Yugoslavia})
(people_religions#germany#Protestant 45%, Roman Catholic 37%, unaffiliated or other 18%)
(people_languages#germany#German)
(people_literacy#germany#age 15 and over can read and write {1977 est.})
(people_literacy_total_population#germany#99%)
(people_literacy_male#germany#NA%)
(people_literacy_female#germany#NA%)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_long_form#germany#Federal Republic of Germany)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_short_form#germany#Germany)
(government_name_of_country_local_long_form#germany#Bundesrepublik Deutschland)
(government_name_of_country_local_short_form#germany#Deutschland)
(government_data_code#germany#GM)
(government_type_of_government#germany#federal republic)
(government_capital#germany#Berlin)
(government_capital_note#germany#the shift from Bonn to Berlin will take place over a period of years, with Bonn retaining many administrative functions and several ministries)
(government_administrative_divisions#germany#16 states {laender, singular - land}; Baden-Wuerttemberg, Bayern, Berlin, Brandenburg, Bremen, Hamburg, Hessen, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Niedersachsen, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Rheinland-Pfalz, Saarland, Sachsen, Sachsen-Anhalt, Schleswig-Holstein, Thueringen)
(government_independence#germany#18 January 1871 {German Empire unification}; divided into four zones of occupation {UK, US, USSR, and later, France} in 1945 following World War II; Federal Republic of Germany {FRG or West Germany} proclaimed 23 May 1949 and included the former UK, US, and French zones; German Democratic Republic {GDR or East Germany} proclaimed 7 October 1949 and included the former USSR zone; unification of West Germany and East Germany took place 3 October 1990; all four power rights formally relinquished 15 March 1991)
(government_national_holiday#germany#German Unity Day {Day of Unity}, 3 October {1990})
(government_constitution#germany#23 May 1949, known as Basic Law; became constitution of the united German people 3 October 1990)
(government_legal_system#germany#civil law system with indigenous concepts; judicial review of legislative acts in the Federal Constitutional Court; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction)
(government_suffrage#germany#18 years of age; universal)
(government_executive_branch_chief_of_state#germany#President Roman HERZOG {since 1 July 1994} was elected by the Federal Convention including members of the Bundestag and an equal number of members elected by the Land Parliaments)
(government_executive_branch_head_of_government#germany#Chancellor Dr. Helmut KOHL {since 4 October 1982} was elected by an absolute majority of the Bundestag)
(government_executive_branch_cabinet#germany#Cabinet was appointed by the president upon the proposal of the chancellor)
(government_legislative_branch#germany#bicameral chamber {no official name for the two chambers as a whole})
(government_federal_assembly_{bundestag}#germany#election last held 16 October 1994 {next to be held by NA 1998}; results - CDU 34.2%, SPD 36.4%, Alliance 90/Greens 7.3%, CSU 7.3%, FDP 6.9%, PDS 4.4%, Republicans 1.9%; seats - {usually 656 total, but 672 for the 1994 term} CDU 244, SPD 252, Alliance 90/Greens 49, CSU 50, FDP 47, PDS 30; elected by direct popular vote under a system combining direct and proportional representation; a party must win 5% of the national vote or three direct mandates to gain representation)
(government_federal_council_{bundesrat}#germany#State governments are directly represented by votes; each has 3 to 6 votes depending on size and are required to vote as a block; current composition: votes - {68 total} SPD-led states 41, CDU-led states 27)
(government_judicial_branch#germany#Federal Constitutional Court {Bundesverfassungsgericht}, half the judges are elected by the Bundestag and half by the Bundesrat)
(government_political_parties_and_leaders#germany#Christian Democratic Union {CDU}, Helmut KOHL, chairman; Christian Social Union {CSU}, Theo WAIGEL, chairman; Free Democratic Party {FDP}, Wolfgang GERHARDT, chairman; Social Democratic Party {SPD}, Oskar LA FONTAINE, chairman; Alliance '90/Greens, Krista SAGER, Juergen TRITTIN, cochairpersons; Party of Democratic Socialism {PDS}, Lothar BISKY, chairman; Republikaner, Rolf SCHLIERER, chairman; National Democratic Party {NPD}, Ellen-Doris SCHERER; Communist Party {DKP}, Rolf PRIEMER and Heinz STEHR, cochairpersons)
(government_other_political_or_pressure_groups#germany#expellee, refugee, and veterans groups)
(government_international_organization_participation#germany#AfDB, AG {observer}, AsDB, Australia Group, BDEAC, BIS, CBSS, CCC, CDB {non-regional}, CE, CERN, EBRD, ECE, EIB, ESA, EU, FAO, G- 5, G- 7, G-10, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Inmarsat, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, MINURSO, MTCR, NACC, NAM {guest}, NATO, NEA, NSG, OAS {observer}, OECD, OSCE, PCA, UN, UN Security Council {temporary}, UNAMIR, UNCRO, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNITAR, UNOMIG, UNPROFOR, UPU, WEU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO, ZC)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_chief_of_mission#germany#Ambassador Juergen CHROBOG)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_chancery#germany#4645 Reservoir Road NW, Washington, DC 20007)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_telephone#germany#[1] {202} 298-4000)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_fax#germany#[1] {202} 298-4249)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_consulate{s}_general#germany#Atlanta, Boston, Chicago, Detroit, Houston, Los Angeles, Miami, New York, San Francisco, Seattle)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_chief_of_mission#germany#Ambassador Charles E. REDMAN)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_embassy#germany#Deichmanns Aue 29, 53170 Bonn)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_mailing_address#germany#APO AE 09080, PSC 117, Bonn)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_telephone#germany#[49] {228} 3391)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_fax#germany#[49] {228} 339-2663)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_branch_office#germany#Berlin)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_consulate{s}_general#germany#Dusseldorf, Frankfurt, Hamburg, Leipzig, Munich, and Stuttgart)
(government_flag#germany#three equal horizontal bands of black {top}, red, and yellow)
(economy_economic_overview#germany#Germany, the world's third-most powerful economy, faces its own unique problem of bringing its eastern area up to scratch after 45 years of communist rule. Despite substantial progress toward economic integration, the eastern states will continue to rely on subsidies from the federal government into the next century. Assistance to the east of about $100 billion annually has helped the region average nearly 8% annual economic growth since 1991, even though the overall German economy has averaged less than 2% growth. The economic recovery in the east has been led by the construction industries, with growth increasingly supported by the service sectors and light manufacturing industries. Western Germany, which accounts for 90% of overall German GDP and has three times the per capita income of eastern Germany, is perennially the first- or second-largest exporter, after the US, in the world. Nonetheless, business and political leaders have in recent years become increasingly concerned about Germany's apparent decline in attractiveness as a business location. They cite the increasing preference of German companies to locate manufacturing facilities - long the strength of the postwar economy - to foreign countries, including the US, rather than in Germany, so they can be closer to their markets and avoid Germany's high production costs. The conditions under which European economic integration - especially movement toward a single European currency - will proceed will be another key issue facing Germany in the next few years.)
(economy_germany#germany#purchasing power parity - $1.4522 trillion {1995 est.})
(economy_germany_western#germany#purchasing power parity - $1.3318 trillion {1995 est.})
(economy_germany_eastern#germany#purchasing power parity - $120.4 billion {1995 est.})
(economy_germany#germany#1.8% {1995 est.})
(economy_germany_western#germany#1.5% {1995 est.})
(economy_germany_eastern#germany#6.3% {1995 est.})
(economy_germany#germany#$17,900 {1995 est.})
(economy_germany_western#germany#$21,100 {1995 est.})
(economy_germany_eastern#germany#$6,600 {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_agriculture#germany#1%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_industry#germany#34.2%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_services#germany#64.8% {1994})
(economy_inflation_rate_{consumer_prices}_western#germany#2% {1995 est.})
(economy_inflation_rate_{consumer_prices}_eastern#germany#2% {1995 est.})
(economy_labor_force#germany#36.75 million)
(economy_labor_force_by_occupation#germany#industry 41%, agriculture 6%, other 53% {1987})
(economy_unemployment_rate_western#germany#8.7% {December 1995})
(economy_unemployment_rate_eastern#germany#14.9% {December 1995})
(economy_budget_revenues#germany#$690 billion)
(economy_budget_expenditures#germany#$780 billion, including capital expenditures of $96.5 billion {1994})
(economy_industries_western#germany#among world's largest and technologically advanced producers of iron, steel, coal, cement, chemicals, machinery, vehicles, machine tools, electronics, food and beverages)
(economy_industries_eastern#germany#metal fabrication, chemicals, brown coal, shipbuilding, machine building, food and beverages, textiles, petroleum refining)
(economy_industrial_production_growth_rate_western#germany#2.8% {1994})
(economy_industrial_production_growth_rate_eastern#germany#NA%)
(economy_electricity_capacity#germany#115,430,000 kW)
(economy_electricity_production#germany#493 billion kWh)
(economy_electricity_consumption_per_capita#germany#5,683 kWh {1993})
(economy_agriculture_western#germany#potatoes, wheat, barley, sugar beets, fruit, cabbage; cattle, pigs, poultry)
(economy_agriculture_eastern#germany#wheat, rye, barley, potatoes, sugar beets, fruit; pork, beef, chicken, milk, hides)
(economy_illicit_drugs#germany#source of precursor chemicals for South American cocaine processors; transshipment point for Southwest Asian heroin and Latin American cocaine for West European markets)
(economy_exports#germany#$437 billion {f.o.b., 1994})
(economy_exports_commodities#germany#manufactures 89.3% {including machines and machine tools, chemicals, motor vehicles, iron and steel products}, agricultural products 5.5%, raw materials 2.7%, fuels 1.3% {1993})
(economy_exports_partners#germany#EC 47.9% {France 11.7%, Netherlands 7.4%, Italy 7.5%, UK 7.7%, Belgium-Luxembourg 6.6%}, EFTA 15.5%, US 7.7%, Eastern Europe 5.2%, OPEC 3.0% {1993})
(economy_imports#germany#$362 billion {f.o.b., 1994})
(economy_imports_commodities#germany#manufactures 75.1%, agricultural products 10.0%, fuels 8.3%, raw materials 5.0% {1993})
(economy_imports_partners#germany#EC 46.4% {France 11.3%, Netherlands 8.4%, Italy 8.1%, UK 6.0%, Belgium-Luxembourg 5.7%}, EFTA 14.3%, US 7.3%, Japan 6.3%, Eastern Europe 5.1%, OPEC 2.6% {1993})
(economy_external_debt#germany#$NA)
(economy_economic_aid_donor#germany#ODA, $6.954 billion {1993})
(economy_currency#germany#1 deutsche mark {DM} = 100 pfennige)
(economy_exchange_rates#germany#deutsche marks {DM} per US$1 - 1.4617 {January 1996}, 1.4331 {1995}, 1.6228 {1994}, 1.6533 {1993}, 1.5617 {1992}, 1.6595 {1991})
(economy_fiscal_year#germany#calendar year)
(transportation_railways_total#germany#43,966 km)
(transportation_railways_standard_gauge#germany#43,531 km 1.435-m; 40,355 km are owned by Deutsche Bahn AG {DB}; 17,015 km of the DB system are electrified and 16,941 km are double- or more-tracked)
(transportation_railways_narrow_gauge#germany#389 km 1.000-m gauge {DB operates 146 km of 1.000-m gauge}; 7 km 0.900-m gauge; 39 km 0.750-m gauge)
(transportation_railways_note#germany#in addition to the DB system there are 54 privately-owned industrial or excursion railways, ranging in route length from 2 km to 632 km, with a total length of 3,465 km {1995})
(transportation_highways_total#germany#636,282 km)
(transportation_highways_paved#germany#531,018 km {including 10,955 km of expressways})
(transportation_highways_unpaved#germany#105,264 km {1991 est.})
(transportation_waterways_western#germany#5,222 km, of which almost 70% are usable by craft of 1,000-metric-ton capacity or larger; major rivers include the Rhine and Elbe; Kiel Canal is an important connection between the Baltic Sea and North Sea)
(transportation_waterways_eastern#germany#2,319 km {1988})
(transportation_pipelines#germany#crude oil 3,644 km; petroleum products 3,946 km; natural gas 97,564 km {1988})
(transportation_ports#germany#Berlin, Bonn, Brake, Bremen, Bremerhaven, Cologne, Dresden, Duisburg, Emden, Hamburg, Karlsruhe, Kiel, Lubeck, Magdeburg, Mannheim, Rostock, Stuttgart)
(transportation_merchant_marine_total#germany#452 ships {1,000 GRT or over} totaling 5,054,327 GRT/6,367,036 DWT)
(transportation_merchant_marine_ships_by_type#germany#bulk 6, cargo 193, chemical tanker 15, combination bulk 4, combination ore/oil 5, container 166, liquefied gas tanker 12, multifunction large-load carrier 6, oil tanker 11, passenger 3, railcar carrier 3, refrigerated cargo 7, roll-on/roll-off cargo 14, short-sea passenger 7 {1995 est.})
(transportation_airports_total#germany#617)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_over_3,047_m#germany#13)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_2,438_to_3,047_m#germany#65)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_1,524_to_2,437_m#germany#67)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_914_to_1,523_m#germany#51)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_under_914_m#germany#351)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_over_3,047_m#germany#2)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_2,438_to_3,047_m#germany#6)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_1,524_to_2,437_m#germany#7)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_914_to_1,523_m#germany#55 {1995 est.})
(transportation_heliports#germany#55 {1995 est.})
(communications_telephones#germany#44 million)
(communications_telephone_system#germany#Germany has one of the world's most technologically advanced telecommunications systems; as a result of intensive capital expenditures since reunification, the formerly backward system of the eastern part of the country is being rapidly modernized and integrated with that of the western part)
(communications_telephone_system_domestic#germany#the region which was formerly West Germany is served by an extensive system of automatic telephone exchanges connected by modern networks of fiber-optic cable, coaxial cable, microwave radio relay, and a domestic satellite system; cellular telephone service is widely available and includes roaming service to many foreign countries; since the reunification of Germany, the telephone system of the eastern region has been upgraded and enjoys many of the advantages of the national system)
(communications_telephone_system_international#germany#satellite earth stations - 14 Intelsat {12 Atlantic Ocean and 2 Indian Ocean}, 1 Eutelsat, 1 Inmarsat {Atlantic Ocean region}, 2 Intersputnik {1 Atlantic Ocean region and 1 Indian Ocean region}; 6 submarine cable connections; 2 HF radiotelephone communication centers; tropospheric scatter links)
(communications_radio_broadcast_stations_western#germany#AM 80, FM 470, shortwave 0)
(communications_radio_broadcast_stations_eastern#germany#AM 23, FM 17, shortwave 0)
(communications_radios#germany#70 million {1991 est.})
(communications_television_broadcast_stations#germany#246 {repeaters 6,000}; note - there are 15 Russian repeaters in eastern Germany)
(communications_televisions#germany#44.8 million {1992 est.})
(defense_branches#germany#Army, Navy {includes Naval Air Arm}, Air Force, Border Police, Coast Guard)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_age_15-49#germany#21,540,919)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_fit_for_military_service#germany#18,537,347)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_reach_military_age_{18}_annually#germany#449,292 {1996 est.})
(defense_defense_expenditures#germany#exchange rate conversion - $42.8 billion, 1.5% of GDP {1995})
(geography_location#ghana#Western Africa, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean, between Cote d'Ivoire and Togo)
(geography_geographic_coordinates#ghana#8 00 N, 2 00 W)
(geography_map_references#ghana#Africa)
(geography_area_total_area#ghana#238,540 sq km)
(geography_area_land_area#ghana#230,020 sq km)
(geography_area_comparative_area#ghana#slightly smaller than Oregon)
(geography_land_boundaries_total#ghana#2,093 km)
(geography_land_boundaries_border_countries#ghana#Burkina Faso 548 km, Cote d'Ivoire 668 km, Togo 877 km)
(geography_coastline#ghana#539 km)
(geography_maritime_claims_contiguous_zone#ghana#24 nm)
(geography_maritime_claims_continental_shelf#ghana#200 nm)
(geography_maritime_claims_exclusive_economic_zone#ghana#200 nm)
(geography_maritime_claims_territorial_sea#ghana#12 nm)
(geography_international_disputes#ghana#none)
(geography_climate#ghana#tropical; warm and comparatively dry along southeast coast; hot and humid in southwest; hot and dry in north)
(geography_terrain#ghana#mostly low plains with dissected plateau in south-central area)
(geography_terrain_lowest_point#ghana#Atlantic Ocean 0 m)
(geography_terrain_highest_point#ghana#Mount Afadjato 880 m)
(geography_natural_resources#ghana#gold, timber, industrial diamonds, bauxite, manganese, fish, rubber)
(geography_land_use_arable_land#ghana#5%)
(geography_land_use_permanent_crops#ghana#7%)
(geography_land_use_meadows_and_pastures#ghana#15%)
(geography_land_use_forest_and_woodland#ghana#37%)
(geography_land_use_other#ghana#36%)
(geography_irrigated_land#ghana#80 sq km {1989})
(geography_environment_current_issues#ghana#recent drought in north severely affecting agricultural activities; deforestation; overgrazing; soil erosion; poaching and habitat destruction threatens wildlife populations; water pollution; inadequate supplies of potable water)
(geography_environment_natural_hazards#ghana#dry, dusty, harmattan winds occur from January to March; droughts)
(geography_environment_international_agreements#ghana#party to - Biodiversity, Climate Change, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Law of the Sea, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling; signed, but not ratified - Desertification, Marine Life Conservation)
(geography_geographic_note#ghana#Lake Volta is the world's largest artificial lake; northeasterly harmattan wind {January to March})
(people_population#ghana#17,698,271 {July 1996 est.})
(people_age_structure_0-14_years#ghana#43% {male 3,856,673; female 3,819,946})
(people_age_structure_15-64_years#ghana#54% {male 4,658,142; female 4,814,060})
(people_age_structure_65_years_and_over#ghana#3% {male 262,159; female 287,291} {July 1996 est.})
(people_population_growth_rate#ghana#2.29% {1996 est.})
(people_birth_rate#ghana#35 births/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_death_rate#ghana#11.15 deaths/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_net_migration_rate#ghana#-0.94 migrant{s}/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_sex_ratio_at_birth#ghana#1.03 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_under_15_years#ghana#1.01 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_15-64_years#ghana#0.97 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_65_years_and_over#ghana#0.91 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_all_ages#ghana#0.98 male{s}/female {1996 est.})
(people_infant_mortality_rate#ghana#80.3 deaths/1,000 live births {1996 est.})
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_total_population#ghana#56.17 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_male#ghana#54.18 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_female#ghana#58.22 years {1996 est.})
(people_total_fertility_rate#ghana#4.59 children born/woman {1996 est.})
(people_nationality_noun#ghana#Ghanaian{s})
(people_nationality_adjective#ghana#Ghanaian)
(people_ethnic_divisions#ghana#black African 99.8% {major tribes - Akan 44%, Moshi-Dagomba 16%, Ewe 13%, Ga 8%}, European and other 0.2%)
(people_religions#ghana#indigenous beliefs 38%, Muslim 30%, Christian 24%, other 8%)
(people_languages#ghana#English {official}, African languages {including Akan, Moshi-Dagomba, Ewe, and Ga})
(people_literacy#ghana#age 15 and over can read and write {1995 est.})
(people_literacy_total_population#ghana#64.5%)
(people_literacy_male#ghana#75.9%)
(people_literacy_female#ghana#53.5%)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_long_form#ghana#Republic of Ghana)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_short_form#ghana#Ghana)
(government_name_of_country_former#ghana#Gold Coast)
(government_data_code#ghana#GH)
(government_type_of_government#ghana#constitutional democracy)
(government_capital#ghana#Accra)
(government_administrative_divisions#ghana#10 regions; Ashanti, Brong-Ahafo, Central, Eastern, Greater Accra, Northern, Upper East, Upper West, Volta, Western)
(government_independence#ghana#6 March 1957 {from UK})
(government_national_holiday#ghana#Independence Day, 6 March {1957})
(government_constitution#ghana#new constitution approved 28 April 1992)
(government_legal_system#ghana#based on English common law and customary law; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction)
(government_suffrage#ghana#18 years of age; universal)
(government_executive_branch_chief_of_state_and_head_of_government#ghana#President Jerry John RAWLINGS {since 3 November 1992}; elected for a four-year term by direct universal suffrage; the president can appoint a vice president; election last held 3 November 1992 {next to be held NA December 1996})
(government_executive_branch_cabinet#ghana#Cabinet; president nominates members subject to approval by the Parliament)
(government_legislative_branch#ghana#unicameral)
(government_parliament#ghana#elections last held 29 December 1992 {next to be held NA December 1996}; results - opposition boycotted the election, the National Democratic Congress won 198 of the total 200 seats and 2 seats were won by independents; because of interim bye-elections, the National Democratic Congress and its remaining coalition partner, Every Ghanian Living Everywhere {EGLE}, now control 189 seats; former coalition partner, NCP, has 8 seats; independents hold 3)
(government_judicial_branch#ghana#Supreme Court)
(government_political_parties_and_leaders#ghana#National Democratic Congress {NDC}, Jerry John RAWLINGS; New Patriotic Party {NPP}, Peter Ala ADJETY; People's Heritage Party {PHP}, Alex ERSKINE; National Convention Party {NCP}, Kow ARKAAH; Every Ghanian Living Everywhere {EGLE}, Ashang OKINE; Peoples Convention Party {PCP}, B.K. NKETSIA; Peoples National Convention {PNC}, Alhaji Asuma BANDA)
(government_international_organization_participation#ghana#ACP, AfDB, C, CCC, ECA, ECOWAS, FAO, G-24, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, IOM {observer}, ITU, MINURSO, NAM, OAU, UN, UNAMIR, UNCRO, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNIFIL, UNIKOM, UNPREDEP, UNPROFOR, UNU, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_chief_of_mission#ghana#Ambassador Ekwow SPIO-GARBRAH)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_chancery#ghana#3512 International Drive NW, Washington, DC 20008)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_telephone#ghana#[1] {202} 686-4520)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_fax#ghana#[1] {202} 686-4527)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_consulate{s}_general#ghana#New York)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_chief_of_mission#ghana#Ambassador Edward BRYNN)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_embassy#ghana#Ring Road East, East of Danquah Circle, Accra)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_mailing_address#ghana#P. O. Box 194, Accra)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_telephone#ghana#[233] {21} 775348)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_fax#ghana#[233] {21} 775747)
(government_flag#ghana#three equal horizontal bands of red {top}, yellow, and green with a large black five-pointed star centered in the yellow band; uses the popular pan-African colors of Ethiopia; similar to the flag of Bolivia, which has a coat of arms centered in the yellow band)
(economy_economic_overview#ghana#Well endowed with natural resources, Ghana has twice the per capita output of the poorer countries in West Africa. Heavily reliant on international assistance, Ghana has made steady progress in liberalizing its economy since 1983. Overall growth continued at a rate of approximately 5% in 1995, due largely to increased gold, timber, and cocoa production - major sources of foreign exchange. The economy, however, continues to revolve around subsistence agriculture, which accounts for almost half of GDP and employs 55% of the work force, mainly small landholders. Public sector wage increases, regional peacekeeping commitments, and the containment of internal unrest in the underdeveloped north have placed substantial demands on the government's budget and have led to inflationary deficit financing, depreciation of the cedi, and rising public discontent with Ghana's austerity program.)
(economy_gdp#ghana#purchasing power parity - $25.1 billion {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_real_growth_rate#ghana#5% {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_per_capita#ghana#$1,400 {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_agriculture#ghana#47%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_industry#ghana#16%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_services#ghana#37% {1994 est.})
(economy_inflation_rate_{consumer_prices}#ghana#69% {1995 est.})
(economy_labor_force#ghana#3.7 million)
(economy_labor_force_by_occupation#ghana#agriculture and fishing 54.7%, industry 18.7%, sales and clerical 15.2%, professional 3.7%, services, transportation, and communications 7.7%)
(economy_unemployment_rate#ghana#10% {1993 est.})
(economy_budget_revenues#ghana#$1.05 billion)
(economy_budget_expenditures#ghana#$1.2 billion, including capital expenditures of $178 million {1993})
(economy_industries#ghana#mining, lumbering, light manufacturing, aluminum, food processing)
(economy_industrial_production_growth_rate#ghana#2.8% {1994 est.})
(economy_electricity_capacity#ghana#1,180,000 kW)
(economy_electricity_production#ghana#6.1 billion kWh)
(economy_electricity_consumption_per_capita#ghana#323 kWh {1993})
(economy_agriculture#ghana#cocoa, rice, coffee, cassava {tapioca}, peanuts, corn, shea nuts, bananas; timber)
(economy_illicit_drugs#ghana#illicit producer of cannabis for the international drug trade; transit hub for Southwest and Southeast Asian heroin destined for Europe and the US)
(economy_exports#ghana#$1 billion {f.o.b., 1993 est.})
(economy_exports_commodities#ghana#cocoa 40%, gold, timber, tuna, bauxite, aluminum, manganese ore, and diamonds)
(economy_exports_partners#ghana#Germany , US , UK , Netherlands , Japan {1995})
(economy_imports#ghana#$1.7 billion {f.o.b., 1993 est.})
(economy_imports_commodities#ghana#petroleum, consumer goods, foods, intermediate goods, capital equipment)
(economy_imports_partners#ghana#UK, US, Germany, Japan, Netherlands {1995})
(economy_external_debt#ghana#$4.6 billion {December 1993 est.})
(economy_economic_aid_recipient#ghana#ODA, $472 million {1993})
(economy_currency#ghana#1 new cedi {C} = 100 pesewas)
(economy_exchange_rates#ghana#new cedis per US$1 - 1,246.11 {September 1995}, 956.71 {1994}, 649.06 {1993}, 437.09 {1992}, 367.83 {1991})
(economy_fiscal_year#ghana#calendar year)
(transportation_railways_total#ghana#953 km; note - undergoing major renovation {1995 est.})
(transportation_railways_narrow_gauge#ghana#953 km 1.067-m gauge; 32 km double track)
(transportation_highways_total#ghana#38,145 km)
(transportation_highways_paved#ghana#7,476 km {including 21 km of expressways})
(transportation_highways_unpaved#ghana#30,669 km {1990 est.})
(transportation_waterways#ghana#Volta, Ankobra, and Tano Rivers provide 168 km of perennial navigation for launches and lighters; Lake Volta provides 1,125 km of arterial and feeder waterways)
(transportation_pipelines#ghana#none)
(transportation_ports#ghana#Takoradi, Tema)
(transportation_merchant_marine_total#ghana#3 ships {1,000 GRT or over} totaling 27,427 GRT/35,894 DWT)
(transportation_merchant_marine_ships_by_type#ghana#cargo 2, refrigerated cargo 1 {1995 est.})
(transportation_airports_total#ghana#12)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_2,438_to_3,047_m#ghana#3)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_1,524_to_2,437_m#ghana#1)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_914_to_1,523_m#ghana#2)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_under_914_m#ghana#2)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_1,524_to_2,437_m#ghana#2)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_914_to_1,523_m#ghana#2 {1995 est.})
(communications_telephones#ghana#70,000 {1988 est.})
(communications_telephone_system#ghana#poor to fair system)
(communications_telephone_system_domestic#ghana#primarily microwave radio relay)
(communications_telephone_system_international#ghana#satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat {Atlantic Ocean})
(communications_radio_broadcast_stations#ghana#AM 4, FM 1, shortwave 0)
(communications_radios#ghana#NA)
(communications_television_broadcast_stations#ghana#4 {repeaters 8})
(communications_televisions#ghana#250,000 {1993 est.})
(defense_branches#ghana#Army, Navy, Air Force, Police Force, Palace Guard, Civil Defense)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_age_15-49#ghana#4,135,538)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_fit_for_military_service#ghana#2,303,423)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_reach_military_age_{18}_annually#ghana#176,332 {1996 est.})
(defense_defense_expenditures#ghana#exchange rate conversion - $30 million, 0.8% of GDP {1994})
(header_affiliation#gibraltar#{dependent territory of the UK})
(geography_location#gibraltar#Southwestern Europe, bordering the Strait of Gibraltar, which links the Mediterranean Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean, on the southern coast of Spain)
(geography_geographic_coordinates#gibraltar#36 11 N, 5 22 W)
(geography_map_references#gibraltar#Europe)
(geography_area_total_area#gibraltar#6.5 sq km)
(geography_area_land_area#gibraltar#6.5 sq km)
(geography_area_comparative_area#gibraltar#about 11 times the size of The Mall in Washington, DC)
(geography_land_boundaries_total#gibraltar#1.2 km)
(geography_land_boundaries_border_country#gibraltar#Spain 1.2 km)
(geography_coastline#gibraltar#12 km)
(geography_maritime_claims_territorial_sea#gibraltar#3 nm)
(geography_international_disputes#gibraltar#source of friction between Spain and the UK)
(geography_climate#gibraltar#Mediterranean with mild winters and warm summers)
(geography_terrain#gibraltar#a narrow coastal lowland borders the Rock of Gibraltar)
(geography_terrain_lowest_point#gibraltar#Mediterranean Sea 0 m)
(geography_terrain_highest_point#gibraltar#Rock of Gibraltar 426 m)
(geography_natural_resources#gibraltar#NEGL)
(geography_land_use_arable_land#gibraltar#0%)
(geography_land_use_permanent_crops#gibraltar#0%)
(geography_land_use_meadows_and_pastures#gibraltar#0%)
(geography_land_use_forest_and_woodland#gibraltar#0%)
(geography_land_use_other#gibraltar#100%)
(geography_irrigated_land#gibraltar#NA sq km)
(geography_environment_current_issues#gibraltar#limited natural freshwater resources, so large concrete or natural rock water catchments collect rain water)
(geography_environment_natural_hazards#gibraltar#NA)
(geography_environment_international_agreements#gibraltar#NA)
(geography_geographic_note#gibraltar#strategic location on Strait of Gibraltar that links the North Atlantic Ocean and Mediterranean Sea)
(people_population#gibraltar#28,765 {July 1996 est.})
(people_age_structure_0-14_years#gibraltar#20% {male 3,109; female 2,728})
(people_age_structure_15-64_years#gibraltar#66% {male 10,668; female 8,292})
(people_age_structure_65_years_and_over#gibraltar#14% {male 1,582; female 2,386} {July 1996 est.})
(people_population_growth_rate#gibraltar#0.54% {1996 est.})
(people_birth_rate#gibraltar#13.94 births/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_death_rate#gibraltar#8.73 deaths/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_net_migration_rate#gibraltar#0.21 migrant{s}/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_sex_ratio_at_birth#gibraltar#1.04 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_under_15_years#gibraltar#1.14 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_15-64_years#gibraltar#1.29 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_65_years_and_over#gibraltar#0.66 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_all_ages#gibraltar#1.15 male{s}/female {1996 est.})
(people_infant_mortality_rate#gibraltar#6.9 deaths/1,000 live births {1996 est.})
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_total_population#gibraltar#77.83 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_male#gibraltar#74.5 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_female#gibraltar#81.31 years {1996 est.})
(people_total_fertility_rate#gibraltar#2.26 children born/woman {1996 est.})
(people_nationality_noun#gibraltar#Gibraltarian{s})
(people_nationality_adjective#gibraltar#Gibraltar)
(people_ethnic_divisions#gibraltar#Italian, English, Maltese, Portuguese, Spanish)
(people_religions#gibraltar#Roman Catholic 74%, Protestant 11% {Church of England 8%, other 3%}, Muslim 8%, Jewish 2%, none or other 5% {1981})
(people_languages#gibraltar#English {used in schools and for official purposes}, Spanish, Italian, Portuguese, Russian)
(people_literacy#gibraltar#NA)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_long_form#gibraltar#none)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_short_form#gibraltar#Gibraltar)
(government_data_code#gibraltar#GI)
(government_type_of_government#gibraltar#dependent territory of the UK)
(government_capital#gibraltar#Gibraltar)
(government_administrative_divisions#gibraltar#none {dependent territory of the UK})
(government_independence#gibraltar#none {dependent territory of the UK})
(government_national_holiday#gibraltar#Commonwealth Day {second Monday of March})
(government_constitution#gibraltar#30 May 1969)
(government_legal_system#gibraltar#English law)
(government_suffrage#gibraltar#18 years of age; universal, plus other UK subjects resident six months or more)
(government_executive_branch_chief_of_state#gibraltar#Queen ELIZABETH II {of the United Kingdom since 6 February 1952}, a hereditary monarch, is represented by Governor and Commander in Chief Field Marshal Sir John CHAPPLE {since NA March 1993})
(government_executive_branch_head_of_government#gibraltar#Chief Minister Joe BOSSANO {since 25 March 1988} was appointed by the governor)
(government_gibraltar_council#gibraltar#advises the governor)
(government_gibraltar_council_cabinet#gibraltar#Council of Ministers was appointed from the elected members of the House of Assembly by the governor in consultation with the chief minister)
(government_legislative_branch#gibraltar#unicameral)
(government_house_of_assembly#gibraltar#elections last held 16 January 1992 {next to be held NA January 1996}; results - SL 73.3%, SD 20.2%, NP 4.7%, independents 1.8%; seats - {18 total, 15 elected} SL 8, SD 7)
(government_judicial_branch#gibraltar#Supreme Court; Court of Appeal)
(government_political_parties_and_leaders#gibraltar#Gibraltar Socialist Labor Party {SL}, Joe BOSSANO; Gibraltar Labor Party/Association for the Advancement of Civil Rights {GCL/AACR}, leader Adolfo CANEPA; Gibraltar Social Democrats {SD}, Peter CARUANA; Gibraltar National Party {NP}, Joe GARCIA)
(government_other_political_or_pressure_groups#gibraltar#Housewives Association; Chamber of Commerce; Gibraltar Representatives Organization)
(government_international_organization_participation#gibraltar#Interpol {subbureau})
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us#gibraltar#none {dependent territory of the UK})
(government_us_diplomatic_representation#gibraltar#none {dependent territory of the UK})
(government_flag#gibraltar#two horizontal bands of white {top, double width} and red with a three-towered red castle in the center of the white band; hanging from the castle gate is a gold key centered in the red band)
(economy_economic_overview#gibraltar#Gibraltar benefits from an extensive shipping trade and offshore banking. The British military presence has been sharply reduced and now contributes about 11% to the local economy. The financial sector accounts for 15% of GDP; tourism, shipping services fees, and duties on consumer goods also generate revenue. Because more than 70% of the economy is in the public sector, changes in government spending have a major impact on the level of employment.)
(economy_gdp#gibraltar#purchasing power parity - $205 million {1993 est.})
(economy_gdp_real_growth_rate#gibraltar#NA%)
(economy_gdp_per_capita#gibraltar#$6,600 {1993 est.})
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_agriculture#gibraltar#NA%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_industry#gibraltar#NA%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_services#gibraltar#NA%)
(economy_inflation_rate_{consumer_prices}#gibraltar#NA%)
(economy_labor_force#gibraltar#14,800 {including non-Gibraltar laborers})
(economy_labor_force_note#gibraltar#UK military establishments and civil government employ nearly 50% of the labor force)
(economy_unemployment_rate#gibraltar#NA%)
(economy_budget_revenues#gibraltar#$116 million)
(economy_budget_expenditures#gibraltar#$124 million, including capital expenditures of $NA {1992-93})
(economy_industries#gibraltar#tourism, banking and finance, construction, commerce; support to large UK naval and air bases; tobacco, mineral waters, beer, canned fish)
(economy_industrial_production_growth_rate#gibraltar#NA%)
(economy_electricity_capacity#gibraltar#47,000 kW)
(economy_electricity_production#gibraltar#90 million kWh)
(economy_electricity_consumption_per_capita#gibraltar#2,539 kWh {1993})
(economy_agriculture#gibraltar#none)
(economy_exports#gibraltar#$57 million {f.o.b., 1992})
(economy_exports_commodities#gibraltar#{principally reexports} petroleum 51%, manufactured goods 41%, other 8%)
(economy_exports_partners#gibraltar#UK, Morocco, Portugal, Netherlands, Spain, US, FRG)
(economy_imports#gibraltar#$420 million {c.i.f., 1992})
(economy_imports_commodities#gibraltar#fuels, manufactured goods, and foodstuffs)
(economy_imports_partners#gibraltar#UK, Spain, Japan, Netherlands)
(economy_external_debt#gibraltar#$318 million {1987})
(economy_economic_aid_recipient#gibraltar#ODA, $NA)
(economy_currency#gibraltar#1 Gibraltar pound {úG} = 100 pence)
(economy_exchange_rates#gibraltar#Gibraltar pounds {úG} per US$1 - 0.6535 {January 1996}, 0.6335 {1995}, 0.6529 {1994}, 0.6658 {1993}, 0.5664 {1992}, 0.5652 {1991}; note - the Gibraltar pound is at par with the British pound)
(economy_fiscal_year#gibraltar#1 July - 30 June)
(transportation_railways_total#gibraltar#NA km; 1.000-m gauge system in dockyard area only)
(transportation_highways#gibraltar#49.9 km {including 12.9 km public highways})
(transportation_highways_paved#gibraltar#49.9 km)
(transportation_highways_unpaved#gibraltar#0 km)
(transportation_pipelines#gibraltar#none)
(transportation_ports#gibraltar#Gibraltar)
(transportation_merchant_marine_total#gibraltar#19 ships {1,000 GRT or over} totaling 357,730 GRT/635,769 DWT)
(transportation_merchant_marine_ships_by_type#gibraltar#bulk 1, cargo 3, chemical tanker 1, container 1, oil tanker 13 {1995 est.})
(transportation_airports_total#gibraltar#1)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_1,524_to_2,437_m#gibraltar#1 {1995 est.})
(communications_telephones#gibraltar#19,529 {1993 est.})
(communications_telephone_system#gibraltar#adequate, automatic domestic system and adequate international facilities)
(communications_telephone_system_domestic#gibraltar#automatic exchange facilities)
(communications_telephone_system_international#gibraltar#radiotelephone; microwave radio relay; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat {Atlantic Ocean})
(communications_radio_broadcast_stations#gibraltar#AM 1, FM 6, shortwave 0)
(communications_radios#gibraltar#NA)
(communications_television_broadcast_stations#gibraltar#4)
(communications_televisions#gibraltar#NA)
(defense_branches#gibraltar#British Army, Royal Navy, Royal Air Force)
(defense_defense_note#gibraltar#defense is the responsibility of the UK)
(header_affiliation#glorioso_islands#{possession of France})
(geography_location#glorioso_islands#Southern Africa, group of islands in the Indian Ocean, northwest of Madagascar)
(geography_geographic_coordinates#glorioso_islands#11 30 S, 47 20 E)
(geography_map_references#glorioso_islands#Africa)
(geography_area_total_area#glorioso_islands#5 sq km)
(geography_area_land_area#glorioso_islands#5 sq km)
(geography_area_comparative_area#glorioso_islands#about eight times the size of The Mall in Washington, DC)
(geography_area_note#glorioso_islands#includes Ile Glorieuse, Ile du Lys, Verte Rocks, Wreck Rock, and South Rock)
(geography_land_boundaries#glorioso_islands#0 km)
(geography_coastline#glorioso_islands#35.2 km)
(geography_maritime_claims_exclusive_economic_zone#glorioso_islands#200 nm)
(geography_maritime_claims_territorial_sea#glorioso_islands#12 nm)
(geography_international_disputes#glorioso_islands#claimed by Madagascar)
(geography_climate#glorioso_islands#tropical)
(geography_terrain#glorioso_islands#NA)
(geography_terrain_lowest_point#glorioso_islands#Indian Ocean 0 m)
(geography_terrain_highest_point#glorioso_islands#unnamed location 12 m)
(geography_natural_resources#glorioso_islands#guano, coconuts)
(geography_land_use_arable_land#glorioso_islands#0%)
(geography_land_use_permanent_crops#glorioso_islands#0%)
(geography_land_use_meadows_and_pastures#glorioso_islands#0%)
(geography_land_use_forest_and_woodland#glorioso_islands#0%)
(geography_land_use_other#glorioso_islands#100% {all lush vegetation and coconut palms})
(geography_irrigated_land#glorioso_islands#0 sq km)
(geography_environment_current_issues#glorioso_islands#NA)
(geography_environment_natural_hazards#glorioso_islands#periodic cyclones)
(geography_environment_international_agreements#glorioso_islands#NA)
(people_population#glorioso_islands#uninhabited)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_long_form#glorioso_islands#none)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_short_form#glorioso_islands#Glorioso Islands)
(government_name_of_country_local_long_form#glorioso_islands#none)
(government_name_of_country_local_short_form#glorioso_islands#Iles Glorieuses)
(government_data_code#glorioso_islands#GO)
(government_type_of_government#glorioso_islands#French possession administered by Commissioner of the Republic, resident in Reunion)
(government_capital#glorioso_islands#none; administered by France from Reunion)
(government_independence#glorioso_islands#none {possession of France})
(government_flag#glorioso_islands#the flag of France is used)
(economy_economic_overview#glorioso_islands#no economic activity)
(transportation_ports#glorioso_islands#none; offshore anchorage only)
(transportation_airports_total#glorioso_islands#1)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_914_to_1,523_m#glorioso_islands#1 {1995 est.})
(defense_defense_note#glorioso_islands#defense is the responsibility of France)
(geography_location#greece#Southern Europe, bordering the Aegean Sea, Ionian Sea, and the Mediterranean Sea, between Albania and Turkey)
(geography_geographic_coordinates#greece#39 00 N, 22 00 E)
(geography_map_references#greece#Europe)
(geography_area_total_area#greece#131,940 sq km)
(geography_area_land_area#greece#130,800 sq km)
(geography_area_comparative_area#greece#slightly smaller than Alabama)
(geography_land_boundaries_total#greece#1,210 km)
(geography_land_boundaries_border_countries#greece#Albania 282 km, Bulgaria 494 km, Turkey 206 km, The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia 228 km)
(geography_coastline#greece#13,676 km)
(geography_maritime_claims_continental_shelf#greece#200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation)
(geography_maritime_claims_territorial_sea#greece#6 nm)
(geography_international_disputes#greece#complex maritime, air, and territorial disputes with Turkey in Aegean Sea; Cyprus question; dispute with The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia over name; border demarcation with Albania, the treatment of Albania's ethnic Greek minority, and migrant Albanian workers in Greece remain unresolved issues)
(geography_climate#greece#temperate; mild, wet winters; hot, dry summers)
(geography_terrain#greece#mostly mountains with ranges extending into sea as peninsulas or chains of islands)
(geography_terrain_lowest_point#greece#Mediterranean Sea 0 m)
(geography_terrain_highest_point#greece#Mount Olympus 2,917 m)
(geography_natural_resources#greece#bauxite, lignite, magnesite, petroleum, marble)
(geography_land_use_arable_land#greece#23%)
(geography_land_use_permanent_crops#greece#8%)
(geography_land_use_meadows_and_pastures#greece#40%)
(geography_land_use_forest_and_woodland#greece#20%)
(geography_land_use_other#greece#9%)
(geography_irrigated_land#greece#11,900 sq km {1989 est.})
(geography_environment_current_issues#greece#air pollution; water pollution)
(geography_environment_natural_hazards#greece#severe earthquakes)
(geography_environment_international_agreements#greece#party to - Air Pollution, Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Wetlands; signed, but not ratified - Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Sulphur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Desertification)
(geography_geographic_note#greece#strategic location dominating the Aegean Sea and southern approach to Turkish Straits; a peninsular country, possessing an archipelago of about 2,000 islands)
(people_population#greece#10,538,594 {July 1996 est.})
(people_age_structure_0-14_years#greece#16% {male 899,029; female 837,308})
(people_age_structure_15-64_years#greece#68% {male 3,571,918; female 3,542,556})
(people_age_structure_65_years_and_over#greece#16% {male 736,818; female 950,965} {July 1996 est.})
(people_population_growth_rate#greece#0.42% {1996 est.})
(people_birth_rate#greece#9.78 births/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_death_rate#greece#9.53 deaths/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_net_migration_rate#greece#3.98 migrant{s}/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_sex_ratio_at_birth#greece#1.07 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_under_15_years#greece#1.07 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_15-64_years#greece#1.01 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_65_years_and_over#greece#0.78 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_all_ages#greece#0.98 male{s}/female {1996 est.})
(people_infant_mortality_rate#greece#7.4 deaths/1,000 live births {1996 est.})
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_total_population#greece#78.1 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_male#greece#75.6 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_female#greece#80.78 years {1996 est.})
(people_total_fertility_rate#greece#1.37 children born/woman {1996 est.})
(people_nationality_noun#greece#Greek{s})
(people_nationality_adjective#greece#Greek)
(people_ethnic_divisions#greece#Greek 98%, other 2%)
(people_ethnic_divisions_note#greece#the Greek Government states there are no ethnic divisions in Greece)
(people_religions#greece#Greek Orthodox 98%, Muslim 1.3%, other 0.7%)
(people_languages#greece#Greek {official}, English, French)
(people_literacy#greece#age 15 and over can read and write {1991 est.})
(people_literacy_total_population#greece#95%)
(people_literacy_male#greece#98%)
(people_literacy_female#greece#93%)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_long_form#greece#Hellenic Republic)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_short_form#greece#Greece)
(government_name_of_country_local_long_form#greece#Elliniki Dhimokratia)
(government_name_of_country_local_short_form#greece#Ellas)
(government_name_of_country_former#greece#Kingdom of Greece)
(government_data_code#greece#GR)
(government_type_of_government#greece#parliamentary republic; monarchy rejected by referendum 8 December 1974)
(government_capital#greece#Athens)
(government_administrative_divisions#greece#51 prefectures {nomoi, singular - nomos}and 1 autonomous region*; Ayion Oros* {Mt. Athos}, Aitolia kai Akarnania, Akhaia, Argolis, Arkadhia, Arta, Attiki, Dhodhekanisos, Drama, Evritania, Evros, Evvoia, Florina, Fokis, Fthiotis, Grevena, Ilia, Imathia, Ioannina, Iraklion, Kardhitsa, Kastoria, Kavala, Kefallinia, Kerkira, Khalkidhiki, Khania, Khios, Kikladhes, Kilkis, Korinthia, Kozani, Lakonia, Larisa, Lasithi, Lesvos, Levkas, Magnisia, Messinia, Pella, Pieria, Preveza, Rethimni, Rodhopi, Samos, Serrai, Thesprotia, Thessaloniki, Trikala, Voiotia, Xanthi, Zakinthos)
(government_independence#greece#1829 {from the Ottoman Empire})
(government_national_holiday#greece#Independence Day, 25 March {1821} {proclamation of the war of independence})
(government_constitution#greece#11 June 1975)
(government_legal_system#greece#based on codified Roman law; judiciary divided into civil, criminal, and administrative courts)
(government_suffrage#greece#18 years of age; universal and compulsory)
(government_executive_branch_chief_of_state#greece#President Konstandinos {Kostis} STEPHANOPOULOS {since 10 March 1995} was elected for a five-year term by Parliament; election last held 10 March 1995 {next to be held by NA 2000}; results - Konstandinos STEPHANOPOULOS was elected by Parliament)
(government_executive_branch_head_of_government#greece#Prime Minister Konstandinos SIMITIS {since 19 January 1996} was appointed by the president)
(government_executive_branch_cabinet#greece#Cabinet was appointed by the president on recommendation of the prime minister)
(government_legislative_branch#greece#unicameral)
(government_chamber_of_deputies_{vouli_ton_ellinon}#greece#elections last held 10 October 1993 {next to be held by NA October 1997}; results - PASOK 46.88%, ND 39.30%, Political Spring 4.87%, KKE 4.54%, and Progressive Left {replaced by Coalition of the Left and Progress} 2.94%; seats - {300 total} PASOK 170, ND 111, Political Spring 10, KKE 9; note - seating as of January 1996: PASOK 170, ND 109, Political Spring 11, KKE 9, independent 1)
(government_judicial_branch#greece#Supreme Judicial Court, judges appointed for life by the president after consultation with a judicial council; Special Supreme Tribunal, judges appointed for life by the president after consultation with a judicial council)
(government_political_parties_and_leaders#greece#New Democracy {ND; conservative}, Miltiades EVERT; Panhellenic Socialist Movement {PASOK}, Andreas PAPANDREOU {special congress scheduled for July 1996}; Communist Party {KKE}, Aleka PAPARIGA; Political Spring, Andonios SAMARAS; Coalition of the Left and Progress {Synaspismos}, Nikolaos KONSTANDOPOULOS; Democratic Social Movement {DIKKI}, Dhimitrios TSOVOLAS; Rainbow Coalition, Pavlos VOSKOPOULOS)
(government_international_organization_participation#greece#Australia Group, BIS, BSEC, CCC, CE, CERN, EBRD, ECE, EIB, EU, FAO, G- 6, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Inmarsat, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, MINURSO, MTCR, NACC, NAM {guest}, NATO, NEA, NSG, OAS {observer}, OECD, OSCE, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIKOM, UNOMIG, UPU, WEU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO, ZC)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_chief_of_mission#greece#Ambassador Loukas TSILAS)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_chancery#greece#2221 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_telephone#greece#[1] {202} 939-5800)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_fax#greece#[1] {202} 939-5824)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_consulate{s}_general#greece#Boston, Chicago, Los Angeles, New York, and San Francisco)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_consulate{s}#greece#Atlanta, Houston, and New Orleans)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_chief_of_mission#greece#Ambassador Thomas M.T. NILES)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_embassy#greece#91 Vasilissis Sophias Boulevard, 10160 Athens)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_mailing_address#greece#PSC 108, APO AE 09842)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_telephone#greece#[30] {1} 721-2951, 8401)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_fax#greece#[30] {1} 645-6282)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_consulate{s}_general#greece#Thessaloniki)
(government_flag#greece#nine equal horizontal stripes of blue alternating with white; there is a blue square in the upper hoist-side corner bearing a white cross; the cross symbolizes Greek Orthodoxy, the established religion of the country)
(economy_economic_overview#greece#Greece has a mixed capitalist economy. The basic entrepreneurial system underwent extensive socialist change in 1981-89, which enlarged the public sector from 55% of GDP in 1981 to about 70% in 1989. Tourism is a major source of foreign exchange, and agriculture is self-sufficient, except for meat, dairy products, and animal feedstuffs. Despite a moderate recovery in industrial output over the last year, the Greek economy remains weak, with real GDP growth of 1.7%; the country's huge public sector and burgeoning budget deficit are contributing to a public debt of 120% of GDP. The government's hard drachma policy and public sector wage restraint are largely responsible for the downward trend in inflation, which is at the lowest level in 20 years. Investment is likely to be the primary engine for economic growth in 1996. Athens continues to rely heavily on EU aid, which currently amounts to about 4% of GDP. New Prime Minister SIMITIS's reputation as the architect of Athens' mid-1980s austerity program suggests that he will pursue prudent economic policies that will bring Greece closer to meeting the EU criteria for participating in economic and monetary union. SIMITIS faces strong opposition to further privatization and further austerity.)
(economy_gdp#greece#purchasing power parity - $101.7 billion {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_real_growth_rate#greece#1.7% {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_per_capita#greece#$9,500 {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_agriculture#greece#11.8%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_industry#greece#22.2%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_services#greece#66% {1994})
(economy_inflation_rate_{consumer_prices}#greece#8.1% {1995 est.})
(economy_labor_force#greece#4.077 million)
(economy_labor_force_by_occupation#greece#services 52%, agriculture 23%, industry 25% {1994})
(economy_unemployment_rate#greece#9.6% {1995 est.})
(economy_budget_revenues#greece#$43.2 billion {excluding privatization receipts})
(economy_budget_expenditures#greece#$47 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA {1995 est.})
(economy_industries#greece#tourism; food and tobacco processing, textiles; chemicals, metal products; mining, petroleum)
(economy_industrial_production_growth_rate#greece#1.7% {1995 est.})
(economy_electricity_capacity#greece#8,970,000 kW)
(economy_electricity_production#greece#35.8 billion kWh)
(economy_electricity_consumption_per_capita#greece#3,257 kWh {1993})
(economy_agriculture#greece#wheat, corn, barley, sugar beets, olives, tomatoes, wine, tobacco, potatoes; meat, dairy products)
(economy_illicit_drugs#greece#illicit producer of cannabis and limited opium; mostly for domestic consumption; serves as a gateway to Europe for traffickers smuggling cannabis and heroin from the Middle East and Southwest Asia to the West and precursor chemicals to the East; transshipment point for Southwest Asian heroin transiting the Balkan route)
(economy_exports#greece#$8.8 billion {f.o.b., 1994})
(economy_exports_commodities#greece#manufactured goods 53%, foodstuffs 34%, fuels 5%)
(economy_exports_partners#greece#EU 55% {Germany 21%, Italy 14%, France 5.4%, UK 6%}, US 5% {1994})
(economy_imports#greece#$21.9 billion {f.o.b., 1994})
(economy_imports_commodities#greece#manufactured goods 72%, foodstuffs 15%, fuels 10%)
(economy_imports_partners#greece#EU 70% {Germany 17%, Italy 17%, France 8%, UK 6%, Japan 3%} {1994})
(economy_external_debt#greece#$31.2 billion {1995 est.})
(economy_economic_aid_recipient#greece#ODA, $NA)
(economy_currency#greece#1 drachma {Dr} = 100 lepta)
(economy_exchange_rates#greece#drachmae {Dr} per US$1 - 240.21 {January 1996}, 231.60 {1995}, 242.60 {1994}, 229.26 {1993}, 190.62 {1992}, 182.27 {1991})
(economy_fiscal_year#greece#calendar year)
(transportation_railways_total#greece#2,474 km)
(transportation_railways_standard_gauge#greece#1,565 km 1.435-m gauge {36 km electrified; 100 km double track})
(transportation_railways_narrow_gauge#greece#887 km 1.000-m gauge; 22 km 0.750-m gauge {a rack type railway for steep grades})
(transportation_highways_total#greece#130,000 km)
(transportation_highways_paved#greece#119,210 km {including 116 km of expressways})
(transportation_highways_unpaved#greece#10,790 km {1990 est.})
(transportation_waterways#greece#80 km; system consists of three coastal canals; including the Corinth Canal {6 km} which crosses the Isthmus of Corinth connecting the Gulf of Corinth with the Saronic Gulf and shortens the sea voyage from the Adriatic to Piraievs {Piraeus} by 325 km; and three unconnected rivers)
(transportation_pipelines#greece#crude oil 26 km; petroleum products 547 km)
(transportation_ports#greece#Alexandroupolis, Elevsis, Iraklion {Crete}, Kavala, Kerkira, Khalkis, Igoumenitsa, Lavrion, Patrai, Piraievs {Piraeus}, Thessaloniki, Volos)
(transportation_merchant_marine_total#greece#1,051 ships {1,000 GRT or over} totaling 28,842,200 GRT/52,583,281 DWT)
(transportation_merchant_marine_ships_by_type#greece#bulk 468, cargo 92, chemical tanker 23, combination bulk 22, combination ore/oil 26, container 40, liquefied gas tanker 4, oil tanker 245, passenger 15, passenger-cargo 3, refrigerated cargo 8, roll-on/roll-off cargo 17, short-sea passenger 84, specialized tanker 3, vehicle carrier 1)
(transportation_merchant_marine_note#greece#Greece owns an additional 1,798 ships {1,000 GRT or over} totaling 62,291,974 DWT operating under the registries of Liberia, Panama, Cyprus, Malta, The Bahamas, Hong Kong, Japan, Hondurus, Portugal, and Singapore {1995 est.})
(transportation_airports_total#greece#77)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_over_3,047_m#greece#5)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_2,438_to_3,047_m#greece#15)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_1,524_to_2,437_m#greece#16)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_914_to_1,523_m#greece#17)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_under_914_m#greece#21)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_914_to_1,523_m#greece#3 {1995 est.})
(transportation_heliports#greece#1 {1995 est.})
(communications_telephones#greece#5,571,293 {1993 est.})
(communications_telephone_system#greece#adequate, modern networks reach all areas; microwave radio relay carries most traffic; extensive open-wire network; submarine cables to off-shore islands)
(communications_telephone_system_domestic#greece#microwave radio relay, open wire, and submarine cable)
(communications_telephone_system_international#greece#tropospheric scatter; 8 submarine cables; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat {1 Atlantic Ocean and 1 Indian Ocean}, 1 Eutelsat, and 1 Inmarsat {Indian Ocean Region})
(communications_radio_broadcast_stations#greece#AM 29, FM 17 {repeaters 20}, shortwave 0)
(communications_radios#greece#NA)
(communications_television_broadcast_stations#greece#361 {1987 est.})
(communications_televisions#greece#2.3 million {1993 est.})
(defense_branches#greece#Hellenic Army, Hellenic Navy, Hellenic Air Force, National Guard, Police)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_age_15-49#greece#2,675,872)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_fit_for_military_service#greece#2,046,338)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_reach_military_age_{21}_annually#greece#76,607 {1996 est.})
(defense_defense_expenditures#greece#exchange rate conversion - $4.9 billion, 4.6% of GDP {1995})
(header_affiliation#greenland#{part of the Danish realm})
(geography_location#greenland#Northern North America, island between the Arctic Ocean and the North Atlantic Ocean, northeast of Canada)
(geography_geographic_coordinates#greenland#72 00 N, 40 00 W)
(geography_map_references#greenland#Arctic Region)
(geography_area_total_area#greenland#2,175,600 sq km)
(geography_area_land_area#greenland#383,600 sq km {ice free})
(geography_area_comparative_area#greenland#slightly more than three times the size of Texas)
(geography_land_boundaries#greenland#0 km)
(geography_coastline#greenland#44,087 km)
(geography_maritime_claims_exclusive_fishing_zone#greenland#200 nm)
(geography_maritime_claims_territorial_sea#greenland#3 nm)
(geography_international_disputes#greenland#none)
(geography_climate#greenland#arctic to subarctic; cool summers, cold winters)
(geography_terrain#greenland#flat to gradually sloping icecap covers all but a narrow, mountainous, barren, rocky coast)
(geography_terrain_lowest_point#greenland#Atlantic Ocean 0 m)
(geography_terrain_highest_point#greenland#Gunnbjorn 3,700 m)
(geography_natural_resources#greenland#zinc, lead, iron ore, coal, molybdenum, cryolite, uranium, fish)
(geography_land_use_arable_land#greenland#0%)
(geography_land_use_permanent_crops#greenland#0%)
(geography_land_use_meadows_and_pastures#greenland#1%)
(geography_land_use_forest_and_woodland#greenland#0%)
(geography_land_use_other#greenland#99%)
(geography_irrigated_land#greenland#0 sq km)
(geography_environment_current_issues#greenland#NA)
(geography_environment_natural_hazards#greenland#continuous permafrost over northern two-thirds of the island)
(geography_environment_international_agreements#greenland#NA)
(geography_geographic_note#greenland#dominates North Atlantic Ocean between North America and Europe; sparse population confined to small settlements along coast)
(people_population#greenland#58,203 {July 1996 est.})
(people_age_structure_0-14_years#greenland#27% {male 7,871; female 7,723})
(people_age_structure_15-64_years#greenland#68% {male 21,755; female 17,961})
(people_age_structure_65_years_and_over#greenland#5% {male 1,307; female 1,586} {July 1996 est.})
(people_population_growth_rate#greenland#1% {1996 est.})
(people_birth_rate#greenland#17.06 births/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_death_rate#greenland#7.11 deaths/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_net_migration_rate#greenland#0 migrant{s}/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_sex_ratio_at_birth#greenland#1 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_under_15_years#greenland#1.02 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_15-64_years#greenland#1.21 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_65_years_and_over#greenland#0.82 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_all_ages#greenland#1.13 male{s}/female {1996 est.})
(people_infant_mortality_rate#greenland#23.8 deaths/1,000 live births {1996 est.})
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_total_population#greenland#68.24 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_male#greenland#63.97 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_female#greenland#72.53 years {1996 est.})
(people_total_fertility_rate#greenland#2.22 children born/woman {1996 est.})
(people_nationality_noun#greenland#Greenlander{s})
(people_nationality_adjective#greenland#Greenlandic)
(people_ethnic_divisions#greenland#Greenlander 86% {Eskimos and Greenland-born whites}, Danish 14%)
(people_religions#greenland#Evangelical Lutheran)
(people_languages#greenland#Eskimo dialects, Danish)
(people_literacy#greenland#NA)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_long_form#greenland#none)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_short_form#greenland#Greenland)
(government_name_of_country_local_long_form#greenland#none)
(government_name_of_country_local_short_form#greenland#Kalaallit Nunaat)
(government_data_code#greenland#GL)
(government_type_of_government#greenland#part of the Danish realm; self-governing overseas administrative division)
(government_capital#greenland#Nuuk {Godthab})
(government_administrative_divisions#greenland#3 municipalities {kommuner, singular - kommun}; Nordgronland, Ostgronland, Vestgronland)
(government_independence#greenland#none {part of the Danish realm; self-governing overseas administrative division})
(government_national_holiday#greenland#Birthday of the Queen, 16 April {1940})
(government_constitution#greenland#5 June 1953 {Danish constitution})
(government_legal_system#greenland#Danish)
(government_suffrage#greenland#18 years of age; universal)
(government_executive_branch_chief_of_state#greenland#Queen MARGRETHE II {of Denmark since 14 January 1972}, a constitutional monarch, is represented by High Commissioner Steen SPORE {since NA 1993})
(government_executive_branch_head_of_government#greenland#Prime Minister Lars Emil JOHANSEN {since 15 March 1991} was elected by the Landsting)
(government_executive_branch_cabinet#greenland#Landsstyre is formed from the Landsting on basis of strength of parties)
(government_legislative_branch#greenland#unicameral)
(government_parliament_{landsting}#greenland#election last held on 4 March 1995 {next to be held NA 5 March 1999}; results - Siumut 38.5%, Inuit Ataqatigiit 20.3%, Atassut Party 29.7%; seats - {31 total} Siumut 12, Atassut Party 10, Inuit Ataqatigiit 6, conservative splinter grouping 2, independent 1)
(government_danish_folketing#greenland#election last held on 21 September 1994 {next to be held by NA September 1998}; Greenland elects two representatives to the Folketing; results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - {2 total} Liberals 1, Social Democrats 1; note - Greenlandic representatives are affiliated with Danish political parties)
(government_judicial_branch#greenland#High Court {Landsret})
(government_political_parties_and_leaders#greenland#two-party ruling coalition; Siumut {Forward Party, a moderate socialist party that advocates more distinct Greenlandic identity and greater autonomy from Denmark}, Lars Emil JOHANSEN, chairman; Inuit Ataqatigiit {IA} {Eskimo Brotherhood, a Marxist-Leninist party that favors complete independence from Denmark rather than home rule}, Josef MOTZFELDT; Atassut Party {Solidarity, a more conservative party that favors continuing close relations with Denmark}, Daniel SKIFTE; Akulliit Party, Bjarne KREUTZMANN; Issituup {Polar Party}, Nicolai HEINRICH)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us#greenland#none {self-governing overseas administrative division of Denmark})
(government_us_diplomatic_representation#greenland#none {self-governing overseas administrative division of Denmark})
(government_flag#greenland#two equal horizontal bands of white {top} and red with a large disk slightly to the hoist side of center - the top half of the disk is red, the bottom half is white)
(economy_economic_overview#greenland#Greenland's economic situation at present is difficult. Unemployment is increasing, and prospects for economic growth in the immediate future are dim. Following the closing of the Black Angel lead and zinc mine in 1989, Greenland became almost completely dependent on fishing and fish processing, the sector accounting for 95% of exports. Prospects for fisheries are not bright, as the important shrimp catches will at best stabilize and cod catches have dropped. Resumption of mining and hydrocarbon activities is not around the corner, thus leaving only tourism with some potential for the near future. The public sector, i.e., the central government and its commercial entities and the municipalities, plays a dominant role in Greenland, accounting for about two-thirds of total employment. About half the government's revenues come from grants from the Danish Government, an important supplement of GDP.)
(economy_gdp#greenland#purchasing power parity - $892 million {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_real_growth_rate#greenland#NA%)
(economy_gdp_per_capita#greenland#$15,500 {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_agriculture#greenland#NA%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_industry#greenland#NA%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_services#greenland#NA%)
(economy_inflation_rate_{consumer_prices}#greenland#1.3% {1993 est.})
(economy_labor_force#greenland#22,800)
(economy_unemployment_rate#greenland#6.6% {1993 est.})
(economy_budget_revenues#greenland#$667 million)
(economy_budget_expenditures#greenland#$635 million, including capital expenditures of $103.8 million {1993 est.})
(economy_industries#greenland#fish processing {mainly shrimp}, lead, zinc, handicrafts, small shipyards)
(economy_industrial_production_growth_rate#greenland#NA%)
(economy_electricity_capacity#greenland#84,000 kW)
(economy_electricity_production#greenland#210 million kWh)
(economy_electricity_consumption_per_capita#greenland#3,361 kWh {1993})
(economy_agriculture#greenland#forage crops, small garden vegetables; sheep; 1988 fish catch of 133,500 metric tons)
(economy_exports#greenland#$330.5 million {f.o.b., 1993 est.})
(economy_exports_commodities#greenland#fish and fish products 95%)
(economy_exports_partners#greenland#Denmark 79%, Benelux 9%, Germany 5%)
(economy_imports#greenland#$369.6 million {c.i.f., 1993 est.})
(economy_imports_commodities#greenland#manufactured goods 28%, machinery and transport equipment 24%, food and live animals 12.4%, petroleum products 12%)
(economy_imports_partners#greenland#Denmark 65%, Norway 8.8%, US 4.6%, Germany 3.8%, Japan 3.8%, Sweden 2.4%)
(economy_external_debt#greenland#$297.1 million {1993})
(economy_economic_aid_recipient#greenland#ODA, $NA)
(economy_economic_aid_note#greenland#substantial annual subsidy from Denmark)
(economy_currency#greenland#1 Danish krone {DKr} = 100 oere)
(economy_exchange_rates#greenland#Danish kroner {DKr} per US$1 - 5.652 {January 1996}, 5.602 {1995}, 6.361 {1994}, 6.484 {1993}, 6.036 {1992}, 6.396 {1991})
(economy_fiscal_year#greenland#calendar year)
(transportation_railways#greenland#0 km)
(transportation_highways_total#greenland#150 km)
(transportation_highways_paved#greenland#60 km)
(transportation_highways_unpaved#greenland#90 km)
(transportation_ports#greenland#Faeringehavn, Frederikshaab, Holsteinsborg, Nanortalik, Narsaq, Nuuk {Godthaab}, Sondre Stromfjord)
(transportation_merchant_marine_total#greenland#1 short-sea passenger {1,000 GRT or over} totaling 2,162 GRT/610 DWT {1995 est.})
(transportation_airports#greenland#8)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_over_3,047_m#greenland#1)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_2,438_to_3,047_m#greenland#1)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_1,524_to_2,437_m#greenland#1)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_914_to_1,523_m#greenland#1)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_under_914_m#greenland#1)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_1,524_to_2,437_m#greenland#1)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_914_to_1,523_m#greenland#2 {1995 est.})
(communications_telephones#greenland#17,900 {1984 est.})
(communications_telephone_system#greenland#adequate domestic and international service provided by cables and microwave radio relay)
(communications_telephone_system_domestic#greenland#microwave radio relay)
(communications_telephone_system_international#greenland#2 coaxial submarine cables; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat {Atlantic Ocean})
(communications_radio_broadcast_stations#greenland#AM 5, FM 7 {repeaters 35}, shortwave 0)
(communications_radios#greenland#23,000 {1991 est.})
(communications_television_broadcast_stations#greenland#4 {repeaters 9})
(communications_televisions#greenland#12,000 {1991 est.})
(defense_defense_note#greenland#defense is the responsibility of Denmark)
(geography_location#grenada#Caribbean, island in the Caribbean Sea, north of Trinidad and Tobago)
(geography_geographic_coordinates#grenada#12 07 N, 61 40 W)
(geography_map_references#grenada#Central America and the Caribbean)
(geography_area_total_area#grenada#340 sq km)
(geography_area_land_area#grenada#340 sq km)
(geography_area_comparative_area#grenada#twice the size of Washington, DC)
(geography_land_boundaries#grenada#0 km)
(geography_coastline#grenada#121 km)
(geography_maritime_claims_exclusive_economic_zone#grenada#200 nm)
(geography_maritime_claims_territorial_sea#grenada#12 nm)
(geography_international_disputes#grenada#none)
(geography_climate#grenada#tropical; tempered by northeast trade winds)
(geography_terrain#grenada#volcanic in origin with central mountains)
(geography_terrain_lowest_point#grenada#Caribbean Sea 0 m)
(geography_terrain_highest_point#grenada#Mount Saint Catherine 840 m)
(geography_natural_resources#grenada#timber, tropical fruit, deepwater harbors)
(geography_land_use_arable_land#grenada#15%)
(geography_land_use_permanent_crops#grenada#26%)
(geography_land_use_meadows_and_pastures#grenada#3%)
(geography_land_use_forest_and_woodland#grenada#9%)
(geography_land_use_other#grenada#47%)
(geography_irrigated_land#grenada#NA sq km)
(geography_environment_current_issues#grenada#NA)
(geography_environment_natural_hazards#grenada#lies on edge of hurricane belt; hurricane season lasts from June to November)
(geography_environment_international_agreements#grenada#party to - Biodiversity, Climate Change, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Whaling)
(geography_geographic_note#grenada#the administration of the islands of the Grenadines group is divided between Saint Vincent and the Grenadines and Grenada)
(people_population#grenada#94,961 {July 1996 est.})
(people_age_structure_0-14_years#grenada#43% {male 20,975; female 20,246})
(people_age_structure_15-64_years#grenada#52% {male 26,089; female 23,068})
(people_age_structure_65_years_and_over#grenada#5% {male 2,112; female 2,471} {July 1996 est.})
(people_population_growth_rate#grenada#0.55% {1996 est.})
(people_birth_rate#grenada#29.13 births/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_death_rate#grenada#5.74 deaths/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_net_migration_rate#grenada#-17.87 migrant{s}/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_sex_ratio_at_birth#grenada#1.02 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_under_15_years#grenada#1.04 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_15-64_years#grenada#1.13 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_65_years_and_over#grenada#0.86 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_all_ages#grenada#1.07 male{s}/female {1996 est.})
(people_infant_mortality_rate#grenada#11.9 deaths/1,000 live births {1996 est.})
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_total_population#grenada#70.89 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_male#grenada#68.39 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_female#grenada#73.44 years {1996 est.})
(people_total_fertility_rate#grenada#3.78 children born/woman {1996 est.})
(people_nationality_noun#grenada#Grenadian{s})
(people_nationality_adjective#grenada#Grenadian)
(people_ethnic_divisions#grenada#black African)
(people_religions#grenada#Roman Catholic, Anglican, other Protestant sects)
(people_languages#grenada#English {official}, French patois)
(people_literacy#grenada#age 15 and over can read and write {1970 est.})
(people_literacy_total_population#grenada#98%)
(people_literacy_male#grenada#98%)
(people_literacy_female#grenada#98%)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_long_form#grenada#none)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_short_form#grenada#Grenada)
(government_data_code#grenada#GJ)
(government_type_of_government#grenada#parliamentary democracy)
(government_capital#grenada#Saint George's)
(government_administrative_divisions#grenada#6 parishes and 1 dependency*; Carriacou and Petit Martinique*, Saint Andrew, Saint David, Saint George, Saint John, Saint Mark, Saint Patrick)
(government_independence#grenada#7 February 1974 {from UK})
(government_national_holiday#grenada#Independence Day, 7 February {1974})
(government_constitution#grenada#19 December 1973)
(government_legal_system#grenada#based on English common law)
(government_suffrage#grenada#18 years of age; universal)
(government_executive_branch_chief_of_state#grenada#Queen ELIZABETH II {since 6 February 1952}, a hereditary monarch, is represented by Governor General Reginald Oswald PALMER {since 6 August 1992})
(government_executive_branch_head_of_government#grenada#Prime Minister Keith MITCHELL {since 22 June 1995} was appointed from members of the House of Assembly by the governor general)
(government_executive_branch_cabinet#grenada#Cabinet was appointed by the governor general on advice of the prime minister)
(government_legislative_branch#grenada#bicameral Parliament)
(government_senate#grenada#consists of a 13-member body, 10 appointed by the government and three by the leader of the opposition)
(government_house_of_representatives#grenada#elections last held on 20 June 1995 {next to be held by NA October 2000}; results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - {15 total} NDC 5, GULP 2, NNP 8)
(government_judicial_branch#grenada#West Indies Associate States Supreme Court)
(government_political_parties_and_leaders#grenada#National Democratic Congress {NDC}, George BRIZAN; Grenada United Labor Party {GULP}, Sir Eric GAIRY; The National Party {TNP}, Ben JONES; New National Party {NNP}, Keith MITCHELL; Maurice Bishop Patriotic Movement {MBPM}, Terrence MARRYSHOW; New Democratic Party {NDP}, James MITCHELL; Unity Labor Party {ULP}, Vincent BEACHE)
(government_international_organization_participation#grenada#ACP, C, Caricom, CDB, ECLAC, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Interpol, IOC, ISO {subscriber}, ITU, LAES, NAM, OAS, OECS, OPANAL, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCL, WHO, WToO)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_chief_of_mission#grenada#Ambassador Denneth MODESTE)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_chancery#grenada#1701 New Hampshire Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20009)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_telephone#grenada#[1] {202} 265-2561)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_chief_of_mission#grenada#the ambassador to Barbados is accredited to Grenada; Charge d'Affaires Dennis CARTER)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_embassy#grenada#Point Salines, Saint George's)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_mailing_address#grenada#P. O. Box 54, Saint George's, Grenada, W.I.)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_telephone#grenada#[1] {809} 444-1173 through 1178)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_fax#grenada#[1] {809} 444-4820)
(government_flag#grenada#a rectangle divided diagonally into yellow triangles {top and bottom} and green triangles {hoist side and outer side} with a red border around the flag; there are seven yellow five-pointed stars with three centered in the top red border, three centered in the bottom red border, and one on a red disk superimposed at the center of the flag; there is also a symbolic nutmeg pod on the hoist-side triangle {Grenada is the world's second-largest producer of nutmeg, after Indonesia}; the seven stars represent the seven administrative divisions)
(economy_economic_overview#grenada#The economy is essentially agricultural and centers on the traditional production of spices and tropical plants. Agriculture accounts for about 10% of GDP and 80% of exports and employs 24% of the labor force. Tourism is the leading foreign exchange earner, followed by agricultural exports. Manufacturing remains relatively undeveloped, but is growing due to a favorable private investment climate since 1983. The economy achieved an impressive average annual growth rate of 5.5% in 1986-91 but has slowed since 1992. The new MITCHELL government has moved forward with a plan to eliminate personal income tax in the hope of spurring domestic consumption.)
(economy_gdp#grenada#purchasing power parity - $284 million {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_real_growth_rate#grenada#3% {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_per_capita#grenada#$3,000 {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_agriculture#grenada#10.2%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_industry#grenada#40.3%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_services#grenada#49.5% {1994 est.})
(economy_inflation_rate_{consumer_prices}#grenada#3% {1995 est.})
(economy_labor_force#grenada#36,000)
(economy_labor_force_by_occupation#grenada#services 31%, agriculture 24%, construction 8%, manufacturing 5%, other 32% {1985})
(economy_unemployment_rate#grenada#14% {1995 est.})
(economy_budget_revenues#grenada#$75.7 million {1996 est.})
(economy_budget_expenditures#grenada#$126.7 million, including capital expenditures of $51 million {1996 est.})
(economy_industries#grenada#food and beverages, textiles, light assembly operations, tourism, construction)
(economy_industrial_production_growth_rate#grenada#1.8% {1992 est.})
(economy_electricity_capacity#grenada#12,500 kW)
(economy_electricity_production#grenada#60 million kWh)
(economy_electricity_consumption_per_capita#grenada#639 kWh {1993})
(economy_agriculture#grenada#bananas, cocoa, nutmeg, mace, citrus, avocados, root crops, sugarcane, corn, vegetables)
(economy_illicit_drugs#grenada#produces and exports marijuana for US markets)
(economy_exports#grenada#$24.2 million {f.o.b., 1995 est.})
(economy_exports_commodities#grenada#bananas, cocoa, nutmeg, fruit and vegetables, clothing, mace)
(economy_exports_partners#grenada#Caricom 32.3%, UK 20%, US 13%, Netherlands 8.8% {1991})
(economy_imports#grenada#$162.2 million {f.o.b., 1995 est.})
(economy_imports_commodities#grenada#food 25%, manufactured goods 22%, machinery 20%, chemicals 10%, fuel 6% {1989})
(economy_imports_partners#grenada#US 31.2%, Caricom 23.6%, UK 13.8%, Japan 7.1% {1991})
(economy_external_debt#grenada#$89.1 million {1995 est.})
(economy_economic_aid_recipient#grenada#ODA, $NA)
(economy_currency#grenada#1 EC dollar {EC$} = 100 cents)
(economy_exchange_rates#grenada#East Caribbean dollars {EC$} per US$1 - 2.70 {fixed rate since 1976})
(economy_fiscal_year#grenada#calendar year)
(transportation_railways#grenada#0 km)
(transportation_highways_total#grenada#994 km)
(transportation_highways_paved#grenada#597 km)
(transportation_highways_unpaved#grenada#397 km {1988 est.})
(transportation_ports#grenada#Grenville, Saint George's)
(transportation_merchant_marine#grenada#none)
(transportation_airports_total#grenada#3)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_2,438_to_3,047_m#grenada#1)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_1,524_to_2,437_m#grenada#1)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_under_914_m#grenada#1 {1995 est.})
(communications_telephones#grenada#5,650 {1988 est.})
(communications_telephone_system#grenada#automatic, islandwide telephone system)
(communications_telephone_system_domestic#grenada#interisland VHF and UHF radiotelephone links)
(communications_telephone_system_international#grenada#new SHF radiotelephone links to Trinidad and Tobago and Saint Vincent; VHF and UHF radio links to Trinidad)
(communications_radio_broadcast_stations#grenada#AM 1, FM 0, shortwave 0)
(communications_radios#grenada#80,000 {1993 est.})
(communications_television_broadcast_stations#grenada#1 {1988 est.})
(communications_televisions#grenada#30,000 {1993 est.})
(defense_branches#grenada#Royal Grenada Police Force, Coast Guard)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_age_15-49#grenada#NA)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_fit_for_military_service#grenada#NA)
(defense_defense_expenditures#grenada#$NA, NA% of GDP)
(header_affiliation#guadeloupe#{overseas department of France})
(geography_location#guadeloupe#Caribbean, islands in the eastern Caribbean Sea, southeast of Puerto Rico)
(geography_geographic_coordinates#guadeloupe#16 15 N, 61 35 W)
(geography_map_references#guadeloupe#Central America and the Caribbean)
(geography_area_total_area#guadeloupe#1,780 sq km)
(geography_area_land_area#guadeloupe#1,706 sq km)
(geography_area_comparative_area#guadeloupe#10 times the size of Washington, DC)
(geography_area_note#guadeloupe#Guadeloupe is an archipelago of nine inhabited islands, of which Basse-Terre, Grande-Terre, and Marie-Galante are the three largest)
(geography_land_boundaries#guadeloupe#0 km)
(geography_coastline#guadeloupe#306 km)
(geography_maritime_claims_exclusive_economic_zone#guadeloupe#200 nm)
(geography_maritime_claims_territorial_sea#guadeloupe#12 nm)
(geography_international_disputes#guadeloupe#none)
(geography_climate#guadeloupe#subtropical tempered by trade winds; moderately high humidity)
(geography_terrain#guadeloupe#Basse-Terre is volcanic in origin with interior mountains; Grand-Terre is low limestone formation; most of the seven other islands are volcanic in origin)
(geography_terrain_lowest_point#guadeloupe#Caribbean Sea 0 m)
(geography_terrain_highest_point#guadeloupe#Soufriere 1,467 m)
(geography_natural_resources#guadeloupe#cultivable land, beaches and climate that foster tourism)
(geography_land_use_arable_land#guadeloupe#18%)
(geography_land_use_permanent_crops#guadeloupe#5%)
(geography_land_use_meadows_and_pastures#guadeloupe#13%)
(geography_land_use_forest_and_woodland#guadeloupe#40%)
(geography_land_use_other#guadeloupe#24%)
(geography_irrigated_land#guadeloupe#30 sq km {1989 est.})
(geography_environment_current_issues#guadeloupe#NA)
(geography_environment_natural_hazards#guadeloupe#hurricanes {June to October}; La Soufriere is an active volcano)
(geography_environment_international_agreements#guadeloupe#NA)
(people_population#guadeloupe#407,768 {July 1996 est.})
(people_age_structure_0-14_years#guadeloupe#26% {male 53,118; female 51,219})
(people_age_structure_15-64_years#guadeloupe#66% {male 132,846; female 136,147})
(people_age_structure_65_years_and_over#guadeloupe#8% {male 14,617; female 19,821} {July 1996 est.})
(people_population_growth_rate#guadeloupe#1.2% {1996 est.})
(people_birth_rate#guadeloupe#17.78 births/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_death_rate#guadeloupe#5.59 deaths/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_net_migration_rate#guadeloupe#-0.16 migrant{s}/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_sex_ratio_at_birth#guadeloupe#1.05 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_under_15_years#guadeloupe#1.04 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_15-64_years#guadeloupe#0.98 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_65_years_and_over#guadeloupe#0.74 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_all_ages#guadeloupe#0.97 male{s}/female {1996 est.})
(people_infant_mortality_rate#guadeloupe#8.3 deaths/1,000 live births {1996 est.})
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_total_population#guadeloupe#77.4 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_male#guadeloupe#74.37 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_female#guadeloupe#80.58 years {1996 est.})
(people_total_fertility_rate#guadeloupe#1.92 children born/woman {1996 est.})
(people_nationality_noun#guadeloupe#Guadeloupian{s})
(people_nationality_adjective#guadeloupe#Guadeloupe)
(people_ethnic_divisions#guadeloupe#black or mulatto 90%, white 5%, East Indian, Lebanese, Chinese less than 5%)
(people_religions#guadeloupe#Roman Catholic 95%, Hindu and pagan African 4%, Protestant sects 1%)
(people_languages#guadeloupe#French {official} 99%, Creole patois)
(people_literacy#guadeloupe#age 15 and over can read and write {1982 est.})
(people_literacy_total_population#guadeloupe#90%)
(people_literacy_male#guadeloupe#90%)
(people_literacy_female#guadeloupe#90%)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_long_form#guadeloupe#Department of Guadeloupe)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_short_form#guadeloupe#Guadeloupe)
(government_name_of_country_local_long_form#guadeloupe#Departement de la Guadeloupe)
(government_name_of_country_local_short_form#guadeloupe#Guadeloupe)
(government_data_code#guadeloupe#GP)
(government_type_of_government#guadeloupe#overseas department of France)
(government_capital#guadeloupe#Basse-Terre)
(government_administrative_divisions#guadeloupe#none {overseas department of France})
(government_independence#guadeloupe#none {overseas department of France})
(government_national_holiday#guadeloupe#National Day, Taking of the Bastille, 14 July {1789})
(government_constitution#guadeloupe#28 September 1958 {French Constitution})
(government_legal_system#guadeloupe#French legal system)
(government_suffrage#guadeloupe#18 years of age; universal)
(government_executive_branch_chief_of_state#guadeloupe#President {of France} Jacques CHIRAC {since 17 May 1995}, represented by Prefect Michel DIEFENBACHER {since NA March 1995}, who was appointed by the French Ministry of Interior)
(government_executive_branch_head_of_government#guadeloupe#President of the General Council Dominique LARIFLA {since NA}; President of the Regional Council Lucette MICHAUX-CHEVRY {since 22 March 1992})
(government_legislative_branch#guadeloupe#unicameral General Council and unicameral Regional Council)
(government_general_council#guadeloupe#elections last held 22 March 1992 {next to be held by NA 1996}; results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - {43 total} FRUI.G 13, RPR/DUD 13, PPDG 8, FGPS 3, PCG 3, UPLG 1, PSG 1, independent 1)
(government_regional_council#guadeloupe#elections last held 31 January 1994 {next to be held by 16 March 1998}; results - RPR/FGPS-dissadents 48.30%, FGPS 17.09%, FRUI.G 7.44%, PPDG 8.90%, UPLG 7.75% PCG 6.05%; seats - {41 total} RPR/FGPS-dissadents 22, FGPS/FRUI.G 9, PPDG 5, PCG 3, UPLG 2)
(government_french_senate#guadeloupe#elections last held in September 1995 {next to be held NA September 2004}; Guadeloupe elects two representatives; results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - {2 total} PPDG 1, FGPS 1)
(government_french_national_assembly#guadeloupe#elections last held on 21 and 28 March 1993 {next to be held NA March 1998}; Guadeloupe elects four representatives; results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - {4 total} FGPS 1, RPR 1, PPDG 1, independent 1)
(government_judicial_branch#guadeloupe#Court of Appeal {Cour d'Appel} with jurisdiction over Guadeloupe, French Guiana, and Martinique)
(government_political_parties_and_leaders#guadeloupe#Rally for the Republic {RPR}, Daniel BEAUBRUN; Communist Party of Guadeloupe {PCG}, Christian Medard CELESTE; Socialist Party {FGPS}, Georges LOUISOR; Popular Union for the Liberation of Guadeloupe {UPLG}, Claude MAKOUKE; FGPS Dissidents {FRUI.G}, Dominique LARIFLA; Union for French Democracy {UDF}, Marcel ESDRAS; Progressive Democratic Party {PPDG}, Henri BANGOU)
(government_other_political_or_pressure_groups#guadeloupe#Movement for Independent Guadeloupe {MPGI}; General Union of Guadeloupe Workers {UGTG}; General Federation of Guadeloupe Workers {CGT-G}; Christian Movement for the Liberation of Guadeloupe {KLPG})
(government_international_organization_participation#guadeloupe#FZ, WCL, WFTU)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us#guadeloupe#none {overseas department of France})
(government_us_diplomatic_representation#guadeloupe#none {overseas department of France})
(government_flag#guadeloupe#three horizontal bands, a narrow green band {top}, a wide red band, and a narrow green band; the green bands are separated from the red band by two narrow white stripes; a five-pointed gold star is centered in the red band toward the hoist side; the flag of France is used for official occasions)
(economy_economic_overview#guadeloupe#The economy depends on agriculture, tourism, light industry, and services. It is also dependent upon France for large subsidies and imports. Tourism is a key industry, with most tourists from the US. In addition, an increasingly large number of cruise ships visit the islands. The traditionally important sugarcane crop is slowly being replaced by other crops, such as bananas {which now supply about 50% of export earnings}, eggplant, and flowers. Other vegetables and root crops are cultivated for local consumption, although Guadeloupe is still dependent on imported food, which comes mainly from France. Light industry consists mostly of sugar and rum production. Most manufactured goods and fuel are imported. Unemployment is especially high among the young.)
(economy_gdp#guadeloupe#purchasing power parity - $3.7 billion {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_real_growth_rate#guadeloupe#NA%)
(economy_gdp_per_capita#guadeloupe#$9,200 {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_agriculture#guadeloupe#6%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_industry#guadeloupe#9%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_services#guadeloupe#85% {1993 est.})
(economy_inflation_rate_{consumer_prices}#guadeloupe#3.7% {1990})
(economy_labor_force#guadeloupe#129,700)
(economy_labor_force_by_occupation#guadeloupe#agriculture 15%, industry 20%, services 65% {1993})
(economy_unemployment_rate#guadeloupe#31.3% {1995})
(economy_budget_revenues#guadeloupe#$395 million)
(economy_budget_expenditures#guadeloupe#$407 million, including capital expenditures of $NA {1995})
(economy_industries#guadeloupe#construction, cement, rum, sugar, tourism)
(economy_industrial_production_growth_rate#guadeloupe#NA%)
(economy_electricity_capacity#guadeloupe#320,000 kW)
(economy_electricity_production#guadeloupe#650 million kWh)
(economy_electricity_consumption_per_capita#guadeloupe#1,421 kWh {1993})
(economy_agriculture#guadeloupe#bananas, sugarcane, tropical fruits and vegetables; cattle, pigs, goats)
(economy_exports#guadeloupe#$130 million {f.o.b., 1993})
(economy_exports_commodities#guadeloupe#bananas, sugar, rum)
(economy_exports_partners#guadeloupe#France 70%, Martinique 17% {1991})
(economy_imports#guadeloupe#$1.4 billion {c.i.f., 1993})
(economy_imports_commodities#guadeloupe#foodstuffs, fuels, vehicles, clothing and other consumer goods, construction materials)
(economy_imports_partners#guadeloupe#France 60%, EC, US, Japan {1991})
(economy_external_debt#guadeloupe#$NA)
(economy_economic_aid_recipient#guadeloupe#ODA, $NA)
(economy_economic_aid_note#guadeloupe#substantial annual French subsidies)
(economy_currency#guadeloupe#1 French franc {F} = 100 centimes)
(economy_exchange_rates#guadeloupe#French francs {F} per US$1 - 5.0056 {January 1996}, 4.9915 {1995}, 5.5520 {1994}, 5.6632 {1993}, 5.2938 {1992}, 5.6421 {1991})
(economy_fiscal_year#guadeloupe#calendar year)
(transportation_railways_total#guadeloupe#NA km; privately owned, narrow-gauge plantation lines)
(transportation_highways#guadeloupe#2,082 km {national 329 km, regional 582 km, community/local 1171 km})
(transportation_highways_paved#guadeloupe#1,742 km)
(transportation_highways_unpaved#guadeloupe#340 km {1985 est.})
(transportation_ports#guadeloupe#Basse-Terre, Gustavia, Marigot, Pointe-a-Pitre)
(transportation_merchant_marine#guadeloupe#none)
(transportation_airports_total#guadeloupe#9)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_over_3,047_m#guadeloupe#1)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_914_to_1,523_m#guadeloupe#2)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_under_914_m#guadeloupe#6 {1995 est.})
(communications_telephones#guadeloupe#64,916 {1984 est.})
(communications_telephone_system#guadeloupe#domestic facilities inadequate)
(communications_telephone_system_domestic#guadeloupe#NA)
(communications_telephone_system_international#guadeloupe#satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat {Atlantic Ocean}; microwave radio relay to Antigua and Barbuda, Dominica, and Martinique)
(communications_radio_broadcast_stations#guadeloupe#AM 2, FM 8 {private stations licensed to broadcast FM 30}, shortwave 0)
(communications_radios#guadeloupe#100,000 {1993 est.})
(communications_television_broadcast_stations#guadeloupe#9)
(communications_televisions#guadeloupe#150,000 {1993 est.})
(defense_branches#guadeloupe#French Forces, Gendarmerie)
(defense_defense_note#guadeloupe#defense is the responsibility of France)
(header_affiliation#guam#{territory of the US})
(geography_location#guam#Oceania, island in the North Pacific Ocean, about three-quarters of the way from Hawaii to the Philippines)
(geography_geographic_coordinates#guam#13 28 N, 144 47 E)
(geography_map_references#guam#Oceania)
(geography_area_total_area#guam#541.3 sq km)
(geography_area_land_area#guam#541.3 sq km)
(geography_area_comparative_area#guam#three times the size of Washington, DC)
(geography_land_boundaries#guam#0 km)
(geography_coastline#guam#125.5 km)
(geography_maritime_claims_exclusive_economic_zone#guam#200 nm)
(geography_maritime_claims_territorial_sea#guam#12 nm)
(geography_international_disputes#guam#none)
(geography_climate#guam#tropical marine; generally warm and humid, moderated by northeast trade winds; dry season from January to June, rainy season from July to December; little seasonal temperature variation)
(geography_terrain#guam#volcanic origin, surrounded by coral reefs; relatively flat coralline limestone plateau {source of most fresh water} with steep coastal cliffs and narrow coastal plains in north, low-rising hills in center, mountains in south)
(geography_terrain_lowest_point#guam#Pacific Ocean 0 m)
(geography_terrain_highest_point#guam#Mount Lamlam 406 m)
(geography_natural_resources#guam#fishing {largely undeveloped}, tourism {especially from Japan})
(geography_land_use_arable_land#guam#11%)
(geography_land_use_permanent_crops#guam#11%)
(geography_land_use_meadows_and_pastures#guam#15%)
(geography_land_use_forest_and_woodland#guam#18%)
(geography_land_use_other#guam#45%)
(geography_irrigated_land#guam#NA sq km)
(geography_environment_current_issues#guam#NA)
(geography_environment_natural_hazards#guam#frequent squalls during rainy season; relatively rare, but potentially very destructive typhoons {especially in August})
(geography_environment_international_agreements#guam#NA)
(geography_geographic_note#guam#largest and southernmost island in the Mariana Islands archipelago; strategic location in western North Pacific Ocean)
(people_population#guam#156,974 {July 1996 est.})
(people_age_structure_0-14_years#guam#NA)
(people_age_structure_15-64_years#guam#NA)
(people_age_structure_65_years_and_over#guam#NA)
(people_population_growth_rate#guam#2.34% {1996 est.})
(people_birth_rate#guam#24.24 births/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_death_rate#guam#3.86 deaths/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_net_migration_rate#guam#3 migrant{s}/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_sex_ratio_at_birth#guam#NA male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_under_15_years#guam#NA male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_15-64_years#guam#NA male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_65_years_and_over#guam#NA male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_all_ages#guam#NA male{s}/female)
(people_infant_mortality_rate#guam#15.17 deaths/1,000 live births {1996 est.})
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_total_population#guam#74.29 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_male#guam#72.42 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_female#guam#76.13 years {1996 est.})
(people_total_fertility_rate#guam#2.25 children born/woman {1996 est.})
(people_nationality_noun#guam#Guamanian{s})
(people_nationality_adjective#guam#Guamanian)
(people_ethnic_divisions#guam#Chamorro 47%, Filipino 25%, white 10%, Chinese, Japanese, Korean, and other 18%)
(people_religions#guam#Roman Catholic 98%, other 2%)
(people_languages#guam#English, Chamorro, Japanese)
(people_literacy#guam#age 15 and over can read and write {1990 est.})
(people_literacy_total_population#guam#99%)
(people_literacy_male#guam#99%)
(people_literacy_female#guam#99%)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_long_form#guam#Territory of Guam)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_short_form#guam#Guam)
(government_data_code#guam#GQ)
(government_type_of_government#guam#organized, unincorporated territory of the US with policy relations between Guam and the US under the jurisdiction of the Office of Territorial and International Affairs, US Department of the Interior)
(government_capital#guam#Agana)
(government_administrative_divisions#guam#none {territory of the US})
(government_independence#guam#none {territory of the US})
(government_national_holiday#guam#Guam Discovery Day {first Monday in March} {1521}; Liberation Day, 21 July)
(government_constitution#guam#Organic Act of 1 August 1950)
(government_legal_system#guam#modeled on US; federal laws apply)
(government_suffrage#guam#18 years of age; universal; US citizens, but do not vote in US presidential elections)
(government_executive_branch_chief_of_state#guam#President {of the United States} William Jefferson CLINTON {since 20 January 1993}; Vice President Albert GORE, Jr. {since 20 January 1993})
(government_executive_branch_head_of_government#guam#Governor Carl GUTIERREZ {since 8 November 1994} and Lieutenant Governor Madeleine BORDALLO {since 8 November 1994} were elected for a four-year term by popular vote; election last held 8 November 1994 {next to be held NA November 1998}; results - Carl GUTIERREZ {Democrat} defeated Tommy TANAKA {Republican} with 54.6% of the vote)
(government_executive_branch_cabinet#guam#executive departments; heads appointed by the governor with the consent of the Guam legislature)
(government_legislative_branch#guam#unicameral)
(government_legislature#guam#elections last held 8 November 1994 {next to be held NA November 1996}; results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - {21 total} Democrats 14, Republican 7)
(government_us_house_of_representatives#guam#elections last held 8 November 1994 {next to be held NA November 1996}; Guam elects one delegate; results - Robert UNDERWOOD was reelected as delegate; seats - {1 total} Democrat 1)
(government_judicial_branch#guam#Federal District Court, judge is appointed by the president; Territorial Superior Court, judges appointed for eight-year terms by the governor)
(government_political_parties_and_leaders#guam#Democratic Party {controls the legislature}; Republican Party {party of the Governor})
(government_international_organization_participation#guam#ESCAP {associate}, IOC, SPC)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us#guam#none {territory of the US})
(government_us_diplomatic_representation#guam#none {territory of the US})
(government_flag#guam#territorial flag is dark blue with a narrow red border on all four sides; centered is a red-bordered, pointed, vertical ellipse containing a beach scene, outrigger canoe with sail, and a palm tree with the word GUAM superimposed in bold red letters; US flag is the national flag)
(economy_economic_overview#guam#The economy depends mainly on US military spending and on revenues from tourism. Over the past 20 years, the tourist industry has grown rapidly, creating a construction boom for new hotels and the expansion of older ones. Visitors numbered about 900,000 in 1992. The slowdown in Japanese economic growth has been reflected in less vigorous growth in the tourism sector. About 60% of the labor force works for the private sector and the rest for government. Most food and industrial goods are imported, with about 75% from the US. Guam faces the problem of building up the civilian economic sector to offset the impact of military downsizing.)
(economy_gdp#guam#purchasing power parity - $2 billion {1991 est.})
(economy_gdp_real_growth_rate#guam#NA%)
(economy_gdp_per_capita#guam#$14,000 {1991 est.})
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_agriculture#guam#NA%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_industry#guam#NA%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_services#guam#NA%)
(economy_inflation_rate_{consumer_prices}#guam#4% {1992 est.})
(economy_labor_force#guam#46,930 {1990})
(economy_labor_force_by_occupation#guam#federal and territorial government 40%, private 60% {trade 18%, services 15.6%, construction 13.8%, other 12.6%} {1990})
(economy_unemployment_rate#guam#2% {1992 est.})
(economy_budget_revenues#guam#$525 million)
(economy_budget_expenditures#guam#$395 million, including capital expenditures of $NA {1991})
(economy_industries#guam#US military, tourism, construction, transshipment services, concrete products, printing and publishing, food processing, textiles)
(economy_industrial_production_growth_rate#guam#NA%)
(economy_electricity_capacity#guam#300,000 kW)
(economy_electricity_production#guam#750 million kWh)
(economy_electricity_consumption_per_capita#guam#4,797 kWh {1993})
(economy_agriculture#guam#fruits, copra, vegetables; eggs, pork, poultry, beef)
(economy_exports#guam#$34 million {f.o.b., 1984})
(economy_exports_commodities#guam#mostly transshipments of refined petroleum products, construction materials, fish, food and beverage products)
(economy_exports_partners#guam#US 25%, Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands 63%, other 12%)
(economy_imports#guam#$493 million {c.i.f., 1984})
(economy_imports_commodities#guam#petroleum and petroleum products, food, manufactured goods)
(economy_imports_partners#guam#US 23%, Japan 19%, other 58%)
(economy_external_debt#guam#$NA)
(economy_economic_aid_recipient#guam#although Guam receives no foreign aid, it does receive large transfer payments from the general revenues of the US Federal Treasury into which Guamanians pay no income or excise taxes; under the provisions of a special law of Congress, the Guamanian Treasury, rather than the US Treasury, receives federal income taxes paid by military and civilian Federal employees stationed in Guam)
(economy_currency#guam#1 United States dollar {US$} = 100 cents)
(economy_exchange_rates#guam#US currency is used)
(economy_fiscal_year#guam#1 October - 30 September)
(transportation_railways#guam#0 km)
(transportation_highways_total#guam#674 km {all-weather roads})
(transportation_highways_paved#guam#NA km)
(transportation_highways_unpaved#guam#NA km)
(transportation_ports#guam#Apra Harbor)
(transportation_merchant_marine#guam#none)
(transportation_airports_total#guam#4)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_over_3,047_m#guam#2)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_2,438_to_3,047_m#guam#1)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_under_914_m#guam#1 {1995 est.})
(communications_telephones#guam#26,317 {1989 est.})
(communications_telephone_system_domestic#guam#NA)
(communications_telephone_system_international#guam#satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat {Pacific Ocean}; submarine cables to US and Japan)
(communications_radio_broadcast_stations#guam#AM 3, FM 3, shortwave 0)
(communications_radios#guam#NA)
(communications_television_broadcast_stations#guam#3)
(communications_televisions#guam#75,000 {1993 est.})
(defense_defense_note#guam#defense is the responsibility of the US)
(geography_location#guatemala#Middle America, bordering the Caribbean Sea, between Honduras and Belize and bordering the North Pacific Ocean, between El Salvador and Mexico)
(geography_geographic_coordinates#guatemala#15 30 N, 90 15 W)
(geography_map_references#guatemala#Central America and the Caribbean)
(geography_area_total_area#guatemala#108,890 sq km)
(geography_area_land_area#guatemala#108,430 sq km)
(geography_area_comparative_area#guatemala#slightly smaller than Tennessee)
(geography_land_boundaries_total#guatemala#1,687 km)
(geography_land_boundaries_border_countries#guatemala#Belize 266 km, El Salvador 203 km, Honduras 256 km, Mexico 962 km)
(geography_coastline#guatemala#400 km)
(geography_maritime_claims_continental_shelf#guatemala#200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation)
(geography_maritime_claims_exclusive_economic_zone#guatemala#200 nm)
(geography_maritime_claims_territorial_sea#guatemala#12 nm)
(geography_international_disputes#guatemala#border with Belize in dispute; talks to resolve the dispute are stalled)
(geography_climate#guatemala#tropical; hot, humid in lowlands; cooler in highlands)
(geography_terrain#guatemala#mostly mountains with narrow coastal plains and rolling limestone plateau {Peten})
(geography_terrain_lowest_point#guatemala#Pacific Ocean 0 m)
(geography_terrain_highest_point#guatemala#Volcan Tajumulco 4,211 m)
(geography_natural_resources#guatemala#petroleum, nickel, rare woods, fish, chicle)
(geography_land_use_arable_land#guatemala#12%)
(geography_land_use_permanent_crops#guatemala#4%)
(geography_land_use_meadows_and_pastures#guatemala#12%)
(geography_land_use_forest_and_woodland#guatemala#40%)
(geography_land_use_other#guatemala#32%)
(geography_irrigated_land#guatemala#780 sq km {1989 est.})
(geography_environment_current_issues#guatemala#deforestation; soil erosion; water pollution)
(geography_environment_natural_hazards#guatemala#numerous volcanoes in mountains, with frequent violent earthquakes; Caribbean coast subject to hurricanes and other tropical storms)
(geography_environment_international_agreements#guatemala#party to - Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Marine Dumping, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands; signed, but not ratified - Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Law of the Sea)
(geography_geographic_note#guatemala#no natural harbors on west coast)
(people_population#guatemala#11,277,614 {July 1996 est.})
(people_age_structure_0-14_years#guatemala#43% {male 2,464,498; female 2,362,457})
(people_age_structure_15-64_years#guatemala#54% {male 3,026,834; female 3,031,278})
(people_age_structure_65_years_and_over#guatemala#3% {male 184,927; female 207,620} {July 1996 est.})
(people_population_growth_rate#guatemala#2.48% {1996 est.})
(people_birth_rate#guatemala#33.96 births/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_death_rate#guatemala#7.15 deaths/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_net_migration_rate#guatemala#-1.98 migrant{s}/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_sex_ratio_at_birth#guatemala#1.05 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_under_15_years#guatemala#1.04 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_15-64_years#guatemala#1 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_65_years_and_over#guatemala#0.89 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_all_ages#guatemala#1.01 male{s}/female {1996 est.})
(people_infant_mortality_rate#guatemala#50.7 deaths/1,000 live births {1996 est.})
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_total_population#guatemala#65.24 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_male#guatemala#62.64 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_female#guatemala#67.97 years {1996 est.})
(people_total_fertility_rate#guatemala#4.5 children born/woman {1996 est.})
(people_nationality_noun#guatemala#Guatemalan{s})
(people_nationality_adjective#guatemala#Guatemalan)
(people_ethnic_divisions#guatemala#Mestizo - mixed Amerindian-Spanish ancestry {in local Spanish called Ladino} 56%, Amerindian or predominantly Amerindian 44%)
(people_religions#guatemala#Roman Catholic, Protestant, traditional Mayan)
(people_languages#guatemala#Spanish 60%, Indian language 40% {23 Indian dialects, including Quiche, Cakchiquel, Kekchi})
(people_literacy#guatemala#age 15 and over can read and write {1995 est.})
(people_literacy_total_population#guatemala#55.6%)
(people_literacy_male#guatemala#62.5%)
(people_literacy_female#guatemala#48.6%)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_long_form#guatemala#Republic of Guatemala)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_short_form#guatemala#Guatemala)
(government_name_of_country_local_long_form#guatemala#Republica de Guatemala)
(government_name_of_country_local_short_form#guatemala#Guatemala)
(government_data_code#guatemala#GT)
(government_type_of_government#guatemala#republic)
(government_capital#guatemala#Guatemala)
(government_administrative_divisions#guatemala#22 departments {departamentos, singular - departamento}; Alta Verapaz, Baja Verapaz, Chimaltenango, Chiquimula, El Progreso, Escuintla, Guatemala, Huehuetenango, Izabal, Jalapa, Jutiapa, Peten, Quetzaltenango, Quiche, Retalhuleu, Sacatepequez, San Marcos, Santa Rosa, Solola, Suchitepequez, Totonicapan, Zacapa)
(government_independence#guatemala#15 September 1821 {from Spain})
(government_national_holiday#guatemala#Independence Day, 15 September {1821})
(government_constitution#guatemala#31 May 1985, effective 14 January 1986)
(government_constitution_note#guatemala#suspended 25 May 1993 by President SERRANO; reinstated 5 June 1993 following ouster of president)
(government_legal_system#guatemala#civil law system; judicial review of legislative acts; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction)
(government_suffrage#guatemala#18 years of age; universal)
(government_executive_branch_chief_of_state_and_head_of_government#guatemala#President Alvaro Enrique ARZU Irigoyen {since 14 January 1996}; Vice President Luis Alberto FLORES Asturias {since 14 January 1996}; results - Alvaro Enrique ARZU Irigoyen {PAN} 51.2%, Jorge PORTILLO Cabrera {FRG} 48.8%; ARZU was elected for a four-year term by universal suffrage; election runoff held on 14 January 1996 {next to be held November 2000})
(government_executive_branch_cabinet#guatemala#Council of Ministers was named by the president)
(government_legislative_branch#guatemala#unicameral)
(government_congress_of_the_republic_{congreso_de_la_republica}#guatemala#elections were held on 12 November 1995 to select 80 new congressmen {next election will be held in November 2000}; results - seats {80 total} PAN 43, FRG 21, FDNG 6, DCG 4, UCN 3, UD 2, MLN 1)
(government_congress_of_the_republic_{congreso_de_la_republica}_note#guatemala#on 11 November 1993 the congress approved a procedure that reduced its number from 116 seats to 80; the procedure provided for a special election in mid-1994 to elect an interim congress of 80 members to serve until replaced in the November 1995 general election; the plan was approved in a general referendum in January 1994 and the special election was held on 14 August 1994)
(government_judicial_branch#guatemala#Supreme Court of Justice {Corte Suprema de Justicia}; additionally the Court of Constitutionality is presided over by the President of the Supreme Court, judges are elected for a five-year term by Congress)
(government_political_parties_and_leaders#guatemala#National Centrist Union {UCN}, {vacant}; Solidarity Action Movement {MAS}, Oliverio GARCIA Rodas; Christian Democratic Party {DCG}, Alfonso CABRERA Hidalgo; National Advancement Party {PAN}, Alvaro ARZU Irigoyen; National Liberation Movement {MLN}, Mario SANDOVAL Alarcon; Social Democratic Party {PSD}, Mario SOLORZANO Martinez; Revolutionary Party {PR}, Carlos CHAVARRIA Perez; Guatemalan Republican Front {FRG}, Efrain RIOS Montt; Democratic Union {UD}, Jose CHEA Urruela; New Guatemalan Democratic Front {FDNG}, Jorge GONZALEZ del Valle)
(government_other_political_or_pressure_groups#guatemala#Coordinating Committee of Agricultural, Commercial, Industrial, and Financial Associations {CACIF}; Mutual Support Group {GAM}; Agrarian Owners Group {UNAGRO}; Committee for Campesino Unity {CUC}; leftist guerrilla movement known as Guatemalan National Revolutionary Union {URNG} has four main factions - Guerrilla Army of the Poor {EGP}; Revolutionary Organization of the People in Arms {ORPA}; Rebel Armed Forces {FAR}; Guatemalan Labor Party {PGT/O})
(government_international_organization_participation#guatemala#BCIE, CACM, CCC, ECLAC, FAO, G-24, G-77, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ITU, LAES, LAIA {observer}, NAM, OAS, OPANAL, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNMIH, UNU, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_chief_of_mission#guatemala#Ambassador Pedro LAMPORT Kelsall)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_chancery#guatemala#2220 R Street NW, Washington, DC 20008)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_telephone#guatemala#[1] {202} 745-4952 through 4954)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_fax#guatemala#[1] {202} 745-1908)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_consulate{s}_general#guatemala#Chicago, Houston, Los Angeles, Miami, New York, and San Francisco)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_chief_of_mission#guatemala#Ambassador Marilyn McAFEE)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_embassy#guatemala#7-01 Avenida de la Reforma, Zone 10, Guatemala City)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_mailing_address#guatemala#APO AA 34024)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_telephone#guatemala#[502] {2} 311541)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_fax#guatemala#[502] {2} 318885)
(government_flag#guatemala#three equal vertical bands of light blue {hoist side}, white, and light blue with the coat of arms centered in the white band; the coat of arms includes a green and red quetzal {the national bird} and a scroll bearing the inscription LIBERTAD 15 DE SEPTIEMBRE DE 1821 {the original date of independence from Spain} all superimposed on a pair of crossed rifles and a pair of crossed swords and framed by a wreath)
(economy_economic_overview#guatemala#The economy is based on family and corporate agriculture, which accounts for 25% of GDP, employs about 60% of the labor force, and supplies two-thirds of exports. Manufacturing, predominantly in private hands, accounts for about 20% of GDP and 12% of the labor force. In both 1990 and 1991, the economy grew by 3%, the fourth and fifth consecutive years of mild growth. In 1992 growth picked up to almost 5% as government policies favoring competition and foreign trade and investment took stronger hold. In 1993-94, despite political unrest, this momentum continued, foreign investment held up, and annual growth averaged 4%. Strong international prices for Guatemala's traditional commodity exports featured 4.9% growth in 1995. Given the markedly uneven distribution of land and income, the government faces major obstacles in its program of economic modernization and the reduction of poverty.)
(economy_gdp#guatemala#purchasing power parity - $36.7 billion {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_real_growth_rate#guatemala#4.9% {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_per_capita#guatemala#$3,300 {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_agriculture#guatemala#25%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_industry#guatemala#20%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_services#guatemala#55%)
(economy_inflation_rate_{consumer_prices}#guatemala#9% {1995 est.})
(economy_labor_force#guatemala#3.2 million {1994 est.})
(economy_labor_force_by_occupation#guatemala#agriculture 60%, services 13%, manufacturing 12%, commerce 7%, construction 4%, transport 3%, utilities 0.7%, mining 0.3% {1985})
(economy_unemployment_rate#guatemala#4.9%; underemployment 30%-40% {1994 est.})
(economy_budget_revenues#guatemala#$1.6 billion)
(economy_budget_expenditures#guatemala#$1.88 billion, including capital expenditures of $570 million {1996 est.})
(economy_industries#guatemala#sugar, textiles and clothing, furniture, chemicals, petroleum, metals, rubber, tourism)
(economy_industrial_production_growth_rate#guatemala#NA%)
(economy_electricity_capacity#guatemala#700,000 kW)
(economy_electricity_production#guatemala#2.3 billion kWh)
(economy_electricity_consumption_per_capita#guatemala#211 kWh {1993})
(economy_agriculture#guatemala#sugarcane, corn, bananas, coffee, beans, cardamom; cattle, sheep, pigs, chickens)
(economy_illicit_drugs#guatemala#transit country for cocaine shipments; illicit producer of opium poppy and cannabis for the international drug trade; the government has an active eradication program for cannabis and opium poppy)
(economy_exports#guatemala#$2.3 billion {f.o.b., 1995 est.})
(economy_exports_commodities#guatemala#coffee, sugar, bananas, cardamom, beef)
(economy_exports_partners#guatemala#US 30%, El Salvador, Costa Rica, Germany, Honduras)
(economy_imports#guatemala#$2.85 billion {c.i.f., 1995 est.})
(economy_imports_commodities#guatemala#fuel and petroleum products, machinery, grain, fertilizers, motor vehicles)
(economy_imports_partners#guatemala#US 44%, Mexico, Venezuela, Japan, Germany)
(economy_external_debt#guatemala#$3.1 billion {1995 est.})
(economy_economic_aid_recipient#guatemala#ODA, $84 million {1993})
(economy_currency#guatemala#1 quetzal {Q} = 100 centavos)
(economy_exchange_rates#guatemala#free market quetzales {Q} per US$1 - 5.9346 {December 1995}, 5.8103 {1995}, 5.7512 {1994}, 5,6354 {1993}, 5.1706 {1992}, 5.0289 {1991}; note - black-market rate 2.800 {May 1989})
(economy_fiscal_year#guatemala#calendar year)
(transportation_railways_total#guatemala#884 km {102 km privately owned})
(transportation_railways_narrow_gauge#guatemala#884 km 0.914-m gauge {single track})
(transportation_highways_total#guatemala#12,033 km)
(transportation_highways_paved#guatemala#3,117 km {including 125 km of expressways})
(transportation_highways_unpaved#guatemala#8,916 km {1992 est.})
(transportation_waterways#guatemala#260 km navigable year round; additional 730 km navigable during high-water season)
(transportation_pipelines#guatemala#crude oil 275 km)
(transportation_ports#guatemala#Champerico, Puerto Barrios, Puerto Quetzal, San Jose, Santo Tomas de Castilla)
(transportation_merchant_marine#guatemala#none)
(transportation_airports_total#guatemala#463)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_over_3,047_m#guatemala#1)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_2,438_to_3,047_m#guatemala#1)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_1,524_to_2,437_m#guatemala#2)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_914_to_1,523_m#guatemala#5)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_under_914_m#guatemala#320)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_2,438_to_3,047_m#guatemala#1)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_1,524_to_2,437_m#guatemala#9)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_914_to_1,523_m#guatemala#124 {1995 est.})
(communications_telephones#guatemala#210,000 {1993 est.})
(communications_telephone_system#guatemala#fairly modern network centered in the city of Guatemala)
(communications_telephone_system_domestic#guatemala#NA)
(communications_telephone_system_international#guatemala#connected to Central American Microwave System; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat {Atlantic Ocean})
(communications_radio_broadcast_stations#guatemala#AM 91, FM 0, shortwave 15)
(communications_radios#guatemala#400,000 {1993 est.})
(communications_television_broadcast_stations#guatemala#25)
(communications_televisions#guatemala#475,000 {1993 est.})
(defense_branches#guatemala#Army, Navy, Air Force)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_age_15-49#guatemala#2,659,155)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_fit_for_military_service#guatemala#1,737,850)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_reach_military_age_{18}_annually#guatemala#126,847 {1996 est.})
(defense_defense_expenditures#guatemala#exchange rate conversion - $130 million, 1% of GDP {1994})
(header_affiliation#guernsey#{British crown dependency})
(geography_location#guernsey#Western Europe, islands in the English Channel, northwest of France)
(geography_geographic_coordinates#guernsey#49 28 N, 2 35 W)
(geography_map_references#guernsey#Europe)
(geography_area_total_area#guernsey#194 sq km)
(geography_area_land_area#guernsey#194 sq km)
(geography_area_comparative_area#guernsey#slightly larger than Washington, DC)
(geography_area_note#guernsey#includes Alderney, Guernsey, Herm, Sark, and some other smaller islands)
(geography_land_boundaries#guernsey#0 km)
(geography_coastline#guernsey#50 km)
(geography_maritime_claims_exclusive_fishing_zone#guernsey#12 nm)
(geography_maritime_claims_territorial_sea#guernsey#3 nm)
(geography_international_disputes#guernsey#none)
(geography_climate#guernsey#temperate with mild winters and cool summers; about 50% of days are overcast)
(geography_terrain#guernsey#mostly level with low hills in southwest)
(geography_terrain_lowest_point#guernsey#Atlantic Ocean 0 m)
(geography_terrain_highest_point#guernsey#unnamed location on Sark 114 m)
(geography_natural_resources#guernsey#cropland)
(geography_land_use_arable_land#guernsey#NA%)
(geography_land_use_permanent_crops#guernsey#NA%)
(geography_land_use_meadows_and_pastures#guernsey#NA%)
(geography_land_use_forest_and_woodland#guernsey#NA%)
(geography_land_use_other#guernsey#NA%)
(geography_irrigated_land#guernsey#NA sq km)
(geography_environment_current_issues#guernsey#NA)
(geography_environment_natural_hazards#guernsey#NA)
(geography_environment_international_agreements#guernsey#NA)
(geography_geographic_note#guernsey#large, deepwater harbor at Saint Peter Port)
(people_population#guernsey#62,920 {July 1996 est.})
(people_age_structure_0-14_years#guernsey#18% {male 5,592; female 5,439})
(people_age_structure_15-64_years#guernsey#67% {male 20,636; female 21,472})
(people_age_structure_65_years_and_over#guernsey#15% {male 3,925; female 5,856} {July 1996 est.})
(people_population_growth_rate#guernsey#1.28% {1996 est.})
(people_birth_rate#guernsey#13.06 births/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_death_rate#guernsey#9.73 deaths/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_net_migration_rate#guernsey#9.44 migrant{s}/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_sex_ratio_at_birth#guernsey#1.04 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_under_15_years#guernsey#1.03 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_15-64_years#guernsey#0.96 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_65_years_and_over#guernsey#0.67 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_all_ages#guernsey#0.92 male{s}/female {1996 est.})
(people_infant_mortality_rate#guernsey#9.2 deaths/1,000 live births {1996 est.})
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_total_population#guernsey#78.22 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_male#guernsey#75.28 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_female#guernsey#81.27 years {1996 est.})
(people_total_fertility_rate#guernsey#1.56 children born/woman {1996 est.})
(people_nationality_noun#guernsey#Channel Islander{s})
(people_nationality_adjective#guernsey#Channel Islander)
(people_ethnic_divisions#guernsey#UK and Norman-French descent)
(people_religions#guernsey#Anglican, Roman Catholic, Presbyterian, Baptist, Congregational, Methodist)
(people_languages#guernsey#English, French, Norman-French dialect spoken in country districts)
(people_literacy#guernsey#NA)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_long_form#guernsey#Bailiwick of Guernsey)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_short_form#guernsey#Guernsey)
(government_data_code#guernsey#GK)
(government_type_of_government#guernsey#British crown dependency)
(government_capital#guernsey#Saint Peter Port)
(government_administrative_divisions#guernsey#none {British crown dependency})
(government_independence#guernsey#none {British crown dependency})
(government_national_holiday#guernsey#Liberation Day, 9 May {1945})
(government_constitution#guernsey#unwritten; partly statutes, partly common law and practice)
(government_legal_system#guernsey#English law and local statute; justice is administered by the Royal Court)
(government_suffrage#guernsey#18 years of age; universal)
(government_executive_branch_chief_of_state#guernsey#Queen ELIZABETH II {of the United Kingdom since 6 February 1952} is a hereditary monarch)
(government_executive_branch_head_of_government#guernsey#Lieutenant Governor and Commander in Chief Vice-Admiral Sir John COWARD {since NA 1994} and Bailiff Mr. Graham Martyn DOREY {since February 1992} were appointed by the queen)
(government_executive_branch_cabinet#guernsey#Advisory and Finance Committee {other committees}; appointed by the Assembly of the States)
(government_legislative_branch#guernsey#unicameral)
(government_assembly_of_the_states#guernsey#elections last held NA {next to be held NA}; results - no percent of vote by party since all are independents; seats - {60 total, 33 elected}, all independents)
(government_judicial_branch#guernsey#Royal Court)
(government_political_parties_and_leaders#guernsey#none; all independents)
(government_international_organization_participation#guernsey#none)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us#guernsey#none {British crown dependency})
(government_us_diplomatic_representation#guernsey#none {British crown dependency})
(government_flag#guernsey#white with the red cross of Saint George {patron saint of England} extending to the edges of the flag)
(economy_economic_overview#guernsey#Financial services account for about 55% of total income. Tourism, manufacturing, and horticulture, mainly tomatoes and cut flowers, have been declining. Bank profits {1992} registered a record 26% growth. Fund management and insurance are the two other major income generators.)
(economy_gdp#guernsey#$NA)
(economy_gdp_real_growth_rate#guernsey#NA%)
(economy_gdp_per_capita#guernsey#$NA)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_agriculture#guernsey#NA%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_industry#guernsey#NA%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_services#guernsey#NA%)
(economy_inflation_rate_{consumer_prices}#guernsey#7% {1988})
(economy_labor_force#guernsey#NA)
(economy_unemployment_rate#guernsey#3%-4% {1994 est.})
(economy_budget_revenues#guernsey#$238.3 million)
(economy_budget_expenditures#guernsey#$223.7 million, including capital expenditures of $NA {1993 est.})
(economy_industries#guernsey#tourism, banking)
(economy_industrial_production_growth_rate#guernsey#NA%)
(economy_electricity_capacity#guernsey#173,000 kW)
(economy_electricity_production#guernsey#525 million kWh)
(economy_electricity_consumption_per_capita#guernsey#9,060 kWh {1992})
(economy_agriculture#guernsey#tomatoes, greenhouse flowers, sweet peppers, eggplant, other vegetables, fruit; Guernsey cattle)
(economy_exports#guernsey#$NA)
(economy_exports_commodities#guernsey#tomatoes, flowers and ferns, sweet peppers, eggplant, other vegetables)
(economy_exports_partners#guernsey#UK {regarded as internal trade})
(economy_imports#guernsey#$NA)
(economy_imports_commodities#guernsey#coal, gasoline, and oil)
(economy_imports_partners#guernsey#UK {regarded as internal trade})
(economy_external_debt#guernsey#$NA)
(economy_economic_aid#guernsey#none)
(economy_currency#guernsey#1 Guernsey {úG} pound = 100 pence)
(economy_exchange_rates#guernsey#Guernsey pounds {úG} per US$1 - 0.6535 {January 1996}, 0.6335 {1995}, 0.6529 {1994}, 0.6658 {1993}, 0.5664 {1992}, 0.5652 {1991}; note - the Guernsey pound is at par with the British pound)
(economy_fiscal_year#guernsey#calendar year)
(transportation_railways#guernsey#0 km)
(transportation_highways_total#guernsey#NA km)
(transportation_highways_paved#guernsey#NA km)
(transportation_highways_unpaved#guernsey#NA km)
(transportation_ports#guernsey#Saint Peter Port, Saint Sampson)
(transportation_merchant_marine#guernsey#none)
(transportation_airports_total#guernsey#2)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_914_to_1,523_m#guernsey#1)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_under_914_m#guernsey#1 {1995 est.})
(communications_telephones#guernsey#41,850 {1983 est.})
(communications_telephone_system_domestic#guernsey#NA)
(communications_telephone_system_international#guernsey#1 submarine cable)
(communications_radio_broadcast_stations#guernsey#AM 1, FM 1, shortwave 0)
(communications_radios#guernsey#NA)
(communications_television_broadcast_stations#guernsey#1)
(communications_televisions#guernsey#NA)
(defense_defense_note#guernsey#defense is the responsibility of the UK)
(geography_location#guinea#Western Africa, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean, between Guinea-Bissau and Sierra Leone)
(geography_geographic_coordinates#guinea#11 00 N, 10 00 W)
(geography_map_references#guinea#Africa)
(geography_area_total_area#guinea#245,860 sq km)
(geography_area_land_area#guinea#245,860 sq km)
(geography_area_comparative_area#guinea#slightly smaller than Oregon)
(geography_land_boundaries_total#guinea#3,399 km)
(geography_land_boundaries_border_countries#guinea#Guinea-Bissau 386 km, Cote d'Ivoire 610 km, Liberia 563 km, Mali 858 km, Senegal 330 km, Sierra Leone 652 km)
(geography_coastline#guinea#320 km)
(geography_maritime_claims_exclusive_economic_zone#guinea#200 nm)
(geography_maritime_claims_territorial_sea#guinea#12 nm)
(geography_international_disputes#guinea#none)
(geography_climate#guinea#generally hot and humid; monsoonal-type rainy season {June to November} with southwesterly winds; dry season {December to May} with northeasterly harmattan winds)
(geography_terrain#guinea#generally flat coastal plain, hilly to mountainous interior)
(geography_terrain_lowest_point#guinea#Atlantic Ocean 0 m)
(geography_terrain_highest_point#guinea#Mont Nimba 1,752 m)
(geography_natural_resources#guinea#bauxite, iron ore, diamonds, gold, uranium, hydropower, fish)
(geography_land_use_arable_land#guinea#6%)
(geography_land_use_permanent_crops#guinea#0%)
(geography_land_use_meadows_and_pastures#guinea#12%)
(geography_land_use_forest_and_woodland#guinea#42%)
(geography_land_use_other#guinea#40%)
(geography_irrigated_land#guinea#240 sq km {1989 est.})
(geography_environment_current_issues#guinea#deforestation; inadequate supplies of potable water; desertification; soil contamination and erosion; overfishing)
(geography_environment_natural_hazards#guinea#hot, dry, dusty harmattan haze may reduce visibility during dry season)
(geography_environment_international_agreements#guinea#party to - Biodiversity, Climate Change, Endangered Species, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands; signed, but not ratified - Desertification, Hazardous Wastes)
(people_population#guinea#7,411,981 {July 1996 est.})
(people_age_structure_0-14_years#guinea#44% {male 1,632,414; female 1,637,007})
(people_age_structure_15-64_years#guinea#53% {male 1,928,586; female 2,013,343})
(people_age_structure_65_years_and_over#guinea#3% {male 84,005; female 116,626} {July 1996 est.})
(people_population_growth_rate#guinea#1.85% {1996 est.})
(people_birth_rate#guinea#42.59 births/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_death_rate#guinea#18.71 deaths/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_net_migration_rate#guinea#-5.4 migrant{s}/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_net_migration_rate_note#guinea#in prior years Guinea received several hundred thousand refugees from the civil wars in Liberia and Sierra Leone, many of whom are now returning to their own countries)
(people_sex_ratio_at_birth#guinea#1.03 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_under_15_years#guinea#1 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_15-64_years#guinea#0.96 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_65_years_and_over#guinea#0.72 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_all_ages#guinea#0.97 male{s}/female {1996 est.})
(people_infant_mortality_rate#guinea#134.1 deaths/1,000 live births {1996 est.})
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_total_population#guinea#45.06 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_male#guinea#42.73 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_female#guinea#47.47 years {1996 est.})
(people_total_fertility_rate#guinea#5.72 children born/woman {1996 est.})
(people_nationality_noun#guinea#Guinean{s})
(people_nationality_adjective#guinea#Guinean)
(people_ethnic_divisions#guinea#Peuhl 40%, Malinke 30%, Soussou 20%, smaller tribes 10%)
(people_religions#guinea#Muslim 85%, Christian 8%, indigenous beliefs 7%)
(people_languages#guinea#French {official}, each tribe has its own language)
(people_literacy#guinea#age 15 and over can read and write {1995 est.})
(people_literacy_total_population#guinea#35.9%)
(people_literacy_male#guinea#49.9%)
(people_literacy_female#guinea#21.9%)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_long_form#guinea#Republic of Guinea)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_short_form#guinea#Guinea)
(government_name_of_country_local_long_form#guinea#Republique de Guinee)
(government_name_of_country_local_short_form#guinea#Guinee)
(government_name_of_country_former#guinea#French Guinea)
(government_data_code#guinea#GV)
(government_type_of_government#guinea#republic)
(government_capital#guinea#Conakry)
(government_administrative_divisions#guinea#33 administrative regions {regions administratives, singular - region administrative}; Beyla, Boffa, Boke, Conakry, Coyah, Dabola, Dalaba, Dinguiraye, Faranah, Forecariah, Fria, Gaoual, Gueckedou, Kankan, Kerouane, Kindia, Kissidougou, Koubia, Koundara, Kouroussa, Labe, Lelouma, Lola, Macenta, Mali, Mamou, Mandiana, Nzerekore, Pita, Siguiri, Telimele, Tougue, Yomou)
(government_independence#guinea#2 October 1958 {from France})
(government_national_holiday#guinea#Anniversary of the Second Republic, 3 April {1984})
(government_constitution#guinea#23 December 1990 {Loi Fundamentale})
(government_legal_system#guinea#based on French civil law system, customary law, and decree; legal codes currently being revised; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction)
(government_suffrage#guinea#18 years of age; universal)
(government_executive_branch_chief_of_state_and_head_of_government#guinea#President Lansana CONTE, elected in the first multiparty election 19 December 1993 {president must be elected by a majority of the votes cast}; prior to the election he had ruled as head of military government since 5 April 1984)
(government_executive_branch_cabinet#guinea#Council of Ministers was appointed by the president)
(government_legislative_branch#guinea#unicameral)
(government_people's_national_assembly_{assemblee_nationale_populaire}#guinea#the People's National Assembly was dissolved after the 3 April 1984 coup; framework established in December 1991 for a new National Assembly with 114 seats; legislative elections were held on 11 June 1995; results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - {114 total} PUP 71, RPG 19, PRP 9, UNR 9, UPG 2, PDG 1, UNP 1, PDG/RDA 1, other 1)
(government_judicial_branch#guinea#Court of Appeal {Cour d'Appel})
(government_political_parties_and_leaders#guinea#political parties were legalized on 1 April 1992; of the more than 40 with legal status, the following won seats in the legislature in the 11 June 1995 elections)
(government_political_parties_and_leaders_pro-government#guinea#Party for Unity and Progress {PUP})
(government_political_parties_and_leaders_other#guinea#Rally for the Guinean People {RPG}, Alpha CONDE; Union for a New Republic {UNR}, Mamadou BAH; Party for Renewal and Progress {PRP}, Siradiou DIALLO; Union for Progress of Guinea {UPG}, Secretary-General Jean-Marie DORE; Democratic Party of Guinea {DPG}, Ahmed Sekou TOURE; National Union for the Prosperity of Guinea {UNPG}, Lt.Col. Facine TOURE, leader; Democratic Party of Guinea {PDG}, El Hadj Ismael Mohamed Gassim GUSHEIN, leader)
(government_international_organization_participation#guinea#ACCT, ACP, AfDB, CCC, ECA, ECOWAS, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, ITU, MINURSO, NAM, OAU, OIC, UN, UNAMIR, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_chief_of_mission#guinea#Ambassador Bangoura Mahawa CAMARA)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_chancery#guinea#2112 Leroy Place NW, Washington, DC 20008)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_telephone#guinea#[1] {202} 483-9420)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_fax#guinea#[1] {202} 483-8688)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_chief_of_mission#guinea#Ambassador Joseph A. SALOOM III)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_embassy#guinea#Rue KA 038, Conakry)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_mailing_address#guinea#B. P. 603, Conakry)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_telephone#guinea#[224] 41 15 20, 41 15 21, 41 15 23)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_fax#guinea#[224] 44 15 22)
(government_flag#guinea#three equal vertical bands of red {hoist side}, yellow, and green; uses the popular pan-African colors of Ethiopia; similar to the flag of Rwanda, which has a large black letter R centered in the yellow band)
(economy_economic_overview#guinea#Although possessing major mineral, hydropower, and agricultural resources, Guinea remains one of the poorest countries in the world. The agricultural sector employs 80% of the work force. Guinea possesses over 25% of the world's bauxite reserves. The mining sector accounted for 85% of exports in 1991. Long-run improvements in literacy, financial institutions, and the legal framework are needed if the country is to move out of poverty. Except in the bauxite industry, foreign investment remains minimal.)
(economy_gdp#guinea#purchasing power parity - $6.5 billion {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_real_growth_rate#guinea#4% {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_per_capita#guinea#$1,020 {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_agriculture#guinea#24%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_industry#guinea#31%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_services#guinea#45% {1995 est.})
(economy_inflation_rate_{consumer_prices}#guinea#4.1% {1994 est.})
(economy_labor_force#guinea#2.4 million {1983})
(economy_labor_force_by_occupation#guinea#agriculture 80.0%, industry and commerce 11.0%, services 5.4%, civil service 3.6%)
(economy_unemployment_rate#guinea#NA%)
(economy_budget_revenues#guinea#$449 million)
(economy_budget_expenditures#guinea#$708 million, including capital expenditures of $361 million {1990 est.})
(economy_industries#guinea#bauxite, gold, diamonds; alumina refining; light manufacturing and agricultural processing industries)
(economy_industrial_production_growth_rate#guinea#NA%)
(economy_electricity_capacity#guinea#180,000 kW)
(economy_electricity_production#guinea#520 million kWh)
(economy_electricity_consumption_per_capita#guinea#77 kWh {1993})
(economy_agriculture#guinea#rice, coffee, pineapples, palm kernels, cassava {tapioca}, bananas, sweet potatoes; cattle, sheep, goats; timber)
(economy_exports#guinea#$562 million {1994 est.})
(economy_exports_commodities#guinea#bauxite, alumina, diamonds, gold, coffee, pineapples, bananas, palm kernels)
(economy_exports_partners#guinea#US 23%, Belgium 12%, Ireland 12%, Spain 12%)
(economy_imports#guinea#$688 million {1994 est.})
(economy_imports_commodities#guinea#petroleum products, metals, machinery, transport equipment, textiles, grain and other foodstuffs)
(economy_imports_partners#guinea#France 26%, Cote d'Ivoire 12%, Hong Kong 6%, Germany 6%)
(economy_external_debt#guinea#$3.02 billion {1994})
(economy_economic_aid_recipient#guinea#ODA, $NA)
(economy_currency#guinea#1 Guinean franc {FG} = 100 centimes)
(economy_exchange_rates#guinea#Guinean francs {FG} per US$1 - 995.3 {August 1995}, 976.6 {1994}, 955.5 {1993}, 902.0 {1992}, 753.9 {1991})
(economy_exchange_rates_note#guinea#the official exchange rate of the Guinean franc was set and quoted weekly against the US dollar until end-October 1993; since 1 November 1994, the exchange rate is determined in the interbank market for foreign exchange)
(economy_fiscal_year#guinea#calendar year)
(transportation_railways_total#guinea#1,086 km)
(transportation_railways_standard_gauge#guinea#279 km 1.435-m gauge)
(transportation_railways_narrow_gauge#guinea#807 km 1.000-m gauge; note - includes 662 km in common carrier service from Kankan to Conakry)
(transportation_highways_total#guinea#29,750 km)
(transportation_highways_paved#guinea#4,490 km)
(transportation_highways_unpaved#guinea#25,260 km {1991 est.})
(transportation_waterways#guinea#1,295 km navigable by shallow-draft native craft)
(transportation_ports#guinea#Boke, Conakry, Kamsar)
(transportation_merchant_marine#guinea#none)
(transportation_airports_total#guinea#14)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_over_3,047_m#guinea#1)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_2,438_to_3,047_m#guinea#2)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_1,524_to_2,437_m#guinea#1)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_under_914_m#guinea#1)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_1,524_to_2,437_m#guinea#6)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_914_to_1,523_m#guinea#3 {1995 est.})
(communications_telephones#guinea#18,000 {1994 est.})
(communications_telephone_system#guinea#poor to fair system of open-wire lines, small radiotelephone communication stations, and new microwave radio relay system)
(communications_telephone_system_domestic#guinea#microwave radio relay and radiotelephone communication)
(communications_telephone_system_international#guinea#satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat {Atlantic Ocean})
(communications_radio_broadcast_stations#guinea#AM 3, FM 1, shortwave 0)
(communications_radios#guinea#257,000 {1992 est.})
(communications_television_broadcast_stations#guinea#1)
(communications_televisions#guinea#65,000 {1993 est.})
(defense_branches#guinea#Army, Navy {acts primarily as a coast guard}, Air Force, Republican Guard, Presidential Guard, paramilitary National Gendarmerie, National Police Force {Surete National})
(defense_manpower_availability_males_age_15-49#guinea#1,684,264)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_fit_for_military_service#guinea#849,404 {1996 est.})
(defense_defense_expenditures#guinea#exchange rate conversion - $50 million, 1.6% of GDP {1994})
(geography_location#guinea-bissau#Western Africa, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean, between Guinea and Senegal)
(geography_geographic_coordinates#guinea-bissau#12 00 N, 15 00 W)
(geography_map_references#guinea-bissau#Africa)
(geography_area_total_area#guinea-bissau#36,120 sq km)
(geography_area_land_area#guinea-bissau#28,000 sq km)
(geography_area_comparative_area#guinea-bissau#slightly less than three times the size of Connecticut)
(geography_land_boundaries_total#guinea-bissau#724 km)
(geography_land_boundaries_border_countries#guinea-bissau#Guinea 386 km, Senegal 338 km)
(geography_coastline#guinea-bissau#350 km)
(geography_maritime_claims_exclusive_economic_zone#guinea-bissau#200 nm)
(geography_maritime_claims_territorial_sea#guinea-bissau#12 nm)
(geography_international_disputes#guinea-bissau#none)
(geography_climate#guinea-bissau#tropical; generally hot and humid; monsoonal-type rainy season {June to November} with southwesterly winds; dry season {December to May} with northeasterly harmattan winds)
(geography_terrain#guinea-bissau#mostly low coastal plain rising to savanna in east)
(geography_terrain_lowest_point#guinea-bissau#Atlantic Ocean 0 m)
(geography_terrain_highest_point#guinea-bissau#unnamed location in the northeast corner of the country 300 m)
(geography_natural_resources#guinea-bissau#phosphates, bauxite, unexploited deposits of petroleum, fish, timber)
(geography_land_use_arable_land#guinea-bissau#11%)
(geography_land_use_permanent_crops#guinea-bissau#1%)
(geography_land_use_meadows_and_pastures#guinea-bissau#43%)
(geography_land_use_forest_and_woodland#guinea-bissau#38%)
(geography_land_use_other#guinea-bissau#7%)
(geography_irrigated_land#guinea-bissau#NA sq km)
(geography_environment_current_issues#guinea-bissau#deforestation; soil erosion; overgrazing; overfishing)
(geography_environment_natural_hazards#guinea-bissau#hot, dry, dusty harmattan haze may reduce visibility during dry season; brush fires)
(geography_environment_international_agreements#guinea-bissau#party to - Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Law of the Sea, Nuclear Test Ban, Wetlands)
(people_population#guinea-bissau#1,151,330 {July 1996 est.})
(people_age_structure_0-14_years#guinea-bissau#43% {male 247,471; female 246,725})
(people_age_structure_15-64_years#guinea-bissau#54% {male 295,132; female 329,681})
(people_age_structure_65_years_and_over#guinea-bissau#3% {male 15,603; female 16,718} {July 1996 est.})
(people_population_growth_rate#guinea-bissau#2.35% {1996 est.})
(people_birth_rate#guinea-bissau#39.7 births/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_death_rate#guinea-bissau#16.23 deaths/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_net_migration_rate#guinea-bissau#0 migrant{s}/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_sex_ratio_at_birth#guinea-bissau#1.03 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_under_15_years#guinea-bissau#1 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_15-64_years#guinea-bissau#0.9 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_65_years_and_over#guinea-bissau#0.93 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_all_ages#guinea-bissau#0.94 male{s}/female {1996 est.})
(people_infant_mortality_rate#guinea-bissau#115.8 deaths/1,000 live births {1996 est.})
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_total_population#guinea-bissau#48.28 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_male#guinea-bissau#46.63 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_female#guinea-bissau#49.99 years {1996 est.})
(people_total_fertility_rate#guinea-bissau#5.34 children born/woman {1996 est.})
(people_nationality_noun#guinea-bissau#Guinea-Bissauan{s})
(people_nationality_adjective#guinea-bissau#Guinea-Bissauan)
(people_ethnic_divisions#guinea-bissau#African 99% {Balanta 30%, Fula 20%, Manjaca 14%, Mandinga 13%, Papel 7%}, European and mulatto less than 1%)
(people_religions#guinea-bissau#indigenous beliefs 65%, Muslim 30%, Christian 5%)
(people_languages#guinea-bissau#Portuguese {official}, Criolo, African languages)
(people_literacy#guinea-bissau#age 15 and over can read and write {1995 est.})
(people_literacy_total_population#guinea-bissau#54.9%)
(people_literacy_male#guinea-bissau#68%)
(people_literacy_female#guinea-bissau#42.5%)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_long_form#guinea-bissau#Republic of Guinea-Bissau)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_short_form#guinea-bissau#Guinea-Bissau)
(government_name_of_country_local_long_form#guinea-bissau#Republica de Guine-Bissau)
(government_name_of_country_local_short_form#guinea-bissau#Guine-Bissau)
(government_name_of_country_former#guinea-bissau#Portuguese Guinea)
(government_data_code#guinea-bissau#PU)
(government_type_of_government#guinea-bissau#republic, formerly highly centralized, multiparty since mid-1991)
(government_capital#guinea-bissau#Bissau)
(government_administrative_divisions#guinea-bissau#9 regions {regioes, singular - regiao}; Bafata, Biombo, Bissau, Bolama, Cacheu, Gabu, Oio, Quinara, Tombali)
(government_independence#guinea-bissau#10 September 1974 {from Portugal})
(government_national_holiday#guinea-bissau#Independence Day, 10 September {1974})
(government_constitution#guinea-bissau#16 May 1984, amended 4 May 1991 {currently undergoing revision to liberalize popular participation in the government})
(government_legal_system#guinea-bissau#NA)
(government_suffrage#guinea-bissau#15 years of age; universal)
(government_executive_branch_chief_of_state#guinea-bissau#President of the Republic of Guinea-Bissau Joao Bernardo VIEIRA {assumed power 14 November 1980} was elected for a five-year term by universal suffrage; election last held August 1994 {next to be held 1999}; results - Joao Bernardo VIEIRA 52%, Kumba YALLA 48%)
(government_executive_branch_head_of_government#guinea-bissau#Prime Minister Manuel SATURNINO {since 5 November 1994} was appointed by the president)
(government_executive_branch_cabinet#guinea-bissau#Council of Ministers was appointed by the president)
(government_legislative_branch#guinea-bissau#unicameral)
(government_national_people's_assembly#guinea-bissau#{Assembleia Nacional Popular} elections last held 3 July and 7 August 1994 {next to be held 1999}; results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - {100 total} PAIGC 62, RGB 19, PRS 12, Union for Change Coalition 6, FLING 1)
(government_judicial_branch#guinea-bissau#none; there is a Ministry of Justice in the Council of Ministers)
(government_political_parties_and_leaders#guinea-bissau#African Party for the Independence of Guinea-Bissau and Cape Verde {PAIGC}, President Joao Bernardo VIEIRA, leader; Guinea-Bissau Resistance {RGB}, Helder Jorge VAZ Gomes Lopes, leader; Democratic Front {FD}; Social Renovation Party {PRS}, Koumba YALLA, leader; Union for Change Coalition; Front for the Liberation and Independence of Guinea {FLING}; Democratic Social Front {FDS}, Rafael BARBOSA, leader; Bafata Movement, Domingos Fernandes GARNER, leader; Guinea-Bissau Resistance {RGB}; Union for Change Coalition)
(government_international_organization_participation#guinea-bissau#ACCT {associate}, ACP, AfDB, ECA, ECOWAS, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Intelsat {nonsignatory user}, Interpol, IOM {observer}, ITU, NAM, OAU, OIC, UN, UNAMIR, UNAVEM III, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNOMIL, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_chief_of_mission#guinea-bissau#Ambassador Alfredo Lopes CABRAL)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_chancery#guinea-bissau#918 16th Street NW, Mezzanine Suite, Washington, DC 20006)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_telephone#guinea-bissau#[1] {202} 872-4222)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_fax#guinea-bissau#[1] {202} 872-4226)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_chief_of_mission#guinea-bissau#Ambassador Peggy BLACKFORD)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_embassy#guinea-bissau#Bairro de Penha, Bissau)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_mailing_address#guinea-bissau#C.P. 297, 1067 Bissau Codex, Bissau, Guinea-Bissau)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_telephone#guinea-bissau#[245] 252273, 252274, 252275, 252276)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_fax#guinea-bissau#[245] 252282)
(government_flag#guinea-bissau#two equal horizontal bands of yellow {top} and green with a vertical red band on the hoist side; there is a black five-pointed star centered in the red band; uses the popular pan-African colors of Ethiopia)
(economy_economic_overview#guinea-bissau#Guinea-Bissau ranks among the poorest countries in the world. Agriculture and fishing are the main economic activities. Cashew nuts, peanuts, and palm kernels are the primary exports. Exploitation of known mineral deposits is unlikely at present because of a weak infrastructure and the high cost of development. With IMF support, the country is committed to an economic reform program emphasizing monetary stability and private sector growth. This process will continue at a slow pace because of a heavy foreign debt burden and internal constraints.)
(economy_gdp#guinea-bissau#purchasing power parity - $1 billion {1994 est.})
(economy_gdp_real_growth_rate#guinea-bissau#NA%)
(economy_gdp_per_capita#guinea-bissau#$900 {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_agriculture#guinea-bissau#44%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_industry#guinea-bissau#8%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_services#guinea-bissau#48% {1993 est.})
(economy_inflation_rate_{consumer_prices}#guinea-bissau#15% {1994 est.})
(economy_labor_force#guinea-bissau#403,000 {est.})
(economy_labor_force_by_occupation#guinea-bissau#agriculture 90%, industry, services, and commerce 5%, government 5%)
(economy_unemployment_rate#guinea-bissau#NA%)
(economy_budget_revenues#guinea-bissau#$NA)
(economy_budget_expenditures#guinea-bissau#$NA, including capital expenditures of $NA)
(economy_industries#guinea-bissau#agricultural products processing, beer, soft drinks)
(economy_industrial_production_growth_rate#guinea-bissau#NA%)
(economy_electricity_capacity#guinea-bissau#22,000 kW)
(economy_electricity_production#guinea-bissau#40 million kWh)
(economy_electricity_consumption_per_capita#guinea-bissau#37 kWh {1993})
(economy_agriculture#guinea-bissau#rice, corn, beans, cassava {tapioca}, cashew nuts, peanuts, palm kernels, cotton; fishing and forest potential not fully exploited)
(economy_exports#guinea-bissau#$32 million {f.o.b., 1994})
(economy_exports_commodities#guinea-bissau#cashews, fish, peanuts, palm kernels)
(economy_exports_partners#guinea-bissau#Portugal, Spain, Senegal, India, Nigeria, Cote d'Ivoire)
(economy_imports#guinea-bissau#$63 million {f.o.b., 1994})
(economy_imports_commodities#guinea-bissau#foodstuffs, transport equipment, petroleum products, machinery and equipment)
(economy_imports_partners#guinea-bissau#Portugal, Netherlands, China, Germany, Senegal)
(economy_external_debt#guinea-bissau#$692 million {December 1993 est.})
(economy_economic_aid_recipient#guinea-bissau#ODA, $NA)
(economy_currency#guinea-bissau#1 Guinea-Bissauan peso {PG} = 100 centavos)
(economy_exchange_rates#guinea-bissau#Guinea-Bissauan pesos {PG} per US$1 - 17,659 {December 1995}, 12,892 {1994}, 10,082 {1993}, 6,934 {1992}, 3,659 {1991}, 2,185 {1990})
(economy_fiscal_year#guinea-bissau#calendar year)
(transportation_railways#guinea-bissau#0 km)
(transportation_highways_total#guinea-bissau#3,200 km)
(transportation_highways_paved#guinea-bissau#416 km)
(transportation_highways_unpaved#guinea-bissau#2,784 km {1988 est.})
(transportation_waterways#guinea-bissau#scattered stretches are important to coastal commerce)
(transportation_ports#guinea-bissau#Bissau)
(transportation_merchant_marine#guinea-bissau#none)
(transportation_airports_total#guinea-bissau#16)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_over_3,047_m#guinea-bissau#1)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_1,524_to_2,437_m#guinea-bissau#2)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_914_to_1,523_m#guinea-bissau#1)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_under_914_m#guinea-bissau#8)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_914_to_1,523_m#guinea-bissau#4 {1995 est.})
(communications_telephones#guinea-bissau#3,000 {1988 est.})
(communications_telephone_system#guinea-bissau#poor system)
(communications_telephone_system_domestic#guinea-bissau#combination of microwave radio relay, open-wire lines, and radiotelephone communications)
(communications_telephone_system_international#guinea-bissau#NA)
(communications_radio_broadcast_stations#guinea-bissau#AM 2, FM 3, shortwave 0)
(communications_radios#guinea-bissau#40,000 {1992 est.})
(communications_television_broadcast_stations#guinea-bissau#1)
(communications_televisions#guinea-bissau#NA)
(defense_branches#guinea-bissau#People's Revolutionary Armed Force {FARP; includes Army, Navy, and Air Force}, paramilitary force)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_age_15-49#guinea-bissau#259,738)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_fit_for_military_service#guinea-bissau#148,291 {1996 est.})
(defense_defense_expenditures#guinea-bissau#exchange rate conversion - $9 million, 4.5% of GDP {1994})
(geography_location#guyana#Northern South America, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean, between Suriname and Venezuela)
(geography_geographic_coordinates#guyana#5 00 N, 59 00 W)
(geography_map_references#guyana#South America)
(geography_area_total_area#guyana#214,970 sq km)
(geography_area_land_area#guyana#196,850 sq km)
(geography_area_comparative_area#guyana#slightly smaller than Idaho)
(geography_land_boundaries_total#guyana#2,462 km)
(geography_land_boundaries_border_countries#guyana#Brazil 1,119 km, Suriname 600 km, Venezuela 743 km)
(geography_coastline#guyana#459 km)
(geography_maritime_claims_continental_shelf#guyana#200 nm or to the outer edge of the continental margin)
(geography_maritime_claims_exclusive_fishing_zone#guyana#200 nm)
(geography_maritime_claims_territorial_sea#guyana#12 nm)
(geography_international_disputes#guyana#all of the area west of the Essequibo River claimed by Venezuela; Suriname claims area between New {Upper Courantyne} and Courantyne/Kutari Rivers {all headwaters of the Courantyne})
(geography_climate#guyana#tropical; hot, humid, moderated by northeast trade winds; two rainy seasons {May to mid-August, mid-November to mid-January})
(geography_terrain#guyana#mostly rolling highlands; low coastal plain; savanna in south)
(geography_terrain_lowest_point#guyana#Atlantic Ocean 0 m)
(geography_terrain_highest_point#guyana#Mount Roraima 2,835 m)
(geography_natural_resources#guyana#bauxite, gold, diamonds, hardwood timber, shrimp, fish)
(geography_land_use_arable_land#guyana#3%)
(geography_land_use_permanent_crops#guyana#0%)
(geography_land_use_meadows_and_pastures#guyana#6%)
(geography_land_use_forest_and_woodland#guyana#83%)
(geography_land_use_other#guyana#8%)
(geography_irrigated_land#guyana#1,300 sq km {1989 est.})
(geography_environment_current_issues#guyana#water pollution from sewage and agricultural and industrial chemicals; deforestation)
(geography_environment_natural_hazards#guyana#flash floods are a constant threat during rainy seasons)
(geography_environment_international_agreements#guyana#party to - Biodiversity, Climate Change, Endangered Species, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Tropical Timber 83, Whaling)
(people_population#guyana#712,091 {July 1996 est.})
(people_age_structure_0-14_years#guyana#33% {male 118,796; female 114,327})
(people_age_structure_15-64_years#guyana#63% {male 224,219; female 222,562})
(people_age_structure_65_years_and_over#guyana#4% {male 14,582; female 17,605} {July 1996 est.})
(people_population_growth_rate#guyana#-0.9% {1996 est.})
(people_birth_rate#guyana#19.03 births/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_death_rate#guyana#9.55 deaths/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_net_migration_rate#guyana#-18.47 migrant{s}/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_sex_ratio_at_birth#guyana#1.05 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_under_15_years#guyana#1.04 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_15-64_years#guyana#1.01 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_65_years_and_over#guyana#0.83 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_all_ages#guyana#1.01 male{s}/female {1996 est.})
(people_infant_mortality_rate#guyana#51.4 deaths/1,000 live births {1996 est.})
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_total_population#guyana#60.1 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_male#guyana#57.55 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_female#guyana#62.78 years {1996 est.})
(people_total_fertility_rate#guyana#2.19 children born/woman {1996 est.})
(people_nationality_noun#guyana#Guyanese {singular and plural})
(people_nationality_adjective#guyana#Guyanese)
(people_ethnic_divisions#guyana#East Indian 51%, black and mixed 43%, Amerindian 4%, European and Chinese 2%)
(people_religions#guyana#Christian 57%, Hindu 33%, Muslim 9%, other 1%)
(people_languages#guyana#English, Amerindian dialects)
(people_literacy#guyana#age 15 and over has ever attended school {1995 est.})
(people_literacy_total_population#guyana#98.1%)
(people_literacy_male#guyana#98.6%)
(people_literacy_female#guyana#97.5%)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_long_form#guyana#Co-operative Republic of Guyana)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_short_form#guyana#Guyana)
(government_name_of_country_former#guyana#British Guiana)
(government_data_code#guyana#GY)
(government_type_of_government#guyana#republic)
(government_capital#guyana#Georgetown)
(government_administrative_divisions#guyana#10 regions; Barima-Waini, Cuyuni-Mazaruni, Demerara-Mahaica, East Berbice-Corentyne, Essequibo Islands-West Demerara, Mahaica-Berbice, Pomeroon-Supenaam, Potaro-Siparuni, Upper Demerara-Berbice, Upper Takutu-Upper Essequibo)
(government_independence#guyana#26 May 1966 {from UK})
(government_national_holiday#guyana#Republic Day, 23 February {1970})
(government_constitution#guyana#6 October 1980)
(government_legal_system#guyana#based on English common law with certain admixtures of Roman-Dutch law; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction)
(government_suffrage#guyana#18 years of age; universal)
(government_executive_branch_chief_of_state#guyana#Executive President Cheddi JAGAN {since 9 October 1992}; the president is elected by the majority party in the National Assembly after legislative elections, which must be held within five years; legislative elections last held 5 October 1992 {next to be held NA 1997}; results - Cheddi JAGAN was elected president by the PPP)
(government_executive_branch_head_of_government#guyana#Prime Minister Sam HINDS {since 9 October 1992} was appointed by the president)
(government_executive_branch_cabinet#guyana#Cabinet of Ministers was appointed by the president; is responsible to the legislature)
(government_legislative_branch#guyana#unicameral)
(government_national_assembly#guyana#elections last held on 5 October 1992 {next to be held in 1997}; results - PPP 53.4%, PNC 42.3%, WPA 2%, TUF 1.2%; seats - {65 total, 53 elected} PPP 36, PNC 26, WPA 2, TUF 1)
(government_judicial_branch#guyana#Supreme Court of Judicature)
(government_political_parties_and_leaders#guyana#People's Progressive Party {PPP}, Cheddi JAGAN; People's National Congress {PNC}, Hugh Desmond HOYTE; Good and Green Georgetown {GGG}, Hamilton GREEN; Working People's Alliance {WPA}, Eusi KWAYANA, Rupert ROOPNARINE; Democratic Labor Movement {DLM}, Paul TENNASSEE; People's Democratic Movement {PDM}, Llewellyn JOHN; National Democratic Front {NDF}, Joseph BACCHUS; The United Force {TUF}, Manzoor NADIR; United Republican Party {URP}, Leslie RAMSAMMY; National Republican Party {NRP}, Robert GANGADEEN; Guyana Labor Party {GLP}, Nanda GOPAUL)
(government_other_political_or_pressure_groups#guyana#Trades Union Congress {TUC}; Guyana Council of Indian Organizations {GCIO}; Civil Liberties Action Committee {CLAC})
(government_other_political_or_pressure_groups_note#guyana#the latter two organizations are small and active but not well organized)
(government_international_organization_participation#guyana#ACP, C, Caricom, CCC, CDB, ECLAC, FAO, G-77, IADB, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Intelsat {nonsignatory user}, Interpol, IOC, ITU, LAES, NAM, OAS, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNMIH, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTrO)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_chief_of_mission#guyana#Ambassador Dr. Ali Odeen ISHMAEL)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_chancery#guyana#2490 Tracy Place NW, Washington, DC 20008)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_telephone#guyana#[1] {202} 265-6900, 6901)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_consulate{s}_general#guyana#New York)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_chief_of_mission#guyana#Ambassador David L. HOBBS)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_embassy#guyana#99-100 Young and Duke Streets, Kingston, Georgetown)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_mailing_address#guyana#P. O. Box 10507, Georgetown)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_telephone#guyana#[592] {2} 54900 through 54909, 57960 through 57969)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_fax#guyana#[592] {2} 58497)
(government_flag#guyana#green with a red isosceles triangle {based on the hoist side} superimposed on a long yellow arrowhead; there is a narrow black border between the red and yellow, and a narrow white border between the yellow and the green)
(economy_economic_overview#guyana#In 1995, Guyana, one of the poorest countries in the Western Hemisphere, posted its fifth straight year of economic growth of 5% or better, with the advance led by gold mining and by production of rice, sugar, and forestry products for export. Favorable factors include recovery in the key agricultural and mining sectors, a more favorable atmosphere for business initiative, a more realistic exchange rate, a sharp drop in the inflation rate, and the continued support of international organizations. Serious underlying economic problems will continue. Electric power has been in short supply and constitutes a major barrier to future gains in national output. The government must persist in efforts to manage its $2 billion external debt, control inflation, and extend the privatization program.)
(economy_gdp#guyana#purchasing power parity - $1.6 billion {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_real_growth_rate#guyana#5.1% {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_per_capita#guyana#$2,200 {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_agriculture#guyana#26.5%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_industry#guyana#27.8%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_services#guyana#45.7% {1993 est.})
(economy_inflation_rate_{consumer_prices}#guyana#8.1% {1995})
(economy_labor_force#guyana#268,000)
(economy_labor_force_by_occupation#guyana#industry and commerce 44.5%, agriculture 33.8%, services 21.7%)
(economy_labor_force_note#guyana#public-sector employment amounts to 60%-80% of the total labor force {1985})
(economy_unemployment_rate#guyana#12% {1992 est.})
(economy_budget_revenues#guyana#$209 million)
(economy_budget_expenditures#guyana#$303 million, including capital expenditures of $109 million {1995 est.})
(economy_industries#guyana#bauxite, sugar, rice milling, timber, fishing {shrimp}, textiles, gold mining)
(economy_industrial_production_growth_rate#guyana#5.6% {1994 est.})
(economy_electricity_capacity#guyana#110,000 kW)
(economy_electricity_production#guyana#230 million kWh)
(economy_electricity_consumption_per_capita#guyana#286 kWh {1993})
(economy_agriculture#guyana#sugar, rice, wheat, vegetable oils; beef, pork, poultry, dairy products; development potential exists for fishing and forestry)
(economy_illicit_drugs#guyana#transshipment point for narcotics from South America - primarily Venezuela - to the US and Europe; producer of cannabis)
(economy_exports#guyana#$453 million {f.o.b., 1994})
(economy_exports_commodities#guyana#sugar, bauxite/alumina, rice, shrimp, molasses)
(economy_exports_partners#guyana#UK 33%, US 31%, Canada 9%, France 5%, Japan 3% {1992})
(economy_imports#guyana#$456 million {c.i.f., 1994 est.})
(economy_imports_commodities#guyana#manufactures, machinery, petroleum, food)
(economy_imports_partners#guyana#US 37%, Trinidad and Tobago 13%, UK 11%, Italy 8%, Japan 5% {1992})
(economy_external_debt#guyana#$2.2 billion {1994 est.})
(economy_economic_aid_recipient#guyana#ODA, $NA)
(economy_currency#guyana#1 Guyanese dollar {G$} = 100 cents)
(economy_exchange_rates#guyana#Guyanese dollars {G$} per US$1 - 140.3 {January 1996}, 142.0 {1995}, 138.3 {1994}, 126.7 {1993}, 125.0 {1992}, 111.8 {1991})
(economy_fiscal_year#guyana#calendar year)
(transportation_railways_total#guyana#88 km)
(transportation_railways_standard_gauge#guyana#40 km 1.435-m gauge {dedicated to ore transport})
(transportation_railways_narrow_gauge#guyana#48 km 0.914-m gauge {dedicated to ore transport})
(transportation_highways_total#guyana#7,621 km)
(transportation_highways_paved#guyana#547 km)
(transportation_highways_unpaved#guyana#7,074 km {1987 est.})
(transportation_waterways#guyana#6,000 km total of navigable waterways; Berbice, Demerara, and Essequibo Rivers are navigable by oceangoing vessels for 150 km, 100 km, and 80 km, respectively)
(transportation_ports#guyana#Bartica, Georgetown, Linden, New Amsterdam, Parika)
(transportation_merchant_marine_total#guyana#1 cargo ship {1,000 GRT or over} totaling 1,317 GRT/2,558 DWT {1995 est.})
(transportation_airports#guyana#47)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_1,524_to_2,437_m#guyana#3)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_914_to_1,523_m#guyana#1)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_under_914_m#guyana#32)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_1,524_to_2,437_m#guyana#2)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_914_to_1,523_m#guyana#9 {1995 est.})
(communications_telephones#guyana#33,000 {1987 est.})
(communications_telephone_system#guyana#fair system for long-distance calling)
(communications_telephone_system_domestic#guyana#microwave radio relay network for trunk lines)
(communications_telephone_system_international#guyana#tropospheric scatter to Trinidad; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat {Atlantic Ocean})
(communications_radio_broadcast_stations#guyana#AM 4, FM 3, shortwave 1)
(communications_radios#guyana#398,000 {1992 est.})
(communications_television_broadcast_stations#guyana#0 {1987 est.})
(communications_televisions#guyana#32,000 {1992 est.})
(defense_branches#guyana#Guyana Defense Force {GDF; includes Ground Forces, Coast Guard, and Air Corps}, Guyana People's Militia {GPM}, Guyana National Service {GNS})
(defense_manpower_availability_males_age_15-49#guyana#197,548)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_fit_for_military_service#guyana#149,646 {1996 est.})
(defense_defense_expenditures#guyana#exchange rate conversion - $7 million, 1.7% of GDP {1994})
(geography_location#haiti#Caribbean, western one-third of the island of Hispaniola, between the Caribbean Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean, west of the Dominican Republic)
(geography_geographic_coordinates#haiti#19 00 N, 72 25 W)
(geography_map_references#haiti#Central America and the Caribbean)
(geography_area_total_area#haiti#27,750 sq km)
(geography_area_land_area#haiti#27,560 sq km)
(geography_area_comparative_area#haiti#slightly larger than Maryland)
(geography_land_boundaries_total#haiti#275 km)
(geography_land_boundaries_border_country#haiti#Dominican Republic 275 km)
(geography_coastline#haiti#1,771 km)
(geography_maritime_claims_contiguous_zone#haiti#24 nm)
(geography_maritime_claims_continental_shelf#haiti#to depth of exploitation)
(geography_maritime_claims_exclusive_economic_zone#haiti#200 nm)
(geography_maritime_claims_territorial_sea#haiti#12 nm)
(geography_international_disputes#haiti#claims US-administered Navassa Island)
(geography_climate#haiti#tropical; semiarid where mountains in east cut off trade winds)
(geography_terrain#haiti#mostly rough and mountainous)
(geography_terrain_lowest_point#haiti#Caribbean Sea 0 m)
(geography_terrain_highest_point#haiti#Chaine de la Selle 2,680 m)
(geography_natural_resources#haiti#bauxite)
(geography_land_use_arable_land#haiti#20%)
(geography_land_use_permanent_crops#haiti#13%)
(geography_land_use_meadows_and_pastures#haiti#18%)
(geography_land_use_forest_and_woodland#haiti#4%)
(geography_land_use_other#haiti#45%)
(geography_irrigated_land#haiti#750 sq km {1989 est.})
(geography_environment_current_issues#haiti#extensive deforestation {much of the remaining forested land is being cleared for agriculture and use as fuel}; soil erosion; inadequate supplies of potable water)
(geography_environment_natural_hazards#haiti#lies in the middle of the hurricane belt and subject to severe storms from June to October; occasional flooding and earthquakes; periodic droughts)
(geography_environment_international_agreements#haiti#party to - Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation; signed, but not ratified - Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Nuclear Test Ban)
(geography_geographic_note#haiti#shares island of Hispaniola with Dominican Republic {western one-third is Haiti, eastern two-thirds is the Dominican Republic})
(people_population#haiti#6,731,539 {July 1996 est.})
(people_age_structure_0-14_years#haiti#46% {male 1,568,943; female 1,523,406})
(people_age_structure_15-64_years#haiti#50% {male 1,614,679; female 1,758,388})
(people_age_structure_65_years_and_over#haiti#4% {male 132,460; female 133,663} {July 1996 est.})
(people_population_growth_rate#haiti#1.77% {1996 est.})
(people_birth_rate#haiti#38.15 births/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_death_rate#haiti#15.96 deaths/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_net_migration_rate#haiti#-4.52 migrant{s}/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_sex_ratio_at_birth#haiti#1.05 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_under_15_years#haiti#1.03 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_15-64_years#haiti#0.92 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_65_years_and_over#haiti#0.99 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_all_ages#haiti#0.97 male{s}/female {1996 est.})
(people_infant_mortality_rate#haiti#103.8 deaths/1,000 live births {1996 est.})
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_total_population#haiti#49.26 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_male#haiti#47.26 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_female#haiti#51.35 years {1996 est.})
(people_total_fertility_rate#haiti#5.69 children born/woman {1996 est.})
(people_nationality_noun#haiti#Haitian{s})
(people_nationality_adjective#haiti#Haitian)
(people_ethnic_divisions#haiti#black 95%, mulatto and European 5%)
(people_religions#haiti#Roman Catholic 80% {of which an overwhelming majority also practice Voodoo}, Protestant 16% {Baptist 10%, Pentecostal 4%, Adventist 1%, other 1%}, none 1%, other 3% {1982})
(people_languages#haiti#French {official} 10%, Creole)
(people_literacy#haiti#age 15 and over can read and write {1995 est.})
(people_literacy_total_population#haiti#45%)
(people_literacy_male#haiti#48%)
(people_literacy_female#haiti#42.2%)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_long_form#haiti#Republic of Haiti)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_short_form#haiti#Haiti)
(government_name_of_country_local_long_form#haiti#Republique d'Haiti)
(government_name_of_country_local_short_form#haiti#Haiti)
(government_data_code#haiti#HA)
(government_type_of_government#haiti#republic)
(government_capital#haiti#Port-au-Prince)
(government_administrative_divisions#haiti#9 departments, {departements, singular - departement}; Artibonite, Centre, Grand'Anse, Nord, Nord-Est, Nord-Ouest, Ouest, Sud, Sud-Est)
(government_independence#haiti#1 January 1804 {from France})
(government_national_holiday#haiti#Independence Day, 1 January {1804})
(government_constitution#haiti#approved March 1987, suspended June 1988, most articles reinstated March 1989; in October 1991, government claimed to be observing the constitution; return to constitutional rule, October 1994)
(government_legal_system#haiti#based on Roman civil law system; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction)
(government_suffrage#haiti#18 years of age; universal)
(government_executive_branch_chief_of_state#haiti#President Rene Garcia PREVAL {since 7 February 1996}, was elected for a five-year term by universal suffrage; election last held 17 December 1995 {next to be held by December 2000}; results - Rene PREVAL 88%, Leon JEUNE 2.5%, Victor BENOIT 2.3%)
(government_executive_branch_head_of_government#haiti#Prime Minister Rosny SMARTH {since March 1996} was appointed by the president)
(government_executive_branch_cabinet#haiti#Cabinet; was chosen by prime minister in consultation with the president)
(government_legislative_branch#haiti#bicameral National Assembly {Assemblee Nationale})
(government_senate#haiti#elections last held 25 June 1995 with reruns on 13 August and runoffs on 17 September {next to be held 25 June 1999}; results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - 27 total)
(government_chamber_of_deputies#haiti#elections last held 25 June 1995 with reruns on 13 August and runoffs on 17 September; results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - 83 total)
(government_judicial_branch#haiti#Court of Appeal {Cour de Cassation})
(government_political_parties_and_leaders#haiti#National Front for Change and Democracy {FNCD}, Evans PAUL and Turneb DELPE; National Cooperative Action Movement {MKN}, Volvick Remy JOSEPH; National Congress of Democratic Movements {CONACOM}, Victor BENOIT; Movement for the Installation of Democracy in Haiti {MIDH}, Marc BAZIN; National Progressive Revolutionary Party {PANPRA}, Serge GILLES; National Patriotic Movement of November 28 {MNP-28}, Dejean BELIZAIRE; National Agricultural and Industrial Party {PAIN}, Louis DEJOIE; Movement for National Reconstruction {MRN}, Rene THEODORE; Haitian Christian Democratic Party {PDCH}, Fritz PIERRE; Assembly of Progressive National Democrats {RDNP}, Leslie MANIGAT; National Labor Party {PNT}, Remy ZAMOR; Mobilization for National Development {MDN}, Hubert DE RONCERAY; Democratic Movement for the Liberation of Haiti {MODELH}, Francois LATORTUE; Haitian Social Christian Party {PSCH}, Gregoire EUGENE; Movement for the Organization of the Country {MOP}, Gesner COMEAU and Jean MOLIERE; Democratic Unity Confederation {KID}, Evans PAUL; National Lavalas Political Organization {OPL}, Gerard PIERRE-CHARLES; Open the Gate Party {PLB}, Renaud BERNARDIN; Haitian National Democratic Progressive Party {PNDPH}, Turneb DELPE)
(government_other_political_or_pressure_groups#haiti#Roman Catholic Church; Confederation of Haitian Workers {CTH}; Federation of Workers Trade Unions {FOS}; Autonomous Haitian Workers {CATH}; National Popular Assembly {APN}; Papaye Peasants Movement {MPP})
(government_international_organization_participation#haiti#ACCT, ACP, Caricom {observer}, CCC, ECLAC, FAO, G-77, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ITU, LAES, OAS, OPANAL, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_chief_of_mission#haiti#Ambassador Jean CASIMIR)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_chancery#haiti#2311 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_telephone#haiti#[1] {202} 332-4090 through 4092)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_fax#haiti#[1] {202} 745-7215)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_consulate{s}_general#haiti#Boston, Chicago, Miami, New York, and San Juan {Puerto Rico})
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_chief_of_mission#haiti#Ambassador William Lacy SWING)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_embassy#haiti#5 Harry Truman Boulevard, Port-au-Prince)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_mailing_address#haiti#P. O. Box 1761, Port-au-Prince)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_telephone#haiti#[509] 22-0354, 22-0368, 22-0200, 22-0612)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_fax#haiti#[509] 23-1641)
(government_flag#haiti#two equal horizontal bands of blue {top} and red with a centered white rectangle bearing the coat of arms, which contains a palm tree flanked by flags and two cannons above a scroll bearing the motto L'UNION FAIT LA FORCE {Union Makes Strength})
(economy_economic_overview#haiti#About 75% of the population lives in abject poverty. Nearly 70% of all Haitians depend on the agriculture sector, which consists mainly of small-scale subsistence farming and employs about two-thirds of the economically active work force. The country has experienced only moderate job creation since President ARISTIDE was returned to power in October 1994. Failure to reach agreement with multilateral lenders in late 1995 led to rising deficit spending and subsequently increasing inflation and a drop in the value of the Haitian currency in the final months of 1995. Potential investors, both foreign and domestic, have been reluctant to risk their capital, planning to "wait and see" what happens in the months following the inauguration of newly elected President Rene PREVAL and the drawdown of UN peacekeeping forces. The PREVAL government will have to grapple with implementing necessary, although unpopular, economic reforms in order to obtain badly needed foreign aid and improve Haiti's ability to attract foreign capital if the Haitian economy is to gain momentum. Haiti will continue to depend heavily on foreign aid in the medium term.)
(economy_gdp#haiti#purchasing power parity - $6.5 billion {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_real_growth_rate#haiti#4.5% {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_per_capita#haiti#$1,000 {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_agriculture#haiti#34.8%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_industry#haiti#23%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_services#haiti#42.2% {1991 est.})
(economy_inflation_rate_{consumer_prices}#haiti#14.5% {FY 94/95})
(economy_labor_force#haiti#2.3 million)
(economy_labor_force_by_occupation#haiti#agriculture 66%, services 25%, industry 9%)
(economy_labor_force_note#haiti#shortage of skilled labor, unskilled labor abundant {1982})
(economy_unemployment_rate#haiti#60% {1995 est.})
(economy_budget_revenues#haiti#$242 million)
(economy_budget_expenditures#haiti#$299.4 million including capital expenditures of $NA {FY94/95})
(economy_industries#haiti#sugar refining, flour milling, textiles, cement, tourism, light assembly industries based on imported parts)
(economy_industrial_production_growth_rate#haiti#2.5% {1995 est.})
(economy_electricity_capacity#haiti#150,000 kW)
(economy_electricity_production#haiti#590 million kWh)
(economy_electricity_consumption_per_capita#haiti#86 kWh {1993})
(economy_agriculture#haiti#coffee, mangoes, sugarcane, rice, corn, sorghum; wood)
(economy_illicit_drugs#haiti#transshipment point for cocaine and marijuana en route to the US and Europe)
(economy_exports#haiti#$161 million {f.o.b., 1995 est.})
(economy_exports_commodities#haiti#light manufactures 65%, coffee 19%, other agriculture 8%, other 8%)
(economy_exports_partners#haiti#US 81%, Europe 12% {1993})
(economy_imports#haiti#$537 million {f.o.b., 1995 est.})
(economy_imports_commodities#haiti#machines and manufactures 34%, food and beverages 22%, petroleum products 14%, chemicals 10%, fats and oils 9%)
(economy_imports_partners#haiti#US 51%, Europe 16%, Latin America 18% {1993})
(economy_external_debt#haiti#$827 million {September 1995 est.})
(economy_economic_aid_recipient#haiti#ODA, $NA)
(economy_currency#haiti#1 gourde {G} = 100 centimes)
(economy_exchange_rates#haiti#gourdes {G} per US$1 - 16.783 {January 1996}, 16.160 {1995}, 12.947 {1994}, 12.805 {1993}, 10.953 {1992}, 8.240 {1991})
(economy_fiscal_year#haiti#1 October - 30 September)
(transportation_railways_total#haiti#40 km {single track; privately owned industrial line}-closed in early 1990's)
(transportation_railways_narrow_gauge#haiti#40 km 0.760-m gauge)
(transportation_highways_total#haiti#3,978 km)
(transportation_highways_paved#haiti#944 km)
(transportation_highways_unpaved#haiti#3,034 km {1987 est.})
(transportation_waterways#haiti#negligible; less than 100 km navigable)
(transportation_ports#haiti#Cap-Haitien, Gonaives, Jacmel, Jeremie, Cayes, Miragoane, Port-au-Prince, Port-de-Paix, Saint-Marc)
(transportation_merchant_marine#haiti#none)
(transportation_airports_total#haiti#11)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_2,438_to_3,047_m#haiti#2)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_1,524_to_2,437_m#haiti#1)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_under_914_m#haiti#4)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_914_to_1,523_m#haiti#4 {1995 est.})
(communications_telephones#haiti#50,000 {1990 est.})
(communications_telephone_system#haiti#domestic facilities barely adequate, international facilities slightly better)
(communications_telephone_system_domestic#haiti#NA)
(communications_telephone_system_international#haiti#satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat {Atlantic Ocean})
(communications_radio_broadcast_stations#haiti#AM 33, FM 0, shortwave 2)
(communications_radios#haiti#320,000 {1992 est.})
(communications_television_broadcast_stations#haiti#4 {1987 est.})
(communications_televisions#haiti#32,000 {1992 est.})
(defense_branches#haiti#Haitian National Police)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_age_15-49#haiti#1,379,116)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_fit_for_military_service#haiti#746,617)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_reach_military_age_{18}_annually#haiti#67,287 {1996 est.})
(defense_defense_expenditures#haiti#$NA, NA% of GDP)
(header_affiliation#heard_island_and_mcdonald_islands#{territory of Australia})
(geography_location#heard_island_and_mcdonald_islands#Southern Africa, islands in the Indian Ocean, about two-thirds of the way from Madagascar to Antarctica)
(geography_geographic_coordinates#heard_island_and_mcdonald_islands#53 06 S, 72 31 E)
(geography_map_references#heard_island_and_mcdonald_islands#Antarctic Region)
(geography_area_total_area#heard_island_and_mcdonald_islands#412 sq km)
(geography_area_land_area#heard_island_and_mcdonald_islands#412 sq km)
(geography_area_comparative_area#heard_island_and_mcdonald_islands#1.5 times the size of Washington, DC)
(geography_land_boundaries#heard_island_and_mcdonald_islands#0 km)
(geography_coastline#heard_island_and_mcdonald_islands#101.9 km)
(geography_maritime_claims_exclusive_fishing_zone#heard_island_and_mcdonald_islands#200 nm)
(geography_maritime_claims_territorial_sea#heard_island_and_mcdonald_islands#3 nm)
(geography_international_disputes#heard_island_and_mcdonald_islands#none)
(geography_climate#heard_island_and_mcdonald_islands#antarctic)
(geography_terrain#heard_island_and_mcdonald_islands#Heard Island - bleak and mountainous, with a quiescent volcano; McDonald Islands - small and rocky)
(geography_terrain_lowest_point#heard_island_and_mcdonald_islands#Indian Ocean 0 m)
(geography_terrain_highest_point#heard_island_and_mcdonald_islands#Big Ben 2,745 m)
(geography_natural_resources#heard_island_and_mcdonald_islands#none)
(geography_land_use_arable_land#heard_island_and_mcdonald_islands#0%)
(geography_land_use_permanent_crops#heard_island_and_mcdonald_islands#0%)
(geography_land_use_meadows_and_pastures#heard_island_and_mcdonald_islands#0%)
(geography_land_use_forest_and_woodland#heard_island_and_mcdonald_islands#0%)
(geography_land_use_other#heard_island_and_mcdonald_islands#100%)
(geography_irrigated_land#heard_island_and_mcdonald_islands#0 sq km)
(geography_environment_current_issues#heard_island_and_mcdonald_islands#NA)
(geography_environment_natural_hazards#heard_island_and_mcdonald_islands#Heard Island is dominated by a dormant volcano called Big Ben)
(geography_environment_international_agreements#heard_island_and_mcdonald_islands#NA)
(geography_geographic_note#heard_island_and_mcdonald_islands#primarily used for research stations)
(people_population#heard_island_and_mcdonald_islands#uninhabited)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_long_form#heard_island_and_mcdonald_islands#Territory of Heard Island and McDonald Islands)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_short_form#heard_island_and_mcdonald_islands#Heard Island and McDonald Islands)
(government_data_code#heard_island_and_mcdonald_islands#HM)
(government_type_of_government#heard_island_and_mcdonald_islands#territory of Australia administered by the Ministry for Environment, Sport, and Territories)
(government_capital#heard_island_and_mcdonald_islands#none; administered from Canberra, Australia)
(government_independence#heard_island_and_mcdonald_islands#none {territory of Australia})
(government_flag#heard_island_and_mcdonald_islands#the flag of Australia is used)
(economy_economic_overview#heard_island_and_mcdonald_islands#no economic activity)
(transportation_ports#heard_island_and_mcdonald_islands#none; offshore anchorage only)
(defense_defense_note#heard_island_and_mcdonald_islands#defense is the responsibility of Australia)
(geography_location#holy_see_{vatican_city}#Southern Europe, an enclave of Rome {Italy})
(geography_geographic_coordinates#holy_see_{vatican_city}#41 54 N, 12 27 E)
(geography_map_references#holy_see_{vatican_city}#Europe)
(geography_area_total_area#holy_see_{vatican_city}#0.44 sq km)
(geography_area_land_area#holy_see_{vatican_city}#0.44 sq km)
(geography_area_comparative_area#holy_see_{vatican_city}#about 0.7 times the size of The Mall in Washington, DC)
(geography_land_boundaries_total#holy_see_{vatican_city}#3.2 km)
(geography_land_boundaries_border_country#holy_see_{vatican_city}#Italy 3.2 km)
(geography_coastline#holy_see_{vatican_city}#0 km {landlocked})
(geography_maritime_claims#holy_see_{vatican_city}#none {landlocked})
(geography_international_disputes#holy_see_{vatican_city}#none)
(geography_climate#holy_see_{vatican_city}#temperate; mild, rainy winters {September to mid-May} with hot, dry summers {May to September})
(geography_terrain#holy_see_{vatican_city}#low hill)
(geography_terrain_lowest_point#holy_see_{vatican_city}#unnamed location 19 m)
(geography_terrain_highest_point#holy_see_{vatican_city}#unnamed location 75 m)
(geography_natural_resources#holy_see_{vatican_city}#none)
(geography_land_use_arable_land#holy_see_{vatican_city}#0%)
(geography_land_use_permanent_crops#holy_see_{vatican_city}#0%)
(geography_land_use_meadows_and_pastures#holy_see_{vatican_city}#0%)
(geography_land_use_forest_and_woodland#holy_see_{vatican_city}#0%)
(geography_land_use_other#holy_see_{vatican_city}#100%)
(geography_irrigated_land#holy_see_{vatican_city}#0 sq km)
(geography_environment_current_issues#holy_see_{vatican_city}#NA)
(geography_environment_natural_hazards#holy_see_{vatican_city}#NA)
(geography_environment_international_agreements#holy_see_{vatican_city}#signed, but not ratified - Air Pollution, Environmental Modification)
(geography_geographic_note#holy_see_{vatican_city}#urban; landlocked; enclave of Rome, Italy; world's smallest state; outside the Vatican City, 13 buildings in Rome and Castel Gandolfo {the pope's summer residence} enjoy extraterritorial rights)
(people_population#holy_see_{vatican_city}#840 {July 1996 est.})
(people_population_growth_rate#holy_see_{vatican_city}#1.15% {1996 est.})
(people_nationality_noun#holy_see_{vatican_city}#none)
(people_nationality_adjective#holy_see_{vatican_city}#none)
(people_ethnic_divisions#holy_see_{vatican_city}#Italians, Swiss)
(people_religions#holy_see_{vatican_city}#Roman Catholic)
(people_languages#holy_see_{vatican_city}#Italian, Latin, various other languages)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_long_form#holy_see_{vatican_city}#The Holy See {State of the Vatican City})
(government_name_of_country_conventional_short_form#holy_see_{vatican_city}#Holy See {Vatican City})
(government_name_of_country_local_long_form#holy_see_{vatican_city}#Santa Sede {Stato della Citta del Vaticano})
(government_name_of_country_local_short_form#holy_see_{vatican_city}#Santa Sede {Citta del Vaticano})
(government_data_code#holy_see_{vatican_city}#VT)
(government_type_of_government#holy_see_{vatican_city}#monarchical-sacerdotal state)
(government_capital#holy_see_{vatican_city}#Vatican City)
(government_independence#holy_see_{vatican_city}#11 February 1929 {from Italy})
(government_national_holiday#holy_see_{vatican_city}#Installation Day of the Pope, 22 October {1978} {John Paul II})
(government_national_holiday_note#holy_see_{vatican_city}#Pope John Paul II was elected on 16 October 1978)
(government_constitution#holy_see_{vatican_city}#Apostolic Constitution of 1967 {effective 1 March 1968})
(government_legal_system#holy_see_{vatican_city}#NA)
(government_suffrage#holy_see_{vatican_city}#limited to cardinals less than 80 years old)
(government_executive_branch_chief_of_state#holy_see_{vatican_city}#Pope JOHN PAUL II {Karol WOJTYLA; since 16 October 1978} was elected for life by the College of Cardinals; election last held 16 October 1978 {next to be held after the death of the current pope}; results - Karol WOJTYLA was elected for life by the College of Cardinals)
(government_executive_branch_head_of_government#holy_see_{vatican_city}#Secretary of State Archbishop Angelo Cardinal SODANO {since NA 1991} was appointed by the pope)
(government_executive_branch_cabinet#holy_see_{vatican_city}#Pontifical Commission was appointed by Pope)
(government_legislative_branch#holy_see_{vatican_city}#unicameral Pontifical Commission)
(government_judicial_branch#holy_see_{vatican_city}#none; normally handled by Italy)
(government_political_parties_and_leaders#holy_see_{vatican_city}#none)
(government_other_political_or_pressure_groups#holy_see_{vatican_city}#none {exclusive of influence exercised by church officers})
(government_international_organization_participation#holy_see_{vatican_city}#IAEA, ICFTU, Intelsat, IOM {observer}, ITU, OAS {observer}, OSCE, UN {observer}, UNCTAD, UNHCR, UPU, WIPO, WToO {observer})
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_chief_of_mission#holy_see_{vatican_city}#Apostolic Pro-Nuncio Archbishop Agostino CACCIAVILLAN)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_chancery#holy_see_{vatican_city}#3339 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_telephone#holy_see_{vatican_city}#[1] {202} 333-7121)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_chief_of_mission#holy_see_{vatican_city}#Ambassador Raymond L. FLYNN)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_embassy#holy_see_{vatican_city}#Villa Domiziana, Via Delle Terme Deciane 26, Rome 00153)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_mailing_address#holy_see_{vatican_city}#PSC 59, APO AE 09624)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_telephone#holy_see_{vatican_city}#[39] {6} 46741)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_fax#holy_see_{vatican_city}#[39] {6} 5758346, 57300682)
(government_flag#holy_see_{vatican_city}#two vertical bands of yellow {hoist side} and white with the crossed keys of Saint Peter and the papal miter centered in the white band)
(economy_economic_overview#holy_see_{vatican_city}#This unique, noncommercial economy is supported financially by contributions {known as Peter's Pence} from Roman Catholics throughout the world, the sale of postage stamps and tourist mementos, fees for admission to museums, and the sale of publications. The incomes and living standards of lay workers are comparable to, or somewhat better than, those of counterparts who work in the city of Rome.)
(economy_labor_force#holy_see_{vatican_city}#NA)
(economy_labor_force_by_occupation#holy_see_{vatican_city}#dignitaries, priests, nuns, guards, and 3,000 lay workers who live outside the Vatican)
(economy_budget_revenues#holy_see_{vatican_city}#$175.5 million)
(economy_budget_expenditures#holy_see_{vatican_city}#$175 million, including capital expenditures of $NA {1994})
(economy_industries#holy_see_{vatican_city}#printing and production of a small amount of mosaics and staff uniforms; worldwide banking and financial activities)
(economy_electricity_capacity#holy_see_{vatican_city}#5,000 kW standby)
(economy_electricity_production#holy_see_{vatican_city}#power supplied by Italy)
(economy_electricity_consumption_per_capita#holy_see_{vatican_city}#NA kWh {1992})
(economy_currency#holy_see_{vatican_city}#1 Vatican lira {VLit} = 100 centesimi)
(economy_exchange_rates#holy_see_{vatican_city}#Vatican lire {VLit} per US$1 - 1,583.8 {January 1996}, 1,629.6 {1995}, 1,612.4 {1994}, 1,573.7 {1993}, 1,232.4 {1992}, 1,240.6 {1991}; note - the Vatican lira is at par with the Italian lira which circulates freely)
(economy_fiscal_year#holy_see_{vatican_city}#calendar year)
(transportation_railways_total#holy_see_{vatican_city}#862 meters; note - connects to Italy's network at Rome's Saint Peter's station)
(transportation_railways_narrow_gauge#holy_see_{vatican_city}#862 meters 1.435-m gauge)
(transportation_highways#holy_see_{vatican_city}#none; all city streets)
(transportation_ports#holy_see_{vatican_city}#none)
(transportation_airports#holy_see_{vatican_city}#none)
(communications_telephones#holy_see_{vatican_city}#2,000)
(communications_telephone_system#holy_see_{vatican_city}#automatic exchange)
(communications_telephone_system_domestic#holy_see_{vatican_city}#tied into Italian system)
(communications_telephone_system_international#holy_see_{vatican_city}#uses Italian system)
(communications_radio_broadcast_stations#holy_see_{vatican_city}#AM 3, FM 4, shortwave 0)
(communications_radios#holy_see_{vatican_city}#NA)
(communications_television_broadcast_stations#holy_see_{vatican_city}#0)
(communications_televisions#holy_see_{vatican_city}#NA)
(defense_defense_note#holy_see_{vatican_city}#defense is the responsibility of Italy; Swiss Papal Guards are posted at entrances to Vatican City)
(geography_location#honduras#Middle America, bordering the Caribbean Sea, between Guatemala and Nicaragua and bordering the North Pacific Ocean, between El Salvador and Nicaragua)
(geography_geographic_coordinates#honduras#15 00 N, 86 30 W)
(geography_map_references#honduras#Central America and the Caribbean)
(geography_area_total_area#honduras#112,090 sq km)
(geography_area_land_area#honduras#111,890 sq km)
(geography_area_comparative_area#honduras#slightly larger than Tennessee)
(geography_land_boundaries_total#honduras#1,520 km)
(geography_land_boundaries_border_countries#honduras#Guatemala 256 km, El Salvador 342 km, Nicaragua 922 km)
(geography_coastline#honduras#820 km)
(geography_maritime_claims_contiguous_zone#honduras#24 nm)
(geography_maritime_claims_continental_shelf#honduras#natural extension of territory or to 200 nm)
(geography_maritime_claims_exclusive_economic_zone#honduras#200 nm)
(geography_maritime_claims_territorial_sea#honduras#12 nm)
(geography_international_disputes#honduras#land boundary dispute with El Salvador mostly resolved by 11 September 1992 International Court of Justice {ICJ} decision; with respect to the maritime boundary in the Golfo de Fonseca, ICJ referred to an earlier agreement in this century and advised that some tripartite resolution among El Salvador, Honduras, and Nicaragua likely would be required; maritime boundary dispute with Nicaragua)
(geography_climate#honduras#subtropical in lowlands, temperate in mountains)
(geography_terrain#honduras#mostly mountains in interior, narrow coastal plains)
(geography_terrain_lowest_point#honduras#Caribbean Sea 0 m)
(geography_terrain_highest_point#honduras#Cerro Las Minas 2,870 m)
(geography_natural_resources#honduras#timber, gold, silver, copper, lead, zinc, iron ore, antimony, coal, fish)
(geography_land_use_arable_land#honduras#14%)
(geography_land_use_permanent_crops#honduras#2%)
(geography_land_use_meadows_and_pastures#honduras#30%)
(geography_land_use_forest_and_woodland#honduras#34%)
(geography_land_use_other#honduras#20%)
(geography_irrigated_land#honduras#900 sq km {1989 est.})
(geography_environment_current_issues#honduras#urban population expanding; deforestation results from logging and the clearing of land for agricultural purposes; further land degradation and soil erosion hastened by uncontrolled development and improper land use practices such as farming of marginal lands; mining activities polluting Lago de Yojoa {the country's largest source of freshwater} with heavy metals as well as several rivers and streams)
(geography_environment_natural_hazards#honduras#frequent, but generally mild, earthquakes; damaging hurricanes and floods along Caribbean coast)
(geography_environment_international_agreements#honduras#party to - Biodiversity, Climate Change, Endangered Species, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Tropical Timber 83, Wetlands; signed, but not ratified - Desertification, Tropical Timber 94)
(people_population#honduras#5,605,193 {July 1996 est.})
(people_age_structure_0-14_years#honduras#43% {male 1,220,188; female 1,177,725})
(people_age_structure_15-64_years#honduras#54% {male 1,496,625; female 1,520,918})
(people_age_structure_65_years_and_over#honduras#3% {male 91,126; female 98,611} {July 1996 est.})
(people_population_growth_rate#honduras#2.6% {1996 est.})
(people_birth_rate#honduras#33.38 births/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_death_rate#honduras#5.83 deaths/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_net_migration_rate#honduras#-1.53 migrant{s}/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_sex_ratio_at_birth#honduras#1.05 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_under_15_years#honduras#1.04 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_15-64_years#honduras#0.98 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_65_years_and_over#honduras#0.92 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_all_ages#honduras#1 male{s}/female {1996 est.})
(people_infant_mortality_rate#honduras#41.8 deaths/1,000 live births {1996 est.})
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_total_population#honduras#68.42 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_male#honduras#66.01 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_female#honduras#70.96 years {1996 est.})
(people_total_fertility_rate#honduras#4.41 children born/woman {1996 est.})
(people_nationality_noun#honduras#Honduran{s})
(people_nationality_adjective#honduras#Honduran)
(people_ethnic_divisions#honduras#mestizo {mixed Indian and European} 90%, Indian 7%, black 2%, white 1%)
(people_religions#honduras#Roman Catholic 97%, Protestant minority)
(people_languages#honduras#Spanish, Indian dialects)
(people_literacy#honduras#age 15 and over can read and write {1995 est.})
(people_literacy_total_population#honduras#72.7%)
(people_literacy_male#honduras#72.6%)
(people_literacy_female#honduras#72.7%)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_long_form#honduras#Republic of Honduras)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_short_form#honduras#Honduras)
(government_name_of_country_local_long_form#honduras#Republica de Honduras)
(government_name_of_country_local_short_form#honduras#Honduras)
(government_data_code#honduras#HO)
(government_type_of_government#honduras#republic)
(government_capital#honduras#Tegucigalpa)
(government_administrative_divisions#honduras#18 departments {departamentos, singular - departamento}; Atlantida, Choluteca, Colon, Comayagua, Copan, Cortes, El Paraiso, Francisco Morazan, Gracias a Dios, Intibuca, Islas de la Bahia, La Paz, Lempira, Ocotepeque, Olancho, Santa Barbara, Valle, Yoro)
(government_independence#honduras#15 September 1821 {from Spain})
(government_national_holiday#honduras#Independence Day, 15 September {1821})
(government_constitution#honduras#11 January 1982, effective 20 January 1982)
(government_legal_system#honduras#rooted in Roman and Spanish civil law; some influence of English common law; accepts ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations)
(government_suffrage#honduras#18 years of age; universal and compulsory)
(government_executive_branch_chief_of_state_and_head_of_government#honduras#President Carlos Roberto REINA Idiaquez {since 27 January 1994} was elected for a four-year term by a simple majority of the people; First Vice President General {Ret.} Walter LOPEZ; Second Vice President Juan DE LA CRUZ Avelar; Third Vice President Guadeloupe JEREZANO; election last held 28 November 1993 {next to be held November 1997}; results - Carlos Roberto REINA Idiaquez {PLH} 53%, Oswaldo RAMOS Soto {PNH} 41%, other 6%)
(government_executive_branch_cabinet#honduras#Cabinet)
(government_legislative_branch#honduras#unicameral)
(government_national_congress_{congreso_nacional}#honduras#elections last held on 27 November 1993 {next to be held November 1997}; results - PNH 53%, PLH 41%, PDCH 1.0%, PINU-SD 2.5%, other 2.5%; seats - {134 total} PNH 55, PLH 77, PINU-SD 2)
(government_judicial_branch#honduras#Supreme Court of Justice {Corte Suprema de Justica}, judges are elected for four-year terms by the National Assembly)
(government_political_parties_and_leaders#honduras#Liberal Party {PLH}, Rafael PINEDA Ponce, president; National Party of Honduras {PNH}, Oswaldo RAMOS Soto, president; National Innovation and Unity Party {PINU}, Olban VALLADARES, president; Christian Democratic Party {PDCH}, Efrain DIAZ Arrivillaga, president)
(government_other_political_or_pressure_groups#honduras#National Association of Honduran Campesinos {ANACH}; Honduran Council of Private Enterprise {COHEP}; Confederation of Honduran Workers {CTH}; National Union of Campesinos {UNC}; General Workers Confederation {CGT}; United Federation of Honduran Workers {FUTH}; Committee for the Defense of Human Rights in Honduras {CODEH}; Coordinating Committee of Popular Organizations {CCOP})
(government_international_organization_participation#honduras#BCIE, CACM, ECLAC, FAO, G-77, IADB, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ITU, LAES, LAIA {observer}, MINURSO, NAM, OAS, OPANAL, PCA, UN, UN Security Council {temporary}, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNMIH, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTrO)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_chief_of_mission#honduras#Ambassador Roberto FLORES Bermudez)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_chancery#honduras#3007 Tilden Street NW, Washington, DC 20008)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_telephone#honduras#[1] {202} 966-7702, 2604, 5008, 4596)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_fax#honduras#[1] {202} 966-9751)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_consulate{s}_general#honduras#Chicago, Houston, Los Angeles, Miami, New Orleans, New York, San Francisco, and San Juan {Puerto Rico})
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_consulate{s}#honduras#Boston, Detroit, and Jacksonville)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_chief_of_mission#honduras#Ambassador William T. PRYCE)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_embassy#honduras#Avenida La Paz, Apartado Postal No 3453, Tegucigalpa)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_mailing_address#honduras#American Embassy, APO AA 34022, Tegucigalpa)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_telephone#honduras#[504] 36-9320, 38-5114)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_fax#honduras#[504] 36-9037)
(government_flag#honduras#three equal horizontal bands of blue {top}, white, and blue with five blue five-pointed stars arranged in an X pattern centered in the white band; the stars represent the members of the former Federal Republic of Central America - Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, and Nicaragua; similar to the flag of El Salvador, which features a round emblem encircled by the words REPUBLICA DE EL SALVADOR EN LA AMERICA CENTRAL centered in the white band; also similar to the flag of Nicaragua, which features a triangle encircled by the word REPUBLICA DE NICARAGUA on top and AMERICA CENTRAL on the bottom, centered in the white band)
(economy_economic_overview#honduras#Honduras is one of the poorest countries in the Western Hemisphere. Agriculture, the most important sector of the economy, employs nearly two-thirds of the labor force and produces two-thirds of exports. Productivity remains low. Manufacturing, still in its early stages, employs about 9% of the labor force, and generates 20% of exports. Many basic problems face the economy, including rapid population growth, high unemployment, inflation, a lack of basic services, a large and inefficient public sector, and the dependence of the export sector mostly on coffee and bananas, which are subject to sharp price fluctuations. A far-reaching reform program, initiated by former President CALLEJAS in 1990 and scaled back by President REINA, is beginning to take hold.)
(economy_gdp#honduras#purchasing power parity - $10.8 billion {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_real_growth_rate#honduras#4% {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_per_capita#honduras#$1,980 {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_agriculture#honduras#30%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_industry#honduras#20%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_services#honduras#50% {1995 est.})
(economy_inflation_rate_{consumer_prices}#honduras#30% {1994 est.})
(economy_labor_force#honduras#1.3 million)
(economy_labor_force_by_occupation#honduras#agriculture 62%, services 20%, manufacturing 9%, construction 3%, other 6% {1985})
(economy_unemployment_rate#honduras#10%; underemployed 30%-40% {1992})
(economy_budget_revenues#honduras#$527 million)
(economy_budget_expenditures#honduras#$668 million, including capital expenditures of $166 million {1993 est.})
(economy_industries#honduras#sugar, coffee, textiles, clothing, wood products)
(economy_industrial_production_growth_rate#honduras#10% {1992 est.})
(economy_electricity_capacity#honduras#290,000 kW)
(economy_electricity_production#honduras#2.3 billion kWh)
(economy_electricity_consumption_per_capita#honduras#445 kWh {1993})
(economy_agriculture#honduras#bananas, coffee, citrus; beef; timber; shrimp;)
(economy_illicit_drugs#honduras#transshipment point for narcotics; illicit producer of cannabis, cultivated on small plots and used principally for local consumption)
(economy_exports#honduras#$843 million {f.o.b., 1994})
(economy_exports_commodities#honduras#bananas, coffee, shrimp, lobster, minerals, meat, lumber)
(economy_exports_partners#honduras#US 53%, Germany 11%, Belgium 8%, UK 5%)
(economy_imports#honduras#$1.1 billion {c.i.f. 1994})
(economy_imports_commodities#honduras#machinery and transport equipment, chemical products, manufactured goods, fuel and oil, foodstuffs)
(economy_imports_partners#honduras#US 50%, Mexico 8%, Guatemala 6%)
(economy_external_debt#honduras#$3.7 billion {1994})
(economy_economic_aid_recipient#honduras#ODA, $NA)
(economy_currency#honduras#1 lempira {L} = 100 centavos)
(economy_exchange_rates#honduras#lempiras {L} per US$1 - 10.3432 {December 1994}, 10.3432 {1995}, 9.4001 {1994}, 7.2600 {1993}, 5.8300 {1992}, 5.4000 {1991}; the lempira was allowed to float in 1992)
(economy_fiscal_year#honduras#calendar year)
(transportation_railways_total#honduras#595 km)
(transportation_railways_narrow_gauge#honduras#190 km 1.067-m gauge; 128 km 1.057-m gauge; 277 km 0.914-m gauge)
(transportation_railways_note#honduras#in 1993, there was a total of 988 km of track {1995})
(transportation_highways_total#honduras#14,203 km)
(transportation_highways_paved#honduras#2,533 km)
(transportation_highways_unpaved#honduras#11,670 km {1993 est.})
(transportation_waterways#honduras#465 km navigable by small craft)
(transportation_ports#honduras#La Ceiba, Puerto Castilla, Puerto Cortes, San Lorenzo, Tela, Puerto Lempira)
(transportation_merchant_marine_total#honduras#257 ships {1,000 GRT or over} totaling 769,518 GRT/1,148,423 DWT)
(transportation_merchant_marine_ships_by_type#honduras#bulk 29, cargo 165, chemical tanker 2, combination bulk 1, container 7, liquefied gas tanker 1, livestock carrier 3, oil tanker 19, passenger 1, passenger-cargo 3, refrigerated cargo 16, roll-on/roll-off cargo 7, short-sea passenger 2, vehicle carrier 1)
(transportation_merchant_marine_note#honduras#a flag of convenience registry; Russia owns 8 ships, Vietnam 4, North Korea 2, Greece 1, Japan 1, US 1, Iran 1 {1995 est.})
(transportation_airports_total#honduras#111)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_2,438_to_3,047_m#honduras#3)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_1,524_to_2,437_m#honduras#2)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_914_to_1,523_m#honduras#5)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_under_914_m#honduras#79)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_2,438_to_3,047_m#honduras#1)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_914_to_1,523_m#honduras#21 {1995 est.})
(communications_telephones#honduras#105,000 {1992 est.})
(communications_telephone_system#honduras#inadequate system)
(communications_telephone_system_domestic#honduras#NA)
(communications_telephone_system_international#honduras#satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat {Atlantic Ocean}; connected to Central American Microwave System)
(communications_radio_broadcast_stations#honduras#AM 176, FM 0, shortwave 7)
(communications_radios#honduras#2.115 million {1992 est.})
(communications_television_broadcast_stations#honduras#28)
(communications_televisions#honduras#400,000 {1992 est.})
(defense_branches#honduras#Army, Navy {includes Marines}, Air Force, Public Security Forces {FUSEP})
(defense_manpower_availability_males_age_15-49#honduras#1,322,525)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_fit_for_military_service#honduras#787,889)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_reach_military_age_{18}_annually#honduras#64,378 {1996 est.})
(defense_defense_expenditures#honduras#exchange rate conversion - $41 million, about 0.4% of GDP {1994})
(header_affiliation#hong_kong#{dependent territory of the UK})
(geography_location#hong_kong#Eastern Asia, bordering the South China Sea and China)
(geography_geographic_coordinates#hong_kong#22 15 N, 114 10 E)
(geography_map_references#hong_kong#Southeast Asia)
(geography_area_total_area#hong_kong#1,040 sq km)
(geography_area_land_area#hong_kong#990 sq km)
(geography_area_comparative_area#hong_kong#six times the size of Washington, DC)
(geography_land_boundaries_total#hong_kong#30 km)
(geography_land_boundaries_border_country#hong_kong#China 30 km)
(geography_coastline#hong_kong#733 km)
(geography_maritime_claims_territorial_sea#hong_kong#3 nm)
(geography_international_disputes#hong_kong#none)
(geography_climate#hong_kong#tropical monsoon; cool and humid in winter, hot and rainy from spring through summer, warm and sunny in fall)
(geography_terrain#hong_kong#hilly to mountainous with steep slopes; lowlands in north)
(geography_terrain_lowest_point#hong_kong#South China Sea 0 m)
(geography_terrain_highest_point#hong_kong#Tai Mo Shan 958 m)
(geography_natural_resources#hong_kong#outstanding deepwater harbor, feldspar)
(geography_land_use_arable_land#hong_kong#7%)
(geography_land_use_permanent_crops#hong_kong#1%)
(geography_land_use_meadows_and_pastures#hong_kong#1%)
(geography_land_use_forest_and_woodland#hong_kong#12%)
(geography_land_use_other#hong_kong#79%)
(geography_irrigated_land#hong_kong#20 sq km {1989})
(geography_environment_current_issues#hong_kong#air and water pollution from rapid urbanization)
(geography_environment_natural_hazards#hong_kong#occasional typhoons)
(geography_environment_international_agreements#hong_kong#NA)
(geography_geographic_note#hong_kong#more than 200 islands)
(people_population#hong_kong#6,305,413 {July 1996 est.})
(people_age_structure_0-14_years#hong_kong#19% {male 609,493; female 593,687})
(people_age_structure_15-64_years#hong_kong#70% {male 2,312,141; female 2,094,156})
(people_age_structure_65_years_and_over#hong_kong#11% {male 307,186; female 388,750} {July 1996 est.})
(people_population_growth_rate#hong_kong#1.77% {1996 est.})
(people_birth_rate#hong_kong#10.5 births/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_death_rate#hong_kong#5.23 deaths/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_net_migration_rate#hong_kong#12.42 migrant{s}/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_sex_ratio_at_birth#hong_kong#1.06 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_under_15_years#hong_kong#1.03 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_15-64_years#hong_kong#1.1 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_65_years_and_over#hong_kong#0.79 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_all_ages#hong_kong#1.05 male{s}/female {1996 est.})
(people_infant_mortality_rate#hong_kong#5.1 deaths/1,000 live births {1996 est.})
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_total_population#hong_kong#82.19 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_male#hong_kong#78.88 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_female#hong_kong#85.71 years {1996 est.})
(people_total_fertility_rate#hong_kong#1.3 children born/woman {1996 est.})
(people_nationality_noun#hong_kong#Chinese)
(people_nationality_adjective#hong_kong#Chinese)
(people_ethnic_divisions#hong_kong#Chinese 95%, other 5%)
(people_religions#hong_kong#eclectic mixture of local religions 90%, Christian 10%)
(people_languages#hong_kong#Chinese {Cantonese}, English)
(people_literacy#hong_kong#age 15 and over has ever attended school {1995 est.})
(people_literacy_total_population#hong_kong#92.2%)
(people_literacy_male#hong_kong#96%)
(people_literacy_female#hong_kong#88.2%)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_long_form#hong_kong#none)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_short_form#hong_kong#Hong Kong)
(government_name_of_country_abbreviation#hong_kong#HK)
(government_data_code#hong_kong#HK)
(government_type_of_government#hong_kong#dependent territory of the UK scheduled to revert to China on 1 July 1997)
(government_capital#hong_kong#Victoria)
(government_administrative_divisions#hong_kong#none {dependent territory of the UK})
(government_independence#hong_kong#none {dependent territory of the UK; the UK signed an agreement with China on 19 December 1984 to return Hong Kong to China on 1 July 1997; in the joint declaration, China promises to respect Hong Kong's existing social and economic systems and lifestyle})
(government_national_holiday#hong_kong#Liberation Day, 29 August {1945})
(government_constitution#hong_kong#unwritten; partly statutes, partly common law and practice; new Basic Law approved in March 1990 in preparation for 1997)
(government_legal_system#hong_kong#based on English common law)
(government_suffrage#hong_kong#direct election 18 years of age; universal for permanent residents living in the territory of Hong Kong for the past seven years; indirect election limited to about 100,000 professionals of electoral college and functional constituencies)
(government_executive_branch_chief_of_state#hong_kong#Queen ELIZABETH II {of the United Kingdom since 6 February 1952} is a hereditary monarch)
(government_executive_branch_head_of_government#hong_kong#Governor and President of the Executive Council Christopher Francis PATTEN {since 9 July 1992} was appointed by the Queen; Chief Secretary Anson CHAN Fang On-Sang {since 29 November 1993})
(government_executive_branch_cabinet#hong_kong#Executive Council was appointed by the Governor)
(government_legislative_branch#hong_kong#unicameral)
(government_legislative_council#hong_kong#indirect and direct elections last held 17 September 1995 {next to be held NA 1999}; results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - {60 total, 30 indirectly elected by functional constituencies, 20 directly elected, 10 elected by election committee} Democratic Party 21, Liberal Party 10, Democratic Alliance for the Betterment of Hong Kong 6, other parties and independents 23)
(government_judicial_branch#hong_kong#Supreme Court)
(government_political_parties_and_leaders#hong_kong#Democratic Party, Martin LEE, chairman; Liberal Party, Allen LEE, chairman; Democratic Alliance for the Betterment of Hong Kong, TSANG Yuk-shing, chairman; Hong Kong Democratic Foundation, Dr. Patrick SHIU Kin-ying, chairman)
(government_other_political_or_pressure_groups#hong_kong#Association for Democracy and People's Livelihood {ADPL}, Frederick FUNG Kin Kee, chairman; Liberal Democratic Federation, HU Fa-kuang, chairman; Federation of Trade Unions {pro-China}, LEE Chark-tim, president; Hong Kong and Kowloon Trade Union Council {pro-Taiwan}; Confederation of Trade Unions {pro-democracy}, LEE Cheuk-yan, chairman; Hong Kong General Chamber of Commerce; Chinese General Chamber of Commerce {pro-China}; Federation of Hong Kong Industries; Chinese Manufacturers' Association of Hong Kong; Hong Kong Professional Teachers' Union, CHEUNG Man-kwong, president; Hong Kong Alliance in Support of the Patriotic Democratic Movement in China, Szeto WAH, chairman)
(government_international_organization_participation#hong_kong#APEC, AsDB, CCC, ESCAP {associate}, ICFTU, IMO {associate}, Interpol {subbureau}, IOC, ISO {correspondent}, WCL, WMO, WTrO)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us#hong_kong#none {dependent territory of the UK})
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_chief_of_mission#hong_kong#Consul General Richard W. MUELLER)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_consulate_general{s}#hong_kong#26 Garden Road, Hong Kong)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_mailing_address#hong_kong#PSC 464, Box 30, FPO AP 96522-0002)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_telephone#hong_kong#[852] 2523-9011)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_fax#hong_kong#[852] 2845-1598)
(government_flag#hong_kong#blue with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side quadrant with the Hong Kong coat of arms on a white disk centered on the outer half of the flag; the coat of arms contains a shield {bearing two junks below a crown} held by a lion {representing the UK} and a dragon {representing China} with another lion above the shield and a banner bearing the words HONG KONG below the shield)
(economy_economic_overview#hong_kong#Hong Kong has a bustling free market economy with few tariffs or nontariff barriers. Natural resources are limited, and food and raw materials must be imported. Manufacturing and construction account for about 18% of GDP. Goods and services exports account for about 50% of GDP. Real GDP growth averaged a remarkable 8% in 1987-88, slowed to 3.0% in 1989-90, and picked up to 4.2% in 1991, 5.0% in 1992, 5.2% in 1993, 5.5% in 1994, and 5.0% in 1995. Unemployment, which has been declining since the mid-1980s, edged up from 2% to 3.5% in 1995. Notwithstanding, a shortage of labor continues to put upward pressure on prices and the cost of living. Prospects for 1996 remain bright so long as major trading partners continue to be reasonably prosperous and so long as investors feel China will support free market practices after the takeover in 1997.)
(economy_gdp#hong_kong#purchasing power parity - $152.4 billion {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_real_growth_rate#hong_kong#5% {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_per_capita#hong_kong#$27,500 {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_agriculture#hong_kong#0.2%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_industry#hong_kong#18.4%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_services#hong_kong#81.4% {1995 est.})
(economy_inflation_rate_{consumer_prices}#hong_kong#8.4% {1995})
(economy_labor_force#hong_kong#2,915,400 {1994})
(economy_labor_force_by_occupation#hong_kong#manufacturing 28.5%, wholesale and retail trade, restaurants, and hotels 27.9%, services 17.7%, financing, insurance, and real estate 9.2%, transport and communications 4.5%, construction 2.5%, other 9.7% {1989})
(economy_unemployment_rate#hong_kong#3.5% {1995 est.})
(economy_budget_revenues#hong_kong#$19 billion)
(economy_budget_expenditures#hong_kong#$14.1 billion, including capital expenditures of $289 million {FY94/95})
(economy_industries#hong_kong#textiles, clothing, tourism, electronics, plastics, toys, watches, clocks)
(economy_industrial_production_growth_rate#hong_kong#2% {1993 est.})
(economy_electricity_capacity#hong_kong#8,930,000 kW)
(economy_electricity_production#hong_kong#33 billion kWh)
(economy_electricity_consumption_per_capita#hong_kong#4,628 kWh {1993})
(economy_agriculture#hong_kong#fresh vegetables; poultry)
(economy_illicit_drugs#hong_kong#a hub for Southeast Asian heroin trade; transshipment and money-laundering center; increasing indigenous amphetamine abuse)
(economy_exports#hong_kong#$177.1 billion {including re-exports}{f.o.b., 1995 est.})
(economy_exports_commodities#hong_kong#clothing, textiles, yarn and fabric, footwear, electrical appliances, watches and clocks, toys)
(economy_exports_partners#hong_kong#China 33%, US 22%, Germany 5%, Japan 5%, UK 3% {1993})
(economy_imports#hong_kong#$195.4 billion {c.i.f., 1995})
(economy_imports_commodities#hong_kong#foodstuffs, transport equipment, raw materials, semimanufactures, petroleum; a large share is re-exported)
(economy_imports_partners#hong_kong#China 38%, Japan 17%, Taiwan 9%, US 7% {1993})
(economy_external_debt#hong_kong#none {1995})
(economy_economic_aid#hong_kong#$NA)
(economy_currency#hong_kong#1 Hong Kong dollar {HK$} = 100 cents)
(economy_exchange_rates#hong_kong#Hong Kong dollars {HK$} per US$ - 7.800 {1995}, 7.800 {1994}, 7.800 {1993}, 7.741 {1992}, 7.771 {1991}; note - linked to the US dollar at the rate of about 7.8 HK$ per 1 US$ since 1985)
(economy_fiscal_year#hong_kong#1 April - 31 March)
(transportation_railways_total#hong_kong#35 km)
(transportation_railways_standard_gauge#hong_kong#35 km 1.435-m gauge)
(transportation_highways_total#hong_kong#1,661 km)
(transportation_highways_paved#hong_kong#1,661 km)
(transportation_highways_unpaved#hong_kong#0 km {1994 est.})
(transportation_ports#hong_kong#Hong Kong)
(transportation_merchant_marine_total#hong_kong#238 ships {1,000 GRT or over} totaling 8,632,224 GRT/14,820,657 DWT)
(transportation_merchant_marine_ships_by_type#hong_kong#bulk 129, cargo 32, chemical tanker 1, combination bulk 4, combination ore/oil 3, container 39, liquefied gas tanker 3, multifunction large load carrier 1, oil tanker 17, refrigerated cargo 5, short-sea passenger 1, vehicle carrier 3)
(transportation_merchant_marine_note#hong_kong#a flag of convenience registry; includes ships from 17 countries among which are UK 51, China 11, Belgium 8, South Africa 8, US 8, Japan 7, Bermuda 6, Switzerland 6, Germany 3, and Israel 3 {1995 est.})
(transportation_airports_total#hong_kong#2)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_over_3,047_m#hong_kong#1)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_under_914_m#hong_kong#1 {1995 est.})
(transportation_airports_note#hong_kong#new international airport to be commissioned in 1997/98)
(transportation_heliports#hong_kong#1 {1995 est.})
(communications_telephones#hong_kong#4.13 million {1995 est.})
(communications_telephone_system#hong_kong#modern facilities provide excellent domestic and international services)
(communications_telephone_system_domestic#hong_kong#microwave radio relay links and extensive fiber-optic network)
(communications_telephone_system_international#hong_kong#satellite earth stations - 3 Intelsat {1 Pacific Ocean and 2 Indian Ocean}; coaxial cable to Guangzhou, China; access to 5 international submarine cables providing connections to ASEAN member nations, Japan, Taiwan, Australia, Middle East, and Western Europe)
(communications_radio_broadcast_stations#hong_kong#AM 6, FM 6, shortwave 0)
(communications_radios#hong_kong#3 million {1992 est.})
(communications_television_broadcast_stations#hong_kong#4 {British Broadcasting Corporation repeater 1; British Forces Broadcasting Service repeater 1})
(communications_televisions#hong_kong#1.75 million {1992 est.})
(defense_branches#hong_kong#Headquarters of British Forces, Army, Royal Navy, Royal Air Force, Royal Hong Kong Auxiliary Air Force, Royal Hong Kong Police Force)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_age_15-49#hong_kong#1,895,535)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_fit_for_military_service#hong_kong#1,442,072)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_reach_military_age_{18}_annually#hong_kong#46,248 {1996 est.})
(defense_defense_expenditures#hong_kong#exchange rate conversion - $207 million, 0.2% of GDP {FY92/93}; this represents 65% of the total cost of defending the colony, the remainder being paid by the UK)
(defense_defense_note#hong_kong#defense is the responsibility of the UK until 1 July 1997, when China will assume command)
(header_affiliation#howland_island#{territory of the US})
(geography_location#howland_island#Oceania, island in the North Pacific Ocean, about one-half of the way from Hawaii to Australia)
(geography_geographic_coordinates#howland_island#0 48 N, 176 38 W)
(geography_map_references#howland_island#Oceania)
(geography_area_total_area#howland_island#1.6 sq km)
(geography_area_land_area#howland_island#1.6 sq km)
(geography_area_comparative_area#howland_island#about three times the size of The Mall in Washington, DC)
(geography_land_boundaries#howland_island#0 km)
(geography_coastline#howland_island#6.4 km)
(geography_maritime_claims_exclusive_economic_zone#howland_island#200 nm)
(geography_maritime_claims_territorial_sea#howland_island#12 nm)
(geography_international_disputes#howland_island#none)
(geography_climate#howland_island#equatorial; scant rainfall, constant wind, burning sun)
(geography_terrain#howland_island#low-lying, nearly level, sandy, coral island surrounded by a narrow fringing reef; depressed central area)
(geography_terrain_lowest_point#howland_island#Pacific Ocean 0 m)
(geography_terrain_highest_point#howland_island#unnamed location 3 m)
(geography_natural_resources#howland_island#guano {deposits worked until late 1800s})
(geography_land_use_arable_land#howland_island#0%)
(geography_land_use_permanent_crops#howland_island#0%)
(geography_land_use_meadows_and_pastures#howland_island#0%)
(geography_land_use_forest_and_woodland#howland_island#5%)
(geography_land_use_other#howland_island#95%)
(geography_irrigated_land#howland_island#0 sq km)
(geography_environment_current_issues#howland_island#no natural fresh water resources)
(geography_environment_natural_hazards#howland_island#the narrow fringing reef surrounding the island can be a maritime hazard)
(geography_environment_international_agreements#howland_island#NA)
(geography_geographic_note#howland_island#almost totally covered with grasses, prostrate vines, and low-growing shrubs; small area of trees in the center; primarily a nesting, roosting, and foraging habitat for seabirds, shorebirds, and marine wildlife; feral cats)
(people_population#howland_island#uninhabited; note - American civilians evacuated in 1942 after Japanese air and naval attacks during World War II; occupied by US military during World War II, but abandoned after the war; public entry is by special-use permit only and generally restricted to scientists and educators)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_long_form#howland_island#none)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_short_form#howland_island#Howland Island)
(government_data_code#howland_island#HQ)
(government_type_of_government#howland_island#unincorporated territory of the US administered by the Fish and Wildlife Service of the US Department of the Interior as part of the National Wildlife Refuge System)
(government_capital#howland_island#none; administered from Washington, DC)
(government_flag#howland_island#the flag of the US is used)
(economy_economic_overview#howland_island#no economic activity)
(transportation_ports#howland_island#none; offshore anchorage only; note - there is one boat landing area along the middle of the west coast)
(transportation_airports#howland_island#airstrip constructed in 1937 for scheduled refueling stop on the round-the-world flight of Amelia Earhart and Fred Noonan - they left Lae, New Guinea, for Howland Island, but were never seen again; the airstrip is no longer serviceable)
(transportation_transportation_note#howland_island#Earhart Light is a day beacon near the middle of the west coast that was partially destroyed during World War II, but has since been rebuilt; named in memory of famed aviatrix Amelia Earhart)
(defense_defense_note#howland_island#defense is the responsibility of the US; visited annually by the US Coast Guard)
(geography_location#hungary#Central Europe, northwest of Romania)
(geography_geographic_coordinates#hungary#47 00 N, 20 00 E)
(geography_map_references#hungary#Europe)
(geography_area_total_area#hungary#93,030 sq km)
(geography_area_land_area#hungary#92,340 sq km)
(geography_area_comparative_area#hungary#slightly smaller than Indiana)
(geography_land_boundaries_total#hungary#2,009 km)
(geography_land_boundaries_border_countries#hungary#Austria 366 km, Croatia 329 km, Romania 443 km, Serbia and Montenegro 151 km {all with Serbia}, Slovakia 515 km, Slovenia 102 km, Ukraine 103 km)
(geography_coastline#hungary#0 km {landlocked})
(geography_maritime_claims#hungary#none {landlocked})
(geography_international_disputes#hungary#Gabcikovo Dam dispute with Slovakia)
(geography_climate#hungary#temperate; cold, cloudy, humid winters; warm summers)
(geography_terrain#hungary#mostly flat to rolling plains; hills and low mountains on the Slovakian border)
(geography_terrain_lowest_point#hungary#Tisza River 78 m)
(geography_terrain_highest_point#hungary#Kekes 1,014 m)
(geography_natural_resources#hungary#bauxite, coal, natural gas, fertile soils)
(geography_land_use_arable_land#hungary#51%)
(geography_land_use_permanent_crops#hungary#6%)
(geography_land_use_meadows_and_pastures#hungary#13%)
(geography_land_use_forest_and_woodland#hungary#18%)
(geography_land_use_other#hungary#12%)
(geography_irrigated_land#hungary#1,750 sq km {1989})
(geography_environment_current_issues#hungary#an early-1996 government study identified 179 areas that suffer from air pollution, 54 areas with polluted soil, and 32 areas with polluted underground water; the study estimated clean-up costs at $350 million, but the 1996 government budget allocates only about $7 million for this purpose)
(geography_environment_international_agreements#hungary#party to - Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Sulphur 85, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Marine Dumping, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands; signed, but not ratified - Air Pollution-Sulphur 94, Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Law of the Sea)
(geography_geographic_note#hungary#landlocked; strategic location astride main land routes between Western Europe and Balkan Peninsula as well as between Ukraine and Mediterranean basin)
(people_population#hungary#10,002,541 {July 1996 est.})
(people_age_structure_0-14_years#hungary#18% {male 907,963; female 867,536})
(people_age_structure_15-64_years#hungary#68% {male 3,325,529; female 3,464,588})
(people_age_structure_65_years_and_over#hungary#14% {male 538,106; female 898,819} {July 1996 est.})
(people_population_growth_rate#hungary#-0.68% {1996 est.})
(people_birth_rate#hungary#10.72 births/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_death_rate#hungary#15.06 deaths/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_net_migration_rate#hungary#-2.48 migrant{s}/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_sex_ratio_at_birth#hungary#1.05 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_under_15_years#hungary#1.05 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_15-64_years#hungary#0.96 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_65_years_and_over#hungary#0.6 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_all_ages#hungary#0.91 male{s}/female {1996 est.})
(people_infant_mortality_rate#hungary#12.3 deaths/1,000 live births {1996 est.})
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_total_population#hungary#69.02 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_male#hungary#64.23 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_female#hungary#74.04 years {1996 est.})
(people_total_fertility_rate#hungary#1.51 children born/woman {1996 est.})
(people_nationality_noun#hungary#Hungarian{s})
(people_nationality_adjective#hungary#Hungarian)
(people_ethnic_divisions#hungary#Hungarian 89.9%, Gypsy 4%, German 2.6%, Serb 2%, Slovak 0.8%, Romanian 0.7%)
(people_religions#hungary#Roman Catholic 67.5%, Calvinist 20%, Lutheran 5%, atheist and other 7.5%)
(people_languages#hungary#Hungarian 98.2%, other 1.8%)
(people_literacy#hungary#age 15 and over can read and write {1980 est.})
(people_literacy_total_population#hungary#99%)
(people_literacy_male#hungary#99%)
(people_literacy_female#hungary#98%)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_long_form#hungary#Republic of Hungary)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_short_form#hungary#Hungary)
(government_name_of_country_local_long_form#hungary#Magyar Koztarsasag)
(government_name_of_country_local_short_form#hungary#Magyarorszag)
(government_data_code#hungary#HU)
(government_type_of_government#hungary#republic)
(government_capital#hungary#Budapest)
(government_administrative_divisions#hungary#38 counties {megyek, singular - megye} and 1 capital city* {fovaros}; Bacs-Kiskun, Baranya, Bekes, Bekescsaba, Borsod-Abauj-Zemplen, Budapest*, Csongrad, Debrecen, Dunaujvaros, Eger, Fejer, Gyor, Gyor-Moson-Sopron, Hajdu-Bihar, Heves, Hodmezovasarhely, Jasz-Nagykun-Szolnok, Kaposvar, Kecskemet, Komarom-Esztergom, Miskolc, Nagykanizsa, Nograd, Nyiregyhaza, Pecs, Pest, Somogy, Sopron, Szabolcs-Szatmar-Bereg, Szeged, Szekesfehervar, Szolnok, Szombathely, Tatabanya, Tolna, Vas, Veszprem, Zala, Zalaegerszeg)
(government_independence#hungary#1001 {unification by King Stephen I})
(government_national_holiday#hungary#St. Stephen's Day {National Day}, 20 August {commemorates the founding of Hungarian state circa 1000 AD})
(government_constitution#hungary#18 August 1949, effective 20 August 1949, revised 19 April 1972; 18 October 1989 revision ensured legal rights for individuals and constitutional checks on the authority of the prime minister and also established the principle of parliamentary oversight)
(government_legal_system#hungary#in process of revision, moving toward rule of law based on Western model)
(government_suffrage#hungary#18 years of age; universal)
(government_executive_branch_chief_of_state#hungary#President Arpad GONCZ {since 3 August 1990; previously interim president from 2 May 1990} was elected for a four-year term by the National Assembly; election last held 19 June 1995 {next to be held NA 1999}; results - President GONCZ elected by parliamentary vote with a total of 259 votes out of 335)
(government_executive_branch_head_of_government#hungary#Prime Minister Gyula HORN {since 15 July 1994} was elected by the National Assembly on the recommendation of the president)
(government_executive_branch_cabinet#hungary#Council of Ministers was elected by the National Assembly on recommendation of the president)
(government_legislative_branch#hungary#unicameral)
(government_national_assembly_{orszaggyules}#hungary#elections last held on 8 and 29 May 1994 {next to be held spring 1998}; results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - {386 total} MSzP 209, SzDSz 70, MDF 37, FKgP 26, KDNP 22, FiDeSz 20, other 2)
(government_judicial_branch#hungary#Constitutional Court, judges are elected by the National Assembly)
(government_political_parties_and_leaders#hungary#Hungarian Democratic Forum {MDF}, Lajos FUR, chairman; Independent Smallholders {FKgP}, Jozsef TORGYAN, president; Hungarian Socialist Party {MSzP}, Gyula HORN, president; Christian Democratic People's Party {KDNP}, Gyorgy GICZY, president; Federation of Young Democrats {FiDeSz}, Viktor ORBAN, chairman; Alliance of Free Democrats {SzDSz}, Ivan PETO, chairman)
(government_political_parties_and_leaders_note#hungary#the Hungarian Socialist {Communist} Workers' Party {MSzMP} renounced Communism and became the Hungarian Socialist Party {MSzP} in October 1989; there is still a small MMP)
(government_international_organization_participation#hungary#Australia Group, BIS, CCC, CE, CEI, CERN, EBRD, ECE, EU {applicant}, FAO, G- 9, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, MINURSO, MTCR, NACC, NAM {guest}, NSG, OAS {observer}, OECD, OSCE, PCA, PFP, UN, UNAVEM III, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIKOM, UNMOT, UNOMIG, UNU, UPU, WEU {associate partner}, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO, ZC)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_chief_of_mission#hungary#Ambassador Gyorgy BANLAKI)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_chancery#hungary#3910 Shoemaker Street NW, Washington, DC 20008)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_telephone#hungary#[1] {202} 362-6730)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_fax#hungary#[1] {202} 966-8135)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_consulate{s}_general#hungary#Los Angeles and New York)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_chief_of_mission#hungary#Ambassador Donald M. BLINKEN)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_embassy#hungary#V. Szabadsag Ter 12, Budapest)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_mailing_address#hungary#Am Embassy, Unit 1320, APO AE 09213-1320)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_telephone#hungary#[36] {1} 267-4400, 269-9331)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_fax#hungary#[36] {1} 269-9326)
(government_flag#hungary#three equal horizontal bands of red {top}, white, and green)
(economy_economic_overview#hungary#Hungary, probably the most Western-oriented economy in East Europe before the transition to a market system began in 1990, made good progress in the initial years of transition. The reform process slowed in 1993-94, however, in part because of the May 1994 elections and the resulting change in government. By 1994 the privatization of state firms had ground to a halt, while both the budget and current account deficits soared to unsustainable levels - about 8% and 10% of GDP, respectively. The situation improved sharply in 1995; an austerity program introduced in March reduced both deficits, and a renewed privatization effort later in 1995 resulted in more than $3 billion worth of sales of state firms to foreign investors - money that will be used to reduce Hungary's large foreign debt. As for other macroeconomic developments, real GDP increased 2.9% in 1994 - following several years of steep decline - and about 1.5% in 1995. Unemployment reached 14% in early 1993 before gradually falling back to 10% in 1995. Inflation has oscillated; it reached 40% in mid-1991, dropped to 17% in early 1994, and then jumped back to 31% by mid-1995. Prospects for 1996 are good. With the government still committed to austerity, both the budget and current account deficits should fall to about 4% of GDP. Economic growth is expected to be about 2% and unemployment at about 10%, with inflation falling to 20% by yearend. In March 1996 the IMF signed a new standby loan agreement with Budapest, and the OECD approved Hungary's application for admission.)
(economy_gdp#hungary#purchasing power parity - $72.5 billion {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_real_growth_rate#hungary#1.5% {1995})
(economy_gdp_per_capita#hungary#$7,000 {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_agriculture#hungary#7.3%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_industry#hungary#37.5%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_services#hungary#55.2%)
(economy_inflation_rate_{consumer_prices}#hungary#28.3% {1995})
(economy_labor_force#hungary#4.8 million {1995})
(economy_labor_force_by_occupation#hungary#services, trade, government, and other 47.2%, industry 29.7%, agriculture 16.1%, construction 7.0% {1991})
(economy_unemployment_rate#hungary#10.4% {yearend 1995})
(economy_budget_revenues#hungary#$12.6 billion)
(economy_budget_expenditures#hungary#$13.8 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA {1995})
(economy_industries#hungary#mining, metallurgy, construction materials, processed foods, textiles, chemicals {especially pharmaceuticals}, motor vehicles)
(economy_industrial_production_growth_rate#hungary#6% {1995 est.})
(economy_electricity_capacity#hungary#6,740,000 kW)
(economy_electricity_production#hungary#31 billion kWh)
(economy_electricity_consumption_per_capita#hungary#3,012 kWh {1993})
(economy_agriculture#hungary#wheat, corn, sunflower seed, potatoes, sugar beets; pigs, cattle, poultry, dairy products)
(economy_illicit_drugs#hungary#major transshipment point for Southwest Asian heroin and transit point for South American cocaine destined for Western Europe; limited producer of precursor chemicals)
(economy_exports#hungary#$13 billion {f.o.b., 1995 est.})
(economy_exports_commodities#hungary#raw materials and semi-finished goods 36.4%, consumer goods 26.7%, food and agriculture 20.5%, capital goods 13.1%, fuels and energy 3.3% {1994})
(economy_exports_partners#hungary#Germany 28.2%, Austria 10.9%, Italy 8.5%, Russia 7.5%, US 4.0% {1994})
(economy_imports#hungary#$15 billion {f.o.b., 1995 est.})
(economy_imports_commodities#hungary#fuels and energy 11.0%, raw materials and semi-finished goods 36.9%, capital goods 23.3%, consumer goods 22.0%, food and agriculture 6.8% {1994})
(economy_imports_partners#hungary#Germany 23.4%, Austria 12.0%, Russia 12.0%, Italy 7.0%, UK 4.0% {1994})
(economy_external_debt#hungary#$32.7 billion {October 1995})
(economy_economic_aid_recipient#hungary#ODA, $136 million {1993})
(economy_economic_aid_note#hungary#assistance received from OECD countries and international organizations, $3,700 million {1990-93})
(economy_currency#hungary#1 forint {Ft} = 100 filler)
(economy_exchange_rates#hungary#forints per US$1 - 144 {January 1996}, 125.681 {1995},105.160 {1994}, 91.933 {1993}, 78.988 {1992}, 74.735 {1991})
(economy_fiscal_year#hungary#calendar year)
(transportation_railways_total#hungary#7,685 km)
(transportation_railways_broad_gauge#hungary#35 km 1.524-m gauge)
(transportation_railways_standard_gauge#hungary#7,474 km 1.435-m gauge {2,162 km electrified; 1,236 km double track})
(transportation_railways_narrow_gauge#hungary#176 km mostly 0.760-m gauge {1995})
(transportation_railways_note#hungary#Hungry and Austria jointly manage the cross-border standard-gauge railway between Gyor, Sopron, Ebenfurti, and Vasut, a distance of about 100 km)
(transportation_highways_total#hungary#158,711 km)
(transportation_highways_paved#hungary#69,992 km {including 441 km of expressways})
(transportation_highways_unpaved#hungary#88,719 km {1992 est.})
(transportation_waterways#hungary#1,622 km {1988})
(transportation_pipelines#hungary#crude oil 1,204 km; natural gas 4,387 km {1991})
(transportation_ports#hungary#Budapest, Dunaujvaros)
(transportation_merchant_marine_total#hungary#10 cargo ships {1,000 GRT or over} totaling 46,121 GRT/61,613 DWT {1995 est.})
(transportation_airports#hungary#78)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_over_3,047_m#hungary#2)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_2,438_to_3,047_m#hungary#7)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_1,524_to_2,437_m#hungary#4)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_under_914_m#hungary#1)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_2,438_to_3,047_m#hungary#7)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_1,524_to_2,437_m#hungary#9)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_914_to_1,523_m#hungary#14)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_under_914_m#hungary#34 {1994 est.})
(communications_telephones#hungary#1.52 million {1993 est.})
(communications_telephone_system#hungary#14,213 telex lines; automatic telephone network based on microwave radio relay system; 608,000 telephones on order; 12-15 year wait for a telephone; 49% of all telephones are in Budapest {1991 est.}; note - the former state-owned telecommunications firm MATAV - now privatized and managed by a US/German consortium - has ambitious plans to upgrade the inadequate system, including a contract with the German firm Siemens and the Swedish firm Ericsson to provide 600,000 new phone lines during 1996-98)
(communications_telephone_system_domestic#hungary#microwave radio relay)
(communications_telephone_system_international#hungary#satellite earth stations - 1 Intelsat and 1 Intersputnik {Atlantic Ocean Region})
(communications_radio_broadcast_stations#hungary#AM 32, FM 15, shortwave 0)
(communications_radios#hungary#6 million {1993 est.})
(communications_television_broadcast_stations#hungary#41 {Russian repeaters 8})
(communications_televisions#hungary#4.38 million {1993 est.})
(defense_branches#hungary#Ground Forces, Air and Air Defense Forces, Border Guard, Territorial Defense)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_age_15-49#hungary#2,552,794)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_fit_for_military_service#hungary#2,036,399)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_reach_military_age_{18}_annually#hungary#82,040 {1996 est.})
(defense_defense_expenditures#hungary#exchange rate conversion - $620 million, 1.7% of GDP {1995})
(geography_location#iceland#Northern Europe, island between the Greenland Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean, northwest of the UK)
(geography_geographic_coordinates#iceland#65 00 N, 18 00 W)
(geography_map_references#iceland#Arctic Region)
(geography_area_total_area#iceland#103,000 sq km)
(geography_area_land_area#iceland#100,250 sq km)
(geography_area_comparative_area#iceland#slightly smaller than Kentucky)
(geography_land_boundaries#iceland#0 km)
(geography_coastline#iceland#4,988 km)
(geography_maritime_claims_continental_shelf#iceland#200 nm or to the edge of the continental margin)
(geography_maritime_claims_exclusive_economic_zone#iceland#200 nm)
(geography_maritime_claims_territorial_sea#iceland#12 nm)
(geography_international_disputes#iceland#Rockall continental shelf dispute involving Denmark, Ireland, and the UK {Ireland and the UK have signed a boundary agreement in the Rockall area})
(geography_climate#iceland#temperate; moderated by North Atlantic Current; mild, windy winters; damp, cool summers)
(geography_terrain#iceland#mostly plateau interspersed with mountain peaks, icefields; coast deeply indented by bays and fiords)
(geography_terrain_lowest_point#iceland#Atlantic Ocean 0 m)
(geography_terrain_highest_point#iceland#Hvannadalshnukur 2,119 m)
(geography_natural_resources#iceland#fish, hydropower, geothermal power, diatomite)
(geography_land_use_arable_land#iceland#1%)
(geography_land_use_permanent_crops#iceland#0%)
(geography_land_use_meadows_and_pastures#iceland#20%)
(geography_land_use_forest_and_woodland#iceland#1%)
(geography_land_use_other#iceland#78%)
(geography_irrigated_land#iceland#NA sq km)
(geography_environment_current_issues#iceland#water pollution from fertilizer runoff; inadequate wastewater treatment)
(geography_environment_natural_hazards#iceland#earthquakes and volcanic activity)
(geography_environment_international_agreements#iceland#party to - Air Pollution, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands; signed, but not ratified - Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Marine Life Conservation)
(geography_geographic_note#iceland#strategic location between Greenland and Europe; westernmost European country; more land covered by glaciers than in all of continental Europe)
(people_population#iceland#270,292 {July 1996 est.})
(people_population_note#iceland#population data estimates based on average growth rate may differ slightly from official population data because of volatile migration rates)
(people_age_structure_0-14_years#iceland#24% {male 33,605; female 31,933})
(people_age_structure_15-64_years#iceland#64% {male 88,064; female 85,724})
(people_age_structure_65_years_and_over#iceland#12% {male 13,916; female 17,050} {July 1996 est.})
(people_population_growth_rate#iceland#0.83% {1996 est.})
(people_birth_rate#iceland#16.94 births/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_death_rate#iceland#6.17 deaths/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_net_migration_rate#iceland#-2.5 migrant{s}/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_sex_ratio_at_birth#iceland#1.05 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_under_15_years#iceland#1.05 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_15-64_years#iceland#1.03 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_65_years_and_over#iceland#0.82 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_all_ages#iceland#1.01 male{s}/female {1996 est.})
(people_infant_mortality_rate#iceland#4.3 deaths/1,000 live births {1996 est.})
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_total_population#iceland#80.08 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_male#iceland#77.68 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_female#iceland#82.6 years {1996 est.})
(people_total_fertility_rate#iceland#2.24 children born/woman {1996 est.})
(people_nationality_noun#iceland#Icelander{s})
(people_nationality_adjective#iceland#Icelandic)
(people_ethnic_divisions#iceland#homogeneous mixture of descendants of Norwegians and Celts)
(people_religions#iceland#Evangelical Lutheran 96%, other Protestant and Roman Catholic 3%, none 1% {1988})
(people_languages#iceland#Icelandic)
(people_literacy#iceland#age 15 and over can read and write {1976 est.})
(people_literacy_total_population#iceland#100%)
(people_literacy_male#iceland#NA%)
(people_literacy_female#iceland#NA%)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_long_form#iceland#Republic of Iceland)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_short_form#iceland#Iceland)
(government_name_of_country_local_long_form#iceland#Lyoveldio Island)
(government_name_of_country_local_short_form#iceland#Island)
(government_data_code#iceland#IC)
(government_type_of_government#iceland#republic)
(government_capital#iceland#Reykjavik)
(government_administrative_divisions#iceland#23 counties {syslar, singular - sysla} and 14 independent towns* {kaupstadhir, singular - kaupstadhur}; Akranes*, Akureyri*, Arnessysla, Austur-Bardhastrandarsysla, Austur-Hunavatnssysla, Austur-Skaftafellssysla, Borgarfjardharsysla, Dalasysla, Eyjafjardharsysla, Gullbringusysla, Hafnarfjordhur*, Husavik*, Isafjordhur*, Keflavik*, Kjosarsysla, Kopavogur*, Myrasysla, Neskaupstadhur*, Nordhur-Isafjardharsysla, Nordhur-Mulasys-la, Nordhur-Thingeyjarsysla, Olafsfjordhur*, Rangarvallasysla, Reykjavik*, Saudharkrokur*, Seydhisfjordhur*, Siglufjordhur*, Skagafjardharsysla, Snaefellsnes-og Hnappadalssysla, Strandasysla, Sudhur-Mulasysla, Sudhur-Thingeyjarsysla, Vesttmannaeyjar*, Vestur-Bardhastrandarsysla, Vestur-Hunavatnssysla, Vestur-Isafjardharsysla, Vestur-Skaftafellssysla)
(government_independence#iceland#17 June 1944 {from Denmark})
(government_national_holiday#iceland#Anniversary of the Establishment of the Republic, 17 June {1944})
(government_constitution#iceland#16 June 1944, effective 17 June 1944)
(government_legal_system#iceland#civil law system based on Danish law; does not accept compulsory ICJ jurisdiction)
(government_suffrage#iceland#18 years of age; universal)
(government_executive_branch_chief_of_state#iceland#President Vigdis FINNBOGADOTTIR {since 1 August 1980} was elected for a four-year term by universal suffrage; election last held 29 June 1988 {next to be held June 1996}; results - there was no election in 1992 as President Vigdis FINNBOGADOTTIR was unopposed)
(government_executive_branch_head_of_government#iceland#Prime Minister David ODDSSON {since 30 April 1991} was appointed by the president)
(government_executive_branch_cabinet#iceland#Cabinet was appointed by the president)
(government_legislative_branch#iceland#unicameral)
(government_parliament_{althing}#iceland#elections last held on 8 April 1995 {next to be held by April 1999}; results - Independence Party 37.1%, Progressive Party 23.3%, Social Democratic Party 11.4%, Socialists 14.3%, People's Movement 7.2%, Women's Party 4.9%; seats - {63 total} Independence 25, Progressive 15, Social Democratic 7, Socialists 9, People's Movement 4, Women's Party 3)
(government_judicial_branch#iceland#Supreme Court {Haestirettur}, justices are appointed for life by the president)
(government_political_parties_and_leaders#iceland#Independence Party {conservative}, David ODDSSON; Progressive Party {liberal}, Halldor ASGRIMSSON; Social Democratic Party, Jon Baldvin HANNIBALSSON; People's Alliance {left socialist}, Margret FRIMANNSDOTTIR; Women's Party, Kristin ASTGEIRSDOTTIR; People's Movement {centrist}; National Awakening {People's Revival Party}, Johanna SIGURDARDOTTIR)
(government_international_organization_participation#iceland#Australia Group, BIS, CCC, CE, EBRD, ECE, EFTA, FAO, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Inmarsat, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, ISO, ITU, MTCR, NACC, NATO, NC, NEA, NIB, OECD, OSCE, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNU, UPU, WEU {associate}, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTrO)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_chief_of_mission#iceland#Ambassador Einar BENEDIKTSSON)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_chancery#iceland#Suite 1200, 1156 15th Street NW, Washington, DC 20005)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_telephone#iceland#[1] {202} 265-6653 through 6655)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_fax#iceland#[1] {202} 265-6656)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_consulate{s}_general#iceland#New York)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_chief_of_mission#iceland#Ambassador Parker W. BORG)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_embassy#iceland#Laufasvegur 21, Reykjavik)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_mailing_address#iceland#US Embassy, PSC 1003, Box 40, FPO AE 09728-0340)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_telephone#iceland#[354] 5629100)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_fax#iceland#[354] 5629139)
(government_flag#iceland#blue with a red cross outlined in white that extends to the edges of the flag; the vertical part of the cross is shifted to the hoist side in the style of the Dannebrog {Danish flag})
(economy_economic_overview#iceland#Iceland's Scandinavian-type economy is basically capitalistic, but with an extensive welfare system, low unemployment, and comparatively even distribution of income. The economy is heavily dependent on the fishing industry, which provides nearly 75% of export earnings and employs 12% of the work force. In the absence of other natural resources - except energy - Iceland's economy is vulnerable to changing world fish prices. The economy, in recession since 1988, began to recover in 1993, posting 0.4% growth, but was still hampered by cutbacks in fish quotas as well as falling world prices for its main exports: fish and fish products, aluminum, and ferrosilicon. The center-right government plans to continue its policies of reducing the budget and current account deficits, limiting foreign borrowing, containing inflation, revising agricultural and fishing policies, diversifying the economy, and privatizing state-owned industries. The government, however, remains divided on the issue of EU membership, primarily because of Icelanders' concern about losing control over their fishing resources.)
(economy_gdp#iceland#purchasing power parity - $5 billion {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_real_growth_rate#iceland#3.2% {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_per_capita#iceland#$18,800 {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_agriculture#iceland#9.6%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_industry#iceland#22.1%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_services#iceland#68.3% {1994})
(economy_inflation_rate_{consumer_prices}#iceland#2.5% {1995 est.})
(economy_labor_force#iceland#127,900)
(economy_labor_force_by_occupation#iceland#commerce, transportation, and services 60.0%, manufacturing 12.5%, fishing and fish processing 11.8%, construction 10.8%, agriculture 4.0%, other 0.9% {1990})
(economy_unemployment_rate#iceland#3.9% {December 1995})
(economy_budget_revenues#iceland#$1.9 billion)
(economy_budget_expenditures#iceland#$2.1 billion, including capital expenditures of $297 million {1994 est.})
(economy_industries#iceland#fish processing, aluminum smelting, ferrosilicon production, geothermal power)
(economy_industrial_production_growth_rate#iceland#1.75% {1991 est.})
(economy_electricity_capacity#iceland#1,070,000 kW)
(economy_electricity_production#iceland#4.7 billion kWh)
(economy_electricity_consumption_per_capita#iceland#16,458 kWh {1993})
(economy_agriculture#iceland#potatoes, turnips; cattle, sheep; fish catch of about 1.1 million metric tons in 1992)
(economy_exports#iceland#$1.6 billion {f.o.b., 1994})
(economy_exports_commodities#iceland#fish and fish products, animal products, aluminum, ferrosilicon, diatomite)
(economy_exports_partners#iceland#EC 68% {UK 25%, Germany 12%}, US 11%, Japan 8% {1992})
(economy_imports#iceland#$1.5 billion {c.i.f., 1994})
(economy_imports_commodities#iceland#machinery and transportation equipment, petroleum products, foodstuffs, textiles)
(economy_imports_partners#iceland#EC 53% {Germany 14%, Denmark 10%, UK 9%}, Norway 14%, US 9% {1992})
(economy_external_debt#iceland#$2.5 billion {1993 est.})
(economy_economic_aid#iceland#$NA)
(economy_currency#iceland#1 Icelandic krona {IKr} = 100 aurar)
(economy_exchange_rates#iceland#Icelandic kronur {IKr} per US$1 - 65.970 {January 1996}, 64.692 {1995}, 69.944 {1994}, 67.603 {1993}, 57.546 {1992}, 58.996 {1991})
(economy_fiscal_year#iceland#calendar year)
(transportation_railways#iceland#0 km)
(transportation_highways_total#iceland#11,373 km)
(transportation_highways_paved#iceland#2,513 km)
(transportation_highways_unpaved#iceland#8,860 km {1992 est.})
(transportation_ports#iceland#Akureyri, Hornafjordur, Isafjordur, Keflavik, Raufarhofn, Reykjavik, Seydhisfjordhur, Straumsvik, Vestmannaeyjar)
(transportation_merchant_marine_total#iceland#6 ships {1,000 GRT or over} totaling 30,025 GRT/40,410 DWT)
(transportation_merchant_marine_ships_by_type#iceland#cargo 1, chemical tanker 1, oil tanker 1, refrigerated cargo 1, roll-on/roll-off cargo 2 {1995 est.})
(transportation_airports_total#iceland#84)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_over_3,047_m#iceland#1)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_1,524_to_2,437_m#iceland#3)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_914_to_1,523_m#iceland#5)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_under_914_m#iceland#49)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_1,524_to_2,437_m#iceland#4)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_914_to_1,523_m#iceland#22 {1995 est.})
(communications_telephones#iceland#143,600 {1993 est.})
(communications_telephone_system#iceland#adequate domestic service)
(communications_telephone_system_domestic#iceland#the trunk network consists of coaxial and fiber-optic cables and microwave radio relay links)
(communications_telephone_system_international#iceland#satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat {Atlantic Ocean}, 1 Inmarsat {Atlantic and Indian Ocean Regions}; note - Iceland shares the Inmarsat earth station with the other Nordic countries {Denmark, Finland, Norway, and Sweden})
(communications_radio_broadcast_stations#iceland#AM 5, FM 147 {transmitters and repeaters}, shortwave 0)
(communications_radios#iceland#91,500 licensed {1993 est.})
(communications_television_broadcast_stations#iceland#202 {transmitters and repeaters})
(communications_televisions#iceland#96,100 licensed {1993 est.})
(defense_branches#iceland#no regular armed forces; Police, Coast Guard; note - Iceland's defense is provided by the US-manned Icelandic Defense Force {IDF} headquartered at Keflavik)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_age_15-49#iceland#71,317)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_fit_for_military_service#iceland#63,126 {1996 est.})
(defense_defense_expenditures#iceland#none)
(geography_location#india#Southern Asia, bordering the Arabian Sea and the Bay of Bengal, between Burma and Pakistan)
(geography_geographic_coordinates#india#20 00 N, 77 00 E)
(geography_map_references#india#Asia)
(geography_area_total_area#india#3,287,590 sq km)
(geography_area_land_area#india#2,973,190 sq km)
(geography_area_comparative_area#india#slightly more than one-third the size of the US)
(geography_land_boundaries_total#india#14,103 km)
(geography_land_boundaries_border_countries#india#Bangladesh 4,053 km, Bhutan 605 km, Burma 1,463 km, China 3,380 km, Nepal 1,690 km, Pakistan 2,912 km)
(geography_coastline#india#7,000 km)
(geography_maritime_claims_contiguous_zone#india#24 nm)
(geography_maritime_claims_continental_shelf#india#200 nm or to the edge of the continental margin)
(geography_maritime_claims_exclusive_economic_zone#india#200 nm)
(geography_maritime_claims_territorial_sea#india#12 nm)
(geography_international_disputes#india#boundaries with Bangladesh and China in dispute; status of Kashmir with Pakistan; water-sharing problems with downstream riparians, Bangladesh over the Ganges and Pakistan over the Indus {Wular Barrage})
(geography_climate#india#varies from tropical monsoon in south to temperate in north)
(geography_terrain#india#upland plain {Deccan Plateau} in south, flat to rolling plain along the Ganges, deserts in west, Himalayas in north)
(geography_terrain_lowest_point#india#Indian Ocean 0 m)
(geography_terrain_highest_point#india#Kanchenjunga 8,598 m)
(geography_natural_resources#india#coal {fourth-largest reserves in the world}, iron ore, manganese, mica, bauxite, titanium ore, chromite, natural gas, diamonds, petroleum, limestone)
(geography_land_use_arable_land#india#55%)
(geography_land_use_permanent_crops#india#1%)
(geography_land_use_meadows_and_pastures#india#4%)
(geography_land_use_forest_and_woodland#india#23%)
(geography_land_use_other#india#17%)
(geography_irrigated_land#india#430,390 sq km {1989})
(geography_environment_current_issues#india#deforestation; soil erosion; overgrazing; desertification; air pollution from industrial effluents and vehicle emissions; water pollution from raw sewage and runoff of agricultural pesticides; tap water is not potable throughout the country; huge and rapidly growing population is overstraining natural resources)
(geography_environment_natural_hazards#india#droughts, flash floods, severe thunderstorms common; earthquakes)
(geography_environment_international_agreements#india#party to - Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber, Wetlands; signed, but not ratified - Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Desertification)
(geography_geographic_note#india#dominates South Asian subcontinent; near important Indian Ocean trade routes)
(people_population#india#952,107,694 {July 1996 est.})
(people_age_structure_0-14_years#india#34% {male 168,030,766; female 159,283,151})
(people_age_structure_15-64_years#india#62% {male 304,805,787; female 281,311,834})
(people_age_structure_65_years_and_over#india#4% {male 19,148,385; female 19,527,771} {July 1996 est.})
(people_population_growth_rate#india#1.64% {1996 est.})
(people_birth_rate#india#25.94 births/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_death_rate#india#9.61 deaths/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_net_migration_rate#india#0.04 migrant{s}/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_sex_ratio_at_birth#india#1.05 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_under_15_years#india#1.06 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_15-64_years#india#1.08 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_65_years_and_over#india#0.98 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_all_ages#india#1.07 male{s}/female {1996 est.})
(people_infant_mortality_rate#india#71.1 deaths/1,000 live births {1996 est.})
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_total_population#india#59.71 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_male#india#59.12 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_female#india#60.32 years {1996 est.})
(people_total_fertility_rate#india#3.2 children born/woman {1996 est.})
(people_nationality_noun#india#Indian{s})
(people_nationality_adjective#india#Indian)
(people_ethnic_divisions#india#Indo-Aryan 72%, Dravidian 25%, Mongoloid and other 3%)
(people_religions#india#Hindu 80%, Muslim 14%, Christian 2.4%, Sikh 2%, Buddhist 0.7%, Jains 0.5%, other 0.4%)
(people_languages#india#English enjoys associate status but is the most important language for national, political, and commercial communication, Hindi the national language and primary tongue of 30% of the people, Bengali {official}, Telugu {official}, Marathi {official}, Tamil {official}, Urdu {official}, Gujarati {official}, Malayalam {official}, Kannada {official}, Oriya {official}, Punjabi {official}, Assamese {official}, Kashmiri {official}, Sindhi {official}, Sanskrit {official}, Hindustani a popular variant of Hindu/Urdu, is spoken widely throughout northern India)
(people_languages_note#india#24 languages each spoken by a million or more persons; numerous other languages and dialects, for the most part mutually unintelligible)
(people_literacy#india#age 15 and over can read and write {1995 est.})
(people_literacy_total_population#india#52%)
(people_literacy_male#india#65.5%)
(people_literacy_female#india#37.7%)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_long_form#india#Republic of India)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_short_form#india#India)
(government_data_code#india#IN)
(government_type_of_government#india#federal republic)
(government_capital#india#New Delhi)
(government_administrative_divisions#india#25 states and 7 union territories*; Andaman and Nicobar Islands*, Andhra Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Chandigarh*, Dadra and Nagar Haveli*, Daman and Diu*, Delhi*, Goa, Gujarat, Haryana, Himachel Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Karnataka, Kerala, Lakshadweep*, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, Orissa, Pondicherry*, Punjab, Rajasthan, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, Tripura, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal)
(government_independence#india#15 August 1947 {from UK})
(government_national_holiday#india#Anniversary of the Proclamation of the Republic, 26 January {1950})
(government_constitution#india#26 January 1950)
(government_legal_system#india#based on English common law; limited judicial review of legislative acts; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations)
(government_suffrage#india#18 years of age; universal)
(government_executive_branch_chief_of_state#india#President Shankar Dayal SHARMA {since 25 July 1992} was elected for a five-year term by an electoral college consisting of elected members of both houses of Parliament and the legislatures of the states; Vice President Kicheril Raman NARAYANAN {since 21 August 1992} was elected by both houses of Parliament)
(government_executive_branch_head_of_government#india#Prime Minister P. V. Narasimha RAO {since 21 June 1991} was appointed by the president)
(government_executive_branch_cabinet#india#Council of Ministers was appointed by the president on recommendation of the prime minister)
(government_legislative_branch#india#bicameral Parliament {Sansad})
(government_council_of_states_{rajya_sabha}#india#body consisting of not more than 250 members, up to 12 appointed by the president, the remainder chosen by the elected members of the state and territorial assemblies)
(government_people's_assembly_{lok_sabha}#india#elections last held 21 May, 12 and 15 June 1991 {next to be held 27 April through May 1996}; results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - {545 total, 543 elected, 2 appointed} Congress {I} Party 245, BJP 119, Janata Dal Party 39, Janata Dal {Ajit Singh} 20, CPI/M 35, CPI 14, Telugu Desam 13, AIADMK 11, Samajwadi Janata Party 5, Shiv Sena 4, RSP 4, BSP 1, Congress {S} Party 1, other 23, vacant 9; note - the distribution of seats as of 18 January 1995 is as follows: Congress {I} Party 260, BJP 117, CPI/M 36, Janata Dal Party 24, Samata Party 14, CPI 14, AIADMK 12, Janata Dal {Ajit} 7, Telugu Desam 7, RSP 4, Janata Dal {Ex-Ajit} 3, Samajwadi Party 3, BSP 3, AIFB 3, Shiv Sena 2, Congress {S} Party 1, Kerala Congress {Mani faction} 1, Bihar Peoples Party 1, India National League 1, other 14, vacant 16)
(government_judicial_branch#india#Supreme Court, judges are appointed by the president)
(government_political_parties_and_leaders#india#Congress {I} Party, P. V. Narasimha RAO, president; Bharatiya Janata Party {BJP}, L.K. ADVANI; Janata Dal Party, Laloo Prasad YADAV; Janata Dal {Ajit}, Ajit SINGH; Janata Dal {Ex-Ajit}, leader NA; Communist Party of India/Marxist {CPI/M}, Harkishan Singh SURJEET; Communist Party of India {CPI}, Indrajit GUPTA; Telugu Desam {Naidu} {a regional party in Andhra Pradesh}, Chandrababu NAIDU; All-India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazagham {AIADMK; a regional party in Tamil Nadu}, Jayaram JAYALALITHA; Samajwadi Party {SP}, Mulayam Singh YADAV {president}, Om Prakash CHAUTALA, Devi LAL; Shiv Sena, Bal THACKERAY; Revolutionary Socialist Party {RSP}, Tridip CHOWDHURY; Bahujan Samaj Party {BSP}, Kanshi RAM; Congress {S} Party, leader NA; Communist Party of India/Marxist-Leninist {CPI/ML}, Vinod MISHRA; Dravida Munnetra Kazagham {a regional party in Tamil Nadu}, M. KARUNANIDHI; Akali Dal factions representing Sikh religious community in the Punjab; National Conference {NC; a regional party in Jammu and Kashmir}, Farooq ABDULLAH; Bihar Peoples Party, Lovely ANAND; Samata Party {formerly Janata Dal members}, George FERNANDES; Indian National League, Suliaman SAIT; Kerala Congress {Mani faction}, K.M. MANI; All India Forward Bloc {AIFB}, Prem Dutta PALIWAL {chairman}, Chitta BASU {general secretary}; Congress {Tiwari}, Arjun SINGH and N.D. TIWARI)
(government_other_political_or_pressure_groups#india#various separatist groups seeking greater communal and/or regional autonomy; numerous religious or militant/chauvinistic organizations, including Adam Sena, Ananda Marg, Vishwa Hindu Parishad, and Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh)
(government_international_organization_participation#india#AfDB, AG {observer}, AsDB, C, CCC, CP, ESCAP, FAO, G- 6, G-15, G-19, G-24, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Inmarsat, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, IOM {observer}, ISO, ITU, NAM, OAS {observer}, PCA, SAARC, UN, UNAMIR, UNAVEM III, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIKOM, UNITAR, UNMIH, UNOMIL, UNU, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_chief_of_mission#india#Ambassador Naresh CHANDRA)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_chancery#india#2107 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008; note - Embassy located at 2536 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_telephone#india#[1] {202} 939-7000)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_consulate{s}_general#india#Chicago, New York, and San Francisco)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_chief_of_mission#india#Ambassador Frank G. WISNER)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_embassy#india#Shanti Path, Chanakyapuri 110021, New Delhi)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_mailing_address#india#use embassy street address)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_telephone#india#[91] {11} 600651)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_fax#india#[91] {11} 6872028)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_consulate{s}_general#india#Calcutta, Madras, Mumbai {Bombay})
(government_flag#india#three equal horizontal bands of orange {top}, white, and green with a blue chakra {24-spoked wheel} centered in the white band; similar to the flag of Niger, which has a small orange disk centered in the white band)
(economy_economic_overview#india#India's economy is a mixture of traditional village farming, modern agriculture, handicrafts, a wide range of modern industries, and a multitude of support services. Faster economic growth in the 1980s permitted a significant increase in real per capita private consumption. A large share of the population, perhaps as much as 40%, remains too poor to afford an adequate diet. Financial strains in 1990 and 1991 prompted government austerity measures that slowed industrial growth but permitted India to meet its international payment obligations without rescheduling its debt. Production, trade, and investment reforms since 1991 have provided new opportunities for Indian businessmen and an estimated 200 million plus middle class consumers. New Delhi has always paid its foreign debts on schedule and has stimulated exports, attracted foreign investment, and revived confidence in India's economic prospects. GDP growth in 1992-95 has averaged nearly 5%. Most of the country's external fundamentals - including the current account balance and reserves {now nearly $17 billion} are healthy. Party politics is increasingly shaping the debate over economic reforms. In addition, the 25 Indian states and several union territories, which are playing a more active role in determining economic policy, are further complicating the economic climate. The Indian Government will also have to watch closely rising government expenditures and higher debt servicing which could create a debt trap by the turn of the century. Nevertheless, India should achieve economic growth of 5.5%-6.5% annually through the next several years. Even if a weak coalition government comes to power in 1996 and is unable to push reforms aggressively, parts of the economy that have already benefited from deregulation will continue to grow. Moreover, the country can build on other strengths, including its diverse industrial base, large scientific and technical pool, well-developed legal system, and its large middle class to achieve higher growth.)
(economy_gdp#india#purchasing power parity - $1.4087 trillion {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_real_growth_rate#india#5.5% {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_per_capita#india#$1,500 {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_agriculture#india#NA%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_industry#india#NA%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_services#india#NA%)
(economy_inflation_rate_{consumer_prices}#india#9% {1995})
(economy_labor_force#india#314.751 million {1990})
(economy_labor_force_by_occupation#india#agriculture 65% {1993 est.})
(economy_unemployment_rate#india#NA%)
(economy_budget_revenues#india#$36.5 billion)
(economy_budget_expenditures#india#$54.9 billion, including capital expenditures of $11.4 billion {FY94/95})
(economy_industries#india#textiles, chemicals, food processing, steel, transportation equipment, cement, mining, petroleum, machinery)
(economy_industrial_production_growth_rate#india#10% {1995 est.})
(economy_electricity_capacity#india#81,200,000 kW {March 1995})
(economy_electricity_production#india#314 billion kWh {1993})
(economy_electricity_consumption_per_capita#india#324 kWh {1993})
(economy_agriculture#india#rice, wheat, oilseed, cotton, jute, tea, sugarcane, potatoes; cattle, water buffalo, sheep, goats, poultry; fish catch of about 3 million metric tons ranks India among the world's top 10 fishing nations)
(economy_illicit_drugs#india#licit producer of opium for the pharmaceutical trade, but an undetermined quantity of opium is diverted to illicit international drug markets; major transit country for illicit narcotics produced in neighboring countries; illicit producer of hashish and methaqualone; produced 70 metric tons of illicit opium in 1995)
(economy_exports#india#$29.96 billion {f.o.b., 1995})
(economy_exports_commodities#india#clothing, gems and jewelry, engineering goods, chemicals, leather manufactures, cotton yarn, and fabric)
(economy_exports_partners#india#US, Japan, Germany, UK, Hong Kong)
(economy_imports#india#$33.5 billion {c.i.f., 1995})
(economy_imports_commodities#india#crude oil and petroleum products, machinery, gems, fertilizer, chemicals)
(economy_imports_partners#india#US, Germany, Saudi Arabia, UK, Belgium, Japan)
(economy_external_debt#india#$97.9 billion {March 1995})
(economy_economic_aid_recipient#india#ODA, $1.237 billion {1993}; US ODA bilateral commitments $171 million; US Ex-Im bilateral commitments $680 million; Western {non-US} countries, ODA bilateral commitments $2.48 billion; OPEC bilateral aid $200 million; World Bank {IBRD} multilateral commitments $2.8 billion; Asian Development Bank {AsDB} multilateral commitments $760 million; International Finance Corporation {IFC} multilateral commitments $200 million; other multilateral commitments $554 million {1995-96})
(economy_currency#india#1 Indian rupee {Re} = 100 paise)
(economy_exchange_rates#india#Indian rupees {Rs} per US$1 - 35.766 {January 1996}, 32.427 {1995}, 31.374 {1994}, 30.493 {1993}, 25.918 {1992}, 22.742 {1991})
(economy_fiscal_year#india#1 April - 31 March)
(transportation_railways_total#india#62,462 km {11,793 km electrified; 12,617 km double track})
(transportation_railways_broad_gauge#india#37,824 km 1.676-m gauge)
(transportation_railways_narrow_gauge#india#20,653 km 1.000-m gauge; 3,985 km 0.762-m and 0.610-m gauge {1995 est.})
(transportation_highways_total#india#2.037 million km)
(transportation_highways_paved#india#981,834 km)
(transportation_highways_unpaved#india#1,055,166 km {1995 est.})
(transportation_waterways#india#16,180 km; 3,631 km navigable by large vessels)
(transportation_pipelines#india#crude oil 3,005 km; petroleum products 2,687 km; natural gas 1,700 km {1995})
(transportation_ports#india#Calcutta, Cochin, Jawaharal Nehru, Kandla, Madras, Mumbai {Bombay}, Vishakhapatnam)
(transportation_merchant_marine_total#india#310 ships {1,000 GRT or over} totaling 6,787,834 GRT/11,296,222 DWT)
(transportation_merchant_marine_ships_by_type#india#bulk 133, cargo 65, chemical tanker 10, combination bulk 2, combination ore/oil 3, container 11, liquefied gas tanker 6, oil tanker 73, passenger-cargo 5, roll-on/roll-off cargo 1, short-sea passenger 1 {1995 est.})
(transportation_airports_total#india#288)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_over_3,047_m#india#11)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_2,438_to_3,047_m#india#48)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_1,524_to_2,437_m#india#59)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_914_to_1,523_m#india#68)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_under_914_m#india#62)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_2,438_to_3,047_m#india#2)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_1,524_to_2,437_m#india#2)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_914_to_1,523_m#india#36 {1995 est.})
(transportation_heliports#india#15 {1995 est.})
(communications_telephones#india#9.8 million {1995})
(communications_telephone_system#india#probably the least adequate telephone system of any of the industrializing countries; three of every four villages have no telephone service; only 5% of India's villages have long-distance service; poor telephone service significantly impedes commercial and industrial growth and penalizes India in global markets; slow improvement is taking place with the recent admission of private and private-public investors, but demand for communication services is also growing rapidly)
(communications_telephone_system_domestic#india#local service is provided mostly by open wire and obsolete electromechanical and manual switchboard systems; within the last 10 years a substantial amount of digital switch gear has been introduced for local service; long-distance traffic is carried mostly by open wire, coaxial cable, and low-capacity microwave radio relay; since 1985, however, significant trunk capacity has been added in the form of fiber-optic cable and a domestic satellite system with over 100 earth stations)
(communications_telephone_system_international#india#satellite earth stations - 8 Intelsat {Indian Ocean} and 1 Inmarsat {Indian Ocean Region}; submarine cables to Malaysia and UAE)
(communications_radio_broadcast_stations#india#AM 96, FM 4, shortwave 0)
(communications_radios#india#70 million {1992 est.})
(communications_television_broadcast_stations#india#274 {government controlled})
(communications_televisions#india#33 million {1992 est.})
(defense_branches#india#Army, Navy, Air Force, various security or paramilitary forces {includes Border Security Force, Assam Rifles, and Coast Guard})
(defense_manpower_availability_males_age_15-49#india#260,624,007)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_fit_for_military_service#india#153,176,413)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_reach_military_age_{17}_annually#india#9,770,331 {1996 est.})
(defense_defense_expenditures#india#exchange rate conversion - $8.0 billion, 2.7% of GDP {FY95/96})
(geography_location#indian_ocean#body of water between Africa, Antarctica, Asia, and Australia)
(geography_geographic_coordinates#indian_ocean#30 00 S, 80 00 E)
(geography_map_references#indian_ocean#World)
(geography_area_total_area#indian_ocean#73.6 million sq km)
(geography_area_comparative_area#indian_ocean#slightly less than eight times the size of the US; third-largest ocean {after the Pacific Ocean and Atlantic Ocean, but larger than the Arctic Ocean})
(geography_area_note#indian_ocean#includes Arabian Sea, Bass Straight, Bay of Bengal, Great Australian Bight, Gulf of Oman, Persian Gulf, Red Sea, Strait of Malacca, and other tributary water bodies)
(geography_coastline#indian_ocean#66,526 km)
(geography_international_disputes#indian_ocean#some maritime disputes {see littoral states})
(geography_climate#indian_ocean#northeast monsoon {December to April}, southwest monsoon {June to October}; tropical cyclones occur during May/June and October/November in the northern Indian Ocean and January/February in the southern Indian Ocean)
(geography_terrain#indian_ocean#surface dominated by counterclockwise gyre {broad, circular system of currents} in the southern Indian Ocean; unique reversal of surface currents in the northern Indian Ocean; low atmospheric pressure over southwest Asia from hot, rising, summer air results in the southwest monsoon and southwest-to-northeast winds and currents, while high pressure over northern Asia from cold, falling, winter air results in the northeast monsoon and northeast-to-southwest winds and currents; ocean floor is dominated by the Mid-Indian Ocean Ridge and subdivided by the Southeast Indian Ocean Ridge, Southwest Indian Ocean Ridge, and Ninety East Ridge)
(geography_terrain_lowest_point#indian_ocean#Java Trench -7,258 m)
(geography_terrain_highest_point#indian_ocean#sea level 0 m)
(geography_natural_resources#indian_ocean#oil and gas fields, fish, shrimp, sand and gravel aggregates, placer deposits, polymetallic nodules)
(geography_environment_current_issues#indian_ocean#endangered marine species include the dugong, seals, turtles, and whales; oil pollution in the Arabian Sea, Persian Gulf, and Red Sea)
(geography_environment_natural_hazards#indian_ocean#ships subject to superstructure icing in extreme south near Antarctica from May to October)
(geography_environment_international_agreements#indian_ocean#NA)
(geography_geographic_note#indian_ocean#major chokepoints include Bab el Mandeb, Strait of Hormuz, Strait of Malacca, southern access to the Suez Canal, and the Lombok Strait)
(government_data_code#indian_ocean#none; the US Government has not approved a standard for hydrographic codes - see the Cross-Reference List of Hydrographic Codes appendix)
(economy_economic_overview#indian_ocean#The Indian Ocean provides major sea routes connecting the Middle East, Africa, and East Asia with Europe and the Americas. It carries a particularly heavy traffic of petroleum and petroleum products from the oilfields of the Persian Gulf and Indonesia. Its fish are of great and growing importance to the bordering countries for domestic consumption and export. Fishing fleets from Russia, Japan, Korea, and Taiwan also exploit the Indian Ocean, mainly for shrimp and tuna. Large reserves of hydrocarbons are being tapped in the offshore areas of Saudi Arabia, Iran, India, and western Australia. An estimated 40% of the world's offshore oil production comes from the Indian Ocean. Beach sands rich in heavy minerals and offshore placer deposits are actively exploited by bordering countries, particularly India, South Africa, Indonesia, Sri Lanka, and Thailand.)
(transportation_ports#indian_ocean#Calcutta {India}, Colombo {Sri Lanka}, Durban {South Africa}, Jakarta {Indonesia}, Madras {India}, Melbourne {Australia}, Mumbai {Bombay; India}, Richard's Bay {South Africa})
(communications_telephone_system_international#indian_ocean#submarine cables from India to UAE and Malaysia and from Sri Lanka to Djibouti and Indonesia)
(geography_location#indonesia#Southeastern Asia, archipelago between the Indian Ocean and the Pacific Ocean)
(geography_geographic_coordinates#indonesia#5 00 S, 120 00 E)
(geography_map_references#indonesia#Southeast Asia)
(geography_area_total_area#indonesia#1,919,440 sq km)
(geography_area_land_area#indonesia#1,826,440 sq km)
(geography_area_comparative_area#indonesia#slightly less than three times the size of Texas)
(geography_land_boundaries_total#indonesia#2,602 km)
(geography_land_boundaries_border_countries#indonesia#Malaysia 1,782 km, Papua New Guinea 820 km)
(geography_coastline#indonesia#54,716 km)
(geography_maritime_claims#indonesia#measured from claimed archipelagic baselines)
(geography_maritime_claims_exclusive_economic_zone#indonesia#200 nm)
(geography_maritime_claims_territorial_sea#indonesia#12 nm)
(geography_international_disputes#indonesia#sovereignty over Timor Timur {East Timor Province} disputed with Portugal and not recognized by the UN; two islands in dispute with Malaysia)
(geography_climate#indonesia#tropical; hot, humid; more moderate in highlands)
(geography_terrain#indonesia#mostly coastal lowlands; larger islands have interior mountains)
(geography_terrain_lowest_point#indonesia#Indian Ocean 0 m)
(geography_terrain_highest_point#indonesia#Puncak Jaya 5,030 m)
(geography_natural_resources#indonesia#petroleum, tin, natural gas, nickel, timber, bauxite, copper, fertile soils, coal, gold, silver)
(geography_land_use_arable_land#indonesia#8%)
(geography_land_use_permanent_crops#indonesia#3%)
(geography_land_use_meadows_and_pastures#indonesia#7%)
(geography_land_use_forest_and_woodland#indonesia#67%)
(geography_land_use_other#indonesia#15%)
(geography_irrigated_land#indonesia#75,500 sq km {1989 est.})
(geography_environment_current_issues#indonesia#deforestation; water pollution from industrial wastes, sewage; air pollution in urban areas)
(geography_environment_natural_hazards#indonesia#occasional floods, severe droughts, and tsunamis)
(geography_environment_international_agreements#indonesia#party to - Biodiversity, Climate Change, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands; signed, but not ratified - Desertification, Marine Life Conservation)
(geography_geographic_note#indonesia#archipelago of 13,500 islands {6,000 inhabited}; straddles Equator; strategic location astride or along major sea lanes from Indian Ocean to Pacific Ocean)
(people_population#indonesia#206,611,600 {July 1996 est.})
(people_age_structure_0-14_years#indonesia#32% {male 33,354,840; female 32,414,363})
(people_age_structure_15-64_years#indonesia#64% {male 66,385,852; female 66,827,085})
(people_age_structure_65_years_and_over#indonesia#4% {male 3,380,567; female 4,248,893} {July 1996 est.})
(people_population_growth_rate#indonesia#1.53% {1996 est.})
(people_birth_rate#indonesia#23.67 births/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_death_rate#indonesia#8.38 deaths/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_net_migration_rate#indonesia#0 migrant{s}/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_sex_ratio_at_birth#indonesia#1.05 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_under_15_years#indonesia#1.03 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_15-64_years#indonesia#0.99 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_65_years_and_over#indonesia#0.8 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_all_ages#indonesia#1 male{s}/female {1996 est.})
(people_infant_mortality_rate#indonesia#63.1 deaths/1,000 live births {1996 est.})
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_total_population#indonesia#61.64 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_male#indonesia#59.51 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_female#indonesia#63.88 years {1996 est.})
(people_total_fertility_rate#indonesia#2.7 children born/woman {1996 est.})
(people_nationality_noun#indonesia#Indonesian{s})
(people_nationality_adjective#indonesia#Indonesian)
(people_ethnic_divisions#indonesia#Javanese 45%, Sundanese 14%, Madurese 7.5%, coastal Malays 7.5%, other 26%)
(people_religions#indonesia#Muslim 87%, Protestant 6%, Roman Catholic 3%, Hindu 2%, Buddhist 1%, other 1% {1985})
(people_languages#indonesia#Bahasa Indonesia {official, modified form of Malay}, English, Dutch, local dialects the most widely spoken of which is Javanese)
(people_literacy#indonesia#age 15 and over can read and write {1995 est.})
(people_literacy_total_population#indonesia#83.8%)
(people_literacy_male#indonesia#89.6%)
(people_literacy_female#indonesia#78%)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_long_form#indonesia#Republic of Indonesia)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_short_form#indonesia#Indonesia)
(government_name_of_country_local_long_form#indonesia#Republik Indonesia)
(government_name_of_country_local_short_form#indonesia#Indonesia)
(government_name_of_country_former#indonesia#Netherlands East Indies; Dutch East Indies)
(government_data_code#indonesia#ID)
(government_type_of_government#indonesia#republic)
(government_capital#indonesia#Jakarta)
(government_administrative_divisions#indonesia#24 provinces {propinsi-propinsi, singular - propinsi}, 2 special regions* {daerah-daerah istimewa, singular - daerah istimewa}, and 1 special capital city district** {daerah khusus ibukota}; Aceh*, Bali, Bengkulu, Irian Jaya, Jakarta Raya**, Jambi, Jawa Barat, Jawa Tengah, Jawa Timur, Kalimantan Barat, Kalimantan Selatan, Kalimantan Tengah, Kalimantan Timur, Lampung, Maluku, Nusa Tenggara Barat, Nusa Tenggara Timur, Riau, Sulawesi Selatan, Sulawesi Tengah, Sulawesi Tenggara, Sulawesi Utara, Sumatera Barat, Sumatera Selatan, Sumatera Utara, Timor Timur, Yogyakarta*)
(government_independence#indonesia#17 August 1945 {proclaimed independence; on 27 December 1949, Indonesia became legally independent from the Netherlands})
(government_national_holiday#indonesia#Independence Day, 17 August {1945})
(government_constitution#indonesia#August 1945, abrogated by Federal Constitution of 1949 and Provisional Constitution of 1950, restored 5 July 1959)
(government_legal_system#indonesia#based on Roman-Dutch law, substantially modified by indigenous concepts and by new criminal procedures code; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction)
(government_suffrage#indonesia#17 years of age; universal and married persons regardless of age)
(government_executive_branch_chief_of_state_and_head_of_government#indonesia#President Gen. {Ret.} SOEHARTO {since 27 March 1968} and Vice President Gen. {Ret.} Try SUTRISNO {since 11 March 1993} were elected for five-year terms by the People's Consultative Assembly)
(government_executive_branch_cabinet#indonesia#Cabinet)
(government_legislative_branch#indonesia#unicameral)
(government_house_of_representatives_{dewan_perwakilan_rakyat_or_dpr}#indonesia#elections last held 8 June 1992 {next to be held NA 1997}; results - GOLKAR 68%, PPP 17%, PDI 15%; seats - {500 total, 400 elected, 100 military representatives appointed} GOLKAR 282, PPP 62, PDI 56)
(government_house_of_representatives_{dewan_perwakilan_rakyat_or_dpr}_note#indonesia#the People's Consultative Assembly {Majelis Permusyawaratan Rakyat or MPR} includes the DPR plus 500 indirectly elected members who meet every five years to elect the president and vice president and, theoretically, to determine national policy)
(government_judicial_branch#indonesia#Supreme Court {Mahkamah Agung}, the judges are appointed by the president)
(government_political_parties_and_leaders#indonesia#GOLKAR {quasi-official party based on functional groups}, HARMOKO, general chairman; Indonesia Democracy Party {PDI - federation of former Nationalist and Christian Parties}, Megawati SUKARNOPUTRI, chairman; Development Unity Party {PPP, federation of former Islamic parties}, Ismail Hasan METAREUM, chairman)
(government_international_organization_participation#indonesia#APEC, AsDB, ASEAN, CCC, CP, ESCAP, FAO, G-15, G-19, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Inmarsat, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, IOM {observer}, ISO, ITU, Mekong Group, NAM, OIC, OPEC, UN, UN Security Council {temporary}, UNCRO, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNIKOM, UNOMIG, UNPREDEP, UNPROFOR, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_chief_of_mission#indonesia#Ambassador Arifin Mohamad SIREGAR)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_chancery#indonesia#2020 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20036)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_telephone#indonesia#[1] {202} 775-5200)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_fax#indonesia#[1] {202} 775-5365)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_consulate{s}_general#indonesia#Chicago, Houston, Los Angeles, New York, San Francisco)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_chief_of_mission#indonesia#Ambassador J. Stapleton ROY)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_embassy#indonesia#Medan Merdeka Selatan 5, Jakarta)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_mailing_address#indonesia#Box 1, APO AP 96520)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_telephone#indonesia#[62] {21} 360360)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_fax#indonesia#[62] {21} 3862259)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_consulate{s}_general#indonesia#Medan, Surabaya)
(government_flag#indonesia#two equal horizontal bands of red {top} and white; similar to the flag of Monaco, which is shorter; also similar to the flag of Poland, which is white {top} and red)
(economy_economic_overview#indonesia#Indonesia is a mixed economy with some central planning but with an emphasis on rapid deregulation and private enterprise. Real GDP growth in 1985-95 averaged about 7%, quite impressive, but not sufficient to both slash underemployment and absorb the 2.3 million workers annually entering the labor force. Plantation crops - rubber and palm oil - and textiles and plywood are being encouraged for both export and job generation. Industrial output is based on a supply of diverse natural resources, including crude oil, natural gas, timber, metals, and coal. Foreign investment has also boosted manufacturing output and exports in recent years. Indeed, the economy's growth is highly dependent on the continuing expansion of nonoil exports. Japan remains Indonesia's most important customer and supplier of aid. Like some other rapidly developing countries in Southeast Asia, Indonesia is struggling to keep the economy from overheating.)
(economy_gdp#indonesia#purchasing power parity - $710.9 billion {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_real_growth_rate#indonesia#7.5% {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_per_capita#indonesia#$3,500 {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_agriculture#indonesia#17%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_industry#indonesia#32.6%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_services#indonesia#50.4%)
(economy_inflation_rate_{consumer_prices}#indonesia#8.6% {1995 est.})
(economy_labor_force#indonesia#67 million)
(economy_labor_force_by_occupation#indonesia#agriculture 55%, manufacturing 10%, construction 4%, transport and communications 3% {1985 est.})
(economy_unemployment_rate#indonesia#3% official rate; underemployment 40% {1994 est.})
(economy_budget_revenues#indonesia#$38.1 billion)
(economy_budget_expenditures#indonesia#$38.1 billion, including capital expenditures of $14.5 billion {FY96/97 est.})
(economy_industries#indonesia#petroleum and natural gas, textiles, mining, cement, chemical fertilizers, plywood, food, rubber)
(economy_industrial_production_growth_rate#indonesia#13.9% {1995 est.})
(economy_electricity_capacity#indonesia#12,100,000 kW)
(economy_electricity_production#indonesia#44 billion kWh)
(economy_electricity_consumption_per_capita#indonesia#207 kWh {1993})
(economy_agriculture#indonesia#rice, cassava {tapioca}, peanuts, rubber, cocoa, coffee, palm oil, copra, other tropical products; poultry, beef, pork, eggs)
(economy_illicit_drugs#indonesia#illicit producer of cannabis largely for domestic use; government actively eradicating plantings and prosecuting traffickers; minor role as transshipment point for Golden Triangle heroin)
(economy_exports#indonesia#$39.9 billion {f.o.b., 1994})
(economy_exports_commodities#indonesia#manufactures 51.9%, fuels 26.4%, foodstuffs 12.7%, raw materials 9.0%)
(economy_exports_partners#indonesia#Japan 27.4%, US 14.6%, Singapore 10.1%, South Korea 6.5%, Taiwan 4.1%, Netherlands 3.3%, China 3.3%, Hong Kong 3.3%, Germany 3.2%)
(economy_imports#indonesia#$32 billion {f.o.b., 1994})
(economy_imports_commodities#indonesia#manufactures 75.3%, raw materials 9.0%, foodstuffs 7.8%, fuels 7.7%)
(economy_imports_partners#indonesia#Japan 24.2%, US 11.2%, Germany 7.7%, South Korea 6.8%, Singapore 5.9%, Australia 4.8%, Taiwan 4.5%, China 4.3%)
(economy_external_debt#indonesia#$97.6 billion {1995 est.})
(economy_economic_aid_recipient#indonesia#ODA, $1.542 billion {1993})
(economy_currency#indonesia#Indonesian rupiah {Rp})
(economy_exchange_rates#indonesia#Indonesian rupiahs {Rp} per US$1 - 2,306.3 {January 1996}, 2,248.6 {1995}, 2,160.8 {1994}, 2,087.1 {1993}, 2,029.9 {1992}, 1,950.3 {1991})
(economy_fiscal_year#indonesia#1 April - 31 March)
(transportation_railways_total#indonesia#6,458 km)
(transportation_railways_narrow_gauge#indonesia#5,961 km 1.067-m gauge {101 km electrified; 101 km double track}; 497 km 0.750-m gauge {1995})
(transportation_highways_total#indonesia#283,516 km)
(transportation_highways_paved#indonesia#125,051 km)
(transportation_highways_unpaved#indonesia#158,465 km {1995 est.})
(transportation_waterways#indonesia#21,579 km total; Sumatra 5,471 km, Java and Madura 820 km, Kalimantan 10,460 km, Celebes 241 km, Irian Jaya 4,587 km)
(transportation_pipelines#indonesia#crude oil 2,505 km; petroleum products 456 km; natural gas 1,703 km {1989})
(transportation_ports#indonesia#Cilacap, Cirebon, Jakarta, Kupang, Palembang, Semarang, Surabaya, Ujungpandang)
(transportation_merchant_marine_total#indonesia#457 ships {1,000 GRT or over} totaling 2,098,958 GRT/3,056,040 DWT)
(transportation_merchant_marine_ships_by_type#indonesia#bulk 30, cargo 265, chemical tanker 6, container 11, liquefied gas tanker 5, livestock carrier 1, oil tanker 98, passenger 5, passenger-cargo 12, roll-on/roll-off cargo 7, short-sea passenger 6, specialized tanker 7, vehicle carrier 4 {1995 est.})
(transportation_airports_total#indonesia#414)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_over_3,047_m#indonesia#4)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_2,438_to_3,047_m#indonesia#9)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_1,524_to_2,437_m#indonesia#35)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_914_to_1,523_m#indonesia#41)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_under_914_m#indonesia#299)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_1,524_to_2,437_m#indonesia#3)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_914_to_1,523_m#indonesia#23 {1995 est.})
(transportation_heliports#indonesia#4 {1995 est.})
(communications_telephones#indonesia#1,276,600 {1993 est.})
(communications_telephone_system#indonesia#domestic service fair, international service good)
(communications_telephone_system_domestic#indonesia#interisland microwave system and HF radio police net; domestic satellite communications system)
(communications_telephone_system_international#indonesia#satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat {1 Indian Ocean and 1 Pacific Ocean})
(communications_radio_broadcast_stations#indonesia#AM 618, FM 38, shortwave 0)
(communications_radios#indonesia#28.1 million {1992 est.})
(communications_television_broadcast_stations#indonesia#9)
(communications_televisions#indonesia#11.5 million {1992 est.})
(defense_branches#indonesia#Army, Navy, Air Force, National Police)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_age_15-49#indonesia#57,222,025)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_fit_for_military_service#indonesia#33,702,395)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_reach_military_age_{18}_annually#indonesia#2,280,360 {1996 est.})
(defense_defense_expenditures#indonesia#exchange rate conversion - $2.7 billion, 1.4% of GNP {FY95/96})
(geography_location#iran#Middle East, bordering the Gulf of Oman, the Persian Gulf, and the Caspian Sea, between Iraq and Pakistan)
(geography_geographic_coordinates#iran#32 00 N, 53 00 E)
(geography_map_references#iran#Middle East)
(geography_area_total_area#iran#1.648 million sq km)
(geography_area_land_area#iran#1.636 million sq km)
(geography_area_comparative_area#iran#slightly larger than Alaska)
(geography_land_boundaries_total#iran#5,440 km)
(geography_land_boundaries_border_countries#iran#Afghanistan 936 km, Armenia 35 km, Azerbaijan-proper 432 km, Azerbaijan-Naxcivan exclave 179 km, Iraq 1,458 km, Pakistan 909 km, Turkey 499 km, Turkmenistan 992 km)
(geography_coastline#iran#2,440 km)
(geography_coastline_note#iran#Iran also borders the Caspian Sea {740 km})
(geography_maritime_claims_contiguous_zone#iran#24 nm)
(geography_maritime_claims_continental_shelf#iran#natural prolongation)
(geography_maritime_claims_exclusive_economic_zone#iran#bilateral agreements, or median lines in the Persian Gulf)
(geography_maritime_claims_territorial_sea#iran#12 nm)
(geography_international_disputes#iran#Iran and Iraq restored diplomatic relations in 1990 but are still trying to work out written agreements settling outstanding disputes from their eight-year war concerning border demarcation, prisoners-of-war, and freedom of navigation and sovereignty over the Shatt al-Arab waterway; Iran occupies two islands in the Persian Gulf claimed by the UAE: Lesser Tunb {called Tunb as Sughra in Arabic by UAE and Jazireh-ye Tonb-e Kuchek in Persian by Iran} and Greater Tunb {called Tunb al Kubra in Arabic by UAE and Jazireh-ye Tonb-e Bozorg in Persian by Iran}; it jointly administers with the UAE an island in the Persian Gulf claimed by the UAE {called Abu Musa in Arabic by UAE and Jazireh-ye Abu Musa in Persian by Iran}; in 1992 the dispute over Abu Musa and the Tunb islands became more acute when Iran unilaterally tried to control the entry of third country nationals into the UAE portion of Abu Musa island, Tehran subsequently backed off in the face of significant diplomatic support for the UAE in the region, but in 1994 it increased its military presence on the disputed islands; periodic disputes with Afghanistan over Helmand water rights; Caspian Sea boundaries are not yet determined; support to clients in Afghanistan)
(geography_climate#iran#mostly arid or semiarid, subtropical along Caspian coast)
(geography_terrain#iran#rugged, mountainous rim; high, central basin with deserts, mountains; small, discontinuous plains along both coasts)
(geography_terrain_lowest_point#iran#Caspian Sea -28 m)
(geography_terrain_highest_point#iran#Qolleh-ye Damavand 5,671 m)
(geography_natural_resources#iran#petroleum, natural gas, coal, chromium, copper, iron ore, lead, manganese, zinc, sulfur)
(geography_land_use_arable_land#iran#8%)
(geography_land_use_permanent_crops#iran#0%)
(geography_land_use_meadows_and_pastures#iran#27%)
(geography_land_use_forest_and_woodland#iran#11%)
(geography_land_use_other#iran#54%)
(geography_irrigated_land#iran#57,500 sq km {1989 est.})
(geography_environment_current_issues#iran#air pollution, especially in urban areas, from vehicle emissions, refinery operations, and industrial effluents; deforestation; overgrazing; desertification; oil pollution in the Persian Gulf; inadequate supplies of potable water)
(geography_environment_natural_hazards#iran#periodic droughts, floods; dust storms, sandstorms; earthquakes along the Western border)
(geography_environment_international_agreements#iran#party to - Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands; signed, but not ratified - Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Environmental Modification, Law of the Sea, Marine Life Conservation)
(people_population#iran#66,094,264 {July 1996 est.})
(people_age_structure_0-14_years#iran#45% {male 15,166,131; female 14,289,283})
(people_age_structure_15-64_years#iran#52% {male 17,326,388; female 16,731,470})
(people_age_structure_65_years_and_over#iran#3% {male 1,327,718; female 1,253,274} {July 1996 est.})
(people_population_growth_rate#iran#2.21% {1996 est.})
(people_birth_rate#iran#33.67 births/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_death_rate#iran#6.61 deaths/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_net_migration_rate#iran#-5 migrant{s}/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_sex_ratio_at_birth#iran#1.05 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_under_15_years#iran#1.06 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_15-64_years#iran#1.04 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_65_years_and_over#iran#1.06 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_all_ages#iran#1.05 male{s}/female {1996 est.})
(people_infant_mortality_rate#iran#52.7 deaths/1,000 live births {1996 est.})
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_total_population#iran#67.39 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_male#iran#66.12 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_female#iran#68.72 years {1996 est.})
(people_total_fertility_rate#iran#4.72 children born/woman {1996 est.})
(people_nationality_noun#iran#Iranian{s})
(people_nationality_adjective#iran#Iranian)
(people_ethnic_divisions#iran#Persian 51%, Azerbaijani 24%, Gilaki and Mazandarani 8%, Kurd 7%, Arab 3%, Lur 2%, Baloch 2%, Turkmen 2%, other 1%)
(people_religions#iran#Shi'a Muslim 89%, Sunni Muslim 10%, Zoroastrian, Jewish, Christian, and Baha'i 1%)
(people_languages#iran#Persian and Persian dialects 58%, Turkic and Turkic dialects 26%, Kurdish 9%, Luri 2%, Baloch 1%, Arabic 1%, Turkish 1%, other 2%)
(people_literacy#iran#age 15 and over can read and write {1994 est.})
(people_literacy_total_population#iran#72.1%)
(people_literacy_male#iran#78.4%)
(people_literacy_female#iran#65.8%)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_long_form#iran#Islamic Republic of Iran)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_short_form#iran#Iran)
(government_name_of_country_local_long_form#iran#Jomhuri-ye Eslami-ye Iran)
(government_name_of_country_local_short_form#iran#Iran)
(government_data_code#iran#IR)
(government_type_of_government#iran#theocratic republic)
(government_capital#iran#Tehran)
(government_administrative_divisions#iran#25 provinces {ostanha, singular - ostan}; Ardabil, Azarbayjan-e Gharbi, Azarbayjan-e Sharqi, Bushehr, Chahar Mahall va Bakhtiari, Esfahan, Fars, Gilan, Hamadan, Hormozgan, Ilam, Kerman, Kermanshahan, Khorasan, Khuzestan, Kohkiluyeh va Buyer Ahmadi, Kordestan, Lorestan, Markazi, Mazandaran, Semnan, Sistan va Baluchestan, Tehran, Yazd, Zanjan)
(government_independence#iran#1 April 1979 {Islamic Republic of Iran proclaimed})
(government_national_holiday#iran#Islamic Republic Day, 1 April {1979})
(government_constitution#iran#2-3 December 1979; revised 1989 to expand powers of the presidency and eliminate the prime ministership)
(government_legal_system#iran#the Constitution codifies Islamic principles of government)
(government_suffrage#iran#15 years of age; universal)
(government_executive_branch_supreme_leader_{rahbar-e_moazam}_and_functional_chief_of_state#iran#Leader of the Islamic Revolution Ayatollah Ali Hoseini-KHAMENEI {since 4 June 1989} was appointed for life by Council of Experts)
(government_executive_branch_head_of_government#iran#President Ali Akbar Hashemi-RAFSANJANI {since 3 August 1989} was elected for a four-year term by universal suffrage; First Vice President Hasan Ebrahim HABIBI {since NA August 1989}; election last held 11 June 1993 {next to be held NA May 1997}; results - Ali Akbar Hashemi-RAFSANJANI was elected with 63% of the vote)
(government_executive_branch_cabinet#iran#Council of Ministers was selected by the president with legislative approval)
(government_legislative_branch#iran#unicameral)
(government_islamic_consultative_assembly_{majles-e-shura-ye-eslami}#iran#elections last held 8 March and 19 April 1996 {next to be held NA March 2000}; results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - {270 seats total} number of seats by party NA)
(government_judicial_branch#iran#Supreme Court)
(government_political_parties_and_leaders#iran#there are at least 76 licensed parties, none are, as yet, openly active; the most important groupings are - Tehran Militant Clergy Association, leader NA; Militant Clerics Association, Mehdi MAHDAVI-KARUBI and Mohammad Asqar MUSAVI-KHOINIHA; Servants of Reconstruction {G-6}, leader NA)
(government_other_political_or_pressure_groups#iran#groups that generally support the Islamic Republic include Ansar-e Hizballah, Mojahedin of the Islamic Revolution, Muslim Students Following the Line of the Imam, and the Islamic Coalition Association; opposition groups include the Liberation Movement of Iran and the Nation of Iran party; armed political groups that have been almost completely repressed by the government include Mojahedin-e Khalq Organization {MEK}, People's Fedayeen, Kurdish Democratic Party of Iran; the Society for the Defense of Freedom)
(government_international_organization_participation#iran#CCC, CP, ECO, ESCAP, FAO, G-19, G-24, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Inmarsat, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, IOM {observer}, ISO, ITU, NAM, OIC, OPEC, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us#iran#none; note - Iran has an Interests Section in the Pakistani Embassy, headed by Faramarz FATH-NEJAD; address: Iranian Interests Section, Pakistani Embassy, 2209 Wisconsin Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20007; telephone: [1] {202} 965-4990)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation#iran#none; note - protecting power in Iran is Switzerland)
(government_flag#iran#three equal horizontal bands of green {top}, white, and red; the national emblem {a stylized representation of the word Allah} in red is centered in the white band; ALLAH AKBAR {God is Great} in white Arabic script is repeated 11 times along the bottom edge of the green band and 11 times along the top edge of the red band)
(economy_economic_overview#iran#Iran's economy is a mixture of central planning, state ownership of oil and other large enterprises, village agriculture, and small-scale private trading and service ventures. Over the past several years, the government has introduced several measures to liberalize the economy and reduce government intervention, but most of these changes have moved slowly or have been reversed because of political opposition. Iran has faced increasingly severe financial difficulties since mid-1992 due to an import surge that began in 1989 and general financial mismanagement. At yearend 1993 the Iranian Government estimated that it owed foreign creditors about $30 billion; an estimated $8 billion of this debt was in arrears. At yearend 1994, Iran rescheduled $12 billion in debt. Earnings from oil exports - which provide 85% of Iran's export revenues - are providing less relief to Iran than usual because of reduced oil prices. Iran's financial situation will remain tight in 1996 because the bulk of payments due under its rescheduling agreements in 1993-94 will be coming due.)
(economy_gdp#iran#purchasing power parity - $323.5 billion {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_real_growth_rate#iran#-2% {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_per_capita#iran#$4,700 {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_agriculture#iran#21%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_industry#iran#37%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_services#iran#42% {1994 est.})
(economy_inflation_rate_{consumer_prices}#iran#60% {1995 est.})
(economy_labor_force#iran#15.4 million)
(economy_labor_force_by_occupation#iran#agriculture 33%, manufacturing 21%)
(economy_labor_force_note#iran#shortage of skilled labor {1988 est.})
(economy_unemployment_rate#iran#over 30% {1995 est.})
(economy_budget_revenues#iran#$NA)
(economy_budget_expenditures#iran#$NA, including capital expenditures of $NA)
(economy_industries#iran#petroleum, petrochemicals, textiles, cement and other construction materials, food processing {particularly sugar refining and vegetable oil production}, metal fabricating, armaments)
(economy_industrial_production_growth_rate#iran#4.3% {1994 est.})
(economy_electricity_capacity#iran#19,080,000 kW)
(economy_electricity_production#iran#50.8 billion kWh)
(economy_electricity_consumption_per_capita#iran#745 kWh {1993})
(economy_agriculture#iran#wheat, rice, other grains, sugar beets, fruits, nuts, cotton; dairy products, wool; caviar)
(economy_illicit_drugs#iran#illicit producer of opium poppy for the domestic and international drug trade; produced 35-70 metric tons in 1993; net opiate importer but also a key transshipment point for Southwest Asian heroin to Europe)
(economy_exports#iran#$16 billion {f.o.b., 1994 est.})
(economy_exports_commodities#iran#petroleum 85%, carpets, fruits, nuts, hides, iron, steel)
(economy_exports_partners#iran#Japan, Italy, France, Netherlands, Belgium/Luxembourg, Spain, and Germany)
(economy_imports#iran#$13 billion {c.i.f., 1994 est.})
(economy_imports_commodities#iran#machinery, military supplies, metal works, foodstuffs, pharmaceuticals, technical services, refined oil products)
(economy_imports_partners#iran#Germany, Japan, Italy, UK, UAE)
(economy_external_debt#iran#$30 billion {1995 est.})
(economy_economic_aid_recipient#iran#ODA, $40 million {1993})
(economy_currency#iran#10 Iranian rials {IR} = 1 toman; note - domestic figures are generally referred to in terms of the toman)
(economy_exchange_rates#iran#Iranian rials {IR} per US$1 - 1,750 {January 1996}, 1,747.93 {1995}, 1,748.75 {1994}, 1,267.77 {1993}, 65.55 {1992}, 67.51 {1991}; black market rate: 4,000 rials per US$1 {December 1995}; note - as of May 1995, the "official rate" of 1,750 rials per US$1 is used for imports of essential goods and services and for oil exports, wheras the "official export rate" of 3,000 rials per US$1 is used for non-oil exports and imports not covered by the official rate)
(economy_fiscal_year#iran#21 March - 20 March)
(transportation_railways_total#iran#5,093 km)
(transportation_railways_broad_gauge#iran#96 km 1.676-m gauge)
(transportation_railways_standard_gauge#iran#4,997 km 1.432-m gauge {146 km electrified} {1995})
(transportation_highways_total#iran#140,200 km)
(transportation_highways_paved#iran#42,700 km)
(transportation_highways_unpaved#iran#97,500 km {1995 est.})
(transportation_waterways#iran#904 km; the Shatt al Arab is usually navigable by maritime traffic for about 130 km; channel has been dredged to 3 m and is in use)
(transportation_pipelines#iran#crude oil 5,900 km; petroleum products 3,900 km; natural gas 4,550 km)
(transportation_ports#iran#Abadan {largely destroyed in fighting during 1980-88 war}, Ahvaz, Bandar Beheshti, Bandar-e 'Abbas, Bandar-e Anzali, Bandar-e Bushehr, Bandar-e Khomeyni, Bandar-e Mah Shahr, Bandar-e Torkeman, Jazireh-ye Khark, Jazireh-ye Lavan, Jazireh-ye Sirri, Khorramshahr {limited operation since November 1992}, Now Shahr)
(transportation_merchant_marine_total#iran#130 ships {1,000 GRT or over} totaling 2,791,892 GRT/4,891,615 DWT)
(transportation_merchant_marine_ships_by_type#iran#bulk 47, cargo 41, chemical tanker 5, combination bulk 2, liquefied gas tanker 1, multifunction large-load carrier 1, oil tanker 19, refrigerated cargo 3, roll-on/roll-off cargo 9, short-sea passenger 1, specialized tanker 1 {1995 est.})
(transportation_airports_total#iran#212)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_over_3,047_m#iran#30)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_2,438_to_3,047_m#iran#11)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_1,524_to_2,437_m#iran#31)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_914_to_1,523_m#iran#17)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_under_914_m#iran#22)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_over_3,047_m#iran#1)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_2,438_to_3,047_m#iran#2)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_1,524_to_2,437_m#iran#10)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_914_to_1,523_m#iran#88 {1995 est.})
(transportation_heliports#iran#12 {1995 est.})
(communications_telephones#iran#3.02 million {1992 est.})
(communications_telephone_system_domestic#iran#microwave radio relay extends throughout country; system centered in Tehran)
(communications_telephone_system_international#iran#satellite earth stations - 3 Intelsat {2 Atlantic Ocean and 1 Indian Ocean} and 1 Inmarsat {Indian Ocean Region}; HF radio and microwave radio relay to Turkey, Pakistan, Syria, Kuwait, Tajikistan, and Uzbekistan; submarine fiber-optic cable to UAE)
(communications_radio_broadcast_stations#iran#AM 77, FM 3, shortwave 0)
(communications_radios#iran#14.3 million {1992 est.})
(communications_television_broadcast_stations#iran#28)
(communications_televisions#iran#3.9 million {1992 est.})
(defense_branches#iran#Islamic Republic of Iran regular forces {includes Ground Forces, Navy, Air and Air Defense Forces}, Revolutionary Guards {includes Ground, Air, Navy, Qods, and Basij-mobilization-forces}, Law Enforcement Forces)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_age_15-49#iran#15,157,796)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_fit_for_military_service#iran#9,010,648)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_reach_military_age_{21}_annually#iran#632,602 {1996 est.})
(defense_defense_expenditures#iran#according to official Iranian data, Iran in 1994 budgeted 4,377 billion rials and in 1993 spent 2,182 billion rials, including $850 million in hard currency; note - conversion of defense expenditures into US dollars using current exchange rates could produce misleading results)
(geography_location#iraq#Middle East, bordering the Persian Gulf, between Iran and Kuwait)
(geography_geographic_coordinates#iraq#33 00 N, 44 00 E)
(geography_map_references#iraq#Middle East)
(geography_area_total_area#iraq#437,072 sq km)
(geography_area_land_area#iraq#432,162 sq km)
(geography_area_comparative_area#iraq#slightly more than twice the size of Idaho)
(geography_land_boundaries_total#iraq#3,631 km)
(geography_land_boundaries_border_countries#iraq#Iran 1,458 km, Jordan 181 km, Kuwait 242 km, Saudi Arabia 814 km, Syria 605 km, Turkey 331 km)
(geography_coastline#iraq#58 km)
(geography_maritime_claims_continental_shelf#iraq#not specified)
(geography_maritime_claims_territorial_sea#iraq#12 nm)
(geography_international_disputes#iraq#Iran and Iraq restored diplomatic relations in 1990 but are still trying to work out written agreements settling outstanding disputes from their eight-year war concerning border demarcation, prisoners-of-war, and freedom of navigation and sovereignty over the Shatt al Arab waterway; in November 1994, Iraq formally accepted the UN-demarcated border with Kuwait which had been spelled out in Security Council Resolutions 687 {1991}, 773 {1993}, and 883 {1993}; this formally ends earlier claims to Kuwait and to Bubiyan and Warbah islands; dispute over water development plans by Turkey for the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers)
(geography_climate#iraq#mostly desert; mild to cool winters with dry, hot, cloudless summers; northern mountainous regions along Iranian and Turkish borders experience cold winters with occasionally heavy snows which melt in early spring, sometimes causing extensive flooding in central and southern Iraq)
(geography_terrain#iraq#mostly broad plains; reedy marshes along Iranian border in south; mountains along borders with Iran and Turkey)
(geography_terrain_lowest_point#iraq#Persian Gulf 0 m)
(geography_terrain_highest_point#iraq#Gundah Zhur 3,608 m)
(geography_natural_resources#iraq#petroleum, natural gas, phosphates, sulfur)
(geography_land_use_arable_land#iraq#12%)
(geography_land_use_permanent_crops#iraq#1%)
(geography_land_use_meadows_and_pastures#iraq#9%)
(geography_land_use_forest_and_woodland#iraq#3%)
(geography_land_use_other#iraq#75%)
(geography_irrigated_land#iraq#25,500 sq km {1989 est.})
(geography_environment_current_issues#iraq#government water control projects have drained most of the inhabited marsh areas east of An Nasiriyah by drying up or diverting the feeder streams and rivers; a once sizable population of Shi'a Muslims, who have inhabited these areas for thousands of years, has been displaced; furthermore, the destruction of the natural habitat poses serious threats to the area's wildlife populations; inadequate supplies of potable water; development of Tigris-Euphrates Rivers system contingent upon agreements with upstream riparian Turkey; air and water pollution; soil degradation {salinization} and erosion; desertification)
(geography_environment_natural_hazards#iraq#dust storms, sandstorms, floods)
(geography_environment_international_agreements#iraq#party to - Law of the Sea, Nuclear Test Ban; signed, but not ratified - Environmental Modification)
(people_population#iraq#21,422,292 {July 1996 est.})
(people_age_structure_0-14_years#iraq#48% {male 5,179,240; female 5,014,141})
(people_age_structure_15-64_years#iraq#49% {male 5,342,529; female 5,228,802})
(people_age_structure_65_years_and_over#iraq#3% {male 307,097; female 350,483} {July 1996 est.})
(people_population_growth_rate#iraq#3.69% {1996 est.})
(people_birth_rate#iraq#43.07 births/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_death_rate#iraq#6.57 deaths/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_net_migration_rate#iraq#0.37 migrant{s}/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_sex_ratio_at_birth#iraq#1.05 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_under_15_years#iraq#1.03 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_15-64_years#iraq#1.02 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_65_years_and_over#iraq#0.88 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_all_ages#iraq#1.02 male{s}/female {1996 est.})
(people_infant_mortality_rate#iraq#60 deaths/1,000 live births {1996 est.})
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_total_population#iraq#66.95 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_male#iraq#65.92 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_female#iraq#68.03 years {1996 est.})
(people_total_fertility_rate#iraq#6.41 children born/woman {1996 est.})
(people_nationality_noun#iraq#Iraqi{s})
(people_nationality_adjective#iraq#Iraqi)
(people_ethnic_divisions#iraq#Arab 75%-80%, Kurdish 15%-20%, Turkoman, Assyrian or other 5%)
(people_religions#iraq#Muslim 97% {Shi'a 60%-65%, Sunni 32%-37%}, Christian or other 3%)
(people_languages#iraq#Arabic, Kurdish {official in Kurdish regions}, Assyrian, Armenian)
(people_literacy#iraq#age 15 and over can read and write {1995 est.})
(people_literacy_total_population#iraq#58%)
(people_literacy_male#iraq#70.7%)
(people_literacy_female#iraq#45%)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_long_form#iraq#Republic of Iraq)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_short_form#iraq#Iraq)
(government_name_of_country_local_long_form#iraq#Al Jumhuriyah al Iraqiyah)
(government_name_of_country_local_short_form#iraq#Al Iraq)
(government_data_code#iraq#IZ)
(government_type_of_government#iraq#republic)
(government_capital#iraq#Baghdad)
(government_administrative_divisions#iraq#18 provinces {muhafazat, singular - muhafazah}; Al Anbar, Al Basrah, Al Muthanna, Al Qadisiyah, An Najaf, Arbil, As Sulaymaniyah, At Ta'mim, Babil, Baghdad, Dahuk, Dhi Qar, Diyala, Karbala', Maysan, Ninawa, Salah ad Din, Wasit)
(government_independence#iraq#3 October 1932 {from League of Nations mandate under British administration})
(government_national_holiday#iraq#Anniversary of the Revolution, 17 July {1968})
(government_constitution#iraq#22 September 1968, effective 16 July 1970 {provisional Constitution}; new constitution drafted in 1990 but not adopted)
(government_legal_system#iraq#based on Islamic law in special religious courts, civil law system elsewhere; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction)
(government_suffrage#iraq#18 years of age; universal)
(government_executive_branch_chief_of_state#iraq#President SADDAM Husayn {since 16 July 1979}; Vice President Taha Muhyi al-Din MARUF {since 21 April 1974}; Vice President Taha Yasin RAMADAN {since 23 March 1991} were elected by a two-thirds majority of the Revolutionary Command Council)
(government_executive_branch_head_of_government#iraq#Prime Minister SADDAM Husayn {since NA May 1994}; Deputy Prime Minister Tariq Mikhail AZIZ {since NA 1979})
(government_revolutionary_command_council#iraq#Chairman SADDAM Husayn, Vice Chairman Izzat IBRAHIM al-Duri)
(government_revolutionary_command_council_cabinet#iraq#Council of Ministers)
(government_legislative_branch#iraq#unicameral)
(government_national_assembly_{majlis_al-watani}#iraq#elections last held 24 March 1996 {next to be held NA}; results - percent of vote NA; seats - {250 total, 30 appointed by SADDAM Husayn to represent three northern provonces of Dahuk, Arbil, and As Sulaymaniyah})
(government_national_assembly_{majlis_al-watani}_note#iraq#in northern Iraq, a "Kurdish Assembly" was elected in May 1992 and calls for Kurdish self-determination within a federated Iraq; the assembly is not recognized by the Baghdad government)
(government_judicial_branch#iraq#Court of Cassation)
(government_political_parties_and_leaders#iraq#Ba'th Party, SADDAM Husayn, central party leader)
(government_other_political_or_pressure_groups#iraq#political parties and activity severely restricted; opposition to regime from disaffected members of the Ba'th Party, Army officers, tribes, and Shi'a religious and ethnic Kurdish dissidents; the Green Party {government-controlled})
(government_international_organization_participation#iraq#ABEDA, ACC, AFESD, AL, AMF, CAEU, CCC, ESCWA, FAO, G-19, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Inmarsat, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, ITU, NAM, OAPEC, OIC, OPEC, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us#iraq#none; note - Iraq has an Interest Section in the Algerian Embassy; address: Iraqi Interests Section, Algerian Embassy, 1801 P Street NW, Washington, DC 20036; telephone: [1] {202} 483-7500; FAX: [1] {202} 462-5066)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation#iraq#none; note - the US has an Interests Section in the Polish Embassy in Baghdad, which is in the Masbah Quarter {opposite the Foreign Ministry Club}; address: P. O. Box 2447 Alwiyah, Baghdad; telephone: [964] {1} 719-6138, 719-6139, 718-1840, 719-3791; Telex 212287)
(government_flag#iraq#three equal horizontal bands of red {top}, white, and black with three green five-pointed stars in a horizontal line centered in the white band; the phrase ALLAHU AKBAR {God is Great} in green Arabic script - Allahu to the right of the middle star and Akbar to the left of the middle star - was added in January 1991 during the Persian Gulf crisis; similar to the flag of Syria that has two stars but no script and the flag of Yemen that has a plain white band; also similar to the flag of Egypt that has a symbolic eagle centered in the white band)
(economy_economic_overview#iraq#The Ba'thist regime engages in extensive central planning and management of industrial production and foreign trade while leaving some small-scale industry and services and most agriculture to private enterprise. The economy has been dominated by the oil sector, which has traditionally provided about 95% of foreign exchange earnings. In the 1980s, financial problems caused by massive expenditures in the eight-year war with Iran and damage to oil export facilities by Iran, led the government to implement austerity measures and to borrow heavily and later reschedule foreign debt payments; Iraq suffered economic losses of at least $100 billion from the war. After the end of hostilities in 1988, oil exports gradually increased with the construction of new pipelines and restoration of damaged facilities. Agricultural development remained hampered by labor shortages, salinization, and dislocations caused by previous land reform and collectivization programs. The industrial sector, although accorded high priority by the government, also was under financial constraints. Iraq's seizure of Kuwait in August 1990, subsequent international economic embargoes, and military action by an international coalition beginning in January 1991 drastically changed the economic picture. Industrial and transportation facilities, which suffered severe damage, have been partially restored. Oil exports remain at less than 5% of the previous level. Shortages of spare parts continue. Living standards deteriorated even further in 1994 and 1995; consumer prices have more than doubled in both 1994 and 1995. The UN-sponsored economic embargo has reduced exports and imports and has contributed to the sharp rise in prices. The Iraqi Government has been unwilling to abide by UN resolutions so that the economic embargo can be removed. The government's policies of supporting large military and internal security forces and of allocating resources to key supporters of the regime have exacerbated shortages. In brief, per capita output for 1994-95 is well below the 1989-90 level, but any estimate has a wide range of error.)
(economy_gdp#iraq#purchasing power parity - $41.1 billion {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_real_growth_rate#iraq#NA%)
(economy_gdp_per_capita#iraq#$2,000 {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_agriculture#iraq#NA%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_industry#iraq#NA%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_services#iraq#NA%)
(economy_inflation_rate_{consumer_prices}#iraq#NA%)
(economy_labor_force#iraq#4.4 million {1989})
(economy_labor_force_by_occupation#iraq#services 48%, agriculture 30%, industry 22%)
(economy_labor_force_note#iraq#severe labor shortage; expatriate labor force was about 1,600,000 {July 1990}; since then, it has declined substantially)
(economy_unemployment_rate#iraq#NA%)
(economy_budget_revenues#iraq#$NA)
(economy_budget_expenditures#iraq#$NA, including capital expenditures of $NA)
(economy_industries#iraq#petroleum, chemicals, textiles, construction materials, food processing)
(economy_industrial_production_growth_rate#iraq#NA%)
(economy_electricity_capacity#iraq#7,170,000 kW)
(economy_electricity_production#iraq#25.7 billion kWh)
(economy_electricity_consumption_per_capita#iraq#1,247 kWh {1993})
(economy_agriculture#iraq#wheat, barley, rice, vegetables, dates, other fruit, cotton; cattle, sheep)
(economy_exports#iraq#$NA)
(economy_exports_commodities#iraq#crude oil and refined products, fertilizer, sulfur)
(economy_exports_partners#iraq#US, Brazil, Turkey, Japan, Netherlands, Spain {1990})
(economy_imports#iraq#$NA)
(economy_imports_commodities#iraq#manufactures, food)
(economy_imports_partners#iraq#Germany, US, Turkey, France, UK {1990})
(economy_external_debt#iraq#$50 billion {1989 est.}, excluding debt of about $35 billion owed to Gulf Arab states)
(economy_economic_aid_recipient#iraq#ODA, $NA)
(economy_currency#iraq#1 Iraqi dinar {ID} = 1,000 fils)
(economy_exchange_rates#iraq#Iraqi dinars {ID} per US$1 - 3.2169 {fixed official rate since 1982}; black-market rate {December 1995} US$1 = 2,900 Iraqi dinars; semi-official rate US$1 = 1,000 Iraqi dinars)
(economy_fiscal_year#iraq#calendar year)
(transportation_railways_total#iraq#2,032 km)
(transportation_railways_standard_gauge#iraq#2,032 km 1.435-m gauge)
(transportation_highways_total#iraq#45,554 km)
(transportation_highways_paved#iraq#38,402 km {including 976 km of expressways})
(transportation_highways_unpaved#iraq#7,152 km {1989 est.})
(transportation_waterways#iraq#1,015 km; Shatt al Arab is usually navigable by maritime traffic for about 130 km; channel has been dredged to 3 meters and is in use; Tigris and Euphrates Rivers have navigable sections for shallow-draft watercraft; Shatt al Basrah canal was navigable by shallow-draft craft before closing in 1991 because of the Persian Gulf war)
(transportation_pipelines#iraq#crude oil 4,350 km; petroleum products 725 km; natural gas 1,360 km)
(transportation_ports#iraq#Umm Qasr, Khawr az Zubayr, and Al Basrah have limited functionality)
(transportation_merchant_marine_total#iraq#36 ships {1,000 GRT or over} totaling 795,346 GRT/1,432,292 DWT)
(transportation_merchant_marine_ships_by_type#iraq#cargo 14, oil tanker 16, passenger 1, passenger-cargo 1, refrigerated cargo 1, roll-on/roll-off cargo 3 {1995 est.})
(transportation_airports_total#iraq#102)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_over_3,047_m#iraq#21)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_2,438_to_3,047_m#iraq#34)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_1,524_to_2,437_m#iraq#8)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_914_to_1,523_m#iraq#6)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_under_914_m#iraq#16)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_over_3,047_m#iraq#2)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_2,438_to_3,047_m#iraq#3)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_1,524_to_2,437_m#iraq#3)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_914_to_1,523_m#iraq#9 {1995 est.})
(transportation_heliports#iraq#5 {1995 est.})
(communications_telephones#iraq#632,000 {1987 est.})
(communications_telephone_system#iraq#reconstitution of damaged telecommunication facilities began after the Gulf war; most damaged facilities have been rebuilt)
(communications_telephone_system_domestic#iraq#the network consists of coaxial cables and microwave radio relay links)
(communications_telephone_system_international#iraq#satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat {1 Atlantic Ocean and 1 Indian Ocean}, 1 Intersputnik {Atlantic Ocean Region} and 1 Arabsat; coaxial cable and microwave radio relay to Jordan, Kuwait, Syria, and Turkey; Kuwait line is probably nonoperational)
(communications_radio_broadcast_stations#iraq#AM 16, FM 1, shortwave 0)
(communications_radios#iraq#4.02 million {1991 est.})
(communications_television_broadcast_stations#iraq#13)
(communications_televisions#iraq#1 million {1992 est.})
(defense_branches#iraq#Army, Republican Guard and Special Republican Guard, Navy, Air Force, Air Defense Force, Border Guard Force, Internal Security Forces)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_age_15-49#iraq#4,832,001)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_fit_for_military_service#iraq#2,711,312)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_reach_military_age_{18}_annually#iraq#237,843 {1996 est.})
(defense_defense_expenditures#iraq#$NA, NA% of GDP)
(geography_location#ireland#Western Europe, occupying five-sixths of the island of Ireland in the North Atlantic Ocean, west of Great Britain)
(geography_geographic_coordinates#ireland#53 00 N, 8 00 W)
(geography_map_references#ireland#Europe)
(geography_area_total_area#ireland#70,280 sq km)
(geography_area_land_area#ireland#68,890 sq km)
(geography_area_comparative_area#ireland#slightly larger than West Virginia)
(geography_land_boundaries_total#ireland#360 km)
(geography_land_boundaries_border_country#ireland#UK 360 km)
(geography_coastline#ireland#1,448 km)
(geography_maritime_claims_continental_shelf#ireland#not specified)
(geography_maritime_claims_exclusive_fishing_zone#ireland#200 nm)
(geography_maritime_claims_territorial_sea#ireland#12 nm)
(geography_international_disputes#ireland#Northern Ireland question with the UK; Rockall continental shelf dispute involving Denmark, Iceland, and the UK {Ireland and the UK have signed a boundary agreement in the Rockall area})
(geography_climate#ireland#temperate maritime; modified by North Atlantic Current; mild winters, cool summers; consistently humid; overcast about half the time)
(geography_terrain#ireland#mostly level to rolling interior plain surrounded by rugged hills and low mountains; sea cliffs on west coast)
(geography_terrain_lowest_point#ireland#Atlantic Ocean 0 m)
(geography_terrain_highest_point#ireland#Carrauntoohill 1,041 m)
(geography_natural_resources#ireland#zinc, lead, natural gas, petroleum, barite, copper, gypsum, limestone, dolomite, peat, silver)
(geography_land_use_arable_land#ireland#14%)
(geography_land_use_permanent_crops#ireland#0%)
(geography_land_use_meadows_and_pastures#ireland#71%)
(geography_land_use_forest_and_woodland#ireland#5%)
(geography_land_use_other#ireland#10%)
(geography_irrigated_land#ireland#NA sq km)
(geography_environment_current_issues#ireland#water pollution, especially of lakes, from agricultural runoff)
(geography_environment_natural_hazards#ireland#NA)
(geography_environment_international_agreements#ireland#party to - Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Climate Change, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Marine Dumping, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Tropical Timber 83, Wetlands, Whaling; signed, but not ratified - Air Pollution-Sulphur 94, Biodiversity, Desertification, Endangered Species, Law of the Sea, Marine Life Conservation)
(geography_geographic_note#ireland#strategic location on major air and sea routes between North America and northern Europe; over 40% of the population resides within 60 miles of Dublin)
(people_population#ireland#3,566,833 {July 1996 est.})
(people_age_structure_0-14_years#ireland#23% {male 424,558; female 402,062})
(people_age_structure_15-64_years#ireland#65% {male 1,175,383; female 1,157,960})
(people_age_structure_65_years_and_over#ireland#12% {male 173,150; female 233,720} {July 1996 est.})
(people_population_growth_rate#ireland#-0.22% {1996 est.})
(people_birth_rate#ireland#13.22 births/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_death_rate#ireland#8.93 deaths/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_net_migration_rate#ireland#-6.46 migrant{s}/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_sex_ratio_at_birth#ireland#1.07 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_under_15_years#ireland#1.06 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_15-64_years#ireland#1.02 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_65_years_and_over#ireland#0.74 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_all_ages#ireland#0.99 male{s}/female {1996 est.})
(people_infant_mortality_rate#ireland#6.4 deaths/1,000 live births {1996 est.})
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_total_population#ireland#75.58 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_male#ireland#72.88 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_female#ireland#78.46 years {1996 est.})
(people_total_fertility_rate#ireland#1.83 children born/woman {1996 est.})
(people_nationality_noun#ireland#Irishman{men}, Irishwoman{men}, Irish {collective plural})
(people_nationality_adjective#ireland#Irish)
(people_ethnic_divisions#ireland#Celtic, English)
(people_religions#ireland#Roman Catholic 93%, Anglican 3%, none 1%, unknown 2%, other 1% {1981})
(people_languages#ireland#Irish {Gaelic}, spoken mainly in areas located along the western seaboard, English is the language generally used)
(people_literacy#ireland#age 15 and over can read and write {1981 est.})
(people_literacy_total_population#ireland#98%)
(people_literacy_male#ireland#NA%)
(people_literacy_female#ireland#NA%)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_long_form#ireland#none)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_short_form#ireland#Ireland)
(government_data_code#ireland#EI)
(government_type_of_government#ireland#republic)
(government_capital#ireland#Dublin)
(government_administrative_divisions#ireland#26 counties; Carlow, Cavan, Clare, Cork, Donegal, Dublin, Galway, Kerry, Kildare, Kilkenny, Laois, Leitrim, Limerick, Longford, Louth, Mayo, Meath, Monaghan, Offaly, Roscommon, Sligo, Tipperary, Waterford, Westmeath, Wexford, Wicklow)
(government_independence#ireland#6 December 1921 {from UK})
(government_national_holiday#ireland#Saint Patrick's Day, 17 March)
(government_constitution#ireland#29 December 1937; adopted 1 July 1937 by plebiscite)
(government_legal_system#ireland#based on English common law, substantially modified by indigenous concepts; judicial review of legislative acts in Supreme Court; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction)
(government_suffrage#ireland#18 years of age; universal)
(government_executive_branch_chief_of_state#ireland#President Mary Bourke ROBINSON {since 9 November 1990} was elected for a seven-year term by popular vote; election last held 9 November 1990 {next to be held NA November 1997}; results - Mary Bourke ROBINSON 52.8%, Brian LENIHAN 47.2%)
(government_executive_branch_head_of_government#ireland#Prime Minister John BRUTON {since 15 December 1994} was nominated by the House of Representatives and appointed by the president)
(government_executive_branch_cabinet#ireland#Cabinet was appointed by president with previous nomination of the prime minister and approval of the House of Representatives)
(government_legislative_branch#ireland#bicameral Parliament {Oireachtas})
(government_senate_{seanad_eireann}#ireland#elections last held NA February 1992 {next to be held NA February 1997}; results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - {60 total, 49 elected} Fianna Fail 26, Fine Gael 16, Labor 9, Progressive Democrats 2, Democratic Left 1, independents 6)
(government_house_of_representatives_{dail_eireann}#ireland#elections last held 25 November 1992 {next to be held by NA November 1997}; results - Fianna Fail 39.1%, Fine Gael 24.5%, Labor Party 19.3%, Progressive Democrats 4.7%, Democratic Left 2.8%, Sinn Fein 1.6%, Workers' Party 0.7%, independents 5.9%; seats - {166 total} Fianna Fail 68, Fine Gael 45, Labor Party 33, Progressive Democrats 10, Democratic Left 4, Greens 1, independents 5)
(government_judicial_branch#ireland#Supreme Court, judges appointed by the president on the advice of the government {prime minister and cabinet})
(government_political_parties_and_leaders#ireland#Democratic Left, Proinsias DE ROSSA; Fianna Fail, Bertie AHERN; Labor Party, Richard SPRING; Fine Gael, John BRUTON; Communist Party of Ireland, Michael O'RIORDAN; Sinn Fein, Gerry ADAMS; Progressive Democrats, Mary HARNEY; The Workers' Party, Marion DONNELLY; Green Alliance, Bronwen MAHER)
(government_political_parties_and_leaders_note#ireland#Prime Minister BRUTON heads a three-party coalition consisting of the Fine Gael, the Labor Party, and the Democratic Left)
(government_international_organization_participation#ireland#Australia Group, BIS, CCC, CE, EBRD, ECE, EIB, ESA, EU, FAO, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, ISO, ITU, MINURSO, MTCR, NEA, NSG, OECD, OSCE, UN, UNCRO, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNFICYP, UNIDO, UNIFIL, UNIKOM, UNMIH, UNPREDEP, UNPROFOR, UNTSO, UPU, WEU {observer}, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTrO, ZC)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_chief_of_mission#ireland#Ambassador Dermot A. GALLAGHER)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_chancery#ireland#2234 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_telephone#ireland#[1] {202} 462-3939)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_consulate{s}_general#ireland#Boston, Chicago, New York, and San Francisco)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_chief_of_mission#ireland#Ambassador Jean Kennedy SMITH)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_embassy#ireland#42 Elgin Road, Ballsbridge, Dublin)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_mailing_address#ireland#use embassy street address)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_telephone#ireland#[353] {1} 6688777)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_fax#ireland#[353] {1} 6689946)
(government_flag#ireland#three equal vertical bands of green {hoist side}, white, and orange; similar to the flag of Cote d'Ivoire, which is shorter and has the colors reversed - orange {hoist side}, white, and green; also similar to the flag of Italy, which is shorter and has colors of green {hoist side}, white, and red)
(economy_economic_overview#ireland#The economy is small and trade dependent. Agriculture, once the most important sector, is now dwarfed by industry, which accounts for 38% of GDP, about 80% of exports, and employs 28% of the labor force. Although exports remain the primary engine for Ireland's robust growth, the economy is also benefiting from a rise in consumer spending and recovery in both construction and business investment. Ireland has substantially reduced its external debt since 1987, to 40% of GDP in 1994. Over the same period, inflation has fallen sharply and chronic trade deficits have been transformed into annual surpluses. Unemployment remains a serious problem, however, and job creation is the main focus of government policy. To ease unemployment, Dublin aggressively courts foreign investors and recently created a new industrial development agency to aid small indigenous firms. Government assistance is constrained by Dublin's continuing deficit reduction measures.)
(economy_gdp#ireland#purchasing power parity - $54.6 billion {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_real_growth_rate#ireland#7% {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_per_capita#ireland#$15,400 {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_agriculture#ireland#6.8%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_industry#ireland#35.3%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_services#ireland#57.9% {1994})
(economy_inflation_rate_{consumer_prices}#ireland#2.8% {1995 est.})
(economy_labor_force#ireland#1.37 million)
(economy_labor_force_by_occupation#ireland#services 57.0%, manufacturing and construction 28%, agriculture, forestry, and fishing 13.5%, energy and mining 1.5% {1992})
(economy_unemployment_rate#ireland#13.5% {1995 est.})
(economy_budget_revenues#ireland#$19.3 billion)
(economy_budget_expenditures#ireland#$20.3 billion, including capital expenditures of $3.6 billion {1994})
(economy_industries#ireland#food products, brewing, textiles, clothing, chemicals, pharmaceuticals, machinery, transportation equipment, glass and crystal)
(economy_industrial_production_growth_rate#ireland#8.9% {1995 est.})
(economy_electricity_capacity#ireland#3,930,000 kW)
(economy_electricity_production#ireland#14.9 billion kWh)
(economy_electricity_consumption_per_capita#ireland#3,938 kWh {1993})
(economy_agriculture#ireland#turnips, barley, potatoes, sugar beets, wheat; meat and dairy products)
(economy_illicit_drugs#ireland#transshipment point for hashish from North Africa to the UK and Netherlands)
(economy_exports#ireland#$29.9 billion {f.o.b., 1994})
(economy_exports_commodities#ireland#chemicals, data processing equipment, industrial machinery, live animals, animal products)
(economy_exports_partners#ireland#EU 73% {UK 27%, Germany 14%, France 9%}, US 9%)
(economy_imports#ireland#$25.3 billion {c.i.f., 1994})
(economy_imports_commodities#ireland#food, animal feed, data processing equipment, petroleum and petroleum products, machinery, textiles, clothing)
(economy_imports_partners#ireland#EU 58% {UK 36%, Germany 7%, France 4%}, US 18%)
(economy_external_debt#ireland#$19.5 billion {1994 est.})
(economy_economic_aid_donor#ireland#ODA, $81 million {1993})
(economy_currency#ireland#1 Irish pound {úIr} = 100 pence)
(economy_exchange_rates#ireland#Irish pounds {úIr} per US$1 - 0.6315 {January 1996}, 0.6235 {1995}, 0.6676 {1994}, 0.6816 {1993}, 0.5864 {1992}, 0.6190 {1991})
(economy_fiscal_year#ireland#calendar year)
(transportation_railways_total#ireland#1,944 km)
(transportation_railways_broad_gauge#ireland#1,944 km 1.600-m gauge {37 km electrified; 485 km double track} {1995})
(transportation_highways_total#ireland#92,327 km)
(transportation_highways_paved#ireland#86,787 km {including 32 km of expressways})
(transportation_highways_unpaved#ireland#5,540 km {1992 est.})
(transportation_waterways#ireland#limited for commercial traffic)
(transportation_pipelines#ireland#natural gas 225 km)
(transportation_ports#ireland#Arklow, Cork, Drogheda, Dublin, Foynes, Galway, Limerick, New Ross, Waterford)
(transportation_merchant_marine_total#ireland#42 ships {1,000 GRT or over} totaling 129,027 GRT/155,371 DWT)
(transportation_merchant_marine_ships_by_type#ireland#bulk 4, cargo 27, chemical tanker 1, container 3, oil tanker 2, short-sea passenger 3, specialized tanker 2 {1995 est.})
(transportation_airports_total#ireland#40)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_over_3,047_m#ireland#1)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_2,438_to_3,047_m#ireland#1)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_1,524_to_2,437_m#ireland#3)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_914_to_1,523_m#ireland#3)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_under_914_m#ireland#29)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_914_to_1,523_m#ireland#3 {1995 est.})
(communications_telephones#ireland#900,000 {1987 est.})
(communications_telephone_system#ireland#modern digital system using cable and microwave radio relay)
(communications_telephone_system_domestic#ireland#microwave radio relay)
(communications_telephone_system_international#ireland#satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat {Atlantic Ocean})
(communications_radio_broadcast_stations#ireland#AM 9, FM 45, shortwave 0)
(communications_radios#ireland#2.2 million {1991 est.})
(communications_television_broadcast_stations#ireland#86 {1987 est.})
(communications_televisions#ireland#1.025 million {1990 est.})
(defense_branches#ireland#Army {includes Naval Service and Air Corps}, National Police {Garda Siochana})
(defense_manpower_availability_males_age_15-49#ireland#939,237)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_fit_for_military_service#ireland#761,048)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_reach_military_age_{17}_annually#ireland#35,904 {1996 est.})
(defense_defense_expenditures#ireland#exchange rate conversion - $618 million, 1.3% of GDP {1994})
(header_affiliation#israel#{also see separate Gaza Strip and West Bank entries})
(header_note#israel#The territories occupied by Israel since the 1967 war are not included in the data below. In keeping with the framework established at the Madrid Conference in October 1991, bilateral negotiations are being conducted between Israel and Palestinian representatives, and Israel and Syria, to achieve a permanent settlement between them. On 25 April 1982, Israel withdrew from the Sinai pursuant to the 1979 Israel-Egypt Peace treaty. Outstanding territorial and other disputes with Jordan were resolved in the 26 October 1994 Israel-Jordan Treaty of Peace.)
(geography_location#israel#Middle East, bordering the Mediterranean Sea, between Egypt and Lebanon)
(geography_geographic_coordinates#israel#31 30 N, 34 45 E)
(geography_map_references#israel#Middle East)
(geography_area_total_area#israel#20,770 sq km)
(geography_area_land_area#israel#20,330 sq km)
(geography_area_comparative_area#israel#slightly larger than New Jersey)
(geography_land_boundaries_total#israel#1,006 km)
(geography_land_boundaries_border_countries#israel#Egypt 255 km, Gaza Strip 51 km, Jordan 238 km, Lebanon 79 km, Syria 76 km, West Bank 307 km)
(geography_coastline#israel#273 km)
(geography_maritime_claims_continental_shelf#israel#to depth of exploitation)
(geography_maritime_claims_territorial_sea#israel#12 nm)
(geography_international_disputes#israel#West Bank and Gaza Strip are Israeli occupied with current status subject to the Israeli-Palestinian Interim Agreement - permanent status to be determined through further negotiation; Golan Heights is Israeli occupied; Israeli troops in southern Lebanon since June 1982)
(geography_climate#israel#temperate; hot and dry in southern and eastern desert areas)
(geography_terrain#israel#Negev desert in the south; low coastal plain; central mountains; Jordan Rift Valley)
(geography_terrain_lowest_point#israel#Dead Sea -408 m)
(geography_terrain_highest_point#israel#Har Meron 1,208 m)
(geography_natural_resources#israel#copper, phosphates, bromide, potash, clay, sand, sulfur, asphalt, manganese, small amounts of natural gas and crude oil)
(geography_land_use_arable_land#israel#17%)
(geography_land_use_permanent_crops#israel#5%)
(geography_land_use_meadows_and_pastures#israel#40%)
(geography_land_use_forest_and_woodland#israel#6%)
(geography_land_use_other#israel#32%)
(geography_irrigated_land#israel#2,140 sq km {1989})
(geography_environment_current_issues#israel#limited arable land and natural fresh water resources pose serious constraints; desertification; air pollution from industrial and vehicle emissions; groundwater pollution from industrial and domestic waste, chemical fertilizers, and pesticides)
(geography_environment_natural_hazards#israel#sandstorms may occur during spring and summer)
(geography_environment_international_agreements#israel#party to - Biodiversity, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution; signed, but not ratified - Climate Change, Desertification, Marine Life Conservation)
(geography_geographic_note#israel#there are 202 Israeli settlements and civilian land use sites in the West Bank, 42 in the Israeli-occupied Golan Heights, 24 in the Gaza Strip, and 26 in East Jerusalem {August 1995 est.})
(people_population#israel#5,421,995 {July 1996 est.})
(people_population_note#israel#includes 127,600 Israeli settlers in the West Bank, 14,800 in the Israeli-occupied Golan Heights, 5,000 in the Gaza Strip, and 153,700 in East Jerusalem {August 1995 est.})
(people_age_structure_0-14_years#israel#29% {male 793,712; female 756,735})
(people_age_structure_15-64_years#israel#62% {male 1,670,082; female 1,669,481})
(people_age_structure_65_years_and_over#israel#9% {male 230,082; female 301,903} {July 1996 est.})
(people_population_growth_rate#israel#2.11% {1996 est.})
(people_birth_rate#israel#20.31 births/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_death_rate#israel#6.26 deaths/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_net_migration_rate#israel#7.03 migrant{s}/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_sex_ratio_at_birth#israel#1.05 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_under_15_years#israel#1.05 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_15-64_years#israel#1 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_65_years_and_over#israel#0.76 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_all_ages#israel#0.99 male{s}/female {1996 est.})
(people_infant_mortality_rate#israel#8.5 deaths/1,000 live births {1996 est.})
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_total_population#israel#78.01 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_male#israel#76.16 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_female#israel#79.96 years {1996 est.})
(people_total_fertility_rate#israel#2.77 children born/woman {1996 est.})
(people_nationality_noun#israel#Israeli{s})
(people_nationality_adjective#israel#Israeli)
(people_ethnic_divisions#israel#Jewish 82% {Israel-born 50%, Europe/Americas/Oceania-born 20%, Africa-born 7%, Asia-born 5%}, non-Jewish 18% {mostly Arab} {1993 est.})
(people_religions#israel#Judaism 82%, Islam 14% {mostly Sunni Muslim}, Christian 2%, Druze and other 2%)
(people_languages#israel#Hebrew {official}, Arabic used officially for Arab minority, English most commonly used foreign language)
(people_literacy#israel#age 15 and over can read and write {1992 est.})
(people_literacy_total_population#israel#95%)
(people_literacy_male#israel#97%)
(people_literacy_female#israel#93%)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_long_form#israel#State of Israel)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_short_form#israel#Israel)
(government_name_of_country_local_long_form#israel#Medinat Yisra'el)
(government_name_of_country_local_short_form#israel#Yisra'el)
(government_data_code#israel#IS)
(government_type_of_government#israel#republic)
(government_capital#israel#Jerusalem)
(government_capital_note#israel#Israel proclaimed Jerusalem as its capital in 1950, but the US, like nearly all other countries, maintains its Embassy in Tel Aviv)
(government_administrative_divisions#israel#6 districts {mehozot, singular - mehoz}; Central, Haifa, Jerusalem, Northern, Southern, Tel Aviv)
(government_independence#israel#14 May 1948 {from League of Nations mandate under British administration})
(government_national_holiday#israel#Independence Day, 14 May 1948 {Israel declared independence on 14 May 1948, but the Jewish calendar is lunar and the holiday may occur in April or May})
(government_constitution#israel#no formal constitution; some of the functions of a constitution are filled by the Declaration of Establishment {1948}, the basic laws of the parliament {Knesset}, and the Israeli citizenship law)
(government_legal_system#israel#mixture of English common law, British Mandate regulations, and, in personal matters, Jewish, Christian, and Muslim legal systems; in December 1985, Israel informed the UN Secretariat that it would no longer accept compulsory ICJ jurisdiction)
(government_suffrage#israel#18 years of age; universal)
(government_executive_branch_chief_of_state#israel#President Ezer WEIZMAN {since 13 May 1993} was elected for a five-year term by the Knesset; election last held 24 March 1993 {next to be held NA March 1998}; results - Ezer WEIZMAN elected by Knesset)
(government_executive_branch_head_of_government#israel#Prime Minister Shimon PERES {since 15 November 1995} was appointed by the president following the assassination of Prime Minister Yitzhak RABIN)
(government_executive_branch_cabinet#israel#Cabinet was selected from and approved by the Knesset)
(government_legislative_branch#israel#unicameral)
(government_legislative_branch_parliament_{knesset}#israel#elections last held NA June 1992 {next to be held 29 May 1996}; results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - {120 total} Labor 44, Likud 32, MERETZ 12, Tzomet 8, National Religious Party 6, SHAS 6, United Torah Jewry 4, Democratic Front for Peace and Equality {Hadash} 3, Moledet 3, Arab Democratic Party 2; note - the distribution of seats as of January 1996 is as follows - Labor Party 45, Likud bloc 33, MERETZ 12, National Religious Party 6, SHAS 6, Tzomet 5, United Torah Jewry 4, Democratic Front for Peace and Equality {Hadash} 3, Moledet 2, Arab Democratic Party 2, Yi'ud 1 {in coalition}, Right of Israel 1)
(government_judicial_branch#israel#Supreme Court)
(government_political_parties_and_leaders_members_of_the_government#israel#Labor Party, Prime Minister Shimon PERES; MERETZ, Minister of Environment Yossi SARID; Yi'ud, Gonen SEGEV)
(government_political_parties_and_leaders_not_in_coalition,_but_voting_with_the_government#israel#Democratic Front for Peace and Equality {Hadash}, Hashim MAHAMID; Arab Democratic Party, Abd al Wahab DARAWSHAH)
(government_political_parties_and_leaders_opposition_parties#israel#Likud Party, Binyamin NETANYAHU; Tzomet, Rafael EITAN; National Religious Party, Zevulun HAMMER; United Torah Jewry, Avraham SHAPIRA; Moledet, Rehavam ZEEVI; Peace Guard {independent}, Shaul GUTMAN; SHAS, Arieh DERI; Right of Israel, leader NA)
(government_political_parties_and_leaders_note#israel#Israel currently has a coalition government comprising three parties that hold 58 seats of the Knesset's 120 seats)
(government_other_political_or_pressure_groups#israel#Gush Emunim, Israeli nationalists advocating Jewish settlement on the West Bank and Gaza Strip; Peace Now supports territorial concessions in the West Bank and is critical of government's Lebanon policy)
(government_international_organization_participation#israel#AG {observer}, BSEC {observer}, CCC, CE {observer}, CERN {observer}, EBRD, ECE, FAO, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, IDA, IFAD, IFC, ILO, IMF, IMO, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, OAS {observer}, OSCE {partner}, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_chief_of_mission#israel#Ambassador Itamar RABINOVICH)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_chancery#israel#3514 International Drive NW, Washington, DC 20008)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_telephone#israel#[1] {202} 364-5500)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_fax#israel#[1] {202} 364-5610)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_consulate{s}_general#israel#Atlanta, Boston, Chicago, Houston, Los Angeles, Miami, New York, Philadelphia, and San Francisco)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_chief_of_mission#israel#Ambassador Martin S. INDYK)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_embassy#israel#71 Hayarkon Street, Tel Aviv)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_mailing_address#israel#PSC 98, Box 100, APO AE 09830)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_telephone#israel#[972] {3} 519-7575)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_fax#israel#[972] {3} 517-3227)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_consulate{s}_general#israel#Jerusalem)
(government_flag#israel#white with a blue hexagram {six-pointed linear star} known as the Magen David {Shield of David} centered between two equal horizontal blue bands near the top and bottom edges of the flag)
(economy_economic_overview#israel#Israel has a market economy with substantial government participation. It depends on imports of crude oil, grains, raw materials, and military equipment. Despite limited natural resources, Israel has intensively developed its agricultural and industrial sectors over the past 20 years. Industry employs about 22% of Israeli workers, agriculture, forestry, and fishing 3.5%, and services the rest. Israel is largely self-sufficient in food production except for grains. Diamonds, high-technology equipment, and agricultural products {fruits and vegetables} are leading exports. Israel usually posts current account deficits, which are covered by large transfer payments from abroad and by foreign loans. Roughly half of the government's external debt is owed to the US, which is its major source of economic and military aid. To earn needed foreign exchange, Israel has been targeting high-technology niches in international markets, such as medical scanning equipment. The influx of Jewish immigrants from the former USSR, which topped 525,000 during the period 1990-95, increased unemployment, intensified housing problems, and strained the government budget. At the same time, the immigrants bring to the economy valuable scientific and professional expertise.)
(economy_gdp#israel#purchasing power parity - $80.1 billion {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_real_growth_rate#israel#7.1% {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_per_capita#israel#$15,500 {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_agriculture#israel#3.5%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_industry#israel#22%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_services#israel#74.5%)
(economy_inflation_rate_{consumer_prices}#israel#10.1% {1995})
(economy_labor_force#israel#1.9 million {1992})
(economy_labor_force_by_occupation#israel#public services 29.3%, industry 22.1%, commerce 13.9%, finance and business 10.4%, personal and other services 7.4%, construction 6.5%, transport, storage, and communications 6.3%, agriculture, forestry, and fishing 3.5%, other 0.6% {1992})
(economy_unemployment_rate#israel#6.3% {1995 est.})
(economy_budget_revenues#israel#$41 billion)
(economy_budget_expenditures#israel#$53 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA {1996})
(economy_industries#israel#food processing, diamond cutting and polishing, textiles and apparel, chemicals, metal products, military equipment, transport equipment, electrical equipment, potash mining, high-technology electronics, tourism)
(economy_industrial_production_growth_rate#israel#10.3% {1995 est.})
(economy_electricity_capacity#israel#4,140,000 kW)
(economy_electricity_production#israel#23 billion kWh)
(economy_electricity_consumption_per_capita#israel#4,290 kWh {1993})
(economy_agriculture#israel#citrus and other fruits, vegetables, cotton; beef, poultry, dairy products)
(economy_illicit_drugs#israel#increasingly concerned about cocaine and heroin abuse and trafficking)
(economy_exports#israel#$28.4 billion {f.o.b., 1995 est.})
(economy_exports_commodities#israel#machinery and equipment, cut diamonds, chemicals, textiles and apparel, agricultural products, metals)
(economy_exports_partners#israel#US, EU, Japan)
(economy_imports#israel#$40.1 billion {c.i.f., 1995 est.})
(economy_imports_commodities#israel#military equipment, investment goods, rough diamonds, oil, other productive inputs, consumer goods)
(economy_imports_partners#israel#EU, US, Japan)
(economy_external_debt#israel#$18.5 billion {1995 est.})
(economy_economic_aid_recipient#israel#total receipts $12.14 billion of which $11.38 billion from the US {1990-93})
(economy_currency#israel#1 new Israeli shekel {NIS} = 100 new agorot)
(economy_exchange_rates#israel#new Israeli shekels {NIS} per US$1 - 3.1295 {January 1996}, 3.0113 {1995}, 3.0111 {1994}, 2.8301 {1993}, 2.4591 {1992}, 2.2791 {1991})
(economy_fiscal_year#israel#calendar year {since 1 January 1992})
(transportation_railways_total#israel#526 km)
(transportation_railways_standard_gauge#israel#526 km 1.435-m gauge)
(transportation_highways_total#israel#13,461 km)
(transportation_highways_paved#israel#13,461 km {including 56 km of expressways})
(transportation_highways_unpaved#israel#0 km {1992 est.})
(transportation_pipelines#israel#crude oil 708 km; petroleum products 290 km; natural gas 89 km)
(transportation_ports#israel#Ashdod, Ashqelon, Elat, Hadera, Haifa, Tel Aviv-Yafo)
(transportation_merchant_marine_total#israel#28 ships {1,000 GRT or over} totaling 577,747 GRT/701,459 DWT)
(transportation_merchant_marine_ships_by_type#israel#cargo 5, container 20, refrigerated cargo 2, roll-on/roll-off cargo 1 {1995 est.})
(transportation_airports_total#israel#50)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_over_3,047_m#israel#2)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_2,438_to_3,047_m#israel#6)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_1,524_to_2,437_m#israel#7)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_914_to_1,523_m#israel#8)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_under_914_m#israel#22)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_1,524_to_2,437_m#israel#2)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_914_to_1,523_m#israel#3 {1995 est.})
(transportation_heliports#israel#2 {1995 est.})
(communications_telephones#israel#2.425 million {1990 est.})
(communications_telephone_system#israel#most highly developed system in the Middle East although not the largest)
(communications_telephone_system_domestic#israel#good system of coaxial cable and microwave radio relay)
(communications_telephone_system_international#israel#3 submarine cables; satellite earth stations - 3 Intelsat {2 Atlantic Ocean and 1 Indian Ocean})
(communications_radio_broadcast_stations#israel#AM 9, FM 45, shortwave 0)
(communications_radios#israel#2.25 million {1993 est.})
(communications_television_broadcast_stations#israel#20)
(communications_televisions#israel#1.5 million {1993 est.})
(defense_branches#israel#Israel Defense Forces {includes ground, naval, and air components}, Pioneer Fighting Youth {Nahal}, Frontier Guard, Chen {women}; note - historically there have been no separate Israeli military services)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_age_15-49#israel#1,390,603)
(defense_manpower_availability_females_age_15-49#israel#1,363,986)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_fit_for_military_service#israel#1,139,137)
(defense_manpower_availability_females_fit_for_military_service#israel#1,112,947)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_reach_military_age_{18}_annually#israel#50,508)
(defense_manpower_availability_females_reach_military_age_{18}_annually#israel#48,176 {1996 est.})
(defense_defense_expenditures#israel#exchange rate conversion - $9.2 billion, about 9.8% of GDP {1996})
(geography_location#italy#Southern Europe, a peninsula extending into the central Mediterranean Sea, northeast of Tunisia)
(geography_geographic_coordinates#italy#42 50 N, 12 50 E)
(geography_map_references#italy#Europe)
(geography_area_total_area#italy#301,230 sq km)
(geography_area_land_area#italy#294,020 sq km)
(geography_area_comparative_area#italy#slightly larger than Arizona)
(geography_area_note#italy#includes Sardinia and Sicily)
(geography_land_boundaries_total#italy#1,935.2 km)
(geography_land_boundaries_border_countries#italy#Austria 430 km, France 488 km, Holy See {Vatican City} 3.2 km, San Marino 39 km, Slovenia 235 km, Switzerland 740 km)
(geography_coastline#italy#7,600 km)
(geography_maritime_claims_continental_shelf#italy#200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation)
(geography_maritime_claims_territorial_sea#italy#12 nm)
(geography_international_disputes#italy#Italy is negotiating with Slovenia over property and minority rights issues dating from World War II)
(geography_climate#italy#predominantly Mediterranean; Alpine in far north; hot, dry in south)
(geography_terrain#italy#mostly rugged and mountainous; some plains, coastal lowlands)
(geography_terrain_lowest_point#italy#Mediterranean Sea 0 m)
(geography_terrain_highest_point#italy#Mont Blanc 4,807 m)
(geography_natural_resources#italy#mercury, potash, marble, sulfur, dwindling natural gas and crude oil reserves, fish, coal)
(geography_land_use_arable_land#italy#32%)
(geography_land_use_permanent_crops#italy#10%)
(geography_land_use_meadows_and_pastures#italy#17%)
(geography_land_use_forest_and_woodland#italy#22%)
(geography_land_use_other#italy#19%)
(geography_irrigated_land#italy#31,000 sq km {1989 est.})
(geography_environment_current_issues#italy#air pollution from industrial emissions such as sulfur dioxide; coastal and inland rivers polluted from industrial and agricultural effluents; acid rain damaging lakes; inadequate industrial waste treatment and disposal facilities)
(geography_environment_natural_hazards#italy#regional risks include landslides, mudflows, avalanches, earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, flooding; land subsidence in Venice)
(geography_environment_international_agreements#italy#party to - Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Sulphur 85, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Wetlands, Whaling; signed, but not ratified - Air Pollution-Sulphur 94, Desertification)
(geography_geographic_note#italy#strategic location dominating central Mediterranean as well as southern sea and air approaches to Western Europe)
(people_population#italy#57,460,274 {July 1996 est.})
(people_age_structure_0-14_years#italy#15% {male 4,419,636; female 4,167,860})
(people_age_structure_15-64_years#italy#68% {male 19,656,546; female 19,629,291})
(people_age_structure_65_years_and_over#italy#17% {male 3,902,426; female 5,684,515} {July 1996 est.})
(people_population_growth_rate#italy#0.13% {1996 est.})
(people_birth_rate#italy#9.87 births/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_death_rate#italy#9.82 deaths/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_net_migration_rate#italy#1.25 migrant{s}/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_sex_ratio_at_birth#italy#1.06 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_under_15_years#italy#1.06 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_15-64_years#italy#1 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_65_years_and_over#italy#0.69 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_all_ages#italy#0.95 male{s}/female {1996 est.})
(people_infant_mortality_rate#italy#6.9 deaths/1,000 live births {1996 est.})
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_total_population#italy#78.06 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_male#italy#74.85 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_female#italy#81.48 years {1996 est.})
(people_total_fertility_rate#italy#1.27 children born/woman {1996 est.})
(people_nationality_noun#italy#Italian{s})
(people_nationality_adjective#italy#Italian)
(people_ethnic_divisions#italy#Italian {includes small clusters of German-, French-, and Slovene-Italians in the north and Albanian-Italians and Greek-Italians in the south}, Sicilians, Sardinians)
(people_religions#italy#Roman Catholic 98%, other 2%)
(people_languages#italy#Italian, German {parts of Trentino-Alto Adige region are predominantly German speaking}, French {small French-speaking minority in Valle d'Aosta region}, Slovene {Slovene-speaking minority in the Trieste-Gorizia area})
(people_literacy#italy#age 15 and over can read and write {1990 est.})
(people_literacy_total_population#italy#97%)
(people_literacy_male#italy#98%)
(people_literacy_female#italy#96%)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_long_form#italy#Italian Republic)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_short_form#italy#Italy)
(government_name_of_country_local_long_form#italy#Repubblica Italiana)
(government_name_of_country_local_short_form#italy#Italia)
(government_name_of_country_former#italy#Kingdom of Italy)
(government_data_code#italy#IT)
(government_type_of_government#italy#republic)
(government_capital#italy#Rome)
(government_administrative_divisions#italy#20 regions {regioni, singular - regione}; Abruzzi, Basilicata, Calabria, Campania, Emilia-Romagna, Friuli-Venezia Giulia, Lazio, Liguria, Lombardia, Marche, Molise, Piemonte, Puglia, Sardegna, Sicilia, Toscana, Trentino-Alto Adige, Umbria, Valle d'Aosta, Veneto)
(government_independence#italy#17 March 1861 {Kingdom of Italy proclaimed})
(government_national_holiday#italy#Anniversary of the Republic, 2 June {1946})
(government_constitution#italy#1 January 1948)
(government_legal_system#italy#based on civil law system, with ecclesiastical law influence; appeals treated as trials de novo; judicial review under certain conditions in Constitutional Court; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction)
(government_suffrage#italy#18 years of age; universal {except in senatorial elections, where minimum age is 25})
(government_executive_branch_chief_of_state#italy#President Oscar Luigi SCALFARO {since 28 May 1992} was elected for a seven-year term by an electoral college consisting of both houses of Parliament and 58 regional representatives)
(government_executive_branch_head_of_government#italy#Prime Minister {referred to in Italy as the President of the Council of Ministers} Romano PRODI {since 18 May 1996} was appointed by the president)
(government_executive_branch_cabinet#italy#Council of Ministers was nominated by the President of the Council {i.e., Prime Minister} and approved by the President of the Republic)
(government_legislative_branch#italy#bicameral Parliament {Parlamento})
(government_senate_{senato_della_repubblica}#italy#elections last held 22 April 1996 {next to be held by NA}; results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - {326 total, 315 elected, 11 appointed senators-for-life} Olive Tree 157, Freedom Alliance 116, Northern League 27, Refounded Communists 10, regional lists 3, Social Movement-Tricolor Flames 1, Panella Reformers 1)
(government_chamber_of_deputies_{camera_dei_deputati}#italy#elections last held 22 April 1996 {next to be held NA}; results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - {630 total} Olive Tree 284, Freedom Alliance 246, Northern League 59, Refounded Communists 35, Southern Tyrol List 3, Autonomous List 2, other 1)
(government_judicial_branch#italy#Constitutional Court {Corte Costituzionale}, composed of 15 judges {one-third appointed by the president, one-third elected by Parliament, one-third elected by the ordinary and administrative supreme courts})
(government_olive_tree#italy#Democratic Party of the Left {PDS}, Massimo D'ALEMA; Greens, Carlo RIPA DI MEANA; Italian Renewal, Lamberto DINI; Southern Tyrols List {German speakers})
(government_freedom_alliance#italy#Forza Italia {FI}, Silvio BERLUSCONI; National Alliance {AN}, Gianfranco FINI; Christian Democratic Center {CCD}, Pier Ferdinando CASINI; Democratic Union Party, Antonio MACCANICO)
(government_freedom_alliance_other#italy#Northern League {NL}, Umberto BOSSI; Italian Social Movement, Pino RAUTI; Communist Refoundation {RC}, Fausto BERTINOTTI; Italian Socialists, Enrico BOSELLI; Rete {The Network}, Leoluca ORLANDO; Christian Socialists, Luciano GUERZONI; Democratic Pact for Italy, Mario SEGNI; Italian Popular Party {PPI}, Gerardo BIANCO; Pannella's Reformers, Marco PANNELLA; Christian Democratic Union {United Christian Democrats - CDU}, Rocco BUTTIGLIONE; Democratic Alliance, Willer BORDON; Union for the New Republic, Raffaele COSTA; Unitary Communists, Famiano CRUCIANELLI; Autonomous List {a group of minor parties}; Social Movement-Tricolor Flames)
(government_other_political_or_pressure_groups#italy#the Roman Catholic Church; three major trade union confederations {Confederazione Generale Italiana del Lavoro or CGIL which is PDS-dominated, Confederazione Italiana dei Sindacati Lavoratori or CISL which is centrist, and Unione Italiana del Lavoro or UIL which is center-left}; Italian manufacturers and merchants associations {Confindustria, Confcommercio}; organized farm groups {Confcoltivatori, Confagricoltura})
(government_international_organization_participation#italy#AfDB, AG {observer}, AsDB, Australia Group, BIS, CCC, CDB {non-regional}, CE, CEI, CERN, EBRD, ECE, ECLAC, EIB, ESA, EU, FAO, G- 7, G-10, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Inmarsat, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, LAIA {observer}, MINURSO, MTCR, NACC, NAM {guest}, NATO, NEA, NSG, OAS {observer}, OECD, OSCE, PCA, UN, UN Security Council {temporary}, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIFIL, UNIKOM, UNITAR, UNMOGIP, UNTSO, UPU, WCL, WEU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO, ZC)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_chief_of_mission#italy#Ambassador Ferdinando SALLEO)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_chancery#italy#1601 Fuller Street NW, Washington, DC 20009)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_telephone#italy#[1] {202} 328-5500)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_fax#italy#[1] {202} 483-2187)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_consulate{s}_general#italy#Boston, Chicago, Houston, Miami, New York, Los Angeles, Philadelphia, San Francisco)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_consulate{s}#italy#Detroit and New Orleans)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_chief_of_mission#italy#Ambassador Reginald BARTHOLOMEW)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_embassy#italy#Via Veneto 119/A, 00187-Rome)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_mailing_address#italy#PSC 59, Box 100, Rome; APO AE 09624)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_telephone#italy#[39] {6} 46741)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_fax#italy#[39] {6} 488-2672)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_consulate{s}_general#italy#Florence, Milan, Naples)
(government_flag#italy#three equal vertical bands of green {hoist side}, white, and red; similar to the flag of Ireland, which is longer and is green {hoist side}, white, and orange; also similar to the flag of the Cote d'Ivoire, which has the colors reversed - orange {hoist side}, white, and green)
(economy_economic_overview#italy#Since World War II, the Italian economy has changed from one based on agriculture into a ranking industrial economy, with approximately the same total and per capita output as France and the UK. The country is still divided into a developed industrial north, dominated by private companies, and an undeveloped agricultural south, dominated by large public enterprises. Most raw materials needed by industry and over 75% of energy requirements must be imported. In the second half of 1992, Rome became unsettled by the prospect of not qualifying to participate in EU plans for economic and monetary union later in the decade; thus, it finally began to address its huge fiscal imbalances. Subsequently, the government has adopted fairly stringent budgets, abandoned its inflationary wage indexation system, and started to scale back its generous social welfare programs, including pension and health care benefits. Monetary officials were forced to withdraw the lira from the European monetary system in September 1992, when it came under extreme pressure in currency markets. For the 1990s, Italy faces the problems of pushing ahead with fiscal reform, refurbishing a tottering communications system, curbing pollution in major industrial centers, and adjusting to the new competitive forces accompanying the ongoing expansion and economic integration of the EU.)
(economy_gdp#italy#purchasing power parity - $1.0886 trillion {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_real_growth_rate#italy#3.2% {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_per_capita#italy#$18,700 {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_agriculture#italy#2.9%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_industry#italy#31.6%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_services#italy#65.5% {1994})
(economy_inflation_rate_{consumer_prices}#italy#5.4% {1995})
(economy_labor_force#italy#23.988 million)
(economy_labor_force_by_occupation#italy#services 58%, industry 32.2%, agriculture 9.8% {1988})
(economy_unemployment_rate#italy#12.2% {January 1995})
(economy_budget_revenues#italy#$339 billion)
(economy_budget_expenditures#italy#$431 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA {1994 est.})
(economy_industries#italy#tourism, machinery, iron and steel, chemicals, food processing, textiles, motor vehicles, clothing, footwear, ceramics)
(economy_industrial_production_growth_rate#italy#5.5% {1995 est.})
(economy_electricity_capacity#italy#61,630,000 kW)
(economy_electricity_production#italy#209 billion kWh)
(economy_electricity_consumption_per_capita#italy#4,033 kWh {1993})
(economy_agriculture#italy#fruits, vegetables, grapes, potatoes, sugar beets, soybeans, grain, olives; meat and dairy products; fish catch of 525,000 metric tons in 1990)
(economy_illicit_drugs#italy#important gateway country for Latin American cocaine and Southwest Asian heroin entering the European market)
(economy_exports#italy#$190.8 billion {f.o.b., 1994})
(economy_exports_commodities#italy#metals, textiles and clothing, production machinery, motor vehicles, transportation equipment, chemicals)
(economy_exports_partners#italy#EU 53.4%, US 7.8%, OPEC 3.8% {1994})
(economy_imports#italy#$168.7 billion {c.i.f., 1994})
(economy_imports_commodities#italy#industrial machinery, chemicals, transport equipment, petroleum, metals, food, agricultural products)
(economy_imports_partners#italy#EU 56.3%, OPEC 5.3%, US 4.6% {1994})
(economy_external_debt#italy#$67 billion {1993 est.})
(economy_economic_aid_donor#italy#ODA, $3.043 billion {1993})
(economy_currency#italy#1 Italian lira {Lit} = 100 centesimi)
(economy_exchange_rates#italy#Italian lire {Lit} per US$1 - 1,583.8 {January 1996}, 1,629.6 {1995}, 1,612.4 {1994}, 1,573.7 {1993}, 1,232.4 {1992}, 1,240.6 {1991})
(economy_fiscal_year#italy#calendar year)
(transportation_railways_total#italy#18,961 km)
(transportation_railways_standard_gauge#italy#17,981 km 1.435-m gauge; Italian Railways {FS} operates 16,118 km of the total standard gauge routes {10,560 km electrified})
(transportation_railways_narrow_gauge#italy#113 km 1.000-m gauge {113 km electrified}; 867 km 0.950-m gauge {144 km electrified})
(transportation_highways_total#italy#305,388 km {including 45,076 km major roads, 112,111 km secondary roads, 6,301 km motorways})
(transportation_highways_paved#italy#271,674 km)
(transportation_highways_unpaved#italy#33,714 km {1991 est.})
(transportation_waterways#italy#2,400 km for various types of commercial traffic, although of limited overall value)
(transportation_pipelines#italy#crude oil 1,703 km; petroleum products 2,148 km; natural gas 19,400 km)
(transportation_ports#italy#Ancona, Augusta, Bari, Cagliari {Sardinia}, Catania, Gaeta, Genoa, La Spezia, Livorno, Naples, Oristano {Sardinia}, Palermo {Sicily}, Piombino, Porto Torres {Sardinia}, Ravenna, Savona, Trieste, Venice)
(transportation_merchant_marine_total#italy#419 ships {1,000 GRT or over} totaling 5,480,320 GRT/7,919,064 DWT)
(transportation_merchant_marine_ships_by_type#italy#bulk 35, cargo 57, chemical tanker 39, combination bulk 1, combination ore/oil 3, container 16, liquefied gas tanker 37, multifunction large-load carrier 1, oil tanker 123, passenger 5, roll-on/roll-off cargo 53, short-sea passenger 31, specialized tanker 11, vehicle carrier 7 {1995 est.})
(transportation_airports_total#italy#132)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_over_3,047_m#italy#5)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_2,438_to_3,047_m#italy#34)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_1,524_to_2,437_m#italy#15)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_914_to_1,523_m#italy#24)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_under_914_m#italy#32)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_1,524_to_2,437_m#italy#2)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_914_to_1,523_m#italy#20 {1995 est.})
(transportation_heliports#italy#2 {1995 est.})
(communications_telephones#italy#25.6 million {1987 est.})
(communications_telephone_system#italy#modern, well-developed, fast; fully automated telephone, telex, and data services)
(communications_telephone_system_domestic#italy#high-capacity cable and microwave radio relay trunks)
(communications_telephone_system_international#italy#satellite earth stations - 3 Intelsat {with a total of 5 antennas - 3 for Atlantic Ocean and 2 for Indian Ocean}, 1 Inmarsat {Atlantic Ocean Region}, and NA Eutelsat; 21 submarine cables)
(communications_radio_broadcast_stations#italy#AM 135, FM 28 {repeaters 1,840}, shortwave 0)
(communications_radios#italy#45.7 million {1992 est.})
(communications_television_broadcast_stations#italy#83 {repeaters 1,000})
(communications_televisions#italy#24.35 million {1992 est.})
(defense_branches#italy#Army, Navy, Air Force, Carabinieri)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_age_15-49#italy#14,739,097)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_fit_for_military_service#italy#12,769,628)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_reach_military_age_{18}_annually#italy#358,884 {1996 est.})
(defense_defense_expenditures#italy#exchange rate conversion - $20.4 billion, 1.9% of GDP {1995})
(geography_location#jamaica#Caribbean, island in the Caribbean Sea, south of Cuba)
(geography_geographic_coordinates#jamaica#18 15 N, 77 30 W)
(geography_map_references#jamaica#Central America and the Caribbean)
(geography_area_total_area#jamaica#10,990 sq km)
(geography_area_land_area#jamaica#10,830 sq km)
(geography_area_comparative_area#jamaica#slightly smaller than Connecticut)
(geography_land_boundaries#jamaica#0 km)
(geography_coastline#jamaica#1,022 km)
(geography_maritime_claims_continental_shelf#jamaica#200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation)
(geography_maritime_claims_exclusive_economic_zone#jamaica#200 nm)
(geography_maritime_claims_territorial_sea#jamaica#12 nm)
(geography_international_disputes#jamaica#none)
(geography_climate#jamaica#tropical; hot, humid; temperate interior)
(geography_terrain#jamaica#mostly mountains with narrow, discontinuous coastal plain)
(geography_terrain_lowest_point#jamaica#Caribbean Sea 0 m)
(geography_terrain_highest_point#jamaica#Blue Mountain Peak 2,256 m)
(geography_natural_resources#jamaica#bauxite, gypsum, limestone)
(geography_land_use_arable_land#jamaica#19%)
(geography_land_use_permanent_crops#jamaica#6%)
(geography_land_use_meadows_and_pastures#jamaica#18%)
(geography_land_use_forest_and_woodland#jamaica#28%)
(geography_land_use_other#jamaica#29%)
(geography_irrigated_land#jamaica#350 sq km {1989 est.})
(geography_environment_current_issues#jamaica#deforestation; coastal waters polluted by industrial waste, sewage, and oil spills; damage to coral reefs; air pollution in Kingston results from vehicle emissions)
(geography_environment_natural_hazards#jamaica#hurricanes {especially July to November})
(geography_environment_international_agreements#jamaica#party to - Biodiversity, Climate Change, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Whaling)
(geography_geographic_note#jamaica#strategic location between Cayman Trench and Jamaica Channel, the main sea lanes for Panama Canal)
(people_population#jamaica#2,595,275 {July 1996 est.})
(people_age_structure_0-14_years#jamaica#32% {male 430,609; female 411,966})
(people_age_structure_15-64_years#jamaica#61% {male 781,626; female 795,808})
(people_age_structure_65_years_and_over#jamaica#7% {male 77,725; female 97,541} {July 1996 est.})
(people_population_growth_rate#jamaica#0.8% {1996 est.})
(people_birth_rate#jamaica#22.19 births/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_death_rate#jamaica#5.57 deaths/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_net_migration_rate#jamaica#-8.58 migrant{s}/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_sex_ratio_at_birth#jamaica#1.05 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_under_15_years#jamaica#1.04 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_15-64_years#jamaica#0.98 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_65_years_and_over#jamaica#0.8 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_all_ages#jamaica#0.99 male{s}/female {1996 est.})
(people_infant_mortality_rate#jamaica#15.6 deaths/1,000 live births {1996 est.})
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_total_population#jamaica#74.88 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_male#jamaica#72.6 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_female#jamaica#77.29 years {1996 est.})
(people_total_fertility_rate#jamaica#2.45 children born/woman {1996 est.})
(people_nationality_noun#jamaica#Jamaican{s})
(people_nationality_adjective#jamaica#Jamaican)
(people_ethnic_divisions#jamaica#African 76.3%, Afro-European 15.1%, East Indian and Afro-East Indian 3%, white 3.2%, Chinese and Afro-Chinese 1.2%, other 1.2%)
(people_religions#jamaica#Protestant 55.9% {Church of God 18.4%, Baptist 10%, Anglican 7.1%, Seventh-Day Adventist 6.9%, Pentecostal 5.2%, Methodist 3.1%, United Church 2.7%, other 2.5%}, Roman Catholic 5%, other, including some spiritual cults 39.1% {1982})
(people_languages#jamaica#English, Creole)
(people_literacy#jamaica#age 15 and over has ever attended school {1995 est.})
(people_literacy_total_population#jamaica#85%)
(people_literacy_male#jamaica#80.8%)
(people_literacy_female#jamaica#89.1%)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_long_form#jamaica#none)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_short_form#jamaica#Jamaica)
(government_data_code#jamaica#JM)
(government_type_of_government#jamaica#parliamentary democracy)
(government_capital#jamaica#Kingston)
(government_administrative_divisions#jamaica#14 parishes; Clarendon, Hanover, Kingston, Manchester, Portland, Saint Andrew, Saint Ann, Saint Catherine, Saint Elizabeth, Saint James, Saint Mary, Saint Thomas, Trelawny, Westmoreland)
(government_independence#jamaica#6 August 1962 {from UK})
(government_national_holiday#jamaica#Independence Day {first Monday in August} {1962})
(government_constitution#jamaica#6 August 1962)
(government_legal_system#jamaica#based on English common law; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction)
(government_suffrage#jamaica#18 years of age; universal)
(government_executive_branch_chief_of_state#jamaica#Queen ELIZABETH II {since 6 February 1952}, a hereditary monarch, is represented by Governor General Sir Howard COOKE {since 1 August 1991} who was appointed by the queen on recommendation of the prime minister)
(government_executive_branch_head_of_government#jamaica#Prime Minister Percival James PATTERSON {since 30 March 1992} and the Deputy Prime Minister Seymour MULLINGS {since NA 1993} were appointed by the governor general)
(government_executive_branch_cabinet#jamaica#Cabinet was appointed by the governor general on the advice of the prime minister)
(government_legislative_branch#jamaica#bicameral Parliament)
(government_senate#jamaica#consists of a 21-member body appointed by the governor general)
(government_house_of_representatives#jamaica#elections last held 30 March 1993 {next to be held by March 1998}; results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - {60 total} PNP 52, JLP 8)
(government_judicial_branch#jamaica#Supreme Court, judges appointed by the governor general on advice of the prime minister)
(government_political_parties_and_leaders#jamaica#People's National Party {PNP}, P. J. PATTERSON; Jamaica Labor Party {JLP}, Edward SEAGA; National Democratic Movement {NDM}, Bruce GOLDING)
(government_other_political_or_pressure_groups#jamaica#Rastafarians {black religious/racial cultists, pan-Africanists}; New Beginnings Movement {NBM})
(government_international_organization_participation#jamaica#ACP, C, Caricom, CCC, CDB, ECLAC, FAO, G-15, G-19, G-77, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, ISO, ITU, LAES, NAM, OAS, OPANAL, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNITAR, UNMIH, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_chief_of_mission#jamaica#Ambassador Richard Leighton BERNAL)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_chancery#jamaica#1520 New Hampshire Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20036)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_telephone#jamaica#[1] {202} 452-0660)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_fax#jamaica#[1] {202} 452-0081)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_consulate{s}_general#jamaica#Miami and New York)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_chief_of_mission#jamaica#Ambassador J. Gary COOPER)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_embassy#jamaica#Jamaica Mutual Life Center, 2 Oxford Road, 3rd floor, Kingston)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_mailing_address#jamaica#use embassy street address)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_telephone#jamaica#[1] {809} 929-4850 through 4859)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_fax#jamaica#[1] {809} 926-6743)
(government_flag#jamaica#diagonal yellow cross divides the flag into four triangles - green {top and bottom} and black {hoist side and outer side})
(economy_economic_overview#jamaica#Key sectors in this island economy are bauxite {alumina and bauxite account for more than half of exports} and tourism. Since assuming office in 1992, Prime Minister PATTERSON has consolidated the market-oriented reforms initiated by his predecessor, Michael MANLEY, to make Jamaica a regional leader in economic reform. PATTERSON has eliminated most price controls, streamlined tax schedules, and privatized government enterprises. Tight monetary and fiscal policies under an IMF program have helped slow inflation and stabilize the exchange rate, but, as a result, economic growth has slowed down and unemployment remains high. Jamaica's medium-term prospects depend largely on its ability to continue to attract foreign capital and limit speculation against the Jamaican dollar.)
(economy_gdp#jamaica#purchasing power parity - $8.2 billion {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_real_growth_rate#jamaica#0.8% {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_per_capita#jamaica#$3,200 {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_agriculture#jamaica#7.9%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_industry#jamaica#28.1%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_services#jamaica#64% {1993 est.})
(economy_inflation_rate_{consumer_prices}#jamaica#25.5% {1995})
(economy_labor_force#jamaica#1,062,100)
(economy_labor_force_by_occupation#jamaica#services 41%, agriculture 22.5%, industry 19%, unemployed 17.5% {1989})
(economy_unemployment_rate#jamaica#15.4% {1994 est.})
(economy_budget_revenues#jamaica#$1.45 billion)
(economy_budget_expenditures#jamaica#$2 billion, including capital expenditures of $732 million {FY95/96 est.})
(economy_industries#jamaica#bauxite, tourism, textiles, food processing, light manufactures)
(economy_industrial_production_growth_rate#jamaica#NA%)
(economy_electricity_capacity#jamaica#730,000 kW)
(economy_electricity_production#jamaica#2.6 billion kWh)
(economy_electricity_consumption_per_capita#jamaica#988 kWh {1993})
(economy_agriculture#jamaica#sugarcane, bananas, coffee, citrus, potatoes, vegetables; poultry, goats, milk)
(economy_illicit_drugs#jamaica#transshipment point for cocaine from Central and South America to North America and Europe; illicit cultivation of cannabis; government has an active cannabis eradication program)
(economy_exports#jamaica#$2 billion {f.o.b., 1995 est.})
(economy_exports_commodities#jamaica#alumina, bauxite, sugar, bananas, rum)
(economy_exports_partners#jamaica#US 47%, UK 11%, Canada 9%, Norway 7%, France 4% {1993})
(economy_imports#jamaica#$2.7 billion {f.o.b., 1995 est.})
(economy_imports_commodities#jamaica#machinery and transport equipment, construction materials, fuel, food, chemicals)
(economy_imports_partners#jamaica#US 54%, Japan 4.0%, Mexico 6%, UK 4%, Venezuela 3% {1993})
(economy_external_debt#jamaica#$3.6 billion {1994 est.})
(economy_economic_aid_recipient#jamaica#ODA, $239 million {1993})
(economy_currency#jamaica#1 Jamaican dollar {J$} = 100 cents)
(economy_exchange_rates#jamaica#Jamaican dollars {J$} per US$1 - 39.86 {December 1995}, 33.086 {1994}, 24.949 {1993}, 22.960 {1992}, 12.116 {1991})
(economy_fiscal_year#jamaica#1 April - 31 March)
(transportation_railways_total#jamaica#272 km)
(transportation_railways_standard_gauge#jamaica#272 km 1.435-m gauge; note - 207 km belonging to the Jamaica Railway Corporation which were in common carrier service are no longer operational; the remaining track is privately owned and used to transport bauxite)
(transportation_highways_total#jamaica#18,094 km)
(transportation_highways_paved#jamaica#12,528 km)
(transportation_highways_unpaved#jamaica#5,566 km {1988 est.})
(transportation_pipelines#jamaica#petroleum products 10 km)
(transportation_ports#jamaica#Alligator Pond, Discovery Bay, Kingston, Montego Bay, Ocho Rios, Port Antonio, Longs Wharf, Rocky Point)
(transportation_merchant_marine_total#jamaica#2 ships {1,000 GRT or over} totaling 3,435 GRT/6,105 DWT)
(transportation_merchant_marine_ships_by_type#jamaica#oil tanker 1, roll-on/roll-off cargo 1 {1995 est.})
(transportation_airports_total#jamaica#27)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_2,438_to_3,047_m#jamaica#2)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_914_to_1,523_m#jamaica#3)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_under_914_m#jamaica#21)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_914_to_1,523_m#jamaica#1 {1995 est.})
(communications_telephones#jamaica#212,257 {1991 est.})
(communications_telephone_system#jamaica#fully automatic domestic telephone network)
(communications_telephone_system_domestic#jamaica#NA)
(communications_telephone_system_international#jamaica#satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat {Atlantic Ocean}; 3 coaxial submarine cables)
(communications_radio_broadcast_stations#jamaica#AM 10, FM 17, shortwave 0)
(communications_radios#jamaica#1.04 million {1992 est.})
(communications_television_broadcast_stations#jamaica#8)
(communications_televisions#jamaica#330,000 {1992 est.})
(defense_branches#jamaica#Jamaica Defense Force {includes Ground Forces, Coast Guard and Air Wing}, Jamaica Constabulary Force)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_age_15-49#jamaica#680,965)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_fit_for_military_service#jamaica#481,616)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_reach_military_age_{18}_annually#jamaica#25,810 {1996 est.})
(defense_defense_expenditures#jamaica#exchange rate conversion - $30 million, NA% of GDP {FY95/96})
(header_affiliation#jan_mayen#{territory of Norway})
(geography_location#jan_mayen#Northern Europe, island between the Greenland Sea and the Norwegian Sea, northeast of Iceland)
(geography_geographic_coordinates#jan_mayen#71 00 N, 8 00 W)
(geography_map_references#jan_mayen#Arctic Region)
(geography_area_total_area#jan_mayen#373 sq km)
(geography_area_land_area#jan_mayen#373 sq km)
(geography_area_comparative_area#jan_mayen#slightly more than twice the size of Washington, DC)
(geography_land_boundaries#jan_mayen#0 km)
(geography_coastline#jan_mayen#124.1 km)
(geography_maritime_claims_contiguous_zone#jan_mayen#10 nm)
(geography_maritime_claims_continental_shelf#jan_mayen#200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation)
(geography_maritime_claims_exclusive_economic_zone#jan_mayen#200 nm)
(geography_maritime_claims_territorial_sea#jan_mayen#4 nm)
(geography_international_disputes#jan_mayen#none)
(geography_climate#jan_mayen#arctic maritime with frequent storms and persistent fog)
(geography_terrain#jan_mayen#volcanic island, partly covered by glaciers)
(geography_terrain_lowest_point#jan_mayen#Norwegian Sea 0 m)
(geography_terrain_highest_point#jan_mayen#Haakon VII Toppen {Beerenberg} 2,277 m)
(geography_natural_resources#jan_mayen#none)
(geography_land_use_arable_land#jan_mayen#0%)
(geography_land_use_permanent_crops#jan_mayen#0%)
(geography_land_use_meadows_and_pastures#jan_mayen#0%)
(geography_land_use_forest_and_woodland#jan_mayen#0%)
(geography_land_use_other#jan_mayen#100%)
(geography_irrigated_land#jan_mayen#0 sq km)
(geography_environment_current_issues#jan_mayen#NA)
(geography_environment_natural_hazards#jan_mayen#dominated by the volcano Beerenberg; volcanic activity resumed in 1970)
(geography_environment_international_agreements#jan_mayen#NA)
(geography_geographic_note#jan_mayen#barren volcanic island with some moss and grass)
(people_population#jan_mayen#no permanent inhabitants; note - there are personnel who man the Long Range Navigation {LORAN} C base and the weather and coastal services radio station)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_long_form#jan_mayen#none)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_short_form#jan_mayen#Jan Mayen)
(government_data_code#jan_mayen#JN)
(government_type_of_government#jan_mayen#territory of Norway)
(government_capital#jan_mayen#none)
(government_independence#jan_mayen#none {territory of Norway})
(government_executive_branch#jan_mayen#administered from Oslo, Norway, through a governor {sysselmann} resident in Longyearbyen {Svalbard}; however, authority has been delegated to a station commander of the Norwegian Defense Communication Service)
(government_flag#jan_mayen#the flag of Norway is used)
(economy_economic_overview#jan_mayen#Jan Mayen is a volcanic island with no exploitable natural resources. Economic activity is limited to providing services for employees of Norway's radio and meteorological stations located on the island.)
(economy_electricity_capacity#jan_mayen#15,000 kW)
(economy_electricity_production#jan_mayen#40 million kWh)
(economy_electricity_consumption_per_capita#jan_mayen#NA kWh {1992})
(transportation_highways_total#jan_mayen#NA km)
(transportation_highways_paved#jan_mayen#NA km)
(transportation_highways_unpaved#jan_mayen#NA km)
(transportation_ports#jan_mayen#none; offshore anchorage only)
(transportation_airports_total#jan_mayen#1)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_914_to_1,523_m#jan_mayen#1 {1995 est.})
(communications_telephone_system_domestic#jan_mayen#NA)
(communications_telephone_system_international#jan_mayen#NA)
(communications_radio_broadcast_stations#jan_mayen#AM NA, FM NA, shortwave NA)
(communications_radio_broadcast_stations_note#jan_mayen#radio and meteorological station)
(communications_radios#jan_mayen#NA)
(communications_television_broadcast_stations#jan_mayen#NA)
(communications_televisions#jan_mayen#NA)
(defense_defense_note#jan_mayen#defense is the responsibility of Norway)
(geography_location#japan#Eastern Asia, island chain between the North Pacific Ocean and the Sea of Japan, east of the Korean Peninsula)
(geography_geographic_coordinates#japan#36 00 N, 138 00 E)
(geography_map_references#japan#Asia)
(geography_area_total_area#japan#377,835 sq km)
(geography_area_land_area#japan#374,744 sq km)
(geography_area_comparative_area#japan#slightly smaller than California)
(geography_area_note#japan#includes Bonin Islands {Ogasawara-gunto}, Daito-shoto, Minami-jima, Okinotori-shima, Ryukyu Islands {Nansei-shoto}, and Volcano Islands {Kazan-retto})
(geography_land_boundaries#japan#0 km)
(geography_coastline#japan#29,751 km)
(geography_maritime_claims_exclusive_fishing_zone#japan#200 nm)
(geography_maritime_claims_territorial_sea#japan#12 nm; 3 nm in the international straits - La Perouse or Soya, Tsugaru, Osumi, and Eastern and Western Channels of the Korea or Tsushima Strait)
(geography_international_disputes#japan#islands of Etorofu, Kunashiri, Shikotan, and the Habomai group occupied by the Soviet Union in 1945, now administered by Russia, claimed by Japan; Liancourt Rocks disputed with South Korea; Senkaku-shoto {Senkaku Islands} claimed by China and Taiwan)
(geography_climate#japan#varies from tropical in south to cool temperate in north)
(geography_terrain#japan#mostly rugged and mountainous)
(geography_terrain_lowest_point#japan#Hachiro-gata -4 m)
(geography_terrain_highest_point#japan#Fujiyama 3,776 m)
(geography_natural_resources#japan#negligible mineral resources, fish)
(geography_land_use_arable_land#japan#13%)
(geography_land_use_permanent_crops#japan#1%)
(geography_land_use_meadows_and_pastures#japan#1%)
(geography_land_use_forest_and_woodland#japan#67%)
(geography_land_use_other#japan#18%)
(geography_irrigated_land#japan#28,680 sq km {1989})
(geography_environment_current_issues#japan#air pollution from power plant emissions results in acid rain; acidification of lakes and reservoirs degrading water quality and threatening aquatic life; Japan's appetite for fish and tropical timber is contributing to the depletion of these resources in Asia and elsewhere)
(geography_environment_natural_hazards#japan#many dormant and some active volcanoes; about 1,500 seismic occurrences {mostly tremors} every year; tsunamis)
(geography_environment_international_agreements#japan#party to - Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Marine Dumping, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands; signed, but not ratified - Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Desertification, Law of the Sea, Tropical Timber 94)
(geography_geographic_note#japan#strategic location in northeast Asia)
(people_population#japan#125,449,703 {July 1996 est.})
(people_age_structure_0-14_years#japan#16% {male 10,121,414; female 9,644,243})
(people_age_structure_15-64_years#japan#69% {male 43,624,464; female 43,359,249})
(people_age_structure_65_years_and_over#japan#15% {male 7,737,781; female 10,962,552} {July 1996 est.})
(people_population_growth_rate#japan#0.21% {1996 est.})
(people_birth_rate#japan#10.19 births/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_death_rate#japan#7.71 deaths/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_net_migration_rate#japan#-0.4 migrant{s}/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_sex_ratio_at_birth#japan#1.05 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_under_15_years#japan#1.05 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_15-64_years#japan#1.01 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_65_years_and_over#japan#0.71 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_all_ages#japan#0.96 male{s}/female {1996 est.})
(people_infant_mortality_rate#japan#4.4 deaths/1,000 live births {1996 est.})
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_total_population#japan#79.55 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_male#japan#76.57 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_female#japan#82.68 years {1996 est.})
(people_total_fertility_rate#japan#1.46 children born/woman {1996 est.})
(people_nationality_noun#japan#Japanese {singular and plural})
(people_nationality_adjective#japan#Japanese)
(people_ethnic_divisions#japan#Japanese 99.4%, other 0.6% {mostly Korean})
(people_religions#japan#observe both Shinto and Buddhist 84%, other 16% {including Christian 0.7%})
(people_languages#japan#Japanese)
(people_literacy#japan#age 15 and over can read and write {1970 est.})
(people_literacy_total_population#japan#99%)
(people_literacy_male#japan#NA%)
(people_literacy_female#japan#NA%)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_long_form#japan#none)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_short_form#japan#Japan)
(government_data_code#japan#JA)
(government_type_of_government#japan#constitutional monarchy)
(government_capital#japan#Tokyo)
(government_administrative_divisions#japan#47 prefectures; Aichi, Akita, Aomori, Chiba, Ehime, Fukui, Fukuoka, Fukushima, Gifu, Gumma, Hiroshima, Hokkaido, Hyogo, Ibaraki, Ishikawa, Iwate, Kagawa, Kagoshima, Kanagawa, Kochi, Kumamoto, Kyoto, Mie, Miyagi, Miyazaki, Nagano, Nagasaki, Nara, Niigata, Oita, Okayama, Okinawa, Osaka, Saga, Saitama, Shiga, Shimane, Shizuoka, Tochigi, Tokushima, Tokyo, Tottori, Toyama, Wakayama, Yamagata, Yamaguchi, Yamanashi)
(government_independence#japan#660 BC {traditional founding by Emperor Jimmu})
(government_national_holiday#japan#Birthday of the Emperor, 23 December {1933})
(government_constitution#japan#3 May 1947)
(government_legal_system#japan#modeled after European civil law system with English-American influence; judicial review of legislative acts in the Supreme Court; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations)
(government_suffrage#japan#20 years of age; universal)
(government_executive_branch_chief_of_state#japan#Emperor AKIHITO {since 7 January 1989} is a constitutional monarch)
(government_executive_branch_head_of_government#japan#Prime Minister Ryutaro HASHIMOTO {since 11 January 1996} and Deputy Prime Minister Wataru KUBO {since 11 January 1996} were designated by the Diet and appointed by the emperor)
(government_executive_branch_cabinet#japan#Cabinet was appointed by the prime minister)
(government_legislative_branch#japan#bicameral Diet {Kokkai})
(government_house_of_councillors_{sangi-in}#japan#half of the members elected every three years to six-year terms; elections last held 23 July 1995 {next to be held NA 1998}; results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - {252 total, with 126 up for election} LDP 110 {49 newly won}, Shinshinto 56 {40 newly won}, SDP 38 {16 newly won}, JCP 14 {8 newly won}, Sakigate 3 {3 newly won}, others 19 {4 newly won}, independents 12 {6 newly won}; note - the distribution of seats as of 1 March 1996 is as follows - LDP 111, Heisei-kai 69, SDP 35, JCP 14, Sakigake 3, others and independents 19, vacancies 1)
(government_house_of_representatives_{shugi-in}#japan#all members elected every four years to four-year terms; elections last held 18 July 1993 {next to be held by July 1997}; results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - {511 total} LDP 223, SDP 70, Shinseito 55, Komeito 51, JNP 35, JCP 15, DSP 15, Sakigake 13, others 4, independents 30; note - the distribution of seats as of 1 March 1996 is as follows - LDP 207, Shinshinto 170, SDP 63, Sakigake 22, JCP 15, others and independents 19, vacant 15)
(government_judicial_branch#japan#Supreme Court, chief justice is appointed by the emperor after designation by the cabinet, all other justices are appointed by the cabinet)
(government_political_parties_and_leaders#japan#Liberal Democratic Party {LDP}, Ryutaro HASHIMOTO, president and Koichi KATO, secretary general; Social Democratic Party {SDP}, Tomiichi MURAYAMA, president and Kanju SATO, secretary general; Sakigake {Harbinger}, Masayoshi TAKEMURA, chairman and Yukio HATOYAMA, secretary general; Shinshinto {New Frontier Party, NFP}, Ichiro OZAWA, chairman and Takashi YONEZAWA, secretary general; Japan Communist Party {JCP}, Tetsuzo FUWA, presidium chairman)
(government_political_parties_and_leaders_note#japan#Shinshinto was formed in December 1994 by the merger of Shinseito {Japan Renewal Party, JRP}, Komeito {Clean Government Party, CGP}, Japan New Party {JNP}, Democratic Socialist Party {DSP}, and several minor groups; Heisei-kai is a joint bloc of Shinshinto and Komei members; Komei is a group formed from what remains of Komeito in the upper house)
(government_international_organization_participation#japan#AfDB, AG {observer}, APEC, AsDB, Australia Group, BIS, CCC, CP, EBRD, ESCAP, FAO, G- 2, G- 5, G- 7, G- 8, G-10, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, MTCR, NEA, NSG, OAS {observer}, OECD, OSCE {partner}, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNITAR, UNRWA, UNU, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO, ZC)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_chief_of_mission#japan#Ambassador Kunihiko SAITO)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_chancery#japan#2520 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_telephone#japan#[1] {202} 939-6700)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_fax#japan#[1] {202} 328-2187)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_consulate{s}_general#japan#Agana {Guam}, Anchorage, Atlanta, Boston, Chicago, Detroit, Honolulu, Houston, Kansas City {Missouri}, Los Angeles, Miami, New Orleans, New York, Portland {Oregon}, San Francisco, and Seattle)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_consulate{s}#japan#Saipan {Northern Mariana Islands})
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_chief_of_mission#japan#Ambassador Walter F. MONDALE)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_embassy#japan#10-5, Akasaka 1-chome, Minato-ku {107}, Tokyo)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_mailing_address#japan#Unit 45004, Box 258, APO AP 96337-0001)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_telephone#japan#[81] {3} 3224-5000)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_fax#japan#[81] {3} 3505-1862)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_consulate{s}_general#japan#Naha {Okinawa}, Osaka-Kobe, Sapporo)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_consulate{s}#japan#Fukuoka, Nagoya)
(government_flag#japan#white with a large red disk {representing the sun without rays} in the center)
(economy_economic_overview#japan#Government-industry cooperation, a strong work ethic, mastery of high technology, and a comparatively small defense allocation {roughly 1% of GDP} have helped Japan advance with extraordinary rapidity to the rank of second most powerful economy in the world. One notable characteristic of the economy is the working together of manufacturers, suppliers, and distributors in closely knit groups called keiretsu. A second basic feature has been the guarantee of lifetime employment for a substantial portion of the urban labor force; this guarantee is slowly eroding. Industry, the most important sector of the economy, is heavily dependent on imported raw materials and fuels. The much smaller agricultural sector is highly subsidized and protected, with crop yields among the highest in the world. Usually self-sufficient in rice, Japan must import about 50% of its requirements of other grain and fodder crops. Japan maintains one of the world's largest fishing fleets and accounts for nearly 15% of the global catch. For three decades overall economic growth had been spectacular: a 10% average in the 1960s, a 5% average in the 1970s and 1980s. Growth came to a halt in 1992-95 largely because of the aftereffects of overinvestment during the late 1980s and contractionary domestic policies intended to wring speculative excesses from the stock and real estate markets. At yearend 1995, the financial structure is shaky with banks holding hundreds of billions of dollars of suspect assets. At the same time, the continued basic strength of the economy has been reflected in substantial trade surpluses, sizable foreign investments, and remarkably low rates of unemployment, inflation, and social disorder. The crowding of the habitable land area and the aging of the population are two major long-run problems.)
(economy_gdp#japan#purchasing power parity - $2.6792 trillion {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_real_growth_rate#japan#0.3% {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_per_capita#japan#$21,300 {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_agriculture#japan#2.1%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_industry#japan#40.2%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_services#japan#57.7% {1994})
(economy_inflation_rate_{consumer_prices}#japan#-0.1% {1995})
(economy_labor_force#japan#65.87 million {December 1994})
(economy_labor_force_by_occupation#japan#trade and services 54%, manufacturing, mining, and construction 33%, agriculture, forestry, and fishing 7%, government 3%, other 3% {1988})
(economy_unemployment_rate#japan#3.1% {1995})
(economy_budget_revenues#japan#$595 billion)
(economy_budget_expenditures#japan#$829 billion, including capital expenditures {public works only} of about $122 billion {1995 est.})
(economy_industries#japan#among world's largest and technologically advanced producers of steel and non-ferrous metallurgy, heavy electrical equipment, construction and mining equipment, motor vehicles and parts, electronic and telecommunication equipment, machine tools, automated production systems, locomotives and railroad rolling stock, ships, chemicals; textiles, processed foods)
(economy_industrial_production_growth_rate#japan#3.3% {1995})
(economy_electricity_capacity#japan#205,140,000 kW {1993})
(economy_electricity_production#japan#915 billion kWh {1995})
(economy_electricity_consumption_per_capita#japan#7,293 kWh {1995})
(economy_agriculture#japan#rice, sugar beets, vegetables, fruit; pork, poultry, dairy products, eggs; world's largest fish catch of 10 million metric tons in 1991)
(economy_exports#japan#$442.84 billion {f.o.b., 1995})
(economy_exports_commodities#japan#manufactures 97% {including machinery 46%, motor vehicles 20%, consumer electronics 10%})
(economy_exports_partners#japan#Southeast Asia 38%, US 27%, Western Europe 17%, China 5%)
(economy_imports#japan#$336.09 billion {c.i.f., 1995})
(economy_imports_commodities#japan#manufactures 52%, fossil fuels 20%, foodstuffs and raw materials 28%)
(economy_imports_partners#japan#Southeast Asia 25%, US 22%, Western Europe 16%, China 11%)
(economy_external_debt#japan#$NA)
(economy_economic_aid_donor#japan#ODA, $11.259 billion {1993})
(economy_economic_aid_note#japan#ODA and OOF commitments {1970-95}, $143 billion)
(economy_currency#japan#yen {Ñ})
(economy_exchange_rates#japan#yen {Ñ} per US$1 - 105.84 {January 1996}, 94.06 {1995}, 102.21 {1994}, 111.20 {1993}, 126.65 {1992}, 134.71 {1991})
(economy_fiscal_year#japan#1 April - 31 March)
(transportation_railways_total#japan#26,506 km)
(transportation_railways_standard_gauge#japan#3,233 km 1.435-m gauge {entirely electrified})
(transportation_railways_narrow_gauge#japan#72 km 1.372-m gauge {72 km electrified}; 23,154 km 1.067-m gauge {13,835 km electrified}; 47 km 0.762-m gauge {47 km electrified} {1994})
(transportation_highways_total#japan#1,112,844 km)
(transportation_highways_paved#japan#790,119 km {including 5,054 km of expressways})
(transportation_highways_unpaved#japan#322,725 km {1992 est.})
(transportation_waterways#japan#about 1,770 km; seagoing craft ply all coastal inland seas)
(transportation_pipelines#japan#crude oil 84 km; petroleum products 322 km; natural gas 1,800 km)
(transportation_ports#japan#Akita, Amagasaki, Chiba, Hachinohe, Hakodate, Higashi-Harima, Himeji, Hiroshima, Kawasaki, Kinuura, Kobe, Kushiro, Mizushima, Moji, Nagoya, Osaka, Sakai, Sakaide, Shimizu, Tokyo, Tomakomai)
(transportation_merchant_marine_total#japan#796 ships {1,000 GRT or over} totaling 15,944,137 GRT/23,662,930 DWT)
(transportation_merchant_marine_ships_by_type#japan#bulk 192, cargo 57, chemical tanker 6, combination bulk 2, combination ore/oil 6, container 38, liquefied gas tanker 39, oil tanker 259, passenger 9, passenger-cargo 3, refrigerated cargo 35, roll-on/roll-off cargo 43, short-sea passenger 28, specialized tanker 2, vehicle carrier 77)
(transportation_merchant_marine_note#japan#Japan owns an additional 1,587 ships {1,000 GRT or over} totaling 50,072,815 DWT operating under the registries of Panama, Liberia, Vanuatu, The Bahamas, Singapore, Cyprus, Philippines, Hong Kong, and Malta {1995 est.})
(transportation_airports_total#japan#164)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_over_3,047_m#japan#6)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_2,438_to_3,047_m#japan#32)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_1,524_to_2,437_m#japan#34)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_914_to_1,523_m#japan#30)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_under_914_m#japan#60)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_914_to_1,523_m#japan#2 {1995 est.})
(transportation_heliports#japan#11 {1995 est.})
(communications_telephones#japan#64 million {1987 est.})
(communications_telephone_system#japan#excellent domestic and international service)
(communications_telephone_system_domestic#japan#NA)
(communications_telephone_system_international#japan#satellite earth stations - 5 Intelsat {4 Pacific Ocean and 1 Indian Ocean}, 1 Intersputnik {Indian Ocean Region}, and 1 Inmarsat {Pacific and Indian Ocean Regions}; submarine cables to China, Philippines, Russia, and US {via Guam})
(communications_radio_broadcast_stations#japan#AM 318, FM 58, shortwave 0)
(communications_radios#japan#97 million {1993 est.})
(communications_television_broadcast_stations#japan#12,350 {1 kW or greater 196})
(communications_televisions#japan#100 million {1993 est.})
(defense_branches#japan#Japan Ground Self-Defense Force {Army}, Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force {Navy}, Japan Air Self-Defense Force {Air Force})
(defense_manpower_availability_males_age_15-49#japan#31,833,691)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_fit_for_military_service#japan#27,322,517)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_reach_military_age_{18}_annually#japan#858,912 {1996 est.})
(defense_defense_expenditures#japan#exchange rate conversion - $50.2 billion, 1% of GDP {FY95/96})
(header_affiliation#jarvis_island#{territory of the US})
(geography_location#jarvis_island#Oceania, island in the South Pacific Ocean, about one-half of the way from Hawaii to the Cook Islands)
(geography_geographic_coordinates#jarvis_island#0 22 S, 160 03 W)
(geography_map_references#jarvis_island#Oceania)
(geography_area_total_area#jarvis_island#4.5 sq km)
(geography_area_land_area#jarvis_island#4.5 sq km)
(geography_area_comparative_area#jarvis_island#about eight times the size of The Mall in Washington, DC)
(geography_land_boundaries#jarvis_island#0 km)
(geography_coastline#jarvis_island#8 km)
(geography_maritime_claims_exclusive_economic_zone#jarvis_island#200 nm)
(geography_maritime_claims_territorial_sea#jarvis_island#12 nm)
(geography_international_disputes#jarvis_island#none)
(geography_climate#jarvis_island#tropical; scant rainfall, constant wind, burning sun)
(geography_terrain#jarvis_island#sandy, coral island surrounded by a narrow fringing reef)
(geography_terrain_lowest_point#jarvis_island#Pacific Ocean 0 m)
(geography_terrain_highest_point#jarvis_island#unnamed location 23 m)
(geography_natural_resources#jarvis_island#guano {deposits worked until late 1800s})
(geography_land_use_arable_land#jarvis_island#0%)
(geography_land_use_permanent_crops#jarvis_island#0%)
(geography_land_use_meadows_and_pastures#jarvis_island#0%)
(geography_land_use_forest_and_woodland#jarvis_island#0%)
(geography_land_use_other#jarvis_island#100%)
(geography_irrigated_land#jarvis_island#0 sq km)
(geography_environment_current_issues#jarvis_island#no natural fresh water resources)
(geography_environment_natural_hazards#jarvis_island#the narrow fringing reef surrounding the island can be a maritime hazard)
(geography_environment_international_agreements#jarvis_island#NA)
(geography_geographic_note#jarvis_island#sparse bunch grass, prostrate vines, and low-growing shrubs; primarily a nesting, roosting, and foraging habitat for seabirds, shorebirds, and marine wildlife; feral cats)
(people_population#jarvis_island#uninhabited; note - Millersville settlement on western side of island occasionally used as a weather station from 1935 until World War II, when it was abandoned; reoccupied in 1957 during the International Geophysical Year by scientists who left in 1958; public entry is by special-use permit only and generally restricted to scientists and educators)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_long_form#jarvis_island#none)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_short_form#jarvis_island#Jarvis Island)
(government_data_code#jarvis_island#DQ)
(government_type_of_government#jarvis_island#unincorporated territory of the US administered by the Fish and Wildlife Service of the US Department of the Interior as part of the National Wildlife Refuge System)
(government_capital#jarvis_island#none; administered from Washington, DC)
(government_flag#jarvis_island#the flag of the US is used)
(economy_economic_overview#jarvis_island#no economic activity)
(transportation_ports#jarvis_island#none; offshore anchorage only; note - there is one boat landing area in the middle of the west coast and another near the southwest corner of the island)
(transportation_transportation_note#jarvis_island#there is a day beacon near the middle of the west coast)
(defense_defense_note#jarvis_island#defense is the responsibility of the US; visited annually by the US Coast Guard)
(header_affiliation#jersey#{British crown dependency})
(geography_location#jersey#Western Europe, island in the English Channel, northwest of France)
(geography_geographic_coordinates#jersey#49 15 N, 2 10 W)
(geography_map_references#jersey#Europe)
(geography_area_total_area#jersey#117 sq km)
(geography_area_land_area#jersey#117 sq km)
(geography_area_comparative_area#jersey#about 0.7 times the size of Washington, DC)
(geography_land_boundaries#jersey#0 km)
(geography_coastline#jersey#70 km)
(geography_maritime_claims_exclusive_fishing_zone#jersey#12 nm)
(geography_maritime_claims_territorial_sea#jersey#3 nm)
(geography_international_disputes#jersey#none)
(geography_climate#jersey#temperate; mild winters and cool summers)
(geography_terrain#jersey#gently rolling plain with low, rugged hills along north coast)
(geography_terrain_lowest_point#jersey#Atlantic Ocean 0 m)
(geography_terrain_highest_point#jersey#unnamed location 143 m)
(geography_natural_resources#jersey#agricultural land)
(geography_land_use_arable_land#jersey#57%)
(geography_land_use_permanent_crops#jersey#NA%)
(geography_land_use_meadows_and_pastures#jersey#NA%)
(geography_land_use_forest_and_woodland#jersey#NA%)
(geography_land_use_other#jersey#NA%)
(geography_irrigated_land#jersey#NA sq km)
(geography_environment_current_issues#jersey#NA)
(geography_environment_natural_hazards#jersey#NA)
(geography_environment_international_agreements#jersey#NA)
(geography_geographic_note#jersey#largest and southernmost of Channel Islands; about 30% of population concentrated in Saint Helier)
(people_population#jersey#87,848 {July 1996 est.})
(people_age_structure_0-14_years#jersey#17% {male 7,787; female 7,284})
(people_age_structure_15-64_years#jersey#69% {male 29,928; female 30,395})
(people_age_structure_65_years_and_over#jersey#14% {male 5,107; female 7,347} {July 1996 est.})
(people_population_growth_rate#jersey#0.77% {1996 est.})
(people_birth_rate#jersey#12.93 births/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_death_rate#jersey#9.21 deaths/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_net_migration_rate#jersey#4.01 migrant{s}/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_sex_ratio_at_birth#jersey#1.11 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_under_15_years#jersey#1.07 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_15-64_years#jersey#0.98 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_65_years_and_over#jersey#0.7 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_all_ages#jersey#0.95 male{s}/female {1996 est.})
(people_infant_mortality_rate#jersey#2.7 deaths/1,000 live births {1996 est.})
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_total_population#jersey#78.36 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_male#jersey#75.63 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_female#jersey#81.39 years {1996 est.})
(people_total_fertility_rate#jersey#1.5 children born/woman {1996 est.})
(people_nationality_noun#jersey#Channel Islander{s})
(people_nationality_adjective#jersey#Channel Islander)
(people_ethnic_divisions#jersey#UK and Norman-French descent)
(people_religions#jersey#Anglican, Roman Catholic, Baptist, Congregational New Church, Methodist, Presbyterian)
(people_languages#jersey#English {official}, French {official}, Norman-French dialect spoken in country districts)
(people_literacy#jersey#NA)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_long_form#jersey#Bailiwick of Jersey)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_short_form#jersey#Jersey)
(government_data_code#jersey#JE)
(government_type_of_government#jersey#British crown dependency)
(government_capital#jersey#Saint Helier)
(government_administrative_divisions#jersey#none {British crown dependency})
(government_independence#jersey#none {British crown dependency})
(government_national_holiday#jersey#Liberation Day, 9 May {1945})
(government_constitution#jersey#unwritten; partly statutes, partly common law and practice)
(government_legal_system#jersey#English law and local statute)
(government_suffrage#jersey#NA years of age; universal adult)
(government_chief_of_state#jersey#Queen ELIZABETH II {of the United Kingdom since 6 February 1952} is a hereditary monarch)
(government_head_of_government#jersey#Lieutenant Governor and Commander in Chief Sir Michael WILKES {since NA 1995} and Bailiff Philip Martin BAILHACHE {since NA 1995} were appointed by the queen)
(government_head_of_government_cabinet#jersey#committees were appointed by the Assembly of the States)
(government_legislative_branch#jersey#unicameral)
(government_assembly_of_the_states#jersey#elections last held NA {next to be held NA}; results - no percent of vote by party since all are independents; seats - {56 total, 52 elected} independents 52)
(government_judicial_branch#jersey#Royal Court, judges elected by an electoral college and the bailiff)
(government_political_parties_and_leaders#jersey#none; all independents)
(government_international_organization_participation#jersey#none)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us#jersey#none {British crown dependency})
(government_us_diplomatic_representation#jersey#none {British crown dependency})
(government_flag#jersey#white with the diagonal red cross of Saint Patrick {patron saint of Ireland} extending to the corners of the flag)
(economy_economic_overview#jersey#The economy is based largely on financial services, agriculture, and tourism. Potatoes, cauliflower, tomatoes, and especially flowers are important export crops, shipped mostly to the UK. The Jersey breed of dairy cattle is known worldwide and represents an important export earner. Milk products go to the UK and other EU countries. In 1986 the finance sector overtook tourism as the main contributor to GDP, accounting for 40% of the island's output. In recent years, the government has encouraged light industry to locate in Jersey, with the result that an electronics industry has developed alongside the traditional manufacturing of knitwear. All raw material and energy requirements are imported, as well as a large share of Jersey's food needs.)
(economy_gdp#jersey#purchasing power parity - $NA)
(economy_gdp_real_growth_rate#jersey#NA%)
(economy_gdp_per_capita#jersey#$NA)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_agriculture#jersey#NA%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_industry#jersey#NA%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_services#jersey#NA%)
(economy_inflation_rate_{consumer_prices}#jersey#NA%)
(economy_labor_force#jersey#NA)
(economy_unemployment_rate#jersey#NA%)
(economy_budget_revenues#jersey#$643.7 million)
(economy_budget_expenditures#jersey#$597.2 million, including capital expenditures of $NA {1995 est.})
(economy_industries#jersey#tourism, banking and finance, dairy)
(economy_industrial_production_growth_rate#jersey#NA%)
(economy_electricity_capacity#jersey#50,000 kW standby)
(economy_electricity_production#jersey#power supplied by France)
(economy_electricity_consumption_per_capita#jersey#NA kWh {1992})
(economy_agriculture#jersey#potatoes, cauliflowers, tomatoes; meat, dairy products)
(economy_exports#jersey#$NA)
(economy_exports_commodities#jersey#light industrial and electrical goods, foodstuffs, textiles)
(economy_exports_partners#jersey#UK)
(economy_imports#jersey#$NA)
(economy_imports_commodities#jersey#machinery and transport equipment, manufactured goods, foodstuffs, mineral fuels, chemicals)
(economy_imports_partners#jersey#UK)
(economy_external_debt#jersey#$NA)
(economy_economic_aid#jersey#none)
(economy_currency#jersey#1 Jersey pound {úJ} = 100 pence)
(economy_exchange_rates#jersey#Jersey pounds {úJ} per US$1 - 0.6535 {January 1996}, 0.6335 {1995}, 0.6529 {1994}, 0.6658 {1993}, 0.5664 {1992}, 0.5652 {1991}; the Jersey pound is at par with the British pound)
(economy_fiscal_year#jersey#1 April - 31 March)
(transportation_railways#jersey#0 km)
(transportation_highways_total#jersey#NA km)
(transportation_highways_paved#jersey#NA km)
(transportation_highways_unpaved#jersey#NA km)
(transportation_ports#jersey#Gorey, Saint Aubin, Saint Helier)
(transportation_merchant_marine#jersey#none)
(transportation_airports_total#jersey#1)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_1,524_to_2,437_m#jersey#1 {1995 est.})
(communications_telephones#jersey#61,447 {1983 est.})
(communications_telephone_system_domestic#jersey#NA)
(communications_telephone_system_international#jersey#3 submarine cables)
(communications_radio_broadcast_stations#jersey#AM 1, FM 0, shortwave 0)
(communications_radios#jersey#NA)
(communications_television_broadcast_stations#jersey#1)
(communications_televisions#jersey#NA)
(defense_defense_note#jersey#defense is the responsibility of the UK)
(header_affiliation#johnston_atoll#{territory of the US})
(geography_location#johnston_atoll#Oceania, atoll in the North Pacific Ocean, about one-third of the way from Hawaii to the Marshall Islands)
(geography_geographic_coordinates#johnston_atoll#16 45 N, 169 30 W)
(geography_map_references#johnston_atoll#Oceania)
(geography_area_total_area#johnston_atoll#2.8 sq km)
(geography_area_land_area#johnston_atoll#2.8 sq km)
(geography_area_comparative_area#johnston_atoll#about 4.7 times the size of The Mall in Washington, DC)
(geography_land_boundaries#johnston_atoll#0 km)
(geography_coastline#johnston_atoll#10 km)
(geography_maritime_claims_exclusive_economic_zone#johnston_atoll#200 nm)
(geography_maritime_claims_territorial_sea#johnston_atoll#12 nm)
(geography_international_disputes#johnston_atoll#none)
(geography_climate#johnston_atoll#tropical, but generally dry; consistent northeast trade winds with little seasonal temperature variation)
(geography_terrain#johnston_atoll#mostly flat)
(geography_terrain_lowest_point#johnston_atoll#Pacific Ocean 0 m)
(geography_terrain_highest_point#johnston_atoll#Summit Peak 5 m)
(geography_natural_resources#johnston_atoll#NA; guano deposits worked until depletion about 1890)
(geography_land_use_arable_land#johnston_atoll#0%)
(geography_land_use_permanent_crops#johnston_atoll#0%)
(geography_land_use_meadows_and_pastures#johnston_atoll#0%)
(geography_land_use_forest_and_woodland#johnston_atoll#0%)
(geography_land_use_other#johnston_atoll#100%)
(geography_irrigated_land#johnston_atoll#0 sq km)
(geography_environment_current_issues#johnston_atoll#no natural fresh water resources)
(geography_environment_natural_hazards#johnston_atoll#NA)
(geography_environment_international_agreements#johnston_atoll#NA)
(geography_geographic_note#johnston_atoll#strategic location in the North Pacific Ocean; Johnston Island and Sand Island are natural islands, which have been expanded by coral dredging; North Island {Akau} and East Island {Hikina} are manmade islands formed from coral dredging; closed to the public; former nuclear weapons test site; site of Johnston Atoll Chemical Agent Disposal System {JACADS}; some low-growing vegetation)
(people_population#johnston_atoll#no indigenous inhabitants; note - there are 1,200 US military and civilian contractor personnel {July 1996 est.})
(government_name_of_country_conventional_long_form#johnston_atoll#none)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_short_form#johnston_atoll#Johnston Atoll)
(government_data_code#johnston_atoll#JQ)
(government_type_of_government#johnston_atoll#unincorporated territory of the US administered by the US Defense Nuclear Agency {DNA} and managed cooperatively by DNA and the Fish and Wildlife Service of the US Department of the Interior as part of the National Wildlife Refuge system)
(government_capital#johnston_atoll#none)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us#johnston_atoll#none {territory of the US})
(government_us_diplomatic_representation#johnston_atoll#none {territory of the US})
(government_flag#johnston_atoll#the flag of the US is used)
(economy_economic_overview#johnston_atoll#Economic activity is limited to providing services to US military personnel and contractors located on the island. All food and manufactured goods must be imported.)
(economy_electricity#johnston_atoll#supplied by the management and operations contractor)
(transportation_railways#johnston_atoll#0 km)
(transportation_highways_total#johnston_atoll#NA km)
(transportation_highways_paved#johnston_atoll#NA km)
(transportation_highways_unpaved#johnston_atoll#NA km)
(transportation_ports#johnston_atoll#Johnston Island)
(transportation_airports_total#johnston_atoll#1)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_2,438_to_3,047_m#johnston_atoll#1 {1995 est.})
(communications_telephones#johnston_atoll#NA)
(communications_telephone_system#johnston_atoll#52 telephone lines; excellent system)
(communications_telephone_system_domestic#johnston_atoll#60-channel submarine cable, 22 DSN circuits by satellite, Autodin with standard remote terminal, digital telephone switch, Military Affiliated Radio System {MARS station}, UHF/VHF air-ground radio, a link to the Pacific Consolidated Telecommunications Network {PCTN} satellite, and amateur radio)
(communications_telephone_system_international#johnston_atoll#NA)
(communications_radio_broadcast_stations#johnston_atoll#AM NA, FM 5, shortwave NA)
(communications_radios#johnston_atoll#NA)
(communications_television_broadcast_stations#johnston_atoll#NA)
(communications_televisions#johnston_atoll#NA)
(defense_defense_note#johnston_atoll#defense is the responsibility of the US)
(geography_location#jordan#Middle East, northwest of Saudi Arabia)
(geography_geographic_coordinates#jordan#31 00 N, 36 00 E)
(geography_map_references#jordan#Middle East)
(geography_area_total_area#jordan#89,213 sq km)
(geography_area_land_area#jordan#88,884 sq km)
(geography_area_comparative_area#jordan#slightly smaller than Indiana)
(geography_land_boundaries_total#jordan#1,619 km)
(geography_land_boundaries_border_countries#jordan#Iraq 181 km, Israel 238 km, Saudi Arabia 728 km, Syria 375 km, West Bank 97 km)
(geography_coastline#jordan#26 km)
(geography_maritime_claims_territorial_sea#jordan#3 nm)
(geography_international_disputes#jordan#none)
(geography_climate#jordan#mostly arid desert; rainy season in west {November to April})
(geography_terrain#jordan#mostly desert plateau in east, highland area in west; Great Rift Valley separates East and West Banks of the Jordan River)
(geography_terrain_lowest_point#jordan#Dead Sea -408 m)
(geography_terrain_highest_point#jordan#Jabal Ram 1,754 m)
(geography_natural_resources#jordan#phosphates, potash, shale oil)
(geography_land_use_arable_land#jordan#4%)
(geography_land_use_permanent_crops#jordan#0.5%)
(geography_land_use_meadows_and_pastures#jordan#1%)
(geography_land_use_forest_and_woodland#jordan#0.5%)
(geography_land_use_other#jordan#94%)
(geography_irrigated_land#jordan#570 sq km {1989 est.})
(geography_environment_current_issues#jordan#limited natural fresh water resources; deforestation; overgrazing; soil erosion; desertification)
(geography_environment_natural_hazards#jordan#NA)
(geography_environment_international_agreements#jordan#party to - Biodiversity, Climate Change, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Marine Dumping, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands; signed, but not ratified - Desertification, Law of the Sea)
(people_population#jordan#4,212,152 {July 1996 est.})
(people_age_structure_0-14_years#jordan#44% {male 949,822; female 903,043})
(people_age_structure_15-64_years#jordan#53% {male 1,153,360; female 1,091,416})
(people_age_structure_65_years_and_over#jordan#3% {male 57,783; female 56,728} {July 1996 est.})
(people_population_growth_rate#jordan#2.65% {1996 est.})
(people_birth_rate#jordan#36.67 births/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_death_rate#jordan#3.95 deaths/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_net_migration_rate#jordan#-6.23 migrant{s}/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_sex_ratio_at_birth#jordan#1.06 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_under_15_years#jordan#1.05 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_15-64_years#jordan#1.06 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_65_years_and_over#jordan#1.02 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_all_ages#jordan#1.05 male{s}/female {1996 est.})
(people_infant_mortality_rate#jordan#31.5 deaths/1,000 live births {1996 est.})
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_total_population#jordan#72.48 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_male#jordan#70.62 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_female#jordan#74.45 years {1996 est.})
(people_total_fertility_rate#jordan#5.1 children born/woman {1996 est.})
(people_nationality_noun#jordan#Jordanian{s})
(people_nationality_adjective#jordan#Jordanian)
(people_ethnic_divisions#jordan#Arab 98%, Circassian 1%, Armenian 1%)
(people_religions#jordan#Sunni Muslim 92%, Christian 8%)
(people_languages#jordan#Arabic {official}, English widely understood among upper and middle classes)
(people_literacy#jordan#age 15 and over can read and write {1995 est.})
(people_literacy_total_population#jordan#86.6%)
(people_literacy_male#jordan#93.4%)
(people_literacy_female#jordan#79.4%)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_long_form#jordan#Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_short_form#jordan#Jordan)
(government_name_of_country_local_long_form#jordan#Al Mamlakah al Urduniyah al Hashimiyah)
(government_name_of_country_local_short_form#jordan#Al Urdun)
(government_name_of_country_former#jordan#Transjordan)
(government_data_code#jordan#JO)
(government_type_of_government#jordan#constitutional monarchy)
(government_capital#jordan#Amman)
(government_administrative_divisions#jordan#8 governorates {muhafazat, singular - muhafazah}; Al Balqa', Al Karak, Al Mafraq, 'Amman, At Tafilah, Az Zarqa', Irbid, Ma'an)
(government_independence#jordan#25 May 1946 {from League of Nations mandate under British administration})
(government_national_holiday#jordan#Independence Day, 25 May {1946})
(government_constitution#jordan#8 January 1952)
(government_legal_system#jordan#based on Islamic law and French codes; judicial review of legislative acts in a specially provided High Tribunal; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction)
(government_suffrage#jordan#20 years of age; universal)
(government_executive_branch_chief_of_state#jordan#King HUSSEIN Bin Talal Al Hashimi {since 2 May 1953} is a constitutional monarch)
(government_executive_branch_head_of_government#jordan#Prime Minister Abd al-Karim al-KABARITI {since 4 February 1996} was appointed by the king)
(government_executive_branch_cabinet#jordan#Cabinet was appointed by the king)
(government_legislative_branch#jordan#bicameral National Assembly {Majlis al-'Umma})
(government_house_of_notables_{majlis_al-a'ayan}#jordan#consists of a 40-member body appointed by the king from designated categories of public figures)
(government_house_of_representatives#jordan#elections last held 8 November 1993 {next to be held NA November 1997}; results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - {80 total} IAF 16, Jordanian National Alliance Party 4, Al-Yaqazah Party 2, Al-Watan Party 2, Al-'Ahd Party 2, Jordanian Arab Democratic Party 2, Al-Mustaqbal Party 1, Jordanian Arab Socialist Ba'th Party 1, Jordanian Democratic Progressive Party 1, Jordanian People's Democratic Party-Hashd 1, Jordanian Socialist Democratic Party 1, independents 47)
(government_house_of_representatives_note#jordan#the House of Representatives has been convened and dissolved by the king several times since 1974; in November 1989 the first parliamentary elections in 22 years were held)
(government_judicial_branch#jordan#Court of Cassation)
(government_political_parties_and_leaders#jordan#Al-'Ahd {Pledge} Party, 'Abd al-Hadi al-MAJALI, secretary general; Al-Ahrar {Liberals} Party, Ahmad al-ZU'BI, secretary general; Al-Taqaddumi {Progressive} Party, Fawwaz al-ZUBI, secretary general; Al-Watan {Homeland} Party, 'Akif al-FAYIZ; Al-Yaqazah {Awakening} Party, 'Abd al-Ra'uf al-RAWABIDAH, secretary general; Constitutional Jordanian Arab Front Party, Milhim al-TALL; Democratic Arab Islamic Movement Party-Du'a', Yusuf Abu BAKR, secretary general; Democratic Arab Unionist Party-Wad, Anis al-MU'ASHIR, secretary general; Islamic Action Front {IAF}, Ishaq al-FARHAN, secretary general; Jordanian Arab Masses Party, 'Abd al-Khaliq SHATAT, secretary general; Jordanian Arab Socialist Ba'th Party, Taysir al-HIMSI, command first secretary; Jordanian Communist Party {JCP}, Ya'qub ZAYADIN, secretary general; Jordanian Democratic Popular Unity Party, 'Azmi al-KHAWAJA, secretary general; Jordanian National Alliance Party, Mijhim al-KHURAYSHAH, secretary general; Jordanian People's Democratic Party-Hashd, Salim al-NAHHAS, secretary general; Jordanian Unionist Democratic Party, 'Isa MADANAT {secretary general}, Ali AMIR {secretary general}, Munis al-RAZZAZ {secretary general}; Pan-Arab Action Front Party, Muhammad al-ZU'BI, secretary general; Popular Unity Party-the Unionists, Mustafa AL-'ISAWI, secretary general; Progress and Justice Party, 'Ali al-SA'D, secretary general; Progressive Arab Ba'th Party, Mahmud al-MA'AYITAH, command secretary; Al-Mustaqbal {Future} Party, Sulayman 'ARAR, secretary general; Jordanian Arab Partisans Party, Muhammad al-MAJALI, leader, Muhammad SHURAYDAH, secretary general)
(government_political_parties_and_leaders_note#jordan#in 1995, the Jordanian Arab Democratic Party, the Jordanian Democratic Progressive Party, and the Jordanian Socialist Democratic Party merged to form the Jordanian Unionist Democratic Party)
(government_international_organization_participation#jordan#ABEDA, ACC, AFESD, AL, AMF, CAEU, CCC, ESCWA, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, IOM {observer}, ISO {correspondent}, ITU, NAM, OIC, PCA, UN, UNAMIR, UNAVEM III, UNCRO, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNMIH, UNMOT, UNOMIG, UNOMIL, UNPREDEP, UNPROFOR, UNRWA, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO {applicant})
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_chief_of_mission#jordan#Ambassador Fayiz A. TARAWNEH)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_chancery#jordan#3504 International Drive NW, Washington, DC 20008)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_telephone#jordan#[1] {202} 966-2664)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_fax#jordan#[1] {202} 966-3110)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_chief_of_mission#jordan#Ambassador Wesley W. EGAN, Jr.)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_embassy#jordan#Jabel Amman, Amman)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_mailing_address#jordan#P. O. Box 354, Amman 11118 Jordan; APO AE 09892-0200)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_telephone#jordan#[962] {6} 820101)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_fax#jordan#[962] {6} 820159)
(government_flag#jordan#three equal horizontal bands of black {top}, white, and green with a red isosceles triangle based on the hoist side bearing a small white seven-pointed star; the seven points on the star represent the seven fundamental laws of the Koran)
(economy_economic_overview#jordan#Jordan is a small Arab country with inadequate supplies of water and other natural resources such as oil and coal. Jordan benefited from increased Arab aid during the oil boom of the late 1970s and early 1980s, when its annual real GNP growth averaged more than 10%. In the remainder of the 1980s, however, reductions in both Arab aid and worker remittances slowed real economic growth to an average of roughly 2% per year. Imports - mainly oil, capital goods, consumer durables, and food - outstripped exports, with the difference covered by aid, remittances, and borrowing. In mid-1989, the Jordanian Government began debt-rescheduling negotiations and agreed to implement an IMF-supported program designed to gradually reduce the budget deficit and implement badly needed structural reforms. The Persian Gulf crisis that began in August 1990, however, aggravated Jordan's already serious economic problems, forcing the government to shelve the IMF program, stop most debt payments, and suspend rescheduling negotiations. Aid from Gulf Arab states, worker remittances, and trade contracted; and refugees flooded the country, producing serious balance-of-payments problems, stunting GDP growth, and straining government resources. The economy rebounded in 1992, largely due to the influx of capital repatriated by workers returning from the Gulf, but the recovery was uneven throughout 1994 and 1995. The government is implementing the reform program adopted in 1992 and continues to secure rescheduling and write-offs of its heavy foreign debt. Debt, poverty, and unemployment remain Jordan's biggest on-going problems.)
(economy_gdp#jordan#purchasing power parity - $19.3 billion {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_real_growth_rate#jordan#6.5% {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_per_capita#jordan#$4,700 {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_agriculture#jordan#11%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_industry#jordan#25%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_services#jordan#64% {1994})
(economy_inflation_rate_{consumer_prices}#jordan#3% {1995 est.})
(economy_labor_force#jordan#600,000 {1992})
(economy_labor_force_by_occupation#jordan#industry 11.4%, commerce, restaurants, and hotels 10.5%, construction 10.0%, transport and communications 8.7%, agriculture 7.4%, other services 52.0% {1992})
(economy_unemployment_rate#jordan#16% {1994 est.})
(economy_budget_revenues#jordan#$2.5 billion)
(economy_budget_expenditures#jordan#$2.5 billion, including capital expenditures of $640 million {1996 est.})
(economy_industries#jordan#phosphate mining, petroleum refining, cement, potash, light manufacturing)
(economy_industrial_production_growth_rate#jordan#5.6% {1994 est.})
(economy_electricity_capacity#jordan#1,050,000 kW)
(economy_electricity_production#jordan#4.2 billion kWh)
(economy_electricity_consumption_per_capita#jordan#1,072 kWh {1993})
(economy_agriculture#jordan#wheat, barley, citrus, tomatoes, melons, olives; sheep, goats, poultry)
(economy_exports#jordan#$1.7 billion {f.o.b., 1994})
(economy_exports_commodities#jordan#phosphates, fertilizers, potash, agricultural products, manufactures)
(economy_exports_partners#jordan#India, Iraq, Saudi Arabia, EU, Indonesia, UAE)
(economy_imports#jordan#$3.8 billion {c.i.f., 1994})
(economy_imports_commodities#jordan#crude oil, machinery, transport equipment, food, live animals, manufactured goods)
(economy_imports_partners#jordan#EU, US, Iraq, Japan, Turkey)
(economy_external_debt#jordan#$6.9 billion {1995 est.})
(economy_economic_aid_recipient#jordan#ODA, $238 million {1993})
(economy_currency#jordan#1 Jordanian dinar {JD} = 1,000 fils)
(economy_exchange_rates#jordan#Jordanian dinars {JD} per US$1 - 0.7090 {January 1996}, 0.7005 {1995}, 0.6987 {1994}, 0.6928 {1993}, 0.6797 {1992}, 0.6808 {1991})
(economy_fiscal_year#jordan#calendar year)
(transportation_railways_total#jordan#676 km)
(transportation_railways_narrow_gauge#jordan#676 km 1.050-m gauge; note - an additional 110 km stretch of the old Hedjaz railroad is out of use)
(transportation_highways_total#jordan#5,680 km)
(transportation_highways_paved#jordan#5,680 km {including 1,712 km of expressways})
(transportation_highways_unpaved#jordan#0 km {1991 est.})
(transportation_pipelines#jordan#crude oil 209 km)
(transportation_ports#jordan#Al'Aqabah)
(transportation_merchant_marine_total#jordan#3 bulk ships {1,000 GRT or over} totaling 41,960 GRT/67,515 DWT {1995 est.})
(transportation_airports#jordan#14)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_over_3,047_m#jordan#10)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_2,438_to_3,047_m#jordan#3)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_under_914_m#jordan#1 {1995 est.})
(communications_telephones#jordan#81,500 {1987 est.})
(communications_telephone_system#jordan#adequate telephone system)
(communications_telephone_system_domestic#jordan#microwave radio relay, cable, and radiotelephone links)
(communications_telephone_system_international#jordan#satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat {1 Atlantic Ocean and 1 Indian Ocean} and 1 Arabsat; coaxial cable and microwave radio relay to Iraq, Saudi Arabia, and Syria; microwave radio relay to Lebanon is inactive; participant in Medarabtel)
(communications_radio_broadcast_stations#jordan#AM 5, FM 7, shortwave 0)
(communications_radios#jordan#1.1 million {1992 est.})
(communications_television_broadcast_stations#jordan#8 and 1 TV receive-only satellite link)
(communications_televisions#jordan#350,000 {1992 est.})
(defense_branches#jordan#Jordanian Armed Forces {JAF; includes Royal Jordanian Land Force, Royal Naval Force, and Royal Jordanian Air Force}; Ministry of the Interior's Public Security Force {falls under JAF only in wartime or crisis situations})
(defense_manpower_availability_males_age_15-49#jordan#1,011,588)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_fit_for_military_service#jordan#721,460)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_reach_military_age_{18}_annually#jordan#45,406 {1996 est.})
(defense_defense_expenditures#jordan#exchange rate conversion - $589 million, 8.2% of GDP {1996})
(header_affiliation#juan_de_nova_island#{possession of France})
(geography_location#juan_de_nova_island#Southern Africa, island in the Mozambique Channel, about one-third of the way between Madagascar and Mozambique)
(geography_geographic_coordinates#juan_de_nova_island#17 03 S, 42 45 E)
(geography_map_references#juan_de_nova_island#Africa)
(geography_area_total_area#juan_de_nova_island#4.4 sq km)
(geography_area_land_area#juan_de_nova_island#4.4 sq km)
(geography_area_comparative_area#juan_de_nova_island#about seven times the size of The Mall in Washington, DC)
(geography_land_boundaries#juan_de_nova_island#0 km)
(geography_coastline#juan_de_nova_island#24.1 km)
(geography_maritime_claims_contiguous_zone#juan_de_nova_island#12 nm)
(geography_maritime_claims_continental_shelf#juan_de_nova_island#200-m depth or to depth the of exploitation)
(geography_maritime_claims_exclusive_economic_zone#juan_de_nova_island#200 nm)
(geography_maritime_claims_territorial_sea#juan_de_nova_island#12 nm)
(geography_international_disputes#juan_de_nova_island#claimed by Madagascar)
(geography_climate#juan_de_nova_island#tropical)
(geography_terrain#juan_de_nova_island#NA)
(geography_terrain_lowest_point#juan_de_nova_island#Indian Ocean 0 m)
(geography_terrain_highest_point#juan_de_nova_island#unnamed location 10 m)
(geography_natural_resources#juan_de_nova_island#guano deposits and other fertilizers)
(geography_land_use_arable_land#juan_de_nova_island#0%)
(geography_land_use_permanent_crops#juan_de_nova_island#0%)
(geography_land_use_meadows_and_pastures#juan_de_nova_island#0%)
(geography_land_use_forest_and_woodland#juan_de_nova_island#90%)
(geography_land_use_other#juan_de_nova_island#10%)
(geography_irrigated_land#juan_de_nova_island#0 sq km)
(geography_environment_current_issues#juan_de_nova_island#NA)
(geography_environment_natural_hazards#juan_de_nova_island#periodic cyclones)
(geography_environment_international_agreements#juan_de_nova_island#NA)
(geography_geographic_note#juan_de_nova_island#wildlife sanctuary)
(people_population#juan_de_nova_island#uninhabited)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_long_form#juan_de_nova_island#none)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_short_form#juan_de_nova_island#Juan de Nova Island)
(government_name_of_country_local_long_form#juan_de_nova_island#none)
(government_name_of_country_local_short_form#juan_de_nova_island#Ile Juan de Nova)
(government_data_code#juan_de_nova_island#JU)
(government_type_of_government#juan_de_nova_island#French possession administered by Commissioner of the Republic, resident in Reunion)
(government_capital#juan_de_nova_island#none; administered by France from Reunion)
(government_independence#juan_de_nova_island#none {possession of France})
(government_flag#juan_de_nova_island#the flag of France is used)
(economy_economic_overview#juan_de_nova_island#no economic activity)
(transportation_railways_total#juan_de_nova_island#NA km; short line going to a jetty)
(transportation_ports#juan_de_nova_island#none; offshore anchorage only)
(transportation_airports_total#juan_de_nova_island#1)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_914_to_1,523_m#juan_de_nova_island#1 {1995 est.})
(defense_defense_note#juan_de_nova_island#defense is the responsibility of France)
(geography_location#kazakstan#Central Asia, northwest of China)
(geography_geographic_coordinates#kazakstan#48 00 N, 68 00 E)
(geography_map_references#kazakstan#Commonwealth of Independent States)
(geography_area_total_area#kazakstan#2,717,300 sq km)
(geography_area_land_area#kazakstan#2,669,800 sq km)
(geography_area_comparative_area#kazakstan#slightly less than four times the size of Texas)
(geography_land_boundaries_total#kazakstan#12,012 km)
(geography_land_boundaries_border_countries#kazakstan#China 1,533 km, Kyrgyzstan 1,051 km, Russia 6,846 km, Turkmenistan 379 km, Uzbekistan 2,203 km)
(geography_coastline#kazakstan#0 km {landlocked})
(geography_coastline_note#kazakstan#Kazakstan borders the Aral Sea {1,015 km} and the Caspian Sea {1,894 km})
(geography_maritime_claims#kazakstan#none {landlocked})
(geography_international_disputes#kazakstan#Caspian Sea boundaries are not yet determined)
(geography_climate#kazakstan#continental, cold winters and hot summers, arid and semiarid)
(geography_terrain#kazakstan#extends from the Volga to the Altai Mountains and from the plains in western Siberia to oasis and desert in Central Asia)
(geography_terrain_lowest_point#kazakstan#Vpadina Kaundy -132 m)
(geography_terrain_highest_point#kazakstan#Zhengis Shingy 7,439 m)
(geography_natural_resources#kazakstan#major deposits of petroleum, coal, iron ore, manganese, chrome ore, nickel, cobalt, copper, molybdenum, lead, zinc, bauxite, gold, uranium)
(geography_land_use_arable_land#kazakstan#15%)
(geography_land_use_permanent_crops#kazakstan#NEGL%)
(geography_land_use_meadows_and_pastures#kazakstan#57%)
(geography_land_use_forest_and_woodland#kazakstan#4%)
(geography_land_use_other#kazakstan#24%)
(geography_irrigated_land#kazakstan#23,080 sq km {1990})
(geography_environment_current_issues#kazakstan#radioactive or toxic chemical sites associated with its former defense industries and test ranges are found throughout the country and pose health risks for humans and animals; industrial pollution is severe in some cities; because the two main rivers which flowed into the Aral Sea have been diverted for irrigation, it is drying up and leaving behind a harmful layer of chemical pesticides and natural salts; these substances are then picked up by the wind and blown into noxious dust storms; pollution in the Caspian Sea; soil pollution from overuse of agricultural chemicals and salinization from faulty irrigation practices)
(geography_environment_natural_hazards#kazakstan#NA)
(geography_environment_international_agreements#kazakstan#party to - Biodiversity, Climate Change, Ship Pollution; signed, but not ratified - Desertification)
(geography_geographic_note#kazakstan#landlocked)
(people_population#kazakstan#16,916,463 {July 1996 est.})
(people_age_structure_0-14_years#kazakstan#30% {male 2,576,204; female 2,486,937})
(people_age_structure_15-64_years#kazakstan#63% {male 5,203,035; female 5,451,404})
(people_age_structure_65_years_and_over#kazakstan#7% {male 384,341; female 814,542} {July 1996 est.})
(people_population_growth_rate#kazakstan#-0.15% {1996 est.})
(people_birth_rate#kazakstan#19.02 births/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_death_rate#kazakstan#9.65 deaths/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_net_migration_rate#kazakstan#-10.88 migrant{s}/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_sex_ratio_at_birth#kazakstan#1.05 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_under_15_years#kazakstan#1.04 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_15-64_years#kazakstan#0.95 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_65_years_and_over#kazakstan#0.47 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_all_ages#kazakstan#0.93 male{s}/female {1996 est.})
(people_infant_mortality_rate#kazakstan#63.2 deaths/1,000 live births {1996 est.})
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_total_population#kazakstan#64.09 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_male#kazakstan#58.56 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_female#kazakstan#69.9 years {1996 est.})
(people_total_fertility_rate#kazakstan#2.36 children born/woman {1996 est.})
(people_nationality_noun#kazakstan#Kazakstani{s})
(people_nationality_adjective#kazakstan#Kazakstani)
(people_ethnic_divisions#kazakstan#Kazak {Qazaq} 41.9%, Russian 37%, Ukrainian 5.2%, German 4.7%, Uzbek 2.1%, Tatar 2%, other 7.1% {1991 official data})
(people_religions#kazakstan#Muslim 47%, Russian Orthodox 44%, Protestant 2%, other 7%)
(people_languages#kazakstan#Kazak {Qazaqz} official language spoken by over 40% of population, Russian {language of interethnic communication} spoken by two-thirds of population and used in everyday business)
(people_literacy#kazakstan#age 15 and over can read and write {1989 est.})
(people_literacy_total_population#kazakstan#98%)
(people_literacy_male#kazakstan#99%)
(people_literacy_female#kazakstan#96%)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_long_form#kazakstan#Republic of Kazakstan)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_short_form#kazakstan#Kazakstan)
(government_name_of_country_local_long_form#kazakstan#Qazaqstan Respublikasy)
(government_name_of_country_local_short_form#kazakstan#none)
(government_name_of_country_former#kazakstan#Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic)
(government_data_code#kazakstan#KZ)
(government_type_of_government#kazakstan#republic)
(government_capital#kazakstan#Almaty)
(government_administrative_divisions#kazakstan#19 oblystar {singular - oblys} and 1 city {qalalar, singular - qala}*; Almaty Qalasy*, Almaty Oblysy, Aqmola Oblysy, Aqtobe Oblysy, Atyrau Oblysy, Batys Qazaqstan Oblysy {Oral}, Kokshetau Oblysy, Mangghystau Oblysy {Aqtau}, Ongtustik Qazaqstan Oblysy {Shymkent}, Pavlodar Oblysy, Qaraghandy Oblysy, Qostanay Oblysy, Qyzylorda Oblysy, Semey Oblysy, Shyghys Qazaqstan Oblysy {Oskemen; formerly Ust'-Kamenogorsk}, Soltustik Qazaqstan Oblysy {Petropavl}, Taldyqorghan Oblysy, Torghay Oblysy, Zhambyl Oblysy, Zhezqazghan Oblysy)
(government_administrative_divisions_note#kazakstan#names in parentheses are administrative centers when name differs from oblys name)
(government_independence#kazakstan#16 December 1991 {from the Soviet Union})
(government_national_holiday#kazakstan#Independence Day, 16 December {1991})
(government_constitution#kazakstan#adopted 28 January 1993; has been amended in April 1995 and August 1995)
(government_legal_system#kazakstan#based on civil law system)
(government_suffrage#kazakstan#18 years of age; universal)
(government_executive_branch_chief_of_state#kazakstan#President Nursultan A. NAZARBAYEV {since 22 February 1990} was elected chairman of the Supreme Soviet 22 February 1990, and president by popular election 1 December 1991; was elected for a five-year term by universal suffrage; election last held 1 December 1991 {next to be held NA 2000}; results - Nursultan A. NAZARBAYEV ran unopposed; note - President NAZARBAYEV's term was extended to the year 2000 by a nationwide referendum held 30 April 1995)
(government_executive_branch_head_of_government#kazakstan#Prime Minister Akezhan KAZHEGELDIN {since 12 October 1994} and First Deputy Prime Ministers Nigmatzhan ISINGARIN {since 12 October 1994} were appointed by the president)
(government_executive_branch_cabinet#kazakstan#Council of Ministers was appointed by the prime minister)
(government_executive_branch_note#kazakstan#President NAZARBAYEV has expanded his presidential powers by decree: only he can initiate constitutional amendments, appoint and dismiss the government, dissolve parliament, call referenda at his discretion, and appoint administrative heads of regions and cities)
(government_legislative_branch#kazakstan#bicameral Parliament)
(government_senate#kazakstan#elections {indirect} last held 5 December 1995 {next to be held NA 1999}; results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - {47 total} "independent" state officials 25, progovernment parties 11, other parties 2, vacant 9 {of which 7 are to be nominated by the president})
(government_majilis#kazakstan#elections last held 9 December and 23 December 1995 {next to be held NA}; percent of vote by party NA; seats - {67 total} seats by party NA; note - 172 candidates were forwarded by parties and social organizations and 113 candidates were independents)
(government_judicial_branch#kazakstan#Supreme Court)
(government_political_parties_and_leaders#kazakstan#ALASH party; People's Unity Party {PUP; was Union of People's Unity}, Akhan BIZHANOV, chairman; Democratic Party, Tulegen ZHUKEYEV and Altynbek SARSENBAYEV, cochairmen; People's Congress of Kazakstan {PCK}, Olzhas SULEYMENOV, chairman; Socialist Party of Kazakstan {SPK; former Communist Party}, Petr SVOIK, chairman; Communist Party, Baidabek TULEPBAYEV; National Democratic Party, Kamal ORMANTAYEV, chairman; AZAT party, Khasen KOZH-AKHMET, chairman; Confederation of Trade Unions of the Republic of Kazakstan; Peasant Union of the Republic Kazakstan {KPU}; Slavic Movement LAD, Aleksandra DOKUCHAYEVA, chairman; Party for Social Justice and Economic Revival "Tagibat"; Social Democratic Party, Dos KUSHIMOV, cochairman; People's Cooperative Party, Umirzak SARSENOV, chairman; Organization of Veterans; Republican Party)
(government_other_political_or_pressure_groups#kazakstan#Independent Trade Union Center, Leonid SOLOMIN, president; Kazakstani-American Bureau on Human Rights, Yevgeniy ZHOVTIS, executive director; Democratic Committee on Human Rights; Independent Miners Union)
(government_international_organization_participation#kazakstan#AsDB, CCC, CIS, EBRD, ECE, ECO, ESCAP, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IDB, IFC, ILO, IMF, IMO, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, ITU, NACC, OIC, OSCE, PFP, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO {observer})
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_chief_of_mission#kazakstan#Ambassador Bolat NURGALIYEV)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_chancery#kazakstan#{temporary} 3421 Massachusetts Avenue, NW, Washington, DC 20008)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_telephone#kazakstan#[1] {202} 333-4504 through 4507)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_fax#kazakstan#[1] {202} 333-4509)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_chief_of_mission#kazakstan#Ambassador A. Elizabeth JONES)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_embassy#kazakstan#99/97 Furmanova Street, Almaty, Republic of Kazakstan 480012)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_mailing_address#kazakstan#use embassy street address)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_telephone#kazakstan#[7] {3272} 63-39-05, 63-13-75, 63-24-26)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_fax#kazakstan#[7] {3272} 63-29-42)
(government_flag#kazakstan#sky blue background representing the endless sky and a gold sun with 32 rays soaring above a golden steppe eagle in the center; on the hoist side is a "national ornamentation" in yellow)
(economy_economic_overview#kazakstan#Kazakstan, the second largest of the former Soviet states in territory, possesses enormous untapped fossil-fuel reserves as well as plentiful supplies of other minerals and metals. It also has considerable agricultural potential with its vast steppe lands accommodating both livestock and grain production. Kazakstan's industrial sector rests on the extraction and processing of these natural resources and also on a relatively large machine building sector specializing in construction equipment, tractors, agricultural machinery, and some defense items. The breakup of the USSR and the collapse of demand for Kazakstan's traditional heavy industry products have resulted in a sharp contraction of the economy since 1991, with the steepest annual decline occurring in 1994. The government has pursued a moderate program of economic reform and privatization, resulting in a gradual lifting of state controls over economic activity and a shifting of assets into the private sector. Nevertheless, government control over key sectors of the economy remains strong. Moreover, continued lack of pipeline transportation for expanded oil exports has closed off a likely source of economic recovery.)
(economy_gdp#kazakstan#purchasing power parity - $46.9 billion {1995 estimate as extrapolated from World Bank estimate for 1994})
(economy_gdp_real_growth_rate#kazakstan#-8.9% {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_per_capita#kazakstan#$2,700 {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_agriculture#kazakstan#28.5%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_industry#kazakstan#41.5%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_services#kazakstan#30% {1991 est.})
(economy_inflation_rate_{consumer_prices}#kazakstan#60.3% {1995 est.})
(economy_labor_force#kazakstan#7.356 million)
(economy_labor_force_by_occupation#kazakstan#industry and construction 31%, agriculture and forestry 26%, other 43% {1992})
(economy_unemployment_rate#kazakstan#1.4% includes only officially registered unemployed; also large numbers of underemployed workers {September 1995 est.})
(economy_budget_revenues#kazakstan#$NA)
(economy_budget_expenditures#kazakstan#$NA, including capital expenditures of $NA)
(economy_industries#kazakstan#oil, coal, iron ore, manganese, chromite, lead, zinc, copper, titanium, bauxite, gold, silver, phosphates, sulfur, iron and steel, nonferrous metal, tractors and other agricultural machinery, electric motors, construction materials; much of industrial capacity is shut down and/or is in need of repair)
(economy_industrial_production_growth_rate#kazakstan#-8% {1995})
(economy_electricity_capacity#kazakstan#17,380,000 kW)
(economy_electricity_production#kazakstan#65.7 billion kWh)
(economy_electricity_consumption_per_capita#kazakstan#3,700 kWh {1995 est.})
(economy_agriculture#kazakstan#grain, mostly spring wheat, cotton; wool, meat)
(economy_illicit_drugs#kazakstan#illicit cultivation of cannabis and opium poppy; mostly for CIS consumption; government eradication program; used as transshipment point for illicit drugs to Western Europe and North America from Southwest Asia)
(economy_exports#kazakstan#$5.1 billion {1995})
(economy_exports_commodities#kazakstan#oil, ferrous and nonferrous metals, chemicals, grain, wool, meat, coal)
(economy_exports_partners#kazakstan#Russia, Ukraine, Uzbekistan)
(economy_imports#kazakstan#$3.9 billion {1995})
(economy_imports_commodities#kazakstan#machinery and parts, industrial materials, oil and gas)
(economy_imports_partners#kazakstan#Russia and other former Soviet republics, China)
(economy_external_debt#kazakstan#$2.5 billion {of which $1.3 billion to Russia})
(economy_economic_aid_recipient#kazakstan#ODA, $10 million {1993})
(economy_economic_aid_note#kazakstan#commitments, 1992-95, $4,780 million {$1,795 million disbursements})
(economy_currency#kazakstan#national currency, the tenge, introduced on 15 November 1993)
(economy_exchange_rates#kazakstan#tenges per US$1 - 64 {yearend 1995}, 54 {yearend 1994})
(economy_fiscal_year#kazakstan#calendar year)
(transportation_railways_total#kazakstan#13,841 km in common carrier service; does not include industrial lines)
(transportation_railways_broad_gauge#kazakstan#13,841 km 1.520-m gauge {3,299 km electrified} {1992})
(transportation_highways_total#kazakstan#87,873 km public roads)
(transportation_highways_paved#kazakstan#82,568 km)
(transportation_highways_unpaved#kazakstan#5,305 km {1994})
(transportation_waterways#kazakstan#4,002 km on the Syrdariya River and Ertis River)
(transportation_pipelines#kazakstan#crude oil 2,850 km; refined products 1,500 km; natural gas 3,480 km {1992})
(transportation_ports#kazakstan#Aqtau {Shevchenko}, Atyrau {Gur'yev}, Oskemen {Ust-Kamenogorsk}, Pavlodar, Semey {Semipalatinsk})
(transportation_airports_total#kazakstan#352)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_over_3,047_m#kazakstan#7)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_2,438_to_3,047_m#kazakstan#23)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_1,524_to_2,437_m#kazakstan#11)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_914_to_1,523_m#kazakstan#5)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_under_914_m#kazakstan#9)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_over_3,047_m#kazakstan#9)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_2,438_to_3,047_m#kazakstan#8)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_1,524_to_2,437_m#kazakstan#25)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_914_to_1,523_m#kazakstan#65)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_under_914_m#kazakstan#190 {1994 est.})
(communications_telephones#kazakstan#2.2 million)
(communications_telephone_system#kazakstan#service is poor)
(communications_telephone_system_domestic#kazakstan#landline and microwave radio relay)
(communications_telephone_system_international#kazakstan#international traffic with other former Soviet republics and China carried by landline and microwave radio relay and with other countries by satellite and through 8 international telecommunications circuits at the Moscow international gateway switch; satellite earth stations - 1 Intelsat and a new satellite earth station established at Almaty of unknown type)
(communications_radio_broadcast_stations#kazakstan#AM NA, FM NA, shortwave NA)
(communications_radios#kazakstan#4.088 million {with multiple speakers for program diffusion 6.082 million})
(communications_television_broadcast_stations#kazakstan#NA; Orbita {TV receive only} earth station)
(communications_televisions#kazakstan#4.75 million)
(defense_branches#kazakstan#Army, Air Force, Air Defense Force, National Guard, Security Forces {internal and border troops}; Kazakstan may also be establishing a maritime force - navy or coast guard - on the Caspian Sea)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_age_15-49#kazakstan#4,399,356)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_fit_for_military_service#kazakstan#3,516,583)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_reach_military_age_{18}_annually#kazakstan#154,750 {1996 est.})
(defense_defense_expenditures#kazakstan#18.9 billion tenges, NA% of GDP {1995}; note - conversion of defense expenditures into US dollars using the current exchange rate could produce misleading results)
(geography_location#kenya#Eastern Africa, bordering the Indian Ocean, between Somalia and Tanzania)
(geography_geographic_coordinates#kenya#1 00 N, 38 00 E)
(geography_map_references#kenya#Africa)
(geography_area_total_area#kenya#582,650 sq km)
(geography_area_land_area#kenya#569,250 sq km)
(geography_area_comparative_area#kenya#slightly more than twice the size of Nevada)
(geography_land_boundaries_total#kenya#3,446 km)
(geography_land_boundaries_border_countries#kenya#Ethiopia 830 km, Somalia 682 km, Sudan 232 km, Tanzania 769 km, Uganda 933 km)
(geography_coastline#kenya#536 km)
(geography_maritime_claims_continental_shelf#kenya#200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation)
(geography_maritime_claims_exclusive_economic_zone#kenya#200 nm)
(geography_maritime_claims_territorial_sea#kenya#12 nm)
(geography_international_disputes#kenya#administrative boundary with Sudan does not coincide with international boundary; possible claim by Somalia based on unification of ethnic Somalis)
(geography_climate#kenya#varies from tropical along coast to arid in interior)
(geography_terrain#kenya#low plains rise to central highlands bisected by Great Rift Valley; fertile plateau in west)
(geography_terrain_lowest_point#kenya#Indian Ocean 0 m)
(geography_terrain_highest_point#kenya#Mount Kenya 5,199 m)
(geography_natural_resources#kenya#gold, limestone, soda ash, salt barytes, rubies, fluorspar, garnets, wildlife)
(geography_land_use_arable_land#kenya#3%)
(geography_land_use_permanent_crops#kenya#1%)
(geography_land_use_meadows_and_pastures#kenya#7%)
(geography_land_use_forest_and_woodland#kenya#4%)
(geography_land_use_other#kenya#85%)
(geography_irrigated_land#kenya#520 sq km {1989})
(geography_environment_current_issues#kenya#water pollution from urban and industrial wastes; degradation of water quality from increased use of pesticides and fertilizers; deforestation; soil erosion; desertification; poaching)
(geography_environment_natural_hazards#kenya#NA)
(geography_environment_international_agreements#kenya#party to - Biodiversity, Climate Change, Endangered Species, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands; signed, but not ratified - Desertification)
(geography_geographic_note#kenya#the Kenyan Highlands comprise one of the most successful agricultural production regions in Africa; glaciers on Mt. Kenya; unique physiography supports abundant and varied wildlife of scientific and economic value)
(people_population#kenya#28,176,686 {July 1996 est.})
(people_age_structure_0-14_years#kenya#45% {male 6,362,160; female 6,226,333})
(people_age_structure_15-64_years#kenya#53% {male 7,413,876; female 7,448,733})
(people_age_structure_65_years_and_over#kenya#2% {male 328,649; female 396,935} {July 1996 est.})
(people_population_growth_rate#kenya#2.27% {1996 est.})
(people_birth_rate#kenya#33.38 births/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_death_rate#kenya#10.3 deaths/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_net_migration_rate#kenya#-0.35 migrant{s}/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_sex_ratio_at_birth#kenya#1.03 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_under_15_years#kenya#1.02 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_15-64_years#kenya#1 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_65_years_and_over#kenya#0.83 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_all_ages#kenya#1 male{s}/female {1996 est.})
(people_infant_mortality_rate#kenya#55.3 deaths/1,000 live births {1996 est.})
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_total_population#kenya#55.61 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_male#kenya#55.53 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_female#kenya#55.69 years {1996 est.})
(people_total_fertility_rate#kenya#4.45 children born/woman {1996 est.})
(people_nationality_noun#kenya#Kenyan{s})
(people_nationality_adjective#kenya#Kenyan)
(people_ethnic_divisions#kenya#Kikuyu 22%, Luhya 14%, Luo 13%, Kalenjin 12%, Kamba 11%, Kisii 6%, Meru 6%, Asian, European, and Arab 1%, other 15%)
(people_religions#kenya#Protestant {including Anglican} 38%, Roman Catholic 28%, indigenous beliefs 26%, other 8%)
(people_languages#kenya#English {official}, Swahili {official}, numerous indigenous languages)
(people_literacy#kenya#age 15 and over can read and write {1995 est.})
(people_literacy_total_population#kenya#78.1%)
(people_literacy_male#kenya#86.3%)
(people_literacy_female#kenya#70%)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_long_form#kenya#Republic of Kenya)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_short_form#kenya#Kenya)
(government_name_of_country_former#kenya#British East Africa)
(government_data_code#kenya#KE)
(government_type_of_government#kenya#republic)
(government_capital#kenya#Nairobi)
(government_administrative_divisions#kenya#7 provinces and 1 area*; Central, Coast, Eastern, Nairobi Area*, North Eastern, Nyanza, Rift Valley, Western)
(government_independence#kenya#12 December 1963 {from UK})
(government_national_holiday#kenya#Independence Day, 12 December {1963})
(government_constitution#kenya#12 December 1963, amended as a republic 1964; reissued with amendments 1979, 1983, 1986, 1988, 1991, and 1992)
(government_legal_system#kenya#based on English common law, tribal law, and Islamic law; judicial review in High Court; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations; constitutional amendment of 1982 making Kenya a de jure one-party state repealed in 1991)
(government_suffrage#kenya#18 years of age; universal)
(government_executive_branch_chief_of_state_and_head_of_government#kenya#President Daniel Toroitich arap MOI {since 14 October 1978} elected for a five-year term from the National Assembly by direct popular vote; election last held 29 December 1992 {next to be held by early 1998}; results - President Daniel T. arap MOI was reelected with 37% of the vote; Kenneth MATIBA {FORD-ASILI} 26%; Mwai KIBAKI {DP} 19%, Oginga ODINGA {FORD-Kenya} 17%; Vice President George SAITOTI {since 10 May 1989} was appointed by the president)
(government_executive_branch_cabinet#kenya#Cabinet appointed by the president)
(government_legislative_branch#kenya#unicameral)
(government_national_assembly_{bunge}#kenya#election last held 29 December 1992 {next to be held NA}; results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - {188 total} KANU 100, FORD-Kenya 31, FORD-Asili 31, DP 23, smaller parties 3; president nominates 12 additional members; note - as of 9 April 1996 seat distribution was: KANU 106, FORD-Kenya 32, FORD-Asili 22, DP 22, smaller parties and vacancies 6)
(government_national_assembly_{bunge}_note#kenya#first multiparty election since repeal of one-party state law in 1991)
(government_judicial_branch#kenya#Court of Appeal; High Court)
(government_political_parties_and_leaders#kenya#ruling party is Kenya African National Union {KANU}, President Daniel Toroitich arap MOI; opposition parties include Forum for the Restoration of Democracy {FORD-Kenya}, Michael WAMALWA; Forum for the Restoration of Democracy {FORD-Asili}, Kenneth MATIBA; Democratic Party of Kenya {DP}, Mwai KIBAKI)
(government_other_political_or_pressure_groups#kenya#labor unions; Roman Catholic Church; unregistered SAFINA party with which prominent naturalist Richard Leakey is associated)
(government_international_organization_participation#kenya#ACP, C, CCC, EADB, ECA, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IGADD, ILO, IMF, IMO, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, MINURSO, NAM, OAU, UN, UNAVEM III, UNCRO, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNIKOM, UNOMIL, UNPREDEP, UNPROFOR, UNU, UPU, WCL, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_chief_of_mission#kenya#Ambassador Benjamin Edgar KIPKORIR)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_chancery#kenya#2249 R Street NW, Washington, DC 20008)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_telephone#kenya#[1] {202} 387-6101)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_fax#kenya#[1] {202} 462-3829)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_consulate{s}_general#kenya#Los Angeles and New York)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_chief_of_mission#kenya#Ambassador Aurelia E. BRAZEAL)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_embassy#kenya#corner of Moi Avenue and Haile Selassie Avenue, Nairobi)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_mailing_address#kenya#P. O. Box 30137, Unit 64100, APO AE 09831)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_telephone#kenya#[254] {2} 334141)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_fax#kenya#[254] {2} 340838)
(government_flag#kenya#three equal horizontal bands of black {top}, red, and green; the red band is edged in white; a large warrior's shield covering crossed spears is superimposed at the center)
(economy_economic_overview#kenya#Kenya in recent years has had one of the highest natural rates of growth in population, but the statistics have been complicated by the large-scale movement of nomadic groups and of Somalis back and forth across the border. Population growth has been accompanied by deforestation, deterioration in the road system, the water supply, and other parts of the infrastructure. In industry and services, Nairobi's reluctance to embrace IMF-supported reforms had held back investment and growth in 1991-93. Nairobi's push on economic reform in 1994, however, helped support a 3.3% increase in output. The strong economy continued into 1995 with inflation cut sharply and GDP growth at 5%.)
(economy_gdp#kenya#purchasing power parity - $36.8 billion {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_real_growth_rate#kenya#5% {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_per_capita#kenya#$1,300 {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_agriculture#kenya#27%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_industry#kenya#19%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_services#kenya#54% {1992 est.})
(economy_inflation_rate_{consumer_prices}#kenya#1.7% {1995 est.})
(economy_labor_force_by_occupation#kenya#agriculture 75%-80% {1993 est.}, non-agriculture 20%-25% {1993 est.})
(economy_unemployment_rate#kenya#35% urban {1994 est.})
(economy_budget_revenues#kenya#$2.4 billion)
(economy_budget_expenditures#kenya#$2.8 billion, including capital expenditures of $740 million {1990 est.})
(economy_industries#kenya#small-scale consumer goods {plastic, furniture, batteries, textiles, soap, cigarettes, flour}, agricultural processing; oil refining, cement; tourism)
(economy_industrial_production_growth_rate#kenya#NA%)
(economy_electricity_capacity#kenya#810,000 kW)
(economy_electricity_production#kenya#3.3 billion kWh)
(economy_electricity_consumption_per_capita#kenya#117 kWh {1993})
(economy_agriculture#kenya#coffee, tea, corn, wheat, sugarcane, fruit, vegetables; dairy products, beef, pork, poultry, eggs)
(economy_illicit_drugs#kenya#widespread harvesting of small, wild plots of marijuana and qat {chat}; most locally consumed; transit country for Southwest Asian heroin moving to West Africa and onward to Europe and North America; Indian methaqualone also transits on way to South Africa)
(economy_exports#kenya#$1.6 billion {f.o.b., 1994})
(economy_exports_commodities#kenya#tea 25%, coffee 18%, petroleum products 11% {1990})
(economy_exports_partners#kenya#EC 47%, Africa 23%, Asia 11%, US 4%, Middle East 3% {1991})
(economy_imports#kenya#$2.2 billion {f.o.b., 1994})
(economy_imports_commodities#kenya#machinery and transportation equipment 29%, petroleum and petroleum products 15%, iron and steel 7%, raw materials, food and consumer goods {1989})
(economy_imports_partners#kenya#EC 46%, Asia 23%, Middle East 20%, US 5% {1991})
(economy_external_debt#kenya#$7 billion {1994 est.})
(economy_economic_aid_recipient#kenya#ODA, $589 million {1993})
(economy_currency#kenya#1 Kenyan shilling {KSh} = 100 cents)
(economy_exchange_rates#kenya#Kenyan shillings {KSh} per US$1 - 56.715 {January 1996}, 51.430 {1995}, 56.051 {1994}, 58.001 {1993}, 32.217 {1992}, 27.508 {1991})
(economy_fiscal_year#kenya#1 July - 30 June)
(transportation_railways_total#kenya#2,652 km)
(transportation_railways_narrow_gauge#kenya#2,652 km 1.000-m gauge)
(transportation_highways_total#kenya#62,573 km)
(transportation_highways_paved#kenya#8,322 km)
(transportation_highways_unpaved#kenya#54,251 km {1991 est.})
(transportation_waterways#kenya#part of Lake Victoria system is within boundaries of Kenya)
(transportation_pipelines#kenya#petroleum products 483 km)
(transportation_ports#kenya#Kisumu, Lamu, Mombasa)
(transportation_merchant_marine_total#kenya#2 ships {1,000 GRT or over} totaling 4,883 GRT/6,255 DWT)
(transportation_merchant_marine_ships_by_type#kenya#oil tanker 1, roll on/roll off 1 {1995 est.})
(transportation_airports_total#kenya#199)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_over_3,047_m#kenya#3)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_2,438_to_3,047_m#kenya#2)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_1,524_to_2,437_m#kenya#2)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_914_to_1,523_m#kenya#22)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_under_914_m#kenya#62)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_2,438_to_3,047_m#kenya#1)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_1,524_to_2,437_m#kenya#12)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_914_to_1,523_m#kenya#95 {1995 est.})
(communications_telephones#kenya#357,251 {1989 est.})
(communications_telephone_system#kenya#in top group of African systems)
(communications_telephone_system_domestic#kenya#primarily microwave radio relay)
(communications_telephone_system_international#kenya#satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat {1 Atlantic Ocean and 1 Indian Ocean})
(communications_radio_broadcast_stations#kenya#AM 16, FM 4, shortwave 0)
(communications_radios#kenya#NA)
(communications_television_broadcast_stations#kenya#6)
(communications_televisions#kenya#260,000 {1993 est.})
(defense_branches#kenya#Army, Navy, Air Force, paramilitary General Service Unit of the Police)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_age_15-49#kenya#6,657,530)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_fit_for_military_service#kenya#4,114,416 {1996 est.})
(defense_defense_expenditures#kenya#exchange rate conversion - $136 million, 1.9% of GDP {FY93/94})
(header_affiliation#kingman_reef#{territory of the US})
(geography_location#kingman_reef#Oceania, reef in the North Pacific Ocean, about one-half of the way from Hawaii to American Samoa)
(geography_geographic_coordinates#kingman_reef#6 24 N, 162 24 W)
(geography_map_references#kingman_reef#Oceania)
(geography_area_total_area#kingman_reef#1 sq km)
(geography_area_land_area#kingman_reef#1 sq km)
(geography_area_comparative_area#kingman_reef#about 1.7 times the size of The Mall in Washington, DC)
(geography_land_boundaries#kingman_reef#0 km)
(geography_coastline#kingman_reef#3 km)
(geography_maritime_claims_exclusive_economic_zone#kingman_reef#200 nm)
(geography_maritime_claims_territorial_sea#kingman_reef#12 nm)
(geography_international_disputes#kingman_reef#none)
(geography_climate#kingman_reef#tropical, but moderated by prevailing winds)
(geography_terrain#kingman_reef#low and nearly level)
(geography_terrain_lowest_point#kingman_reef#Pacific Ocean 0 m)
(geography_terrain_highest_point#kingman_reef#unnamed location 1 m)
(geography_natural_resources#kingman_reef#none)
(geography_land_use_arable_land#kingman_reef#0%)
(geography_land_use_permanent_crops#kingman_reef#0%)
(geography_land_use_meadows_and_pastures#kingman_reef#0%)
(geography_land_use_forest_and_woodland#kingman_reef#0%)
(geography_land_use_other#kingman_reef#100%)
(geography_irrigated_land#kingman_reef#0 sq km)
(geography_environment_current_issues#kingman_reef#NA)
(geography_environment_natural_hazards#kingman_reef#wet or awash most of the time, maximum elevation of about 1 meter makes Kingman Reef a maritime hazard)
(geography_environment_international_agreements#kingman_reef#NA)
(geography_geographic_note#kingman_reef#barren coral atoll with deep interior lagoon; closed to the public)
(people_population#kingman_reef#uninhabited)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_long_form#kingman_reef#none)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_short_form#kingman_reef#Kingman Reef)
(government_data_code#kingman_reef#KQ)
(government_type_of_government#kingman_reef#unincorporated territory of the US administered by the US Navy; however, it is awash the majority of the time, so it is not usable and is uninhabited)
(government_capital#kingman_reef#none; administered from Washington, DC)
(government_flag#kingman_reef#the flag of the US is used)
(economy_economic_overview#kingman_reef#no economic activity)
(transportation_ports#kingman_reef#none; offshore anchorage only)
(transportation_airports#kingman_reef#lagoon was used as a halfway station between Hawaii and American Samoa by Pan American Airways for flying boats in 1937 and 1938)
(defense_defense_note#kingman_reef#defense is the responsibility of the US)
(geography_location#kiribati#Oceania, group of islands in the Pacific Ocean, straddling the equator and the International Date Line, about one-half of the way from Hawaii to Australia)
(geography_geographic_coordinates#kiribati#1 25 N, 173 00 E)
(geography_map_references#kiribati#Oceania)
(geography_area_total_area#kiribati#717 sq km)
(geography_area_land_area#kiribati#717 sq km)
(geography_area_comparative_area#kiribati#four times the size of Washington, DC)
(geography_area_note#kiribati#includes three island groups - Gilbert Islands, Line Islands, Phoenix Islands)
(geography_land_boundaries#kiribati#0 km)
(geography_coastline#kiribati#1,143 km)
(geography_maritime_claims_exclusive_economic_zone#kiribati#200 nm)
(geography_maritime_claims_territorial_sea#kiribati#12 nm)
(geography_international_disputes#kiribati#none)
(geography_climate#kiribati#tropical; marine, hot and humid, moderated by trade winds)
(geography_terrain#kiribati#mostly low-lying coral atolls surrounded by extensive reefs)
(geography_terrain_lowest_point#kiribati#Pacific Ocean 0 m)
(geography_terrain_highest_point#kiribati#unnamed location on Banaba 81 m)
(geography_natural_resources#kiribati#phosphate {production discontinued in 1979})
(geography_land_use_arable_land#kiribati#0%)
(geography_land_use_permanent_crops#kiribati#51%)
(geography_land_use_meadows_and_pastures#kiribati#0%)
(geography_land_use_forest_and_woodland#kiribati#3%)
(geography_land_use_other#kiribati#46%)
(geography_irrigated_land#kiribati#NA sq km)
(geography_environment_current_issues#kiribati#heavy pollution in lagoon of south Tarawa atoll due to heavy migration mixed with traditional practices such as lagoon latrines and open-pit dumping; ground water at risk)
(geography_environment_natural_hazards#kiribati#typhoons can occur any time, but usually November to March; occasional tornadoes)
(geography_environment_international_agreements#kiribati#party to - Biodiversity, Climate Change, Endangered Species, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Whaling)
(geography_geographic_note#kiribati#20 of the 33 islands are inhabited; Banaba {Ocean Island} in Kiribati is one of the three great phosphate rock islands in the Pacific Ocean - the others are Makatea in French Polynesia and Nauru)
(people_population#kiribati#80,919 {July 1996 est.})
(people_age_structure_0-14_years#kiribati#NA)
(people_age_structure_15-64_years#kiribati#NA)
(people_age_structure_65_years_and_over#kiribati#NA)
(people_population_growth_rate#kiribati#1.89% {1996 est.})
(people_birth_rate#kiribati#27.13 births/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_death_rate#kiribati#7.9 deaths/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_net_migration_rate#kiribati#-0.31 migrant{s}/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_sex_ratio_at_birth#kiribati#NA male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_under_15_years#kiribati#NA male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_15-64_years#kiribati#NA male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_65_years_and_over#kiribati#NA male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_all_ages#kiribati#NA male{s}/female)
(people_infant_mortality_rate#kiribati#52.9 deaths/1,000 live births {1996 est.})
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_total_population#kiribati#62.02 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_male#kiribati#60.25 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_female#kiribati#64.03 years {1996 est.})
(people_total_fertility_rate#kiribati#3.21 children born/woman {1996 est.})
(people_nationality_noun#kiribati#I-Kiribati {singular and plural})
(people_nationality_adjective#kiribati#I-Kiribati)
(people_ethnic_divisions#kiribati#Micronesian)
(people_religions#kiribati#Roman Catholic 52.6%, Protestant {Congregational} 40.9%, Seventh-Day Adventist, Baha'i, Church of God, Mormon 6% {1985})
(people_languages#kiribati#English {official}, Gilbertese)
(people_literacy#kiribati#NA)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_long_form#kiribati#Republic of Kiribati)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_short_form#kiribati#Kiribati)
(government_name_of_country_note#kiribati#pronounced kiribas)
(government_name_of_country_former#kiribati#Gilbert Islands)
(government_data_code#kiribati#KR)
(government_type_of_government#kiribati#republic)
(government_capital#kiribati#Tarawa)
(government_administrative_divisions#kiribati#3 units; Gilbert Islands, Line Islands, Phoenix Islands)
(government_administrative_divisions_note#kiribati#in addition, there are 6 districts {Banaba, Central Gilberts, Line Islands, Northern Gilberts, Southern Gilberts, Tarawa} and 21 island councils {Abaiang, Abemama, Aranuka, Arorae, Banaba, Beru, Butaritari, Kanton, Kiritimati, Kuria, Maiana, Makin, Marakei, Nikunau, Nonouti, Onotoa, Tabiteuea, Tabuaeran, Tamana, Tarawa, Teraina; note - one council for each of the inhabited islands})
(government_independence#kiribati#12 July 1979 {from UK})
(government_national_holiday#kiribati#Independence Day, 12 July {1979})
(government_constitution#kiribati#12 July 1979)
(government_legal_system#kiribati#NA)
(government_suffrage#kiribati#18 years of age; universal)
(government_executive_branch_chief_of_state_and_head_of_government#kiribati#President {Beretitenti} Teburoro TITO {since 1 October 1994} was elected by popular vote; note - the House of Assembly chooses the presidential candidates from among their members and then those candidates compete in a general election; election last held 30 September 1994 {next to be held by NA 1999}; results - Teburoro TITO 51.2%, Tewareka TENTOA 18.3%, Roniti TEIWAKI 16.0%, Peter Taberannang TIMEON 14.5%; Vice President {Kauoman-ni-Beretitenti} Tewareka TENTOA {since 12 October 1994} was appointed by the president)
(government_executive_branch_cabinet#kiribati#Cabinet was appointed by the president from among the members of the House of Assembly)
(government_legislative_branch#kiribati#unicameral)
(government_house_of_assembly_{maneaba_ni_maungatabu}#kiribati#elections last held 22 July 1994 {next to be held by NA 1999}; results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - {40 total, 39 elected} Maneaban Te Mauri 13, National Progressive Party 7, independents 19)
(government_judicial_branch#kiribati#Court of Appeal, judges at all levels are appointed by the president; High Court, judges at all levels are appointed by the president)
(government_political_parties_and_leaders#kiribati#National Progressive Party, Teatao TEANNAKI; Christian Democratic Party, Teburoro TITO; New Movement Party, leader NA; Liberal Party, Tewareka TENTOA; Maneaban Te Mauri Party, Roniti TEIWAKI)
(government_political_parties_and_leaders_note#kiribati#there is no tradition of formally organized political parties in Kiribati; they more closely resemble factions or interest groups because they have no party headquarters, formal platforms, or party structures)
(government_international_organization_participation#kiribati#ACP, AsDB, C, ESCAP, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, IDA, IFC, IMF, Intelsat {nonsignatory user}, Interpol, ITU, Sparteca, SPC, SPF, UNESCO, UPU, WHO)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us#kiribati#Kiribati does not have an embassy in the US)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation#kiribati#the US does not have an embassy in Kiribati; the ambassador to Fiji is accredited to Kiribati)
(government_flag#kiribati#the upper half is red with a yellow frigate bird flying over a yellow rising sun, and the lower half is blue with three horizontal wavy white stripes to represent the ocean)
(economy_economic_overview#kiribati#A remote country of 33 scattered coral atolls, Kiribati has few national resources. Commercially viable phosphate deposits were exhausted at the time of independence in 1979. Copra and fish now represent the bulk of production and exports. The economy has fluctuated widely in recent years. Real GDP growth has declined from about 10% in 1988 to about 2.6% in 1995. Economic development is constrained by a shortage of skilled workers, weak infrastructure, and remoteness from international markets. The financial sector is at an early stage of development. Foreign financial aid, largely from the UK and Japan, is a critical supplement to GDP, equal in amount to 25%-50% of GDP in recent years.)
(economy_gdp#kiribati#purchasing power parity - $68 million {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_real_growth_rate#kiribati#2.6% {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_per_capita#kiribati#$860 {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_agriculture#kiribati#NA%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_industry#kiribati#NA%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_services#kiribati#NA%)
(economy_inflation_rate_{consumer_prices}#kiribati#5.5% {1994 est.})
(economy_labor_force#kiribati#7,870 economically active, not including subsistence farmers {1985 est.})
(economy_unemployment_rate#kiribati#2%; underemployment 70% {1992 est.})
(economy_budget_revenues#kiribati#$32.5 million)
(economy_budget_expenditures#kiribati#$54.3 million, including capital expenditures of $NA {1995 est.})
(economy_industries#kiribati#fishing, handicrafts)
(economy_industrial_production_growth_rate#kiribati#0.7% {1992 est.})
(economy_electricity_capacity#kiribati#5,000 kW)
(economy_electricity_production#kiribati#13 million kWh)
(economy_electricity_consumption_per_capita#kiribati#131 kWh {1993})
(economy_agriculture#kiribati#copra, taro, breadfruit, sweet potatoes, vegetables; fish)
(economy_exports#kiribati#$6.3 million {f.o.b., 1995 est.})
(economy_exports_commodities#kiribati#copra 50%, seaweed 16%, fish 15%)
(economy_exports_partners#kiribati#Denmark, Fiji, US)
(economy_imports#kiribati#$38.6 million {c.i.f., 1995 est.})
(economy_imports_commodities#kiribati#foodstuffs, machinery and equipment, miscellaneous manufactured goods, fuel)
(economy_imports_partners#kiribati#Australia 40%, Japan 18%, Fiji 17%, NZ 6%, US 4% {1991})
(economy_external_debt#kiribati#$2 million {December 1989 est.})
(economy_economic_aid_recipient#kiribati#ODA, $NA)
(economy_currency#kiribati#1 Australian dollar {$A} = 100 cents)
(economy_exchange_rates#kiribati#Australian dollars {$A} per US$1 - 1.3477 {January 1996}, 1.3486 {1995}, 1.3667 {1994}, 1.4704 {1993}, 1.3600 {1992}, 1.2835 {1991})
(economy_fiscal_year#kiribati#NA)
(transportation_railways#kiribati#0 km)
(transportation_highways_total#kiribati#640 km {1987 est.})
(transportation_highways_paved#kiribati#NA km)
(transportation_highways_unpaved#kiribati#NA km)
(transportation_waterways#kiribati#small network of canals, totaling 5 km, in Line Islands)
(transportation_ports#kiribati#Banaba, Betio, English Harbor, Kanton)
(transportation_merchant_marine_total#kiribati#2 ships {1,000 GRT or over} totaling 3,248 GRT/4,496 DWT)
(transportation_merchant_marine_ships_by_type#kiribati#oil tanker 1, short-sea passenger 1 {1995 est.})
(transportation_airports_total#kiribati#20)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_1,524_to_2,437_m#kiribati#4)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_under_914_m#kiribati#5)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_914_to_1,523_m#kiribati#11 {1995 est.})
(communications_telephones#kiribati#1,400 {1984 est.})
(communications_telephone_system_domestic#kiribati#NA)
(communications_telephone_system_international#kiribati#satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat {Pacific Ocean})
(communications_radio_broadcast_stations#kiribati#AM 1, FM 0, shortwave 0)
(communications_radios#kiribati#15,000 {1992 est.})
(communications_television_broadcast_stations#kiribati#0 {1988 est.})
(communications_televisions#kiribati#0 {1988 est.})
(defense_branches#kiribati#no regular military forces; Police Force {carries out law enforcement functions and paramilitary duties; small police posts are on all islands})
(defense_manpower_availability_males_age_15-49#kiribati#NA)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_fit_for_military_service#kiribati#NA)
(defense_defense_expenditures#kiribati#$NA, NA% of GDP)
(geography_location#korea,_north#Eastern Asia, northern half of the Korean Peninsula bordering the Korea Bay and the Sea of Japan, between China and South Korea)
(geography_geographic_coordinates#korea,_north#40 00 N, 127 00 E)
(geography_map_references#korea,_north#Asia)
(geography_area_total_area#korea,_north#120,540 sq km)
(geography_area_land_area#korea,_north#120,410 sq km)
(geography_area_comparative_area#korea,_north#slightly smaller than Mississippi)
(geography_land_boundaries_total#korea,_north#1,673 km)
(geography_land_boundaries_border_countries#korea,_north#China 1,416 km, South Korea 238 km, Russia 19 km)
(geography_coastline#korea,_north#2,495 km)
(geography_maritime_claims_territorial_sea#korea,_north#12 nm)
(geography_maritime_claims_exclusive_economic_zone#korea,_north#200 nm)
(geography_maritime_claims_military_boundary_line#korea,_north#50 nm in the Sea of Japan and the exclusive economic zone limit in the Yellow Sea where all foreign vessels and aircraft without permission are banned)
(geography_international_disputes#korea,_north#short section of boundary with China is indefinite; Demarcation Line with South Korea)
(geography_climate#korea,_north#temperate with rainfall concentrated in summer)
(geography_terrain#korea,_north#mostly hills and mountains separated by deep, narrow valleys; coastal plains wide in west, discontinuous in east)
(geography_terrain_lowest_point#korea,_north#Sea of Japan 0 m)
(geography_terrain_highest_point#korea,_north#Paektu-san 2,744 m)
(geography_natural_resources#korea,_north#coal, lead, tungsten, zinc, graphite, magnesite, iron ore, copper, gold, pyrites, salt, fluorspar, hydropower)
(geography_land_use_arable_land#korea,_north#18%)
(geography_land_use_permanent_crops#korea,_north#1%)
(geography_land_use_meadows_and_pastures#korea,_north#0%)
(geography_land_use_forest_and_woodland#korea,_north#74%)
(geography_land_use_other#korea,_north#7%)
(geography_irrigated_land#korea,_north#14,000 sq km {1989})
(geography_environment_current_issues#korea,_north#localized air pollution attributable to inadequate industrial controls; water pollution; inadequate supplies of potable water)
(geography_environment_natural_hazards#korea,_north#late spring droughts often followed by severe flooding; occasional typhoons during the early fall)
(geography_environment_international_agreements#korea,_north#party to - Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Environmental Modification, Ship Pollution; signed, but not ratified - Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection)
(geography_geographic_note#korea,_north#strategic location bordering China, South Korea, and Russia; mountainous interior is isolated, nearly inaccessible, and sparsely populated)
(people_population#korea,_north#23,904,124 {July 1996 est.})
(people_age_structure_0-14_years#korea,_north#30% {male 3,605,972; female 3,465,038})
(people_age_structure_15-64_years#korea,_north#66% {male 7,871,783; female 7,956,935})
(people_age_structure_65_years_and_over#korea,_north#4% {male 355,284; female 649,112} {July 1996 est.})
(people_population_growth_rate#korea,_north#1.74% {1996 est.})
(people_birth_rate#korea,_north#22.86 births/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_death_rate#korea,_north#5.45 deaths/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_net_migration_rate#korea,_north#0 migrant{s}/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_sex_ratio_at_birth#korea,_north#1.05 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_under_15_years#korea,_north#1.04 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_15-64_years#korea,_north#0.99 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_65_years_and_over#korea,_north#0.55 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_all_ages#korea,_north#0.98 male{s}/female {1996 est.})
(people_infant_mortality_rate#korea,_north#25.9 deaths/1,000 live births {1996 est.})
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_total_population#korea,_north#70.32 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_male#korea,_north#67.23 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_female#korea,_north#73.57 years {1996 est.})
(people_total_fertility_rate#korea,_north#2.31 children born/woman {1996 est.})
(people_nationality_noun#korea,_north#Korean{s})
(people_nationality_adjective#korea,_north#Korean)
(people_ethnic_divisions#korea,_north#racially homogeneous)
(people_religions#korea,_north#Buddhism and Confucianism, some Christianity and syncretic Chondogyo)
(people_religions_note#korea,_north#autonomous religious activities now almost nonexistent; government-sponsored religious groups exist to provide illusion of religious freedom)
(people_languages#korea,_north#Korean)
(people_literacy#korea,_north#age 15 and over can read and write Korean {1990 est.})
(people_literacy_total_population#korea,_north#99%)
(people_literacy_male#korea,_north#99%)
(people_literacy_female#korea,_north#99%)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_long_form#korea,_north#Democratic People's Republic of Korea)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_short_form#korea,_north#North Korea)
(government_name_of_country_local_long_form#korea,_north#Choson-minjujuui-inmin-konghwaguk)
(government_name_of_country_local_short_form#korea,_north#none)
(government_name_of_country_note#korea,_north#the North Koreans generally use the term "Choson" to refer to their country)
(government_name_of_country_abbreviation#korea,_north#DPRK)
(government_data_code#korea,_north#KN)
(government_type_of_government#korea,_north#Communist state; Stalinist dictatorship)
(government_capital#korea,_north#P'yongyang)
(government_administrative_divisions#korea,_north#9 provinces {do, singular and plural} and 3 special cities* {si, singular and plural}; Chagang-do {Chagang Province}, Hamgyong-bukto {North Hamgyong Province}, Hamgyong-namdo {South Hamgyong Province}, Hwanghae-bukto {North Hwanghae Province}, Hwanghae-namdo {South Hwanghae Province}, Kaesong-si* {Kaesong City}, Kangwon-do {Kangwon Province}, Namp'o-si* {Namp'o City}, P'yongan-bukto {North P'yongan Province}, P'yongan-namdo {South P'yongan Province}, P'yongyang-si* {P'yongyang City}, Yanggang-do {Yanggang Province})
(government_independence#korea,_north#9 September 1948)
(government_independence_note#korea,_north#15 August 1945, date of independence from the Japanese and celebrated in North Korea as National Liberation Day)
(government_national_holiday#korea,_north#DPRK Foundation Day, 9 September {1948})
(government_constitution#korea,_north#adopted 1948, completely revised 27 December 1972, revised again in April 1992)
(government_legal_system#korea,_north#based on German civil law system with Japanese influences and Communist legal theory; no judicial review of legislative acts; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction)
(government_suffrage#korea,_north#17 years of age; universal)
(government_executive_branch_chief_of_state#korea,_north#KIM Chong-il [defacto]; note - President KIM Il-song was reelected without opposition 24 May 1990 and died 8 July 1994 leaving his son KIM Chong-il as designated successor; however the son has not assumed the titles that his father held and no new elections have been held or scheduled)
(government_executive_branch_head_of_government#korea,_north#Premier KANG Song-san {since NA December 1992} was elected by the Supreme People's Assembly)
(government_executive_branch_cabinet#korea,_north#State Administration Council was appointed by the Supreme People's Assembly)
(government_legislative_branch#korea,_north#unicameral)
(government_supreme_people's_assembly_{ch'oego_inmin_hoeui}#korea,_north#elections last held 7-9 April 1990 {next to be held NA}; results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - {687 total} the KWP approves a single list of candidates who are elected without opposition; minor parties hold a few seats)
(government_judicial_branch#korea,_north#Central Court, judges are elected by the Supreme People's Assembly)
(government_political_parties_and_leaders#korea,_north#major party - Korean Workers' Party {KWP}, KIM Chong-il, secretary, Central Committee; Korean Social Democratic Party, KIM Pyong-sik, chairman; Chondoist Chongu Party, YU Mi-yong, chairwoman)
(government_international_organization_participation#korea,_north#ESCAP, FAO, G-77, ICAO, ICRM, IFAD, IFRCS, IMO, Intelsat {nonsignatory user}, IOC, ISO, ITU, NAM, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us#korea,_north#none; note - North Korea has a Permanent Mission to the UN in New York, headed by PAK Kil-yon)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation#korea,_north#none)
(government_flag#korea,_north#three horizontal bands of blue {top}, red {triple width}, and blue; the red band is edged in white; on the hoist side of the red band is a white disk with a red five-pointed star)
(economy_economic_overview#korea,_north#More than 90% of this command economy is socialized; agricultural land is collectivized; and state-owned industry produces 95% of manufactured goods. State control of economic affairs is unusually tight even for a communist country because of the small size and homogeneity of the society and the strict rule of KIM Il-song in the past and now his son, KIM Chong-il. Economic growth during the period 1984-88 averaged 2%-3%, but output declined by an average of 4%-5% annually during 1989-95 because of systemic problems and disruptions in socialist-style economic relations and technological links with the former USSR and China. The leadership has insisted on maintaining its high level of military outlays from a shrinking economic pie. Moreover, a serious drawdown in inventories and critical shortages in the energy sector have led to increasing interruptions in industrial production. Abundant mineral resources and hydropower have formed the basis of industrial development since World War II. Manufacturing is centered on heavy industry, including military industry, with light industry lagging far behind. Despite the use of improved seed varieties, expansion of irrigation, and the heavy use of fertilizers, North Korea has not yet become self-sufficient in food production. Indeed, a shortage of arable lands, several years of poor harvests, and a cumbersome distribution system have resulted in chronic food shortages. The year 1995 was marked by serious summer floods that worsened an already tenuous food situation. Substantial grain shipments from Japan and South Korea offset a portion of the losses. North Korea remains far behind South Korea in economic development and living standards.)
(economy_gdp#korea,_north#purchasing power parity - $21.5 billion {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_real_growth_rate#korea,_north#-5% {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_per_capita#korea,_north#$920 {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_agriculture#korea,_north#25%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_industry#korea,_north#60%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_services#korea,_north#15% {1995 est.})
(economy_inflation_rate_{consumer_prices}#korea,_north#NA%)
(economy_labor_force#korea,_north#9.615 million)
(economy_labor_force_by_occupation#korea,_north#agricultural 36%, nonagricultural 64%)
(economy_unemployment_rate#korea,_north#NA%)
(economy_budget_revenues#korea,_north#$19.3 billion)
(economy_budget_expenditures#korea,_north#$19.3 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA {1992 est.})
(economy_industries#korea,_north#military products; machine building, electric power, chemicals; mining {coal, iron ore, magnesite, graphite, copper, zinc, lead, and precious metals}, metallurgy; textiles, food processing)
(economy_industrial_production_growth_rate#korea,_north#-7% to -9% {1992 est.})
(economy_electricity_capacity#korea,_north#9,500,000 kW)
(economy_electricity_production#korea,_north#50 billion kWh)
(economy_electricity_consumption_per_capita#korea,_north#2,053 kWh {1993})
(economy_agriculture#korea,_north#rice, corn, potatoes, soybeans, pulses; cattle, pigs, pork, eggs)
(economy_exports#korea,_north#$840 million {f.o.b., 1994 est.})
(economy_exports_commodities#korea,_north#minerals, metallurgical products, agricultural and fishery products, manufactures {including armaments})
(economy_exports_partners#korea,_north#China, Japan, South Korea, Germany, Hong Kong, Russia)
(economy_imports#korea,_north#$1.27 billion {f.o.b., 1994 est.})
(economy_imports_commodities#korea,_north#petroleum, grain, coking coal, machinery and equipment, consumer goods)
(economy_imports_partners#korea,_north#China, Japan, Hong Kong, Germany, Russia, Singapore)
(economy_external_debt#korea,_north#$8 billion {1992 est.})
(economy_economic_aid_recipient#korea,_north#ODA, $NA)
(economy_economic_aid_note#korea,_north#small amounts of grant aid from Japan and other countries)
(economy_currency#korea,_north#1 North Korean won {Wn} = 100 chon)
(economy_exchange_rates#korea,_north#North Korean won {Wn} per US$1 - 2.15 {May 1994}, 2.13 {May 1992}, 2.14 {September 1991}, 2.1 {January 1990}, 2.3 {December 1989})
(economy_fiscal_year#korea,_north#calendar year)
(transportation_railways_total#korea,_north#4,915 km)
(transportation_railways_standard_gauge#korea,_north#4,250 km 1.435-m gauge {3,397 km electrified; 159 km double track})
(transportation_railways_narrow_gauge#korea,_north#665 km 0.762-m gauge {1989})
(transportation_highways_total#korea,_north#30,000 km)
(transportation_highways_paved#korea,_north#4,500 km)
(transportation_highways_unpaved#korea,_north#25,500 km)
(transportation_waterways#korea,_north#2,253 km; mostly navigable by small craft only)
(transportation_pipelines#korea,_north#crude oil 37 km)
(transportation_ports#korea,_north#Ch'ongjin, Haeju, Hungnam {Hamhung}, Kimch'aek, Kosong, Najin, Namp'o, Sinuiju, Songnim, Sonbong {formerly Unggi}, Ungsang, Wonsan)
(transportation_merchant_marine_total#korea,_north#88 ships {1,000 GRT or over} totaling 712,480 GRT/1,140,923 DWT)
(transportation_merchant_marine_ships_by_type#korea,_north#bulk 9, cargo 71, combination bulk 1, oil tanker 3, passenger 2, passenger-cargo 1, short-sea passenger 1)
(transportation_merchant_marine_note#korea,_north#North Korea owns an additional 4 ships {1,000 GRT or over} totaling approximately 34,782 DWT operating under the registries of Hondurus and Poland {1995 est.})
(transportation_airports_total#korea,_north#49)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_over_3,047_m#korea,_north#2)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_2,438_to_3,047_m#korea,_north#15)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_1,524_to_2,437_m#korea,_north#2)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_914_to_1,523_m#korea,_north#1)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_under_914_m#korea,_north#2)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_2,438_to_3,047_m#korea,_north#4)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_1,524_to_2,437_m#korea,_north#5)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_914_to_1,523_m#korea,_north#12)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_under_914_m#korea,_north#6 {1994 est.})
(communications_telephones#korea,_north#30,000 {1990 est.})
(communications_telephone_system#korea,_north#system is believed to be available principally for government business)
(communications_telephone_system_domestic#korea,_north#NA)
(communications_telephone_system_international#korea,_north#satellite earth stations - 1 Intelsat {Indian Ocean} and 1 Intersputnik {Indian Ocean Region}; other international connections through Moscow and Beijing)
(communications_radio_broadcast_stations#korea,_north#AM 18, FM 0, shortwave 0)
(communications_radios#korea,_north#3.5 million)
(communications_television_broadcast_stations#korea,_north#11)
(communications_televisions#korea,_north#400,000 {1992 est.})
(defense_branches#korea,_north#Korean People's Army {includes Army, Navy, Air Force}, Civil Security Forces)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_age_15-49#korea,_north#6,844,035)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_fit_for_military_service#korea,_north#4,143,713)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_reach_military_age_{18}_annually#korea,_north#194,922 {1996 est.})
(defense_defense_expenditures#korea,_north#exchange rate conversion - $5 billion to $7 billion, 25% to 33% of GDP {1995 est.})
(geography_location#korea,_south#Eastern Asia, southern half of the Korean Peninsula bordering the Sea of Japan and the Yellow Sea, south of North Korea)
(geography_geographic_coordinates#korea,_south#37 00 N, 127 30 E)
(geography_map_references#korea,_south#Asia)
(geography_area_total_area#korea,_south#98,480 sq km)
(geography_area_land_area#korea,_south#98,190 sq km)
(geography_area_comparative_area#korea,_south#slightly larger than Indiana)
(geography_land_boundaries_total#korea,_south#238 km)
(geography_land_boundaries_border_country#korea,_south#North Korea 238 km)
(geography_coastline#korea,_south#2,413 km)
(geography_maritime_claims_continental_shelf#korea,_south#not specified)
(geography_maritime_claims_territorial_sea#korea,_south#12 nm; 3 nm in the Korea Strait)
(geography_international_disputes#korea,_south#Demarcation Line with North Korea; Liancourt Rocks claimed by Japan)
(geography_climate#korea,_south#temperate, with rainfall heavier in summer than winter)
(geography_terrain#korea,_south#mostly hills and mountains; wide coastal plains in west and south)
(geography_terrain_lowest_point#korea,_south#Sea of Japan 0 m)
(geography_terrain_highest_point#korea,_south#Halla-san 1,950 m)
(geography_natural_resources#korea,_south#coal, tungsten, graphite, molybdenum, lead, hydropower)
(geography_land_use_arable_land#korea,_south#21%)
(geography_land_use_permanent_crops#korea,_south#1%)
(geography_land_use_meadows_and_pastures#korea,_south#1%)
(geography_land_use_forest_and_woodland#korea,_south#67%)
(geography_land_use_other#korea,_south#10%)
(geography_irrigated_land#korea,_south#13,530 sq km {1989})
(geography_environment_current_issues#korea,_south#air pollution in large cities; water pollution from the discharge of sewage and industrial effluents; drift net fishing)
(geography_environment_natural_hazards#korea,_south#occasional typhoons bring high winds and floods; earthquakes in southwest)
(geography_environment_international_agreements#korea,_south#party to - Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94; signed, but not ratified - Desertification, Law of the Sea)
(people_population#korea,_south#45,482,291 {July 1996 est.})
(people_age_structure_0-14_years#korea,_south#23% {male 5,531,032; female 4,962,915})
(people_age_structure_15-64_years#korea,_south#71% {male 16,374,678; female 15,910,846})
(people_age_structure_65_years_and_over#korea,_south#6% {male 1,014,649; female 1,688,171} {July 1996 est.})
(people_population_growth_rate#korea,_south#1.02% {1996 est.})
(people_birth_rate#korea,_south#16.24 births/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_death_rate#korea,_south#5.66 deaths/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_net_migration_rate#korea,_south#-0.35 migrant{s}/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_sex_ratio_at_birth#korea,_south#1.14 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_under_15_years#korea,_south#1.11 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_15-64_years#korea,_south#1.03 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_65_years_and_over#korea,_south#0.6 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_all_ages#korea,_south#1.02 male{s}/female {1996 est.})
(people_infant_mortality_rate#korea,_south#8.2 deaths/1,000 live births {1996 est.})
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_total_population#korea,_south#73.26 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_male#korea,_south#69.65 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_female#korea,_south#77.39 years {1996 est.})
(people_total_fertility_rate#korea,_south#1.77 children born/woman {1996 est.})
(people_nationality_noun#korea,_south#Korean{s})
(people_nationality_adjective#korea,_south#Korean)
(people_ethnic_divisions#korea,_south#homogeneous {except for about 20,000 Chinese})
(people_religions#korea,_south#Christianity 48.6%, Buddhism 47.4%, Confucianism 3%, pervasive folk religion {shamanism}, Chondogyo {Religion of the Heavenly Way} 0.2%)
(people_languages#korea,_south#Korean, English widely taught in high school)
(people_literacy#korea,_south#age 15 and over can read and write {1995 est.})
(people_literacy_total_population#korea,_south#98%)
(people_literacy_male#korea,_south#99.3%)
(people_literacy_female#korea,_south#96.7%)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_long_form#korea,_south#Republic of Korea)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_short_form#korea,_south#South Korea)
(government_name_of_country_local_long_form#korea,_south#Taehan-min'guk)
(government_name_of_country_local_short_form#korea,_south#none)
(government_name_of_country_note#korea,_south#the South Koreans generally use the term "Hanguk" to refer to their country)
(government_name_of_country_abbreviation#korea,_south#ROK)
(government_data_code#korea,_south#KS)
(government_type_of_government#korea,_south#republic)
(government_capital#korea,_south#Seoul)
(government_administrative_divisions#korea,_south#9 provinces {do, singular and plural} and 6 special cities* {gwangyoksi, singular and plural}; Cheju-do, Cholla-bukto, Cholla-namdo, Ch'ungch'ong-bukto, Ch'ungch'ong-namdo, Inch'on-gwangyoksi*, Kangwon-do, Kwangju-gwangyoksi*, Kyonggi-do, Kyongsang-bukto, Kyongsang-namdo, Pusan-gwangyoksi*, Soul-t'ukpyolsi*, Taegu-gwangyoksi*, Taejon-gwangyoksi*)
(government_independence#korea,_south#15 August 1948)
(government_national_holiday#korea,_south#Independence Day, 15 August {1948})
(government_constitution#korea,_south#25 February 1988)
(government_legal_system#korea,_south#combines elements of continental European civil law systems, Anglo-American law, and Chinese classical thought)
(government_suffrage#korea,_south#20 years of age; universal)
(government_executive_branch_chief_of_state#korea,_south#President KIM Yong-sam {since 25 February 1993} was elected by popular vote for a five-year term; election last held 18 December 1992 {next to be held NA December 1997}; results - KIM Yong-sam {DLP} 41.9%, KIM Tae-chung {DP} 33.8%, CHONG Chu-yong {UPP} 16.3%, other 8%)
(government_executive_branch_head_of_government#korea,_south#Prime Minister YI Su-song {since 15 December 1995} was appointed by the president with the consent of the National Assembly; Deputy Prime Ministers NA Ung-pae {since 20 December 1995} and KWON O-ki {since 20 December 1995} were appointed by the president on the prime minister's recommendation)
(government_executive_branch_cabinet#korea,_south#State Council was appointed by the president on the prime minister's recommendation)
(government_legislative_branch#korea,_south#unicameral)
(government_national_assembly_{kukhoe}#korea,_south#members elected for four-year terms; elections last held 11 April 1996 {next to be held NA 2000}; results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - {299 total} NKP 139, NCNP 79, ULD 50, DP 15, independents 16)
(government_judicial_branch#korea,_south#Supreme Court, justices are appointed by the president subject to the consent of the National Assembly)
(government_political_parties_and_leaders_majority_party#korea,_south#New Korea Party {NKP}, KIM Yong-sam, president)
(government_political_parties_and_leaders_opposition#korea,_south#United Liberal Democratic Party {ULD}, KIM Chong-p'il, president; Democratic Party {DP}, KIM Won-ki, co-chairman and CHANG Ul-pyong, co-chairman; National Congress for New Politics {NCNP}, KIM Tae-chung, president)
(government_other_political_or_pressure_groups#korea,_south#Korean National Council of Churches; National Democratic Alliance of Korea; National Federation of Student Associations; National Federation of Farmers' Associations; National Council of Labor Unions; Federation of Korean Trade Unions; Korean Veterans' Association; Federation of Korean Industries; Korean Traders Association)
(government_international_organization_participation#korea,_south#AfDB, APEC, AsDB, CCC, CP, EBRD, ESCAP, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, MINURSO, OAS {observer}, OSCE {partner}, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNMOGIP, UNOMIG, UNU, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_chief_of_mission#korea,_south#Ambassador PAK Kun-u)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_chancery#korea,_south#2450 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_telephone#korea,_south#[1] {202} 939-5600, 524-9273)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_consulate{s}_general#korea,_south#Agana {Guam}, Anchorage, Atlanta, Boston, Chicago, Honolulu, Houston, Los Angeles, Miami, New York, San Francisco, and Seattle)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_chief_of_mission#korea,_south#Ambassador James T. LANEY)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_embassy#korea,_south#82 Sejong-Ro, Chongro-ku, Seoul)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_mailing_address#korea,_south#American Embassy, Unit 15550, APO AP 96205-0001)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_telephone#korea,_south#[82] {2} 397-4114)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_fax#korea,_south#[82] {2} 738-8845)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_consulate{s}#korea,_south#Pusan)
(government_flag#korea,_south#white with a red {top} and blue yin-yang symbol in the center; there is a different black trigram from the ancient I Ching {Book of Changes} in each corner of the white field)
(economy_economic_overview#korea,_south#As one of the Four Dragons of East Asia, South Korea has achieved an incredible record of growth. Three decades ago its GDP per capita was comparable with levels in the poorer countries of Africa and Asia. Today its GDP per capita is nine times India's, 14 times North Korea's, and already up with the lesser economies of the European Union. This success has been achieved by a unique combination of authoritarian government guidance of what is at bottom an essentially entrepreneurial process. The government has sponsored large-scale adoption of technology and management from Japan and other modern nations; has successfully pushed the development of export industries while encouraging the import of machinery and materials at the expense of consumer goods; and has pushed its labor force to a work effort seldom matched anywhere even in wartime. Real GDP grew by an average 10% in 1986-91, then paused to a "mere" 5% in 1992-93, only to move back up to 8% in 1994 and 9% in 1995. With a much higher standard of living and with a considerable easing of authoritarian controls, the work pace has softened. Growth rates will probably slow down over the medium term because of the exhaustion of former growth opportunities and the need to deal with pollution and the other problems of success.)
(economy_gdp#korea,_south#purchasing power parity - $590.7 billion {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_real_growth_rate#korea,_south#9% {1995})
(economy_gdp_per_capita#korea,_south#$13,000 {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_agriculture#korea,_south#8%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_industry#korea,_south#45%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_services#korea,_south#47% {1991 est.})
(economy_inflation_rate_{consumer_prices}#korea,_south#4.3% {1995 est.})
(economy_labor_force#korea,_south#20 million)
(economy_labor_force_by_occupation#korea,_south#services and other 52%, mining and manufacturing 27%, agriculture, fishing, forestry 21% {1991})
(economy_unemployment_rate#korea,_south#2% {1995 est.})
(economy_budget_revenues#korea,_south#$69 billion)
(economy_budget_expenditures#korea,_south#$67 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA {1995 est.})
(economy_industries#korea,_south#electronics, automobile production, chemicals, shipbuilding, steel, textiles, clothing, footwear, food processing)
(economy_industrial_production_growth_rate#korea,_south#12.2% {1995 est.})
(economy_electricity_capacity#korea,_south#28,750,000 kW)
(economy_electricity_production#korea,_south#165 billion kWh)
(economy_electricity_consumption_per_capita#korea,_south#2,899 kWh {1994})
(economy_agriculture#korea,_south#rice, root crops, barley, vegetables, fruit; cattle, pigs, chickens, milk, eggs; fish catch of 2.9 million metric tons, seventh largest in world)
(economy_exports#korea,_south#$125.4 billion {f.o.b., 1995})
(economy_exports_commodities#korea,_south#electronic and electrical equipment, machinery, steel, automobiles, ships; textiles, clothing, footwear; fish)
(economy_exports_partners#korea,_south#US 19%, Japan 14%, EU 13%)
(economy_imports#korea,_south#$135.1 billion {c.i.f., 1995})
(economy_imports_commodities#korea,_south#machinery, electronics and electronic equipment, oil, steel, transport equipment, textiles, organic chemicals, grains)
(economy_imports_partners#korea,_south#Japan 24%, US 22%, EU 13%)
(economy_external_debt#korea,_south#$77 billion {1995 est.})
(economy_economic_aid#korea,_south#$NA)
(economy_currency#korea,_south#1 South Korean won {W} = 100 chun {theoretical})
(economy_exchange_rates#korea,_south#South Korean won {W} per US$1 - 787.27 {January 1996}, 771.27 {1995}, 803.45 {1994}, 802.67 {1993}, 780.65 {1992}, 733.35 {1991})
(economy_fiscal_year#korea,_south#calendar year)
(transportation_railways_total#korea,_south#3,101 km)
(transportation_railways_standard_gauge#korea,_south#3,081 km 1.435-m gauge {560 km electrified})
(transportation_railways_narrow_gauge#korea,_south#20 km 0.762-m gauge)
(transportation_highways_total#korea,_south#61,296 km)
(transportation_highways_paved#korea,_south#51,918 km {including 1,550 km of expressways})
(transportation_highways_unpaved#korea,_south#9,378 km {1993})
(transportation_waterways#korea,_south#1,609 km; use restricted to small native craft)
(transportation_pipelines#korea,_south#petroleum products 455 km)
(transportation_ports#korea,_south#Chinhae, Inch'on, Kunsan, Masan, Mokp'o, Pohang, Pusan, Ulsan, Yosu)
(transportation_merchant_marine_total#korea,_south#428 ships {1,000 GRT or over} totaling 6,076,981 GRT/9,822,089 DWT)
(transportation_merchant_marine_ships_by_type#korea,_south#bulk 124, cargo 122, chemical tanker 21, combination bulk 3, combination ore/oil 1, container 59, liquefied gas tanker 12, multifunction large-load carrier 1, oil tanker 61, refrigerated cargo 13, short-sea passenger 1, vehicle carrier 10)
(transportation_merchant_marine_note#korea,_south#South Korea owns an additional 231 ships {1,000 GRT or over} totaling 10,128,506 DWT operating under the registries of Panama, Liberia, Cyprus, Malta, The Bahamas, and Thailand {1995 est.})
(transportation_airports_total#korea,_south#105)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_over_3,047_m#korea,_south#1)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_2,438_to_3,047_m#korea,_south#20)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_1,524_to_2,437_m#korea,_south#13)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_914_to_1,523_m#korea,_south#14)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_under_914_m#korea,_south#54)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_914_to_1,523_m#korea,_south#3 {1995 est.})
(transportation_heliports#korea,_south#201 {1995 est.})
(communications_telephones#korea,_south#16.6 million {1993})
(communications_telephone_system#korea,_south#excellent domestic and international services)
(communications_telephone_system_domestic#korea,_south#NA)
(communications_telephone_system_international#korea,_south#fiber-optic submarine cable to China; satellite earth stations - 3 Intelsat {2 Pacific Ocean and 1 Indian Ocean} and 1 Inmarsat {Pacific Ocean Region})
(communications_radio_broadcast_stations#korea,_south#AM 79, FM 46, shortwave 0)
(communications_radios#korea,_south#42 million {1993 est.})
(communications_television_broadcast_stations#korea,_south#256 {57 of which are 1 kW or greater} {1987 est.})
(communications_televisions#korea,_south#9.3 million {1992 est.})
(defense_branches#korea,_south#Army, Navy, Air Force, Marine Corps, National Maritime Police {Coast Guard})
(defense_manpower_availability_males_age_15-49#korea,_south#13,602,115)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_fit_for_military_service#korea,_south#8,706,545)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_reach_military_age_{18}_annually#korea,_south#398,322 {1996 est.})
(defense_defense_expenditures#korea,_south#exchange rate conversion - $17.4 billion, 3.3% of GNP {1996})
(geography_location#kuwait#Middle East, bordering the Persian Gulf, between Iraq and Saudi Arabia)
(geography_geographic_coordinates#kuwait#29 30 N, 45 45 E)
(geography_map_references#kuwait#Middle East)
(geography_area_total_area#kuwait#17,820 sq km)
(geography_area_land_area#kuwait#17,820 sq km)
(geography_area_comparative_area#kuwait#slightly smaller than New Jersey)
(geography_land_boundaries_total#kuwait#464 km)
(geography_land_boundaries_border_countries#kuwait#Iraq 242 km, Saudi Arabia 222 km)
(geography_coastline#kuwait#499 km)
(geography_maritime_claims_territorial_sea#kuwait#12 nm)
(geography_international_disputes#kuwait#in November 1994, Iraq formally accepted the UN-demarcated border with Kuwait which had been spelled out in Security Council Resolutions 687 {1991}, 773 {1993}, and 883 {1993}; this formally ends earlier claims to Kuwait and to Bubiyan and Warbah islands; ownership of Qaruh and Umm al Maradim islands disputed by Saudi Arabia)
(geography_climate#kuwait#dry desert; intensely hot summers; short, cool winters)
(geography_terrain#kuwait#flat to slightly undulating desert plain)
(geography_terrain_lowest_point#kuwait#Persian Gulf 0 m)
(geography_terrain_highest_point#kuwait#unnamed location 306 m)
(geography_natural_resources#kuwait#petroleum, fish, shrimp, natural gas)
(geography_land_use_arable_land#kuwait#0%)
(geography_land_use_permanent_crops#kuwait#0%)
(geography_land_use_meadows_and_pastures#kuwait#8%)
(geography_land_use_forest_and_woodland#kuwait#0%)
(geography_land_use_other#kuwait#92%)
(geography_irrigated_land#kuwait#20 sq km {1989 est.})
(geography_environment_current_issues#kuwait#limited natural fresh water resources; some of world's largest and most sophisticated desalination facilities provide much of the water; air and water pollution; desertification)
(geography_environment_natural_hazards#kuwait#sudden cloudbursts are common from October to April, they bring inordinate amounts of rain which can damage roads and houses; sandstorms and dust storms occur throughout the year, but are most common between March and August)
(geography_environment_international_agreements#kuwait#party to - Climate Change, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection; signed, but not ratified - Biodiversity, Desertification, Endangered Species, Marine Dumping)
(geography_geographic_note#kuwait#strategic location at head of Persian Gulf)
(people_population#kuwait#1,950,047 {July 1996 est.})
(people_age_structure_0-14_years#kuwait#33% {male 334,778; female 317,241})
(people_age_structure_15-64_years#kuwait#65% {male 757,535; female 507,064})
(people_age_structure_65_years_and_over#kuwait#2% {male 18,459; female 14,970} {July 1996 est.})
(people_population_growth_rate#kuwait#6.65% {1996 est.})
(people_population_growth_rate_note#kuwait#this rate reflects the continued post-Gulf crisis return of nationals and expatriates)
(people_birth_rate#kuwait#20.28 births/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_death_rate#kuwait#2.2 deaths/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_net_migration_rate#kuwait#48.46 migrant{s}/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_sex_ratio_at_birth#kuwait#1.05 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_under_15_years#kuwait#1.05 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_15-64_years#kuwait#1.49 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_65_years_and_over#kuwait#1.23 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_all_ages#kuwait#1.32 male{s}/female {1996 est.})
(people_infant_mortality_rate#kuwait#11.1 deaths/1,000 live births {1996 est.})
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_total_population#kuwait#75.92 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_male#kuwait#73.59 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_female#kuwait#78.38 years {1996 est.})
(people_total_fertility_rate#kuwait#2.82 children born/woman {1996 est.})
(people_nationality_noun#kuwait#Kuwaiti{s})
(people_nationality_adjective#kuwait#Kuwaiti)
(people_ethnic_divisions#kuwait#Kuwaiti 45%, other Arab 35%, South Asian 9%, Iranian 4%, other 7%)
(people_religions#kuwait#Muslim 85% {Shi'a 30%, Sunni 45%, other 10%}, Christian, Hindu, Parsi, and other 15%)
(people_languages#kuwait#Arabic {official}, English widely spoken)
(people_literacy#kuwait#age 15 and over can read and write {1995 est.})
(people_literacy_total_population#kuwait#78.6%)
(people_literacy_male#kuwait#82.2%)
(people_literacy_female#kuwait#74.9%)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_long_form#kuwait#State of Kuwait)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_short_form#kuwait#Kuwait)
(government_name_of_country_local_long_form#kuwait#Dawlat al Kuwayt)
(government_name_of_country_local_short_form#kuwait#Al Kuwayt)
(government_data_code#kuwait#KU)
(government_type_of_government#kuwait#nominal constitutional monarchy)
(government_capital#kuwait#Kuwait)
(government_administrative_divisions#kuwait#5 governorates {muhafazat, singular - muhafazah}; Al Ahmadi, Al Jahrah, Al Kuwayt, Hawalli, Al Farwaniyah)
(government_independence#kuwait#19 June 1961 {from UK})
(government_national_holiday#kuwait#National Day, 25 February {1950})
(government_constitution#kuwait#approved and promulgated 11 November 1962)
(government_legal_system#kuwait#civil law system with Islamic law significant in personal matters; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction)
(government_suffrage#kuwait#adult males who have been naturalized for 30 years or more or have resided in Kuwait since before 1920 and their male descendants at age 21)
(government_suffrage_note#kuwait#only 10% of all citizens are eligible to vote; in 1996, naturalized citizens who do not meet the pre-1920 qualification but have been naturalized for 30 years will be eligible to vote)
(government_executive_branch_chief_of_state#kuwait#Amir JABIR al-Ahmad al-Jabir Al Sabah {since 31 December 1977} is a hereditary monarch of the MUBARAK line of the ruling Sabah family)
(government_executive_branch_head_of_government#kuwait#Prime Minister and Crown Prince SAAD al-Abdallah al-Salim Al Sabah {since 8 February 1978}, First Deputy Prime Minister SABAH al-Ahmad al-Jabir Al Sabah {since 17 October 1992}, and Second Deputy Prime Minister Nasir Abdallah al-RUDAN {since NA} were appointed by the Amir)
(government_executive_branch_cabinet#kuwait#Council of Ministers was appointed by the prime minister and approved by the amir)
(government_legislative_branch#kuwait#unicameral)
(government_national_assembly_{majlis_al-umma}#kuwait#elected members serve four-year terms; elections last held 5 October 1992 {next to be held NA September 1996}; results - percent of vote NA; seats - {50 total} independents 50; note - all cabinet ministers are also ex officio members of the National Assembly)
(government_judicial_branch#kuwait#High Court of Appeal)
(government_political_parties_and_leaders#kuwait#none)
(government_other_political_or_pressure_groups#kuwait#several political groups act as de facto parties: Bedouins, merchants, Sunni and Shi'a activists, and secular leftists and nationalists)
(government_international_organization_participation#kuwait#ABEDA, AfDB, AFESD, AL, AMF, BDEAC, CAEU, CCC, ESCWA, FAO, G-77, GCC, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Inmarsat, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, ISO {correspondent}, ITU, NAM, OAPEC, OIC, OPEC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WMO, WToO, WTrO)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_chief_of_mission#kuwait#Ambassador MUHAMMAD al-Sabah al-Salim Al SABAH)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_chancery#kuwait#2940 Tilden Street NW, Washington, DC 20008)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_telephone#kuwait#[1] {202} 966-0702)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_fax#kuwait#[1] {202} 966-0517)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_chief_of_mission#kuwait#Ambassador Ryan C. CROCKER)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_embassy#kuwait#Bneid al-Gar {opposite the Kuwait International Hotel}, Kuwait City)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_mailing_address#kuwait#P.O. Box 77, SAFAT, 13001 SAFAT, Kuwait; Unit 6900, APO AE 09880-9000)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_telephone#kuwait#[965] 2424151 through 2424159)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_fax#kuwait#[965] 2442855)
(government_flag#kuwait#three equal horizontal bands of green {top}, white, and red with a black trapezoid based on the hoist side)
(economy_economic_overview#kuwait#Kuwait is a small and relatively open economy with proved crude oil reserves of about 94 billion barrels - 10% of world reserves. Kuwait has rebuilt its war-ravaged petroleum sector; its crude oil production averaged 2.0 million barrels per day in 1994. The government continues to record large fiscal deficits. Petroleum accounts for nearly half of GDP, 90% of export revenues, and 70% of government income. Kuwait lacks water and has practically no arable land, thus preventing development of agriculture. With the exception of fish, it depends almost wholly on food imports. About 75% of potable water must be distilled or imported. Because of its high per capita income, comparable with Western European incomes, Kuwait provides its citizens with extensive health, educational, and retirement benefits. Per capita military expenditures are among the highest in the world. The economy improved moderately in 1994-95, with the growth in industry and finance. The World Bank has urged Kuwait to push ahead with privatization, including in the oil industry, but the government will move slowly on this front.)
(economy_gdp#kuwait#purchasing power parity - $30.8 billion {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_real_growth_rate#kuwait#3% {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_per_capita#kuwait#$17,000 {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_agriculture#kuwait#0%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_industry#kuwait#55%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_services#kuwait#45%)
(economy_inflation_rate_{consumer_prices}#kuwait#5% {1994 est.})
(economy_labor_force#kuwait#1 million {1994 est.})
(economy_labor_force_by_occupation#kuwait#industry and agriculture 25.0%, services 25.0%, government and social services 50.0%)
(economy_labor_force_note#kuwait#80% of labor force non-Kuwaiti {1994 est.})
(economy_unemployment_rate#kuwait#NEGL% {1992 est.})
(economy_budget_revenues#kuwait#$9.7 billion)
(economy_budget_expenditures#kuwait#$14.2 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA {FY95/96 est.})
(economy_industries#kuwait#petroleum, petrochemicals, desalination, food processing, construction materials, salt, construction)
(economy_industrial_production_growth_rate#kuwait#1% {1995 est.})
(economy_electricity_capacity#kuwait#7,070,000 kW)
(economy_electricity_production#kuwait#11 billion kWh)
(economy_electricity_consumption_per_capita#kuwait#6,007 kWh {1993})
(economy_agriculture#kuwait#practically no crops; extensive fishing in territorial waters)
(economy_exports#kuwait#$11.9 billion {f.o.b., 1994})
(economy_exports_commodities#kuwait#oil)
(economy_exports_partners#kuwait#US 23%, Japan 13%, Germany 10%, UK 9%, France 8%)
(economy_imports#kuwait#$6.7 billion {f.o.b., 1994})
(economy_imports_commodities#kuwait#food, construction materials, vehicles and parts, clothing)
(economy_imports_partners#kuwait#US 14%, Japan 12%, Germany 8%, UK 7%, France 6% {1994 est.})
(economy_external_debt#kuwait#$NA)
(economy_economic_aid#kuwait#$NA)
(economy_currency#kuwait#1 Kuwaiti dinar {KD} = 1,000 fils)
(economy_exchange_rates#kuwait#Kuwaiti dinars {KD} per US$1 - 0.2993 {January 1996}, 0.2984 {1995}, 0.2976 {1994}, 0.3017 {1993}, 0.2934 {1992}, 0.2843 {1991})
(economy_fiscal_year#kuwait#1 July - 30 June)
(transportation_railways#kuwait#0 km)
(transportation_highways_total#kuwait#4,273 km)
(transportation_highways_paved#kuwait#NA km {including 280 km of expressways} {1989 est.})
(transportation_highways_unpaved#kuwait#NA km)
(transportation_pipelines#kuwait#crude oil 877 km; petroleum products 40 km; natural gas 165 km)
(transportation_ports#kuwait#Ash Shu'aybah, Ash Shuwaykh, Kuwait, Mina' 'Abd Allah, Mina' al Ahmadi, Mina' Su'ud)
(transportation_merchant_marine_total#kuwait#46 ships {1,000 GRT or over} totaling 2,053,667 GRT/3,242,305 DWT)
(transportation_merchant_marine_ships_by_type#kuwait#cargo 10, container 3, liquefied gas tanker 7, livestock carrier 4, oil tanker 21, vehicle carrier 1 {1995 est.})
(transportation_airports_total#kuwait#4)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_over_3,047_m#kuwait#3)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_2,438_to_3,047_m#kuwait#1 {1995 est.})
(transportation_heliports#kuwait#1 {1995 est.})
(communications_telephones#kuwait#548,000 {1991 est.})
(communications_telephone_system#kuwait#the civil network suffered some damage as a result of the Gulf war, but most of the telephone exchanges were left intact and, by the end of 1994, domestic and international telecommunications had been restored to normal operation; the quality of service is excellent)
(communications_telephone_system_domestic#kuwait#new telephone exchanges provide a large capacity for new subscribers; trunk traffic is carried by microwave radio relay, coaxial cable, open wire and fiber-optic cable; a cellular telephone system operates throughout Kuwait and the country is well supplied with pay telephones)
(communications_telephone_system_international#kuwait#coaxial cable and microwave radio relay to Saudi Arabia; satellite earth stations - 3 Intelsat {1 Atlantic Ocean, 2 Indian Ocean}, 1 Inmarsat {Atlantic Ocean}, and 1 Arabsat)
(communications_radio_broadcast_stations#kuwait#AM 3, FM 0, shortwave 0)
(communications_radios#kuwait#720,000 {1992 est.})
(communications_television_broadcast_stations#kuwait#3 {1986 est.})
(communications_televisions#kuwait#800,000 {1993 est.})
(defense_branches#kuwait#Army, Navy, Air Force, National Guard, Ministry of Interior Forces, Coast Guard)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_age_15-49#kuwait#658,270)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_fit_for_military_service#kuwait#391,586)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_reach_military_age_{18}_annually#kuwait#17,544 {1996 est.})
(defense_defense_expenditures#kuwait#exchange rate conversion - $3.5 billion, 12.8% of GDP {FY95/96})
(geography_location#kyrgyzstan#Central Asia, west of China)
(geography_geographic_coordinates#kyrgyzstan#41 00 N, 75 00 E)
(geography_map_references#kyrgyzstan#Commonwealth of Independent States)
(geography_area_total_area#kyrgyzstan#198,500 sq km)
(geography_area_land_area#kyrgyzstan#191,300 sq km)
(geography_area_comparative_area#kyrgyzstan#slightly smaller than South Dakota)
(geography_land_boundaries_total#kyrgyzstan#3,878 km)
(geography_land_boundaries_border_countries#kyrgyzstan#China 858 km, Kazakstan 1,051 km, Tajikistan 870 km, Uzbekistan 1,099 km)
(geography_coastline#kyrgyzstan#0 km {landlocked})
(geography_maritime_claims#kyrgyzstan#none {landlocked})
(geography_international_disputes#kyrgyzstan#territorial dispute with Tajikistan on southwestern boundary in Isfara Valley area)
(geography_climate#kyrgyzstan#dry continental to polar in high Tien Shan; subtropical in southwest {Fergana Valley}; temperate in northern foothill zone)
(geography_terrain#kyrgyzstan#peaks of Tien Shan and associated valleys and basins encompass entire nation)
(geography_terrain_lowest_point#kyrgyzstan#Kara-Daryya 132 m)
(geography_terrain_highest_point#kyrgyzstan#Jengish Chokusu 7,439 m)
(geography_natural_resources#kyrgyzstan#abundant hydroelectric potential; significant deposits of gold and rare earth metals; locally exploitable coal, oil, and natural gas; other deposits of nepheline, mercury, bismuth, lead, and zinc)
(geography_land_use_arable_land#kyrgyzstan#7%)
(geography_land_use_permanent_crops#kyrgyzstan#NEGL%)
(geography_land_use_meadows_and_pastures#kyrgyzstan#42%)
(geography_land_use_forest_and_woodland#kyrgyzstan#0%)
(geography_land_use_other#kyrgyzstan#51%)
(geography_irrigated_land#kyrgyzstan#10,320 sq km {1990})
(geography_environment_current_issues#kyrgyzstan#water pollution; many people get their water directly from contaminated streams and wells; as a result, water-borne diseases are prevalent; increasing soil salinity from faulty irrigation practices)
(geography_environment_natural_hazards#kyrgyzstan#NA)
(geography_environment_international_agreements#kyrgyzstan#NA)
(geography_geographic_note#kyrgyzstan#landlocked)
(people_population#kyrgyzstan#4,529,648 {July 1996 est.})
(people_age_structure_0-14_years#kyrgyzstan#37% {male 847,859; female 828,889})
(people_age_structure_15-64_years#kyrgyzstan#57% {male 1,263,044; female 1,312,040})
(people_age_structure_65_years_and_over#kyrgyzstan#6% {male 100,524; female 177,292} {July 1996 est.})
(people_population_growth_rate#kyrgyzstan#0.07% {1996 est.})
(people_birth_rate#kyrgyzstan#26.02 births/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_death_rate#kyrgyzstan#8.83 deaths/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_net_migration_rate#kyrgyzstan#-16.5 migrant{s}/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_sex_ratio_at_birth#kyrgyzstan#1.05 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_under_15_years#kyrgyzstan#1.02 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_15-64_years#kyrgyzstan#0.96 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_65_years_and_over#kyrgyzstan#0.57 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_all_ages#kyrgyzstan#0.95 male{s}/female {1996 est.})
(people_infant_mortality_rate#kyrgyzstan#77.8 deaths/1,000 live births {1996 est.})
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_total_population#kyrgyzstan#63.86 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_male#kyrgyzstan#59.18 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_female#kyrgyzstan#68.77 years {1996 est.})
(people_total_fertility_rate#kyrgyzstan#3.22 children born/woman {1996 est.})
(people_nationality_noun#kyrgyzstan#Kyrgyz{s})
(people_nationality_adjective#kyrgyzstan#Kyrgyz)
(people_ethnic_divisions#kyrgyzstan#Kirghiz 52.4%, Russian 21.5%, Uzbek 12.9%, Ukrainian 2.5%, German 2.4%, other 8.3%)
(people_religions#kyrgyzstan#Muslim NA%, Russian Orthodox NA%)
(people_languages#kyrgyzstan#Kirghiz {Kyrgyz} - official language, Russian - official language)
(people_languages_note#kyrgyzstan#in March 1996, the Kyrgyz legislature amended the constitution to make Russian an official language, along with Kyrgyz, in territories and work places where Russian-speaking citizens predominate)
(people_literacy#kyrgyzstan#age 15 and over can read and write {1989 est.})
(people_literacy_total_population#kyrgyzstan#97%)
(people_literacy_male#kyrgyzstan#99%)
(people_literacy_female#kyrgyzstan#96%)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_long_form#kyrgyzstan#Kyrgyz Republic)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_short_form#kyrgyzstan#Kyrgyzstan)
(government_name_of_country_local_long_form#kyrgyzstan#Kyrgyz Respublikasy)
(government_name_of_country_local_short_form#kyrgyzstan#none)
(government_name_of_country_former#kyrgyzstan#Kirghiz Soviet Socialist Republic)
(government_data_code#kyrgyzstan#KG)
(government_type_of_government#kyrgyzstan#republic)
(government_capital#kyrgyzstan#Bishkek)
(government_administrative_divisions#kyrgyzstan#6 oblasttar {singular - oblast} and 1 city* {singular - shaar}; Bishkek Shaary*, Chuy Oblasty {Bishkek}, Jalal-Abad Oblasty, Naryn Oblasty, Osh Oblasty, Talas Oblasty, Ysyk-Kol Oblasty {Karakol})
(government_administrative_divisions_note#kyrgyzstan#names in parentheses are administrative centers when name differs from oblast name)
(government_independence#kyrgyzstan#31 August 1991 {from Soviet Union})
(government_national_holiday#kyrgyzstan#National Day, 2 December; Independence Day, 31 August {1991})
(government_constitution#kyrgyzstan#adopted 5 May 1993)
(government_constitution_note#kyrgyzstan#amendment proposed by President AKAYEV and passed in a national referendum on 10 February 1996 significantly expands the powers of the president at the expense of the legislature)
(government_legal_system#kyrgyzstan#based on civil law system)
(government_suffrage#kyrgyzstan#18 years of age; universal)
(government_executive_branch_chief_of_state#kyrgyzstan#President Askar AKAYEV {since 28 October 1990} was elected for a five-year term by popular vote; elections last held 24 December 1995 {next to be held NA}; results - Askar AKAYEV won election with 75% of vote with 86% of electorate voting; note - elections were held early which gave the two opposition candidates little time to campaign; AKAYEV may have orchestrated the "deregistration" of two other candidates, one of whom was a major rival)
(government_executive_branch_head_of_government#kyrgyzstan#Prime Minister Apas JUMAGULOV {since NA December 1993} was appointed by the president and reappointed February 1996)
(government_executive_branch_cabinet#kyrgyzstan#Cabinet of Ministers was appointed by the president on the recommendation of the prime minister)
(government_legislative_branch#kyrgyzstan#bicameral Supreme Council {Zhogorku Kenesh})
(government_assembly_of_people's_representatives#kyrgyzstan#elections last held 5 February 1995 {next to be held NA 2000}; results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - {70 total} seats by party NA; note - not all the 70 seats were filled at the 5 February elections; as a result, run-off elections were held at later dates; the assembly meets twice yearly)
(government_legislative_assembly#kyrgyzstan#elections last held 5 February 1995 {next to be held NA 2000}; results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - {35 total} seats by party NA; note - not all the 35 seats were filled at the 5 February elections; as a result, run-off elections were held)
(government_legislative_assembly_note#kyrgyzstan#the legislature became bicameral for the 5 February 1995 elections)
(government_judicial_branch#kyrgyzstan#Supreme Court, judges are appointed for a 10-year term by the Zhogorku Kenesh on recommendation of the president; Constitutional Court; Higher Court of Arbitration)
(government_political_parties_and_leaders#kyrgyzstan#Social Democratic Party {SDP}; Democratic Movement of Kyrgyzstan {DDK}, Jypar JEKSHEYEV, chairman; National Unity; Communist Party of Kyrgyzstan {PCK}, Absamat MASALIYEV, chairman; Democratic Movement of Free Kyrgyzstan {ErK}, Tursunbay Bakir UULU, chairman; Republican Popular Party of Kyrgyzstan; Agrarian Party of Kyrgyzstan; Atu Meken Party, Omurbek TEKEBAYEV; ASABA)
(government_other_political_or_pressure_groups#kyrgyzstan#National Unity Democratic Movement; Peasant Party; Council of Free Trade Unions; Union of Entrepreneurs; Agrarian Party)
(government_international_organization_participation#kyrgyzstan#AsDB, CIS, EBRD, ECE, ECO, ESCAP, FAO, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, ILO, IMF, Intelsat, IOC, IOM {observer}, ITU, NACC, OIC, OSCE, PCA, PFP, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO {observer})
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_chief_of_mission#kyrgyzstan#Acting Ambassador Almas CHUKIN)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_chancery#kyrgyzstan#{temporary} Suite 706, 1511 K Street NW, Washington, DC 20005)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_telephone#kyrgyzstan#[1] {202} 347-3732)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_fax#kyrgyzstan#[1] {202} 347-3718)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_chief_of_mission#kyrgyzstan#Ambassador Eileen A. MALLOY)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_embassy#kyrgyzstan#Erkindik Prospekt #66, Bishkek 720002)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_mailing_address#kyrgyzstan#use embassy street address)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_telephone#kyrgyzstan#[7] {3312} 22-29-20, 22-27-77, 22-26-31, 22-24-73)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_fax#kyrgyzstan#[7] {3312} 22-35-51)
(government_flag#kyrgyzstan#red field with a yellow sun in the center having 40 rays representing the 40 Kirghiz tribes; on the obverse side the rays run counterclockwise, on the reverse, clockwise; in the center of the sun is a red ring crossed by two sets of three lines, a stylized representation of the roof of the traditional Kirghiz yurt)
(economy_economic_overview#kyrgyzstan#Kyrgyzstan is a small, poor, mountainous country with a predominantly agricultural economy. Cotton, wool, and meat are the main agricultural products and exports. Industrial exports included gold, mercury, uranium, and hydropower. Kyrgyzstan has been one of the most progressive countries of the former Soviet Union in carrying out market reforms. Following a successful stabilization program, which has lowered inflation from 88% in 1994 to 32% for 1995, attention is turning toward stimulating growth. About half of government stock in enterprises has been sold. Drops in production have been severe since the break up of the Soviet Union, but by mid-1995 production began to level off as exports began to increase. The level of hardship for pensioners, unemployed workers, and government workers with salaries arrears continues to be very high. Foreign assistance plays a substantial role in the country's budget. In early 1996, the economy apparently is slowly beginning to restore previous levels of output.)
(economy_gdp#kyrgyzstan#purchasing power parity - $5.4 billion {1995 estimate as extrapolated from World Bank estimate for 1994})
(economy_gdp_real_growth_rate#kyrgyzstan#-6% {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_per_capita#kyrgyzstan#$1,140 {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_agriculture#kyrgyzstan#NA%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_industry#kyrgyzstan#NA%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_services#kyrgyzstan#NA%)
(economy_inflation_rate_{consumer_prices}#kyrgyzstan#32% {1995 est.})
(economy_labor_force#kyrgyzstan#1.836 million)
(economy_labor_force_by_occupation#kyrgyzstan#agriculture and forestry 38%, industry and construction 21%, other 41% {1990})
(economy_unemployment_rate#kyrgyzstan#4.8% includes officially registered unemployed; also large numbers of unregistered unemployed and underemployed workers {December 1995})
(economy_budget_revenues#kyrgyzstan#$NA)
(economy_budget_expenditures#kyrgyzstan#$NA, including capital expenditures of $NA)
(economy_industries#kyrgyzstan#small machinery, textiles, food processing, cement, shoes, sawn logs, refrigerators, furniture, electric motors, gold, rare earth metals)
(economy_industrial_production_growth_rate#kyrgyzstan#-12.5% {1995})
(economy_electricity_capacity#kyrgyzstan#3,660,000 kW)
(economy_electricity_production#kyrgyzstan#12.3 billion kWh)
(economy_electricity_consumption_per_capita#kyrgyzstan#2,500 kWh {1995 est.})
(economy_agriculture#kyrgyzstan#wool, tobacco, cotton, potatoes, vegetables, grapes, fruits and berries; sheep, goats, cattle)
(economy_illicit_drugs#kyrgyzstan#illicit cultivator of cannabis and opium poppy; mostly for CIS consumption; government eradication program; used as transshipment point for illicit drugs to Western Europe and North America from Southwest Asia)
(economy_exports#kyrgyzstan#$380 million {1995})
(economy_exports_commodities#kyrgyzstan#cotton, wool, meat, tobacco; gold, mercury, uranium, hydropower; machinery; shoes)
(economy_exports_partners#kyrgyzstan#Russia, Ukraine, Uzbekistan, Kazakstan, Turkey, Cuba, and Germany)
(economy_imports#kyrgyzstan#$439 million {1995})
(economy_imports_commodities#kyrgyzstan#grain, lumber, industrial products, ferrous metals, fuel, machinery, textiles, footwear)
(economy_imports_partners#kyrgyzstan#Russia, Uzbekistan, Kazakstan, China, and UK)
(economy_external_debt#kyrgyzstan#$480 million {of which $115 million to Russia} {1995 est.})
(economy_economic_aid_recipient#kyrgyzstan#ODA, $56 million {1993})
(economy_economic_aid_note#kyrgyzstan#commitments, 1992-95, $1,695 million {$390 million disbursements})
(economy_currency#kyrgyzstan#introduced national currency, the som {10 May 1993})
(economy_exchange_rates#kyrgyzstan#soms per US$1 - 11.2 {yearend 1995}, 10.6 {yearend 1994})
(economy_fiscal_year#kyrgyzstan#calendar year)
(transportation_railways_total#kyrgyzstan#370 km in common carrier service; does not include industrial lines)
(transportation_railways_broad_gauge#kyrgyzstan#370 km 1.520-m gauge {1990})
(transportation_highways_total#kyrgyzstan#28,400 km)
(transportation_highways_paved#kyrgyzstan#22,400 km)
(transportation_highways_unpaved#kyrgyzstan#6,000 km {1990})
(transportation_pipelines#kyrgyzstan#natural gas 200 km)
(transportation_ports#kyrgyzstan#Balykchy {Ysyk-Kol or Rybach'ye})
(transportation_airports_total#kyrgyzstan#54)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_over_3,047_m#kyrgyzstan#1)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_2,438_to_3,047_m#kyrgyzstan#3)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_1,524_to_2,437_m#kyrgyzstan#9)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_under_914_m#kyrgyzstan#1)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_1,524_to_2,437_m#kyrgyzstan#4)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_914_to_1,523_m#kyrgyzstan#4)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_under_914_m#kyrgyzstan#32 {1994 est.})
(communications_telephones#kyrgyzstan#342,000 {1991 est.})
(communications_telephone_system#kyrgyzstan#poorly developed; about 100,000 unsatisfied applications for household telephones)
(communications_telephone_system_domestic#kyrgyzstan#principally microwave radio relay)
(communications_telephone_system_international#kyrgyzstan#connections with other CIS countries by landline or microwave radio relay and with other countries by leased connections with Moscow international gateway switch and by satellite; satellite earth stations - 1 Intersputnik and 1 Intelsat)
(communications_radio_broadcast_stations#kyrgyzstan#AM NA, FM NA, shortwave NA; note -1 state-run radio broadcast station)
(communications_radios#kyrgyzstan#825,000 {radio receiver systems with multiple speakers for program diffusion 748,000})
(communications_television_broadcast_stations#kyrgyzstan#1)
(communications_television_broadcast_stations_note#kyrgyzstan#receives Turkish broadcasts)
(communications_televisions#kyrgyzstan#875,000)
(defense_branches#kyrgyzstan#Army, National Guard, Security Forces {internal and border troops}, Civil Defense)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_age_15-49#kyrgyzstan#1,096,985)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_fit_for_military_service#kyrgyzstan#890,901)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_reach_military_age_{18}_annually#kyrgyzstan#44,159 {1996 est.})
(defense_defense_expenditures#kyrgyzstan#151 million soms, NA% of GDP {1995}; note - conversion of defense expenditures into US dollars using the current exchange rate could produce misleading results)
(geography_location#laos#Southeastern Asia, northeast of Thailand)
(geography_geographic_coordinates#laos#18 00 N, 105 00 E)
(geography_map_references#laos#Southeast Asia)
(geography_area_total_area#laos#236,800 sq km)
(geography_area_land_area#laos#230,800 sq km)
(geography_area_comparative_area#laos#slightly larger than Utah)
(geography_land_boundaries_total#laos#5,083 km)
(geography_land_boundaries_border_countries#laos#Burma 235 km, Cambodia 541 km, China 423 km, Thailand 1,754 km, Vietnam 2,130 km)
(geography_coastline#laos#0 km {landlocked})
(geography_maritime_claims#laos#none {landlocked})
(geography_international_disputes#laos#boundary dispute with Thailand)
(geography_climate#laos#tropical monsoon; rainy season {May to November}; dry season {December to April})
(geography_terrain#laos#mostly rugged mountains; some plains and plateaus)
(geography_terrain_lowest_point#laos#Mekong River 70 m)
(geography_terrain_highest_point#laos#Phou Bia 2,817 m)
(geography_natural_resources#laos#timber, hydropower, gypsum, tin, gold, gemstones)
(geography_land_use_arable_land#laos#4%)
(geography_land_use_permanent_crops#laos#0%)
(geography_land_use_meadows_and_pastures#laos#3%)
(geography_land_use_forest_and_woodland#laos#58%)
(geography_land_use_other#laos#35%)
(geography_irrigated_land#laos#1,554 sq km {1992 est.})
(geography_environment_current_issues#laos#deforestation; soil erosion; a majority of the population does not have access to potable water)
(geography_environment_natural_hazards#laos#floods, droughts, and blight)
(geography_environment_international_agreements#laos#party to - Environmental Modification, Nuclear Test Ban; signed, but not ratified - Climate Change, Desertification, Law of the Sea)
(geography_geographic_note#laos#landlocked)
(people_population#laos#4,975,772 {July 1996 est.})
(people_age_structure_0-14_years#laos#45% {male 1,142,825; female 1,114,628})
(people_age_structure_15-64_years#laos#51% {male 1,237,660; female 1,316,591})
(people_age_structure_65_years_and_over#laos#4% {male 75,748; female 88,320} {July 1996 est.})
(people_population_growth_rate#laos#2.81% {1996 est.})
(people_birth_rate#laos#41.94 births/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_death_rate#laos#13.83 deaths/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_net_migration_rate#laos#0 migrant{s}/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_sex_ratio_at_birth#laos#1.05 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_under_15_years#laos#1.02 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_15-64_years#laos#0.94 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_65_years_and_over#laos#0.86 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_all_ages#laos#0.98 male{s}/female {1996 est.})
(people_infant_mortality_rate#laos#96.8 deaths/1,000 live births {1996 est.})
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_total_population#laos#52.69 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_male#laos#51.14 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_female#laos#54.31 years {1996 est.})
(people_total_fertility_rate#laos#5.87 children born/woman {1996 est.})
(people_nationality_noun#laos#Lao{s} or Laotian{s})
(people_nationality_adjective#laos#Lao or Laotian)
(people_ethnic_divisions#laos#Lao Loum {lowland} 68%, Lao Theung {upland} 22%, Lao Soung {highland} including the Hmong {"Meo"} and the Yao {Mien} 9%, ethnic Vietnamese/Chinese 1%)
(people_religions#laos#Buddhist 60%, animist and other 40%)
(people_languages#laos#Lao {official}, French, English, and various ethnic languages)
(people_literacy#laos#age 15 and over can read and write {1995 est.})
(people_literacy_total_population#laos#56.6%)
(people_literacy_male#laos#69.4%)
(people_literacy_female#laos#44.4%)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_long_form#laos#Lao People's Democratic Republic)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_short_form#laos#Laos)
(government_name_of_country_local_long_form#laos#Sathalanalat Paxathipatai Paxaxon Lao)
(government_name_of_country_local_short_form#laos#none)
(government_data_code#laos#LA)
(government_type_of_government#laos#Communist state)
(government_capital#laos#Vientiane)
(government_administrative_divisions#laos#16 provinces {khoueng, singular and plural} and 1 municipality* {kampheng nakhon, singular and plural}; Attapu, Bokeo, Bolikhamxai, Champasak, Houaphan, Khammouan, Louangnamtha, Louangphabang, Oudomxai, Phongsali, Salavan, Savannakhet, Viangchan*, Viangchan, Xaignabouli, Xekong, Xiangkhoang)
(government_independence#laos#19 July 1949 {from France})
(government_national_holiday#laos#National Day, 2 December {1975} {proclamation of the Lao People's Democratic Republic})
(government_constitution#laos#promulgated 14 August 1991)
(government_legal_system#laos#based on traditional customs, French legal norms and procedures, and Socialist practice)
(government_suffrage#laos#18 years of age; universal)
(government_executive_branch_chief_of_state#laos#President NOUHAK PHOUMSAVAN {since 25 November 1992} was elected for a five-year term by the National Assembly)
(government_executive_branch_head_of_government#laos#Prime Minister Gen. KHAMTAI SIPHANDON {since 15 August 1991} was appointed for a five-year term by the president with the approval of the National Assembly; Deputy Prime Minister KHAMPHOUI KEOBOUALAPHA {since NA})
(government_executive_branch_cabinet#laos#Council of Ministers was appointed by the president, approved by the National Assembly)
(government_legislative_branch#laos#unicameral)
(government_national_assembly#laos#members elected for five-year terms; elections last held 20 December 1992 {next to be held NA 1997}; results - percent of vote NA; seats - {85 total} LPRP 85)
(government_judicial_branch#laos#People's Supreme Court, the president of the People's Supreme Court is elected by the National Assembly on the recommendation of the National Assembly Standing Committee, the vice president of the People's Supreme Court and the judges are appointed by the National Assembly Standing Committee)
(government_political_parties_and_leaders#laos#Lao People's Revolutionary Party {LPRP}, KHAMTAI Siphandon, party president; other parties proscribed)
(government_other_political_or_pressure_groups#laos#noncommunist political groups proscribed; most opposition leaders fled the country in 1975)
(government_international_organization_participation#laos#ACCT, AsDB, ASEAN {observer}, CP, ESCAP, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Intelsat {nonsignatory user}, Interpol, IOC, ITU, Mekong Group, NAM, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO {observer})
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_chief_of_mission#laos#Ambassador HIEM PHOMMACHANH)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_chancery#laos#2222 S Street NW, Washington, DC 20008)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_telephone#laos#[1] {202} 332-6416, 6417)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_fax#laos#[1] {202} 332-4923)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_chief_of_mission#laos#Ambassador Victor L. TOMSETH)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_embassy#laos#Rue Bartholonie, B.P. 114, Vientiane)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_mailing_address#laos#American Embassy, Box V, APO AP 96546)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_telephone#laos#[856] {21} 212581, 212582, 212585)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_fax#laos#[856] {21} 212584)
(government_flag#laos#three horizontal bands of red {top}, blue {double width}, and red with a large white disk centered in the blue band)
(economy_economic_overview#laos#The government of Laos - one of the few remaining official communist states - has been decentralizing control and encouraging private enterprise since 1986. The results, starting from an extremely low base, have been striking - growth has averaged 7.5% annually since 1988. Even so, Laos is a landlocked country with a primitive infrastructure. It has no railroads, a rudimentary road system, and limited external and internal telecommunications. Electricity is available in only a few urban areas. Subsistence agriculture accounts for half of GDP and provides 80% of total employment. The predominant crop is rice. In non-drought years, Laos is self-sufficient overall in food, but each year flood, pests, and localized drought cause shortages in various parts of the country. For the foreseeable future the economy will continue to depend on aid from the IMF and other international sources; aid from the former USSR/Eastern Europe has been cut sharply. As in many developing countries, deforestation and soil erosion will hamper efforts to maintain the high rate of GDP growth.)
(economy_gdp#laos#purchasing power parity - $5.2 billion {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_real_growth_rate#laos#8% {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_per_capita#laos#$1,100 {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_agriculture#laos#50%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_industry#laos#17%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_services#laos#33% {1993})
(economy_inflation_rate_{consumer_prices}#laos#20% {1995 est.})
(economy_labor_force#laos#1 million-1.5 million)
(economy_labor_force_by_occupation#laos#agriculture 80% {1992 est.})
(economy_unemployment_rate#laos#21% {1992 est.})
(economy_budget_revenues#laos#$198 million)
(economy_budget_expenditures#laos#$351 million, including capital expenditures of $NA {1994})
(economy_industries#laos#tin and gypsum mining, timber, electric power, agricultural processing, construction)
(economy_industrial_production_growth_rate#laos#7.5% {1992 est.})
(economy_electricity_capacity#laos#260,000 kW)
(economy_electricity_production#laos#870 million kWh)
(economy_electricity_consumption_per_capita#laos#44 kWh {1993})
(economy_agriculture#laos#sweet potatoes, vegetables, corn, coffee, sugarcane, cotton; water buffalo, pigs, cattle, poultry)
(economy_illicit_drugs#laos#world's third largest opium producer {180 metric tons from nearly 20,000 hectares in 1995}; heroin producer; increasingly used as transshipment point for heroin produced in Burma; illicit producer of cannabis)
(economy_exports#laos#$278 million {f.o.b., 1994})
(economy_exports_commodities#laos#electricity, wood products, coffee, tin, garments)
(economy_exports_partners#laos#Thailand, Japan, France, Germany, Netherlands)
(economy_imports#laos#$486 million {c.i.f., 1994})
(economy_imports_commodities#laos#food, fuel oil, consumer goods, manufactures)
(economy_imports_partners#laos#Thailand, China, Japan, France, US)
(economy_external_debt#laos#$2 billion {1995 est.})
(economy_economic_aid_recipient#laos#ODA, $NA)
(economy_currency#laos#1 new kip {NK} = 100 at)
(economy_exchange_rates#laos#new kips {NK} per US$1 - 920 {1995}, 717 {1994 est.}, 720 {July 1993}, 710 {May 1992}, 710 {December 1991}, 700 {September 1990}, 576 {1989})
(economy_fiscal_year#laos#1 October - 30 September)
(transportation_railways#laos#0 km)
(transportation_highways_total#laos#14,130 km)
(transportation_highways_paved#laos#2,261 km)
(transportation_highways_unpaved#laos#11,869 km {1992 est.})
(transportation_waterways#laos#about 4,587 km, primarily Mekong and tributaries; 2,897 additional kilometers are sectionally navigable by craft drawing less than 0.5 m)
(transportation_pipelines#laos#petroleum products 136 km)
(transportation_ports#laos#none)
(transportation_merchant_marine_total#laos#1 cargo ship {1,000 GRT or over} totaling 2,370 GRT/3,000 DWT {1995 est.})
(transportation_airports#laos#39)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_over_3,047_m#laos#1)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_1,524_to_2,437_m#laos#5)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_914_to_1,523_m#laos#3)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_under_914_m#laos#16)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_1,524_to_2,437_m#laos#1)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_914_to_1,523_m#laos#13 {1995 est.})
(communications_telephones#laos#6,600 {1991 est.})
(communications_telephone_system#laos#service to general public very poor; radiotelephone communications network provides generally erratic service to government users)
(communications_telephone_system_domestic#laos#radiotelephone communications)
(communications_telephone_system_international#laos#satellite earth station - 1 Intersputnik {Indian Ocean Region})
(communications_radio_broadcast_stations#laos#AM 10, FM 0, shortwave 0)
(communications_radios#laos#560,000 {1992 est.})
(communications_television_broadcast_stations#laos#2)
(communications_televisions#laos#32,000 {1993 est.})
(defense_branches#laos#Lao People's Army {LPA; includes riverine naval and militia elements}, Air Force, National Police Department)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_age_15-49#laos#1,087,264)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_fit_for_military_service#laos#586,664)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_reach_military_age_{18}_annually#laos#53,250 {1996 est.})
(defense_defense_expenditures#laos#exchange rate conversion - $105 million, 8.1% of GDP {FY92/93})
(geography_location#latvia#Eastern Europe, bordering the Baltic Sea, between Estonia and Lithuania)
(geography_geographic_coordinates#latvia#57 00 N, 25 00 E)
(geography_map_references#latvia#Europe)
(geography_area_total_area#latvia#64,100 sq km)
(geography_area_land_area#latvia#64,100 sq km)
(geography_area_comparative_area#latvia#slightly larger than West Virginia)
(geography_land_boundaries_total#latvia#1,078 km)
(geography_land_boundaries_border_countries#latvia#Belarus 141 km, Estonia 267 km, Lithuania 453 km, Russia 217 km)
(geography_coastline#latvia#531 km)
(geography_maritime_claims_exclusive_economic_zone#latvia#200 nm)
(geography_maritime_claims_territorial_sea#latvia#12 nm)
(geography_maritime_claims_continental_shelf#latvia#200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation)
(geography_international_disputes#latvia#the Abrene/Pytalovo section of border ceded by the Latvian Soviet Socialist Republic to Russia in 1944; the maritime borders with Lithuania and Estonia)
(geography_climate#latvia#maritime; wet, moderate winters)
(geography_terrain#latvia#low plain)
(geography_terrain_lowest_point#latvia#Baltic Sea 0 m)
(geography_terrain_highest_point#latvia#Gaizinkalns 312 m)
(geography_natural_resources#latvia#minimal; amber, peat, limestone, dolomite)
(geography_land_use_arable_land#latvia#27%)
(geography_land_use_permanent_crops#latvia#0%)
(geography_land_use_meadows_and_pastures#latvia#13%)
(geography_land_use_forest_and_woodland#latvia#39%)
(geography_land_use_other#latvia#21%)
(geography_irrigated_land#latvia#160 sq km {1990})
(geography_environment_current_issues#latvia#air and water pollution because of a lack of waste conversion equipment; Gulf of Riga and Daugava River heavily polluted; contamination of soil and groundwater with chemicals and petroleum products at military bases)
(geography_environment_natural_hazards#latvia#NA)
(geography_environment_international_agreements#latvia#party to - Air Pollution, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Hazardous Wastes, Ship Pollution, Whaling; signed, but not ratified - Ozone Layer Protection)
(people_population#latvia#2,468,982 {July 1996 est.})
(people_age_structure_0-14_years#latvia#20% {male 254,664; female 244,502})
(people_age_structure_15-64_years#latvia#66% {male 775,690; female 848,128})
(people_age_structure_65_years_and_over#latvia#14% {male 108,814; female 237,184} {July 1996 est.})
(people_population_growth_rate#latvia#-1.39% {1996 est.})
(people_birth_rate#latvia#10.94 births/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_death_rate#latvia#15.19 deaths/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_net_migration_rate#latvia#-9.69 migrant{s}/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_sex_ratio_at_birth#latvia#1.05 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_under_15_years#latvia#1.04 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_15-64_years#latvia#0.92 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_65_years_and_over#latvia#0.46 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_all_ages#latvia#0.86 male{s}/female {1996 est.})
(people_infant_mortality_rate#latvia#21.2 deaths/1,000 live births {1996 est.})
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_total_population#latvia#66.91 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_male#latvia#60.84 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_female#latvia#73.27 years {1996 est.})
(people_total_fertility_rate#latvia#1.62 children born/woman {1996 est.})
(people_nationality_noun#latvia#Latvian{s})
(people_nationality_adjective#latvia#Latvian)
(people_ethnic_divisions#latvia#Latvian 51.8%, Russian 33.8%, Byelorussian 4.5%, Ukrainian 3.4%, Polish 2.3%, other 4.2%)
(people_religions#latvia#Lutheran, Roman Catholic, Russian Orthodox)
(people_languages#latvia#Lettish {official}, Lithuanian, Russian, other)
(people_literacy#latvia#age 15 and over can read and write {1989 est.})
(people_literacy_total_population#latvia#100%)
(people_literacy_male#latvia#100%)
(people_literacy_female#latvia#99%)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_long_form#latvia#Republic of Latvia)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_short_form#latvia#Latvia)
(government_name_of_country_local_long_form#latvia#Latvijas Republika)
(government_name_of_country_local_short_form#latvia#Latvija)
(government_name_of_country_former#latvia#Latvian Soviet Socialist Republic)
(government_data_code#latvia#LG)
(government_type_of_government#latvia#republic)
(government_capital#latvia#Riga)
(government_administrative_divisions#latvia#26 counties {singular - rajons} and 7 municipalities*: Aizkraukles Rajons, Aluksnes Rajons, Balvu Rajons, Bauskas Rajons, Cesu Rajons, Daugavpils*, Daugavpils Rajons, Dobeles Rajons, Gulbenes Rajons, Jekabpils Rajons, Jelgava*, Jelgavas Rajons, Jurmala*, Kraslavas Rajons, Kuldigas Rajons, Leipaja*, Liepajas Rajons, Limbazu Rajons, Ludzas Rajons, Madonas Rajons, Ogres Rajons, Preiju Rajons, Rezekne*, Rezeknes Rajons, Riga*, Rigas Rajons, Saldus Rajons, Talsu Rajons, Tukuma Rajons, Valkas Rajons, Valmieras Rajons, Ventspils*, Ventspils Rajons)
(government_independence#latvia#6 September 1991 {from Soviet Union})
(government_national_holiday#latvia#Independence Day, 18 November {1918})
(government_constitution#latvia#newly elected Parliament in 1993 restored the 1933 constitution)
(government_legal_system#latvia#based on civil law system)
(government_suffrage#latvia#18 years of age; universal)
(government_executive_branch_chief_of_state#latvia#President Guntis ULMANIS {since 7 July 1993} was elected by Parliament {Saeima} in the third round of balloting; election last held 7 July 1993 {next to be held NA June 1996})
(government_executive_branch_head_of_government#latvia#Prime Minister Andris SKELE {since 21 December 1995} was appointed by the president)
(government_executive_branch_cabinet#latvia#Council of Ministers was nominated by the prime minister and appointed by the Supreme Council)
(government_legislative_branch#latvia#unicameral)
(government_parliament_{saeima}#latvia#elections last held 30 September-1 October 1995 {next to be held NA October 1998}; results - Saimnieks 18%, LC 17%, For Latvia 16%, TB 14%, LNNK 8%, Unity 8%, LSZ/LKDS 7%, Harmony 6%, Socialist 6%; seats - {100 total} Saimnieks 18, LC 17, For Latvia 16, TB 14, LNNK 8, Unity 8, LSZ/LKDS 7, Harmony 6, Socialist 6)
(government_judicial_branch#latvia#Supreme Court, judges' appointments are confirmed by the Saeima)
(government_political_parties_and_leaders#latvia#Democratic Party "Saimnieks" {DPS}, Ziedonis CEVERS, chairman; Latvia's Way {LC}, Valdis BIRKAVS; People's Movement For Latvia, Joachim SIEGERIST; Fatherland and Freedom {TB}, Maris GRINBLATS; Latvian Unity Party {LVP}, A. KAULS; Latvian National Conservative Party {LNNK}, A. SEILE; Green Party {LSZ}, O. BATAREVSK; Latvian Farmers Union {LZS}, A. ROZENTALS; Christian Democrat Union {LKDS}, P. KLAVINS; National Harmony Party {TSP}, Janis JURKANS; Latvian Socialist Party {LSP}, F. STROGANOVS; Latvian Liberal Party {LLP}, J. DANOSS; Political Association of the Underprivileged {MPA}, B. PELSE, V. DIMANTS, J. KALNINS; Latvian Democratic Labor Party {LDDP}, J. BOJARS; Party of Russian Citizens {LKPP}, V. SOROCHIN, V. IVANOV; Popular Front of Latvia {LTF}, Uldis AUGSTKALNS; Political Union of Economists {TPA}, E. KIDE; Latvian National Democratic Party {LNDP}, A. MALINS; "Our Land" {MZ}, M. DAMBEKALNE; Anticommunist Union {PA}, P. MUCENIEKS; Latvian Social-Democratic Workers Party {LSDSP}; Party for the Defense of Latvia's Defrauded People; Latvian Independence Party {LNP}, V. KONOVALOUS)
(government_international_organization_participation#latvia#BIS, CBSS, CCC, CE, EBRD, ECE, EU {applicant}, FAO, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Intelsat {nonsignatory user}, Interpol, IOC, IOM {observer}, ITU, NACC, OSCE, PFP, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WEU {associate partner}, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTrO {applicant})
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_chief_of_mission#latvia#Ambassador Ojars Eriks KALNINS)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_chancery#latvia#4325 17th Street NW, Washington, DC 20011)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_telephone#latvia#[1] {202} 726-8213, 8214)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_fax#latvia#[1] {202} 726-6785)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_chief_of_mission#latvia#Ambassador Larry C. NAPPER)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_embassy#latvia#Raina Boulevard 7, LV-1510, Riga)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_mailing_address#latvia#PSC 78, Box R, APO AE 09723)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_telephone#latvia#[371] {2} 210-005)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_fax#latvia#[371] {2} 226-530)
(government_flag#latvia#two horizontal bands of maroon {top and bottom}, white {middle, narrower than other two bands})
(economy_economic_overview#latvia#Latvia's economic transformation to a modern market economy - rivaled only by Estonia among the former Soviet states - faltered in 1995 as a result of banking and budget crises. Latvia's largely unregulated financial sector suffered a series of bank failures, including the collapse of the country's largest commercial bank - Bank Baltija - due largely to criminal activity by the owners. The government's attempts to compensate depositors of failed banks exacerbated an existing budget shortfall; poor revenue collection and a soft treasury bill market had already caused the government to incur a larger than expected deficit early in the year. As a result of the crises, Latvia's budget deficit for 1995 was $168 million, double that originally planned. In addition, GDP growth came to a halt. The Central Bank maintained its tough monetary policies - severely limiting credits to the state, despite the budget problems - helping to keep annual inflation the lowest among the Baltic states, at about 20%. New Prime Minister SKELE wants to invigorate the privatization of industry; agriculture already is mainly in private hands.)
(economy_gdp#latvia#purchasing power parity - $14.7 billion {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_real_growth_rate#latvia#-1.5% {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_per_capita#latvia#$5,300 {1995 estimate as extrapolated from World Bank estimate for 1994})
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_agriculture#latvia#9%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_industry#latvia#31%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_services#latvia#60% {1994 est.})
(economy_inflation_rate_{consumer_prices}#latvia#20% {1995 est.})
(economy_labor_force#latvia#1.407 million)
(economy_labor_force_by_occupation#latvia#industry and construction 41%, agriculture and forestry 16%, other 43% {1990})
(economy_unemployment_rate#latvia#6.5% {1995 est.})
(economy_budget_revenues#latvia#$NA)
(economy_budget_expenditures#latvia#$NA, including capital expenditures of $NA)
(economy_industries#latvia#buses, vans, street and railroad cars, synthetic fibers, agricultural machinery, fertilizers, washing machines, radios, electronics, pharmaceuticals, processed foods, textiles; dependent on imports for energy, raw materials, and intermediate products)
(economy_industrial_production_growth_rate#latvia#-9.5% {1994 est.})
(economy_electricity_capacity#latvia#2,080,000 kW)
(economy_electricity_production#latvia#5.5 billion kWh)
(economy_electricity_consumption_per_capita#latvia#1,864 kWh {1993})
(economy_agriculture#latvia#grain, sugar beets, potatoes, vegetables; meat, milk, eggs; fish)
(economy_illicit_drugs#latvia#transshipment point for illicit drugs from Central and Southwest Asia and Latin America to Western Europe; limited producer of illicit opium; mostly for domestic consumption; also produces illicit amphetamines for export)
(economy_exports#latvia#$1.3 billion {f.o.b., 1995 est.})
(economy_exports_commodities#latvia#timber, textiles, dairy products)
(economy_exports_partners#latvia#Russia, Germany, Sweden, UK, Lithuania)
(economy_imports#latvia#$1.7 billion {c.i.f., 1995 est.})
(economy_imports_commodities#latvia#fuels, cars, chemicals)
(economy_imports_partners#latvia#Russia, Germany, Sweden, Ukraine, UK, Lithuania, Finland)
(economy_external_debt#latvia#$NA)
(economy_economic_aid_recipient#latvia#ODA, $122 million {1993})
(economy_economic_aid_note#latvia#commitments from the West and international institutions, $525 million {1992-95})
(economy_currency#latvia#1 lat = 100 cents; introduced NA March 1993)
(economy_exchange_rates#latvia#lats per US$1 - 0.544 {January 1996}, 0.528 {1995}, 0.560 {1994}, 0.675 {1993}, 0.736 {1992})
(economy_fiscal_year#latvia#calendar year)
(transportation_railways_total#latvia#2,412 km)
(transportation_railways_broad_gauge#latvia#2,379 km 1.520-m gauge {271 km electrified} {1992})
(transportation_railways_narrow_gauge#latvia#33 km 0.750-m gauge {1994})
(transportation_highways_total#latvia#66,718 km)
(transportation_highways_paved#latvia#12,076 km)
(transportation_highways_unpaved#latvia#54,642 km {1992 est.})
(transportation_waterways#latvia#300 km perennially navigable)
(transportation_pipelines#latvia#crude oil 750 km; refined products 780 km; natural gas 560 km {1992})
(transportation_ports#latvia#Daugavpils, Liepaja, Riga, Ventspils)
(transportation_merchant_marine_total#latvia#56 ships {1,000 GRT or over} totaling 519,859 GRT/678,987 DWT)
(transportation_merchant_marine_ships_by_type#latvia#cargo 7, oil tanker 24, refrigerated cargo 18, roll-on/roll-off cargo 7 {1995 est.})
(transportation_airports_total#latvia#50)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_2,438_to_3,047_m#latvia#6)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_1,524_to_2,437_m#latvia#2)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_914_to_1,523_m#latvia#1)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_under_914_m#latvia#27)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_2,438_to_3,047_m#latvia#2)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_914_to_1,523_m#latvia#2)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_under_914_m#latvia#10 {1994 est.})
(communications_telephones#latvia#660,000 {1993 est.})
(communications_telephone_system#latvia#service is better than in most of the other former Soviet republics)
(communications_telephone_system_domestic#latvia#an NMT-450 analog cellular telephone network covers 75% of Latvia's population)
(communications_telephone_system_international#latvia#international traffic carried by leased connection to the Moscow international gateway switch, through the new Ericsson digital telephone exchange in Riga, and through the Finnish cellular net; Sprint data network carries electronic mail)
(communications_radio_broadcast_stations#latvia#AM NA, FM NA, shortwave NA; note - there are 25 radio broadcast stations of unknown type)
(communications_radios#latvia#1.4 million {1993 est.})
(communications_television_broadcast_stations#latvia#30)
(communications_televisions#latvia#1.1 million {1993 est.})
(defense_branches#latvia#Ground Forces, Navy, Air and Air Defense Forces, Security Forces, Border Guard, Home Guard {Zemessardze})
(defense_manpower_availability_males_age_15-49#latvia#583,134)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_fit_for_military_service#latvia#457,067)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_reach_military_age_{18}_annually#latvia#16,180 {1996 est.})
(defense_defense_expenditures#latvia#176 million rubles, 3% to 5% of GDP {1994}; note - conversion of defense expenditures into US dollars using the prevailing exchange rate could produce misleading results)
(header_note#lebanon#Lebanon has made progress toward rebuilding its political institutions and regaining its national sovereignty since the end of the devastating 16-year civil war which began in 1975. Under the Ta'if accord - the blueprint for national reconciliation - the Lebanese have established a more equitable political system, particularly by giving Muslims a greater say in the political process. Since December 1990, the Lebanese have formed four cabinets and conducted the first legislative election in 20 years. Most of the militias have been weakened or disbanded. The Lebanese Armed Forces {LAF} has seized vast quantities of weapons used by the militias during the war and extended central government authority over about one-half of the country. Hizballah, the radical Shi'a party, retains most of its weapons. Foreign forces still occupy areas of Lebanon. Israel maintains troops in southern Lebanon and continues to support a proxy militia, The Army of South Lebanon {ASL}, along a narrow stretch of territory contiguous to its border. The ASL's enclave encompasses this self-declared security zone and about 20 kilometers north to the strategic town of Jazzin. Syria maintains about 30,000 troops in Lebanon. These troops are based mainly in Beirut, North Lebanon, and the Bekaa Valley. Syria's deployment was legitimized by the Arab League early in Lebanon's civil war and in the Ta'if accord. Citing the continued weakness of the LAF, Beirut's requests, and failure of the Lebanese Government to implement all of the constitutional reforms in the Ta'if accord, Damascus has so far refused to withdraw its troops from Beirut.)
(geography_location#lebanon#Middle East, bordering the Mediterranean Sea, between Israel and Syria)
(geography_geographic_coordinates#lebanon#33 50 N, 35 50 E)
(geography_map_references#lebanon#Middle East)
(geography_area_total_area#lebanon#10,400 sq km)
(geography_area_land_area#lebanon#10,230 sq km)
(geography_area_comparative_area#lebanon#about 0.8 times the size of Connecticut)
(geography_land_boundaries_total#lebanon#454 km)
(geography_land_boundaries_border_countries#lebanon#Israel 79 km, Syria 375 km)
(geography_coastline#lebanon#225 km)
(geography_maritime_claims_territorial_sea#lebanon#12 nm)
(geography_international_disputes#lebanon#Israeli troops in southern Lebanon since June 1982; Syrian troops in northern, central, and eastern Lebanon since October 1976)
(geography_climate#lebanon#Mediterranean; mild to cool, wet winters with hot, dry summers; Lebanon mountains experience heavy winter snows)
(geography_terrain#lebanon#narrow coastal plain; Al Biqa' {Bekaa Valley} separates Lebanon and Anti-Lebanon Mountains)
(geography_terrain_lowest_point#lebanon#Mediterranean Sea 0 m)
(geography_terrain_highest_point#lebanon#Jabal al Makmal 3,087 m)
(geography_natural_resources#lebanon#limestone, iron ore, salt, water-surplus state in a water-deficit region)
(geography_land_use_arable_land#lebanon#21%)
(geography_land_use_permanent_crops#lebanon#9%)
(geography_land_use_meadows_and_pastures#lebanon#1%)
(geography_land_use_forest_and_woodland#lebanon#8%)
(geography_land_use_other#lebanon#61%)
(geography_irrigated_land#lebanon#860 sq km {1990 est.})
(geography_environment_current_issues#lebanon#deforestation; soil erosion; desertification; air pollution in Beirut from vehicular traffic and the burning of industrial wastes; pollution of coastal waters from raw sewage and oil spills)
(geography_environment_natural_hazards#lebanon#dust storms, sandstorms)
(geography_environment_international_agreements#lebanon#party to - Biodiversity, Climate Change, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution; signed, but not ratified - Desertification, Environmental Modification, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation)
(geography_geographic_note#lebanon#Nahr al Litani only major river in Near East not crossing an international boundary; rugged terrain historically helped isolate, protect, and develop numerous factional groups based on religion, clan, and ethnicity)
(people_population#lebanon#3,776,317 {July 1996 est.})
(people_age_structure_0-14_years#lebanon#36% {male 687,631; female 662,100})
(people_age_structure_15-64_years#lebanon#59% {male 1,049,689; female 1,163,255})
(people_age_structure_65_years_and_over#lebanon#5% {male 98,406; female 115,236} {July 1996 est.})
(people_population_growth_rate#lebanon#2.16% {1996 est.})
(people_birth_rate#lebanon#27.93 births/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_death_rate#lebanon#6.35 deaths/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_net_migration_rate#lebanon#0 migrant{s}/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_sex_ratio_at_birth#lebanon#1.05 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_under_15_years#lebanon#1.04 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_15-64_years#lebanon#0.9 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_65_years_and_over#lebanon#0.85 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_all_ages#lebanon#0.95 male{s}/female {1996 est.})
(people_infant_mortality_rate#lebanon#36.7 deaths/1,000 live births {1996 est.})
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_total_population#lebanon#69.99 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_male#lebanon#67.49 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_female#lebanon#72.62 years {1996 est.})
(people_total_fertility_rate#lebanon#3.24 children born/woman {1996 est.})
(people_nationality_noun#lebanon#Lebanese {singular and plural})
(people_nationality_adjective#lebanon#Lebanese)
(people_ethnic_divisions#lebanon#Arab 95%, Armenian 4%, other 1%)
(people_religions#lebanon#Islam 70% {5 legally recognized Islamic groups - Alawite or Nusayri, Druze, Isma'ilite, Shi'a, Sunni}, Christian 30% {11 legally recognized Christian groups - 4 Orthodox Christian, 6 Catholic, 1 Protestant}, Judaism NEGL%)
(people_languages#lebanon#Arabic {official}, French {official}, Armenian, English)
(people_literacy#lebanon#age 15 and over can read and write {1995 est.})
(people_literacy_total_population#lebanon#92.4%)
(people_literacy_male#lebanon#94.7%)
(people_literacy_female#lebanon#90.3%)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_long_form#lebanon#Republic of Lebanon)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_short_form#lebanon#Lebanon)
(government_name_of_country_local_long_form#lebanon#Al Jumhuriyah al Lubnaniyah)
(government_name_of_country_local_short_form#lebanon#none)
(government_data_code#lebanon#LE)
(government_type_of_government#lebanon#republic)
(government_capital#lebanon#Beirut)
(government_administrative_divisions#lebanon#5 governorates {muhafazat, singular - muhafazah}; Al Biqa', Al Janub, Ash Shamal, Bayrut, Jabal Lubnan)
(government_independence#lebanon#22 November 1943 {from League of Nations mandate under French administration})
(government_national_holiday#lebanon#Independence Day, 22 November {1943})
(government_constitution#lebanon#23 May 1926, amended a number of times)
(government_legal_system#lebanon#mixture of Ottoman law, canon law, Napoleonic code, and civil law; no judicial review of legislative acts; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction)
(government_suffrage#lebanon#21 years of age; compulsory for all males; authorized for women at age 21 with elementary education)
(government_executive_branch_chief_of_state#lebanon#President Ilyas HARAWI {since 24 November 1989} was elected for a six-year term by the National Assembly and in 1995 the National Assembly amended the constitution to extend his term by three years; note - by custom, the president is a Maronite Christian, the prime minister is a Sunni Muslim, and the speaker of the legislature is a Shi'a Muslim)
(government_executive_branch_head_of_government#lebanon#Prime Minister Rafiq al-HARIRI {since 22 October 1992} and Deputy Prime Minister Michel al-MURR {since NA} were appointed by the president in consultation with the National Assembly)
(government_executive_branch_cabinet#lebanon#Cabinet was chosen by the prime minister in consultation with the members of the National Assembly; the current Cabinet was formed in 1995)
(government_legislative_branch#lebanon#unicameral)
(government_national_assembly_{arabic_-_majlis_alnuwab,_french_-_assemblee_nationale}#lebanon#elections last held in the summer of 1992 {next to be held NA 1996}; results - percent of vote NA; seats - {128 total, one-half Christian and one-half Muslim} independents 128)
(government_judicial_branch#lebanon#four Courts of Cassation {three courts for civil and commercial cases and one court for criminal cases})
(government_political_parties_and_leaders#lebanon#political party activity is organized along largely sectarian lines; numerous political groupings exist, consisting of individual political figures and followers motivated by religious, clan, and economic considerations)
(government_international_organization_participation#lebanon#ABEDA, ACCT, AFESD, AL, AMF, CCC, ESCWA, FAO, G-24, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, ITU, NAM, OIC, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNRWA, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_chief_of_mission#lebanon#Ambassador Riyad TABBARAH)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_chancery#lebanon#2560 28th Street NW, Washington, DC 20008)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_telephone#lebanon#[1] {202} 939-6300)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_fax#lebanon#[1] {202} 939-6324)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_consulate{s}_general#lebanon#Detroit, New York, and Los Angeles)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_chief_of_mission#lebanon#Ambassador Richard H. JONES)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_embassy#lebanon#Antelias, Beirut)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_mailing_address#lebanon#P. O. Box 70-840, Beirut; PSC 815, Box 2, FPO AE 09836-0002)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_telephone#lebanon#[961] {1} 402200, 403300, 406650, 406651, 426183, 417774, 889926)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_fax#lebanon#[961] {1} 407112)
(government_flag#lebanon#three horizontal bands of red {top}, white {double width}, and red with a green and brown cedar tree centered in the white band)
(economy_economic_overview#lebanon#The 1975-91 civil war seriously damaged Lebanon's economic infrastructure, cut national output by half, and all but ended Lebanon's position as a Middle Eastern entrepot and banking hub. Peace has enabled the central government to restore control in Beirut, begin collecting taxes, and regain access to key port and government facilities. Economic recovery has been helped by a financially sound banking system and resilient small- and medium-scale manufacturers. Family remittances, banking services, manufactured and farm exports, and international aid are the main sources of foreign exchange. In the relatively settled year of 1991, industrial production, agricultural output, and exports showed substantial gains. The rebuilding of the war-ravaged country was delayed in 1992 because of an upturn in political wrangling. In October 1992, Rafiq al-HARIRI was appointed prime minister. A billionaire entrepreneur, al-HARIRI, announced ambitious plans for Lebanon's reconstruction, which involve a substantial influx of foreign aid and investment. The economy has posted considerable gains since 1992, with GDP rebounding, inflation falling, and foreign capital inflows jumping. Signs of strain have emerged in recent years, however, as the government budget deficit has risen and grassroots economic dissatisfaction has grown. Meantime, the future fate of Lebanon and its economy is being determined largely by outside forces - in Syria, other Arab nations, Israel, and the West.)
(economy_gdp#lebanon#purchasing power parity - $18.3 billion {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_real_growth_rate#lebanon#6.5% {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_per_capita#lebanon#$4,900 {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_agriculture#lebanon#13%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_industry#lebanon#28%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_services#lebanon#59% {1995 est.})
(economy_inflation_rate_{consumer_prices}#lebanon#9% {1995 est.})
(economy_labor_force#lebanon#650,000)
(economy_labor_force_by_occupation#lebanon#services 60%, industry 28%, agriculture 12% {1990 est.})
(economy_unemployment_rate#lebanon#30% {1995 est.})
(economy_budget_revenues#lebanon#$1.4 billion)
(economy_budget_expenditures#lebanon#$3.2 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA {1994 est.})
(economy_industries#lebanon#banking, food processing, textiles, cement, oil refining, chemicals, jewelry, some metal fabricating)
(economy_industrial_production_growth_rate#lebanon#NA%)
(economy_electricity_capacity#lebanon#1,220,000 kW)
(economy_electricity_production#lebanon#2.5 billion kWh)
(economy_electricity_consumption_per_capita#lebanon#676 kWh {1993})
(economy_agriculture#lebanon#citrus, vegetables, potatoes, olives, tobacco, hemp {hashish}; sheep, goats)
(economy_illicit_drugs#lebanon#illicit producer of hashish and heroin for the international drug trade; hashish production is shipped to Western Europe, the Middle East, and North and South America; a key locus of cocaine processing and trafficking; a Lebanese/Syrian 1994 eradication campaign practically eliminated the opium crop and caused a 50% decrease in the cannabis crop)
(economy_exports#lebanon#$1 billion {f.o.b., 1995 est.})
(economy_exports_commodities#lebanon#agricultural products, chemicals, textiles, precious and semiprecious metals and jewelry, metals and metal products)
(economy_exports_partners#lebanon#Saudi Arabia 13%, Switzerland 12%, UAE 11%, Syria 9%, US 5%)
(economy_imports#lebanon#$7.3 billion {c.i.f., 1995 est.})
(economy_imports_commodities#lebanon#consumer goods, machinery and transport equipment, petroleum products)
(economy_imports_partners#lebanon#Italy 14%, France 9%, US 8%, Turkey 5%, Saudi Arabia 3%)
(economy_external_debt#lebanon#$1.2 billion {July 1995})
(economy_economic_aid_recipient#lebanon#ODA, $NA)
(economy_currency#lebanon#1 Lebanese pound {úL} = 100 piasters)
(economy_exchange_rates#lebanon#Lebanese pounds {úL} per US$1 - 1,584.0 {March 1996}, 1,621.4 {1995}, 1,680.1 {1994}, 1,741.4 {1993}, 1,712.8 {1992}, 928.2 {1991})
(economy_fiscal_year#lebanon#calendar year)
(transportation_railways_total#lebanon#222 km)
(transportation_railways_standard_gauge#lebanon#222 km 1.435-m {from Beirut to the Syrian border})
(transportation_highways_total#lebanon#7,370 km)
(transportation_highways_paved#lebanon#6,265 km)
(transportation_highways_unpaved#lebanon#1,105 km {1990 est.})
(transportation_pipelines#lebanon#crude oil 72 km {none in operation})
(transportation_ports#lebanon#Al Batrun, Al Mina, An Naqurah, Antilyas, Az Zahrani, Beirut, Jubayl, Juniyah, Shikka, Sidon, Tripoli, Tyre)
(transportation_merchant_marine_total#lebanon#58 ships {1,000 GRT or over} totaling 192,075 GRT/296,256 DWT)
(transportation_merchant_marine_ships_by_type#lebanon#bulk 4, cargo 39, chemical tanker 1, combination bulk 1, combination ore/oil 1, container 2, livestock carrier 4, refrigerated cargo 1, roll-on/roll-off cargo 2, specialized tanker 1, vehicle carrier 2 {1995 est.})
(transportation_airports_total#lebanon#7)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_over_3,047_m#lebanon#1)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_2,438_to_3,047_m#lebanon#2)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_1,524_to_2,437_m#lebanon#1)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_under_914_m#lebanon#2)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_914_to_1,523_m#lebanon#1 {1995 est.})
(communications_telephones#lebanon#150,000 {1990 est.})
(communications_telephone_system#lebanon#telecommunications system severely damaged by civil war; rebuilding still underway)
(communications_telephone_system_domestic#lebanon#primarily microwave radio relay and cable)
(communications_telephone_system_international#lebanon#satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat {1 Indian Ocean and 1 Atlantic Ocean} {erratic operations}; coaxial cable to Syria; microwave radio relay to Syria but inoperable beyond Syria to Jordan; 3 submarine coaxial cables)
(communications_radio_broadcast_stations#lebanon#AM 5, FM 3, shortwave 1)
(communications_radio_broadcast_stations_note#lebanon#more than 100 AM and FM stations are operated sporadically by various factions)
(communications_radios#lebanon#2.37 million {1992 est.})
(communications_television_broadcast_stations#lebanon#13)
(communications_televisions#lebanon#1.1 million {1993 est.})
(defense_branches#lebanon#Lebanese Armed Forces {LAF; includes Army, Navy, and Air Force})
(defense_manpower_availability_males_age_15-49#lebanon#889,517)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_fit_for_military_service#lebanon#553,538 {1996 est.})
(defense_defense_expenditures#lebanon#exchange rate conversion - $278 million, 5.5% of GDP {1994})
(geography_location#lesotho#Southern Africa, an enclave of South Africa)
(geography_geographic_coordinates#lesotho#29 30 S, 28 30 E)
(geography_map_references#lesotho#Africa)
(geography_area_total_area#lesotho#30,350 sq km)
(geography_area_land_area#lesotho#30,350 sq km)
(geography_area_comparative_area#lesotho#slightly larger than Maryland)
(geography_land_boundaries_total#lesotho#909 km)
(geography_land_boundaries_border_country#lesotho#South Africa 909 km)
(geography_coastline#lesotho#0 km {landlocked})
(geography_maritime_claims#lesotho#none {landlocked})
(geography_international_disputes#lesotho#none)
(geography_climate#lesotho#temperate; cool to cold, dry winters; hot, wet summers)
(geography_terrain#lesotho#mostly highland with plateaus, hills, and mountains)
(geography_terrain_lowest_point#lesotho#junction of the Orange and Makhaleng Rivers 1,400 m)
(geography_terrain_highest_point#lesotho#Mount Thabana Ntlenyana 3,482 m)
(geography_natural_resources#lesotho#water, agricultural and grazing land, some diamonds and other minerals)
(geography_land_use_arable_land#lesotho#10%)
(geography_land_use_permanent_crops#lesotho#0%)
(geography_land_use_meadows_and_pastures#lesotho#66%)
(geography_land_use_forest_and_woodland#lesotho#0%)
(geography_land_use_other#lesotho#24%)
(geography_irrigated_land#lesotho#NA sq km)
(geography_environment_current_issues#lesotho#population pressure forcing settlement in marginal areas results in overgrazing, severe soil erosion, soil exhaustion; desertification; Highlands Water Project will control, store, and redirect water to South Africa)
(geography_environment_natural_hazards#lesotho#periodic droughts)
(geography_environment_international_agreements#lesotho#party to - Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands; signed, but not ratified - Endangered Species, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping)
(geography_geographic_note#lesotho#landlocked; surrounded by South Africa)
(people_population#lesotho#1,970,781 {July 1996 est.})
(people_age_structure_0-14_years#lesotho#41% {male 404,733; female 402,813})
(people_age_structure_15-64_years#lesotho#54% {male 519,493; female 553,618})
(people_age_structure_65_years_and_over#lesotho#5% {male 37,237; female 52,887} {July 1996 est.})
(people_population_growth_rate#lesotho#1.9% {1996 est.})
(people_birth_rate#lesotho#32.7 births/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_death_rate#lesotho#13.74 deaths/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_net_migration_rate#lesotho#0 migrant{s}/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_sex_ratio_at_birth#lesotho#1.03 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_under_15_years#lesotho#1 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_15-64_years#lesotho#0.94 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_65_years_and_over#lesotho#0.7 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_all_ages#lesotho#0.95 male{s}/female {1996 est.})
(people_infant_mortality_rate#lesotho#81.6 deaths/1,000 live births {1996 est.})
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_total_population#lesotho#52.08 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_male#lesotho#50.08 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_female#lesotho#54.14 years {1996 est.})
(people_total_fertility_rate#lesotho#4.32 children born/woman {1996 est.})
(people_nationality_noun#lesotho#Mosotho {singular}, Basotho {plural})
(people_nationality_adjective#lesotho#Basotho)
(people_ethnic_divisions#lesotho#Sotho 99.7%, Europeans 1,600, Asians 800)
(people_religions#lesotho#Christian 80%, rest indigenous beliefs)
(people_languages#lesotho#Sesotho {southern Sotho}, English {official}, Zulu, Xhosa)
(people_literacy#lesotho#age 15 and over can read and write {1995 est.})
(people_literacy_total_population#lesotho#71.3%)
(people_literacy_male#lesotho#81.1%)
(people_literacy_female#lesotho#62.3%)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_long_form#lesotho#Kingdom of Lesotho)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_short_form#lesotho#Lesotho)
(government_name_of_country_former#lesotho#Basutoland)
(government_data_code#lesotho#LT)
(government_type_of_government#lesotho#modified constitutional monarchy)
(government_capital#lesotho#Maseru)
(government_administrative_divisions#lesotho#10 districts; Berea, Butha-Buthe, Leribe, Mafeteng, Maseru, Mohale's Hoek, Mokhotlong, Qacha's Nek, Quthing, Thaba-Tseka)
(government_independence#lesotho#4 October 1966 {from UK})
(government_national_holiday#lesotho#Independence Day, 4 October {1966})
(government_constitution#lesotho#2 April 1993)
(government_legal_system#lesotho#based on English common law and Roman-Dutch law; judicial review of legislative acts in High Court and Court of Appeal; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction)
(government_suffrage#lesotho#21 years of age; universal)
(government_executive_branch_chief_of_state#lesotho#King LETSIE III {since 7 February 1996}; the king is the former Crown Prince David Monato BERENG Seeiso and succeeded his father King MOSHOESHOE II, who died in an automobile accident on 16 January 1996; King LETSIE III formerly occupied the throne {November 1990 to February 1995} while his father was in exile)
(government_executive_branch_note#lesotho#the king is a hereditary monarch, but, under the terms of the constitution which came into effect after the March 1993 election, he has no executive or legislative powers; moreover, under traditional law the king can be elected or deposed by a majority vote of the College of Chiefs)
(government_executive_branch_head_of_government#lesotho#Prime Minister Ntsu MOKHEHLE {since 2 April 1993})
(government_executive_branch_cabinet#lesotho#Cabinet)
(government_legislative_branch#lesotho#bicameral Parliament)
(government_senate#lesotho#consists of 33 members {the 22 principal chiefs and 11 other members appointed by the ruling party})
(government_assembly#lesotho#members elected by popular vote; election last held NA March 1993 {next to be held NA}; results - percent of vote by party NA; seats {65 total} BCP 65)
(government_judicial_branch#lesotho#High Court; Court of Appeal; Magistrate's Court; customary or traditional court)
(government_political_parties_and_leaders#lesotho#Basotho National Party {BNP}, Evaristus SEKHONYANA; Basotho Congress Party {BCP}, Ntsu MOKHEHLE; National Independent Party {NIP}, A. C. MANYELI; Marematlou Freedom Party {MFP}, Vincent MALEBO; United Democratic Party, Charles MOFELI; Communist Party of Lesotho {CPL}, Jacob M. KENA)
(government_international_organization_participation#lesotho#ACP, AfDB, C, CCC, ECA, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Intelsat {nonsignatory user}, Interpol, IOC, ITU, NAM, OAU, SACU, SADC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_chief_of_mission#lesotho#Ambassador Dr. Eunice M. BULANE)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_chancery#lesotho#2511 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_telephone#lesotho#[1] {202} 797-5533 through 5536)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_fax#lesotho#[1] {202} 234-6815)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_chief_of_mission#lesotho#Ambassador Bismarck MYRICK)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_embassy#lesotho#address NA, Maseru)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_mailing_address#lesotho#P. O. Box 333, Maseru 100, Lesotho)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_telephone#lesotho#[266] 312666)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_fax#lesotho#[266] 310116)
(government_flag#lesotho#divided diagonally from the lower hoist side corner; the upper half is white bearing the brown silhouette of a large shield with crossed spear and club; the lower half is a diagonal blue band with a green triangle in the corner)
(economy_economic_overview#lesotho#Small, landlocked, and mountainous, Lesotho has no important natural resources other than water. Its economy is based on agriculture, light manufacturing, and remittances from laborers employed in South Africa {these remittances supplement domestic income by as much as 45%}. The great majority of households gain their livelihoods from subsistence farming and migrant labor; a large portion of the adult male work force is employed in South African mines. Manufacturing depends largely on farm products which support the milling, canning, leather, and jute industries. Although drought has decreased agricultural activity over the past few years, improvement of a major hydropower facility will permit the sale of water to South Africa and will support the economy's continued expansion.)
(economy_gdp#lesotho#purchasing power parity - $2.8 billion {1994 est.})
(economy_gdp_real_growth_rate#lesotho#13.5% {1994 est.})
(economy_gdp_per_capita#lesotho#$1,430 {1994 est.})
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_agriculture#lesotho#10.4%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_industry#lesotho#48.8%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_services#lesotho#40.8% {1993})
(economy_inflation_rate_{consumer_prices}#lesotho#9.5% {January 1995})
(economy_labor_force#lesotho#689,000 economically active)
(economy_labor_force_by_occupation#lesotho#86.2% of resident population engaged in subsistence agriculture; roughly 60% of the active male wage earners work in South Africa)
(economy_unemployment_rate#lesotho#substantial unemployment and underemployment)
(economy_budget_revenues#lesotho#$445 million)
(economy_budget_expenditures#lesotho#$400 million, including capital expenditures of $128 million {FY94/95 est.})
(economy_industries#lesotho#food, beverages, textiles, handicrafts; construction; tourism)
(economy_industrial_production_growth_rate#lesotho#12.5% {1994 est.})
(economy_electricity#lesotho#power supplied by South Africa)
(economy_agriculture#lesotho#corn, wheat, pulses, sorghum, barley; livestock)
(economy_exports#lesotho#$142 million {f.o.b., 1994 est.})
(economy_exports_commodities#lesotho#clothing, furniture, footwear, wool)
(economy_exports_partners#lesotho#South Africa 39%, EC 22%, North and South America 33% {1993})
(economy_imports#lesotho#$1 billion {c.i.f., 1994 est.})
(economy_imports_commodities#lesotho#mainly corn, building materials, clothing, vehicles, machinery, medicines, petroleum products)
(economy_imports_partners#lesotho#South Africa 83%, Asia 12%, EC 3% {1993})
(economy_external_debt#lesotho#$512 million {1993})
(economy_economic_aid_recipient#lesotho#ODA, $NA)
(economy_currency#lesotho#1 loti {L} = 100 lisente)
(economy_exchange_rates#lesotho#maloti {M} per US$1 - 3.6417 {January 1996}, 3.6266 {1995}, 3.5490 {1994}, 3.2636 {1993}, 2.8497 {1992}, 2.7563 {1991}; note - the Basotho loti is at par with the South African rand)
(economy_fiscal_year#lesotho#1 April - 31 March)
(transportation_railways_total#lesotho#2.6 km; note - owned by, operated by, and included in the statistics of South Africa)
(transportation_railways_narrow_gauge#lesotho#2.6 km 1.067-m gauge)
(transportation_highways_total#lesotho#5,324 km)
(transportation_highways_paved#lesotho#799 km)
(transportation_highways_unpaved#lesotho#4,525 km {1993 est.})
(transportation_ports#lesotho#none)
(transportation_airports_total#lesotho#29)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_over_3,047_m#lesotho#1)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_914_to_1,523_m#lesotho#1)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_under_914_m#lesotho#23)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_914_to_1,523_m#lesotho#4 {1995 est.})
(communications_telephones#lesotho#12,000 {1991 est.})
(communications_telephone_system#lesotho#rudimentary system)
(communications_telephone_system_domestic#lesotho#consists of a few landlines, a small microwave radio relay system, and a minor radiotelephone communication system)
(communications_telephone_system_international#lesotho#satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat {Atlantic Ocean})
(communications_radio_broadcast_stations#lesotho#AM 3, FM 4, shortwave 0)
(communications_radios#lesotho#66,000)
(communications_television_broadcast_stations#lesotho#1)
(communications_televisions#lesotho#11,000 {1992 est.})
(defense_branches#lesotho#Lesotho Defense Force {LDF; includes Army and Air Wing}, Lesotho Mounted Police)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_age_15-49#lesotho#455,218)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_fit_for_military_service#lesotho#245,774 {1996 est.})
(defense_defense_expenditures#lesotho#$NA, NA% of GDP)
(header_note#liberia#Years of civil strife have destroyed much of Liberia's economic infrastructure, made civil administration nearly impossible, and brought economic activity virtually to a halt. The deterioration of economic conditions has been greatly exacerbated by the flight of most business people with their expertise and capital. Civil order ended in 1990 when President Samuel Kanyon DOE was killed by rebel forces. The ensuing civil war persisted until August 1995 when the major factions signed the Abuja peace accord and, in September 1995, formed a transitional coalition government under Wilton SANKAWULO. The war was resumed in April 1996, when forces loyal to faction leaders Charles TAYLOR and Alhaji KROMAH attacked rival factions in Monrovia, further damaging the capital's already dilapidated infrastructure and causing panic among the remaining foreign residents, thousands of whom sought refuge in US facilities. Prospects for peace became extremely uncertain again.)
(geography_location#liberia#Western Africa, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean, between Cote d'Ivoire and Sierra Leone)
(geography_geographic_coordinates#liberia#6 30 N, 9 30 W)
(geography_map_references#liberia#Africa)
(geography_area_total_area#liberia#111,370 sq km)
(geography_area_land_area#liberia#96,320 sq km)
(geography_area_comparative_area#liberia#slightly larger than Tennessee)
(geography_land_boundaries_total#liberia#1,585 km)
(geography_land_boundaries_border_countries#liberia#Guinea 563 km, Cote d'Ivoire 716 km, Sierra Leone 306 km)
(geography_coastline#liberia#579 km)
(geography_maritime_claims_territorial_sea#liberia#200 nm)
(geography_international_disputes#liberia#none)
(geography_climate#liberia#tropical; hot, humid; dry winters with hot days and cool to cold nights; wet, cloudy summers with frequent heavy showers)
(geography_terrain#liberia#mostly flat to rolling coastal plains rising to rolling plateau and low mountains in northeast)
(geography_terrain_lowest_point#liberia#Atlantic Ocean 0 m)
(geography_terrain_highest_point#liberia#Mount Wuteve 1,380 m)
(geography_natural_resources#liberia#iron ore, timber, diamonds, gold)
(geography_land_use_arable_land#liberia#1%)
(geography_land_use_permanent_crops#liberia#3%)
(geography_land_use_meadows_and_pastures#liberia#2%)
(geography_land_use_forest_and_woodland#liberia#39%)
(geography_land_use_other#liberia#55%)
(geography_irrigated_land#liberia#20 sq km {1989 est.})
(geography_environment_current_issues#liberia#tropical rain forest subject to deforestation; soil erosion; loss of biodiversity; pollution of rivers from the dumping of iron ore tailings and of coastal waters from oil residue and raw sewage)
(geography_environment_natural_hazards#liberia#dust-laden harmattan winds blow from the Sahara {December to March})
(geography_environment_international_agreements#liberia#party to - Endangered Species, Nuclear Test Ban, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94; signed, but not ratified - Biodiversity, Climate Change, Environmental Modification, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation)
(people_population#liberia#2,109,789 {July 1996 est.})
(people_age_structure_0-14_years#liberia#45% {male 475,138; female 470,970})
(people_age_structure_15-64_years#liberia#52% {male 557,855; female 532,143})
(people_age_structure_65_years_and_over#liberia#3% {male 35,544; female 38,139} {July 1996 est.})
(people_population_growth_rate#liberia#2.13% {1996 est.})
(people_birth_rate#liberia#42.72 births/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_death_rate#liberia#11.95 deaths/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_net_migration_rate#liberia#-9.48 migrant{s}/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_net_migration_rate_note#liberia#until the Ghanaian-led peace negotiations are successful, many Liberian refugees will be unable to return from exile)
(people_sex_ratio_at_birth#liberia#1.03 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_under_15_years#liberia#1.01 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_15-64_years#liberia#1.05 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_65_years_and_over#liberia#0.93 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_all_ages#liberia#1.03 male{s}/female {1996 est.})
(people_infant_mortality_rate#liberia#108.1 deaths/1,000 live births {1996 est.})
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_total_population#liberia#58.59 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_male#liberia#56.05 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_female#liberia#61.22 years {1996 est.})
(people_total_fertility_rate#liberia#6.23 children born/woman {1996 est.})
(people_nationality_noun#liberia#Liberian{s})
(people_nationality_adjective#liberia#Liberian)
(people_ethnic_divisions#liberia#indigenous African tribes 95% {including Kpelle, Bassa, Gio, Kru, Grebo, Mano, Krahn, Gola, Gbandi, Loma, Kissi, Vai, and Bella}, Americo-Liberians 5% {descendants of former slaves})
(people_religions#liberia#traditional 70%, Muslim 20%, Christian 10%)
(people_languages#liberia#English 20% {official}, Niger-Congo language group about 20 local languages come from this group)
(people_literacy#liberia#age 15 and over can read and write {1995 est.})
(people_literacy_total_population#liberia#38.3%)
(people_literacy_male#liberia#53.9%)
(people_literacy_female#liberia#22.4%)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_long_form#liberia#Republic of Liberia)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_short_form#liberia#Liberia)
(government_data_code#liberia#LI)
(government_type_of_government#liberia#republic)
(government_capital#liberia#Monrovia)
(government_administrative_divisions#liberia#13 counties; Bomi, Bong, Grand Bassa, Grand Cape Mount, Grand Gedeh, Grand Kru, Lofa, Margibi, Maryland, Montserrado, Nimba, River Cess, Sinoe)
(government_independence#liberia#26 July 1847)
(government_national_holiday#liberia#Independence Day, 26 July {1847})
(government_constitution#liberia#6 January 1986)
(government_legal_system#liberia#dual system of statutory law based on Anglo-American common law for the modern sector and customary law based on unwritten tribal practices for indigenous sector)
(government_suffrage#liberia#18 years of age; universal)
(government_executive_branch_chief_of_state_and_head_of_government#liberia#Chairman of the Council of State Wilton SANKAWULO {since NA September 1995}; president was to be elected for a six-year term by universal suffrage at the end of 1995; election last held 15 October 1985 {next to be held NA August 1996}; results - Samuel Kanyon DOE {NDPL} 50.9%, Jackson DOE {LAP} 26.4%, other 22.7%)
(government_executive_branch_note#liberia#constitutional government ended in September 1990 when President Samuel Kanyon DOE was killed by rebel forces; civil war ensued and in August 1995 the Abuja peace accord was signed by the major warring factions; a transitional coalition government under Wilton SANKAWULO was formed in September 1995; presidential elections are scheduled for August 1996)
(government_executive_branch_cabinet#liberia#Cabinet was selected by the leaders of the major factions in the civil war)
(government_legislative_branch#liberia#unicameral Transitional Legislative Assembly, the members of which are appointed by the leaders of the major factions in the civil war)
(government_legislative_branch_note#liberia#the former bicameral legislature no longer exists and is unlikely to be reconstituted soon)
(government_judicial_branch#liberia#Supreme Court)
(government_political_parties_and_leaders#liberia#National Democratic Party of Liberia {NDPL}, Augustus CAINE, chairman; Liberian Action Party {LAP}, Emmanuel KOROMAH, chairman; Unity Party {UP}, Joseph KOFA, chairman; United People's Party {UPP}, Gabriel Baccus MATTHEWS, chairman; National Patriotic Party {NPP}, Charles TAYLOR, chairman; Liberian Peoples Party {LPP}, Dusty WOLOKOLLIE, chairman)
(government_international_organization_participation#liberia#ACP, AfDB, CCC, ECA, ECOWAS, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Inmarsat, Intelsat {nonsignatory user}, Interpol, IOC, IOM {observer}, ITU, NAM, OAU, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_chief_of_mission#liberia#Ambassador {vacant}; Charge d'Affaires Konah K. BLACKETT)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_chancery#liberia#5201 16th Street NW, Washington, DC 20011)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_telephone#liberia#[1] {202} 723-0437)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_consulate{s}_general#liberia#New York)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_chief_of_mission#liberia#Ambassador {vacant}; Chief of Mission William MILAM)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_embassy#liberia#111 United Nations Drive, Monrovia)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_mailing_address#liberia#P. O. Box 100098, Mamba Point, Monrovia)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_telephone#liberia#[231] 226-370)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_fax#liberia#[231] 226-148)
(government_flag#liberia#11 equal horizontal stripes of red {top and bottom} alternating with white; there is a white five-pointed star on a blue square in the upper hoist-side corner; the design was based on the US flag)
(economy_economic_overview#liberia#Civil war since 1990 has destroyed much of Liberia's economy, especially the infrastructure in and around Monrovia. Businessmen have fled the country, taking capital and expertise with them. Many will not return. Richly endowed with water, mineral resources, forests, and a climate favorable to agriculture, Liberia had been a producer and exporter of basic products, while local manufacturing, mainly foreign owned, had been small in scope. Political instability threatens prospects for economic reconstruction and repatriation of some 750,000 Liberian refugees who have fled to neighboring countries. The continued political turmoil has prevented restoration of normal economic life, including the re-establishment of a strong central government with effective economic development programs. The economy deteriorated further in 1995.)
(economy_gdp#liberia#purchasing power parity - $2.3 billion {1994 est.})
(economy_gdp_real_growth_rate#liberia#0% {1994 est.})
(economy_gdp_per_capita#liberia#$770 {1994 est.})
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_agriculture#liberia#NA%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_industry#liberia#NA%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_services#liberia#NA%)
(economy_inflation_rate_{consumer_prices}#liberia#50% {1994 est.})
(economy_labor_force#liberia#510,000 including 220,000 in the monetary economy)
(economy_labor_force_by_occupation#liberia#agriculture 70.5%, services 10.8%, industry and commerce 4.5%, other 14.2%)
(economy_labor_force_note#liberia#non-African foreigners hold about 95% of the top-level management and engineering jobs)
(economy_unemployment_rate#liberia#NA%)
(economy_budget_revenues#liberia#$225 million)
(economy_budget_expenditures#liberia#$285 million, including capital expenditures of $NA {1994 est.})
(economy_industries#liberia#rubber processing, food processing, construction materials, furniture, palm oil processing, iron ore, diamonds)
(economy_industrial_production_growth_rate#liberia#NA% {1993-94})
(economy_electricity_capacity#liberia#330,000 kW)
(economy_electricity_production#liberia#440 million kWh)
(economy_electricity_consumption_per_capita#liberia#143 kWh {1993})
(economy_agriculture#liberia#rubber, coffee, cocoa, rice, cassava {tapioca}, palm oil, sugarcane, bananas; sheep, goats; timber)
(economy_illicit_drugs#liberia#increasingly a transshipment point for heroin and cocaine)
(economy_exports#liberia#$530 million {f.o.b., 1994 est.})
(economy_exports_commodities#liberia#iron ore 61%, rubber 20%, timber 11%, coffee)
(economy_exports_partners#liberia#US, EC, Netherlands, Singapore)
(economy_imports#liberia#NA {c.i.f., 1994 est.})
(economy_imports_commodities#liberia#mineral fuels, chemicals, machinery, transportation equipment, manufactured goods; rice and other foodstuffs)
(economy_imports_partners#liberia#US, EC, Japan, China, Netherlands, ECOWAS, South Korea)
(economy_external_debt#liberia#$1.9 billion {1993 est.})
(economy_economic_aid_recipient#liberia#ODA, $NA)
(economy_currency#liberia#1 Liberian dollar {L$} = 100 cents)
(economy_exchange_rates#liberia#Liberian dollars {L$} per US$1 - 1.0000 {officially fixed rate since 1940}; market exchange rate of US$1 - L$50 {October 1995}, L$7 {January 1992}, market rate floats against the US dollar)
(economy_fiscal_year#liberia#calendar year)
(transportation_railways_total#liberia#490 km {single track}; note - three rail systems owned and operated by foreign steel and financial interests in conjunction with Liberian Government; one of these, the Lamco Railroad, closed in 1989 after iron ore production ceased; the other two have been shut down by the civil war)
(transportation_railways_standard_gauge#liberia#345 km 1.435-m gauge)
(transportation_railways_narrow_gauge#liberia#145 km 1.067-m gauge)
(transportation_highways_total#liberia#10,029 km)
(transportation_highways_paved#liberia#600 km)
(transportation_highways_unpaved#liberia#9,429 km {1987 est.})
(transportation_ports#liberia#Buchanan, Greenville, Harper, Monrovia)
(transportation_merchant_marine_total#liberia#1,601 ships {1,000 GRT or over} totaling 59,449,296 GRT/98,819,081 DWT)
(transportation_merchant_marine_ships_by_type#liberia#barge carrier 2, bulk 411, cargo 121, chemical tanker 108, combination bulk 28, combination ore/oil 56, container 143, liquefied gas tanker 77, multifunction large-load carrier 1, oil tanker 463, passenger 42, passenger-cargo 1, refrigerated cargo 64, roll-on/roll-off cargo 23, short-sea passenger 4, specialized tanker 9, vehicle carrier 48)
(transportation_merchant_marine_note#liberia#a flag of convenience registry; includes ships from 59 countries among which are US 253, Japan 172, Norway 165, Germany 149, Greece 137, Hong Kong 114, UK 78, China 49, Monaco 41, and Cyprus 34 {1995 est.})
(transportation_airports_total#liberia#39)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_over_3,047_m#liberia#1)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_1,524_to_2,437_m#liberia#1)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_under_914_m#liberia#29)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_1,524_to_2,437_m#liberia#2)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_914_to_1,523_m#liberia#6 {1995 est.})
(communications_telephones#liberia#less than 25,000 {1991 est.})
(communications_telephone_system#liberia#telephone and telegraph service via microwave radio relay network; main center is Monrovia; most telecommunications services inoperable due to insurgency movement)
(communications_telephone_system_domestic#liberia#NA)
(communications_telephone_system_international#liberia#satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat {Atlantic Ocean})
(communications_radio_broadcast_stations#liberia#AM 3, FM 4, shortwave 0)
(communications_radios#liberia#622,000 {1992 est.})
(communications_television_broadcast_stations#liberia#5 {1987 est.})
(communications_televisions#liberia#51,000 {1992 est.})
(defense_branches#liberia#NA; the ultimate structure of the Liberian military force will depend on who is the victor in the ongoing civil war)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_age_15-49#liberia#479,274)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_fit_for_military_service#liberia#256,200 {1996 est.})
(defense_defense_expenditures#liberia#exchange rate conversion - $14 million, 2.9% of GDP {1993})
(geography_location#libya#Northern Africa, bordering the Mediterranean Sea, between Egypt and Tunisia)
(geography_geographic_coordinates#libya#25 00 N, 17 00 E)
(geography_map_references#libya#Africa)
(geography_area_total_area#libya#1,759,540 sq km)
(geography_area_land_area#libya#1,759,540 sq km)
(geography_area_comparative_area#libya#slightly larger than Alaska)
(geography_land_boundaries_total#libya#4,383 km)
(geography_land_boundaries_border_countries#libya#Algeria 982 km, Chad 1,055 km, Egypt 1,150 km, Niger 354 km, Sudan 383 km, Tunisia 459 km)
(geography_coastline#libya#1,770 km)
(geography_maritime_claims_territorial_sea#libya#12 nm)
(geography_gulf_of_sidra_closing_line#libya#32 degrees 30 minutes north)
(geography_international_disputes#libya#the International Court of Justice {ICJ} ruled in February 1994 that the 100,000 sq km Aozou Strip between Chad and Libya belongs to Chad and that Libya must withdraw from it by 31 May 1994; Libya has withdrawn some of its forces in response to the ICJ ruling, but still maintains part of the airfield and a small military presence at the airfield's water supply located in Chad; maritime boundary dispute with Tunisia; claims part of northern Niger and part of southeastern Algeria)
(geography_climate#libya#Mediterranean along coast; dry, extreme desert interior)
(geography_terrain#libya#mostly barren, flat to undulating plains, plateaus, depressions)
(geography_terrain_lowest_point#libya#Sabkhat Ghuzayyil -47 m)
(geography_terrain_highest_point#libya#Bikku Bitti 2,267 m)
(geography_natural_resources#libya#petroleum, natural gas, gypsum)
(geography_land_use_arable_land#libya#2%)
(geography_land_use_permanent_crops#libya#0%)
(geography_land_use_meadows_and_pastures#libya#8%)
(geography_land_use_forest_and_woodland#libya#0%)
(geography_land_use_other#libya#90%)
(geography_irrigated_land#libya#2,420 sq km {1989 est.})
(geography_environment_current_issues#libya#desertification; very limited natural fresh water resources; the Great Manmade River Project, the largest water development scheme in the world, is being built to bring water from large aquifers under the Sahara to coastal cities)
(geography_environment_natural_hazards#libya#hot, dry, dust-laden ghibli is a southern wind lasting one to four days in spring and fall; dust storms, sandstorms)
(geography_environment_international_agreements#libya#party to - Marine Dumping, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection; signed, but not ratified - Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Law of the Sea)
(people_population#libya#5,445,436 {July 1996 est.})
(people_age_structure_0-14_years#libya#48% {male 1,319,696; female 1,274,865})
(people_age_structure_15-64_years#libya#49% {male 1,375,441; female 1,308,613})
(people_age_structure_65_years_and_over#libya#3% {male 87,434; female 79,387} {July 1996 est.})
(people_population_growth_rate#libya#3.67% {1996 est.})
(people_birth_rate#libya#44.42 births/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_death_rate#libya#7.7 deaths/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_net_migration_rate#libya#0 migrant{s}/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_sex_ratio_at_birth#libya#1.05 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_under_15_years#libya#1.04 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_15-64_years#libya#1.05 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_65_years_and_over#libya#1.1 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_all_ages#libya#1.04 male{s}/female {1996 est.})
(people_infant_mortality_rate#libya#59.5 deaths/1,000 live births {1996 est.})
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_total_population#libya#64.67 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_male#libya#62.48 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_female#libya#66.97 years {1996 est.})
(people_total_fertility_rate#libya#6.26 children born/woman {1996 est.})
(people_nationality_noun#libya#Libyan{s})
(people_nationality_adjective#libya#Libyan)
(people_ethnic_divisions#libya#Berber and Arab 97%, Greeks, Maltese, Italians, Egyptians, Pakistanis, Turks, Indians, Tunisians)
(people_religions#libya#Sunni Muslim 97%)
(people_languages#libya#Arabic, Italian, English, all are widely understood in the major cities)
(people_literacy#libya#age 15 and over can read and write {1995 est.})
(people_literacy_total_population#libya#76.2%)
(people_literacy_male#libya#87.9%)
(people_literacy_female#libya#63%)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_long_form#libya#Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriya)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_short_form#libya#Libya)
(government_name_of_country_local_long_form#libya#Al Jumahiriyah al Arabiyah al Libiyah ash Shabiyah al Ishtirakiyah)
(government_name_of_country_local_short_form#libya#none)
(government_data_code#libya#LY)
(government_type_of_government#libya#Jamahiriya {a state of the masses} in theory, governed by the populace through local councils; in fact, a military dictatorship)
(government_capital#libya#Tripoli)
(government_administrative_divisions#libya#25 municipalities {baladiyah, singular - baladiyat}; Ajdabiya, Al 'Aziziyah, Al Fatih, Al Jabal al Akhdar, Al Jufrah, Al Khums, Al Kufrah, An Nuqat al Khams, Ash Shati', Awbari, Az Zawiyah, Banghazi, Darnah, Ghadamis, Gharyan, Misratah, Murzuq, Sabha, Sawfajjin, Surt, Tarabulus, Tarhunah, Tubruq, Yafran, Zlitan)
(government_administrative_divisions_note#libya#the 25 muncipalities may have been replaced by 1,500 communes in 1992)
(government_independence#libya#24 December 1951 {from Italy})
(government_national_holiday#libya#Revolution Day, 1 September {1969})
(government_constitution#libya#11 December 1969, amended 2 March 1977)
(government_legal_system#libya#based on Italian civil law system and Islamic law; separate religious courts; no constitutional provision for judicial review of legislative acts; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction)
(government_suffrage#libya#18 years of age; universal and compulsory)
(government_executive_branch_chief_of_state#libya#Revolutionary Leader Col. Muammar Abu Minyar al-QADHAFI {since 1 September 1969} was elected by the General People's Congress)
(government_executive_branch_head_of_government#libya#Secretary of the General People's Committee {Premier} Abd al Majid al-QA'UD {since 29 January 1994})
(government_executive_branch_cabinet#libya#General People's Committee was established by the General People's Congress)
(government_executive_branch_note#libya#national elections are indirect through a hierarchy of peoples' committees)
(government_legislative_branch#libya#unicameral)
(government_general_people's_congress#libya#national elections are indirect through a hierarchy of peoples' committees)
(government_judicial_branch#libya#Supreme Court)
(government_political_parties_and_leaders#libya#none)
(government_other_political_or_pressure_groups#libya#various Arab nationalist movements with almost negligible memberships may be functioning clandestinely, as well as some Islamic elements)
(government_international_organization_participation#libya#ABEDA, AfDB, AFESD, AL, AMF, AMU, CAEU, CCC, ECA, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, ISO, ITU, NAM, OAPEC, OAU, OIC, OPEC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNITAR, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO {observer})
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us#libya#Libya does not have an embassy in the US)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation#libya#the US suspended all embassy activities in Tripoli on 2 May 1980)
(government_flag#libya#plain green; green is the traditional color of Islam {the state religion})
(economy_economic_overview#libya#The socialist-oriented economy depends primarily upon revenues from the oil sector, which contributes practically all export earnings and about one-third of GDP. In 1990 per capita GDP was the highest in Africa at $5,410, but subsequently GDP growth has slowed on average and has fluctuated sharply in response to changes in the world oil market. Import restrictions and inefficient resource allocations have led to periodic shortages of basic goods and foodstuffs. The nonoil manufacturing and construction sectors, which account for about 20% of GDP, have expanded from processing mostly agricultural products to include the production of petrochemicals, iron, steel, and aluminum. Although agriculture accounts for only 5% of GDP, it employs 18% of the labor force. Climatic conditions and poor soils severely limit farm output, and Libya imports about 75% of its food requirements. The UN sanctions imposed in April 1992 have not yet had a major impact on the economy because Libya's oil revenues generate sufficient foreign exchange to sustain imports of food, consumer goods, and equipment for the oil industry and ongoing development projects.)
(economy_gdp#libya#purchasing power parity - $32.9 billion {1994 est.})
(economy_gdp_real_growth_rate#libya#-0.9% {1994 est.})
(economy_gdp_per_capita#libya#$6,510 {1994 est.})
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_agriculture#libya#NA%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_industry#libya#NA%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_services#libya#NA%)
(economy_inflation_rate_{consumer_prices}#libya#25% {1993 est.})
(economy_labor_force#libya#1 million {includes about 280,000 resident foreigners})
(economy_labor_force_by_occupation#libya#industry 31%, services 27%, government 24%, agriculture 18%)
(economy_unemployment_rate#libya#NA%)
(economy_budget_revenues#libya#$8.1 billion)
(economy_budget_expenditures#libya#$9.8 billion, including capital expenditures of $3.1 billion {1989 est.})
(economy_industries#libya#petroleum, food processing, textiles, handicrafts, cement)
(economy_industrial_production_growth_rate#libya#NA%)
(economy_electricity_capacity#libya#4,600,000 kW)
(economy_electricity_production#libya#16.1 billion kWh)
(economy_electricity_consumption_per_capita#libya#3,078 kWh {1993})
(economy_agriculture#libya#wheat, barley, olives, dates, citrus, vegetables, peanuts; meat, eggs)
(economy_exports#libya#$7.2 billion {f.o.b., 1994 est.})
(economy_exports_commodities#libya#crude oil, refined petroleum products, natural gas)
(economy_exports_partners#libya#Italy, Germany, Spain, France, UK, Turkey, Greece, Egypt)
(economy_imports#libya#$6.9 billion {f.o.b., 1994 est.})
(economy_imports_commodities#libya#machinery, transport equipment, food, manufactured goods)
(economy_imports_partners#libya#Italy, Germany, UK, France, Spain, Turkey, Tunisia, Eastern Europe)
(economy_external_debt#libya#$3.5 billion excluding military debt {1991 est.})
(economy_economic_aid#libya#$NA)
(economy_currency#libya#1 Libyan dinar {LD} = 1,000 dirhams)
(economy_exchange_rates#libya#Libyan dinars {LD} per US$1 - 0.3617 {January 1996}, 0.3532 {1995}, 0.3596 {1994}, 0.3250 {1993}, 0.3013 {1992}, 0.2684 {1991})
(economy_fiscal_year#libya#calendar year)
(transportation_railways_note#libya#Libya has had no railroad in operation since 1965, all previous systems having been dismantled; current plans are to construct a 1.435-m standard gauge line from the Tunisian frontier to Tripoli and Misratah, then inland to Sabha, center of a mineral-rich area, but there has been no progress; other plans made jointly with Egypt would establish a rail line from As Sallum, Egypt, to Tobruk with completion set for mid-1994; no progress has been reported)
(transportation_highways_total#libya#19,189 km)
(transportation_highways_paved#libya#10,738 km)
(transportation_highways_unpaved#libya#8,451 km {1987 est.})
(transportation_waterways#libya#none)
(transportation_pipelines#libya#crude oil 4,383 km; petroleum products 443 km {includes liquefied petroleum gas 256 km}; natural gas 1,947 km)
(transportation_ports#libya#Al Khums, Banghazi, Darnah, Marsa al Burayqah, Misratah, Ra's Lanuf, Tobruk, Tripoli, Zuwarah)
(transportation_merchant_marine_total#libya#30 ships {1,000 GRT or over} totaling 686,834 GRT/1,209,263 DWT)
(transportation_merchant_marine_ships_by_type#libya#cargo 10, chemical tanker 1, liquefied gas tanker 2, oil tanker 10, roll-on/roll-off cargo 3, short-sea passenger 4)
(transportation_merchant_marine_note#libya#Libya owns an additional 6 ships {1,000 GRT or over} totaling 38,260 DWT operating under the registries of Algeria and Turkey {1995 est.})
(transportation_airports_total#libya#130)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_over_3,047_m#libya#24)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_2,438_to_3,047_m#libya#5)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_1,524_to_2,437_m#libya#22)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_914_to_1,523_m#libya#6)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_under_914_m#libya#13)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_over_3,047_m#libya#4)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_2,438_to_3,047_m#libya#3)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_1,524_to_2,437_m#libya#15)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_914_to_1,523_m#libya#38 {1995 est.})
(communications_telephones#libya#370,000)
(communications_telephone_system#libya#modern telecommunications system)
(communications_telephone_system_domestic#libya#microwave radio relay, coaxial cable, tropospheric scatter, and a domestic satellite system with 14 earth stations)
(communications_telephone_system_international#libya#satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat {1 Atlantic Ocean and 1 Indian Ocean}; planned Arabsat and Intersputnik satellite earth stations; submarine cables to France and Italy; microwave radio relay to Tunisia and Egypt; tropospheric scatter to Greece; participant in Medarabtel)
(communications_radio_broadcast_stations#libya#AM 17, FM 3, shortwave 0)
(communications_radios#libya#1 million {1993 est.})
(communications_television_broadcast_stations#libya#12 {1987 est.})
(communications_televisions#libya#500,000 {1993 est.})
(defense_branches#libya#Armed Peoples of the Libyan Arab Jamahiriyah {includes Army, Navy, and Air and Air Defense Command}, Police)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_age_15-49#libya#1,170,100)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_fit_for_military_service#libya#696,288)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_reach_military_age_{17}_annually#libya#56,834 {1996 est.})
(defense_defense_expenditures#libya#exchange rate conversion - $1.4 billion, 6.1% of GDP {1994 est.})
(geography_location#liechtenstein#Central Europe, between Austria and Switzerland)
(geography_geographic_coordinates#liechtenstein#47 10 N, 9 32 E)
(geography_map_references#liechtenstein#Europe)
(geography_area_total_area#liechtenstein#160 sq km)
(geography_area_land_area#liechtenstein#160 sq km)
(geography_area_comparative_area#liechtenstein#about 0.9 times the size of Washington, DC)
(geography_land_boundaries_total#liechtenstein#78 km)
(geography_land_boundaries_border_countries#liechtenstein#Austria 37 km, Switzerland 41 km)
(geography_coastline#liechtenstein#0 km {landlocked})
(geography_maritime_claims#liechtenstein#none {landlocked})
(geography_international_disputes#liechtenstein#claims 1,600 square kilometers of Czech territory confiscated from its royal family in 1918; the Czech Republic insists that restitution does not go back before February 1948, when the communists seized power)
(geography_climate#liechtenstein#continental; cold, cloudy winters with frequent snow or rain; cool to moderately warm, cloudy, humid summers)
(geography_terrain#liechtenstein#mostly mountainous {Alps} with Rhine Valley in western third)
(geography_terrain_lowest_point#liechtenstein#Ruggleller Riet 430 m)
(geography_terrain_highest_point#liechtenstein#Grauspitz 2,599 m)
(geography_natural_resources#liechtenstein#hydroelectric potential)
(geography_land_use_arable_land#liechtenstein#25%)
(geography_land_use_permanent_crops#liechtenstein#0%)
(geography_land_use_meadows_and_pastures#liechtenstein#38%)
(geography_land_use_forest_and_woodland#liechtenstein#19%)
(geography_land_use_other#liechtenstein#18%)
(geography_irrigated_land#liechtenstein#NA sq km)
(geography_environment_current_issues#liechtenstein#NA)
(geography_environment_natural_hazards#liechtenstein#NA)
(geography_environment_international_agreements#liechtenstein#party to - Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Sulphur 85, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Climate Change, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands; signed, but not ratified - Air Pollution-Sulphur 94, Biodiversity, Law of the Sea)
(geography_geographic_note#liechtenstein#landlocked; variety of microclimatic variations based on elevation)
(people_population#liechtenstein#31,122 {July 1996 est.})
(people_age_structure_0-14_years#liechtenstein#19% {male 2,961; female 2,871})
(people_age_structure_15-64_years#liechtenstein#70% {male 10,775; female 11,113})
(people_age_structure_65_years_and_over#liechtenstein#11% {male 1,366; female 2,036} {July 1996 est.})
(people_population_growth_rate#liechtenstein#1.08% {1996 est.})
(people_birth_rate#liechtenstein#11.47 births/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_death_rate#liechtenstein#6.81 deaths/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_net_migration_rate#liechtenstein#6.11 migrant{s}/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_sex_ratio_at_birth#liechtenstein#1.14 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_under_15_years#liechtenstein#1.03 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_15-64_years#liechtenstein#0.97 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_65_years_and_over#liechtenstein#0.67 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_all_ages#liechtenstein#0.94 male{s}/female {1996 est.})
(people_infant_mortality_rate#liechtenstein#5.3 deaths/1,000 live births {1996 est.})
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_total_population#liechtenstein#78.84 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_male#liechtenstein#75.92 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_female#liechtenstein#82.17 years {1996 est.})
(people_total_fertility_rate#liechtenstein#1.37 children born/woman {1996 est.})
(people_nationality_noun#liechtenstein#Liechtensteiner{s})
(people_nationality_adjective#liechtenstein#Liechtenstein)
(people_ethnic_divisions#liechtenstein#Alemannic 95%, Italian and other 5%)
(people_religions#liechtenstein#Roman Catholic 87.3%, Protestant 8.3%, unknown 1.6%, other 2.8% {1988})
(people_languages#liechtenstein#German {official}, Alemannic dialect)
(people_literacy#liechtenstein#age 10 and over can read and write {1981 est.})
(people_literacy_total_population#liechtenstein#100%)
(people_literacy_male#liechtenstein#100%)
(people_literacy_female#liechtenstein#100%)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_long_form#liechtenstein#Principality of Liechtenstein)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_short_form#liechtenstein#Liechtenstein)
(government_name_of_country_local_long_form#liechtenstein#Furstentum Liechtenstein)
(government_name_of_country_local_short_form#liechtenstein#Liechtenstein)
(government_data_code#liechtenstein#LS)
(government_type_of_government#liechtenstein#hereditary constitutional monarchy)
(government_capital#liechtenstein#Vaduz)
(government_administrative_divisions#liechtenstein#11 communes {gemeinden, singular - gemeinde}; Balzers, Eschen, Gamprin, Mauren, Planken, Ruggell, Schaan, Schellenberg, Triesen, Triesenberg, Vaduz)
(government_independence#liechtenstein#23 January 1719 {Imperial Principality of Liechtenstein established})
(government_national_holiday#liechtenstein#Assumption Day, 15 August)
(government_constitution#liechtenstein#5 October 1921)
(government_legal_system#liechtenstein#local civil and penal codes; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations)
(government_suffrage#liechtenstein#20 years of age; universal)
(government_executive_branch_chief_of_state#liechtenstein#Prince Hans ADAM II {since 13 November 1989, who is a hereditary monarch, assumed executive powers 26 August 1984}; Heir Apparent Prince ALOIS von und zu Liechtenstein {born 11 June 1968})
(government_executive_branch_head_of_government#liechtenstein#Mario FRICK {since 15 December 1993} and Deputy Head of Government Dr. Thomas BUECHEL {since 15 December 1993} were elected by the Landtag for a four-year term and confirmed by the prince)
(government_executive_branch_cabinet#liechtenstein#Cabinet was elected by the Diet; confirmed by the prince)
(government_legislative_branch#liechtenstein#unicameral)
(government_diet_{landtag}#liechtenstein#elections last held on 24 October 1993 {next to be held by March 1997}; results - VU 50.1%, FBP 41.3%, FL 8.5%; seats - {25 total} VU 13, FBP 11, FL 1)
(government_judicial_branch#liechtenstein#Supreme Court {Oberster Gerichtshof} for criminal cases; Superior Court {Obergericht} for civil cases)
(government_political_parties_and_leaders#liechtenstein#Fatherland Union {VU}, Dr. Oswald KRANTZ; Progressive Citizens' Party {FBP}, Otmar HASLER; The Free List {FL})
(government_international_organization_participation#liechtenstein#CE, EBRD, ECE, EFTA, IAEA, ICRM, IFRCS, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, ITU, OSCE, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UPU, WCL, WIPO, WTrO)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us#liechtenstein#Liechtenstein does not have an embassy in the US, but is represented by the Swiss embassy in routine diplomatic matters)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation#liechtenstein#the US does not have an embassy in Liechtenstein, but the US Consul General at Zurich {Switzerland} has consular accreditation in Vaduz)
(government_flag#liechtenstein#two equal horizontal bands of blue {top} and red with a gold crown on the hoist side of the blue band)
(economy_economic_overview#liechtenstein#Despite its small size and limited natural resources, Liechtenstein has developed into a prosperous, highly industrialized, free-enterprise economy with a vital service sector and living standards on par with the urban areas of its large European neighbors. Low business taxes - the maximum tax rate is 18% - and easy incorporation rules have induced about 25,000 holding or so-called letter box companies to establish nominal offices in Liechtenstein, providing 30% of state revenues. The country participates in a customs union with Switzerland and uses the Swiss franc as its national currency. Liechtenstein plans to join the European Economic Area {an organization serving as a bridge between EFTA and EU} in 1995.)
(economy_gdp#liechtenstein#purchasing power parity - $630 million {1990 est.})
(economy_gdp_real_growth_rate#liechtenstein#NA%)
(economy_gdp_per_capita#liechtenstein#$22,300 {1990 est.})
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_agriculture#liechtenstein#NA%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_industry#liechtenstein#NA%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_services#liechtenstein#NA%)
(economy_inflation_rate_{consumer_prices}#liechtenstein#5.4% {1990})
(economy_labor_force#liechtenstein#20,000 of which 12,000 are foreigners; 6,885 commute from Austria and Switzerland to work each day)
(economy_labor_force_by_occupation#liechtenstein#industry, trade, and building 48.1%, services 50.2%, agriculture, fishing, forestry, and horticulture 1.7% {1993})
(economy_unemployment_rate#liechtenstein#0.9% {1995})
(economy_budget_revenues#liechtenstein#$455 million)
(economy_budget_expenditures#liechtenstein#$442 million, including capital expenditures of $NA {1995 est.})
(economy_industries#liechtenstein#electronics, metal manufacturing, textiles, ceramics, pharmaceuticals, food products, precision instruments, tourism)
(economy_industrial_production_growth_rate#liechtenstein#NA%)
(economy_electricity_capacity#liechtenstein#23,000 kW)
(economy_electricity_production#liechtenstein#150 million kWh)
(economy_electricity_consumption_per_capita#liechtenstein#5,230 kWh {1992})
(economy_agriculture#liechtenstein#vegetables, corn, wheat, potatoes, grapes; livestock)
(economy_exports#liechtenstein#$1.636 billion {1993})
(economy_exports_commodities#liechtenstein#small specialty machinery, dental products, stamps, hardware, pottery)
(economy_exports_partners#liechtenstein#EC countries 42.7%, EFTA countries 20.9% {Switzerland 15.4%}, other 36.4% {1990})
(economy_imports#liechtenstein#$NA)
(economy_imports_commodities#liechtenstein#machinery, metal goods, textiles, foodstuffs, motor vehicles)
(economy_imports_partners#liechtenstein#NA)
(economy_external_debt#liechtenstein#$NA)
(economy_economic_aid#liechtenstein#none)
(economy_currency#liechtenstein#1 Swiss franc, franken, or franco {SwF} = 100 centimes, rappen, or centesimi)
(economy_exchange_rates#liechtenstein#Swiss francs, franken, or franchi {SwF} per US$1 - 1.1810 {January 1996}, 1.1825 {1995}, 1.3677 {1994}, 1.4776 {1993}, 1.4062 {1992}, 1.4340 {1991})
(economy_fiscal_year#liechtenstein#calendar year)
(transportation_railways_total#liechtenstein#18.5 km; note - owned, operated, and included in statistics of Austrian Federal Railways)
(transportation_railways_standard_gauge#liechtenstein#18.5 km 1.435-m gauge {electrified})
(transportation_highways_total#liechtenstein#238 km)
(transportation_highways_paved#liechtenstein#238 km)
(transportation_highways_unpaved#liechtenstein#0 km {1986 est.})
(transportation_ports#liechtenstein#none)
(transportation_airports#liechtenstein#none)
(communications_telephones#liechtenstein#18,916 {1993 est.})
(communications_telephone_system#liechtenstein#limited, but sufficient automatic telephone system)
(communications_telephone_system_domestic#liechtenstein#NA)
(communications_telephone_system_international#liechtenstein#linked to Swiss networks by cable and microwave radio relay)
(communications_radio_broadcast_stations#liechtenstein#AM NA, FM NA, shortwave NA)
(communications_radio_broadcast_stations_note#liechtenstein#linked to Swiss networks)
(communications_radios#liechtenstein#11,000 {1993 est.})
(communications_television_broadcast_stations#liechtenstein#NA)
(communications_television_broadcast_stations_note#liechtenstein#linked to Swiss networks)
(communications_televisions#liechtenstein#10,620 {1993 est.})
(defense_defense_note#liechtenstein#defense is the responsibility of Switzerland)
(geography_location#lithuania#Eastern Europe, bordering the Baltic Sea, between Latvia and Russia)
(geography_geographic_coordinates#lithuania#56 00 N, 24 00 E)
(geography_map_references#lithuania#Europe)
(geography_area_total_area#lithuania#65,200 sq km)
(geography_area_land_area#lithuania#65,200 sq km)
(geography_area_comparative_area#lithuania#slightly larger than West Virginia)
(geography_land_boundaries_total#lithuania#1,273 km)
(geography_land_boundaries_border_countries#lithuania#Belarus 502 km, Latvia 453 km, Poland 91 km, Russia {Kaliningrad} 227 km)
(geography_coastline#lithuania#108 km)
(geography_maritime_claims_territorial_sea#lithuania#12 nm)
(geography_international_disputes#lithuania#dispute with Russia {Kaliningrad Oblast} over the position of the Nemunas {Nemen} River border presently located on the Lithuanian bank and not in midriver as by international standards; disputes maritime border with Latvia {primary concern is oil exploration rights}; treaty with Belarus defining the border awaits ratification)
(geography_climate#lithuania#maritime; wet, moderate winters and summers)
(geography_terrain#lithuania#lowland, many scattered small lakes, fertile soil)
(geography_terrain_lowest_point#lithuania#Baltic Sea 0 m)
(geography_terrain_highest_point#lithuania#Juozapine Kalnas 292 m)
(geography_natural_resources#lithuania#peat)
(geography_land_use_arable_land#lithuania#49%)
(geography_land_use_permanent_crops#lithuania#0%)
(geography_land_use_meadows_and_pastures#lithuania#22%)
(geography_land_use_forest_and_woodland#lithuania#16%)
(geography_land_use_other#lithuania#13%)
(geography_irrigated_land#lithuania#430 sq km {1990})
(geography_environment_current_issues#lithuania#contamination of soil and groundwater with petroleum products and chemicals at military bases)
(geography_environment_natural_hazards#lithuania#NA)
(geography_environment_international_agreements#lithuania#party to - Climate Change, Ship Pollution, Wetlands; signed, but not ratified - Biodiversity, Ozone Layer Protection)
(people_population#lithuania#3,646,041 {July 1996 est.})
(people_age_structure_0-14_years#lithuania#22% {male 400,823; female 384,592})
(people_age_structure_15-64_years#lithuania#66% {male 1,162,626; female 1,244,103})
(people_age_structure_65_years_and_over#lithuania#12% {male 154,862; female 299,035} {July 1996 est.})
(people_population_growth_rate#lithuania#-0.35% {1996 est.})
(people_birth_rate#lithuania#12.93 births/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_death_rate#lithuania#13.33 deaths/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_net_migration_rate#lithuania#-3.09 migrant{s}/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_sex_ratio_at_birth#lithuania#1.05 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_under_15_years#lithuania#1.04 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_15-64_years#lithuania#0.94 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_65_years_and_over#lithuania#0.52 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_all_ages#lithuania#0.89 male{s}/female {1996 est.})
(people_infant_mortality_rate#lithuania#17 deaths/1,000 live births {1996 est.})
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_total_population#lithuania#68.03 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_male#lithuania#62.15 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_female#lithuania#74.21 years {1996 est.})
(people_total_fertility_rate#lithuania#1.78 children born/woman {1996 est.})
(people_nationality_noun#lithuania#Lithuanian{s})
(people_nationality_adjective#lithuania#Lithuanian)
(people_ethnic_divisions#lithuania#Lithuanian 80.1%, Russian 8.6%, Polish 7.7%, Byelorussian 1.5%, other 2.1%)
(people_religions#lithuania#Roman Catholic, Lutheran, other)
(people_languages#lithuania#Lithuanian {official}, Polish, Russian)
(people_literacy#lithuania#age 15 and over can read and write {1989 est.})
(people_literacy_total_population#lithuania#98%)
(people_literacy_male#lithuania#99%)
(people_literacy_female#lithuania#98%)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_long_form#lithuania#Republic of Lithuania)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_short_form#lithuania#Lithuania)
(government_name_of_country_local_long_form#lithuania#Lietuvos Respublika)
(government_name_of_country_local_short_form#lithuania#Lietuva)
(government_name_of_country_former#lithuania#Lithuanian Soviet Socialist Republic)
(government_data_code#lithuania#LH)
(government_type_of_government#lithuania#republic)
(government_capital#lithuania#Vilnius)
(government_administrative_divisions#lithuania#44 regions {rajonai, singular - rajonas} and 11 municipalities*: Akmenes Rajonas, Alytaus Rajonas, Alytus*, Anyksciu Rajonas, Birsionas*, Birzu Rajonas, Druskininkai*, Ignalinos Rajonas, Jonavos Rajonas, Joniskio Rajonas, Jurbarko Rajonas, Kaisiadoriu Rajonas, Marijampoles Rajonas, Kaunas*, Kauno Rajonas, Kedainiu Rajonas, Kelmes Rajonas, Klaipeda*, Klaipedos Rajonas, Kretingos Rajonas, Kupiskio Rajonas, Lazdiju Rajonas, Marijampole*, Mazeikiu Rajonas, Moletu Rajonas, Neringa* Pakruojo Rajonas, Palanga*, Panevezio Rajonas, Panevezys*, Pasvalio Rajonas, Plunges Rajonas, Prienu Rajonas, Radviliskio Rajonas, Raseiniu Rajonas, Rokiskio Rajonas, Sakiu Rajonas, Salcininky Rajonas, Siauliai*, Siauliu Rajonas, Silales Rajonas, Siltues Rajonas, Sirvinty Rajonas, Skuodo Rajonas, Svencioniu Rajonas, Taurages Rajonas, Telsiu Rajonas, Traky Rajonas, Ukmerges Rajonas, Utenos Rajonas, Varenos Rajonas, Vilkaviskio Rajonas, Vilniaus Rajonas, Vilnius*, Zarasu Rajonas)
(government_independence#lithuania#6 September 1991 {from Soviet Union})
(government_national_holiday#lithuania#Independence Day, 16 February {1918})
(government_constitution#lithuania#adopted 25 October 1992)
(government_legal_system#lithuania#based on civil law system; no judicial review of legislative acts)
(government_suffrage#lithuania#18 years of age; universal)
(government_executive_branch_chief_of_state#lithuania#President Algirdas Mykolas BRAZAUSKAS {since 25 November 1992; elected acting president by Parliament 25 November 1992 and elected by direct vote 15 February 1993} was elected for a five-year term by universal suffrage; election last held 14 February 1993 {next to be held spring 1997}; results - Algirdas BRAZAUSKAS was elected; percent of vote NA)
(government_executive_branch_head_of_government#lithuania#Premier Mindaugas STANKEVICIUS {since 15 February 1996} was appointed by the president on approval of the Seimas)
(government_executive_branch_cabinet#lithuania#Council of Ministers was appointed by the president on the nomination of the prime minister)
(government_legislative_branch#lithuania#unicameral)
(government_seimas_{parliament}#lithuania#elections last held 26 October and 25 November 1992 {next to be held NA October 1996}; results - LDDP 51%; seats - {141 total} LDDP 73, Conservative Party 30, LKDP 17, LTS 8, Farmers' Union 4, LLS 4, Center Union 2, others 3)
(government_judicial_branch#lithuania#Supreme Court, judges appointed by the Seimas; Court of Appeal, judges appointed by the Seimas)
(government_political_parties_and_leaders#lithuania#Christian Democratic Party {LKDP}, Algirdas SAUDARGAS, chairman; Democratic Labor Party of Lithuania {LDDP}, Mindaugas STANKEVICIUS , chairman; Lithuanian Nationalist Union {LTS}, Rimantas SMETONA, chairman; Lithuanian Social Democratic Party {LSDP}, Aloyzas SAKALAS, chairman; Farmers' Union, Jonas CIULEVICIUS, chairman; Center Union, Romualdas OZOLAS, chairman; Homeland Union/Conservative Party, Vytautas LANDSBERGIS, chairman; Lithuanian Polish Union {LLS}, Rytardas MACIEKIANIEC, chairman)
(government_other_political_or_pressure_groups#lithuania#Lithuanian Future Forum)
(government_international_organization_participation#lithuania#BIS, CBSS, CCC, CE, EBRD, ECE, EU {applicant}, FAO, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Intelsat {nonsignatory user}, Interpol, IOC, ISO {correspondent}, ITU, NACC, OSCE, PFP, UN, UNCRO, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UPU, WEU {associate partner}, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTrO {applicant})
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_chief_of_mission#lithuania#Ambassador Alfonsas EIDINTAS)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_chancery#lithuania#2622 16th Street NW, Washington, DC 20009)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_telephone#lithuania#[1] {202} 234-5860, 2639)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_fax#lithuania#[1] {202} 328-0466)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_consulate{s}_general#lithuania#New York)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_chief_of_mission#lithuania#Ambassador James W. SWIHART, Jr.)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_embassy#lithuania#Akmenu 6, Vilnius 2600)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_mailing_address#lithuania#PSC 78, Box V, APO AE 09723)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_telephone#lithuania#[78] {8} 973-0000, 227-224)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_fax#lithuania#[78] {8} 670-6084)
(government_flag#lithuania#three equal horizontal bands of yellow {top}, green, and red)
(economy_economic_overview#lithuania#Since declaring independence in 1990, Lithuania has implemented reforms aimed at eliminating the vestiges of the former socialist system. With the help of the IMF and other international institutions, the government has adopted a disciplined program to restrain inflation, reduce price controls, lower the budget deficit and privatize the economy. Lithuania has embarked on a series of price liberalizations; most price controls have been abolished. More than two-thirds of its industrial facilities as well as most housing and agricultural enterprises have been privatized, although important "strategic" enterprises have been exempted from privatization - namely energy and telecommunications. While Lithuania has reduced its trade dependence on Russia and other republics of the FSU from 85% in 1991 to about 40% in 1995, Russia remains Lithuania's leading trading partner. Lithuania has made great strides in reducing its annual rate of inflation - from over 1,100% in 1992 to about 35% in 1995. Production bottomed out in 1994-95. A banking crisis beginning in September, during which central bank reserves dropped one-third, held back growth in 1995. If the government can stay the course on economic reform and fiscal discipline - which may be politically difficult in the election year of 1996 - Lithuania could be set for strong economic growth in the near term. As for real resources, Lithuania's growth depends largely on its ability to exploit its strategic location - with its ice-free port at Klaipeda and its rail and highway hub in Vilnius connecting it with Eastern Europe, Belarus, Russia, and Ukraine. Lacking important natural resources, it will remain dependent on imports of fuels and raw materials.)
(economy_gdp#lithuania#purchasing power parity - $13.3 billion {1995 estimate as extrapolated from World Bank estimate for 1994})
(economy_gdp_real_growth_rate#lithuania#1% {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_per_capita#lithuania#$3,400 {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_agriculture#lithuania#20%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_industry#lithuania#42%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_services#lithuania#38% {1993 est.})
(economy_inflation_rate_{consumer_prices}#lithuania#35% {1995 est.})
(economy_labor_force#lithuania#1.836 million)
(economy_labor_force_by_occupation#lithuania#industry and construction 42%, agriculture and forestry 18%, other 40% {1990})
(economy_unemployment_rate#lithuania#6.1% {January 1996})
(economy_budget_revenues#lithuania#$NA)
(economy_budget_expenditures#lithuania#$NA, including capital expenditures of $NA)
(economy_industries#lithuania#metal-cutting machine tools, electric motors, television sets, refrigerators and freezers, petroleum refining, shipbuilding {small ships}, furniture making, textiles, food processing, fertilizers, agricultural machinery, optical equipment, electronic components, computers, amber)
(economy_industrial_production_growth_rate#lithuania#NA%)
(economy_electricity_capacity#lithuania#6,190,000 kW)
(economy_electricity_production#lithuania#18.9 billion kWh)
(economy_electricity_consumption_per_capita#lithuania#4,608 kWh {1993})
(economy_agriculture#lithuania#grain, potatoes, sugar beets, vegetables; meat, milk, eggs; fish)
(economy_illicit_drugs#lithuania#transshipment point for illicit drugs from Central and Southwest Asia and Latin America to Western Europe; limited producer of illicit opium; mostly for domestic consumption)
(economy_exports#lithuania#$2.2 billion {1994})
(economy_exports_commodities#lithuania#electronics 18%, food 10%, chemicals 6%, petroleum products 5% {1989})
(economy_exports_partners#lithuania#Russia, Ukraine, Germany)
(economy_imports#lithuania#$2.7 billion {1994})
(economy_imports_commodities#lithuania#oil 24%, machinery 14%, chemicals 8%, grain NA% {1989})
(economy_imports_partners#lithuania#Russia, Germany, Belarus)
(economy_external_debt#lithuania#$895 million)
(economy_economic_aid_recipient#lithuania#ODA, $144 million {1993})
(economy_economic_aid_note#lithuania#commitments from the West and international financial institutions, $765 million {1992-95})
(economy_currency#lithuania#introduced the convertible litas in June 1993)
(economy_exchange_rates#lithuania#litai per US$1 - 4.000 {January 1996}, 4.000 {1995}, 3.978 {1994}, 4.344 {1993}, 1.773 {1992}; note - fixed rate since 1 May 1994)
(economy_fiscal_year#lithuania#calendar year)
(transportation_railways_total#lithuania#2,002 km)
(transportation_railways_broad_gauge#lithuania#2,002 km 1.524-m gauge {122 km electrified} {1994})
(transportation_highways_total#lithuania#55,603 km)
(transportation_highways_paved#lithuania#42,209 km {including 382 km of expressways})
(transportation_highways_unpaved#lithuania#13,394 km {1994})
(transportation_waterways#lithuania#600 km perennially navigable)
(transportation_pipelines#lithuania#crude oil, 105 km; natural gas 760 km {1992})
(transportation_ports#lithuania#Kaunas, Klaipeda)
(transportation_merchant_marine_total#lithuania#43 ships {1,000 GRT or over} totaling 264,639 GRT/303,649 DWT)
(transportation_merchant_marine_ships_by_type#lithuania#cargo 26, combination bulk 11, oil tanker 2, railcar carrier 1, roll-on/roll-off cargo 1, short-sea passenger 2 {1995 est.})
(transportation_airports_total#lithuania#96)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_over_3,047_m#lithuania#3)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_2,438_to_3,047_m#lithuania#2)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_1,524_to_2,437_m#lithuania#4)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_914_to_1,523_m#lithuania#2)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_under_914_m#lithuania#14)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_2,438_to_3,047_m#lithuania#1)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_1,524_to_2,437_m#lithuania#1)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_914_to_1,523_m#lithuania#6)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_under_914_m#lithuania#63 {1994 est.})
(communications_telephones#lithuania#900,000)
(communications_telephone_system#lithuania#telecommunications system ranks among the most modern of the former Soviet republics)
(communications_telephone_system_domestic#lithuania#an NMT-450 analog cellular telephone network operates in Vilnius and other cities; landlines and microwave radio relay connect switching centers)
(communications_telephone_system_international#lithuania#international connections no longer depend on the Moscow international gateway switch, but are established by satellite through Oslo from Vilnius and through Copenhagen from Kaunas; satellite earth stations - 1 Eutelsat and 1 Intelsat {Atlantic Ocean}; cellular network linked internationally through Copenhagen by Eutelsat; international electronic mail is available; landlines or microwave radio relay to former Soviet republics)
(communications_radio_broadcast_stations#lithuania#AM 13, FM 26, shortwave 1, longwave 1)
(communications_radios#lithuania#1.42 million {1993 est.})
(communications_television_broadcast_stations#lithuania#3)
(communications_televisions#lithuania#1.77 million {1993 est.})
(defense_branches#lithuania#Ground Forces, Navy, Air and Air Defense Force, Security Forces {internal and border troops}, National Guard {Skat})
(defense_manpower_availability_males_age_15-49#lithuania#903,437)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_fit_for_military_service#lithuania#712,875)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_reach_military_age_{18}_annually#lithuania#26,162 {1996 est.})
(defense_defense_expenditures#lithuania#exchange rate conversion - $31.7 million, 1% of GDP {1995})
(geography_location#luxembourg#Western Europe, between France and Germany)
(geography_geographic_coordinates#luxembourg#49 45 N, 6 10 E)
(geography_map_references#luxembourg#Europe)
(geography_area_total_area#luxembourg#2,586 sq km)
(geography_area_land_area#luxembourg#2,586 sq km)
(geography_area_comparative_area#luxembourg#slightly smaller than Rhode Island)
(geography_land_boundaries_total#luxembourg#359 km)
(geography_land_boundaries_border_countries#luxembourg#Belgium 148 km, France 73 km, Germany 138 km)
(geography_coastline#luxembourg#0 km {landlocked})
(geography_maritime_claims#luxembourg#none {landlocked})
(geography_international_disputes#luxembourg#none)
(geography_climate#luxembourg#modified continental with mild winters, cool summers)
(geography_terrain#luxembourg#mostly gently rolling uplands with broad, shallow valleys; uplands to slightly mountainous in the north; steep slope down to Moselle floodplain in the southeast)
(geography_terrain_lowest_point#luxembourg#Moselle River 133 m)
(geography_terrain_highest_point#luxembourg#Burgplatz 559 m)
(geography_natural_resources#luxembourg#iron ore {no longer exploited})
(geography_land_use_arable_land#luxembourg#24%)
(geography_land_use_permanent_crops#luxembourg#1%)
(geography_land_use_meadows_and_pastures#luxembourg#20%)
(geography_land_use_forest_and_woodland#luxembourg#21%)
(geography_land_use_other#luxembourg#34%)
(geography_irrigated_land#luxembourg#NA sq km)
(geography_environment_current_issues#luxembourg#deforestation; air and water pollution in urban areas)
(geography_environment_natural_hazards#luxembourg#NA)
(geography_environment_international_agreements#luxembourg#party to - Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Sulphur 85, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Marine Dumping, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83; signed, but not ratified - Air Pollution-Sulphur 94, Desertification, Environmental Modification, Law of the Sea)
(geography_geographic_note#luxembourg#landlocked)
(people_population#luxembourg#415,870 {July 1996 est.})
(people_age_structure_0-14_years#luxembourg#18% {male 39,199; female 37,239})
(people_age_structure_15-64_years#luxembourg#68% {male 142,394; female 138,349})
(people_age_structure_65_years_and_over#luxembourg#14% {male 23,118; female 35,571} {July 1996 est.})
(people_population_growth_rate#luxembourg#1.57% {1996 est.})
(people_birth_rate#luxembourg#13.14 births/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_death_rate#luxembourg#8.32 deaths/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_net_migration_rate#luxembourg#10.93 migrant{s}/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_sex_ratio_at_birth#luxembourg#1.09 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_under_15_years#luxembourg#1.05 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_15-64_years#luxembourg#1.03 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_65_years_and_over#luxembourg#0.65 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_all_ages#luxembourg#0.97 male{s}/female {1996 est.})
(people_infant_mortality_rate#luxembourg#4.7 deaths/1,000 live births {1996 est.})
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_total_population#luxembourg#78.26 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_male#luxembourg#75.24 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_female#luxembourg#81.56 years {1996 est.})
(people_total_fertility_rate#luxembourg#1.76 children born/woman {1996 est.})
(people_nationality_noun#luxembourg#Luxembourger{s})
(people_nationality_adjective#luxembourg#Luxembourg)
(people_ethnic_divisions#luxembourg#Celtic base {with French and German blend}, Portuguese, Italian, and European {guest and worker residents})
(people_religions#luxembourg#Roman Catholic 97%, Protestant and Jewish 3%)
(people_languages#luxembourg#Luxembourgisch, German, French, English)
(people_literacy#luxembourg#age 15 and over can read and write {1980 est.})
(people_literacy_total_population#luxembourg#100%)
(people_literacy_male#luxembourg#100%)
(people_literacy_female#luxembourg#100%)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_long_form#luxembourg#Grand Duchy of Luxembourg)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_short_form#luxembourg#Luxembourg)
(government_name_of_country_local_long_form#luxembourg#Grand-Duche de Luxembourg)
(government_name_of_country_local_short_form#luxembourg#Luxembourg)
(government_data_code#luxembourg#LU)
(government_type_of_government#luxembourg#constitutional monarchy)
(government_capital#luxembourg#Luxembourg)
(government_administrative_divisions#luxembourg#3 districts; Diekirch, Grevenmacher, Luxembourg)
(government_independence#luxembourg#1839)
(government_national_holiday#luxembourg#National Day, 23 June {1921} {public celebration of the Grand Duke's birthday})
(government_constitution#luxembourg#17 October 1868, occasional revisions)
(government_legal_system#luxembourg#based on civil law system; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction)
(government_suffrage#luxembourg#18 years of age; universal and compulsory)
(government_executive_branch_chief_of_state#luxembourg#Grand Duke JEAN {since 12 November 1964} is a hereditary monarch; Heir Apparent Prince HENRI {son of Grand Duke JEAN, born 16 April 1955})
(government_executive_branch_head_of_government#luxembourg#Prime Minister Jean-Claude JUNCKER {since 1 January 1995} and Vice Prime Minister Jacques F. POOS {since 21 July 1984} were appointed by the sovereign but are responsible to the legislature)
(government_executive_branch_cabinet#luxembourg#Council of Ministers was appointed by the sovereign, responsible to the legislature)
(government_legislative_branch#luxembourg#unicameral)
(government_chamber_of_deputies_{chambre_des_deputes}#luxembourg#elections last held 12 June 1994 {next to be held by June 1999}; results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - {60 total} CSV 21, LSAP 17, DP 12, Action Committee for Democracy and Pension Rights 5, Greens 5)
(government_chamber_of_deputies_{chambre_des_deputes}_note#luxembourg#the Council of State {Conseil d'Etat} is an advisory body whose views are considered by the Chamber of Deputies)
(government_judicial_branch#luxembourg#Superior Court of Justice {Cour Superieure de Justice}, judges are appointed for life by the Grand Duke)
(government_political_parties_and_leaders#luxembourg#Christian Social People's Party {CSV}, Erna HENNICOT-SCHOEPGES; Luxembourg Socialist Workers' Party {LSAP}, Ben FAYOT; Democratic Party {DP}, Henri GRETHEN; Action Committee for Democracy and Pension Rights, Roby MEHLEN; the Green Alternative, Abbes JACOBY; other minor parties)
(government_other_political_or_pressure_groups#luxembourg#group of steel companies representing iron and steel industry; Centrale Paysanne representing agricultural producers; Christian and Socialist labor unions; Federation of Industrialists; Artisans and Shopkeepers Federation)
(government_international_organization_participation#luxembourg#ACCT, Australia Group, Benelux, CCC, CE, EBRD, ECE, EIB, EU, FAO, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ITU, MTCR, NACC, NATO, NEA, NSG, OECD, OSCE, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCL, WEU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTrO, ZC)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_chief_of_mission#luxembourg#Ambassador Alphonse BERNS)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_chancery#luxembourg#2200 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_telephone#luxembourg#[1] {202} 265-4171)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_fax#luxembourg#[1] {202} 328-8270)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_consulate{s}_general#luxembourg#New York and San Francisco)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_chief_of_mission#luxembourg#Ambassador Clay CONSTANTINOU)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_embassy#luxembourg#22 Boulevard Emmanuel-Servais, 2535 Luxembourg City)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_mailing_address#luxembourg#American Embassy Luxembourg, Unit 1410, APO AE 09126-1410 {official mail}; American Embassy Luxembourg, PSC 9, Box 9500, APO AE 09123 {personal mail})
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_telephone#luxembourg#[352] 46 01 23)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_fax#luxembourg#[352] 46 14 01)
(government_flag#luxembourg#three equal horizontal bands of red {top}, white, and light blue; similar to the flag of the Netherlands, which uses a darker blue and is shorter; design was based on the flag of France)
(economy_economic_overview#luxembourg#The stable, prosperous economy features moderate growth, low inflation, and negligible unemployment. Agriculture is based on small but highly productive family-owned farms. The industrial sector, until recently dominated by steel, has become increasingly more diversified, particularly toward high-technology firms. During the past decade, growth in the financial sector has more than compensated for the decline in steel. Services, especially banking, account for a growing proportion of the economy. Luxembourg participates in an economic union with Belgium on trade and most financial matters, is also closely connected economically to the Netherlands, and, as a member of the EU, enjoys the advantages of the open European market.)
(economy_gdp#luxembourg#purchasing power parity - $10 billion {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_real_growth_rate#luxembourg#2.6% {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_per_capita#luxembourg#$24,800 {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_agriculture#luxembourg#1.4%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_industry#luxembourg#33.7%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_services#luxembourg#64.9% {1994})
(economy_inflation_rate_{consumer_prices}#luxembourg#3.6% {1992})
(economy_labor_force#luxembourg#200,400 {1992} {one-third of labor force is foreign workers, mostly from Portugal, Italy, France, Belgium, and Germany})
(economy_labor_force_by_occupation#luxembourg#trade, restaurants, hotels 20%, mining, quarrying, manufacturing 18%, other market services 17%, community, social, personal services 14%, construction 11%, finance, insurance, real estate, business services 9%, transport, storage, communications 7%, agriculture, hunting, forestry, fishing 3%, electricity, gas, water 1%)
(economy_unemployment_rate#luxembourg#2.5% {1995})
(economy_budget_revenues#luxembourg#$4 billion)
(economy_budget_expenditures#luxembourg#$4.05 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA {1994 est.})
(economy_industries#luxembourg#banking, iron and steel, food processing, chemicals, metal products, engineering, tires, glass, aluminum)
(economy_industrial_production_growth_rate#luxembourg#NA%)
(economy_electricity_capacity#luxembourg#1,238,750 kW)
(economy_electricity_production#luxembourg#1.374 billion kWh)
(economy_electricity_consumption_per_capita#luxembourg#3,395 kWh {1993})
(economy_agriculture#luxembourg#barley, oats, potatoes, wheat, fruits, wine grapes; livestock products)
(economy_exports#luxembourg#$5.9 million {f.o.b., 1993 est.})
(economy_exports_commodities#luxembourg#finished steel products, chemicals, rubber products, glass, aluminum, other industrial products)
(economy_exports_partners#luxembourg#Germany 28%, France 18%, Belgium 15%, UK 7%, Netherlands 5%)
(economy_imports#luxembourg#$7.5 million {c.i.f., 1993 est.})
(economy_imports_commodities#luxembourg#minerals, metals, foodstuffs, quality consumer goods)
(economy_imports_partners#luxembourg#Belgium 38%, Germany 25%, France 11%, Netherlands 4%)
(economy_external_debt#luxembourg#$800 million {1994 est.})
(economy_economic_aid_donor#luxembourg#ODA, $50 million {1993})
(economy_currency#luxembourg#1 Luxembourg franc {LuxF} = 100 centimes)
(economy_exchange_rates#luxembourg#Luxembourg francs {LuxF} per US$1 - 30.036 {January 1996}, 29.480 {1995}, 33.456 {1994}, 34.597 {1993}, 32.150 {1992}, 34.148 {1991}; note - the Luxembourg franc is at par with the Belgian franc, which circulates freely in Luxembourg)
(economy_fiscal_year#luxembourg#calendar year)
(transportation_railways_total#luxembourg#275 km)
(transportation_railways_standard_gauge#luxembourg#275 km 1.435-m gauge {262 km electrified; 178 km double track} {1995})
(transportation_highways_total#luxembourg#5,134 km)
(transportation_highways_paved#luxembourg#5,088 km {including 121 km of expressways})
(transportation_highways_unpaved#luxembourg#46 km {1995 est.})
(transportation_waterways#luxembourg#37 km; Moselle)
(transportation_pipelines#luxembourg#petroleum products 48 km)
(transportation_ports#luxembourg#Mertert)
(transportation_merchant_marine_total#luxembourg#36 ships {1,000 GRT or over} totaling 825,496 GRT/1,238,354 DWT)
(transportation_merchant_marine_ships_by_type#luxembourg#bulk 3, chemical tanker 4, combination bulk 6, container 2, liquefied gas tanker 6, oil tanker 5, passenger 2, refrigerated cargo 6, roll-on/roll-off cargo 2 {1995 est.})
(transportation_airports_total#luxembourg#2)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_over_3,047_m#luxembourg#1)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_under_914_m#luxembourg#1 {1995 est.})
(communications_telephones#luxembourg#214,821 {1993 est.})
(communications_telephone_system#luxembourg#highly developed, completely automated and efficient system, mainly buried cables)
(communications_telephone_system_domestic#luxembourg#nationwide cellular telephone system; buried cable)
(communications_telephone_system_international#luxembourg#3 channels leased on TAT-6 coaxial submarine cable {Europe to North America})
(communications_radio_broadcast_stations#luxembourg#AM 2, FM 3, shortwave 0)
(communications_radios#luxembourg#230,000 {1993 est.})
(communications_television_broadcast_stations#luxembourg#3 {1987 est.} and 1 direct-broadcast satellite link)
(communications_televisions#luxembourg#100,500 {1993 est.})
(defense_branches#luxembourg#Army, National Gendarmerie)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_age_15-49#luxembourg#108,271)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_fit_for_military_service#luxembourg#89,427)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_reach_military_age_{19}_annually#luxembourg#2,188 {1996 est.})
(defense_defense_expenditures#luxembourg#exchange rate conversion - $142 million, 0.8% of GDP {1995})
(header_affiliation#macau#{overseas territory of Portugal})
(geography_location#macau#Eastern Asia, bordering the South China Sea and China)
(geography_geographic_coordinates#macau#22 10 N, 113 33 E)
(geography_map_references#macau#Southeast Asia)
(geography_area_total_area#macau#16 sq km)
(geography_area_land_area#macau#16 sq km)
(geography_area_comparative_area#macau#about 0.1 times the size of Washington, DC)
(geography_land_boundaries_total#macau#0.34 km)
(geography_land_boundaries_border_country#macau#China 0.34 km)
(geography_coastline#macau#40 km)
(geography_maritime_claims#macau#not specified)
(geography_international_disputes#macau#none)
(geography_climate#macau#subtropical; marine with cool winters, warm summers)
(geography_terrain#macau#generally flat)
(geography_terrain_lowest_point#macau#South China Sea 0 m)
(geography_terrain_highest_point#macau#Coloane Alto 174 m)
(geography_natural_resources#macau#NEGL)
(geography_land_use_arable_land#macau#0%)
(geography_land_use_permanent_crops#macau#0%)
(geography_land_use_meadows_and_pastures#macau#0%)
(geography_land_use_forest_and_woodland#macau#0%)
(geography_land_use_other#macau#100%)
(geography_irrigated_land#macau#NA sq km)
(geography_environment_current_issues#macau#NA)
(geography_environment_natural_hazards#macau#NA)
(geography_environment_international_agreements#macau#party to - Ozone Layer Protection {extended from Portugal})
(geography_geographic_note#macau#essentially urban; one causeway and one bridge connect the two islands to the peninsula on mainland)
(people_population#macau#496,837 {July 1996 est.})
(people_age_structure_0-14_years#macau#24% {male 60,709; female 57,004})
(people_age_structure_15-64_years#macau#68% {male 167,466; female 169,486})
(people_age_structure_65_years_and_over#macau#8% {male 17,569; female 24,603} {July 1996 est.})
(people_population_growth_rate#macau#1.15% {1996 est.})
(people_birth_rate#macau#14.16 births/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_death_rate#macau#4.31 deaths/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_net_migration_rate#macau#1.66 migrant{s}/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_sex_ratio_at_birth#macau#1.05 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_under_15_years#macau#1.06 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_15-64_years#macau#0.99 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_65_years_and_over#macau#0.71 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_all_ages#macau#0.98 male{s}/female {1996 est.})
(people_infant_mortality_rate#macau#5.3 deaths/1,000 live births {1996 est.})
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_total_population#macau#79.95 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_male#macau#77.49 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_female#macau#82.54 years {1996 est.})
(people_total_fertility_rate#macau#1.51 children born/woman {1996 est.})
(people_nationality_noun#macau#Macanese {singular and plural})
(people_nationality_adjective#macau#Macau)
(people_ethnic_divisions#macau#Chinese 95%, Portuguese 3%, other 2%)
(people_religions#macau#Buddhist 45%, Roman Catholic 7%, Protestant 1%, none 45.8%, other 1.2% {1981})
(people_languages#macau#Portuguese {official} 4%, Chinese {Cantonese} is the language of commerce)
(people_literacy#macau#age 15 and over can read and write {1981 est.})
(people_literacy_total_population#macau#90%)
(people_literacy_male#macau#93%)
(people_literacy_female#macau#86%)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_long_form#macau#none)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_short_form#macau#Macau)
(government_name_of_country_local_long_form#macau#none)
(government_name_of_country_local_short_form#macau#Ilha de Macau)
(government_data_code#macau#MC)
(government_type_of_government#macau#overseas territory of Portugal scheduled to revert to China in 1999)
(government_capital#macau#Macau)
(government_administrative_divisions#macau#2 districts {concelhos, singular - concelho}; Ilhas, Macau)
(government_independence#macau#none {territory of Portugal; Portugal signed an agreement with China on 13 April 1987 to return Macau to China on 20 December 1999; in the joint declaration, China promises to respect Macau's existing social and economic systems and lifestyle for 50 years after transition})
(government_national_holiday#macau#Day of Portugal, 10 June {1580})
(government_constitution#macau#17 February 1976, Organic Law of Macau; basic law drafted primarily by Beijing promulgated 31 March 1993)
(government_legal_system#macau#Portuguese civil law system)
(government_suffrage#macau#18 years of age; universal)
(government_executive_branch_chief_of_state#macau#President {of Portugal} Mario Alberto SOARES {since 9 March 1986})
(government_executive_branch_head_of_government#macau#Governor Gen. Vasco Joachim Rocha VIEIRA {since 20 March 1991} was appointed by the President of Portugal after consultation with the Legislative Assembly)
(government_executive_branch_cabinet#macau#Consultative Council consists of a total of 15 members - five appointed by the governor, two nominated by the governor, five elected for a four-year term {two represent administrative bodies, one represents moral, cultural, and welfare interests, and two represent economic interests}, and three statutory members)
(government_legislative_branch#macau#unicameral)
(government_legislative_assembly#macau#elections last held 10 March 1991 {next to be held NA}; results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - {23 total, 8 elected by direct vote, 8 by indirect vote, and 7 appointed by the governor} number of seats by party NA)
(government_judicial_branch#macau#Supreme Court, consisting of five magistrates including the president; lower court judges appointed for three years by governor)
(government_political_parties_and_leaders#macau#Association to Defend the Interests of Macau; Macau Democratic Center; Group to Study the Development of Macau; Macau Independent Group)
(government_other_political_or_pressure_groups#macau#wealthy Macanese and Chinese representing local interests, wealthy procommunist merchants representing China's interests; in January 1967 the Macau Government acceded to Chinese demands that gave China veto power over administration)
(government_international_organization_participation#macau#CCC, ESCAP {associate}, IMO {associate}, Interpol {subbureau}, UNESCO {associate}, WToO {associate}, WTrO)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us#macau#none {Chinese territory under Portuguese administration})
(government_us_diplomatic_representation#macau#the US has no offices in Macau, and US interests are monitored by the US Consulate General in Hong Kong)
(government_flag#macau#the flag of Portugal is used)
(economy_economic_overview#macau#The economy is based largely on tourism {including gambling} and textile and fireworks manufacturing. Efforts to diversify have spawned other small industries - toys, artificial flowers, and electronics. The tourist sector has accounted for roughly 25% of GDP, and the clothing industry has provided about two-thirds of export earnings; the gambling industry probably represents over 40% of GDP. Macau depends on China for most of its food, fresh water, and energy imports. Japan and Hong Kong are the main suppliers of raw materials and capital goods.)
(economy_gdp#macau#purchasing power parity - $6.4 billion {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_real_growth_rate#macau#4% {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_per_capita#macau#$13,000 {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_agriculture#macau#NA%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_industry#macau#NA%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_services#macau#NA%)
(economy_inflation_rate_{consumer_prices}#macau#8.6% {1995 est.})
(economy_labor_force#macau#180,000 {1986})
(economy_labor_force_by_occupation#macau#NA)
(economy_unemployment_rate#macau#2% {1992 est.})
(economy_budget_revenues#macau#$305 million)
(economy_budget_expenditures#macau#$298 million, including capital expenditures of $NA {1989 est.})
(economy_industries#macau#clothing, textiles, toys, plastic products, furniture, tourism)
(economy_industrial_production_growth_rate#macau#NA%)
(economy_electricity_capacity#macau#258,000 kW)
(economy_electricity_production#macau#950 million kWh)
(economy_electricity_consumption_per_capita#macau#2,093 kWh {1993})
(economy_agriculture#macau#rice, vegetables)
(economy_exports#macau#$1.9 billion {1995 est.})
(economy_exports_commodities#macau#textiles, clothing, toys)
(economy_exports_partners#macau#US 35%, Hong Kong 12.5%, Germany 12%, China 9.9%, France 8% {1992 est.})
(economy_imports#macau#$2 billion {1992 est.})
(economy_imports_commodities#macau#raw materials, foodstuffs, capital goods)
(economy_imports_partners#macau#Hong Kong 33%, China 20%, Japan 18% {1992 est.})
(economy_external_debt#macau#$0 {1995})
(economy_economic_aid_recipient#macau#ODA, $NA)
(economy_currency#macau#1 pataca {P} = 100 avos)
(economy_exchange_rates#macau#patacas {P} per US$1 - 8.034 {1991-95}, 8.024 {1990}, 8.030 {1989}; note - linked to the Hong Kong dollar at the rate of 1.03 patacas per Hong Kong dollar)
(economy_fiscal_year#macau#calendar year)
(transportation_railways#macau#0 km)
(transportation_highways_total#macau#90 km)
(transportation_highways_paved#macau#42 km)
(transportation_highways_unpaved#macau#48 km {1987 est.})
(transportation_ports#macau#Macau)
(transportation_merchant_marine#macau#none)
(transportation_airports#macau#new international airport completed in 1995; 1 seaplane station)
(communications_telephones#macau#170,021 {1994 est.})
(communications_telephone_system#macau#fairly modern communication facilities maintained for domestic and international services)
(communications_telephone_system_domestic#macau#NA)
(communications_telephone_system_international#macau#HF radiotelephone communication facility; access to international communications carriers provided via Hong Kong and China; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat {Indian Ocean})
(communications_radio_broadcast_stations#macau#AM 4, FM 3, shortwave 0)
(communications_radios#macau#135,000 {1992 est.})
(communications_television_broadcast_stations#macau#0)
(communications_television_broadcast_stations_note#macau#TV programs received from Hong Kong)
(communications_televisions#macau#34,000 {1992 est.})
(defense_branches#macau#NA)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_age_15-49#macau#142,704)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_fit_for_military_service#macau#79,225 {1996 est.})
(defense_defense_note#macau#defense is the responsibility of Portugal)
(geography_location#macedonia,_the_former_yugoslav_republic_of#Southeastern Europe, north of Greece)
(geography_geographic_coordinates#macedonia,_the_former_yugoslav_republic_of#41 50 N, 22 00 E)
(geography_map_references#macedonia,_the_former_yugoslav_republic_of#Europe)
(geography_area_total_area#macedonia,_the_former_yugoslav_republic_of#25,333 sq km)
(geography_area_land_area#macedonia,_the_former_yugoslav_republic_of#24,856 sq km)
(geography_area_comparative_area#macedonia,_the_former_yugoslav_republic_of#slightly larger than Vermont)
(geography_land_boundaries_total#macedonia,_the_former_yugoslav_republic_of#748 km)
(geography_land_boundaries_border_countries#macedonia,_the_former_yugoslav_republic_of#Albania 151 km, Bulgaria 148 km, Greece 228 km, Serbia and Montenegro 221 km {all with Serbia})
(geography_coastline#macedonia,_the_former_yugoslav_republic_of#0 km {landlocked})
(geography_maritime_claims#macedonia,_the_former_yugoslav_republic_of#none {landlocked})
(geography_international_disputes#macedonia,_the_former_yugoslav_republic_of#dispute with Greece over name; in September 1995, Skopje and Athens signed an interim accord resolving their dispute over symbols and certain constitutional provisions; Athens also lifted its economic embargo on the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia)
(geography_climate#macedonia,_the_former_yugoslav_republic_of#hot, dry summers and autumns and relatively cold winters with heavy snowfall)
(geography_terrain#macedonia,_the_former_yugoslav_republic_of#mountainous territory covered with deep basins and valleys; there are three large lakes, each divided by a frontier line; country bisected by the Vardar River)
(geography_terrain_lowest_point#macedonia,_the_former_yugoslav_republic_of#Vardar River 50 m)
(geography_terrain_highest_point#macedonia,_the_former_yugoslav_republic_of#Korab 2,753 m)
(geography_natural_resources#macedonia,_the_former_yugoslav_republic_of#chromium, lead, zinc, manganese, tungsten, nickel, low-grade iron ore, asbestos, sulfur, timber)
(geography_land_use_arable_land#macedonia,_the_former_yugoslav_republic_of#5%)
(geography_land_use_permanent_crops#macedonia,_the_former_yugoslav_republic_of#5%)
(geography_land_use_meadows_and_pastures#macedonia,_the_former_yugoslav_republic_of#20%)
(geography_land_use_forest_and_woodland#macedonia,_the_former_yugoslav_republic_of#30%)
(geography_land_use_other#macedonia,_the_former_yugoslav_republic_of#40%)
(geography_irrigated_land#macedonia,_the_former_yugoslav_republic_of#NA sq km)
(geography_environment_current_issues#macedonia,_the_former_yugoslav_republic_of#air pollution from metallurgical plants)
(geography_environment_natural_hazards#macedonia,_the_former_yugoslav_republic_of#high seismic risks)
(geography_environment_international_agreements#macedonia,_the_former_yugoslav_republic_of#party to - Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection)
(geography_geographic_note#macedonia,_the_former_yugoslav_republic_of#landlocked; major transportation corridor from Western and Central Europe to Aegean Sea and Southern Europe to Western Europe)
(people_population#macedonia,_the_former_yugoslav_republic_of#2,104,035 {July 1996 est.})
(people_population_note#macedonia,_the_former_yugoslav_republic_of#the Macedonian government census of July 1994 put the population at 1.94 million, but ethnic allocations were likely undercounted)
(people_age_structure_0-14_years#macedonia,_the_former_yugoslav_republic_of#22% {male 242,593; female 228,563})
(people_age_structure_15-64_years#macedonia,_the_former_yugoslav_republic_of#68% {male 728,969; female 703,665})
(people_age_structure_65_years_and_over#macedonia,_the_former_yugoslav_republic_of#10% {male 90,363; female 109,882} {July 1996 est.})
(people_population_growth_rate#macedonia,_the_former_yugoslav_republic_of#0.46% {1996 est.})
(people_birth_rate#macedonia,_the_former_yugoslav_republic_of#13.31 births/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_death_rate#macedonia,_the_former_yugoslav_republic_of#8.47 deaths/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_net_migration_rate#macedonia,_the_former_yugoslav_republic_of#-0.2 migrant{s}/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_sex_ratio_at_birth#macedonia,_the_former_yugoslav_republic_of#1.08 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_under_15_years#macedonia,_the_former_yugoslav_republic_of#1.06 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_15-64_years#macedonia,_the_former_yugoslav_republic_of#1.04 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_65_years_and_over#macedonia,_the_former_yugoslav_republic_of#0.82 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_all_ages#macedonia,_the_former_yugoslav_republic_of#1.02 male{s}/female {1996 est.})
(people_infant_mortality_rate#macedonia,_the_former_yugoslav_republic_of#29.7 deaths/1,000 live births {1996 est.})
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_total_population#macedonia,_the_former_yugoslav_republic_of#71.94 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_male#macedonia,_the_former_yugoslav_republic_of#69.86 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_female#macedonia,_the_former_yugoslav_republic_of#74.18 years {1996 est.})
(people_total_fertility_rate#macedonia,_the_former_yugoslav_republic_of#1.82 children born/woman {1996 est.})
(people_nationality_noun#macedonia,_the_former_yugoslav_republic_of#Macedonian{s})
(people_nationality_adjective#macedonia,_the_former_yugoslav_republic_of#Macedonian)
(people_ethnic_divisions#macedonia,_the_former_yugoslav_republic_of#Macedonian 65%, Albanian 22%, Turkish 4%, Serb 2%, Gypsies 3%, other 4%)
(people_religions#macedonia,_the_former_yugoslav_republic_of#Eastern Orthodox 67%, Muslim 30%, other 3%)
(people_languages#macedonia,_the_former_yugoslav_republic_of#Macedonian 70%, Albanian 21%, Turkish 3%, Serbo-Croatian 3%, other 3%)
(people_literacy#macedonia,_the_former_yugoslav_republic_of#NA)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_long_form#macedonia,_the_former_yugoslav_republic_of#The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_short_form#macedonia,_the_former_yugoslav_republic_of#none)
(government_name_of_country_local_long_form#macedonia,_the_former_yugoslav_republic_of#Republika Makedonija)
(government_name_of_country_local_short_form#macedonia,_the_former_yugoslav_republic_of#Makedonija)
(government_name_of_country_abbreviation#macedonia,_the_former_yugoslav_republic_of#FYROM)
(government_data_code#macedonia,_the_former_yugoslav_republic_of#MK)
(government_type_of_government#macedonia,_the_former_yugoslav_republic_of#emerging democracy)
(government_capital#macedonia,_the_former_yugoslav_republic_of#Skopje)
(government_administrative_divisions#macedonia,_the_former_yugoslav_republic_of#34 counties {opstinas, singular - opstina} Berovo, Bitola, Brod, Debar, Delcevo, Gevgelija, Gostivar, Kavadarci, Kicevo, Kocani, Kratovo, Kriva Palanka, Krusevo, Kumanovo, Murgasevo, Negotino, Ohrid, Prilep, Probistip, Radovis, Resen, Skopje-Centar, Skopje-Cair, Skopje-Karpos, Skopje-Kisela Voda, Skopje-Gazi Baba, Stip, Struga, Strumica, Sveti Nikole, Tetovo, Titov Veles, Valandovo, Vinica)
(government_independence#macedonia,_the_former_yugoslav_republic_of#17 September 1991 {from Yugoslavia})
(government_national_holiday#macedonia,_the_former_yugoslav_republic_of#8 September)
(government_constitution#macedonia,_the_former_yugoslav_republic_of#adopted 17 November 1991, effective 20 November 1991)
(government_legal_system#macedonia,_the_former_yugoslav_republic_of#based on civil law system; judicial review of legislative acts)
(government_suffrage#macedonia,_the_former_yugoslav_republic_of#18 years of age; universal)
(government_executive_branch_chief_of_state#macedonia,_the_former_yugoslav_republic_of#President Kiro GLIGOROV {since 27 January 1991} was elected by the Assembly in 1991 and reelected by popular vote in 1994; election last held 16 October 1994 {next to be held NA 1997}; results - percent of vote NA; note - following a failed assassination attempt on the president in October 1995, then Parliamentary Speaker Stojan ANDOV was acting president; GLIGOROV resumed his duties in early 1996)
(government_executive_branch_head_of_government#macedonia,_the_former_yugoslav_republic_of#Prime Minister Branko CRVENKOVSKI {since 4 September 1992} was appointed by the president)
(government_executive_branch_cabinet#macedonia,_the_former_yugoslav_republic_of#Council of Ministers were elected by the majority vote of all the deputies in the Assembly; note - after the withdrawal of the Liberal Party from the ruling coalition in early 1996, the Council of Ministers was reorganized without LP participation)
(government_legislative_branch#macedonia,_the_former_yugoslav_republic_of#unicameral)
(government_assembly_{sobranje}#macedonia,_the_former_yugoslav_republic_of#elections last held 16 and 30 October 1994 {next to be held NA November 1998}; results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - {120 total} SDSM 58, LP 29, SPM 8, PDP 10, NDP 4, independents 7, other 4)
(government_judicial_branch#macedonia,_the_former_yugoslav_republic_of#Constitutional Court, judges are elected by the Judicial Council; Judicial Court of the Republic, judges are elected by the Judicial Council)
(government_political_parties_and_leaders#macedonia,_the_former_yugoslav_republic_of#Social-Democratic Alliance of Macedonia {SDSM; former Communist Party}, Branko CRVENKOVSKI, president; Party for Democratic Prosperity {PDP}, Abdurahman HALITI, president; National Democratic Party {NDP}, Ilijas HALINI, president; Alliance of Reform Forces of Macedonia - Liberal Party {SRSM-LP}, Stojan ANDOV, president; Socialist Party of Macedonia {SPM}, Kiro POPOVSKI, president; Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization - Democratic Party for Macedonian National Unity {VMRO-DPMNE}, Ljupco GEORGIEVSKI, president; Party of Yugoslavs in Macedonia {SJM}, Milan DURCINOV, president; Democratic Party {DP}, Petar GOSEV, president; Party for Democratic Prosperity of Albanians {PDPA}, Arben XHAFFERI, president)
(government_other_political_or_pressure_groups#macedonia,_the_former_yugoslav_republic_of#Movement for All Macedonian Action {MAAK}; Democratic Party of Serbs; Democratic Party of Turks; Party for Democratic Action {Slavic Muslim})
(government_international_organization_participation#macedonia,_the_former_yugoslav_republic_of#CCC, CE, CEI, EBRD, ECE, FAO, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Intelsat {nonsignatory user}, Interpol, IOC, ITU, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTrO {observer})
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_chief_of_mission#macedonia,_the_former_yugoslav_republic_of#Ambassador Ljubica ACEVSKA)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_chancery#macedonia,_the_former_yugoslav_republic_of#3050 K Street, NW, Suite 210, Washington, DC 20007)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_telephone#macedonia,_the_former_yugoslav_republic_of#[1] {202} 337 3063)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_fax#macedonia,_the_former_yugoslav_republic_of#[1] {202} 337 3093)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_chief_of_mission#macedonia,_the_former_yugoslav_republic_of#Ambassador-designate Christopher HILL; Charge d'Affaires Victor D. COMRAS)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_embassy#macedonia,_the_former_yugoslav_republic_of#ul. 27 Mart No. 5, 9100 Skopje)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_mailing_address#macedonia,_the_former_yugoslav_republic_of#United States Liaison Office Skopje, Department of State, Washington, DC 20521-7120 {pouch})
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_telephone#macedonia,_the_former_yugoslav_republic_of#[389] {91} 116-180)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_fax#macedonia,_the_former_yugoslav_republic_of#[389] {91} 117-103)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_note#macedonia,_the_former_yugoslav_republic_of#the US agreed to establish full diplomatic relations with the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia in September 1995, and to upgrade the Liaison Office to an Embassy)
(government_flag#macedonia,_the_former_yugoslav_republic_of#a rising yellow sun with 8 rays extending to the edges of the red field)
(economy_economic_overview#macedonia,_the_former_yugoslav_republic_of#The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, although the poorest republic in the former Yugoslav federation, can meet basic food and energy needs through its own agricultural and coal resources. Its economic decline will continue unless ties are reforged or enlarged with its neighbors Serbia and Montenegro, Albania, Greece, and Bulgaria. The economy depends on outside sources for all of its oil and gas and most of its modern machinery and parts. An important supplement of GDP is the remittances from thousands of Macedonians working in Germany and other West European nations. The end of sanctions on Serbia and the lifting of the Greek embargo on Macedonia have reopened its natural trade corridors, but the country has been slow to capitalize on these opportunities. Moreover, the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia's geographical isolation, technological underdevelopment, and potential political instability place it far down the list of countries of interest to Western investors. An internal commitment to economic reform would encourage foreign investment over the long run.)
(economy_gdp#macedonia,_the_former_yugoslav_republic_of#purchasing power parity - $1.9 billion {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_real_growth_rate#macedonia,_the_former_yugoslav_republic_of#4%)
(economy_gdp_per_capita#macedonia,_the_former_yugoslav_republic_of#$880 {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_agriculture#macedonia,_the_former_yugoslav_republic_of#24%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_industry#macedonia,_the_former_yugoslav_republic_of#44%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_services#macedonia,_the_former_yugoslav_republic_of#32%)
(economy_inflation_rate_{consumer_prices}#macedonia,_the_former_yugoslav_republic_of#14.8% {1995 est.})
(economy_labor_force#macedonia,_the_former_yugoslav_republic_of#591,773 {June 1994})
(economy_labor_force_by_occupation#macedonia,_the_former_yugoslav_republic_of#manufacturing and mining 40% {1992})
(economy_unemployment_rate#macedonia,_the_former_yugoslav_republic_of#37% {1995 est.})
(economy_budget_revenues#macedonia,_the_former_yugoslav_republic_of#$NA)
(economy_budget_expenditures#macedonia,_the_former_yugoslav_republic_of#$NA, including capital expenditures of $NA)
(economy_industries#macedonia,_the_former_yugoslav_republic_of#coal, metallic chromium, lead, zinc, ferronickel, textiles, wood products, tobacco)
(economy_industrial_production_growth_rate#macedonia,_the_former_yugoslav_republic_of#-14% {1993})
(economy_electricity_capacity#macedonia,_the_former_yugoslav_republic_of#1,600,000 kW)
(economy_electricity_production#macedonia,_the_former_yugoslav_republic_of#6.046 billion kWh)
(economy_electricity_consumption_per_capita#macedonia,_the_former_yugoslav_republic_of#2,941 kWh {1992})
(economy_agriculture#macedonia,_the_former_yugoslav_republic_of#rice, tobacco, wheat, corn, millet, cotton, sesame, mulberry leaves, citrus, vegetables; beef, pork, poultry, mutton)
(economy_illicit_drugs#macedonia,_the_former_yugoslav_republic_of#limited illicit opium cultivation; transshipment point for Southwest Asian heroin)
(economy_exports#macedonia,_the_former_yugoslav_republic_of#$916.2 million {1995})
(economy_exports_commodities#macedonia,_the_former_yugoslav_republic_of#manufactured goods 40%, machinery and transport equipment 14%, miscellaneous manufactured articles 23%, raw materials 7.6%, food {rice} and live animals 5.7%, beverages and tobacco 4.5%, chemicals 4.7% {1990})
(economy_exports_partners#macedonia,_the_former_yugoslav_republic_of#principally Serbia and Montenegro and the other former Yugoslav republics, Germany, Greece, Albania)
(economy_imports#macedonia,_the_former_yugoslav_republic_of#$199 million {1995})
(economy_imports_commodities#macedonia,_the_former_yugoslav_republic_of#fuels and lubricants 19%, manufactured goods 18%, machinery and transport equipment 15%, food and live animals 14%, chemicals 11.4%, raw materials 10%, miscellaneous manufactured articles 8.0%, beverages and tobacco 3.5% {1990})
(economy_imports_partners#macedonia,_the_former_yugoslav_republic_of#other former Yugoslav republics, Greece, Albania, Germany, Bulgaria)
(economy_external_debt#macedonia,_the_former_yugoslav_republic_of#$737.1 million {1994})
(economy_economic_aid_recipient#macedonia,_the_former_yugoslav_republic_of#ODA, $NA)
(economy_economic_aid_note#macedonia,_the_former_yugoslav_republic_of#US, $10 million {for humanitarian and technical assistance}; in December 1995, the EU agreed to provide a credit line of ECU 21.7 million for investment projects)
(economy_currency#macedonia,_the_former_yugoslav_republic_of#the denar, which was adopted by the Macedonian legislature 26 April 1992, was initially issued in the form of a coupon pegged to the German mark; subsequently repegged to a basket of seven currencies)
(economy_exchange_rates#macedonia,_the_former_yugoslav_republic_of#denar per US$1 - 38.8 {December 1995}, 39 {November 1994}, 865 {October 1992})
(economy_fiscal_year#macedonia,_the_former_yugoslav_republic_of#calendar year)
(transportation_railways_total#macedonia,_the_former_yugoslav_republic_of#699 km)
(transportation_railways_standard_gauge#macedonia,_the_former_yugoslav_republic_of#699 km 1.435-m gauge {232 km electrified} {1995})
(transportation_highways_total#macedonia,_the_former_yugoslav_republic_of#10,591 km)
(transportation_highways_paved#macedonia,_the_former_yugoslav_republic_of#5,091 km)
(transportation_highways_unpaved#macedonia,_the_former_yugoslav_republic_of#5,500 km {1991 est.})
(transportation_waterways#macedonia,_the_former_yugoslav_republic_of#none, lake transport only)
(transportation_pipelines#macedonia,_the_former_yugoslav_republic_of#none)
(transportation_ports#macedonia,_the_former_yugoslav_republic_of#none)
(transportation_airports_total#macedonia,_the_former_yugoslav_republic_of#16)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_2,438_to_3,047_m#macedonia,_the_former_yugoslav_republic_of#2)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_under_914_m#macedonia,_the_former_yugoslav_republic_of#12)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_914_to_1,523_m#macedonia,_the_former_yugoslav_republic_of#2 {1995 est.})
(communications_telephones#macedonia,_the_former_yugoslav_republic_of#125,000)
(communications_telephone_system_domestic#macedonia,_the_former_yugoslav_republic_of#NA)
(communications_telephone_system_international#macedonia,_the_former_yugoslav_republic_of#NA)
(communications_radio_broadcast_stations#macedonia,_the_former_yugoslav_republic_of#AM 6, FM 2, shortwave 0)
(communications_radios#macedonia,_the_former_yugoslav_republic_of#369,000 {1992 est.})
(communications_television_broadcast_stations#macedonia,_the_former_yugoslav_republic_of#5 {relays 2})
(communications_televisions#macedonia,_the_former_yugoslav_republic_of#327,011 {1992 est.})
(defense_branches#macedonia,_the_former_yugoslav_republic_of#Army, Navy, Air and Air Defense Forces, Police Force)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_age_15-49#macedonia,_the_former_yugoslav_republic_of#571,927)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_fit_for_military_service#macedonia,_the_former_yugoslav_republic_of#458,231)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_reach_military_age_{19}_annually#macedonia,_the_former_yugoslav_republic_of#16,698 {1996 est.})
(defense_defense_expenditures#macedonia,_the_former_yugoslav_republic_of#7 billion denars, NA% of GDP {1993 est.}; note - conversion of defense expenditures into US dollars using the current exchange rate could produce misleading results)
(geography_location#madagascar#Southern Africa, island in the Indian Ocean, east of Mozambique)
(geography_geographic_coordinates#madagascar#20 00 S, 47 00 E)
(geography_map_references#madagascar#Africa)
(geography_area_total_area#madagascar#587,040 sq km)
(geography_area_land_area#madagascar#581,540 sq km)
(geography_area_comparative_area#madagascar#slightly less than twice the size of Arizona)
(geography_land_boundaries#madagascar#0 km)
(geography_coastline#madagascar#4,828 km)
(geography_maritime_claims_contiguous_zone#madagascar#24 nm)
(geography_maritime_claims_continental_shelf#madagascar#200 nm or 100 nm from the 2,500-m isobath)
(geography_maritime_claims_exclusive_economic_zone#madagascar#200 nm)
(geography_maritime_claims_territorial_sea#madagascar#12 nm)
(geography_international_disputes#madagascar#claims Bassas da India, Europa Island, Glorioso Islands, Juan de Nova Island, and Tromelin Island {all administered by France})
(geography_climate#madagascar#tropical along coast, temperate inland, arid in south)
(geography_terrain#madagascar#narrow coastal plain, high plateau and mountains in center)
(geography_terrain_lowest_point#madagascar#Indian Ocean 0 m)
(geography_terrain_highest_point#madagascar#Maromokotro 2,876 m)
(geography_natural_resources#madagascar#graphite, chromite, coal, bauxite, salt, quartz, tar sands, semiprecious stones, mica, fish)
(geography_land_use_arable_land#madagascar#4%)
(geography_land_use_permanent_crops#madagascar#1%)
(geography_land_use_meadows_and_pastures#madagascar#58%)
(geography_land_use_forest_and_woodland#madagascar#26%)
(geography_land_use_other#madagascar#11%)
(geography_irrigated_land#madagascar#9,000 sq km {1989 est.})
(geography_environment_current_issues#madagascar#soil erosion results from deforestation and overgrazing; desertification; surface water contaminated with raw sewage and other organic wastes; several species of flora and fauna unique to the island are endangered)
(geography_environment_natural_hazards#madagascar#periodic cyclones)
(geography_environment_international_agreements#madagascar#party to - Endangered Species, Marine Life Conservation, Nuclear Test Ban; signed, but not ratified - Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Law of the Sea)
(geography_geographic_note#madagascar#world's fourth-largest island; strategic location along Mozambique Channel)
(people_population#madagascar#13,670,507 {July 1996 est.})
(people_age_structure_0-14_years#madagascar#45% {male 3,105,958; female 3,034,279})
(people_age_structure_15-64_years#madagascar#52% {male 3,499,021; female 3,573,052})
(people_age_structure_65_years_and_over#madagascar#3% {male 224,710; female 233,487} {July 1996 est.})
(people_population_growth_rate#madagascar#2.83% {1996 est.})
(people_birth_rate#madagascar#42.63 births/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_death_rate#madagascar#14.38 deaths/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_net_migration_rate#madagascar#0 migrant{s}/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_sex_ratio_at_birth#madagascar#1.03 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_under_15_years#madagascar#1.02 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_15-64_years#madagascar#0.98 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_65_years_and_over#madagascar#0.96 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_all_ages#madagascar#1 male{s}/female {1996 est.})
(people_infant_mortality_rate#madagascar#93.5 deaths/1,000 live births {1996 est.})
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_total_population#madagascar#52.19 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_male#madagascar#51.11 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_female#madagascar#53.3 years {1996 est.})
(people_total_fertility_rate#madagascar#5.89 children born/woman {1996 est.})
(people_nationality_noun#madagascar#Malagasy {singular and plural})
(people_nationality_adjective#madagascar#Malagasy)
(people_ethnic_divisions#madagascar#Malayo-Indonesian {Merina and related Betsileo}, Cotiers {mixed African, Malayo-Indonesian, and Arab ancestry - Betsimisaraka, Tsimihety, Antaisaka, Sakalava}, French, Indian, Creole, Comoran)
(people_religions#madagascar#indigenous beliefs 52%, Christian 41%, Muslim 7%)
(people_languages#madagascar#French {official}, Malagasy {official})
(people_literacy#madagascar#age 15 and over can read and write {1990 est.})
(people_literacy_total_population#madagascar#80%)
(people_literacy_male#madagascar#88%)
(people_literacy_female#madagascar#73%)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_long_form#madagascar#Republic of Madagascar)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_short_form#madagascar#Madagascar)
(government_name_of_country_local_long_form#madagascar#Republique de Madagascar)
(government_name_of_country_local_short_form#madagascar#Madagascar)
(government_name_of_country_former#madagascar#Malagasy Republic)
(government_data_code#madagascar#MA)
(government_type_of_government#madagascar#republic)
(government_capital#madagascar#Antananarivo)
(government_administrative_divisions#madagascar#6 provinces {faritany}; Antananarivo, Antsiranana, Fianarantsoa, Mahajanga, Toamasina, Toliary)
(government_independence#madagascar#26 June 1960 {from France})
(government_national_holiday#madagascar#Independence Day, 26 June {1960})
(government_constitution#madagascar#19 August 1992 by national referendum)
(government_legal_system#madagascar#based on French civil law system and traditional Malagasy law; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction)
(government_suffrage#madagascar#18 years of age; universal)
(government_executive_branch_chief_of_state#madagascar#President Albert ZAFY {since 9 March 1993} was elected for a five-year term by popular vote; election last held 10 February 1993 {next to be held NA 1998}; results - Albert ZAFY {UNDD} 67%; Didier RATSIRAKA {AREMA} 33%)
(government_executive_branch_head_of_government#madagascar#Prime Minister Emmanuel RAKOTOVAHINY {since 30 October 1995} was elected by the National Assembly)
(government_executive_branch_cabinet#madagascar#Council of Ministers was appointed by the prime minister)
(government_legislative_branch#madagascar#bicameral Parliament)
(government_senate_{senat}#madagascar#two-thirds of upper house seats are to be filled from popularly elected regional assemblies; the remaining third is to be filled by presidential appointment; decentralization and formation of regional assemblies is not expected before 1997)
(government_national_assembly_{assemblee_nationale}#madagascar#elections last held 16 June 1993 {next to be held NA June 1997}; results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - {138 total} CFV coalition 76, PMDM/MFM 16, CSCD 11, Famima 10, RPSD 7, various pro-Ratsiraka groups 10, others 8)
(government_judicial_branch#madagascar#Supreme Court {Cour Supreme}; High Constitutional Court {Haute Cour Constitutionnelle})
(government_political_parties_and_leaders#madagascar#Committee of Living Forces {CFV}, an alliance of National Union for Development and Democracy {UNDD}, Support Group for Democracy and Development in Madagascar {CSDDM}, Action and Reflection Group for the Development of Madagascar {GRAD}, Congress Party for Madagascar Independence - Renewal {AKFM-Fanavaozana}, and some 12 other parties, trade unions, and religious groups; Militant Party for the Development of Madagascar {PMDM/MFM}, formerly the Movement for Proletarian Power, Manandafy RAKOTONIRINA; Confederation of Civil Societies for Development {CSCD}, Guy Willy RAZANAMASY; Association of United Malagasys {Famima}; Rally for Social Democracy {RPSD}, Pierre TSIRANANA)
(government_other_political_or_pressure_groups#madagascar#National Council of Christian Churches {FFKM}; Federalist Movement)
(government_international_organization_participation#madagascar#ACCT, ACP, AfDB, CCC, ECA, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, ITU, NAM, OAU, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_chief_of_mission#madagascar#Ambassador Pierrot Jocelyn RAJAONARIVELO)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_chancery#madagascar#2374 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_telephone#madagascar#[1] {202} 265-5525, 5526)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_consulate{s}_general#madagascar#New York)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_chief_of_mission#madagascar#Ambassador Vicki J. HUDDLESTON)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_embassy#madagascar#14-16 Rue Rainitovo, Antsahavola, Antananarivo)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_mailing_address#madagascar#B. P. 620, Antananarivo)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_telephone#madagascar#[261] {2} 212-57, 200-89, 207-18)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_fax#madagascar#[261] {2} 234-539)
(government_flag#madagascar#two equal horizontal bands of red {top} and green with a vertical white band of the same width on hoist side)
(economy_economic_overview#madagascar#Madagascar is one of the poorest countries in the world, suffering from chronic malnutrition, underfunded health and education facilities, a roughly 3% annual population growth rate, and severe loss of forest cover, accompanied by erosion. Agriculture, including fishing and forestry, is the mainstay of the economy, accounting for 35% of GDP and contributing more than 70% of export earnings. Industry is largely confined to the processing of agricultural products and textile manufacturing; it accounts for 15% of GDP. In 1986, the government introduced a five-year development plan that stressed self-sufficiency in food {mainly rice} by 1990, increased production for export, and reduced energy imports. Subsequently, growth in output has been held back because of protracted antigovernment strikes and demonstrations for political reform. Since 1993, corruption and political instability have caused the economy and infrastructure to decay further. Since April 1994, the government commitment to economic reforms has been erratic. Enormous obstacles stand in the way of Madagascar's realizing its considerable growth potential.)
(economy_gdp#madagascar#purchasing power parity - $11.4 billion {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_real_growth_rate#madagascar#2.7% {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_per_capita#madagascar#$820 {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_agriculture#madagascar#35%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_industry#madagascar#15%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_services#madagascar#50% {1995 est.})
(economy_inflation_rate_{consumer_prices}#madagascar#35% {1994 est.})
(economy_labor_force_total_workers#madagascar#4.9 million)
(economy_labor_force_workers_not_receiving_money_wages#madagascar#4.7 million {96% of total labor force}; note - 4.3 million workers are in subsistence agriculture)
(economy_labor_force_wage_earners#madagascar#175,400 {3.6% of total work force})
(economy_labor_force_wage_earners_by_occupation#madagascar#agriculture 45,500, domestic service 29,750, industry 26,250, commerce 24,500, construction 19,250, service 15,750, transportation 10,500, other 3,500 {1985 est.})
(economy_unemployment_rate#madagascar#NA%)
(economy_budget_revenues#madagascar#$250 million)
(economy_budget_expenditures#madagascar#$265 million, including capital expenditures of $180 million {1991 est.})
(economy_industries#madagascar#meat processing, soap, breweries, tanneries, sugar, textiles, glassware, cement, automobile assembly plant, paper, petroleum)
(economy_industrial_production_growth_rate#madagascar#3.8% {1993 est.})
(economy_electricity_capacity#madagascar#220,000 kW)
(economy_electricity_production#madagascar#560 million kWh)
(economy_electricity_consumption_per_capita#madagascar#40 kWh {1993})
(economy_agriculture#madagascar#coffee, vanilla, sugarcane, cloves, cocoa, rice, cassava {tapioca}, beans, bananas, peanuts; livestock products)
(economy_illicit_drugs#madagascar#illicit producer of cannabis {cultivated and wild varieties} used mostly for domestic consumption; transshipment point for heroin)
(economy_exports#madagascar#$240 million {f.o.b., 1993 est.})
(economy_exports_commodities#madagascar#coffee 45%, vanilla 20%, cloves 11%, shellfish, sugar, petroleum products)
(economy_exports_partners#madagascar#France, US, Germany, Japan, Russia)
(economy_imports#madagascar#$510 million {f.o.b., 1993 est.})
(economy_imports_commodities#madagascar#intermediate manufactures 30%, capital goods 28%, petroleum 15%, consumer goods 14%, food 13%)
(economy_imports_partners#madagascar#France, Germany, Japan, UK, Italy, Netherlands)
(economy_external_debt#madagascar#$4.3 billion {1993 est.})
(economy_economic_aid_recipient#madagascar#ODA, $318 million {1993})
(economy_currency#madagascar#1 Malagasy franc {FMG} = 100 centimes)
(economy_exchange_rates#madagascar#Malagasy francs {FMG} per US$1 - 4,239.5 {November 1995}, 3,067.3 {1994}, 1,913.8 {1993}, 1,864.0 {1992}, 1,835.4 {1991})
(economy_fiscal_year#madagascar#calendar year)
(transportation_railways_total#madagascar#883 km)
(transportation_railways_narrow_gauge#madagascar#883 km 1.000-m gauge {1994})
(transportation_highways_total#madagascar#34,750 km)
(transportation_highways_paved#madagascar#5,352 km)
(transportation_highways_unpaved#madagascar#29,398 km {1991 est.})
(transportation_waterways#madagascar#of local importance only; isolated streams and small portions of Canal des Pangalanes)
(transportation_ports#madagascar#Antsiranana, Antsohimbondrona, Mahajanga, Toamasina, Toliaria)
(transportation_merchant_marine_total#madagascar#11 ships {1,000 GRT or over} totaling 22,132 GRT/31,261 DWT)
(transportation_merchant_marine_ships_by_type#madagascar#cargo 5, chemical tanker 1, liquefied gas tanker 1, oil tanker 2, roll-on/roll-off cargo 2 {1995 est.})
(transportation_airports_total#madagascar#105)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_over_3,047_m#madagascar#1)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_2,438_to_3,047_m#madagascar#2)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_1,524_to_2,437_m#madagascar#3)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_914_to_1,523_m#madagascar#21)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_under_914_m#madagascar#31)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_1,524_to_2,437_m#madagascar#2)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_914_to_1,523_m#madagascar#45 {1995 est.})
(communications_telephones#madagascar#96,000 {1988 est.})
(communications_telephone_system#madagascar#system is above average for Africa)
(communications_telephone_system_domestic#madagascar#open-wire lines, coaxial cables, microwave radio relay, and tropospheric scatter links)
(communications_telephone_system_international#madagascar#submarine cable to Bahrain; satellite earth stations - 1 Intelsat {Indian Ocean} and 1 Intersputnik {Atlantic Ocean Region})
(communications_radio_broadcast_stations#madagascar#AM 17, FM 3, shortwave 0)
(communications_radios#madagascar#2.565 million {1992 est.})
(communications_television_broadcast_stations#madagascar#1 {repeaters 36})
(communications_televisions#madagascar#260,000 {1992 est.})
(defense_branches#madagascar#Popular Armed Forces {includes Intervention Forces, Development Forces, Aeronaval Forces - includes Navy and Air Force}, Gendarmerie, Presidential Security Regiment)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_age_15-49#madagascar#3,103,022)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_fit_for_military_service#madagascar#1,843,732)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_reach_military_age_{20}_annually#madagascar#132,146 {1996 est.})
(defense_defense_expenditures#madagascar#exchange rate conversion - $29 million, 1.0% of GDP {1994})
(geography_location#malawi#Southern Africa, east of Zambia)
(geography_geographic_coordinates#malawi#13 30 S, 34 00 E)
(geography_map_references#malawi#Africa)
(geography_area_total_area#malawi#118,480 sq km)
(geography_area_land_area#malawi#94,080 sq km)
(geography_area_comparative_area#malawi#slightly larger than Pennsylvania)
(geography_land_boundaries_total#malawi#2,881 km)
(geography_land_boundaries_border_countries#malawi#Mozambique 1,569 km, Tanzania 475 km, Zambia 837 km)
(geography_coastline#malawi#0 km {landlocked})
(geography_maritime_claims#malawi#none {landlocked})
(geography_international_disputes#malawi#dispute with Tanzania over the boundary in Lake Nyasa {Lake Malawi})
(geography_climate#malawi#tropical; rainy season {November to May}; dry season {May to November})
(geography_terrain#malawi#narrow elongated plateau with rolling plains, rounded hills, some mountains)
(geography_terrain_lowest_point#malawi#junction of the Shire River and international boundary with Mozambique 37 m)
(geography_terrain_highest_point#malawi#Mount Mlanje Sapitwa 3,002 m)
(geography_natural_resources#malawi#limestone, unexploited deposits of uranium, coal, and bauxite)
(geography_land_use_arable_land#malawi#25%)
(geography_land_use_permanent_crops#malawi#0%)
(geography_land_use_meadows_and_pastures#malawi#20%)
(geography_land_use_forest_and_woodland#malawi#50%)
(geography_land_use_other#malawi#5%)
(geography_irrigated_land#malawi#200 sq km {1989 est.})
(geography_environment_current_issues#malawi#deforestation; land degradation; water pollution from agricultural runoff, sewage, industrial wastes; siltation of spawning grounds endangers fish populations)
(geography_environment_natural_hazards#malawi#NA)
(geography_environment_international_agreements#malawi#party to - Biodiversity, Climate Change, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Marine Life Conservation, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection; signed, but not ratified - Desertification, Law of the Sea)
(geography_geographic_note#malawi#landlocked)
(people_population#malawi#9,452,844 {July 1996 est.})
(people_age_structure_0-14_years#malawi#46% {male 2,189,223; female 2,168,317})
(people_age_structure_15-64_years#malawi#51% {male 2,371,518; female 2,472,245})
(people_age_structure_65_years_and_over#malawi#3% {male 107,701; female 143,840} {July 1996 est.})
(people_population_growth_rate#malawi#1.71% {1996 est.})
(people_birth_rate#malawi#41.56 births/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_death_rate#malawi#24.48 deaths/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_net_migration_rate#malawi#0 migrant{s}/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_net_migration_rate_note#malawi#the return of refugees to Mozambique is apparently complete)
(people_sex_ratio_at_birth#malawi#1.03 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_under_15_years#malawi#1.01 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_15-64_years#malawi#0.96 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_65_years_and_over#malawi#0.75 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_all_ages#malawi#0.98 male{s}/female {1996 est.})
(people_infant_mortality_rate#malawi#139.9 deaths/1,000 live births {1996 est.})
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_total_population#malawi#36.16 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_male#malawi#35.87 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_female#malawi#36.46 years {1996 est.})
(people_total_fertility_rate#malawi#5.91 children born/woman {1996 est.})
(people_nationality_noun#malawi#Malawian{s})
(people_nationality_adjective#malawi#Malawian)
(people_ethnic_divisions#malawi#Chewa, Nyanja, Tumbuko, Yao, Lomwe, Sena, Tonga, Ngoni, Ngonde, Asian, European)
(people_religions#malawi#Protestant 55%, Roman Catholic 20%, Muslim 20%, traditional indigenous beliefs)
(people_languages#malawi#English {official}, Chichewa {official}, other languages important regionally)
(people_literacy#malawi#age 15 and over can read and write {1995 est.})
(people_literacy_total_population#malawi#56.4%)
(people_literacy_male#malawi#71.9%)
(people_literacy_female#malawi#41.8%)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_long_form#malawi#Republic of Malawi)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_short_form#malawi#Malawi)
(government_name_of_country_former#malawi#Nyasaland)
(government_data_code#malawi#MI)
(government_type_of_government#malawi#multiparty democracy)
(government_capital#malawi#Lilongwe)
(government_administrative_divisions#malawi#24 districts; Blantyre, Chikwawa, Chiradzulu, Chitipa, Dedza, Dowa, Karonga, Kasungu, Lilongwe, Machinga {Kasupe}, Mangochi, Mchinji, Mulanje, Mwanza, Mzimba, Ntcheu, Nkhata Bay, Nkhotakota, Nsanje, Ntchisi, Rumphi, Salima, Thyolo, Zomba)
(government_independence#malawi#6 July 1964 {from UK})
(government_national_holiday#malawi#Independence Day 6 July {1964}; Republic Day 6 July {1966})
(government_constitution#malawi#18 May 1995; most recent revision)
(government_legal_system#malawi#based on English common law and customary law; judicial review of legislative acts in the Supreme Court of Appeal; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction)
(government_suffrage#malawi#18 years of age; universal)
(government_executive_branch_chief_of_state_and_head_of_government#malawi#President Bakili MULUZI {since 21 May 1994}, leader of the UDF, was elected for a five-year term by universal suffrage)
(government_executive_branch_cabinet#malawi#Cabinet was named by the president)
(government_legislative_branch#malawi#unicameral)
(government_national_assembly#malawi#elections last held 17 May 1994 {next to be held NA 1999}; results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - {177 total} UDF 84, AFORD 33, MCP 55, others 5; note - because of defections and a bi-election of 18 December 1995, the seats in the National Assembly were held at the end of the year as follows: UDF 87, MCP 55, AFORD 35)
(government_national_assembly_note#malawi#the constitution of 18 May 1995, in addition to reducing the age at which universal suffrage is conferred from 21 to 18 years, provided for a bicameral legislature; by 1999, in addition to the existing National Assembly, a Senate of 80 seats is to be elected)
(government_judicial_branch#malawi#High Court; Supreme Court of Appeal)
(government_political_parties_and_leaders_ruling_party#malawi#United Democratic Front {UDF}, Bakili MULUZI)
(government_political_parties_and_leaders_opposition_groups#malawi#Malawi Congress Party {MCP}, Green MUNLO, secretary general {top party position}; Alliance for Democracy {AFORD}, Chakufwa CHIHANA; Christian Democratic Party {CDP}, Eston KAKHOME, president; Malawi Democratic Party {MDP}, Kampelo KALUA, president)
(government_international_organization_participation#malawi#ACP, AfDB, C, CCC, ECA, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, ISO {correspondent}, ITU, NAM, OAU, SADC, UN, UNAMIR, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_chief_of_mission#malawi#Ambassador Willie CHOKANI)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_chancery#malawi#2408 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_telephone#malawi#[1] {202} 797-1007)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_chief_of_mission#malawi#Ambassador Peter R. CHAVEAS)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_embassy#malawi#address NA, in new capital city development area in Lilongwe)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_mailing_address#malawi#P. O. Box 30016, Lilongwe 3, Malawi)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_telephone#malawi#[265] 783 166)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_fax#malawi#[265] 780 471)
(government_flag#malawi#three equal horizontal bands of black {top}, red, and green with a radiant, rising, red sun centered in the black band)
(economy_economic_overview#malawi#Landlocked Malawi ranks among the world's least developed countries. The economy is predominately agricultural, with about 90% of the population living in rural areas. Agriculture accounts for 31% of GDP and 90% of export revenues. The economy depends on substantial inflows of economic assistance from the IMF, the World Bank, and individual donor nations. The new government faces strong challenges, e.g., to spur exports, to improve educational and health facilities, and to deal with environmental problems of deforestation and erosion. Drought hurt the 1994 economy, with GDP down by 12.4%. Good weather and a strong tobacco crop resulted in an upturn in 1995. In December 1995, donors pledged $332 million in aid for 1996.)
(economy_gdp#malawi#purchasing power parity - $6.9 billion {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_real_growth_rate#malawi#9.9% {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_per_capita#malawi#$700 {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_agriculture#malawi#31%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_industry#malawi#14%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_services#malawi#55% {1994})
(economy_inflation_rate_{consumer_prices}#malawi#83.3% {1995 est.})
(economy_labor_force#malawi#428,000 wage earners)
(economy_labor_force_by_occupation#malawi#agriculture 43%, manufacturing 16%, personal services 15%, commerce 9%, construction 7%, miscellaneous services 4%, other permanently employed 6% {1986})
(economy_unemployment_rate#malawi#NA%)
(economy_budget_revenues#malawi#$530 million)
(economy_budget_expenditures#malawi#$674 million, including capital expenditures of $129 million {1993})
(economy_industries#malawi#tea, tobacco, sugar, sawmill products, cement, consumer goods)
(economy_industrial_production_growth_rate#malawi#3.5% {1992 est.})
(economy_electricity_capacity#malawi#190,000 kW)
(economy_electricity_production#malawi#905 million kWh {1993})
(economy_electricity_consumption_per_capita#malawi#92 kWh {1993})
(economy_agriculture#malawi#tobacco, sugarcane, cotton, tea, corn, potatoes, cassava {tapioca}, sorghum, pulses; cattle, goats)
(economy_exports#malawi#$365 million {f.o.b., 1994})
(economy_exports_commodities#malawi#tobacco, tea, sugar, coffee, peanuts, wood products)
(economy_exports_partners#malawi#US, South Africa, Germany, Japan {1994})
(economy_imports#malawi#$240 million {c.i.f., 1994})
(economy_imports_commodities#malawi#food, petroleum products, semimanufactures, consumer goods, transportation equipment)
(economy_imports_partners#malawi#South Africa, Japan, US, UK, Zimbabwe)
(economy_external_debt#malawi#$1.95 billion {December 1994 est.})
(economy_economic_aid_recipient#malawi#in December 1995, donors pledged for 1996, $332 million)
(economy_currency#malawi#1 Malawian kwacha {MK} = 100 tambala)
(economy_exchange_rates#malawi#Malawian kwacha {MK} per US$1 - 16.3516 {November 1995}, 8.7364 {1994}, 4.4028 {1993}, 3.6033 {1992}, 2.8033 {1991})
(economy_fiscal_year#malawi#1 April - 31 March)
(transportation_railways_total#malawi#789 km)
(transportation_railways_narrow_gauge#malawi#789 km 1.067-m gauge)
(transportation_highways_total#malawi#27,294 km {1990 est.})
(transportation_highways_paved#malawi#NA km)
(transportation_highways_unpaved#malawi#NA km)
(transportation_waterways#malawi#Lake Nyasa {Lake Malawi}; Shire River, 144 km)
(transportation_ports#malawi#Chipoka, Monkey Bay, Nkhata Bay, Nkhotakota)
(transportation_airports_total#malawi#41)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_over_3,047_m#malawi#1)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_1,524_to_2,437_m#malawi#1)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_914_to_1,523_m#malawi#4)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_under_914_m#malawi#20)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_1,524_to_2,437_m#malawi#1)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_914_to_1,523_m#malawi#14 {1995 est.})
(communications_telephones#malawi#43,000 {1985 est.})
(communications_telephone_system_domestic#malawi#fair system of open-wire lines, microwave radio relay links, and radiotelephone communications stations)
(communications_telephone_system_international#malawi#satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat {1 Indian Ocean and 1 Atlantic Ocean})
(communications_radio_broadcast_stations#malawi#AM 10, FM 17, shortwave 0)
(communications_radios#malawi#1.011 million {1995})
(communications_television_broadcast_stations#malawi#0 {1987 est.})
(communications_televisions#malawi#NA)
(defense_branches#malawi#Army {includes Air Wing and Naval Detachment}, Police {includes paramilitary Mobile Force Unit})
(defense_manpower_availability_males_age_15-49#malawi#2,106,905)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_fit_for_military_service#malawi#1,076,788 {1996 est.})
(defense_defense_expenditures#malawi#exchange rate conversion - $10.4 million, NA% of GDP {FY94/95})
(geography_location#malaysia#Southeastern Asia, peninsula and northern one-third of the island of Borneo, bordering Indonesia and the South China Sea, south of Vietnam)
(geography_geographic_coordinates#malaysia#2 30 N, 112 30 E)
(geography_map_references#malaysia#Southeast Asia)
(geography_area_total_area#malaysia#329,750 sq km)
(geography_area_land_area#malaysia#328,550 sq km)
(geography_area_comparative_area#malaysia#slightly larger than New Mexico)
(geography_land_boundaries_total#malaysia#2,669 km)
(geography_land_boundaries_border_countries#malaysia#Brunei 381 km, Indonesia 1,782 km, Thailand 506 km)
(geography_coastline#malaysia#4,675 km {Peninsular Malaysia 2,068 km, East Malaysia 2,607 km})
(geography_maritime_claims_continental_shelf#malaysia#200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation; specified boundary in the South China Sea)
(geography_maritime_claims_exclusive_fishing_zone#malaysia#200 nm)
(geography_maritime_claims_exclusive_economic_zone#malaysia#200 nm)
(geography_maritime_claims_territorial_sea#malaysia#12 nm)
(geography_international_disputes#malaysia#involved in a complex dispute over the Spratly Islands with China, Philippines, Taiwan, Vietnam, and possibly Brunei; State of Sabah claimed by the Philippines; Brunei may wish to purchase the Malaysian salient that divides Brunei into two parts; two islands in dispute with Singapore; two islands in dispute with Indonesia)
(geography_climate#malaysia#tropical; annual southwest {April to October} and northeast {October to February} monsoons)
(geography_terrain#malaysia#coastal plains rising to hills and mountains)
(geography_terrain_lowest_point#malaysia#Indian Ocean 0 m)
(geography_terrain_highest_point#malaysia#Mount Kinabalu 4,100 m)
(geography_natural_resources#malaysia#tin, petroleum, timber, copper, iron ore, natural gas, bauxite)
(geography_land_use_arable_land#malaysia#3%)
(geography_land_use_permanent_crops#malaysia#10%)
(geography_land_use_meadows_and_pastures#malaysia#0%)
(geography_land_use_forest_and_woodland#malaysia#63%)
(geography_land_use_other#malaysia#24%)
(geography_irrigated_land#malaysia#3,420 sq km {1989 est.})
(geography_environment_current_issues#malaysia#air pollution from industrial and vehicular emissions; water pollution from raw sewage; deforestation)
(geography_environment_natural_hazards#malaysia#flooding)
(geography_environment_international_agreements#malaysia#party to - Biodiversity, Climate Change, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Marine Life Conservation, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Whaling; signed, but not ratified - Desertification, Law of the Sea)
(geography_geographic_note#malaysia#strategic location along Strait of Malacca and southern South China Sea)
(people_population#malaysia#19,962,893 {July 1996 est.})
(people_age_structure_0-14_years#malaysia#36% {male 3,684,510; female 3,483,893})
(people_age_structure_15-64_years#malaysia#60% {male 5,996,369; female 6,017,327})
(people_age_structure_65_years_and_over#malaysia#4% {male 342,742; female 438,052} {July 1996 est.})
(people_population_growth_rate#malaysia#2.07% {1996 est.})
(people_birth_rate#malaysia#26.2 births/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_death_rate#malaysia#5.49 deaths/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_net_migration_rate#malaysia#0 migrant{s}/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_sex_ratio_at_birth#malaysia#1.07 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_under_15_years#malaysia#1.06 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_15-64_years#malaysia#1 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_65_years_and_over#malaysia#0.78 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_all_ages#malaysia#1.01 male{s}/female {1996 est.})
(people_infant_mortality_rate#malaysia#24 deaths/1,000 live births {1996 est.})
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_total_population#malaysia#69.75 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_male#malaysia#66.82 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_female#malaysia#72.89 years {1996 est.})
(people_total_fertility_rate#malaysia#3.27 children born/woman {1996 est.})
(people_nationality_noun#malaysia#Malaysian{s})
(people_nationality_adjective#malaysia#Malaysian)
(people_ethnic_divisions#malaysia#Malay and other indigenous 59%, Chinese 32%, Indian 9%)
(people_peninsular_malaysia#malaysia#Muslim {Malays}, Buddhist {Chinese}, Hindu {Indians})
(people_sabah#malaysia#Muslim 38%, Christian 17%, other 45%)
(people_sarawak#malaysia#tribal religion 35%, Buddhist and Confucianist 24%, Muslim 20%, Christian 16%, other 5%)
(people_peninsular_malaysia#malaysia#Malay {official}, English, Chinese dialects, Tamil)
(people_sabah#malaysia#English, Malay, numerous tribal dialects, Chinese {Mandarin and Hakka dialects predominate})
(people_sarawak#malaysia#English, Malay, Mandarin, numerous tribal languages)
(people_literacy#malaysia#age 15 and over can read and write {1995 est.})
(people_literacy_total_population#malaysia#83.5%)
(people_literacy_male#malaysia#89.1%)
(people_literacy_female#malaysia#78.1%)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_long_form#malaysia#none)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_short_form#malaysia#Malaysia)
(government_name_of_country_former#malaysia#Malayan Union)
(government_data_code#malaysia#MY)
(government_type_of_government#malaysia#constitutional monarchy)
(government_type_of_government_note#malaysia#Federation of Malaysia formed 9 July 1963; nominally headed by the paramount ruler {king} and a bicameral Parliament; Peninsular Malaysian states - hereditary rulers in all but Melaka, where governors are appointed by Malaysian Pulau Pinang Government; powers of state governments are limited by federal Constitution; Sabah - self-governing state, holds 20 seats in House of Representatives, with foreign affairs, defense, internal security, and other powers delegated to federal government; Sarawak - self-governing state, holds 27 seats in House of Representatives, with foreign affairs, defense, internal security, and other powers delegated to federal government)
(government_capital#malaysia#Kuala Lumpur)
(government_administrative_divisions#malaysia#13 states {negeri-negeri, singular - negeri} and 2 federal territories* {wilayah-wilayah persekutuan, singular - wilayah persekutuan}; Johor, Kedah, Kelantan, Labuan*, Melaka, Negeri Sembilan, Pahang, Perak, Perlis, Pulau Pinang, Sabah, Sarawak, Selangor, Terengganu, Wilayah Persekutuan*)
(government_independence#malaysia#31 August 1957 {from UK})
(government_national_holiday#malaysia#National Day, 31 August {1957})
(government_constitution#malaysia#31 August 1957, amended 16 September 1963)
(government_legal_system#malaysia#based on English common law; judicial review of legislative acts in the Supreme Court at request of supreme head of the federation; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction)
(government_suffrage#malaysia#21 years of age; universal)
(government_executive_branch_chief_of_state#malaysia#Paramount Ruler TUANKU JA'AFAR ibni Al-Marhum Tuanku Abdul Rahman {since 26 April 1994} and Deputy Paramount Ruler Sultan TUNKU SALAHUDDIN Abdul Aziz Shah ibni Al-Marhum Sultan Hisammuddin Alam Shah {since 26 April 1994} were elected for five-year terms by and from the hereditary rulers of nine of the states)
(government_executive_branch_head_of_government#malaysia#Prime Minister Dr. MAHATHIR bin Mohamad {since 16 July 1981} was appointed by the paramount ruler; Deputy Prime Minister ANWAR bin Ibrahim {since 1 December 1993})
(government_executive_branch_cabinet#malaysia#Cabinet was appointed by the paramount ruler from among the members of Parliament)
(government_legislative_branch#malaysia#bicameral Parliament {Parlimen})
(government_senate_{dewan_negara}#malaysia#elected members serve six-year terms; elections last held NA {next to be held NA}; results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - {58 total, 32 appointed by the paramount ruler and 26 elected by the state legislatures} seats by party NA)
(government_house_of_representatives_{dewan_rakyat}#malaysia#members elected for five-year terms; elections last held NA April 1995 {next to be held NA 2000}; results - National Front 63%, other 37%; seats - {192 total} National Front 162, DAP 9, PBS 8, PAS 7, Semangat'46 6)
(government_judicial_branch#malaysia#Supreme Court, judges appointed by the paramount ruler)
(government_peninsular_malaysia#malaysia#National Front, a confederation of 13 political parties dominated by United Malays National Organization Baru {UMNO Baru}, MAHATHIR bin Mohamad; Malaysian Chinese Association {MCA}, LING Liong Sik; Gerakan Rakyat Malaysia, LIM Keng Yaik; Malaysian Indian Congress {MIC}, S. Samy VELLU; Spirit of '46 {Semangat '46}, Tengku Tan Sri RAZALEIGH, president)
(government_sabah#malaysia#National Front, SALLEH Said Keruak, Sabah Chief Minister, Sakaran DANDAI, head of Sabah State; United Sabah National Organizaton {USNO}, leader NA; Sabah United Party {Parti Bersatu Sabah, PBS}, Datuk Seri Joseph PAIRIN Kitingan)
(government_sarawak#malaysia#coalition Sarawak National Front composed of the Party Pesaka Bumiputra Bersatu {PBB}, Datuk Patinggi Amar Haji Abdul TAIB Mahmud; Sarawak United People's Party {SUPP}, Datuk Amar James WONG Soon Kai; Sarawak National Party {SNAP}, Datuk Amar James WONG; Parti Bansa Dayak Sarawak {PBDS}, Datuk Leo MOGGIE; major opposition parties are Democratic Action Party {DAP}, LIM Kit Siang and Pan-Malaysian Islamic Party {PAS}, Fadzil NOOR)
(government_international_organization_participation#malaysia#APEC, AsDB, ASEAN, C, CCC, CP, ESCAP, FAO, G-15, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Inmarsat, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, ISO, ITU, Mekong Group, MINURSO, NAM, OIC, UN, UNAVEM III, UNCRO, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNIKOM, UNOMIL, UNPREDEP, UNPROFOR, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_chief_of_mission#malaysia#Ambassador DALI Mahmud Hashim)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_chancery#malaysia#2401 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_telephone#malaysia#[1] {202} 328-2700)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_fax#malaysia#[1] {202} 483-7661)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_consulate{s}_general#malaysia#Los Angeles and New York)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_chief_of_mission#malaysia#Ambassador John R. MALOTT)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_embassy#malaysia#376 Jalan Tun Razak, 50400 Kuala Lumpur)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_mailing_address#malaysia#P. O. Box No. 10035, 50700 Kuala Lumpur, APO AP 96535-8152)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_telephone#malaysia#[60] {3} 2489011)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_fax#malaysia#[60] {3} 2422207)
(government_flag#malaysia#14 equal horizontal stripes of red {top} alternating with white {bottom}; there is a blue rectangle in the upper hoist-side corner bearing a yellow crescent and a yellow fourteen-pointed star; the crescent and the star are traditional symbols of Islam; the design was based on the flag of the US)
(economy_economic_overview#malaysia#The Malaysian economy, a mixture of private enterprise and public management, has posted a remarkable record of 9% average annual growth in 1988-95. The official growth target for 1996 is 8.3%. This growth has resulted in a substantial reduction in poverty and a marked rise in real wages. Manufactured goods exports expanded rapidly, and foreign investors continued to commit large sums in the economy. The government is aware of the inflationary potential of this rapid development and is closely monitoring fiscal and monetary policies.)
(economy_gdp#malaysia#purchasing power parity - $193.6 billion {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_real_growth_rate#malaysia#9.5% {1995})
(economy_gdp_per_capita#malaysia#$9,800 {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_agriculture#malaysia#8%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_industry#malaysia#25%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_services#malaysia#67%)
(economy_inflation_rate_{consumer_prices}#malaysia#5.3% {1995})
(economy_labor_force#malaysia#7.627 million {1993})
(economy_unemployment_rate#malaysia#2.8% {1995 est.})
(economy_budget_revenues#malaysia#$20.2 billion)
(economy_budget_expenditures#malaysia#$19.9 billion, including capital expenditures of $4.8 billion {1995 est.})
(economy_peninsular_malaysia#malaysia#rubber and oil palm processing and manufacturing, light manufacturing industry, electronics, tin mining and smelting, logging and processing timber)
(economy_sabah#malaysia#logging, petroleum production)
(economy_sarawak#malaysia#agriculture processing, petroleum production and refining, logging)
(economy_industrial_production_growth_rate#malaysia#12% {1994})
(economy_electricity_capacity#malaysia#6,700,000 kW)
(economy_electricity_production#malaysia#31 billion kWh)
(economy_electricity_consumption_per_capita#malaysia#1,528 kWh {1993})
(economy_peninsular_malaysia#malaysia#natural rubber, palm oil, rice)
(economy_sabah#malaysia#subsistence crops, rubber, timber, coconut, rice)
(economy_sarawak#malaysia#rubber, pepper; timber)
(economy_illicit_drugs#malaysia#transit point for Golden Triangle heroin going to the US, Western Europe, and the Third World despite severe penalties for drug trafficking)
(economy_exports#malaysia#$72 billion {1995})
(economy_exports_commodities#malaysia#electronic equipment, petroleum and petroleum products, palm oil, wood and wood products, rubber, textiles)
(economy_exports_partners#malaysia#Singapore 21%, US 20%, Japan 12%, UK 4%, Thailand 4%, Germany 3% {1994})
(economy_imports#malaysia#$72.2 billion {1995})
(economy_imports_commodities#malaysia#machinery and equipment, chemicals, food, petroleum products)
(economy_imports_partners#malaysia#Japan 26%, US 17%, Singapore 14%, Taiwan 5%, Germany 4%, UK 3%, South Korea 3% {1993})
(economy_external_debt#malaysia#$27.4 billion {1995 est.})
(economy_economic_aid_recipient#malaysia#ODA, $45 million {1993})
(economy_currency#malaysia#1 ringgit {M$} = 100 sen)
(economy_exchange_rates#malaysia#ringgits {M$} per US$1 - 2.5567 {January 1996}, 2.5044 {1995}, 2.6243 {1994}, 2.5741 {1993}, 2.5474 {1992}, 2.7501 {1991})
(economy_fiscal_year#malaysia#calendar year)
(transportation_railways_total#malaysia#1,806 km {Peninsular Malaysia 1,672 km; Sabah 134 km; Sarawak 0 km})
(transportation_railways_narrow_gauge#malaysia#1,806 km 1.000-m gauge {Peninsular Malaysia 1,672 km; Sabah 134 km})
(transportation_highways_total#malaysia#92,545 km)
(transportation_highways_paved#malaysia#69,409 km {including 574 km of expressways})
(transportation_highways_unpaved#malaysia#23,136 km {1992 est.})
(transportation_peninsular_malaysia#malaysia#3,209 km)
(transportation_sabah#malaysia#1,569 km)
(transportation_sarawak#malaysia#2,518 km)
(transportation_pipelines#malaysia#crude oil 1,307 km; natural gas 379 km)
(transportation_ports#malaysia#Kota Kinabalu, Kuantan, Kuching, Kudat, Lahad Datu, Labuan, Lumut, Miri, Pasir Gudang, Penang, Port Dickson, Port Kelang, Sandakan, Sibu, Tanjong Berhala, Tanjong Kidurong, Tawau)
(transportation_merchant_marine_total#malaysia#248 ships {1,000 GRT or over} totaling 3,035,684 GRT/4,494,476 DWT)
(transportation_merchant_marine_ships_by_type#malaysia#bulk 43, cargo 83, chemical tanker 13, container 31, liquefied gas tanker 12, livestock carrier 1, oil tanker 55, roll-on/roll-off cargo 5, short-sea passenger 1, vehicle carrier 4 {1995 est.})
(transportation_airports_total#malaysia#105)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_over_3,047_m#malaysia#3)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_2,438_to_3,047_m#malaysia#5)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_1,524_to_2,437_m#malaysia#11)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_914_to_1,523_m#malaysia#6)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_under_914_m#malaysia#74)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_1,524_to_2,437_m#malaysia#1)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_914_to_1,523_m#malaysia#5 {1995 est.})
(transportation_heliports#malaysia#2 {1995 est.})
(communications_telephones#malaysia#2,550,957 {1992 est.})
(communications_telephone_system#malaysia#international service good)
(communications_telephone_system_domestic#malaysia#good intercity service provided on Peninsular Malaysia mainly by microwave radio relay; adequate intercity microwave radio relay network between Sabah and Sarawak via Brunei; domestic satellite system with 2 earth stations)
(communications_telephone_system_international#malaysia#submarine cables to India, Hong Kong and Singapore; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat {1 Indian Ocean and 1 Pacific Ocean})
(communications_radio_broadcast_stations#malaysia#AM 28, FM 3, shortwave 0)
(communications_radios#malaysia#8.08 million {1992 est.})
(communications_television_broadcast_stations#malaysia#33)
(communications_televisions#malaysia#2 million {1993 est.})
(defense_branches#malaysia#Malaysian Army, Royal Malaysian Navy, Royal Malaysian Air Force, Royal Malaysian Police Force, Marine Police, Sarawak Border Scouts)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_age_15-49#malaysia#5,160,884)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_fit_for_military_service#malaysia#3,129,626)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_reach_military_age_{21}_annually#malaysia#184,236 {1996 est.})
(defense_defense_expenditures#malaysia#exchange rate conversion - $2.4 billion, 2.9% of GDP {1995})
(geography_location#maldives#Southern Asia, group of atolls in the Indian Ocean, south-southwest of India)
(geography_geographic_coordinates#maldives#3 15 N, 73 00 E)
(geography_map_references#maldives#Asia)
(geography_area_total_area#maldives#300 sq km)
(geography_area_land_area#maldives#300 sq km)
(geography_area_comparative_area#maldives#nearly twice the size of Washington, DC)
(geography_land_boundaries#maldives#0 km)
(geography_coastline#maldives#644 km)
(geography_maritime_claims_exclusive_economic_zone#maldives#35-310 nm as defined by geographic coordinates; segment of zone coincides with maritime boundary with India)
(geography_maritime_claims_territorial_sea#maldives#12 nm)
(geography_international_disputes#maldives#none)
(geography_climate#maldives#tropical; hot, humid; dry, northeast monsoon {November to March}; rainy, southwest monsoon {June to August})
(geography_terrain#maldives#flat)
(geography_terrain_lowest_point#maldives#Indian Ocean 0 m)
(geography_terrain_highest_point#maldives#unnamed location on Wilingili 24 m)
(geography_natural_resources#maldives#fish)
(geography_land_use_arable_land#maldives#10%)
(geography_land_use_permanent_crops#maldives#0%)
(geography_land_use_meadows_and_pastures#maldives#3%)
(geography_land_use_forest_and_woodland#maldives#3%)
(geography_land_use_other#maldives#84%)
(geography_irrigated_land#maldives#NA sq km)
(geography_environment_current_issues#maldives#depletion of freshwater aquifers threatens water supplies)
(geography_environment_natural_hazards#maldives#low level of islands makes them very sensitive to sea level rise)
(geography_environment_international_agreements#maldives#party to - Biodiversity, Climate Change, Hazardous Wastes, Ozone Layer Protection; signed, but not ratified - Law of the Sea)
(geography_geographic_note#maldives#1,190 coral islands grouped into 26 atolls; archipelago of strategic location astride and along major sea lanes in Indian Ocean)
(people_population#maldives#270,758 {July 1996 est.})
(people_age_structure_0-14_years#maldives#47% {male 65,559; female 62,399})
(people_age_structure_15-64_years#maldives#50% {male 69,071; female 65,659})
(people_age_structure_65_years_and_over#maldives#3% {male 4,336; female 3,734} {July 1996 est.})
(people_population_growth_rate#maldives#3.52% {1996 est.})
(people_birth_rate#maldives#41.88 births/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_death_rate#maldives#6.64 deaths/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_net_migration_rate#maldives#0 migrant{s}/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_sex_ratio_at_birth#maldives#1.05 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_under_15_years#maldives#1.05 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_15-64_years#maldives#1.05 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_65_years_and_over#maldives#1.16 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_all_ages#maldives#1.05 male{s}/female {1996 est.})
(people_infant_mortality_rate#maldives#47 deaths/1,000 live births {1996 est.})
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_total_population#maldives#66.17 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_male#maldives#64.6 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_female#maldives#67.82 years {1996 est.})
(people_total_fertility_rate#maldives#6.06 children born/woman {1996 est.})
(people_nationality_noun#maldives#Maldivian{s})
(people_nationality_adjective#maldives#Maldivian)
(people_ethnic_divisions#maldives#Sinhalese, Dravidian, Arab, African)
(people_religions#maldives#Sunni Muslim)
(people_languages#maldives#Maldivian Divehi {dialect of Sinhala, script derived from Arabic}, English spoken by most government officials)
(people_literacy#maldives#age 15 and over can read and write {1995 est.})
(people_literacy_total_population#maldives#93.2%)
(people_literacy_male#maldives#93.3%)
(people_literacy_female#maldives#93%)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_long_form#maldives#Republic of Maldives)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_short_form#maldives#Maldives)
(government_data_code#maldives#MV)
(government_type_of_government#maldives#republic)
(government_capital#maldives#Male)
(government_administrative_divisions#maldives#19 districts {atolls}; Aliff, Baa, Daalu, Faafu, Gaafu Aliff, Gaafu Daalu, Haa Aliff, Haa Daalu, Kaafu, Laamu, Laviyani, Meemu, Naviyani, Noonu, Raa, Seenu, Shaviyani, Thaa, Waavu)
(government_independence#maldives#26 July 1965 {from UK})
(government_national_holiday#maldives#Independence Day, 26 July {1965})
(government_constitution#maldives#4 June 1968)
(government_legal_system#maldives#based on Islamic law with admixtures of English common law primarily in commercial matters; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction)
(government_suffrage#maldives#21 years of age; universal)
(government_executive_branch_chief_of_state_and_head_of_government#maldives#President Maumoon Abdul GAYOOM {since 11 November 1978} was reelected for a five-year term by secret ballot of the Majlis; election last held 1 October 1993 {next to be held NA 1998}; results - President Maumoon Abdul GAYOOM was reelected with 92.76% of the vote)
(government_executive_branch_cabinet#maldives#Ministry of Atolls was appointed by the president; note - need not be members of Majilis)
(government_legislative_branch#maldives#unicameral; members elected for five-year terms or appointed by the president)
(government_citizens'_council_{majlis}#maldives#elections last held 2 December 1994 {next to be held NA December 1999}; results - percent of vote NA; seats - {48 total, 40 elected, 8 appointed by the president} independents 40)
(government_judicial_branch#maldives#High Court)
(government_political_parties_and_leaders#maldives#although political parties are not banned, none exist)
(government_international_organization_participation#maldives#AsDB, C, CP, ESCAP, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IMF, IMO, Intelsat {nonsignatory user}, Interpol, IOC, ITU, NAM, OIC, SAARC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WHO, WMO, WToO, WTrO)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us#maldives#Maldives does not have an embassy in the US, but does have a Permanent Mission to the UN in New York, headed by Ahmed ZAKI)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation#maldives#the US does not have an embassy in Maldives; the US Ambassador to Sri Lanka is accredited to Maldives and makes periodic visits there)
(government_flag#maldives#red with a large green rectangle in the center bearing a vertical white crescent; the closed side of the crescent is on the hoist side of the flag)
(economy_economic_overview#maldives#During the 1980s tourism became one of the most important and highest growth sectors of the economy. In 1994, tourism, Maldives largest industry, accounted for about 18% of GDP and more than 60% of the Maldives' foreign exchange receipts. Fishing is a second leading growth sector. Over 90% of government tax revenue comes from import duties and tourism-related taxes. The Maldivian Government initiated an economic reform program in 1989 initially by lifting import quotas and opening some exports to the private sector. Subsequently, it has liberalized regulations to allow more foreign investment. Agriculture and manufacturing continue to play a minor role in the economy, constrained by the limited availability of cultivable land and the shortage of domestic labor. Most staple foods must be imported. In 1994, industry which consisted mainly of garment production, boat building, and handicrafts accounted for about 15% of GDP.)
(economy_gdp#maldives#purchasing power parity - $390 million {1994 est.})
(economy_gdp_real_growth_rate#maldives#6.6% {1994 est.})
(economy_gdp_per_capita#maldives#$1,560 {1994 est.})
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_agriculture#maldives#21.5%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_industry#maldives#15.3%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_services#maldives#63.2% {1994 est.})
(economy_inflation_rate_{consumer_prices}#maldives#16.5% {1994 est.})
(economy_labor_force#maldives#66,000 {est.})
(economy_labor_force_by_occupation#maldives#fishing industry 25%)
(economy_unemployment_rate#maldives#NEGL%)
(economy_budget_revenues#maldives#$88 million {excluding foreign grants})
(economy_budget_expenditures#maldives#$141 million, including capital expenditures of $NA {1995 est.})
(economy_industries#maldives#fish processing, tourism, shipping, boat building, coconut processing, garments, woven mats, rope, handicrafts, coral and sand mining)
(economy_industrial_production_growth_rate#maldives#6.3% {1994 est.})
(economy_electricity_capacity#maldives#5,000 kW)
(economy_electricity_production#maldives#30 million kWh)
(economy_electricity_consumption_per_capita#maldives#123 kWh {1993})
(economy_agriculture#maldives#coconuts, corn, sweet potatoes; fishing)
(economy_exports#maldives#$75.3 million {f.o.b., 1994 est.})
(economy_exports_commodities#maldives#fish, clothing)
(economy_exports_partners#maldives#Sri Lanka, US, Germany, Singapore, UK)
(economy_imports#maldives#$195.1 million {f.o.b., 1994 est.})
(economy_imports_commodities#maldives#consumer goods, intermediate and capital goods, petroleum products)
(economy_imports_partners#maldives#Singapore, India, Sri Lanka, Hong Kong, Japan, Thailand)
(economy_external_debt#maldives#$137.5 million {1994 est.})
(economy_economic_aid_recipient#maldives#ODA, $NA)
(economy_currency#maldives#1 rufiyaa {Rf} = 100 laari)
(economy_exchange_rates#maldives#rufiyaa {Rf} per US$1 - 11.770 {January 1996}, 11.770 {1995}, 11.586 {1994}, 10.957 {1993}, 10.569 {1992}, 10.253 {1991})
(economy_fiscal_year#maldives#calendar year)
(transportation_railways#maldives#0 km)
(transportation_highways_total#maldives#NA km)
(transportation_highways_paved#maldives#NA km)
(transportation_highways_unpaved#maldives#NA km; note - Male has 9.6 km of coral highways within the city {1988 est.})
(transportation_ports#maldives#Gan, Male)
(transportation_merchant_marine_total#maldives#20 ships {1,000 GRT or over} totaling 73,284 GRT/113,669 DWT)
(transportation_merchant_marine_ships_by_type#maldives#cargo 17, container 2, oil tanker 1 {1995 est.})
(transportation_airports_total#maldives#2)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_over_3,047_m#maldives#1)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_2,438_to_3,047_m#maldives#1 {1995 est.})
(communications_telephones#maldives#8,523 {1992 est.})
(communications_telephone_system#maldives#minimal domestic and international facilities)
(communications_telephone_system_domestic#maldives#NA)
(communications_telephone_system_international#maldives#satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat {Indian Ocean})
(communications_radio_broadcast_stations#maldives#AM 2, FM 1, shortwave 0)
(communications_radios#maldives#28,284 {1992 est.})
(communications_television_broadcast_stations#maldives#1)
(communications_televisions#maldives#7,309 {1992 est.})
(defense_branches#maldives#National Security Service {paramilitary police force})
(defense_manpower_availability_males_age_15-49#maldives#59,179)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_fit_for_military_service#maldives#33,016 {1996 est.})
(defense_defense_expenditures#maldives#$NA, NA% of GDP)
(geography_location#mali#Western Africa, southwest of Algeria)
(geography_geographic_coordinates#mali#17 00 N, 4 00 W)
(geography_map_references#mali#Africa)
(geography_area_total_area#mali#1.24 million sq km)
(geography_area_land_area#mali#1.22 million sq km)
(geography_area_comparative_area#mali#slightly less than twice the size of Texas)
(geography_land_boundaries_total#mali#7,243 km)
(geography_land_boundaries_border_countries#mali#Algeria 1,376 km, Burkina Faso 1,000 km, Guinea 858 km, Cote d'Ivoire 532 km, Mauritania 2,237 km, Niger 821 km, Senegal 419 km)
(geography_coastline#mali#0 km {landlocked})
(geography_maritime_claims#mali#none {landlocked})
(geography_international_disputes#mali#the disputed international boundary between Burkina Faso and Mali was submitted to the International Court of Justice {ICJ} in October 1983 and the ICJ issued its final ruling in December 1986, which both sides agreed to accept; Burkina Faso and Mali are proceeding with boundary demarcation, including the tripoint with Niger)
(geography_climate#mali#subtropical to arid; hot and dry February to June; rainy, humid, and mild June to November; cool and dry November to February)
(geography_terrain#mali#mostly flat to rolling northern plains covered by sand; savanna in south, rugged hills in northeast)
(geography_terrain_lowest_point#mali#Senegal River 23 m)
(geography_terrain_highest_point#mali#Hombori Tondo 1,155 m)
(geography_natural_resources#mali#gold, phosphates, kaolin, salt, limestone, uranium, bauxite, iron ore, manganese, tin, and copper deposits are known but not exploited)
(geography_land_use_arable_land#mali#2%)
(geography_land_use_permanent_crops#mali#0%)
(geography_land_use_meadows_and_pastures#mali#25%)
(geography_land_use_forest_and_woodland#mali#7%)
(geography_land_use_other#mali#66%)
(geography_irrigated_land#mali#50 sq km {1989 est.})
(geography_environment_current_issues#mali#deforestation; soil erosion; desertification; inadequate supplies of potable water; poaching)
(geography_environment_natural_hazards#mali#hot, dust-laden harmattan haze common during dry seasons; recurring droughts)
(geography_environment_international_agreements#mali#party to - Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands; signed, but not ratified - Nuclear Test Ban)
(geography_geographic_note#mali#landlocked)
(people_population#mali#9,653,261 {July 1996 est.})
(people_age_structure_0-14_years#mali#48% {male 2,310,294; female 2,308,941})
(people_age_structure_15-64_years#mali#49% {male 2,231,244; female 2,488,276})
(people_age_structure_65_years_and_over#mali#3% {male 149,370; female 165,136} {July 1996 est.})
(people_population_growth_rate#mali#2.95% {1996 est.})
(people_birth_rate#mali#51.38 births/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_death_rate#mali#19.49 deaths/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_net_migration_rate#mali#-2.37 migrant{s}/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_sex_ratio_at_birth#mali#1.03 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_under_15_years#mali#1 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_15-64_years#mali#0.9 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_65_years_and_over#mali#0.9 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_all_ages#mali#0.94 male{s}/female {1996 est.})
(people_infant_mortality_rate#mali#102.7 deaths/1,000 live births {1996 est.})
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_total_population#mali#46.84 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_male#mali#45.12 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_female#mali#48.6 years {1996 est.})
(people_total_fertility_rate#mali#7.25 children born/woman {1996 est.})
(people_nationality_noun#mali#Malian{s})
(people_nationality_adjective#mali#Malian)
(people_ethnic_divisions#mali#Mande 50% {Bambara, Malinke, Sarakole}, Peul 17%, Voltaic 12%, Songhai 6%, Tuareg and Moor 10%, other 5%)
(people_religions#mali#Muslim 90%, indigenous beliefs 9%, Christian 1%)
(people_languages#mali#French {official}, Bambara 80%, numerous African languages)
(people_literacy#mali#age 15 and over can read and write {1995 est.})
(people_literacy_total_population#mali#31%)
(people_literacy_male#mali#39.4%)
(people_literacy_female#mali#23.1%)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_long_form#mali#Republic of Mali)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_short_form#mali#Mali)
(government_name_of_country_local_long_form#mali#Republique de Mali)
(government_name_of_country_local_short_form#mali#Mali)
(government_name_of_country_former#mali#French Sudan)
(government_data_code#mali#ML)
(government_type_of_government#mali#republic)
(government_capital#mali#Bamako)
(government_administrative_divisions#mali#8 regions {regions, singular - region}; Gao, Kayes, Kidal, Koulikoro, Mopti, Segou, Sikasso, Tombouctou)
(government_independence#mali#22 September 1960 {from France})
(government_national_holiday#mali#Anniversary of the Proclamation of the Republic, 22 September {1960})
(government_constitution#mali#adopted 12 January 1992)
(government_legal_system#mali#based on French civil law system and customary law; judicial review of legislative acts in Constitutional Court {which was formally established on 9 March 1994}; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction)
(government_suffrage#mali#21 years of age; universal)
(government_executive_branch_chief_of_state#mali#President Alpha Oumar KONARE {since 8 June 1992} was elected for a five-year term by universal suffrage; election last held NA April 1992 {next to be held NA April 1997}; Alpha KONARE was elected in runoff race against Montaga TALL)
(government_executive_branch_head_of_government#mali#Prime Minister Ibrahima Boubacar KEITA {since NA March 1994} was appointed by the president)
(government_executive_branch_cabinet#mali#Council of Ministers was appointed by the prime minister)
(government_legislative_branch#mali#unicameral)
(government_national_assembly#mali#elections last held 8 March 1992 {next to be held NA February 1997}; results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - {116 total} Adema 76, CNID 9, US/RAD 8, Popular Movement for the Development of the Republic of West Africa 6, RDP 4, UDD 4, RDT 3, UFDP 3, PDP 2, UMDD 1)
(government_judicial_branch#mali#Supreme Court {Cour Supreme})
(government_political_parties_and_leaders#mali#Alliance for Democracy {Adema}, Ibrahim Baubacar KEITA; National Congress for Democratic Initiative {CNID}, Mountaga TALL; Sudanese Union/African Democratic Rally {US/RDA}, Mamadou Madeira KEITA; Popular Movement for the Development of the Republic of West Africa; Rally for Democracy and Progress {RDP}, Almamy SYLLA; Union for Democracy and Development {UDD}, Moussa Balla COULIBALY; Rally for Democracy and Labor {RDT}; Union of Democratic Forces for Progress {UFDP}, Dembo DIALLO; Party for Democracy and Progress {PDP}, Idrissa TRAORE; Malian Union for Democracy and Development {UMDD}; Movement for the Independence, the Renaissance and Integration of Africa {MIRIA}, Mohammed Lamine TRAORE)
(government_other_political_or_pressure_groups#mali#United Movement and Fronts of Azawad {MFUA}; Patriotic Movement of the Ghanda Kaye {MPGK})
(government_international_organization_participation#mali#ACCT, ACP, AfDB, CCC, ECA, ECOWAS, FAO, FZ, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, ITU, NAM, OAU, OIC, UN, UNAMIR, UNAVEM III, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNMIH, UPU, WADB, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_chief_of_mission#mali#Ambassador Cheick Oumar DIARRAH)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_chancery#mali#2130 R Street NW, Washington, DC 20008)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_telephone#mali#[1] {202} 332-2249, 939-8950)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_chief_of_mission#mali#Ambassador David RAWSON)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_embassy#mali#Rue Rochester NY and Rue Mohamed V, Bamako)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_mailing_address#mali#B. P. 34, Bamako)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_telephone#mali#[223] 22 54 70)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_fax#mali#[223] 22 37 12)
(government_flag#mali#three equal vertical bands of green {hoist side}, yellow, and red; uses the popular pan-African colors of Ethiopia)
(economy_economic_overview#mali#Mali is among the poorest countries in the world, with 65% of its land area desert or semidesert. Economic activity is largely confined to the riverine area irrigated by the Niger. About 10% of the population is nomadic and some 80% of the labor force is engaged in agriculture and fishing. Industrial activity is concentrated on processing farm commodities. The economy is beginning to turn around after contracting through 1992-93, largely because of enhanced exports and import substitute production in the wake of the 50% devaluation of 12 January 1994. Post-devaluation inflation peaked at 35% in 1994, and the government appears to be keeping on track with its IMF structural adjustment program.)
(economy_gdp#mali#purchasing power parity - $5.4 billion {1994 est.})
(economy_gdp_real_growth_rate#mali#2.4% {1994 est.})
(economy_gdp_per_capita#mali#$600 {1994 est.})
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_agriculture#mali#42.4%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_industry#mali#15.4%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_services#mali#42.2%)
(economy_inflation_rate_{consumer_prices}#mali#8% {1995 est.})
(economy_labor_force#mali#2.666 million {1986 est.})
(economy_labor_force_by_occupation#mali#agriculture 80%, services 19%, industry and commerce 1% {1981})
(economy_unemployment_rate#mali#NA%)
(economy_budget_revenues#mali#$376 million)
(economy_budget_expenditures#mali#$697 million, including capital expenditures of $NA {1992 est.})
(economy_industries#mali#minor local consumer goods production and food processing; construction; phosphate and gold mining)
(economy_industrial_production_growth_rate#mali#NA%)
(economy_electricity_capacity#mali#90,000 kW)
(economy_electricity_production#mali#310 million kWh)
(economy_electricity_consumption_per_capita#mali#33 kWh {1993})
(economy_agriculture#mali#cotton, millet, rice, corn, vegetables, peanuts; cattle, sheep, goats)
(economy_exports#mali#$415 million {f.o.b., 1993})
(economy_exports_commodities#mali#cotton, livestock, gold)
(economy_exports_partners#mali#mostly franc zone and Western Europe)
(economy_imports#mali#$842 million {f.o.b., 1993})
(economy_imports_commodities#mali#machinery and equipment, foodstuffs, construction materials, petroleum, textiles)
(economy_imports_partners#mali#mostly franc zone and Western Europe)
(economy_external_debt#mali#$2.8 billion {1995 est.})
(economy_economic_aid_recipient#mali#ODA, $NA)
(economy_currency#mali#1 Communaute Financiere Africaine franc {CFAF} = 100 centimes)
(economy_exchange_rates#mali#CFA francs {CFAF} per US$1 - 500.56 {January 1996}, 499.15 {1995}, 555.20 {1994}, 283.16 {1993}, 264.69 {1992}, 282.11 {1991})
(economy_exchange_rates_note#mali#beginning 12 January 1994, the CFA franc was devalued to CFAF 100 per French franc from CFAF 50 at which it had been fixed since 1948)
(economy_fiscal_year#mali#calendar year)
(transportation_railways_total#mali#641 km; note - linked to Senegal's rail system through Kayes)
(transportation_railways_narrow_gauge#mali#641 km 1.000-m gauge {1995})
(transportation_highways_total#mali#15,610 km)
(transportation_highways_paved#mali#1,661 km)
(transportation_highways_unpaved#mali#13,949 km {1987 est.})
(transportation_waterways#mali#1,815 km navigable)
(transportation_ports#mali#Koulikoro)
(transportation_airports_total#mali#24)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_2,438_to_3,047_m#mali#4)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_914_to_1,523_m#mali#2)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_under_914_m#mali#7)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_1,524_to_2,437_m#mali#3)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_914_to_1,523_m#mali#8 {1995 est.})
(communications_telephones#mali#11,000 {1982 est.})
(communications_telephone_system#mali#domestic system poor but improving; provides only minimal service)
(communications_telephone_system_domestic#mali#network consists of microwave radio relay, open wire, and radiotelephone communications stations; expansion of microwave radio relay in progress)
(communications_telephone_system_international#mali#satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat {1 Atlantic Ocean and 1 Indian Ocean})
(communications_radio_broadcast_stations#mali#AM 2, FM 2, shortwave 0)
(communications_radios#mali#430,000 {1992 est.})
(communications_television_broadcast_stations#mali#2 {1987 est.})
(communications_televisions#mali#11,000 {1992 est.})
(defense_branches#mali#Army, Air Force, Gendarmerie, Republican Guard, National Guard, National Police {Surete Nationale})
(defense_manpower_availability_males_age_15-49#mali#1,925,205)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_fit_for_military_service#mali#1,100,599 {1996 est.})
(defense_defense_expenditures#mali#exchange rate conversion - $66 million, 2.2% of GDP {1994})
(geography_location#malta#Southern Europe, islands in the Mediterranean Sea, south of Sicily {Italy})
(geography_geographic_coordinates#malta#35 50 N, 14 35 E)
(geography_map_references#malta#Europe)
(geography_area_total_area#malta#320 sq km)
(geography_area_land_area#malta#320 sq km)
(geography_area_comparative_area#malta#less than twice the size of Washington, DC)
(geography_land_boundaries#malta#0 km)
(geography_coastline#malta#140 km)
(geography_maritime_claims_contiguous_zone#malta#24 nm)
(geography_maritime_claims_continental_shelf#malta#200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation)
(geography_maritime_claims_exclusive_fishing_zone#malta#25 nm)
(geography_maritime_claims_territorial_sea#malta#12 nm)
(geography_international_disputes#malta#Malta and Tunisia are discussing the commercial exploitation of the continental shelf between their countries, particularly for oil exploration)
(geography_climate#malta#Mediterranean with mild, rainy winters and hot, dry summers)
(geography_terrain#malta#mostly low, rocky, flat to dissected plains; many coastal cliffs)
(geography_terrain_lowest_point#malta#Mediterranean Sea 0 m)
(geography_terrain_highest_point#malta#Dingli Cliffs 245 m)
(geography_natural_resources#malta#limestone, salt)
(geography_land_use_arable_land#malta#38%)
(geography_land_use_permanent_crops#malta#3%)
(geography_land_use_meadows_and_pastures#malta#0%)
(geography_land_use_forest_and_woodland#malta#0%)
(geography_land_use_other#malta#59%)
(geography_irrigated_land#malta#10 sq km {1989})
(geography_environment_current_issues#malta#very limited natural fresh water resources; increasing reliance on desalination)
(geography_environment_natural_hazards#malta#NA)
(geography_environment_international_agreements#malta#party to - Climate Change, Endangered Species, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands, Whaling; signed, but not ratified - Biodiversity, Desertification)
(geography_geographic_note#malta#the country comprises an archipelago, with only the three largest islands {Malta, Gozo, and Comino} being inhabited; numerous bays provide good harbors)
(people_population#malta#375,576 {July 1996 est.})
(people_age_structure_0-14_years#malta#22% {male 42,067; female 39,958})
(people_age_structure_15-64_years#malta#67% {male 126,179; female 125,321})
(people_age_structure_65_years_and_over#malta#11% {male 17,766; female 24,285} {July 1996 est.})
(people_population_growth_rate#malta#1.01% {1996 est.})
(people_birth_rate#malta#14.79 births/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_death_rate#malta#6.83 deaths/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_net_migration_rate#malta#2.12 migrant{s}/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_sex_ratio_at_birth#malta#1.06 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_under_15_years#malta#1.05 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_15-64_years#malta#1.01 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_65_years_and_over#malta#0.73 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_all_ages#malta#0.98 male{s}/female {1996 est.})
(people_infant_mortality_rate#malta#6.9 deaths/1,000 live births {1996 est.})
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_total_population#malta#78.11 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_male#malta#75.77 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_female#malta#80.6 years {1996 est.})
(people_total_fertility_rate#malta#2.17 children born/woman {1996 est.})
(people_nationality_noun#malta#Maltese {singular and plural})
(people_nationality_adjective#malta#Maltese)
(people_ethnic_divisions#malta#Arab, Sicilian, Norman, Spanish, Italian, English)
(people_religions#malta#Roman Catholic 98%)
(people_languages#malta#Maltese {official}, English {official})
(people_literacy#malta#age 15 and over can read and write {1985 est.})
(people_literacy_total_population#malta#84%)
(people_literacy_male#malta#86%)
(people_literacy_female#malta#82%)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_long_form#malta#Republic of Malta)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_short_form#malta#Malta)
(government_data_code#malta#MT)
(government_type_of_government#malta#parliamentary democracy)
(government_capital#malta#Valletta)
(government_administrative_divisions#malta#none {administered directly from Valletta})
(government_independence#malta#21 September 1964 {from UK})
(government_national_holiday#malta#Independence Day, 21 September {1964})
(government_constitution#malta#1964 constitution substantially amended on 13 December 1974)
(government_legal_system#malta#based on English common law and Roman civil law; has accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations)
(government_suffrage#malta#18 years of age; universal)
(government_executive_branch_chief_of_state#malta#President Ugo MIFSUD BONNICI {since 4 April 1994} was elected for a five-year term by the House of Representatives)
(government_executive_branch_head_of_government#malta#Prime Minister Dr. Edward {Eddie} FENECH ADAMI {since 12 May 1987} was appointed by the president; Deputy Prime Minister {since 14 May 1987} and Foreign Minister {since 1990} Dr. Guido DE MARCO)
(government_executive_branch_cabinet#malta#Cabinet was appointed by the president on advice of the prime minister)
(government_legislative_branch#malta#unicameral)
(government_house_of_representatives#malta#elections last held 22 February 1992 {next to be held by February 1997}; results - NP 51.8%, MLP 46.5%; seats - {usually 65 total} MLP 36, NP 29; note - additional seats are given to the party with the largest popular vote to ensure a legislative majority; current total: 69 {NP 36, MLP 33 after adjustment})
(government_judicial_branch#malta#Constitutional Court, judges are appointed by the president on the advice of the prime minister; Court of Appeal, judges are appointed by the president on the advice of the prime minister)
(government_political_parties_and_leaders#malta#Nationalist Party {NP}, Edward FENECH ADAMI; Malta Labor Party {MLP}, Alfred SANT)
(government_international_organization_participation#malta#C, CCC, CE, EBRD, ECE, EU {applicant}, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IFAD, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Inmarset, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, IOM {observer}, ISO {correspondent}, ITU, NACC, NAM, OSCE, PCA, PFP, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCL, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_chief_of_mission#malta#Ambassador Albert Borg Olivier DE PUGET)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_chancery#malta#2017 Connecticut Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_telephone#malta#[1] {202} 462-3611, 3612)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_fax#malta#[1] {202} 387-5470)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_consulate{s}#malta#New York)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_chief_of_mission#malta#Ambassador Joseph R. PAOLINO, Jr.)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_embassy#malta#2nd Floor, Development House, Saint Anne Street, Floriana, Malta)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_mailing_address#malta#P. O. Box 535, Valletta)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_telephone#malta#[356] 235960)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_fax#malta#[356] 243229)
(government_flag#malta#two equal vertical bands of white {hoist side} and red; in the upper hoist-side corner is a representation of the George Cross, edged in red)
(economy_economic_overview#malta#Significant resources are limestone, a favorable geographic location, and a productive labor force. Malta produces only about 20% of its food needs, has limited freshwater supplies, and has no domestic energy sources. Consequently, the economy is highly dependent on foreign trade and services. Manufacturing and tourism are the largest contributors to the economy. Manufacturing accounts for about 24% of GDP, with the electronics and textile industries major contributors and with the state-owned Malta drydocks employing about 4,300 people. In 1994, over 1 million tourists visited the island. Per capita GDP of $12,000 places Malta in the range of the less affluent EU countries.)
(economy_gdp#malta#purchasing power parity - $4.4 billion {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_real_growth_rate#malta#5% {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_per_capita#malta#$12,000 {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_agriculture#malta#NA%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_industry#malta#NA%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_services#malta#NA%)
(economy_inflation_rate_{consumer_prices}#malta#5% {1995 est.})
(economy_labor_force#malta#139,600 {1994})
(economy_labor_force_by_occupation#malta#government {excluding job corps} 37%, services 26%, manufacturing 22%, training programs 9%, construction 4%, agriculture 2% {1990})
(economy_unemployment_rate#malta#3.4% {third quarter 1995})
(economy_budget_revenues#malta#$1.4 billion)
(economy_budget_expenditures#malta#$1.4 billion, including capital expenditures of $215 million {FY94/95 est.})
(economy_industries#malta#tourism, electronics, ship repair yard, construction, food manufacturing, textiles, footwear, clothing, beverages, tobacco)
(economy_industrial_production_growth_rate#malta#5.4% {1992})
(economy_electricity_capacity#malta#250,000 kW)
(economy_electricity_production#malta#1.1 billion kWh)
(economy_electricity_consumption_per_capita#malta#2,749 kWh {1993})
(economy_agriculture#malta#potatoes, cauliflower, grapes, wheat, barley, tomatoes, citrus, cut flowers, green peppers; pork, milk, poultry, eggs)
(economy_illicit_drugs#malta#transshipment point for hashish from North Africa to Western Europe)
(economy_exports#malta#$1.5 billion {f.o.b., 1994})
(economy_exports_commodities#malta#machinery and transport equipment, clothing and footware, printed matter)
(economy_exports_partners#malta#Italy 32%, Germany 16%, UK 8%)
(economy_imports#malta#$2.5 billion {c.i.f., 1994})
(economy_imports_commodities#malta#food, petroleum, machinery and semimanufactured goods)
(economy_imports_partners#malta#Italy 27%, Germany 14%, UK 13%, US 9%)
(economy_external_debt#malta#$603 million {1992})
(economy_economic_aid_recipient#malta#ODA, $NA)
(economy_currency#malta#1 Maltese lira {LM} = 100 cents)
(economy_exchange_rates#malta#Maltese liri {LM} per US$1 - 0.3570 {January 1996}, 0.3529 {1995}, 0.3776 {1994}, 0.3821 {1993}, 0.3178 {1992}, 0.3226 {1991})
(economy_fiscal_year#malta#1 April - 31 March)
(transportation_railways#malta#0 km)
(transportation_highways_total#malta#1,582 km)
(transportation_highways_paved#malta#1,471 km)
(transportation_highways_unpaved#malta#111 km {1993 est.})
(transportation_ports#malta#Marsaxlokk, Valletta)
(transportation_merchant_marine_total#malta#1,045 ships {1,000 GRT or over} totaling 17,082,925 GRT/28,829,144 DWT)
(transportation_merchant_marine_ships_by_type#malta#bulk 285, cargo 331, chemical tanker 28, combination bulk 28, combination ore/oil 16, container 39, liquefied gas tanker 4, livestock carrier 1, multifunction large-load carrier 6, oil tanker 208, passenger 7, passenger-cargo 3, railcar carrier 1, refrigerated cargo 20, roll-on/roll-off cargo 29, short-sea passenger 23, specialized tanker 4, vehicle carrier 12)
(transportation_merchant_marine_note#malta#a flag of convenience registry; includes ships from 47 countries among which are Greece 425, Croatia 62, Russia 43, Switzerland 39, Italy 32, Norway 25, Monaco 23, Georgia 23, UK 22, and Germany 19 {1995 est.})
(transportation_airports_total#malta#1)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_over_3,047_m#malta#1 {1995 est.})
(communications_telephones#malta#191,876 {1992 est.})
(communications_telephone_system#malta#automatic system satisfies normal requirements)
(communications_telephone_system_domestic#malta#submarine cable and microwave radio relay between islands)
(communications_telephone_system_international#malta#1 submarine cable; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat {Atlantic Ocean})
(communications_radio_broadcast_stations#malta#AM 8, FM 4, shortwave 0)
(communications_radios#malta#189,000 {1992 est.})
(communications_television_broadcast_stations#malta#2 {1987 est.})
(communications_televisions#malta#267,000 {1992 est.})
(defense_branches#malta#Armed Forces, Maltese Police Force)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_age_15-49#malta#99,018)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_fit_for_military_service#malta#78,656 {1996 est.})
(defense_defense_expenditures#malta#exchange rate conversion - $21.0 million, 1.0% of GDP {FY92/93})
(header_affiliation#man,_isle_of#{British crown dependency})
(geography_location#man,_isle_of#Western Europe, island in the Irish Sea, between Great Britain and Ireland)
(geography_geographic_coordinates#man,_isle_of#54 15 N, 4 30 W)
(geography_map_references#man,_isle_of#Europe)
(geography_area_total_area#man,_isle_of#588 sq km)
(geography_area_land_area#man,_isle_of#588 sq km)
(geography_area_comparative_area#man,_isle_of#slightly more than three times the size of Washington, DC)
(geography_land_boundaries#man,_isle_of#0 km)
(geography_coastline#man,_isle_of#113 km)
(geography_maritime_claims_exclusive_fishing_zone#man,_isle_of#12 nm)
(geography_maritime_claims_territorial_sea#man,_isle_of#12 nm)
(geography_international_disputes#man,_isle_of#none)
(geography_climate#man,_isle_of#cool summers and mild winters; humid; overcast about half the time)
(geography_terrain#man,_isle_of#hills in north and south bisected by central valley)
(geography_terrain_lowest_point#man,_isle_of#Irish Sea 0 m)
(geography_terrain_highest_point#man,_isle_of#Snaefell 620 m)
(geography_natural_resources#man,_isle_of#lead, iron ore)
(geography_land_use_arable_land#man,_isle_of#NA%)
(geography_land_use_permanent_crops#man,_isle_of#NA%)
(geography_land_use_meadows_and_pastures#man,_isle_of#NA%)
(geography_land_use_forest_and_woodland#man,_isle_of#NA%)
(geography_land_use_other#man,_isle_of#NA% {extensive arable land and forests})
(geography_irrigated_land#man,_isle_of#NA sq km)
(geography_environment_current_issues#man,_isle_of#NA)
(geography_environment_natural_hazards#man,_isle_of#NA)
(geography_environment_international_agreements#man,_isle_of#NA)
(geography_geographic_note#man,_isle_of#one small islet, the Calf of Man, lies to the southwest, and is a bird sanctuary)
(people_population#man,_isle_of#73,837 {July 1996 est.})
(people_age_structure_0-14_years#man,_isle_of#18% {male 6,606; female 6,348})
(people_age_structure_15-64_years#man,_isle_of#65% {male 23,917; female 23,815})
(people_age_structure_65_years_and_over#man,_isle_of#17% {male 5,239; female 7,912} {July 1996 est.})
(people_population_growth_rate#man,_isle_of#0.94% {1996 est.})
(people_birth_rate#man,_isle_of#12.43 births/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_death_rate#man,_isle_of#12.09 deaths/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_net_migration_rate#man,_isle_of#9.02 migrant{s}/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_sex_ratio_at_birth#man,_isle_of#1.05 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_under_15_years#man,_isle_of#1.04 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_15-64_years#man,_isle_of#1 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_65_years_and_over#man,_isle_of#0.66 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_all_ages#man,_isle_of#0.94 male{s}/female {1996 est.})
(people_infant_mortality_rate#man,_isle_of#2.4 deaths/1,000 live births {1996 est.})
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_total_population#man,_isle_of#77.15 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_male#man,_isle_of#73.56 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_female#man,_isle_of#80.91 years {1996 est.})
(people_total_fertility_rate#man,_isle_of#1.68 children born/woman {1996 est.})
(people_nationality_noun#man,_isle_of#Manxman, Manxwoman)
(people_nationality_adjective#man,_isle_of#Manx)
(people_ethnic_divisions#man,_isle_of#Manx {Norse-Celtic descent}, Briton)
(people_religions#man,_isle_of#Anglican, Roman Catholic, Methodist, Baptist, Presbyterian, Society of Friends)
(people_languages#man,_isle_of#English, Manx Gaelic)
(people_literacy#man,_isle_of#NA)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_long_form#man,_isle_of#none)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_short_form#man,_isle_of#Isle of Man)
(government_data_code#man,_isle_of#IM)
(government_type_of_government#man,_isle_of#British crown dependency)
(government_capital#man,_isle_of#Douglas)
(government_administrative_divisions#man,_isle_of#none {British crown dependency})
(government_independence#man,_isle_of#none {British crown dependency})
(government_national_holiday#man,_isle_of#Tynwald Day, 5 July)
(government_constitution#man,_isle_of#1961, Isle of Man Constitution Act)
(government_legal_system#man,_isle_of#English law and local statute)
(government_suffrage#man,_isle_of#21 years of age; universal)
(government_executive_branch_chief_of_state#man,_isle_of#Lord of Mann Queen ELIZABETH II {of the United Kingdom since 6 February 1952}, represented by Lieutenant Governor His Excellency Sir Timothy DAUNT {since NA 1995} who was appointed for a five-year term by the queen)
(government_executive_branch_head_of_government#man,_isle_of#President of the Legislative Council Sir Charles KERRUISH {since NA 1990}; was elected by the Tynwald)
(government_executive_branch_cabinet#man,_isle_of#Council of Ministers)
(government_legislative_branch#man,_isle_of#bicameral Tynwald)
(government_legislative_council#man,_isle_of#consists of a 10-member body composed of the Lord Bishop of Sodor and Man, a nonvoting attorney general, and 8 others named by the House of Keys)
(government_house_of_keys#man,_isle_of#elections last held NA November 1991 {next to be held NA 1996}; results - percent of vote NA; seats - {24 total} independents 24)
(government_judicial_branch#man,_isle_of#High Court of Justice, justices are appointed by the Lord Chancellor of England on the nomination of the lieutenant governor)
(government_political_parties_and_leaders#man,_isle_of#there is no party system; members sit as independents)
(government_international_organization_participation#man,_isle_of#none)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us#man,_isle_of#none {British crown dependency})
(government_us_diplomatic_representation#man,_isle_of#none {British crown dependency})
(government_flag#man,_isle_of#red with the Three Legs of Man emblem {Trinacria}, in the center; the three legs are joined at the thigh and bent at the knee; in order to have the toes pointing clockwise on both sides of the flag, a two-sided emblem is used)
(economy_economic_overview#man,_isle_of#Offshore banking, manufacturing, and tourism are key sectors of the economy. The government's policy of offering incentives to high-technology companies and financial institutions to locate on the island has paid off in expanding employment opportunities in high-income industries. As a result, agriculture and fishing, once the mainstays of the economy, have declined in their shares of GDP. Banking now contributes about 45% to GDP. Trade is mostly with the UK. The Isle of Man enjoys free access to EU markets.)
(economy_gdp#man,_isle_of#purchasing power parity - $780 million {1994 est.})
(economy_gdp_real_growth_rate#man,_isle_of#NA%)
(economy_gdp_per_capita#man,_isle_of#$10,800 {1994 est.})
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_agriculture#man,_isle_of#NA%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_industry#man,_isle_of#NA%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_services#man,_isle_of#NA%)
(economy_inflation_rate_{consumer_prices}#man,_isle_of#7% {1992 est.})
(economy_labor_force#man,_isle_of#31,829 {1991})
(economy_labor_force_by_occupation#man,_isle_of#manufacturing 11%, construction 11%, transport and communication 6%, retail distribution 9%, professional and scientific services 17%, public administration 7%, banking and finance 8%)
(economy_unemployment_rate#man,_isle_of#1% {1992 est.})
(economy_budget_revenues#man,_isle_of#$130.4 million)
(economy_budget_expenditures#man,_isle_of#$114.4 million, including capital expenditures of $18.1 million {1985 est.})
(economy_industries#man,_isle_of#financial services, light manufacturing, tourism)
(economy_industrial_production_growth_rate#man,_isle_of#NA%)
(economy_electricity_capacity#man,_isle_of#61,000 kW)
(economy_electricity_production#man,_isle_of#190 million kWh)
(economy_electricity_consumption_per_capita#man,_isle_of#2,965 kWh {1992})
(economy_agriculture#man,_isle_of#cereals, vegetables; cattle, sheep, pigs, poultry)
(economy_exports#man,_isle_of#$NA)
(economy_exports_commodities#man,_isle_of#tweeds, herring, processed shellfish, beef, lamb)
(economy_exports_partners#man,_isle_of#UK)
(economy_imports#man,_isle_of#$NA)
(economy_imports_commodities#man,_isle_of#timber, fertilizers, fish)
(economy_imports_partners#man,_isle_of#UK)
(economy_external_debt#man,_isle_of#$NA)
(economy_economic_aid_recipient#man,_isle_of#ODA, $NA)
(economy_currency#man,_isle_of#1 Manx pound {úM} = 100 pence)
(economy_exchange_rates#man,_isle_of#Manx pounds {úM} per US$1 - 0.6537 {January 1996}, 0.6335 {1995}, 0.6529 {1994}, 0.6658 {1993}, 0.5664 {1992}, 0.5652 {1991}; the Manx pound is at par with the British pound)
(economy_fiscal_year#man,_isle_of#1 April - 31 March)
(transportation_railways_total#man,_isle_of#52 km {27 km electrified})
(transportation_highways#man,_isle_of#640 km)
(transportation_highways_paved#man,_isle_of#320 km)
(transportation_highways_unpaved#man,_isle_of#320 km)
(transportation_ports#man,_isle_of#Castletown, Douglas, Peel, Ramsey)
(transportation_merchant_marine_total#man,_isle_of#83 ships {1,000 GRT or over} totaling 2,099,888 GRT/3,569,632 DWT)
(transportation_merchant_marine_ships_by_type#man,_isle_of#bulk 13, cargo 10, chemical tanker 4, container 12, liquefied gas tanker 8, oil tanker 18, passenger 2, roll-on/roll-off cargo 13, short-sea passenger 1, vehicle carrier 2)
(transportation_merchant_marine_note#man,_isle_of#a flag of convenience registry; UK owns 10 ships, Switzerland 2, South Africa 2, Denmark 1, and Netherlands 1 {1995 est.})
(transportation_airports_total#man,_isle_of#1)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_1,524_to_2,437_m#man,_isle_of#1 {1995 est.})
(communications_telephones#man,_isle_of#41,000 {1995})
(communications_telephone_system_domestic#man,_isle_of#NA)
(communications_telephone_system_international#man,_isle_of#NA)
(communications_radio_broadcast_stations#man,_isle_of#AM 1, FM 4, shortwave 0)
(communications_radios#man,_isle_of#NA)
(communications_television_broadcast_stations#man,_isle_of#4)
(communications_televisions#man,_isle_of#NA)
(defense_defense_note#man,_isle_of#defense is the responsibility of the UK)
(geography_location#marshall_islands#Oceania, group of atolls and reefs in the North Pacific Ocean, about one-half of the way from Hawaii to Papua New Guinea)
(geography_geographic_coordinates#marshall_islands#9 00 N, 168 00 E)
(geography_map_references#marshall_islands#Oceania)
(geography_area_total_area#marshall_islands#181.3 sq km)
(geography_area_land_area#marshall_islands#181.3 sq km)
(geography_area_comparative_area#marshall_islands#about the size of Washington, DC)
(geography_area_note#marshall_islands#includes the atolls of Bikini, Enewetak, and Kwajalein)
(geography_land_boundaries#marshall_islands#0 km)
(geography_coastline#marshall_islands#370.4 km)
(geography_maritime_claims_contiguous_zone#marshall_islands#24 nm)
(geography_maritime_claims_exclusive_economic_zone#marshall_islands#200 nm)
(geography_maritime_claims_territorial_sea#marshall_islands#12 nm)
(geography_international_disputes#marshall_islands#claims US territory of Wake Island)
(geography_climate#marshall_islands#wet season May to November; hot and humid; islands border typhoon belt)
(geography_terrain#marshall_islands#low coral limestone and sand islands)
(geography_terrain_lowest_point#marshall_islands#Pacific Ocean 0 m)
(geography_terrain_highest_point#marshall_islands#unnamed location on Likiep 10 m)
(geography_natural_resources#marshall_islands#phosphate deposits, marine products, deep seabed minerals)
(geography_land_use_arable_land#marshall_islands#0%)
(geography_land_use_permanent_crops#marshall_islands#60%)
(geography_land_use_meadows_and_pastures#marshall_islands#0%)
(geography_land_use_forest_and_woodland#marshall_islands#0%)
(geography_land_use_other#marshall_islands#40%)
(geography_irrigated_land#marshall_islands#NA sq km)
(geography_environment_current_issues#marshall_islands#inadequate supplies of potable water)
(geography_environment_natural_hazards#marshall_islands#occasional typhoons)
(geography_environment_international_agreements#marshall_islands#party to - Biodiversity, Climate Change, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution)
(geography_geographic_note#marshall_islands#two archipelagic island chains of 30 atolls and 1,152 islands; Bikini and Enewetak are former US nuclear test sites; Kwajalein, the famous World War II battleground, is now used as a US missile test range)
(people_population#marshall_islands#58,363 {July 1996 est.})
(people_age_structure_0-14_years#marshall_islands#51% {male 15,043; female 14,435})
(people_age_structure_15-64_years#marshall_islands#47% {male 14,084; female 13,399})
(people_age_structure_65_years_and_over#marshall_islands#2% {male 657; female 745} {July 1996 est.})
(people_population_growth_rate#marshall_islands#3.85% {1996 est.})
(people_birth_rate#marshall_islands#45.75 births/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_death_rate#marshall_islands#7.28 deaths/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_net_migration_rate#marshall_islands#0 migrant{s}/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_sex_ratio_at_birth#marshall_islands#1.05 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_under_15_years#marshall_islands#1.04 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_15-64_years#marshall_islands#1.05 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_65_years_and_over#marshall_islands#0.88 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_all_ages#marshall_islands#1.04 male{s}/female {1996 est.})
(people_infant_mortality_rate#marshall_islands#46.9 deaths/1,000 live births {1996 est.})
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_total_population#marshall_islands#63.81 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_male#marshall_islands#62.25 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_female#marshall_islands#65.45 years {1996 est.})
(people_total_fertility_rate#marshall_islands#6.83 children born/woman {1996 est.})
(people_nationality_noun#marshall_islands#Marshallese {singular and plural})
(people_nationality_adjective#marshall_islands#Marshallese)
(people_ethnic_divisions#marshall_islands#Micronesian)
(people_religions#marshall_islands#Christian {mostly Protestant})
(people_languages#marshall_islands#English {universally spoken and is the official language}, two major Marshallese dialects from the Malayo-Polynesian family, Japanese)
(people_literacy#marshall_islands#age 15 and over can read and write {1980 est.})
(people_literacy_total_population#marshall_islands#93%)
(people_literacy_male#marshall_islands#100%)
(people_literacy_female#marshall_islands#88%)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_long_form#marshall_islands#Republic of the Marshall Islands)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_short_form#marshall_islands#Marshall Islands)
(government_name_of_country_former#marshall_islands#Marshall Islands District {Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands})
(government_data_code#marshall_islands#RM)
(government_type_of_government#marshall_islands#constitutional government in free association with the US; the Compact of Free Association entered into force 21 October 1986)
(government_capital#marshall_islands#Majuro)
(government_administrative_divisions#marshall_islands#none)
(government_independence#marshall_islands#21 October 1986 {from the US-administered UN trusteeship})
(government_national_holiday#marshall_islands#Proclamation of the Republic of the Marshall Islands, 1 May {1979})
(government_constitution#marshall_islands#1 May 1979)
(government_legal_system#marshall_islands#based on adapted Trust Territory laws, acts of the legislature, municipal, common, and customary laws)
(government_suffrage#marshall_islands#18 years of age; universal)
(government_executive_branch_chief_of_state_and_head_of_government#marshall_islands#President Amata KABUA {since NA 1979} was elected for a four-year term by the Nitijela from among its own members; election last held 20 November 1995 {next to be held NA 1999}; results - President Amata KABUA was reelected)
(government_executive_branch_cabinet#marshall_islands#Cabinet; president selects from among the members of Parliament)
(government_legislative_branch#marshall_islands#unicameral)
(government_parliament_{nitijela}#marshall_islands#elections last held 20 November 1995 {next to be held NA November 1999}; results - percent of vote NA; seats - {33 total} seats by party NA)
(government_judicial_branch#marshall_islands#Supreme Court; High Court)
(government_political_parties_and_leaders_government#marshall_islands#Our Islands Party, President Amata KABUA)
(government_political_parties_and_leaders_opposition#marshall_islands#Ralik/Ratak Democratic Party {RRDP}, Ramsey REIMERS)
(government_international_organization_participation#marshall_islands#AsDB, ESCAP, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFC, IMF, Intelsat {nonsignatory user}, Interpol, Sparteca, SPC, SPF, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, WHO)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_chief_of_mission#marshall_islands#Ambassador {vacant})
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_chancery#marshall_islands#2433 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_telephone#marshall_islands#[1] {202} 234-5414)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_fax#marshall_islands#[1] {202} 232-3236)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_consulate{s}_general#marshall_islands#Honolulu and Los Angeles)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_chief_of_mission#marshall_islands#Ambassador Joan PLAISTED)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_embassy#marshall_islands#Oceanside, Long Island, Majuro)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_mailing_address#marshall_islands#P. O. Box 1379, Majuro, Republic of the Marshall Islands 96960-1379; Majuro, 20521-4380 {pouch})
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_telephone#marshall_islands#[692] 247-4011)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_fax#marshall_islands#[692] 247-4012)
(government_flag#marshall_islands#blue with two stripes radiating from the lower hoist-side corner - orange {top} and white; there is a white star with four large rays and 20 small rays on the hoist side above the two stripes)
(economy_economic_overview#marshall_islands#Agriculture and tourism are the mainstays of the economy. Agricultural production is concentrated on small farms, and the most important commercial crops are coconuts, tomatoes, melons, and breadfruit. A few cattle ranches supply the domestic meat market. Small-scale industry is limited to handicrafts, fish processing, and copra. The tourist industry is the primary source of foreign exchange and employs about 10% of the labor force. The islands have few natural resources, and imports far exceed exports. The government is drafting economic reforms designed to increase revenue and compensate for reductions in US Government grants - in 1994, the US Government provided grants of $50 million, equal to 55% of the Marshall Islands' GDP. About 25% of the government's 1995/96 budget is devoted to debt repayment.)
(economy_gdp#marshall_islands#purchasing power parity - $94 million {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_real_growth_rate#marshall_islands#1.5% {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_per_capita#marshall_islands#$1,680 {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_agriculture#marshall_islands#NA%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_industry#marshall_islands#NA%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_services#marshall_islands#NA%)
(economy_inflation_rate_{consumer_prices}#marshall_islands#4% {1995 est.})
(economy_labor_force#marshall_islands#4,800 {1986})
(economy_labor_force_by_occupation#marshall_islands#NA)
(economy_unemployment_rate#marshall_islands#16% {1991 est.})
(economy_budget_revenues#marshall_islands#$67.2 million)
(economy_budget_expenditures#marshall_islands#$79.6 million, including capital expenditures of $NA {FY94/95 est.})
(economy_industries#marshall_islands#copra, fish, tourism, craft items from shell, wood, and pearls, offshore banking {embryonic})
(economy_industrial_production_growth_rate#marshall_islands#NA%)
(economy_electricity_capacity#marshall_islands#42,000 kW)
(economy_electricity_production#marshall_islands#80 million kWh)
(economy_electricity_consumption_per_capita#marshall_islands#1,840 kWh {1990})
(economy_agriculture#marshall_islands#coconuts, cacao, taro, breadfruit, fruits; pigs, chickens)
(economy_exports#marshall_islands#$21.3 million {f.o.b., 1995 est.})
(economy_exports_commodities#marshall_islands#coconut oil, fish, live animals, trochus shells)
(economy_exports_partners#marshall_islands#US, Japan, Australia)
(economy_imports#marshall_islands#$69.9 million {c.i.f., 1995 est.})
(economy_imports_commodities#marshall_islands#foodstuffs, machinery and equipment, beverages and tobacco, fuels)
(economy_imports_partners#marshall_islands#US, Japan, Australia)
(economy_external_debt#marshall_islands#$170 million {1994})
(economy_economic_aid_recipient#marshall_islands#under the terms of the Compact of Free Association, the US is to provide approximately $40 million in aid annually)
(economy_currency#marshall_islands#1 United States dollar {US$} = 100 cents)
(economy_exchange_rates#marshall_islands#US currency is used)
(economy_fiscal_year#marshall_islands#1 October - 30 September)
(transportation_railways#marshall_islands#0 km)
(transportation_highways_total#marshall_islands#NA km)
(transportation_highways_paved#marshall_islands#NA km)
(transportation_highways_unpaved#marshall_islands#NA km)
(transportation_highways_note#marshall_islands#paved roads on major islands {Majuro, Kwajalein}, otherwise stone-, coral-, or laterite-surfaced roads and tracks)
(transportation_ports#marshall_islands#Majuro)
(transportation_merchant_marine_total#marshall_islands#78 ships {1,000 GRT or over} totaling 3,068,782 GRT/5,073,125 DWT)
(transportation_merchant_marine_ships_by_type#marshall_islands#bulk carrier 43, cargo 4, combination ore/oil 1, container 17, oil tanker 11, refrigerated cargo 1, vehicle carrier 1 {1995 est.})
(transportation_airports_total#marshall_islands#16)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_1,524_to_2,437_m#marshall_islands#3)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_914_to_1,523_m#marshall_islands#1)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_under_914_m#marshall_islands#5)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_914_to_1,523_m#marshall_islands#7 {1995 est.})
(communications_telephones#marshall_islands#800 {1988 est.})
(communications_telephone_system#marshall_islands#telex services)
(communications_telephone_system_domestic#marshall_islands#islands interconnected by shortwave radiotelephone {used mostly for government purposes})
(communications_telephone_system_international#marshall_islands#satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat {Pacific Ocean}; US Government satellite communications system on Kwajalein)
(communications_radio_broadcast_stations#marshall_islands#AM 1, FM 2, shortwave 1)
(communications_radios#marshall_islands#NA)
(communications_television_broadcast_stations#marshall_islands#1)
(communications_televisions#marshall_islands#NA)
(defense_branches#marshall_islands#no regular military forces {a coast guard may be established}; Police Force)
(defense_defense_note#marshall_islands#defense is the responsibility of the US)
(header_affiliation#martinique#{overseas department of France})
(geography_location#martinique#Caribbean, island in the Caribbean Sea, north of Trinidad and Tobago)
(geography_geographic_coordinates#martinique#14 40 N, 61 00 W)
(geography_map_references#martinique#Central America and the Caribbean)
(geography_area_total_area#martinique#1,100 sq km)
(geography_area_land_area#martinique#1,060 sq km)
(geography_area_comparative_area#martinique#slightly more than six times the size of Washington, DC)
(geography_land_boundaries#martinique#0 km)
(geography_coastline#martinique#350 km)
(geography_maritime_claims_exclusive_economic_zone#martinique#200 nm)
(geography_maritime_claims_territorial_sea#martinique#12 nm)
(geography_international_disputes#martinique#none)
(geography_climate#martinique#tropical; moderated by trade winds; rainy season {June to October}; vulnerable to devastating cyclones {hurricanes} every eight years on average; average temperature 17.3 degrees C; humid)
(geography_terrain#martinique#mountainous with indented coastline; dormant volcano)
(geography_terrain_lowest_point#martinique#Caribbean Sea 0 m)
(geography_terrain_highest_point#martinique#Montagne Pelee 1,397 m)
(geography_natural_resources#martinique#coastal scenery and beaches, cultivable land)
(geography_land_use_arable_land#martinique#10%)
(geography_land_use_permanent_crops#martinique#8%)
(geography_land_use_meadows_and_pastures#martinique#30%)
(geography_land_use_forest_and_woodland#martinique#26%)
(geography_land_use_other#martinique#26%)
(geography_irrigated_land#martinique#60 sq km {1989 est.})
(geography_environment_current_issues#martinique#NA)
(geography_environment_natural_hazards#martinique#hurricanes, flooding, and volcanic activity {an average of one major natural disaster every five years})
(geography_environment_international_agreements#martinique#NA)
(people_population#martinique#399,151 {July 1996 est.})
(people_age_structure_0-14_years#martinique#23% {male 46,851; female 45,300})
(people_age_structure_15-64_years#martinique#67% {male 132,161; female 135,707})
(people_age_structure_65_years_and_over#martinique#10% {male 16,542; female 22,590} {July 1996 est.})
(people_population_growth_rate#martinique#1.1% {1996 est.})
(people_birth_rate#martinique#16.92 births/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_death_rate#martinique#5.85 deaths/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_net_migration_rate#martinique#-0.1 migrant{s}/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_sex_ratio_at_birth#martinique#1.04 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_under_15_years#martinique#1.03 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_15-64_years#martinique#0.97 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_65_years_and_over#martinique#0.73 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_all_ages#martinique#0.96 male{s}/female {1996 est.})
(people_infant_mortality_rate#martinique#7.1 deaths/1,000 live births {1996 est.})
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_total_population#martinique#78.81 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_male#martinique#76.07 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_female#martinique#81.68 years {1996 est.})
(people_total_fertility_rate#martinique#1.81 children born/woman {1996 est.})
(people_nationality_noun#martinique#Martiniquais {singular and plural})
(people_nationality_adjective#martinique#Martiniquais)
(people_ethnic_divisions#martinique#African and African-white-Indian mixture 90%, white 5%, East Indian, Lebanese, Chinese less than 5%)
(people_religions#martinique#Roman Catholic 95%, Hindu and pagan African 5%)
(people_languages#martinique#French, Creole patois)
(people_literacy#martinique#age 15 and over can read and write {1982 est.})
(people_literacy_total_population#martinique#93%)
(people_literacy_male#martinique#92%)
(people_literacy_female#martinique#93%)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_long_form#martinique#Department of Martinique)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_short_form#martinique#Martinique)
(government_name_of_country_local_long_form#martinique#Departement de la Martinique)
(government_name_of_country_local_short_form#martinique#Martinique)
(government_data_code#martinique#MB)
(government_type_of_government#martinique#overseas department of France)
(government_capital#martinique#Fort-de-France)
(government_administrative_divisions#martinique#none {overseas department of France})
(government_independence#martinique#none {overseas department of France})
(government_national_holiday#martinique#National Day, Taking of the Bastille, 14 July {1789})
(government_constitution#martinique#28 September 1958 {French Constitution})
(government_legal_system#martinique#French legal system)
(government_suffrage#martinique#18 years of age; universal)
(government_executive_branch_chief_of_state#martinique#President {of France} Jacques CHIRAC {since 17 May 1995}; Prefect Jean-Francois CORDET {since NA} was appointed by the French Ministry of the Interior)
(government_executive_branch_head_of_government#martinique#President of the General Council Claude LISE {since 22 March 1992}; President of the Regional Council Emile CAPGRAS {since 22 March 1992};)
(government_legislative_branch#martinique#unicameral General Council and a unicameral Regional Assembly)
(government_general_council#martinique#elections last held NA March 1994 {next to be held NA}; results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - {44 total} number of seats by party NA; note - the PPM won a plurality)
(government_regional_assembly#martinique#elections last held on 22 March 1992 {next to be held by March 1998}; results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - {41 total} RPR-UDF 16, MIM 9, PPM 9, PCM 5, independents 2)
(government_french_senate#martinique#elections last held 24 September 1989 {next to be held September 1998}; results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - {2 total} UDF 1, PPM 1)
(government_french_national_assembly#martinique#elections last held 21 March 1993 {next to be held NA June 1998}; results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - {4 total} RPR 2, UDF 1, PPM 1)
(government_judicial_branch#martinique#Supreme Court)
(government_political_parties_and_leaders#martinique#Rally for the Republic {RPR}, Alex URSULET; Union for a Martinique of Progress {UMP}; Martinique Progressive Party {PPM}, Aime CESAIRE; Socialist Federation of Martinique {FSM}, Jean CRUSOL; Martinique Communist Party {PCM}, George ERICHOT; Martinique Patriots {PM}; Union for French Democracy {UDF}, Miguel LAVENTURE; Martinique Independence Movement {MIM}, Alfred MARIE-JEANNE; Republican Party {PR}, Jean BAILLY)
(government_other_political_or_pressure_groups#martinique#Proletarian Action Group {GAP}; Alhed Marie-Jeanne Socialist Revolution Group {GRS}; Caribbean Revolutionary Alliance {ARC}; Central Union for Martinique Workers {CSTM}, Marc PULVAR; Frantz Fanon Circle; League of Workers and Peasants; Parti Martiniquais Socialiste {PMS}; Association for the Protection of Martinique's Heritage {ecologist})
(government_international_organization_participation#martinique#FZ, WCL, WFTU)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us#martinique#none {overseas department of France})
(government_us_diplomatic_representation#martinique#none {overseas department of France})
(government_flag#martinique#a light blue background is divided into four quadrants by a white cross; in the center of each rectangle is a white snake; the flag of France is used for official occasions)
(economy_economic_overview#martinique#The economy is based on sugarcane, bananas, tourism, and light industry. Agriculture accounts for about 6% of GDP and the small industrial sector for 11%. Sugar production has declined, with most of the sugarcane now used for the production of rum. Banana exports are increasing, going mostly to France. The bulk of meat, vegetable, and grain requirements must be imported, contributing to a chronic trade deficit that requires large annual transfers of aid from France. Tourism has become more important than agricultural exports as a source of foreign exchange. The majority of the work force is employed in the service sector and in administration. Banana workers launched protests late in 1992 because of falling banana prices and fears of greater competition in the European market from other producers.)
(economy_gdp#martinique#purchasing power parity - $3.95 billion {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_real_growth_rate#martinique#NA%)
(economy_gdp_per_capita#martinique#$10,000 {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_agriculture#martinique#6%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_industry#martinique#11%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_services#martinique#83% {1992 est.})
(economy_inflation_rate_{consumer_prices}#martinique#3.9% {1990})
(economy_labor_force#martinique#121,600)
(economy_labor_force_by_occupation#martinique#agriculture 10%, industry 17%, services 73% {1992})
(economy_unemployment_rate#martinique#32.1% {1990})
(economy_budget_revenues#martinique#$657 million)
(economy_budget_expenditures#martinique#$2.2 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA {1992 est.})
(economy_industries#martinique#construction, rum, cement, oil refining, sugar, tourism)
(economy_industrial_production_growth_rate#martinique#NA%)
(economy_electricity_capacity#martinique#113,100 kW)
(economy_electricity_production#martinique#761 million kWh)
(economy_electricity_consumption_per_capita#martinique#1,677 kWh {1993})
(economy_agriculture#martinique#pineapples, avocados, bananas, flowers, vegetables, sugarcane for rum)
(economy_illicit_drugs#martinique#transshipment point for cocaine and marijuana bound for the US and Europe)
(economy_exports#martinique#$218 million {f.o.b., 1993})
(economy_exports_commodities#martinique#refined petroleum products, bananas, rum, pineapples)
(economy_exports_partners#martinique#France 57%, Guadeloupe 31%, French Guiana {1991})
(economy_imports#martinique#$1.76 billion {c.i.f., 1993})
(economy_imports_commodities#martinique#petroleum products, crude oil, foodstuffs, construction materials, vehicles, clothing and other consumer goods)
(economy_imports_partners#martinique#France 62%, UK, Italy, Germany, Japan, US {1991})
(economy_external_debt#martinique#$180 million {1994})
(economy_economic_aid_recipient#martinique#ODA, $NA)
(economy_economic_aid_note#martinique#French aid $600 million {1989-93}; EU aid $137 million)
(economy_currency#martinique#1 French franc {F} = 100 centimes)
(economy_exchange_rates#martinique#French francs {F} per US$1 - 5.0056 {January 1996}, 4.9915 {1995}, 5.5520 {1994}, 5.6632 {1993}, 5.2938 {1992}, 5.6421 {1991})
(economy_fiscal_year#martinique#calendar year)
(transportation_railways#martinique#0 km)
(transportation_highways_total#martinique#1,690 km)
(transportation_highways_paved#martinique#1,300 km)
(transportation_highways_unpaved#martinique#390 km)
(transportation_ports#martinique#Fort-de-France, La Trinite)
(transportation_merchant_marine#martinique#none)
(transportation_airports_total#martinique#2)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_over_3,047_m#martinique#1)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_914_to_1,523_m#martinique#1 {1995 est.})
(communications_telephones#martinique#159,000 {1990 est.})
(communications_telephone_system#martinique#domestic facilities are adequate)
(communications_telephone_system_domestic#martinique#NA)
(communications_telephone_system_international#martinique#microwave radio relay to Guadeloupe, Dominica, and Saint Lucia; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat {Atlantic Ocean})
(communications_radio_broadcast_stations#martinique#AM 1, FM 6, shortwave 0)
(communications_radios#martinique#74,000 {1992 est.})
(communications_television_broadcast_stations#martinique#10)
(communications_televisions#martinique#65,000 {1993 est.})
(defense_branches#martinique#French forces {Army, Navy, Air Force}, Gendarmerie)
(defense_defense_note#martinique#defense is the responsibility of France)
(geography_location#mauritania#Northern Africa, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean, between Senegal and Western Sahara)
(geography_geographic_coordinates#mauritania#20 00 N, 12 00 W)
(geography_map_references#mauritania#Africa)
(geography_area_total_area#mauritania#1,030,700 sq km)
(geography_area_land_area#mauritania#1,030,400 sq km)
(geography_area_comparative_area#mauritania#slightly larger than three times the size of New Mexico)
(geography_land_boundaries_total#mauritania#5,074 km)
(geography_land_boundaries_border_countries#mauritania#Algeria 463 km, Mali 2,237 km, Senegal 813 km, Western Sahara 1,561 km)
(geography_coastline#mauritania#754 km)
(geography_maritime_claims_contiguous_zone#mauritania#24 nm)
(geography_maritime_claims_continental_shelf#mauritania#200 nm or to the edge of the continental margin)
(geography_maritime_claims_exclusive_economic_zone#mauritania#200 nm)
(geography_maritime_claims_territorial_sea#mauritania#12 nm)
(geography_international_disputes#mauritania#boundary with Senegal in dispute)
(geography_climate#mauritania#desert; constantly hot, dry, dusty)
(geography_terrain#mauritania#mostly barren, flat plains of the Sahara; some central hills)
(geography_terrain_lowest_point#mauritania#Sebkha de Ndrhamcha -3 m)
(geography_terrain_highest_point#mauritania#Kediet Ijill 910 m)
(geography_natural_resources#mauritania#iron ore, gypsum, fish, copper, phosphate)
(geography_land_use_arable_land#mauritania#1%)
(geography_land_use_permanent_crops#mauritania#0%)
(geography_land_use_meadows_and_pastures#mauritania#38%)
(geography_land_use_forest_and_woodland#mauritania#5%)
(geography_land_use_other#mauritania#56%)
(geography_irrigated_land#mauritania#120 sq km {1989 est.})
(geography_environment_current_issues#mauritania#overgrazing, deforestation, and soil erosion aggravated by drought are contributing to desertification; very limited natural fresh water resources away from the Senegal which is the only perennial river)
(geography_environment_natural_hazards#mauritania#hot, dry, dust/sand-laden sirocco wind blows primarily in March and April; periodic droughts)
(geography_environment_international_agreements#mauritania#party to - Climate Change, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands; signed, but not ratified - Biodiversity, Desertification, Law of the Sea)
(geography_geographic_note#mauritania#most of the population concentrated along the Senegal River in the southern part of the country)
(people_population#mauritania#2,336,048 {July 1996 est.})
(people_age_structure_0-14_years#mauritania#48% {male 568,828; female 562,342})
(people_age_structure_15-64_years#mauritania#49% {male 560,540; female 592,914})
(people_age_structure_65_years_and_over#mauritania#3% {male 21,753; female 29,671} {July 1996 est.})
(people_population_growth_rate#mauritania#3.17% {1996 est.})
(people_birth_rate#mauritania#46.92 births/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_death_rate#mauritania#15.24 deaths/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_net_migration_rate#mauritania#0 migrant{s}/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_sex_ratio_at_birth#mauritania#1.04 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_under_15_years#mauritania#1.01 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_15-64_years#mauritania#0.94 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_65_years_and_over#mauritania#0.73 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_all_ages#mauritania#0.97 male{s}/female {1996 est.})
(people_infant_mortality_rate#mauritania#81.7 deaths/1,000 live births {1996 est.})
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_total_population#mauritania#49.01 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_male#mauritania#46.09 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_female#mauritania#52.06 years {1996 est.})
(people_total_fertility_rate#mauritania#6.84 children born/woman {1996 est.})
(people_nationality_noun#mauritania#Mauritanian{s})
(people_nationality_adjective#mauritania#Mauritanian)
(people_ethnic_divisions#mauritania#mixed Maur/black 40%, Maur 30%, black 30%)
(people_religions#mauritania#Muslim 100%)
(people_languages#mauritania#Hasaniya Arabic {official}, Pular, Soninke, Wolof {official})
(people_literacy#mauritania#age 15 and over can read and write {1995 est.})
(people_literacy_total_population#mauritania#37.7%)
(people_literacy_male#mauritania#49.6%)
(people_literacy_female#mauritania#26.3%)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_long_form#mauritania#Islamic Republic of Mauritania)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_short_form#mauritania#Mauritania)
(government_name_of_country_local_long_form#mauritania#Al Jumhuriyah al Islamiyah al Muritaniyah)
(government_name_of_country_local_short_form#mauritania#Muritaniyah)
(government_data_code#mauritania#MR)
(government_type_of_government#mauritania#republic)
(government_capital#mauritania#Nouakchott)
(government_administrative_divisions#mauritania#12 regions {regions, singular - region}; Adrar, Assaba, Brakna, Dakhlet Nouadhibou, Gorgol, Guidimaka, Hodh ech Chargui, Hodh el Gharbi, Inchiri, Tagant, Tiris Zemmour, Trarza)
(government_administrative_divisions_note#mauritania#there may be a new capital district of Nouakchott)
(government_independence#mauritania#28 November 1960 {from France})
(government_national_holiday#mauritania#Independence Day, 28 November {1960})
(government_constitution#mauritania#12 July 1991)
(government_legal_system#mauritania#three-tier system: Islamic {Shari'a} courts, special courts, and state security courts {in the process of being eliminated})
(government_suffrage#mauritania#18 years of age; universal)
(government_executive_branch_chief_of_state#mauritania#President Col. Maaouya Ould Sid Ahmed TAYA {since 12 December 1984} was reelected for a six-year term by universal suffrage; election last held 17 January 1992 {next to be held NA January 1998}; results - President Col. Maaouya Ould Sid Ahmed TAYA was reelected)
(government_executive_branch_head_of_government#mauritania#Prime Minister Cheikh El Afia Ould Mohamed KHOUNA {since NA January 1996} was appointed by the president)
(government_executive_branch_cabinet#mauritania#Council of Ministers)
(government_legislative_branch#mauritania#bicameral legislature)
(government_senate_{majlis_al-shuyukh}#mauritania#elections last held 15 April 1994 {next to be held 12 April 1996}; results - percent of vote by party NA; seats {56 total, with 17 up for election every two years} PRDS 16, UFD/NE 1)
(government_national_assembly_{majlis_al-watani}#mauritania#elections last held 6 and 13 March 1992 {next to be held NA March 1997}; results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - {79 total} UFD/NE 67, PMR 1, RDU 1, independents 10)
(government_judicial_branch#mauritania#Supreme Court {Cour Supreme})
(government_political_parties_and_leaders#mauritania#legalized by constitution passed 12 July 1991, however, politics continue to be tribally based; emerging parties include Democratic and Social Republican Party {PRDS}, led by President Col. Maaouya Ould Sid'Ahmed TAYA; Union of Democratic Forces-New Era {UFD/NE}, headed by Ahmed Ould DADDAH; Assembly for Democracy and Unity {RDU}, Ahmed Ould SIDI BABA; Popular Social and Democratic Union {UPSD}, Mohamed Mahmoud Ould MAH; Mauritanian Party for Renewal {PMR}, Hameida BOUCHRAYA; National Avant-Garde Party {PAN}, Khattry Ould JIDDOU; Mauritanian Party of the Democratic Center {PCDM}, Bamba Ould SIDI BADI)
(government_other_political_or_pressure_groups#mauritania#Mauritanian Workers Union {UTM})
(government_international_organization_participation#mauritania#ABEDA, ACCT {associate}, ACP, AfDB, AFESD, AL, AMF, AMU, CAEU, CCC, ECA, ECOWAS, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, ITU, NAM, OAU, OIC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_chief_of_mission#mauritania#Ambassador Ismail Ould IYAHI)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_chancery#mauritania#2129 Leroy Place NW, Washington, DC 20008)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_telephone#mauritania#[1] {202} 232-5700)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_chief_of_mission#mauritania#Ambassador Dorothy Myers SAMPAS)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_embassy#mauritania#address NA, Nouakchott)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_mailing_address#mauritania#B. P. 222, Nouakchott)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_telephone#mauritania#[222] {2} 526-60, 526-63)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_fax#mauritania#[222] {2} 515-92)
(government_flag#mauritania#green with a yellow five-pointed star above a yellow, horizontal crescent; the closed side of the crescent is down; the crescent, star, and color green are traditional symbols of Islam)
(economy_economic_overview#mauritania#A majority of the population still depends on agriculture and livestock for a livelihood, even though most of the nomads and many subsistence farmers were forced into the cities by recurrent droughts in the 1970s and 1980s. Mauritania has extensive deposits of iron ore, which account for almost 50% of total exports. The decline in world demand for this ore, however, has led to cutbacks in production. The nation's coastal waters are among the richest fishing areas in the world, but overexploitation by foreigners threatens this key source of revenue. The country's first deepwater port opened near Nouakchott in 1986. In recent years, drought and economic mismanagement have resulted in a substantial buildup of foreign debt. The government has begun the second stage of an economic reform program in consultation with the World Bank, the IMF, and major donor countries. Short-term growth prospects are gloomy because of the heavy debt service burden, rapid population growth, and vulnerability to climatic conditions.)
(economy_gdp#mauritania#purchasing power parity - $2.8 billion {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_real_growth_rate#mauritania#4% {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_per_capita#mauritania#$1,200 {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_agriculture#mauritania#27.1%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_industry#mauritania#29.5%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_services#mauritania#43.4% {1993 est.})
(economy_inflation_rate_{consumer_prices}#mauritania#3.5% {1995 est.})
(economy_labor_force#mauritania#465,000 {1981 est.}; 45,000 wage earners {1980})
(economy_labor_force_by_occupation#mauritania#agriculture 47%, services 29%, industry and commerce 14%, government 10%)
(economy_unemployment_rate#mauritania#20% {1991 est.})
(economy_budget_revenues#mauritania#$254 million)
(economy_budget_expenditures#mauritania#$280 million, including capital expenditures of $94 million {1994 est.})
(economy_industries#mauritania#fish processing, mining of iron ore and gypsum)
(economy_industrial_production_growth_rate#mauritania#NA%)
(economy_electricity_capacity#mauritania#110,000 kW)
(economy_electricity_production#mauritania#135 million kWh)
(economy_electricity_consumption_per_capita#mauritania#61 kWh {1993})
(economy_agriculture#mauritania#dates, millet, sorghum, root crops; cattle, sheep; fish products)
(economy_exports#mauritania#$390 million {f.o.b., 1994 est.})
(economy_exports_commodities#mauritania#iron ore, fish and fish products)
(economy_exports_partners#mauritania#Japan 27%, Italy, Belgium, Luxembourg)
(economy_imports#mauritania#$355 million {c.i.f., 1994 est.})
(economy_imports_commodities#mauritania#foodstuffs, consumer goods, petroleum products, capital goods)
(economy_imports_partners#mauritania#Algeria 15%, China 6%, US 3%, France, Germany, Spain, Italy)
(economy_external_debt#mauritania#$1.9 billion {1992 est.})
(economy_economic_aid_recipient#mauritania#ODA, $NA)
(economy_currency#mauritania#1 ouguiya {UM} = 5 khoums)
(economy_exchange_rates#mauritania#ouguiyas {UM} per US$1 - 135.690 {January 1996}, 129.768 {1995}, 123.575 {1994}, 120.806 {1993}, 87.027 {1992}, 81.946 {1991})
(economy_fiscal_year#mauritania#calendar year)
(transportation_railways_total#mauritania#704 km {single track}; note - owned and operated by government mining company)
(transportation_railways_standard_gauge#mauritania#704 km 1.435-m gauge {1995})
(transportation_highways_total#mauritania#7,496 km)
(transportation_highways_paved#mauritania#1,342 km)
(transportation_highways_unpaved#mauritania#6,154 km {1987 est.})
(transportation_waterways#mauritania#mostly ferry traffic on the Senegal River)
(transportation_ports#mauritania#Bogue, Kaedi, Nouadhibou, Nouakchott, Rosso)
(transportation_merchant_marine#mauritania#none)
(transportation_airports_total#mauritania#24)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_2,438_to_3,047_m#mauritania#3)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_1,524_to_2,437_m#mauritania#4)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_914_to_1,523_m#mauritania#1)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_under_914_m#mauritania#2)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_2,438_to_3,047_m#mauritania#1)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_1,524_to_2,437_m#mauritania#4)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_914_to_1,523_m#mauritania#9 {1995 est.})
(communications_telephones#mauritania#17,000 {1991 est.})
(communications_telephone_system#mauritania#poor system of cable and open-wire lines, minor microwave radio relay links, and radiotelephone communications stations {improvements being made})
(communications_telephone_system_domestic#mauritania#mostly cable and open-wire lines)
(communications_telephone_system_international#mauritania#satellite earth stations - 1 Intelsat {Atlantic Ocean} and 2 Arabsat)
(communications_radio_broadcast_stations#mauritania#AM 2, FM 0, shortwave 0)
(communications_radios#mauritania#300,000 {1993 est.})
(communications_television_broadcast_stations#mauritania#1 {1987 est.})
(communications_televisions#mauritania#50,000 {1992 est.})
(defense_branches#mauritania#Army, Navy, Air Force, National Gendarmerie, National Guard, National Police, Presidential Guard)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_age_15-49#mauritania#500,754)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_fit_for_military_service#mauritania#244,546 {1996 est.})
(defense_defense_expenditures#mauritania#exchange rate conversion - $33 million, 2.5% of GDP {1995})
(geography_location#mauritius#Southern Africa, island in the Indian Ocean, east of Madagascar)
(geography_geographic_coordinates#mauritius#20 17 S, 57 33 E)
(geography_map_references#mauritius#World)
(geography_area_total_area#mauritius#1,860 sq km)
(geography_area_land_area#mauritius#1,850 sq km)
(geography_area_comparative_area#mauritius#almost 11 times the size of Washington, DC)
(geography_area_note#mauritius#includes Agalega Islands, Cargados Carajos Shoals {Saint Brandon}, and Rodrigues)
(geography_land_boundaries#mauritius#0 km)
(geography_coastline#mauritius#177 km)
(geography_maritime_claims_continental_shelf#mauritius#200 nm or to the edge of the continental margin)
(geography_maritime_claims_exclusive_economic_zone#mauritius#200 nm)
(geography_maritime_claims_territorial_sea#mauritius#12 nm)
(geography_international_disputes#mauritius#claims the island of Diego Garcia in UK-administered British Indian Ocean Territory; claims French-administered Tromelin Island)
(geography_climate#mauritius#tropical, modified by southeast trade winds; warm, dry winter {May to November}; hot, wet, humid summer {November to May})
(geography_terrain#mauritius#small coastal plain rising to discontinuous mountains encircling central plateau)
(geography_terrain_lowest_point#mauritius#Indian Ocean 0 m)
(geography_terrain_highest_point#mauritius#Piton de la Petite Riviere Noire 828 m)
(geography_natural_resources#mauritius#arable land, fish)
(geography_land_use_arable_land#mauritius#54%)
(geography_land_use_permanent_crops#mauritius#4%)
(geography_land_use_meadows_and_pastures#mauritius#4%)
(geography_land_use_forest_and_woodland#mauritius#31%)
(geography_land_use_other#mauritius#7%)
(geography_irrigated_land#mauritius#170 sq km {1989 est.})
(geography_environment_current_issues#mauritius#water pollution)
(geography_environment_natural_hazards#mauritius#cyclones {November to April}; almost completely surrounded by reefs that may pose maritime hazards)
(geography_environment_international_agreements#mauritius#party to - Biodiversity, Climate Change, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Life Conservation, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Whaling; signed, but not ratified - Desertification)
(people_population#mauritius#1,140,256 {July 1996 est.})
(people_age_structure_0-14_years#mauritius#27% {male 157,174; female 152,980})
(people_age_structure_15-64_years#mauritius#67% {male 379,840; female 383,295})
(people_age_structure_65_years_and_over#mauritius#6% {male 27,429; female 39,538} {July 1996 est.})
(people_population_growth_rate#mauritius#1.23% {1996 est.})
(people_birth_rate#mauritius#18.97 births/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_death_rate#mauritius#6.67 deaths/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_net_migration_rate#mauritius#0 migrant{s}/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_sex_ratio_at_birth#mauritius#1 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_under_15_years#mauritius#1.03 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_15-64_years#mauritius#0.99 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_65_years_and_over#mauritius#0.69 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_all_ages#mauritius#0.98 male{s}/female {1996 est.})
(people_infant_mortality_rate#mauritius#17.2 deaths/1,000 live births {1996 est.})
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_total_population#mauritius#70.53 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_male#mauritius#66.72 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_female#mauritius#74.33 years {1996 est.})
(people_total_fertility_rate#mauritius#2.24 children born/woman {1996 est.})
(people_nationality_noun#mauritius#Mauritian{s})
(people_nationality_adjective#mauritius#Mauritian)
(people_ethnic_divisions#mauritius#Indo-Mauritian 68%, Creole 27%, Sino-Mauritian 3%, Franco-Mauritian 2%)
(people_religions#mauritius#Hindu 52%, Christian 28.3% {Roman Catholic 26%, Protestant 2.3%}, Muslim 16.6%, other 3.1%)
(people_languages#mauritius#English {official}, Creole, French, Hindi, Urdu, Hakka, Bojpoori)
(people_literacy#mauritius#age 15 and over can read and write {1995 est.})
(people_literacy_total_population#mauritius#82.9%)
(people_literacy_male#mauritius#87.1%)
(people_literacy_female#mauritius#78.8%)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_long_form#mauritius#Republic of Mauritius)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_short_form#mauritius#Mauritius)
(government_data_code#mauritius#MP)
(government_type_of_government#mauritius#parliamentary democracy)
(government_capital#mauritius#Port Louis)
(government_administrative_divisions#mauritius#9 districts and 3 dependencies*; Agalega Islands*, Black River, Cargados Carajos*, Flacq, Grand Port, Moka, Pamplemousses, Plaines Wilhems, Port Louis, Riviere du Rempart, Rodrigues*, Savanne)
(government_independence#mauritius#12 March 1968 {from UK})
(government_national_holiday#mauritius#Independence Day, 12 March {1968})
(government_constitution#mauritius#12 March 1968; amended 12 March 1992)
(government_legal_system#mauritius#based on French civil law system with elements of English common law in certain areas)
(government_suffrage#mauritius#18 years of age; universal)
(government_executive_branch_chief_of_state#mauritius#President Cassam UTEEM {since 1 July 1992} and Vice President Rabindranath GHURBURRON {since 1 July 1992} were elected for five-year terms by the National Assembly)
(government_executive_branch_head_of_government#mauritius#Prime Minister Navin RAMGOOLAM {since 27 December 1995} and Deputy Prime Minister Paul BERENGER {since 27 December 1995} were appointed by the president and are responsible to the National Assembly)
(government_executive_branch_cabinet#mauritius#Council of Ministers was appointed by the president on recommendation of the prime minister)
(government_legislative_branch#mauritius#unicameral)
(government_legislative_assembly#mauritius#elections last held on 20 December 1995 {next to be held by December 2000}; results - MMM/MLP 65%, MSM/RMM 20%, other 15%; seats - {66 total; 62 elected, 4 appointed} MLP 35, MMM 25, allies of MLP and MMM on Rodrigues Island 2; appointed were Rodrigues Movement 2, Gaetan Duval Party 1, Hizballah 1)
(government_judicial_branch#mauritius#Supreme Court)
(government_political_parties_and_leaders_government_coalition#mauritius#MLP/MMM alliance - Mauritian Labor Party {MLP}, Navin RAMGOOLAM; Mauritian Militant Movement {MMM}, Paul BERENGER)
(government_political_parties_and_leaders_opposition#mauritius#Organization of the People of Rodrigues {OPR}, Louis Serge CLAIR; Rodrigues Movement, Nicolas VONMALLY; Gaetan Duval Party, Gaetan DUVAL; Hizbullah, Imam Mustapha BEEHARRY; Militant Socialist Movement {MSM}; Mauritian Militant Resurgence {MMR})
(government_other_political_or_pressure_groups#mauritius#various labor unions)
(government_international_organization_participation#mauritius#ACCT, ACP, AfDB, C, CCC, ECA, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Inmarsat, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, ISO {correspondent}, ITU, NAM, OAU, PCA, SADC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_chief_of_mission#mauritius#Ambassador Anund Priyay NEEWOOR)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_chancery#mauritius#Suite 441, 4301 Connecticut Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_telephone#mauritius#[1] {202} 244-1491, 1492)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_fax#mauritius#[1] {202} 966-0983)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_chief_of_mission#mauritius#Ambassador Leslie M. ALEXANDER)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_embassy#mauritius#4th Floor, Rogers House, John Kennedy Street, Port Louis)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_mailing_address#mauritius#use embassy street address)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_telephone#mauritius#[230] 208-2347, 208-2354, 208-9763 through 9767)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_fax#mauritius#[230] 208-9534)
(government_flag#mauritius#four equal horizontal bands of red {top}, blue, yellow, and green)
(economy_economic_overview#mauritius#Since independence in 1968, Mauritius has developed from a low income, agriculturally based economy to middle income diversified economy with growing industrial and tourist sectors. For most of the period, annual growth has been of the order of 5% to 6%. This remarkable achievement has been reflected in increased life expectancy, lowered infant mortality, and a much improved infrastructure. Sugarcane is grown on about 90% of the cultivated land area and accounts for 40% of export earnings. The government's development strategy centers on industrialization {with a view to modernization and to exports}, agricultural diversification, and tourism. Economic performance in 1991-93 continued strong with solid real growth and low unemployment.)
(economy_gdp#mauritius#purchasing power parity - $10.9 billion {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_real_growth_rate#mauritius#2.7% {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_per_capita#mauritius#$9,600 {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_agriculture#mauritius#NA%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_industry#mauritius#NA%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_services#mauritius#NA%)
(economy_inflation_rate_{consumer_prices}#mauritius#9.4% {1993 est.})
(economy_labor_force#mauritius#335,000)
(economy_labor_force_by_occupation#mauritius#government services 29%, agriculture and fishing 27%, manufacturing 22%, other 22%)
(economy_unemployment_rate#mauritius#2.4% {1991 est.})
(economy_budget_revenues#mauritius#$653 million)
(economy_budget_expenditures#mauritius#$567 million, including capital expenditures of $143 million {FY92/93 est.})
(economy_industries#mauritius#food processing {largely sugar milling}, textiles, wearing apparel, chemicals, metal products, transport equipment, nonelectrical machinery, tourism)
(economy_industrial_production_growth_rate#mauritius#5.8% {1992})
(economy_electricity_capacity#mauritius#340,000 kW)
(economy_electricity_production#mauritius#920 million kWh)
(economy_electricity_consumption_per_capita#mauritius#777 kWh {1993})
(economy_agriculture#mauritius#sugarcane, tea, corn, potatoes, bananas, pulses; cattle, goats; fish)
(economy_illicit_drugs#mauritius#illicit producer of cannabis for the international drug trade; heroin consumption and transshipment are growing problems)
(economy_exports#mauritius#$1.3 billion {f.o.b., 1994})
(economy_exports_commodities#mauritius#textiles 44%, sugar 40%, light manufactures 10%)
(economy_exports_partners#mauritius#EU and US have preferential treatment, EU 77%, US 15%)
(economy_imports#mauritius#$1.9 billion {f.o.b., 1994})
(economy_imports_commodities#mauritius#manufactured goods 50%, capital equipment 17%, foodstuffs 13%, petroleum products 8%, chemicals 7%)
(economy_imports_partners#mauritius#EU, US, South Africa, Japan)
(economy_external_debt#mauritius#$996.8 million {1993 est.})
(economy_economic_aid_recipient#mauritius#ODA, $NA)
(economy_currency#mauritius#1 Mauritian rupee {MauR} = 100 cents)
(economy_exchange_rates#mauritius#Mauritian rupees {MauRs} per US$1 - 17.842 {January 1996}, 17.386 {1995}, 17.960 {1994}, 17.648 {1993}, 15.563 {1992}, 15.652 {1991})
(economy_fiscal_year#mauritius#1 July - 30 June)
(transportation_railways#mauritius#0 km)
(transportation_highways_total#mauritius#1,831 km)
(transportation_highways_paved#mauritius#1,703 km {including 29 km of expressways})
(transportation_highways_unpaved#mauritius#128 km {1991 est.})
(transportation_ports#mauritius#Port Louis)
(transportation_merchant_marine_total#mauritius#17 ships {1,000 GRT or over} totaling 221,446 GRT/308,478 DWT)
(transportation_merchant_marine_ships_by_type#mauritius#bulk 1, cargo 9, container 4, liquefied gas tanker 1, oil tanker 1, passenger-cargo 1 {1995 est.})
(transportation_airports_total#mauritius#4)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_2,438_to_3,047_m#mauritius#1)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_914_to_1,523_m#mauritius#1)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_under_914_m#mauritius#2 {1995 est.})
(communications_telephones#mauritius#65,000 {1985 est.})
(communications_telephone_system#mauritius#small system with good service)
(communications_telephone_system_domestic#mauritius#primarily microwave radio relay)
(communications_telephone_system_international#mauritius#satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat {Indian Ocean}; new microwave link to Reunion; HF radiotelephone links to several countries)
(communications_radio_broadcast_stations#mauritius#AM 2, FM 0, shortwave 0)
(communications_radios#mauritius#395,000 {1992 est.})
(communications_television_broadcast_stations#mauritius#4 {1987 est.})
(communications_televisions#mauritius#151,096 {1991 est.})
(defense_branches#mauritius#National Police Force {includes the paramilitary Special Mobile Force or SMF, Special Support Units or SSU, and National Coast Guard})
(defense_manpower_availability_males_age_15-49#mauritius#327,403)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_fit_for_military_service#mauritius#166,466 {1996 est.})
(defense_defense_expenditures#mauritius#exchange rate conversion - $11.2 million, 0.4% of GDP {FY92/93})
(header_affiliation#mayotte#{territorial collectivity of France})
(geography_location#mayotte#Southern Africa, island in the Mozambique Channel, about one-half of the way from northern Madagascar to northern Mozambique)
(geography_geographic_coordinates#mayotte#12 50 S, 45 10 E)
(geography_map_references#mayotte#Africa)
(geography_area_total_area#mayotte#375 sq km)
(geography_area_land_area#mayotte#375 sq km)
(geography_area_comparative_area#mayotte#slightly more than twice the size of Washington, DC)
(geography_land_boundaries#mayotte#0 km)
(geography_coastline#mayotte#185.2 km)
(geography_maritime_claims_exclusive_economic_zone#mayotte#200 nm)
(geography_maritime_claims_territorial_sea#mayotte#12 nm)
(geography_international_disputes#mayotte#claimed by Comoros)
(geography_climate#mayotte#tropical; marine; hot, humid, rainy season during northeastern monsoon {November to May}; dry season is cooler {May to November})
(geography_terrain#mayotte#generally undulating, with deep ravines and ancient volcanic peaks)
(geography_terrain_lowest_point#mayotte#Indian Ocean 0 m)
(geography_terrain_highest_point#mayotte#Benara 660 m)
(geography_natural_resources#mayotte#NEGL)
(geography_land_use_arable_land#mayotte#NA%)
(geography_land_use_permanent_crops#mayotte#NA%)
(geography_land_use_meadows_and_pastures#mayotte#NA%)
(geography_land_use_forest_and_woodland#mayotte#NA%)
(geography_land_use_other#mayotte#NA%)
(geography_irrigated_land#mayotte#NA sq km)
(geography_environment_current_issues#mayotte#NA)
(geography_environment_natural_hazards#mayotte#cyclones during rainy season)
(geography_environment_international_agreements#mayotte#NA)
(geography_geographic_note#mayotte#part of Comoro Archipelago)
(people_population#mayotte#100,838 {July 1996 est.})
(people_age_structure_0-14_years#mayotte#50% {male 25,099; female 24,881})
(people_age_structure_15-64_years#mayotte#48% {male 24,790; female 23,727})
(people_age_structure_65_years_and_over#mayotte#2% {male 1,152; female 1,189} {July 1996 est.})
(people_population_growth_rate#mayotte#3.78% {1996 est.})
(people_birth_rate#mayotte#47.93 births/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_death_rate#mayotte#10.12 deaths/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_net_migration_rate#mayotte#0 migrant{s}/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_sex_ratio_at_birth#mayotte#1.03 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_under_15_years#mayotte#1.01 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_15-64_years#mayotte#1.04 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_65_years_and_over#mayotte#0.97 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_all_ages#mayotte#1.02 male{s}/female {1996 est.})
(people_infant_mortality_rate#mayotte#75.3 deaths/1,000 live births {1996 est.})
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_total_population#mayotte#58.7 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_male#mayotte#56.43 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_female#mayotte#61.05 years {1996 est.})
(people_total_fertility_rate#mayotte#6.63 children born/woman {1996 est.})
(people_nationality_noun#mayotte#Mahorais {singular and plural})
(people_nationality_adjective#mayotte#Mahoran)
(people_ethnic_divisions#mayotte#NA)
(people_religions#mayotte#Muslim 99%, Christian {mostly Roman Catholic})
(people_languages#mayotte#Mahorian {a Swahili dialect}, French)
(people_literacy#mayotte#NA)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_long_form#mayotte#Territorial Collectivity of Mayotte)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_short_form#mayotte#Mayotte)
(government_data_code#mayotte#MF)
(government_type_of_government#mayotte#territorial collectivity of France)
(government_capital#mayotte#Mamoutzou)
(government_administrative_divisions#mayotte#none {territorial collectivity of France})
(government_independence#mayotte#none {territorial collectivity of France})
(government_national_holiday#mayotte#National Day, Taking of the Bastille, 14 July {1789})
(government_constitution#mayotte#28 September 1958 {French Constitution})
(government_legal_system#mayotte#French law)
(government_suffrage#mayotte#18 years of age; universal)
(government_executive_branch_chief_of_state#mayotte#President {of France} Jacques CHIRAC {since 17 May 1995} represented by Prefect Alain WEIL {since NA}, who was appointed by the French Ministry of the Interior)
(government_executive_branch_head_of_government#mayotte#President of the General Council Younoussa BAMANA {since NA 1976})
(government_legislative_branch#mayotte#unicameral)
(government_general_council_{conseil_general}#mayotte#elections last held NA March 1994 {next to be held NA}; results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - {19 total} MPM 12, RPR 4, independents 3)
(government_french_senate#mayotte#elections last held 24 September 1995 {next to be held 24 September 2001}; results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - {1 total} MPM 1)
(government_french_national_assembly#mayotte#elections last held 21 and 28 March 1993 {next to be held NA 1998}; results - UDF-CDS 54.3%, RPR 44.3%; seats - {1 total} UDF-CDS 1)
(government_judicial_branch#mayotte#Supreme Court {Tribunal Superieur d'Appel})
(government_political_parties_and_leaders#mayotte#Mahoran Popular Movement {MPM}, Younoussa BAMANA; Party for the Mahoran Democratic Rally {PRDM}, Daroueche MAOULIDA; Mahoran Rally for the Republic {RPR}, Mansour KAMARDINE; Union for French Democracy {UDF}, Maoulida AHMED; Center of Social Democrats {CDS})
(government_international_organization_participation#mayotte#FZ)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us#mayotte#none {territorial collectivity of France})
(government_us_diplomatic_representation#mayotte#none {territorial collectivity of France})
(government_flag#mayotte#the flag of France is used)
(economy_economic_overview#mayotte#Economic activity is based primarily on the agricultural sector, including fishing and livestock raising. Mayotte is not self-sufficient and must import a large portion of its food requirements, mainly from France. The economy and future development of the island are heavily dependent on French financial assistance. Mayotte's remote location is an obstacle to the development of tourism.)
(economy_gdp#mayotte#purchasing power parity - $54 million {1993 est.})
(economy_gdp_real_growth_rate#mayotte#NA%)
(economy_gdp_per_capita#mayotte#$600 {1993 est.})
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_agriculture#mayotte#NA%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_industry#mayotte#NA%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_services#mayotte#NA%)
(economy_inflation_rate_{consumer_prices}#mayotte#NA%)
(economy_labor_force#mayotte#NA)
(economy_unemployment_rate#mayotte#NA%)
(economy_budget_revenues#mayotte#$NA)
(economy_budget_expenditures#mayotte#$37.3 million, including capital expenditures of $NA {1985 est.})
(economy_industries#mayotte#newly created lobster and shrimp industry)
(economy_industrial_production_growth_rate#mayotte#NA%)
(economy_electricity_capacity#mayotte#NA kW)
(economy_electricity_production#mayotte#NA kWh)
(economy_electricity_consumption_per_capita#mayotte#NA kWh)
(economy_agriculture#mayotte#vanilla, ylang-ylang, coffee, copra)
(economy_exports#mayotte#$2.9 million {f.o.b., 1992})
(economy_exports_commodities#mayotte#ylang-ylang {perfume essence}, vanilla, copra)
(economy_exports_partners#mayotte#France 80%, Comoros 15%, Reunion)
(economy_imports#mayotte#$87.5 million {f.o.b., 1992})
(economy_imports_commodities#mayotte#building materials, transportation equipment, rice, clothing, flour)
(economy_imports_partners#mayotte#France 63%, South Africa 11%, Thailand 9%, Singapore)
(economy_external_debt#mayotte#$NA)
(economy_economic_aid_recipient#mayotte#ODA, $NA)
(economy_currency#mayotte#1 French franc {F} = 100 centimes)
(economy_exchange_rates#mayotte#French francs {F} per US$1 - 5.0056 {January 1996}, 4.9915 {1995}, 5.5520 {1994}, 5.6632 {1993}, 5.2938 {1992}, 5.6421 {1991})
(economy_fiscal_year#mayotte#calendar year)
(transportation_railways#mayotte#0 km)
(transportation_highways_total#mayotte#93 km)
(transportation_highways_paved#mayotte#72 km)
(transportation_highways_unpaved#mayotte#21 km)
(transportation_ports#mayotte#Dzaoudzi)
(transportation_merchant_marine#mayotte#none)
(transportation_airports_total#mayotte#1)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_914_to_1,523_m#mayotte#1 {1995 est.})
(communications_telephones#mayotte#450)
(communications_telephone_system#mayotte#small system administered by French Department of Posts and Telecommunications)
(communications_telephone_system_domestic#mayotte#NA)
(communications_telephone_system_international#mayotte#microwave radio relay and HF radiotelephone communications to Comoros and other international connections)
(communications_radio_broadcast_stations#mayotte#AM 1, FM 0, shortwave 0)
(communications_radios#mayotte#30,000 {1994 est.})
(communications_television_broadcast_stations#mayotte#0)
(communications_televisions#mayotte#3,500 {1994 est.})
(defense_defense_note#mayotte#defense is the responsibility of France)
(geography_location#mexico#Middle America, bordering the Caribbean Sea and the Gulf of Mexico, between Belize and the US and bordering the North Pacific Ocean, between Guatemala and the US)
(geography_geographic_coordinates#mexico#23 00 N, 102 00 W)
(geography_map_references#mexico#North America)
(geography_area_total_area#mexico#1,972,550 sq km)
(geography_area_land_area#mexico#1,923,040 sq km)
(geography_area_comparative_area#mexico#slightly less than three times the size of Texas)
(geography_land_boundaries_total#mexico#4,538 km)
(geography_land_boundaries_border_countries#mexico#Belize 250 km, Guatemala 962 km, US 3,326 km)
(geography_coastline#mexico#9,330 km)
(geography_maritime_claims_contiguous_zone#mexico#24 nm)
(geography_maritime_claims_continental_shelf#mexico#200 nm or to the edge of the continental margin)
(geography_maritime_claims_exclusive_economic_zone#mexico#200 nm)
(geography_maritime_claims_territorial_sea#mexico#12 nm)
(geography_international_disputes#mexico#claims Clipperton Island {French possession})
(geography_climate#mexico#varies from tropical to desert)
(geography_terrain#mexico#high, rugged mountains, low coastal plains, high plateaus, and desert)
(geography_terrain_lowest_point#mexico#Laguna Salada -10 m)
(geography_terrain_highest_point#mexico#Volcan Pico de Orizaba 5,700 m)
(geography_natural_resources#mexico#petroleum, silver, copper, gold, lead, zinc, natural gas, timber)
(geography_land_use_arable_land#mexico#12%)
(geography_land_use_permanent_crops#mexico#1%)
(geography_land_use_meadows_and_pastures#mexico#39%)
(geography_land_use_forest_and_woodland#mexico#24%)
(geography_land_use_other#mexico#24%)
(geography_irrigated_land#mexico#51,500 sq km {1989 est.})
(geography_environment_current_issues#mexico#natural fresh water resources scarce and polluted in north, inaccessible and poor quality in center and extreme southeast; raw sewage and industrial effluents polluting rivers in urban areas; deforestation; widespread erosion; desertification; serious air pollution in the national capital and urban centers along US-Mexico border)
(geography_environment_natural_hazards#mexico#tsunamis along the Pacific coast, destructive earthquakes in the center and south, and hurricanes on the Gulf and Caribbean coasts)
(geography_environment_international_agreements#mexico#party to - Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands, Whaling)
(geography_geographic_note#mexico#strategic location on southern border of US)
(people_population#mexico#95,772,462 {July 1996 est.})
(people_age_structure_0-14_years#mexico#36% {male 17,732,725; female 17,125,562})
(people_age_structure_15-64_years#mexico#59% {male 27,562,285; female 29,165,138})
(people_age_structure_65_years_and_over#mexico#5% {male 1,911,968; female 2,274,784} {July 1996 est.})
(people_population_growth_rate#mexico#1.87% {1996 est.})
(people_birth_rate#mexico#26.24 births/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_death_rate#mexico#4.58 deaths/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_net_migration_rate#mexico#-2.97 migrant{s}/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_sex_ratio_at_birth#mexico#1.05 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_under_15_years#mexico#1.04 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_15-64_years#mexico#0.94 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_65_years_and_over#mexico#0.84 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_all_ages#mexico#0.97 male{s}/female {1996 est.})
(people_infant_mortality_rate#mexico#25 deaths/1,000 live births {1996 est.})
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_total_population#mexico#73.67 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_male#mexico#70.07 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_female#mexico#77.45 years {1996 est.})
(people_total_fertility_rate#mexico#3.03 children born/woman {1996 est.})
(people_nationality_noun#mexico#Mexican{s})
(people_nationality_adjective#mexico#Mexican)
(people_ethnic_divisions#mexico#mestizo {Indian-Spanish} 60%, Amerindian or predominantly Amerindian 30%, Caucasian or predominantly Caucasian 9%, other 1%)
(people_religions#mexico#nominally Roman Catholic 89%, Protestant 6%)
(people_languages#mexico#Spanish, various Mayan dialects)
(people_literacy#mexico#age 15 and over can read and write {1995 est.})
(people_literacy_total_population#mexico#89.6%)
(people_literacy_male#mexico#91.8%)
(people_literacy_female#mexico#87.4%)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_long_form#mexico#United Mexican States)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_short_form#mexico#Mexico)
(government_name_of_country_local_long_form#mexico#Estados Unidos Mexicanos)
(government_name_of_country_local_short_form#mexico#Mexico)
(government_data_code#mexico#MX)
(government_type_of_government#mexico#federal republic operating under a centralized government)
(government_capital#mexico#Mexico)
(government_administrative_divisions#mexico#31 states {estados, singular - estado} and 1 federal district* {distrito federal}; Aguascalientes, Baja California, Baja California Sur, Campeche, Chiapas, Chihuahua, Coahuila de Zaragoza, Colima, Distrito Federal*, Durango, Guanajuato, Guerrero, Hidalgo, Jalisco, Mexico, Michoacan de Ocampo, Morelos, Nayarit, Nuevo Leon, Oaxaca, Puebla, Queretaro de Arteaga, Quintana Roo, San Luis Potosi, Sinaloa, Sonora, Tabasco, Tamaulipas, Tlaxcala, Veracruz-Llave, Yucatan, Zacatecas)
(government_independence#mexico#16 September 1810 {from Spain})
(government_national_holiday#mexico#Independence Day, 16 September {1810})
(government_constitution#mexico#5 February 1917)
(government_legal_system#mexico#mixture of US constitutional theory and civil law system; judicial review of legislative acts; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations)
(government_suffrage#mexico#18 years of age; universal and compulsory {but not enforced})
(government_executive_branch_chief_of_state_and_head_of_government#mexico#President Ernesto ZEDILLO Ponce de Leon {since 1 December 1994} was elected for a six-year term by popular vote; election last held 21 August 1994 {next to be held NA 2000}; results - Ernesto ZEDILLO Ponce de Leon {PRI} 50.18%, Cuauhtemoc CARDENAS Solorzano {PRD} 17.08%, Diego FERNANDEZ DE CEVALLOS {PAN} 26.69%; other 6.049%)
(government_executive_branch_cabinet#mexico#Cabinet was appointed by the president)
(government_legislative_branch#mexico#bicameral National Congress {Congreso de la Union})
(government_senate_{camara_de_senadores}#mexico#elections last held 21 August 1994 {next to be held NA July 1997 for one-quarter of the seats}; results - percent of vote by party NA; seats in full Senate - {128 total; Senate expanded from 64 seats at the last election} PRI 93, PRD 25, PAN 10)
(government_chamber_of_deputies_{camara_de_diputados}#mexico#elections last held 24 August 1994 {next to be held NA July 1997}; results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - {500 total} PRI 300, PAN 119, PRD 71, PT 10)
(government_judicial_branch#mexico#Supreme Court of Justice {Corte Suprema de Justicia}, judges are appointed by the president with consent of the Senate)
(government_political_parties_and_leaders#mexico#{recognized parties} Institutional Revolutionary Party {PRI}, Santiago ONATE Laborde; National Action Party {PAN}, Carlos CASTILLO; Popular Socialist Party {PPS}, Indalecio SAYAGO Herrera; Democratic Revolutionary Party {PRD}, Porfirio MUNOZ Ledo; Cardenist Front for the National Reconstruction Party {PFCRN}, Rafael AGUILAR Talamantes; Democratic Forum Party {PFD}, Pablo Emilio MADERO; Mexican Green Ecologist Party {PVEM}, Jorge GONZALEZ Torres; Workers Party {PT}, Alberto ANYA Gutierrez)
(government_other_political_or_pressure_groups#mexico#Roman Catholic Church; Confederation of Mexican Workers {CTM}; Confederation of Industrial Chambers {CONCAMIN}; Confederation of National Chambers of Commerce {CONCANACO}; National Peasant Confederation {CNC}; Revolutionary Workers Party {PRT}; Revolutionary Confederation of Workers and Peasants {CROC}; Regional Confederation of Mexican Workers {CROM}; Confederation of Employers of the Mexican Republic {COPARMEX}; National Chamber of Transformation Industries {CANACINTRA}; Coordinator for Foreign Trade Business Organizations {COECE}; Federation of Unions Providing Goods and Services {FESEBES})
(government_international_organization_participation#mexico#AG {observer}, APEC, BCIE, Caricom {observer}, CCC, CDB, EBRD, ECLAC, FAO, G- 6, G-11, G-15, G-19, G-24, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Inmarsat, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, IOM {observer}, ISO, ITU, LAES, LAIA, NAM {observer}, OAS, OECD, OPANAL, PCA, RG, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNITAR, UNU, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_chief_of_mission#mexico#Ambassador Jesus SILVA Herzog Flores)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_chancery#mexico#1911 Pennsylvania Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20006)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_telephone#mexico#[1] {202} 728-1600)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_consulate{s}_general#mexico#Atlanta, Chicago, Dallas, Denver, El Paso, Houston, Los Angeles, Miami, New Orleans, New York, Phoenix, San Antonio, San Diego, San Francisco, San Juan {Puerto Rico})
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_consulate{s}#mexico#Albuquerque, Austin, Boston, Brownsville {Texas}, Calexico {California}, Corpus Christi, Del Rio {Texas}, Detroit, Eagle Pass {Texas}, Fresno {California}, Loredo, McAllen {Texas}, Midland {Texas}, Nogales {Arizona}, Oxnard {California}, Philadelphia, Sacramento, St. Louis, Salt Lake City, San Bernardino, San Jose, Santa Ana, Seattle)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_chief_of_mission#mexico#Ambassador James R. JONES)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_embassy#mexico#Paseo de la Reforma 305, Colonia Cuauhtemoc, 06500 Mexico, Distrito Federal)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_mailing_address#mexico#P. O. Box 3087, Laredo, TX 78044-3087)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_telephone#mexico#[52] {5} 211-0042)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_fax#mexico#[52] {5} 511-9980, 208-3373)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_consulate{s}_general#mexico#Ciudad Juarez, Guadalajara, Monterrey, Tijuana)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_consulate{s}#mexico#Hermosillo, Matamoros, Merida, Nuevo Laredo)
(government_flag#mexico#three equal vertical bands of green {hoist side}, white, and red; the coat of arms {an eagle perched on a cactus with a snake in its beak} is centered in the white band)
(economy_economic_overview#mexico#Mexico has a free market economy with a mixture of modern and outmoded industry and agriculture, increasingly dominated by the private sector. Mexico entered 1996 on the heels of its worst recession since the 1930s. Economic activity contracted about 7% in 1995 in the aftermath of the peso devaluation in late 1994. Although Mexico City was able to correct imbalances in its external accounts, meet international payments obligations, and dramatically improve its trade balance in 1995, the domestic economy suffered harshly as the ZEDILLO administration stuck to a strict austerity program. The tight monetary and fiscal policies helped prevent spiraling inflation and kept government spending under control but drove interest rates to record heights, making it difficult for most Mexicans to service their debts. At the same time, consumers' reduced purchasing power made buying even necessities difficult for some. Many small- and medium-sized firms were unable to survive under the twin burdens of high interest rates and depressed domestic demand for their goods. Business closures and cutbacks fueled unemployment; more than 1 million Mexicans lost their jobs. According to the government and most private sector observers, the recession bottomed out in the third quarter of 1995, but the difficult year fed growing dissatisfaction with the ruling party, led to a crisis of confidence in President ZEDILLO'S ability to lead, and spurred increased tensions within the ruling party. While the ZEDILLO administration is optimistic that 1996 will bring some recovery - the government is forecasting 3% growth and 21% inflation - Mexico will face several key vulnerabilities, including the financial health of the banking sector, shaky investor confidence that could be easily jarred by more political or economic shocks, and increasingly emboldened dissenters within the ruling party.)
(economy_gdp#mexico#purchasing power parity - $721.4 billion {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_real_growth_rate#mexico#-6.9% {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_per_capita#mexico#$7,700 {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_agriculture#mexico#8.5%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_industry#mexico#28.4%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_services#mexico#63.1%)
(economy_inflation_rate_{consumer_prices}#mexico#52% {1995 est.})
(economy_labor_force#mexico#33.6 million {1994})
(economy_labor_force_by_occupation#mexico#services 31.7%, agriculture, forestry, hunting, and fishing 28%, commerce 14.6%, manufacturing 11.1%, construction 8.4%, transportation 4.7%, mining and quarrying 1.5%)
(economy_unemployment_rate#mexico#10% {1995 est.} plus considerable underemployment)
(economy_budget_revenues#mexico#$56 billion {1995 est.})
(economy_budget_expenditures#mexico#$54 billion {1995 est.}, including capital expenditures of $NA)
(economy_industries#mexico#food and beverages, tobacco, chemicals, iron and steel, petroleum, mining, textiles, clothing, motor vehicles, consumer durables, tourism)
(economy_industrial_production_growth_rate#mexico#-7.5% {1995 est.})
(economy_electricity_capacity#mexico#28,780,000 kW)
(economy_electricity_production#mexico#122 billion kWh)
(economy_electricity_consumption_per_capita#mexico#1,239 kWh {1993})
(economy_agriculture#mexico#corn, wheat, soybeans, rice, beans, cotton, coffee, fruit, tomatoes; beef, poultry, dairy products; wood products)
(economy_illicit_drugs#mexico#illicit cultivation of opium poppy and cannabis continues in spite of increasing government eradication; major supplier of heroin and marijuana to the US market; continues as the primary transshipment country for US-bound cocaine from South America; increasingly involved in the production and distribution of methamphetamine)
(economy_exports#mexico#$80 billion {f.o.b., 1995 est.}, includes in-bond industries)
(economy_exports_commodities#mexico#crude oil, oil products, coffee, silver, engines, motor vehicles, cotton, consumer electronics)
(economy_exports_partners#mexico#US 85%, Japan 1.6%, EU 4.6% {1994 est.})
(economy_imports#mexico#$72 billion {f.o.b., 1995 est.}, includes in-bond industries)
(economy_imports_commodities#mexico#metal-working machines, steel mill products, agricultural machinery, electrical equipment, car parts for assembly, repair parts for motor vehicles, aircraft, and aircraft parts)
(economy_imports_partners#mexico#US 69%, Japan 6%, EU 12% {1994 est.})
(economy_external_debt#mexico#$155 billion {1995 est.})
(economy_economic_aid_recipient#mexico#ODA, $85 million {1993})
(economy_economic_aid_note#mexico#US commitments, {Emergency Stabilization Fund}, $13.5 billion; IMF, $13 billion {1995-96})
(economy_currency#mexico#1 New Mexican peso {Mex$} = 100 centavos)
(economy_exchange_rates#mexico#market rate of Mexican pesos {Mex$} per US$1 - 7.6647 {December 1995}, 6.4194 {1995}, 3.3751 {1994}, 3.1156 {1993}, 3,094.9 {1992}, 3,018.4 {1991})
(economy_exchange_rates_note#mexico#the new peso replaced the old peso on 1 January 1993; 1 new peso = 1,000 old pesos)
(economy_fiscal_year#mexico#calendar year)
(transportation_railways_total#mexico#20,567 km)
(transportation_railways_standard_gauge#mexico#20,477 km 1.435-m gauge {246 km electrified})
(transportation_railways_narrow_gauge#mexico#90 km 0.914-m gauge {1994})
(transportation_highways_total#mexico#245,433 km)
(transportation_highways_paved#mexico#88,601 km {including 4,286 km of expressways})
(transportation_highways_unpaved#mexico#156,832 km {1993 est.})
(transportation_waterways#mexico#2,900 km navigable rivers and coastal canals)
(transportation_pipelines#mexico#crude oil 28,200 km; petroleum products 10,150 km; natural gas 13,254 km; petrochemical 1,400 km)
(transportation_ports#mexico#Acapulco, Altamira, Coatzacoalcos, Ensenada, Guaymas, La Paz, Lazaro Cardenas, Manzanillo, Mazatlan, Progreso, Salina Cruz, Tampico, Topolobampo, Tuxpan, Veracruz)
(transportation_merchant_marine_total#mexico#51 ships {1,000 GRT or over} totaling 875,314 GRT/1,245,932 DWT)
(transportation_merchant_marine_ships_by_type#mexico#cargo 1, chemical tanker 4, container 4, liquefied gas tanker 7, oil tanker 29, refrigerated cargo 1, roll-on/roll-off cargo 2, short-sea passenger 3 {1995 est.})
(transportation_airports_total#mexico#1,411)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_over_3,047_m#mexico#9)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_2,438_to_3,047_m#mexico#25)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_1,524_to_2,437_m#mexico#88)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_914_to_1,523_m#mexico#66)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_under_914_m#mexico#815)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_1,524_to_2,437_m#mexico#50)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_914_to_1,523_m#mexico#358 {1995 est.})
(communications_telephones#mexico#11,890,868 {1993 est.})
(communications_telephone_system#mexico#highly developed system with extensive microwave radio relay links; privatized in December 1990)
(communications_telephone_system_domestic#mexico#adequate telephone service for business and government, but the population is poorly served; domestic satellite system with 120 earth stations; extensive microwave radio relay network)
(communications_telephone_system_international#mexico#satellite earth stations - 5 Intelsat {4 Atlantic Ocean and 1 Pacific Ocean}; launched Solidaridad I satellite in November 1993 and Solidaridad II in October 1994, giving Mexico improved access to South America, Central America and much of the US as well as enhancing domestic communications; linked to Central American Microwave System of trunk connections)
(communications_radio_broadcast_stations#mexico#AM 679, FM 0, shortwave 22)
(communications_radios#mexico#22.5 million {1992 est.})
(communications_television_broadcast_stations#mexico#238)
(communications_televisions#mexico#13.1 million {1992 est.})
(defense_branches#mexico#National Defense {includes Army and Air Force}, Navy {includes Naval Air and Marines})
(defense_manpower_availability_males_age_15-49#mexico#23,945,962)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_fit_for_military_service#mexico#17,451,706)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_reach_military_age_{18}_annually#mexico#1,057,538 {1996 est.})
(defense_defense_expenditures#mexico#exchange rate conversion - $2.24 billion, 0.9% of GDP {1996})
(geography_location#micronesia,_federated_states_of#Oceania, island group in the North Pacific Ocean, about three-quarters of the way from Hawaii to Indonesia)
(geography_geographic_coordinates#micronesia,_federated_states_of#6 55 N, 158 15 E)
(geography_map_references#micronesia,_federated_states_of#Oceania)
(geography_area_total_area#micronesia,_federated_states_of#702 sq km)
(geography_area_land_area#micronesia,_federated_states_of#702 sq km)
(geography_area_comparative_area#micronesia,_federated_states_of#four times the size of Washington, DC)
(geography_area_note#micronesia,_federated_states_of#includes Pohnpei {Ponape}, Truk {Chuuk} Islands, Yap Islands, and Kosrae)
(geography_land_boundaries#micronesia,_federated_states_of#0 km)
(geography_coastline#micronesia,_federated_states_of#6,112 km)
(geography_maritime_claims_exclusive_economic_zone#micronesia,_federated_states_of#200 nm)
(geography_maritime_claims_territorial_sea#micronesia,_federated_states_of#12 nm)
(geography_international_disputes#micronesia,_federated_states_of#none)
(geography_climate#micronesia,_federated_states_of#tropical; heavy year-round rainfall, especially in the eastern islands; located on southern edge of the typhoon belt with occasional severe damage)
(geography_terrain#micronesia,_federated_states_of#islands vary geologically from high mountainous islands to low, coral atolls; volcanic outcroppings on Pohnpei, Kosrae, and Truk)
(geography_terrain_lowest_point#micronesia,_federated_states_of#Pacific Ocean 0 m)
(geography_terrain_highest_point#micronesia,_federated_states_of#Totolom 791 m)
(geography_natural_resources#micronesia,_federated_states_of#forests, marine products, deep-seabed minerals)
(geography_land_use_arable_land#micronesia,_federated_states_of#NA%)
(geography_land_use_permanent_crops#micronesia,_federated_states_of#NA%)
(geography_land_use_meadows_and_pastures#micronesia,_federated_states_of#NA%)
(geography_land_use_forest_and_woodland#micronesia,_federated_states_of#NA%)
(geography_land_use_other#micronesia,_federated_states_of#NA%)
(geography_irrigated_land#micronesia,_federated_states_of#NA sq km)
(geography_environment_current_issues#micronesia,_federated_states_of#NA)
(geography_environment_natural_hazards#micronesia,_federated_states_of#typhoons {June to December})
(geography_environment_international_agreements#micronesia,_federated_states_of#party to - Biodiversity, Climate Change, Law of the Sea; signed, but not ratified - Desertification, Hazardous Wastes, Ozone Layer Protection)
(geography_geographic_note#micronesia,_federated_states_of#four major island groups totaling 607 islands)
(people_population#micronesia,_federated_states_of#125,377 {July 1996 est.})
(people_age_structure_0-14_years#micronesia,_federated_states_of#NA)
(people_age_structure_15-64_years#micronesia,_federated_states_of#35% {est.})
(people_age_structure_65_years_and_over#micronesia,_federated_states_of#NA)
(people_population_growth_rate#micronesia,_federated_states_of#3.34% {1996 est.})
(people_birth_rate#micronesia,_federated_states_of#27.94 births/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_death_rate#micronesia,_federated_states_of#6.22 deaths/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_net_migration_rate#micronesia,_federated_states_of#11.65 migrant{s}/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_sex_ratio_at_birth#micronesia,_federated_states_of#NA male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_under_15_years#micronesia,_federated_states_of#NA male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_15-64_years#micronesia,_federated_states_of#NA male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_65_years_and_over#micronesia,_federated_states_of#NA male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_all_ages#micronesia,_federated_states_of#NA male{s}/female)
(people_infant_mortality_rate#micronesia,_federated_states_of#35.8 deaths/1,000 live births {1996 est.})
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_total_population#micronesia,_federated_states_of#67.99 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_male#micronesia,_federated_states_of#66.02 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_female#micronesia,_federated_states_of#69.99 years {1996 est.})
(people_total_fertility_rate#micronesia,_federated_states_of#3.96 children born/woman {1996 est.})
(people_nationality_noun#micronesia,_federated_states_of#Micronesian{s})
(people_nationality_adjective#micronesia,_federated_states_of#Micronesian; Kosrae{s}, Pohnpeian{s}, Trukese, Yapese)
(people_ethnic_divisions#micronesia,_federated_states_of#nine ethnic Micronesian and Polynesian groups)
(people_religions#micronesia,_federated_states_of#Roman Catholic 50%, Protestant 47%, other and none 3%)
(people_languages#micronesia,_federated_states_of#English {official and common language}, Trukese, Pohnpeian, Yapese, Kosrean)
(people_literacy#micronesia,_federated_states_of#age 15 and over can read and write {1980 est.})
(people_literacy_total_population#micronesia,_federated_states_of#89%)
(people_literacy_male#micronesia,_federated_states_of#91%)
(people_literacy_female#micronesia,_federated_states_of#88%)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_long_form#micronesia,_federated_states_of#Federated States of Micronesia)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_short_form#micronesia,_federated_states_of#none)
(government_name_of_country_former#micronesia,_federated_states_of#Kosrae, Ponape, Truk, and Yap Districts {Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands})
(government_name_of_country_abbreviation#micronesia,_federated_states_of#FSM)
(government_data_code#micronesia,_federated_states_of#FM)
(government_type_of_government#micronesia,_federated_states_of#constitutional government in free association with the US; the Compact of Free Association entered into force 3 November 1986)
(government_capital#micronesia,_federated_states_of#Kolonia {on the island of Pohnpei})
(government_capital_note#micronesia,_federated_states_of#a new capital is being built about 10 km southwest in the Palikir valley)
(government_administrative_divisions#micronesia,_federated_states_of#4 states; Kosrae, Pohnpei, Chuuk {Truk}, Yap)
(government_independence#micronesia,_federated_states_of#3 November 1986 {from the US-administered UN Trusteeship})
(government_national_holiday#micronesia,_federated_states_of#Proclamation of the Federated States of Micronesia, 10 May {1979})
(government_constitution#micronesia,_federated_states_of#10 May 1979)
(government_legal_system#micronesia,_federated_states_of#based on adapted Trust Territory laws, acts of the legislature, municipal, common, and customary laws)
(government_suffrage#micronesia,_federated_states_of#18 years of age; universal)
(government_executive_branch_chief_of_state_and_head_of_government#micronesia,_federated_states_of#President Bailey OLTER {since 21 May 1991} and Vice President Jacob NENA {since 21 May 1991} were elected by the Congress from among the four Senators-at-Large; election last held 11 May 1995 {next to be held NA May 1999}; results - Bailey OLTER reelected to a second term as president; Jacob NENA reelected to a second term as vice president)
(government_executive_branch_cabinet#micronesia,_federated_states_of#Cabinet)
(government_legislative_branch#micronesia,_federated_states_of#unicameral)
(government_congress#micronesia,_federated_states_of#elections last held 7 March 1995 {next to be held NA March 1999}; results - percent of vote NA; seats - {14 total} independents 14)
(government_judicial_branch#micronesia,_federated_states_of#Supreme Court)
(government_political_parties_and_leaders#micronesia,_federated_states_of#no formal parties)
(government_international_organization_participation#micronesia,_federated_states_of#AsDB, ESCAP, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFC, IMF, Intelsat, ITU, Sparteca, SPC, SPF, UN, UNCTAD, WHO, WMO)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_chief_of_mission#micronesia,_federated_states_of#Ambassador Jesse B. MAREHALAU)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_chancery#micronesia,_federated_states_of#1725 N Street NW, Washington, DC 20036)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_telephone#micronesia,_federated_states_of#[1] {202} 223-4383)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_fax#micronesia,_federated_states_of#[1] {202} 223-4391)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_consulate{s}_general#micronesia,_federated_states_of#Honolulu and Tamuning {Guam})
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_chief_of_mission#micronesia,_federated_states_of#Ambassador March Fong EU)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_embassy#micronesia,_federated_states_of#address NA, Kolonia)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_mailing_address#micronesia,_federated_states_of#P. O. Box 1286, Pohnpei, Federated States of Micronesia 96941)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_telephone#micronesia,_federated_states_of#[691] 320-2187)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_fax#micronesia,_federated_states_of#[691] 320-2186)
(government_flag#micronesia,_federated_states_of#light blue with four white five-pointed stars centered; the stars are arranged in a diamond pattern)
(economy_economic_overview#micronesia,_federated_states_of#Economic activity consists primarily of subsistence farming and fishing. The islands have few mineral deposits worth exploiting, except for high-grade phosphate. The potential for a tourist industry exists, but the remoteness of the location and a lack of adequate facilities hinder development. Financial assistance from the US is the primary source of revenue, with the US pledged to spend $1 billion in the islands in the 1990s. Geographical isolation and a poorly developed infrastructure are major impediments to long-term growth.)
(economy_gdp#micronesia,_federated_states_of#purchasing power parity - $205 million {1994 est.})
(economy_gdp_note#micronesia,_federated_states_of#GDP is supplemented by grant aid, averaging perhaps $100 million annually)
(economy_gdp_real_growth_rate#micronesia,_federated_states_of#1.4% {1994 est.})
(economy_gdp_per_capita#micronesia,_federated_states_of#$1,700 {1994 est.})
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_agriculture#micronesia,_federated_states_of#NA%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_industry#micronesia,_federated_states_of#NA%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_services#micronesia,_federated_states_of#NA%)
(economy_inflation_rate_{consumer_prices}#micronesia,_federated_states_of#4% {1994 est.})
(economy_labor_force#micronesia,_federated_states_of#NA)
(economy_labor_force_by_occupation#micronesia,_federated_states_of#two-thirds are government employees)
(economy_unemployment_rate#micronesia,_federated_states_of#27% {1989})
(economy_budget_revenues#micronesia,_federated_states_of#$45 million)
(economy_budget_expenditures#micronesia,_federated_states_of#$31 million, including capital expenditures of $NA {FY94/95 est.})
(economy_industries#micronesia,_federated_states_of#tourism, construction, fish processing, craft items from shell, wood, and pearls)
(economy_industrial_production_growth_rate#micronesia,_federated_states_of#NA%)
(economy_electricity_capacity#micronesia,_federated_states_of#18,000 kW)
(economy_electricity_production#micronesia,_federated_states_of#40 million kWh)
(economy_electricity_consumption_per_capita#micronesia,_federated_states_of#380 kWh {1990})
(economy_agriculture#micronesia,_federated_states_of#black pepper, tropical fruits and vegetables, coconuts, cassava {tapioca}, sweet potatoes; pigs, chickens)
(economy_exports#micronesia,_federated_states_of#$29.1 million {f.o.b., 1994 est.})
(economy_exports_commodities#micronesia,_federated_states_of#fish, garments, bananas, black pepper)
(economy_exports_partners#micronesia,_federated_states_of#Japan, US, Guam)
(economy_imports#micronesia,_federated_states_of#$141.1 million {c.i.f., 1994 est.})
(economy_imports_commodities#micronesia,_federated_states_of#food, manufactured goods, machinery and equipment, beverages)
(economy_imports_partners#micronesia,_federated_states_of#US, Japan, Australia)
(economy_external_debt#micronesia,_federated_states_of#$129 million)
(economy_economic_aid_recipient#micronesia,_federated_states_of#under terms of the Compact of Free Association, the US will provide $1.3 billion in grant aid during the period 1986-2001)
(economy_currency#micronesia,_federated_states_of#1 United States dollar {US$} = 100 cents)
(economy_exchange_rates#micronesia,_federated_states_of#US currency is used)
(economy_fiscal_year#micronesia,_federated_states_of#1 October - 30 September)
(transportation_railways#micronesia,_federated_states_of#0 km)
(transportation_highways_total#micronesia,_federated_states_of#226 km)
(transportation_highways_paved#micronesia,_federated_states_of#39 km)
(transportation_highways_unpaved#micronesia,_federated_states_of#187 km)
(transportation_ports#micronesia,_federated_states_of#Colonia {Yap}, Kolonia {Pohnpei}, Lele, Moen)
(transportation_merchant_marine#micronesia,_federated_states_of#none)
(transportation_airports_total#micronesia,_federated_states_of#5)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_1,524_to_2,437_m#micronesia,_federated_states_of#4)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_under_914_m#micronesia,_federated_states_of#1 {1995 est.})
(communications_telephones#micronesia,_federated_states_of#960)
(communications_telephone_system_domestic#micronesia,_federated_states_of#islands interconnected by shortwave radiotelephone {used mostly for government purposes})
(communications_telephone_system_international#micronesia,_federated_states_of#satellite earth stations - 4 Intelsat {Pacific Ocean})
(communications_radio_broadcast_stations#micronesia,_federated_states_of#AM 5, FM 1, shortwave 1)
(communications_radios#micronesia,_federated_states_of#17,000 {1993 est.})
(communications_television_broadcast_stations#micronesia,_federated_states_of#6)
(communications_televisions#micronesia,_federated_states_of#1,290 {1993 est.})
(defense_defense_note#micronesia,_federated_states_of#defense is the responsibility of the US)
(header_affiliation#midway_islands#{territory of the US})
(geography_location#midway_islands#Oceania, atoll in the North Pacific Ocean, about one-third of the way from Honolulu to Tokyo)
(geography_geographic_coordinates#midway_islands#28 13 N, 177 22 W)
(geography_map_references#midway_islands#Oceania)
(geography_area_total_area#midway_islands#5.2 sq km)
(geography_area_land_area#midway_islands#5.2 sq km)
(geography_area_comparative_area#midway_islands#about nine times the size of The Mall in Washington, DC)
(geography_area_note#midway_islands#includes Eastern Island and Sand Island)
(geography_land_boundaries#midway_islands#0 km)
(geography_coastline#midway_islands#15 km)
(geography_maritime_claims_exclusive_economic_zone#midway_islands#200 nm)
(geography_maritime_claims_territorial_sea#midway_islands#12 nm)
(geography_international_disputes#midway_islands#none)
(geography_climate#midway_islands#tropical, but moderated by prevailing easterly winds)
(geography_terrain#midway_islands#low, nearly level)
(geography_terrain_lowest_point#midway_islands#Pacific Ocean 0 m)
(geography_terrain_highest_point#midway_islands#unnamed location 4 m)
(geography_natural_resources#midway_islands#fish, wildlife)
(geography_land_use_arable_land#midway_islands#0%)
(geography_land_use_permanent_crops#midway_islands#0%)
(geography_land_use_meadows_and_pastures#midway_islands#0%)
(geography_land_use_forest_and_woodland#midway_islands#0%)
(geography_land_use_other#midway_islands#100%)
(geography_irrigated_land#midway_islands#0 sq km)
(geography_environment_current_issues#midway_islands#NA)
(geography_environment_natural_hazards#midway_islands#NA)
(geography_environment_international_agreements#midway_islands#NA)
(geography_geographic_note#midway_islands#a coral atoll; closed to the public)
(people_population#midway_islands#no indigenous inhabitants; note - there are 453 US military personnel {July 1995 est.})
(government_name_of_country_conventional_long_form#midway_islands#none)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_short_form#midway_islands#Midway Islands)
(government_data_code#midway_islands#MQ)
(government_type_of_government#midway_islands#unincorporated territory of the US formerly administered by the US Navy, under Naval Facilities Engineering Command, Pacific Division; this facility has been operationally closed since 10 September 1993 and is currently undergoing transfer of accountability and responsibility to the US Department of the Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service)
(government_capital#midway_islands#none; administered from Washington, DC)
(government_flag#midway_islands#the flag of the US is used)
(economy_economic_overview#midway_islands#The economy is based on providing support services for remaining activities located on the islands. All food and manufactured goods must be imported.)
(economy_electricity#midway_islands#supplied by US Military)
(transportation_railways#midway_islands#0 km)
(transportation_highways_total#midway_islands#32 km)
(transportation_highways_paved#midway_islands#NA km)
(transportation_highways_unpaved#midway_islands#NA km)
(transportation_pipelines#midway_islands#7.8 km)
(transportation_ports#midway_islands#Sand Island)
(transportation_airports_total#midway_islands#2)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_1,524_to_2,437_m#midway_islands#1)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_914_to_1,523_m#midway_islands#1 {1995 est.})
(communications_telephones#midway_islands#NA)
(communications_telephone_system_domestic#midway_islands#NA)
(communications_telephone_system_international#midway_islands#NA)
(communications_radio_broadcast_stations#midway_islands#AM NA, FM NA, shortwave NA)
(communications_radios#midway_islands#NA)
(communications_television_broadcast_stations#midway_islands#NA)
(communications_televisions#midway_islands#NA)
(defense_defense_note#midway_islands#defense is the responsibility of the US)
(geography_location#moldova#Eastern Europe, northeast of Romania)
(geography_geographic_coordinates#moldova#47 00 N, 29 00 E)
(geography_map_references#moldova#Commonwealth of Independent States)
(geography_area_total_area#moldova#33,700 sq km)
(geography_area_land_area#moldova#33,700 sq km)
(geography_area_comparative_area#moldova#slightly more than twice the size of Hawaii)
(geography_land_boundaries_total#moldova#1,389 km)
(geography_land_boundaries_border_countries#moldova#Romania 450 km, Ukraine 939 km)
(geography_coastline#moldova#0 km {landlocked})
(geography_maritime_claims#moldova#none {landlocked})
(geography_international_disputes#moldova#certain territory of Moldova and Ukraine - including Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina - are considered by Bucharest as historically a part of Romania; this territory was incorporated into the former Soviet Union following the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact in 1940)
(geography_climate#moldova#moderate winters, warm summers)
(geography_terrain#moldova#rolling steppe, gradual slope south to Black Sea)
(geography_terrain_lowest_point#moldova#Nistru River 2 m)
(geography_terrain_highest_point#moldova#Mount Balaneshty 430 m)
(geography_natural_resources#moldova#lignite, phosphorites, gypsum)
(geography_land_use_arable_land#moldova#50%)
(geography_land_use_permanent_crops#moldova#13%)
(geography_land_use_meadows_and_pastures#moldova#9%)
(geography_land_use_forest_and_woodland#moldova#0%)
(geography_land_use_other#moldova#28%)
(geography_irrigated_land#moldova#2,920 sq km {1990})
(geography_environment_current_issues#moldova#heavy use of agricultural chemicals, including banned pesticides such as DDT, has contaminated soil and groundwater; extensive soil erosion from poor farming methods)
(geography_environment_natural_hazards#moldova#NA)
(geography_environment_international_agreements#moldova#party to - Biodiversity, Climate Change; signed, but not ratified - Air Pollution)
(geography_geographic_note#moldova#landlocked)
(people_population#moldova#4,463,847 {July 1996 est.})
(people_age_structure_0-14_years#moldova#26% {male 592,245; female 573,452})
(people_age_structure_15-64_years#moldova#64% {male 1,381,017; female 1,496,428})
(people_age_structure_65_years_and_over#moldova#10% {male 155,908; female 264,797} {July 1996 est.})
(people_population_growth_rate#moldova#0.18% {1996 est.})
(people_birth_rate#moldova#16.3 births/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_death_rate#moldova#11.75 deaths/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_net_migration_rate#moldova#-2.77 migrant{s}/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_sex_ratio_at_birth#moldova#1.05 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_under_15_years#moldova#1.03 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_15-64_years#moldova#0.92 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_65_years_and_over#moldova#0.59 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_all_ages#moldova#0.91 male{s}/female {1996 est.})
(people_infant_mortality_rate#moldova#47.6 deaths/1,000 live births {1996 est.})
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_total_population#moldova#65.14 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_male#moldova#60.77 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_female#moldova#69.73 years {1996 est.})
(people_total_fertility_rate#moldova#2.17 children born/woman {1996 est.})
(people_nationality_noun#moldova#Moldovan{s})
(people_nationality_adjective#moldova#Moldovan)
(people_ethnic_divisions#moldova#Moldavian/Romanian 64.5%, Ukrainian 13.8%, Russian 13%, Gagauz 3.5%, Jewish 1.5%, Bulgarian 2%, other 1.7% {1989 figures})
(people_ethnic_divisions_note#moldova#internal disputes with ethnic Russians and Ukrainians in the Dniester region and Gagauz Turks in the south)
(people_religions#moldova#Eastern Orthodox 98.5%, Jewish 1.5%, Baptist {only about 1,000 members} {1991})
(people_religions_note#moldova#the large majority of churchgoers are ethnic Moldavian)
(people_languages#moldova#Moldovan {official, virtually the same as the Romanian language}, Russian, Gagauz {a Turkish dialect})
(people_literacy#moldova#age 15 and over can read and write {1989 est.})
(people_literacy_total_population#moldova#96%)
(people_literacy_male#moldova#99%)
(people_literacy_female#moldova#94%)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_long_form#moldova#Republic of Moldova)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_short_form#moldova#Moldova)
(government_name_of_country_local_long_form#moldova#Republica Moldova)
(government_name_of_country_local_short_form#moldova#none)
(government_name_of_country_former#moldova#Soviet Socialist Republic of Moldova; Moldavia)
(government_data_code#moldova#MD)
(government_type_of_government#moldova#republic)
(government_capital#moldova#Chisinau)
(government_administrative_divisions#moldova#previously divided into 40 rayons; new districts possible under new constitution in 1994)
(government_independence#moldova#27 August 1991 {from Soviet Union})
(government_national_holiday#moldova#Independence Day, 27 August 1991)
(government_constitution#moldova#new constitution adopted 28 July 1994; replaces old Soviet constitution of 1979)
(government_legal_system#moldova#based on civil law system; Constitutional Court reviews legality of legislative acts and governmental decisions of resolution; it is unclear if Moldova accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction but accepts many UN and OSCE documents)
(government_suffrage#moldova#18 years of age; universal)
(government_executive_branch_chief_of_state#moldova#President Mircea SNEGUR {since 3 September 1990} was elected for a four-year term by popular vote; election last held 8 December 1991 {next to be held NA December 1996}; results - Mircea SNEGUR ran unopposed and won 98.17% of vote; note - President SNEGUR was named executive president by the Supreme Soviet on 3 September 1990 and was confirmed by popular election on 8 December 1991)
(government_executive_branch_head_of_government#moldova#Prime Minister Andrei SANGHELI {since 1 July 1992; reappointed 5 April 1994 after elections for new legislature} was appointed by Parliament; First Deputy Prime Minister Ion GUTU {since NA April 1994})
(government_executive_branch_cabinet#moldova#Council of Ministers was appointed by the president on recommendation of the prime minister)
(government_legislative_branch#moldova#unicameral)
(government_parliament#moldova#elections last held 27 February 1994 {next to be held NA 1999}; results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - {104 total} PDAM 56, Socialist/Yedinstvo Bloc 28, Peasants and Intellectuals Bloc 11, FPCDM 9; note - seats as of June-July 1995 were as follows: PDAM 45, PSM/UN 28, Peasants and Intellectuals Bloc 11, PRCM 11, FPCDM 9)
(government_parliament_note#moldova#the comparative breakdown of seats by faction is approximate)
(government_judicial_branch#moldova#Supreme Court)
(government_political_parties_and_leaders#moldova#Christian Democratic Popular Front {FPCDM - formerly Moldovan Popular Front}, Iurie ROSCA, chairman; Socialist Unity Faction {US} of the Socialist Party of Moldova {PSM}, Vladimir SOLONARI, leader; Social Democratic Party of Moldova {PSDM}, Anatol TARAN, chairman; Agrarian Democratic Party of Moldova {PDAM}, Dumitru MOTPAN, chairman; Peasants and Intellectuals Bloc, Mihai GHIMPU, leader; Liberal Party of Modova {PLM}, Mircea RUSU, chairman; Socialist Party of Moldova {PSM}, Valeriu SENIC and Victor MOREV, cochairmen; Party of Rivival and Conciliation of Moldova {PRCM}, Mircea SNEGUR, chairman; Moldovan Party of Democratic Forces {PFDM}, Valeriu MATEI, chairman; Party for Social Progress {PPSM}, Eugen SOBOR, chairman; Communist Party {PCM}, Vladimir VORONIN, first chairman; Yedinstvo Intermovement, Vladimir SOLONARI, chairman, note - this party may not be in existence now)
(government_other_political_or_pressure_groups#moldova#United Council of Labor Collectives {UCLC}, Igor SMIRNOV, chairman; The Ecology Movement of Moldova {EMM}, G. MALARCHUK, chairman; The Christian Democratic League of Women of Moldova {CDLWM}, L. LARI, chairman; National Christian Party of Moldova {NCPM}, D. TODIKE, M. BARAGA, V. NIKU, leaders; The Peoples Movement Gagauz Khalky {GKh}, S. GULGAR, leader; The Democratic Party of Gagauzia {DPG}, G. SAVOSTIN, chairman; The Alliance of Working People of Moldova {AWPM}, G. POLOGOV, president; Christian Alliance for Greater Romania; Stefan the Great Movement; Liberal Convention of Moldova; Association of Victims of Repression; Christian Democratic Youth League)
(government_international_organization_participation#moldova#BSEC, CCC, CE, CIS, EBRD, ECE, FAO, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFC, ILO, IMF, Intelsat {nonsignatory user}, Interpol, IOC, IOM {observer}, ITU, NACC, OSCE, PFP, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO {applicant})
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_chief_of_mission#moldova#Ambassador Nicolae TAU)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_chancery#moldova#Suites 329, 333, 1511 K Street NW, Washington, DC 20005)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_telephone#moldova#[1] {202} 783-3012)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_fax#moldova#[1] {202} 783-3342)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_chief_of_mission#moldova#Ambassador John Todd STEWART)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_embassy#moldova#Strada Alexei Mateevich #103, Chisinau 277014)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_mailing_address#moldova#use embassy street address)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_telephone#moldova#[373] {2} 23-37-72)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_fax#moldova#[373] {2} 23-30-44)
(government_flag#moldova#same color scheme as Romania - three equal vertical bands of blue {hoist side}, yellow, and red; emblem in center of flag is of a Roman eagle of gold outlined in black with a red beak and talons carrying a yellow cross in its beak and a green olive branch in its right talons and a yellow scepter in its left talons; on its breast is a shield divided horizontally red over blue with a stylized ox head, star, rose, and crescent all in black-outlined yellow)
(economy_economic_overview#moldova#Moldova enjoys a favorable climate and good farmland but has no major mineral deposits. As a result, the economy depends heavily on agriculture, featuring fruits, vegetables, wine, and tobacco. Moldova must import all of its supplies of oil, coal, and natural gas. Energy shortages have contributed to sharp production declines since the breakup of the Soviet Union in 1991. The Moldovan Government has been making steady progress on an ambitious economic reform agenda, and the IMF has called Moldova a model for the region. As part of its reform efforts, Chisinau has introduced a stable convertible currency, freed all prices, stopped issuing preferential credits to state enterprises and backed their steady privatization, removed export controls, and freed interest rates. Chisinau appears strongly committed to continuing these reforms in 1996. Published estimates probably overstated the decline in output in 1991-94; the $2,310 per capita figure for GDP thus is a minimum estimate.)
(economy_gdp#moldova#purchasing power parity - $10.4 billion {1995 estimate extrapolated from World Bank estimate for 1994})
(economy_gdp_real_growth_rate#moldova#-3% {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_per_capita#moldova#$2,310 {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_agriculture#moldova#33%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_industry#moldova#36%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_services#moldova#31% {1993 est.})
(economy_inflation_rate_{consumer_prices}#moldova#24% {1995 est.})
(economy_labor_force#moldova#2.03 million {January 1994})
(economy_labor_force_by_occupation#moldova#agriculture 34.4%, industry 20.1%, other 45.5% {1985 figures})
(economy_unemployment_rate#moldova#1.2% {includes only officially registered unemployed; large numbers of underemployed workers} {December 1995})
(economy_budget_revenues#moldova#$NA)
(economy_budget_expenditures#moldova#$NA, including capital expenditures of $NA)
(economy_budget_note#moldova#budget deficit for 1995 approximately 5% of GDP)
(economy_industries#moldova#food processing, agricultural machinery, foundry equipment, refrigerators and freezers, washing machines, hosiery, sugar, vegetable oil, shoes, textiles)
(economy_industrial_production_growth_rate#moldova#-6% {1995 est.})
(economy_electricity_capacity#moldova#3,000,000 kW)
(economy_electricity_production#moldova#8.2 billion kWh)
(economy_electricity_consumption_per_capita#moldova#1,830 kWh {1994})
(economy_agriculture#moldova#vegetables, fruits, wine, grain, sugar beets, sunflower seed, tobacco; meat, milk)
(economy_illicit_drugs#moldova#illicit cultivator of opium poppy and cannabis; mostly for CIS consumption; transshipment point for illicit drugs to Western Europe)
(economy_exports#moldova#$720 million {1995})
(economy_exports_commodities#moldova#foodstuffs, wine, tobacco, textiles and footwear, machinery, chemicals)
(economy_exports_partners#moldova#Russia, Kazakstan, Ukraine, Romania, Germany)
(economy_imports#moldova#$822 million {1995})
(economy_imports_commodities#moldova#oil, gas, coal, steel, machinery, foodstuffs, automobiles, and other consumer durables)
(economy_imports_partners#moldova#Russia, Ukraine, Uzbekistan, Romania, Germany)
(economy_external_debt#moldova#$550 million {of which $250 million to Russia})
(economy_economic_aid_recipient#moldova#ODA, $46 million {1993})
(economy_economic_aid_note#moldova#commitments, $1,335 million {$500 million disbursements}, 1992-95)
(economy_currency#moldova#the leu {plural lei} was introduced in late 1993)
(economy_exchange_rates#moldova#lei per US$1 - 4.5460 {January 1996}, 4.4990 {1995}, 4.2700 {1994}, 3.6400 {1993}, 0.4145 {1992}, 0.0017 {1991})
(economy_fiscal_year#moldova#calendar year)
(transportation_railways_total#moldova#1,328 km)
(transportation_railways_broad_gauge#moldova#1,328 km 1.520-m gauge {1992})
(transportation_highways_total#moldova#14,508 km)
(transportation_highways_paved#moldova#12,346 km)
(transportation_highways_unpaved#moldova#2,162 km {1992 est.})
(transportation_waterways#moldova#424 km {1994})
(transportation_pipelines#moldova#natural gas 310 km {1992})
(transportation_ports#moldova#none)
(transportation_airports_total#moldova#26)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_over_3,047_m#moldova#1)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_2,438_to_3,047_m#moldova#2)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_1,524_to_2,437_m#moldova#2)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_under_914_m#moldova#3)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_2,438_to_3,047_m#moldova#3)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_1,524_to_2,437_m#moldova#2)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_914_to_1,523_m#moldova#5)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_under_914_m#moldova#8 {1994 est.})
(communications_telephones#moldova#577,000 {1991 est.})
(communications_telephone_system#moldova#telecommunication system not well developed; 215,000 unsatisfied requests for telephone service {1991 est.})
(communications_telephone_system_domestic#moldova#NA)
(communications_telephone_system_international#moldova#international connections to other former Soviet republics by landline and microwave radio relay through Ukraine and to other countries by leased connections to the Moscow international gateway switch; satellite earth stations - 1 Eutelsat and 1 Intelsat)
(communications_radio_broadcast_stations#moldova#AM 9, FM 5, shortwave NA {1994})
(communications_radios#moldova#NA)
(communications_television_broadcast_stations#moldova#2 {one national and one private} {1995})
(communications_televisions#moldova#NA)
(defense_branches#moldova#Ground Forces, Air and Air Defense Forces, Republic Security Forces {internal and border troops})
(defense_manpower_availability_males_age_15-49#moldova#1,125,538)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_fit_for_military_service#moldova#888,757)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_reach_military_age_{18}_annually#moldova#37,183 {1996 est.})
(defense_defense_expenditures#moldova#203 million lei, 2.5% of GDP {1995}; note - conversion of defense expenditures into US dollars using the current exchange rate could produce misleading results)
(geography_location#monaco#Western Europe, bordering the Mediterranean Sea, on the southern coast of France, near the border with Italy)
(geography_geographic_coordinates#monaco#43 44 N, 7 24 E)
(geography_map_references#monaco#Europe)
(geography_area_total_area#monaco#1.9 sq km)
(geography_area_land_area#monaco#1.9 sq km)
(geography_area_comparative_area#monaco#about three times the size of The Mall in Washington, DC)
(geography_land_boundaries_total#monaco#4.4 km)
(geography_land_boundaries_border_country#monaco#France 4.4 km)
(geography_coastline#monaco#4.1 km)
(geography_maritime_claims_territorial_sea#monaco#12 nm)
(geography_international_disputes#monaco#none)
(geography_climate#monaco#Mediterranean with mild, wet winters and hot, dry summers)
(geography_terrain#monaco#hilly, rugged, rocky)
(geography_terrain_lowest_point#monaco#Mediterranean Sea 0 m)
(geography_terrain_highest_point#monaco#Mont Agel 140 m)
(geography_natural_resources#monaco#none)
(geography_land_use_arable_land#monaco#0%)
(geography_land_use_permanent_crops#monaco#0%)
(geography_land_use_meadows_and_pastures#monaco#0%)
(geography_land_use_forest_and_woodland#monaco#0%)
(geography_land_use_other#monaco#100%)
(geography_irrigated_land#monaco#NA sq km)
(geography_environment_current_issues#monaco#NA)
(geography_environment_natural_hazards#monaco#NA)
(geography_environment_international_agreements#monaco#party to - Biodiversity, Climate Change, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Whaling; signed, but not ratified - Law of the Sea)
(geography_geographic_note#monaco#second smallest independent state in world {after Holy See}; almost entirely urban)
(people_population#monaco#31,719 {July 1996 est.})
(people_age_structure_0-14_years#monaco#17% {male 2,737; female 2,685})
(people_age_structure_15-64_years#monaco#63% {male 9,746; female 10,318})
(people_age_structure_65_years_and_over#monaco#20% {male 2,288; female 3,945} {July 1996 est.})
(people_population_growth_rate#monaco#0.59% {1996 est.})
(people_birth_rate#monaco#10.66 births/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_death_rate#monaco#12.11 deaths/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_net_migration_rate#monaco#7.38 migrant{s}/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_sex_ratio_at_birth#monaco#1.05 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_under_15_years#monaco#1.02 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_15-64_years#monaco#0.94 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_65_years_and_over#monaco#0.58 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_all_ages#monaco#0.87 male{s}/female {1996 est.})
(people_infant_mortality_rate#monaco#6.9 deaths/1,000 live births {1996 est.})
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_total_population#monaco#78.07 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_male#monaco#74.38 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_female#monaco#81.93 years {1996 est.})
(people_total_fertility_rate#monaco#1.7 children born/woman {1996 est.})
(people_nationality_noun#monaco#Monacan{s} or Monegasque{s})
(people_nationality_adjective#monaco#Monacan or Monegasque)
(people_ethnic_divisions#monaco#French 47%, Monegasque 16%, Italian 16%, other 21%)
(people_religions#monaco#Roman Catholic 95%)
(people_languages#monaco#French {official}, English, Italian, Monegasque)
(people_literacy#monaco#NA)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_long_form#monaco#Principality of Monaco)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_short_form#monaco#Monaco)
(government_name_of_country_local_long_form#monaco#Principaute de Monaco)
(government_name_of_country_local_short_form#monaco#Monaco)
(government_data_code#monaco#MN)
(government_type_of_government#monaco#constitutional monarchy)
(government_capital#monaco#Monaco)
(government_administrative_divisions#monaco#4 quarters {quartiers, singular - quartier}; Fontvieille, La Condamine, Monaco-Ville, Monte-Carlo)
(government_independence#monaco#1419 {rule by the House of Grimaldi})
(government_national_holiday#monaco#National Day, 19 November)
(government_constitution#monaco#17 December 1962)
(government_legal_system#monaco#based on French law; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction)
(government_suffrage#monaco#21 years of age; universal)
(government_executive_branch_chief_of_state#monaco#Prince RAINIER III {since NA November 1949} is a hereditary monarch; Heir Apparent Prince ALBERT Alexandre Louis Pierre {born 14 March 1958})
(government_executive_branch_head_of_government#monaco#Minister of State Jaques DUPONT {since NA 1995} was appointed by the prince from a list of three candidates presented by the French Government)
(government_executive_branch_cabinet#monaco#Council of Government is under the authority of the prince)
(government_legislative_branch#monaco#unicameral)
(government_national_council_{conseil_national}#monaco#elections last held 24 and 31 January 1993 {next to be held NA}; results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - {18 total} Campora List 15, Medecin List 2, independent 1)
(government_judicial_branch#monaco#Supreme Tribunal {Tribunal Supreme})
(government_political_parties_and_leaders#monaco#National and Democratic Union {UND}; Campora List, Anne-Marie CAMPORA; Medecin List, Jean-Louis MEDECIN)
(government_international_organization_participation#monaco#ACCT, ECE, IAEA, ICAO, ICRM, IFRCS, IMO, Inmarsat, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, ITU, OSCE, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WIPO)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us#monaco#Monaco does not have an embassy in the US)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_consulate{s}#monaco#New York)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_honorary_consulate{s}_general#monaco#Boston, Chicago, Los Angeles, New Orleans, San Francisco, San Juan {Puerto Rico})
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_honorary_consulate{s}#monaco#Dallas, Palm Beach, Philadelphia, and Washington, DC)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation#monaco#the US does not have an embassy in Monaco; the US Consul General in Marseille {France} is accredited to Monaco)
(government_flag#monaco#two equal horizontal bands of red {top} and white; similar to the flag of Indonesia which is longer and the flag of Poland which is white {top} and red)
(economy_economic_overview#monaco#Monaco, situated on the French Mediterranean coast, is a popular resort, attracting tourists to its casino and pleasant climate. The Principality has successfully sought to diversify into services and small, high-value-added, nonpolluting industries. The state has no income tax and low business taxes and thrives as a tax haven both for individuals who have established residence and for foreign companies that have set up businesses and offices. About 55% of Monaco's annual revenue comes from value-added taxes on hotels, banks, and the industrial sector; about 25% of revenue comes from tourism. Living standards are high, roughly comparable to those in prosperous French metropolitan areas.)
(economy_gdp#monaco#purchasing power parity - $788 million {1994 est.})
(economy_gdp_real_growth_rate#monaco#NA%)
(economy_gdp_per_capita#monaco#$25,000 {1994 est.})
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_agriculture#monaco#NA%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_industry#monaco#NA%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_services#monaco#NA%)
(economy_inflation_rate_{consumer_prices}#monaco#NA%)
(economy_labor_force#monaco#NA)
(economy_unemployment_rate#monaco#3.1% {1994})
(economy_budget_revenues#monaco#$660 million)
(economy_budget_expenditures#monaco#$586 million, including capital expenditures of $NA {1993 est.})
(economy_industrial_production_growth_rate#monaco#NA%)
(economy_electricity_capacity#monaco#10,000 kW standby; power imported from France)
(economy_electricity_production#monaco#NA kWh)
(economy_electricity_consumption_per_capita#monaco#NA kWh {1993})
(economy_agriculture#monaco#none)
(economy_exports#monaco#$NA; full customs integration with France, which collects and rebates Monacan trade duties; also participates in EU market system through customs union with France)
(economy_imports#monaco#$NA; full customs integration with France, which collects and rebates Monacan trade duties; also participates in EU market system through customs union with France)
(economy_external_debt#monaco#$NA)
(economy_economic_aid#monaco#$NA)
(economy_currency#monaco#1 French franc {F} = 100 centimes)
(economy_exchange_rates#monaco#French francs {F} per US$1 - 5.0056 {January 1996}, 4.9915 {1995}, 5.520 {1994}, 5.6632 {1993}, 5.2938 {1992}, 5.6421 {1991})
(economy_fiscal_year#monaco#calendar year)
(transportation_railways_total#monaco#1.7 km)
(transportation_railways_standard_gauge#monaco#1.7 km 1.435-m gauge)
(transportation_highways_total#monaco#50 km)
(transportation_highways_paved#monaco#50 km)
(transportation_highways_unpaved#monaco#0 km {1994})
(transportation_ports#monaco#Monaco)
(transportation_merchant_marine#monaco#none)
(transportation_airports#monaco#linked to airport in Nice, France, by helicopter service)
(communications_telephones#monaco#34,600 {1987 est.})
(communications_telephone_system#monaco#automatic telephone system)
(communications_telephone_system_domestic#monaco#NA)
(communications_telephone_system_international#monaco#no satellite earth stations; connected by cable into the French communications system)
(communications_radio_broadcast_stations#monaco#AM 3, FM 4, shortwave 0)
(communications_radios#monaco#30,000 {1992 est.})
(communications_television_broadcast_stations#monaco#5 {1987 est.})
(communications_televisions#monaco#22,000 {1992 est.})
(defense_defense_note#monaco#defense is the responsibility of France)
(geography_location#mongolia#Northern Asia, between China and Russia)
(geography_geographic_coordinates#mongolia#46 00 N, 105 00 E)
(geography_map_references#mongolia#Asia)
(geography_area_total_area#mongolia#1.565 million sq km)
(geography_area_land_area#mongolia#1.565 million sq km)
(geography_area_comparative_area#mongolia#slightly larger than Alaska)
(geography_land_boundaries_total#mongolia#8,114 km)
(geography_land_boundaries_border_countries#mongolia#China 4,673 km, Russia 3,441 km)
(geography_coastline#mongolia#0 km {landlocked})
(geography_maritime_claims#mongolia#none {landlocked})
(geography_international_disputes#mongolia#none)
(geography_climate#mongolia#desert; continental {large daily and seasonal temperature ranges})
(geography_terrain#mongolia#vast semidesert and desert plains; mountains in west and southwest; Gobi Desert in southeast)
(geography_terrain_lowest_point#mongolia#Hoh Nuur 518 m)
(geography_terrain_highest_point#mongolia#Nayramadlin Orgil 4,374 m)
(geography_natural_resources#mongolia#oil, coal, copper, molybdenum, tungsten, phosphates, tin, nickel, zinc, wolfram, fluorspar, gold)
(geography_land_use_arable_land#mongolia#1%)
(geography_land_use_permanent_crops#mongolia#0%)
(geography_land_use_meadows_and_pastures#mongolia#79%)
(geography_land_use_forest_and_woodland#mongolia#10%)
(geography_land_use_other#mongolia#10%)
(geography_irrigated_land#mongolia#770 sq km {1989})
(geography_environment_current_issues#mongolia#limited natural fresh water resources; policies of the former communist regime promoting rapid urbanization and industrial growth have raised concerns about their negative effects on the environment; the burning of soft coal and the concentration of factories in Ulaanbaatar have severely polluted the air; deforestation, overgrazing, the converting of virgin land to agricultural production have increased soil erosion from wind and rain; desertification)
(geography_environment_natural_hazards#mongolia#dust storms can occur in the spring)
(geography_environment_international_agreements#mongolia#party to - Biodiversity, Climate Change, Environmental Modification, Nuclear Test Ban; signed, but not ratified - Desertification, Law of the Sea)
(geography_geographic_note#mongolia#landlocked; strategic location between China and Russia)
(people_population#mongolia#2,496,617 {July 1996 est.})
(people_age_structure_0-14_years#mongolia#38% {male 486,321; female 471,931})
(people_age_structure_15-64_years#mongolia#58% {male 722,485; female 723,065})
(people_age_structure_65_years_and_over#mongolia#4% {male 39,704; female 53,111} {July 1996 est.})
(people_population_growth_rate#mongolia#1.69% {1996 est.})
(people_birth_rate#mongolia#25.55 births/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_death_rate#mongolia#8.65 deaths/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_net_migration_rate#mongolia#0 migrant{s}/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_sex_ratio_at_birth#mongolia#1.05 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_under_15_years#mongolia#1.03 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_15-64_years#mongolia#1 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_65_years_and_over#mongolia#0.75 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_all_ages#mongolia#1 male{s}/female {1996 est.})
(people_infant_mortality_rate#mongolia#69.7 deaths/1,000 live births {1996 est.})
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_total_population#mongolia#60.75 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_male#mongolia#58.8 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_female#mongolia#62.8 years {1996 est.})
(people_total_fertility_rate#mongolia#3.04 children born/woman {1996 est.})
(people_nationality_noun#mongolia#Mongolian{s})
(people_nationality_adjective#mongolia#Mongolian)
(people_ethnic_divisions#mongolia#Mongol 90%, Kazak 4%, Chinese 2%, Russian 2%, other 2%)
(people_religions#mongolia#predominantly Tibetan Buddhist, Muslim 4%)
(people_religions_note#mongolia#previously limited religious activity because of communist regime)
(people_languages#mongolia#Khalkha Mongol 90%, Turkic, Russian, Chinese)
(people_literacy#mongolia#age 15 and over can read and write {1988 est.})
(people_literacy_total_population#mongolia#82.9%)
(people_literacy_male#mongolia#88.6%)
(people_literacy_female#mongolia#77.2%)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_long_form#mongolia#none)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_short_form#mongolia#Mongolia)
(government_name_of_country_local_long_form#mongolia#none)
(government_name_of_country_local_short_form#mongolia#Mongol Uls)
(government_name_of_country_former#mongolia#Outer Mongolia)
(government_data_code#mongolia#MG)
(government_type_of_government#mongolia#republic)
(government_capital#mongolia#Ulaanbaatar)
(government_administrative_divisions#mongolia#18 provinces {aymguud, singular - aymag} and 3 municipalities* {hotuud, singular - hot}; Arhangay, Bayanhongor, Bayan-Olgiy, Bulgan, Darhan*, Dornod, Dornogovi, Dundgovi, Dzavhan, Erdenet*, Govi-Altay, Hentiy, Hovd, Hovsgol, Omnogovi, Ovorhangay, Selenge, Suhbaatar, Tov, Ulaanbaatar*, Uvs)
(government_independence#mongolia#13 March 1921 {from China})
(government_national_holiday#mongolia#National Day, 11 July {1921})
(government_constitution#mongolia#adopted 13 January 1992)
(government_legal_system#mongolia#blend of Russian, Chinese, and Turkish systems of law; no constitutional provision for judicial review of legislative acts; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction)
(government_suffrage#mongolia#18 years of age; universal)
(government_executive_branch_chief_of_state#mongolia#President Punsalmaagiyn OCHIRBAT {since 3 September 1990} was nominated by parties in the State Great Hural and elected in general presidential elections for a four-year term; election last held 6 June 1993 {next to be held NA 1997}; results - Punsalmaagiyn OCHIRBAT {MNDP and MSDP} elected directly with 57.8% of the vote, other candidate Lodongiyn TUDEV {MPRP})
(government_executive_branch_head_of_government#mongolia#Prime Minister Putsagiyn JASRAY {since 3 August 1992} and Deputy Prime Ministers Lhamsuren ENEBISH {since NA October 1992} and Choijilsurengiyn PUREVDORJ {since NA September 1990} were appointed by the State Great Hural)
(government_executive_branch_cabinet#mongolia#Cabinet was appointed by the State Great Hural)
(government_legislative_branch#mongolia#unicameral)
(government_state_great_hural#mongolia#elections held for the first time 28 June 1992 {next to be held NA June 1996}; results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - {76 total} MPRP 71, United Party of Mongolia 4, MSDP 1)
(government_state_great_hural_note#mongolia#the People's Small Hural no longer exists)
(government_judicial_branch#mongolia#Supreme Court, serves as appeals court for people's and provincial courts, but to date rarely overturns verdicts of lower courts, judges are nominated by the General Council of Courts for approval of the Great Hural)
(government_political_parties_and_leaders#mongolia#Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party {MPRP}, Budragchagiin DASH-YONDON, secretary general; Mongolian National Democratic Party {MNDP}, D. GANBOLD, chairman; Mongolian Social Democratic Party {MSDP}, B. BATBAYAR, chairman; United Party of Mongolia, leader NA)
(government_political_parties_and_leaders_note#mongolia#opposition parties were legalized in May 1990)
(government_international_organization_participation#mongolia#AsDB, CCC, ESCAP, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Intelsat {nonsignatory user}, Interpol, IOC, ISO, ITU, NAM {observer}, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO {applicant})
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_chief_of_mission#mongolia#Ambassador Jalbuugiyn CHOINHOR)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_chancery#mongolia#2833 M Street NW, Washington, DC 20007)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_telephone#mongolia#[1] {202} 333-7117)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_fax#mongolia#[1] {202} 298-9227)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_consulate{s}_general#mongolia#New York)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_chief_of_mission#mongolia#Ambassador Donald C. JOHNSON)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_embassy#mongolia#inner north side of the Big Ring, just west of the Selbe Gol, Ulaanbaatar)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_mailing_address#mongolia#c/o American Embassy Beijing, Micro Region 11, Big Ring Road; PSC 461, Box 300, FPO AP 96521-0002)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_telephone#mongolia#[976] {1} 329095, 329606)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_fax#mongolia#[976] {1} 320776)
(government_flag#mongolia#three equal, vertical bands of red {hoist side}, blue, and red, centered on the hoist-side red band in yellow is the national emblem {"soyombo" - a columnar arrangement of abstract and geometric representation for fire, sun, moon, earth, water, and the yin-yang symbol})
(economy_economic_overview#mongolia#Mongolia's severe climate, scattered population, and wide expanses of unproductive land have constrained economic development. Economic activity traditionally has been based on agriculture and the breeding of livestock. In past years extensive mineral resources had been developed with Soviet support; total Soviet assistance at its height amounted to 30% of GDP. The mining and processing of coal, copper, molybdenum, tin, tungsten, and gold account for a large part of industrial production. Timber and fishing are also important sectors. The Mongolian leadership has been gradually making the transition from Soviet-style central planning to a market economy through privatization and price reform and has been soliciting support from international financial agencies and foreign investors. The economy, however, has still not recovered from the loss of Soviet aid. The country continues to suffer substantial economic hardships, with one-fourth of the population below the poverty line.)
(economy_gdp#mongolia#purchasing power parity - $4.9 billion {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_real_growth_rate#mongolia#6% {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_per_capita#mongolia#$1,970 {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_agriculture#mongolia#28%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_industry#mongolia#35%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_services#mongolia#37% {1993 est.})
(economy_inflation_rate_{consumer_prices}#mongolia#53% {1995 est.})
(economy_labor_force#mongolia#1.115 million {mid-1993 est.})
(economy_labor_force_by_occupation#mongolia#primarily herding/agricultural)
(economy_labor_force_note#mongolia#over half the adult population is in the labor force, including a large percentage of women; shortage of skilled labor)
(economy_unemployment_rate#mongolia#15% {1991 est.})
(economy_budget_revenues#mongolia#$1.5 billion)
(economy_budget_expenditures#mongolia#$1.3 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA {1995 est.})
(economy_industries#mongolia#copper, construction materials, mining {particularly coal}; food and beverage, processing of animal products)
(economy_industrial_production_growth_rate#mongolia#NA%)
(economy_electricity_capacity#mongolia#900,000 kW)
(economy_electricity_production#mongolia#3.1 billion kWh)
(economy_electricity_consumption_per_capita#mongolia#1,267 kWh {1993})
(economy_agriculture#mongolia#wheat, barley, potatoes, forage crops; sheep, goats, cattle, camels, horses)
(economy_exports#mongolia#$400 million {f.o.b., 1995 est.})
(economy_exports_commodities#mongolia#copper, livestock, animal products, cashmere, wool, hides, fluorspar, other nonferrous metals)
(economy_exports_partners#mongolia#former CMEA countries 62%, China 17%, EC 8% {1992})
(economy_imports#mongolia#$223 million {f.o.b., 1994})
(economy_imports_commodities#mongolia#machinery and equipment, fuels, food products, industrial consumer goods, chemicals, building materials, sugar, tea)
(economy_imports_partners#mongolia#USSR 75%, Austria 5%, China 5% {1991})
(economy_external_debt#mongolia#$473.7 million {1994})
(economy_economic_aid_recipient#mongolia#ODA, $NA)
(economy_currency#mongolia#1 tughrik {Tug} = 100 mongos)
(economy_exchange_rates#mongolia#tughriks {Tug} per US$1 - 4465.39 {October 1995}, 412.72 {1994}, 42.56 {1992}, 9.52 {1991}, 5.63 {1990})
(economy_fiscal_year#mongolia#calendar year)
(transportation_railways_total#mongolia#1,928 km)
(transportation_railways_broad_gauge#mongolia#1,928 km 1.524-m gauge {1994})
(transportation_highways_total#mongolia#46,700 km)
(transportation_highways_paved#mongolia#1,000 km)
(transportation_highways_unpaved#mongolia#45,700 km {1988 est.})
(transportation_waterways#mongolia#397 km of principal routes {1988})
(transportation_ports#mongolia#none)
(transportation_airports_total#mongolia#34)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_2,438_to_3,047_m#mongolia#7)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_under_914_m#mongolia#1)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_over_3,047_m#mongolia#3)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_2,438_to_3,047_m#mongolia#5)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_1,524_to_2,437_m#mongolia#10)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_914_to_1,523_m#mongolia#3)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_under_914_m#mongolia#5 {1994 est.})
(communications_telephones#mongolia#89,000 {1995 est.})
(communications_telephone_system_domestic#mongolia#NA)
(communications_telephone_system_international#mongolia#satellite earth station - 1 Intersputnik {Indian Ocean Region})
(communications_radio_broadcast_stations#mongolia#AM 12, FM 1, shortwave 0)
(communications_radios#mongolia#220,000)
(communications_television_broadcast_stations#mongolia#1 {provincial repeaters 18})
(communications_televisions#mongolia#120,000 {1993 est.})
(defense_branches#mongolia#Mongolian People's Army {includes Internal Security Forces and Frontier Guards}, Air Force)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_age_15-49#mongolia#638,560)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_fit_for_military_service#mongolia#417,620)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_reach_military_age_{18}_annually#mongolia#27,386 {1996 est.})
(defense_defense_expenditures#mongolia#exchange rate conversion - $22.8 million, 1% of GDP {1992})
(header_affiliation#montserrat#{dependent territory of the UK})
(geography_location#montserrat#Caribbean, island in the Caribbean Sea, southeast of Puerto Rico)
(geography_geographic_coordinates#montserrat#16 45 N, 62 12 W)
(geography_map_references#montserrat#Central America and the Caribbean)
(geography_area_total_area#montserrat#100 sq km)
(geography_area_land_area#montserrat#100 sq km)
(geography_area_comparative_area#montserrat#about 0.6 times the size of Washington, DC)
(geography_land_boundaries#montserrat#0 km)
(geography_coastline#montserrat#40 km)
(geography_maritime_claims_exclusive_fishing_zone#montserrat#200 nm)
(geography_maritime_claims_territorial_sea#montserrat#3 nm)
(geography_international_disputes#montserrat#none)
(geography_climate#montserrat#tropical; little daily or seasonal temperature variation)
(geography_terrain#montserrat#volcanic islands, mostly mountainous, with small coastal lowland)
(geography_terrain_lowest_point#montserrat#Caribbean Sea 0 m)
(geography_terrain_highest_point#montserrat#Chances Peak 914 m)
(geography_natural_resources#montserrat#NEGL)
(geography_land_use_arable_land#montserrat#20%)
(geography_land_use_permanent_crops#montserrat#0%)
(geography_land_use_meadows_and_pastures#montserrat#10%)
(geography_land_use_forest_and_woodland#montserrat#40%)
(geography_land_use_other#montserrat#30%)
(geography_irrigated_land#montserrat#NA sq km)
(geography_environment_current_issues#montserrat#land erosion occurs on slopes that have been cleared for cultivation)
(geography_environment_natural_hazards#montserrat#severe hurricanes {June to November}; volcanic eruptions {there are seven active volcanoes on the island})
(geography_environment_international_agreements#montserrat#NA)
(people_population#montserrat#12,771 {July 1996 est.})
(people_age_structure_0-14_years#montserrat#NA)
(people_age_structure_15-64_years#montserrat#NA)
(people_age_structure_65_years_and_over#montserrat#NA)
(people_population_growth_rate#montserrat#0.28% {1996 est.})
(people_birth_rate#montserrat#15.08 births/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_death_rate#montserrat#9.83 deaths/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_net_migration_rate#montserrat#-2.47 migrant{s}/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_sex_ratio_at_birth#montserrat#NA male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_under_15_years#montserrat#NA male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_15-64_years#montserrat#NA male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_65_years_and_over#montserrat#NA male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_all_ages#montserrat#NA male{s}/female)
(people_infant_mortality_rate#montserrat#11.78 deaths/1,000 live births {1996 est.})
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_total_population#montserrat#75.65 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_male#montserrat#73.89 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_female#montserrat#77.46 years {1996 est.})
(people_total_fertility_rate#montserrat#1.93 children born/woman {1996 est.})
(people_nationality_noun#montserrat#Montserratian{s})
(people_nationality_adjective#montserrat#Montserratian)
(people_ethnic_divisions#montserrat#black, Europeans)
(people_religions#montserrat#Anglican, Methodist, Roman Catholic, Pentecostal, Seventh-Day Adventist, other Christian denominations)
(people_languages#montserrat#English)
(people_literacy#montserrat#age 15 and over has ever attended school {1970 est.})
(people_literacy_total_population#montserrat#97%)
(people_literacy_male#montserrat#97%)
(people_literacy_female#montserrat#97%)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_long_form#montserrat#none)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_short_form#montserrat#Montserrat)
(government_data_code#montserrat#MH)
(government_type_of_government#montserrat#dependent territory of the UK)
(government_capital#montserrat#Plymouth)
(government_administrative_divisions#montserrat#3 parishes; Saint Anthony, Saint Georges, Saint Peter's)
(government_independence#montserrat#none {dependent territory of the UK})
(government_national_holiday#montserrat#Celebration of the Birthday of the Queen {second Saturday of June})
(government_constitution#montserrat#present constitution came into force 19 December 1989)
(government_legal_system#montserrat#English common law and statute law)
(government_suffrage#montserrat#18 years of age; universal)
(government_executive_branch_chief_of_state#montserrat#Queen ELIZABETH II {of the United Kingdom since 6 February 1952}, represented by Governor Frank SAVAGE {since NA February 1993} was appointed by the queen)
(government_executive_branch_head_of_government#montserrat#Chief Minister Reuben T. MEADE {since NA October 1991})
(government_executive_branch_cabinet#montserrat#Executive Council consists of the governor, the chief minister, three other ministries, the attorney general, and the finance secretary)
(government_legislative_branch#montserrat#unicameral)
(government_legislative_council#montserrat#elections last held 8 October 1991 {next to be held NA}; results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - {11 total, 7 elected} NPP 4, NDP 1, PLM 1, independent 1)
(government_judicial_branch#montserrat#Eastern Caribbean Supreme Court {based in Saint Lucia})
(government_political_parties_and_leaders#montserrat#National Progressive Party {NPP}, Reuben T. MEADE; People's Liberation Movement {PLM}, Noel TUITT; National Development Party {NDP}, Bertrand OSBORNE)
(government_international_organization_participation#montserrat#Caricom, CDB, ECLAC {associate}, ICFTU, Interpol {subbureau}, OECS, WCL)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us#montserrat#none {dependent territory of the UK})
(government_us_diplomatic_representation#montserrat#none {dependent territory of the UK})
(government_flag#montserrat#blue with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side quadrant and the Montserratian coat of arms centered in the outer half of the flag; the coat of arms features a woman standing beside a yellow harp with her arm around a black cross)
(economy_economic_overview#montserrat#The economy is small and open, with economic activity centered on tourism and related services. Tourism accounts for roughly one-quarter of Montserrat's national income. The island's main export is electronic components which are mainly shipped to the US. The agriculture sector is small; cabbages, carrots, cucumbers, and onions are grown for the domestic market; additionally, some hot peppers and live plants are exported to the US and Europe. The threat of a volcanic eruption in late 1995 led to the repeated evacuation of Montserrat's capital, Plymouth, and deep ash from the volcano destroyed much of the yearend crops. As a result, production in 1995 dropped precipitously. The likely slow recovery of tourism and the continued danger of an eruption dim the prospects for rapid recovery in 1996.)
(economy_gdp#montserrat#purchasing power parity - $55.6 million {1994 est.})
(economy_gdp_real_growth_rate#montserrat#0.5% {1994 est.})
(economy_gdp_per_capita#montserrat#$4,500 {1994 est.})
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_agriculture#montserrat#4.8%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_industry#montserrat#18.4%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_services#montserrat#76.8% {1990 est.})
(economy_inflation_rate_{consumer_prices}#montserrat#9.6% {1994})
(economy_labor_force#montserrat#5,100)
(economy_labor_force_by_occupation#montserrat#community, social, and personal services 40.5%, construction 13.5%, trade, restaurants, and hotels 12.3%, manufacturing 10.5%, agriculture, forestry, and fishing 8.8%, other 14.4% {1983 est.})
(economy_unemployment_rate#montserrat#NA%)
(economy_budget_revenues#montserrat#$15.7 million)
(economy_budget_expenditures#montserrat#$15.6 million including capital expenditures of $NA {1994})
(economy_industries#montserrat#tourism, rum, textiles, electronic appliances)
(economy_industrial_production_growth_rate#montserrat#NA%)
(economy_electricity_capacity#montserrat#5,271 kW)
(economy_electricity_production#montserrat#17 million kWh)
(economy_electricity_consumption_per_capita#montserrat#1,106 kWh {1993})
(economy_agriculture#montserrat#tomatoes, onions, peppers; livestock products)
(economy_exports#montserrat#$2.3 million {f.o.b., 1994})
(economy_exports_commodities#montserrat#electronic components, plastic bags, apparel, hot peppers, live plants, cattle)
(economy_exports_partners#montserrat#US, Ireland)
(economy_imports#montserrat#$80.6 million {f.o.b., 1992})
(economy_imports_commodities#montserrat#machinery and transportation equipment, foodstuffs, manufactured goods, fuels, lubricants, and related materials)
(economy_imports_partners#montserrat#NA)
(economy_external_debt#montserrat#$10.2 million {December 1994})
(economy_economic_aid#montserrat#$NA)
(economy_currency#montserrat#1 EC dollar {EC$} = 100 cents)
(economy_exchange_rates#montserrat#East Caribbean dollars {EC$} per US$1 - 2.70 {fixed rate since 1976})
(economy_fiscal_year#montserrat#1 April - 31 March)
(transportation_railways#montserrat#0 km)
(transportation_highways_total#montserrat#280 km)
(transportation_highways_paved#montserrat#200 km)
(transportation_highways_unpaved#montserrat#80 km)
(transportation_ports#montserrat#Plymouth)
(transportation_merchant_marine#montserrat#none)
(transportation_airports_total#montserrat#1)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_914_to_1,523_m#montserrat#1 {1995 est.})
(communications_telephones#montserrat#3,000)
(communications_telephone_system_domestic#montserrat#NA)
(communications_telephone_system_international#montserrat#NA)
(communications_radio_broadcast_stations#montserrat#AM 8, FM 4, shortwave 0)
(communications_radios#montserrat#6,000 {1992 est.})
(communications_television_broadcast_stations#montserrat#1)
(communications_televisions#montserrat#2,000 {1992 est.})
(defense_branches#montserrat#Police Force)
(defense_defense_note#montserrat#defense is the responsibility of the UK)
(geography_location#morocco#Northern Africa, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea, between Algeria and Western Sahara)
(geography_geographic_coordinates#morocco#32 00 N, 5 00 W)
(geography_map_references#morocco#Africa)
(geography_area_total_area#morocco#446,550 sq km)
(geography_area_land_area#morocco#446,300 sq km)
(geography_area_comparative_area#morocco#slightly larger than California)
(geography_land_boundaries_total#morocco#2,002 km)
(geography_land_boundaries_border_countries#morocco#Algeria 1,559 km, Western Sahara 443 km)
(geography_land_boundaries_note#morocco#excludes the length of the boundary between the places of sovereignty and Morocco)
(geography_coastline#morocco#1,835 km)
(geography_maritime_claims_contiguous_zone#morocco#24 nm)
(geography_maritime_claims_continental_shelf#morocco#200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation)
(geography_maritime_claims_exclusive_economic_zone#morocco#200 nm)
(geography_maritime_claims_territorial_sea#morocco#12 nm)
(geography_international_disputes#morocco#claims and administers Western Sahara, but sovereignty is unresolved and the UN is attempting to hold a referendum on the issue; the UN-administered cease-fire has been in effect since September 1991; Spain controls five places of sovereignty {plazas de soberania} on and off the coast of Morocco - the coastal enclaves of Ceuta and Melilla which Morocco contests as well as the islands of Penon de Alhucemas, Penon de Velez de la Gomera, and Islas Chafarinas)
(geography_climate#morocco#Mediterranean, becoming more extreme in the interior)
(geography_terrain#morocco#northern coast and interior are mountainous with large areas of bordering plateaus, intermontane valleys, and rich coastal plains)
(geography_terrain_lowest_point#morocco#Sebkha Tah -55 m)
(geography_terrain_highest_point#morocco#Jebel Toubkal 4,165 m)
(geography_natural_resources#morocco#phosphates, iron ore, manganese, lead, zinc, fish, salt)
(geography_land_use_arable_land#morocco#18%)
(geography_land_use_permanent_crops#morocco#1%)
(geography_land_use_meadows_and_pastures#morocco#28%)
(geography_land_use_forest_and_woodland#morocco#12%)
(geography_land_use_other#morocco#41%)
(geography_irrigated_land#morocco#12,650 sq km {1989 est.})
(geography_environment_current_issues#morocco#land degradation/desertification {soil erosion resulting from farming of marginal areas, overgrazing, destruction of vegetation}; water supplies contaminated by raw sewage; siltation of reservoirs; oil pollution of coastal waters)
(geography_environment_natural_hazards#morocco#northern mountains geologically unstable and subject to earthquakes; periodic droughts)
(geography_environment_international_agreements#morocco#party to - Biodiversity, Climate Change, Endangered Species, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands; signed, but not ratified - Desertification, Environmental Modification, Law of the Sea)
(geography_geographic_note#morocco#strategic location along Strait of Gibraltar)
(people_population#morocco#29,779,156 {July 1996 est.})
(people_age_structure_0-14_years#morocco#38% {male 5,696,731; female 5,522,077})
(people_age_structure_15-64_years#morocco#58% {male 8,577,918; female 8,700,521})
(people_age_structure_65_years_and_over#morocco#4% {male 613,712; female 668,197} {July 1996 est.})
(people_population_growth_rate#morocco#2.05% {1996 est.})
(people_birth_rate#morocco#27.39 births/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_death_rate#morocco#5.77 deaths/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_net_migration_rate#morocco#-1.08 migrant{s}/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_sex_ratio_at_birth#morocco#1.05 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_under_15_years#morocco#1.03 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_15-64_years#morocco#0.99 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_65_years_and_over#morocco#0.92 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_all_ages#morocco#1 male{s}/female {1996 est.})
(people_infant_mortality_rate#morocco#43.2 deaths/1,000 live births {1996 est.})
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_total_population#morocco#69.52 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_male#morocco#67.53 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_female#morocco#71.61 years {1996 est.})
(people_total_fertility_rate#morocco#3.58 children born/woman {1996 est.})
(people_nationality_noun#morocco#Moroccan{s})
(people_nationality_adjective#morocco#Moroccan)
(people_ethnic_divisions#morocco#Arab-Berber 99.1%, other 0.7%, Jewish 0.2%)
(people_religions#morocco#Muslim 98.7%, Christian 1.1%, Jewish 0.2%)
(people_languages#morocco#Arabic {official}, Berber dialects, French often the language of business, government, and diplomacy)
(people_literacy#morocco#age 15 and over can read and write {1995 est.})
(people_literacy_total_population#morocco#43.7%)
(people_literacy_male#morocco#56.6%)
(people_literacy_female#morocco#31%)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_long_form#morocco#Kingdom of Morocco)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_short_form#morocco#Morocco)
(government_name_of_country_local_long_form#morocco#Al Mamlakah al Maghribiyah)
(government_name_of_country_local_short_form#morocco#Al Maghrib)
(government_data_code#morocco#MO)
(government_type_of_government#morocco#constitutional monarchy)
(government_capital#morocco#Rabat)
(government_administrative_divisions#morocco#36 provinces and 5 wilayas*; Agadir, Al Hoceima, Assa-Zag, Azilal, Beni Mellal, Ben Slimane, Boulemane, Casablanca*, Chaouen, El Jadida, El Kelaa des Srarhna, Er Rachidia, Essaouira, Es Smara, Fes*, Figuig, Guelmim, Ifrane, Kenitra, Khemisset, Khenifra, Khouribga, Laayoune, Larache, Marrakech*, Meknes*, Nador, Ouarzazate, Oujda, Rabat-Sale*, Safi, Settat, Sidi Kacem, Tanger, Tan-Tan, Taounate, Taroudannt, Tata, Taza, Tetouan, Tiznit)
(government_independence#morocco#2 March 1956 {from France})
(government_national_holiday#morocco#National Day, 3 March {1961} {anniversary of King HASSAN II's accession to the throne})
(government_constitution#morocco#10 March 1972, revised 4 September 1992)
(government_legal_system#morocco#based on Islamic law and French and Spanish civil law system; judicial review of legislative acts in Constitutional Chamber of Supreme Court)
(government_suffrage#morocco#21 years of age; universal)
(government_executive_branch_chief_of_state#morocco#King HASSAN II {since 3 March 1961} is a hereditary monarch)
(government_executive_branch_head_of_government#morocco#Prime Minister Abdellatif FILALI {since 29 May 1994} was appointed by the king)
(government_executive_branch_cabinet#morocco#Council of Ministers was appointed by the king)
(government_legislative_branch#morocco#unicameral)
(government_chamber_of_representatives_{majlis_nawab}#morocco#two-thirds elected by direct, universal suffrage and one-third by an electoral college of government, professional, and labor representatives; direct, popular elections last held 15 June 1993 {next to be held NA 1999}; results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - {333 total, 222 directly elected} USFP 48, IP 43, MP 33, RNI 28, UC 27, PND 14, MNP 14, PPS 6, PDI 3, SAP 2, PA 2, OADP 2; indirect, special interest elections last held 17 September 1993 {next to be held NA 1999}; results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - {333 total, 111 indirectly elected} UC 27, MP 18, RNI 13, MNP 11, PND 10, IP 7, Party of Shura and Istiqlal 6, USFP 4, PPS 4, CDT 4, UTM 3, UGTM 2, SAP 2)
(government_judicial_branch#morocco#Supreme Court, judges are appointed on the recommendation of the Supreme Council of the Judiciary, presided over by the king)
(government_political_parties_and_leaders_opposition#morocco#Socialist Union of Popular Forces {USFP}, Mohammad al-YAZGHI; Istiqlal Party {IP}, M'Hamed BOUCETTA; Party of Progress and Socialism {PPS}, Ali YATA; Organization of Democratic and Popular Action {OADP}, Mohamed Ben SAID)
(government_political_parties_and_leaders_pro-government#morocco#Constitutional Union {UC}, Maati BOUABID; Popular Movement {MP}, Mohamed LAENSER; National Democratic Party {PND}, Mohamed Arsalane EL-JADIDI; National Popular Movement {MNP}, Mahjoubi AHARDANE)
(government_political_parties_and_leaders_independents#morocco#National Rally of Independents {RNI}, Ahmed OSMAN; Democracy and Istiqlal Party {PDI}, leader NA; Action Party {PA}, Abdullah SENHAJI; Non-Obedience Candidates {SAP}, leader NA)
(government_political_parties_and_leaders_labor_unions_and_community_organizations_{indirect_elections_only}#morocco#Democratic Confederation of Labor {CDT}, Nabir AMAOUI; General Union of Moroccan Workers {UGTM}, Abderrazzak AFILAL; Moroccan Union of Workers {UTM}, leader NA; Party of Shura and Istiqlal, leader NA)
(government_international_organization_participation#morocco#ABEDA, ACCT {associate}, AfDB, AFESD, AL, AMF, AMU, CCC, EBRD, ECA, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, IOM {observer}, ISO, ITU, NAM, OAS {observer}, OIC, OSCE {partner}, UN, UNAVEM III, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_chief_of_mission#morocco#Ambassador Mohamed BENAISSA)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_chancery#morocco#1601 21st Street NW, Washington, DC 20009)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_telephone#morocco#[1] {202} 462-7979 through 7982)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_fax#morocco#[1] {202} 265-0161)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_consulate{s}_general#morocco#New York)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_chief_of_mission#morocco#Ambassador Marc C. GINSBERG)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_embassy#morocco#2 Avenue de Marrakech, Rabat)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_mailing_address#morocco#PSC 74, Box 003, APO AE 09718)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_telephone#morocco#[212] {7} 76 22 65)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_fax#morocco#[212] {7} 76 56 61)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_consulate{s}_general#morocco#Casablanca)
(government_flag#morocco#red with a green pentacle {five-pointed, linear star} known as Solomon's seal in the center of the flag; green is the traditional color of Islam)
(economy_economic_overview#morocco#Morocco faces the typical problems of developing countries - restraining government spending, reducing constraints on private activity and foreign trade, and keeping inflation within bounds. Since the early 1980s the government has pursued an economic program toward these objectives with the support of the IMF, the World Bank, and the Paris Club of creditors. The economy has substantial assets to draw on: the world's largest phosphate reserves, diverse agricultural and fishing resources, a sizable tourist industry, a growing manufacturing sector, and remittances from Moroccans working abroad. A severe drought in 1992-93 depressed economic activity and held down exports. Real GDP contracted by 4.4% in 1992 and 1.1% in 1993. Despite these setbacks, initiatives to relax capital controls, strengthen the banking sector, and privatize state enterprises went forward in 1993-94. Favorable rainfall in 1994 boosted agricultural production by 40%. In 1995, Morocco suffered from a drought said to be the worst in 30 years. Servicing the large debt, high unemployment, and vulnerability to external economic forces remain long-term problems for Morocco.)
(economy_gdp#morocco#purchasing power parity - $87.4 billion {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_real_growth_rate#morocco#-6.5% {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_per_capita#morocco#$3,000 {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_agriculture#morocco#14.3%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_industry#morocco#32.2%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_services#morocco#53.5% {1993 est.})
(economy_inflation_rate_{consumer_prices}#morocco#5.4% {1994})
(economy_labor_force#morocco#7.4 million)
(economy_labor_force_by_occupation#morocco#agriculture 50%, services 26%, industry 15%, other 9% {1985})
(economy_unemployment_rate#morocco#16% {1994 est.})
(economy_budget_revenues#morocco#$8.1 billion)
(economy_budget_expenditures#morocco#$8.9 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA {1994 est.})
(economy_industries#morocco#phosphate rock mining and processing, food processing, leather goods, textiles, construction, tourism)
(economy_industrial_production_growth_rate#morocco#0.1%)
(economy_electricity_capacity#morocco#2,620,000 kW)
(economy_electricity_production#morocco#9.9 billion kWh)
(economy_electricity_consumption_per_capita#morocco#361 kWh {1993})
(economy_agriculture#morocco#barley, wheat, citrus, wine, vegetables, olives; livestock)
(economy_illicit_drugs#morocco#illicit producer of hashish; trafficking on the increase for both domestic and international drug markets; shipments of hashish mostly directed to Western Europe; transit point for cocaine from South America destined for Western Europe)
(economy_exports#morocco#$4 billion {f.o.b., 1994})
(economy_exports_commodities#morocco#food and beverages 30%, semiprocessed goods 23%, consumer goods 21%, phosphates 17%)
(economy_exports_partners#morocco#EC 70%, Japan 5%, US 4%, Libya 3%, India 2% {1993})
(economy_imports#morocco#$7.2 billion {c.i.f., 1994})
(economy_imports_commodities#morocco#capital goods 24%, semiprocessed goods 22%, raw materials 16%, fuel and lubricants 16%, food and beverages 13%, consumer goods 9%)
(economy_imports_partners#morocco#EC 59%, US 8%, Saudi Arabia 5%, UAE 3%, Russia 2% {1993})
(economy_external_debt#morocco#$20.5 billion {1994 est.})
(economy_economic_aid_recipient#morocco#ODA, $297 million {1993})
(economy_economic_aid_note#morocco#$2.8 billion debt canceled by Saudi Arabia {1991})
(economy_currency#morocco#1 Moroccan dirham {DH} = 100 centimes)
(economy_exchange_rates#morocco#Moroccan dirhams {DH} per US$1 - 8.607 {January 1996}, 8.540 {1995}, 9.203 {1994}, 9.299 {1993}, 8.538 {1992}, 8.707 {1991})
(economy_fiscal_year#morocco#calendar year)
(transportation_railways_total#morocco#1,907 km)
(transportation_railways_standard_gauge#morocco#1,907 km 1.435-m gauge {1003 km electrified; 246 km double track} {1994})
(transportation_highways_total#morocco#59,474 km)
(transportation_highways_paved#morocco#29,440 km {including 73 km of expressways})
(transportation_highways_unpaved#morocco#30,034 km {1991 est.})
(transportation_pipelines#morocco#crude oil 362 km; petroleum products 491 km {abandoned}; natural gas 241 km)
(transportation_ports#morocco#Agadir, Al Jadida, Casablanca, El Jorf Lasfar, Kenitra, Mohammedia, Nador, Rabat, Safi, Tangier; also Spanish-controlled Ceuta and Melilla)
(transportation_merchant_marine_total#morocco#37 ships {1,000 GRT or over} totaling 175,962 GRT/257,449 DWT)
(transportation_merchant_marine_ships_by_type#morocco#cargo 8, chemical tanker 7, container 2, oil tanker 4, refrigerated cargo 9, roll-on/roll-off cargo 6, short-sea passenger 1 {1995 est.})
(transportation_airports_total#morocco#63)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_over_3,047_m#morocco#11)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_2,438_to_3,047_m#morocco#4)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_1,524_to_2,437_m#morocco#7)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_914_to_1,523_m#morocco#2)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_under_914_m#morocco#12)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_2,438_to_3,047_m#morocco#1)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_1,524_to_2,437_m#morocco#11)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_914_to_1,523_m#morocco#15 {1995 est.})
(transportation_heliports#morocco#1 {1995 est.})
(communications_telephones#morocco#270,100 {1987 est.})
(communications_telephone_system_domestic#morocco#good system composed of open-wire lines, cables, and microwave radio relay links; principal centers are Casablanca and Rabat; secondary centers are Fes, Marrakech, Oujda, Tangier, and Tetouan)
(communications_telephone_system_international#morocco#5 submarine cables; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat {Atlantic Ocean} and 1 Arabsat; microwave radio relay to Gibraltar, Spain, and Western Sahara; coaxial cable and microwave radio relay to Algeria; participant in Medarabtel)
(communications_radio_broadcast_stations#morocco#AM 20, FM 7, shortwave 0)
(communications_radios#morocco#5.527 million {1992 est.})
(communications_television_broadcast_stations#morocco#26 {repeaters 26})
(communications_televisions#morocco#1.21 million {1993 est.})
(defense_branches#morocco#Royal Moroccan Army, Royal Moroccan Navy, Royal Moroccan Air Force, Royal Gendarmerie, Auxiliary Forces)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_age_15-49#morocco#7,541,745)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_fit_for_military_service#morocco#4,782,028)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_reach_military_age_{18}_annually#morocco#330,344 {1996 est.})
(defense_defense_expenditures#morocco#exchange rate conversion - $1.38 billion, 4.1% of GDP {1995})
(geography_location#mozambique#Southern Africa, bordering the Mozambique Channel, between South Africa and Tanzania)
(geography_geographic_coordinates#mozambique#18 15 S, 35 00 E)
(geography_map_references#mozambique#Africa)
(geography_area_total_area#mozambique#801,590 sq km)
(geography_area_land_area#mozambique#784,090 sq km)
(geography_area_comparative_area#mozambique#slightly less than twice the size of California)
(geography_land_boundaries_total#mozambique#4,571 km)
(geography_land_boundaries_border_countries#mozambique#Malawi 1,569 km, South Africa 491 km, Swaziland 105 km, Tanzania 756 km, Zambia 419 km, Zimbabwe 1,231 km)
(geography_coastline#mozambique#2,470 km)
(geography_maritime_claims_exclusive_economic_zone#mozambique#200 nm)
(geography_maritime_claims_territorial_sea#mozambique#12 nm)
(geography_international_disputes#mozambique#none)
(geography_climate#mozambique#tropical to subtropical)
(geography_terrain#mozambique#mostly coastal lowlands, uplands in center, high plateaus in northwest, mountains in west)
(geography_terrain_lowest_point#mozambique#Indian Ocean 0 m)
(geography_terrain_highest_point#mozambique#Monte Binga 2,436 m)
(geography_natural_resources#mozambique#coal, titanium, natural gas)
(geography_land_use_arable_land#mozambique#4%)
(geography_land_use_permanent_crops#mozambique#0%)
(geography_land_use_meadows_and_pastures#mozambique#56%)
(geography_land_use_forest_and_woodland#mozambique#20%)
(geography_land_use_other#mozambique#20%)
(geography_irrigated_land#mozambique#1,150 sq km {1989 est.})
(geography_environment_current_issues#mozambique#civil strife and recurrent drought in the hinterlands have resulted in increased migration to urban and coastal areas with adverse environmental consequences; desertification; pollution of surface and coastal waters)
(geography_environment_natural_hazards#mozambique#severe droughts and floods occur in central and southern provinces; devastating cyclones)
(geography_environment_international_agreements#mozambique#party to - Biodiversity, Climate Change, Endangered Species, Ozone Layer Protection; signed, but not ratified - Desertification, Law of the Sea)
(people_population#mozambique#17,877,927 {July 1996 est.})
(people_age_structure_0-14_years#mozambique#46% {male 4,141,915; female 4,115,191})
(people_age_structure_15-64_years#mozambique#51% {male 4,324,102; female 4,868,518})
(people_age_structure_65_years_and_over#mozambique#3% {male 184,606; female 243,595} {July 1996 est.})
(people_population_growth_rate#mozambique#2.65% {1996 est.})
(people_birth_rate#mozambique#45.51 births/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_death_rate#mozambique#18.97 deaths/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_net_migration_rate#mozambique#0 migrant{s}/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_net_migration_rate_note#mozambique#by the end of 1994, an estimated 1.6 million Mozambican refugees, who fled to Malawi, Zimbabwe, and South Africa in earlier years from the civil war, had returned; an estimated 100,000 refugees remain to be repatriated from those countries)
(people_sex_ratio_at_birth#mozambique#1.03 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_under_15_years#mozambique#1.01 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_15-64_years#mozambique#0.89 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_65_years_and_over#mozambique#0.76 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_all_ages#mozambique#0.94 male{s}/female {1996 est.})
(people_infant_mortality_rate#mozambique#125.6 deaths/1,000 live births {1996 est.})
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_total_population#mozambique#44.34 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_male#mozambique#43.21 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_female#mozambique#45.5 years {1996 est.})
(people_total_fertility_rate#mozambique#6.23 children born/woman {1996 est.})
(people_nationality_noun#mozambique#Mozambican{s})
(people_nationality_adjective#mozambique#Mozambican)
(people_ethnic_divisions#mozambique#indigenous tribal groups 99.66% {Shangaan, Chokwe, Manyika, Sena, Makua, and others}, Europeans 0.06%, Euro-Africans 0.2%, Indians 0.08%)
(people_religions#mozambique#indigenous beliefs 50%, Christian 30%, Muslim 20%)
(people_languages#mozambique#Portuguese {official}, indigenous dialects)
(people_literacy#mozambique#age 15 and over can read and write {1995 est.})
(people_literacy_total_population#mozambique#40.1%)
(people_literacy_male#mozambique#57.7%)
(people_literacy_female#mozambique#23.3%)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_long_form#mozambique#Republic of Mozambique)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_short_form#mozambique#Mozambique)
(government_name_of_country_local_long_form#mozambique#Republica Popular de Mocambique)
(government_name_of_country_local_short_form#mozambique#Mocambique)
(government_data_code#mozambique#MZ)
(government_type_of_government#mozambique#republic)
(government_capital#mozambique#Maputo)
(government_administrative_divisions#mozambique#10 provinces {provincias, singular - provincia}; Cabo Delgado, Gaza, Inhambane, Manica, Maputo, Nampula, Niassa, Sofala, Tete, Zambezia)
(government_independence#mozambique#25 June 1975 {from Portugal})
(government_national_holiday#mozambique#Independence Day, 25 June {1975})
(government_constitution#mozambique#30 November 1990)
(government_legal_system#mozambique#based on Portuguese civil law system and customary law)
(government_suffrage#mozambique#18 years of age; universal)
(government_executive_branch_chief_of_state#mozambique#President Joaquim Alberto CHISSANO {since 6 November 1986} was elected for a five-year term by popular vote)
(government_executive_branch_head_of_government#mozambique#Prime Minister Pascoal MOCUMBI {since December 1994} was appointed by the president)
(government_executive_branch_cabinet#mozambique#Cabinet)
(government_legislative_branch#mozambique#unicameral)
(government_assembly_of_the_republic_{assembleia_da_republica}#mozambique#the members are elected by direct, universal, adult suffrage on a secret ballot for a term of five years; election last held 27-29 October 1994 {next to be held NA October 1999}; results - percent vote by party NA, seats {250 total} FRELIMO won a slim majority)
(government_assembly_of_the_republic_{assembleia_da_republica}_note#mozambique#the presidential and legislative elections took place as called for in the 1992 peace accords; RENAMO participated in the elections)
(government_judicial_branch#mozambique#Supreme Court, judges appointed by the president and judges elected by the Assembly)
(government_political_parties_and_leaders#mozambique#Front for the Liberation of Mozambique {FRELIMO}, Joaquim Alberto CHISSANO, chairman; Mozambique National Resistance {RENAMO}, Afonso DHLAKAMA, president; Democratic Union {DU}, Antonio PALANGE, General Secretary)
(government_international_organization_participation#mozambique#ACP, AfDB, CCC, ECA, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Inmarset, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, IOM {observer}, ITU, NAM, OAU, OIC, SADC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WMO, WTrO)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_chief_of_mission#mozambique#Ambassador Hipolito Pereira Zozimo PATRICIO)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_chancery#mozambique#Suite 570, 1990 M Street NW, Washington, DC 20036)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_telephone#mozambique#[1] {202} 293-7146)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_fax#mozambique#[1] {202} 835-0245)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_chief_of_mission#mozambique#Ambassador Dennis Coleman JETT)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_embassy#mozambique#Avenida Kenneth Kuanda 193, Maputo)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_mailing_address#mozambique#P. O. Box 783, Maputo)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_telephone#mozambique#[258] {1} 492797)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_fax#mozambique#[258] {1} 490114)
(government_flag#mozambique#three equal horizontal bands of green {top}, black, and yellow with a red isosceles triangle based on the hoist side; the black band is edged in white; centered in the triangle is a yellow five-pointed star bearing a crossed rifle and hoe in black superimposed on an open white book)
(economy_economic_overview#mozambique#One of Africa's poorest countries, Mozambique has failed to exploit the economic potential of its sizable agricultural, hydropower, and transportation resources. Indeed, national output, consumption, and investment declined throughout the first half of the 1980s because of internal disorders, lack of government administrative control, and a growing foreign debt. A sharp increase in foreign aid, attracted by an economic reform policy, resulted in successive years of economic growth in the late 1980s, but aid has declined steadily since 1989. Agricultural output is at only 75% of its 1981 level, and grain has to be imported. Industry operates at only 20%-40% of capacity. The economy depends heavily on foreign assistance to keep afloat. Peace accords between civil warring factions, signed in October 1992, improved chances of foreign investment, aided IMF-supported economic reforms, and supported continued economic recovery. Elections held in 1994 diverted government attention from the economy, resulting in slippage and delays in the economic reform program. Nonetheless, growth continued in 1994-95, and the economy should move forward in the late 1990s, given continued foreign help in meeting debt obligations. One key event in 1995 was the conclusion of negotiations with Enron of Houston, Texas, for a $700 million project to exploit the Pande natural gas fields.)
(economy_gdp#mozambique#purchasing power parity - $12.2 billion {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_real_growth_rate#mozambique#-2.5% {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_per_capita#mozambique#$700 {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_agriculture#mozambique#33%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_industry#mozambique#12%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_services#mozambique#55% {1993 est.})
(economy_inflation_rate_{consumer_prices}#mozambique#50% {1994 est.})
(economy_labor_force#mozambique#NA)
(economy_labor_force_by_occupation#mozambique#90% engaged in agriculture)
(economy_unemployment_rate#mozambique#50% {1989 est.})
(economy_budget_revenues#mozambique#$252 million)
(economy_budget_expenditures#mozambique#$607 million, including capital expenditures of $NA {1992 est.})
(economy_industries#mozambique#food, beverages, chemicals {fertilizer, soap, paints}, petroleum products, textiles, cement, glass, asbestos, tobacco)
(economy_industrial_production_growth_rate#mozambique#5.8% {1993 est.})
(economy_electricity_capacity#mozambique#2,360,000 kW)
(economy_electricity_production#mozambique#1.7 billion kWh)
(economy_electricity_consumption_per_capita#mozambique#58 kWh {1993})
(economy_agriculture#mozambique#cotton, cashew nuts, sugarcane, tea, cassava {tapioca}, corn, rice, tropical fruits; beef, poultry)
(economy_exports#mozambique#$170 million {f.o.b., 1995 est.})
(economy_exports_commodities#mozambique#shrimp 40%, cashews, cotton, sugar, copra, citrus)
(economy_exports_partners#mozambique#Spain, South Africa, US, Portugal, Japan)
(economy_imports#mozambique#$1.14 billion {c.i.f., 1994 est.})
(economy_imports_commodities#mozambique#food, clothing, farm equipment, petroleum)
(economy_imports_partners#mozambique#South Africa, UK, France, Japan, Portugal)
(economy_external_debt#mozambique#$5 billion {1992 est.})
(economy_economic_aid_recipient#mozambique#ODA, $NA)
(economy_currency#mozambique#1 metical {Mt} = 100 centavos)
(economy_exchange_rates#mozambique#meticais {Mt} per US$1 - 10,908.0 {December 1995}, 9,024.3 {1995}, 6,038.6 {1994}, 3,874.2 {1993}, 2,516.5 {1992}, 1,434.5 {1991})
(economy_fiscal_year#mozambique#calendar year)
(transportation_railways_total#mozambique#3,131 km)
(transportation_railways_narrow_gauge#mozambique#2,988 km 1.067-m gauge; 143 km 0.762-m gauge {1994})
(transportation_highways_total#mozambique#27,287 km)
(transportation_highways_paved#mozambique#4,693 km)
(transportation_highways_unpaved#mozambique#22,594 km {1991 est.})
(transportation_highways_note#mozambique#highway traffic impeded by land mines not removed at end of civil war)
(transportation_waterways#mozambique#about 3,750 km of navigable routes)
(transportation_pipelines#mozambique#crude oil {not operating} 306 km; petroleum products 289 km)
(transportation_ports#mozambique#Beira, Inhambane, Maputo, Nacala, Pemba)
(transportation_merchant_marine_total#mozambique#4 cargo ships {1,000 GRT or over} totaling 5,694 GRT/9,724 DWT {1995 est.})
(transportation_airports#mozambique#131)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_over_3,047_m#mozambique#1)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_2,438_to_3,047_m#mozambique#4)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_1,524_to_2,437_m#mozambique#10)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_914_to_1,523_m#mozambique#5)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_under_914_m#mozambique#67)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_1,524_to_2,437_m#mozambique#12)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_914_to_1,523_m#mozambique#32 {1995 est.})
(communications_telephones#mozambique#59,000 {1983 est.})
(communications_telephone_system#mozambique#fair system of tropospheric scatter, open-wire lines, and microwave radio relay)
(communications_telephone_system_domestic#mozambique#microwave radio relay and tropospheric scatter)
(communications_telephone_system_international#mozambique#satellite earth stations - 5 Intelsat {2 Atlantic Ocean and 3 Indian Ocean})
(communications_radio_broadcast_stations#mozambique#AM 29, FM 4, shortwave 0)
(communications_radios#mozambique#700,000 {1992 est.})
(communications_television_broadcast_stations#mozambique#1)
(communications_televisions#mozambique#44,000 {1992 est.})
(defense_branches#mozambique#Army, Naval Command, Air and Air Defense Forces, Militia)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_age_15-49#mozambique#3,767,855)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_fit_for_military_service#mozambique#2,162,388 {1996 est.})
(defense_defense_expenditures#mozambique#exchange rate conversion - $84 million, 5.3% of GDP {1994})
(geography_location#namibia#Southern Africa, bordering the South Atlantic Ocean, between Angola and South Africa)
(geography_geographic_coordinates#namibia#22 00 S, 17 00 E)
(geography_map_references#namibia#Africa)
(geography_area_total_area#namibia#825,418 sq km)
(geography_area_land_area#namibia#825,418 sq km)
(geography_area_comparative_area#namibia#slightly more than half the size of Alaska)
(geography_land_boundaries_total#namibia#3,824 km)
(geography_land_boundaries_border_countries#namibia#Angola 1,376 km, Botswana 1,360 km, South Africa 855 km, Zambia 233 km)
(geography_coastline#namibia#1,572 km)
(geography_maritime_claims_contiguous_zone#namibia#24 nm)
(geography_maritime_claims_exclusive_economic_zone#namibia#200 nm)
(geography_maritime_claims_territorial_sea#namibia#12 nm)
(geography_international_disputes#namibia#short section of boundary with Botswana is indefinite; quadripoint with Botswana, Zambia, and Zimbabwe is in disagreement; dispute with Botswana over uninhabited Kasikili {Sidudu} Island in Linyanti {Chobe} River remained unresolved in December 1995, and the parties agreed to refer the matter to the ICJ)
(geography_climate#namibia#desert; hot, dry; rainfall sparse and erratic)
(geography_terrain#namibia#mostly high plateau; Namib Desert along coast; Kalahari Desert in east)
(geography_terrain_lowest_point#namibia#Atlantic Ocean 0 m)
(geography_terrain_highest_point#namibia#Konigstein 2,606 m)
(geography_natural_resources#namibia#diamonds, copper, uranium, gold, lead, tin, lithium, cadmium, zinc, salt, vanadium, natural gas, fish; suspected deposits of oil, natural gas, coal, iron ore)
(geography_land_use_arable_land#namibia#1%)
(geography_land_use_permanent_crops#namibia#0%)
(geography_land_use_meadows_and_pastures#namibia#64%)
(geography_land_use_forest_and_woodland#namibia#22%)
(geography_land_use_other#namibia#13%)
(geography_irrigated_land#namibia#40 sq km {1989 est.})
(geography_environment_current_issues#namibia#very limited natural fresh water resources; desertification)
(geography_environment_natural_hazards#namibia#prolonged periods of drought)
(geography_environment_international_agreements#namibia#party to - Climate Change, Endangered Species, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection; signed, but not ratified - Biodiversity, Desertification, Hazardous Wastes)
(people_population#namibia#1,677,243 {July 1996 est.})
(people_age_structure_0-14_years#namibia#44% {male 370,090; female 362,185})
(people_age_structure_15-64_years#namibia#52% {male 428,488; female 449,726})
(people_age_structure_65_years_and_over#namibia#4% {male 28,599; female 38,155} {July 1996 est.})
(people_population_growth_rate#namibia#2.93% {1996 est.})
(people_birth_rate#namibia#37.29 births/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_death_rate#namibia#7.98 deaths/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_net_migration_rate#namibia#0 migrant{s}/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_sex_ratio_at_birth#namibia#1.03 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_under_15_years#namibia#1.02 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_15-64_years#namibia#0.95 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_65_years_and_over#namibia#0.75 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_all_ages#namibia#0.97 male{s}/female {1996 est.})
(people_infant_mortality_rate#namibia#47.2 deaths/1,000 live births {1996 est.})
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_total_population#namibia#64.48 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_male#namibia#62.85 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_female#namibia#66.16 years {1996 est.})
(people_total_fertility_rate#namibia#5.1 children born/woman {1996 est.})
(people_nationality_noun#namibia#Namibian{s})
(people_nationality_adjective#namibia#Namibian)
(people_ethnic_divisions#namibia#black 86%, white 6.6%, mixed 7.4%)
(people_ethnic_divisions_note#namibia#about 50% of the population belong to the Ovambo tribe and 9% to the Kavangos tribe; other ethnic groups are: Herero 7%, Damara 7%, Nama 5%, Caprivian 4%, Bushmen 3%, Baster 2%, Tswana 0.5%)
(people_religions#namibia#Christian 80% to 90%, Lutheran 50% at least, other Christian denominations 30%, native religions 10% to 20%)
(people_languages#namibia#English 7% {official}, Afrikaans common language of most of the population and about 60% of the white population, German 32%, indigenous languages: Oshivambo, Herero, Nama)
(people_literacy#namibia#age 15 and over can read and write {1960 est.})
(people_literacy_total_population#namibia#38%)
(people_literacy_male#namibia#45%)
(people_literacy_female#namibia#31%)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_long_form#namibia#Republic of Namibia)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_short_form#namibia#Namibia)
(government_data_code#namibia#WA)
(government_type_of_government#namibia#republic)
(government_capital#namibia#Windhoek)
(government_administrative_divisions#namibia#13 regions; Erongo, Hardap, Karas, Khomas, Kunene, Caprivi {Liambezi}, Ohangwena, Okavango, Omaheke, Omusati, Oshana, Oshikoto, Otjozondjupa)
(government_independence#namibia#21 March 1990 {from South African mandate})
(government_national_holiday#namibia#Independence Day, 21 March {1990})
(government_constitution#namibia#ratified 9 February 1990; effective 12 March 1990)
(government_legal_system#namibia#based on Roman-Dutch law and 1990 constitution)
(government_suffrage#namibia#18 years of age; universal)
(government_executive_branch_chief_of_state_and_head_of_government#namibia#President Sam NUJOMA {since 21 March 1990} was elected for a five-year term by universal suffrage; election last held 7-8 December 1994 {next to be held NA December 1999}; results - Sam NUJOMA elected president; percent of vote NA)
(government_executive_branch_cabinet#namibia#Cabinet appointed by the president from the members of National Assembly)
(government_legislative_branch#namibia#bicameral legislature)
(government_national_council#namibia#elections last held 30 November-3 December 1992 {next to be held by December 1998}; results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - {26 total} SWAPO 19, DTA 6, UDF 1)
(government_national_assembly#namibia#elections last held 7-8 December 1994 {next to be held NA December 1999}; results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - {72 total} SWAPO 53, DTA 15, UDF 2, MAG 1, DCN 1)
(government_judicial_branch#namibia#Supreme Court)
(government_political_parties_and_leaders#namibia#South West Africa People's Organization {SWAPO}, Sam NUJOMA; SWAPO for Justice, Zacharia NJOMBA; DTA of Namibia {formerly Democratic Turnhalle Alliance} {DTA}, Mishake MUYONGO; United Democratic Front {UDF}, Justus GAROEB; Federal Convention of Namibia {FCN}, Keiphas CONRADIE; Monitor Action Group {MAG}, Kosie PRETORIUS; Workers Revolutionary Party {WRP}; Southwest African National Union {SWANU}, Hitjevi VEII; Democratic Coalition of Namibia {DCN}, Moses K. KATJIUONGUA; National Patriotic Front {NPF}, Moses K. KATJIUONGUA)
(government_other_political_or_pressure_groups#namibia#NA)
(government_international_organization_participation#namibia#ACP, AfDB, C, CCC, ECA, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, IOM {observer}, ITU, NAM, OAU, SACU, SADC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UPU, WCL, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTrO)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_chief_of_mission#namibia#Ambassador Tuliameni KALOMOH)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_chancery#namibia#1605 New Hampshire Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20009)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_telephone#namibia#[1] {202} 986-0540)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_fax#namibia#[1] {202} 986-0443)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_chief_of_mission#namibia#Ambassador Marshall F. McCALLIE)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_embassy#namibia#Ausplan Building, 14 Lossen St., Windhoek)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_mailing_address#namibia#Private Bag 12029 Ausspannplatz, Windhoek)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_telephone#namibia#[264] {61} 221601)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_fax#namibia#[264] {61} 229792)
(government_flag#namibia#a large blue triangle with a yellow sunburst fills the upper left section, and an equal green triangle {solid} fills the lower right section; the triangles are separated by a red stripe that is contrasted by two narrow white-edge borders)
(economy_economic_overview#namibia#The economy is heavily dependent on the extraction and processing of minerals for export. Mining accounts for almost 25% of GDP. Namibia is the fourth-largest exporter of nonfuel minerals in Africa and the world's fifth-largest producer of uranium. Rich alluvial diamond deposits make Namibia a primary source for gem-quality diamonds. Namibia also produces large quantities of lead, zinc, tin, silver, and tungsten. More than half the population depends on agriculture {largely subsistence agriculture} for its livelihood. Namibia must import some of its food.)
(economy_gdp#namibia#purchasing power parity - $5.8 billion {1994 est.})
(economy_gdp_real_growth_rate#namibia#6.6% {1994 est.})
(economy_gdp_per_capita#namibia#$3,600 {1994 est.})
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_agriculture#namibia#NA%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_industry#namibia#NA%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_services#namibia#NA%)
(economy_inflation_rate_{consumer_prices}#namibia#11% {1994})
(economy_labor_force#namibia#500,000)
(economy_labor_force_by_occupation#namibia#agriculture 60%, industry and commerce 19%, services 8%, government 7%, mining 6% {1981 est.})
(economy_unemployment_rate#namibia#35% in urban areas {1993 est.})
(economy_budget_revenues#namibia#$941 million)
(economy_budget_expenditures#namibia#$1.05 billion, including capital expenditures of $157 million {FY93/94})
(economy_industries#namibia#meat packing, fish processing, dairy products; mining {diamond, lead, zinc, tin, silver, tungsten, uranium, copper})
(economy_industrial_production_growth_rate#namibia#10% {1994})
(economy_electricity_capacity#namibia#406,000 kW)
(economy_electricity_production#namibia#1.29 billion kWh)
(economy_electricity_consumption_per_capita#namibia#658 kWh {1991})
(economy_agriculture#namibia#millet, sorghum, peanuts; livestock; fish catch potential of over 1 million metric tons not being fulfilled)
(economy_exports#namibia#$1.3 billion {f.o.b., 1993})
(economy_exports_commodities#namibia#diamonds, copper, gold, zinc, lead, uranium, cattle, processed fish, karakul skins)
(economy_exports_partners#namibia#Switzerland, South Africa, Germany, UK)
(economy_imports#namibia#$1.2 billion {f.o.b., 1993})
(economy_imports_commodities#namibia#foodstuffs, petroleum products and fuel, machinery and equipment)
(economy_imports_partners#namibia#South Africa, Germany, US, Japan)
(economy_external_debt#namibia#about $385 million {1994 est.})
(economy_economic_aid_recipient#namibia#ODA, $NA)
(economy_currency#namibia#1 South African rand {R} = 100 cents)
(economy_exchange_rates#namibia#South African rand {R} per US$1 - 3.6417 {January 1996}, 3.6266 {1995}, 3.5490 {1994}, 3.2636 {1993}, 2.8497 {1992}, 2.7653 {1991})
(economy_fiscal_year#namibia#1 April - 31 March)
(transportation_railways_total#namibia#2,382 km {1995})
(transportation_railways_narrow_gauge#namibia#2,382 km 1.067-m gauge; single track)
(transportation_highways_total#namibia#54,186 km)
(transportation_highways_paved#namibia#4,056 km)
(transportation_highways_unpaved#namibia#50,130 km {1987 est.})
(transportation_ports#namibia#Luderitz, Walvis Bay)
(transportation_merchant_marine#namibia#none)
(transportation_airports_total#namibia#108)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_over_3,047_m#namibia#2)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_2,438_to_3,047_m#namibia#2)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_1,524_to_2,437_m#namibia#14)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_914_to_1,523_m#namibia#3)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_under_914_m#namibia#10)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_2,438_to_3,047_m#namibia#2)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_1,524_to_2,437_m#namibia#17)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_914_to_1,523_m#namibia#58 {1995 est.})
(communications_telephones#namibia#89,722 {1992 est.})
(communications_telephone_system_domestic#namibia#good urban services; fair rural service; microwave radio relay links major towns; connections to other populated places are by open wire)
(communications_telephone_system_international#namibia#NA)
(communications_radio_broadcast_stations#namibia#AM 4, FM 40, shortwave 0)
(communications_radios#namibia#195,000 {1992 est.})
(communications_television_broadcast_stations#namibia#3)
(communications_televisions#namibia#27,000 {1993 est.})
(defense_branches#namibia#National Defense Force {Army}, Police)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_age_15-49#namibia#377,687)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_fit_for_military_service#namibia#224,682 {1996 est.})
(defense_defense_expenditures#namibia#exchange rate conversion - $64 million, 2.1% of GDP {FY95/96})
(geography_location#nauru#Oceania, island in the South Pacific Ocean, south of the Marshall Islands)
(geography_geographic_coordinates#nauru#0 32 S, 166 55 E)
(geography_map_references#nauru#Oceania)
(geography_area_total_area#nauru#21 sq km)
(geography_area_land_area#nauru#21 sq km)
(geography_area_comparative_area#nauru#about 0.1 times the size of Washington, DC)
(geography_land_boundaries#nauru#0 km)
(geography_coastline#nauru#30 km)
(geography_maritime_claims_exclusive_fishing_zone#nauru#200 nm)
(geography_maritime_claims_territorial_sea#nauru#12 nm)
(geography_international_disputes#nauru#none)
(geography_climate#nauru#tropical; monsoonal; rainy season {November to February})
(geography_terrain#nauru#sandy beach rises to fertile ring around raised coral reefs with phosphate plateau in center)
(geography_terrain_lowest_point#nauru#Pacific Ocean 0 m)
(geography_terrain_highest_point#nauru#unnamed location along plateau rim 61 m)
(geography_natural_resources#nauru#phosphates)
(geography_land_use_arable_land#nauru#0%)
(geography_land_use_permanent_crops#nauru#0%)
(geography_land_use_meadows_and_pastures#nauru#0%)
(geography_land_use_forest_and_woodland#nauru#0%)
(geography_land_use_other#nauru#100%)
(geography_irrigated_land#nauru#NA sq km)
(geography_environment_current_issues#nauru#limited natural fresh water resources, roof storage tanks collect rainwater; phosphate mining threatens limited remaining land resources)
(geography_environment_natural_hazards#nauru#periodic droughts)
(geography_environment_international_agreements#nauru#party to - Biodiversity, Climate Change, Marine Dumping; signed, but not ratified - Law of the Sea)
(geography_geographic_note#nauru#Nauru is one of the three great phosphate rock islands in the Pacific Ocean - the others are Banaba {Ocean Island} in Kiribati and Makatea in French Polynesia; only 53 km south of Equator)
(people_population#nauru#10,273 {July 1996 est.})
(people_age_structure_0-14_years#nauru#NA)
(people_age_structure_15-64_years#nauru#NA)
(people_age_structure_65_years_and_over#nauru#NA)
(people_population_growth_rate#nauru#1.33% {1996 est.})
(people_birth_rate#nauru#18.03 births/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_death_rate#nauru#5.1 deaths/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_net_migration_rate#nauru#0.4 migrant{s}/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_sex_ratio_at_birth#nauru#NA male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_under_15_years#nauru#NA male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_15-64_years#nauru#NA male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_65_years_and_over#nauru#NA male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_all_ages#nauru#NA male{s}/female)
(people_infant_mortality_rate#nauru#40.6 deaths/1,000 live births {1996 est.})
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_total_population#nauru#66.68 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_male#nauru#64.3 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_female#nauru#69.18 years {1996 est.})
(people_total_fertility_rate#nauru#2.08 children born/woman {1996 est.})
(people_nationality_noun#nauru#Nauruan{s})
(people_nationality_adjective#nauru#Nauruan)
(people_ethnic_divisions#nauru#Nauruan 58%, other Pacific Islander 26%, Chinese 8%, European 8%)
(people_religions#nauru#Christian {two-thirds Protestant, one-third Roman Catholic})
(people_languages#nauru#Nauruan {official, a distinct Pacific Island language}, English widely understood, spoken, and used for most government and commercial purposes)
(people_literacy#nauru#NA)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_long_form#nauru#Republic of Nauru)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_short_form#nauru#Nauru)
(government_name_of_country_former#nauru#Pleasant Island)
(government_data_code#nauru#NR)
(government_type_of_government#nauru#republic)
(government_capital#nauru#no official capital; government offices in Yaren District)
(government_administrative_divisions#nauru#14 districts; Aiwo, Anabar, Anetan, Anibare, Baiti, Boe, Buada, Denigomodu, Ewa, Ijuw, Meneng, Nibok, Uaboe, Yaren)
(government_independence#nauru#31 January 1968 {from the Australia-, New Zealand-, and UK-administered UN trusteeship})
(government_national_holiday#nauru#Independence Day, 31 January {1968})
(government_constitution#nauru#29 January 1968)
(government_legal_system#nauru#acts of the Nauru Parliament and British common law)
(government_suffrage#nauru#20 years of age; universal and compulsory)
(government_executive_branch_chief_of_state_and_head_of_government#nauru#President Lagumot HARRIS {since 22 November 1995} was elected by Parliament; election last held 18 November 1995 {next to be held NA November 1998})
(government_executive_branch_cabinet#nauru#Cabinet was appointed by the president from among members of Parliament)
(government_legislative_branch#nauru#unicameral)
(government_parliament#nauru#election last held 18 November 1995 {next to be held NA November 1998}; results - percent of vote NA; seats - {18 total} independents 18)
(government_judicial_branch#nauru#Supreme Court)
(government_political_parties_and_leaders#nauru#none)
(government_international_organization_participation#nauru#AsDB, C {special}, ESCAP, ICAO, Intelsat {nonsignatory user}, Interpol, ITU, Sparteca, SPC, SPF, UPU, WHO)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us#nauru#Nauru does not have an embassy in the US)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation#nauru#the US does not have an embassy in Nauru; the US Ambassador to Fiji is accredited to Nauru)
(government_flag#nauru#blue with a narrow, horizontal, yellow stripe across the center and a large white 12-pointed star below the stripe on the hoist side; the star indicates the country's location in relation to the Equator {the yellow stripe} and the 12 points symbolize the 12 original tribes of Nauru)
(economy_economic_overview#nauru#Revenues come from the export of phosphates, the reserves of which are expected to be exhausted by the year 2000. Phosphates have given Nauruans one of the highest per capita incomes in the Third World. Few other resources exist, so most necessities must be imported, including fresh water from Australia. The rehabilitation of mined land and the replacement of income from phosphates are serious long-term problems. Substantial amounts of phosphate income are invested in trust funds to help cushion the transition. However, dividends from the trusts have declined sharply since 1990 and the government has been borrowing from the trusts to finance fiscal deficits.)
(economy_gdp#nauru#purchasing power parity - $100 million {1993 est.})
(economy_gdp_real_growth_rate#nauru#NA%)
(economy_gdp_per_capita#nauru#$10,000 {1993 est.})
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_agriculture#nauru#NA%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_industry#nauru#NA%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_services#nauru#NA%)
(economy_inflation_rate_{consumer_prices}#nauru#-3.6% {1993})
(economy_labor_force_by_occupation#nauru#NA)
(economy_unemployment_rate#nauru#0%)
(economy_budget_revenues#nauru#$23.8 million)
(economy_budget_expenditures#nauru#$69.2 million, including capital expenditures of $NA {FY92/93})
(economy_industries#nauru#phosphate mining, financial services, coconut products)
(economy_industrial_production_growth_rate#nauru#NA%)
(economy_electricity_capacity#nauru#14,000 kW)
(economy_electricity_production#nauru#30 million kWh)
(economy_electricity_consumption_per_capita#nauru#3,036 kWh {1993})
(economy_agriculture#nauru#coconuts predominate)
(economy_exports#nauru#$25.3 million {f.o.b., 1991})
(economy_exports_commodities#nauru#phosphates)
(economy_exports_partners#nauru#Australia, NZ)
(economy_imports#nauru#$21.1 million {c.i.f., 1991})
(economy_imports_commodities#nauru#food, fuel, manufactures, building materials, machinery)
(economy_imports_partners#nauru#Australia, UK, NZ, Japan)
(economy_external_debt#nauru#$33.3 million)
(economy_economic_aid_recipient#nauru#ODA, $NA)
(economy_currency#nauru#1 Australian dollar {$A} = 100 cents)
(economy_exchange_rates#nauru#Australian dollars {$A} per US$1 - 1.3477 {January 1996}, 1.3486 {1995}, 1.3667 {1994}, 1.4704 {1993}, 1.3600 {1992}, 1.2834 {1991})
(economy_fiscal_year#nauru#1 July - 30 June)
(transportation_railways_total#nauru#3.9 km; note - used to haul phosphates from the center of the island to processing facilities on the southwest coast)
(transportation_highways#nauru#27 km)
(transportation_highways_paved#nauru#21 km)
(transportation_highways_unpaved#nauru#6 km {1986 est.})
(transportation_ports#nauru#Nauru)
(transportation_merchant_marine#nauru#none)
(transportation_airports_total#nauru#1)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_1,524_to_2,437_m#nauru#1 {1995 est.})
(communications_telephones#nauru#2,000 {1989 est.})
(communications_telephone_system#nauru#adequate local and international radiotelephone communications provided via Australian facilities)
(communications_telephone_system_domestic#nauru#NA)
(communications_telephone_system_international#nauru#satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat {Pacific Ocean})
(communications_radio_broadcast_stations#nauru#AM 1, FM 0, shortwave 0)
(communications_radios#nauru#4,000 {1993 est.})
(communications_television_broadcast_stations#nauru#0 {1986 est.})
(communications_televisions#nauru#NA)
(defense_branches#nauru#no regular armed forces; Directorate of the Nauru Police Force)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_age_15-49#nauru#NA)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_fit_for_military_service#nauru#NA)
(defense_defense_expenditures#nauru#$NA, NA% of GDP)
(header_affiliation#navassa_island#{territory of the US})
(geography_location#navassa_island#Caribbean, island in the Caribbean Sea, about one-fourth of the way from Haiti to Jamaica)
(geography_geographic_coordinates#navassa_island#18 25 N, 75 02 W)
(geography_map_references#navassa_island#Central America and the Caribbean)
(geography_area_total_area#navassa_island#5.2 sq km)
(geography_area_land_area#navassa_island#5.2 sq km)
(geography_area_comparative_area#navassa_island#about nine times the size of The Mall in Washington, DC)
(geography_land_boundaries#navassa_island#0 km)
(geography_coastline#navassa_island#8 km)
(geography_maritime_claims_exclusive_economic_zone#navassa_island#200 nm)
(geography_maritime_claims_territorial_sea#navassa_island#12 nm)
(geography_international_disputes#navassa_island#claimed by Haiti)
(geography_climate#navassa_island#marine, tropical)
(geography_terrain#navassa_island#raised coral and limestone plateau, flat to undulating; ringed by vertical white cliffs {9 to 15 meters high})
(geography_terrain_lowest_point#navassa_island#Caribbean Sea 0 m)
(geography_terrain_highest_point#navassa_island#unnamed location on southwest side 77 m)
(geography_natural_resources#navassa_island#guano)
(geography_land_use_arable_land#navassa_island#0%)
(geography_land_use_permanent_crops#navassa_island#0%)
(geography_land_use_meadows_and_pastures#navassa_island#10%)
(geography_land_use_forest_and_woodland#navassa_island#0%)
(geography_land_use_other#navassa_island#90%)
(geography_irrigated_land#navassa_island#0 sq km)
(geography_environment_current_issues#navassa_island#NA)
(geography_environment_natural_hazards#navassa_island#NA)
(geography_environment_international_agreements#navassa_island#NA)
(geography_geographic_note#navassa_island#strategic location 160 km south of the US Naval Base at Guantanamo Bay, Cuba; mostly exposed rock, but enough grassland to support goat herds; dense stands of fig-like trees, scattered cactus)
(people_population#navassa_island#uninhabited; note - transient Haitian fishermen and others camp on the island)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_long_form#navassa_island#none)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_short_form#navassa_island#Navassa Island)
(government_data_code#navassa_island#BQ)
(government_type_of_government#navassa_island#unincorporated territory of the US administered by the US Coast Guard)
(government_capital#navassa_island#none; administered from Washington, DC)
(government_flag#navassa_island#the flag of the US is used)
(economy_economic_overview#navassa_island#no economic activity)
(transportation_ports#navassa_island#none; offshore anchorage only)
(defense_defense_note#navassa_island#defense is the responsibility of the US)
(geography_location#nepal#Southern Asia, between China and India)
(geography_geographic_coordinates#nepal#28 00 N, 84 00 E)
(geography_map_references#nepal#Asia)
(geography_area_total_area#nepal#140,800 sq km)
(geography_area_land_area#nepal#136,800 sq km)
(geography_area_comparative_area#nepal#slightly larger than Arkansas)
(geography_land_boundaries_total#nepal#2,926 km)
(geography_land_boundaries_border_countries#nepal#China 1,236 km, India 1,690 km)
(geography_coastline#nepal#0 km {landlocked})
(geography_maritime_claims#nepal#none {landlocked})
(geography_international_disputes#nepal#none)
(geography_climate#nepal#varies from cool summers and severe winters in north to subtropical summers and mild winters in south)
(geography_terrain#nepal#Terai or flat river plain of the Ganges in south, central hill region, rugged Himalayas in north)
(geography_terrain_lowest_point#nepal#Kanchan Kalan 70 m)
(geography_terrain_highest_point#nepal#Mount Everest 8,848 m)
(geography_natural_resources#nepal#quartz, water, timber, hydropower potential, scenic beauty, small deposits of lignite, copper, cobalt, iron ore)
(geography_land_use_arable_land#nepal#17%)
(geography_land_use_permanent_crops#nepal#0%)
(geography_land_use_meadows_and_pastures#nepal#13%)
(geography_land_use_forest_and_woodland#nepal#33%)
(geography_land_use_other#nepal#37%)
(geography_irrigated_land#nepal#9,430 sq km {1989})
(geography_environment_current_issues#nepal#the almost total dependence on wood for fuel and cutting down trees to expand agricultural land without replanting has resulted in widespread deforestation; soil erosion; water pollution {use of contaminated water presents human health risks})
(geography_environment_natural_hazards#nepal#severe thunderstorms, flooding, landslides, drought, and famine depending on the timing, intensity, and duration of the summer monsoons)
(geography_environment_international_agreements#nepal#party to - Biodiversity, Climate Change, Endangered Species, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Tropical Timber 83, Wetlands; signed, but not ratified - Desertification, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation)
(geography_geographic_note#nepal#landlocked; strategic location between China and India; contains eight of world's 10 highest peaks)
(people_population#nepal#22,094,033 {July 1996 est.})
(people_age_structure_0-14_years#nepal#42% {male 4,776,245; female 4,563,000})
(people_age_structure_15-64_years#nepal#55% {male 6,172,821; female 5,945,626})
(people_age_structure_65_years_and_over#nepal#3% {male 320,350; female 315,991} {July 1996 est.})
(people_population_growth_rate#nepal#2.45% {1996 est.})
(people_birth_rate#nepal#37 births/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_death_rate#nepal#12.56 deaths/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_net_migration_rate#nepal#0 migrant{s}/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_sex_ratio_at_birth#nepal#1.05 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_under_15_years#nepal#1.05 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_15-64_years#nepal#1.04 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_65_years_and_over#nepal#1.01 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_all_ages#nepal#1.04 male{s}/female {1996 est.})
(people_infant_mortality_rate#nepal#79 deaths/1,000 live births {1996 est.})
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_total_population#nepal#53.63 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_male#nepal#53.35 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_female#nepal#53.93 years {1996 est.})
(people_total_fertility_rate#nepal#5.06 children born/woman {1996 est.})
(people_nationality_noun#nepal#Nepalese {singular and plural})
(people_nationality_adjective#nepal#Nepalese)
(people_ethnic_divisions#nepal#Newars, Indians, Tibetans, Gurungs, Magars, Tamangs, Bhotias, Rais, Limbus, Sherpas)
(people_religions#nepal#Hindu 90%, Buddhist 5%, Muslim 3%, other 2% {1981})
(people_religions_note#nepal#only official Hindu state in world, although no sharp distinction between many Hindu and Buddhist groups)
(people_languages#nepal#Nepali {official}, 20 other languages divided into numerous dialects)
(people_literacy#nepal#age 15 and over can read and write {1995 est.})
(people_literacy_total_population#nepal#27.5%)
(people_literacy_male#nepal#40.9%)
(people_literacy_female#nepal#14%)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_long_form#nepal#Kingdom of Nepal)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_short_form#nepal#Nepal)
(government_data_code#nepal#NP)
(government_type_of_government#nepal#parliamentary democracy as of 12 May 1991)
(government_capital#nepal#Kathmandu)
(government_administrative_divisions#nepal#14 zones {anchal, singular and plural}; Bagmati, Bheri, Dhawalagiri, Gandaki, Janakpur, Karnali, Kosi, Lumbini, Mahakali, Mechi, Narayani, Rapti, Sagarmatha, Seti)
(government_independence#nepal#1768 {unified by Prithvi Narayan Shah})
(government_national_holiday#nepal#Birthday of His Majesty the King, 28 December {1945})
(government_constitution#nepal#9 November 1990)
(government_legal_system#nepal#based on Hindu legal concepts and English common law; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction)
(government_suffrage#nepal#18 years of age; universal)
(government_executive_branch_chief_of_state#nepal#King BIRENDRA Bir Bikram Shah Dev {succeeded to the throne 31 January 1972 following the death of his father King MAHENDRA Bir Bikram Shah Dev, crowned king 24 February 1975} is a constitutional monarch; Heir Apparent Crown Prince DIPENDRA Bir Bikram)
(government_executive_branch_head_of_government#nepal#Prime Minister Sher Bahadur DEUBA {since 12 September 1995}; note - in 1994, the king appointed Man Mohan ADHIKARI to be prime minister using the standard criterion - he was the leader of the majority party in the House of Representatives following the last election; however, in September 1995, a parliamentary coalition of the Nepali Congress Party, the Rastriya Prajantra Party, the Nepal Sadbhavana Party, and independents voted against Prime Minister ADHIKARI; Sher Bahadur DEUBA, the leader of the Nepali Congress Party, then formed the new government and was appointed the new prime minister by the king)
(government_executive_branch_cabinet#nepal#Cabinet was appointed by the king on recommendation of the prime minister)
(government_legislative_branch#nepal#bicameral Parliament)
(government_national_council#nepal#consists of 60 members {50 appointed by House of Representatives and 10 by the king})
(government_house_of_representatives#nepal#elections last held 15 November 1994 {next to be held NA}; results - NCP 33%, CPN/UML 31%, NDP 18%, Terai Rights Sadbhavana Party 3%, NWPP 1%; seats - {205 total} CPN/UML 88, NCP 83, NDP 20, NWPP 4, Terai Rights Sadbhavana Party 3, independents 7)
(government_judicial_branch#nepal#Supreme Court {Sarbochha Adalat}, chief justice is appointed by the king on recommendation of the Constitutional Council, the other judges are appointed by the king on the recommendation of the Judicial Council)
(government_political_parties_and_leaders#nepal#Communist Party of Nepal/United Marxist and Leninist {CPN/UML}, Man Mohan ADHIKARI, president; Nepali Congress Party {NCP}, Krishna Prasad BHATTARAI {president}, Girija Prasad KOIRALA, Prime Minister Sher Bahadur DEUBA; National Democratic Party {NDP}, leader NA; Terai Rights Sadbhavana {Goodwill} Party, Gajendra Narayan SINGH; Nepal Workers and Peasants Party {NWPP}, leader NA; Nepal Sadbhavana Party, leader NA; Rastriya Prajantra Party, leader NA)
(government_other_political_or_pressure_groups#nepal#numerous small, left-leaning student groups in the capital; several small, radical Nepalese antimonarchist groups)
(government_international_organization_participation#nepal#AsDB, CCC, CP, ESCAP, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, ISO {correspondent}, ITU, NAM, SAARC, UN, UNCRO, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNIFIL, UNMIH, UNPROFOR, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WMO, WToO, WTrO {applicant})
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_chief_of_mission#nepal#Ambassador Basudev Prasad DHUNGANA)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_chancery#nepal#2131 Leroy Place NW, Washington, DC 20008)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_telephone#nepal#[1] {202} 667-4550)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_consulate{s}_general#nepal#New York)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_chief_of_mission#nepal#Ambassador Sandra L. VOGELGESANG)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_embassy#nepal#Pani Pokhari, Kathmandu)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_mailing_address#nepal#use embassy street address)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_telephone#nepal#[977] {1} 411179)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_fax#nepal#[977] {1} 419963)
(government_flag#nepal#red with a blue border around the unique shape of two overlapping right triangles; the smaller, upper triangle bears a white stylized moon and the larger, lower triangle bears a white 12-pointed sun)
(economy_economic_overview#nepal#Nepal is among the poorest and least developed countries in the world. Agriculture is the mainstay of the economy, providing a livelihood for over 80% of the population and accounting for about one-half of GDP. Industrial activity is limited, mainly involving the processing of agricultural produce {jute, sugarcane, tobacco, and grain}. Production of textiles and carpets has expanded recently and accounted for 85% of foreign exchange earnings in FY93/94. Apart from agricultural land and forests, exploitable natural resources are mica, hydropower, and tourism. Agricultural production in the late 1980s grew by about 5%, as compared with annual population growth of 2.6%. More than 40% of the population is undernourished. Since May 1991, the government has been moving forward with economic reforms particularly those that encourage trade and foreign investment, e.g., by eliminating business licenses and registration requirements in order to simplify investment procedures. The government has also been cutting public expenditures by reducing subsidies, privatizing state industries, and laying off civil servants. {In 1995 little progress was made in these areas because the communist government had trouble formulating and implementing policies.} The new coalition government is planning to pick up the pace of reforms in 1996, focusing primarily on raising revenues to develop the rural sector by increasing taxation and privatization. Prospects for foreign trade and investment, particularly in areas other than power development and tourism, will continue to remain poor because of the small size of the economy, its technological backwardness, its remoteness, and its susceptibility to natural disaster. The international community provides funding for 62% of Nepal's developmental budget and for 34% of total budgetary expenditures.)
(economy_gdp#nepal#purchasing power parity - $25.2 billion {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_real_growth_rate#nepal#2.3% {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_per_capita#nepal#$1,200 {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_agriculture#nepal#49.3%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_industry#nepal#18.4%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_services#nepal#32.3% {1993})
(economy_inflation_rate_{consumer_prices}#nepal#6.7% {FY94/95})
(economy_labor_force#nepal#8.5 million {1991 est.})
(economy_labor_force_by_occupation#nepal#agriculture 93%, services 5%, industry 2%)
(economy_labor_force_note#nepal#severe lack of skilled labor)
(economy_unemployment_rate#nepal#NA%; substantial underemployment {1995})
(economy_budget_revenues#nepal#$645 million)
(economy_budget_expenditures#nepal#$1.05 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA {FY94/95 est.})
(economy_industries#nepal#tourism, carpet, textile; small rice, jute, sugar, and oilseed mills; cigarette; cement and brick production)
(economy_industrial_production_growth_rate#nepal#14.7% {FY94/95 est.})
(economy_electricity_capacity#nepal#280,000 kW)
(economy_electricity_production#nepal#920 million kWh)
(economy_electricity_consumption_per_capita#nepal#41 kWh {1993})
(economy_agriculture#nepal#rice, corn, wheat, sugarcane, root crops; milk, water buffalo meat)
(economy_illicit_drugs#nepal#illicit producer of cannabis for the domestic and international drug markets; transit point for heroin from Southeast Asia to the West)
(economy_exports#nepal#$430 million {f.o.b., 1995 est.} but does not include unrecorded border trade with India)
(economy_exports_commodities#nepal#carpets, clothing, leather goods, jute goods, grain)
(economy_exports_partners#nepal#India, US, Germany, UK)
(economy_imports#nepal#$1.4 billion {c.i.f., 1995 est.})
(economy_imports_commodities#nepal#petroleum products 20%, fertilizer 11%, machinery 10%)
(economy_imports_partners#nepal#India, Singapore, Japan, Germany)
(economy_external_debt#nepal#$2.3 billion {FY94/95 est.})
(economy_economic_aid_recipient#nepal#ODA, $310 million {1993})
(economy_economic_aid_note#nepal#western and Japanese bilateral aid $215 million; multilateral aid $43 million {1994-95})
(economy_currency#nepal#1 Nepalese rupee {NR} = 100 paisa)
(economy_exchange_rates#nepal#Nepalese rupees {NRs} per US$1 - 56.636 {January 1996}, 51.890 {1995}, 49.398 {1994}, 48.607 {1993}, 42.718 {1992}, 37.255 {1991})
(economy_fiscal_year#nepal#16 July - 15 July)
(transportation_railways_total#nepal#101 km; note - all in Terai close to Indian border)
(transportation_railways_narrow_gauge#nepal#101 km 0.762-m gauge)
(transportation_highways_total#nepal#9,933 km)
(transportation_highways_paved#nepal#3,421 km)
(transportation_highways_unpaved#nepal#6,512 km {1995 est.})
(transportation_ports#nepal#none)
(transportation_airports_total#nepal#43)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_over_3,047_m#nepal#1)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_1,524_to_2,437_m#nepal#3)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_914_to_1,523_m#nepal#1)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_under_914_m#nepal#27)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_1,524_to_2,437_m#nepal#1)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_914_to_1,523_m#nepal#10 {1995 est.})
(communications_telephones#nepal#82,774 {1995 est.})
(communications_telephone_system#nepal#poor telephone and telegraph service; fair radiotelephone communication service)
(communications_telephone_system_domestic#nepal#NA)
(communications_telephone_system_international#nepal#radiotelephone communications; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat {Indian Ocean})
(communications_radio_broadcast_stations#nepal#AM 88, FM 0, shortwave 0)
(communications_radios#nepal#690,000 {1992 est.})
(communications_television_broadcast_stations#nepal#1 {1988 est.})
(communications_televisions#nepal#45,000 {1992 est.})
(defense_branches#nepal#Royal Nepalese Army, Royal Nepalese Army Air Service, Nepalese Police Force)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_age_15-49#nepal#5,329,345)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_fit_for_military_service#nepal#2,768,887)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_reach_military_age_{17}_annually#nepal#254,590 {1996 est.})
(defense_defense_expenditures#nepal#exchange rate conversion - $36 million, 1.2% of GDP {FY92/93})
(geography_location#netherlands#Western Europe, bordering the North Sea, between Belgium and Germany)
(geography_geographic_coordinates#netherlands#52 30 N, 5 45 E)
(geography_map_references#netherlands#Europe)
(geography_area_total_area#netherlands#37,330 sq km)
(geography_area_land_area#netherlands#33,920 sq km)
(geography_area_comparative_area#netherlands#slightly less than twice the size of New Jersey)
(geography_land_boundaries_total#netherlands#1,027 km)
(geography_land_boundaries_border_countries#netherlands#Belgium 450 km, Germany 577 km)
(geography_coastline#netherlands#451 km)
(geography_maritime_claims_exclusive_fishing_zone#netherlands#200 nm)
(geography_maritime_claims_territorial_sea#netherlands#12 nm)
(geography_international_disputes#netherlands#none)
(geography_climate#netherlands#temperate; marine; cool summers and mild winters)
(geography_terrain#netherlands#mostly coastal lowland and reclaimed land {polders}; some hills in southeast)
(geography_terrain_lowest_point#netherlands#Prins Alexanderpolder -7 m)
(geography_terrain_highest_point#netherlands#Vaalserberg 321 m)
(geography_natural_resources#netherlands#natural gas, petroleum, fertile soil)
(geography_land_use_arable_land#netherlands#26%)
(geography_land_use_permanent_crops#netherlands#1%)
(geography_land_use_meadows_and_pastures#netherlands#32%)
(geography_land_use_forest_and_woodland#netherlands#9%)
(geography_land_use_other#netherlands#32%)
(geography_irrigated_land#netherlands#5,500 sq km {1989 est.})
(geography_environment_current_issues#netherlands#water pollution in the form of heavy metals, organic compounds, and nutrients such as nitrates and phosphates; air pollution from vehicles and refining activities; acid rain)
(geography_environment_natural_hazards#netherlands#the extensive system of dikes and dams, protects nearly one-half of the total area from being flooded)
(geography_environment_international_agreements#netherlands#party to - Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Sulphur 85, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Wetlands, Whaling; signed, but not ratified - Air Pollution-Sulphur 94, Biodiversity, Desertification, Law of the Sea, Tropical Timber 94)
(geography_geographic_note#netherlands#located at mouths of three major European rivers {Rhine, Maas or Meuse, and Schelde})
(people_population#netherlands#15,568,034 {July 1996 est.})
(people_age_structure_0-14_years#netherlands#18% {male 1,457,694; female 1,393,402})
(people_age_structure_15-64_years#netherlands#68% {male 5,412,402; female 5,228,579})
(people_age_structure_65_years_and_over#netherlands#14% {male 836,934; female 1,239,023} {July 1996 est.})
(people_population_growth_rate#netherlands#0.56% {1996 est.})
(people_birth_rate#netherlands#12.08 births/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_death_rate#netherlands#8.7 deaths/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_net_migration_rate#netherlands#2.25 migrant{s}/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_sex_ratio_at_birth#netherlands#1.05 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_under_15_years#netherlands#1.05 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_15-64_years#netherlands#1.04 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_65_years_and_over#netherlands#0.68 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_all_ages#netherlands#0.98 male{s}/female {1996 est.})
(people_infant_mortality_rate#netherlands#4.9 deaths/1,000 live births {1996 est.})
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_total_population#netherlands#77.73 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_male#netherlands#74.91 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_female#netherlands#80.68 years {1996 est.})
(people_total_fertility_rate#netherlands#1.51 children born/woman {1996 est.})
(people_nationality_noun#netherlands#Dutchman{men}, Dutchwoman{women})
(people_nationality_adjective#netherlands#Dutch)
(people_ethnic_divisions#netherlands#Dutch 96%, Moroccans, Turks, and other 4% {1988})
(people_religions#netherlands#Roman Catholic 34%, Protestant 25%, Muslim 3%, other 2%, unaffiliated 36% {1991})
(people_languages#netherlands#Dutch)
(people_literacy#netherlands#age 15 and over can read and write {1979 est.})
(people_literacy_total_population#netherlands#99%)
(people_literacy_male#netherlands#NA%)
(people_literacy_female#netherlands#NA%)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_long_form#netherlands#Kingdom of the Netherlands)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_short_form#netherlands#Netherlands)
(government_name_of_country_local_long_form#netherlands#Koninkrijk de Nederlanden)
(government_name_of_country_local_short_form#netherlands#Nederland)
(government_data_code#netherlands#NL)
(government_type_of_government#netherlands#constitutional monarchy)
(government_capital#netherlands#Amsterdam; The Hague is the seat of government)
(government_administrative_divisions#netherlands#12 provinces {provincien, singular - provincie}; Drenthe, Flevoland, Friesland, Gelderland, Groningen, Limburg, Noord-Brabant, Noord-Holland, Overijssel, Utrecht, Zeeland, Zuid-Holland)
(government_dependent_areas#netherlands#Aruba, Netherlands Antilles)
(government_independence#netherlands#1579 {from Spain})
(government_national_holiday#netherlands#Queen's Day, 30 April {1938})
(government_constitution#netherlands#17 February 1983)
(government_legal_system#netherlands#civil law system incorporating French penal theory; judicial review in the Supreme Court of legislation of lower order rather than Acts of the States General; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations)
(government_suffrage#netherlands#18 years of age; universal)
(government_executive_branch_chief_of_state#netherlands#Queen BEATRIX Wilhelmina Armgard {since 30 April 1980} is a constitutional monarch; Heir Apparent WILLEM-ALEXANDER {born 27 April 1967}, Prince of Orange, son of Queen BEATRIX)
(government_executive_branch_head_of_government#netherlands#Prime Minister Willem {Wim} KOK {since 22 August 1994} and Vice Prime Ministers Hans DIJKSTAL {since 22 August 1994} and Hans VAN MIERLO {since 22 August 1994} were appointed by the queen)
(government_executive_branch_cabinet#netherlands#Cabinet was appointed by the prime minister)
(government_legislative_branch#netherlands#bicameral legislature {Staten Generaal})
(government_first_chamber_{eerste_kamer}#netherlands#members indirectly elected by the country's 12 provincial councils for four-year terms; election last held 9 June 1995 {next to be held 9 June 1999}; results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - {75 total} number of seats by party NA)
(government_second_chamber_{tweede_kamer}#netherlands#members directly elected for four-year terms; elections last held 3 May 1994 {next to be held in 1998}; results - PvdA 24.3%, CDA 22.3%, VVD 20.4%, D'66 16.5%, other 16.5%; seats - {150 total} PvdA 37, CDA 34, VVD 31, D'66 24, other 24)
(government_judicial_branch#netherlands#Supreme Court {De Hoge Raad}, justices are nominated for life by the crown from a list compiled by the Second Chamber of the Staten Generaal)
(government_political_parties_and_leaders#netherlands#Christian Democratic Appeal {CDA}, Hans HELGERS; Labor {PvdA}, Felix ROTTENBERG; Liberal {VVD}, Frits BOLKESTEIN; Democrats '66 {D66}, Hans VAN MIERLO; a host of minor parties)
(government_other_political_or_pressure_groups#netherlands#large multinational firms; Federation of Netherlands Trade Union Movement {comprising Socialist and Catholic trade unions} and a Protestant trade union; Federation of Catholic and Protestant Employers Associations; the nondenominational Federation of Netherlands Enterprises; and Interchurch Peace Council {IKV})
(government_international_organization_participation#netherlands#AfDB, AG {observer}, AsDB, Australia Group, Benelux, BIS, CCC, CE, CERN, EBRD, ECE, ECLAC, EIB, ESA, ESCAP, EU, FAO, G-10, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Inmarsat, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, MTCR, NACC, NAM {guest}, NATO, NEA, NSG, OAS {observer}, OECD, OSCE, PCA, UN, UNAVEM III, UNCRO, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNITAR, UNMIH, UNPREDEP, UNPROFOR, UNTSO, UNU, UPU, WCL, WEU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO, ZC)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_chief_of_mission#netherlands#Ambassador Adriaan JACOBOVITS DE SZEGED)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_chancery#netherlands#{temporary} 4200 Wisconsin Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20016)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_telephone#netherlands#[1] {202} 244-5300)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_fax#netherlands#[1] {202} 362-3430)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_consulate{s}_general#netherlands#Chicago, Houston, Los Angeles, New York)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_chief_of_mission#netherlands#Ambassador Kirk Terry DORNBUSH)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_embassy#netherlands#Lange Voorhout 102, 2514 EJ The Hague)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_mailing_address#netherlands#PSC 71, Box 1000, APO AE 09715)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_telephone#netherlands#[31] {70} 310-9209)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_fax#netherlands#[31] {70} 361-4688)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_consulate{s}_general#netherlands#Amsterdam)
(government_flag#netherlands#three equal horizontal bands of red {top}, white, and blue; similar to the flag of Luxembourg, which uses a lighter blue and is longer)
(economy_economic_overview#netherlands#This highly developed and affluent economy is based on private enterprise. The government makes its presence felt, however, through many regulations, permit requirements, and welfare programs affecting most aspects of economic activity. The trade and financial services sector contributes over 50% of GDP. Industrial activity provides about 25% of GDP and is led by the food-processing, oil-refining, and metalworking industries. The highly mechanized agricultural sector employs only 4% of the labor force, but provides large surpluses for export and the domestic food-processing industry. Indeed, the Netherlands ranks third worldwide in value of agricultural exports, behind the US and France. High unemployment and a sizable budget deficit are currently the most serious economic problems. Many of the economic issues of the 1990s will reflect the course of European economic integration.)
(economy_gdp#netherlands#purchasing power parity - $301.9 billion {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_real_growth_rate#netherlands#2.5% {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_per_capita#netherlands#$19,500 {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_agriculture#netherlands#3.4%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_industry#netherlands#26.9%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_services#netherlands#69.7% {1994})
(economy_inflation_rate_{consumer_prices}#netherlands#2.25% {1995})
(economy_labor_force#netherlands#6.4 million {1993})
(economy_labor_force_by_occupation#netherlands#services 73%, manufacturing and construction 23%, agriculture 4% {1994})
(economy_unemployment_rate#netherlands#7.1% {fourth quarter 1995})
(economy_budget_revenues#netherlands#$109.9 billion)
(economy_budget_expenditures#netherlands#$122.1 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA {1992 est.})
(economy_industries#netherlands#agroindustries, metal and engineering products, electrical machinery and equipment, chemicals, petroleum, fishing, construction, microelectronics)
(economy_industrial_production_growth_rate#netherlands#1% {1995 est.})
(economy_electricity_capacity#netherlands#17,520,000 kW)
(economy_electricity_production#netherlands#72.4 billion kWh)
(economy_electricity_consumption_per_capita#netherlands#5,100 kWh {1993})
(economy_agriculture#netherlands#grains, potatoes, sugar beets, fruits, vegetables; livestock)
(economy_illicit_drugs#netherlands#important gateway for cocaine, heroin, and hashish entering Europe; European producer of illicit amphetamines and other synthetic drugs)
(economy_exports#netherlands#$146 billion {f.o.b., 1995})
(economy_exports_commodities#netherlands#metal products, chemicals, processed food and tobacco, agricultural products)
(economy_exports_partners#netherlands#EU 73% {Germany 28%, Belgium-Luxembourg 13%, UK 9%}, Central and Eastern Europe 2%, US 5% {1994})
(economy_imports#netherlands#$133 billion {c.i.f., 1995})
(economy_imports_commodities#netherlands#raw materials and semifinished products, consumer goods, transportation equipment, crude oil, food products)
(economy_imports_partners#netherlands#EU 56% {Germany 21%, Belgium-Luxembourg 11%, UK 8.5%}, US 8.6% {1994})
(economy_external_debt#netherlands#$0)
(economy_economic_aid_donor#netherlands#ODA, $2.525 billion {1993})
(economy_currency#netherlands#1 Netherlands guilder, gulden, or florin {f.} = 100 cents)
(economy_exchange_rates#netherlands#Netherlands guilders, gulden, or florins {f.} per US$1 - 1.6365 {January 1996}, 1.6057 {1995}, 1.8200 {1994}, 1.8573 {1993}, 1.7585 {1992}, 1.8697 {1991})
(economy_fiscal_year#netherlands#calendar year)
(transportation_railways_total#netherlands#2,891 km)
(transportation_railways_standard_gauge#netherlands#2,891 km 1.435-m gauge; 2857 km are in common carrier service {1,991 km electrified} and 34 km serve tourists)
(transportation_highways_total#netherlands#104,831 km)
(transportation_highways_paved#netherlands#92,251 km {including 2,118 km of expressways})
(transportation_highways_unpaved#netherlands#12,580 km {1992 est.})
(transportation_waterways#netherlands#6,340 km, of which 35% is usable by craft of 1,000 metric ton capacity or larger)
(transportation_pipelines#netherlands#crude oil 418 km; petroleum products 965 km; natural gas 10,230 km)
(transportation_ports#netherlands#Amsterdam, Delfzijl, Dordrecht, Eemshaven, Groningen, Haarlem, Ijmuiden, Maastricht, Rotterdam, Terneuzen, Utrecht)
(transportation_merchant_marine_total#netherlands#352 ships {1,000 GRT or over} totaling 2,681,133 GRT/3,379,762 DWT)
(transportation_merchant_marine_ships_by_type#netherlands#bulk 1, cargo 206, chemical tanker 21, combination bulk 3, container 34, liquefied gas tanker 13, livestock carrier 1, multifunction large-load carrier 2, oil tanker 38, railcar carrier 1, refrigerated cargo 16, roll-on/roll-off cargo 11, short-sea passenger 3, specialized tanker 2)
(transportation_merchant_marine_note#netherlands#many Dutch-owned ships are operating under the registry of Netherlands Antilles {1995 est.})
(transportation_airports_total#netherlands#28)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_over_3,047_m#netherlands#1)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_2,438_to_3,047_m#netherlands#8)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_1,524_to_2,437_m#netherlands#6)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_914_to_1,523_m#netherlands#3)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_under_914_m#netherlands#7)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_914_to_1,523_m#netherlands#3 {1995 est.})
(transportation_heliports#netherlands#1 {1995 est.})
(communications_telephones#netherlands#8.272 million {1983 est.})
(communications_telephone_system#netherlands#highly developed and well maintained; extensive redundant system of multiconductor cables, supplemented by microwave radio relay)
(communications_telephone_system_domestic#netherlands#nationwide cellular telephone system; microwave radio relay)
(communications_telephone_system_international#netherlands#5 submarine cables; satellite earth stations - 3 Intelsat {1 Indian Ocean and 2 Atlantic Ocean}, 1 Eutelsat, and 1 Inmarsat {Atlantic and Indian Ocean Regions})
(communications_radio_broadcast_stations#netherlands#AM 3 {relays 3}, FM 12 {repeaters 39}, shortwave 0)
(communications_radios#netherlands#13.755 million {1992 est.})
(communications_television_broadcast_stations#netherlands#8 {repeaters 7})
(communications_televisions#netherlands#7.4 million {1992 est.})
(defense_branches#netherlands#Royal Netherlands Army, Royal Netherlands Navy {includes Naval Air Service and Marine Corps}, Royal Netherlands Air Force, Royal Constabulary)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_age_15-49#netherlands#4,191,998)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_fit_for_military_service#netherlands#3,670,253)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_reach_military_age_{20}_annually#netherlands#94,013 {1996 est.})
(defense_defense_expenditures#netherlands#exchange rate conversion - $8.2 billion, 2.1% of GDP {1995})
(header_affiliation#netherlands_antilles#{part of the Dutch realm})
(geography_location#netherlands_antilles#Caribbean, two island groups in the Caribbean Sea - one includes Curacao and Bonaire north of Venezuela and the other is east of the Virgin Islands)
(geography_geographic_coordinates#netherlands_antilles#12 15 N, 68 45 W)
(geography_map_references#netherlands_antilles#Central America and the Caribbean)
(geography_area_total_area#netherlands_antilles#960 sq km)
(geography_area_land_area#netherlands_antilles#960 sq km)
(geography_area_comparative_area#netherlands_antilles#more than five times the size of Washington, DC)
(geography_area_note#netherlands_antilles#includes Bonaire, Curacao, Saba, Sint Eustatius, and Sint Maarten {Dutch part of the island of Saint Martin})
(geography_land_boundaries#netherlands_antilles#0 km)
(geography_coastline#netherlands_antilles#364 km)
(geography_maritime_claims_exclusive_fishing_zone#netherlands_antilles#12 nm)
(geography_maritime_claims_territorial_sea#netherlands_antilles#12 nm)
(geography_international_disputes#netherlands_antilles#none)
(geography_climate#netherlands_antilles#tropical; ameliorated by northeast trade winds)
(geography_terrain#netherlands_antilles#generally hilly, volcanic interiors)
(geography_terrain_lowest_point#netherlands_antilles#Caribbean Sea 0 m)
(geography_terrain_highest_point#netherlands_antilles#Mount Scenery 862 m)
(geography_natural_resources#netherlands_antilles#phosphates {Curacao only}, salt {Bonaire only})
(geography_land_use_arable_land#netherlands_antilles#8%)
(geography_land_use_permanent_crops#netherlands_antilles#0%)
(geography_land_use_meadows_and_pastures#netherlands_antilles#0%)
(geography_land_use_forest_and_woodland#netherlands_antilles#0%)
(geography_land_use_other#netherlands_antilles#92%)
(geography_irrigated_land#netherlands_antilles#NA sq km)
(geography_environment_current_issues#netherlands_antilles#NA)
(geography_environment_natural_hazards#netherlands_antilles#Curacao and Bonaire are south of Caribbean hurricane belt, so are rarely threatened; Sint Maarten, Saba, and Sint Eustatius are subject to hurricanes from July to October)
(geography_environment_international_agreements#netherlands_antilles#party to - Whaling {extended from Netherlands})
(people_population#netherlands_antilles#208,968 {July 1996 est.})
(people_age_structure_0-14_years#netherlands_antilles#NA)
(people_age_structure_15-64_years#netherlands_antilles#NA)
(people_age_structure_65_years_and_over#netherlands_antilles#NA)
(people_population_growth_rate#netherlands_antilles#1.03% {1996 est.})
(people_birth_rate#netherlands_antilles#15.98 births/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_death_rate#netherlands_antilles#5.29 deaths/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_net_migration_rate#netherlands_antilles#-0.37 migrant{s}/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_sex_ratio_at_birth#netherlands_antilles#1.05 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_under_15_years#netherlands_antilles#1.05 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_15-64_years#netherlands_antilles#0.95 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_65_years_and_over#netherlands_antilles#0.72 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_all_ages#netherlands_antilles#0.96 male{s}/female {1996 est.})
(people_infant_mortality_rate#netherlands_antilles#8.9 deaths/1,000 live births {1996 est.})
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_total_population#netherlands_antilles#77.06 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_male#netherlands_antilles#74.78 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_female#netherlands_antilles#79.46 years {1996 est.})
(people_nationality_noun#netherlands_antilles#Netherlands Antillean{s})
(people_nationality_adjective#netherlands_antilles#Netherlands Antillean)
(people_ethnic_divisions#netherlands_antilles#mixed African 85%, Carib Indian, European, Latin, Oriental)
(people_religions#netherlands_antilles#Roman Catholic, Protestant, Jewish, Seventh-Day Adventist)
(people_languages#netherlands_antilles#Dutch {official}, Papiamento a Spanish-Portuguese-Dutch-English dialect predominates, English widely spoken, Spanish)
(people_literacy#netherlands_antilles#age 15 and over can read and write {1981 est.})
(people_literacy_total_population#netherlands_antilles#98%)
(people_literacy_male#netherlands_antilles#98%)
(people_literacy_female#netherlands_antilles#99%)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_long_form#netherlands_antilles#none)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_short_form#netherlands_antilles#Netherlands Antilles)
(government_name_of_country_local_long_form#netherlands_antilles#none)
(government_name_of_country_local_short_form#netherlands_antilles#Nederlandse Antillen)
(government_data_code#netherlands_antilles#NT)
(government_type_of_government#netherlands_antilles#part of the Dutch realm; full autonomy in internal affairs granted in 1954)
(government_capital#netherlands_antilles#Willemstad)
(government_administrative_divisions#netherlands_antilles#none {part of the Dutch realm})
(government_independence#netherlands_antilles#none {part of the Dutch realm})
(government_national_holiday#netherlands_antilles#Queen's Day, 30 April {1938})
(government_constitution#netherlands_antilles#29 December 1954, Statute of the Realm of the Netherlands, as amended)
(government_legal_system#netherlands_antilles#based on Dutch civil law system, with some English common law influence)
(government_suffrage#netherlands_antilles#18 years of age; universal)
(government_executive_branch_chief_of_state#netherlands_antilles#Queen BEATRIX Wilhelmina Armgard {of the Netherlands since 30 April 1980} is a constitutional monarch, represented by Governor General Jaime SALEH {since NA October 1989}, who was appointed for a six-year term by the queen)
(government_executive_branch_head_of_government#netherlands_antilles#Prime Minister Miguel POURIER {since 25 February 1994} was appointed by the Staten)
(government_executive_branch_cabinet#netherlands_antilles#Council of Ministers was appointed by the Staten)
(government_legislative_branch#netherlands_antilles#unicameral)
(government_staten#netherlands_antilles#elections last held 25 February 1994 {next to be held NA March 1998}; results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - {23 total} PAR 8, PNP 3, SPA 2, PDB 2, UPB 1, MAN 2, DP 1, WIPM 1, DP-St.E 1, DP-St.M 1, Nos Patria 1)
(government_staten_note#netherlands_antilles#the government of Prime Minister Miguel POURIER is a coalition of several parties)
(government_judicial_branch#netherlands_antilles#Joint High Court of Justice)
(government_political_parties_and_leaders#netherlands_antilles#political parties are indigenous to each island)
(government_bonaire#netherlands_antilles#Patriotic Union of Bonaire {UPB}, Rudy ELLIS; Democratic Party of Bonaire {PDB}, Broertje JANJA)
(government_curacao#netherlands_antilles#Antillean Restructuring Party {PAR}, Miguel POURIER; National People's Party {PNP}, Maria LIBERIA-PETERS; New Antilles Movement {MAN}, Domenico Felip Don MARTINA; Workers' Liberation Front {FOL}, Wilson {Papa} GODETT; Socialist Independent {SI}, George HUECK and Nelson MONTE; Democratic Party of Curacao {DP}, Augustin DIAZ; Nos Patria, Chin BEHILIA)
(government_saba#netherlands_antilles#Windward Islands People's Movement {WIPM Saba}, Ray HASSELL; Saba Democratic Labor Movement, Steve HASSELL; Saba Unity Party, Carmen SIMMONDS)
(government_sint_eustatius#netherlands_antilles#Democratic Party of Sint Eustatius {DP-St.E}, Julian WOODLEY; Windward Islands People's Movement {WIPM}; St. Eustatius Alliance {SEA}, Ingrid WHITFIELD)
(government_sint_maarten#netherlands_antilles#Democratic Party of Sint Maarten {DP-St.M}, Sarah WESTCOTT-WILLIAMS; Patriotic Movement of Sint Maarten {SPA}, Vance JAMES; Serious Alternative People's Party {SAPP} Julian ROLLOCKS)
(government_international_organization_participation#netherlands_antilles#Caricom {observer}, ECLAC {associate}, Interpol, IOC, UNESCO {associate}, UPU, WMO, WToO {associate})
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us#netherlands_antilles#none {self-governing part of the Netherlands})
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_chief_of_mission#netherlands_antilles#Consul General James L. WILLIAMS)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_consulate_general{s}#netherlands_antilles#J.B. Gorsiraweg #1, Curacao)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_mailing_address#netherlands_antilles#P. O. Box 158, Willemstad, Curacao)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_telephone#netherlands_antilles#[599] {9} 61-3066)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_fax#netherlands_antilles#[599] {9} 61-6489)
(government_flag#netherlands_antilles#white with a horizontal blue stripe in the center superimposed on a vertical red band also centered; five white five-pointed stars are arranged in an oval pattern in the center of the blue band; the five stars represent the five main islands of Bonaire, Curacao, Saba, Sint Eustatius, and Sint Maarten)
(economy_economic_overview#netherlands_antilles#Tourism and offshore finance are the mainstays of this small economy, which is closely tied to the outside world. The islands enjoy a high per capita income and a well-developed infrastructure as compared with other countries in the region. Almost all consumer and capital goods are imported, with Venezuela and the US being the major suppliers. Poor soils and inadequate water supplies hamper the development of agriculture.)
(economy_gdp#netherlands_antilles#purchasing power parity - $1.92 billion {1994 est.})
(economy_gdp_real_growth_rate#netherlands_antilles#1.8% {1994 est.})
(economy_gdp_per_capita#netherlands_antilles#$10,400 {1994 est.})
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_agriculture#netherlands_antilles#NA%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_industry#netherlands_antilles#NA%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_services#netherlands_antilles#NA%)
(economy_inflation_rate_{consumer_prices}#netherlands_antilles#1.5% {1994 est.})
(economy_labor_force#netherlands_antilles#89,000)
(economy_labor_force_by_occupation#netherlands_antilles#government 65%, industry and commerce 28% {1983})
(economy_unemployment_rate#netherlands_antilles#13.4% {1993 est.})
(economy_budget_revenues#netherlands_antilles#$209 million)
(economy_budget_expenditures#netherlands_antilles#$232 million, including capital expenditures of $8 million {1992 est.})
(economy_industries#netherlands_antilles#tourism {Curacao and Sint Maarten}, petroleum refining {Curacao}, petroleum transshipment facilities {Curacao and Bonaire}, light manufacturing {Curacao})
(economy_industrial_production_growth_rate#netherlands_antilles#NA%)
(economy_electricity_capacity#netherlands_antilles#200,000 kW)
(economy_electricity_production#netherlands_antilles#810 million kWh)
(economy_electricity_consumption_per_capita#netherlands_antilles#4,054 kWh {1993})
(economy_agriculture#netherlands_antilles#aloes, sorghum, peanuts, vegetables, tropical fruit)
(economy_illicit_drugs#netherlands_antilles#money-laundering center; transshipment point for South American cocaine and marijuana bound for the US and Europe)
(economy_exports#netherlands_antilles#$1.3 billion {f.o.b., 1993})
(economy_exports_commodities#netherlands_antilles#petroleum products 98%)
(economy_exports_partners#netherlands_antilles#US 39%, Brazil 9%, Colombia 6%)
(economy_imports#netherlands_antilles#$1.8 billion {f.o.b., 1993})
(economy_imports_commodities#netherlands_antilles#crude petroleum 64%, food, manufactures)
(economy_imports_partners#netherlands_antilles#Venezuela 26%, US 18%, Colombia 6%, Netherlands 6%, Japan 5%)
(economy_external_debt#netherlands_antilles#$1.95 billion {December 1995})
(economy_economic_aid_recipient#netherlands_antilles#ODA, $NA)
(economy_currency#netherlands_antilles#1 Netherlands Antillean guilder, gulden, or florin {NAf.} = 100 cents)
(economy_exchange_rates#netherlands_antilles#Netherlands Antillean guilders, gulden, or florins {NAf.} per US$1 - 1.790 {fixed rate since 1989})
(economy_fiscal_year#netherlands_antilles#calendar year)
(transportation_railways#netherlands_antilles#0 km)
(transportation_highways_total#netherlands_antilles#944 km)
(transportation_highways_paved#netherlands_antilles#299 km)
(transportation_highways_unpaved#netherlands_antilles#645 km {1985 est.})
(transportation_ports#netherlands_antilles#Kralendijk, Philipsburg, Willemstad)
(transportation_merchant_marine_total#netherlands_antilles#119 ships {1,000 GRT or over} totaling 1,141,003 GRT/1,490,958 DWT)
(transportation_merchant_marine_ships_by_type#netherlands_antilles#bulk 1, cargo 38, chemical tanker 7, combination bulk 1, container 2, liquefied gas tanker 4, multifunction large-load carrier 18, oil tanker 9, passenger 4, refrigerated cargo 27, roll-on/roll-off cargo 8 {1995 est.})
(transportation_airports_total#netherlands_antilles#4)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_over_3,047_m#netherlands_antilles#1)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_1,524_to_2,437_m#netherlands_antilles#2)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_914_to_1,523_m#netherlands_antilles#1 {1995 est.})
(communications_telephones#netherlands_antilles#NA)
(communications_telephone_system#netherlands_antilles#generally adequate facilities)
(communications_telephone_system_domestic#netherlands_antilles#extensive interisland microwave radio relay links)
(communications_telephone_system_international#netherlands_antilles#2 submarine cables; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat {Atlantic Ocean})
(communications_radio_broadcast_stations#netherlands_antilles#AM 9, FM 4, shortwave 0)
(communications_radios#netherlands_antilles#205,000 {1992 est.})
(communications_television_broadcast_stations#netherlands_antilles#1)
(communications_televisions#netherlands_antilles#64,000 {1992 est.})
(defense_branches#netherlands_antilles#Royal Netherlands Navy, Marine Corps, Royal Netherlands Air Force, National Guard, Police Force)
(defense_defense_note#netherlands_antilles#defense is the responsibility of the Netherlands)
(header_affiliation#new_caledonia#{overseas territory of France})
(geography_location#new_caledonia#Oceania, islands in the South Pacific Ocean, east of Australia)
(geography_geographic_coordinates#new_caledonia#21 30 S, 165 30 E)
(geography_map_references#new_caledonia#Oceania)
(geography_area_total_area#new_caledonia#19,060 sq km)
(geography_area_land_area#new_caledonia#18,575 sq km)
(geography_area_comparative_area#new_caledonia#slightly smaller than New Jersey)
(geography_land_boundaries#new_caledonia#0 km)
(geography_coastline#new_caledonia#2,254 km)
(geography_maritime_claims_exclusive_economic_zone#new_caledonia#200 nm)
(geography_maritime_claims_territorial_sea#new_caledonia#12 nm)
(geography_international_disputes#new_caledonia#Matthew and Hunter Islands claimed by France and Vanuatu)
(geography_climate#new_caledonia#tropical; modified by southeast trade winds; hot, humid)
(geography_terrain#new_caledonia#coastal plains with interior mountains)
(geography_terrain_lowest_point#new_caledonia#Pacific Ocean 0 m)
(geography_terrain_highest_point#new_caledonia#Mont Panie 1,628 m)
(geography_natural_resources#new_caledonia#nickel, chrome, iron, cobalt, manganese, silver, gold, lead, copper)
(geography_land_use_arable_land#new_caledonia#0%)
(geography_land_use_permanent_crops#new_caledonia#0%)
(geography_land_use_meadows_and_pastures#new_caledonia#14%)
(geography_land_use_forest_and_woodland#new_caledonia#51%)
(geography_land_use_other#new_caledonia#35%)
(geography_irrigated_land#new_caledonia#NA sq km)
(geography_environment_current_issues#new_caledonia#NA)
(geography_environment_natural_hazards#new_caledonia#typhoons most frequent from November to March)
(geography_environment_international_agreements#new_caledonia#NA)
(people_population#new_caledonia#187,784 {July 1996 est.})
(people_age_structure_0-14_years#new_caledonia#30% {male 28,941; female 27,929})
(people_age_structure_15-64_years#new_caledonia#64% {male 61,263; female 59,673})
(people_age_structure_65_years_and_over#new_caledonia#6% {male 4,750; female 5,228} {July 1996 est.})
(people_population_growth_rate#new_caledonia#1.72% {1996 est.})
(people_birth_rate#new_caledonia#21.75 births/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_death_rate#new_caledonia#4.88 deaths/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_net_migration_rate#new_caledonia#0.31 migrant{s}/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_sex_ratio_at_birth#new_caledonia#1.05 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_under_15_years#new_caledonia#1.04 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_15-64_years#new_caledonia#1.03 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_65_years_and_over#new_caledonia#0.91 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_all_ages#new_caledonia#1.02 male{s}/female {1996 est.})
(people_infant_mortality_rate#new_caledonia#13.8 deaths/1,000 live births {1996 est.})
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_total_population#new_caledonia#74.35 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_male#new_caledonia#71.06 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_female#new_caledonia#77.8 years {1996 est.})
(people_total_fertility_rate#new_caledonia#2.53 children born/woman {1996 est.})
(people_nationality_noun#new_caledonia#New Caledonian{s})
(people_nationality_adjective#new_caledonia#New Caledonian)
(people_ethnic_divisions#new_caledonia#Melanesian 42.5%, European 37.1%, Wallisian 8.4%, Polynesian 3.8%, Indonesian 3.6%, Vietnamese 1.6%, other 3%)
(people_religions#new_caledonia#Roman Catholic 60%, Protestant 30%, other 10%)
(people_languages#new_caledonia#French, 28 Melanesian-Polynesian dialects)
(people_literacy#new_caledonia#age 15 and over can read and write {1976 est.})
(people_literacy_total_population#new_caledonia#91%)
(people_literacy_male#new_caledonia#92%)
(people_literacy_female#new_caledonia#90%)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_long_form#new_caledonia#Territory of New Caledonia and Dependencies)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_short_form#new_caledonia#New Caledonia)
(government_name_of_country_local_long_form#new_caledonia#Territoire des Nouvelle-Caledonie et Dependances)
(government_name_of_country_local_short_form#new_caledonia#Nouvelle-Caledonie)
(government_data_code#new_caledonia#NC)
(government_type_of_government#new_caledonia#overseas territory of France since 1956)
(government_capital#new_caledonia#Noumea)
(government_administrative_divisions#new_caledonia#none {overseas territory of France}; there are no first-order administrative divisions as defined by the US Government, but there are 3 provinces named Iles Loyaute, Nord, and Sud)
(government_independence#new_caledonia#none {overseas territory of France; a referendum on independence will be held in 1998})
(government_national_holiday#new_caledonia#National Day, Taking of the Bastille, 14 July {1789})
(government_constitution#new_caledonia#28 September 1958 {French Constitution})
(government_legal_system#new_caledonia#the 1988 Matignon Accords grant substantial autonomy to the islands; formerly under French law)
(government_suffrage#new_caledonia#18 years of age; universal)
(government_executive_branch_chief_of_state#new_caledonia#President {of France} Jacques CHIRAC {since 17 May 1995} represented by High Commissioner and President of the Council of Government Dominque BUR {since NA}, who was appointed by the French Ministry of the Interior)
(government_executive_branch_head_of_government#new_caledonia#President of the Territorial Assembly Pierre FROGIER {since NA} was elected by the members of the Assembly)
(government_executive_branch_cabinet#new_caledonia#Consultative Committee)
(government_legislative_branch#new_caledonia#unicameral)
(government_territorial_assembly#new_caledonia#elections last held 9 July 1995 {next to be held NA July 2001}; results - percent by party NA; seats - {54 total} RPCR 22, NCPT 7, other anti-independence parties 6, FLNKS 12, other pro-independence parties 7)
(government_french_senate#new_caledonia#elections last held 27 September 1992 {next to be held NA September 2001}; results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - {1 total} RPCR 1)
(government_french_national_assembly#new_caledonia#elections last held 21 March 1993 {next to be held 21 and 28 March 1998}; results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - {2 total} RPCR 2)
(government_judicial_branch#new_caledonia#Court of Appeal)
(government_political_parties_and_leaders#new_caledonia#white-dominated Rassemblement pour la Caledonie dans la Republique {RPCR}, conservative, Jacques LAFLEUR, president - affiliated to France's Rassemblement pour la Republique {RPR; also called South Province Party}; Melanesian proindependence Kanaka Socialist National Liberation Front {FLNKS}, Rock WAMYTAN; Melanesian moderate Kanak Socialist Liberation {LKS}, Nidoish NAISSELINE; National Front {FN}, extreme right, Guy GEORGE; Caledonie Demain {CD}, right-wing, Bernard MARANT; Union Oceanienne {UO}, conservative, Michel HEMA; Front Uni de Liberation Kanak {FULK}, proindependence, Clarence UREGEI; Union Caledonian {UC}, Francois BURCK, president; "1999" {new party calling for an autonomous state}, Philippe PENTECOST; Nouvelle-Caledonie Pour Toute {NCPT})
(government_international_organization_participation#new_caledonia#ESCAP {associate}, FZ, ICFTU, SPC, WFTU, WMO)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us#new_caledonia#none {overseas territory of France})
(government_us_diplomatic_representation#new_caledonia#none {overseas territory of France})
(government_flag#new_caledonia#three horizontal bands, blue {top}, red, and green, with a yellow disk enclosing a black symbol centered to the hoist side; the flag of France is used for official occasions)
(economy_economic_overview#new_caledonia#New Caledonia has more than 20% of the world's known nickel resources. In recent years, the economy has suffered because of depressed international demand for nickel, the principal source of export earnings. Only a negligible amount of the land is suitable for cultivation, and food accounts for about 25% of imports.)
(economy_gdp#new_caledonia#purchasing power parity - $1.5 billion {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_real_growth_rate#new_caledonia#NA%)
(economy_gdp_per_capita#new_caledonia#$8,000 {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_agriculture#new_caledonia#5%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_industry#new_caledonia#35%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_services#new_caledonia#60% {1992 est.})
(economy_inflation_rate_{consumer_prices}#new_caledonia#1.4% {1990})
(economy_labor_force#new_caledonia#70,044 {1988})
(economy_labor_force_by_occupation#new_caledonia#agriculture 32%, industry 20%, services 40%, mines 8% {1992})
(economy_unemployment_rate#new_caledonia#15% {1994})
(economy_budget_revenues#new_caledonia#$540 million)
(economy_budget_expenditures#new_caledonia#$540 million, including capital expenditures of $NA {1991 est.})
(economy_industries#new_caledonia#nickel mining and smelting)
(economy_industrial_production_growth_rate#new_caledonia#NA%)
(economy_electricity_capacity#new_caledonia#250,000 kW)
(economy_electricity_production#new_caledonia#1.2 billion kWh)
(economy_electricity_consumption_per_capita#new_caledonia#6,178 kWh {1993})
(economy_agriculture#new_caledonia#vegetables; beef, other livestock products)
(economy_exports#new_caledonia#$477 million {f.o.b., 1992})
(economy_exports_commodities#new_caledonia#nickel metal 22%, nickel ore)
(economy_exports_partners#new_caledonia#France 32.2%, Japan 23.5%, Germany 6.7%, US 3.6%, India 1.2%)
(economy_imports#new_caledonia#$926 million {c.i.f., 1992})
(economy_imports_commodities#new_caledonia#foods, fuels, minerals, machines, electrical equipment)
(economy_imports_partners#new_caledonia#France 46.3%, ECE 14.9%, Australia 10.2%, Japan 6.3%, New Zealand 4.4%)
(economy_external_debt#new_caledonia#$NA)
(economy_economic_aid_recipient#new_caledonia#ODA, $NA)
(economy_currency#new_caledonia#1 CFP franc {CFPF} = 100 centimes)
(economy_exchange_rates#new_caledonia#Comptoirs Francais du Pacifique francs {CFPF} per US$1 - 91.00 {January 1996}, 90.75 {1995}, 100.93 {1994}, 102.96 {1993}, 96.24 {1992}, 102.57 {1991}; note - linked at the rate of 18.18 to the French franc)
(economy_fiscal_year#new_caledonia#calendar year)
(transportation_railways#new_caledonia#0 km)
(transportation_highways_total#new_caledonia#6,340 km)
(transportation_highways_paved#new_caledonia#634 km)
(transportation_highways_unpaved#new_caledonia#5,706 km {1987 est.})
(transportation_ports#new_caledonia#Mueo, Noumea, Thio)
(transportation_merchant_marine_total#new_caledonia#1 roll-on/roll-off ship {1,000 GRT or over} totaling 3,079 GRT/724 DWT {1995 est.})
(transportation_airports#new_caledonia#28)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_over_3,047_m#new_caledonia#1)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_914_to_1,523_m#new_caledonia#3)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_under_914_m#new_caledonia#12)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_914_to_1,523_m#new_caledonia#12 {1995 est.})
(transportation_heliports#new_caledonia#7 {1995 est.})
(communications_telephones#new_caledonia#38,748 {1993 est.})
(communications_telephone_system_domestic#new_caledonia#NA)
(communications_telephone_system_international#new_caledonia#satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat {Pacific Ocean})
(communications_radio_broadcast_stations#new_caledonia#AM 5, FM 3, shortwave 0)
(communications_radios#new_caledonia#97,000 {1992 est.})
(communications_television_broadcast_stations#new_caledonia#7)
(communications_televisions#new_caledonia#47,000 {1992 est.})
(defense_branches#new_caledonia#French Armed Forces {Army, Navy, Air Force, Gendarmerie}; Police Force)
(defense_defense_expenditures#new_caledonia#$NA, NA% of GDP)
(defense_defense_note#new_caledonia#defense is the responsibility of France)
(geography_location#new_zealand#Oceania, islands in the South Pacific Ocean, southeast of Australia)
(geography_geographic_coordinates#new_zealand#41 00 S, 174 00 E)
(geography_map_references#new_zealand#Oceania)
(geography_area_total_area#new_zealand#268,680 sq km)
(geography_area_land_area#new_zealand#268,670 sq km)
(geography_area_comparative_area#new_zealand#about the size of Colorado)
(geography_area_note#new_zealand#includes Antipodes Islands, Auckland Islands, Bounty Islands, Campbell Island, Chatham Islands, and Kermadec Islands)
(geography_land_boundaries#new_zealand#0 km)
(geography_coastline#new_zealand#15,134 km)
(geography_maritime_claims_continental_shelf#new_zealand#200 nm or to the edge of the continental margin)
(geography_maritime_claims_exclusive_economic_zone#new_zealand#200 nm)
(geography_maritime_claims_territorial_sea#new_zealand#12 nm)
(geography_international_disputes#new_zealand#territorial claim in Antarctica {Ross Dependency})
(geography_climate#new_zealand#temperate with sharp regional contrasts)
(geography_terrain#new_zealand#predominately mountainous with some large coastal plains)
(geography_terrain_lowest_point#new_zealand#Pacific Ocean 0 m)
(geography_terrain_highest_point#new_zealand#Mount Cook 3,764 m)
(geography_natural_resources#new_zealand#natural gas, iron ore, sand, coal, timber, hydropower, gold, limestone)
(geography_land_use_arable_land#new_zealand#2%)
(geography_land_use_permanent_crops#new_zealand#0%)
(geography_land_use_meadows_and_pastures#new_zealand#53%)
(geography_land_use_forest_and_woodland#new_zealand#38%)
(geography_land_use_other#new_zealand#7%)
(geography_irrigated_land#new_zealand#2,800 sq km {1989 est.})
(geography_environment_current_issues#new_zealand#deforestation; soil erosion; native flora and fauna hard-hit by species introduced from outside)
(geography_environment_natural_hazards#new_zealand#earthquakes are common, though usually not severe; volcanic activity)
(geography_environment_international_agreements#new_zealand#party to - Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Marine Dumping, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Tropical Timber 83, Wetlands, Whaling; signed, but not ratified - Law of the Sea, Marine Life Conservation, Tropical Timber 94)
(geography_geographic_note#new_zealand#about 80% of the population lives in cities)
(people_population#new_zealand#3,547,983 {July 1996 est.})
(people_age_structure_0-14_years#new_zealand#23% {male 420,900; female 400,159})
(people_age_structure_15-64_years#new_zealand#65% {male 1,161,522; female 1,154,536})
(people_age_structure_65_years_and_over#new_zealand#12% {male 177,182; female 233,684} {July 1996 est.})
(people_population_growth_rate#new_zealand#1.12% {1996 est.})
(people_birth_rate#new_zealand#15.78 births/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_death_rate#new_zealand#7.72 deaths/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_net_migration_rate#new_zealand#3.17 migrant{s}/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_sex_ratio_at_birth#new_zealand#1.05 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_under_15_years#new_zealand#1.05 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_15-64_years#new_zealand#1.01 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_65_years_and_over#new_zealand#0.76 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_all_ages#new_zealand#0.98 male{s}/female {1996 est.})
(people_infant_mortality_rate#new_zealand#6.7 deaths/1,000 live births {1996 est.})
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_total_population#new_zealand#77.01 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_male#new_zealand#73.96 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_female#new_zealand#80.21 years {1996 est.})
(people_total_fertility_rate#new_zealand#2.01 children born/woman {1996 est.})
(people_nationality_noun#new_zealand#New Zealander{s})
(people_nationality_adjective#new_zealand#New Zealand)
(people_ethnic_divisions#new_zealand#European 88%, Maori 8.9%, Pacific Islander 2.9%, other 0.2%)
(people_religions#new_zealand#Anglican 24%, Presbyterian 18%, Roman Catholic 15%, Methodist 5%, Baptist 2%, other Protestant 3%, unspecified or none 33% {1986})
(people_languages#new_zealand#English {official}, Maori)
(people_literacy#new_zealand#age 15 and over can read and write {1980 est.})
(people_literacy_total_population#new_zealand#99%)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_long_form#new_zealand#none)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_short_form#new_zealand#New Zealand)
(government_name_of_country_abbreviation#new_zealand#NZ)
(government_data_code#new_zealand#NZ)
(government_type_of_government#new_zealand#parliamentary democracy)
(government_capital#new_zealand#Wellington)
(government_administrative_divisions#new_zealand#93 counties, 9 districts*, and 3 town districts**; Akaroa, Amuri, Ashburton, Bay of Islands, Bruce, Buller, Chatham Islands, Cheviot, Clifton, Clutha, Cook, Dannevirke, Egmont, Eketahuna, Ellesmere, Eltham, Eyre, Featherston, Franklin, Golden Bay, Great Barrier Island, Grey, Hauraki Plains, Hawera*, Hawke's Bay, Heathcote, Hikurangi**, Hobson, Hokianga, Horowhenua, Hurunui, Hutt, Inangahua, Inglewood, Kaikoura, Kairanga, Kiwitea, Lake, Mackenzie, Malvern, Manaia**, Manawatu, Mangonui, Maniototo, Marlborough, Masterton, Matamata, Mount Herbert, Ohinemuri, Opotiki, Oroua, Otamatea, Otorohanga*, Oxford, Pahiatua, Paparua, Patea, Piako, Pohangina, Raglan, Rangiora*, Rangitikei, Rodney, Rotorua*, Runanga, Saint Kilda, Silverpeaks, Southland, Stewart Island, Stratford, Strathallan, Taranaki, Taumarunui, Taupo, Tauranga, Thames-Coromandel*, Tuapeka, Vincent, Waiapu, Waiheke, Waihemo, Waikato, Waikohu, Waimairi, Waimarino, Waimate, Waimate West, Waimea, Waipa, Waipawa*, Waipukurau*, Wairarapa South, Wairewa, Wairoa, Waitaki, Waitomo*, Waitotara, Wallace, Wanganui, Waverley**, Westland, Whakatane*, Whangarei, Whangaroa, Woodville)
(government_administrative_divisions_note#new_zealand#there may be a new administrative structure of 16 regions {Auckland, Bay of Plenty, Canterbury, Gisborne, Hawke's Bay, Marlborough, Nelson, Northland, Otago, Southland, Taranaki, Tasman, Waikato, Wanganui-Manawatu, Wellington, West Coast} that are subdivided into 57 districts and 16 cities* {Ashburton, Auckland*, Banks Peninsula, Buller, Carterton, Central Hawke's Bay, Central Otago, Christchurch*, Clutha, Dunedin*, Far North, Franklin, Gisborne, Gore, Grey, Hamilton*, Hastings, Hauraki, Horowhenua, Hurunui, Hutt*, Invercargill*, Kaikoura, Kaipara, Kapiti Coast, Kawerau, Mackenzie, Manawatu, Manukau*, Marlborough, Masterton, Matamata Piako, Napier*, Nelson*, New Plymouth, North Shore*, Opotiki, Otorohanga, Palmerston North*, Papakura*, Porirua*, Queenstown Lakes, Rangitikei, Rodney, Rotorua, Ruapehu, Selwyn, Southland, South Taranaki, South Waikato, South Wairarapa, Stratford, Tararua, Tasman, Taupo, Tauranga, Thames Coromandel, Timaru, Upper Hutt*, Waikato, Waimakariri, Waimate, Waipa, Wairoa, Waitakere*, Waitaki, Waitomo, Wanganui, Wellington*, Western Bay of Plenty, Westland, Whakatane, Whangarei})
(government_dependent_areas#new_zealand#Cook Islands, Niue, Tokelau)
(government_independence#new_zealand#26 September 1907 {from UK})
(government_national_holiday#new_zealand#Waitangi Day, 6 February {1840} {Treaty of Waitangi established British sovereignty})
(government_constitution#new_zealand#no formal, written constitution; consists of various documents, including certain acts of the UK and New Zealand Parliaments; Constitution Act 1986 was to have come into force 1 January 1987, but has not been enacted)
(government_legal_system#new_zealand#based on English law, with special land legislation and land courts for Maoris; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations)
(government_suffrage#new_zealand#18 years of age; universal)
(government_executive_branch_chief_of_state#new_zealand#Queen ELIZABETH II {since 6 February 1952} is a hereditary monarch, represented by Governor General Sir Michael HARDIE BOYS {since 21 March 1996})
(government_executive_branch_head_of_government#new_zealand#Prime Minister James BOLGER {since 29 October 1990} and Deputy Prime Minister Donald McKINNON {since 2 November 1990} were appointed by the governor general)
(government_executive_branch_cabinet#new_zealand#Executive Council was appointed by the governor general on the recommendation of the prime minister)
(government_legislative_branch#new_zealand#unicameral)
(government_house_of_representatives_{commonly_called_parliament}#new_zealand#elections last held 6 November 1993 {next must be called by November 1996}; results - NP 35.2%, NZLP 34.7%, Alliance 18.3%, New Zealand First 8.3%; seats - {99 total} NP 50, NZLP 45, Alliance 2, New Zealand First Party 2)
(government_judicial_branch#new_zealand#High Court; Court of Appeal)
(government_political_parties_and_leaders#new_zealand#National Party {NP, government}, James BOLGER; New Zealand Labor Party {NZLP, opposition}, Helen CLARK; Alliance, Jim ANDERTON; Democratic Party, Dick RYAN; New Zealand Liberal Party, Hanmish MACINTYRE and Gilbert MYLES; Green Party, no official leader; Mana Motuhake, Sandra LEE; Socialist Unity Party {SUP, pro-Soviet}, leader NA; New Zealand First, Winston PETERS; United New Zealand {UNZ}, Clive MATTHEWSON; Conservative Party {formerly Right of Centre Party}, Trevor ROGERS; Association of Consumers and Taxpayers, New Zealand {ACT}, Richard PREBBLE; Christian Democrats, Graeme LEE; Christian Heritage Party {CH}, Rev. Graham CAPILL)
(government_political_parties_and_leaders_note#new_zealand#the New Zealand Liberal, New Labor, Democratic, and Mana Motuhake parties formed a coalition called the Alliance Party in September 1991; the Green Party joined the coalition in May 1992; the National Party government formed a coalition with the United New Zealand Party in February 1996; the coalition will be valid through the 1996 elections)
(government_international_organization_participation#new_zealand#ANZUS {US suspended security obligations to NZ on 11 August 1986}, APEC, AsDB, Australia Group, C, CCC, CP, EBRD, ESCAP, FAO, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Inmarsat, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, IOM {observer}, ISO, ITU, MTCR, NAM {guest}, OECD, PCA, Sparteca, SPC, SPF, UN, UNAVEM III, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNPREDEP, UNPROFOR, UNTSO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTrO)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_chief_of_mission#new_zealand#Ambassador Lionel John WOOD)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_chancery#new_zealand#37 Observatory Circle NW, Washington, DC 20008)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_telephone#new_zealand#[1] {202} 328-4800)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_consulate{s}_general#new_zealand#Apia {Western Samoa}, Los Angeles)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_chief_of_mission#new_zealand#Ambassador Josiah Horton BEEMAN)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_embassy#new_zealand#29 Fitzherbert Terrace, Thorndon, Wellington)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_mailing_address#new_zealand#P. O. Box 1190, Wellington; PSC 467, Box 1, FPO AP 96531-1001)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_telephone#new_zealand#[64] {4} 472-2068)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_fax#new_zealand#[64] {4} 472-3537)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_consulate{s}_general#new_zealand#Auckland)
(government_flag#new_zealand#blue with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side quadrant with four red five-pointed stars edged in white centered in the outer half of the flag; the stars represent the Southern Cross constellation)
(economy_economic_overview#new_zealand#Since 1984 the government has been reorienting an agrarian economy dependent on a guaranteed British market toward a more industrialized, open, free market economy that can compete on the global scene. The government has hoped that dynamic growth would boost real incomes, broaden and deepen the technological capabilities of the industrial sector, reduce inflationary pressures, and permit the expansion of welfare benefits. The initial results were mixed: inflation is down from double-digit levels, but growth was sluggish in 1988-91. In 1992-93, growth picked up to 3% annually, a sign that the new economic approach was beginning to pay off. Business confidence strengthened in 1994, and export demand picked up in the Asia-Pacific region, resulting in 6.2% growth. Growth continued strong in 1995, and inflation remains among the lowest in the industrial world. The government announced its first budget surplus in 16 years in FY94/95 and forecasts a surplus of $5.0 billion in FY97/98. The government intends to use the surplus to reduce the debt, increase social spending, and cut taxes - by $1.35 billion over two years beginning in 1996. Per capita GDP now is up to the levels of the big West European economies.)
(economy_gdp#new_zealand#purchasing power parity - $62.3 billion {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_real_growth_rate#new_zealand#5.5% {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_per_capita#new_zealand#$18,300 {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_agriculture#new_zealand#7.3%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_industry#new_zealand#25.9%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_services#new_zealand#66.8% {1990})
(economy_inflation_rate_{consumer_prices}#new_zealand#2% {FY95/96})
(economy_labor_force#new_zealand#1,634,500 {September 1995})
(economy_labor_force_by_occupation#new_zealand#services 64.6%, industry 25.0%, agriculture 10.4% {1994})
(economy_unemployment_rate#new_zealand#6.1% {October 1995})
(economy_budget_revenues#new_zealand#$22.18 billion)
(economy_budget_expenditures#new_zealand#$20.28 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA {FY95/96 est.})
(economy_industries#new_zealand#food processing, wood and paper products, textiles, machinery, transportation equipment, banking and insurance, tourism, mining)
(economy_industrial_production_growth_rate#new_zealand#NA%)
(economy_electricity_capacity#new_zealand#7,520,000 kW)
(economy_electricity_production#new_zealand#30.5 billion kWh)
(economy_electricity_consumption_per_capita#new_zealand#8,401 kWh {1993})
(economy_agriculture#new_zealand#wheat, barley, potatoes, pulses, fruits, vegetables; wool, meat, dairy products; fish catch reached a record 503,000 metric tons in 1988)
(economy_exports#new_zealand#$13.41 billion {1995})
(economy_exports_commodities#new_zealand#wool, lamb, mutton, beef, fish, cheese, chemicals, forestry products, fruits and vegetables, manufactures)
(economy_exports_partners#new_zealand#Australia 20%, Japan 15%, US 12%, UK 6%)
(economy_imports#new_zealand#$13.62 billion {1995})
(economy_imports_commodities#new_zealand#machinery and equipment, vehicles and aircraft, petroleum, consumer goods)
(economy_imports_partners#new_zealand#Australia 21%, US 18%, Japan 16%, UK 6%)
(economy_external_debt#new_zealand#$38.5 billion {September 1994})
(economy_economic_aid_donor#new_zealand#ODA, $98 million {1993})
(economy_currency#new_zealand#1 New Zealand dollar {NZ$} = 100 cents)
(economy_exchange_rates#new_zealand#New Zealand dollars {NZ$} per US$1 - 1.5138 {January 1996}, 1.5235 {1995}, 1.6844 {1994}, 1.8495 {1993}, 1.8584 {1992}, 1.7265 {1991})
(economy_fiscal_year#new_zealand#1 July - 30 June)
(transportation_railways_total#new_zealand#3,973 km)
(transportation_railways_narrow_gauge#new_zealand#3,973 km 1.067-m gauge {504 km electrified})
(transportation_highways_total#new_zealand#93,348 km)
(transportation_highways_paved#new_zealand#54,142 km {including 141 km of expressways})
(transportation_highways_unpaved#new_zealand#39,206 km {1992 est.})
(transportation_waterways#new_zealand#1,609 km; of little importance to transportation)
(transportation_pipelines#new_zealand#petroleum products 160 km; natural gas 1,000 km; condensate {liquefied petroleum gas - LPG} 150 km)
(transportation_ports#new_zealand#Auckland, Christchurch, Dunedin, Tauranga, Wellington)
(transportation_merchant_marine_total#new_zealand#17 ships {1,000 GRT or over} totaling 162,220 GRT/213,749 DWT)
(transportation_merchant_marine_ships_by_type#new_zealand#bulk 6, cargo 1, liquefied gas tanker 1, oil tanker 3, railcar carrier 1, roll-on/roll-off cargo 5 {1995 est.})
(transportation_airports_total#new_zealand#113)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_over_3,047_m#new_zealand#2)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_1,524_to_2,437_m#new_zealand#8)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_914_to_1,523_m#new_zealand#31)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_under_914_m#new_zealand#50)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_1,524_to_2,437_m#new_zealand#1)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_914_to_1,523_m#new_zealand#21 {1995 est.})
(communications_telephones#new_zealand#1.7 million {1986 est.})
(communications_telephone_system#new_zealand#excellent international and domestic systems)
(communications_telephone_system_domestic#new_zealand#NA)
(communications_telephone_system_international#new_zealand#submarine cables to Australia and Fiji; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat {Pacific Ocean})
(communications_radio_broadcast_stations#new_zealand#AM 64, FM 2, shortwave 0)
(communications_radios#new_zealand#3.215 million {1992 est.})
(communications_television_broadcast_stations#new_zealand#14 {1986 est.})
(communications_televisions#new_zealand#1.53 million {1992 est.})
(defense_branches#new_zealand#New Zealand Army, Royal New Zealand Navy, Royal New Zealand Air Force)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_age_15-49#new_zealand#927,212)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_fit_for_military_service#new_zealand#780,976)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_reach_military_age_{20}_annually#new_zealand#27,433 {1996 est.})
(defense_defense_expenditures#new_zealand#exchange rate conversion - $556 million, 1% of GDP {FY93/94})
(geography_location#nicaragua#Middle America, bordering both the Caribbean Sea and the North Pacific Ocean, between Costa Rica and Honduras)
(geography_geographic_coordinates#nicaragua#13 00 N, 85 00 W)
(geography_map_references#nicaragua#Central America and the Caribbean)
(geography_area_total_area#nicaragua#129,494 sq km)
(geography_area_land_area#nicaragua#120,254 sq km)
(geography_area_comparative_area#nicaragua#slightly larger than New York State)
(geography_land_boundaries_total#nicaragua#1,231 km)
(geography_land_boundaries_border_countries#nicaragua#Costa Rica 309 km, Honduras 922 km)
(geography_coastline#nicaragua#910 km)
(geography_maritime_claims_contiguous_zone#nicaragua#25-nm security zone)
(geography_maritime_claims_continental_shelf#nicaragua#natural prolongation)
(geography_maritime_claims_territorial_sea#nicaragua#200 nm)
(geography_international_disputes#nicaragua#territorial disputes with Colombia over the Archipelago de San Andres y Providencia and Quita Sueno Bank; with respect to the maritime boundary question in the Golfo de Fonseca, the International Court of Justice {ICJ} referred the disputants to an earlier agreement in this century and advised that some tripartite resolution among El Salvador, Honduras, and Nicaragua likely would be required; maritime boundary dispute with Honduras)
(geography_climate#nicaragua#tropical in lowlands, cooler in highlands)
(geography_terrain#nicaragua#extensive Atlantic coastal plains rising to central interior mountains; narrow Pacific coastal plain interrupted by volcanoes)
(geography_terrain_lowest_point#nicaragua#Pacific Ocean 0 m)
(geography_terrain_highest_point#nicaragua#Mogoton 2,438 m)
(geography_natural_resources#nicaragua#gold, silver, copper, tungsten, lead, zinc, timber, fish)
(geography_land_use_arable_land#nicaragua#9%)
(geography_land_use_permanent_crops#nicaragua#1%)
(geography_land_use_meadows_and_pastures#nicaragua#43%)
(geography_land_use_forest_and_woodland#nicaragua#35%)
(geography_land_use_other#nicaragua#12%)
(geography_irrigated_land#nicaragua#850 sq km {1989 est.})
(geography_environment_current_issues#nicaragua#deforestation; soil erosion; water pollution)
(geography_environment_natural_hazards#nicaragua#destructive earthquakes, volcanoes, landslides, and occasionally severe hurricanes)
(geography_environment_international_agreements#nicaragua#party to - Biodiversity, Climate Change, Endangered Species, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Whaling; signed, but not ratified - Desertification, Environmental Modification, Law of the Sea)
(people_population#nicaragua#4,272,352 {July 1996 est.})
(people_age_structure_0-14_years#nicaragua#44% {male 951,254; female 938,599})
(people_age_structure_15-64_years#nicaragua#53% {male 1,105,069; female 1,164,144})
(people_age_structure_65_years_and_over#nicaragua#3% {male 49,027; female 64,259} {July 1996 est.})
(people_population_growth_rate#nicaragua#2.67% {1996 est.})
(people_birth_rate#nicaragua#33.83 births/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_death_rate#nicaragua#6.01 deaths/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_net_migration_rate#nicaragua#-1.17 migrant{s}/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_sex_ratio_at_birth#nicaragua#1.04 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_under_15_years#nicaragua#1.01 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_15-64_years#nicaragua#0.95 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_65_years_and_over#nicaragua#0.76 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_all_ages#nicaragua#0.97 male{s}/female {1996 est.})
(people_infant_mortality_rate#nicaragua#45.8 deaths/1,000 live births {1996 est.})
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_total_population#nicaragua#65.72 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_male#nicaragua#63.41 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_female#nicaragua#68.13 years {1996 est.})
(people_total_fertility_rate#nicaragua#4.03 children born/woman {1996 est.})
(people_nationality_noun#nicaragua#Nicaraguan{s})
(people_nationality_adjective#nicaragua#Nicaraguan)
(people_ethnic_divisions#nicaragua#mestizo {mixed Amerindian and white} 69%, white 17%, black 9%, Indian 5%)
(people_religions#nicaragua#Roman Catholic 95%, Protestant 5%)
(people_languages#nicaragua#Spanish {official})
(people_languages_note#nicaragua#English- and Indian-speaking minorities on Atlantic coast)
(people_literacy#nicaragua#age 15 and over can read and write {1995 est.})
(people_literacy_total_population#nicaragua#65.7%)
(people_literacy_male#nicaragua#64.6%)
(people_literacy_female#nicaragua#66.6%)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_long_form#nicaragua#Republic of Nicaragua)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_short_form#nicaragua#Nicaragua)
(government_name_of_country_local_long_form#nicaragua#Republica de Nicaragua)
(government_name_of_country_local_short_form#nicaragua#Nicaragua)
(government_data_code#nicaragua#NU)
(government_type_of_government#nicaragua#republic)
(government_capital#nicaragua#Managua)
(government_administrative_divisions#nicaragua#15 departments {departamentos, singular - departamento}, 2 autonomous regions* {regions autonomista, singular - region autonomista}; Boaco, Carazo, Chinandega, Chontales, Esteli, Granada, Jinotega, Leon, Madriz, Managua, Masaya, Matagalpa, Nueva Segovia, Atlantica Norte*, Atlantica Sur*, Rio San Juan, Rivas)
(government_independence#nicaragua#15 September 1821 {from Spain})
(government_national_holiday#nicaragua#Independence Day, 15 September {1821})
(government_constitution#nicaragua#9 January 1987)
(government_legal_system#nicaragua#civil law system; Supreme Court may review administrative acts)
(government_suffrage#nicaragua#16 years of age; universal)
(government_executive_branch_chief_of_state_and_head_of_government#nicaragua#President Violeta Barrios de CHAMORRO {since 25 April 1990} was elected for a six-year term {amended to a five-year term in July 1995} by universal suffrage; Vice President Julia MENA Rivera {since 22 October 1995} replaced Virgilio GODOY, who resigned to run for the presidency in 1996 as required by law; election last held 25 February 1990 {next to be held 20 October 1996}; results - Violeta Barrios de CHAMORRO {UNO} 54.7%, Daniel ORTEGA Saavedra {FSLN} 40.8%, other 4.5%)
(government_executive_branch_cabinet#nicaragua#Cabinet)
(government_legislative_branch#nicaragua#unicameral)
(government_national_assembly_{asamblea_nacional}#nicaragua#elections last held 25 February 1990 {next to be held NA October 1996}; results - UNO coalition 53.9%, Sandinista bloc 40.8%, PSC 1.6%, MUR 1.0%; seats - {92 total} UNO coalition 53 {Center Group 9, UDC 6, PSD 5, APC 5, PLC 5, PLI 4, PND 3, PAN 3, PNC 3, MDN 2, PCdeN 2, independents 6} and Sandinista bloc 39 {MRS 16, BUS-Sandinista 9, FSLN 8, Sandinista Group of Reflection 4, FSLN-independents 2})
(government_judicial_branch#nicaragua#Supreme Court {Corte Suprema}, judges elected for a six-year term {amended to a seven-year term in July 1995} by the National Assembly)
(government_political_parties_and_leaders_right#nicaragua#Liberal Constitutionalist Party {PLC}, Arnold ALEMAN; Conservative Popular Alliance Party {APC}, Myriam ARGUELLO; Independent Liberal Party for National Unity {PLIUN}, Carlos GUERRA Gallardo; Conservative Action Movement {MAC}; Conservative Party of Nicaragua {PCN - formed in 1992 by the merger of the Conservative Social Party or PSC with the Democratic Conservative Party or PCD and the Conservative party of Labor or PCL}, Fernando AGUERO; National Conservative Party {PNC}, Adolfo CALERO, Noel VIDUARRE)
(government_political_parties_and_leaders_center_right#nicaragua#Neoliberal Party {PALI}, Ricardo VEGA Garcia; Nicaraguan Resistance Party {PRN}, Fabio GADEA, Enrique QUINONEZ; Independent Liberal Party {PLI}, Wilfredo NAVARRO; National Project {PRONAL}, Antonio LACAYO Oyanguren; Nicaraguan Democratic Alliance Party {PADENIC}, Pedro MAYORGA Knilands; Nationalist Liberal Party {PLN}, Roberto CASTILLO Quant; Party for Liberal Unity {PUL}, Haroldo MONTEALEGRE; Fuerza '96, Francesco MAYORGA)
(government_political_parties_and_leaders_center_left#nicaragua#Christian Democratic Union {UDC}, Luis Humberto GUZMAN; Nicaraguan Democratic Movement {MDN}, Alfredo GUZMAN; Social Democratic Party {PSD}, Adolfo JARQUIN; National Justice Party {PJN}, Jorge DIAZ Cruz; National Action Party {PAN}, Delvis MONTIEL; Renovating Action Movement {MAR}, Pablo HERNANDEZ; Sandinista Renovation Movement {MRS}, Sergio RAMIREZ; Social Christian Party {PCS}, Erick RAMIREZ; Democratic Action Party {PAD}, Eden PASTORA; "Up with Nicaragua" {Arriba Nicaragua}, Alvaro ROBELO; National Democratic Party {PND}, Alfredo CESAR Aquirre; Communist Party of Nicaragua {PCdeN}, Eli ALTIMIRANO Perez)
(government_political_parties_and_leaders_left#nicaragua#Sandinista National Liberation Front {FSLN}, Daniel ORTEGA; Revolutionary Workers' Party {PRT}, Bonifacio MIRANDA; Popular Action Movement-Marxist-Leninist {MAP-ML}, Isidro TELLEZ; Nicaraguan Socialist Party {PSN}, Gustavo TABLADA; Unidad Nicaraguense de Obreros, Campesinos, y Profesionales {UNOCP}, Rosalio GONZALEZ Urbina; Central American Unionist Party {PUCA}, Blanca ROJAS Echaverry)
(government_political_parties_and_leaders_note#nicaragua#the UNO coalition that won the 1990 elections no longer exists; the different blocs that formerly were united under the UNO umbrella and their opposition to the Sandinistas now act and vote independently)
(government_other_political_or_pressure_groups#nicaragua#National Workers Front {FNT} is a Sandinista umbrella group of eight labor unions: Sandinista Workers' Central {CST}; Farm Workers Association {ATC}; Health Workers Federation {FETASALUD}; National Union of Employees {UNE}; National Association of Educators of Nicaragua {ANDEN}; Union of Journalists of Nicaragua {UPN}; Heroes and Martyrs Confederation of Professional Associations {CONAPRO}; and the National Union of Farmers and Ranchers {UNAG}; Permanent Congress of Workers {CPT} is an umbrella group of four non-Sandinista labor unions: Confederation of Labor Unification {CUS}; Autonomous Nicaraguan Workers' Central {CTN-A}; Independent General Confederation of Labor {CGT-I}; and Labor Action and Unity Central {CAUS}; Nicaraguan Workers' Central {CTN} is an independent labor union; Superior Council of Private Enterprise {COSEP} is a confederation of business groups)
(government_international_organization_participation#nicaragua#BCIE, CACM, ECLAC, FAO, G-77, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ITU, LAES, LAIA {observer}, NAM, OAS, OPANAL, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_chief_of_mission#nicaragua#Ambassador Roberto Genaro MAYORGA Cortes)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_chancery#nicaragua#1627 New Hampshire Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20009)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_telephone#nicaragua#[1] {202} 939-6570)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_consulate{s}_general#nicaragua#Houston, Los Angeles, Miami, New Orleans, New York, San Francisco)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_chief_of_mission#nicaragua#Ambassador John F. MAISTO)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_embassy#nicaragua#Kilometer 4.5 Carretera Sur., Managua)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_mailing_address#nicaragua#APO AA 34021)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_telephone#nicaragua#[505] {2} 666010 through 666013, 666015 through 18, 666026, 666027, 666032 through 33)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_fax#nicaragua#[505] {2} 669074)
(government_flag#nicaragua#three equal horizontal bands of blue {top}, white, and blue with the national coat of arms centered in the white band; the coat of arms features a triangle encircled by the words REPUBLICA DE NICARAGUA on the top and AMERICA CENTRAL on the bottom; similar to the flag of El Salvador, which features a round emblem encircled by the words REPUBLICA DE EL SALVADOR EN LA AMERICA CENTRAL centered in the white band; also similar to the flag of Honduras, which has five blue stars arranged in an X pattern centered in the white band)
(economy_economic_overview#nicaragua#The Nicaraguan economy, devastated during the 1980s by economic mismanagement and civil war, is beginning to rebound. Since March 1991, when President CHAMORRO launched an ambitious economic stabilization program, Nicaragua has had considerable success in reducing inflation and obtaining substantial economic aid from abroad. Annual inflation fell from more than 750% in 1991 to less than 5% in 1992. After rising again to an estimated 20% in 1993, the annual inflation rate was 11.7% in 1994 and 11.4% in 1995. While economic growth was flat in 1992 and negative in 1993, the 1995 growth rate is about 4%, thanks to surges in most export categories. Recent legislation {November 1995} authorizing the privatization of the TELCOR telecommunications company and resolving the issue of property confiscated by the previous Sandinista government may reassure potential investors. The government's efforts to liberalize trade include a December 1995 decision to stop requiring exporters to bring their foreign exchange earnings into Nicaragua. On the debt front, the Nicaraguan Government launched a successful debt buyback program in 1995, purchasing 73% of its $1.373 billion commercial debt inherited from previous governments. Progress also occurred on reducing bilateral debt in November 1995 as Nicaragua reached an agreement with Germany, reducing Nicaragua's $616 million debt to the former GDR by 80%. Debt reduction agreements with Paris Club creditors and rescheduling with the US also took place. Unemployment remains a pressing problem, however, with roughly half the country's population unemployed or underemployed.)
(economy_gdp#nicaragua#purchasing power parity - $7.1 billion {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_real_growth_rate#nicaragua#4.2% {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_per_capita#nicaragua#$1,700 {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_agriculture#nicaragua#NA%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_industry#nicaragua#NA%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_services#nicaragua#NA%)
(economy_inflation_rate_{consumer_prices}#nicaragua#11.4% {1995 est.})
(economy_labor_force#nicaragua#1.086 million)
(economy_labor_force_by_occupation#nicaragua#services 43%, agriculture 44%, industry 13% {1986})
(economy_unemployment_rate#nicaragua#20% substantial underemployment {1995 est.})
(economy_budget_revenues#nicaragua#$389 million)
(economy_budget_expenditures#nicaragua#$551 million, including capital expenditures of $NA {1996 est.})
(economy_industries#nicaragua#food processing, chemicals, metal products, textiles, clothing, petroleum refining and distribution, beverages, footwear)
(economy_industrial_production_growth_rate#nicaragua#1.4% {1994 est.})
(economy_electricity_capacity#nicaragua#460,000 kW)
(economy_electricity_production#nicaragua#1.64 billion kWh {1994})
(economy_electricity_consumption_per_capita#nicaragua#376 kWh {1993})
(economy_agriculture#nicaragua#coffee, bananas, sugarcane, cotton, rice, corn, cassava {tapioca}, citrus, beans; beef, veal, pork, poultry, dairy products)
(economy_illicit_drugs#nicaragua#transshipment point for cocaine destined for the US)
(economy_exports#nicaragua#$525.5 million {f.o.b., 1995 est.})
(economy_exports_commodities#nicaragua#meat, coffee, cotton, sugar, seafood, gold, bananas)
(economy_exports_partners#nicaragua#US, Central America, Canada, Germany)
(economy_imports#nicaragua#$870 million {c.i.f., 1995 est.})
(economy_imports_commodities#nicaragua#consumer goods, machinery and equipment, petroleum products)
(economy_imports_partners#nicaragua#Central America, US, Venezuela, Japan)
(economy_external_debt#nicaragua#$11.7 billion {1994})
(economy_economic_aid_recipient#nicaragua#ODA, $NA)
(economy_currency#nicaragua#1 gold cordoba {C$} = 100 centavos)
(economy_exchange_rates#nicaragua#gold cordobas {C$} per US$1 - 7.98 {December 1995}, 6.72 {1994}, 5.62 {1993}, 5.00 {1992}, 4.27 {1991})
(economy_fiscal_year#nicaragua#calendar year)
(transportation_railways_total#nicaragua#0 km)
(transportation_railways_narrow_gauge#nicaragua#0 km 1.067-m gauge; note - part of the previous 376 km system was closed and dismantled in 1993 and, in 1994, the remainder was closed, the track and rolling stock being sold for scrap)
(transportation_highways_total#nicaragua#26,000 km)
(transportation_highways_paved#nicaragua#4,000 km)
(transportation_highways_unpaved#nicaragua#22,000 km {1993 est.})
(transportation_highways_note#nicaragua#there is a 368.5 km portion of the Pan-American Highway which is not included in the total)
(transportation_waterways#nicaragua#2,220 km, including 2 large lakes)
(transportation_pipelines#nicaragua#crude oil 56 km)
(transportation_ports#nicaragua#Bluefields, Corinto, El Bluff, Puerto Cabezas, Puerto Sandino, Rama, San Juan del Sur)
(transportation_merchant_marine#nicaragua#none)
(transportation_airports_total#nicaragua#148)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_over_3,047_m#nicaragua#1)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_2,438_to_3,047_m#nicaragua#1)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_1,524_to_2,437_m#nicaragua#3)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_914_to_1,523_m#nicaragua#3)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_under_914_m#nicaragua#107)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_1,524_to_2,437_m#nicaragua#1)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_914_to_1,523_m#nicaragua#32 {1995 est.})
(communications_telephones#nicaragua#66,810 {1993 est.})
(communications_telephone_system#nicaragua#low-capacity microwave radio relay and wire system being expanded; connected to Central American Microwave System)
(communications_telephone_system_domestic#nicaragua#wire and microwave radio relay)
(communications_telephone_system_international#nicaragua#satellite earth stations - 1 Intersputnik {Atlantic Ocean Region} and 1 Intelsat {Atlantic Ocean})
(communications_radio_broadcast_stations#nicaragua#AM 45, FM 0, shortwave 3)
(communications_radios#nicaragua#1.037 million {1992 est.})
(communications_television_broadcast_stations#nicaragua#7 {1994 est.})
(communications_televisions#nicaragua#260,000 {1992 est.})
(defense_branches#nicaragua#Ground Forces, Navy, Air Force)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_age_15-49#nicaragua#988,883)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_fit_for_military_service#nicaragua#608,753)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_reach_military_age_{18}_annually#nicaragua#47,786 {1996 est.})
(defense_defense_expenditures#nicaragua#exchange rate conversion - $28.1 million, NA% of GDP {1996})
(geography_location#niger#Western Africa, southeast of Algeria)
(geography_geographic_coordinates#niger#16 00 N, 8 00 E)
(geography_map_references#niger#Africa)
(geography_area_total_area#niger#1.267 million sq km)
(geography_area_land_area#niger#1,266,700 sq km)
(geography_area_comparative_area#niger#slightly less than twice the size of Texas)
(geography_land_boundaries_total#niger#5,697 km)
(geography_land_boundaries_border_countries#niger#Algeria 956 km, Benin 266 km, Burkina Faso 628 km, Chad 1,175 km, Libya 354 km, Mali 821 km, Nigeria 1,497 km)
(geography_coastline#niger#0 km {landlocked})
(geography_maritime_claims#niger#none {landlocked})
(geography_international_disputes#niger#Libya claims about 19,400 sq km in northern Niger; demarcation of international boundaries in Lake Chad, the lack of which has led to border incidents in the past, is completed and awaiting ratification by Cameroon, Chad, Niger, and Nigeria; Burkina Faso and Mali are proceeding with boundary demarcation, including the tripoint with Niger)
(geography_climate#niger#desert; mostly hot, dry, dusty; tropical in extreme south)
(geography_terrain#niger#predominately desert plains and sand dunes; flat to rolling plains in south; hills in north)
(geography_terrain_lowest_point#niger#Niger River 200 m)
(geography_terrain_highest_point#niger#Mont Greboun 1,944 m)
(geography_natural_resources#niger#uranium, coal, iron ore, tin, phosphates)
(geography_land_use_arable_land#niger#3%)
(geography_land_use_permanent_crops#niger#0%)
(geography_land_use_meadows_and_pastures#niger#7%)
(geography_land_use_forest_and_woodland#niger#2%)
(geography_land_use_other#niger#88%)
(geography_irrigated_land#niger#320 sq km {1989 est.})
(geography_environment_current_issues#niger#overgrazing; soil erosion; deforestation; desertification; wildlife populations {such as elephant, hippopotamus, and lion} threatened because of poaching and habitat destruction)
(geography_environment_natural_hazards#niger#recurring droughts)
(geography_environment_international_agreements#niger#party to - Biodiversity, Climate Change, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands; signed, but not ratified - Desertification, Law of the Sea)
(geography_geographic_note#niger#landlocked)
(people_population#niger#9,113,001 {July 1996 est.})
(people_age_structure_0-14_years#niger#48% {male 2,233,157; female 2,138,096})
(people_age_structure_15-64_years#niger#50% {male 2,202,413; female 2,317,188})
(people_age_structure_65_years_and_over#niger#2% {male 117,337; female 104,810} {July 1996 est.})
(people_population_growth_rate#niger#2.99% {1996 est.})
(people_birth_rate#niger#54.46 births/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_death_rate#niger#24.57 deaths/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_net_migration_rate#niger#0 migrant{s}/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_sex_ratio_at_birth#niger#1.03 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_under_15_years#niger#1.04 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_15-64_years#niger#0.95 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_65_years_and_over#niger#1.12 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_all_ages#niger#1 male{s}/female {1996 est.})
(people_infant_mortality_rate#niger#117.6 deaths/1,000 live births {1996 est.})
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_total_population#niger#40.66 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_male#niger#41.05 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_female#niger#40.25 years {1996 est.})
(people_total_fertility_rate#niger#7.44 children born/woman {1996 est.})
(people_nationality_noun#niger#Nigerien{s})
(people_nationality_adjective#niger#Nigerien)
(people_ethnic_divisions#niger#Hausa 56%, Djerma 22%, Fula 8.5%, Tuareg 8%, Beri Beri {Kanouri} 4.3%, Arab, Toubou, and Gourmantche 1.2%, about 4,000 French expatriates)
(people_religions#niger#Muslim 80%, remainder indigenous beliefs and Christians)
(people_languages#niger#French {official}, Hausa, Djerma)
(people_literacy#niger#age 15 and over can read and write {1995 est.})
(people_literacy_total_population#niger#13.6%)
(people_literacy_male#niger#20.9%)
(people_literacy_female#niger#6.6%)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_long_form#niger#Republic of Niger)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_short_form#niger#Niger)
(government_name_of_country_local_long_form#niger#Republique du Niger)
(government_name_of_country_local_short_form#niger#Niger)
(government_data_code#niger#NG)
(government_type_of_government#niger#republic)
(government_capital#niger#Niamey)
(government_administrative_divisions#niger#7 departments {departements, singular - departement}, and 1 capital district* {capitale district}; Agadez, Diffa, Dosso, Maradi, Niamey*, Tahoua, Tillaberi, Zinder)
(government_independence#niger#3 August 1960 {from France})
(government_national_holiday#niger#Republic Day, 18 December {1958})
(government_constitution#niger#the constitution of January 1993 was revised by national referendum on 12 May 1996)
(government_legal_system#niger#based on French civil law system and customary law; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction)
(government_suffrage#niger#18 years of age; universal)
(government_executive_branch_chief_of_state#niger#President Colonel Ibrahim BARE Mainassara {since 28 January 1996 when he ousted President Mahamane OUSMANE in a coup}; Mahamane OUSMANE had been elected for a five-year term by universal suffrage; election last held 17 March 1993 {next to be held 7 July 1996})
(government_executive_branch_head_of_government#niger#Prime Minister Boukary ADJI {since NA January 1996} appointed by President BARE)
(government_executive_branch_cabinet#niger#National Salvation Council was appointed by President BARE)
(government_legislative_branch#niger#unicameral)
(government_national_assembly#niger#elected by proportional representation for a five-year term; election last held 12 January 1995 {next to be held NA September 1996}; results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - {83 total} MNSD-NASSARA 29, CDS 24, PNDS 12, ANDP-Z 9, UDFP 3, UDPS 2, PADN 2, PPN-RDA 1, UPDP 1; note - this National Assembly dissolved by President BARE after the coup on 28 January 1996)
(government_judicial_branch#niger#State Court {Cour d'Etat}; Court of Appeal {Cour d'Apel})
(government_political_parties_and_leaders#niger#National Movement of the Development Society {MNSD-NASSARA}, Mamadou TANDJA, chairman; Democratic and Social Convention {CDS}, Jacoub SANOUSSI; Nigerien Party for Democracy and Socialism {PNDS}, Mahamadou ISSOUFOU; Nigerien Alliance for Democracy and Progress-Zamanlahia {ANDP-Z}, Moumouni Adamou DJERMAKOYE; Union of Popular Forces for Democracy and Progress-Sawaba {UDFP}, Djibo BAKARY, chairman; Union for Democracy and Social Progress {UDPS}, Akoli DAOUEL; Niger Social Democrat Party {PADN}, Malam Adji WAZIRI; Niger Progressive Party-African Democratic Rally {PPN-RDA}, Dori ABDOULAI, chairman; Union of Patriots, Democrats, and Progressives {UPDP}, Professor Andre SALIFOU, chairman)
(government_international_organization_participation#niger#ACCT, ACP, AfDB, CCC, ECA, ECOWAS, Entente, FAO, FZ, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, ITU, NAM, OAU, OIC, UN, UNAMIR, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WADB, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_chief_of_mission#niger#Ambassador Adamou SEYDOU)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_chancery#niger#2204 R Street NW, Washington, DC 20008)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_telephone#niger#[1] {202} 483-4224 through 4227)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_chief_of_mission#niger#Ambassador John S. DAVISON)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_embassy#niger#Rue Des Ambassades, Niamey)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_mailing_address#niger#B. P. 11201, Niamey)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_telephone#niger#[227] 72 26 61 through 72 26 64)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_fax#niger#[227] 73 31 67)
(government_flag#niger#three equal horizontal bands of orange {top}, white, and green with a small orange disk {representing the sun} centered in the white band; similar to the flag of India, which has a blue spoked wheel centered in the white band)
(economy_economic_overview#niger#Niger is one of the world's poorest countries, with recent GDP growth barely matching the rapid growth of population. The economy is centered on subsistence agriculture, animal husbandry, and reexport trade, and increasingly less on uranium, its major export throughout the 1970s and 1980s. Uranium revenues dropped by almost 50% between 1983 and 1990 with the end of the uranium boom. Terms of trade with Nigeria, Niger's largest regional trade partner, have improved dramatically since the 50% devaluation of the African franc in January 1994; this devaluation boosted exports of livestock, peas, onions, and the products of Niger's small cotton industry. The government relies on bilateral and multilateral aid for operating expenses and public investment and is strongly induced to adhere to structural adjustment programs designed by the IMF and the World Bank.)
(economy_gdp#niger#purchasing power parity - $5.5 billion {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_real_growth_rate#niger#6.7% {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_per_capita#niger#$600 {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_agriculture#niger#38.5%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_industry#niger#17.9%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_services#niger#43.6% {1993})
(economy_inflation_rate_{consumer_prices}#niger#35.6% {1994 est.})
(economy_labor_force#niger#2.5 million wage earners {1982})
(economy_labor_force_by_occupation#niger#agriculture 90%, industry and commerce 6%, government 4%)
(economy_unemployment_rate#niger#NA%)
(economy_budget_revenues#niger#$188 million)
(economy_budget_expenditures#niger#$400 million, including capital expenditures of $125 million {1993 est.})
(economy_industries#niger#cement, brick, textiles, food processing, chemicals, slaughterhouses, and a few other small light industries; uranium mining)
(economy_industrial_production_growth_rate#niger#NA%)
(economy_electricity_capacity#niger#60,000 kW)
(economy_electricity_production#niger#200 million kWh)
(economy_electricity_consumption_per_capita#niger#42 kWh {1992})
(economy_agriculture#niger#cowpeas, cotton, peanuts, millet, sorghum, cassava {tapioca}, rice; cattle, sheep, goats)
(economy_exports#niger#$232 million {f.o.b., 1994 est.})
(economy_exports_commodities#niger#uranium ore 67%, livestock products 20%, cowpeas, onions)
(economy_exports_partners#niger#France 77%, Nigeria 8%, Cote d'Ivoire, Italy)
(economy_imports#niger#$234 million {c.i.f., 1994 est.})
(economy_imports_commodities#niger#consumer goods, primary materials, machinery, vehicles and parts, petroleum, cereals)
(economy_imports_partners#niger#France 23%, Cote d'Ivoire, Germany, Italy, Japan)
(economy_external_debt#niger#$1.41 billion {1995 est.})
(economy_economic_aid_recipient#niger#ODA, $NA)
(economy_currency#niger#1 Communaute Financiere Africaine franc {CFAF} = 100 centimes)
(economy_exchange_rates#niger#CFA francs {CFAF} per US$1 - 500.56 {January 1996}, 499.15 {1995}, 555.20 {1994}, 283.16 {1993}, 264.69 {1992}, 282.11 {1991})
(economy_exchange_rates_note#niger#beginning 12 January 1994, the CFA franc was devalued to CFAF 100 per French franc from CFAF 50 at which it had been fixed since 1948)
(economy_fiscal_year#niger#1 October - 30 September)
(transportation_railways#niger#0 km)
(transportation_highways_total#niger#11,258 km)
(transportation_highways_paved#niger#3,265 km)
(transportation_highways_unpaved#niger#7,993 km {1990 est.})
(transportation_waterways#niger#Niger river is navigable 300 km from Niamey to Gaya on the Benin frontier from mid-December through March)
(transportation_ports#niger#none)
(transportation_airports_total#niger#23)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_2,438_to_3,047_m#niger#2)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_1,524_to_2,437_m#niger#6)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_914_to_1,523_m#niger#1)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_under_914_m#niger#2)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_1,524_to_2,437_m#niger#1)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_914_to_1,523_m#niger#11 {1995 est.})
(communications_telephones#niger#14,000 {1991 est.})
(communications_telephone_system#niger#small system of wire, radiotelephone communications, and microwave radio relay links concentrated in southwestern area)
(communications_telephone_system_domestic#niger#wire, radiotelephone communications, and microwave radio relay; domestic satellite system with 3 earth stations and 1 planned)
(communications_telephone_system_international#niger#satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat {1 Atlantic Ocean and 1 Indian Ocean})
(communications_radio_broadcast_stations#niger#AM 15, FM 5, shortwave 0)
(communications_radios#niger#500,000 {1992 est.})
(communications_television_broadcast_stations#niger#18)
(communications_televisions#niger#38,000 {1992 est.})
(defense_branches#niger#Army, Air Force, National Gendarmerie, Republican Guard, National Police)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_age_15-49#niger#1,920,244)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_fit_for_military_service#niger#1,035,218)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_reach_military_age_{18}_annually#niger#92,132 {1996 est.})
(defense_defense_expenditures#niger#exchange rate conversion - $32 million, 1.3% of GDP {FY92/93})
(geography_location#nigeria#Western Africa, bordering the Gulf of Guinea, between Benin and Cameroon)
(geography_geographic_coordinates#nigeria#10 00 N, 8 00 E)
(geography_map_references#nigeria#Africa)
(geography_area_total_area#nigeria#923,770 sq km)
(geography_area_land_area#nigeria#910,770 sq km)
(geography_area_comparative_area#nigeria#slightly more than twice the size of California)
(geography_land_boundaries_total#nigeria#4,047 km)
(geography_land_boundaries_border_countries#nigeria#Benin 773 km, Cameroon 1,690 km, Chad 87 km, Niger 1,497 km)
(geography_coastline#nigeria#853 km)
(geography_maritime_claims_continental_shelf#nigeria#200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation)
(geography_maritime_claims_exclusive_economic_zone#nigeria#200 nm)
(geography_maritime_claims_territorial_sea#nigeria#30 nm)
(geography_international_disputes#nigeria#demarcation of international boundaries in vicinity of Lake Chad, the lack of which led to border incidents in the past, is completed and awaits ratification by Cameroon, Chad, Niger, and Nigeria; dispute with Cameroon over land and maritime boundaries in the vicinity of the Bakasi Peninsula has been referred to the ICJ)
(geography_climate#nigeria#varies; equatorial in south, tropical in center, arid in north)
(geography_terrain#nigeria#southern lowlands merge into central hills and plateaus; mountains in southeast, plains in north)
(geography_terrain_lowest_point#nigeria#Atlantic Ocean 0 m)
(geography_terrain_highest_point#nigeria#Chappal Waddi 2,419 m)
(geography_natural_resources#nigeria#petroleum, tin, columbite, iron ore, coal, limestone, lead, zinc, natural gas)
(geography_land_use_arable_land#nigeria#31%)
(geography_land_use_permanent_crops#nigeria#3%)
(geography_land_use_meadows_and_pastures#nigeria#23%)
(geography_land_use_forest_and_woodland#nigeria#15%)
(geography_land_use_other#nigeria#28%)
(geography_irrigated_land#nigeria#8,650 sq km {1989 est.})
(geography_environment_current_issues#nigeria#soil degradation; rapid deforestation; desertification; recent droughts in north severely affecting marginal agricultural activities)
(geography_environment_natural_hazards#nigeria#periodic droughts)
(geography_environment_international_agreements#nigeria#party to - Biodiversity, Climate Change, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Whaling; signed, but not ratified - Desertification)
(people_population#nigeria#103,912,489 {July 1996 est.})
(people_age_structure_0-14_years#nigeria#45% {male 23,455,266; female 23,245,099})
(people_age_structure_15-64_years#nigeria#52% {male 27,645,106; female 26,553,135})
(people_age_structure_65_years_and_over#nigeria#3% {male 1,522,862; female 1,491,021} {July 1996 est.})
(people_population_growth_rate#nigeria#3.05% {1996 est.})
(people_birth_rate#nigeria#42.89 births/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_death_rate#nigeria#12.71 deaths/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_net_migration_rate#nigeria#0.34 migrant{s}/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_sex_ratio_at_birth#nigeria#1.03 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_under_15_years#nigeria#1.01 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_15-64_years#nigeria#1.04 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_65_years_and_over#nigeria#1.02 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_all_ages#nigeria#1.03 male{s}/female {1996 est.})
(people_infant_mortality_rate#nigeria#72.4 deaths/1,000 live births {1996 est.})
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_total_population#nigeria#54.34 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_male#nigeria#53.06 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_female#nigeria#55.65 years {1996 est.})
(people_total_fertility_rate#nigeria#6.24 children born/woman {1996 est.})
(people_nationality_noun#nigeria#Nigerian{s})
(people_nationality_adjective#nigeria#Nigerian)
(people_ethnic_divisions_north#nigeria#Hausa and Fulani)
(people_ethnic_divisions_southwest#nigeria#Yoruba)
(people_ethnic_divisions_southeast#nigeria#Ibos non-Africans 27,000)
(people_ethnic_divisions_note#nigeria#Hausa and Fulani, Yoruba, and Ibos together make up 65% of population)
(people_religions#nigeria#Muslim 50%, Christian 40%, indigenous beliefs 10%)
(people_languages#nigeria#English {official}, Hausa, Yoruba, Ibo, Fulani)
(people_literacy#nigeria#age 15 and over can read and write {1995 est.})
(people_literacy_total_population#nigeria#57.1%)
(people_literacy_male#nigeria#67.3%)
(people_literacy_female#nigeria#47.3%)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_long_form#nigeria#Federal Republic of Nigeria)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_short_form#nigeria#Nigeria)
(government_data_code#nigeria#NI)
(government_type_of_government#nigeria#military government; Nigeria has been ruled by one military regime after another since 31 December 1983; on 1 October 1995, the present military government announced it will turn power over to democratically elected civilian authorities in October 1998)
(government_capital#nigeria#Abuja)
(government_capital_note#nigeria#on 12 December 1991 the capital was officially moved from Lagos to Abuja; many government offices remain in Lagos pending completion of facilities in Abuja)
(government_administrative_divisions#nigeria#30 states and 1 territory*; Abia, Abuja Capital Territory*, Adamawa, Akwa Ibom, Anambra, Bauchi, Benue, Borno, Cross River, Delta, Edo, Enugu, Imo, Jigawa, Kaduna, Kano, Katsina, Kebbi, Kogi, Kwara, Lagos, Niger, Ogun, Ondo, Osun, Oyo, Plateau, Rivers, Sokoto, Taraba, Yobe; note - some new administrative units may have been created)
(government_independence#nigeria#1 October 1960 {from UK})
(government_national_holiday#nigeria#Independence Day, 1 October {1960})
(government_constitution#nigeria#1979 constitution still in force; plan for 1989 constitution to take effect in 1993 was not implemented)
(government_legal_system#nigeria#based on English common law, Islamic law, and tribal law)
(government_suffrage#nigeria#21 years of age; universal)
(government_executive_branch_chief_of_state_and_head_of_government#nigeria#Chairman of the Provisional Ruling Council and Commander in Chief of Armed Forces and Defense Minister Gen. Sani ABACHA {since 17 November 1993}; Vice Chairman of the Provisional Ruling Council Oladipo DIYA {since 17 November 1993})
(government_executive_branch_cabinet#nigeria#Federal Executive Council)
(government_legislative_branch#nigeria#bicameral National Assembly)
(government_senate#nigeria#suspended after military takeover of 17 November 1993)
(government_house_of_representatives#nigeria#suspended after military takeover of 17 November 1993)
(government_judicial_branch#nigeria#Supreme Court, judges appointed by the Armed Forces Ruling Council; Federal Court of Appeal, judges are appointed by the federal government on the advice of the Advisory Judicial Committee)
(government_political_parties_and_leaders_note#nigeria#political party system suspended after the military takeover of 17 November 1993; the military regime has made successive promises to allow political parties to register at various times in 1996)
(government_international_organization_participation#nigeria#ACP, AfDB, C {suspended}, CCC, ECA, ECOWAS, FAO, G-15, G-19, G-24, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Inmarsat, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, ITU, MINURSO, NAM, OAU, OPEC, PCA, UN, UN Security Council {temporary}, UNAMIR, UNAVEM III, UNCRO, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIKOM, UNPREDEP, UNPROFOR, UNU, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_chief_of_mission#nigeria#Ambassador Zubair Mahmud KAZAURE)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_chancery#nigeria#1333 16th Street NW, Washington, DC 20036)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_telephone#nigeria#[1] {202} 986-8400)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_consulate{s}_general#nigeria#New York)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_chief_of_mission#nigeria#Ambassador Walter C. CARRINGTON)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_embassy#nigeria#2 Eleke Crescent, Lagos)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_mailing_address#nigeria#P. O. Box 554, Lagos)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_telephone#nigeria#[234] {1} 261-0097)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_fax#nigeria#[234] {1} 261-0257)
(government_flag#nigeria#three equal vertical bands of green {hoist side}, white, and green)
(economy_economic_overview#nigeria#The oil-rich Nigerian economy continues to be hobbled by political instability, corruption, and poor macroeconomic management. Nigeria's unpopular military rulers failed to make significant progress in diversifying the economy away from overdependence on the capital intensive oil sector which provides almost all foreign exchange earnings and about 80% of budgetary revenues. Regime officials also appear divided on how to redress fundamental economic imbalances that result in troublesome inflation, the steady depreciation of the naira, and the discouragement of investors. The government's domestic and international arrears continue to limit economic growth and prevent an agreement with the IMF and bilateral creditors on debt relief. The largely subsistence agricultural sector has failed to keep up with rapid population growth, and Nigeria, once a large net exporter of food, now must import food.)
(economy_gdp#nigeria#purchasing power parity - $135.9 billion {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_real_growth_rate#nigeria#2.6% {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_per_capita#nigeria#$1,300 {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_agriculture#nigeria#38%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_industry#nigeria#22%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_services#nigeria#40% {1994 est.})
(economy_inflation_rate_{consumer_prices}#nigeria#57% {1994 est.})
(economy_labor_force#nigeria#42.844 million)
(economy_labor_force_by_occupation#nigeria#agriculture 54%, industry, commerce, and services 19%, government 15%)
(economy_unemployment_rate#nigeria#28% {1992 est.})
(economy_budget_revenues#nigeria#$2.7 billion)
(economy_budget_expenditures#nigeria#$6.4 billion, including capital expenditures of $1.8 billion {1994 est.})
(economy_industries#nigeria#crude oil, coal, tin, columbite, palm oil, peanuts, cotton, rubber, wood, hides and skins, textiles, cement and other construction materials, food products, footwear, chemicals, fertilizer, printing, ceramics, steel)
(economy_industrial_production_growth_rate#nigeria#NA%)
(economy_electricity_capacity#nigeria#4,570,000 kW)
(economy_electricity_production#nigeria#11.3 billion kWh)
(economy_electricity_consumption_per_capita#nigeria#109 kWh {1993})
(economy_agriculture#nigeria#cocoa, peanuts, palm oil, rubber, corn, rice, sorghum, millet, cassava {tapioca}, yams; cattle, sheep, goats, pigs; fishing and forest resources extensively exploited)
(economy_illicit_drugs#nigeria#passenger and cargo air hub for West Africa; facilitates movement of heroin en route from Southeast and Southwest Asia to Western Europe and North America; increasingly a transit route for cocaine from South America intended for West European, East Asian, and North American markets)
(economy_exports#nigeria#$9.9 billion {f.o.b., 1993})
(economy_exports_commodities#nigeria#oil 98%, cocoa, rubber)
(economy_exports_partners#nigeria#US 52%, EC 34%)
(economy_imports#nigeria#$7.5 billion {c.i.f., 1993})
(economy_imports_commodities#nigeria#machinery, transportation equipment, manufactured goods, chemicals, food and animals)
(economy_imports_partners#nigeria#EC 50%, US 13%, Japan 7%)
(economy_external_debt#nigeria#$32.5 billion {1993})
(economy_economic_aid_recipient#nigeria#ODA, $NA)
(economy_currency#nigeria#1 naira {N} = 100 kobo)
(economy_exchange_rates#nigeria#naira {N} per US$1 - 21.886 {January 1996}, 21.895 {1995}, 21.996 {1994}, 22.065 {1993}, 17.298 {1992}, 9.909 {1991})
(economy_fiscal_year#nigeria#calendar year)
(transportation_railways_total#nigeria#3,557 km {1995})
(transportation_railways_narrow_gauge#nigeria#3,505 km 1.067-m gauge)
(transportation_railways_standard_gauge#nigeria#52 km 1.435-m gauge)
(transportation_highways_total#nigeria#112,140 km)
(transportation_highways_paved#nigeria#31,500 km)
(transportation_highways_unpaved#nigeria#80,640 km {1991 est.})
(transportation_waterways#nigeria#8,575 km consisting of the Niger and Benue rivers and smaller rivers and creeks)
(transportation_pipelines#nigeria#crude oil 2,042 km; petroleum products 3,000 km; natural gas 500 km)
(transportation_ports#nigeria#Calabar, Lagos, Onne, Port Harcourt, Sapele, Warri)
(transportation_merchant_marine_total#nigeria#33 ships {1,000 GRT or over} totaling 387,552 GRT/636,578 DWT)
(transportation_merchant_marine_ships_by_type#nigeria#bulk 1, cargo 16, chemical tanker 3, oil tanker 12, roll-on/roll-off cargo 1 {1995 est.})
(transportation_airports_total#nigeria#66)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_over_3,047_m#nigeria#6)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_2,438_to_3,047_m#nigeria#10)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_1,524_to_2,437_m#nigeria#10)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_914_to_1,523_m#nigeria#8)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_under_914_m#nigeria#18)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_over_3,047_m#nigeria#1)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_1,524_to_2,437_m#nigeria#1)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_914_to_1,523_m#nigeria#12 {1995 est.})
(transportation_heliports#nigeria#1 {1995 est.})
(communications_telephones#nigeria#492,204 {1990 est.})
(communications_telephone_system#nigeria#average system limited by poor maintenance; major expansion in progress)
(communications_telephone_system_domestic#nigeria#microwave radio relay, coaxial cable, and 20 domestic satellite earth stations carry intercity traffic)
(communications_telephone_system_international#nigeria#satellite earth stations - 3 Intelsat {2 Atlantic Ocean and 1 Indian Ocean}; 1 coaxial submarine cable)
(communications_radio_broadcast_stations#nigeria#AM 35, FM 17, shortwave 0)
(communications_radios#nigeria#20 million {1992 est.})
(communications_television_broadcast_stations#nigeria#28)
(communications_televisions#nigeria#3.8 million {1992 est.})
(defense_branches#nigeria#Army, Navy, Air Force, paramilitary Police Force)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_age_15-49#nigeria#23,739,192)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_fit_for_military_service#nigeria#13,587,780)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_reach_military_age_{18}_annually#nigeria#1,065,410 {1996 est.})
(defense_defense_expenditures#nigeria#exchange rate conversion - $172 million, about 1% of GDP {1992})
(header_affiliation#niue#{free association with New Zealand})
(geography_location#niue#Oceania, island in the South Pacific Ocean, east of Tonga)
(geography_geographic_coordinates#niue#19 02 S, 169 52 W)
(geography_map_references#niue#Oceania)
(geography_area_total_area#niue#260 sq km)
(geography_area_land_area#niue#260 sq km)
(geography_area_comparative_area#niue#1.5 times the size of Washington, DC)
(geography_land_boundaries#niue#0 km)
(geography_coastline#niue#64 km)
(geography_maritime_claims_exclusive_economic_zone#niue#200 nm)
(geography_maritime_claims_territorial_sea#niue#12 nm)
(geography_international_disputes#niue#none)
(geography_climate#niue#tropical; modified by southeast trade winds)
(geography_terrain#niue#steep limestone cliffs along coast, central plateau)
(geography_terrain_lowest_point#niue#Pacific Ocean 0 m)
(geography_terrain_highest_point#niue#unnamed location near Mutalau settlement 68 m)
(geography_natural_resources#niue#fish, arable land)
(geography_land_use_arable_land#niue#61%)
(geography_land_use_permanent_crops#niue#4%)
(geography_land_use_meadows_and_pastures#niue#4%)
(geography_land_use_forest_and_woodland#niue#19%)
(geography_land_use_other#niue#12%)
(geography_irrigated_land#niue#NA sq km)
(geography_environment_current_issues#niue#traditional methods of burning brush and trees to clear land for agriculture have threatened soil supplies which are not naturally very abundant)
(geography_environment_natural_hazards#niue#typhoons)
(geography_environment_international_agreements#niue#signed, but not ratified - Law of the Sea)
(geography_geographic_note#niue#one of world's largest coral islands)
(people_population#niue#2,174 {July 1996 est.})
(people_age_structure_0-14_years#niue#NA)
(people_age_structure_15-64_years#niue#NA)
(people_age_structure_65_years_and_over#niue#NA)
(people_population_growth_rate#niue#-0.62% {1996 est.})
(people_birth_rate#niue#NA births/1,000 population)
(people_death_rate#niue#NA deaths/1,000 population)
(people_net_migration_rate#niue#NA migrant{s}/1,000 population)
(people_sex_ratio_at_birth#niue#NA male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_under_15_years#niue#NA male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_15-64_years#niue#NA male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_65_years_and_over#niue#NA male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_all_ages#niue#NA male{s}/female)
(people_infant_mortality_rate#niue#NA deaths/1,000 live births)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_total_population#niue#NA years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_male#niue#NA years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_female#niue#NA years)
(people_total_fertility_rate#niue#NA children born/woman)
(people_nationality_noun#niue#Niuean{s})
(people_nationality_adjective#niue#Niuean)
(people_ethnic_divisions#niue#Polynesian {with some 200 Europeans, Samoans, and Tongans})
(people_religions#niue#Ekalesia Nieue {Niuean Church} 75% - a Protestant church closely related to the London Missionary Society, Morman 10%, other 15% {mostly Roman Catholic, Jehovah's Witnesses, Seventh-Day Adventist})
(people_languages#niue#Polynesian closely related to Tongan and Samoan, English)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_long_form#niue#none)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_short_form#niue#Niue)
(government_data_code#niue#NE)
(government_type_of_government#niue#self-governing territory in free association with New Zealand; Niue fully responsible for internal affairs; New Zealand retains responsibility for external affairs)
(government_capital#niue#Alofi)
(government_administrative_divisions#niue#none)
(government_independence#niue#19 October 1974 {became a self-governing territory in free association with New Zealand on 19 October 1974})
(government_national_holiday#niue#Waitangi Day, 6 February {1840} {Treaty of Waitangi established British sovereignty})
(government_constitution#niue#19 October 1974 {Niue Constitution Act})
(government_legal_system#niue#English common law)
(government_suffrage#niue#18 years of age; universal)
(government_executive_branch_chief_of_state#niue#Queen ELIZABETH II {of the UK since 6 February 1952} is a hereditary monarch; the queen and New Zealand are represented by New Zealand High Commissioner Warren SEARELL {since NA August 1993})
(government_executive_branch_head_of_government#niue#Premier Frank Fakaotimanava LUI {acting premier since NA December 1992, premier since 12 March 1993} was reelected by the Legislative Assembly; election last held 23 February 1996 {next to be held NA March 1999})
(government_executive_branch_cabinet#niue#Cabinet consists of the premier and three ministers)
(government_legislative_branch#niue#unicameral)
(government_legislative_assembly#niue#elections last held 23 February 1996 {next to be held NA March 1999}; results - percent of vote NA; seats - {20 total, 6 elected} NPP 9, independents 11)
(government_judicial_branch#niue#Appeal Court of New Zealand; High Court)
(government_political_parties_and_leaders#niue#Niue Peoples Party {NPP}, Young VIVIAN)
(government_international_organization_participation#niue#ESCAP {associate}, Intelsat {nonsignatory user}, Sparteca, SPC, SPF, UNESCO, WHO)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us#niue#none {self-governing territory in free association with New Zealand})
(government_us_diplomatic_representation#niue#none {self-governing territory in free association with New Zealand})
(government_flag#niue#yellow with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side quadrant; the flag of the UK bears five yellow five-pointed stars - a large one on a blue disk in the center and a smaller one on each arm of the bold red cross)
(economy_economic_overview#niue#The economy is heavily dependent on aid from New Zealand. Government expenditures regularly exceed revenues, with the shortfall made up by grants from New Zealand - the grants are used to pay wages to public employees. The agricultural sector consists mainly of subsistence gardening, although some cash crops are grown for export. Industry consists primarily of small factories to process passion fruit, lime oil, honey, and coconut cream. The sale of postage stamps to foreign collectors is an important source of revenue. The island in recent years has suffered a serious loss of population because of migration of Niueans to New Zealand.)
(economy_gdp#niue#purchasing power parity - $2.4 million {1993 est.})
(economy_gdp_real_growth_rate#niue#NA%)
(economy_gdp_per_capita#niue#$1,200 {1993 est.})
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_agriculture#niue#NA%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_industry#niue#NA%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_services#niue#NA%)
(economy_inflation_rate_{consumer_prices}#niue#5% {1992})
(economy_labor_force#niue#1,000 {1981 est.})
(economy_labor_force_by_occupation#niue#most work on family plantations; paid work exists only in government service, small industry, and the Niue Development Board)
(economy_unemployment_rate#niue#NA%)
(economy_budget_revenues#niue#$5.5 million)
(economy_budget_expenditures#niue#$6.3 million, including capital expenditures of $NA {1985 est.})
(economy_industries#niue#tourism, handicrafts, food processing)
(economy_industrial_production_growth_rate#niue#NA%)
(economy_electricity_capacity#niue#1,500 kW)
(economy_electricity_production#niue#2.7 million kWh)
(economy_electricity_consumption_per_capita#niue#1,490 kWh {1992})
(economy_agriculture#niue#coconuts, passion fruit, honey, limes, taro, yams, cassava {tapioca}, sweet potatoes; pigs, poultry, beef cattle)
(economy_exports#niue#$117,500 {f.o.b., 1989})
(economy_exports_commodities#niue#canned coconut cream, copra, honey, passion fruit products, pawpaw, root crops, limes, footballs, stamps, handicrafts)
(economy_exports_partners#niue#NZ 89%, Fiji, Cook Islands, Australia)
(economy_imports#niue#$4.1 million {c.i.f., 1989})
(economy_imports_commodities#niue#food, live animals, manufactured goods, machinery, fuels, lubricants, chemicals, drugs)
(economy_imports_partners#niue#NZ 59%, Fiji 20%, Japan 13%, Western Samoa, Australia, US)
(economy_external_debt#niue#$NA)
(economy_economic_aid_recipient#niue#ODA, $NA)
(economy_currency#niue#1 New Zealand dollar {NZ$} = 100 cents)
(economy_exchange_rates#niue#New Zealand dollars {NZ$} per US$1 - 1.5138 {January 1996}, 1.5235 {1995}, 1.6844 {1994}, 1.8495 {1993}, 1.8584 {1992}, 1.7265 {1991})
(economy_fiscal_year#niue#1 April - 31 March)
(transportation_railways#niue#0 km)
(transportation_highways_total#niue#229 km)
(transportation_highways_unpaved#niue#229 km)
(transportation_ports#niue#none; offshore anchorage only)
(transportation_merchant_marine#niue#none)
(transportation_airports_total#niue#1)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_1,524_to_2,437_m#niue#1 {1995 est.})
(communications_telephones#niue#276 {1992 est.})
(communications_telephone_system_domestic#niue#single-line telephone system connects all villages on island)
(communications_telephone_system_international#niue#NA)
(communications_radio_broadcast_stations#niue#AM 1, FM 1, shortwave 0 {1987 est.})
(communications_radios#niue#1,000)
(communications_television_broadcast_stations#niue#0)
(communications_televisions#niue#312 {1991 est.})
(defense_branches#niue#Police Force)
(defense_defense_note#niue#defense is the responsibility of New Zealand)
(header_affiliation#norfolk_island#{territory of Australia})
(geography_location#norfolk_island#Oceania, island in the South Pacific Ocean, east of Australia)
(geography_geographic_coordinates#norfolk_island#29 02 S, 167 57 E)
(geography_map_references#norfolk_island#Oceania)
(geography_area_total_area#norfolk_island#34.6 sq km)
(geography_area_land_area#norfolk_island#34.6 sq km)
(geography_area_comparative_area#norfolk_island#about 0.2 times the size of Washington, DC)
(geography_land_boundaries#norfolk_island#0 km)
(geography_coastline#norfolk_island#32 km)
(geography_maritime_claims_exclusive_fishing_zone#norfolk_island#200 nm)
(geography_maritime_claims_territorial_sea#norfolk_island#3 nm)
(geography_international_disputes#norfolk_island#none)
(geography_climate#norfolk_island#subtropical, mild, little seasonal temperature variation)
(geography_terrain#norfolk_island#volcanic formation with mostly rolling plains)
(geography_terrain_lowest_point#norfolk_island#Pacific Ocean 0 m)
(geography_terrain_highest_point#norfolk_island#Mount Bates 319 m)
(geography_natural_resources#norfolk_island#fish)
(geography_land_use_arable_land#norfolk_island#0%)
(geography_land_use_permanent_crops#norfolk_island#0%)
(geography_land_use_meadows_and_pastures#norfolk_island#25%)
(geography_land_use_forest_and_woodland#norfolk_island#0%)
(geography_land_use_other#norfolk_island#75%)
(geography_irrigated_land#norfolk_island#NA sq km)
(geography_environment_current_issues#norfolk_island#NA)
(geography_environment_natural_hazards#norfolk_island#typhoons {especially May to July})
(geography_environment_international_agreements#norfolk_island#NA)
(people_population#norfolk_island#2,209 {July 1996 est.})
(people_age_structure_0-14_years#norfolk_island#NA)
(people_age_structure_15-64_years#norfolk_island#NA)
(people_age_structure_65_years_and_over#norfolk_island#NA)
(people_population_growth_rate#norfolk_island#-0.68% {1996 est.})
(people_birth_rate#norfolk_island#NA births/1,000 population)
(people_death_rate#norfolk_island#NA deaths/1,000 population)
(people_net_migration_rate#norfolk_island#NA migrant{s}/1,000 population)
(people_sex_ratio_at_birth#norfolk_island#NA male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_under_15_years#norfolk_island#NA male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_15-64_years#norfolk_island#NA male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_65_years_and_over#norfolk_island#NA male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_all_ages#norfolk_island#NA male{s}/female)
(people_infant_mortality_rate#norfolk_island#NA deaths/1,000 live births)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_total_population#norfolk_island#NA years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_male#norfolk_island#NA years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_female#norfolk_island#NA years)
(people_total_fertility_rate#norfolk_island#NA children born/woman)
(people_nationality_noun#norfolk_island#Norfolk Islander{s})
(people_nationality_adjective#norfolk_island#Norfolk Islander{s})
(people_ethnic_divisions#norfolk_island#descendants of the Bounty mutineers, Australian, New Zealander)
(people_religions#norfolk_island#Anglican 39%, Roman Catholic 11.7%, Uniting Church in Australia 16.4%, Seventh-Day Adventist 4.4%, none 9.2%, unknown 16.9%, other 2.4% {1986})
(people_languages#norfolk_island#English {official}, Norfolk a mixture of 18th century English and ancient Tahitian)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_long_form#norfolk_island#Territory of Norfolk Island)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_short_form#norfolk_island#Norfolk Island)
(government_data_code#norfolk_island#NF)
(government_type_of_government#norfolk_island#territory of Australia)
(government_capital#norfolk_island#Kingston {administrative center}; Burnt Pine {commercial center})
(government_administrative_divisions#norfolk_island#none {territory of Australia})
(government_independence#norfolk_island#none {territory of Australia})
(government_national_holiday#norfolk_island#Pitcairners Arrival Day Anniversary, 8 June {1856})
(government_constitution#norfolk_island#Norfolk Island Act of 1979)
(government_legal_system#norfolk_island#based on the laws of Australia, local ordinances and acts; English common law applies in matters not covered by either Australian or Norfolk Island law)
(government_suffrage#norfolk_island#18 years of age; universal)
(government_executive_branch_chief_of_state#norfolk_island#Queen ELIZABETH II {of the United Kingdom since 6 February 1952} is a hereditary monarch; the queen and Australia are represented by Administrator Alan Gardner KERR {since NA April 1992} who was appointed by the governor general of Australia)
(government_executive_branch_head_of_government#norfolk_island#Assembly President and Chief Minister John Terrence BROWN {since NA} was elected for not more than three years by the Legislative Assembly)
(government_executive_branch_cabinet#norfolk_island#Executive Council is made up of executive members of the Legislative Assembly)
(government_legislative_branch#norfolk_island#unicameral)
(government_legislative_assembly#norfolk_island#elections last held 20 May 1992 {next to be held NA May 1995}; results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - {9 total} independents 9)
(government_judicial_branch#norfolk_island#Supreme Court)
(government_political_parties_and_leaders#norfolk_island#none)
(government_international_organization_participation#norfolk_island#none)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us#norfolk_island#none {territory of Australia})
(government_us_diplomatic_representation#norfolk_island#none {territory of Australia})
(government_flag#norfolk_island#three vertical bands of green {hoist side}, white, and green with a large green Norfolk Island pine tree centered in the slightly wider white band)
(economy_economic_overview#norfolk_island#The primary economic activity is tourism, which has brought a level of prosperity unusual among inhabitants of the Pacific islands. The number of visitors has increased steadily over the years and reached 29,000 in FY88/89. Revenues from tourism have given the island a favorable balance of trade and helped the agricultural sector to become self-sufficient in the production of beef, poultry, and eggs.)
(economy_gdp#norfolk_island#purchasing power parity - $NA)
(economy_gdp_real_growth_rate#norfolk_island#NA%)
(economy_gdp_per_capita#norfolk_island#$NA)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_agriculture#norfolk_island#NA%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_industry#norfolk_island#NA%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_services#norfolk_island#NA%)
(economy_inflation_rate_{consumer_prices}#norfolk_island#NA%)
(economy_labor_force#norfolk_island#1,395 {1991 est.})
(economy_unemployment_rate#norfolk_island#NA%)
(economy_budget_revenues#norfolk_island#$4.6 million)
(economy_budget_expenditures#norfolk_island#$4.8 million, including capital expenditures of $NA {FY92/93})
(economy_industries#norfolk_island#tourism)
(economy_industrial_production_growth_rate#norfolk_island#NA%)
(economy_electricity_capacity#norfolk_island#7,000 kW)
(economy_electricity_production#norfolk_island#8 million kWh)
(economy_electricity_consumption_per_capita#norfolk_island#3,160 kWh {1990})
(economy_agriculture#norfolk_island#Norfolk Island pine seed, Kentia palm seed, cereals, vegetables, fruit; cattle, poultry)
(economy_exports#norfolk_island#$1.5 million {f.o.b., FY91/92})
(economy_exports_commodities#norfolk_island#postage stamps, seeds of the Norfolk Island pine and Kentia palm, small quantities of avocados)
(economy_exports_partners#norfolk_island#Australia, Pacific Islands, NZ, Asia, Europe)
(economy_imports#norfolk_island#$17.9 million {c.i.f., FY91/92})
(economy_imports_commodities#norfolk_island#NA)
(economy_imports_partners#norfolk_island#Australia, Pacific Islands, NZ, Asia, Europe)
(economy_external_debt#norfolk_island#$NA)
(economy_economic_aid#norfolk_island#none)
(economy_currency#norfolk_island#1 Australian dollar {$A} = 100 cents)
(economy_exchange_rates#norfolk_island#Australian dollars {$A} per US$1 - 1.3477 {January 1996}, 1.3486 {1995}, 1.3667 {1994}, 1.4704 {1993}, 1.3600 {1992}, 1.2835 {1991}, 1.2799 {1990})
(economy_fiscal_year#norfolk_island#1 July - 30 June)
(transportation_railways#norfolk_island#0 km)
(transportation_highways_total#norfolk_island#80 km)
(transportation_highways_paved#norfolk_island#53 km)
(transportation_highways_unpaved#norfolk_island#27 km)
(transportation_ports#norfolk_island#none; loading jetties at Kingston and Cascade)
(transportation_merchant_marine#norfolk_island#none)
(transportation_airports_total#norfolk_island#1)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_1,524_to_2,437_m#norfolk_island#1 {1995 est.})
(communications_telephones#norfolk_island#1,087 {1983 est.})
(communications_telephone_system_domestic#norfolk_island#NA)
(communications_telephone_system_international#norfolk_island#radiotelephone service with Sydney {Australia})
(communications_radio_broadcast_stations#norfolk_island#AM 1, FM 0, shortwave 0)
(communications_radios#norfolk_island#2,000 {1991 est.})
(communications_television_broadcast_stations#norfolk_island#0)
(communications_televisions#norfolk_island#900 {1991 est.})
(defense_defense_note#norfolk_island#defense is the responsibility of Australia)
(header_affiliation#northern_mariana_islands#{commonwealth in political union with the US})
(geography_location#northern_mariana_islands#Oceania, islands in the North Pacific Ocean, about three-quarters of the way from Hawaii to the Philippines)
(geography_geographic_coordinates#northern_mariana_islands#15 12 N, 145 45 E)
(geography_map_references#northern_mariana_islands#Oceania)
(geography_area_total_area#northern_mariana_islands#477 sq km)
(geography_area_land_area#northern_mariana_islands#477 sq km)
(geography_area_comparative_area#northern_mariana_islands#2.5 times the size of Washington, DC)
(geography_area_note#northern_mariana_islands#includes 14 islands including Saipan, Rota, and Tinian)
(geography_land_boundaries#northern_mariana_islands#0 km)
(geography_coastline#northern_mariana_islands#1,482 km)
(geography_maritime_claims_exclusive_economic_zone#northern_mariana_islands#200 nm)
(geography_maritime_claims_territorial_sea#northern_mariana_islands#12 nm)
(geography_international_disputes#northern_mariana_islands#none)
(geography_climate#northern_mariana_islands#tropical marine; moderated by northeast trade winds, little seasonal temperature variation; dry season December to June, rainy season July to October)
(geography_terrain#northern_mariana_islands#southern islands are limestone with level terraces and fringing coral reefs; northern islands are volcanic)
(geography_terrain_lowest_point#northern_mariana_islands#Pacific Ocean 0 m)
(geography_terrain_highest_point#northern_mariana_islands#unnamed location on Agrihan 965 m)
(geography_natural_resources#northern_mariana_islands#arable land, fish)
(geography_land_use_arable_land#northern_mariana_islands#5% on Saipan)
(geography_land_use_permanent_crops#northern_mariana_islands#NA%)
(geography_land_use_meadows_and_pastures#northern_mariana_islands#19%)
(geography_land_use_forest_and_woodland#northern_mariana_islands#NA%)
(geography_land_use_other#northern_mariana_islands#NA%)
(geography_irrigated_land#northern_mariana_islands#NA sq km)
(geography_environment_current_issues#northern_mariana_islands#contamination of groundwater on Saipan by raw sewage contributes to disease)
(geography_environment_natural_hazards#northern_mariana_islands#active volcanoes on Pagan and Agrihan; typhoons {especially August to November})
(geography_environment_international_agreements#northern_mariana_islands#NA)
(geography_geographic_note#northern_mariana_islands#strategic location in the North Pacific Ocean)
(people_population#northern_mariana_islands#52,284 {July 1996 est.})
(people_age_structure_0-14_years#northern_mariana_islands#NA)
(people_age_structure_15-64_years#northern_mariana_islands#NA)
(people_age_structure_65_years_and_over#northern_mariana_islands#NA)
(people_population_growth_rate#northern_mariana_islands#3.04% {1996 est.})
(people_birth_rate#northern_mariana_islands#33.05 births/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_death_rate#northern_mariana_islands#4.61 deaths/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_net_migration_rate#northern_mariana_islands#0 migrant{s}/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_sex_ratio_at_birth#northern_mariana_islands#NA male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_under_15_years#northern_mariana_islands#NA male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_15-64_years#northern_mariana_islands#NA male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_65_years_and_over#northern_mariana_islands#NA male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_all_ages#northern_mariana_islands#NA male{s}/female)
(people_infant_mortality_rate#northern_mariana_islands#37.96 deaths/1,000 live births {1996 est.})
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_total_population#northern_mariana_islands#67.43 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_male#northern_mariana_islands#65.53 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_female#northern_mariana_islands#69.48 years {1996 est.})
(people_total_fertility_rate#northern_mariana_islands#2.69 children born/woman {1996 est.})
(people_nationality_noun#northern_mariana_islands#NA)
(people_nationality_adjective#northern_mariana_islands#NA)
(people_ethnic_divisions#northern_mariana_islands#Chamorro, Carolinians and other Micronesians, Caucasian, Japanese, Chinese, Korean)
(people_religions#northern_mariana_islands#Christian {Roman Catholic majority, although traditional beliefs and taboos may still be found})
(people_languages#northern_mariana_islands#English, Chamorro, Carolinian)
(people_languages_note#northern_mariana_islands#86% of population speaks a language other than English at home)
(people_literacy#northern_mariana_islands#age 15 and over can read and write {1980 est.})
(people_literacy_total_population#northern_mariana_islands#97%)
(people_literacy_male#northern_mariana_islands#97%)
(people_literacy_female#northern_mariana_islands#96%)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_long_form#northern_mariana_islands#Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_short_form#northern_mariana_islands#Northern Mariana Islands)
(government_data_code#northern_mariana_islands#CQ)
(government_type_of_government#northern_mariana_islands#commonwealth in political union with the US; self-governing with locally elected governor, lieutenant governor, and legislature; federal funds to the Commonwealth administered by the US Department of the Interior, Office of Territorial and International Affairs)
(government_capital#northern_mariana_islands#Saipan)
(government_administrative_divisions#northern_mariana_islands#none)
(government_independence#northern_mariana_islands#none {commonwealth in political union with the US})
(government_national_holiday#northern_mariana_islands#Commonwealth Day, 8 January {1978})
(government_constitution#northern_mariana_islands#Covenant Agreement effective 3 November 1986 and the Constitution of the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands)
(government_legal_system#northern_mariana_islands#based on US system except for customs, wages, immigration laws, and taxation)
(government_suffrage#northern_mariana_islands#18 years of age; universal; indigenous inhabitants are US citizens but do not vote in US presidential elections)
(government_executive_branch_chief_of_state#northern_mariana_islands#President {of the United States} William Jefferson CLINTON {since 20 January 1993}; Vice President Albert GORE, Jr. {since 20 January 1993})
(government_executive_branch_head_of_government#northern_mariana_islands#Governor Froilan C. TENORIO {since NA January 1994} and Lieutenant Governor Jesus C. BORJA {since NA January 1994} were elected for four-year terms by universal suffrage; election last held in NA November 1993 {next to be held NA November 1997}; results - Froilan C. TENORIO {Democrat} was elected governor with 56% of the vote)
(government_legislative_branch#northern_mariana_islands#bicameral Legislature)
(government_senate#northern_mariana_islands#elections last held NA November 1993 {next to be held NA November 1995}; results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - {9 total} Republicans retained a majority of the seats)
(government_house_of_representatives#northern_mariana_islands#elections last held NA November 1993 {next to be held NA November 1995}; results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - {18 total} Republicans retained a majority of the seats)
(government_us_house_of_representatives#northern_mariana_islands#the Commonwealth does not have a nonvoting delegate in Congress; instead, it has an elected official "resident representative" located in Washington, DC; seats - {1 total} Juan N. BABAUTA {Republican})
(government_judicial_branch#northern_mariana_islands#Commonwealth Supreme Court; Superior Court; Federal District Court)
(government_political_parties_and_leaders#northern_mariana_islands#Republican Party, Benigno R. FITIAL, leader; Democratic Party, Dr. Carlos S. CAMACHO, chairman)
(government_international_organization_participation#northern_mariana_islands#ESCAP {associate}, SPC)
(government_flag#northern_mariana_islands#blue with a white five-pointed star superimposed on the gray silhouette of a latte stone {a traditional foundation stone used in building} in the center, surrounded by a wreath)
(economy_economic_overview#northern_mariana_islands#The economy benefits substantially from financial assistance from the US. The rate of funding has declined as locally generated government revenues have grown. An agreement for the years 1986 to 1992 entitled the islands to $228 million for capital development, government operations, and special programs. A rapidly growing major source of income is the tourist industry, which now employs about 50% of the work force. Japanese tourists predominate. The agricultural sector is of minor importance and is made up of cattle ranches and small farms producing coconuts, breadfruit, tomatoes, and melons. Industry is small scale, mostly handicrafts, light manufacturing, and garment production.)
(economy_gdp#northern_mariana_islands#purchasing power parity - $524 million {1994 est.})
(economy_gdp_note#northern_mariana_islands#GDP numbers reflect US spending)
(economy_gdp_real_growth_rate#northern_mariana_islands#NA%)
(economy_gdp_per_capita#northern_mariana_islands#$10,500 {1994 est.})
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_agriculture#northern_mariana_islands#NA%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_industry#northern_mariana_islands#NA%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_services#northern_mariana_islands#NA%)
(economy_inflation_rate_{consumer_prices}#northern_mariana_islands#6.5% {1994 est.})
(economy_labor_force#northern_mariana_islands#7,476 total indigenous labor force; 2,699 unemployed; 21,188 foreign workers {1990})
(economy_labor_force_by_occupation#northern_mariana_islands#NA)
(economy_unemployment_rate#northern_mariana_islands#NA%)
(economy_budget_revenues#northern_mariana_islands#$190.4 million)
(economy_budget_expenditures#northern_mariana_islands#$190.4 million, including capital expenditures of $19.1 million {FY94/95})
(economy_industries#northern_mariana_islands#tourism, construction, light industry, handicrafts)
(economy_industrial_production_growth_rate#northern_mariana_islands#NA%)
(economy_electricity_capacity#northern_mariana_islands#105,000 kW)
(economy_electricity_production#northern_mariana_islands#NA kWh)
(economy_electricity_consumption_per_capita#northern_mariana_islands#NA kWh)
(economy_agriculture#northern_mariana_islands#coconuts, fruits, vegetables; cattle)
(economy_exports#northern_mariana_islands#$263.4 million {f.o.b. 1991 est.})
(economy_exports_commodities#northern_mariana_islands#garments)
(economy_exports_partners#northern_mariana_islands#NA)
(economy_imports#northern_mariana_islands#$392.4 million {c.i.f. 1991 est.})
(economy_imports_commodities#northern_mariana_islands#food, construction equipment and materials, petroleum products)
(economy_imports_partners#northern_mariana_islands#US, Japan)
(economy_external_debt#northern_mariana_islands#$NA)
(economy_economic_aid#northern_mariana_islands#none)
(economy_currency#northern_mariana_islands#1 United States dollar {US$} = 100 cents)
(economy_exchange_rates#northern_mariana_islands#US currency is used)
(economy_fiscal_year#northern_mariana_islands#1 October - 30 September)
(transportation_railways#northern_mariana_islands#0 km)
(transportation_highways_total#northern_mariana_islands#381.5 km {1991 est.})
(transportation_highways_paved#northern_mariana_islands#NA km)
(transportation_highways_unpaved#northern_mariana_islands#NA km)
(transportation_waterways#northern_mariana_islands#none)
(transportation_ports#northern_mariana_islands#Saipan, Tinian)
(transportation_merchant_marine#northern_mariana_islands#none)
(transportation_airports_total#northern_mariana_islands#5)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_2,438_to_3,047_m#northern_mariana_islands#1)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_1,524_to_2,437_m#northern_mariana_islands#2)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_under_914_m#northern_mariana_islands#1)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_2,438_to_3,047_m#northern_mariana_islands#1 {1995 est.})
(transportation_heliports#northern_mariana_islands#1 {1995 est.})
(communications_telephones#northern_mariana_islands#13,618 {1993 est.})
(communications_telephone_system_domestic#northern_mariana_islands#NA)
(communications_telephone_system_international#northern_mariana_islands#satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat {Pacific Ocean})
(communications_radio_broadcast_stations#northern_mariana_islands#AM 2, FM 1, shortwave 0 {1984})
(communications_radios#northern_mariana_islands#15,350 {1987 est.})
(communications_television_broadcast_stations#northern_mariana_islands#1)
(communications_television_broadcast_stations_note#northern_mariana_islands#there are 2 cable TV stations)
(communications_televisions#northern_mariana_islands#10,650 {1993 est.})
(defense_defense_note#northern_mariana_islands#defense is the responsibility of the US)
(geography_location#norway#Northern Europe, bordering the North Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean, west of Sweden)
(geography_geographic_coordinates#norway#62 00 N, 10 00 E)
(geography_map_references#norway#Europe)
(geography_area_total_area#norway#324,220 sq km)
(geography_area_land_area#norway#307,860 sq km)
(geography_area_comparative_area#norway#slightly larger than New Mexico)
(geography_land_boundaries_total#norway#2,515 km)
(geography_land_boundaries_border_countries#norway#Finland 729 km, Sweden 1,619 km, Russia 167 km)
(geography_coastline#norway#21,925 km {includes mainland 3,419 km, large islands 2,413 km, long fjords, numerous small islands, and minor indentations 16,093 km})
(geography_maritime_claims_contiguous_zone#norway#10 nm)
(geography_maritime_claims_continental_shelf#norway#200 nm)
(geography_maritime_claims_exclusive_economic_zone#norway#200 nm)
(geography_maritime_claims_territorial_sea#norway#4 nm)
(geography_international_disputes#norway#territorial claim in Antarctica {Queen Maud Land}; maritime boundary dispute with Russia over portion of Barents Sea)
(geography_climate#norway#temperate along coast, modified by North Atlantic Current; colder interior; rainy year-round on west coast)
(geography_terrain#norway#glaciated; mostly high plateaus and rugged mountains broken by fertile valleys; small, scattered plains; coastline deeply indented by fjords; arctic tundra in north)
(geography_terrain_lowest_point#norway#Norwegian Sea 0 m)
(geography_terrain_highest_point#norway#Glittertinden 2,472 m)
(geography_natural_resources#norway#petroleum, copper, natural gas, pyrites, nickel, iron ore, zinc, lead, fish, timber, hydropower)
(geography_land_use_arable_land#norway#3%)
(geography_land_use_permanent_crops#norway#0%)
(geography_land_use_meadows_and_pastures#norway#0%)
(geography_land_use_forest_and_woodland#norway#27%)
(geography_land_use_other#norway#70%)
(geography_irrigated_land#norway#950 sq km {1989})
(geography_environment_current_issues#norway#water pollution; acid rain damaging forests and adversely affecting lakes, threatening fish stocks; air pollution from vehicle emissions)
(geography_environment_natural_hazards#norway#NA)
(geography_environment_international_agreements#norway#party to - Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Sulphur 85, Air Pollution-Sulphur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Marine Dumping, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling; signed, but not ratified - Desertification, Law of the Sea)
(geography_geographic_note#norway#about two-thirds mountains; some 50,000 islands off its much indented coastline; strategic location adjacent to sea lanes and air routes in North Atlantic; one of most rugged and longest coastlines in world; Norway and Turkey only NATO members having a land boundary with Russia)
(people_population#norway#4,383,807 {July 1996 est.})
(people_age_structure_0-14_years#norway#19% {male 434,848; female 411,668})
(people_age_structure_15-64_years#norway#65% {male 1,446,746; female 1,396,150})
(people_age_structure_65_years_and_over#norway#16% {male 288,789; female 405,606} {July 1996 est.})
(people_population_growth_rate#norway#0.48% {1996 est.})
(people_birth_rate#norway#11.96 births/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_death_rate#norway#10.68 deaths/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_net_migration_rate#norway#3.57 migrant{s}/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_sex_ratio_at_birth#norway#1.06 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_under_15_years#norway#1.06 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_15-64_years#norway#1.04 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_65_years_and_over#norway#0.71 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_all_ages#norway#0.98 male{s}/female {1996 est.})
(people_infant_mortality_rate#norway#4.9 deaths/1,000 live births {1996 est.})
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_total_population#norway#77.53 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_male#norway#74.63 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_female#norway#80.61 years {1996 est.})
(people_total_fertility_rate#norway#1.63 children born/woman {1996 est.})
(people_nationality_noun#norway#Norwegian{s})
(people_nationality_adjective#norway#Norwegian)
(people_ethnic_divisions#norway#Germanic {Nordic, Alpine, Baltic}, Lapps {Sami} 20,000)
(people_religions#norway#Evangelical Lutheran 87.8% {state church}, other Protestant and Roman Catholic 3.8%, none 3.2%, unknown 5.2% {1980})
(people_languages#norway#Norwegian {official})
(people_languages_note#norway#small Lapp- and Finnish-speaking minorities)
(people_literacy#norway#age 15 and over can read and write {1976 est.})
(people_literacy_total_population#norway#99%)
(people_literacy_male#norway#NA%)
(people_literacy_female#norway#NA%)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_long_form#norway#Kingdom of Norway)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_short_form#norway#Norway)
(government_name_of_country_local_long_form#norway#Kongeriket Norge)
(government_name_of_country_local_short_form#norway#Norge)
(government_data_code#norway#NO)
(government_type_of_government#norway#constitutional monarchy)
(government_capital#norway#Oslo)
(government_administrative_divisions#norway#19 provinces {fylker, singular - fylke}; Akershus, Aust-Agder, Buskerud, Finnmark, Hedmark, Hordaland, More og Romsdal, Nordland, Nord-Trondelag, Oppland, Oslo, Ostfold, Rogaland, Sogn og Fjordane, Sor-Trondelag, Telemark, Troms, Vest-Agder, Vestfold)
(government_dependent_areas#norway#Bouvet Island, Jan Mayen, Svalbard)
(government_independence#norway#26 October 1905 {from Sweden})
(government_national_holiday#norway#Constitution Day, 17 May {1814})
(government_constitution#norway#17 May 1814, modified in 1884)
(government_legal_system#norway#mixture of customary law, civil law system, and common law traditions; Supreme Court renders advisory opinions to legislature when asked; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations)
(government_suffrage#norway#18 years of age; universal)
(government_executive_branch_chief_of_state#norway#King HARALD V {since 17 January 1991} is a hereditary monarch; Heir Apparent Crown Prince HAAKON MAGNUS {born 20 July 1973})
(government_executive_branch_head_of_government#norway#Prime Minister Gro Harlem BRUNDTLAND {since 3 November 1990} was appointed by the king with the approval of the Storting)
(government_executive_branch_cabinet#norway#State Council was appointed by the king with the approval of the Storting)
(government_legislative_branch#norway#modified unicameral Parliament {Storting} which, for certain purposes, divides itself into two chambers)
(government_storting#norway#elections last held 13 September 1993 {next to be held NA September 1997}; results - Labor 37.1%, Center Party 18.5%, Conservatives 15.6%, Christian People's 8.4%, Socialist Left 7.9%, Progress 6%, Left Party 3.6%, Red Electoral Alliance 1.2%; seats - {165 total} Labor 67, Center Party 32, Conservatives 18, Christian People's 13, Socialist Left 13, Progress 10, Left Party 1, Red Electoral Alliance 1, unawarded 10)
(government_storting_note#norway#for certain purposes, the Storting divides itself into two chambers and elects one-fourth of its membership to an upper house or Lagting)
(government_judicial_branch#norway#Supreme Court {Hoyesterett}, justices appointed by the king)
(government_political_parties_and_leaders#norway#Labor Party, Thorbjorn JAGLAND; Conservative Party, Jan PETERSEN; Center Party, Anne ENGER LAHNSTEIN; Christian People's Party, Valgerd HAUGLAND; Socialist Left, Erik SOLHEIM; Norwegian Communist, Kare Andre NILSEN; Progress Party, Carl I. HAGEN; Liberal, Odd Einar DORUM; Left Party; Red Electoral Alliance, Erling FOLKVORD)
(government_international_organization_participation#norway#AfDB, AsDB, Australia Group, BIS, CBSS, CCC, CE, CERN, EBRD, ECE, EFTA, ESA, FAO, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Inmarsat, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, MINURSO, MTCR, NACC, NAM {guest}, NATO, NC, NEA, NIB, NSG, OECD, OSCE, PCA, UN, UNAVEM III, UNCRO, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIFIL, UNITAR, UNPREDEP, UNPROFOR, UNTSO, UPU, WEU {associate}, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTrO, ZC)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_chief_of_mission#norway#Ambassador Kjeld VIBE)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_chancery#norway#2720 34th Street NW, Washington, DC 20008)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_telephone#norway#[1] {202} 333-6000)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_fax#norway#[1] {202} 337-0870)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_consulate{s}_general#norway#Houston, Los Angeles, Minneapolis, New York, and San Francisco)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_consulate{s}#norway#Miami)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_chief_of_mission#norway#Ambassador Thomas A. LOFTUS)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_embassy#norway#Drammensveien 18, 0244 Oslo)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_mailing_address#norway#PSC 69, Box 1000, APO AE 09707)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_telephone#norway#[47] 22 44 85 50)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_fax#norway#[47] 22 44 33 63)
(government_flag#norway#red with a blue cross outlined in white that extends to the edges of the flag; the vertical part of the cross is shifted to the hoist side in the style of the Dannebrog {Danish flag})
(economy_economic_overview#norway#Norway has a mixed economy involving a combination of free market activity and government intervention. The government controls key areas, such as the vital petroleum sector {through large-scale state enterprises}, and extensively subsidizes agriculture, fishing, and areas with sparse resources. Norway also maintains an extensive welfare system that helps propel public sector expenditures to more than 50% of GDP and results in one of the highest average tax burdens in the world {46%}. A small country with a high dependence on international trade, Norway is basically an exporter of raw materials and semiprocessed goods, with an abundance of small- and medium-sized firms, and is ranked among the major shipping nations. The country is richly endowed with natural resources - petroleum, hydropower, fish, forests, and minerals - and is highly dependent on its oil sector. Norway imports more than half its food needs. Economic growth, only 1.6% in 1993, moved up to 5.5% in 1994 and remained strong in 1995. Oslo opted to stay out of the EU during a referendum in November 1994.)
(economy_gdp#norway#purchasing power parity - $106.2 billion {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_real_growth_rate#norway#4.5% {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_per_capita#norway#$24,500 {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_agriculture#norway#2.9%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_industry#norway#34.7%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_services#norway#62.4% {1991})
(economy_inflation_rate_{consumer_prices}#norway#2.5% {1995 est.})
(economy_labor_force#norway#2.13 million)
(economy_labor_force_by_occupation#norway#services 71%, industry 23%, agriculture, forestry, and fishing 6% {1993})
(economy_unemployment_rate#norway#8% {including people in job-training programs; November 1995})
(economy_budget_revenues#norway#$48.6 billion)
(economy_budget_expenditures#norway#$53 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA {1994 est.})
(economy_industries#norway#petroleum and gas, food processing, shipbuilding, pulp and paper products, metals, chemicals, timber, mining, textiles, fishing)
(economy_industrial_production_growth_rate#norway#7.4% {1994})
(economy_electricity_capacity#norway#27,280,000 kW)
(economy_electricity_production#norway#118 billion kWh)
(economy_electricity_consumption_per_capita#norway#23,735 kWh {1993})
(economy_agriculture#norway#oats, other grains; beef, milk; livestock output exceeds value of crops; among world's top 10 fishing nations; fish catch of 1.76 million metric tons in 1989)
(economy_illicit_drugs#norway#transshipment point for drugs shipped via the CIS and Baltic states for the European market)
(economy_exports#norway#$34.7 billion {f.o.b., 1994})
(economy_exports_commodities#norway#petroleum and petroleum products 43%, metals and products 11%, foodstuffs {mostly fish} 9%, chemicals and raw materials 25%, natural gas 6.0%, ships 5.4%)
(economy_exports_partners#norway#EU 77.8% {UK 20.8%, Germany 12.4%, France 8.12%}, Sweden 9.4%, US 6.7%, Japan 1.9% {1994})
(economy_imports#norway#$27.3 billion {c.i.f., 1994})
(economy_imports_commodities#norway#machinery and equipment and manufactured consumer goods 54%, chemicals and other industrial inputs 39%, foodstuffs 6%)
(economy_imports_partners#norway#EU 68.9% {Germany 13.9%, UK 10.4%, Denmark 7.4%}, Sweden 15%, US 7.4%, Japan 6.0% {1994})
(economy_external_debt#norway#$NA)
(economy_economic_aid_donor#norway#ODA, $1.014 billion {1993})
(economy_currency#norway#1 Norwegian krone {NKr} = 100 oere)
(economy_exchange_rates#norway#Norwegian kroner {NKr} per US$1 - 6.4160 {January 1996}, 6.3352 {1995}, 7.0576 {1994}, 7.0941 {1993}, 6.2145 {1992}, 6.4829 {1991})
(economy_fiscal_year#norway#calendar year)
(transportation_railways_total#norway#4,027 km)
(transportation_railways_standard_gauge#norway#4,027 km 1.435-m gauge {2422 km electrified; 96 km double track} {1995})
(transportation_highways_total#norway#88,922 km)
(transportation_highways_paved#norway#61,356 km {including 75 km of expressways})
(transportation_highways_unpaved#norway#27,566 km {1990 est.})
(transportation_waterways#norway#1,577 km along west coast; 2.4 m draft vessels maximum)
(transportation_pipelines#norway#refined products 53 km)
(transportation_ports#norway#Bergen, Drammen, Flora, Hammerfest, Harstad, Haugesund, Kristiansand, Larvik, Narvik, Oslo, Porsgrunn, Stavanger, Tromso, Trondheim)
(transportation_merchant_marine_total#norway#712 ships {1,000 GRT or over} totaling 19,278,205 GRT/32,209,679 DWT)
(transportation_merchant_marine_ships_by_type#norway#bulk 114, cargo 98, chemical tanker 83, combination bulk 10, combination ore/oil 31, container 15, liquefied gas tanker 87, oil tanker 148, passenger 10, passenger-cargo 2, railcar carrier 1, refrigerated cargo 13, roll-on/roll-off cargo 49, short-sea passenger 21, vehicle carrier 30)
(transportation_merchant_marine_note#norway#the government has created an internal register, the Norwegian International Ship Register {NIS}, as a subset of the Norwegian register; ships on the NIS enjoy many benefits of flags of convenience and do not have to be crewed by Norwegians {1995 est.})
(transportation_airports_total#norway#102)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_over_3,047_m#norway#1)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_2,438_to_3,047_m#norway#12)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_1,524_to_2,437_m#norway#13)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_914_to_1,523_m#norway#11)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_under_914_m#norway#60)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_914_to_1,523_m#norway#5 {1995 est.})
(transportation_heliports#norway#1 {1995 est.})
(communications_telephones#norway#2.39 million {1986 est.})
(communications_telephone_system#norway#high-quality domestic and international telephone, telegraph, and telex services)
(communications_telephone_system_domestic#norway#NA domestic satellite earth stations)
(communications_telephone_system_international#norway#2 buried coaxial cable systems; 4 coaxial submarine cables; satellite earth stations - NA Eutelsat, NA Intelsat {Atlantic Ocean}, and 1 Inmarsat {Atlantic and Indian Ocean Regions}; note - Norway shares the Inmarsat earth station with the other Nordic countries {Denmark, Finland, Iceland, and Sweden})
(communications_radio_broadcast_stations#norway#AM 46, FM 493 {350 private and 143 government}, shortwave 0)
(communications_radios#norway#3.3 million {1993 est.})
(communications_television_broadcast_stations#norway#54 {repeaters 2,100})
(communications_televisions#norway#1.5 million {1993 est.})
(defense_branches#norway#Norwegian Army, Royal Norwegian Navy {includes Coast Artillery and Coast Guard}, Royal Norwegian Air Force, Home Guard)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_age_15-49#norway#1,125,302)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_fit_for_military_service#norway#937,309)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_reach_military_age_{20}_annually#norway#28,328 {1996 est.})
(defense_defense_expenditures#norway#exchange rate conversion - $3.7 billion, 2.9% of GDP {1995})
(geography_location#oman#Middle East, bordering the Arabian Sea, Gulf of Oman, and Persian Gulf, between Yemen and UAE)
(geography_geographic_coordinates#oman#21 00 N, 57 00 E)
(geography_map_references#oman#Middle East)
(geography_area_total_area#oman#212,460 sq km)
(geography_area_land_area#oman#212,460 sq km)
(geography_area_comparative_area#oman#slightly smaller than Kansas)
(geography_land_boundaries_total#oman#1,374 km)
(geography_land_boundaries_border_countries#oman#Saudi Arabia 676 km, UAE 410 km, Yemen 288 km)
(geography_coastline#oman#2,092 km)
(geography_maritime_claims_contiguous_zone#oman#24 nm)
(geography_maritime_claims_exclusive_economic_zone#oman#200 nm)
(geography_maritime_claims_territorial_sea#oman#12 nm)
(geography_international_disputes#oman#no defined boundary with most of UAE, but Administrative Line in far north)
(geography_climate#oman#dry desert; hot, humid along coast; hot, dry interior; strong southwest summer monsoon {May to September} in far south)
(geography_terrain#oman#vast central desert plain, rugged mountains in north and south)
(geography_terrain_lowest_point#oman#Arabian Sea 0 m)
(geography_terrain_highest_point#oman#Jabal ash Sham 2,980 m)
(geography_natural_resources#oman#petroleum, copper, asbestos, some marble, limestone, chromium, gypsum, natural gas)
(geography_land_use_arable_land#oman#2%)
(geography_land_use_permanent_crops#oman#0%)
(geography_land_use_meadows_and_pastures#oman#5%)
(geography_land_use_forest_and_woodland#oman#0%)
(geography_land_use_other#oman#93%)
(geography_irrigated_land#oman#410 sq km {1989 est.})
(geography_environment_current_issues#oman#rising soil salinity; beach pollution from oil spills; very limited natural fresh water resources)
(geography_environment_natural_hazards#oman#summer winds often raise large sandstorms and dust storms in interior; periodic droughts)
(geography_environment_international_agreements#oman#party to - Biodiversity, Climate Change, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ship Pollution; signed, but not ratified - Hazardous Wastes)
(geography_geographic_note#oman#strategic location with small foothold on Musandam Peninsula controlling Strait of Hormuz, a vital transit point for world crude oil)
(people_population#oman#2,186,548 {July 1996 est.})
(people_age_structure_0-14_years#oman#46% {male 511,664; female 493,369})
(people_age_structure_15-64_years#oman#51% {male 609,423; female 513,042})
(people_age_structure_65_years_and_over#oman#3% {male 26,623; female 32,427} {July 1996 est.})
(people_population_growth_rate#oman#3.53% {1996 est.})
(people_birth_rate#oman#37.86 births/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_death_rate#oman#4.44 deaths/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_net_migration_rate#oman#1.84 migrant{s}/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_sex_ratio_at_birth#oman#1.05 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_under_15_years#oman#1.04 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_15-64_years#oman#1.19 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_65_years_and_over#oman#0.82 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_all_ages#oman#1.1 male{s}/female {1996 est.})
(people_infant_mortality_rate#oman#27.3 deaths/1,000 live births {1996 est.})
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_total_population#oman#70.53 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_male#oman#68.59 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_female#oman#72.57 years {1996 est.})
(people_total_fertility_rate#oman#6.09 children born/woman {1996 est.})
(people_nationality_noun#oman#Omani{s})
(people_nationality_adjective#oman#Omani)
(people_ethnic_divisions#oman#Arab, Baluchi, South Asian {Indian, Pakistani, Sri Lankan, Bangladeshi}, African)
(people_religions#oman#Ibadhi Muslim 75%, Sunni Muslim, Shi'a Muslim, Hindu)
(people_languages#oman#Arabic {official}, English, Baluchi, Urdu, Indian dialects)
(people_literacy#oman#NA)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_long_form#oman#Sultanate of Oman)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_short_form#oman#Oman)
(government_name_of_country_local_long_form#oman#Saltanat Uman)
(government_name_of_country_local_short_form#oman#Uman)
(government_data_code#oman#MU)
(government_type_of_government#oman#monarchy)
(government_capital#oman#Muscat)
(government_administrative_divisions#oman#6 regions {mintaqah, singular - mintaqat} and 2 governorates* {muhafazah, singular - muhafazat} Ad Dakhiliyah, Al Batinah, Al Wusta, Ash Sharqiyah, Az Zahirah, Masqat, Musandam*, Zufar*)
(government_independence#oman#1650 {expulsion of the Portuguese})
(government_national_holiday#oman#National Day, 18 November {1940})
(government_constitution#oman#none)
(government_legal_system#oman#based on English common law and Islamic law; ultimate appeal to the sultan; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction)
(government_suffrage#oman#none)
(government_executive_branch_chief_of_state_and_head_of_government#oman#Sultan and Prime Minister QABOOS bin Said Al Said {since 23 July 1970} is a hereditary monarch;)
(government_executive_branch_cabinet#oman#Cabinet was appointed by the sultan)
(government_legislative_branch#oman#unicameral)
(government_consultative_council_{majlis_ash_shura}#oman#a 60-member body with advisory powers only)
(government_judicial_branch#oman#none; traditional Islamic judges and a nascent civil court system, administered by region)
(government_political_parties_and_leaders#oman#none)
(government_other_political_or_pressure_groups#oman#NA)
(government_international_organization_participation#oman#ABEDA, AFESD, AL, AMF, ESCWA, FAO, G-77, GCC, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, ILO, IMF, IMO, Inmarsat, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, ISO {correspondent}, ITU, NAM, OIC, UN, UN Security Council {temporary}, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WMO)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_chief_of_mission#oman#Ambassador Abdallah bin Muhammad bin Aqil al-DHAHAB)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_chancery#oman#2535 Belmont Road, NW, Washington, DC 20008)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_telephone#oman#[1] {202} 387-1980 through 1982)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_fax#oman#[1] {202} 745-4933)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_chief_of_mission#oman#Ambassador Frances D. COOK)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_embassy#oman#address NA, Muscat)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_mailing_address#oman#P. O. Box 202, Code No. 115, Medinat Qaboos, Muscat)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_telephone#oman#[968] 698989)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_fax#oman#[968] 699779)
(government_flag#oman#three horizontal bands of white {top, double width}, red, and green {double width} with a broad, vertical, red band on the hoist side; the national emblem {a khanjar dagger in its sheath superimposed on two crossed swords in scabbards} in white is centered at the top of the vertical band)
(economy_economic_overview#oman#Economic performance is closely tied to the fortunes of the oil industry. Petroleum accounts for nearly 90% of export earnings, about 75% of government revenues, and roughly 40% of GDP. Oman has proved oil reserves of 4 billion barrels, equivalent to about 20 years' supply at the current rate of extraction. Agriculture is carried on at a subsistence level and the general population depends on imported food. The government is encouraging private investment, both domestic and foreign, as a prime force for further economic development.)
(economy_gdp#oman#purchasing power parity - $19.1 billion {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_real_growth_rate#oman#3.5% {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_per_capita#oman#$10,800 {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_agriculture#oman#3%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_industry#oman#60%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_services#oman#37%)
(economy_inflation_rate_{consumer_prices}#oman#-0.7% {1994 est.})
(economy_labor_force#oman#454,000)
(economy_labor_force_by_occupation#oman#agriculture 37% {1993 est.})
(economy_unemployment_rate#oman#NA%)
(economy_budget_revenues#oman#$4.7 billion)
(economy_budget_expenditures#oman#$5.6 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA {1995 est.})
(economy_industries#oman#crude oil production and refining, natural gas production, construction, cement, copper)
(economy_industrial_production_growth_rate#oman#3% {1994 est.})
(economy_electricity_capacity#oman#1,540,000 kW)
(economy_electricity_production#oman#6 billion kWh)
(economy_electricity_consumption_per_capita#oman#3,407 kWh {1993})
(economy_agriculture#oman#dates, limes, bananas, alfalfa, vegetables; camels, cattle; annual fish catch averages 100,000 metric tons)
(economy_exports#oman#$4.8 billion {f.o.b., 1994 est.})
(economy_exports_commodities#oman#petroleum 87%, reexports, fish, processed copper, textiles)
(economy_exports_partners#oman#Japan 35%, South Korea 15.8%, US 9%, China 8%, Thailand 5% {1994})
(economy_imports#oman#$4 billion {c.i.f., 1994 est.})
(economy_imports_commodities#oman#machinery, transportation equipment, manufactured goods, food, livestock, lubricants)
(economy_imports_partners#oman#UAE 27% {largely reexports}, Japan 20%, UK 15%, US 5%, Germany 4% {1993})
(economy_external_debt#oman#$3 billion {1993})
(economy_economic_aid_recipient#oman#ODA, $82 million {1993})
(economy_currency#oman#1 Omani rial {RO} = 1,000 baiza)
(economy_exchange_rates#oman#Omani rials {RO} per US$1 - 0.3845 {fixed rate since 1986})
(economy_fiscal_year#oman#calendar year)
(transportation_railways#oman#0 km)
(transportation_highways_total#oman#25,948 km)
(transportation_highways_paved#oman#4,930 km {including 413 km of expressways})
(transportation_highways_unpaved#oman#21,018 km {1992 est.})
(transportation_pipelines#oman#crude oil 1,300 km; natural gas 1,030 km)
(transportation_ports#oman#Matrah, Mina' al Fahl, Mina' Raysut)
(transportation_merchant_marine_total#oman#3 ships {1,000 GRT or over} totaling 16,306 GRT/8,210 DWT)
(transportation_merchant_marine_ships_by_type#oman#cargo 1, passenger 1, passenger-cargo 1 {1995 est.})
(transportation_airports_total#oman#129)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_over_3,047_m#oman#4)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_1,524_to_2,437_m#oman#1)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_914_to_1,523_m#oman#1)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_under_914_m#oman#34)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_over_3,047_m#oman#3)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_2,438_to_3,047_m#oman#3)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_1,524_to_2,437_m#oman#57)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_914_to_1,523_m#oman#26 {1995 est.})
(transportation_heliports#oman#1 {1995 est.})
(communications_telephones#oman#150,000 {1994 est.})
(communications_telephone_system#oman#modern system consisting of open wire, microwave, and radiotelephone communication stations; limited coaxial cable)
(communications_telephone_system_domestic#oman#open wire, microwave, radiotelephone communications, and a domestic satellite system with 8 earth stations)
(communications_telephone_system_international#oman#satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat {Indian Ocean} and 1 Arabsat)
(communications_radio_broadcast_stations#oman#AM 2, FM 4, shortwave 1)
(communications_radios#oman#1.043 million {1992 est.})
(communications_television_broadcast_stations#oman#9)
(communications_televisions#oman#1.195 million {1992 est.})
(defense_branches#oman#Army, Navy, Air Force, paramilitary {includes Royal Oman Police})
(defense_manpower_availability_males_age_15-49#oman#532,113)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_fit_for_military_service#oman#301,747 {1996 est.})
(defense_defense_expenditures#oman#exchange rate conversion - $1.82 billion, 13.7% of GDP {1996})
(geography_location#pacific_ocean#body of water between Antarctica, Asia, Australia, and the Western Hemisphere)
(geography_geographic_coordinates#pacific_ocean#0 00 N, 160 00 W)
(geography_map_references#pacific_ocean#World)
(geography_area_total_area#pacific_ocean#165.384 million sq km)
(geography_area_comparative_area#pacific_ocean#about 18 times the size of the US; the largest ocean {followed by the Atlantic Ocean, the Indian Ocean, and the Arctic Ocean}; covers about one-third of the global surface; larger than the total land area of the world)
(geography_area_note#pacific_ocean#includes Bali Sea, Bellingshausen Sea, Bering Sea, Bering Strait, Coral Sea, East China Sea, Flores Sea, Gulf of Alaska, Gulf of Tonkin, Java Sea, Philippine Sea, Ross Sea, Savu Sea, Sea of Japan, Sea of Okhotsk, South China Sea, Tasman Sea, Timor Sea, and other tributary water bodies)
(geography_coastline#pacific_ocean#135,663 km)
(geography_international_disputes#pacific_ocean#some maritime disputes {see littoral states})
(geography_climate#pacific_ocean#planetary air pressure systems and resultant wind patterns exhibit remarkable uniformity in the south and east; trade winds and westerly winds are well-developed patterns, modified by seasonal fluctuations; tropical cyclones {hurricanes} may form south of Mexico from June to October and affect Mexico and Central America; continental influences cause climatic uniformity to be much less pronounced in the eastern and western regions at the same latitude in the North Pacific Ocean; the western Pacific is monsoonal - a rainy season occurs during the summer months, when moisture-laden winds blow from the ocean over the land, and a dry season during the winter months, when dry winds blow from the Asian land mass back to the ocean; tropical cyclones {typhoons} may strike southeast and East Asia from May to December)
(geography_terrain#pacific_ocean#surface currents in the northern Pacific are dominated by a clockwise, warm-water gyre {broad circular system of currents} and in the southern Pacific by a counterclockwise, cool-water gyre; in the northern Pacific, sea ice forms in the Bering Sea and Sea of Okhotsk in winter; in the southern Pacific, sea ice from Antarctica reaches its northernmost extent in October; the ocean floor in the eastern Pacific is dominated by the East Pacific Rise, while the western Pacific is dissected by deep trenches, including the Marianas Trench, which is the world's deepest)
(geography_terrain_lowest_point#pacific_ocean#Marianas Trench -10,924 m)
(geography_terrain_highest_point#pacific_ocean#sea level 0 m)
(geography_natural_resources#pacific_ocean#oil and gas fields, polymetallic nodules, sand and gravel aggregates, placer deposits, fish)
(geography_environment_current_issues#pacific_ocean#endangered marine species include the dugong, sea lion, sea otter, seals, turtles, and whales; oil pollution in Philippine Sea and South China Sea)
(geography_environment_natural_hazards#pacific_ocean#surrounded by a zone of violent volcanic and earthquake activity sometimes referred to as the "Pacific Ring of Fire"; subject to tropical cyclones {typhoons} in southeast and east Asia from May to December {most frequent from July to October}; tropical cyclones {hurricanes} may form south of Mexico and strike Central America and Mexico from June to October {most common in August and September}; southern shipping lanes subject to icebergs from Antarctica; occasional El Nino phenomenon occurs off the coast of Peru, when the trade winds slacken and the warm Equatorial Countercurrent moves south, killing the plankton that is the primary food source for anchovies; consequently, the anchovies move to better feeding grounds, causing resident marine birds to starve by the thousands because of the loss of their food source; ships subject to superstructure icing in extreme north from October to May and in extreme south from May to October; persistent fog in the northern Pacific can be a maritime hazard from June to December)
(geography_environment_international_agreements#pacific_ocean#NA)
(geography_geographic_note#pacific_ocean#the major choke points are the Bering Strait, Panama Canal, Luzon Strait, and the Singapore Strait; the Equator divides the Pacific Ocean into the North Pacific Ocean and the South Pacific Ocean; dotted with low coral islands and rugged volcanic islands in the southwestern Pacific Ocean)
(government_data_code#pacific_ocean#none; the US Government has not approved a standard for hydrographic codes - see the Cross-Reference List of Hydrographic Codes appendix)
(economy_economic_overview#pacific_ocean#The Pacific Ocean is a major contributor to the world economy and particularly to those nations its waters directly touch. It provides low-cost sea transportation between East and West, extensive fishing grounds, offshore oil and gas fields, minerals, and sand and gravel for the construction industry. In 1985 over half {54%} of the world's fish catch came from the Pacific Ocean, which is the only ocean where the fish catch has increased every year since 1978. Exploitation of offshore oil and gas reserves is playing an ever-increasing role in the energy supplies of Australia, NZ, China, US, and Peru. The high cost of recovering offshore oil and gas, combined with the wide swings in world prices for oil since 1985, has slowed but not stopped new drillings.)
(transportation_ports#pacific_ocean#Bangkok {Thailand}, Hong Kong, Kao-hsiung {Taiwan}, Los Angeles {US}, Manila {Philippines}, Pusan {South Korea}, San Francisco {US}, Seattle {US}, Shanghai {China}, Singapore, Sydney {Australia}, Vladivostok {Russia}, Wellington {NZ}, Yokohama {Japan})
(communications_telephone_system_international#pacific_ocean#several submarine cables with network nodal points on Guam and Hawaii)
(geography_location#pakistan#Southern Asia, bordering the Arabian Sea, between India and Iran)
(geography_geographic_coordinates#pakistan#30 00 N, 70 00 E)
(geography_map_references#pakistan#Asia)
(geography_area_total_area#pakistan#803,940 sq km)
(geography_area_land_area#pakistan#778,720 sq km)
(geography_area_comparative_area#pakistan#slightly less than twice the size of California)
(geography_land_boundaries_total#pakistan#6,774 km)
(geography_land_boundaries_border_countries#pakistan#Afghanistan 2,430 km, China 523 km, India 2,912 km, Iran 909 km)
(geography_coastline#pakistan#1,046 km)
(geography_maritime_claims_contiguous_zone#pakistan#24 nm)
(geography_maritime_claims_continental_shelf#pakistan#200 nm or to the edge of the continental margin)
(geography_maritime_claims_exclusive_economic_zone#pakistan#200 nm)
(geography_maritime_claims_territorial_sea#pakistan#12 nm)
(geography_international_disputes#pakistan#status of Kashmir with India; border dispute with Afghanistan {Durand Line}; water-sharing problems over the Indus {Wular Barrage} with upstream riparian India)
(geography_climate#pakistan#mostly hot, dry desert; temperate in northwest; arctic in north)
(geography_terrain#pakistan#flat Indus plain in east; mountains in north and northwest; Balochistan plateau in west)
(geography_terrain_lowest_point#pakistan#Indian Ocean 0 m)
(geography_terrain_highest_point#pakistan#K2 {Mt. Godwin-Austen} 8,611 m)
(geography_natural_resources#pakistan#land, extensive natural gas reserves, limited petroleum, poor quality coal, iron ore, copper, salt, limestone)
(geography_land_use_arable_land#pakistan#23%)
(geography_land_use_permanent_crops#pakistan#0%)
(geography_land_use_meadows_and_pastures#pakistan#6%)
(geography_land_use_forest_and_woodland#pakistan#4%)
(geography_land_use_other#pakistan#67% {1993})
(geography_irrigated_land#pakistan#170,000 sq km {1992})
(geography_environment_current_issues#pakistan#water pollution from raw sewage, industrial wastes, and agricultural runoff; limited natural fresh water resources; a majority of the population does not have access to potable water; deforestation; soil erosion; desertification)
(geography_environment_natural_hazards#pakistan#frequent earthquakes, occasionally severe especially in north and west; flooding along the Indus after heavy rains {July and August})
(geography_environment_international_agreements#pakistan#party to - Biodiversity, Climate Change, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands; signed, but not ratified - Desertification, Law of the Sea, Marine Life Conservation)
(geography_geographic_note#pakistan#controls Khyber Pass and Bolan Pass, traditional invasion routes between Central Asia and the Indian Subcontinent)
(people_population#pakistan#129,275,660 {July 1996 est.})
(people_age_structure_0-14_years#pakistan#42% {male 28,286,823; female 26,640,019})
(people_age_structure_15-64_years#pakistan#53% {male 35,396,281; female 33,733,798})
(people_age_structure_65_years_and_over#pakistan#5% {male 2,621,721; female 2,597,018} {July 1996 est.})
(people_population_growth_rate#pakistan#2.24% {1996 est.})
(people_birth_rate#pakistan#36.16 births/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_death_rate#pakistan#11.22 deaths/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_net_migration_rate#pakistan#-2.6 migrant{s}/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_sex_ratio_at_birth#pakistan#1.05 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_under_15_years#pakistan#1.06 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_15-64_years#pakistan#1.05 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_65_years_and_over#pakistan#1.01 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_all_ages#pakistan#1.05 male{s}/female {1996 est.})
(people_infant_mortality_rate#pakistan#96.8 deaths/1,000 live births {1996 est.})
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_total_population#pakistan#58.46 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_male#pakistan#57.7 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_female#pakistan#59.25 years {1996 est.})
(people_total_fertility_rate#pakistan#5.25 children born/woman {1996 est.})
(people_nationality_noun#pakistan#Pakistani{s})
(people_nationality_adjective#pakistan#Pakistani)
(people_ethnic_divisions#pakistan#Punjabi, Sindhi, Pashtun {Pathan}, Baloch, Muhajir {immigrants from India and their descendants})
(people_religions#pakistan#Muslim 97% {Sunni 77%, Shi'a 20%}, Christian, Hindu, and other 3%)
(people_languages#pakistan#Punjabi 48%, Sindhi 12%, Siraiki {a Punjabi variant} 10%, Pashtu 8%, Urdu {official} 8%, Balochi 3%, Hindko 2%, Brahui 1%, English {official and lingua franca of Pakistani elite and most government ministries}, Burushaski, and other 8%)
(people_literacy#pakistan#age 15 and over can read and write {1995 est.})
(people_literacy_total_population#pakistan#37.8%)
(people_literacy_male#pakistan#50%)
(people_literacy_female#pakistan#24.4%)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_long_form#pakistan#Islamic Republic of Pakistan)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_short_form#pakistan#Pakistan)
(government_name_of_country_former#pakistan#West Pakistan)
(government_data_code#pakistan#PK)
(government_type_of_government#pakistan#republic)
(government_capital#pakistan#Islamabad)
(government_administrative_divisions#pakistan#4 provinces, 1 territory*, and 1 capital territory**; Balochistan, Federally Administered Tribal Areas*, Islamabad Capital Territory**, North-West Frontier, Punjab, Sindh)
(government_administrative_divisions_note#pakistan#the Pakistani-administered portion of the disputed Jammu and Kashmir region includes Azad Kashmir and the Northern Areas)
(government_independence#pakistan#14 August 1947 {from UK})
(government_national_holiday#pakistan#Pakistan Day, 23 March {1956} {proclamation of the republic})
(government_constitution#pakistan#10 April 1973, suspended 5 July 1977, restored with amendments 30 December 1985)
(government_legal_system#pakistan#based on English common law with provisions to accommodate Pakistan's stature as an Islamic state; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations)
(government_suffrage#pakistan#21 years of age; universal; separate electorates and reserved parliamentary seats for non-Muslims)
(government_executive_branch_chief_of_state#pakistan#President Sardar Farooq LEGHARI {since 13 November 1993} was elected for a five-year term by Parliament; election last held 13 November 1993 {next to be held no later than 14 October 1998}; results - LEGHARI was elected by Parliament and the four provincial assemblies)
(government_executive_branch_head_of_government#pakistan#Prime Minister Benazir BHUTTO {since 19 October 1993} was elected by the National Assembly)
(government_executive_branch_cabinet#pakistan#Cabinet was elected by the National Assembly)
(government_legislative_branch#pakistan#bicameral Parliament {Majlis-e-Shoora})
(government_senate#pakistan#elections last held NA March 1994 {next to be held NA March 1997}; results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - {87 total} PPP 22, PML/N 17; Tribal Area Representatives {nonparty} 8, ANP 6, PML/J 5, JWP 5, MQM/A 5, JUI/F 2, PKMAP 2, JI 2, NPP 2, BNM/H 1, BNM/M 1, JUP/NI 1, JUP/NO 1, JAH 1, JUI/S 1, PML/F 1, PNP 1, independents 2, vacant 1)
(government_national_assembly#pakistan#elections last held 6 October 1993 {next to be held by October 1998}; results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - {217 total} PPP 92, PML/N 75, PML/J 6, IJM-Islamic Democratic Front 4, ANP 3, PKMAP 4, PIF 3, JWP 2, MDM 2, BNM/H 1, BNM/M 1, NDA 1, NPP 1, PKQP 1, religious minorities 10 reserved seats, independents 9, results pending 2)
(government_judicial_branch#pakistan#Supreme Court, judicial chiefs are appointed by the president; Federal Islamic {Shari'at} Court)
(government_political_parties_and_leaders_government#pakistan#Pakistan People's Party {PPP}, Benazir BHUTTO; Pakistan Muslim League, Junejo faction {PML/J}, Hamid Nasir CHATTHA; National People's Party {NPP}, Ghulam Mustapha JATOI; Pakhtun Khwa Milli Awami Party {PKMAP}, Mahmood Khan ACHAKZAI; Balochistan National Movement, Hayee Group {BNM/H}, Dr. HAYEE Baluch; National Democratic Alliance {NDA}; Pakhtun Quami Party {PKQP}, Mohammed AFZAL Khan)
(government_political_parties_and_leaders_opposition#pakistan#Pakistan Muslim League, Nawaz Sharif faction {PML/N}, Nawaz SHARIF; Awami National Party {ANP}, Ajmal Khan KHATTAK; Pakistan Islamic Front {PIF}; Balochistan National Movement, Mengal Group {BNM/M}, Sardar Akhtar MENGAL; Mohajir Quami Movement, Altaf faction {MQM/A}, Altaf HUSSAIN; Jamiat-al-Hadith {JAH}; Jamhoori Watan Party {JWP}, Akbar Khan BUGTI)
(government_political_parties_and_leaders_frequently_shifting#pakistan#Mutaheda Deeni Mahaz {MDM}, Maulana Sami-ul-HAQ, the MDM includes Jamiat Ulema-i-Pakistan, Niazi faction {JUP/NI} and Anjuman Sepah-i-Sahaba Pakistan {ASSP}; Islami-Jamhoori-Mahaz {IJM-Islamic Democratic Front} includes Jamiat Ulema-i-Islami, Fazlur Rehman group {JUI/F}; Pakistan Muslim League, Functional Group {PML/F}, Pir PAGARO; Pakistan National Party {PNP}; Milli Yakjheti Council {MYC} is an umbrella organization which includes Jamaat-i-Islami {JI}, Qazi Hussain AHMED, Jamiat Ulema-i-Islam, Sami-ul-Haq faction {JUI/S}, Tehrik-I-Jafria Pakistan {TJP}, Allama Sajid NAQVI, and Jamiat Ulema-i-Pakistan, Noorani faction {JUP/NO})
(government_political_parties_and_leaders_note#pakistan#political alliances in Pakistan can shift frequently)
(government_other_political_or_pressure_groups#pakistan#military remains important political force; ulema {clergy}, landowners, industrialists, and small merchants also influential)
(government_international_organization_participation#pakistan#AsDB, C, CCC, CP, ECO, ESCAP, FAO, G-19, G-24, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Inmarsat, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, MINURSO, NAM, OAS {observer}, OIC, PCA, SAARC, UN, UNAMIR, UNAVEM III, UNCRO, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIKOM, UNITAR, UNMIH, UNOMIG, UNOMIL, UNPREDEP, UNPROFOR, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_chief_of_mission#pakistan#Ambassador Maleeha LODHI)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_chancery#pakistan#2315 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_telephone#pakistan#[1] {202} 939-6200)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_fax#pakistan#[1] {202} 387-0484)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_consulate{s}_general#pakistan#Los Angeles and New York)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_chief_of_mission#pakistan#Ambassador Thomas SIMONS, Jr.)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_embassy#pakistan#Diplomatic Enclave, Ramna 5, Islamabad)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_mailing_address#pakistan#P. O. Box 1048, Unit 6220, APO AE 09812-2200)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_telephone#pakistan#[92] {51} 826161 through 826179)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_fax#pakistan#[92] {51} 214222)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_consulate{s}_general#pakistan#Karachi, Lahore)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_consulate{s}#pakistan#Peshawar)
(government_flag#pakistan#green with a vertical white band {symbolizing the role of religious minorities} on the hoist side; a large white crescent and star are centered in the green field; the crescent, star, and color green are traditional symbols of Islam)
(economy_economic_overview#pakistan#Pakistan is a poor, highly populated Third World country struggling to make the difficult transition to the modern world of high technology and internationalized markets. Prime Minister Benazir BHUTTO has been under pressure from the IMF and other donors to continue the economic reforms and austerity measures begun by her predecessor, caretaker Prime Minister Moeen QURESHI {July-October 1993}. The IMF suspended a $1.5 billion Enhanced Structural Adjustment Facility {ESAF} in mid-1995 because Pakistan slowed the pace of economic reform. Islamabad's most recent budget - announced in June 1995 - reversed some reforms agreed to by the IMF earlier that year, including a slowing of tariff reform. In mid-December 1995, however, the IMF approved a $600 million standby arrangement and urged Pakistan to move forward with economic liberalization. Islamabad has agreed to new economic targets with the IMF, which could lay the basis for a return to an ESAF in 1996. Little progress was made in the privatization of large state-owned units in 1995. The sale of the power plant Kot Addu - scheduled for April 1995 - was stalled by opposition from labor unions. The sale of a 26% share of United Bank Limited and the Pakistan Telecommunications Corporation to strategic investors was due to take place in 1995 but has been pushed back to 1996. On the plus side real GDP grew 4.7% in 1995, up from 3.9% in 1994: GDP should grow even faster in 1996 as a result of an above average cotton crop. Secondly, Islamabad reduced the budget deficit to 5.6% of GDP at the end of FY94/95, down from 8% two years earlier. Thirdly, Pakistan attracted $1.6 billion in foreign direct and portfolio investment in FY94/95, more than double inflows of $650 million in the previous fiscal year; financial agreements were reached on five power projects in 1995, including the 1,300-MW $1.8 billion Hab River project. Despite these improvements, the economy remains vulnerable to crisis. Foreign exchange reserves fell dramatically in 1995, reaching a low of about $1 billion in early December 1995 - only five weeks of import cover - before rising to $1.5 billion by yearend. The trade deficit rose to $2 billion for the first six months of FY94/95, triple the deficit of $600 million during the same period in FY93/94. The government responded to this situation with a package of stabilization reforms on 28 October 1995 which included a 7% devaluation of the rupee, supplementary duties of 10% on many imports, and higher petroleum prices. Islamabad hopes these moves will help make its exports more competitive. For the long run, Pakistan must deal with serious problems of deteriorating infrastructure, low literacy levels, and persistent law and order problems in Karachi.)
(economy_gdp#pakistan#purchasing power parity - $274.2 billion {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_real_growth_rate#pakistan#4.7% {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_per_capita#pakistan#$2,100 {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_agriculture#pakistan#24%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_industry#pakistan#27%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_services#pakistan#49% {1995 est.})
(economy_inflation_rate_{consumer_prices}#pakistan#13% {1995 est.})
(economy_labor_force#pakistan#36 million)
(economy_labor_force_by_occupation#pakistan#agriculture 46%, mining and manufacturing 18%, services 17%, other 19%)
(economy_labor_force_note#pakistan#extensive export of labor)
(economy_unemployment_rate#pakistan#NA%)
(economy_budget_revenues#pakistan#$11.9 billion)
(economy_budget_expenditures#pakistan#$12.4 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA {FY94/95})
(economy_industries#pakistan#textiles, food processing, beverages, construction materials, clothing, paper products, shrimp)
(economy_industrial_production_growth_rate#pakistan#5% {1995 est.})
(economy_electricity_capacity#pakistan#12,530,000 kW {1995})
(economy_electricity_production#pakistan#43.3 billion kWh {1995})
(economy_electricity_consumption_per_capita#pakistan#389 kWh {1993})
(economy_agriculture#pakistan#cotton, wheat, rice, sugarcane, fruits, vegetables; milk, beef, mutton, eggs)
(economy_illicit_drugs#pakistan#major illicit producer of opium and hashish for the international drug trade; remains world's fourth largest opium producer {155 metric tons in 1995}; major center for processing Afghan heroin and key transit area for Southwest Asian heroin moving to Western market)
(economy_exports#pakistan#$8.7 billion {1995 est.})
(economy_exports_commodities#pakistan#cotton, textiles, clothing, rice, leather, carpets)
(economy_exports_partners#pakistan#US, Japan, Hong Kong, Germany, UK, UAE, France)
(economy_imports#pakistan#$10.7 billion {1995 est.})
(economy_imports_commodities#pakistan#petroleum, petroleum products, machinery, transportation equipment, vegetable oils, animal fats, chemicals)
(economy_imports_partners#pakistan#Japan, US, Germany, UK, Saudi Arabia, Malaysia, South Korea)
(economy_external_debt#pakistan#$26 billion {1995 est.})
(economy_economic_aid_recipient#pakistan#ODA, $697 million {1993})
(economy_economic_aid_note#pakistan#$2.5 billion {includes bilateral and multilateral aid but no US commitments} {FY93/94}; $3 billion {includes bilateral and multilateral aid but no US commitments} {FY94/95})
(economy_currency#pakistan#1 Pakistani rupee {PRe} = 100 paisa)
(economy_exchange_rates#pakistan#Pakistani rupees {PRs} per US$1 - 34.339 {January 1996}, 31.643 {1995}, 30.567 {1994}, 28.107 {1993}, 25.083 {1992}, 23.801 {1991})
(economy_fiscal_year#pakistan#1 July - 30 June)
(transportation_railways_total#pakistan#8,163 km)
(transportation_railways_broad_gauge#pakistan#7,718 km 1.676-m gauge {293 km electrified; 1,037 km double track})
(transportation_railways_narrow_gauge#pakistan#445 km 1.000-m gauge; 661 km less than 1.000-m gauge {1995 est.})
(transportation_highways_total#pakistan#205,304 km)
(transportation_highways_paved#pakistan#104,735 km)
(transportation_highways_unpaved#pakistan#100,569 km {1995 est.})
(transportation_pipelines#pakistan#crude oil 250 km; petroleum products 885 km; natural gas 4,044 km {1987})
(transportation_ports#pakistan#Karachi, Port Muhammad bin Qasim)
(transportation_merchant_marine_total#pakistan#24 ships {1,000 GRT or over} totaling 345,606 GRT/560,641 DWT)
(transportation_merchant_marine_ships_by_type#pakistan#bulk 3, cargo 19, oil tanker 1, passenger-cargo 1 {1995 est.})
(transportation_airports_total#pakistan#100)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_over_3,047_m#pakistan#12)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_2,438_to_3,047_m#pakistan#19)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_1,524_to_2,437_m#pakistan#25)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_914_to_1,523_m#pakistan#11)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_under_914_m#pakistan#18)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_1,524_to_2,437_m#pakistan#7)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_914_to_1,523_m#pakistan#8 {1995 est.})
(transportation_heliports#pakistan#6 {1995 est.})
(communications_telephones#pakistan#1.572 million {1993 est.})
(communications_telephone_system#pakistan#the domestic system is mediocre, but adequate for government and business use, in part because major businesses have established their own private systems; since 1988, the government has promoted investment in the national telecommunications system on a priority basis; despite major improvements in trunk and urban systems, telecommunication services are still not readily available to the major portion of the population)
(communications_telephone_system_domestic#pakistan#microwave radio relay)
(communications_telephone_system_international#pakistan#satellite earth stations - 3 Intelsat {1 Atlantic Ocean and 2 Indian Ocean}; microwave radio relay to neighboring countries)
(communications_radio_broadcast_stations#pakistan#AM 26, FM 8, shortwave 11)
(communications_radios#pakistan#11.3 million {1992 est.})
(communications_television_broadcast_stations#pakistan#29)
(communications_televisions#pakistan#2.08 million {1993 est.})
(defense_branches#pakistan#Army, Navy, Air Force, Civil Armed Forces, National Guard)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_age_15-49#pakistan#30,519,339)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_fit_for_military_service#pakistan#18,720,175)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_reach_military_age_{17}_annually#pakistan#1,437,208 {1996 est.})
(defense_defense_expenditures#pakistan#exchange rate conversion - $3.1 billion, 5.3% of GDP {FY95/96})
(geography_location#palau#Oceania, group of islands in the North Pacific Ocean, southeast of the Philippines)
(geography_geographic_coordinates#palau#7 30 N, 134 30 E)
(geography_map_references#palau#Oceania)
(geography_area_total_area#palau#458 sq km)
(geography_area_land_area#palau#458 sq km)
(geography_area_comparative_area#palau#slightly more than 2.5 times the size of Washington, DC)
(geography_land_boundaries#palau#0 km)
(geography_coastline#palau#1,519 km)
(geography_maritime_claims_continental_shelf#palau#200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation)
(geography_maritime_claims_exclusive_fishing_zone#palau#12 nm)
(geography_maritime_claims_extended_fishing_zone#palau#200 nm)
(geography_maritime_claims_territorial_sea#palau#3 nm)
(geography_international_disputes#palau#none)
(geography_climate#palau#wet season May to November; hot and humid)
(geography_terrain#palau#varying geologically from the high, mountainous main island of Babelthuap to low, coral islands usually fringed by large barrier reefs)
(geography_terrain_lowest_point#palau#Pacific Ocean 0 m)
(geography_terrain_highest_point#palau#Mount Ngerchelchauus 242 m)
(geography_natural_resources#palau#forests, minerals {especially gold}, marine products, deep-seabed minerals)
(geography_land_use_arable_land#palau#NA%)
(geography_land_use_permanent_crops#palau#NA%)
(geography_land_use_meadows_and_pastures#palau#NA%)
(geography_land_use_forest_and_woodland#palau#NA%)
(geography_land_use_other#palau#NA%)
(geography_irrigated_land#palau#NA sq km)
(geography_environment_current_issues#palau#inadequate facilities for disposal of solid waste; threats to the marine ecosystem from sand and coral dredging and illegal fishing practices that involve the use of dynamite)
(geography_environment_natural_hazards#palau#typhoons {June to December})
(geography_environment_international_agreements#palau#NA)
(geography_geographic_note#palau#includes World War II battleground of Beliliou {Peleliu} and world-famous rock islands; archipelago of six island groups totaling over 200 islands in the Caroline chain)
(people_population#palau#16,952 {July 1996 est.})
(people_age_structure_0-14_years#palau#NA)
(people_age_structure_15-64_years#palau#NA)
(people_age_structure_65_years_and_over#palau#NA)
(people_population_growth_rate#palau#1.71% {1996 est.})
(people_birth_rate#palau#21.61 births/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_death_rate#palau#6.61 deaths/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_net_migration_rate#palau#2.12 migrant{s}/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_sex_ratio_at_birth#palau#NA male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_under_15_years#palau#NA male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_15-64_years#palau#NA male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_65_years_and_over#palau#NA male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_all_ages#palau#NA male{s}/female)
(people_infant_mortality_rate#palau#25.07 deaths/1,000 live births {1996 est.})
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_total_population#palau#71.01 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_male#palau#69.14 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_female#palau#73.02 years {1996 est.})
(people_total_fertility_rate#palau#2.79 children born/woman {1996 est.})
(people_nationality_noun#palau#Palauan{s})
(people_nationality_adjective#palau#Palauan)
(people_ethnic_divisions#palau#Palauans are a composite of Polynesian, Malayan, and Melanesian races)
(people_religions#palau#Christian {Catholics, Seventh-Day Adventists, Jehovah's Witnesses, the Assembly of God, the Liebenzell Mission, and Latter-Day Saints}, Modekngei religion {one-third of the population observes this religion which is indigenous to Palau})
(people_languages#palau#English {official in all of Palau's 16 states}, Sonsorolese {official in the state of Sonsoral}, Angaur and Japanese {in the state of Anguar}, Tobi {in the state of Tobi}, Palauan {in the other 13 states})
(people_literacy#palau#age 15 and over can read and write {1980 est.})
(people_literacy_total_population#palau#92%)
(people_literacy_male#palau#93%)
(people_literacy_female#palau#90%)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_long_form#palau#Republic of Palau)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_short_form#palau#Palau)
(government_name_of_country_local_long_form#palau#Beluu er a Belau)
(government_name_of_country_local_short_form#palau#Belau)
(government_name_of_country_former#palau#Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands)
(government_data_code#palau#PS)
(government_type_of_government#palau#constitutional government in free association with the US; the Compact of Free Association entered into force 1 October 1994)
(government_capital#palau#Koror)
(government_capital_note#palau#a new capital is being built about 20 km northeast in eastern Babelthuap)
(government_administrative_divisions#palau#there are no first-order administrative divisions as defined by the US Government, but there are 16 states: Aimeliik, Airai, Angaur, Kayangel, Koror, Melekeok, Ngaraard, Ngardmau, Ngaremlengui, Ngatpang, Ngchesar, Ngerchelong, Ngiwal, Peleliu, Sonsorol, Tobi)
(government_independence#palau#1 October 1994 {from the US-administered UN Trusteeship})
(government_national_holiday#palau#Constitution Day, 9 July {1979})
(government_constitution#palau#1 January 1981)
(government_legal_system#palau#based on Trust Territory laws, acts of the legislature, municipal, common, and customary laws)
(government_suffrage#palau#18 years of age; universal)
(government_executive_branch_chief_of_state_and_head_of_government#palau#President Kuniwo NAKAMURA {since 1 January 1993} and Vice President Tommy E. REMENGESAU Jr. {since 1 January 1993} were elected for four-year terms by popular vote; election last held 4 November 1992 {next to be held NA November 1996}; results - Kuniwo NAKAMURA 50.7%, Johnson TORIBIONG 49.3%)
(government_executive_branch_cabinet#palau#Cabinet)
(government_legislative_branch#palau#bicameral Parliament {Olbiil Era Kelulau or OEK})
(government_senate#palau#elections last held 4 November 1992 {next to be held NA November 1996}; results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - {14 total} number of seats by party NA)
(government_house_of_delegates#palau#elections last held 4 November 1992 {next to be held NA November 1996}; results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - {16 total} number of seats by party NA)
(government_judicial_branch#palau#Supreme Court; National Court; Court of Common Pleas)
(government_political_parties_and_leaders#palau#Palau Nationalist Party, Polycarp BASILIUS)
(government_international_organization_participation#palau#ESCAP {associate}, SPC, SPF, UN, WHO)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_chief_of_mission#palau#Ambassador {vacant}; Charge d'Affaires ad interim Isaac Ngewakl SOALADAOB)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_chancery#palau#2000 L Street NW, Suite 407, Washington, DC 20036)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_telephone#palau#[1] {202} 452-6814)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_fax#palau#[1] {202} 452-6281)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_chief_of_mission#palau#Ambassador {vacant}; Charge d'Affaires Richard G. WATKINS)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_embassy#palau#address NA, Koror)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_mailing_address#palau#P.O. Box 6028, Republic of Palau 96940)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_telephone#palau#[680] 488-2920, 2990)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_fax#palau#[680] 488-2911)
(government_flag#palau#light blue with a large yellow disk {representing the moon} shifted slightly to the hoist side)
(economy_economic_overview#palau#The economy consists primarily of subsistence agriculture and fishing. The government is the major employer of the work force, relying heavily on financial assistance from the US. The population, in effect, enjoys a per capita income of $5,000, twice that of the Philippines and much of Micronesia. Long-run prospects for the tourist sector have been greatly bolstered by the expansion of air travel in the Pacific and the rapidly rising prosperity of leading East Asian countries. Reducing budgeted operating expenditures - which have increased 56% from 1989 to 1993 - will be the biggest challenge for the government over the next several years.)
(economy_gdp#palau#purchasing power parity - $81.8 million {1994 est.})
(economy_gdp_note#palau#GDP numbers reflect US spending)
(economy_gdp_real_growth_rate#palau#NA%)
(economy_gdp_per_capita#palau#$5,000 {1994 est.})
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_agriculture#palau#NA%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_industry#palau#NA%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_services#palau#NA%)
(economy_inflation_rate_{consumer_prices}#palau#NA%)
(economy_labor_force#palau#NA)
(economy_labor_force_by_occupation#palau#NA)
(economy_unemployment_rate#palau#20% {1986})
(economy_budget_revenues#palau#$17 million)
(economy_budget_expenditures#palau#$57 million, including capital expenditures of $NA {1995 est.})
(economy_industries#palau#tourism, craft items {from shell, wood, pearls}, some commercial fishing and agriculture)
(economy_industrial_production_growth_rate#palau#NA%)
(economy_electricity_capacity#palau#16,000 kW)
(economy_electricity_production#palau#22 million kWh)
(economy_electricity_consumption_per_capita#palau#1,540 kWh {1990})
(economy_agriculture#palau#coconuts, copra, cassava {tapioca}, sweet potatoes)
(economy_exports#palau#$600,000 {f.o.b., 1989})
(economy_exports_commodities#palau#trochus {type of shellfish}, tuna, copra, handicrafts)
(economy_exports_partners#palau#US, Japan)
(economy_imports#palau#$24.6 million {c.i.f., 1989})
(economy_imports_commodities#palau#NA)
(economy_imports_partners#palau#US)
(economy_external_debt#palau#about $100 million {1989})
(economy_economic_aid_recipient#palau#ODA, $NA)
(economy_economic_aid_note#palau#the compact of "free association" with the US, entered into after the end of the UN trusteeship on 1 October 1994, provides Palau with $500 million in US aid over 15 years in return for furnishing military facilities)
(economy_currency#palau#1 United States dollar {US$} = 100 cents)
(economy_exchange_rates#palau#US currency is used)
(economy_fiscal_year#palau#1 October - 30 September)
(transportation_railways#palau#0 km)
(transportation_highways_total#palau#61 km)
(transportation_highways_paved#palau#36 km)
(transportation_highways_unpaved#palau#25 km)
(transportation_ports#palau#Koror)
(transportation_merchant_marine#palau#none)
(transportation_airports_total#palau#3)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_1,524_to_2,437_m#palau#1)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_1,524_to_2,437_m#palau#2 {1995 est.})
(communications_telephones#palau#1,500 {1988 est.})
(communications_telephone_system_domestic#palau#NA)
(communications_telephone_system_international#palau#satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat {Pacific Ocean})
(communications_radio_broadcast_stations#palau#AM 1, FM 1, shortwave 0)
(communications_radios#palau#9,000 {1993 est.})
(communications_television_broadcast_stations#palau#2)
(communications_televisions#palau#1,600 {1993 est.})
(defense_branches#palau#NA)
(defense_defense_expenditures#palau#$NA, NA% of GDP)
(defense_defense_note#palau#defense is the responsibility of the US)
(header_affiliation#palmyra_atoll#{territory of the US})
(geography_location#palmyra_atoll#Oceania, atoll in the North Pacific Ocean, about one-half of the way from Hawaii to American Samoa)
(geography_geographic_coordinates#palmyra_atoll#5 52 N, 162 06 W)
(geography_map_references#palmyra_atoll#Oceania)
(geography_area_total_area#palmyra_atoll#11.9 sq km)
(geography_area_land_area#palmyra_atoll#11.9 sq km)
(geography_area_comparative_area#palmyra_atoll#about 20 times the size of The Mall in Washington, DC)
(geography_land_boundaries#palmyra_atoll#0 km)
(geography_coastline#palmyra_atoll#14.5 km)
(geography_maritime_claims_exclusive_economic_zone#palmyra_atoll#200 nm)
(geography_maritime_claims_territorial_sea#palmyra_atoll#12 nm)
(geography_international_disputes#palmyra_atoll#none)
(geography_climate#palmyra_atoll#equatorial, hot, and very rainy)
(geography_terrain#palmyra_atoll#very low)
(geography_terrain_lowest_point#palmyra_atoll#Pacific Ocean 0 m)
(geography_terrain_highest_point#palmyra_atoll#unnamed location 2 m)
(geography_natural_resources#palmyra_atoll#none)
(geography_land_use_arable_land#palmyra_atoll#0%)
(geography_land_use_permanent_crops#palmyra_atoll#0%)
(geography_land_use_meadows_and_pastures#palmyra_atoll#0%)
(geography_land_use_forest_and_woodland#palmyra_atoll#100%)
(geography_land_use_other#palmyra_atoll#0%)
(geography_irrigated_land#palmyra_atoll#0 sq km)
(geography_environment_current_issues#palmyra_atoll#NA)
(geography_environment_natural_hazards#palmyra_atoll#NA)
(geography_environment_international_agreements#palmyra_atoll#NA)
(geography_geographic_note#palmyra_atoll#about 50 islets covered with dense vegetation, coconut trees, and balsa-like trees up to 30 meters tall)
(people_population#palmyra_atoll#uninhabited)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_long_form#palmyra_atoll#none)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_short_form#palmyra_atoll#Palmyra Atoll)
(government_data_code#palmyra_atoll#LQ)
(government_type_of_government#palmyra_atoll#incorporated territory of the US; privately owned, but administered by the Office of Territorial and International Affairs, US Department of the Interior)
(government_capital#palmyra_atoll#none; administered from Washington, DC)
(government_flag#palmyra_atoll#the flag of the US is used)
(economy_economic_overview#palmyra_atoll#no economic activity)
(transportation_highways#palmyra_atoll#much of the road and many causeways built during World War II are unserviceable and overgrown)
(transportation_ports#palmyra_atoll#West Lagoon)
(transportation_airports#palmyra_atoll#airstrip has been overgrown by vegetation and is no longer serviceable)
(defense_defense_note#palmyra_atoll#defense is the responsibility of the US)
(geography_location#panama#Middle America, bordering both the Caribbean Sea and the North Pacific Ocean, between Colombia and Costa Rica)
(geography_geographic_coordinates#panama#9 00 N, 80 00 W)
(geography_map_references#panama#Central America and the Caribbean)
(geography_area_total_area#panama#78,200 sq km)
(geography_area_land_area#panama#75,990 sq km)
(geography_area_comparative_area#panama#slightly smaller than South Carolina)
(geography_land_boundaries_total#panama#555 km)
(geography_land_boundaries_border_countries#panama#Colombia 225 km, Costa Rica 330 km)
(geography_coastline#panama#2,490 km)
(geography_maritime_claims_territorial_sea#panama#200 nm)
(geography_international_disputes#panama#none)
(geography_climate#panama#tropical; hot, humid, cloudy; prolonged rainy season {May to January}, short dry season {January to May})
(geography_terrain#panama#interior mostly steep, rugged mountains and dissected, upland plains; coastal areas largely plains and rolling hills)
(geography_terrain_lowest_point#panama#Pacific Ocean 0 m)
(geography_terrain_highest_point#panama#Volcan de Chiriqui 3,475 m)
(geography_natural_resources#panama#copper, mahogany forests, shrimp)
(geography_land_use_arable_land#panama#6%)
(geography_land_use_permanent_crops#panama#2%)
(geography_land_use_meadows_and_pastures#panama#15%)
(geography_land_use_forest_and_woodland#panama#54%)
(geography_land_use_other#panama#23%)
(geography_irrigated_land#panama#320 sq km {1989 est.})
(geography_environment_current_issues#panama#water pollution from agricultural runoff threatens fishery resources; deforestation of tropical rain forest; land degradation)
(geography_environment_natural_hazards#panama#NA)
(geography_environment_international_agreements#panama#party to - Biodiversity, Climate Change, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Marine Dumping, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Wetlands; signed, but not ratified - Desertification, Law of the Sea, Marine Life Conservation, Tropical Timber 94)
(geography_geographic_note#panama#strategic location on eastern end of isthmus forming land bridge connecting North and South America; controls Panama Canal that links North Atlantic Ocean via Caribbean Sea with North Pacific Ocean)
(people_population#panama#2,655,094 {July 1996 est.})
(people_age_structure_0-14_years#panama#33% {male 445,382; female 426,111})
(people_age_structure_15-64_years#panama#62% {male 828,384; female 806,205})
(people_age_structure_65_years_and_over#panama#5% {male 71,823; female 77,189} {July 1996 est.})
(people_population_growth_rate#panama#1.64% {1996 est.})
(people_birth_rate#panama#23.2 births/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_death_rate#panama#5.42 deaths/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_net_migration_rate#panama#-1.42 migrant{s}/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_sex_ratio_at_birth#panama#1.04 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_under_15_years#panama#1.04 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_15-64_years#panama#1.03 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_65_years_and_over#panama#0.93 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_all_ages#panama#1.03 male{s}/female {1996 est.})
(people_infant_mortality_rate#panama#29.7 deaths/1,000 live births {1996 est.})
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_total_population#panama#73.92 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_male#panama#71.19 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_female#panama#76.75 years {1996 est.})
(people_total_fertility_rate#panama#2.71 children born/woman {1996 est.})
(people_nationality_noun#panama#Panamanian{s})
(people_nationality_adjective#panama#Panamanian)
(people_ethnic_divisions#panama#mestizo {mixed Indian and European ancestry} 70%, West Indian 14%, white 10%, Indian 6%)
(people_religions#panama#Roman Catholic 85%, Protestant 15%)
(people_languages#panama#Spanish {official}, English 14%)
(people_languages_note#panama#many Panamanians bilingual)
(people_literacy#panama#age 15 and over can read and write {1995 est.})
(people_literacy_total_population#panama#90.8%)
(people_literacy_male#panama#91.4%)
(people_literacy_female#panama#90.2%)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_long_form#panama#Republic of Panama)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_short_form#panama#Panama)
(government_name_of_country_local_long_form#panama#Republica de Panama)
(government_name_of_country_local_short_form#panama#Panama)
(government_data_code#panama#PM)
(government_type_of_government#panama#constitutional republic)
(government_capital#panama#Panama)
(government_administrative_divisions#panama#9 provinces {provincias, singular - provincia} and 1 territory* {comarca}; Bocas del Toro, Chiriqui, Cocle, Colon, Darien, Herrera, Los Santos, Panama, San Blas*, Veraguas)
(government_independence#panama#3 November 1903 {from Colombia; became independent from Spain 28 November 1821})
(government_national_holiday#panama#Independence Day, 3 November {1903})
(government_constitution#panama#11 October 1972; major reforms adopted April 1983)
(government_legal_system#panama#based on civil law system; judicial review of legislative acts in the Supreme Court of Justice; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations)
(government_suffrage#panama#18 years of age; universal and compulsory)
(government_executive_branch_chief_of_state_and_head_of_government#panama#President Ernesto PEREZ BALLADARES Gonzalez Revilla {since 1 September 1994}, First Vice President Tomas Gabriel ALTAMIRANO DUQUE {since 1 September 1994}, Second Vice President Felipe Alejandro VIRZI Lopez {since 1 September 1994} were elected for five-year terms by popular vote; election last held 8 May 1994 {next to be held 9 May 1999}; results - Ernesto PEREZ BALLADARES {PRD} 33%, Mireya MOSCOSO DE GRUBER {PA} 29%, Ruben BLADES {MPE} 17%, Ruben Dario CARLES {MOLIRENA} 16%)
(government_executive_branch_cabinet#panama#Cabinet was appointed by the president)
(government_legislative_branch#panama#unicameral)
(government_legislative_assembly_{asamblea_legislativa}#panama#legislators from outlying rural districts are chosen on a plurality basis while districts located in more populous towns and cities elect multiple legislators by means of a proportion-based formula; elections last held 8 May 1994 {next to be held 9 May 1999}; results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - {72 total} PRD 32, PS 4, PALA 1, PA 14, MPE 6, MOLIRENA 4, PLA 3, PRC 3, PL 2, PDC 1, UDI 1, MORENA 1)
(government_judicial_branch#panama#Supreme Court of Justice {Corte Suprema de Justicia}, nine judges appointed for 10-year terms; five superior courts; three courts of appeal)
(government_political_parties_and_leaders_governing_coalition#panama#Democratic Revolutionary Party {PRD}, Gerardo GONZALEZ; Liberal Republican Party {PLR}, Rodolfo CHIARI; Labor Party {PALA}, Carlos Lopez GUEVARA)
(government_political_parties_and_leaders_other_parties#panama#Solidarity Party {PS}, Samuel LEWIS GALINDO; Nationalist Republican Liberal Movement {MOLIRENA}, Delia CARDENAS; Authentic Liberal Party {PLA}, Arnulfo ESCALONA; Arnulfista Party {PA}, Mireya MOSCOSO DE GRUBER; Christian Democratic Party {PDC}, Ruben AROSEMENA; Liberal Party {PL}, Roberto ALEMAN Zubieta; Papa Egoro Movement {MPE}, Gloria YOUNG; Civic Renewal Party {PRC}, Tomas HERRERA; National Unity Mission Party {MUN}, Jose Manuel PAREDES; Independent Democratic Union {UDI}, Jacinto CARDENAS; National Renovation Movement {MORENA}, Pedro VALLERINO)
(government_other_political_or_pressure_groups#panama#National Council of Organized Workers {CONATO}; National Council of Private Enterprise {CONEP}; Panamanian Association of Business Executives {APEDE}; National Civic Crusade; Chamber of Commerce; Panamanian Industrialists Society {SIP}; Workers Confederation of the Republic of Panama {CTRP})
(government_international_organization_participation#panama#AG {associate}, ECLAC, FAO, G-77, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ITU, LAES, LAIA {observer}, NAM, OAS, OPANAL, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO {applicant})
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_chief_of_mission#panama#Ambassador Ricardo Alberto ARIAS)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_chancery#panama#2862 McGill Terrace NW, Washington, DC 20008)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_telephone#panama#[1] {202} 483-1407)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_consulate{s}_general#panama#Atlanta, Houston, Miami, New Orleans, New York, San Francisco, San Juan {Puerto Rico}, Tampa)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_chief_of_mission#panama#Ambassador William John HUGHES)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_embassy#panama#Avenida Balboa and Calle 38, Apartado 6959, Panama City 5)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_mailing_address#panama#American Embassy Panama, Unit 0945, APO AA 34002)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_telephone#panama#[507] 227-1377)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_fax#panama#[507] 227-1964)
(government_flag#panama#divided into four, equal rectangles; the top quadrants are white {hoist side} with a blue five-pointed star in the center and plain red, the bottom quadrants are plain blue {hoist side} and white with a red five-pointed star in the center)
(economy_economic_overview#panama#Because of its key geographic location, Panama's economy is service-based, heavily weighted toward banking, commerce, and tourism. The manufacturing and agriculture sectors have become inefficient under protectionist policies. After fast growth during the early 1990s, the economy has slowed down in the last two years, with GDP growth at 2.8% in 1994 and in 1995. The slowdown has been due mostly to a reduction in construction activities and stagnation in the Colon Free Zone and financial services, the three fastest growing sectors early in the decade. To counter the slowdown, the PEREZ BALLADARES administration has launched an economic reform program designed to reverse unemployment, attract foreign investment, cut back the size of government, and modernize the economy. In 1995, Panama reached an agreement in principle to reschedule its commercial debt - one of the highest in the world in per capita terms - which will allow the country to reenter international financial markets. Panama should complete all requirements to join the World Trade Organization {WTrO} in 1996.)
(economy_gdp#panama#purchasing power parity - $13.6 billion {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_real_growth_rate#panama#2.8% {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_per_capita#panama#$5,100 {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_agriculture#panama#10%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_industry#panama#16%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_services#panama#74% {1995 est.})
(economy_inflation_rate_{consumer_prices}#panama#1.1% {1995})
(economy_labor_force#panama#979,000 {1994 est.})
(economy_labor_force_by_occupation#panama#government and community services 31.8%, agriculture, hunting, and fishing 26.8%, commerce, restaurants, and hotels 16.4%, manufacturing and mining 9.4%, construction 3.2%, transportation and communications 6.2%, finance, insurance, and real estate 4.3%)
(economy_labor_force_note#panama#shortage of skilled labor, but an oversupply of unskilled labor)
(economy_unemployment_rate#panama#13.8% {1995})
(economy_budget_revenues#panama#$1.86 billion)
(economy_budget_expenditures#panama#$1.86 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA {1995})
(economy_industries#panama#construction, petroleum refining, brewing, cement and other construction materials, sugar milling)
(economy_industrial_production_growth_rate#panama#0.4% {1995 est.})
(economy_electricity_capacity#panama#960,000 kW)
(economy_electricity_production#panama#2.8 billion kWh)
(economy_electricity_consumption_per_capita#panama#1,047 kWh {1993})
(economy_agriculture#panama#bananas, rice, corn, coffee, sugarcane, vegetables; livestock; fishing {shrimp})
(economy_illicit_drugs#panama#major cocaine transshipment point and major drug money laundering center; minor producer of coca leaf; active eradication program)
(economy_exports#panama#$548 million {f.o.b., 1995})
(economy_exports_commodities#panama#bananas 43%, shrimp 11%, sugar 4%, clothing 5%, coffee 2%)
(economy_exports_partners#panama#US 39%, EU, Central America and Caribbean)
(economy_imports#panama#$2.45 billion {c.i.f., 1995})
(economy_imports_commodities#panama#capital goods 21%, crude oil 11%, foodstuffs 9%, consumer goods, chemicals)
(economy_imports_partners#panama#US 40%, EU, Central America and Caribbean, Japan)
(economy_external_debt#panama#$6.7 billion {yearend 1993 est.})
(economy_economic_aid_recipient#panama#ODA, $58 million {1993})
(economy_currency#panama#1 balboa {B} = 100 centesimos)
(economy_exchange_rates#panama#balboas {B} per US$1 - 1.000 {fixed rate})
(economy_fiscal_year#panama#calendar year)
(transportation_railways_total#panama#355 km)
(transportation_railways_broad_gauge#panama#76 km 1.524-m gauge)
(transportation_railways_narrow_gauge#panama#279 km 0.914-m gauge)
(transportation_highways_total#panama#10,103 km)
(transportation_highways_paved#panama#3,233 km)
(transportation_highways_unpaved#panama#6,870 km {1992 est.})
(transportation_waterways#panama#800 km navigable by shallow draft vessels; 82 km Panama Canal)
(transportation_pipelines#panama#crude oil 130 km)
(transportation_ports#panama#Balboa, Cristobal, Coco Solo North, Vacamonte)
(transportation_merchant_marine_total#panama#3,758 ships {1,000 GRT or over} totaling 69,960,500 GRT/107,632,713 DWT)
(transportation_merchant_marine_ships_by_type#panama#bulk 902, cargo 1,050, chemical tanker 168, combination bulk 40, combination ore/oil 19, container 307, liquefied gas tanker 155, livestock carrier 7, multifunction large-load carrier 3, oil tanker 488, passenger 31, passenger-cargo 5, refrigerated cargo 295, roll-on/roll-off cargo 93, short-sea passenger 34, specialized tanker 11, vehicle carrier 150)
(transportation_merchant_marine_note#panama#a flag of convenience registry; includes ships from 83 countries among which are Japan 1,212, Greece 360, Hong Kong 263, Taiwan 203, South Korea 198, US 160, China 152, Singapore 118, UK 79, Switzerland 67, and Norway 58 {1995 est.})
(transportation_airports_total#panama#99)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_over_3,047_m#panama#1)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_2,438_to_3,047_m#panama#1)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_1,524_to_2,437_m#panama#5)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_914_to_1,523_m#panama#14)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_under_914_m#panama#60)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_914_to_1,523_m#panama#18 {1995 est.})
(communications_telephones#panama#273,000 {1991 est.})
(communications_telephone_system#panama#domestic and international facilities well developed)
(communications_telephone_system_domestic#panama#NA)
(communications_telephone_system_international#panama#1 coaxial submarine cable; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat {Atlantic Ocean}; connected to the Central American Microwave System)
(communications_radio_broadcast_stations#panama#AM 91, FM 0, shortwave 0)
(communications_radios#panama#564,000 {1992 est.})
(communications_television_broadcast_stations#panama#23)
(communications_televisions#panama#420,000 {1992 est.})
(defense_branches#panama#Panamanian Public Forces {PPF; includes the National Police, National Maritime Service, National Air Service, and Institutional Protective Service}; Judicial Technical Police)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_age_15-49#panama#705,427)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_fit_for_military_service#panama#484,571 {1996 est.})
(defense_defense_expenditures#panama#exchange rate conversion - $78 million, NA% of GDP {1995}; note - for police and security forces)
(geography_location#papua_new_guinea#Southeastern Asia, group of islands including the eastern half of the island of New Guinea between the Coral Sea and the South Pacific Ocean, east of Indonesia)
(geography_geographic_coordinates#papua_new_guinea#6 00 S, 147 00 E)
(geography_map_references#papua_new_guinea#Oceania)
(geography_area_total_area#papua_new_guinea#461,690 sq km)
(geography_area_land_area#papua_new_guinea#451,710 sq km)
(geography_area_comparative_area#papua_new_guinea#slightly larger than California)
(geography_land_boundaries_total#papua_new_guinea#820 km)
(geography_land_boundaries_border_country#papua_new_guinea#Indonesia 820 km)
(geography_coastline#papua_new_guinea#5,152 km)
(geography_maritime_claims#papua_new_guinea#measured from claimed archipelagic baselines)
(geography_maritime_claims_continental_shelf#papua_new_guinea#200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation)
(geography_maritime_claims_exclusive_fishing_zone#papua_new_guinea#200 nm)
(geography_maritime_claims_territorial_sea#papua_new_guinea#12 nm)
(geography_international_disputes#papua_new_guinea#none)
(geography_climate#papua_new_guinea#tropical; northwest monsoon {December to March}, southeast monsoon {May to October}; slight seasonal temperature variation)
(geography_terrain#papua_new_guinea#mostly mountains with coastal lowlands and rolling foothills)
(geography_terrain_lowest_point#papua_new_guinea#Pacific Ocean 0 m)
(geography_terrain_highest_point#papua_new_guinea#Mount Wilhelm 4,509 m)
(geography_natural_resources#papua_new_guinea#gold, copper, silver, natural gas, timber, oil potential)
(geography_land_use_arable_land#papua_new_guinea#0%)
(geography_land_use_permanent_crops#papua_new_guinea#1%)
(geography_land_use_meadows_and_pastures#papua_new_guinea#0%)
(geography_land_use_forest_and_woodland#papua_new_guinea#71%)
(geography_land_use_other#papua_new_guinea#28%)
(geography_irrigated_land#papua_new_guinea#NA sq km)
(geography_environment_current_issues#papua_new_guinea#rain forest subject to deforestation as a result of growing commercial demand for tropical timber; pollution from mining projects)
(geography_environment_natural_hazards#papua_new_guinea#active volcanism; situated along the Pacific "Rim of Fire"; the country is subject to frequent and sometimes severe earthquakes; mud slides)
(geography_environment_international_agreements#papua_new_guinea#party to - Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Marine Dumping, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Wetlands; signed, but not ratified - Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Tropical Timber 94)
(geography_geographic_note#papua_new_guinea#shares island of New Guinea with Indonesia; one of world's largest swamps along southwest coast)
(people_population#papua_new_guinea#4,394,537 {July 1996 est.})
(people_age_structure_0-14_years#papua_new_guinea#40% {male 906,709; female 860,534})
(people_age_structure_15-64_years#papua_new_guinea#57% {male 1,303,084; female 1,195,245})
(people_age_structure_65_years_and_over#papua_new_guinea#3% {male 59,513; female 69,452} {July 1996 est.})
(people_population_growth_rate#papua_new_guinea#2.29% {1996 est.})
(people_birth_rate#papua_new_guinea#32.93 births/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_death_rate#papua_new_guinea#10.01 deaths/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_net_migration_rate#papua_new_guinea#0 migrant{s}/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_sex_ratio_at_birth#papua_new_guinea#1.05 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_under_15_years#papua_new_guinea#1.05 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_15-64_years#papua_new_guinea#1.09 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_65_years_and_over#papua_new_guinea#0.86 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_all_ages#papua_new_guinea#1.07 male{s}/female {1996 est.})
(people_infant_mortality_rate#papua_new_guinea#60.1 deaths/1,000 live births {1996 est.})
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_total_population#papua_new_guinea#57.25 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_male#papua_new_guinea#56.4 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_female#papua_new_guinea#58.15 years {1996 est.})
(people_total_fertility_rate#papua_new_guinea#4.45 children born/woman {1996 est.})
(people_nationality_noun#papua_new_guinea#Papua New Guinean{s})
(people_nationality_adjective#papua_new_guinea#Papua New Guinean)
(people_ethnic_divisions#papua_new_guinea#Melanesian, Papuan, Negrito, Micronesian, Polynesian)
(people_religions#papua_new_guinea#Roman Catholic 22%, Lutheran 16%, Presbyterian/Methodist/London Missionary Society 8%, Anglican 5%, Evangelical Alliance 4%, Seventh-Day Adventist 1%, other Protestant sects 10%, indigenous beliefs 34%)
(people_languages#papua_new_guinea#English spoken by 1%-2%, pidgin English widespread, Motu spoken in Papua region)
(people_languages_note#papua_new_guinea#715 indigenous languages)
(people_literacy#papua_new_guinea#age 15 and over can read and write {1995 est.})
(people_literacy_total_population#papua_new_guinea#72.2%)
(people_literacy_male#papua_new_guinea#81%)
(people_literacy_female#papua_new_guinea#62.7%)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_long_form#papua_new_guinea#Independent State of Papua New Guinea)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_short_form#papua_new_guinea#Papua New Guinea)
(government_name_of_country_abbreviation#papua_new_guinea#PNG)
(government_data_code#papua_new_guinea#PP)
(government_type_of_government#papua_new_guinea#parliamentary democracy)
(government_capital#papua_new_guinea#Port Moresby)
(government_administrative_divisions#papua_new_guinea#20 provinces; Central, Chimbu, Eastern Highlands, East New Britain, East Sepik, Enga, Gulf, Madang, Manus, Milne Bay, Morobe, National Capital, New Ireland, Northern, North Solomons, Sandaun, Southern Highlands, Western, Western Highlands, West New Britain)
(government_independence#papua_new_guinea#16 September 1975 {from the Australian-administered UN trusteeship})
(government_national_holiday#papua_new_guinea#Independence Day, 16 September {1975})
(government_constitution#papua_new_guinea#16 September 1975)
(government_legal_system#papua_new_guinea#based on English common law)
(government_suffrage#papua_new_guinea#19 years of age; universal)
(government_executive_branch_chief_of_state#papua_new_guinea#Queen ELIZABETH II {since 6 February 1952} is a hereditary monarch, represented by Governor General Wiwa KOROWI {since 11 November 1991}, who was appointed by the National Executive Council)
(government_executive_branch_head_of_government#papua_new_guinea#Prime Minister Sir Julius CHAN {since 30 August 1994} and Deputy Prime Minister Chris HAIVETA {since 7 September 1994} were appointed by the governor general)
(government_executive_branch_cabinet#papua_new_guinea#National Executive Council was appointed by the governor general on recommendation of the prime minister)
(government_legislative_branch#papua_new_guinea#unicameral)
(government_national_parliament_{sometimes_referred_to_as_the_house_of_assembly}#papua_new_guinea#elections last held 13-26 June 1992 {next to be held NA 1997}; results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - {109 total} Pangu Party 24, PDM 17, PPP 10, PAP 10, independents 30, others 18; note - association with political parties is fluid)
(government_judicial_branch#papua_new_guinea#Supreme Court, the chief justice is appointed by the governor general on the proposal of the National Executive Council after consultation with the minister responsible for justice, other judges are appointed by the Judicial and Legal Services Commission)
(government_political_parties_and_leaders#papua_new_guinea#Papua New Guinea United Party {Pangu Party}, Chris HAIVETA; People's Democratic Movement {PDM}, Paias WINGTI; People's Action Party {PAP}, Akoka DOI; People's Progress Party {PPP}, Sir Julius CHAN; United Party {UP}, Paul TORATO; Papua Party {PP}, Galeva KWARARA; National Party {NP}, Paul PORA; Melanesian Alliance {MA}, Fr. John MOMIS)
(government_international_organization_participation#papua_new_guinea#ACP, APEC, AsDB, C, CP, ESCAP, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, ISO {correspondent}, ITU, NAM, Sparteca, SPC, SPF, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WMO)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_chief_of_mission#papua_new_guinea#Ambassador Kepas Isimel WATANGIA)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_chancery#papua_new_guinea#3rd floor, 1615 New Hampshire Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20009)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_telephone#papua_new_guinea#[1] {202} 745-3680)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_fax#papua_new_guinea#[1] {202} 745-3679)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_chief_of_mission#papua_new_guinea#Ambassador Richard W. TEARE)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_embassy#papua_new_guinea#Douglas Street, Port Moresby)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_mailing_address#papua_new_guinea#P. O. Box 1492, Port Moresby)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_telephone#papua_new_guinea#[675] 321-1455)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_fax#papua_new_guinea#[675] 321-3423)
(government_flag#papua_new_guinea#divided diagonally from upper hoist-side corner; the upper triangle is red with a soaring yellow bird of paradise centered; the lower triangle is black with five white five-pointed stars of the Southern Cross constellation centered)
(economy_economic_overview#papua_new_guinea#Papua New Guinea is richly endowed with natural resources, but exploitation has been hampered by the rugged terrain and the high cost of developing an infrastructure. Agriculture provides a subsistence livelihood for the bulk of the population. Mining of numerous deposits, including copper and gold, accounts for about 60% of export earnings. Budgetary support from Australia and development aid under World Bank auspices have helped sustain the economy. In 1995, Port Moresby reached agreement with the IMF and World Bank on a structural adjustment program. PNG will receive loans totaling $350 million over the next two years from a variety of lenders including the Fund, the Bank, the Australian Government, and the Japanese Export-Import Bank. The loans will be provided only if Port Moresby implements significant reforms to liberalize trade and investment policies, reduce the public sector, and promote sustainable development of the forestry sector. At the start of 1996, Port Moresby is looking primarily to the exploitation of mineral and petroleum resources to drive economic development but new prospecting in Papua New Guinea has slumped as other mineral-rich countries have stepped up their competition for international investment. Output from current projects will probably begin to taper off in 1996, but no new large ventures are being developed to succeed them.)
(economy_gdp#papua_new_guinea#purchasing power parity - $10.2 billion {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_real_growth_rate#papua_new_guinea#-3% {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_per_capita#papua_new_guinea#$2,400 {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_agriculture#papua_new_guinea#NA%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_industry#papua_new_guinea#NA%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_services#papua_new_guinea#NA%)
(economy_inflation_rate_{consumer_prices}#papua_new_guinea#15% {1995})
(economy_labor_force#papua_new_guinea#1.941 million)
(economy_labor_force_by_occupation#papua_new_guinea#agriculture 64% {1993 est.})
(economy_unemployment_rate#papua_new_guinea#NA%)
(economy_budget_revenues#papua_new_guinea#$1.86 billion)
(economy_budget_expenditures#papua_new_guinea#$1.9 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA {1995 est.})
(economy_industries#papua_new_guinea#copra crushing, palm oil processing, plywood production, wood chip production; mining of gold, silver, and copper; construction, tourism)
(economy_industrial_production_growth_rate#papua_new_guinea#NA%)
(economy_electricity_capacity#papua_new_guinea#490,000 kW)
(economy_electricity_production#papua_new_guinea#1.8 billion kWh)
(economy_electricity_consumption_per_capita#papua_new_guinea#390 kWh {1993})
(economy_agriculture#papua_new_guinea#coffee, cocoa, coconuts, palm kernels, tea, rubber, sweet potatoes, fruit, vegetables; poultry, pork)
(economy_exports#papua_new_guinea#$2.4 billion {f.o.b., 1995 est.})
(economy_exports_commodities#papua_new_guinea#gold, copper ore, oil, logs, palm oil, coffee, cocoa, lobster)
(economy_exports_partners#papua_new_guinea#Australia, Japan, US, Singapore, New Zealand)
(economy_imports#papua_new_guinea#$1.4 billion {c.i.f., 1995 est.})
(economy_imports_commodities#papua_new_guinea#machinery and transport equipment, manufactured goods, food, fuels, chemicals)
(economy_imports_partners#papua_new_guinea#Australia, Japan, UK, New Zealand, Netherlands)
(economy_external_debt#papua_new_guinea#$3.2 billion {1995})
(economy_economic_aid_recipient#papua_new_guinea#ODA, $291 million {1993})
(economy_currency#papua_new_guinea#1 kina {K} = 100 toea)
(economy_exchange_rates#papua_new_guinea#kina {K} per US$1 - 0.7552 {October 1995}, 0.9950 {1994}, 1.0221 {1993}, 1.0367 {1992}, 1.0504 {1991}; note - the government floated the kina on 10 October 1994)
(economy_fiscal_year#papua_new_guinea#calendar year)
(transportation_railways#papua_new_guinea#0 km)
(transportation_highways_total#papua_new_guinea#19,088 km)
(transportation_highways_paved#papua_new_guinea#640 km)
(transportation_highways_unpaved#papua_new_guinea#18,448 km {1988 est.})
(transportation_waterways#papua_new_guinea#10,940 km)
(transportation_ports#papua_new_guinea#Kieta, Lae, Madang, Port Moresby, Rabaul)
(transportation_merchant_marine_total#papua_new_guinea#12 ships {1,000 GRT or over} totaling 22,565 GRT/27,114 DWT)
(transportation_merchant_marine_ships_by_type#papua_new_guinea#bulk 2, cargo 3, combination ore/oil 5, container 1, roll-on/roll-off 1 {1995 est.})
(transportation_airports_total#papua_new_guinea#451)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_2,438_to_3,047_m#papua_new_guinea#1)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_1,524_to_2,437_m#papua_new_guinea#12)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_914_to_1,523_m#papua_new_guinea#5)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_under_914_m#papua_new_guinea#371)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_1,524_to_2,437_m#papua_new_guinea#11)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_914_to_1,523_m#papua_new_guinea#51 {1995 est.})
(transportation_heliports#papua_new_guinea#2 {1995 est.})
(communications_telephones#papua_new_guinea#63,212 {1986 est.})
(communications_telephone_system#papua_new_guinea#services are adequate and being improved; facilities provide radiotelephone and telegraph, coastal radio, aeronautical radio, and international radio communication services)
(communications_telephone_system_domestic#papua_new_guinea#mostly radiotelephone)
(communications_telephone_system_international#papua_new_guinea#submarine cables to Australia and Guam; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat {Pacific Ocean}; international radio communication service)
(communications_radio_broadcast_stations#papua_new_guinea#AM 31, FM 2, shortwave 0)
(communications_radios#papua_new_guinea#298,000 {1992 est.})
(communications_television_broadcast_stations#papua_new_guinea#2 {1987 est.})
(communications_televisions#papua_new_guinea#10,000 {1992 est.})
(defense_branches#papua_new_guinea#Papua New Guinea Defense Force {includes Army, Navy, Air Force, and Special Operations Unit})
(defense_manpower_availability_males_age_15-49#papua_new_guinea#1,143,015)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_fit_for_military_service#papua_new_guinea#635,923 {1996 est.})
(defense_defense_expenditures#papua_new_guinea#exchange rate conversion - $40 million, 0.9% of GDP {1995})
(geography_location#paracel_islands#Southeastern Asia, group of small islands and reefs in the South China Sea, about one-third of the way from central Vietnam to the northern Philippines)
(geography_geographic_coordinates#paracel_islands#16 30 N, 112 00 E)
(geography_map_references#paracel_islands#Southeast Asia)
(geography_area_total_area#paracel_islands#NA sq km)
(geography_area_land_area#paracel_islands#NA sq km)
(geography_area_comparative_area#paracel_islands#NA)
(geography_land_boundaries#paracel_islands#0 km)
(geography_coastline#paracel_islands#518 km)
(geography_maritime_claims#paracel_islands#NA)
(geography_international_disputes#paracel_islands#occupied by China, but claimed by Taiwan and Vietnam)
(geography_climate#paracel_islands#tropical)
(geography_terrain#paracel_islands#NA)
(geography_terrain_lowest_point#paracel_islands#South China Sea 0 m)
(geography_terrain_highest_point#paracel_islands#unnamed location on Rocky Island 14 m)
(geography_natural_resources#paracel_islands#none)
(geography_land_use_arable_land#paracel_islands#0%)
(geography_land_use_permanent_crops#paracel_islands#0%)
(geography_land_use_meadows_and_pastures#paracel_islands#0%)
(geography_land_use_forest_and_woodland#paracel_islands#0%)
(geography_land_use_other#paracel_islands#100%)
(geography_irrigated_land#paracel_islands#0 sq km)
(geography_environment_current_issues#paracel_islands#NA)
(geography_environment_natural_hazards#paracel_islands#typhoons)
(geography_environment_international_agreements#paracel_islands#NA)
(people_population#paracel_islands#no indigenous inhabitants; note - there are scattered Chinese garrisons)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_long_form#paracel_islands#none)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_short_form#paracel_islands#Paracel Islands)
(government_data_code#paracel_islands#PF)
(economy_economic_overview#paracel_islands#no economic activity)
(transportation_ports#paracel_islands#small Chinese port facilities on Woody Island and Duncan Island being expanded)
(transportation_airports_total#paracel_islands#1)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_1,524_to_2,437_m#paracel_islands#1 {on Woody Island} {1995 est.})
(communications_telephone_system_domestic#paracel_islands#NA)
(communications_telephone_system_international#paracel_islands#NA)
(communications_radio_broadcast_stations#paracel_islands#AM NA, FM NA, shortwave NA)
(communications_radios#paracel_islands#NA)
(communications_television_broadcast_stations#paracel_islands#NA)
(communications_televisions#paracel_islands#NA)
(defense_defense_note#paracel_islands#occupied by China)
(geography_location#paraguay#Central South America, northeast of Argentina)
(geography_geographic_coordinates#paraguay#23 00 S, 58 00 W)
(geography_map_references#paraguay#South America)
(geography_area_total_area#paraguay#406,750 sq km)
(geography_area_land_area#paraguay#397,300 sq km)
(geography_area_comparative_area#paraguay#slightly smaller than California)
(geography_land_boundaries_total#paraguay#3,920 km)
(geography_land_boundaries_border_countries#paraguay#Argentina 1,880 km, Bolivia 750 km, Brazil 1,290 km)
(geography_coastline#paraguay#0 km {landlocked})
(geography_maritime_claims#paraguay#none {landlocked})
(geography_international_disputes#paraguay#short section of the boundary with Brazil, just west of Salto del Guaira {Guaira Falls} on the Rio Parana, has not been determined)
(geography_climate#paraguay#subtropical; substantial rainfall in the eastern portions, becoming semiarid in the far west)
(geography_terrain#paraguay#grassy plains and wooded hills east of Rio Paraguay; Gran Chaco region west of Rio Paraguay mostly low, marshy plain near the river, and dry forest and thorny scrub elsewhere)
(geography_terrain_lowest_point#paraguay#junction of Rio Paraguay and Rio Parana 46 m)
(geography_terrain_highest_point#paraguay#Cerro San Rafael 850 m)
(geography_natural_resources#paraguay#hydropower, timber, iron ore, manganese, limestone)
(geography_land_use_arable_land#paraguay#20%)
(geography_land_use_permanent_crops#paraguay#1%)
(geography_land_use_meadows_and_pastures#paraguay#39%)
(geography_land_use_forest_and_woodland#paraguay#35%)
(geography_land_use_other#paraguay#5%)
(geography_irrigated_land#paraguay#670 sq km {1989 est.})
(geography_environment_current_issues#paraguay#deforestation {an estimated 2 million hectares of forest land have been lost from 1958-85}; water pollution; inadequate means for waste disposal present health risks for many urban residents)
(geography_environment_natural_hazards#paraguay#local flooding in southeast {early September to June}; poorly drained plains may become boggy {early October to June})
(geography_environment_international_agreements#paraguay#party to - Biodiversity, Climate Change, Endangered Species, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection; signed, but not ratified - Desertification, Hazardous Wastes, Nuclear Test Ban, Wetlands)
(geography_geographic_note#paraguay#landlocked; lies between Argentina, Bolivia, and Brazil)
(people_population#paraguay#5,504,146 {July 1996 est.})
(people_age_structure_0-14_years#paraguay#41% {male 1,144,644; female 1,096,430})
(people_age_structure_15-64_years#paraguay#55% {male 1,518,661; female 1,513,577})
(people_age_structure_65_years_and_over#paraguay#4% {male 106,121; female 124,713} {July 1996 est.})
(people_population_growth_rate#paraguay#2.67% {1996 est.})
(people_birth_rate#paraguay#30.97 births/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_death_rate#paraguay#4.31 deaths/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_net_migration_rate#paraguay#0 migrant{s}/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_sex_ratio_at_birth#paraguay#1.05 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_under_15_years#paraguay#1.04 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_15-64_years#paraguay#1 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_65_years_and_over#paraguay#0.85 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_all_ages#paraguay#1.01 male{s}/female {1996 est.})
(people_infant_mortality_rate#paraguay#23.2 deaths/1,000 live births {1996 est.})
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_total_population#paraguay#73.84 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_male#paraguay#72.33 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_female#paraguay#75.43 years {1996 est.})
(people_total_fertility_rate#paraguay#4.15 children born/woman {1996 est.})
(people_nationality_noun#paraguay#Paraguayan{s})
(people_nationality_adjective#paraguay#Paraguayan)
(people_ethnic_divisions#paraguay#mestizo {mixed Spanish and Indian} 95%, whites plus Amerindians 5%)
(people_religions#paraguay#Roman Catholic 90%, Mennonite and other Protestant denominations)
(people_languages#paraguay#Spanish {official}, Guarani)
(people_literacy#paraguay#age 15 and over can read and write {1995 est.})
(people_literacy_total_population#paraguay#92.1%)
(people_literacy_male#paraguay#93.5%)
(people_literacy_female#paraguay#90.6%)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_long_form#paraguay#Republic of Paraguay)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_short_form#paraguay#Paraguay)
(government_name_of_country_local_long_form#paraguay#Republica del Paraguay)
(government_name_of_country_local_short_form#paraguay#Paraguay)
(government_data_code#paraguay#PA)
(government_type_of_government#paraguay#republic)
(government_capital#paraguay#Asuncion)
(government_administrative_divisions#paraguay#17 departments {departamentos, singular - departamento}; Alto Paraguay, Alto Parana, Amambay, Boqueron, Caaguazu, Caazapa, Canindeyu, Central, Concepcion, Cordillera, Guaira, Itapua, Misiones, Neembucu, Paraguari, Presidente Hayes, San Pedro)
(government_independence#paraguay#14 May 1811 {from Spain})
(government_national_holiday#paraguay#Independence Days, 14-15 May {1811})
(government_constitution#paraguay#promulgated 20 June 1992)
(government_legal_system#paraguay#based on Argentine codes, Roman law, and French codes; judicial review of legislative acts in Supreme Court of Justice; does not accept compulsory ICJ jurisdiction)
(government_suffrage#paraguay#18 years of age; universal and compulsory up to age 60)
(government_executive_branch_chief_of_state_and_head_of_government#paraguay#President Juan Carlos WASMOSY {since 15 August 1993} and Vice President Roberto Angel SEIFART {since 15 August 1993} were elected for five-year terms by popular vote; election last held 9 May 1993 {next to be held NA May 1998}; results - Juan Carlos WASMOSY 40.09%, Domingo LAINO 32.06%, Guillermo CABALLERO VARGAS 23.04%)
(government_executive_branch_cabinet#paraguay#Council of Ministers was nominated by the president)
(government_legislative_branch#paraguay#bicameral Congress {Congreso})
(government_chamber_of_senators_{camara_de_senadores}#paraguay#elections last held 9 May 1993 {next to be held NA May 1998}; results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - {45 total} Colorado Party 20, PLRA 17, EN 8)
(government_chamber_of_deputies_{camara_de_diputados}#paraguay#elections last held 9 May 1993 {next to be held by May 1998}; results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - {80 total} Colorado Party 38, PLRA 33, EN 9)
(government_judicial_branch#paraguay#Supreme Court of Justice {Corte Suprema de Justicia}, judges appointed on the proposal of the Counsel of Magistrates {Consejo de la Magistratura})
(government_political_parties_and_leaders#paraguay#Colorado Party, Luis Maria ARGANA, president; Authentic Radical Liberal Party {PLRA}, Domingo LAINO; National Encounter {EN}, Guillermo CABALLERO VARGAS; Christian Democratic Party {PDC}, Miguel MONTANER; Febrerista Revolutionary Party {PRF}, Euclides ACEVEDO; Popular Democratic Party {PDP}, Hugo RICHER)
(government_other_political_or_pressure_groups#paraguay#Confederation of Workers {CUT}; Roman Catholic Church)
(government_international_organization_participation#paraguay#AG {observer}, CCC, ECLAC, FAO, G-77, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ITU, LAES, LAIA, Mercosur, OAS, OPANAL, PCA, RG, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCL, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_chief_of_mission#paraguay#Ambassador Jorge PRIETO CONTI)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_chancery#paraguay#2400 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_telephone#paraguay#[1] {202} 483-6960 through 6962)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_fax#paraguay#[1] {202} 234-4508)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_consulate{s}_general#paraguay#Miami and New York)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_chief_of_mission#paraguay#Ambassador Robert E. SERVICE)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_embassy#paraguay#1776 Avenida Mariscal Lopez, Casilla Postal 402, Asuncion)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_mailing_address#paraguay#Unit 4711, APO AA 34036-0001)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_telephone#paraguay#[595] {21} 213-715)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_fax#paraguay#[595] {21} 213-728)
(government_flag#paraguay#three equal, horizontal bands of red {top}, white, and blue with an emblem centered in the white band; unusual flag in that the emblem is different on each side; the obverse {hoist side at the left} bears the national coat of arms {a yellow five-pointed star within a green wreath capped by the words REPUBLICA DEL PARAGUAY, all within two circles}; the reverse {hoist side at the right} bears the seal of the treasury {a yellow lion below a red Cap of Liberty and the words Paz y Justicia {Peace and Justice} capped by the words REPUBLICA DEL PARAGUAY, all within two circles})
(economy_economic_overview#paraguay#Paraguay has a market economy marked by a large informal sector. The formal economy is largely oriented toward services, but 45% of the population derive their living from agricultural activity, often on a subsistence basis. The economy has grown an average of 3% to 4% over the past five years. Population has increased at 3% a year over the same period leaving per capita income nearly stagnant. The informal sector is marked by both reexport of imported consumer goods {electronics, whiskeys, perfumes, cigarettes and office equipment} to neighboring countries as well as by the activities of thousands of microenterprises and urban street vendors. The Paraguayan Government has stated publicly that it will continue its economic reform agenda in close coordination with its Mercosur {Southern Cone Common Market} partners. In 1995, the government also promised to undertake efforts to formalize the financial sector, after a financial shock forced the bail-out of the second and third largest banks. Paraguay's continued integration into Mercosur also offers potential for growth; it is closely linked with the success of foreign investment promotion. Non-traditional exports, such as finished agricultural products, light manufactures, and small consumer items, are growing rapidly. Government reform efforts, including privatization, have continued, but with little success in 1995.)
(economy_gdp#paraguay#purchasing power parity - $17 billion {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_real_growth_rate#paraguay#4.2% {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_per_capita#paraguay#$3,200 {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_agriculture#paraguay#25.7%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_industry#paraguay#25.8%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_services#paraguay#48.5% {1994})
(economy_inflation_rate_{consumer_prices}#paraguay#10.5% {1995})
(economy_labor_force#paraguay#1.692 million {1993 est.})
(economy_labor_force_by_occupation#paraguay#agriculture 45%)
(economy_unemployment_rate#paraguay#12% {1995})
(economy_budget_revenues#paraguay#$1.25 billion {1995 est.})
(economy_budget_expenditures#paraguay#$1.66 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA {1995 est.})
(economy_industries#paraguay#meat packing, oilseed crushing, milling, brewing, textiles, other light consumer goods, cement, construction)
(economy_industrial_production_growth_rate#paraguay#1.3% {1995 est.})
(economy_electricity_capacity#paraguay#6,530,000 kW)
(economy_electricity_production#paraguay#26.5 billion kWh {1992})
(economy_electricity_consumption_per_capita#paraguay#NA)
(economy_electricity_note#paraguay#much of the electricity produced in Paraguay is exported to Brazil and domestic consumption cannot be determined)
(economy_agriculture#paraguay#cotton, sugarcane, soybeans, corn, wheat, tobacco, cassava {tapioca}, fruits, vegetables; beef, pork, eggs, milk; timber)
(economy_illicit_drugs#paraguay#illicit producer of cannabis for the international drug trade; transshipment point for Bolivian cocaine headed for Europe and the US)
(economy_exports#paraguay#$819.5 million {f.o.b., 1995})
(economy_exports_commodities#paraguay#cotton, soybeans, timber, vegetable oils, meat products, coffee, tung oil)
(economy_exports_partners#paraguay#EU 37%, Brazil 25%, Argentina 10%, Chile 6%, US 6%)
(economy_imports#paraguay#$2.871 billion {c.i.f., 1995})
(economy_imports_commodities#paraguay#capital goods, foodstuffs, consumer goods, raw materials, fuels)
(economy_imports_partners#paraguay#Brazil 30%, EU 20%, US 18%, Argentina 8%, Japan 7%)
(economy_external_debt#paraguay#$1.38 billion {yearend 1995})
(economy_economic_aid_recipient#paraguay#ODA, $38 million {1993})
(economy_currency#paraguay#1 guarani {G} = 100 centimos)
(economy_exchange_rates#paraguay#guaranies {G} per US$ - 2,003.8 {January 1996}, 1,970.4 {1995}, 1,911.5 {1994}, 1,744.3 {1993}, 1,500.3 {1992}, 1,325.2 {1991})
(economy_fiscal_year#paraguay#calendar year)
(transportation_railways_total#paraguay#971 km)
(transportation_railways_standard_gauge#paraguay#441 km 1.435-m gauge)
(transportation_railways_narrow_gauge#paraguay#60 km 1.000-m gauge)
(transportation_railways_other#paraguay#470 km various gauges {privately owned})
(transportation_highways_total#paraguay#21,834 km)
(transportation_highways_paved#paraguay#1,778 km)
(transportation_highways_unpaved#paraguay#20,056 km {1987 est.})
(transportation_waterways#paraguay#3,100 km)
(transportation_ports#paraguay#Asuncion, Villeta, San Antonio, Encarnacion)
(transportation_merchant_marine_total#paraguay#16 ships {1,000 GRT or over} totaling 21,323 GRT/23,907 DWT)
(transportation_merchant_marine_ships_by_type#paraguay#cargo 13, oil tanker 2, roll-on/roll-off 1 {1995 est.})
(transportation_airports_total#paraguay#739)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_over_3,047_m#paraguay#3)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_1,524_to_2,437_m#paraguay#2)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_914_to_1,523_m#paraguay#4)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_under_914_m#paraguay#438)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_over_3,047_m#paraguay#1)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_1,524_to_2,437_m#paraguay#25)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_914_to_1,523_m#paraguay#266 {1995 est.})
(communications_telephones#paraguay#88,730 {1985 est.})
(communications_telephone_system#paraguay#meager telephone service; principal switching center is Asuncion)
(communications_telephone_system_domestic#paraguay#fair microwave radio relay network)
(communications_telephone_system_international#paraguay#satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat {Atlantic Ocean})
(communications_radio_broadcast_stations#paraguay#AM 40, FM 0, shortwave 7)
(communications_radios#paraguay#775,000 {1992 est.})
(communications_television_broadcast_stations#paraguay#5)
(communications_televisions#paraguay#370,000 {1992 est.})
(defense_branches#paraguay#Army, Navy {includes Naval Air and Marines}, Air Force)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_age_15-49#paraguay#1,334,638)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_fit_for_military_service#paraguay#968,297)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_reach_military_age_{17}_annually#paraguay#58,398 {1996 est.})
(defense_defense_expenditures#paraguay#exchange rate conversion - $94 million, 0.6% of GDP {1994})
(geography_location#peru#Western South America, bordering the South Pacific Ocean, between Chile and Ecuador)
(geography_geographic_coordinates#peru#10 00 S, 76 00 W)
(geography_map_references#peru#South America)
(geography_area_total_area#peru#1,285,220 sq km)
(geography_area_land_area#peru#1.28 million sq km)
(geography_area_comparative_area#peru#slightly smaller than Alaska)
(geography_land_boundaries_total#peru#6,940 km)
(geography_land_boundaries_border_countries#peru#Bolivia 900 km, Brazil 1,560 km, Chile 160 km, Colombia 2,900 km, Ecuador 1,420 km)
(geography_coastline#peru#2,414 km)
(geography_maritime_claims_continental_shelf#peru#200 nm)
(geography_maritime_claims_territorial_sea#peru#200 nm)
(geography_international_disputes#peru#three sections of the boundary with Ecuador are in dispute)
(geography_climate#peru#varies from tropical in east to dry desert in west)
(geography_terrain#peru#western coastal plain {costa}, high and rugged Andes in center {sierra}, eastern lowland jungle of Amazon Basin {selva})
(geography_terrain_lowest_point#peru#Pacific Ocean 0 m)
(geography_terrain_highest_point#peru#Nevado Huascaran 6,768 m)
(geography_natural_resources#peru#copper, silver, gold, petroleum, timber, fish, iron ore, coal, phosphate, potash)
(geography_land_use_arable_land#peru#3%)
(geography_land_use_permanent_crops#peru#0%)
(geography_land_use_meadows_and_pastures#peru#21%)
(geography_land_use_forest_and_woodland#peru#55%)
(geography_land_use_other#peru#21%)
(geography_irrigated_land#peru#12,500 sq km {1989 est.})
(geography_environment_current_issues#peru#deforestation; overgrazing of the slopes of the costa and sierra leading to soil erosion; desertification; air pollution in Lima; pollution of rivers and coastal waters from municipal and mining wastes)
(geography_environment_natural_hazards#peru#earthquakes, tsunamis, flooding, landslides, mild volcanic activity)
(geography_environment_international_agreements#peru#party to - Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands)
(geography_geographic_note#peru#shares control of Lago Titicaca, world's highest navigable lake, with Bolivia)
(people_population#peru#24,523,408 {July 1996 est.})
(people_age_structure_0-14_years#peru#35% {male 4,360,379; female 4,214,970})
(people_age_structure_15-64_years#peru#61% {male 7,480,747; female 7,375,825})
(people_age_structure_65_years_and_over#peru#4% {male 497,775; female 593,712} {July 1996 est.})
(people_population_growth_rate#peru#1.74% {1996 est.})
(people_birth_rate#peru#24.33 births/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_death_rate#peru#6.13 deaths/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_net_migration_rate#peru#-0.76 migrant{s}/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_sex_ratio_at_birth#peru#1.05 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_under_15_years#peru#1.03 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_15-64_years#peru#1.01 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_65_years_and_over#peru#0.84 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_all_ages#peru#1.01 male{s}/female {1996 est.})
(people_infant_mortality_rate#peru#52.2 deaths/1,000 live births {1996 est.})
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_total_population#peru#69.13 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_male#peru#66.97 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_female#peru#71.39 years {1996 est.})
(people_total_fertility_rate#peru#3.04 children born/woman {1996 est.})
(people_nationality_noun#peru#Peruvian{s})
(people_nationality_adjective#peru#Peruvian)
(people_ethnic_divisions#peru#Indian 45%, mestizo {mixed Indian and European ancestry} 37%, white 15%, black, Japanese, Chinese, and other 3%)
(people_religions#peru#Roman Catholic)
(people_languages#peru#Spanish {official}, Quechua {official}, Aymara)
(people_literacy#peru#age 15 and over can read and write {1995 est.})
(people_literacy_total_population#peru#88.7%)
(people_literacy_male#peru#94.5%)
(people_literacy_female#peru#83%)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_long_form#peru#Republic of Peru)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_short_form#peru#Peru)
(government_name_of_country_local_long_form#peru#Republica del Peru)
(government_name_of_country_local_short_form#peru#Peru)
(government_data_code#peru#PE)
(government_type_of_government#peru#republic)
(government_capital#peru#Lima)
(government_administrative_divisions#peru#24 departments {departamentos, singular - departamento} and 1 constitutional province* {provincia constitucional}; Amazonas, Ancash, Apurimac, Arequipa, Ayacucho, Cajamarca, Callao*, Cusco, Huancavelica, Huanuco, Ica, Junin, La Libertad, Lambayeque, Lima, Loreto, Madre de Dios, Moquegua, Pasco, Piura, Puno, San Martin, Tacna, Tumbes, Ucayali)
(government_administrative_divisions_note#peru#the 1979 constitution mandated the creation of regions {regiones, singular - region} to function eventually as autonomous economic and administrative entities; so far, 12 regions have been constituted from 23 of the 24 departments - Amazonas {from Loreto}, Andres Avelino Caceres {from Huanuco, Pasco, Junin}, Arequipa {from Arequipa}, Chavin {from Ancash}, Grau {from Tumbes, Piura}, Inca {from Cusco, Madre de Dios, Apurimac}, La Libertad {from La Libertad}, Los Libertadores-Huari {from Ica, Ayacucho, Huancavelica}, Mariategui {from Moquegua, Tacna, Puno}, Nor Oriental del Maranon {from Lambayeque, Cajamarca, Amazonas}, San Martin {from San Martin}, Ucayali {from Ucayali}; formation of another region has been delayed by the reluctance of the constitutional province of Callao to merge with the department of Lima; because of inadequate funding from the central government and organizational and political difficulties, the regions have yet to assume major responsibilities; the 1993 constitution retains the regions but limits their authority; the 1993 constitution also reaffirms the roles of departmental and municipal governments)
(government_independence#peru#28 July 1821 {from Spain})
(government_national_holiday#peru#Independence Day, 28 July {1821})
(government_constitution#peru#31 December 1993)
(government_legal_system#peru#based on civil law system; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction)
(government_suffrage#peru#18 years of age; universal)
(government_executive_branch_chief_of_state_and_head_of_government#peru#President Alberto Kenyo FUJIMORI Fujimori {since 28 July 1990} was elected for a five-year term by universal suffrage; election last held 9 April 1995 {next to be held NA 2000}; results - Alberto FUJIMORI 64.42%, Javier PEREZ de CUELLAR 21.80%, Mercedes CABANILLAS 4.11%, other 9.67%)
(government_executive_branch_cabinet#peru#Council of Ministers was appointed by the president)
(government_executive_branch_note#peru#Prime Minister Alberto PANDOLFI Arbulu {since 3 April 1996} does not exercise executive power; this power is in the hands of the president)
(government_legislative_branch#peru#unicameral)
(government_congress#peru#elections last held 9 April 1995 {next to be held NA April 2000}; results - C90/NM 52.1%, UPP 14%, 11 other parties 33.9%; seats - {120 total, when installed on 28 July 1995} C90/NM 67, UPP 17, APRA 8, FIM 6, {CODE}-Pais Posible 5, AP 4, PPC 3, Renovacion 3, IU 2, OBRAS 2, MIA 1, FRENATRACA 1, FREPAP 1)
(government_judicial_branch#peru#Supreme Court of Justice {Corte Suprema de Justicia}, judges are appointed by the National Council of the Judiciary)
(government_political_parties_and_leaders#peru#Change 90-New Majority {C90/NM}, Alberto FUJIMORI; Union for Peru {UPP}, Javier PEREZ de CUELLAR; American Popular Revolutionary Alliance {APRA}, Agustin MANTILLA Campos; Independent Moralizing Front {FIM}, Fernando OLIVERA Vega; Democratic Coordinator {CODE} - Pais Posible, Jose BARBA Caballero and Alejandro TOLEDO; Popular Action Party {AP}, Raul DIEZ CANSECO; Popular Christian Party {PPC}, Luis BEDOYA Reyes; Renovacion, Rafael REY Rey; Civic Works Movement {OBRAS}, Ricardo BELMONT; United Left {IU}, Agustin HAYA de la TORRE; Independent Agrarian Movement {MIA}, Rolando SALVATERRIE; Peru 2000-National Front of Workers and Peasants {FRENATRACA}, Roger CACARES; Popular Agricultural Front {FREPAP}, Ezequiel ATAUCUSI)
(government_other_political_or_pressure_groups#peru#leftist guerrilla groups include Shining Path, Abimael GUZMAN Reynoso {imprisoned}; Tupac Amaru Revolutionary Movement, Nestor SERPA and Victor POLAY {imprisoned})
(government_international_organization_participation#peru#AG, CCC, ECLAC, FAO, G-11, G-15, G-19, G-24, G-77, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO {correspondent}, ITU, LAES, LAIA, NAM, OAS, OPANAL, PCA, RG, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_chief_of_mission#peru#Ambassador Ricardo V. LUNA MENDOZA)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_chancery#peru#1700 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20036)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_telephone#peru#[1] {202} 833-9860 through 9869)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_fax#peru#[1] {202} 659-8124)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_consulate{s}_general#peru#Chicago, Houston, Los Angeles, Miami, New York, Paterson {New Jersey}, and San Francisco)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_chief_of_mission#peru#Ambassador Alvin P. ADAMS, Jr.)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_embassy#peru#Avenida Encalada, Cuadra 17, Monterrico, Lima)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_mailing_address#peru#P. O. Box 1995, Lima 1; American Embassy {Lima}, APO AA 34031)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_telephone#peru#[51] {12} 21-1202)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_fax#peru#[51] {12} 21-3543)
(government_flag#peru#three equal, vertical bands of red {hoist side}, white, and red with the coat of arms centered in the white band; the coat of arms features a shield bearing a llama, cinchona tree {the source of quinine}, and a yellow cornucopia spilling out gold coins, all framed by a green wreath)
(economy_economic_overview#peru#The Peruvian economy has become increasingly market-oriented, with major privatizations completed since 1990 in the mining, electricity, and telecommunications industries. In the 1980s, the economy suffered from hyperinflation, declining per capita output, and mounting external debt. Peru was shut off from IMF and World Bank support in the mid-1980s because of its huge debt arrears. An austerity program implemented shortly after the FUJIMORI government took office in July 1990 contributed to a third consecutive yearly contraction of economic activity, but the slide came to a halt late that year, and in 1991 output rose 2.4%. After a burst of inflation as the austerity program eliminated government price subsidies, monthly price increases eased to the single-digit level and by December 1991 dropped to the lowest increase since mid-1987. Lima obtained a financial rescue package from multilateral lenders in September 1991, although it faced $14 billion in arrears on its external debt. By working with the IMF and World Bank on new financial conditions and arrangements, the government succeeded in ending its arrears by March 1993. In 1992, GDP fell by 2.8%, in part because a warmer-than-usual El Nino current resulted in a 30% drop in the fish catch, but the economy rebounded as strong foreign investment helped push growth to 6% in 1993, about 13% in 1994, and 6.8% in 1995.)
(economy_gdp#peru#purchasing power parity - $87 billion {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_real_growth_rate#peru#6.8% {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_per_capita#peru#$3,600 {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_agriculture#peru#NA%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_industry#peru#NA%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_services#peru#NA%)
(economy_inflation_rate_{consumer_prices}#peru#10.2% {1995 est.})
(economy_labor_force#peru#8 million {1992})
(economy_labor_force_by_occupation#peru#agriculture, mining and quarrying, manufacturing, construction, transport, services)
(economy_unemployment_rate#peru#15%; extensive underemployment {1992 est.})
(economy_budget_revenues#peru#$8.5 billion)
(economy_budget_expenditures#peru#$9.3 billion including capital expenditures of $NA {1996 est.})
(economy_industries#peru#mining of metals, petroleum, fishing, textiles, clothing, food processing, cement, auto assembly, steel, shipbuilding, metal fabrication)
(economy_industrial_production_growth_rate#peru#NA%)
(economy_electricity_capacity#peru#4,190,000 kW)
(economy_electricity_production#peru#11.2 billion kWh)
(economy_electricity_consumption_per_capita#peru#448 kWh {1993})
(economy_agriculture#peru#coffee, cotton, sugarcane, rice, wheat, potatoes, plantains, coca; poultry, red meats, dairy products, wool; fish catch of 6.9 million metric tons {1990})
(economy_illicit_drugs#peru#world's largest coca leaf producer with about 115,300 hectares under cultivation in 1995; source of supply for most of the world's coca paste and cocaine base; at least 85% of coca cultivation is for illicit production; most of cocaine base is shipped to Colombian drug dealers for processing into cocaine for the international drug market, but exports of finished cocaine are increasing)
(economy_exports#peru#$5.6 billion {f.o.b., 1995 est.})
(economy_exports_commodities#peru#copper, zinc, fishmeal, crude petroleum and byproducts, lead, refined silver, coffee, cotton)
(economy_exports_partners#peru#US 19%, Japan 9%, Italy, Germany)
(economy_imports#peru#$7.4 billion {f.o.b., 1995 est.})
(economy_imports_commodities#peru#machinery, transport equipment, foodstuffs, petroleum, iron and steel, chemicals, pharmaceuticals)
(economy_imports_partners#peru#US 21%, Colombia, Argentina, Japan, Germany, Brazil)
(economy_external_debt#peru#$22.4 billion {1994 est.})
(economy_economic_aid_recipient#peru#ODA, $363 million {1993})
(economy_currency#peru#1 nuevo sol {S/.} = 100 centimos)
(economy_exchange_rates#peru#nuevo sol {S/.} per US$1 - 2.350 {January 1996}, 2.253 {1995}, 2.195 {1994}, 1.988 {1993}, 1.246 {1992}, 0.773 {1991})
(economy_fiscal_year#peru#calendar year)
(transportation_railways_total#peru#2,041 km)
(transportation_railways_standard_gauge#peru#1,726 km 1.435-m gauge)
(transportation_railways_narrow_gauge#peru#315 km 0.914-m gauge {1994})
(transportation_highways_total#peru#69,942 km)
(transportation_highways_paved#peru#13,538 km)
(transportation_highways_unpaved#peru#56,404 km {1987 est.})
(transportation_waterways#peru#8,600 km of navigable tributaries of Amazon system and 208 km of Lago Titicaca)
(transportation_pipelines#peru#crude oil 800 km; natural gas and natural gas liquids 64 km)
(transportation_ports#peru#Callao, Chimbote, Ilo, Matarani, Paita, Puerto Maldonado, Salaverry, San Martin, Talara, Iquitos, Pucallpa, Yurimaguas)
(transportation_ports_note#peru#Iquitos, Pucallpa, and Yurimaguas are all on the upper reaches of the Amazon and its tributaries)
(transportation_merchant_marine_total#peru#9 ships {1,000 GRT or over} totaling 77,584 GRT/144,030 DWT)
(transportation_merchant_marine_ships_by_type#peru#bulk 2, cargo 7 {1995 est.})
(transportation_airports_total#peru#230)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_over_3,047_m#peru#5)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_2,438_to_3,047_m#peru#15)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_1,524_to_2,437_m#peru#12)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_914_to_1,523_m#peru#6)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_under_914_m#peru#96)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_over_3,047_m#peru#1)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_2,438_to_3,047_m#peru#2)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_1,524_to_2,437_m#peru#22)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_914_to_1,523_m#peru#71 {1995 est.})
(communications_telephones#peru#779,306 {1990 est.})
(communications_telephone_system#peru#adequate for most requirements)
(communications_telephone_system_domestic#peru#nationwide microwave radio relay system and a domestic satellite system with 12 earth stations)
(communications_telephone_system_international#peru#satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat {Atlantic Ocean})
(communications_radio_broadcast_stations#peru#AM 273, FM 0, shortwave 144)
(communications_radios#peru#5.7 million {1992 est.})
(communications_television_broadcast_stations#peru#140)
(communications_televisions#peru#2 million {1993 est.})
(defense_branches#peru#Army {Ejercito Peruano}, Navy {Marina de Guerra del Peru; includes Naval Air, Marines, and Coast Guard}, Air Force {Fuerza Aerea del Peru}, National Police)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_age_15-49#peru#6,441,513)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_fit_for_military_service#peru#4,347,460)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_reach_military_age_{20}_annually#peru#255,067 {1996 est.})
(defense_defense_expenditures#peru#exchange rate conversion - $998 million, 1.6% of GDP {1996})
(geography_location#philippines#Southeastern Asia, archipelago between the Philippine Sea and the South China Sea, east of Vietnam)
(geography_geographic_coordinates#philippines#13 00 N, 122 00 E)
(geography_map_references#philippines#Southeast Asia)
(geography_area_total_area#philippines#300,000 sq km)
(geography_area_land_area#philippines#298,170 sq km)
(geography_area_comparative_area#philippines#slightly larger than Arizona)
(geography_land_boundaries#philippines#0 km)
(geography_coastline#philippines#36,289 km)
(geography_maritime_claims#philippines#measured from claimed archipelagic baselines)
(geography_maritime_claims_continental_shelf#philippines#to depth of exploitation)
(geography_maritime_claims_exclusive_economic_zone#philippines#200 nm)
(geography_maritime_claims_territorial_sea#philippines#irregular polygon extending up to 100 nm from coastline as defined by 1898 treaty; since late 1970s has also claimed polygonal-shaped area in South China Sea up to 285 nm in breadth)
(geography_international_disputes#philippines#involved in a complex dispute over the Spratly Islands with China, Malaysia, Taiwan, Vietnam, and possibly Brunei; claims Malaysian state of Sabah)
(geography_climate#philippines#tropical marine; northeast monsoon {November to April}; southwest monsoon {May to October})
(geography_terrain#philippines#mostly mountains with narrow to extensive coastal lowlands)
(geography_terrain_lowest_point#philippines#Philippine Sea 0 m)
(geography_terrain_highest_point#philippines#Mount Apo 2,954 m)
(geography_natural_resources#philippines#timber, petroleum, nickel, cobalt, silver, gold, salt, copper)
(geography_land_use_arable_land#philippines#26%)
(geography_land_use_permanent_crops#philippines#11%)
(geography_land_use_meadows_and_pastures#philippines#4%)
(geography_land_use_forest_and_woodland#philippines#40%)
(geography_land_use_other#philippines#19%)
(geography_irrigated_land#philippines#16,200 sq km {1989 est.})
(geography_environment_current_issues#philippines#uncontrolled deforestation in watershed areas; soil erosion; air and water pollution in Manila; increasing pollution of coastal mangrove swamps which are important fish breeding grounds)
(geography_environment_natural_hazards#philippines#astride typhoon belt, usually affected by 15 and struck by five to six cyclonic storms per year; landslides, active volcanoes, destructive earthquakes, tsunamis)
(geography_environment_international_agreements#philippines#party to - Biodiversity, Climate Change, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Tropical Timber 83, Wetlands; signed, but not ratified - Desertification, Tropical Timber 94)
(people_population#philippines#74,480,848 {July 1996 est.})
(people_age_structure_0-14_years#philippines#38% {male 14,486,214; female 14,026,873})
(people_age_structure_15-64_years#philippines#58% {male 21,403,784; female 21,968,259})
(people_age_structure_65_years_and_over#philippines#4% {male 1,165,810; female 1,429,908} {July 1996 est.})
(people_population_growth_rate#philippines#2.18% {1996 est.})
(people_birth_rate#philippines#29.51 births/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_death_rate#philippines#6.66 deaths/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_net_migration_rate#philippines#-1.06 migrant{s}/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_sex_ratio_at_birth#philippines#1.05 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_under_15_years#philippines#1.03 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_15-64_years#philippines#0.97 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_65_years_and_over#philippines#0.82 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_all_ages#philippines#0.99 male{s}/female {1996 est.})
(people_infant_mortality_rate#philippines#35.9 deaths/1,000 live births {1996 est.})
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_total_population#philippines#65.91 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_male#philippines#63.14 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_female#philippines#68.83 years {1996 est.})
(people_total_fertility_rate#philippines#3.69 children born/woman {1996 est.})
(people_nationality_noun#philippines#Filipino{s})
(people_nationality_adjective#philippines#Philippine)
(people_ethnic_divisions#philippines#Christian Malay 91.5%, Muslim Malay 4%, Chinese 1.5%, other 3%)
(people_religions#philippines#Roman Catholic 83%, Protestant 9%, Muslim 5%, Buddhist and other 3%)
(people_languages#philippines#Pilipino {official, based on Tagalog}, English {official})
(people_literacy#philippines#age 15 and over can read and write {1995 est.})
(people_literacy_total_population#philippines#94.6%)
(people_literacy_male#philippines#95%)
(people_literacy_female#philippines#94.3%)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_long_form#philippines#Republic of the Philippines)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_short_form#philippines#Philippines)
(government_name_of_country_local_long_form#philippines#Republika ng Pilipinas)
(government_name_of_country_local_short_form#philippines#Pilipinas)
(government_data_code#philippines#RP)
(government_type_of_government#philippines#republic)
(government_capital#philippines#Manila)
(government_administrative_divisions#philippines#72 provinces and 61 chartered cities*; Abra, Agusan del Norte, Agusan del Sur, Aklan, Albay, Angeles*, Antique, Aurora, Bacolod*, Bago*, Baguio*, Bais*, Basilan, Basilan City*, Bataan, Batanes, Batangas, Batangas City*, Benguet, Bohol, Bukidnon, Bulacan, Butuan*, Cabanatuan*, Cadiz*, Cagayan, Cagayan de Oro*, Calbayog*, Caloocan*, Camarines Norte, Camarines Sur, Camiguin, Canlaon*, Capiz, Catanduanes, Cavite, Cavite City*, Cebu, Cebu City*, Cotabato*, Dagupan*, Danao*, Dapitan*, Davao City* Davao, Davao del Sur, Davao Oriental, Dipolog*, Dumaguete*, Eastern Samar, General Santos*, Gingoog*, Ifugao, Iligan*, Ilocos Norte, Ilocos Sur, Iloilo, Iloilo City*, Iriga*, Isabela, Kalinga-Apayao, La Carlota*, Laguna, Lanao del Norte, Lanao del Sur, Laoag*, Lapu-Lapu*, La Union, Legaspi*, Leyte, Lipa*, Lucena*, Maguindanao, Mandaue*, Manila*, Marawi*, Marinduque, Masbate, Mindoro Occidental, Mindoro Oriental, Misamis Occidental, Misamis Oriental, Mountain, Naga*, Negros Occidental, Negros Oriental, North Cotabato, Northern Samar, Nueva Ecija, Nueva Vizcaya, Olongapo*, Ormoc*, Oroquieta*, Ozamis*, Pagadian*, Palawan, Palayan*, Pampanga, Pangasinan, Pasay*, Puerto Princesa*, Quezon, Quezon City*, Quirino, Rizal, Romblon, Roxas*, Samar, San Carlos* {in Negros Occidental}, San Carlos* {in Pangasinan}, San Jose*, San Pablo*, Silay*, Siquijor, Sorsogon, South Cotabato, Southern Leyte, Sultan Kudarat, Sulu, Surigao*, Surigao del Norte, Surigao del Sur, Tacloban*, Tagaytay*, Tagbilaran*, Tangub*, Tarlac, Tawitawi, Toledo*, Trece Martires*, Zambales, Zamboanga*, Zamboanga del Norte, Zamboanga del Sur)
(government_independence#philippines#4 July 1946 {from US})
(government_national_holiday#philippines#Independence Day, 12 June {1898} {from Spain})
(government_constitution#philippines#2 February 1987, effective 11 February 1987)
(government_legal_system#philippines#based on Spanish and Anglo-American law; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations)
(government_suffrage#philippines#18 years of age; universal)
(government_executive_branch_chief_of_state_and_head_of_government#philippines#President Fidel Valdes RAMOS {since 30 June 1992} and Vice President Joseph Ejercito ESTRADA {since 30 June 1992} were elected for six-year terms by popular vote; election last held 11 May 1992 {next to be held NA May 1998}; results - Fidel Valdes RAMOS won 23.6% of the vote, a narrow plurality)
(government_executive_branch_cabinet#philippines#Executive Secretary was appointed by the president with the consent of the Commission of Appointments)
(government_legislative_branch#philippines#bicameral Congress {Kongreso})
(government_senate_{senado}#philippines#elections last held 8 May 1995 {next to be held NA 1998}; results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - {24 total} LDP 14, Lakas/NUCD 5, NPC 2, LP 1, PRP 1, independent 1)
(government_house_of_representatives_{kapulungan_ng_mga_kinatawan}#philippines#elections last held 8 May 1995 {next to be held NA 1998}; results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - {204 total} Lakas/NUCD 129, LDP 29, NPC {opposition} 25, LP 6, PDP 3, KBL/NPC 1, results pending 11)
(government_judicial_branch#philippines#Supreme Court, justices are appointed for four-year terms by the president on recommendation of the Judicial and Bar Council)
(government_political_parties_and_leaders#philippines#Democratic Filipino Struggle {Laban ng Demokratikong Pilipino, LDP}, Edgardo ANGARA; People Power-National Union of Christian Democrats {Lakas ng EDSA-NUCD or Lakas-NUCD}; Raul MANGLAPUS, president and Jose DE VENECIA, secretary general; Liberal Party {LP}, Raul DAZA; National People's Coalition {NPC}, Eduardo COJUANGCO; People's Reform Party {PRP}, Miriam DEFENSOR-SANTIAGO; New Society Movement {Kilusan Bagong Lipunan, KBL}, Imelda MARCOS; Nacionalista Party {NP}, Salvador H. LAUREL, president; Filipino Democratic Party {Partido Demokratikong Philipinas or PDP}, Jose COJUANGCO, is part of the ruling coalition with the LDP)
(government_international_organization_participation#philippines#APEC, AsDB, ASEAN, CCC, CP, ESCAP, FAO, G-24, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Inmarsat, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, Mekong Group, NAM, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNMIH, UNU, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTrO)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_chief_of_mission#philippines#Ambassador Raul Chaves RABE)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_chancery#philippines#1600 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20036)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_telephone#philippines#[1] {202} 467-9300)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_fax#philippines#[1] {202} 328-7614)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_consulate{s}_general#philippines#Agana {Guam}, Chicago, Honolulu, Los Angeles, New York, San Francisco, and Seattle)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_consulate{s}#philippines#San Diego and San Jose {Saipan})
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_chief_of_mission#philippines#Ambassador-designate Thomas C. HUBBARD)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_embassy#philippines#1201 Roxas Boulevard, Ermita Manila 1000)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_mailing_address#philippines#APO AP 96440)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_telephone#philippines#[63] {2} 521-71-16)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_fax#philippines#[63] {2} 522-43-61)
(government_flag#philippines#two equal horizontal bands of blue {top} and red with a white equilateral triangle based on the hoist side; in the center of the triangle is a yellow sun with eight primary rays {each containing three individual rays} and in each corner of the triangle is a small yellow five-pointed star)
(economy_economic_overview#philippines#The Philippine economy, primarily a mixture of agriculture and light industry, continued its third year of recovery in 1995, led by growth in exports and investments. Officials have targeted 5%-6% growth for 1996 after achieving 4.8% growth in 1995. The government is continuing its economic reforms to enable the Philippines to move closer to the development of the newly industrialized countries of East Asia. The strategy includes improving infrastructure and plans to overhaul the tax system to bolster government revenues.)
(economy_gdp#philippines#purchasing power parity - $179.7 billion {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_real_growth_rate#philippines#4.8% {1995})
(economy_gdp_per_capita#philippines#$2,530 {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_agriculture#philippines#22%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_industry#philippines#30%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_services#philippines#48%)
(economy_inflation_rate_{consumer_prices}#philippines#8.1% {1995})
(economy_labor_force#philippines#24.12 million)
(economy_labor_force_by_occupation#philippines#agriculture 46%, industry and commerce 16%, services 18.5%, government 10%, other 9.5% {1989})
(economy_unemployment_rate#philippines#9.5% {1995 est.})
(economy_budget_revenues#philippines#$14.1 billion)
(economy_budget_expenditures#philippines#$13.6 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA {1995})
(economy_industries#philippines#textiles, pharmaceuticals, chemicals, wood products, food processing, electronics assembly, petroleum refining, fishing)
(economy_industrial_production_growth_rate#philippines#1.4% {1993})
(economy_electricity_capacity#philippines#6,770,000 kW)
(economy_electricity_production#philippines#20.4 billion kWh)
(economy_electricity_consumption_per_capita#philippines#278 kWh {1993})
(economy_agriculture#philippines#rice, coconuts, corn, sugarcane, bananas, pineapples, mangoes; pork, eggs, beef; fish catch of 2 million metric tons annually)
(economy_illicit_drugs#philippines#illicit producer of cannabis for the international drug trade; growers are producing more and better quality cannabis despite government eradication efforts; transit point for Southwest Asian and Golden Triangle heroin bound for the US)
(economy_exports#philippines#$17.4 billion {f.o.b., 1995})
(economy_exports_commodities#philippines#electronics, textiles, coconut products, copper, fish)
(economy_exports_partners#philippines#US 39%, Japan 15%, Germany 5%, Hong Kong 5%, UK 5% {1994})
(economy_imports#philippines#$26.5 billion {f.o.b., 1995})
(economy_imports_commodities#philippines#raw materials 40%, capital goods 25%, petroleum products 10%)
(economy_imports_partners#philippines#Japan 24%, US 18%, Singapore 7%, Taiwan 6%, South Korea 5% {1994})
(economy_external_debt#philippines#$41 billion {1995 est.})
(economy_economic_aid_recipient#philippines#ODA, $934 million {1993})
(economy_currency#philippines#1 Philippine peso {P} = 100 centavos)
(economy_exchange_rates#philippines#Philippine pesos {P} per US$1 - 26.206 {December 1995}, 25.714 {1995}, 26.417 {1994}, 27.120 {1993}, 25.512 {1992}, 27.479 {1991})
(economy_fiscal_year#philippines#calendar year)
(transportation_railways_total#philippines#499 km)
(transportation_railways_narrow_gauge#philippines#499 km 1.067-m gauge {1993})
(transportation_highways_total#philippines#160,633 km)
(transportation_highways_paved#philippines#22,489 km)
(transportation_highways_unpaved#philippines#138,144 km {1992 est.})
(transportation_waterways#philippines#3,219 km; limited to shallow-draft {less than 1.5 m} vessels)
(transportation_pipelines#philippines#petroleum products 357 km)
(transportation_ports#philippines#Batangas, Cagayan de Oro, Cebu, Davao, Guimaras Island, Iligan, Iloilo, Jolo, Legaspi, Manila, Masao, Puerto Princesa, San Fernando, Subic Bay, Zamboanga)
(transportation_merchant_marine_total#philippines#535 ships {1,000 GRT or over} totaling 8,033,849 GRT/13,101,188 DWT)
(transportation_merchant_marine_ships_by_type#philippines#bulk 230, cargo 126, chemical tanker 3, combination bulk 11, container 12, liquefied gas tanker 9, livestock carrier 12, oil tanker 44, passenger 2, passenger-cargo 12, refrigerated cargo 19, roll-on/roll-off cargo 12, short-sea passenger 18, vehicle carrier 25)
(transportation_merchant_marine_note#philippines#a flag of convenience registry; Japan owns 22 ships, Hong Kong 4, Switzerland 1, Taiwan 1, Denmark 1, and UK 1 {1995 est.})
(transportation_airports_total#philippines#235)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_over_3,047_m#philippines#2)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_2,438_to_3,047_m#philippines#7)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_1,524_to_2,437_m#philippines#25)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_914_to_1,523_m#philippines#31)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_under_914_m#philippines#104)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_1,524_to_2,437_m#philippines#3)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_914_to_1,523_m#philippines#63 {1995 est.})
(communications_telephones#philippines#887,229 {1993 est.})
(communications_telephone_system#philippines#good international radiotelephone and submarine cable services; domestic and interisland service adequate)
(communications_telephone_system_domestic#philippines#domestic satellite system with 11 earth stations)
(communications_telephone_system_international#philippines#submarine cables to Hong Kong, Guam, Singapore, Taiwan, and Japan; satellite earth stations - 3 Intelsat {1 Indian Ocean and 2 Pacific Ocean})
(communications_radio_broadcast_stations#philippines#AM 261, FM 55, shortwave 0)
(communications_radios#philippines#9.03 million {1992 est.})
(communications_television_broadcast_stations#philippines#29)
(communications_televisions#philippines#7 million {1993 est.})
(defense_branches#philippines#Army, Navy {includes Coast Guard and Marine Corps}, Air Force)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_age_15-49#philippines#18,722,509)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_fit_for_military_service#philippines#13,221,513)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_reach_military_age_{20}_annually#philippines#767,056 {1996 est.})
(defense_defense_expenditures#philippines#exchange rate conversion - $1 billion, 1.4% of GDP {1995})
(header_affiliation#pitcairn_islands#{dependent territory of the UK})
(geography_location#pitcairn_islands#Oceania, islands in the South Pacific Ocean, about one-half of the way from Peru to New Zealand)
(geography_geographic_coordinates#pitcairn_islands#25 04 S, 130 06 W)
(geography_map_references#pitcairn_islands#Oceania)
(geography_area_total_area#pitcairn_islands#47 sq km)
(geography_area_land_area#pitcairn_islands#47 sq km)
(geography_area_comparative_area#pitcairn_islands#about 0.3 times the size of Washington, DC)
(geography_land_boundaries#pitcairn_islands#0 km)
(geography_coastline#pitcairn_islands#51 km)
(geography_maritime_claims_exclusive_fishing_zone#pitcairn_islands#200 nm)
(geography_maritime_claims_exclusive_economic_zone#pitcairn_islands#200 nm)
(geography_maritime_claims_territorial_sea#pitcairn_islands#3 nm)
(geography_international_disputes#pitcairn_islands#none)
(geography_climate#pitcairn_islands#tropical, hot, humid, modified by southeast trade winds; rainy season {November to March})
(geography_terrain#pitcairn_islands#rugged volcanic formation; rocky coastline with cliffs)
(geography_terrain_lowest_point#pitcairn_islands#Pacific Ocean 0 m)
(geography_terrain_highest_point#pitcairn_islands#Pawala Valley Ridge 347 m)
(geography_natural_resources#pitcairn_islands#miro trees {used for handicrafts}, fish)
(geography_land_use_arable_land#pitcairn_islands#NA%)
(geography_land_use_permanent_crops#pitcairn_islands#NA%)
(geography_land_use_meadows_and_pastures#pitcairn_islands#NA%)
(geography_land_use_forest_and_woodland#pitcairn_islands#NA%)
(geography_land_use_other#pitcairn_islands#NA%)
(geography_irrigated_land#pitcairn_islands#NA sq km)
(geography_environment_current_issues#pitcairn_islands#deforestation {only a small portion of the original forest remains because of burning and clearing for settlement})
(geography_environment_natural_hazards#pitcairn_islands#typhoons {especially November to March})
(geography_environment_international_agreements#pitcairn_islands#NA)
(people_population#pitcairn_islands#56 {July 1996 est.})
(people_age_structure_0-14_years#pitcairn_islands#NA)
(people_age_structure_15-64_years#pitcairn_islands#NA)
(people_age_structure_65_years_and_over#pitcairn_islands#NA)
(people_population_growth_rate#pitcairn_islands#0% {1996 est.})
(people_birth_rate#pitcairn_islands#NA births/1,000 population)
(people_death_rate#pitcairn_islands#NA deaths/1,000 population)
(people_net_migration_rate#pitcairn_islands#NA migrant{s}/1,000 population)
(people_sex_ratio_at_birth#pitcairn_islands#NA male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_under_15_years#pitcairn_islands#NA male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_15-64_years#pitcairn_islands#NA male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_65_years_and_over#pitcairn_islands#NA male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_all_ages#pitcairn_islands#NA male{s}/female)
(people_infant_mortality_rate#pitcairn_islands#NA deaths/1,000 live births)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_total_population#pitcairn_islands#NA years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_male#pitcairn_islands#NA years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_female#pitcairn_islands#NA years)
(people_total_fertility_rate#pitcairn_islands#NA children born/woman)
(people_nationality_noun#pitcairn_islands#Pitcairn Islander{s})
(people_nationality_adjective#pitcairn_islands#Pitcairn Islander)
(people_ethnic_divisions#pitcairn_islands#descendants of the Bounty mutineers)
(people_religions#pitcairn_islands#Seventh-Day Adventist 100%)
(people_languages#pitcairn_islands#English {official}, Tahitian/English dialect)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_long_form#pitcairn_islands#Pitcairn, Henderson, Ducie, and Oeno Islands)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_short_form#pitcairn_islands#Pitcairn Islands)
(government_data_code#pitcairn_islands#PC)
(government_type_of_government#pitcairn_islands#dependent territory of the UK)
(government_capital#pitcairn_islands#Adamstown)
(government_administrative_divisions#pitcairn_islands#none {dependent territory of the UK})
(government_independence#pitcairn_islands#none {dependent territory of the UK})
(government_national_holiday#pitcairn_islands#Celebration of the Birthday of the Queen {second Saturday in June})
(government_constitution#pitcairn_islands#Local Government Ordinance of 1964)
(government_legal_system#pitcairn_islands#local island by-laws)
(government_suffrage#pitcairn_islands#18 years of age; universal with three years residency)
(government_executive_branch_chief_of_state#pitcairn_islands#Queen ELIZABETH II {of the United Kingdom since 6 February 1952} is a hereditary monarch, represented by UK High Commissioner to New Zealand and Governor {non-resident} of the Pitcairn Islands Robert John ALSTON {since NA August 1994}; Commissioner {non-resident} G. D. HARRAWAY {since NA; is the liaison person between the governor and the Island Council})
(government_executive_branch_head_of_government#pitcairn_islands#Island Magistrate and Chairman of the Island Council Jay WARREN {since NA}; the island magistrate is elected every three years)
(government_legislative_branch#pitcairn_islands#unicameral)
(government_island_council#pitcairn_islands#elections take place each December; election last held NA December 1995 {next to be held NA December 1996}; results - percent of vote NA; seats - {11 total, 5 elected} all independents)
(government_judicial_branch#pitcairn_islands#Island Court, island magistrate presides over the court and is elected every three years)
(government_political_parties_and_leaders#pitcairn_islands#none)
(government_other_political_or_pressure_groups#pitcairn_islands#NA)
(government_international_organization_participation#pitcairn_islands#SPC)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us#pitcairn_islands#none {dependent territory of the UK})
(government_us_diplomatic_representation#pitcairn_islands#none {dependent territory of the UK})
(government_flag#pitcairn_islands#blue with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side quadrant and the Pitcairn Islander coat of arms centered on the outer half of the flag; the coat of arms is yellow, green, and light blue with a shield featuring a yellow anchor)
(economy_economic_overview#pitcairn_islands#The inhabitants exist on fishing and subsistence farming. The fertile soil of the valleys produces a wide variety of fruits and vegetables, including citrus, sugarcane, watermelons, bananas, yams, and beans. Bartering is an important part of the economy. The major sources of revenue are the sale of postage stamps to collectors and the sale of handicrafts to passing ships.)
(economy_gdp#pitcairn_islands#purchasing power parity - $NA)
(economy_gdp_real_growth_rate#pitcairn_islands#NA%)
(economy_gdp_per_capita#pitcairn_islands#$NA)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_agriculture#pitcairn_islands#NA%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_industry#pitcairn_islands#NA%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_services#pitcairn_islands#NA%)
(economy_inflation_rate_{consumer_prices}#pitcairn_islands#NA%)
(economy_labor_force#pitcairn_islands#14 able-bodied men {1993})
(economy_labor_force_by_occupation#pitcairn_islands#no business community in the usual sense; some public works; subsistence farming and fishing)
(economy_unemployment_rate#pitcairn_islands#NA%)
(economy_budget_revenues#pitcairn_islands#$588,000)
(economy_budget_expenditures#pitcairn_islands#$583,000, including capital expenditures of $NA {1993/94 est.})
(economy_industries#pitcairn_islands#postage stamps, handicrafts)
(economy_industrial_production_growth_rate#pitcairn_islands#NA%)
(economy_electricity_capacity#pitcairn_islands#110 kW)
(economy_electricity_production#pitcairn_islands#300,000 kWh)
(economy_electricity_consumption_per_capita#pitcairn_islands#5,360 kWh {1990})
(economy_agriculture#pitcairn_islands#wide variety of fruits and vegetables)
(economy_exports#pitcairn_islands#$NA)
(economy_exports_commodities#pitcairn_islands#fruits, vegetables, curios)
(economy_exports_partners#pitcairn_islands#NA)
(economy_imports#pitcairn_islands#$NA)
(economy_imports_commodities#pitcairn_islands#fuel oil, machinery, building materials, flour, sugar, other foodstuffs)
(economy_imports_partners#pitcairn_islands#NA)
(economy_external_debt#pitcairn_islands#$NA)
(economy_economic_aid_recipient#pitcairn_islands#ODA bilateral commitments {1992-93}, $84,000)
(economy_currency#pitcairn_islands#1 New Zealand dollar {NZ$} = 100 cents)
(economy_exchange_rates#pitcairn_islands#New Zealand dollars {NZ$} per US$1 - 1.5138 {January 1996}, 1.5235 {1995}, 1.6844 {1994}, 1.8495 {1993}, 1.8584 {1992}, 1.7265 {1991})
(economy_fiscal_year#pitcairn_islands#1 April - 31 March)
(transportation_railways#pitcairn_islands#0 km)
(transportation_highways_total#pitcairn_islands#6.4 km)
(transportation_highways_paved#pitcairn_islands#0 km)
(transportation_highways_unpaved#pitcairn_islands#6.4 km)
(transportation_ports#pitcairn_islands#Bounty Bay)
(transportation_merchant_marine#pitcairn_islands#none)
(transportation_airports#pitcairn_islands#none)
(communications_telephones#pitcairn_islands#24)
(communications_telephone_system#pitcairn_islands#party line telephone service on the island)
(communications_telephone_system_domestic#pitcairn_islands#NA)
(communications_telephone_system_international#pitcairn_islands#radiotelephone)
(communications_radio_broadcast_stations#pitcairn_islands#AM 1, FM 0, shortwave 0)
(communications_radios#pitcairn_islands#NA)
(communications_television_broadcast_stations#pitcairn_islands#0)
(communications_televisions#pitcairn_islands#NA)
(defense_defense_note#pitcairn_islands#defense is the responsibility of the UK)
(geography_location#poland#Central Europe, east of Germany)
(geography_geographic_coordinates#poland#52 00 N, 20 00 E)
(geography_map_references#poland#Europe)
(geography_area_total_area#poland#312,683 sq km)
(geography_area_land_area#poland#304,510 sq km)
(geography_area_comparative_area#poland#slightly smaller than New Mexico)
(geography_land_boundaries_total#poland#2,888 km)
(geography_land_boundaries_border_countries#poland#Belarus 605 km, Czech Republic 658 km, Germany 456 km, Lithuania 91 km, Russia {Kaliningrad Oblast} 206 km, Slovakia 444 km, Ukraine 428 km)
(geography_coastline#poland#491 km)
(geography_maritime_claims_exclusive_economic_zone#poland#defined by international treaties)
(geography_maritime_claims_territorial_sea#poland#12 nm)
(geography_international_disputes#poland#none)
(geography_climate#poland#temperate with cold, cloudy, moderately severe winters with frequent precipitation; mild summers with frequent showers and thundershowers)
(geography_terrain#poland#mostly flat plain; mountains along southern border)
(geography_terrain_lowest_point#poland#Raczki Elblaskie -2 m)
(geography_terrain_highest_point#poland#Rysy 2,499 m)
(geography_natural_resources#poland#coal, sulfur, copper, natural gas, silver, lead, salt)
(geography_land_use_arable_land#poland#48%)
(geography_land_use_permanent_crops#poland#0%)
(geography_land_use_meadows_and_pastures#poland#13%)
(geography_land_use_forest_and_woodland#poland#29%)
(geography_land_use_other#poland#10% {1992})
(geography_irrigated_land#poland#1,000 sq km {1989 est.})
(geography_environment_current_issues#poland#situation has improved since 1989 due to decline in heavy industry and increased environmental concern by postcommunist governments; air pollution nonetheless remains serious because of sulfur dioxide emissions from coal-fired power plants, and the resulting acid rain has caused forest damage; water pollution from industrial and municipal sources is also a problem, as is disposal of hazardous wastes)
(geography_environment_natural_hazards#poland#NA)
(geography_environment_international_agreements#poland#party to - Air Pollution, Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic Treaty, Climate Change, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Marine Dumping, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands, Whaling; signed, but not ratified - Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Sulphur 94, Biodiversity, Law of the Sea)
(geography_geographic_note#poland#historically, an area of conflict because of flat terrain and the lack of natural barriers on the North European Plain)
(people_population#poland#38,642,565 {July 1996 est.})
(people_age_structure_0-14_years#poland#22% {male 4,399,649; female 4,188,824})
(people_age_structure_15-64_years#poland#66% {male 12,754,272; female 12,930,275})
(people_age_structure_65_years_and_over#poland#12% {male 1,654,526; female 2,715,019} {July 1996 est.})
(people_population_growth_rate#poland#0.14% {1996 est.})
(people_birth_rate#poland#11.92 births/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_death_rate#poland#10.08 deaths/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_net_migration_rate#poland#-0.4 migrant{s}/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_sex_ratio_at_birth#poland#1.06 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_under_15_years#poland#1.05 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_15-64_years#poland#0.99 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_65_years_and_over#poland#0.61 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_all_ages#poland#0.95 male{s}/female {1996 est.})
(people_infant_mortality_rate#poland#12.4 deaths/1,000 live births {1996 est.})
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_total_population#poland#72.1 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_male#poland#68.02 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_female#poland#76.41 years {1996 est.})
(people_total_fertility_rate#poland#1.69 children born/woman {1996 est.})
(people_nationality_noun#poland#Pole{s})
(people_nationality_adjective#poland#Polish)
(people_ethnic_divisions#poland#Polish 97.6%, German 1.3%, Ukrainian 0.6%, Byelorussian 0.5% {1990 est.})
(people_religions#poland#Roman Catholic 95% {about 75% practicing}, Eastern Orthodox, Protestant, and other 5%)
(people_languages#poland#Polish)
(people_literacy#poland#age 15 and over can read and write {1978 est.})
(people_literacy_total_population#poland#99%)
(people_literacy_male#poland#99%)
(people_literacy_female#poland#98%)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_long_form#poland#Republic of Poland)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_short_form#poland#Poland)
(government_name_of_country_local_long_form#poland#Rzeczpospolita Polska)
(government_name_of_country_local_short_form#poland#Polska)
(government_data_code#poland#PL)
(government_type_of_government#poland#democratic state)
(government_capital#poland#Warsaw)
(government_administrative_divisions#poland#49 provinces {wojewodztwa, singular - wojewodztwo}; Biala Podlaska, Bialystok, Bielsko Biala, Bydgoszcz, Chelm, Ciechanow, Czestochowa, Elblag, Gdansk, Gorzow, Jelenia Gora, Kalisz, Katowice, Kielce, Konin, Koszalin, Krakow, Krosno, Legnica, Leszno, Lodz, Lomza, Lublin, Nowy Sacz, Olsztyn, Opole, Ostroleka, Pila, Piotrkow, Plock, Poznan, Przemysl, Radom, Rzeszow, Siedlce, Sieradz, Skierniewice, Slupsk, Suwalki, Szczecin, Tarnobrzeg, Tarnow, Torun, Walbrzych, Warszawa, Wloclawek, Wroclaw, Zamosc, Zielona Gora)
(government_independence#poland#11 November 1918 {independent republic proclaimed})
(government_national_holiday#poland#Constitution Day, 3 May {1791})
(government_constitution#poland#interim "small constitution" came into effect in December 1992 replacing the communist-imposed constitution of 22 July 1952; new democratic constitution being drafted)
(government_legal_system#poland#mixture of Continental {Napoleonic} civil law and holdover communist legal theory; changes being gradually introduced as part of broader democratization process; limited judicial review of legislative acts; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction)
(government_suffrage#poland#18 years of age; universal)
(government_executive_branch_chief_of_state#poland#President Aleksander KWASNIEWSKI {since 23 December 1995} was elected for a five-year term by popular vote; election first round held 5 November 1995, second round held 19 November 1995 {next to be held NA November 2000}; results - second round Aleksander KWASNIEWSKI 51.7%, Lech WALESA 48.3%)
(government_executive_branch_head_of_government#poland#Prime Minister Wlodimierz CIMOSZEWICZ {since 7 February 1996}, Deputy Prime Ministers Roman JAGIELINSKI {since NA}, Grzegorz KOLODKO {since NA}, and Miroslaw PIETRIEWICZ {since NA} were appointed by the Sejm)
(government_executive_branch_cabinet#poland#Council of Ministers is responsible to the president and the Sejm; the prime minister appointed and the Sejm approved the Council of Ministers)
(government_legislative_branch#poland#bicameral National Assembly {Zgromadzenie Narodowe})
(government_senate_{senat}#poland#elections last held 19 September 1993 {next to be held no later than 19 September 1997}; results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - {100 total} post-communist parties {PSL 34, SLD 37}, post-Solidarity parties {UW 6, NSZZ 12, BBWR 2}, non-communist, non-Solidarity {independents 7, unaffiliated 1, vacant 1})
(government_sejm#poland#elections last held 19 September 1993 {next to be held no later than 19 September 1997}; results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - {460 total} post-communist parties {SLD 171, PSL 132}, post-Solidarity parties {UW 74, UP 41, BBWR 16}, non-communist, non-Solidarity {KPN 22})
(government_sejm_note#poland#four seats are constitutionally assigned to ethnic German parties)
(government_judicial_branch#poland#Supreme Court, judges are appointed by the president on the recommendation of the National Council of Judiciary)
(government_political_parties_and_leaders_post-communist#poland#Democratic Left Alliance {SLD} {Social Democracy of Poland}, Jozef OLEKSY; Polish Peasant Party {PSL}, Waldemar PAWLAK)
(government_political_parties_and_leaders_post-solidarity_parties#poland#Freedom Union {UW; Democratic Union and Liberal Democratic Congress merged to form Freedom Union}, Leszek BALCEROWICZ; Christian-National Union {ZCHN}, Marian PILKA; Center Alliance Party {PC}, Jaroslaw KACZYNSKI; Peasant Alliance {PL}, Gabriel JANOWSKI; Solidarity Caucus {NSZZ}, Marian KRZAKLEWSKI; Union of Labor {UP}, Ryszard BUGAJ; Christian-Democratic Party {PCHD}, Pawel LACZKOWSKI; Conservative Party, Aleksander HALL; Nonparty Reform Bloc {BBWR})
(government_political_parties_and_leaders_non-communist,_non-solidarity#poland#Confederation for an Independent Poland {KPN}, Leszek MOCZULSKI; German Minority {MN}, Georg PORYLKA; Union of Real Politics {UPR}, Janusz KORWIN-MIKKE; Democratic Party {SD}, Antoni MACKIEWICZ)
(government_other_political_or_pressure_groups#poland#powerful Roman Catholic Church; Solidarity {trade union}; All Poland Trade Union Alliance {OPZZ}, trade union)
(government_international_organization_participation#poland#Australia Group, BIS, BSEC {observer}, CBSS, CCC, CE, CEI, CERN, EBRD, ECE, EU {applicant}, FAO, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Inmarset, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, MINURSO, NACC, NAM {guest}, NSG, OAS {observer}, OSCE, PCA, PFP, UN, UNAVEM III, UNCRO, UNCTAD, UNDOF, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNIFIL, UNIKOM, UNMOT, UNOMIG, UNPREDEP, UNPROFOR, UPU, WCL, WEU {associate partner}, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO, ZC)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_chief_of_mission#poland#Ambassador Jerzy KOZMINSKI)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_chancery#poland#2640 16th Street NW, Washington, DC 20009)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_telephone#poland#[1] {202} 234-3800 through 3802)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_fax#poland#[1] {202} 328-6271)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_consulate{s}_general#poland#Chicago, Los Angeles, and New York)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_chief_of_mission#poland#Ambassador Nicholas Andrew REY)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_embassy#poland#Aleje Ujazdowskie 29/31, Warsaw)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_mailing_address#poland#American Embassy Warsaw, Unit 1340, APO AE 09213-1340)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_telephone#poland#[48] {2} 628-30-41)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_fax#poland#[48] {2} 628-82-98)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_consulate{s}_general#poland#Krakow)
(government_flag#poland#two equal horizontal bands of white {top} and red; similar to the flags of Indonesia and Monaco which are red {top} and white)
(economy_economic_overview#poland#In 1995, Poland continued to make good progress in the difficult transition to a market economy that began on 1 January 1990, when the new democratic government instituted "shock therapy" by decontrolling prices, slashing subsidies, and drastically reducing import barriers. Although real GDP fell sharply in 1990 and 1991, in 1992 Poland became the first country in the region to resume economic growth with a 2.6% increase. Growth advanced to 3.8% in 1993, 5.2% in 1994, and 6.5% in 1995. Most of the growth since 1991 had come from the booming private sector, which now accounts for about 60% of GDP, due in large part to the creation of new private firms. The slow pace of privatization picked up somewhat in 1995, as 512 smaller state enterprises were transferred to private National Investment Funds under the Mass Privatization Program, but large-scale industry remains largely in state hands. Industrial production increased 10.2% in 1995, following a 13.2% rise in 1994, yet remains about 13% below the 1989 level. Inflation, which had approached 1,200% annually in early 1990, fell to 21.6% in December 1995, as the government held the 1995 budget deficit to less than 3% of GDP. After peaking at 16.9% in July 1994, unemployment gradually fell to 14.9% in December 1995 - although the rate still approaches 30% in some regions. The trade and current account balances officially are in deficit but in fact both have comfortable surpluses because of large, unrecorded sales to cross-border visitors. Prospects for 1996 are good, with the government promising to push privatization and social welfare reform. Economic growth should remain above 5%, with inflation dropping below 20% by yearend 1996 and unemployment continuing its slow decline. As for external debt, the burden was sharply reduced by reschedulings and write-offs of both private and official debt during 1991-94.)
(economy_gdp#poland#purchasing power parity - $226.7 billion {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_real_growth_rate#poland#6.5% {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_per_capita#poland#$5,800 {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_agriculture#poland#7%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_industry#poland#38%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_services#poland#55% {1993})
(economy_inflation_rate_{consumer_prices}#poland#21.6% {December 1995})
(economy_labor_force#poland#17.743 million {1994 annual average})
(economy_labor_force_by_occupation#poland#industry and construction 32.0%, agriculture 27.6%, trade, transport, and communications 14.7%, government and other 25.7% {1992})
(economy_unemployment_rate#poland#14.9% {December 1995})
(economy_budget_revenues#poland#$34.5 billion)
(economy_budget_expenditures#poland#$37.8 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA {1995 est.})
(economy_industries#poland#machine building, iron and steel, coal mining, chemicals, shipbuilding, food processing, glass, beverages, textiles)
(economy_industrial_production_growth_rate#poland#10.2% {1995})
(economy_electricity_capacity#poland#31,120,000 kW)
(economy_electricity_production#poland#133.7 billion kWh)
(economy_electricity_consumption_per_capita#poland#3,000 kWh {1993})
(economy_agriculture#poland#potatoes, milk, fruits, vegetables, wheat; poultry and eggs; pork, beef)
(economy_illicit_drugs#poland#illicit producer of opium for domestic consumption and amphetamines for the international market; transshipment point for Asian and Latin American illicit drugs to Western Europe; producer of precursor chemicals)
(economy_exports#poland#$22.2 billion {f.o.b., 1995 est.})
(economy_exports_commodities#poland#intermediate goods 27.5%, machinery and transport equipment 19.8%, miscellaneous manufactures 20.5%, foodstuffs 11.6%, fuels 9.1% {1994})
(economy_exports_partners#poland#Germany 35.7%, Netherlands 5.9%, Russia 5.4%, Italy 4.9% {1994})
(economy_imports#poland#$23.4 billion {f.o.b., 1995 est.})
(economy_imports_commodities#poland#machinery and transport equipment 28.9%, intermediate goods 20.2%, chemicals 14.7%, fuels 10.4%, miscellaneous manufactures 9.9%)
(economy_imports_partners#poland#Germany 27.5%, Italy 8.4%, Russia 6.8%, UK 5.3% {1994})
(economy_external_debt#poland#$42.1 billion {yearend 1995 est.})
(economy_economic_aid_recipient#poland#Western governments and institutions pledged $22 billion in grants and loans during 1990-94, but much of the money has not been disbursed)
(economy_currency#poland#1 zloty {Zl} = 100 groszy)
(economy_exchange_rates#poland#zlotych {Zl} per US$1 - 2.55 {January 1996} 2.4250 {1995}; note - a currency reform on 1 January 1995 replaced 10,000 old zlotys with 1 new zloty; 22,723 {1994}, 18,115 {1993}, 13,626 {1992}, 10,576 {1991})
(economy_fiscal_year#poland#calendar year)
(transportation_railways_total#poland#25,166 km)
(transportation_railways_broad_gauge#poland#656 km 1.520-m gauge)
(transportation_railways_standard_gauge#poland#22,655 km 1.435-m gauge {11,496 km electrified; 8,978 km double track})
(transportation_railways_narrow_gauge#poland#1,855 km various gauges including 1.000-m, 0.785-m, 0.750-m, and 0.600-m {1995})
(transportation_highways_total#poland#367,000 km {excluding farm, factory, and forest roads})
(transportation_highways_paved#poland#235,247 km {including 257 km of expressways})
(transportation_highways_unpaved#poland#131,753 km {1992 est.})
(transportation_waterways#poland#3,997 km navigable rivers and canals {1991})
(transportation_pipelines#poland#crude oil 1,986 km; petroleum products 360 km; natural gas 4,600 km {1992})
(transportation_ports#poland#Gdansk, Gdynia, Gliwice, Kolobrzeg, Szczecin, Swinoujscie, Ustka, Warsaw, Wrocaw)
(transportation_merchant_marine_total#poland#131 ships {1,000 GRT or over} totaling 2,093,491 GRT/3,167,660 DWT)
(transportation_merchant_marine_ships_by_type#poland#bulk 73, cargo 36, chemical tanker 4, container 7, oil tanker 1, passenger 1, roll-on/roll-off cargo 4, short-sea passenger 5)
(transportation_merchant_marine_note#poland#Poland owns an additional 18 ships {1,000 GRT or over} totaling 179,913 DWT operating under the registries of The Bahamas, Liberia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Vanuatu, and Cyprus {1995 est.})
(transportation_airports_total#poland#134)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_over_3,047_m#poland#2)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_2,438_to_3,047_m#poland#30)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_1,524_to_2,437_m#poland#27)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_914_to_1,523_m#poland#3)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_under_914_m#poland#7)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_2,438_to_3,047_m#poland#5)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_1,524_to_2,437_m#poland#10)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_914_to_1,523_m#poland#32)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_under_914_m#poland#18 {1994 est.})
(communications_telephones#poland#5 million {1994})
(communications_telephone_system#poland#underdeveloped and outmoded system; government aims to have 10 million phones in service by the year 2000)
(communications_telephone_system_domestic#poland#cable, open wire, and microwave radio relay)
(communications_telephone_system_international#poland#satellite earth stations - NA Intelsat, NA Eutelsat, 1 Inmarsat {Atlantic and Indian Ocean Regions}, and 1 Intersputnik {Atlantic Ocean Region})
(communications_radio_broadcast_stations#poland#AM 27, FM 27, shortwave 0)
(communications_radios#poland#10.9 million {1993 est.})
(communications_television_broadcast_stations#poland#40 {Russian repeaters 5})
(communications_televisions#poland#9.6 million)
(defense_branches#poland#Army, Navy, Air and Air Defense Force)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_age_15-49#poland#10,267,551)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_fit_for_military_service#poland#7,994,460)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_reach_military_age_{19}_annually#poland#324,960 {1996 est.})
(defense_defense_expenditures#poland#exchange rate conversion - $2.4 billion, 2.4% of GDP {1995})
(geography_location#portugal#Southwestern Europe, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean, west of Spain)
(geography_geographic_coordinates#portugal#39 30 N, 8 00 W)
(geography_map_references#portugal#Europe)
(geography_area_total_area#portugal#92,080 sq km)
(geography_area_land_area#portugal#91,640 sq km)
(geography_area_comparative_area#portugal#slightly smaller than Indiana)
(geography_area_note#portugal#includes Azores and Madeira Islands)
(geography_land_boundaries_total#portugal#1,214 km)
(geography_land_boundaries_border_country#portugal#Spain 1,214 km)
(geography_coastline#portugal#1,793 km)
(geography_maritime_claims_continental_shelf#portugal#200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation)
(geography_maritime_claims_exclusive_economic_zone#portugal#200 nm)
(geography_maritime_claims_territorial_sea#portugal#12 nm)
(geography_international_disputes#portugal#sovereignty over Timor Timur {East Timor Province} disputed with Indonesia and not recognized by the UN)
(geography_climate#portugal#maritime temperate; cool and rainy in north, warmer and drier in south)
(geography_terrain#portugal#mountainous north of the Tagus, rolling plains in south)
(geography_terrain_lowest_point#portugal#Atlantic Ocean 0 m)
(geography_terrain_highest_point#portugal#Ponta do Pico in Azores 2,351 m)
(geography_natural_resources#portugal#fish, forests {cork}, tungsten, iron ore, uranium ore, marble)
(geography_land_use_arable_land#portugal#32%)
(geography_land_use_permanent_crops#portugal#6%)
(geography_land_use_meadows_and_pastures#portugal#6%)
(geography_land_use_forest_and_woodland#portugal#40%)
(geography_land_use_other#portugal#16%)
(geography_irrigated_land#portugal#6,340 sq km {1989 est.})
(geography_environment_current_issues#portugal#soil erosion; air pollution caused by industrial and vehicle emissions; water pollution, especially in coastal areas)
(geography_environment_natural_hazards#portugal#Azores subject to severe earthquakes)
(geography_environment_international_agreements#portugal#party to - Air Pollution, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Wetlands; signed, but not ratified - Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Desertification, Environmental Modification, Law of the Sea, Nuclear Test Ban)
(geography_geographic_note#portugal#Azores and Madeira Islands occupy strategic locations along western sea approaches to Strait of Gibraltar)
(people_population#portugal#9,865,114 {July 1996 est.})
(people_age_structure_0-14_years#portugal#18% {male 888,157; female 843,309})
(people_age_structure_15-64_years#portugal#68% {male 3,249,973; female 3,414,793})
(people_age_structure_65_years_and_over#portugal#14% {male 601,913; female 866,969} {July 1996 est.})
(people_population_growth_rate#portugal#0.02% {1996 est.})
(people_birth_rate#portugal#10.53 births/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_death_rate#portugal#10.2 deaths/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_net_migration_rate#portugal#-0.18 migrant{s}/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_sex_ratio_at_birth#portugal#1.06 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_under_15_years#portugal#1.05 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_15-64_years#portugal#0.95 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_65_years_and_over#portugal#0.69 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_all_ages#portugal#0.92 male{s}/female {1996 est.})
(people_infant_mortality_rate#portugal#7.6 deaths/1,000 live births {1996 est.})
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_total_population#portugal#75.31 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_male#portugal#71.52 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_female#portugal#79.31 years {1996 est.})
(people_total_fertility_rate#portugal#1.36 children born/woman {1996 est.})
(people_nationality_noun#portugal#Portuguese {singular and plural})
(people_nationality_adjective#portugal#Portuguese)
(people_ethnic_divisions#portugal#homogeneous Mediterranean stock in mainland, Azores, Madeira Islands; citizens of black African descent who immigrated to mainland during decolonization number less than 100,000)
(people_religions#portugal#Roman Catholic 97%, Protestant denominations 1%, other 2%)
(people_languages#portugal#Portuguese)
(people_literacy#portugal#age 15 and over can read and write {1990 est.})
(people_literacy_total_population#portugal#85%)
(people_literacy_male#portugal#89%)
(people_literacy_female#portugal#82%)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_long_form#portugal#Portuguese Republic)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_short_form#portugal#Portugal)
(government_name_of_country_local_long_form#portugal#Republica Portuguesa)
(government_name_of_country_local_short_form#portugal#Portugal)
(government_data_code#portugal#PO)
(government_type_of_government#portugal#republic)
(government_capital#portugal#Lisbon)
(government_administrative_divisions#portugal#18 districts {distritos, singular - distrito} and 2 autonomous regions* {regioes autonomas, singular - regiao autonoma}; Aveiro, Acores {Azores}*, Beja, Braga, Braganca, Castelo Branco, Coimbra, Evora, Faro, Guarda, Leiria, Lisboa, Madeira*, Portalegre, Porto, Santarem, Setubal, Viana do Castelo, Vila Real, Viseu)
(government_dependent_areas#portugal#Macau {scheduled to become a Special Administrative Region of China on 20 December 1999})
(government_independence#portugal#1140 {independent republic proclaimed 5 October 1910})
(government_national_holiday#portugal#Day of Portugal, 10 June {1580})
(government_constitution#portugal#25 April 1976, revised 30 October 1982 and 1 June 1989)
(government_legal_system#portugal#civil law system; the Constitutional Tribunal reviews the constitutionality of legislation; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations)
(government_suffrage#portugal#18 years of age; universal)
(government_executive_branch_chief_of_state#portugal#President Jorge SAMPAIO {since 9 March 1996} was elected for a five-year term by universal suffrage; election last held 14 January 1996 {next to be held NA January 2001}; results - Jorge SAMPAIO {Socialist} 53.8%, Anibal CAVACO SILVA {Conservative} 46.2%)
(government_executive_branch_head_of_government#portugal#Prime Minister Antonio Manuel de Oliviera GUTERRES {since 28 October 1995} was appointed by the president following the October 1995 legislative elections)
(government_council_of_state#portugal#acts as a consultative body to the president)
(government_council_of_state_cabinet#portugal#Council of Ministers was appointed by the president on recommendation of the prime minister)
(government_legislative_branch#portugal#unicameral)
(government_assembly_of_the_republic_{assembleia_da_republica}#portugal#elections last held 1 October 1995 {next to be held NA October 1999}; results - PSD 34.0%, PS 43.8%, CDU 8.6%, CDS/PP 9.1%; seats - {230 total} PSD 88, PS 112, CDU 15, CDS/PP 15)
(government_judicial_branch#portugal#Supreme Court {Supremo Tribunal de Justica}, judges appointed for life by the Conselho Superior da Magistratura)
(government_political_parties_and_leaders#portugal#Social Democratic Party {PSD}, Marcelo Rebelo DE SOUSA; Portuguese Socialist Party {PS}, Antonio GUTERRES; Party of Democratic Renewal {PRD}, Pedro CANAVARRO; Portuguese Communist Party {PCP}, Carlos CARVALHAS; Social Democratic Center {CDS}, Manuel MONTEIRO; National Solidarity Party {PSN}, Manuel SERGIO; Center Democratic Party {CDS}; United Democratic Coalition {CDU; communists})
(government_international_organization_participation#portugal#AfDB, Australia Group, BIS, CCC, CE, CERN, EBRD, ECE, ECLAC, EIB, EU, FAO, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Inmarsat, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, LAIA {observer}, MTCR, NACC, NAM {guest}, NATO, NEA, NSG, OAS {observer}, OECD, OSCE, PCA, UN, UNAVEM III, UNCRO, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNPREDEP, UNPROFOR, UPU, WCL, WEU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO, ZC)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_chief_of_mission#portugal#Ambassador Fernando Antonio de Lacerda ANDRESEN GUIMARAES)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_chancery#portugal#2125 Kalorama Road NW, Washington, DC 20008)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_telephone#portugal#[1] {202} 328-8610)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_fax#portugal#[1] {202} 462-3726)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_consulate{s}_general#portugal#Boston, New York, Newark {New Jersey}, and San Francisco)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_consulate{s}#portugal#Los Angeles, New Bedford {Massachusetts}, Providence {Rhode Island})
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_chief_of_mission#portugal#Ambassador Elizabeth Frawley BAGLEY)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_embassy#portugal#Avenida das Forcas Armadas, 1600 Lisbon)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_mailing_address#portugal#PSC 83, APO AE 09726)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_telephone#portugal#[351] {1} 7266600, 7266659, 7268670, 7268880)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_fax#portugal#[351] {1} 7269109)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_consulate{s}#portugal#Ponta Delgada {Azores})
(government_flag#portugal#two vertical bands of green {hoist side, two-fifths} and red {three-fifths} with the Portuguese coat of arms centered on the dividing line)
(economy_economic_overview#portugal#Portugal's short-term economic fundamentals are strong - the economy grew by 2.8% in 1995, with similar growth expected in 1996 and 1997, and unemployment is among the lowest in the EU. The Socialist government has pledged its dedication both to meeting the Maastricht monetary convergence criteria and to increasing social spending, including provision of a guaranteed minimum income. The government's 1996 budget, passed in March 1996, includes a budget deficit target of 4.2%, to be attained largely through cuts in non-social-service government spending and income from an ambitious privatization program. As for the long run, Portugal hopes for a steady modernization of its capital plant, its work force, and its infrastructure in order to catch up with the productivity and income levels of the Big Four economies of Western Europe.)
(economy_gdp#portugal#purchasing power parity - $116.2 billion {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_real_growth_rate#portugal#2.8% {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_per_capita#portugal#$11,000 {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_agriculture#portugal#6%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_industry#portugal#35.8%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_services#portugal#58.2% {1995 est.})
(economy_inflation_rate_{consumer_prices}#portugal#4.6% {1995 est.})
(economy_labor_force#portugal#4.24 million {1994 est.})
(economy_labor_force_by_occupation#portugal#services 54.5%, manufacturing 24.4%, agriculture, forestry, fisheries 11.2%, construction 8.3%, utilities 1.0%, mining 0.5% {1992})
(economy_unemployment_rate#portugal#7.1% {1995 est.})
(economy_budget_revenues#portugal#$31 billion)
(economy_budget_expenditures#portugal#$41 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA {1994})
(economy_industries#portugal#textiles and footwear; wood pulp, paper, and cork; metalworking; oil refining; chemicals; fish canning; wine; tourism)
(economy_industrial_production_growth_rate#portugal#2.1% {1995 est.})
(economy_electricity_capacity#portugal#8,220,000 kW)
(economy_electricity_production#portugal#29.5 billion kWh)
(economy_electricity_consumption_per_capita#portugal#2,642 kWh {1993})
(economy_agriculture#portugal#grain, potatoes, olives, grapes; sheep, cattle, goats, poultry, meat, dairy products)
(economy_illicit_drugs#portugal#important gateway country for Latin American cocaine entering the European market; transshipment point for hashish from North Africa to Europe)
(economy_exports#portugal#$18.9 billion {f.o.b., 1995})
(economy_exports_commodities#portugal#clothing and footwear, machinery, cork and paper products, hides)
(economy_exports_partners#portugal#EU 75.1%, other developed countries 12.4% {US 5.2%} {1995})
(economy_imports#portugal#$24.1 billion {c.i.f., 1995})
(economy_imports_commodities#portugal#machinery and transport equipment, agricultural products, chemicals, petroleum, textiles)
(economy_imports_partners#portugal#EU 71%, other developed countries 10.9% {US 2.5%}, less developed countries 12.9% {1995})
(economy_external_debt#portugal#$11.8 billion {1995 est.})
(economy_economic_aid_donor#portugal#ODA, $248 million {1993})
(economy_economic_aid_recipient#portugal#ODA, $70 million {1993})
(economy_currency#portugal#1 Portuguese escudo {Esc} = 100 centavos)
(economy_exchange_rates#portugal#Portuguese escudos {Esc} per US$1 - 151.61 {January 1996}, 149.97 {1995}, 165.99 {1994}, 160.80 {1993}, 135.00 {1992}, 144.48 {1991})
(economy_fiscal_year#portugal#calendar year)
(transportation_railways_total#portugal#3,068 km)
(transportation_railways_broad_gauge#portugal#2,761 km 1.668-m gauge {464 km electrified; 426 km double track})
(transportation_railways_narrow_gauge#portugal#307 km 1.000-m gauge)
(transportation_railways_note#portugal#in 1992, Portugal had 3,588 km of track of which 464 km were electrified)
(transportation_highways_total#portugal#70,176 km {statistics for continental Portugal only})
(transportation_highways_paved#portugal#60,351 km {including 519 km of expressways})
(transportation_highways_unpaved#portugal#9,825 km {1992 est.})
(transportation_waterways#portugal#820 km navigable; relatively unimportant to national economy, used by shallow-draft craft limited to 300 metric-ton cargo capacity)
(transportation_pipelines#portugal#crude oil 22 km; petroleum products 58 km)
(transportation_ports#portugal#Aveiro, Funchal {Madeira Islands}, Horta {Azores}, Leixoes, Lisbon, Porto, Ponta Delgada {Azores}, Praia da Vitoria {Azores}, Setubal, Viana do Castelo)
(transportation_merchant_marine_total#portugal#72 ships {1,000 GRT or over} totaling 795,725 GRT/1,418,538 DWT)
(transportation_merchant_marine_ships_by_type#portugal#bulk 7, cargo 35, chemical tanker 5, container 5, liquefied gas tanker 4, oil tanker 12, passenger-cargo 1, refrigerated cargo 1, roll-on/roll-off cargo 1, short-sea passenger 1)
(transportation_merchant_marine_note#portugal#Portugal has created a captive register on Madeira for Portuguese-owned ships; ships on the Madeira Register {MAR} will have taxation and crewing benefits of a flag of convenience; Portugal owns an additional 25 ships {1,000 GRT or over} totaling 155,776 DWT operating under the registries of Panama and Malta {1995 est.})
(transportation_airports_total#portugal#67)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_over_3,047_m#portugal#5)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_2,438_to_3,047_m#portugal#8)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_1,524_to_2,437_m#portugal#3)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_914_to_1,523_m#portugal#18)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_under_914_m#portugal#30)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_914_to_1,523_m#portugal#3 {1995 est.})
(communications_telephones#portugal#2,236,411 {1993 est.})
(communications_telephone_system_domestic#portugal#generally adequate integrated network of coaxial cables, open wire, microwave radio relay, and domestic satellite earth stations)
(communications_telephone_system_international#portugal#6 submarine cables; satellite earth stations - 3 Intelsat {2 Atlantic Ocean and 1 Indian Ocean}, NA Eutelsat; tropospheric scatter to Azores; note - an earth station for Inmarsat {Atlantic Ocean Region} is planned)
(communications_radio_broadcast_stations#portugal#AM 57, FM 66 {repeaters 22}, shortwave 0)
(communications_radios#portugal#2.2 million {1993 est.})
(communications_television_broadcast_stations#portugal#66 {repeaters 23})
(communications_televisions#portugal#2,970,892 {1993 est.})
(defense_branches#portugal#Army, Navy {includes Marines}, Air Force, National Republican Guard, Fiscal Guard, Public Security Police)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_age_15-49#portugal#2,498,965)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_fit_for_military_service#portugal#2,014,653)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_reach_military_age_{20}_annually#portugal#83,427 {1996 est.})
(defense_defense_expenditures#portugal#exchange rate conversion - $1.9 billion, 2.4% of GDP {1995})
(header_affiliation#puerto_rico#{commonwealth associated with the US})
(geography_location#puerto_rico#Caribbean, island between the Caribbean Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean, east of the Dominican Republic)
(geography_geographic_coordinates#puerto_rico#18 15 N, 66 30 W)
(geography_map_references#puerto_rico#Central America and the Caribbean)
(geography_area_total_area#puerto_rico#9,104 sq km)
(geography_area_land_area#puerto_rico#8,959 sq km)
(geography_area_comparative_area#puerto_rico#slightly less than three times the size of Rhode Island)
(geography_land_boundaries#puerto_rico#0 km)
(geography_coastline#puerto_rico#501 km)
(geography_maritime_claims_exclusive_economic_zone#puerto_rico#200 nm)
(geography_maritime_claims_territorial_sea#puerto_rico#12 nm)
(geography_international_disputes#puerto_rico#none)
(geography_climate#puerto_rico#tropical marine, mild, little seasonal temperature variation)
(geography_terrain#puerto_rico#mostly mountains with coastal plain belt in north; mountains precipitous to sea on west coast; sandy beaches along most coastal areas)
(geography_terrain_lowest_point#puerto_rico#Caribbean Sea 0 m)
(geography_terrain_highest_point#puerto_rico#Cerro de Punta 1,338 m)
(geography_natural_resources#puerto_rico#some copper and nickel, potential for onshore and offshore oil)
(geography_land_use_arable_land#puerto_rico#8%)
(geography_land_use_permanent_crops#puerto_rico#9%)
(geography_land_use_meadows_and_pastures#puerto_rico#41%)
(geography_land_use_forest_and_woodland#puerto_rico#20%)
(geography_land_use_other#puerto_rico#22%)
(geography_irrigated_land#puerto_rico#390 sq km {1989 est.})
(geography_environment_current_issues#puerto_rico#the recent drought has caused water levels in reservoirs to drop and prompted water rationing for more than one-half of the population)
(geography_environment_natural_hazards#puerto_rico#periodic droughts)
(geography_environment_international_agreements#puerto_rico#NA)
(geography_geographic_note#puerto_rico#important location along the Mona Passage - a key shipping lane to the Panama Canal; San Juan is one of the biggest and best natural harbors in the Caribbean; many small rivers and high central mountains ensure land is well watered; south coast relatively dry; fertile coastal plain belt in north)
(people_population#puerto_rico#3,819,023 {July 1996 est.})
(people_age_structure_0-14_years#puerto_rico#25% {male 484,038; female 461,175})
(people_age_structure_15-64_years#puerto_rico#65% {male 1,201,841; female 1,279,707})
(people_age_structure_65_years_and_over#puerto_rico#10% {male 174,274; female 217,988} {July 1996 est.})
(people_population_growth_rate#puerto_rico#0.18% {1996 est.})
(people_birth_rate#puerto_rico#15.56 births/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_death_rate#puerto_rico#7.46 deaths/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_net_migration_rate#puerto_rico#-6.35 migrant{s}/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_sex_ratio_at_birth#puerto_rico#1.06 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_under_15_years#puerto_rico#1.05 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_15-64_years#puerto_rico#0.94 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_65_years_and_over#puerto_rico#0.8 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_all_ages#puerto_rico#0.95 male{s}/female {1996 est.})
(people_infant_mortality_rate#puerto_rico#12.4 deaths/1,000 live births {1996 est.})
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_total_population#puerto_rico#75.38 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_male#puerto_rico#71.13 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_female#puerto_rico#79.89 years {1996 est.})
(people_total_fertility_rate#puerto_rico#1.94 children born/woman {1996 est.})
(people_nationality_noun#puerto_rico#Puerto Rican{s} {US citizens})
(people_nationality_adjective#puerto_rico#Puerto Rican)
(people_ethnic_divisions#puerto_rico#Hispanic)
(people_religions#puerto_rico#Roman Catholic 85%, Protestant denominations and other 15%)
(people_languages#puerto_rico#Spanish, English)
(people_literacy#puerto_rico#age 15 and over can read and write {1980 est.})
(people_literacy_total_population#puerto_rico#89%)
(people_literacy_male#puerto_rico#90%)
(people_literacy_female#puerto_rico#88%)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_long_form#puerto_rico#Commonwealth of Puerto Rico)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_short_form#puerto_rico#Puerto Rico)
(government_data_code#puerto_rico#RQ)
(government_type_of_government#puerto_rico#commonwealth associated with the US)
(government_capital#puerto_rico#San Juan)
(government_administrative_divisions#puerto_rico#none {commonwealth associated with the US}; note - there are 78 municipalities)
(government_independence#puerto_rico#none {commonwealth associated with the US})
(government_national_holiday#puerto_rico#US Independence Day, 4 July {1776})
(government_constitution#puerto_rico#ratified 3 March 1952; approved by US Congress 3 July 1952; effective 25 July 1952)
(government_legal_system#puerto_rico#based on Spanish civil code)
(government_suffrage#puerto_rico#18 years of age; universal; indigenous inhabitants are US citizens but do not vote in US presidential elections)
(government_executive_branch_chief_of_state#puerto_rico#President {of the US} William Jefferson CLINTON {since 20 January 1993}; Vice President Albert GORE, Jr. {since 20 January 1993})
(government_executive_branch_head_of_government#puerto_rico#Governor Pedro ROSSELLO {since 2 January 1993} was elected for a four-year term by direct suffrage; election last held 3 November 1992 {next to be held 5 November 1996}; results - Pedro ROSSELLO {PNP} 50%, Victoria MUNOZ {PPD} 46%, Fernando MARTIN {PIP} 4%)
(government_legislative_branch#puerto_rico#bicameral Legislative Assembly)
(government_senate#puerto_rico#elections last held 3 November 1992 {next to be held 5 November 1996}; results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - {29 total} PNP 20, PPD 8, PIP 1)
(government_house_of_representatives#puerto_rico#elections last held 3 November 1992 {next to be held NA November 1996}; results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - {53 total} PNP 36, PPD 16, PIP 1)
(government_us_house_of_representatives#puerto_rico#elections last held 3 November 1992 {next to be held 5 November 1996}; results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - {1 total} PNP 1 {Carlos Romero BARCELO}; note - Puerto Rico elects one representative to the US House of Representatives)
(government_judicial_branch#puerto_rico#Supreme Court, justices appointed by the governor with the consent of the Senate; Superior Courts, justices appointed by the governor with the consent of the Senate; Municipal Courts, justices appointed by the governor with the consent of the Senate)
(government_political_parties_and_leaders#puerto_rico#National Republican Party of Puerto Rico, Luis FERRE; Popular Democratic Party {PPD}, Hector ACEVEDO; New Progressive Party {PNP}, Pedro ROSSELLO; Puerto Rican Socialist Party {PSP} has been disbanded {1994}; Puerto Rican Independence Party {PIP}, Ruben BERRIOS Martinez; Puerto Rican Communist Party {PCP}, leader{s} unknown)
(government_other_political_or_pressure_groups#puerto_rico#Armed Forces for National Liberation {FALN}; Volunteers of the Puerto Rican Revolution; Boricua Popular Army {also known as the Macheteros}; Armed Forces of Popular Resistance)
(government_international_organization_participation#puerto_rico#Caricom {observer}, ECLAC {associate}, FAO {associate}, ICFTU, Interpol {subbureau}, IOC, WCL, WFTU, WHO {associate}, WToO {associate})
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us#puerto_rico#none {commonwealth associated with the US})
(government_us_diplomatic_representation#puerto_rico#none {commonwealth associated with the US})
(government_flag#puerto_rico#five equal horizontal bands of red {top and bottom} alternating with white; a blue isosceles triangle based on the hoist side bears a large white five-pointed star in the center; design based on the US flag)
(economy_economic_overview#puerto_rico#Puerto Rico has one of the most dynamic economies in the Caribbean region. Industry has surpassed agriculture as the primary sector of economic activity and income. Encouraged by duty-free access to the US and by tax incentives, US firms have invested heavily in Puerto Rico since the 1950s. US minimum wage laws apply. Important industries include pharmaceuticals, electronics, textiles, petrochemicals, and processed foods. Sugar production has lost out to dairy production and other livestock products as the main source of income in the agricultural sector. Tourism has traditionally been an important source of income for the island, with estimated arrivals of nearly 3.9 million tourists in 1993.)
(economy_gdp#puerto_rico#purchasing power parity - $29.7 billion {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_real_growth_rate#puerto_rico#3.3% {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_per_capita#puerto_rico#$7,800 {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_agriculture#puerto_rico#NA%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_industry#puerto_rico#NA%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_services#puerto_rico#NA%)
(economy_inflation_rate_{consumer_prices}#puerto_rico#2.9% {1994})
(economy_labor_force#puerto_rico#1.2 million {1993})
(economy_labor_force_by_occupation#puerto_rico#government 22%, manufacturing 17%, trade 20%, construction 6%, communications and transportation 5%, other 30% {1993})
(economy_unemployment_rate#puerto_rico#16% {1994})
(economy_budget_revenues#puerto_rico#$5.1 billion)
(economy_budget_expenditures#puerto_rico#$5.1 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA {FY94/95})
(economy_industries#puerto_rico#pharmaceuticals, electronics, apparel, food products, instruments, tourism)
(economy_industrial_production_growth_rate#puerto_rico#5% {1994 est.})
(economy_electricity_capacity#puerto_rico#4.230,000 kW)
(economy_electricity_production#puerto_rico#15.6 billion kWh)
(economy_electricity_consumption_per_capita#puerto_rico#3,819 kWh {1993})
(economy_agriculture#puerto_rico#sugarcane, coffee, pineapples, plantains, bananas; cattle, chickens)
(economy_exports#puerto_rico#$21.8 billion {1994})
(economy_exports_commodities#puerto_rico#pharmaceuticals, electronics, apparel, canned tuna, rum, beverage concentrates, medical equipment, instruments)
(economy_exports_partners#puerto_rico#US 86.2% {1993})
(economy_imports#puerto_rico#$16.7 billion {1994})
(economy_imports_commodities#puerto_rico#chemicals, clothing, food, fish, petroleum products)
(economy_imports_partners#puerto_rico#US 69.2% {1993})
(economy_external_debt#puerto_rico#$NA)
(economy_economic_aid#puerto_rico#none)
(economy_currency#puerto_rico#1 US dollar {US$} = 100 cents)
(economy_exchange_rates#puerto_rico#US currency is used)
(economy_fiscal_year#puerto_rico#1 July - 30 June)
(transportation_railways_total#puerto_rico#96 km)
(transportation_railways_narrow_gauge#puerto_rico#96 km 1.000-m gauge, rural, narrow-gauge system for hauling sugarcane; no passenger service)
(transportation_highways_total#puerto_rico#NA km)
(transportation_highways_paved#puerto_rico#13,762 km {1982 est.})
(transportation_highways_unpaved#puerto_rico#NA km)
(transportation_ports#puerto_rico#Guanica, Guayanilla, Guayama, Playa de Ponce, San Juan)
(transportation_merchant_marine#puerto_rico#none)
(transportation_airports_total#puerto_rico#23)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_over_3,047_m#puerto_rico#3)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_1,524_to_2,437_m#puerto_rico#3)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_914_to_1,523_m#puerto_rico#8)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_under_914_m#puerto_rico#7)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_914_to_1,523_m#puerto_rico#2 {1995 est.})
(communications_telephones#puerto_rico#1,166,231 {1992 est.})
(communications_telephone_system#puerto_rico#modern system, integrated with that of the US by high-capacity submarine cable and Intelsat with high-speed data capability)
(communications_telephone_system_domestic#puerto_rico#digital telephone system with about 1 million lines {1990 est.}; cellular telephone service)
(communications_telephone_system_international#puerto_rico#satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat; submarine cable to US)
(communications_radio_broadcast_stations#puerto_rico#AM 50, FM 63, shortwave 0)
(communications_radios#puerto_rico#2.565 million {1992 est.})
(communications_television_broadcast_stations#puerto_rico#9)
(communications_television_broadcast_stations_note#puerto_rico#cable television available with US programs {1990 est.})
(communications_televisions#puerto_rico#952,000 {1992 est.})
(defense_branches#puerto_rico#paramilitary National Guard, Police Force)
(defense_defense_note#puerto_rico#defense is the responsibility of the US)
(geography_location#qatar#Middle East, peninsula bordering the Persian Gulf and Saudi Arabia)
(geography_geographic_coordinates#qatar#25 30 N, 51 15 E)
(geography_map_references#qatar#Middle East)
(geography_area_total_area#qatar#11,000 sq km)
(geography_area_land_area#qatar#11,000 sq km)
(geography_area_comparative_area#qatar#slightly smaller than Connecticut)
(geography_land_boundaries_total#qatar#60 km)
(geography_land_boundaries_border_country#qatar#Saudi Arabia 60 km)
(geography_coastline#qatar#563 km)
(geography_maritime_claims_contiguous_zone#qatar#24 nm)
(geography_maritime_claims_exclusive_economic_zone#qatar#200 nm)
(geography_maritime_claims_territorial_sea#qatar#12 nm)
(geography_international_disputes#qatar#territorial dispute with Bahrain over the Hawar Islands; maritime boundary with Bahrain; 1965 boundary with Saudi Arabia, renegotiated and revised in 1992, but not official depiction)
(geography_climate#qatar#desert; hot, dry; humid and sultry in summer)
(geography_terrain#qatar#mostly flat and barren desert covered with loose sand and gravel)
(geography_terrain_lowest_point#qatar#Persian Gulf 0 m)
(geography_terrain_highest_point#qatar#Qurayn Aba al Bawl 103 m)
(geography_natural_resources#qatar#petroleum, natural gas, fish)
(geography_land_use_arable_land#qatar#0%)
(geography_land_use_permanent_crops#qatar#0%)
(geography_land_use_meadows_and_pastures#qatar#5%)
(geography_land_use_forest_and_woodland#qatar#0%)
(geography_land_use_other#qatar#95%)
(geography_irrigated_land#qatar#NA sq km)
(geography_environment_current_issues#qatar#limited natural fresh water resources are increasing dependence on large-scale desalination facilities)
(geography_environment_natural_hazards#qatar#haze, dust storms, sandstorms common)
(geography_environment_international_agreements#qatar#signed, but not ratified - Biodiversity, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea)
(geography_geographic_note#qatar#strategic location in central Persian Gulf near major petroleum deposits)
(people_population#qatar#547,761 {July 1996 est.})
(people_age_structure_0-14_years#qatar#30% {male 82,147; female 83,552})
(people_age_structure_15-64_years#qatar#68% {male 263,107; female 109,177})
(people_age_structure_65_years_and_over#qatar#2% {male 6,609; female 3,169} {July 1996 est.})
(people_population_growth_rate#qatar#2.39% {1996 est.})
(people_birth_rate#qatar#21.03 births/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_death_rate#qatar#3.6 deaths/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_net_migration_rate#qatar#6.43 migrant{s}/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_sex_ratio_at_birth#qatar#0.96 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_under_15_years#qatar#0.98 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_15-64_years#qatar#2.41 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_65_years_and_over#qatar#2.09 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_all_ages#qatar#1.8 male{s}/female {1996 est.})
(people_infant_mortality_rate#qatar#19.6 deaths/1,000 live births {1996 est.})
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_total_population#qatar#73.35 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_male#qatar#70.75 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_female#qatar#75.84 years {1996 est.})
(people_total_fertility_rate#qatar#4.28 children born/woman {1996 est.})
(people_nationality_noun#qatar#Qatari{s})
(people_nationality_adjective#qatar#Qatari)
(people_ethnic_divisions#qatar#Arab 40%, Pakistani 18%, Indian 18%, Iranian 10%, other 14%)
(people_religions#qatar#Muslim 95%)
(people_languages#qatar#Arabic {official}, English commonly used as a second language)
(people_literacy#qatar#age 15 and over can read and write {1995 est.})
(people_literacy_total_population#qatar#79.4%)
(people_literacy_male#qatar#79.2%)
(people_literacy_female#qatar#79.9%)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_long_form#qatar#State of Qatar)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_short_form#qatar#Qatar)
(government_name_of_country_local_long_form#qatar#Dawlat Qatar)
(government_name_of_country_local_short_form#qatar#Qatar)
(government_name_of_country_note#qatar#pronounced gutter)
(government_data_code#qatar#QA)
(government_type_of_government#qatar#traditional monarchy)
(government_capital#qatar#Doha)
(government_administrative_divisions#qatar#9 municipalities {baladiyat, singular - baladiyah}; Ad Dawhah, Al Ghuwayriyah, Al Jumayliyah, Al Khawr, Al Wakrah, Ar Rayyan, Jarayan al Batnah, Ash Shamal, Umm Salal)
(government_independence#qatar#3 September 1971 {from UK})
(government_national_holiday#qatar#Independence Day, 3 September {1971})
(government_constitution#qatar#provisional constitution enacted 2 April 1970)
(government_legal_system#qatar#discretionary system of law controlled by the amir, although civil codes are being implemented; Islamic law is significant in personal matters)
(government_suffrage#qatar#none)
(government_executive_branch_chief_of_state_and_head_of_government#qatar#Amir and Prime Minister HAMAD bin Khalifa Al Thani {since 27 June 1995 when, as crown prince, he ousted his father, Amir KHALIFA bin Hamad Al Thani, in a bloodless coup} is an absolute monarch; Deputy Prime Minister ABDALLAH bin Khalifa Al Thani {since NA July 1995}; note - Amir HAMAD who also holds the positions of minister of defense and commander-in-chief of the armed forces, has not yet selected a new crown prince)
(government_executive_branch_cabinet#qatar#Council of Ministers was appointed by the amir)
(government_legislative_branch#qatar#unicameral)
(government_advisory_council_{majlis_al-shura}#qatar#the constitution calls for elections for part of this consultative body, but no elections have been held since 1970, when there were partial elections to the body; Council members have had their terms extended every four years since; seats - {30 total})
(government_judicial_branch#qatar#Court of Appeal)
(government_political_parties_and_leaders#qatar#none)
(government_international_organization_participation#qatar#ABEDA, AFESD, AL, AMF, CCC, ESCWA, FAO, G-77, GCC, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDB, IFAD, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Inmarsat, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, ISO {correspondent}, ITU, NAM, OAPEC, OIC, OPEC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTrO)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_chief_of_mission#qatar#Ambassador ABD AL-RAHMAN bin Saud bin Fahd Al Thani)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_chancery#qatar#Suite 1180, 600 New Hampshire Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20037)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_telephone#qatar#[1] {202} 338-0111)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_chief_of_mission#qatar#Ambassador Patrick N. THEROS)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_embassy#qatar#149 Armed Bin Ali St., Fariq Bin Omran {opposite the television station}, Doha)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_mailing_address#qatar#P. O. Box 2399, Doha)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_telephone#qatar#[974] 864701 through 864703)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_fax#qatar#[974] 861669)
(government_flag#qatar#maroon with a broad white serrated band {nine white points} on the hoist side)
(economy_economic_overview#qatar#Oil is the backbone of the economy and accounts for more than 30% of GDP, roughly 75% of export earnings, and 70% of government revenues. Proved oil reserves of 3.3 billion barrels should ensure continued output at current levels for about 25 years. Oil has given Qatar a per capita GDP comparable to the leading West European industrial countries. Production and export of natural gas are becoming increasingly important. Long-term goals feature the development of off-shore petroleum and the diversification of the economy.)
(economy_gdp#qatar#purchasing power parity - $10.7 billion {1994 est.})
(economy_gdp_real_growth_rate#qatar#-1% {1994 est.})
(economy_gdp_per_capita#qatar#$20,820 {1994 est.})
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_agriculture#qatar#1%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_industry#qatar#50%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_services#qatar#49% {1993 est.})
(economy_inflation_rate_{consumer_prices}#qatar#3% {1993 est.})
(economy_labor_force#qatar#233,000 {1993 est.})
(economy_unemployment_rate#qatar#NA%)
(economy_budget_revenues#qatar#$2.5 billion)
(economy_budget_expenditures#qatar#$3.5 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA {FY95/96})
(economy_industries#qatar#crude oil production and refining, fertilizers, petrochemicals, steel reinforcing bars, cement)
(economy_industrial_production_growth_rate#qatar#NA%)
(economy_electricity_capacity#qatar#1,520,000 kW)
(economy_electricity_production#qatar#4.5 billion kWh)
(economy_electricity_consumption_per_capita#qatar#8,415 kWh {1993})
(economy_agriculture#qatar#fruits, vegetables; poultry, dairy products, beef; fish {all on small scale})
(economy_exports#qatar#$2.9 billion {f.o.b., 1994 est.})
(economy_exports_commodities#qatar#petroleum products 75%, steel, fertilizers)
(economy_exports_partners#qatar#Japan 61%, Australia 5%, UAE 4%, Singapore 4% {1994})
(economy_imports#qatar#$2 billion {c.i.f., 1994 est.})
(economy_imports_commodities#qatar#machinery and equipment, consumer goods, food, chemicals)
(economy_imports_partners#qatar#Germany 14%, Japan 12%, UK 11%, US 9%, Italy 5% {1994})
(economy_external_debt#qatar#$1.5 billion {1993 est.})
(economy_economic_aid#qatar#$NA)
(economy_currency#qatar#1 Qatari riyal {QR} = 100 dirhams)
(economy_exchange_rates#qatar#Qatari riyals {QR} per US$1 - 3.6400 riyals {fixed rate})
(economy_fiscal_year#qatar#1 April - 31 March)
(transportation_railways#qatar#0 km)
(transportation_highways_total#qatar#1,191 km)
(transportation_highways_paved#qatar#1,028 km)
(transportation_highways_unpaved#qatar#163 km {1988 est.})
(transportation_pipelines#qatar#crude oil 235 km; natural gas 400 km)
(transportation_ports#qatar#Doha, Halul Island, Umm Sa'id)
(transportation_merchant_marine_total#qatar#19 ships {1,000 GRT or over} totaling 467,447 GRT/771,483 DWT)
(transportation_merchant_marine_ships_by_type#qatar#combination ore/oil 2, container 3, cargo 11, oil tanker 3 {1995 est.})
(transportation_airports_total#qatar#3)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_over_3,047_m#qatar#1)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_under_914_m#qatar#1)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_914_to_1,523_m#qatar#1 {1995 est.})
(transportation_heliports#qatar#1 {1995 est.})
(communications_telephones#qatar#160,717 {1992 est.})
(communications_telephone_system#qatar#modern system centered in Doha)
(communications_telephone_system_domestic#qatar#NA)
(communications_telephone_system_international#qatar#tropospheric scatter to Bahrain; microwave radio relay to Saudi Arabia and UAE; submarine cable to Bahrain and UAE; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat {1 Atlantic Ocean and 1 Indian Ocean} and 1 Arabsat)
(communications_radio_broadcast_stations#qatar#AM 2, FM 3, shortwave 0)
(communications_radios#qatar#201,000 {1992 est.})
(communications_television_broadcast_stations#qatar#3 {1988 est.})
(communications_televisions#qatar#205,000 {1992 est.})
(defense_branches#qatar#Army, Navy, Air Force, Public Security)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_age_15-49#qatar#220,635)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_fit_for_military_service#qatar#115,403)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_reach_military_age_{18}_annually#qatar#4,115 {1996 est.})
(defense_defense_expenditures#qatar#$NA, NA% of GDP)
(header_affiliation#reunion#{overseas department of France})
(geography_location#reunion#Southern Africa, island in the Indian Ocean, east of Madagascar)
(geography_geographic_coordinates#reunion#21 06 S, 55 36 E)
(geography_map_references#reunion#World)
(geography_area_total_area#reunion#2,510 sq km)
(geography_area_land_area#reunion#2,500 sq km)
(geography_area_comparative_area#reunion#slightly smaller than Rhode Island)
(geography_land_boundaries#reunion#0 km)
(geography_coastline#reunion#201 km)
(geography_maritime_claims_exclusive_economic_zone#reunion#200 nm)
(geography_maritime_claims_territorial_sea#reunion#12 nm)
(geography_international_disputes#reunion#none)
(geography_climate#reunion#tropical, but moderates with elevation; cool and dry from May to November, hot and rainy from November to April)
(geography_terrain#reunion#mostly rugged and mountainous; fertile lowlands along coast)
(geography_terrain_lowest_point#reunion#Indian Ocean 0 m)
(geography_terrain_highest_point#reunion#Piton des Neiges 3,069 m)
(geography_natural_resources#reunion#fish, arable land)
(geography_land_use_arable_land#reunion#16%)
(geography_land_use_permanent_crops#reunion#3%)
(geography_land_use_meadows_and_pastures#reunion#5%)
(geography_land_use_forest_and_woodland#reunion#35%)
(geography_land_use_other#reunion#41% {1993})
(geography_irrigated_land#reunion#60 sq km {1989 est.})
(geography_environment_current_issues#reunion#NA)
(geography_environment_natural_hazards#reunion#periodic, devastating cyclones {December to April}; Piton de la Fournaise on the southeastern coast is an active volcano)
(geography_environment_international_agreements#reunion#NA)
(people_population#reunion#679,198 {July 1996 est.})
(people_age_structure_0-14_years#reunion#32% {male 112,413; female 107,187})
(people_age_structure_15-64_years#reunion#62% {male 207,386; female 214,308})
(people_age_structure_65_years_and_over#reunion#6% {male 15,610; female 22,294} {July 1996 est.})
(people_population_growth_rate#reunion#1.93% {1996 est.})
(people_birth_rate#reunion#24.01 births/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_death_rate#reunion#4.75 deaths/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_net_migration_rate#reunion#0 migrant{s}/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_sex_ratio_at_birth#reunion#1.05 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_under_15_years#reunion#1.05 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_15-64_years#reunion#0.97 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_65_years_and_over#reunion#0.7 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_all_ages#reunion#0.98 male{s}/female {1996 est.})
(people_infant_mortality_rate#reunion#7.5 deaths/1,000 live births {1996 est.})
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_total_population#reunion#74.77 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_male#reunion#71.71 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_female#reunion#77.98 years {1996 est.})
(people_total_fertility_rate#reunion#2.72 children born/woman {1996 est.})
(people_nationality_noun#reunion#Reunionese {singular and plural})
(people_nationality_adjective#reunion#Reunionese)
(people_ethnic_divisions#reunion#French, African, Malagasy, Chinese, Pakistani, Indian)
(people_religions#reunion#Roman Catholic 94%, Hindu, Islam, Buddhist)
(people_languages#reunion#French {official}, Creole widely used)
(people_literacy#reunion#age 15 and over can read and write {1982 est.})
(people_literacy_total_population#reunion#79%)
(people_literacy_male#reunion#76%)
(people_literacy_female#reunion#80%)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_long_form#reunion#Department of Reunion)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_short_form#reunion#Reunion)
(government_name_of_country_local_long_form#reunion#none)
(government_name_of_country_local_short_form#reunion#Ile de la Reunion)
(government_data_code#reunion#RE)
(government_type_of_government#reunion#overseas department of France)
(government_capital#reunion#Saint-Denis)
(government_administrative_divisions#reunion#overseas department of France; there are no first-order divisions as defined by the US Government but there are four arrondissements, 24 communes, and 47 cantons)
(government_independence#reunion#none {overseas department of France})
(government_national_holiday#reunion#National Day, Taking of the Bastille, 14 July {1789})
(government_constitution#reunion#28 September 1958 {French Constitution})
(government_legal_system#reunion#French law)
(government_suffrage#reunion#18 years of age; universal)
(government_executive_branch_chief_of_state#reunion#President {of France} Jacques CHIRAC {since 17 May 1995} represented by Prefect Pierre STEINMETZ {since NA} who was appointed by the French Ministry of the Interior)
(government_executive_branch_head_of_government#reunion#President of the General Council Christophe PAYET {since NA})
(government_legislative_branch#reunion#unicameral General Council and unicameral Regional Council)
(government_general_council#reunion#elections last held NA March 1994 {next to be held NA}; results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - {47 total} PCR 12, PS 12, UDF 11, RPR 5, others 7)
(government_regional_council#reunion#elections last held 25 June 1993 {next to be held NA}; results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - {45 total} UPF 17, Free-Dom Movement 13, PCR 9, PS 6)
(government_french_senate#reunion#elections last held 24 September 1992 {next to be held NA}; results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - {3 total} RPR 1, FRA 1, independent 1)
(government_french_national_assembly#reunion#elections last held 21 and 28 March 1993 {next to be held NA 1998}; results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - {5 total} PS 1, PCR 1, UPF 1, RPR 1, UDF-CDS 1)
(government_judicial_branch#reunion#Court of Appeals {Cour d'Appel})
(government_political_parties_and_leaders#reunion#Rally for the Republic {RPR}, Alain DEFAUD; Union for French Democracy {UDF}, Gilbert GERARD; Communist Party of Reunion {PCR}, Elie HOARAU; France-Reunion Future {FRA}, Andre THIEN AH KOON; Socialist Party {PS}, Jean-Claude FRUTEAU; Social Democrats {CDS}, leader NA; Union for France {UPF - includes RPR and UDF}; Free-Dom Movement, Marguerite SUDRE)
(government_international_organization_participation#reunion#FZ, IOC, WFTU)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us#reunion#none {overseas department of France})
(government_us_diplomatic_representation#reunion#none {overseas department of France})
(government_flag#reunion#the flag of France is used)
(economy_economic_overview#reunion#The economy has traditionally been based on agriculture. Sugarcane has been the primary crop for more than a century, and in some years it accounts for 85% of exports. The government has been pushing the development of a tourist industry to relieve high unemployment, which recently amounted to one-third of the labor force. The gap in Reunion between the well-off and the poor is extraordinary and accounts for the persistent social tensions. The white and Indian communities are substantially better off than other segments of the population, often approaching European standards, whereas indigenous groups suffer the poverty and unemployment typical of the poorer nations of the African continent. The outbreak of severe rioting in February 1991 illustrates the seriousness of socioeconomic tensions. The economic well-being of Reunion depends heavily on continued financial assistance from France.)
(economy_gdp#reunion#purchasing power parity - $2.9 billion {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_real_growth_rate#reunion#2.7% {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_per_capita#reunion#$4,300 {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_agriculture#reunion#NA%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_industry#reunion#NA%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_services#reunion#NA%)
(economy_inflation_rate_{consumer_prices}#reunion#NA%)
(economy_labor_force#reunion#242,169 {1993})
(economy_labor_force_by_occupation#reunion#agriculture 30%, industry 21%, services 49% {1981})
(economy_unemployment_rate#reunion#35% {February 1991})
(economy_budget_revenues#reunion#$NA)
(economy_budget_expenditures#reunion#$NA)
(economy_industries#reunion#sugar, rum, cigarettes, handicraft items)
(economy_industrial_production_growth_rate#reunion#NA%)
(economy_electricity_capacity#reunion#180,000 kW)
(economy_electricity_production#reunion#1 billion kWh)
(economy_electricity_consumption_per_capita#reunion#1,454 kWh {1993})
(economy_agriculture#reunion#sugarcane, vanilla, tobacco, tropical fruits, vegetables, corn)
(economy_exports#reunion#$174 million {f.o.b., 1993})
(economy_exports_commodities#reunion#sugar 63%, rum and molasses 4%, perfume essences 2%, lobster 3%, {1993})
(economy_exports_partners#reunion#France, Mauritius, Bahrain, South Africa, Italy, Madagascar)
(economy_imports#reunion#$2.08 billion {c.i.f., 1993})
(economy_imports_commodities#reunion#manufactured goods, food, beverages, tobacco, machinery and transportation equipment, raw materials, and petroleum products)
(economy_imports_partners#reunion#France, Mauritius, Bahrain, South Africa, Italy, Madagascar)
(economy_external_debt#reunion#$NA)
(economy_economic_aid_recipient#reunion#substantial annual subsidies from France)
(economy_currency#reunion#1 French franc {F} = 100 centimes)
(economy_exchange_rates#reunion#French francs {F} per US$1 - 5.0056 {January 1996}, 4.9915 {1995}, 5.5520 {1994}, 5.6632 {1993}, 5.2938 {1992}, 5.6421 {1991})
(economy_fiscal_year#reunion#calendar year)
(transportation_railways#reunion#0 km)
(transportation_highways_total#reunion#2,784 km)
(transportation_highways_paved#reunion#2,187 km)
(transportation_highways_unpaved#reunion#597 km {1987 est.})
(transportation_ports#reunion#Le Port, Pointe des Galets)
(transportation_merchant_marine#reunion#none)
(transportation_airports_total#reunion#2)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_2,438_to_3,047_m#reunion#1)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_914_to_1,523_m#reunion#1 {1995 est.})
(communications_telephones#reunion#191,647 {1993 est.})
(communications_telephone_system#reunion#adequate system; principal center is Saint-Denis)
(communications_telephone_system_domestic#reunion#modern open wire and microwave radio relay network)
(communications_telephone_system_international#reunion#radiotelephone communication to Comoros, France, Madagascar; new microwave route to Mauritius; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat {Indian Ocean})
(communications_radio_broadcast_stations#reunion#AM 3, FM 13, shortwave 0)
(communications_radios#reunion#151,000 {1992 est.})
(communications_television_broadcast_stations#reunion#1 {repeaters 18})
(communications_televisions#reunion#116,181 {1992 est.})
(defense_branches#reunion#French forces {Army, Navy, Air Force, and Gendarmerie})
(defense_manpower_availability_males_age_15-49#reunion#176,609)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_fit_for_military_service#reunion#90,784)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_reach_military_age_{18}_annually#reunion#5,728 {1996 est.})
(defense_defense_note#reunion#defense is the responsibility of France)
(geography_location#romania#Southeastern Europe, bordering the Black Sea, between Bulgaria and Ukraine)
(geography_geographic_coordinates#romania#46 00 N, 25 00 E)
(geography_map_references#romania#Europe)
(geography_area_total_area#romania#237,500 sq km)
(geography_area_land_area#romania#230,340 sq km)
(geography_area_comparative_area#romania#slightly smaller than Oregon)
(geography_land_boundaries_total#romania#2,508 km)
(geography_land_boundaries_border_countries#romania#Bulgaria 608 km, Hungary 443 km, Moldova 450 km, Serbia and Montenegro 476 km {all with Serbia}, Ukraine {north} 362 km, Ukraine {south} 169 km)
(geography_coastline#romania#225 km)
(geography_maritime_claims_contiguous_zone#romania#24 nm)
(geography_maritime_claims_continental_shelf#romania#200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation)
(geography_maritime_claims_exclusive_economic_zone#romania#200 nm)
(geography_maritime_claims_territorial_sea#romania#12 nm)
(geography_international_disputes#romania#certain territory of Moldova and Ukraine - including Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina - are considered by Bucharest as historically a part of Romania; this territory was incorporated into the former Soviet Union following the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact in 1940)
(geography_climate#romania#temperate; cold, cloudy winters with frequent snow and fog; sunny summers with frequent showers and thunderstorms)
(geography_terrain#romania#central Transylvanian Basin is separated from the Plain of Moldavia on the east by the Carpathian Mountains and separated from the Walachian Plain on the south by the Transylvanian Alps)
(geography_terrain_lowest_point#romania#Black Sea 0 m)
(geography_terrain_highest_point#romania#Moldoveanu 2,544 m)
(geography_natural_resources#romania#petroleum {reserves declining}, timber, natural gas, coal, iron ore, salt)
(geography_land_use_arable_land#romania#43%)
(geography_land_use_permanent_crops#romania#3%)
(geography_land_use_meadows_and_pastures#romania#19%)
(geography_land_use_forest_and_woodland#romania#28%)
(geography_land_use_other#romania#7%)
(geography_irrigated_land#romania#34,500 sq km {1989 est.})
(geography_environment_current_issues#romania#soil erosion and degradation; water pollution; air pollution in south from industrial effluents; contamination of Danube delta wetlands)
(geography_environment_natural_hazards#romania#earthquakes most severe in south and southwest; geologic structure and climate promote landslides)
(geography_environment_international_agreements#romania#party to - Air Pollution, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands; signed, but not ratified - Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Law of the Sea)
(geography_geographic_note#romania#controls most easily traversable land route between the Balkans, Moldova, and Ukraine)
(people_population#romania#21,657,162 {July 1996 est.})
(people_age_structure_0-14_years#romania#20% {male 2,180,023; female 2,088,496})
(people_age_structure_15-64_years#romania#68% {male 7,261,160; female 7,393,531})
(people_age_structure_65_years_and_over#romania#12% {male 1,138,583; female 1,595,369} {July 1996 est.})
(people_population_growth_rate#romania#-1.21% {1996 est.})
(people_birth_rate#romania#9.77 births/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_death_rate#romania#12.27 deaths/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_net_migration_rate#romania#-9.6 migrant{s}/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_sex_ratio_at_birth#romania#1.06 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_under_15_years#romania#1.04 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_15-64_years#romania#0.98 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_65_years_and_over#romania#0.71 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_all_ages#romania#0.96 male{s}/female {1996 est.})
(people_infant_mortality_rate#romania#23.2 deaths/1,000 live births {1996 est.})
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_total_population#romania#69.42 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_male#romania#65.51 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_female#romania#73.57 years {1996 est.})
(people_total_fertility_rate#romania#1.25 children born/woman {1996 est.})
(people_nationality_noun#romania#Romanian{s})
(people_nationality_adjective#romania#Romanian)
(people_ethnic_divisions#romania#Romanian 89.1%, Hungarian 8.9%, German 0.4%, Ukrainian, Serb, Croat, Russian, Turk, and Gypsy 1.6%)
(people_religions#romania#Romanian Orthodox 70%, Roman Catholic 6% {of which 3% are Uniate}, Protestant 6%, unaffiliated 18%)
(people_languages#romania#Romanian, Hungarian, German)
(people_literacy#romania#age 15 and over can read and write {1992 est.})
(people_literacy_total_population#romania#97%)
(people_literacy_male#romania#98%)
(people_literacy_female#romania#95%)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_long_form#romania#none)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_short_form#romania#Romania)
(government_name_of_country_local_long_form#romania#none)
(government_name_of_country_local_short_form#romania#Romania)
(government_data_code#romania#RO)
(government_type_of_government#romania#republic)
(government_capital#romania#Bucharest)
(government_administrative_divisions#romania#40 counties {judete, singular - judet} and 1 municipality* {municipiu}; Alba, Arad, Arges, Bacau, Bihor, Bistrita-Nasaud, Botosani, Braila, Brasov, Bucuresti*, Buzau, Calarasi, Caras-Severin, Cluj, Constanta, Covasna, Dimbovita, Dolj, Galati, Gorj, Giurgiu, Harghita, Hunedoara, Ialomita, Iasi, Maramures, Mehedinti, Mures, Neamt, Olt, Prahova, Salaj, Satu Mare, Sibiu, Suceava, Teleorman, Timis, Tulcea, Vaslui, Vilcea, Vrancea)
(government_independence#romania#1881 {from Turkey; republic proclaimed 30 December 1947})
(government_national_holiday#romania#National Day of Romania, 1 December {1990})
(government_constitution#romania#8 December 1991)
(government_legal_system#romania#former mixture of civil law system and communist legal theory; is now based on the Constitution of France's Fifth Republic)
(government_suffrage#romania#18 years of age; universal)
(government_executive_branch_chief_of_state#romania#President Ion ILIESCU {since 20 June 1990, previously President of Provisional Council of National Unity since 23 December 1989} was elected for a four-year term by universal suffrage; election last held 27 September 1992, with runoff between top two candidates on 11 October 1992 {next to be held NA 1996}; results - Ion ILIESCU 61.4%, Emil CONSTANTINESCU 38.6%)
(government_executive_branch_head_of_government#romania#Prime Minister Nicolae VACAROIU {since NA November 1992} was appointed by the president)
(government_executive_branch_cabinet#romania#Council of Ministers was appointed by the prime minister)
(government_legislative_branch#romania#bicameral Parliament)
(government_senate_{senat}#romania#elections last held 27 September 1992 {next to be held NA 1996}; results - PSDR 34.3%, CDR 18.2%, DP-FSN 12.6%, others 34.9%; seats - {143 total} PSDR 49, CDR 26, DP-FSN 18, PUNR 13, UDMR 12, PRM 6, PAC 6, PDAR 5, PSM 5, PL-93 2, other 1)
(government_house_of_deputies_{adunarea_deputatilor}#romania#elections last held 27 September 1992 {next to be held NA 1996}; results - PSDR 34.0%, CDR 16.4%, DP-FSN 12.3%, others 37.3%; seats - {341 total} PSDR 116, CDR 56, DP-FSN 42, PUNR 29, UDMR 27, PL-93 19, PRM 15, PSM 13, PAC 5, other 19)
(government_judicial_branch#romania#Supreme Court of Justice, judges are appointed by the president on recommendation of the Superior Council of Magistrates)
(government_political_parties_and_leaders#romania#Democratic Party {DP-FSN}, Petre ROMAN; Social Democratic Party of Romania {PSDR}, Adrian NASTASE; Democratic Union of Hungarians in Romania {UDMR}, Bela MARKO; National Liberal Party {PNL}, Mircea IONESCU-QUINTUS; National Peasants' Christian and Democratic Party {PNTCD}, Ion DIACONESCU; Romanian National Unity Party {PUNR}, Gheorghe FUNAR; Socialist Labor Party {PSM}, Ilie VERDET; Agrarian Democratic Party of Romania {PDAR}, Victor SURDU; The Democratic Convention {CDR}, Emil CONSTANTINESCU; Romania Mare Party {PRM}, Corneliu Vadim TUDOR; Civic Alliance Party {PAC}, Nicolae MANOLESCU, chairman; Liberal Party 1993 {PL-93})
(government_political_parties_and_leaders_note#romania#numerous other small parties exist but almost all failed to gain representation in the most recent election)
(government_other_political_or_pressure_groups#romania#various human rights and professional associations)
(government_international_organization_participation#romania#ACCT, BIS, BSEC, CCC, CE, EBRD, ECE, EU {applicant}, FAO, G- 9, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Inmarset, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, IOM {observer}, ISO, ITU, NACC, NAM {guest}, NSG, OAS {observer}, OSCE, PCA, PFP, UN, UNAVEM III, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNIKOM, UPU, WCL, WEU {associate partner}, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO, ZC)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_chief_of_mission#romania#Ambassador Mircea Dan GEOANA)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_chancery#romania#1607 23rd Street NW, Washington, DC 20008)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_telephone#romania#[1] {202} 332-4846, 4848, 4851)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_fax#romania#[1] {202} 232-4748)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_consulate{s}_general#romania#Los Angeles and New York)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_chief_of_mission#romania#Ambassador Alfred H. MOSES)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_embassy#romania#Strada Tudor Arghezi 7-9, Bucharest)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_mailing_address#romania#American Consulate General {Bucharest}, Unit 1315, APO AE 09213-1315)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_telephone#romania#[40] {1} 210 01 49, 210 40 42)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_fax#romania#[40] {1} 210 03 95)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_branch_office#romania#Cluj-Napoca)
(government_flag#romania#three equal vertical bands of blue {hoist side}, yellow, and red; the national coat of arms that used to be centered in the yellow band has been removed; now similar to the flags of Andorra and Chad)
(economy_economic_overview#romania#Romania, one of the poorer East European countries moving away from the command economy, posted its third straight year of growth in 1995. Bucharest also was successful in reducing its inflation rate to 25% - less than half the 1994 rate - because of tight monetary and fiscal policies, while unemployment fell to 9% as the private sector hired more workers. Despite these successes on the economic front, Romania has lagged much of Central and Eastern Europe in the restructuring process. The private sector accounted for only 40% of GDP in 1995 with over 90% of industry remaining in state hands. Privatization is slated to pick up in 1996, but Bucharest faces other economic problems that could stall recovery, including a growing budget deficit, limited reform of the agricultural and energy sectors, and accumulated decay of the infrastructure.)
(economy_gdp#romania#purchasing power parity - $105.7 billion {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_real_growth_rate#romania#5.4% {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_per_capita#romania#$4,600 {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_agriculture#romania#19.6%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_industry#romania#36.3%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_services#romania#44.1% {1994})
(economy_inflation_rate_{consumer_prices}#romania#25% {1995})
(economy_labor_force#romania#11.3 million {1992})
(economy_labor_force_by_occupation#romania#industry 38%, agriculture 28%, other 34% {1989})
(economy_unemployment_rate#romania#8.9% {December 1995})
(economy_budget_revenues#romania#$5.35 billion)
(economy_budget_expenditures#romania#$6.6 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA {1995 est.})
(economy_industries#romania#mining, timber, construction materials, metallurgy, chemicals, machine building, food processing, petroleum production and refining)
(economy_industrial_production_growth_rate#romania#3.3% {1994 est.})
(economy_electricity_capacity#romania#22,180,000 kW)
(economy_electricity_production#romania#50.8 billion kWh)
(economy_electricity_consumption_per_capita#romania#2,076 kWh {1993})
(economy_agriculture#romania#wheat, corn, sugar beets, sunflower seed, potatoes, grapes; milk, eggs, meat)
(economy_illicit_drugs#romania#transshipment point for Southwest Asian heroin and Latin American cocaine transiting the Balkan route)
(economy_exports#romania#$6.2 billion {f.o.b., 1994})
(economy_exports_commodities#romania#textiles and footwear 23.8%, metals and metal products 17.3%, fuels and mineral products 11.6%, machinery and transport equipment 14.8%, chemicals 7.9%, food and agricultural goods 6.5%, other 18.1% {1994})
(economy_exports_partners#romania#developing countries 30.3%, East and Central Europe 8.4%, Russia 3.4%, OECD 57.9% {EU 50%, US 3.1%} {1994})
(economy_imports#romania#$7.1 billion {c.i.f., 1994})
(economy_imports_commodities#romania#fuels and minerals 26.8%, machinery and transport equipment 25.1%, textiles and footwear 12.3%, food and agricultural goods 9.3%, chemicals 7.9%, other 18.6% {1994})
(economy_imports_partners#romania#OECD 60% {EU 44.5%, US 6.5%}, East and Central Europe 6.1%, developing countries 16.6%, Russia 13.8%, other 3.5% {1994})
(economy_external_debt#romania#$4.7 billion {1995})
(economy_economic_aid_recipient#romania#ODA, $81 million {1993})
(economy_currency#romania#1 leu {L} = 100 bani)
(economy_exchange_rates#romania#lei {L} per US$1 - 2,599.24 {January 1996}, 2,033.28 {1995}, 1,655.09 {1994}, 760.05 {1993}, 307.95 {1992}, 76.39 {1991})
(economy_fiscal_year#romania#calendar year)
(transportation_railways_total#romania#11,374 km)
(transportation_railways_broad_gauge#romania#60 km 1.524-m gauge)
(transportation_railways_standard_gauge#romania#10,887 km 1.435-m gauge {3,866 km electrified; 3,060 km double track})
(transportation_railways_narrow_gauge#romania#427 km 0.760-m gauge {1994})
(transportation_highways_total#romania#153,014 km)
(transportation_highways_paved#romania#78,037 km {including 113 km of expressways})
(transportation_highways_unpaved#romania#74,977 km {1992 est.})
(transportation_waterways#romania#1,724 km {1984})
(transportation_pipelines#romania#crude oil 2,800 km; petroleum products 1,429 km; natural gas 6,400 km {1992})
(transportation_ports#romania#Braila, Constanta, Galatz, Mangalia, Sulina, Tulcea)
(transportation_merchant_marine_total#romania#233 ships {1,000 GRT or over} totaling 2,425,729 GRT/3,641,741 DWT)
(transportation_merchant_marine_ships_by_type#romania#bulk 39, cargo 166, container 2, oil tanker 13, passenger 1, passenger-cargo 1, railcar carrier 2, roll-on/roll-off cargo 9)
(transportation_merchant_marine_note#romania#Romania owns an additional 15 ships {1,000 GRT or over} totaling 1,078,490 DWT operating under the registries of Liberia, Malta, Cyprus, and The Bahamas {1995 est.})
(transportation_airports_total#romania#156)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_over_3,047_m#romania#4)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_2,438_to_3,047_m#romania#9)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_1,524_to_2,437_m#romania#14)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_2,438_to_3,047_m#romania#3)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_1,524_to_2,437_m#romania#1)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_914_to_1,523_m#romania#17)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_under_914_m#romania#108 {1994 est.})
(communications_telephones#romania#2.3 million {1990 est.})
(communications_telephone_system_domestic#romania#poor service; 89% of telephone network is automatic; trunk network is microwave radio relay; roughly 3,300 villages with no service {February 1990 est.})
(communications_telephone_system_international#romania#satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat; new digital international direct-dial exchanges are in Bucharest {1993 est.})
(communications_radio_broadcast_stations#romania#AM 12, FM 5, shortwave 0)
(communications_radios#romania#4.64 million {1992 est.})
(communications_television_broadcast_stations#romania#13 {1990 est.})
(communications_televisions#romania#4.58 million {1992 est.})
(defense_branches#romania#Army, Navy, Air and Air Defense Forces, Paramilitary Forces, Civil Defense)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_age_15-49#romania#5,572,383)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_fit_for_military_service#romania#4,693,376)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_reach_military_age_{20}_annually#romania#198,125 {1996 est.})
(defense_defense_expenditures#romania#exchange rate conversion - $885 million, 3.0% of GDP {1995})
(geography_location#russia#Northern Asia {that part west of the Urals is sometimes included with Europe}, bordering the Arctic Ocean, between Europe and the North Pacific Ocean)
(geography_geographic_coordinates#russia#60 00 N, 100 00 E)
(geography_map_references#russia#Asia)
(geography_area_total_area#russia#17,075,200 sq km)
(geography_area_land_area#russia#16,995,800 sq km)
(geography_area_comparative_area#russia#slightly more than 1.8 times the size of the US)
(geography_land_boundaries_total#russia#19,913 km)
(geography_land_boundaries_border_countries#russia#Azerbaijan 284 km, Belarus 959 km, China {southeast} 3,605 km, China {south} 40 km, Estonia 290 km, Finland 1,313 km, Georgia 723 km, Kazakstan 6,846 km, North Korea 19 km, Latvia 217 km, Lithuania {Kaliningrad Oblast} 227 km, Mongolia 3,441 km, Norway 167 km, Poland {Kaliningrad Oblast} 206 km, Ukraine 1,576 km)
(geography_coastline#russia#37,653 km)
(geography_maritime_claims_continental_shelf#russia#200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation)
(geography_maritime_claims_exclusive_economic_zone#russia#200 nm)
(geography_maritime_claims_territorial_sea#russia#12 nm)
(geography_international_disputes#russia#inherited disputes from former USSR including sections of the boundary with China; islands of Etorofu, Kunashiri, and Shikotan and the Habomai group occupied by the Soviet Union in 1945, administered by Russia, claimed by Japan; maritime dispute with Norway over portion of the Barents Sea; Caspian Sea boundaries are not yet determined; potential dispute with Ukraine over Crimea; Estonia claims over 2,000 sq km of Russian territory in the Narva and Pechora regions; the Abrene section of the border ceded by the Latvian Soviet Socialist Republic to Russia in 1944; has made no territorial claim in Antarctica {but has reserved the right to do so} and does not recognize the claims of any other nation)
(geography_climate#russia#ranges from steppes in the south through humid continental in much of European Russia; subarctic in Siberia to tundra climate in the polar north; winters vary from cool along Black Sea coast to frigid in Siberia; summers vary from warm in the steppes to cool along Arctic coast)
(geography_terrain#russia#broad plain with low hills west of Urals; vast coniferous forest and tundra in Siberia; uplands and mountains along southern border regions)
(geography_terrain_lowest_point#russia#Caspian Sea -28 m)
(geography_terrain_highest_point#russia#Mount El'brus 5,633 m)
(geography_natural_resources#russia#wide natural resource base including major deposits of oil, natural gas, coal, and many strategic minerals, timber)
(geography_natural_resources_note#russia#formidable obstacles of climate, terrain, and distance hinder exploitation of natural resources)
(geography_land_use_arable_land#russia#8%)
(geography_land_use_permanent_crops#russia#NEGL%)
(geography_land_use_meadows_and_pastures#russia#5%)
(geography_land_use_forest_and_woodland#russia#45%)
(geography_land_use_other#russia#42%)
(geography_irrigated_land#russia#56,000 sq km {1992})
(geography_environment_current_issues#russia#air pollution from heavy industry, emissions of coal-fired electric plants, and transportation in major cities; industrial and agricultural pollution of inland waterways and sea coasts; deforestation; soil erosion; soil contamination from improper application of agricultural chemicals; scattered areas of sometimes intense radioactive contamination)
(geography_environment_natural_hazards#russia#permafrost over much of Siberia is a major impediment to development; volcanic activity in the Kuril Islands; volcanoes and earthquakes on the Kamchatka Peninsula)
(geography_environment_international_agreements#russia#party to - Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Sulphur 85, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Marine Dumping, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Wetlands; signed, but not ratified - Air Pollution-Sulphur 94, Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Law of the Sea)
(geography_geographic_note#russia#largest country in the world in terms of area but unfavorably located in relation to major sea lanes of the world; despite its size, much of the country lacks proper soils and climates {either too cold or too dry} for agriculture)
(people_population#russia#148,178,487 {July 1996 est.})
(people_age_structure_0-14_years#russia#21% {male 15,792,573; female 15,213,854})
(people_age_structure_15-64_years#russia#67% {male 48,145,679; female 51,125,902})
(people_age_structure_65_years_and_over#russia#12% {male 5,403,066; female 12,497,413} {July 1996 est.})
(people_population_growth_rate#russia#-0.07% {1996 est.})
(people_birth_rate#russia#10.15 births/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_death_rate#russia#16.34 deaths/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_net_migration_rate#russia#5.47 migrant{s}/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_sex_ratio_at_birth#russia#1.05 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_under_15_years#russia#1.04 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_15-64_years#russia#0.94 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_65_years_and_over#russia#0.43 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_all_ages#russia#0.88 male{s}/female {1996 est.})
(people_infant_mortality_rate#russia#24.7 deaths/1,000 live births {1996 est.})
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_total_population#russia#63.24 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_male#russia#56.51 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_female#russia#70.31 years {1996 est.})
(people_total_fertility_rate#russia#1.42 children born/woman {1996 est.})
(people_nationality_noun#russia#Russian{s})
(people_nationality_adjective#russia#Russian)
(people_ethnic_divisions#russia#Russian 81.5%, Tatar 3.8%, Ukrainian 3%, Chuvash 1.2%, Bashkir 0.9%, Byelorussian 0.8%, Moldavian 0.7%, other 8.1%)
(people_religions#russia#Russian Orthodox, Muslim, other)
(people_languages#russia#Russian, other)
(people_literacy#russia#age 15 and over can read and write {1989 est.})
(people_literacy_total_population#russia#98%)
(people_literacy_male#russia#100%)
(people_literacy_female#russia#97%)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_long_form#russia#Russian Federation)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_short_form#russia#Russia)
(government_name_of_country_local_long_form#russia#Rossiyskaya Federatsiya)
(government_name_of_country_local_short_form#russia#Rossiya)
(government_name_of_country_former#russia#Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic)
(government_data_code#russia#RS)
(government_type_of_government#russia#federation)
(government_capital#russia#Moscow)
(government_administrative_divisions#russia#21 autonomous republics {avtomnykh respublik, singular - avtomnaya respublika}; Adygea {Maykop}, Bashkortostan {Ufa}, Buryatia {Ulan-Ude}, Chechnya {Groznyy}, Chuvashia {Cheboksary}, Dagestan {Makhachkala}, Gorno-Altay {Gorno-Altaysk}, Ingushetia {Nazran'}, Kabardino-Balkaria {Nal'chik}, Kalmykia {Elista}, Karachay-Cherkessia {Cherkessk}, Karelia {Petrozavodsk}, Khakassia {Abakan}, Komi {Syktyvkar}, Mari El {Yoshkar-Ola}, Mordovia {Saransk}, North Ossetia {Vladikavkaz}, Tatarstan {Kazan'}, Tuva {Kyzyl}, Udmurtia {Izhevsk}, Yakutia - also known as Sakha {Yakutsk}; 49 oblasts {oblastey, singular - oblast'}; Amur {Blagoveshchensk}, Arkhangel'sk, Astrakhan', Belgorod, Bryansk, Chelyabinsk, Chita, Irkutsk, Ivanovo, Kaliningrad, Kaluga, Kamchatka {Petropavlovsk-Kamchatskiy}, Kemerovo, Kirov, Kostroma, Kurgan, Kursk, Leningrad {St. Petersburg}, Lipetsk, Magadan, Moscow, Murmansk, Nizhniy Novgorod, Novgorod, Novosibirsk, Omsk, Orel, Orenburg, Penza, Perm', Pskov, Rostov, Ryazan', Sakhalin {Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk}, Samara, Saratov, Smolensk, Sverdlovsk {Yekaterinburg}, Tambov, Tomsk, Tula, Tver', Tyumen', Ul'yanovsk, Vladimir, Volgograd, Vologda, Voronezh, Yaroslavl'; 6 krays {krayev, singular - kray}; Altay {Barnaul}, Khabarovsk, Krasnodar, Krasnoyarsk, Primorskiy {Vladivostok}, Stavropol'; 10 autonomous okrugs; Aga {Aginskoye}, Chukotka {Anadyr'}, Evenkia {Tura}, Khantia-Mansia {Khanty-Mansiysk}, Koryakia {Palana}, Nenetsia {Nar'yan-Mar}, Permyakia {Kudymkar}, Taymyria {Dudinka}, Ust'-Onda {Ust'-Ordynskiy}, Yamalia {Salekhard}; 1 autonomous oblast {avtomnykh oblast'}; Birobijan)
(government_administrative_divisions_note#russia#the autonomous republics of Chechnya and Ingushetia were formerly the autonomous republic of Checheno-Ingushetia {the boundary between Chechnya and Ingushetia has yet to be determined}; the cities of Moscow and St. Petersburg are federal cities; an administrative division has the same name as its administrative center {exceptions have the administrative center name following in parentheses})
(government_independence#russia#24 August 1991 {from Soviet Union})
(government_national_holiday#russia#Independence Day, June 12 {1990})
(government_constitution#russia#adopted 12 December 1993)
(government_legal_system#russia#based on civil law system; judicial review of legislative acts)
(government_suffrage#russia#18 years of age; universal)
(government_executive_branch_chief_of_state#russia#President Boris Nikolayevich YEL'TSIN {since 12 June 1991} was elected for a five-year term by universal suffrage under the constitution of 12 December 1993, but subsequent presidents, beginning with the 16 June 1996 election, will serve a four-year term; election last held 12 June 1991 {next to be held 16 June 1996}; results - percent of vote NA; note - no vice president; if the president dies in office, cannot exercise his powers because of ill health, is impeached, or resigns, the premier succeeds him; the premier serves as acting president until a new presidential election is held, which must be within three months)
(government_executive_branch_head_of_government#russia#Premier and Chairman of the Russian Federation Government Viktor Stepanovich CHERNOMYRDIN {since 14 December 1992}, First Deputy Premiers and First Deputy Chairmen of the Government Oleg SOSKOVETS {since 30 April 1993} and Vladimir KADANNIKOV {since 25 January 1996} were appointed by the president on approval of the Dumas)
(government_security_council#russia#originally established as a presidential advisory body in June 1991, but restructured in March 1992, with responsibility for managing individual and state security)
(government_presidential_administration#russia#drafts presidential edicts and provides staff and policy support to the entire executive branch)
(government_presidential_administration_cabinet#russia#Ministries of the Government or "Government" was appointed by the president)
(government_group_of_assistants#russia#schedules president's appointments, processes presidential edicts and other official documents, and houses the president's press service and primary speechwriters)
(government_council_of_heads_of_republics#russia#includes the leaders of the 21 ethnic-based Republics)
(government_council_of_heads_of_administrations#russia#includes the leaders of the 66 autonomous territories and regions, and the mayors of Moscow and St. Petersburg)
(government_presidential_council#russia#prepares policy papers for the president)
(government_legislative_branch#russia#bicameral Federal Assembly)
(government_federation_council#russia#178 seats, filled ex-officio by the top executive and legislative officials in each of the 89 federal administrative units {oblasts, krays, republics, autonomous okrugs and oblasts, and the cities of Moscow and St. Petersburg})
(government_state_duma#russia#elections last held 17 December 1995 {next to be held NA December 1999}; results - percent of vote received by parties clearing the 5% threshold entitling them to a proportional share of the 225 party list seats: Communist Party of the Russian Federation 22.3%, Liberal Democratic Party of Russia 11.2%, Our Home Is Russia 10.1%, Yabloko Bloc 6.9%; seats - {450 total - half elected in single-member districts and half elected from national party lists} Communist Party of the Russian Federation 157, Independents 78, Our Home Is Russia 55, Liberal Democratic Party of Russia 51, Yabloko Bloc 45, Agrarian Party of Russia 20, Russia's Democratic Choice 9, Power To the People 9, Congress of Russian Communities 5, Forward, Russia! 3, Women of Russia 3, other parties 15)
(government_judicial_branch#russia#Constitutional Court, judges are appointed by the Federation Council on recommendation of the president; Supreme Court {highest court for criminal, civil, and administrative cases}, judges are appointed by the Federation Council on recommendation of the president; Superior Court of Arbitration {highest court that resolves economic disputes}, judges are appointed by the Federation Council on recommendation of the president)
(government_political_parties_and_leaders_pro-market_democrats#russia#Our Home Is Russia, Viktor CHERNOMYRDIN; Yabloko Bloc, Grigoriy YAVLINSKIY; Russia's Democratic Choice Party, Yegor GAYDAR; Forward, Russia!, Boris FEDOROV)
(government_political_parties_and_leaders_centrists/special_interest_parties#russia#Congress of Russian Communities, Yuriy SKOKOV; Women of Russia, Alevtina FEDULOVA and Yekaterina LAKHOVA)
(government_political_parties_and_leaders_anti-market_and/or_ultranationalist_parties#russia#Communist Party of the Russian Federation, Gennadiy ZYUGANOV; Liberal Democratic Party of Russia, Vladimir ZHIRINOVSKIY; Agrarian Party, Mikhail LAPSHIN; Power To the People, Nikolay RYZHKOV and Sergey BABURIN; Russian Communist Workers' Party, Viktor ANPILOV and Viktor TYULKIN)
(government_political_parties_and_leaders_note#russia#some 269 political parties, blocs, and associations tried to gather enough signatures to run slates of candidates in the 17 December 1995 Duma elections; 43 succeeded)
(government_other_political_or_pressure_groups#russia#NA)
(government_international_organization_participation#russia#BSEC, CBSS, CCC, CE, CERN {observer}, CIS, EBRD, ECE, ESCAP, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Inmarset, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, IOM {observer}, ISO, ITU, MINURSO, MTCR, NACC, NSG, OAS {observer}, OSCE, PCA, PFP, UN, UN Security Council, UNAMIR, UNAVEM III, UNCRO, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIKOM, UNITAR, UNMIH, UNOMIG, UNPREDEP, UNPROFOR, UNTSO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO {applicant}, ZC)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_chief_of_mission#russia#Ambassador Yuliy Mikhaylovich VORONTSOV)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_chancery#russia#2650 Wisconsin Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20007)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_telephone#russia#[1] {202} 298-5700 through 5704)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_fax#russia#[1] {202} 298-5735)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_consulate{s}_general#russia#New York, San Francisco, and Seattle)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_chief_of_mission#russia#Ambassador Thomas R. PICKERING)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_embassy#russia#Novinskiy Bul'var 19/23, Moscow)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_mailing_address#russia#APO AE 09721)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_telephone#russia#[7] {095} 252-24-51 through 59)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_fax#russia#[7] {095} 956-42-61)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_consulate{s}_general#russia#St. Petersburg, Vladivostok, Yekaterinburg)
(government_flag#russia#three equal horizontal bands of white {top}, blue, and red)
(economy_economic_overview#russia#Russia, a vast country with a wealth of natural resources, a well-educated population, and a diverse industrial base, continues to experience formidable difficulties in moving from its old centrally planned economy to a modern-market economy. The break-up of the USSR into 15 successor states in late 1991 destroyed major economic links that have been only partially replaced. As a result of these dislocations and the failure of the government to implement a rigorous and consistent reform program, output in Russia has dropped by one-third since 1990 {instead of the one-half previously estimated}. On the one hand, President YEL'TSIN's government has made substantial strides in converting to a market economy since launching its economic reform program in January 1992 by freeing nearly all prices, slashing defense spending, eliminating the old centralized distribution system, completing an ambitious voucher privatization program in 1994, establishing private financial institutions, and decentralizing foreign trade. On the other hand, Russia has made little progress in a number of key areas that are needed to provide a solid foundation for the transition to a market economy; and the strong showing of the communists and nationalists in the Duma elections in December 1995 casts a shadow over prospects for further reforms. In 1995, the new cash privatization program went slower than planned. The state claims that the nonstate sector produced approximately 70% of GDP in 1995, up from 62% in 1994, although these figures apparently include many enterprises that have only nominally moved out of state control. Moscow has been slow to develop the legal framework necessary to fully support a market economy and to encourage foreign investment. Stockholder rights remain ill-defined and the Duma has yet to adopt a land code that would allow development of land markets as sources of needed capital. Russia's securities market remains largely unregulated and suffers from the lack of a comprehensive securities law. In addition, Moscow has yet to develop a social safety net that would allow faster restructuring by relieving enterprises of the burden of providing social benefits for their workers. Most rank-and-file Russians perceive they are worse off because of growing crime and health problems, the drop in real wages, the great rise in wage arrears, and the widespread threat of unemployment. The number of Russians living below the official poverty level rose by 10% to 36.6 million people, or 25% of the population. The decline in output slowed during 1995, and some sectors showed signs of a turnaround; analysts forecast the resumption of growth in 1996 - at a low rate. Russian official data, which fail to capture a considerable portion of private sector output and employment, show that GDP declined by 4% in 1995, as compared with a 15% decline in 1994. Despite continued declines in agricultural and industrial production, unemployment climbed only slowly to about 8% of the work force by yearend because government policies aimed at softening the impact of reforms have created incentives for enterprises to keep workers on the rolls even as production slowed to a crawl. Moscow renewed tightened financial policies in early 1995 and succeeded in reducing monthly consumer price inflation from 18% in January to about 3% in December, the lowest monthly rate since the beginning of reform. According to official trade statistics, Russia ran a $19.9 billion trade surplus for 1995, up from $15.9 billion in 1994. It continued to shift its trade away from the other former Soviet republics toward the West, with the CIS countries' share of Russian trade falling to 22% in 1995. Russia made good progress with official and commercial creditors in 1995 in resolving the issue of its $105 billion in Soviet-era debts. When completed, these Paris Club and London Club rescheduling agreements will reduce Russia's repayment liabilities from $20 billion to less than $5 billion annually through the end of the decade. Capital flight reportedly continued to be a problem in 1995, with billions of additional dollars in assets being moved abroad, primarily to bank accounts in Europe.)
(economy_gdp#russia#purchasing power parity - $796 billion {1995 estimate as extrapolated from World Bank estimate for 1994})
(economy_gdp_real_growth_rate#russia#-4% {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_per_capita#russia#$5,300 {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_agriculture#russia#6%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_industry#russia#41%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_services#russia#53%)
(economy_inflation_rate_{consumer_prices}#russia#7% monthly average {1995 est.})
(economy_labor_force#russia#85 million {1993})
(economy_labor_force_by_occupation#russia#production and economic services 83.9%, government 16.1%)
(economy_unemployment_rate#russia#8.2% {December 1995} with considerable additional underemployment)
(economy_budget_revenues#russia#$NA)
(economy_budget_expenditures#russia#$NA, including capital expenditures of $NA)
(economy_industries#russia#complete range of mining and extractive industries producing coal, oil, gas, chemicals, and metals; all forms of machine building from rolling mills to high-performance aircraft and space vehicles; shipbuilding; road and rail transportation equipment; communications equipment; agricultural machinery, tractors, and construction equipment; electric power generating and transmitting equipment; medical and scientific instruments; consumer durables, textiles, foodstuffs, handicrafts)
(economy_industrial_production_growth_rate#russia#-3% {1995 est.})
(economy_electricity_capacity#russia#213,100,000 kW)
(economy_electricity_production#russia#876 billion kWh)
(economy_electricity_consumption_per_capita#russia#5,800 kWh {1994})
(economy_agriculture#russia#grain, sugar beets, sunflower seed, vegetables, fruits {because of its northern location does not grow citrus, cotton, tea, and other warm climate products}; meat, milk)
(economy_illicit_drugs#russia#illicit cultivator of cannabis and opium poppy; mostly for domestic consumption; government has active eradication program; used as transshipment point for Asian and Latin American illicit drugs to Western Europe and Latin America)
(economy_exports#russia#$77.8 billion {f.o.b., 1995})
(economy_exports_commodities#russia#petroleum and petroleum products, natural gas, wood and wood products, metals, chemicals, and a wide variety of civilian and military manufactures)
(economy_exports_partners#russia#Europe, North America, Japan, Third World countries, Cuba)
(economy_imports#russia#$57.9 billion {c.i.f., 1995})
(economy_imports_commodities#russia#machinery and equipment, consumer goods, medicines, meat, grain, sugar, semifinished metal products)
(economy_imports_partners#russia#Europe, North America, Japan, Third World countries, Cuba)
(economy_external_debt#russia#$130 billion {yearend 1995})
(economy_economic_aid_recipient#russia#ODA, $2.8 billion {1993})
(economy_economic_aid_note#russia#US commitments, including Ex-Im {1990-95}, $14 billion {1990-95}; other countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments {1990-95}, $125 billion)
(economy_currency#russia#1 ruble {R} = 100 kopeks)
(economy_exchange_rates#russia#rubles per US$1 - 4,640 {29 December 1995}, 3,550 {29 December 1994}, 1,247 {27 December 1993})
(economy_fiscal_year#russia#calendar year)
(transportation_railways_total#russia#154,000 km; note - 87,000 km in common carrier service {38,000 km electrified}; 67,000 km serve specific industries and are not available for common carrier use)
(transportation_railways_broad_gauge#russia#154,000 km 1.520-m gauge {1 January 1994})
(transportation_highways_total#russia#934,000 km {including 445,000 km which serve specific industries or farms and are not available for common carrier use})
(transportation_highways_paved#russia#NA km)
(transportation_highways_unpaved#russia#NA km {1994 est.})
(transportation_waterways#russia#total navigable routes in general use 101,000 km; routes with navigation guides serving the Russian River Fleet 95,900 km; routes with night navigational aids 60,400 km; man-made navigable routes 16,900 km {1 January 1994})
(transportation_pipelines#russia#crude oil 48,000 km; petroleum products 15,000 km; natural gas 140,000 km {30 June 1993})
(transportation_ports#russia#Arkhangel'sk, Astrakhan', Kaliningrad, Kazan', Khabarovsk, Kholmsk, Krasnoyarsk, Moscow, Murmansk, Nakhodka, Nevel'sk, Novorossiysk, Petropavlovsk, St. Petersburg, Rostov, Sochi, Tuapse, Vladivostok, Volgograd, Vostochnyy, Vyborg)
(transportation_merchant_marine_total#russia#745 ships {1,000 GRT or over} totaling 6,730,178 GRT/9,385,565 DWT)
(transportation_merchant_marine_ships_by_type#russia#barge carrier 2, bulk 25, cargo 406, chemical tanker 6, combination bulk 21, combination ore/oil 17, container 31, multifunction large-load carrier 3, oil tanker 134, passenger 4, passenger-cargo 5, refrigerated cargo 19, roll-on/roll-off cargo 54, short-sea passenger 16, specialized tanker 2)
(transportation_merchant_marine_note#russia#Russia owns an additional 163 ships {1,000 GRT or over} totaling 2,276,829 DWT operating under the registries of Malta, Cyprus, Liberia, Panama, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Honduras, The Bahamas, and Vanuatu {1995 est.})
(transportation_airports_total#russia#2,517)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_over_3,047_m#russia#54)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_2,438_to_3,047_m#russia#202)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_1,524_to_2,437_m#russia#108)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_914_to_1,523_m#russia#115)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_under_914_m#russia#151)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_over_3,047_m#russia#25)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_2,438_to_3,047_m#russia#45)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_1,524_to_2,437_m#russia#134)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_914_to_1,523_m#russia#291)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_under_914_m#russia#1,392 {1994 est.})
(communications_telephones#russia#25.4 million {1993 est.})
(communications_telephone_system#russia#total pay phones for long distant calls 34,100; enlisting foreign help, by means of joint ventures, to speed up the modernization of its telecommunications system; in 1992, only 661,000 new telephones were installed compared with 855,000 in 1991, and in 1992 the number of unsatisfied applications for telephones reached 11,000,000; expanded access to international electronic mail service available via Sprint network; the inadequacy of Russian telecommunications is a severe handicap to the economy, especially with respect to international connections)
(communications_telephone_system_domestic#russia#NMT-450 analog cellular telephone networks are operational and growing in Moscow and St. Petersburg; intercity fiber-optic cable installation remains limited)
(communications_telephone_system_international#russia#international traffic is inadequately handled by a system of satellites, landlines, microwave radio relay, and outdated submarine cables; much of this traffic passes through the international gateway switch in Moscow which carries most of the international traffic for the other countries of the Commonwealth of Independent States; a new Russian Intersputnik satellite will link Moscow and St. Petersburg with Rome from whence calls will be relayed to destinations in Europe and overseas; satellite earth stations - NA Intelsat, 4 Intersputnik {2 Atlantic Ocean Region and 2 Indian Ocean Region}, NA Eutelsat, 1 Inmarsat {Pacific Ocean Region}, and NA Orbita)
(communications_radio_broadcast_stations#russia#AM NA, FM NA, shortwave NA; note - there are about 1,050 {including AM, FM, and shortwave} radio broadcast stations throughout the country)
(communications_radios#russia#50 million {1993 est.}{radio receivers with multiple speaker systems for program diffusion 74,300,000})
(communications_television_broadcast_stations#russia#7,183)
(communications_televisions#russia#54.85 million {1992 est.})
(defense_branches#russia#Ground Forces, Navy, Air Forces, Air Defense Forces, Strategic Rocket Forces)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_age_15-49#russia#38,673,991)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_fit_for_military_service#russia#30,224,738)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_reach_military_age_{18}_annually#russia#1,105,004 {1996 est.})
(defense_defense_expenditures#russia#$NA, NA% of GDP)
(defense_defense_expenditures_note#russia#the Intelligence Community estimates that defense spending in Russia fell by about 20% in real terms in 1995, reducing Russian defense outlays to about one-fifth of peak Soviet levels in the late 1980s)
(geography_location#rwanda#Central Africa, east of Zaire)
(geography_geographic_coordinates#rwanda#2 00 S, 30 00 E)
(geography_map_references#rwanda#Africa)
(geography_area_total_area#rwanda#26,340 sq km)
(geography_area_land_area#rwanda#24,950 sq km)
(geography_area_comparative_area#rwanda#slightly smaller than Maryland)
(geography_land_boundaries_total#rwanda#893 km)
(geography_land_boundaries_border_countries#rwanda#Burundi 290 km, Tanzania 217 km, Uganda 169 km, Zaire 217 km)
(geography_coastline#rwanda#0 km {landlocked})
(geography_maritime_claims#rwanda#none {landlocked})
(geography_international_disputes#rwanda#none)
(geography_climate#rwanda#temperate; two rainy seasons {February to April, November to January}; mild in mountains with frost and snow possible)
(geography_terrain#rwanda#mostly grassy uplands and hills; relief is mountainous with altitude declining from west to east)
(geography_terrain_lowest_point#rwanda#Rusizi River 950 m)
(geography_terrain_highest_point#rwanda#Volcan Karisimbi 4,519 m)
(geography_natural_resources#rwanda#gold, cassiterite {tin ore}, wolframite {tungsten ore}, natural gas, hydropower)
(geography_land_use_arable_land#rwanda#29%)
(geography_land_use_permanent_crops#rwanda#11%)
(geography_land_use_meadows_and_pastures#rwanda#18%)
(geography_land_use_forest_and_woodland#rwanda#10%)
(geography_land_use_other#rwanda#32%)
(geography_irrigated_land#rwanda#40 sq km {1989 est.})
(geography_environment_current_issues#rwanda#deforestation results from uncontrolled cutting of trees for fuel; overgrazing; soil exhaustion; soil erosion)
(geography_environment_natural_hazards#rwanda#periodic droughts; the volcanic Virunga mountains are in the northwest along the border with Zaire)
(geography_environment_international_agreements#rwanda#party to - Endangered Species, Nuclear Test Ban; signed, but not ratified - Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Law of the Sea)
(geography_geographic_note#rwanda#landlocked; predominantly rural population)
(people_population#rwanda#6,853,359 {July 1996 est.})
(people_population_note#rwanda#genocide and civil war in 1994 killed more than 1 million Rwandans and forced more than 2 million to flee to neighboring countries)
(people_age_structure_0-14_years#rwanda#46% {male 1,582,928; female 1,573,536})
(people_age_structure_15-64_years#rwanda#51% {male 1,734,716; female 1,772,722})
(people_age_structure_65_years_and_over#rwanda#3% {male 78,854; female 110,603} {July 1996 est.})
(people_population_growth_rate#rwanda#16.49% {1996 est.})
(people_birth_rate#rwanda#38.83 births/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_death_rate#rwanda#20.33 deaths/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_net_migration_rate#rwanda#146.43 migrant{s}/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_net_migration_rate_note#rwanda#since April 1994, more than two million refugees have fled the civil strife between the Hutu and Tutsi factions in Rwanda and crossed into Zaire, Burundi, and Tanzania; close to 800,000 Rwandan Tutsis who fled civil strife in earlier years have returned to Rwanda, and 90,000 of the Hutu refugees are going home despite the perceived danger of doing so; the ethnic violence continues and in 1996 could produce further refugee flows as well as discourage returns)
(people_sex_ratio_at_birth#rwanda#1.03 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_under_15_years#rwanda#1.01 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_15-64_years#rwanda#0.98 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_65_years_and_over#rwanda#0.71 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_all_ages#rwanda#0.98 male{s}/female {1996 est.})
(people_infant_mortality_rate#rwanda#118.8 deaths/1,000 live births {1996 est.})
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_total_population#rwanda#40.12 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_male#rwanda#39.72 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_female#rwanda#40.53 years {1996 est.})
(people_total_fertility_rate#rwanda#5.99 children born/woman {1996 est.})
(people_nationality_noun#rwanda#Rwandan{s})
(people_nationality_adjective#rwanda#Rwandan)
(people_ethnic_divisions#rwanda#Hutu 80%, Tutsi 19%, Twa {Pygmoid} 1%)
(people_religions#rwanda#Roman Catholic 65%, Protestant 9%, Muslim 1%, indigenous beliefs and other 25%)
(people_languages#rwanda#Kinyarwanda {official}, French {official}, Kiswahili {Swahili} used in commercial centers)
(people_literacy#rwanda#age 15 and over can read and write {1995 est.})
(people_literacy_total_population#rwanda#60.5%)
(people_literacy_male#rwanda#69.8%)
(people_literacy_female#rwanda#51.6%)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_long_form#rwanda#Republic of Rwanda)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_short_form#rwanda#Rwanda)
(government_name_of_country_local_long_form#rwanda#Republika y'u Rwanda)
(government_name_of_country_local_short_form#rwanda#Rwanda)
(government_data_code#rwanda#RW)
(government_type_of_government#rwanda#republic; presidential system)
(government_capital#rwanda#Kigali)
(government_administrative_divisions#rwanda#10 prefectures {prefectures, singular - prefecture in French; plural - NA, singular - prefegitura in Kinyarwanda}; Butare, Byumba, Cyangugu, Gikongoro, Gisenyi, Gitarama, Kibungo, Kibuye, Kigali, Ruhengeri)
(government_independence#rwanda#1 July 1962 {from Belgium-administered UN trusteeship})
(government_national_holiday#rwanda#Independence Day, 1 July {1962})
(government_constitution#rwanda#18 June 1991)
(government_legal_system#rwanda#based on German and Belgian civil law systems and customary law; judicial review of legislative acts in the Supreme Court; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction)
(government_suffrage#rwanda#NA years of age; universal adult)
(government_executive_branch_chief_of_state#rwanda#President Pasteur BIZIMUNGU {since 19 July 1994}; installed by force by the Tutsi Rwandan Patriotic Front; no date set for elections; president is normally elected for a five-year term by universal suffrage; Vice President Maj. Gen. Paul KAGAME {since NA})
(government_executive_branch_head_of_government#rwanda#Prime Minister Celestin RWIGEMA {since NA September 1995} was appointed by the president)
(government_executive_branch_cabinet#rwanda#Council of Ministers was appointed by the president)
(government_legislative_branch#rwanda#unicameral)
(government_national_assembly_{assemblee_nationale}#rwanda#sworn in on 25 November 1994; seats - {70 total} RPF 19, MDR 13, PSD 13, PL 13, PDC 6, PSR 2, PDI 2, other 2)
(government_judicial_branch#rwanda#Constitutional Court, consists of the Court of Cassation and the Council of State in joint session)
(government_political_parties_and_leaders#rwanda#significant parties include: Rwandan Patriotic Front {RPF}, Alexis KANYARENGWE, chairman; Democratic Republican Movement {MDR}; Liberal Party {PL}; Democratic and Socialist Party {PSD}; Christian Democratic Party {PDC}; Islamic Democratic Party {PDI}; Rwandan Socialist Party {PSR}; National Movement for Democracy and Development {MRND}, former ruling party)
(government_other_political_or_pressure_groups#rwanda#Rwanda Patriotic Army {RPA}, the RPF military wing, Maj. Gen. Paul KAGAME, commander; Rally for the Democracy and Return {RDR})
(government_international_organization_participation#rwanda#ACCT, ACP, AfDB, CCC, CEEAC, CEPGL, ECA, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, IOM {observer}, ITU, NAM, OAU, UN, UN Security Council {temporary}, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCL, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_chief_of_mission#rwanda#Ambassador Theogene RUDASINGWA)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_chancery#rwanda#1714 New Hampshire Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20009)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_telephone#rwanda#[1] {202} 232-2882)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_fax#rwanda#[1] {202} 232-4544)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_chief_of_mission#rwanda#Ambassador Robert GRIBBIN III)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_embassy#rwanda#Boulevard de la Revolution, Kigali)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_mailing_address#rwanda#B. P. 28, Kigali)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_telephone#rwanda#[250] 756 01 through 03, 721 26, 771 47)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_fax#rwanda#[250] 721 28)
(government_flag#rwanda#three equal vertical bands of red {hoist side}, yellow, and green with a large black letter R centered in the yellow band; uses the popular pan-African colors of Ethiopia; similar to the flag of Guinea, which has a plain yellow band)
(economy_economic_overview#rwanda#Rwanda is a poor African nation suffering bitterly from ethnic-based civil war. The agricultural sector dominates the economy; coffee and tea normally make up 80%-90% of total exports. The amount of fertile land is limited, however, and deforestation and soil erosion continue to create problems. Manufacturing focuses mainly on the processing of agricultural products. Weak international prices since 1986 have caused the economy to contract and per capita GDP to decline. A structural adjustment program with the World Bank began in October 1990. Ethnic-based insurgency since 1990 has devastated wide areas, especially in the north, and displaced hundreds of thousands of people. A peace accord in mid-1993 temporarily ended most of the fighting, but resumption of large-scale civil warfare in April 1994 in the capital city Kigali and elsewhere has been taking thousands of lives and severely affecting short-term economic prospects. The economy suffers massively from failure to maintain the infrastructure, looting, neglect of important cash crops, and lack of health care facilities. GDP in 1994 may have dropped by as much as half. The further decline of GDP in 1995 was much smaller and was more than offset by aid from the outside. Because of the severe damage to real property and the decline in public discipline, recovery of domestic production toward previous levels is proceeding slowly.)
(economy_gdp#rwanda#purchasing power parity - $3.8 billion {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_real_growth_rate#rwanda#-2.7% {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_per_capita#rwanda#$400 {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_agriculture#rwanda#52%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_industry#rwanda#13%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_services#rwanda#35% {1994 est.})
(economy_inflation_rate_{consumer_prices}#rwanda#64% {1994 est.})
(economy_labor_force#rwanda#3.6 million)
(economy_labor_force_by_occupation#rwanda#agriculture 93%, government and services 5%, industry and commerce 2%)
(economy_unemployment_rate#rwanda#NA%)
(economy_budget_revenues#rwanda#$NA)
(economy_budget_expenditures#rwanda#$NA, including capital expenditures of $NA {1992 est.})
(economy_industries#rwanda#mining of cassiterite {tin ore} and wolframite {tungsten ore}, tin, cement, agricultural processing, small-scale beverage production, soap, furniture, shoes, plastic goods, textiles, cigarettes)
(economy_industrial_production_growth_rate#rwanda#-50% {1994 est.})
(economy_electricity_capacity#rwanda#60,000 kW)
(economy_electricity_production#rwanda#190 million kWh)
(economy_electricity_consumption_per_capita#rwanda#23 kWh {1993})
(economy_agriculture#rwanda#coffee, tea, pyrethrum {insecticide made from chrysanthemums}, bananas, beans, sorghum, potatoes; livestock)
(economy_exports#rwanda#$52 million {f.o.b., 1994 est.})
(economy_exports_commodities#rwanda#coffee 63%, tea, cassiterite, wolframite, pyrethrum)
(economy_exports_partners#rwanda#Germany, Belgium, Italy, Uganda, UK, France, US)
(economy_imports#rwanda#$37 million {1994 est.})
(economy_imports_commodities#rwanda#textiles, foodstuffs, machines and equipment, capital goods, steel, petroleum products, cement and construction material)
(economy_imports_partners#rwanda#US, Belgium, Germany, Kenya, Japan)
(economy_external_debt#rwanda#$873 million {1993 est.})
(economy_economic_aid_recipient#rwanda#ODA, $NA)
(economy_economic_aid_note#rwanda#in October 1990 Rwanda launched a Structural Adjustment Program with the IMF; since September 1991, the EC has given $46 million and the US $25 million in support of this program {1993})
(economy_currency#rwanda#1 Rwandan franc {RF} = 100 centimes)
(economy_exchange_rates#rwanda#Rwandan francs {RF} per US$1 - 401.27 {2nd quarter 1994}, 168.20 {1993}, 133.35 {1992}, 125.14 {1991})
(economy_fiscal_year#rwanda#calendar year)
(transportation_railways#rwanda#0 km)
(transportation_highways_total#rwanda#13,173 km)
(transportation_highways_paved#rwanda#1,186 km)
(transportation_highways_unpaved#rwanda#11,987 km {1990 est.})
(transportation_waterways#rwanda#Lac Kivu navigable by shallow-draft barges and native craft)
(transportation_ports#rwanda#Cyangugu, Gisenyi, Kibuye)
(transportation_airports_total#rwanda#7)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_over_3,047_m#rwanda#1)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_914_to_1,523_m#rwanda#2)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_under_914_m#rwanda#3)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_914_to_1,523_m#rwanda#1 {1995 est.})
(communications_telephones#rwanda#6,400 {1983 est.})
(communications_telephone_system#rwanda#telephone system does not provide service to the general public but is intended for business and government use)
(communications_telephone_system_domestic#rwanda#the capital, Kigali, is connected to the centers of the prefectures by microwave radio relay; the remainder of the network depends on wire and HF radiotelephone)
(communications_telephone_system_international#rwanda#international connections employ microwave radio relay to neighboring countries and satellite communications to more distant countries; satellite earth stations - 1 Intelsat {Indian Ocean} in Kigali {includes telex and telefax service})
(communications_radio_broadcast_stations#rwanda#AM 1, FM 1, shortwave 0)
(communications_radios#rwanda#630,000 {1993 est.})
(communications_television_broadcast_stations#rwanda#1)
(communications_televisions#rwanda#NA)
(defense_branches#rwanda#Army, Gendarmerie)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_age_15-49#rwanda#1,582,656)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_fit_for_military_service#rwanda#805,722 {1996 est.})
(defense_defense_expenditures#rwanda#exchange rate conversion - $112.5 million, 7% of GDP {1992})
(header_affiliation#saint_helena#{dependent territory of the UK})
(geography_location#saint_helena#Southern Africa, island in the South Atlantic Ocean, west of Angola, about two-thirds of the way from South America to Africa)
(geography_geographic_coordinates#saint_helena#15 56 S, 5 42 W)
(geography_map_references#saint_helena#Africa)
(geography_area_total_area#saint_helena#410 sq km)
(geography_area_land_area#saint_helena#410 sq km)
(geography_area_comparative_area#saint_helena#nearly two times the size of Washington, DC)
(geography_area_note#saint_helena#includes Ascension, Gough Island, Inaccessible Island, Nightingale Island, and Tristan da Cunha)
(geography_land_boundaries#saint_helena#0 km)
(geography_coastline#saint_helena#60 km)
(geography_maritime_claims_exclusive_fishing_zone#saint_helena#200 nm)
(geography_maritime_claims_territorial_sea#saint_helena#12 nm)
(geography_international_disputes#saint_helena#none)
(geography_climate#saint_helena#tropical; marine; mild, tempered by trade winds)
(geography_terrain#saint_helena#rugged, volcanic; small scattered plateaus and plains)
(geography_terrain_lowest_point#saint_helena#Atlantic Ocean 0 m)
(geography_terrain_highest_point#saint_helena#Queen Mary's Peak 2,060 m)
(geography_natural_resources#saint_helena#fish)
(geography_land_use_arable_land#saint_helena#7%)
(geography_land_use_permanent_crops#saint_helena#0%)
(geography_land_use_meadows_and_pastures#saint_helena#7%)
(geography_land_use_forest_and_woodland#saint_helena#3%)
(geography_land_use_other#saint_helena#83%)
(geography_irrigated_land#saint_helena#NA sq km)
(geography_environment_current_issues#saint_helena#NA)
(geography_environment_natural_hazards#saint_helena#active volcanism on Tristan da Cunha)
(geography_environment_international_agreements#saint_helena#NA)
(geography_geographic_note#saint_helena#Napoleon Bonaparte's place of exile and burial {his remains were taken to Paris in 1840}; harbors at least 40 species of plants unknown anywhere else in the world; Ascension is a breeding ground for sea turtles and sooty terns)
(people_population#saint_helena#6,782 {July 1996 est.})
(people_age_structure_0-14_years#saint_helena#NA)
(people_age_structure_15-64_years#saint_helena#NA)
(people_age_structure_65_years_and_over#saint_helena#NA)
(people_population_growth_rate#saint_helena#0.31% {1996 est.})
(people_birth_rate#saint_helena#9.39 births/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_death_rate#saint_helena#6.33 deaths/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_net_migration_rate#saint_helena#0 migrant{s}/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_sex_ratio_at_birth#saint_helena#NA male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_under_15_years#saint_helena#NA male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_15-64_years#saint_helena#NA male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_65_years_and_over#saint_helena#NA male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_all_ages#saint_helena#NA male{s}/female)
(people_infant_mortality_rate#saint_helena#35.14 deaths/1,000 live births {1996 est.})
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_total_population#saint_helena#75.34 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_male#saint_helena#73.28 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_female#saint_helena#77.16 years {1996 est.})
(people_total_fertility_rate#saint_helena#1.12 children born/woman {1996 est.})
(people_nationality_noun#saint_helena#Saint Helenian{s})
(people_nationality_adjective#saint_helena#Saint Helenian)
(people_ethnic_divisions#saint_helena#NA)
(people_religions#saint_helena#Anglican {majority}, Baptist, Seventh-Day Adventist, Roman Catholic)
(people_languages#saint_helena#English)
(people_literacy#saint_helena#age 20 and over can read and write {1987 est.})
(people_literacy_total_population#saint_helena#97%)
(people_literacy_male#saint_helena#97%)
(people_literacy_female#saint_helena#98%)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_long_form#saint_helena#none)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_short_form#saint_helena#Saint Helena)
(government_data_code#saint_helena#SH)
(government_type_of_government#saint_helena#dependent territory of the UK)
(government_capital#saint_helena#Jamestown)
(government_administrative_divisions#saint_helena#1 administrative area and 2 dependencies*; Ascension*, Saint Helena, Tristan da Cunha*)
(government_independence#saint_helena#none {dependent territory of the UK})
(government_national_holiday#saint_helena#Celebration of the Birthday of the Queen, 10 June 1989 {second Saturday in June})
(government_constitution#saint_helena#1 January 1989)
(government_legal_system#saint_helena#NA)
(government_suffrage#saint_helena#NA years of age)
(government_executive_branch_chief_of_state#saint_helena#Queen ELIZABETH II {of the UK since 6 February 1952} is a hereditary monarch)
(government_executive_branch_head_of_government#saint_helena#Governor and Commander in Chief David Leslie SMALLMAN {since NA 1995})
(government_executive_branch_cabinet#saint_helena#Executive Council consists of the governor, three ex-officio officers, and five elected members of the Legislative Council)
(government_legislative_branch#saint_helena#unicameral)
(government_legislative_council#saint_helena#elections last held NA July 1993 {next to be held NA}; results - percent of vote NA; seats - {15 total, 12 elected} independents 15)
(government_judicial_branch#saint_helena#Supreme Court)
(government_political_parties_and_leaders#saint_helena#none)
(government_international_organization_participation#saint_helena#ICFTU)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us#saint_helena#none {dependent territory of the UK})
(government_us_diplomatic_representation#saint_helena#none {dependent territory of the UK})
(government_flag#saint_helena#blue with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side quadrant and the Saint Helenian shield centered on the outer half of the flag; the shield features a rocky coastline and three-masted sailing ship)
(economy_economic_overview#saint_helena#The economy depends primarily on financial assistance from the UK. The local population earns some income from fishing, the raising of livestock, and sales of handicrafts. Because there are few jobs, a large proportion of the work force has left to seek employment overseas.)
(economy_gdp#saint_helena#purchasing power parity - $NA)
(economy_gdp_real_growth_rate#saint_helena#NA%)
(economy_gdp_per_capita#saint_helena#$NA)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_agriculture#saint_helena#NA%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_industry#saint_helena#NA%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_services#saint_helena#NA%)
(economy_inflation_rate_{consumer_prices}#saint_helena#NA%)
(economy_labor_force#saint_helena#2,416 {1991 est.})
(economy_labor_force_by_occupation#saint_helena#professional, technical, and related workers 8.7%, managerial, administrative, and clerical 12.8%, sales people 8.1%, farmer, fishermen, etc. 5.4%, craftspersons, production process workers 14.7%, others 50.3% {1987})
(economy_labor_force_note#saint_helena#a large proportion of the work force has left to seek employment overseas)
(economy_unemployment_rate#saint_helena#NA%)
(economy_budget_revenues#saint_helena#$11.2 million)
(economy_budget_expenditures#saint_helena#$11 million, including capital expenditures of $NA {FY92/93})
(economy_industries#saint_helena#crafts {furniture, lacework, fancy woodwork}, fishing)
(economy_industrial_production_growth_rate#saint_helena#NA%)
(economy_electricity_capacity#saint_helena#9,800 kW)
(economy_electricity_production#saint_helena#10 million kWh)
(economy_electricity_consumption_per_capita#saint_helena#NA kWh {1993})
(economy_agriculture#saint_helena#maize, potatoes, vegetables; timber production being developed; crawfishing on Tristan da Cunha)
(economy_exports#saint_helena#$27,400 {f.o.b., FY92/93})
(economy_exports_commodities#saint_helena#fish {frozen and salt-dried skipjack, tuna}, handicrafts)
(economy_exports_partners#saint_helena#South Africa, UK)
(economy_imports#saint_helena#$9.8 million {c.i.f., FY92/93})
(economy_imports_commodities#saint_helena#food, beverages, tobacco, fuel oils, animal feed, building materials, motor vehicles and parts, machinery and parts)
(economy_imports_partners#saint_helena#UK, South Africa)
(economy_external_debt#saint_helena#$NA)
(economy_economic_aid_recipient#saint_helena#ODA, $NA)
(economy_currency#saint_helena#1 Saint Helenian pound {úS} = 100 pence)
(economy_exchange_rates#saint_helena#Saint Helenian pounds {úS} per US$1 - 0.6535 {January 1996}, 0.6335 {1995}, 0.6529 {1994}, 0.6658 {1993}, 0.5664 {1992}, 0.5652 {1991}; note - the Saint Helenian pound is at par with the British pound)
(economy_fiscal_year#saint_helena#1 April - 31 March)
(transportation_railways#saint_helena#0 km)
(transportation_highways_total#saint_helena#NA km {mainland 118 km, Ascension NA km, Tristan da Cunha NA km})
(transportation_highways_paved#saint_helena#180.7 km {mainland 98 km, Ascension 80 km, Tristan da Cunha 2.70 km})
(transportation_highways_unpaved#saint_helena#NA km {mainland 20 km, Ascension NA km, Tristan da Cunha NA km})
(transportation_ports#saint_helena#Georgetown, Jamestown)
(transportation_merchant_marine#saint_helena#none)
(transportation_airports_total#saint_helena#1)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_over_3,047_m#saint_helena#1 {1995 est.})
(communications_telephones#saint_helena#550)
(communications_telephone_system_domestic#saint_helena#automatic network; HF radiotelephone to Ascension, then into worldwide submarine cable and satellite networks)
(communications_telephone_system_international#saint_helena#major coaxial submarine cable relay point between South Africa, Portugal, and UK at Ascension; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat {Atlantic Ocean})
(communications_radio_broadcast_stations#saint_helena#AM 1, FM 0, shortwave 0)
(communications_radios#saint_helena#2,500 {1993 est.})
(communications_television_broadcast_stations#saint_helena#0)
(communications_televisions#saint_helena#NA)
(defense_defense_note#saint_helena#defense is the responsibility of the UK)
(geography_location#saint_kitts_and_nevis#Caribbean, islands in the Caribbean Sea, about one-third of the way from Puerto Rico to Trinidad and Tobago)
(geography_geographic_coordinates#saint_kitts_and_nevis#17 20 N, 62 45 W)
(geography_map_references#saint_kitts_and_nevis#Central America and the Caribbean)
(geography_area_total_area#saint_kitts_and_nevis#269 sq km)
(geography_area_land_area#saint_kitts_and_nevis#269 sq km)
(geography_area_comparative_area#saint_kitts_and_nevis#twice the size of Washington, DC)
(geography_land_boundaries#saint_kitts_and_nevis#0 km)
(geography_coastline#saint_kitts_and_nevis#135 km)
(geography_maritime_claims_contiguous_zone#saint_kitts_and_nevis#24 nm)
(geography_maritime_claims_exclusive_economic_zone#saint_kitts_and_nevis#200 nm or to the edge of the continental margin)
(geography_maritime_claims_territorial_sea#saint_kitts_and_nevis#12 nm)
(geography_international_disputes#saint_kitts_and_nevis#none)
(geography_climate#saint_kitts_and_nevis#subtropical tempered by constant sea breezes; little seasonal temperature variation; rainy season {May to November})
(geography_terrain#saint_kitts_and_nevis#volcanic with mountainous interiors)
(geography_terrain_lowest_point#saint_kitts_and_nevis#Caribbean Sea 0 m)
(geography_terrain_highest_point#saint_kitts_and_nevis#Mount Liamuiga 1,156 m)
(geography_natural_resources#saint_kitts_and_nevis#NEGL)
(geography_land_use_arable_land#saint_kitts_and_nevis#22%)
(geography_land_use_permanent_crops#saint_kitts_and_nevis#17%)
(geography_land_use_meadows_and_pastures#saint_kitts_and_nevis#3%)
(geography_land_use_forest_and_woodland#saint_kitts_and_nevis#17%)
(geography_land_use_other#saint_kitts_and_nevis#41%)
(geography_irrigated_land#saint_kitts_and_nevis#NA sq km)
(geography_environment_current_issues#saint_kitts_and_nevis#NA)
(geography_environment_natural_hazards#saint_kitts_and_nevis#hurricanes {July to October})
(geography_environment_international_agreements#saint_kitts_and_nevis#party to - Biodiversity, Climate Change, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Whaling)
(people_population#saint_kitts_and_nevis#41,369 {July 1996 est.})
(people_age_structure_0-14_years#saint_kitts_and_nevis#35% {male 7,371; female 7,026})
(people_age_structure_15-64_years#saint_kitts_and_nevis#58% {male 12,090; female 12,057})
(people_age_structure_65_years_and_over#saint_kitts_and_nevis#7% {male 1,162; female 1,663} {July 1996 est.})
(people_population_growth_rate#saint_kitts_and_nevis#0.98% {1996 est.})
(people_birth_rate#saint_kitts_and_nevis#23.28 births/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_death_rate#saint_kitts_and_nevis#9.21 deaths/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_net_migration_rate#saint_kitts_and_nevis#-4.28 migrant{s}/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_sex_ratio_at_birth#saint_kitts_and_nevis#1.06 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_under_15_years#saint_kitts_and_nevis#1.05 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_15-64_years#saint_kitts_and_nevis#1 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_65_years_and_over#saint_kitts_and_nevis#0.7 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_all_ages#saint_kitts_and_nevis#0.99 male{s}/female {1996 est.})
(people_infant_mortality_rate#saint_kitts_and_nevis#18.9 deaths/1,000 live births {1996 est.})
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_total_population#saint_kitts_and_nevis#66.86 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_male#saint_kitts_and_nevis#63.84 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_female#saint_kitts_and_nevis#70.06 years {1996 est.})
(people_total_fertility_rate#saint_kitts_and_nevis#2.52 children born/woman {1996 est.})
(people_nationality_noun#saint_kitts_and_nevis#Kittsian{s}, Nevisian{s})
(people_nationality_adjective#saint_kitts_and_nevis#Kittsian, Nevisian)
(people_ethnic_divisions#saint_kitts_and_nevis#black African)
(people_religions#saint_kitts_and_nevis#Anglican, other Protestant sects, Roman Catholic)
(people_languages#saint_kitts_and_nevis#English)
(people_literacy#saint_kitts_and_nevis#age 15 and over has ever attended school {1980 est.})
(people_literacy_total_population#saint_kitts_and_nevis#97%)
(people_literacy_male#saint_kitts_and_nevis#97%)
(people_literacy_female#saint_kitts_and_nevis#98%)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_long_form#saint_kitts_and_nevis#Federation of Saint Kitts and Nevis)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_short_form#saint_kitts_and_nevis#Saint Kitts and Nevis)
(government_name_of_country_former#saint_kitts_and_nevis#Federation of Saint Christopher and Nevis)
(government_data_code#saint_kitts_and_nevis#SC)
(government_type_of_government#saint_kitts_and_nevis#constitutional monarchy)
(government_capital#saint_kitts_and_nevis#Basseterre)
(government_administrative_divisions#saint_kitts_and_nevis#14 parishs; Christ Church Nichola Town, Saint Anne Sandy Point, Saint George Basseterre, Saint George Gingerland, Saint James Windward, Saint John Capisterre, Saint John Figtree, Saint Mary Cayon, Saint Paul Capisterre, Saint Paul Charlestown, Saint Peter Basseterre, Saint Thomas Lowland, Saint Thomas Middle Island, Trinity Palmetto Point)
(government_independence#saint_kitts_and_nevis#19 September 1983 {from UK})
(government_national_holiday#saint_kitts_and_nevis#Independence Day, 19 September {1983})
(government_constitution#saint_kitts_and_nevis#19 September 1983)
(government_legal_system#saint_kitts_and_nevis#based on English common law)
(government_suffrage#saint_kitts_and_nevis#NA years of age; universal adult)
(government_executive_branch_chief_of_state#saint_kitts_and_nevis#Queen ELIZABETH II {since 6 February 1952}, a hereditary monarch, is represented by Governor General Dr. Cuthbert Montraville SEBASTIAN {since 1 January 1996}, previously Governor General of the West Indies Associated States {since NA November 1981})
(government_executive_branch_head_of_government#saint_kitts_and_nevis#Prime Minister Dr. Denzil DOUGLAS {since 6 July 1995} and Deputy Prime Minister Sam CONDOR {since 6 July 1995} were appointed by the governor general)
(government_executive_branch_cabinet#saint_kitts_and_nevis#Cabinet was appointed by the governor general in consultation with the prime minister)
(government_legislative_branch#saint_kitts_and_nevis#unicameral)
(government_house_of_assembly#saint_kitts_and_nevis#elections last held 3 July 1995 {next to be held by July 2000}; results - SKLNP 58%, PAM 41%; seats - {14 total, 11 elected} SKNLP 7, PAM 1, NRP 1, CCM 2)
(government_judicial_branch#saint_kitts_and_nevis#Eastern Caribbean Supreme Court {based on Saint Lucia})
(government_political_parties_and_leaders#saint_kitts_and_nevis#People's Action Movement {PAM}, Dr. Kennedy SIMMONDS; Saint Kitts and Nevis Labor Party {SKNLP}, Dr. Denzil DOUGLAS; Nevis Reformation Party {NRP}, Joseph PARRY; Concerned Citizens Movement {CCM}, Vance AMORY)
(government_international_organization_participation#saint_kitts_and_nevis#ACP, C, Caricom, CDB, ECLAC, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFRCS, IMF, Interpol, IOC, OAS, OECS, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNMIH, UPU, WCL, WHO, WIPO)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_chief_of_mission#saint_kitts_and_nevis#Ambassador Erstein Mallet EDWARDS)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_chancery#saint_kitts_and_nevis#3216 New Mexico Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20016)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_telephone#saint_kitts_and_nevis#[1] {202} 686-2636)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_fax#saint_kitts_and_nevis#[1] {202} 686-5740)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation#saint_kitts_and_nevis#the US does not have an embassy in Saint Kitts and Nevis; US interests are monitored by the embassy in Bridgetown, Barbados)
(government_flag#saint_kitts_and_nevis#divided diagonally from the lower hoist side by a broad black band bearing two white five-pointed stars; the black band is edged in yellow; the upper triangle is green, the lower triangle is red)
(economy_economic_overview#saint_kitts_and_nevis#The economy has traditionally depended on the growing and processing of sugarcane; decreasing world prices have hurt the industry in recent years. Tourism and export-oriented manufacturing have begun to assume larger roles. Most food is imported. The newly elected government has undertaken a program designed to revitalize the faltering sugar sector. It is also working to improve revenue collection in order to better fund social programs.)
(economy_gdp#saint_kitts_and_nevis#purchasing power parity - $220 million {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_real_growth_rate#saint_kitts_and_nevis#3% {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_per_capita#saint_kitts_and_nevis#$5,380 {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_agriculture#saint_kitts_and_nevis#6.2%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_industry#saint_kitts_and_nevis#35.7%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_services#saint_kitts_and_nevis#58.1% {1994 est.})
(economy_inflation_rate_{consumer_prices}#saint_kitts_and_nevis#-0.9% {1995})
(economy_labor_force#saint_kitts_and_nevis#18,172 {June 1995}; by occupation - services 69%, manufacturing 31%)
(economy_unemployment_rate#saint_kitts_and_nevis#4.3% {May 1995})
(economy_budget_revenues#saint_kitts_and_nevis#$100.2 million)
(economy_budget_expenditures#saint_kitts_and_nevis#$100.1 million, including capital expenditures of $41.4 million {1996 est.})
(economy_industries#saint_kitts_and_nevis#sugar processing, tourism, cotton, salt, copra, clothing, footwear, beverages)
(economy_industrial_production_growth_rate#saint_kitts_and_nevis#5.9% {1992 est.})
(economy_electricity_capacity#saint_kitts_and_nevis#15,800 kW)
(economy_electricity_production#saint_kitts_and_nevis#45 million kWh)
(economy_electricity_consumption_per_capita#saint_kitts_and_nevis#990 kWh {1993})
(economy_agriculture#saint_kitts_and_nevis#sugarcane, rice, yams, vegetables, bananas; fishing potential not fully exploited)
(economy_illicit_drugs#saint_kitts_and_nevis#transshipment point for South American drugs destined for the US)
(economy_exports#saint_kitts_and_nevis#$35.4 million {f.o.b., 1994 est.})
(economy_exports_commodities#saint_kitts_and_nevis#machinery, food, electronics, beverages and tobacco)
(economy_exports_partners#saint_kitts_and_nevis#US 46.6%, UK 26.4%, Caricom nations 9.8% {1994})
(economy_imports#saint_kitts_and_nevis#$112.4 million {f.o.b., 1994 est.})
(economy_imports_commodities#saint_kitts_and_nevis#machinery, manufactures, food, fuels)
(economy_imports_partners#saint_kitts_and_nevis#US 45%, Caricom nations 18.8%, UK 12.5%, Canada 4.2%, Japan 4.2%, {1994})
(economy_external_debt#saint_kitts_and_nevis#$45.3 million {1994 est.})
(economy_economic_aid_recipient#saint_kitts_and_nevis#ODA, $NA)
(economy_currency#saint_kitts_and_nevis#1 EC dollar {EC$} = 100 cents)
(economy_exchange_rates#saint_kitts_and_nevis#East Caribbean dollars {EC$} per US$1 - 2.7000 {fixed rate since 1976})
(economy_fiscal_year#saint_kitts_and_nevis#calendar year)
(transportation_railways_total#saint_kitts_and_nevis#58 km)
(transportation_railways_narrow_gauge#saint_kitts_and_nevis#58 km 0.762-m gauge on Saint Kitts to serve sugarcane plantations {1995})
(transportation_highways_total#saint_kitts_and_nevis#300 km)
(transportation_highways_paved#saint_kitts_and_nevis#125 km)
(transportation_highways_unpaved#saint_kitts_and_nevis#175 km)
(transportation_ports#saint_kitts_and_nevis#Basseterre, Charlestown)
(transportation_merchant_marine#saint_kitts_and_nevis#none)
(transportation_airports_total#saint_kitts_and_nevis#2)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_2,438_to_3,047_m#saint_kitts_and_nevis#1)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_under_914_m#saint_kitts_and_nevis#1 {1995 est.})
(communications_telephones#saint_kitts_and_nevis#3,800 {1986 est.})
(communications_telephone_system#saint_kitts_and_nevis#good interisland VHF/UHF/SHF radiotelephone connections and international link via Antigua and Barbuda and Saint Martin {Guadeloupe and Netherlands Antilles})
(communications_telephone_system_domestic#saint_kitts_and_nevis#interisland links are handled by VHF/UHF/SHF radiotelephone)
(communications_telephone_system_international#saint_kitts_and_nevis#international calls are carried by radiotelephone to Antigua and Barbuda and from there switched to submarine cable or to Intelsat, or carried to Saint Martin {Guadeloupe and Netherlands Antilles} by radiotelephone and switched to Intelsat)
(communications_radio_broadcast_stations#saint_kitts_and_nevis#AM 2, FM 0, shortwave 0)
(communications_radios#saint_kitts_and_nevis#25,000 {1993 est.})
(communications_television_broadcast_stations#saint_kitts_and_nevis#4)
(communications_televisions#saint_kitts_and_nevis#9,500 {1993 est.})
(defense_branches#saint_kitts_and_nevis#Royal Saint Kitts and Nevis Police Force, Coast Guard)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_age_15-49#saint_kitts_and_nevis#NA)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_fit_for_military_service#saint_kitts_and_nevis#NA)
(defense_defense_expenditures#saint_kitts_and_nevis#$NA, NA% of GDP)
(geography_location#saint_lucia#Caribbean, island in the Caribbean Sea, north of Trinidad and Tobago)
(geography_geographic_coordinates#saint_lucia#13 53 N, 60 68 W)
(geography_map_references#saint_lucia#Central America and the Caribbean)
(geography_area_total_area#saint_lucia#620 sq km)
(geography_area_land_area#saint_lucia#610 sq km)
(geography_area_comparative_area#saint_lucia#3.5 times the size of Washington, DC)
(geography_land_boundaries#saint_lucia#0 km)
(geography_coastline#saint_lucia#158 km)
(geography_maritime_claims_contiguous_zone#saint_lucia#24 nm)
(geography_maritime_claims_exclusive_economic_zone#saint_lucia#200 nm or to the edge of the continental margin)
(geography_maritime_claims_territorial_sea#saint_lucia#12 nm)
(geography_international_disputes#saint_lucia#none)
(geography_climate#saint_lucia#tropical, moderated by northeast trade winds; dry season from January to April, rainy season from May to August)
(geography_terrain#saint_lucia#volcanic and mountainous with some broad, fertile valleys)
(geography_terrain_lowest_point#saint_lucia#Caribbean Sea 0 m)
(geography_terrain_highest_point#saint_lucia#Mount Gimie 950 m)
(geography_natural_resources#saint_lucia#forests, sandy beaches, minerals {pumice}, mineral springs, geothermal potential)
(geography_land_use_arable_land#saint_lucia#8%)
(geography_land_use_permanent_crops#saint_lucia#20%)
(geography_land_use_meadows_and_pastures#saint_lucia#5%)
(geography_land_use_forest_and_woodland#saint_lucia#13%)
(geography_land_use_other#saint_lucia#54%)
(geography_irrigated_land#saint_lucia#10 sq km {1989 est.})
(geography_environment_current_issues#saint_lucia#deforestation; soil erosion, particularly in the northern region)
(geography_environment_natural_hazards#saint_lucia#hurricanes and volcanic activity)
(geography_environment_international_agreements#saint_lucia#party to - Biodiversity, Climate Change, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Whaling)
(people_population#saint_lucia#157,862 {July 1996 est.})
(people_age_structure_0-14_years#saint_lucia#34% {male 27,068; female 26,491})
(people_age_structure_15-64_years#saint_lucia#61% {male 47,470; female 48,612})
(people_age_structure_65_years_and_over#saint_lucia#5% {male 3,136; female 5,085} {July 1996 est.})
(people_population_growth_rate#saint_lucia#1.14% {1996 est.})
(people_birth_rate#saint_lucia#22.03 births/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_death_rate#saint_lucia#6.02 deaths/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_net_migration_rate#saint_lucia#-4.62 migrant{s}/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_sex_ratio_at_birth#saint_lucia#1.07 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_under_15_years#saint_lucia#1.02 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_15-64_years#saint_lucia#0.98 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_65_years_and_over#saint_lucia#0.62 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_all_ages#saint_lucia#0.97 male{s}/female {1996 est.})
(people_infant_mortality_rate#saint_lucia#20 deaths/1,000 live births {1996 est.})
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_total_population#saint_lucia#70.09 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_male#saint_lucia#66.52 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_female#saint_lucia#73.91 years {1996 est.})
(people_total_fertility_rate#saint_lucia#2.31 children born/woman {1996 est.})
(people_nationality_noun#saint_lucia#Saint Lucian{s})
(people_nationality_adjective#saint_lucia#Saint Lucian)
(people_ethnic_divisions#saint_lucia#African descent 90.3%, mixed 5.5%, East Indian 3.2%, white 0.8%)
(people_religions#saint_lucia#Roman Catholic 90%, Protestant 7%, Anglican 3%)
(people_languages#saint_lucia#English {official}, French patois)
(people_literacy#saint_lucia#age 15 and over has ever attended school {1980 est.})
(people_literacy_total_population#saint_lucia#67%)
(people_literacy_male#saint_lucia#65%)
(people_literacy_female#saint_lucia#69%)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_long_form#saint_lucia#none)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_short_form#saint_lucia#Saint Lucia)
(government_data_code#saint_lucia#ST)
(government_type_of_government#saint_lucia#parliamentary democracy)
(government_capital#saint_lucia#Castries)
(government_administrative_divisions#saint_lucia#11 quarters; Anse La Raye, Castries, Choiseul, Dauphin, Dennery, Gros Islet, Laborie, Micoud, Praslin, Soufriere, Vieux Fort)
(government_independence#saint_lucia#22 February 1979 {from UK})
(government_national_holiday#saint_lucia#Independence Day, 22 February {1979})
(government_constitution#saint_lucia#22 February 1979)
(government_legal_system#saint_lucia#based on English common law)
(government_suffrage#saint_lucia#18 years of age; universal)
(government_executive_branch_chief_of_state#saint_lucia#Queen ELIZABETH II {since 6 February 1952}, a hereditary monarch, is represented by Governor General Sir Stanislaus Anthony JAMES {since 10 October 1988})
(government_executive_branch_head_of_government#saint_lucia#Prime Minister John George Melvin COMPTON {since 3 May 1982} was appointed by the governor general)
(government_executive_branch_cabinet#saint_lucia#Cabinet was appointed by the governor general on advice of the prime minister)
(government_legislative_branch#saint_lucia#bicameral Parliament)
(government_senate#saint_lucia#consists of an 11-member body, six appointed on the advice of the prime minister, three on the advice of the leader of the opposition, and two after consultation with religious, economic, and social groups)
(government_house_of_assembly#saint_lucia#elections last held 27 April 1992 {next to be held by April 1997}; results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - {17 total} UWP 11, SLP 6)
(government_judicial_branch#saint_lucia#Eastern Caribbean Supreme Court, jurisdiction extends to Anguilla, Antigua and Barbuda, the British Virgin Islands, Dominica, Grenada, Montserrat, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, and Saint Vincent and the Grenadines)
(government_political_parties_and_leaders#saint_lucia#United Workers' Party {UWP}, Vaughn LEWIS; Saint Lucia Labor Party {SLP}, Julian HUNTE; Progressive Labor Party {PLP}, Jon ODLUM; Citizen's Democratic Party {CDP} Calixte GEORGE)
(government_international_organization_participation#saint_lucia#ACCT {associate}, ACP, C, Caricom, CDB, ECLAC, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Intelsat {nonsignatory user}, Interpol, IOC, ISO {subscriber}, NAM, OAS, OECS, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNMIH, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTrO)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_chief_of_mission#saint_lucia#Ambassador Dr. Joseph Edsel EDMUNDS)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_chancery#saint_lucia#3216 New Mexico Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20016)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_telephone#saint_lucia#[1] {202} 364-6792 through 6795)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_fax#saint_lucia#[1] {202} 364-6728)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_consulate{s}_general#saint_lucia#New York)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation#saint_lucia#the US does not have an embassy in Saint Lucia; the Ambassador to Saint Lucia resides in Bridgetown {Barbados})
(government_flag#saint_lucia#blue with a gold isosceles triangle below a black arrowhead; the upper edges of the arrowhead have a white border)
(economy_economic_overview#saint_lucia#Though foreign investment in manufacturing and information processing in recent years has increased Saint Lucia's industrial base, the economy remains vulnerable due to its heavy dependence on banana production, which is subject to periodic droughts and tropical storms. Indeed, the destructive effect of Tropical Storm Iris in mid-1995 caused the loss of 20% of the year's banana crop. Increased competition from Latin American bananas will probably further reduce market prices, exacerbating Saint Lucia's need to diversify its economy in coming years, e.g., by expanding tourism, manufacturing, and construction.)
(economy_gdp#saint_lucia#purchasing power parity - $640 million {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_real_growth_rate#saint_lucia#2% {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_per_capita#saint_lucia#$4,080 {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_agriculture#saint_lucia#13.8%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_industry#saint_lucia#17.4%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_services#saint_lucia#68.8% {1992 est.})
(economy_inflation_rate_{consumer_prices}#saint_lucia#0.8% {1993})
(economy_labor_force#saint_lucia#43,800)
(economy_labor_force_by_occupation#saint_lucia#agriculture 43.4%, services 38.9%, industry and commerce 17.7% {1983 est.})
(economy_unemployment_rate#saint_lucia#25% {1993 est.})
(economy_budget_revenues#saint_lucia#$121 million)
(economy_budget_expenditures#saint_lucia#$127 million, including capital expenditures of $104 million {1992 est.})
(economy_industries#saint_lucia#clothing, assembly of electronic components, beverages, corrugated cardboard boxes, tourism, lime processing, coconut processing)
(economy_industrial_production_growth_rate#saint_lucia#3.5% {1990 est.})
(economy_electricity_capacity#saint_lucia#20,000 kW)
(economy_electricity_production#saint_lucia#112 million kWh)
(economy_electricity_consumption_per_capita#saint_lucia#693 kWh {1993})
(economy_agriculture#saint_lucia#bananas, coconuts, vegetables, citrus, root crops, cocoa)
(economy_illicit_drugs#saint_lucia#transit country for South American drugs destined for the US and Europe)
(economy_exports#saint_lucia#$122.8 million {f.o.b., 1992})
(economy_exports_commodities#saint_lucia#bananas 60%, clothing, cocoa, vegetables, fruits, coconut oil)
(economy_exports_partners#saint_lucia#UK 56%, US 22%, Caricom countries19% {1991})
(economy_imports#saint_lucia#$276 million {f.o.b., 1992})
(economy_imports_commodities#saint_lucia#manufactured goods 21%, machinery and transportation equipment 21%, food and live animals, chemicals, fuels)
(economy_imports_partners#saint_lucia#US 34%, Caricom countries 17%, UK 14%, Japan 7%, Canada 4% {1991})
(economy_external_debt#saint_lucia#$222.7 million {1995 est.})
(economy_economic_aid_recipient#saint_lucia#ODA, $NA)
(economy_currency#saint_lucia#1 EC dollar {EC$} = 100 cents)
(economy_exchange_rates#saint_lucia#East Caribbean dollars {EC$} per US$1 - 2.7000 {fixed rate since 1976})
(economy_fiscal_year#saint_lucia#1 April - 31 March)
(transportation_railways#saint_lucia#0 km)
(transportation_highways_total#saint_lucia#760 km)
(transportation_highways_paved#saint_lucia#500 km)
(transportation_highways_unpaved#saint_lucia#260 km)
(transportation_ports#saint_lucia#Castries, Vieux Fort)
(transportation_merchant_marine#saint_lucia#none)
(transportation_airports_total#saint_lucia#3)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_2,438_to_3,047_m#saint_lucia#1)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_1,524_to_2,437_m#saint_lucia#1)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_under_914_m#saint_lucia#1 {1995 est.})
(communications_telephones#saint_lucia#26,000 {1992 est.})
(communications_telephone_system_domestic#saint_lucia#system is automatically switched)
(communications_telephone_system_international#saint_lucia#direct microwave radio relay link with Martinique and Saint Vincent and the Grenadines; tropospheric scatter to Barbados; international calls beyond these countries are carried by Intelsat from Martinique)
(communications_radio_broadcast_stations#saint_lucia#AM 4, FM 1, shortwave 0)
(communications_radios#saint_lucia#104,000 {1992 est.})
(communications_television_broadcast_stations#saint_lucia#1 cable)
(communications_televisions#saint_lucia#26,000 {1992 est.})
(defense_branches#saint_lucia#Royal Saint Lucia Police Force, Coast Guard)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_age_15-49#saint_lucia#NA)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_fit_for_military_service#saint_lucia#NA)
(defense_defense_expenditures#saint_lucia#exchange rate conversion - $5.0 million, 2.0% of GDP {1991}; note - for police forces)
(header_affiliation#saint_pierre_and_miquelon#{territorial collectivity of France})
(geography_location#saint_pierre_and_miquelon#Northern North America, islands in the North Atlantic Ocean, south of Newfoundland {Canada})
(geography_geographic_coordinates#saint_pierre_and_miquelon#46 50 N, 56 20 E)
(geography_map_references#saint_pierre_and_miquelon#North America)
(geography_area_total_area#saint_pierre_and_miquelon#242 sq km)
(geography_area_land_area#saint_pierre_and_miquelon#242 sq km)
(geography_area_comparative_area#saint_pierre_and_miquelon#1.5 times the size of Washington, DC)
(geography_area_note#saint_pierre_and_miquelon#includes eight small islands in the Saint Pierre and the Miquelon groups)
(geography_land_boundaries#saint_pierre_and_miquelon#0 km)
(geography_coastline#saint_pierre_and_miquelon#120 km)
(geography_maritime_claims_exclusive_economic_zone#saint_pierre_and_miquelon#200 nm)
(geography_maritime_claims_territorial_sea#saint_pierre_and_miquelon#12 nm)
(geography_international_disputes#saint_pierre_and_miquelon#focus of maritime boundary dispute between Canada and France; in 1992 an arbitration panel awarded the islands an exclusive economic zone area of 12,348 sq km to settle the dispute)
(geography_climate#saint_pierre_and_miquelon#cold and wet, with much mist and fog; spring and autumn are windy)
(geography_terrain#saint_pierre_and_miquelon#mostly barren rock)
(geography_terrain_lowest_point#saint_pierre_and_miquelon#Atlantic Ocean 0 m)
(geography_terrain_highest_point#saint_pierre_and_miquelon#Morne de la Grande Montagne 240 m)
(geography_natural_resources#saint_pierre_and_miquelon#fish, deepwater ports)
(geography_land_use_arable_land#saint_pierre_and_miquelon#13%)
(geography_land_use_permanent_crops#saint_pierre_and_miquelon#0%)
(geography_land_use_meadows_and_pastures#saint_pierre_and_miquelon#0%)
(geography_land_use_forest_and_woodland#saint_pierre_and_miquelon#4%)
(geography_land_use_other#saint_pierre_and_miquelon#83%)
(geography_irrigated_land#saint_pierre_and_miquelon#NA sq km)
(geography_environment_current_issues#saint_pierre_and_miquelon#NA)
(geography_environment_natural_hazards#saint_pierre_and_miquelon#persistent fog throughout the year can be a maritime hazard)
(geography_environment_international_agreements#saint_pierre_and_miquelon#NA)
(geography_geographic_note#saint_pierre_and_miquelon#vegetation scanty)
(people_population#saint_pierre_and_miquelon#6,809 {July 1996 est.})
(people_age_structure_0-14_years#saint_pierre_and_miquelon#NA)
(people_age_structure_15-64_years#saint_pierre_and_miquelon#NA)
(people_age_structure_65_years_and_over#saint_pierre_and_miquelon#NA)
(people_population_growth_rate#saint_pierre_and_miquelon#0.77% {1996 est.})
(people_birth_rate#saint_pierre_and_miquelon#12.82 births/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_death_rate#saint_pierre_and_miquelon#5.7 deaths/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_net_migration_rate#saint_pierre_and_miquelon#0.59 migrant{s}/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_sex_ratio_at_birth#saint_pierre_and_miquelon#NA male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_under_15_years#saint_pierre_and_miquelon#NA male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_15-64_years#saint_pierre_and_miquelon#NA male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_65_years_and_over#saint_pierre_and_miquelon#NA male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_all_ages#saint_pierre_and_miquelon#NA male{s}/female)
(people_infant_mortality_rate#saint_pierre_and_miquelon#9.95 deaths/1,000 live births {1996 est.})
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_total_population#saint_pierre_and_miquelon#76.34 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_male#saint_pierre_and_miquelon#74.76 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_female#saint_pierre_and_miquelon#78.25 years {1996 est.})
(people_total_fertility_rate#saint_pierre_and_miquelon#1.65 children born/woman {1996 est.})
(people_nationality_noun#saint_pierre_and_miquelon#Frenchman{men}, Frenchwoman{women})
(people_nationality_adjective#saint_pierre_and_miquelon#French)
(people_ethnic_divisions#saint_pierre_and_miquelon#Basques and Bretons {French fishermen})
(people_religions#saint_pierre_and_miquelon#Roman Catholic 99%)
(people_languages#saint_pierre_and_miquelon#French)
(people_literacy#saint_pierre_and_miquelon#age 15 and over can read and write {1982 est.})
(people_literacy_total_population#saint_pierre_and_miquelon#99%)
(people_literacy_male#saint_pierre_and_miquelon#99%)
(people_literacy_female#saint_pierre_and_miquelon#99%)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_long_form#saint_pierre_and_miquelon#Territorial Collectivity of Saint Pierre and Miquelon)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_short_form#saint_pierre_and_miquelon#Saint Pierre and Miquelon)
(government_name_of_country_local_long_form#saint_pierre_and_miquelon#Departement de Saint-Pierre et Miquelon)
(government_name_of_country_local_short_form#saint_pierre_and_miquelon#Saint-Pierre et Miquelon)
(government_data_code#saint_pierre_and_miquelon#SB)
(government_type_of_government#saint_pierre_and_miquelon#territorial collectivity of France)
(government_capital#saint_pierre_and_miquelon#Saint-Pierre)
(government_administrative_divisions#saint_pierre_and_miquelon#none {territorial collectivity of France})
(government_independence#saint_pierre_and_miquelon#none {territorial collectivity of France; has been under French control since 1763})
(government_national_holiday#saint_pierre_and_miquelon#National Day, Taking of the Bastille, 14 July)
(government_constitution#saint_pierre_and_miquelon#28 September 1958 {French Constitution})
(government_legal_system#saint_pierre_and_miquelon#French law)
(government_suffrage#saint_pierre_and_miquelon#18 years of age; universal)
(government_executive_branch_chief_of_state#saint_pierre_and_miquelon#President {of France} Jacques CHIRAC {since 17 May 1995} represented by Prefect Rene MAURICE {since NA} who was appointed by the French Ministry of the Interior)
(government_executive_branch_head_of_government#saint_pierre_and_miquelon#President of the General Council Gerard GRIGNON {since NA})
(government_legislative_branch#saint_pierre_and_miquelon#unicameral)
(government_general_council#saint_pierre_and_miquelon#elections last held NA April 1994 {next to be held NA April 2000}; results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - {19 total, 15 from Saint Pierre, 4 from Miquelon} Socialist Party {PS} holds majority of seats)
(government_french_senate#saint_pierre_and_miquelon#elections last held NA September 1995 {next to be held NA September 2004}; results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - {1 total} RPR 1)
(government_french_national_assembly#saint_pierre_and_miquelon#elections last held 21 and 28 March 1993 {next to be held NA June 1998}; results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - {1 total} UDF 1)
(government_judicial_branch#saint_pierre_and_miquelon#Superior Tribunal of Appeals {Tribunal Superieur d'Appel})
(government_political_parties_and_leaders#saint_pierre_and_miquelon#Socialist Party {PS}; Rassemblement pour la Republique {RPR}; Union pour la Democratie Francaise {UDF})
(government_international_organization_participation#saint_pierre_and_miquelon#FZ, WFTU)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us#saint_pierre_and_miquelon#none {territorial collectivity of France})
(government_us_diplomatic_representation#saint_pierre_and_miquelon#none {territorial collectivity of France})
(government_flag#saint_pierre_and_miquelon#a yellow sailing ship rides on a dark blue background with a black wave line under the ship; on the hoist side, a vertical band is divided into three parts: the top part is red with a green diagonal cross extending to the corners overlaid by a white cross dividing the square into four sections; the middle part has a white background with an ermine pattern; the third part has a red background with two stylized yellow lions outlined in black, one on top of the other; the flag of France is used for official occasions)
(economy_economic_overview#saint_pierre_and_miquelon#The inhabitants have traditionally earned their livelihood by fishing and by servicing fishing fleets operating off the coast of Newfoundland. The economy has been declining, however, because the number of ships stopping at Saint Pierre has dropped steadily over the years. In 1992, an arbitration panel awarded the islands an exclusive economic zone of 12,348 sq km to settle a longstanding territorial dispute with Canada, although it represents only 25% of what France had sought. The islands are heavily subsidized by France. Imports come primarily from Canada and France.)
(economy_gdp#saint_pierre_and_miquelon#purchasing power parity - $68 million {1994 est.})
(economy_gdp_real_growth_rate#saint_pierre_and_miquelon#NA%)
(economy_gdp_per_capita#saint_pierre_and_miquelon#$10,000 {1994 est.})
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_agriculture#saint_pierre_and_miquelon#NA%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_industry#saint_pierre_and_miquelon#NA%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_services#saint_pierre_and_miquelon#NA%)
(economy_inflation_rate_{consumer_prices}#saint_pierre_and_miquelon#NA%)
(economy_labor_force#saint_pierre_and_miquelon#2,980 {1994})
(economy_labor_force_by_occupation#saint_pierre_and_miquelon#NA)
(economy_unemployment_rate#saint_pierre_and_miquelon#9.6% {1994})
(economy_budget_revenues#saint_pierre_and_miquelon#$28 million)
(economy_budget_expenditures#saint_pierre_and_miquelon#$28 million, including capital expenditures of $7.8 million {1992 est.})
(economy_industries#saint_pierre_and_miquelon#fish processing and supply base for fishing fleets; tourism)
(economy_industrial_production_growth_rate#saint_pierre_and_miquelon#NA%)
(economy_electricity_capacity#saint_pierre_and_miquelon#10,000 kW)
(economy_electricity_production#saint_pierre_and_miquelon#50 million kWh)
(economy_electricity_consumption_per_capita#saint_pierre_and_miquelon#6,013 kWh {1993})
(economy_agriculture#saint_pierre_and_miquelon#vegetables; cattle, sheep, pigs; fish catch of 20,500 metric tons {1989})
(economy_exports#saint_pierre_and_miquelon#$13.74 million {f.o.b., 1994})
(economy_exports_commodities#saint_pierre_and_miquelon#fish and fish products, fox and mink pelts)
(economy_exports_partners#saint_pierre_and_miquelon#US 58%, France 17%, UK 11%, Canada, Portugal {1990})
(economy_imports#saint_pierre_and_miquelon#$42 million {c.i.f., 1994})
(economy_imports_commodities#saint_pierre_and_miquelon#meat, clothing, fuel, electrical equipment, machinery, building materials)
(economy_imports_partners#saint_pierre_and_miquelon#Canada, France, US, Netherlands, UK)
(economy_external_debt#saint_pierre_and_miquelon#$NA)
(economy_economic_aid_recipient#saint_pierre_and_miquelon#ODA, $NA)
(economy_currency#saint_pierre_and_miquelon#1 French franc {F} = 100 centimes)
(economy_exchange_rates#saint_pierre_and_miquelon#French francs {F} per US$1 - 5.0056 {January 1996}, 4.9915 {1995}, 5.520 {1994}, 5.6632 {1993}, 5.2938 {1992}, 5.6421 {1991})
(economy_fiscal_year#saint_pierre_and_miquelon#calendar year)
(transportation_railways#saint_pierre_and_miquelon#0 km)
(transportation_highways_total#saint_pierre_and_miquelon#120 km)
(transportation_highways_paved#saint_pierre_and_miquelon#60 km)
(transportation_highways_unpaved#saint_pierre_and_miquelon#60 km {1985 est.})
(transportation_ports#saint_pierre_and_miquelon#Saint Pierre)
(transportation_merchant_marine#saint_pierre_and_miquelon#none)
(transportation_airports_total#saint_pierre_and_miquelon#2)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_914_to_1,523_m#saint_pierre_and_miquelon#2)
(transportation_airports_note#saint_pierre_and_miquelon#new airport to open June 1996 {1995 est.})
(communications_telephones#saint_pierre_and_miquelon#3,300 {1992 est.})
(communications_telephone_system_domestic#saint_pierre_and_miquelon#NA)
(communications_telephone_system_international#saint_pierre_and_miquelon#radiotelephone communication with most countries in the world; 1 earth station in French domestic satellite system)
(communications_radio_broadcast_stations#saint_pierre_and_miquelon#AM 1, FM 3, shortwave 0)
(communications_radios#saint_pierre_and_miquelon#6,300 {1990 est.})
(communications_television_broadcast_stations#saint_pierre_and_miquelon#0)
(communications_televisions#saint_pierre_and_miquelon#2,000 {1992 est.})
(defense_defense_note#saint_pierre_and_miquelon#defense is the responsibility of France)
(geography_location#saint_vincent_and_the_grenadines#Caribbean, islands in the Caribbean Sea, north of Trinidad and Tobago)
(geography_geographic_coordinates#saint_vincent_and_the_grenadines#13 15 N, 61 12 W)
(geography_map_references#saint_vincent_and_the_grenadines#Central America and the Caribbean)
(geography_area_total_area#saint_vincent_and_the_grenadines#340 sq km)
(geography_area_land_area#saint_vincent_and_the_grenadines#340 sq km)
(geography_area_comparative_area#saint_vincent_and_the_grenadines#twice the size of Washington, DC)
(geography_land_boundaries#saint_vincent_and_the_grenadines#0 km)
(geography_coastline#saint_vincent_and_the_grenadines#84 km)
(geography_maritime_claims_contiguous_zone#saint_vincent_and_the_grenadines#24 nm)
(geography_maritime_claims_continental_shelf#saint_vincent_and_the_grenadines#200 nm)
(geography_maritime_claims_exclusive_economic_zone#saint_vincent_and_the_grenadines#200 nm)
(geography_maritime_claims_territorial_sea#saint_vincent_and_the_grenadines#12 nm)
(geography_international_disputes#saint_vincent_and_the_grenadines#none)
(geography_climate#saint_vincent_and_the_grenadines#tropical; little seasonal temperature variation; rainy season {May to November})
(geography_terrain#saint_vincent_and_the_grenadines#volcanic, mountainous)
(geography_terrain_lowest_point#saint_vincent_and_the_grenadines#Caribbean Sea 0 m)
(geography_terrain_highest_point#saint_vincent_and_the_grenadines#Soufriere 1,234 m)
(geography_natural_resources#saint_vincent_and_the_grenadines#NEGL)
(geography_land_use_arable_land#saint_vincent_and_the_grenadines#38%)
(geography_land_use_permanent_crops#saint_vincent_and_the_grenadines#12%)
(geography_land_use_meadows_and_pastures#saint_vincent_and_the_grenadines#6%)
(geography_land_use_forest_and_woodland#saint_vincent_and_the_grenadines#41%)
(geography_land_use_other#saint_vincent_and_the_grenadines#3%)
(geography_irrigated_land#saint_vincent_and_the_grenadines#10 sq km {1989 est.})
(geography_environment_current_issues#saint_vincent_and_the_grenadines#pollution of coastal waters and shorelines from discharges by pleasure yachts and other effluents; in some areas pollution is severe enough to make swimming prohibitive)
(geography_environment_natural_hazards#saint_vincent_and_the_grenadines#hurricanes; Soufriere volcano on the island of Saint Vincent is a constant threat)
(geography_environment_international_agreements#saint_vincent_and_the_grenadines#party to - Endangered Species, Law of the Sea, Ship Pollution, Whaling; signed, but not ratified - Desertification)
(geography_geographic_note#saint_vincent_and_the_grenadines#the administration of the islands of the Grenadines group is divided between Saint Vincent and the Grenadines and Grenada)
(people_population#saint_vincent_and_the_grenadines#118,344 {July 1996 est.})
(people_age_structure_0-14_years#saint_vincent_and_the_grenadines#33% {male 19,742; female 19,106})
(people_age_structure_15-64_years#saint_vincent_and_the_grenadines#62% {male 36,576; female 36,381})
(people_age_structure_65_years_and_over#saint_vincent_and_the_grenadines#5% {male 2,702; female 3,837} {July 1996 est.})
(people_population_growth_rate#saint_vincent_and_the_grenadines#0.64% {1996 est.})
(people_birth_rate#saint_vincent_and_the_grenadines#19.36 births/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_death_rate#saint_vincent_and_the_grenadines#5.4 deaths/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_net_migration_rate#saint_vincent_and_the_grenadines#-7.56 migrant{s}/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_sex_ratio_at_birth#saint_vincent_and_the_grenadines#1.03 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_under_15_years#saint_vincent_and_the_grenadines#1.03 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_15-64_years#saint_vincent_and_the_grenadines#1 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_65_years_and_over#saint_vincent_and_the_grenadines#0.7 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_all_ages#saint_vincent_and_the_grenadines#1 male{s}/female {1996 est.})
(people_infant_mortality_rate#saint_vincent_and_the_grenadines#16.8 deaths/1,000 live births {1996 est.})
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_total_population#saint_vincent_and_the_grenadines#72.94 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_male#saint_vincent_and_the_grenadines#71.43 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_female#saint_vincent_and_the_grenadines#74.49 years {1996 est.})
(people_total_fertility_rate#saint_vincent_and_the_grenadines#2.04 children born/woman {1996 est.})
(people_nationality_noun#saint_vincent_and_the_grenadines#Saint Vincentian{s} or Vincentian{s})
(people_nationality_adjective#saint_vincent_and_the_grenadines#Saint Vincentian or Vincentian)
(people_ethnic_divisions#saint_vincent_and_the_grenadines#African descent, white, East Indian, Carib Indian)
(people_religions#saint_vincent_and_the_grenadines#Anglican, Methodist, Roman Catholic, Seventh-Day Adventist)
(people_languages#saint_vincent_and_the_grenadines#English, French patois)
(people_literacy#saint_vincent_and_the_grenadines#age 15 and over has ever attended school {1970 est.})
(people_literacy_total_population#saint_vincent_and_the_grenadines#96%)
(people_literacy_male#saint_vincent_and_the_grenadines#96%)
(people_literacy_female#saint_vincent_and_the_grenadines#96%)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_long_form#saint_vincent_and_the_grenadines#none)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_short_form#saint_vincent_and_the_grenadines#Saint Vincent and the Grenadines)
(government_data_code#saint_vincent_and_the_grenadines#VC)
(government_type_of_government#saint_vincent_and_the_grenadines#constitutional monarchy)
(government_capital#saint_vincent_and_the_grenadines#Kingstown)
(government_administrative_divisions#saint_vincent_and_the_grenadines#6 parishes; Charlotte, Grenadines, Saint Andrew, Saint David, Saint George, Saint Patrick)
(government_independence#saint_vincent_and_the_grenadines#27 October 1979 {from UK})
(government_national_holiday#saint_vincent_and_the_grenadines#Independence Day, 27 October {1979})
(government_constitution#saint_vincent_and_the_grenadines#27 October 1979)
(government_legal_system#saint_vincent_and_the_grenadines#based on English common law)
(government_suffrage#saint_vincent_and_the_grenadines#18 years of age; universal)
(government_executive_branch_chief_of_state#saint_vincent_and_the_grenadines#Queen ELIZABETH II {since 6 February 1952}, a hereditary monarch, represented by Governor General David JACK {since 29 September 1989})
(government_executive_branch_head_of_government#saint_vincent_and_the_grenadines#Prime Minister James F. MITCHELL {since 30 July 1984}; the governor general appoints the leader of the majority party to the position of prime minister; Deputy Prime Minister Carlyle DOUGAN {since 17 September 1995} was appointed by the governor general on the advice of the prime minister)
(government_executive_branch_cabinet#saint_vincent_and_the_grenadines#Cabinet was appointed by the governor general on the advice of the prime minister)
(government_legislative_branch#saint_vincent_and_the_grenadines#unicameral)
(government_house_of_assembly#saint_vincent_and_the_grenadines#elections last held 21 February 1994 {next to be held NA July 1999}; results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - {21 total, 15 elected representatives and 6 appointed senators} NDP 12, ULP 3)
(government_judicial_branch#saint_vincent_and_the_grenadines#Eastern Caribbean Supreme Court {based on Saint Lucia})
(government_political_parties_and_leaders#saint_vincent_and_the_grenadines#New Democratic Party {NDP}, James F. MITCHELL; United People's Movement {UPM}, Adrian SAUNDERS; National Reform Party {NRP}, Joel MIGUEL; Unity Labor Party {ULP},Vincent BEACHE - formed by the coalition of Saint Vincent Labor Party {SVLP} and the Movement for National Unity {MNU})
(government_international_organization_participation#saint_vincent_and_the_grenadines#ACP, C, Caricom, CDB, ECLAC, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Intelsat {nonsignatory user}, Interpol, IOC, ITU, OAS, OECS, OPANAL, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WTrO)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_chief_of_mission#saint_vincent_and_the_grenadines#Ambassador Kingsley C.A. LAYNE)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_chancery#saint_vincent_and_the_grenadines#1717 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Suite 102, Washington, DC 20036)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_telephone#saint_vincent_and_the_grenadines#[1] {202} 462-7806, 7846)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_fax#saint_vincent_and_the_grenadines#[1] {202} 462-7807)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation#saint_vincent_and_the_grenadines#the US does not have an embassy in Saint Vincent and the Grenadines; the Ambassador to Saint Vincent and the Grenadines resides in Bridgetown {Barbados})
(government_flag#saint_vincent_and_the_grenadines#three vertical bands of blue {hoist side}, gold {double width}, and green; the gold band bears three green diamonds arranged in a V pattern)
(economy_economic_overview#saint_vincent_and_the_grenadines#Agriculture, dominated by banana production, is the most important sector of the economy. The services sector, based mostly on a growing tourist industry, is also important. The government has been relatively unsuccessful at introducing new industries, and high unemployment rates of 35%-40% continue. The continuing dependence on a single crop represents the biggest obstacle to the islands' development; tropical storms wiped out substantial portions of crops in both 1994 and 1995.)
(economy_gdp#saint_vincent_and_the_grenadines#purchasing power parity - $240 million {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_real_growth_rate#saint_vincent_and_the_grenadines#0.4% {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_per_capita#saint_vincent_and_the_grenadines#$2,060 {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_agriculture#saint_vincent_and_the_grenadines#24%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_industry#saint_vincent_and_the_grenadines#33.1%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_services#saint_vincent_and_the_grenadines#42.9% {1994 est.})
(economy_inflation_rate_{consumer_prices}#saint_vincent_and_the_grenadines#-0.2% {1995})
(economy_labor_force#saint_vincent_and_the_grenadines#67,000 {1984 est.})
(economy_labor_force_by_occupation#saint_vincent_and_the_grenadines#agriculture, industry, services, other {1980 est.})
(economy_unemployment_rate#saint_vincent_and_the_grenadines#35%-40% {1994 est.})
(economy_budget_revenues#saint_vincent_and_the_grenadines#$80 million)
(economy_budget_expenditures#saint_vincent_and_the_grenadines#$118 million, including capital expenditures of $39 million {1996 est.})
(economy_industries#saint_vincent_and_the_grenadines#food processing, cement, furniture, clothing, starch)
(economy_industrial_production_growth_rate#saint_vincent_and_the_grenadines#NA%)
(economy_electricity_capacity#saint_vincent_and_the_grenadines#16,600 kW)
(economy_electricity_production#saint_vincent_and_the_grenadines#50 million kWh)
(economy_electricity_consumption_per_capita#saint_vincent_and_the_grenadines#436 kWh {1993})
(economy_agriculture#saint_vincent_and_the_grenadines#bananas, coconuts, sweet potatoes, spices; small numbers of cattle, sheep, pigs, goats; small fish catch used locally)
(economy_illicit_drugs#saint_vincent_and_the_grenadines#transshipment point for South American drugs destined for the US and Europe)
(economy_exports#saint_vincent_and_the_grenadines#$57.1 million {f.o.b., 1993})
(economy_exports_commodities#saint_vincent_and_the_grenadines#bananas, eddoes and dasheen {taro}, arrowroot starch, tennis racquets)
(economy_exports_partners#saint_vincent_and_the_grenadines#UK 54%, Caricom countries 34%, US 10%)
(economy_imports#saint_vincent_and_the_grenadines#$134.6 million {f.o.b., 1993})
(economy_imports_commodities#saint_vincent_and_the_grenadines#foodstuffs, machinery and equipment, chemicals and fertilizers, minerals and fuels)
(economy_imports_partners#saint_vincent_and_the_grenadines#US 36%, Caricom countries 21%, UK 18%, Trinidad and Tobago 13%)
(economy_external_debt#saint_vincent_and_the_grenadines#$74.9 million {1993})
(economy_economic_aid_recipient#saint_vincent_and_the_grenadines#ODA, $NA)
(economy_currency#saint_vincent_and_the_grenadines#1 EC dollar {EC$} = 100 cents)
(economy_exchange_rates#saint_vincent_and_the_grenadines#East Caribbean dollars {EC$} per US$1 - 2.7000 {fixed rate since 1976})
(economy_fiscal_year#saint_vincent_and_the_grenadines#calendar year)
(transportation_railways#saint_vincent_and_the_grenadines#0 km)
(transportation_highways_total#saint_vincent_and_the_grenadines#1,100 km)
(transportation_highways_paved#saint_vincent_and_the_grenadines#330 km)
(transportation_highways_unpaved#saint_vincent_and_the_grenadines#770 km)
(transportation_ports#saint_vincent_and_the_grenadines#Kingstown)
(transportation_merchant_marine_total#saint_vincent_and_the_grenadines#611 ships {1,000 GRT or over} totaling 5,690,104 GRT/9,367,014 DWT)
(transportation_merchant_marine_ships_by_type#saint_vincent_and_the_grenadines#bulk 106, cargo 305, chemical tanker 20, combination bulk 9, combination ore/oil 4, container 33, liquefied gas tanker 4, livestock carrier 5, oil tanker 58, passenger 1, passenger-cargo 1, refrigerated cargo 35, roll-on/roll-off cargo 25, short-sea passenger 2, specialized tanker 1, vehicle carrier 2)
(transportation_merchant_marine_note#saint_vincent_and_the_grenadines#a flag of convenience registry; includes ships from 24 countries among which are Croatia 42, Russia 14, Slovenia 9, China 9, Germany 2, Serbia 2, Hong Kong 2, Latvia 1, Ukraine 1, and Poland 1 {1995 est.})
(transportation_airports_total#saint_vincent_and_the_grenadines#6)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_914_to_1,523_m#saint_vincent_and_the_grenadines#2)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_under_914_m#saint_vincent_and_the_grenadines#4 {1995 est.})
(communications_telephones#saint_vincent_and_the_grenadines#6,189 {1983 est.})
(communications_telephone_system_domestic#saint_vincent_and_the_grenadines#islandwide, fully automatic telephone system; VHF/UHF radiotelephone from Saint Vincent to the other islands of the Grenadines)
(communications_telephone_system_international#saint_vincent_and_the_grenadines#VHF/UHF radiotelephone from Saint Vincent to Barbados; new SHF radiotelephone to Grenada and to Saint Lucia; access to Intelsat earth station in Martinique through Saint Lucia)
(communications_radio_broadcast_stations#saint_vincent_and_the_grenadines#AM 2, FM 0, shortwave 0)
(communications_radios#saint_vincent_and_the_grenadines#76,000 {1992 est.})
(communications_television_broadcast_stations#saint_vincent_and_the_grenadines#1 cable)
(communications_televisions#saint_vincent_and_the_grenadines#20,600 {1992 est.})
(defense_branches#saint_vincent_and_the_grenadines#Royal Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Police Force, Coast Guard)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_age_15-49#saint_vincent_and_the_grenadines#NA)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_fit_for_military_service#saint_vincent_and_the_grenadines#NA)
(defense_defense_expenditures#saint_vincent_and_the_grenadines#$NA, NA% of GDP)
(geography_location#san_marino#Southern Europe, an enclave in central Italy)
(geography_geographic_coordinates#san_marino#43 46 N, 12 25 E)
(geography_map_references#san_marino#Europe)
(geography_area_total_area#san_marino#60 sq km)
(geography_area_land_area#san_marino#60 sq km)
(geography_area_comparative_area#san_marino#about 0.3 times the size of Washington, DC)
(geography_land_boundaries_total#san_marino#39 km)
(geography_land_boundaries_border_country#san_marino#Italy 39 km)
(geography_coastline#san_marino#0 km {landlocked})
(geography_maritime_claims#san_marino#none {landlocked})
(geography_international_disputes#san_marino#none)
(geography_climate#san_marino#Mediterranean; mild to cool winters; warm, sunny summers)
(geography_terrain#san_marino#rugged mountains)
(geography_terrain_lowest_point#san_marino#Fiume Ausa 55 m)
(geography_terrain_highest_point#san_marino#Monte Titano 749 m)
(geography_natural_resources#san_marino#building stone)
(geography_land_use_arable_land#san_marino#17%)
(geography_land_use_permanent_crops#san_marino#0%)
(geography_land_use_meadows_and_pastures#san_marino#0%)
(geography_land_use_forest_and_woodland#san_marino#0%)
(geography_land_use_other#san_marino#83%)
(geography_irrigated_land#san_marino#NA sq km)
(geography_environment_current_issues#san_marino#NA)
(geography_environment_natural_hazards#san_marino#NA)
(geography_environment_international_agreements#san_marino#party to - Biodiversity, Climate Change, Nuclear Test Ban; signed, but not ratified - Air Pollution)
(geography_geographic_note#san_marino#landlocked; smallest independent state in Europe after the Holy See and Monaco; dominated by the Apennines)
(people_population#san_marino#24,521 {July 1996 est.})
(people_age_structure_0-14_years#san_marino#16% {male 1,978; female 1,967})
(people_age_structure_15-64_years#san_marino#68% {male 8,401; female 8,249})
(people_age_structure_65_years_and_over#san_marino#16% {male 1,648; female 2,278} {July 1996 est.})
(people_population_growth_rate#san_marino#0.82% {1996 est.})
(people_birth_rate#san_marino#10.81 births/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_death_rate#san_marino#7.79 deaths/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_net_migration_rate#san_marino#5.14 migrant{s}/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_sex_ratio_at_birth#san_marino#1 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_under_15_years#san_marino#1.01 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_15-64_years#san_marino#1.02 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_65_years_and_over#san_marino#0.72 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_all_ages#san_marino#0.96 male{s}/female {1996 est.})
(people_infant_mortality_rate#san_marino#5.5 deaths/1,000 live births {1996 est.})
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_total_population#san_marino#81.32 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_male#san_marino#77.34 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_female#san_marino#85.3 years {1996 est.})
(people_total_fertility_rate#san_marino#1.52 children born/woman {1996 est.})
(people_nationality_noun#san_marino#Sammarinese {singular and plural})
(people_nationality_adjective#san_marino#Sammarinese)
(people_ethnic_divisions#san_marino#Sammarinese, Italian)
(people_religions#san_marino#Roman Catholic)
(people_languages#san_marino#Italian)
(people_literacy#san_marino#age 10 and over can read and write {1976 est.})
(people_literacy_total_population#san_marino#96%)
(people_literacy_male#san_marino#97%)
(people_literacy_female#san_marino#95%)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_long_form#san_marino#Republic of San Marino)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_short_form#san_marino#San Marino)
(government_name_of_country_local_long_form#san_marino#Repubblica di San Marino)
(government_name_of_country_local_short_form#san_marino#San Marino)
(government_data_code#san_marino#SM)
(government_type_of_government#san_marino#republic)
(government_capital#san_marino#San Marino)
(government_administrative_divisions#san_marino#9 municipalities {castelli, singular - castello}; Acquaviva, Borgo Maggiore, Chiesanuova, Domagnano, Faetano, Fiorentino, Monte Giardino, San Marino, Serravalle)
(government_independence#san_marino#301 AD {by tradition})
(government_national_holiday#san_marino#Anniversary of the Foundation of the Republic, 3 September)
(government_constitution#san_marino#8 October 1600; electoral law of 1926 serves some of the functions of a constitution)
(government_legal_system#san_marino#based on civil law system with Italian law influences; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction)
(government_suffrage#san_marino#18 years of age; universal)
(government_executive_branch_co-chiefs_of_state#san_marino#Captain Regent Piero Paolo GASPERONI and Captain Regent Pietro BUGLI {for the period 1 April-30 September 1996} were elected by the Great and General Council for a six-month term)
(government_executive_branch_head_of_government#san_marino#Secretary of State for Foreign and Political Affairs Gabriele GATTI {since NA July 1986} was elected for a five-year term by the Great and General Council; election last held NA 1993 {next to be held NA 1998})
(government_executive_branch_cabinet#san_marino#Congress of State was elected for a five-year term by the Great and General Council)
(government_executive_branch_note#san_marino#the popularly elected parliament {Great and General Council} selects two of its members to serve as the Captains Regent {Co-Chiefs of State} for a six-month period; they preside over meetings of the Great and General Council and its cabinet {Congress of State} which has ten other members, all selected by the Great and General Council; assisting the Captains Regent are three Secretaries of State - Foreign Affairs, Internal Affairs, and Finance - and several additional secretaries; the Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs has assumed many of the prerogatives of a prime minister)
(government_legislative_branch#san_marino#unicameral)
(government_great_and_general_council#san_marino#{Consiglio Grande e Generale} elections last held 30 May 1993 {next to be held by NA May 1998}; results - PDCS 41.4%, PSS 23.7%, PDP 18.6%, AP 7.7%, MD 5.3%, RC 3.3%; seats - {60 total} PDCS 26, PSS 14, PDP 11, AP 4, MD 3, RC 2)
(government_judicial_branch#san_marino#Council of Twelve {Consiglio dei XII})
(government_political_parties_and_leaders#san_marino#Christian Democratic Party {PDCS}, Cesare GASPERONI, secretary general; Democratic Progressive Party {PDP - formerly San Marino Communist Party {PSS}}, Stefano MACINA, secretary general; San Marino Socialist Party {PSS}, Maurizio RATTINI, secretary general; Democratic Movement {MD}, Massimo TONTI; Popular Alliance {AP}, Tito MASI; Communist Refoundation {RC}, Paolo GIOVAGNOLI)
(government_international_organization_participation#san_marino#CE, ECE, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IOC, IOM {observer}, ITU, NAM {guest}, OSCE, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WToO)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us#san_marino#San Marino does not have an embassy in the US)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_honorary_consulate{s}_general#san_marino#Washington and New York)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_honorary_consulate{s}#san_marino#Detroit)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation#san_marino#the US does not have an embassy in San Marino; the US Consul General in Florence {Italy} is accredited to San Marino)
(government_flag#san_marino#two equal horizontal bands of white {top} and light blue with the national coat of arms superimposed in the center; the coat of arms has a shield {featuring three towers on three peaks} flanked by a wreath, below a crown and above a scroll bearing the word LIBERTAS {Liberty})
(economy_economic_overview#san_marino#The tourist sector contributes over 50% of GDP. In 1993 more than 3 million tourists visited San Marino. The key industries are banking, wearing apparel, electronics, and ceramics. Main agricultural products are wine and cheeses. The per capita level of output and standard of living are comparable to those of Italy, which supplies much of its food.)
(economy_gdp#san_marino#purchasing power parity - $380 million {1993 est.})
(economy_gdp_real_growth_rate#san_marino#2.4% {1993 est.})
(economy_gdp_per_capita#san_marino#$15,800 {1993 est.})
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_agriculture#san_marino#NA%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_industry#san_marino#NA%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_services#san_marino#NA%)
(economy_inflation_rate_{consumer_prices}#san_marino#5.5% {1993})
(economy_labor_force#san_marino#14,874 {1993 est.})
(economy_labor_force_by_occupation#san_marino#industry 40%, agriculture 2%)
(economy_unemployment_rate#san_marino#4.9% {December 1993})
(economy_budget_revenues#san_marino#$320 million)
(economy_budget_expenditures#san_marino#$320 million, including capital expenditures of $NA {1995 est.})
(economy_industries#san_marino#tourism, textiles, electronics, ceramics, cement, wine)
(economy_industrial_production_growth_rate#san_marino#NA%)
(economy_electricity#san_marino#supplied by Italy)
(economy_agriculture#san_marino#wheat, grapes, maize, olives; cattle, pigs, horses, meat, cheese, hides)
(economy_exports#san_marino#trade data are included with the statistics for Italy; commodities: building stone, lime, wood, chestnuts, wheat, wine, baked goods, hides, and ceramics)
(economy_imports#san_marino#trade data are included with the statistics for Italy; commodities: wide variety of consumer manufactures, food)
(economy_external_debt#san_marino#$NA)
(economy_economic_aid_recipient#san_marino#ODA, $NA)
(economy_currency#san_marino#1 Italian lire {Lit} = 100 centesimi; note - also mints its own coins)
(economy_exchange_rates#san_marino#Italian lire {Lit} per US$1 - 1,583.8 {January 1996}, 1,629.2 {1995}, 1,612.4 {1994}, 1,573.7 {1993}, 1,232.4 {1992}, 1,240.6 {1991})
(economy_fiscal_year#san_marino#calendar year)
(transportation_railways#san_marino#0 km; note - there is a 1.5 km cable railway connecting the city of San Marino to Borgo Maggiore)
(transportation_highways_total#san_marino#220 km)
(transportation_highways_paved#san_marino#NA km)
(transportation_highways_unpaved#san_marino#NA km)
(transportation_ports#san_marino#none)
(transportation_airports#san_marino#none)
(communications_telephones#san_marino#22,300 {1992 est.})
(communications_telephone_system_domestic#san_marino#automatic telephone system completely integrated into Italian system)
(communications_telephone_system_international#san_marino#microwave radio relay and cable connections to Italian network; no satellite earth stations)
(communications_radio_broadcast_stations#san_marino#AM NA, FM NA, shortwave NA {1 private radio broadcast station})
(communications_radios#san_marino#12,535 {1991 est.})
(communications_television_broadcast_stations#san_marino#1 {1991 est.})
(communications_television_broadcast_stations_note#san_marino#receives broadcasts from Italy)
(communications_televisions#san_marino#7,500 {1992 est.})
(defense_branches#san_marino#Voluntary Military Force, Police Force)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_age_15-49#san_marino#NA)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_fit_for_military_service#san_marino#NA)
(defense_defense_expenditures#san_marino#$3.7 million {1% of GDP} {1992 est.})
(geography_location#sao_tome_and_principe#Western Africa, island in the Atlantic Ocean, straddling the Equator, west of Gabon)
(geography_geographic_coordinates#sao_tome_and_principe#1 00 N, 7 00 E)
(geography_map_references#sao_tome_and_principe#Africa)
(geography_area_total_area#sao_tome_and_principe#960 sq km)
(geography_area_land_area#sao_tome_and_principe#960 sq km)
(geography_area_comparative_area#sao_tome_and_principe#more than five times the size of Washington, DC)
(geography_land_boundaries#sao_tome_and_principe#0 km)
(geography_coastline#sao_tome_and_principe#209 km)
(geography_maritime_claims#sao_tome_and_principe#measured from claimed archipelagic baselines)
(geography_maritime_claims_exclusive_economic_zone#sao_tome_and_principe#200 nm)
(geography_maritime_claims_territorial_sea#sao_tome_and_principe#12 nm)
(geography_international_disputes#sao_tome_and_principe#none)
(geography_climate#sao_tome_and_principe#tropical; hot, humid; one rainy season {October to May})
(geography_terrain#sao_tome_and_principe#volcanic, mountainous)
(geography_terrain_lowest_point#sao_tome_and_principe#Atlantic Ocean 0 m)
(geography_terrain_highest_point#sao_tome_and_principe#Pico de Sao Tome 2,024 m)
(geography_natural_resources#sao_tome_and_principe#fish)
(geography_land_use_arable_land#sao_tome_and_principe#1%)
(geography_land_use_permanent_crops#sao_tome_and_principe#20%)
(geography_land_use_meadows_and_pastures#sao_tome_and_principe#1%)
(geography_land_use_forest_and_woodland#sao_tome_and_principe#75%)
(geography_land_use_other#sao_tome_and_principe#3%)
(geography_irrigated_land#sao_tome_and_principe#NA sq km)
(geography_environment_current_issues#sao_tome_and_principe#deforestation; soil erosion and exhaustion)
(geography_environment_natural_hazards#sao_tome_and_principe#NA)
(geography_environment_international_agreements#sao_tome_and_principe#party to - Environmental Modification, Law of the Sea; signed, but not ratified - Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification)
(people_population#sao_tome_and_principe#144,128 {July 1996 est.})
(people_age_structure_0-14_years#sao_tome_and_principe#40% {male 29,103; female 28,633})
(people_age_structure_15-64_years#sao_tome_and_principe#55% {male 39,749; female 39,960})
(people_age_structure_65_years_and_over#sao_tome_and_principe#5% {male 2,973; female 3,710} {July 1996 est.})
(people_population_growth_rate#sao_tome_and_principe#2.58% {1996 est.})
(people_birth_rate#sao_tome_and_principe#34.39 births/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_death_rate#sao_tome_and_principe#8.55 deaths/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_net_migration_rate#sao_tome_and_principe#0 migrant{s}/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_sex_ratio_at_birth#sao_tome_and_principe#1.03 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_under_15_years#sao_tome_and_principe#1.02 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_15-64_years#sao_tome_and_principe#1 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_65_years_and_over#sao_tome_and_principe#0.8 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_all_ages#sao_tome_and_principe#0.99 male{s}/female {1996 est.})
(people_infant_mortality_rate#sao_tome_and_principe#61.1 deaths/1,000 live births {1996 est.})
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_total_population#sao_tome_and_principe#63.87 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_male#sao_tome_and_principe#61.95 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_female#sao_tome_and_principe#65.83 years {1996 est.})
(people_total_fertility_rate#sao_tome_and_principe#4.33 children born/woman {1996 est.})
(people_nationality_noun#sao_tome_and_principe#Sao Tomean{s})
(people_nationality_adjective#sao_tome_and_principe#Sao Tomean)
(people_ethnic_divisions#sao_tome_and_principe#mestico, angolares {descendants of Angolan slaves}, forros {descendants of freed slaves}, servicais {contract laborers from Angola, Mozambique, and Cape Verde}, tongas {children of servicais born on the islands}, Europeans {primarily Portuguese})
(people_religions#sao_tome_and_principe#Roman Catholic, Evangelical Protestant, Seventh-Day Adventist)
(people_languages#sao_tome_and_principe#Portuguese {official})
(people_literacy#sao_tome_and_principe#age 15 and over can read and write {1991 est.})
(people_literacy_total_population#sao_tome_and_principe#73%)
(people_literacy_male#sao_tome_and_principe#85%)
(people_literacy_female#sao_tome_and_principe#62%)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_long_form#sao_tome_and_principe#Democratic Republic of Sao Tome and Principe)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_short_form#sao_tome_and_principe#Sao Tome and Principe)
(government_name_of_country_local_long_form#sao_tome_and_principe#Republica Democratica de Sao Tome e Principe)
(government_name_of_country_local_short_form#sao_tome_and_principe#Sao Tome e Principe)
(government_data_code#sao_tome_and_principe#TP)
(government_type_of_government#sao_tome_and_principe#republic)
(government_capital#sao_tome_and_principe#Sao Tome)
(government_administrative_divisions#sao_tome_and_principe#2 districts {concelhos, singular - concelho}; Principe, Sao Tome)
(government_independence#sao_tome_and_principe#12 July 1975 {from Portugal})
(government_national_holiday#sao_tome_and_principe#Independence Day, 12 July {1975})
(government_constitution#sao_tome_and_principe#approved March 1990; effective 10 September 1990)
(government_legal_system#sao_tome_and_principe#based on Portuguese law system and customary law; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction)
(government_suffrage#sao_tome_and_principe#18 years of age; universal)
(government_executive_branch_chief_of_state#sao_tome_and_principe#President Miguel TROVOADA {since 4 April 1991} was elected for a five-year term by universal suffrage; election last held 3 March 1991 {next to be held 30 June 1996}; results - Miguel TROVOADA was elected without opposition in Sao Tome's first multiparty presidential election)
(government_executive_branch_head_of_government#sao_tome_and_principe#Prime Minister Armindo UAZ de ALMEIDA {since 29 December 1995} was appointed by the president)
(government_executive_branch_cabinet#sao_tome_and_principe#Council of Ministers was appointed by the president on the proposal of the prime minister)
(government_legislative_branch#sao_tome_and_principe#unicameral)
(government_national_people's_assembly#sao_tome_and_principe#{Assembleia Popular Nacional} parliament dissolved by President TROVOADA in July 1994; early elections held 2 October 1994 {next to be held NA}; results - MLSTP 27%, PCD-GR 25.5%, ADI 25.5%; seats - {55 total} MLSTP 27, PCD-GR 14, ADI 14)
(government_judicial_branch#sao_tome_and_principe#Supreme Court, judges are appointed by the National Peoples Assembly)
(government_political_parties_and_leaders#sao_tome_and_principe#Party for Democratic Convergence-Reflection Group {PCD-GR}, Daniel Lima Dos Santos DAIO, secretary general; Movement for the Liberation of Sao Tome and Principe {MLSTP}, Carlos da GRACA; Christian Democratic Front {FDC}, Alphonse Dos SANTOS; Democratic Opposition Coalition {CODO}, leader NA; Independent Democratic Action {ADI}, Patrice TROVOADA; other small parties)
(government_international_organization_participation#sao_tome_and_principe#ACP, AfDB, CEEAC, ECA, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Intelsat {nonsignatory user}, Interpol, IOC, IOM {observer}, ITU, NAM, OAU, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WHO, WMO, WToO, WTrO {applicant})
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us#sao_tome_and_principe#Sao Tome and Principe does not have an embassy in the US, but does have a Permanent Mission to the UN, headed by First Secretary Domingos AUGUSTO Ferreira, located at 122 East 42nd Street, Suite 1604, New York, NY 10168, telephone [1] {212} 697-4211)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation#sao_tome_and_principe#the US does not have an embassy in Sao Tome and Principe; the Ambassador to Gabon is accredited to Sao Tome and Principe on a nonresident basis and makes periodic visits to the islands)
(government_flag#sao_tome_and_principe#three horizontal bands of green {top}, yellow {double width}, and green with two black five-pointed stars placed side by side in the center of the yellow band and a red isosceles triangle based on the hoist side; uses the popular pan-African colors of Ethiopia)
(economy_economic_overview#sao_tome_and_principe#This small poor island economy has remained dependent on cocoa since independence 20 years ago. Since then, however, cocoa production has gradually declined because of drought and mismanagement, so that by 1987 annual output had fallen from 10,000 tons to 3,900 tons. As a result, a shortage of cocoa for export has created a serious balance-of-payments problem. Production of less important crops, such as coffee, copra, and palm kernels, has also declined. The value of imports generally exceeds that of exports by a ratio of 3 to 1 or more. The emphasis on cocoa production at the expense of other food crops has meant that Sao Tome has to import 90% of food needs. It also has to import all fuels and most manufactured goods. Over the years, Sao Tome has been unable to service its external debt and has had to depend on concessional aid and debt rescheduling. Considerable potential exists for development of a tourist industry, and the government has taken steps to expand facilities in recent years. The government also has attempted to reduce price controls and subsidies and to encourage market-based mechanisms, e.g., to facilitate the distribution of imported food. Annual GDP growth has hovered around 1.5% since 1991.)
(economy_gdp#sao_tome_and_principe#purchasing power parity - $138 million {1994 est.})
(economy_gdp_real_growth_rate#sao_tome_and_principe#1.5% {1994 est.})
(economy_gdp_per_capita#sao_tome_and_principe#$1,000 {1994 est.})
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_agriculture#sao_tome_and_principe#28%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_industry#sao_tome_and_principe#14%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_services#sao_tome_and_principe#58% {1994 est.})
(economy_inflation_rate_{consumer_prices}#sao_tome_and_principe#38% {1994 est.})
(economy_labor_force#sao_tome_and_principe#most of population mainly engaged in subsistence agriculture and fishing; shortages of plantation labor and of skilled workers)
(economy_unemployment_rate#sao_tome_and_principe#NA%)
(economy_budget_revenues#sao_tome_and_principe#$58 million)
(economy_budget_expenditures#sao_tome_and_principe#$114 million, including capital expenditures of $54 million {1993 est.})
(economy_industries#sao_tome_and_principe#light construction, textiles, soap, beer; fish processing; timber)
(economy_industrial_production_growth_rate#sao_tome_and_principe#1% {1991})
(economy_electricity_capacity#sao_tome_and_principe#5,000 kW)
(economy_electricity_production#sao_tome_and_principe#17 million kWh)
(economy_electricity_consumption_per_capita#sao_tome_and_principe#105 kWh {1993})
(economy_agriculture#sao_tome_and_principe#cocoa, coconuts, palm kernels, copra, cinnamon, pepper, coffee, bananas, papaya, beans; poultry; fish)
(economy_exports#sao_tome_and_principe#$7.1 million {f.o.b., 1994 est.})
(economy_exports_commodities#sao_tome_and_principe#cocoa 85%-90%, copra, coffee, palm oil)
(economy_exports_partners#sao_tome_and_principe#Netherlands, Germany, China, Portugal)
(economy_imports#sao_tome_and_principe#$23.8 million {c.i.f., 1994 est.})
(economy_imports_commodities#sao_tome_and_principe#machinery and electrical equipment, food products, petroleum)
(economy_imports_partners#sao_tome_and_principe#France, Belgium, Japan, Angola, Italy, US)
(economy_external_debt#sao_tome_and_principe#$250 million {1995 est.})
(economy_economic_aid_recipient#sao_tome_and_principe#ODA, $NA)
(economy_currency#sao_tome_and_principe#1 dobra {Db} = 100 centimos)
(economy_exchange_rates#sao_tome_and_principe#dobras {Db} per US$1 - 1,610 {May 1995}, 129.59 {1 July 1993}, 230 {1992}, 260.0 {November 1991}, 122.48 {December 1988}, 72.827 {1987})
(economy_fiscal_year#sao_tome_and_principe#calendar year)
(transportation_railways#sao_tome_and_principe#0 km)
(transportation_highways_total#sao_tome_and_principe#298 km)
(transportation_highways_paved#sao_tome_and_principe#198 km)
(transportation_highways_unpaved#sao_tome_and_principe#100 km {1987 est.})
(transportation_highways_note#sao_tome_and_principe#roads on Principe are mostly unpaved and in need of repair)
(transportation_ports#sao_tome_and_principe#Santo Antonio, Sao Tome)
(transportation_merchant_marine_total#sao_tome_and_principe#1 cargo ship {1,000 GRT or over} totaling 1,096 GRT/1,105 DWT {1995 est.})
(transportation_airports#sao_tome_and_principe#2)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_1,524_to_2,437_m#sao_tome_and_principe#1)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_914_to_1,523_m#sao_tome_and_principe#1 {1995 est.})
(communications_telephones#sao_tome_and_principe#2,200 {1986 est.})
(communications_telephone_system_domestic#sao_tome_and_principe#minimal system)
(communications_telephone_system_international#sao_tome_and_principe#satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat {Atlantic Ocean})
(communications_radio_broadcast_stations#sao_tome_and_principe#AM 1, FM 2, shortwave 0)
(communications_radios#sao_tome_and_principe#33,000 {1992 est.})
(communications_television_broadcast_stations#sao_tome_and_principe#1 {1992 est.})
(communications_televisions#sao_tome_and_principe#NA)
(defense_branches#sao_tome_and_principe#Army, Navy, Security Police)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_age_15-49#sao_tome_and_principe#34,986)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_fit_for_military_service#sao_tome_and_principe#18,343 {1996 est.})
(defense_defense_expenditures#sao_tome_and_principe#$NA, NA% of GDP)
(geography_location#saudi_arabia#Middle East, bordering the Persian Gulf and the Red Sea, north of Yemen)
(geography_geographic_coordinates#saudi_arabia#25 00 N, 45 00 E)
(geography_map_references#saudi_arabia#Middle East)
(geography_area_total_area#saudi_arabia#1,960,582 sq km)
(geography_area_land_area#saudi_arabia#1,960,582 sq km)
(geography_area_comparative_area#saudi_arabia#slightly less than one-fourth the size of the US)
(geography_land_boundaries_total#saudi_arabia#4,415 km)
(geography_land_boundaries_border_countries#saudi_arabia#Iraq 814 km, Jordan 728 km, Kuwait 222 km, Oman 676 km, Qatar 60 km, UAE 457 km, Yemen 1,458 km)
(geography_coastline#saudi_arabia#2,640 km)
(geography_maritime_claims_contiguous_zone#saudi_arabia#18 nm)
(geography_maritime_claims_continental_shelf#saudi_arabia#not specified)
(geography_maritime_claims_territorial_sea#saudi_arabia#12 nm)
(geography_international_disputes#saudi_arabia#large section of boundary with Yemen not defined; location and status of boundary with UAE is not final, defacto boundary reflects 1974 agreement; Kuwaiti ownership of Qaruh and Umm al Maradim islands is disputed by Saudi Arabia; 1965 boundary with Qatar, renegotiated and revised in 1992, but not official depiction)
(geography_climate#saudi_arabia#harsh, dry desert with great extremes of temperature)
(geography_terrain#saudi_arabia#mostly uninhabited, sandy desert)
(geography_terrain_lowest_point#saudi_arabia#Persian Gulf 0 m)
(geography_terrain_highest_point#saudi_arabia#Jabal Sawda' 3,133 m)
(geography_natural_resources#saudi_arabia#petroleum, natural gas, iron ore, gold, copper)
(geography_land_use_arable_land#saudi_arabia#1%)
(geography_land_use_permanent_crops#saudi_arabia#0%)
(geography_land_use_meadows_and_pastures#saudi_arabia#39%)
(geography_land_use_forest_and_woodland#saudi_arabia#1%)
(geography_land_use_other#saudi_arabia#59%)
(geography_irrigated_land#saudi_arabia#4,350 sq km {1989 est.})
(geography_environment_current_issues#saudi_arabia#desertification; depletion of underground water resources; the lack of perennial rivers or permanent water bodies has prompted the development of extensive seawater desalination facilities; coastal pollution from oil spills)
(geography_environment_natural_hazards#saudi_arabia#frequent sand and dust storms)
(geography_environment_international_agreements#saudi_arabia#party to - Climate Change, Hazardous Wastes, Ozone Layer Protection; signed, but not ratified - Law of the Sea)
(geography_geographic_note#saudi_arabia#extensive coastlines on Persian Gulf and Red Sea provide great leverage on shipping {especially crude oil} through Persian Gulf and Suez Canal)
(people_population#saudi_arabia#19,409,058 {July 1996 est.})
(people_age_structure_0-14_years#saudi_arabia#43% {male 4,228,660; female 4,103,622})
(people_age_structure_15-64_years#saudi_arabia#55% {male 6,393,384; female 4,240,535})
(people_age_structure_65_years_and_over#saudi_arabia#2% {male 227,789; female 215,068} {July 1996 est.})
(people_population_growth_rate#saudi_arabia#3.45% {1996 est.})
(people_birth_rate#saudi_arabia#38.32 births/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_death_rate#saudi_arabia#5.36 deaths/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_net_migration_rate#saudi_arabia#1.55 migrant{s}/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_sex_ratio_at_birth#saudi_arabia#1.05 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_under_15_years#saudi_arabia#1.03 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_15-64_years#saudi_arabia#1.51 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_65_years_and_over#saudi_arabia#1.06 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_all_ages#saudi_arabia#1.27 male{s}/female {1996 est.})
(people_infant_mortality_rate#saudi_arabia#46.4 deaths/1,000 live births {1996 est.})
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_total_population#saudi_arabia#69 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_male#saudi_arabia#67.25 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_female#saudi_arabia#70.84 years {1996 est.})
(people_total_fertility_rate#saudi_arabia#6.45 children born/woman {1996 est.})
(people_nationality_noun#saudi_arabia#Saudi{s})
(people_nationality_adjective#saudi_arabia#Saudi or Saudi Arabian)
(people_ethnic_divisions#saudi_arabia#Arab 90%, Afro-Asian 10%)
(people_religions#saudi_arabia#Muslim 100%)
(people_languages#saudi_arabia#Arabic)
(people_literacy#saudi_arabia#age 15 and over can read and write {1995 est.})
(people_literacy_total_population#saudi_arabia#62.8%)
(people_literacy_male#saudi_arabia#71.5%)
(people_literacy_female#saudi_arabia#50.2%)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_long_form#saudi_arabia#Kingdom of Saudi Arabia)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_short_form#saudi_arabia#Saudi Arabia)
(government_name_of_country_local_long_form#saudi_arabia#Al Mamlakah al Arabiyah as Suudiyah)
(government_name_of_country_local_short_form#saudi_arabia#Al Arabiyah as Suudiyah)
(government_data_code#saudi_arabia#SA)
(government_type_of_government#saudi_arabia#monarchy)
(government_capital#saudi_arabia#Riyadh)
(government_administrative_divisions#saudi_arabia#13 provinces {mintaqah, singular - mintaqat}; Al Bahah, Al Hudud Ash Shamaliyah, Al Jawf, Al Madinah, Al Qasim, Ar Riyad, Ash Sharqiyah {Eastern Province}, 'Asir, Hail, Jizan, Makkah, Najran, Tabuk)
(government_independence#saudi_arabia#23 September 1932 {unification})
(government_national_holiday#saudi_arabia#Unification of the Kingdom, 23 September {1932})
(government_constitution#saudi_arabia#none; governed according to Shari'a {Islamic law})
(government_legal_system#saudi_arabia#based on Islamic law, several secular codes have been introduced; commercial disputes handled by special committees; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction)
(government_suffrage#saudi_arabia#none)
(government_executive_branch_chief_of_state_and_head_of_government#saudi_arabia#King and Prime Minister FAHD bin Abd al-Aziz Al Saud {since 13 June 1982} is an absolute monarch; Crown Prince and First Deputy Prime Minister ABDALLAH bin Abd al-Aziz Al Saud {half-brother to the king, heir to the throne since 13 June 1982, regent from 1 January to 22 February 1996})
(government_executive_branch_cabinet#saudi_arabia#Council of Ministers is dominated by royal family members appointed by the king)
(government_legislative_branch#saudi_arabia#a consultative council composed of 60 members and a chairman who are appointed by the king for a term of four years)
(government_judicial_branch#saudi_arabia#Supreme Council of Justice)
(government_political_parties_and_leaders#saudi_arabia#none allowed)
(government_international_organization_participation#saudi_arabia#ABEDA, AfDB, AFESD, AL, AMF, CCC, ESCWA, FAO, G-19, G-77, GCC, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, ISO, ITU, NAM, OAPEC, OAS {observer}, OIC, OPEC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTrO {applicant})
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_chief_of_mission#saudi_arabia#Ambassador BANDAR bin Sultan Abd al-Aziz Al Saud)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_chancery#saudi_arabia#601 New Hampshire Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20037)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_telephone#saudi_arabia#[1] {202} 342-3800)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_consulate{s}_general#saudi_arabia#Houston, Los Angeles, and New York)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_chief_of_mission#saudi_arabia#Ambassador Raymond E. MABUS, Jr.)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_embassy#saudi_arabia#Collector Road M, Diplomatic Quarter, Riyadh)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_mailing_address#saudi_arabia#American Embassy-Riyadh, Unit 61307, APO AE 09803-1307; International Mail: P. O. Box 94309, Riyadh 11693)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_telephone#saudi_arabia#[966] {1} 488-3800)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_fax#saudi_arabia#[966] {1} 488-7360)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_consulate{s}_general#saudi_arabia#Dhahran, Jiddah {Jeddah})
(government_flag#saudi_arabia#green with large white Arabic script {that may be translated as There is no God but God; Muhammad is the Messenger of God} above a white horizontal saber {the tip points to the hoist side}; green is the traditional color of Islam)
(economy_economic_overview#saudi_arabia#This is a well-to-do oil-based economy with strong government controls over major economic activities. About 40% of GDP comes from the private sector. Economic {as well as political} ties with the US are especially strong. The petroleum sector accounts for roughly 75% of budget revenues, 35% of GDP, and 90% of export earnings. Saudi Arabia has the largest reserves of petroleum in the world {26% of the proved total}, ranks as the largest exporter of petroleum, and plays a leading role in OPEC. For the 1990s the government intends to bring its budget, which has been in deficit since 1983, back into balance, and to encourage private economic activity. Roughly four million foreign workers play an important role in the Saudi economy, for example, in the oil and banking sectors. For over a decade, Saudi Arabia's domestic and international outlays have outstripped its income, and the government has cut its foreign assistance and is beginning to rein in domestic programs. For 1996, the country looks to its policies of maintaining moderate fiscal reforms, restraining public spending, and encouraging non-oil exports.)
(economy_gdp#saudi_arabia#purchasing power parity - $189.3 billion {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_real_growth_rate#saudi_arabia#0% {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_per_capita#saudi_arabia#$10,100 {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_agriculture#saudi_arabia#9%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_industry#saudi_arabia#50%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_services#saudi_arabia#41% {1994 est.})
(economy_inflation_rate_{consumer_prices}#saudi_arabia#5% {1995 est.})
(economy_labor_force#saudi_arabia#6 million-7 million)
(economy_labor_force_by_occupation#saudi_arabia#government 40%, industry, construction, and oil 25%, services 30%, agriculture 5%)
(economy_unemployment_rate#saudi_arabia#6.5% {1992 est.})
(economy_budget_revenues#saudi_arabia#$35.1 billion)
(economy_budget_expenditures#saudi_arabia#$40 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA {1996 est.})
(economy_industries#saudi_arabia#crude oil production, petroleum refining, basic petrochemicals, cement, two small steel-rolling mills, construction, fertilizer, plastics)
(economy_industrial_production_growth_rate#saudi_arabia#17% {1994 est.})
(economy_electricity_capacity#saudi_arabia#17,550,000 kW)
(economy_electricity_production#saudi_arabia#46 billion kWh)
(economy_electricity_consumption_per_capita#saudi_arabia#2,430 kWh {1993})
(economy_agriculture#saudi_arabia#wheat, barley, tomatoes, melons, dates, citrus; mutton, chickens, eggs, milk)
(economy_illicit_drugs#saudi_arabia#death penalty for traffickers; increasing consumption of heroin and cocaine)
(economy_exports#saudi_arabia#$41.7 billion {f.o.b., 1994 est.})
(economy_exports_commodities#saudi_arabia#petroleum and petroleum products 90%)
(economy_exports_partners#saudi_arabia#US 17%, Japan 17%, South Korea 8%, Singapore 7%, France 5% {1994})
(economy_imports#saudi_arabia#$21.3 billion {f.o.b., 1994 est.})
(economy_imports_commodities#saudi_arabia#machinery and equipment, chemicals, foodstuffs, motor vehicles, textiles)
(economy_imports_partners#saudi_arabia#US 21%, Japan 12%, UK 8%, Germany 8%, Italy 5% {1994})
(economy_external_debt#saudi_arabia#$18.9 billion {December 1989 est., includes short-term trade credits})
(economy_economic_aid_donor#saudi_arabia#pledged $100 million in 1993 to fund reconstruction of Lebanon)
(economy_currency#saudi_arabia#1 Saudi riyal {SR} = 100 halalah)
(economy_exchange_rates#saudi_arabia#Saudi riyals {SR} per US$1 - 3.7450 {fixed rate since late 1986})
(economy_fiscal_year#saudi_arabia#calendar year)
(transportation_railways_total#saudi_arabia#1,390 km)
(transportation_railways_standard_gauge#saudi_arabia#1,390 km 1.435-m gauge {448 km double track} {1992})
(transportation_highways_total#saudi_arabia#151,532 km)
(transportation_highways_paved#saudi_arabia#60,613 km)
(transportation_highways_unpaved#saudi_arabia#90,919 km {1992 est.})
(transportation_pipelines#saudi_arabia#crude oil 6,400 km; petroleum products 150 km; natural gas 2,200 km {includes natural gas liquids 1,600 km})
(transportation_ports#saudi_arabia#Ad Dammam, Al Jubayl, Duba, Jiddah, Jizan, Rabigh, Ra's al Khafji, Al Mishab, Ras Tanura, Yanbu' al Bahr, Yanbu' al Sinaiyah)
(transportation_merchant_marine_total#saudi_arabia#76 ships {1,000 GRT or over} totaling 944,946 GRT/1,322,167 DWT)
(transportation_merchant_marine_ships_by_type#saudi_arabia#bulk 1, cargo 13, chemical tanker 5, container 3, liquefied gas tanker 1, livestock carrier 4, oil tanker 22, passenger 1, refrigerated cargo 4, roll-on/roll-off cargo 13, short-sea passenger 9 {1995 est.})
(transportation_airports_total#saudi_arabia#175)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_over_3,047_m#saudi_arabia#30)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_2,438_to_3,047_m#saudi_arabia#11)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_1,524_to_2,437_m#saudi_arabia#22)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_914_to_1,523_m#saudi_arabia#4)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_under_914_m#saudi_arabia#13)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_over_3,047_m#saudi_arabia#1)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_2,438_to_3,047_m#saudi_arabia#4)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_1,524_to_2,437_m#saudi_arabia#66)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_914_to_1,523_m#saudi_arabia#24 {1995 est.})
(transportation_heliports#saudi_arabia#4 {1995 est.})
(communications_telephones#saudi_arabia#1.46 million {1993})
(communications_telephone_system#saudi_arabia#modern system)
(communications_telephone_system_domestic#saudi_arabia#extensive microwave radio relay and coaxial and fiber-optic cable systems)
(communications_telephone_system_international#saudi_arabia#microwave radio relay to Bahrain, Jordan, Kuwait, Qatar, UAE, Yemen, and Sudan; coaxial cable to Kuwait and Jordan; submarine cable to Djibouti, Egypt and Bahrain; satellite earth stations - 5 Intelsat {3 Atlantic Ocean and 2 Indian Ocean}, 1 Arabsat, and 1 Inmarsat {Indian Ocean region})
(communications_radio_broadcast_stations#saudi_arabia#AM 43, FM 13, shortwave 0)
(communications_radios#saudi_arabia#5 million {1993 est.})
(communications_television_broadcast_stations#saudi_arabia#80)
(communications_televisions#saudi_arabia#4.5 million {1993 est.})
(defense_branches#saudi_arabia#Land Force {Army}, Navy, Air Force, Air Defense Force, National Guard, Coast Guard, Frontier Forces, Public Security Force)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_age_15-49#saudi_arabia#5,405,828)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_fit_for_military_service#saudi_arabia#3,005,900)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_reach_military_age_{18}_annually#saudi_arabia#165,010 {1996 est.})
(defense_defense_expenditures#saudi_arabia#exchange rate conversion - $12.1 billion, 8.5% of GDP {1996})
(geography_location#senegal#Western Africa, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean, between Guinea-Bissau and Mauritania)
(geography_geographic_coordinates#senegal#14 00 N, 14 00 W)
(geography_map_references#senegal#Africa)
(geography_area_total_area#senegal#196,190 sq km)
(geography_area_land_area#senegal#192,000 sq km)
(geography_area_comparative_area#senegal#slightly smaller than South Dakota)
(geography_land_boundaries_total#senegal#2,640 km)
(geography_land_boundaries_border_countries#senegal#The Gambia 740 km, Guinea 330 km, Guinea-Bissau 338 km, Mali 419 km, Mauritania 813 km)
(geography_coastline#senegal#531 km)
(geography_maritime_claims_contiguous_zone#senegal#24 nm)
(geography_maritime_claims_continental_shelf#senegal#200 nm or to the edge of the continental margin)
(geography_maritime_claims_exclusive_economic_zone#senegal#200 nm)
(geography_maritime_claims_territorial_sea#senegal#12 nm)
(geography_international_disputes#senegal#short section of the boundary with The Gambia is indefinite; boundary with Mauritania in dispute)
(geography_climate#senegal#tropical; hot, humid; rainy season {December to April} has strong southeast winds; dry season {May to November} dominated by hot, dry, harmattan wind)
(geography_terrain#senegal#generally low, rolling, plains rising to foothills in southeast)
(geography_terrain_lowest_point#senegal#Atlantic Ocean 0 m)
(geography_terrain_highest_point#senegal#unnamed location in the Futa Jaldon foothills 581 m)
(geography_natural_resources#senegal#fish, phosphates, iron ore)
(geography_land_use_arable_land#senegal#27%)
(geography_land_use_permanent_crops#senegal#0%)
(geography_land_use_meadows_and_pastures#senegal#30%)
(geography_land_use_forest_and_woodland#senegal#31%)
(geography_land_use_other#senegal#12%)
(geography_irrigated_land#senegal#1,800 sq km {1989 est.})
(geography_environment_current_issues#senegal#wildlife populations threatened by poaching; deforestation; overgrazing; soil erosion; desertification; overfishing)
(geography_environment_natural_hazards#senegal#lowlands seasonally flooded; periodic droughts)
(geography_environment_international_agreements#senegal#party to - Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Life Conservation, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands; signed, but not ratified - Marine Dumping)
(geography_geographic_note#senegal#The Gambia is almost an enclave of Senegal)
(people_population#senegal#9,092,749 {July 1996 est.})
(people_age_structure_0-14_years#senegal#48% {male 2,188,338; female 2,197,015})
(people_age_structure_15-64_years#senegal#49% {male 2,111,330; female 2,336,987})
(people_age_structure_65_years_and_over#senegal#3% {male 128,939; female 130,140} {July 1996 est.})
(people_population_growth_rate#senegal#3.37% {1996 est.})
(people_birth_rate#senegal#45.46 births/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_death_rate#senegal#11.76 deaths/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_net_migration_rate#senegal#0 migrant{s}/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_sex_ratio_at_birth#senegal#1.03 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_under_15_years#senegal#1 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_15-64_years#senegal#0.9 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_65_years_and_over#senegal#0.99 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_all_ages#senegal#0.95 male{s}/female {1996 est.})
(people_infant_mortality_rate#senegal#64 deaths/1,000 live births {1996 est.})
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_total_population#senegal#56.49 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_male#senegal#53.75 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_female#senegal#59.3 years {1996 est.})
(people_total_fertility_rate#senegal#6.31 children born/woman {1996 est.})
(people_nationality_noun#senegal#Senegalese {singular and plural})
(people_nationality_adjective#senegal#Senegalese)
(people_ethnic_divisions#senegal#Wolof 36%, Fulani 17%, Serer 17%, Toucouleur 9%, Diola 9%, Mandingo 9%, European and Lebanese 1%, other 2%)
(people_religions#senegal#Muslim 92%, indigenous beliefs 6%, Christian 2% {mostly Roman Catholic})
(people_languages#senegal#French {official}, Wolof, Pulaar, Diola, Mandingo)
(people_literacy#senegal#age 15 and over can read and write {1995 est.})
(people_literacy_total_population#senegal#33.1%)
(people_literacy_male#senegal#43%)
(people_literacy_female#senegal#23.2%)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_long_form#senegal#Republic of Senegal)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_short_form#senegal#Senegal)
(government_name_of_country_local_long_form#senegal#Republique du Senegal)
(government_name_of_country_local_short_form#senegal#Senegal)
(government_data_code#senegal#SG)
(government_type_of_government#senegal#republic under multiparty democratic rule)
(government_capital#senegal#Dakar)
(government_administrative_divisions#senegal#10 regions {regions, singular - region}; Dakar, Diourbel, Fatick, Kaolack, Kolda, Louga, Saint-Louis, Tambacounda, Thies, Ziguinchor)
(government_independence#senegal#20 August 1960 {from France; The Gambia and Senegal signed an agreement on 12 December 1981 that called for the creation of a loose confederation to be known as Senegambia, but the agreement was dissolved on 30 September 1989})
(government_national_holiday#senegal#Independence Day, 4 April {1960})
(government_constitution#senegal#3 March 1963, revised 1991)
(government_legal_system#senegal#based on French civil law system; judicial review of legislative acts in Supreme Court, which also audits the government's accounting office; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction)
(government_suffrage#senegal#18 years of age; universal)
(government_executive_branch_chief_of_state#senegal#President Abdou DIOUF {since 1 January 1981} was elected for a seven-year term by universal suffrage; election last held 21 February 1993 {next to be held NA February 2000}; results - Abdou DIOUF {PS} 58.4%, Abdoulaye WADE {PDS} 32.03%, other 9.57%)
(government_executive_branch_head_of_government#senegal#Prime Minister Habib THIAM {since 7 April 1991} was appointed by the president)
(government_executive_branch_cabinet#senegal#Council of Ministers was appointed by the prime minister in consultation with the president)
(government_legislative_branch#senegal#unicameral)
(government_national_assembly_{assemblee_nationale}#senegal#elections last held 9 May 1993 {next to be held NA May 1998}; results - PS 70%, PDS 23%, other 7%; seats - {120 total} PS 84, PDS 27, LD-MPT 3, Let Us Unite Senegal 3, PIT 2, UDS-R 1)
(government_judicial_branch#senegal#Supreme Court {Cour Supreme})
(government_political_parties_and_leaders#senegal#Socialist Party {PS}, President Abdou DIOUF; Senegalese Democratic Party {PDS}, Abdoulaye WADE; Democratic League-Labor Party Movement {LD-MPT}, Dr. Abdoulaye BATHILY; Independent Labor Party {PIT}, Amath DANSOKHO; Senegalese Democratic Union-Renewal {UDS-R}, Mamadou Puritain FALL; Let Us Unite Senegal {coalition of African Party for Democracy and Socialism and National Democratic Rally}; other small uninfluential parties)
(government_other_political_or_pressure_groups#senegal#students; teachers; labor; Muslim Brotherhoods)
(government_international_organization_participation#senegal#ACCT, ACP, AfDB, CCC, ECA, ECOWAS, FAO, FZ, G-15, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Inmarsat, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, ITU, NAM, OAU, OIC, PCA, UN, UNAMIR, UNAVEM III, UNCRO, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNIKOM, UPU, WADB, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_chief_of_mission#senegal#Ambassador Mamadou Mansour SECK)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_chancery#senegal#2112 Wyoming Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_telephone#senegal#[1] {202} 234-0540, 0541)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_chief_of_mission#senegal#Ambassador Mark JOHNSON)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_embassy#senegal#Avenue Jean XXIII at the corner of Avenue Kleber, Dakar)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_mailing_address#senegal#B. P. 49, Dakar)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_telephone#senegal#[221] 23 42 96, 23 34 24)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_fax#senegal#[221] 22 29 91)
(government_flag#senegal#three equal vertical bands of green {hoist side}, yellow, and red with a small green five-pointed star centered in the yellow band; uses the popular pan-African colors of Ethiopia)
(economy_economic_overview#senegal#In 1994 Senegal embarked on its most concerted structural adjustment effort yet to exploit the 50% devaluation of the currencies of the 14 Francophone African nations on 12 January of that year. After years of foot-dragging, the government has passed a liberalized labor code which should lower the cost of labor and improve the manufacturing sector's competitiveness. Inroads also have been made in closing tax loopholes, eliminating monopoly power in several sectors, and privatizing state owned firms. At the same time, the government is holding the line on current fiscal expenditure under the watchful eyes of international organizations on which it depends for substantial support. The IMF, in mid-1995, announced that the government met most economic targets as called for in its Enhanced Structural Adjustment Facility agreement and released the second $50 million tranche. The country's narrow resource base, environmental degradation, and untamed population growth will continue to hold back improvement in living standards over the medium term.)
(economy_gdp#senegal#purchasing power parity - $14.5 billion {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_real_growth_rate#senegal#4.5% {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_per_capita#senegal#$1,600 {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_agriculture#senegal#NA%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_industry#senegal#NA%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_services#senegal#NA%)
(economy_inflation_rate_{consumer_prices}#senegal#6.1% {1995})
(economy_labor_force#senegal#2.509 million {77% are engaged in subsistence farming; 175,000 wage earners})
(economy_labor_force_by_occupation#senegal#private sector 40%, government and parapublic 60%)
(economy_unemployment_rate#senegal#NA%)
(economy_budget_revenues#senegal#$876 million)
(economy_budget_expenditures#senegal#$197.7 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA {1996 est.})
(economy_industries#senegal#agricultural and fish processing, phosphate mining, petroleum refining, construction materials)
(economy_industrial_production_growth_rate#senegal#NA%)
(economy_electricity_capacity#senegal#230,000 kW)
(economy_electricity_production#senegal#720 million kWh)
(economy_electricity_consumption_per_capita#senegal#79 kWh {1993})
(economy_agriculture#senegal#peanuts, millet, corn, sorghum, rice, cotton, tomatoes, green vegetables; cattle, poultry, pigs; fish catch of 409,000 metric tons in 1992)
(economy_illicit_drugs#senegal#transshipment point for Southwest and Southeast Asian heroin moving to Europe and North America; illicit cultivator of cannabis)
(economy_exports#senegal#$940 million {f.o.b., 1994 est.})
(economy_exports_commodities#senegal#fish, ground nuts {peanuts}, petroleum products, phosphates, cotton)
(economy_exports_partners#senegal#France, other EU countries, Cote d'Ivoire, Mali)
(economy_imports#senegal#$1.1 billion {c.i.f., 1994 est.})
(economy_imports_commodities#senegal#foods and beverages, consumer goods, capital goods, petroleum)
(economy_imports_partners#senegal#France, other EU countries, Nigeria, Cote d'Ivoire, Algeria, China, Japan)
(economy_external_debt#senegal#$3.8 billion {1993})
(economy_economic_aid_recipient#senegal#ODA, $439 million {1993})
(economy_currency#senegal#1 Communaute Financiere Africaine franc {CFAF} = 100 centimes)
(economy_exchange_rates#senegal#CFA francs {CFAF} per US$1 - 500.56 {January 1996}, 499.15 {1995}, 555.20 {1994}, 283.16 {1993}, 264.69 {1992}, 282.11 {1991})
(economy_exchange_rates_note#senegal#beginning 12 January 1994, the CFA franc was devalued to CFAF 100 per French franc from CFAF 50 at which it had been fixed since 1948)
(economy_fiscal_year#senegal#calendar year)
(transportation_railways_total#senegal#904 km)
(transportation_railways_narrow_gauge#senegal#904 km 1.000-meter gauge {70 km double track} {1995})
(transportation_highways_total#senegal#13,850 km)
(transportation_highways_paved#senegal#3,900 km)
(transportation_highways_unpaved#senegal#9,950 km {1990 est.})
(transportation_waterways#senegal#897 km total; 785 km on the Senegal river, and 112 km on the Saloum)
(transportation_ports#senegal#Dakar, Kaolack, Matam, Podor, Richard-Toll, Saint-Louis, Ziguinchor)
(transportation_merchant_marine_total#senegal#1 bulk ship {1,000 GRT or over} totaling 1,995 GRT/3,775 DWT {1995 est.})
(transportation_airports#senegal#17)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_over_3,047_m#senegal#1)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_1,524_to_2,437_m#senegal#8)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_914_to_1,523_m#senegal#1)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_under_914_m#senegal#1)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_1,524_to_2,437_m#senegal#4)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_914_to_1,523_m#senegal#2 {1995 est.})
(communications_telephones#senegal#55,000 {1993 est.})
(communications_telephone_system_domestic#senegal#above-average urban system; microwave radio relay and cable trunk system)
(communications_telephone_system_international#senegal#3 submarine cables; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat {Atlantic Ocean})
(communications_radio_broadcast_stations#senegal#AM 8, FM 0, shortwave 0)
(communications_radios#senegal#850,000 {1993 est.})
(communications_television_broadcast_stations#senegal#1)
(communications_televisions#senegal#61,000 {1993 est.})
(defense_branches#senegal#Army, Navy, Air Force, National Gendarmerie, National Police {Surete Nationale})
(defense_manpower_availability_males_age_15-49#senegal#1,864,239)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_fit_for_military_service#senegal#973,170)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_reach_military_age_{18}_annually#senegal#90,154 {1996 est.})
(defense_defense_expenditures#senegal#exchange rate conversion - $82 million, 2.1% of GDP {1996 est.})
(header_note#serbia_and_montenegro#Serbia and Montenegro have asserted the formation of a joint independent state, but this entity has not been formally recognized as a state by the US; the US view is that the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia {SFRY} has dissolved and that none of the successor republics represents its continuation.)
(geography_location#serbia_and_montenegro#Southeastern Europe, bordering the Adriatic Sea, between Albania and Bosnia and Herzegovina)
(geography_geographic_coordinates#serbia_and_montenegro#44 00 N, 21 00 E)
(geography_map_references#serbia_and_montenegro#Europe)
(geography_area_total_area#serbia_and_montenegro#102,350 sq km)
(geography_area_land_area#serbia_and_montenegro#102,136 sq km)
(geography_area_comparative_area#serbia_and_montenegro#slightly larger than Kentucky)
(geography_area_note#serbia_and_montenegro#Serbia has a total area and a land area of 88,412 sq km making it slightly larger than Maine; Montenegro has a total area of 13,938 sq km and a land area of 13,724 sq km making it slightly larger than Connecticut)
(geography_land_boundaries_total#serbia_and_montenegro#2,246 km)
(geography_land_boundaries_border_countries#serbia_and_montenegro#Albania 287 km {114 km with Serbia, 173 km with Montenegro}, Bosnia and Herzegovina 527 km {312 km with Serbia, 215 km with Montenegro}, Bulgaria 318 km, Croatia {north} 241 km, Croatia {south} 25 km, Hungary 151 km, The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia 221 km, Romania 476 km)
(geography_land_boundaries_note#serbia_and_montenegro#the internal boundary between Montenegro and Serbia is 211 km)
(geography_coastline#serbia_and_montenegro#199 km {Montenegro 199 km, Serbia 0 km})
(geography_maritime_claims#serbia_and_montenegro#NA)
(geography_international_disputes#serbia_and_montenegro#disputes with Bosnia and Herzegovina and Croatia over Serbian populated areas; Albanian majority in Kosovo seeks independence from Serbian republic)
(geography_climate#serbia_and_montenegro#in the north, continental climate {cold winter and hot, humid summers with well distributed rainfall}; central portion, continental and Mediterranean climate; to the south, Adriatic climate along the coast, hot, dry summers and autumns and relatively cold winters with heavy snowfall inland)
(geography_terrain#serbia_and_montenegro#extremely varied; to the north, rich fertile plains; to the east, limestone ranges and basins; to the southeast, ancient mountain and hills; to the southwest, extremely high shoreline with no islands off the coast)
(geography_terrain_lowest_point#serbia_and_montenegro#Adriatic Sea 0 m)
(geography_terrain_highest_point#serbia_and_montenegro#Daravica 2,656 m)
(geography_natural_resources#serbia_and_montenegro#oil, gas, coal, antimony, copper, lead, zinc, nickel, gold, pyrite, chrome)
(geography_land_use_arable_land#serbia_and_montenegro#30%)
(geography_land_use_permanent_crops#serbia_and_montenegro#5%)
(geography_land_use_meadows_and_pastures#serbia_and_montenegro#20%)
(geography_land_use_forest_and_woodland#serbia_and_montenegro#25%)
(geography_land_use_other#serbia_and_montenegro#20%)
(geography_irrigated_land#serbia_and_montenegro#NA sq km)
(geography_environment_current_issues#serbia_and_montenegro#pollution of coastal waters from sewage outlets, especially in tourist-related areas such as Kotor; air pollution around Belgrade and other industrial cities; water pollution from industrial wastes dumped into the Sava which flows into the Danube)
(geography_environment_natural_hazards#serbia_and_montenegro#destructive earthquakes)
(geography_environment_international_agreements#serbia_and_montenegro#NA)
(geography_geographic_note#serbia_and_montenegro#controls one of the major land routes from Western Europe to Turkey and the Near East; strategic location along the Adriatic coast)
(people_population_total_population#serbia_and_montenegro#10,614,558 {July 1996 est.})
(people_montenegro#serbia_and_montenegro#635,442 {July 1996 est.})
(people_serbia#serbia_and_montenegro#9,979,116 {July 1996 est.})
(people_montenegro_-_0-14_years#serbia_and_montenegro#22% {male 71,075; female 67,402})
(people_montenegro_-_15-64_years#serbia_and_montenegro#67% {male 215,889; female 213,290})
(people_montenegro_-_65_years_and_over#serbia_and_montenegro#11% {male 27,868; female 39.918} {July 1996 est.})
(people_serbia_-_0-14_years#serbia_and_montenegro#21% {male 1,104,274; female 1,026,994})
(people_serbia_-_15-64_years#serbia_and_montenegro#66% {male 3,332,809; female 3,293,788})
(people_serbia_-_65_years_and_over#serbia_and_montenegro#13% {male 515,001; female 706,250} {July 1996 est.})
(people_montenegro#serbia_and_montenegro#0.39% {1996 est.})
(people_serbia#serbia_and_montenegro#0.39% {1996 est.})
(people_montenegro#serbia_and_montenegro#11.86 births/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_serbia#serbia_and_montenegro#13.98 births/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_montenegro#serbia_and_montenegro#7.76 deaths/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_serbia#serbia_and_montenegro#10.25 deaths/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_montenegro#serbia_and_montenegro#-0.2 migrant{s}/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_serbia#serbia_and_montenegro#0.12 migrant{s}/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_montenegro_-_at_birth#serbia_and_montenegro#1.05 male{s}/female)
(people_montenegro_-_under_15_years#serbia_and_montenegro#1.05 male{s}/female)
(people_montenegro_-_15-64_years#serbia_and_montenegro#1.01 male{s}/female)
(people_montenegro_-_65_years_and_over#serbia_and_montenegro#0.7 male{s}/female)
(people_montenegro_-_all_ages#serbia_and_montenegro#0.98 male{s}/female {1996 est.})
(people_serbia_-_at_birth#serbia_and_montenegro#1.08 male{s}/female)
(people_serbia_-_under_15_years#serbia_and_montenegro#1.08 male{s}/female)
(people_serbia_-_15-64_years#serbia_and_montenegro#1.01 male{s}/female)
(people_serbia_-_65_years_and_over#serbia_and_montenegro#0.73 male{s}/female)
(people_serbia_-_all_ages#serbia_and_montenegro#0.98 male{s}/female {1996 est.})
(people_montenegro#serbia_and_montenegro#27.5 deaths/1,000 live births {1996 est.})
(people_serbia#serbia_and_montenegro#22.9 deaths/1,000 live births {1996 est.})
(people_montenegro_-_total_population#serbia_and_montenegro#74.88 years)
(people_montenegro_-_male#serbia_and_montenegro#70.86 years)
(people_montenegro_-_female#serbia_and_montenegro#79.11 years {1996 est.})
(people_serbia_-_total_population#serbia_and_montenegro#71.98 years)
(people_serbia_-_male#serbia_and_montenegro#68.97 years)
(people_serbia_-_female#serbia_and_montenegro#75.22 years {1996 est.})
(people_montenegro#serbia_and_montenegro#1.53 children born/woman {1996 est.})
(people_serbia#serbia_and_montenegro#2 children born/woman {1996 est.})
(people_nationality_noun#serbia_and_montenegro#Serb{s} and Montenegrin{s})
(people_nationality_adjective#serbia_and_montenegro#Serbian and Montenegrin)
(people_ethnic_divisions#serbia_and_montenegro#Serbs 63%, Albanians 14%, Montenegrins 6%, Hungarians 4%, other 13%)
(people_religions#serbia_and_montenegro#Orthodox 65%, Muslim 19%, Roman Catholic 4%, Protestant 1%, other 11%)
(people_languages#serbia_and_montenegro#Serbo-Croatian 95%, Albanian 5%)
(people_literacy#serbia_and_montenegro#NA)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_long_form#serbia_and_montenegro#none)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_short_form#serbia_and_montenegro#Serbia and Montenegro)
(government_name_of_country_local_long_form#serbia_and_montenegro#none)
(government_name_of_country_local_short_form#serbia_and_montenegro#Srbija-Crna Gora)
(government_name_of_country_note#serbia_and_montenegro#Serbia and Montenegro has self-proclaimed itself the "Federal Republic of Yugoslavia," but the US view is that the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia {SFRY} has dissolved and that none of the successor republics represents its continuation)
(government_serbia#serbia_and_montenegro#SR)
(government_montenegro#serbia_and_montenegro#MW)
(government_type_of_government#serbia_and_montenegro#republic)
(government_capital#serbia_and_montenegro#Belgrade)
(government_administrative_divisions#serbia_and_montenegro#2 republics {pokajine, singular - pokajina}; and 2 nominally autonomous provinces*; Kosovo*, Montenegro, Serbia, Vojvodina*)
(government_independence#serbia_and_montenegro#11 April 1992 {Federal Republic of Yugoslavia formed as self-proclaimed successor to the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia - SFRY})
(government_national_holiday#serbia_and_montenegro#St. Vitus Day, 28 June)
(government_constitution#serbia_and_montenegro#27 April 1992)
(government_legal_system#serbia_and_montenegro#based on civil law system)
(government_suffrage#serbia_and_montenegro#16 years of age, if employed; 18 years of age, universal)
(government_executive_branch_chief_of_state#serbia_and_montenegro#President Zoran LILIC {since 25 June 1993} was elected for a four-year term by the Federal Assembly; note - Slobodan MILOSEVIC is president of Serbia {since 9 December 1990}; Momir BULATOVIC is president of Montenegro {since 23 December 1990}; Federal Assembly elected Zoran LILIC on 25 June 1993)
(government_executive_branch_head_of_government#serbia_and_montenegro#Prime Minister Radoje KONTIC {since 29 December 1992} was nominated by the president; Deputy Prime Ministers Jovan ZEBIC {since NA March 1993}, Uros KLIKOVAC {since 15 September 1994}, and Nikola SAINOVIC {since 15 September 1995})
(government_executive_branch_cabinet#serbia_and_montenegro#Federal Executive Council)
(government_legislative_branch#serbia_and_montenegro#bicameral Federal Assembly)
(government_chamber_of_republics#serbia_and_montenegro#elections last held 20 December 1992 {next to be held NA 1996}; results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - {40 total, 20 Serbian, 20 Montenegrin} seats by party NA; note - seats are filled on a proportional basis to reflect the composition of the legislatures of the republics of Montenegro and Serbia)
(government_chamber_of_citizens#serbia_and_montenegro#elections last held 20 December 1992 {next to be held NA 1996}; results - percent of votes by party NA; seats - {138 total, 108 Serbian, 30 Montenegrin} SPS 47, SRS 34, Depos 20, DPSCG 17, DS 5, SP 5, NS 4, DZVM 3, other 3)
(government_judicial_branch#serbia_and_montenegro#Savezni Sud {Federal Court}, judges are elected by the Federal Assembly; Constitutional Court, judges are elected by the Federal Assembly)
(government_political_parties_and_leaders#serbia_and_montenegro#Serbian Socialist Party {SPS, former Communist Party}, Slobodan MILOSEVIC; Serbian Radical Party {SRS}, Vojislav SESELJ; Serbian Renewal Movement {SPO}, Vuk DRASKOVIC, president; Democratic Party {DS}, Zoran DJINDJIC; Democratic Party of Serbia {Depos}, Vojlslav KOSTUNICA; Democratic Party of Socialists of Montenegro {DPSCG}, Momir BULATOVIC, president; People's Party of Montenegro {NS}, Milan PAROSKI; Liberal Alliance of Montenegro, Slavko PEROVIC; Democratic Community of Vojvodina Hungarians {DZVM}, Andras AGOSTON; League of Communists-Movement for Yugoslavia {SK-PJ}, Dragan ATANASOVSKI; Democratic Alliance of Kosovo {LDK}, Dr. Ibrahim RUGOVA, president; Party of Democratic Action {SDA}, Sulejman UGLJANIN; Civic Alliance of Serbia {GSS}, Vesna PESIC, chairman; Socialist Party of Montenegro {SP}, leader NA)
(government_other_political_or_pressure_groups#serbia_and_montenegro#NA)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us#serbia_and_montenegro#the US and Serbia and Montenegro do not maintain full diplomatic relations; the Embassy of the former Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia continues to function in the US)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_chief_of_mission#serbia_and_montenegro#Ambassador {vacant}; Counselor, Charge d'Affaires ad interim Zoran POPOVIC)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_chancery#serbia_and_montenegro#2410 California St. NW, Washington, DC 20008)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_telephone#serbia_and_montenegro#[1] {202} 462-6566)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation#serbia_and_montenegro#the US and Serbia and Montenegro do not maintain full diplomatic relations)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_chief_of_mission#serbia_and_montenegro#Ambassador {vacant}; Chief of Mission Rudolf V. PERINA)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_embassy#serbia_and_montenegro#address NA, Belgrade)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_mailing_address#serbia_and_montenegro#Unit 1310, APO AE 09213-1310)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_telephone#serbia_and_montenegro#[381] {11} 645655)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_fax#serbia_and_montenegro#[381] {11} 645332)
(economy_economic_overview#serbia_and_montenegro#The swift collapse of the Yugoslav federation in 1991 has been followed by highly destructive warfare, the destabilization of republic boundaries, and the breakup of important interrepublic trade flows. Serbia and Montenegro faces major economic problems; output has dropped sharply, particularly in 1993. Like the other former Yugoslav republics, it depended on its sister republics for large amounts of energy supplies and manufactures. Wide differences in climate, mineral resources, and levels of technology among the republics accentuated this interdependence, as did the communist practice of concentrating much industrial output in a small number of giant plants. The breakup of many of the trade links, the sharp drop in output as industrial plants lost suppliers and markets, and the destruction of physical assets in the fighting all have contributed to the economic difficulties of the republics. One singular factor in the economic situation of Serbia and Montenegro is the continuation in office of a communist government that is primarily interested in political and military mastery, not economic reform. Hyperinflation ended with the establishment of a new currency unit in June 1993; prices were relatively stable in 1994. Reliable statistics are hard to come by; the GDP estimate of $2,000 per capita is extremely rough. The economy is recovering extremely slowly following the suspension of UN sanctions in December 1995.)
(economy_gdp#serbia_and_montenegro#purchasing power parity - $20.6 billion {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_real_growth_rate#serbia_and_montenegro#4% {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_per_capita#serbia_and_montenegro#$2,000 {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_agriculture#serbia_and_montenegro#NA%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_industry#serbia_and_montenegro#NA%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_services#serbia_and_montenegro#NA%)
(economy_inflation_rate_{consumer_prices}#serbia_and_montenegro#20% {1994 est.})
(economy_labor_force#serbia_and_montenegro#2,640,909)
(economy_labor_force_by_occupation#serbia_and_montenegro#industry, mining 40% {1990})
(economy_unemployment_rate#serbia_and_montenegro#more than 40% {1994 est.})
(economy_budget_revenues#serbia_and_montenegro#$NA)
(economy_budget_expenditures#serbia_and_montenegro#$NA, including capital expenditures of $NA)
(economy_industries#serbia_and_montenegro#machine building {aircraft, trucks, and automobiles; armored vehicles and weapons; electrical equipment; agricultural machinery}, metallurgy {steel, aluminum, copper, lead, zinc, chromium, antimony, bismuth, cadmium}, mining {coal, bauxite, nonferrous ore, iron ore, limestone}, consumer goods {textiles, footwear, foodstuffs, appliances}, electronics, petroleum products, chemicals, and pharmaceuticals)
(economy_industrial_production_growth_rate#serbia_and_montenegro#NA%)
(economy_electricity_capacity#serbia_and_montenegro#10,400,000 kW)
(economy_electricity_production#serbia_and_montenegro#34 billion kWh)
(economy_electricity_consumption_per_capita#serbia_and_montenegro#2,400 kWh {1994 est.})
(economy_agriculture#serbia_and_montenegro#cereals, fruits, vegetables, tobacco, olives; cattle, sheep, goats)
(economy_illicit_drugs#serbia_and_montenegro#transshipment point for Southwest Asian heroin moving to Western Europe on the Balkan route)
(economy_exports#serbia_and_montenegro#$NA)
(economy_exports_commodities#serbia_and_montenegro#prior to the breakup of the federation, Yugoslavia exported machinery and transport equipment, manufactured goods, chemicals, food and live animals, raw materials)
(economy_exports_partners#serbia_and_montenegro#prior to the imposition of UN sanctions trade partners were the other former Yugoslav republics, Italy, Germany, other EC, the FSU countries, East European countries, US)
(economy_imports#serbia_and_montenegro#$NA)
(economy_imports_commodities#serbia_and_montenegro#prior to the breakup of the federation, Yugoslavia imported machinery and transport equipment, fuels and lubricants, manufactured goods, chemicals, food and live animals, raw materials including coking coal for the steel industry)
(economy_imports_partners#serbia_and_montenegro#prior to the imposition of UN sanctions trade partners were the other former Yugoslav republics, the FSU countries, EC countries {mainly Italy and Germany}, East European countries, US)
(economy_external_debt#serbia_and_montenegro#$4.2 billion {1993 est.})
(economy_economic_aid_recipient#serbia_and_montenegro#ODA, $NA)
(economy_currency#serbia_and_montenegro#1 Yugoslav New Dinar {YD} = 100 paras)
(economy_exchange_rates#serbia_and_montenegro#Yugoslav New Dinars {YD} per US $1 - official rate: 1.5; black market rate: 2 to 3 {early 1995})
(economy_fiscal_year#serbia_and_montenegro#calendar year)
(transportation_railways_total#serbia_and_montenegro#3,960 km)
(transportation_railways_standard_gauge#serbia_and_montenegro#3,960 km 1.435-m gauge {1,341 km electrified} {1992})
(transportation_highways_total#serbia_and_montenegro#46,019 km)
(transportation_highways_paved#serbia_and_montenegro#26,949 km)
(transportation_highways_unpaved#serbia_and_montenegro#19,070 km {1990 est.})
(transportation_waterways#serbia_and_montenegro#NA km)
(transportation_pipelines#serbia_and_montenegro#crude oil 415 km; petroleum products 130 km; natural gas 2,110 km)
(transportation_ports#serbia_and_montenegro#Bar, Belgrade, Kotor, Novi Sad, Pancevo, Tivat)
(transportation_montenegro#serbia_and_montenegro#total 21 ships {1,000 GRT or over} totaling 326,133 GRT/544,600 DWT {controlled by Montenegrin beneficial owners})
(transportation_montenegro_ships_by_type#serbia_and_montenegro#bulk 9, cargo 8, container 3, short-sea passenger ferry 1)
(transportation_montenegro_note#serbia_and_montenegro#ships operate under the flags of Malta, Panama, and Cyprus; no ships remain under Yugoslav flag {1995 est.})
(transportation_serbia#serbia_and_montenegro#total 2 bulk ships {1,000 GRT or over} totaling 42,916 GRT/77,103 DWT {controlled by Serbian beneficial owners})
(transportation_serbia_note#serbia_and_montenegro#all under the flag of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines; no ships remain under Yugoslav flag {1995 est.})
(transportation_airports_total#serbia_and_montenegro#44 {Serbia 39, Montenegro 5})
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_over_3,047_m#serbia_and_montenegro#2 {Serbia 2, Montenegro 0})
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_2,438_to_3,047_m#serbia_and_montenegro#5 {Serbia 3, Montenegro 2})
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_1,524_to_2,437_m#serbia_and_montenegro#5 {Serbia 4, Montenegro 1})
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_914_to_1,523_m#serbia_and_montenegro#2 {Serbia 2, Montenegro 0})
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_under_914_m#serbia_and_montenegro#14 {Serbia 14, Montenegro 0})
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_1,524_to_2,437_m#serbia_and_montenegro#2 {Serbia 2, Montenegro 0})
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_914_to_1,523_m#serbia_and_montenegro#14 {Serbia 12, Montenegro 2} {1995 est.})
(communications_telephones#serbia_and_montenegro#700,000)
(communications_telephone_system_domestic#serbia_and_montenegro#NA)
(communications_telephone_system_international#serbia_and_montenegro#satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat {Atlantic Ocean})
(communications_radio_broadcast_stations#serbia_and_montenegro#AM 26, FM 9, shortwave 0)
(communications_radios#serbia_and_montenegro#2.015 million)
(communications_television_broadcast_stations#serbia_and_montenegro#18)
(communications_televisions#serbia_and_montenegro#1 million)
(defense_branches#serbia_and_montenegro#People's Army {includes Ground Forces with internal and border troops, Naval Forces, and Air and Air Defense Forces}, Civil Defense)
(defense_montenegro_-_males_age_15-49#serbia_and_montenegro#173,942)
(defense_montenegro_-_males_fit_for_military_service#serbia_and_montenegro#140,728)
(defense_montenegro_-_males_reach_military_age_{19}_annually#serbia_and_montenegro#5,226)
(defense_serbia_-_males_age_15-49#serbia_and_montenegro#2,546,549)
(defense_serbia_-_males_fit_for_military_service#serbia_and_montenegro#2,041,239 {1996 est.})
(defense_defense_expenditures#serbia_and_montenegro#245 billion dinars, 4% to 6% of GDP {1992 est.}; note - conversion of defense expenditures into US dollars using the current exchange rate could produce misleading results)
(geography_location#seychelles#Eastern Africa, group of islands in the Indian Ocean, northeast of Madagascar)
(geography_geographic_coordinates#seychelles#4 35 S, 55 40 E)
(geography_map_references#seychelles#Africa)
(geography_area_total_area#seychelles#455 sq km)
(geography_area_land_area#seychelles#455 sq km)
(geography_area_comparative_area#seychelles#2.5 times the size of Washington, DC)
(geography_land_boundaries#seychelles#0 km)
(geography_coastline#seychelles#491 km)
(geography_maritime_claims_continental_shelf#seychelles#200 nm or to the edge of the continental margin)
(geography_maritime_claims_exclusive_economic_zone#seychelles#200 nm)
(geography_maritime_claims_territorial_sea#seychelles#12 nm)
(geography_international_disputes#seychelles#claims Tromelin Island)
(geography_climate#seychelles#tropical marine; humid; cooler season during southeast monsoon {late May to September}; warmer season during northwest monsoon {March to May})
(geography_terrain#seychelles#Mahe Group is granitic, narrow coastal strip, rocky, hilly; others are coral, flat, elevated reefs)
(geography_terrain_lowest_point#seychelles#Indian Ocean 0 m)
(geography_terrain_highest_point#seychelles#Morne Seychellois 905 m)
(geography_natural_resources#seychelles#fish, copra, cinnamon trees)
(geography_land_use_arable_land#seychelles#4%)
(geography_land_use_permanent_crops#seychelles#18%)
(geography_land_use_meadows_and_pastures#seychelles#0%)
(geography_land_use_forest_and_woodland#seychelles#18%)
(geography_land_use_other#seychelles#60%)
(geography_irrigated_land#seychelles#NA sq km)
(geography_environment_current_issues#seychelles#no natural fresh water resources, catchments collect rain water)
(geography_environment_natural_hazards#seychelles#lies outside the cyclone belt, so severe storms are rare; short droughts possible)
(geography_environment_international_agreements#seychelles#party to - Biodiversity, Climate Change, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Whaling; signed, but not ratified - Desertification)
(geography_geographic_note#seychelles#40 granitic and about 50 coralline islands)
(people_population#seychelles#77,575 {July 1996 est.})
(people_age_structure_0-14_years#seychelles#31% {male 12,005; female 11,835})
(people_age_structure_15-64_years#seychelles#63% {male 24,003; female 24,946})
(people_age_structure_65_years_and_over#seychelles#6% {male 1,669; female 3,117} {July 1996 est.})
(people_population_growth_rate#seychelles#0.76% {1996 est.})
(people_birth_rate#seychelles#21.02 births/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_death_rate#seychelles#7.31 deaths/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_net_migration_rate#seychelles#-6.14 migrant{s}/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_sex_ratio_at_birth#seychelles#1.03 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_under_15_years#seychelles#1.01 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_15-64_years#seychelles#0.96 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_65_years_and_over#seychelles#0.54 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_all_ages#seychelles#0.94 male{s}/female {1996 est.})
(people_infant_mortality_rate#seychelles#12.5 deaths/1,000 live births {1996 est.})
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_total_population#seychelles#69.24 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_male#seychelles#64.23 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_female#seychelles#74.39 years {1996 est.})
(people_total_fertility_rate#seychelles#2.09 children born/woman {1996 est.})
(people_nationality_noun#seychelles#Seychellois {singular and plural})
(people_nationality_adjective#seychelles#Seychelles)
(people_ethnic_divisions#seychelles#Seychellois {mixture of Asians, Africans, Europeans})
(people_religions#seychelles#Roman Catholic 90%, Anglican 8%, other 2%)
(people_languages#seychelles#English {official}, French {official}, Creole)
(people_literacy#seychelles#age 15 and over can read and write {1971 est.})
(people_literacy_total_population#seychelles#58%)
(people_literacy_male#seychelles#56%)
(people_literacy_female#seychelles#60%)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_long_form#seychelles#Republic of Seychelles)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_short_form#seychelles#Seychelles)
(government_data_code#seychelles#SE)
(government_type_of_government#seychelles#republic)
(government_capital#seychelles#Victoria)
(government_administrative_divisions#seychelles#23 administrative districts; Anse aux Pins, Anse Boileau, Anse Etoile, Anse Louis, Anse Royale, Baie Lazare, Baie Sainte Anne, Beau Vallon, Bel Air, Bel Ombre, Cascade, Glacis, Grand' Anse {on Mahe Island}, Grand' Anse {on Praslin Island}, La Digue, La Riviere Anglaise, Mont Buxton, Mont Fleuri, Plaisance, Pointe Larue, Port Glaud, Saint Louis, Takamaka)
(government_independence#seychelles#29 June 1976 {from UK})
(government_national_holiday#seychelles#National Day, 18 June {1993} {adoption of new constitution})
(government_constitution#seychelles#18 June 1993)
(government_legal_system#seychelles#based on English common law, French civil law, and customary law)
(government_suffrage#seychelles#17 years of age; universal)
(government_executive_branch_chief_of_state_and_head_of_government#seychelles#President France Albert RENE {since 5 June 1977} was elected for a five-year term by popular vote; election last held 20-23 July 1993 {next to be held NA 1998}; results - President France Albert RENE {SPPF} reelected with 59.5% of the vote, Sir James MANCHAM {DP} 36.72%)
(government_executive_branch_cabinet#seychelles#Council of Ministers was appointed by the president)
(government_legislative_branch#seychelles#unicameral)
(government_people's_assembly_{assemblee_du_peuple}#seychelles#elections last held 20-23 July 1993 {next to be held NA}; results - SPPF 82%, DP 15%, UO 3%; seats - {33 total, 22 elected, 11 awarded} seats elected - SPPF 21, DP 1; seats awarded - SPPF 6, DP 4, UO 1)
(government_people's_assembly_{assemblee_du_peuple}_note#seychelles#the 11 awarded seats are apportioned according to the share of each party in the total vote)
(government_judicial_branch#seychelles#Court of Appeal; Supreme Court)
(government_political_parties_and_leaders#seychelles#ruling party - Seychelles People's Progressive Front {SPPF}, France Albert RENE; Democratic Party {DP}, Sir James MANCHAM; United Opposition {UO}, Wavel RAMKALAWAN - a coalition of the following parties: Seychelles Party {PS}, Wavel RAMKALAWAN; Seychelles Democratic Movement {MSPD}, Jacques HONDOUL; Seychelles Liberal Party {SLP}, Ogilvie BERLOUIS; New Democratic Party , Christopher GILL {former member of DP})
(government_other_political_or_pressure_groups#seychelles#trade unions; Roman Catholic Church)
(government_international_organization_participation#seychelles#ACCT, ACP, AfDB, C, ECA, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Intelsat {nonsignatory user}, Interpol, IOC, NAM, OAU, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCL, WHO, WMO, WToO, WTrO {applicant})
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_chief_of_mission#seychelles#Ambassador Marc Michael R. MARENGO)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_chancery#seychelles#{temporary} 820 Second Avenue, Suite 900F, New York, NY 10017)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_telephone#seychelles#[1] {212} 687-9766, 9767)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_fax#seychelles#[1] {212} 922-9177)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_chief_of_mission#seychelles#Ambassador Carl Burton STOKES)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_embassy#seychelles#4th Floor, Victoria House, Box 251, Victoria, Mahe)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_mailing_address#seychelles#Box 148, Victoria; Unit 62501, APO AE 09815-2501)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_telephone#seychelles#[248] 225256)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_fax#seychelles#[248] 225189)
(government_flag#seychelles#five oblique bands of blue {hoist side}, yellow, red, white, and green {bottom} radiating from the bottom of the hoist side)
(economy_economic_overview#seychelles#Since independence in 1976, per capita output has grown to roughly seven times the old near-subsistence level, led by the tourist sector, which employs about 30% of the labor force and provides more than 70% of hard currency earnings. In recent years the government has encouraged foreign investment in order to upgrade hotels and other services. At the same time, the government has moved to reduce the high dependence on tourism by promoting the development of farming, fishing, and small-scale manufacturing. The vulnerability of the tourist sector was illustrated by the sharp drop in 1991-92 due largely to the Gulf war. Although the industry has rebounded, the government recognizes the continuing need for upgrading the sector in the face of stiff international competition.)
(economy_gdp#seychelles#purchasing power parity - $430 million {1993 est.})
(economy_gdp_real_growth_rate#seychelles#-2% {1993 est.})
(economy_gdp_per_capita#seychelles#$6,000 {1993 est.})
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_agriculture#seychelles#NA%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_industry#seychelles#NA%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_services#seychelles#NA%)
(economy_inflation_rate_{consumer_prices}#seychelles#3.9% {1993 est.})
(economy_labor_force#seychelles#27,700 {1985})
(economy_labor_force_by_occupation#seychelles#industry and commerce 31%, services 21%, government 20%, agriculture, forestry, and fishing 12%, other 16% {1985})
(economy_unemployment_rate#seychelles#9% {1987})
(economy_budget_revenues#seychelles#$227.4 million)
(economy_budget_expenditures#seychelles#$263 million, including capital expenditures of $54 million {1993 est.})
(economy_industries#seychelles#tourism, processing of coconut and vanilla, fishing, coir {coconut fiber} rope factory, boat building, printing, furniture, beverage)
(economy_industrial_production_growth_rate#seychelles#4% {1992})
(economy_electricity_capacity#seychelles#30,000 kW)
(economy_electricity_production#seychelles#110 million kWh)
(economy_electricity_consumption_per_capita#seychelles#1,399 kWh {1993})
(economy_agriculture#seychelles#coconuts, cinnamon, vanilla, sweet potatoes, cassava {tapioca}, bananas; broiler chickens; expansion of tuna fishing under way)
(economy_exports#seychelles#$50 million {f.o.b., 1993 est.})
(economy_exports_commodities#seychelles#fish, cinnamon bark, copra, petroleum products {re-exports})
(economy_exports_partners#seychelles#France 43%, UK 22%, Reunion 11%, {1992})
(economy_imports#seychelles#$261 million {f.o.b., 1993 est.})
(economy_imports_commodities#seychelles#manufactured goods, food, petroleum products, tobacco, beverages, machinery and transportation equipment)
(economy_imports_partners#seychelles#Singapore 16%, Bahrain 16%, South Africa, 14%, UK 13% {1992})
(economy_external_debt#seychelles#$181 million {1993 est.})
(economy_economic_aid_recipient#seychelles#ODA, $NA)
(economy_currency#seychelles#1 Seychelles rupee {SRe} = 100 cents)
(economy_exchange_rates#seychelles#Seychelles rupees {SRe} per US$1 - 4.9257 {January 1996}, 4.7620 {1995}, 5.0559 {1994}, 5.1815 {1993}, 5.1220 {1992}, 5.2893 {1991})
(economy_fiscal_year#seychelles#calendar year)
(transportation_railways#seychelles#0 km)
(transportation_highways_total#seychelles#269 km)
(transportation_highways_paved#seychelles#187 km)
(transportation_highways_unpaved#seychelles#82 km {1988 est.})
(transportation_ports#seychelles#Victoria)
(transportation_merchant_marine#seychelles#none)
(transportation_airports_total#seychelles#14)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_2,438_to_3,047_m#seychelles#1)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_914_to_1,523_m#seychelles#5)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_under_914_m#seychelles#6)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_914_to_1,523_m#seychelles#2 {1995 est.})
(communications_telephones#seychelles#8,300 {1982 est.})
(communications_telephone_system_domestic#seychelles#radiotelephone communications between islands in the archipelago)
(communications_telephone_system_international#seychelles#direct radiotelephone communications with adjacent island countries and African coastal countries; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat {Indian Ocean})
(communications_radio_broadcast_stations#seychelles#AM 2, FM 0, shortwave 0)
(communications_radios#seychelles#34,000 {1992 est.})
(communications_television_broadcast_stations#seychelles#2)
(communications_televisions#seychelles#8,200 {1991 est.})
(defense_branches#seychelles#Army, Coast Guard, Marines, National Guard, Presidential Protection Unit, Police Force)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_age_15-49#seychelles#21,547)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_fit_for_military_service#seychelles#10,883 {1996 est.})
(defense_defense_expenditures#seychelles#$NA, NA% of GDP)
(geography_location#sierra_leone#Western Africa, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean, between Guinea and Liberia)
(geography_geographic_coordinates#sierra_leone#8 30 N, 11 30 W)
(geography_map_references#sierra_leone#Africa)
(geography_area_total_area#sierra_leone#71,740 sq km)
(geography_area_land_area#sierra_leone#71,620 sq km)
(geography_area_comparative_area#sierra_leone#slightly smaller than South Carolina)
(geography_land_boundaries_total#sierra_leone#958 km)
(geography_land_boundaries_border_countries#sierra_leone#Guinea 652 km, Liberia 306 km)
(geography_coastline#sierra_leone#402 km)
(geography_maritime_claims_territorial_sea#sierra_leone#200 nm)
(geography_maritime_claims_continental_shelf#sierra_leone#200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation)
(geography_international_disputes#sierra_leone#none)
(geography_climate#sierra_leone#tropical; hot, humid; summer rainy season {May to December}; winter dry season {December to April})
(geography_terrain#sierra_leone#coastal belt of mangrove swamps, wooded hill country, upland plateau, mountains in east)
(geography_terrain_lowest_point#sierra_leone#Atlantic Ocean 0 m)
(geography_terrain_highest_point#sierra_leone#Loma Mansa {Bintimani} 1,948 m)
(geography_natural_resources#sierra_leone#diamonds, titanium ore, bauxite, iron ore, gold, chromite)
(geography_land_use_arable_land#sierra_leone#25%)
(geography_land_use_permanent_crops#sierra_leone#2%)
(geography_land_use_meadows_and_pastures#sierra_leone#31%)
(geography_land_use_forest_and_woodland#sierra_leone#29%)
(geography_land_use_other#sierra_leone#13%)
(geography_irrigated_land#sierra_leone#340 sq km {1989 est.})
(geography_environment_current_issues#sierra_leone#rapid population growth pressuring the environment; overharvesting of timber, expansion of cattle grazing, and slash-and-burn agriculture have resulted in deforestation and soil exhaustion; civil war depleting natural resources; overfishing)
(geography_environment_natural_hazards#sierra_leone#dry, sand-laden harmattan winds blow from the Sahara {November to May}; sandstorms, dust storms)
(geography_environment_international_agreements#sierra_leone#party to - Biodiversity, Climate Change, Endangered Species, Law of the Sea, Marine Life Conservation, Nuclear Test Ban, Whaling; signed, but not ratified - Desertification, Environmental Modification)
(people_population#sierra_leone#4,793,121 {July 1996 est.})
(people_age_structure_0-14_years#sierra_leone#45% {male 1,057,824; female 1,092,291})
(people_age_structure_15-64_years#sierra_leone#52% {male 1,197,547; female 1,298,834})
(people_age_structure_65_years_and_over#sierra_leone#3% {male 75,066; female 71,559} {July 1996 est.})
(people_population_growth_rate#sierra_leone#4.14% {1996 est.})
(people_birth_rate#sierra_leone#47.13 births/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_death_rate#sierra_leone#18.24 deaths/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_net_migration_rate#sierra_leone#12.52 migrant{s}/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_sex_ratio_at_birth#sierra_leone#1.03 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_under_15_years#sierra_leone#0.97 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_15-64_years#sierra_leone#0.92 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_65_years_and_over#sierra_leone#1.05 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_all_ages#sierra_leone#0.95 male{s}/female {1996 est.})
(people_infant_mortality_rate#sierra_leone#135.6 deaths/1,000 live births {1996 est.})
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_total_population#sierra_leone#47.47 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_male#sierra_leone#44.56 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_female#sierra_leone#50.47 years {1996 est.})
(people_total_fertility_rate#sierra_leone#6.36 children born/woman {1996 est.})
(people_nationality_noun#sierra_leone#Sierra Leonean{s})
(people_nationality_adjective#sierra_leone#Sierra Leonean)
(people_ethnic_divisions#sierra_leone#13 native African tribes 99% {Temne 30%, Mende 30%, other 39%}, Creole, European, Lebanese, and Asian 1%)
(people_religions#sierra_leone#Muslim 60%, indigenous beliefs 30%, Christian 10%)
(people_languages#sierra_leone#English {official, regular use limited to literate minority}, Mende {principal vernacular in the south}, Temne {principal vernacular in the north}, Krio {the language of the re-settled ex-slave population of the Freetown area and is lingua franca})
(people_literacy#sierra_leone#age 15 and over can read and write in English, Mende, Temne, or Arabic {1995 est.})
(people_literacy_total_population#sierra_leone#31.4%)
(people_literacy_male#sierra_leone#45.4%)
(people_literacy_female#sierra_leone#18.2%)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_long_form#sierra_leone#Republic of Sierra Leone)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_short_form#sierra_leone#Sierra Leone)
(government_data_code#sierra_leone#SL)
(government_type_of_government#sierra_leone#constitutional democracy)
(government_capital#sierra_leone#Freetown)
(government_administrative_divisions#sierra_leone#3 provinces and 1 area*; Eastern, Northern, Southern, Western*)
(government_independence#sierra_leone#27 April 1961 {from UK})
(government_national_holiday#sierra_leone#Republic Day, 27 April {1961})
(government_constitution#sierra_leone#1 October 1991; subsequently amended several times)
(government_legal_system#sierra_leone#based on English law and customary laws indigenous to local tribes; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction)
(government_suffrage#sierra_leone#18 years of age; universal)
(government_executive_branch_chief_of_state_and_head_of_government#sierra_leone#President Ahmad Tejan KABBAH {inaugurated 29 March 1996}; election held 26-27 February 1996 {next to be held NA 2000})
(government_executive_branch_cabinet#sierra_leone#Ministers of State appointed by the president with the approval of the House of Representatives; the cabinet is responsible to the president)
(government_legislative_branch#sierra_leone#unicameral)
(government_house_of_representatives#sierra_leone#elections last held NA February 1996 {next to be held NA}; results - percent of vote by party NA; seats {80 total, 68 elected, 12 filled by paramount chiefs elected in separate elections} SLPP 27, UNPP 17, PDP 12, APC 5, NUP 4, DCP 3; note - first elections since the former House of Representatives was shut down by the military coup of 29 April 1992)
(government_judicial_branch#sierra_leone#Supreme Court)
(government_political_parties_and_leaders#sierra_leone#15 parties registered for the February 1996 elections; National Peoples Party {NPP}, Andrew TURAY; Democratic Center Party {DCP}, Abu KOROMA; Peoples Progressive Party {PPP}, Edward KAMARA, chairman; Coalition for Progress Party {CPP}, Geredine WILLIAMS-SARHO; National Unity Movement {NUM}; United National Peoples Party {UNPP}; Peoples Democratic Party {PDP}, Thaimu BANGURA, chairman; All Peoples Congress {APC}, S. A. T. KOROMA, chairman; National Republican Party {NRP}; Social Democratic Party {SDP}; Peoples National Convention {PNC}, I. B. KARGBO, chairman; National Unity Party {NUP}, A. O. D. GEORGE, chairman; Sierra Leone Peoples Party {SLPP}, Paul DUNBAR, chairman; National Democratic Alliance {NDA}; National Alliance for Democracy Party {NADP})
(government_international_organization_participation#sierra_leone#ACP, AfDB, C, CCC, ECA, ECOWAS, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Intelsat {nonsignatory user}, Interpol, IOC, ITU, NAM, OAU, OIC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_chief_of_mission#sierra_leone#{vacant})
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_chancery#sierra_leone#1701 19th Street NW, Washington, DC 20009)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_telephone#sierra_leone#[1] {202} 939-9261)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_chief_of_mission#sierra_leone#Ambassador John L. HIRSCH)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_embassy#sierra_leone#Corner of Walpole and Siaka Stevens Streets, Freetown)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_mailing_address#sierra_leone#use embassy street address)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_telephone#sierra_leone#[232] {22} 226481 through 226485)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_fax#sierra_leone#[232] {22} 225471)
(government_flag#sierra_leone#three equal horizontal bands of light green {top}, white, and light blue)
(economy_economic_overview#sierra_leone#Sierra Leone has substantial mineral, agricultural, and fishery resources. However, the economic and social infrastructure is not well developed, and serious social disorders continue to push down production, exports, and the value of the leone. Agriculture employs about two-thirds of the working population, with subsistence agriculture dominating the sector. Manufacturing consists mainly of the processing of raw materials and of light manufacturing for the domestic market. The mining of diamonds, bauxite, and rutile is the major source of hard currency. The government has worked hard to meet its IMF- and World Bank-mandated stabilization targets, holding down fiscal deficits, and retiring much of its domestic debt - but at a steep cost in terms of forgone capital investments and social spending. Moreover, the economic infrastructure has nearly collapsed due to neglect and war-related disruptions in the mining and agricultural export sectors. The continuing civil war in Liberia has led to a large influx of refugees, who place additional burdens on Sierra Leone's fragile economy.)
(economy_gdp#sierra_leone#purchasing power parity - $4.4 billion {1994 est.})
(economy_gdp_real_growth_rate#sierra_leone#-4% {1994 est.})
(economy_gdp_per_capita#sierra_leone#$960 {1994 est.})
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_agriculture#sierra_leone#40%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_industry#sierra_leone#17%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_services#sierra_leone#43% {1994})
(economy_inflation_rate_{consumer_prices}#sierra_leone#24% {1994 est.})
(economy_labor_force#sierra_leone#1.369 million {1981 est.})
(economy_labor_force_by_occupation#sierra_leone#agriculture 65%, industry 19%, services 16% {1981 est.})
(economy_labor_force_note#sierra_leone#only about 65,000 wage earners {1985})
(economy_unemployment_rate#sierra_leone#NA%)
(economy_budget_revenues#sierra_leone#$75 million)
(economy_budget_expenditures#sierra_leone#$128 million, including capital expenditures of $NA {FY94/95 est.})
(economy_industries#sierra_leone#mining {diamonds, bauxite, rutile}; small-scale manufacturing {beverages, textiles, cigarettes, footwear}; petroleum refining)
(economy_industrial_production_growth_rate#sierra_leone#$NA)
(economy_electricity_capacity#sierra_leone#130,000 kW)
(economy_electricity_production#sierra_leone#220 million kWh)
(economy_electricity_consumption_per_capita#sierra_leone#44 kWh {1993})
(economy_agriculture#sierra_leone#rice, coffee, cocoa, palm kernels, palm oil, peanuts; poultry, cattle, sheep, pigs; fish catch was 65,000 metric tons in 1994)
(economy_exports#sierra_leone#$115 million {f.o.b., 1994})
(economy_exports_commodities#sierra_leone#rutile 51%, bauxite 20%, diamonds 16%, coffee 6%, cocoa 7%, fish {1989})
(economy_exports_partners#sierra_leone#US, UK, Belgium, Germany, other Western Europe)
(economy_imports#sierra_leone#$150 million {c.i.f., 1994})
(economy_imports_commodities#sierra_leone#foodstuffs 38%, machinery and equipment 44%, fuels and lubricants 18% {1989})
(economy_imports_partners#sierra_leone#US, EU countries, Japan, China, Nigeria)
(economy_external_debt#sierra_leone#$1.4 billion {yearend 1993})
(economy_economic_aid_recipient#sierra_leone#ODA, $NA)
(economy_currency#sierra_leone#1 leone {Le} = 100 cents)
(economy_exchange_rates#sierra_leone#leones {Le} per US$1 - 951.63 {January 1996}, 755.22 {1995}, 586.74 {1994}, 567.46 {1993}, 499.44 {1992}, 295.34 {1991})
(economy_fiscal_year#sierra_leone#1 July - 30 June)
(transportation_railways_total#sierra_leone#84 km used on a limited basis because the mine at Marampa is closed)
(transportation_railways_narrow_gauge#sierra_leone#84 km 1.067-m gauge)
(transportation_highways_total#sierra_leone#11,674 km)
(transportation_highways_paved#sierra_leone#1,284 km)
(transportation_highways_unpaved#sierra_leone#10,390 km {1992 est.})
(transportation_waterways#sierra_leone#800 km; 600 km navigable year round)
(transportation_ports#sierra_leone#Bonthe, Freetown, Pepel)
(transportation_merchant_marine#sierra_leone#none)
(transportation_airports_total#sierra_leone#5)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_over_3,047_m#sierra_leone#1)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_914_to_1,523_m#sierra_leone#2)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_914_to_1,523_m#sierra_leone#2 {1995 est.})
(communications_telephones#sierra_leone#17,526 {1991 est.})
(communications_telephone_system#sierra_leone#marginal telephone and telegraph service)
(communications_telephone_system_domestic#sierra_leone#national microwave radio relay system made unserviceable by military activities)
(communications_telephone_system_international#sierra_leone#satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat {Atlantic Ocean})
(communications_radio_broadcast_stations#sierra_leone#AM 1, FM 1, shortwave 0)
(communications_radios#sierra_leone#980,000 {1992 est.})
(communications_television_broadcast_stations#sierra_leone#1)
(communications_televisions#sierra_leone#45,000 {1992 est.})
(defense_branches#sierra_leone#Army, Navy, Police, Security Forces)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_age_15-49#sierra_leone#1,019,093)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_fit_for_military_service#sierra_leone#494,451 {1996 est.})
(defense_defense_expenditures#sierra_leone#exchange rate conversion - $14 million, 2.6% of GDP {FY92/93})
(geography_location#singapore#Southeastern Asia, islands between Malaysia and Indonesia)
(geography_geographic_coordinates#singapore#1 22 N, 103 48 E)
(geography_map_references#singapore#Southeast Asia)
(geography_area_total_area#singapore#632.6 sq km)
(geography_area_land_area#singapore#622.6 sq km)
(geography_area_comparative_area#singapore#slightly more than three times the size of Washington, DC)
(geography_land_boundaries#singapore#0 km)
(geography_coastline#singapore#193 km)
(geography_maritime_claims_exclusive_fishing_zone#singapore#within and beyond territorial sea, as defined in treaties and practice)
(geography_maritime_claims_territorial_sea#singapore#3 nm)
(geography_international_disputes#singapore#two islands in dispute with Malaysia)
(geography_climate#singapore#tropical; hot, humid, rainy; no pronounced rainy or dry seasons; thunderstorms occur on 40% of all days {67% of days in April})
(geography_terrain#singapore#lowland; gently undulating central plateau contains water catchment area and nature preserve)
(geography_terrain_lowest_point#singapore#Singapore Strait 0 m)
(geography_terrain_highest_point#singapore#Bukit Timah 166 m)
(geography_natural_resources#singapore#fish, deepwater ports)
(geography_land_use_arable_land#singapore#4%)
(geography_land_use_permanent_crops#singapore#7%)
(geography_land_use_meadows_and_pastures#singapore#0%)
(geography_land_use_forest_and_woodland#singapore#5%)
(geography_land_use_other#singapore#84%)
(geography_irrigated_land#singapore#NA sq km)
(geography_environment_current_issues#singapore#industrial pollution; limited natural fresh water resources; limited land availability presents waste disposal problems)
(geography_environment_natural_hazards#singapore#NA)
(geography_environment_international_agreements#singapore#party to - Biodiversity, Endangered Species, Law of the Sea, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution; signed, but not ratified - Climate Change)
(geography_geographic_note#singapore#focal point for Southeast Asian sea routes)
(people_population#singapore#3,396,924 {July 1996 est.})
(people_age_structure_0-14_years#singapore#22% {male 379,076; female 358,739})
(people_age_structure_15-64_years#singapore#72% {male 1,220,131; female 1,219,412})
(people_age_structure_65_years_and_over#singapore#6% {male 97,882; female 121,684} {July 1996 est.})
(people_population_growth_rate#singapore#1.9% {1996 est.})
(people_birth_rate#singapore#16.28 births/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_death_rate#singapore#4.56 deaths/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_net_migration_rate#singapore#7.29 migrant{s}/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_sex_ratio_at_birth#singapore#1.06 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_under_15_years#singapore#1.06 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_15-64_years#singapore#1 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_65_years_and_over#singapore#0.8 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_all_ages#singapore#1 male{s}/female {1996 est.})
(people_infant_mortality_rate#singapore#4.7 deaths/1,000 live births {1996 est.})
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_total_population#singapore#78.13 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_male#singapore#75.07 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_female#singapore#81.39 years {1996 est.})
(people_total_fertility_rate#singapore#1.65 children born/woman {1996 est.})
(people_nationality_noun#singapore#Singaporean{s})
(people_nationality_adjective#singapore#Singapore)
(people_ethnic_divisions#singapore#Chinese 76.4%, Malay 14.9%, Indian 6.4%, other 2.3%)
(people_religions#singapore#Buddhist {Chinese}, Muslim {Malays}, Christian, Hindu, Sikh, Taoist, Confucianist)
(people_languages#singapore#Chinese {official}, Malay {official and national}, Tamil {official}, English {official})
(people_literacy#singapore#age 15 and over can read and write {1995 est.})
(people_literacy_total_population#singapore#91.1%)
(people_literacy_male#singapore#95.9%)
(people_literacy_female#singapore#86.3%)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_long_form#singapore#Republic of Singapore)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_short_form#singapore#Singapore)
(government_data_code#singapore#SN)
(government_type_of_government#singapore#republic within Commonwealth)
(government_capital#singapore#Singapore)
(government_administrative_divisions#singapore#none)
(government_independence#singapore#9 August 1965 {from Malaysia})
(government_national_holiday#singapore#National Day, 9 August {1965})
(government_constitution#singapore#3 June 1959, amended 1965 {based on preindependence State of Singapore Constitution})
(government_legal_system#singapore#based on English common law; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction)
(government_suffrage#singapore#20 years of age; universal and compulsory)
(government_executive_branch_chief_of_state#singapore#President ONG Teng Cheong {since 1 September 1993} was elected for a six-year term by popular vote; election last held 28 August 1993 {next to be held NA August 1999}; results - ONG Teng Cheong was elected with 59% of the vote in the country's first popular election for president)
(government_executive_branch_head_of_government#singapore#Prime Minister GOH Chok Tong {since 28 November 1990} and Deputy Prime Ministers LEE Hsien Loong {since 28 November 1990} and Tony TAN Keng Yam {since 1 August 1995} were appointed by the president)
(government_executive_branch_cabinet#singapore#Cabinet was appointed by the president, responsible to Parliament)
(government_legislative_branch#singapore#unicameral)
(government_parliament#singapore#elections last held 31 August 1991 {next to be held by 31 August 1996}; results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - {81 total} PAP 77, SDP 3, WP 1)
(government_judicial_branch#singapore#Supreme Court, chief justice is appointed by the president with the advice of the prime minister, other judges are appointed by the president with the advice of the chief justice)
(government_political_parties_and_leaders_government#singapore#People's Action Party {PAP}, GOH Chok Tong, secretary general)
(government_political_parties_and_leaders_opposition#singapore#Singapore Democratic Party {SDP}, CHEE Soon Juan; Workers' Party {WP}, J. B. JEYARETNAM; National Solidarity Party {NSP}, leader NA; Barisan Sosialis {BS, Socialist Front}, leader NA; Singapore People's Party {SPP}, SIN Kek Tong)
(government_international_organization_participation#singapore#APEC, AsDB, ASEAN, C, CCC, CP, ESCAP, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, ICRM, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Inmarsat, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, ISO, ITU, Mekong Group, NAM, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNIKOM, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTrO)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_chief_of_mission#singapore#Ambassador Sellapan Rama NATHAN)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_chancery#singapore#3501 International Place NW, Washington, DC 20008)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_telephone#singapore#[1] {202} 537-3100)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_fax#singapore#[1] {202} 537-0876)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_chief_of_mission#singapore#Ambassador Timothy A. CHORBA)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_embassy#singapore#30 Hill Street, Singapore 0617)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_mailing_address#singapore#FPO AP 96534)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_telephone#singapore#[65] 3380251)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_fax#singapore#[65] 3384550)
(government_flag#singapore#two equal horizontal bands of red {top} and white; near the hoist side of the red band, there is a vertical, white crescent {closed portion is toward the hoist side} partially enclosing five white five-pointed stars arranged in a circle)
(economy_economic_overview#singapore#Singapore has an open entrepreneurial economy with strong service and manufacturing sectors and excellent international trading links derived from its entrepot history. The economy registered 8.9% growth in 1995, with prospects for 7%-8% growth in 1996. In 1995, the manufacturing and financial and business services sectors led economic growth. Rising labor costs continue to be a threat to Singapore's competitiveness, and the government's strategy to address this problem includes increasing productivity, improving infrastructure, and encouraging higher value-added industries. In applied technology, per capita output, investment, and labor discipline, Singapore has key attributes of a developed country.)
(economy_gdp#singapore#purchasing power parity - $66.1 billion {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_real_growth_rate#singapore#8.9% {1995})
(economy_gdp_per_capita#singapore#$22,900 {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_agriculture#singapore#NEGL%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_industry#singapore#28%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_services#singapore#72%)
(economy_inflation_rate_{consumer_prices}#singapore#1.7% {1995})
(economy_labor_force#singapore#1.649 million {1994})
(economy_labor_force_by_occupation#singapore#financial, business, and other services 33.5%, manufacturing 25.6%, commerce 22.9%, construction 6.6%, other 11.4% {1994})
(economy_unemployment_rate#singapore#2.6% {1995 est.})
(economy_budget_revenues#singapore#$17.3 billion)
(economy_budget_expenditures#singapore#$12.9 billion, including capital expenditures of $4.5 billion {FY95/96 est.})
(economy_industries#singapore#petroleum refining, electronics, oil drilling equipment, rubber processing and rubber products, processed food and beverages, ship repair, entrepot trade, financial services, biotechnology)
(economy_industrial_production_growth_rate#singapore#10% {1995})
(economy_electricity_capacity#singapore#4,510,000 kW)
(economy_electricity_production#singapore#17 billion kWh)
(economy_electricity_consumption_per_capita#singapore#5,590 kWh {1993})
(economy_agriculture#singapore#rubber, copra, fruit, vegetables; poultry)
(economy_illicit_drugs#singapore#transit point for Golden Triangle heroin going to the US, Western Europe, and the Third World; also a money-laundering center)
(economy_exports#singapore#$119.6 billion {1995})
(economy_exports_commodities#singapore#computer equipment, rubber and rubber products, petroleum products, telecommunications equipment)
(economy_exports_partners#singapore#Malaysia 20%, US 19%, Hong Kong 9%, Japan 7%, Thailand 6% {1994})
(economy_imports#singapore#$125.9 billion {1995})
(economy_imports_commodities#singapore#aircraft, petroleum, chemicals, foodstuffs)
(economy_imports_partners#singapore#Japan 22%, Malaysia 16%, US 15%, Taiwan 4%, Saudi Arabia 4% {1994})
(economy_external_debt#singapore#$3.2 million {1994})
(economy_economic_aid#singapore#$NA)
(economy_currency#singapore#1 Singapore dollar {S$} = 100 cents)
(economy_exchange_rates#singapore#Singapore dollars {S$} per US$1 - 1.4214 {January 1996}, 1.4174 {1995}, 1.5274 {1994}, 1.6158 {1993}, 1.6290 {1992}, 1.7276 {1991})
(economy_fiscal_year#singapore#1 April - 31 March)
(transportation_railways_total#singapore#38.6 km)
(transportation_railways_narrow_gauge#singapore#38.6 km 1.000-m gauge)
(transportation_highways_total#singapore#2,989 km)
(transportation_highways_paved#singapore#2,905 km {including 111.6 km of expressways})
(transportation_highways_unpaved#singapore#84 km {1994 est.})
(transportation_ports#singapore#Singapore)
(transportation_merchant_marine_total#singapore#646 ships {1,000 GRT or over} totaling 12,915,788 GRT/20,292,580 DWT)
(transportation_merchant_marine_ships_by_type#singapore#bulk 110, cargo 118, chemical tanker 18, combination bulk 3, combination ore/oil 8, container 92, liquefied gas tanker 13, multifunction large-load carrier 4, oil tanker 234, refrigerated cargo 5, roll-on/roll-off cargo 13, short-sea passenger 1, specialized tanker 3, vehicle carrier 24)
(transportation_merchant_marine_note#singapore#a flag of convenience registry; includes ships from 22 countries among which are Japan 39, Hong Kong 27, Denmark 24, Germany 20, Sweden 14, Thailand 14, Belgium 12, Norway 9, Indonesia 7, and US 7 {1995 est.})
(transportation_airports_total#singapore#8)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_over_3,047_m#singapore#2)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_2,438_to_3,047_m#singapore#1)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_1,524_to_2,437_m#singapore#3)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_914_to_1,523_m#singapore#1)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_under_914_m#singapore#1 {1995 est.})
(communications_telephones#singapore#1.23 million {1993 est.})
(communications_telephone_system#singapore#good domestic facilities; good international service)
(communications_telephone_system_domestic#singapore#NA)
(communications_telephone_system_international#singapore#submarine cables to Malaysia {Sabah and Peninsular Malaysia}, Indonesia, and the Philippines; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat {1 Indian Ocean and 1 Pacific Ocean}, and 1 Inmarsat {Pacific Ocean region})
(communications_radio_broadcast_stations#singapore#AM 13, FM 4, shortwave 0)
(communications_radios#singapore#NA)
(communications_television_broadcast_stations#singapore#2 {1987 est.})
(communications_televisions#singapore#1.05 million {1992 est.})
(defense_branches#singapore#Army, Navy, Air Force, People's Defense Force, Police Force)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_age_15-49#singapore#1,025,300)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_fit_for_military_service#singapore#752,382 {1996 est.})
(defense_defense_expenditures#singapore#exchange rate conversion - $3.9 billion, 4.3% of GDP {1995 est.})
(geography_location#slovakia#Central Europe, south of Poland)
(geography_geographic_coordinates#slovakia#48 40 N, 19 30 E)
(geography_map_references#slovakia#Europe)
(geography_area_total_area#slovakia#48,845 sq km)
(geography_area_land_area#slovakia#48,800 sq km)
(geography_area_comparative_area#slovakia#about twice the size of New Hampshire)
(geography_land_boundaries_total#slovakia#1,355 km)
(geography_land_boundaries_border_countries#slovakia#Austria 91 km, Czech Republic 215 km, Hungary 515 km, Poland 444 km, Ukraine 90 km)
(geography_coastline#slovakia#0 km {landlocked})
(geography_maritime_claims#slovakia#none {landlocked})
(geography_international_disputes#slovakia#Gabcikovo Dam dispute with Hungary; unresolved property issues with Czech Republic over redistribution of former Czechoslovak federal property)
(geography_climate#slovakia#temperate; cool summers; cold, cloudy, humid winters)
(geography_terrain#slovakia#rugged mountains in the central and northern part and lowlands in the south)
(geography_terrain_lowest_point#slovakia#Bodrok River 94 m)
(geography_terrain_highest_point#slovakia#Gerlachovka 2,655 m)
(geography_natural_resources#slovakia#brown coal and lignite; small amounts of iron ore, copper and manganese ore; salt)
(geography_land_use_arable_land#slovakia#NA%)
(geography_land_use_permanent_crops#slovakia#NA%)
(geography_land_use_meadows_and_pastures#slovakia#NA%)
(geography_land_use_forest_and_woodland#slovakia#NA%)
(geography_land_use_other#slovakia#NA%)
(geography_irrigated_land#slovakia#NA sq km)
(geography_environment_current_issues#slovakia#air pollution from metallurgical plants presents human health risks; acid rain damaging forests)
(geography_environment_natural_hazards#slovakia#NA)
(geography_environment_international_agreements#slovakia#party to - Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Sulphur 85, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands, Whaling; signed, but not ratified - Air Pollution-Sulphur 94, Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Law of the Sea)
(geography_geographic_note#slovakia#landlocked)
(people_population#slovakia#5,374,362 {July 1996 est.})
(people_age_structure_0-14_years#slovakia#22% {male 605,379; female 579,232})
(people_age_structure_15-64_years#slovakia#67% {male 1,777,100; female 1,812,555})
(people_age_structure_65_years_and_over#slovakia#11% {male 234,377; female 365,719} {July 1996 est.})
(people_population_growth_rate#slovakia#0.34% {1996 est.})
(people_birth_rate#slovakia#12.62 births/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_death_rate#slovakia#9.35 deaths/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_net_migration_rate#slovakia#0.12 migrant{s}/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_sex_ratio_at_birth#slovakia#1.05 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_under_15_years#slovakia#1.04 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_15-64_years#slovakia#0.98 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_65_years_and_over#slovakia#0.64 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_all_ages#slovakia#0.95 male{s}/female {1996 est.})
(people_infant_mortality_rate#slovakia#10.7 deaths/1,000 live births {1996 est.})
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_total_population#slovakia#73.01 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_male#slovakia#69.01 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_female#slovakia#77.21 years {1996 est.})
(people_total_fertility_rate#slovakia#1.65 children born/woman {1996 est.})
(people_nationality_noun#slovakia#Slovak{s})
(people_nationality_adjective#slovakia#Slovak)
(people_ethnic_divisions#slovakia#Slovak 85.7%, Hungarian 10.7%, Gypsy 1.5% {the 1992 census figures underreport the Gypsy/Romany community, which could reach 500,000 or more}, Czech 1%, Ruthenian 0.3%, Ukrainian 0.3%, German 0.1%, Polish 0.1%, other 0.3%)
(people_religions#slovakia#Roman Catholic 60.3%, atheist 9.7%, Protestant 8.4%, Orthodox 4.1%, other 17.5%)
(people_languages#slovakia#Slovak {official}, Hungarian)
(people_literacy#slovakia#NA)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_long_form#slovakia#Slovak Republic)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_short_form#slovakia#Slovakia)
(government_name_of_country_local_long_form#slovakia#Slovenska Republika)
(government_name_of_country_local_short_form#slovakia#Slovensko)
(government_data_code#slovakia#LO)
(government_type_of_government#slovakia#parliamentary democracy)
(government_capital#slovakia#Bratislava)
(government_administrative_divisions#slovakia#4 departments {kraje, singular - kraj} Bratislava, Zapadoslovensky, Stredoslovensky, Vychodoslovensky)
(government_independence#slovakia#1 January 1993 {from Czechoslovakia})
(government_national_holiday#slovakia#Slovak Constitution Day, 1 September {1992})
(government_constitution#slovakia#ratified 1 September 1992, fully effective 1 January 1993)
(government_legal_system#slovakia#civil law system based on Austro-Hungarian codes; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction; legal code modified to comply with the obligations of Organization on Security and Cooperation in Europe {OSCE} and to expunge Marxist-Leninist legal theory)
(government_suffrage#slovakia#18 years of age; universal)
(government_executive_branch_chief_of_state#slovakia#President Michal KOVAC {since 8 February 1993} was elected for a five-year term by the National Parliament; election last held 8 February 1993 {next to be held NA 1998})
(government_executive_branch_head_of_government#slovakia#Prime Minister Vladimir MECIAR {since 12 December 1994} was appointed by the president)
(government_executive_branch_cabinet#slovakia#Cabinet was appointed by the president on recommendation of the prime minister)
(government_legislative_branch#slovakia#unicameral)
(government_national_parliament_{narodni_rada}#slovakia#elections last held 30 September-1 October 1994 {next to be held by October 1998}; results - HZDS 35%, SDL 10.4%, Hungarian coalition {Hungarian Christian Democrats, Hungarian Civic Party, Coexistence} 10.2%, KDH 10.1%, DU 8.6%, ZRS 7.3%, SNS 5.4%; seats - {150 total} governing coalition 83 {HZDS 61, ZRS 13, SNS 9}, opposition 67 {SDL 18, Hungarian coalition 17, KDH 17, DU 15})
(government_judicial_branch#slovakia#Supreme Court, judges are elected by the National Parliament)
(government_political_parties_and_leaders#slovakia#Movement for a Democratic Slovakia {HZDS}, Vladimir MECIAR, chairman; Common Choice/Party of the Democratic Left {SDL}, Peter WEISS, chairman; Hungarian Christian Democrats, Vojtech BUGAR; Hungarian Civic Party; Coexistence, Miklos DURAY, chairman; Christian Democratic Movement {KDH}, Jan CARNOGURSKY; Democratic Union {DU}, Jozef MORAVCIK, chairman; Association of Slovak Workers {ZRS}, Jan LUPTAK, chairman; Slovak National Party {SNS}, Jan SLOTA, chairman)
(government_other_political_or_pressure_groups#slovakia#Green Party; Social Democratic Party of Slovakia; Slovak Christian Union)
(government_international_organization_participation#slovakia#Australia Group, BIS, BSEC {observer}, CCC, CE {guest}, CEI, CERN, EBRD, ECE, EU {applicant}, FAO, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Inmarset, Intelsat, Intelsat {nonsignatory user}, IOC, IOM {observer}, ISO, ITU, NACC, NSG, OSCE, PCA, PFP, UN, UNAVEM III, UNCRO, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WEU {associate partner}, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO, ZC)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_chief_of_mission#slovakia#Ambassador Branislav LICHARDUS)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_chancery#slovakia#{temporary} Suite 380, 2201 Wisconsin Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20007)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_telephone#slovakia#[1] {202} 965-5161)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_fax#slovakia#[1] {202} 965-5166)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_chief_of_mission#slovakia#Ambassador Ralph JOHNSON)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_embassy#slovakia#Hviezdoslavovo Namestie 4, 81102 Bratislava)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_mailing_address#slovakia#use embassy street address)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_telephone#slovakia#[42] {7} 533-0861, 533-3338)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_fax#slovakia#[42] {7} 533-5439)
(government_flag#slovakia#three equal horizontal bands of white {top}, blue, and red superimposed with the Slovak cross in a shield centered on the hoist side; the cross is white centered on a background of red and blue)
(economy_economic_overview#slovakia#Since its separation from the Czech Republic on 1 January 1993, Slovakia has continued the difficult transformation from a centrally controlled economy to a modern market-oriented economy. Macroeconomic performance improved steadily in 1994 and 1995 - with 4.8% and 6% growth, respectively. But privatization progressed only in fits and starts. Strong export performance boosted growth in both years, with consumption and investment rebounding. Unemployment fell to 12.8% in November 1995, the lowest level since mid-1993, and inflation dropped from 26% in 1993 to 7.5% in 1995. The federal government deficit fell from 7% of GDP in 1993 to less than 2% in 1994-95, as growth boosted revenues. Positive international financial performance led Standard & Poor's to raise its rating of the National Bank of Slovakia's foreign currency debt to just one step below investment grade. The trade and current accounts are both in surplus, and foreign currency reserves held by the central bank have climbed to $3.5 billion. Foreign debt of $4.6 billion - about the same as Romania's - is the lowest in Central and Eastern Europe and the second lowest per capita. Bratislava made the Slovak crown convertible for current account transactions on 1 October 1995. Slovakia continued to have difficulty attracting foreign investment, however, because of perceived political uncertainty and vacillations in privatization policy. The government as well as the OECD projects 5% growth in 1996 and 1997.)
(economy_gdp#slovakia#purchasing power parity - $39 billion {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_real_growth_rate#slovakia#6% {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_per_capita#slovakia#$7,200 {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_agriculture#slovakia#6.7%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_industry#slovakia#47.6%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_services#slovakia#45.7% {1993 est.})
(economy_inflation_rate_{consumer_prices}#slovakia#7.5% {1995 est.})
(economy_labor_force#slovakia#2.484 million)
(economy_labor_force_by_occupation#slovakia#industry 33.2%, agriculture 12.2%, construction 10.3%, communication and other 44.3% {1990})
(economy_unemployment_rate#slovakia#13% {1995 est.})
(economy_budget_revenues#slovakia#$6.1 billion)
(economy_budget_expenditures#slovakia#$6.4 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA {1995 est.})
(economy_industries#slovakia#metal and metal products; food and beverages; electricity, gas, coke, oil, and nuclear fuel; chemicals and manmade fibers; machinery; paper and printing; earthenware and ceramics; transport vehicles; textiles; electrical and optical apparatus; rubber products)
(economy_industrial_production_growth_rate#slovakia#7.8% {January-August 1995})
(economy_electricity_capacity#slovakia#6,300,000 kW)
(economy_electricity_production#slovakia#20.9 billion kWh)
(economy_electricity_consumption_per_capita#slovakia#3,609 kWh {1993})
(economy_agriculture#slovakia#grains, potatoes, sugar beets, hops, fruit; hogs, cattle, poultry; forest products)
(economy_illicit_drugs#slovakia#transshipment point for Southwest Asian heroin bound for Western Europe)
(economy_exports#slovakia#$8.8 billion {f.o.b., January-November 1995})
(economy_exports_commodities#slovakia#machinery and transport equipment; chemicals; fuels, minerals, and metals; agricultural products)
(economy_exports_partners#slovakia#Czech Republic 35.4%, Germany 18.9%, Austria 5.0%, Italy 4.7%, Hungary 4.6%, Poland 4.4%, Russia 3.6%, Ukraine 2.1%, France 2.0%, Netherlands 1.7% {January-October 1995})
(economy_imports#slovakia#$8.7 billion {f.o.b., January-November 1995})
(economy_imports_commodities#slovakia#machinery and transport equipment; fuels and lubricants; manufactured goods; raw materials; chemicals; agricultural products)
(economy_imports_partners#slovakia#Czech Republic 28.1%, Russia 16.8%, Germany 14.3%, Austria 5.2%, Italy 4.5%, Poland 2.9%, US 2.3%, France 2.3%, Hungary 2.2%, Netherlands 1.7%, Ukraine 1.5% {January-October 1995})
(economy_external_debt#slovakia#$4.6 billion hard currency indebtedness {1995 est.})
(economy_economic_aid_recipient#slovakia#ODA, $104 million {1993})
(economy_currency#slovakia#1 koruna {Sk} = 100 halierov)
(economy_exchange_rates#slovakia#koruny {Sk} per US$1 - 29.587 {August 1995}, 29.447 {November 1994}, 32.045 {1994}, 30.770 {1993}, 28.26 {1992}, 29.53 {1991}; note - values before 1993 reflect Czechoslovak exchange rate)
(economy_fiscal_year#slovakia#calendar year)
(transportation_railways_total#slovakia#3,660 km)
(transportation_railways_broad_gauge#slovakia#102 km 1.520-m gauge)
(transportation_railways_standard_gauge#slovakia#3,507 km 1.435-m gauge {1378 km electrified})
(transportation_railways_narrow_gauge#slovakia#51 km {46 km 1,000-m gauge; 5 km 0.750-m gauge} {1995})
(transportation_highways_total#slovakia#17,737 km)
(transportation_highways_paved#slovakia#NA km)
(transportation_highways_unpaved#slovakia#NA km {1993 est.})
(transportation_waterways#slovakia#172 km on the Danube)
(transportation_pipelines#slovakia#petroleum products NA km; natural gas 2,700 km)
(transportation_ports#slovakia#Bratislava, Komarno)
(transportation_merchant_marine_total#slovakia#4 cargo ships {1,000 GRT or over} totaling 17,010 GRT/22,039 DWT {1995 est.})
(transportation_airports#slovakia#37)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_over_3,047_m#slovakia#1)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_2,438_to_3,047_m#slovakia#3)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_1,524_to_2,437_m#slovakia#2)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_914_to_1,523_m#slovakia#2)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_under_914_m#slovakia#4)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_2,438_to_3,047_m#slovakia#2)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_1,524_to_2,437_m#slovakia#2)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_914_to_1,523_m#slovakia#10)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_under_914_m#slovakia#11 {1994 est.})
(communications_telephones#slovakia#1,362,178 {1992 est.})
(communications_telephone_system_domestic#slovakia#NA)
(communications_telephone_system_international#slovakia#NA)
(communications_radio_broadcast_stations#slovakia#AM NA, FM NA, shortwave NA; note - there is 1 station of NA type)
(communications_radios#slovakia#1.1 million {1992 est.})
(communications_television_broadcast_stations#slovakia#1)
(communications_televisions#slovakia#1.6 million {1994 est.})
(defense_branches#slovakia#Army, Air and Air Defense Forces, Civil Defense, Railroad Units)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_age_15-49#slovakia#1,442,321)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_fit_for_military_service#slovakia#1,104,901)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_reach_military_age_{18}_annually#slovakia#48,695 {1996 est.})
(defense_defense_expenditures#slovakia#exchange rate conversion - $430 million, 3.0% of GDP {1995})
(geography_location#slovenia#Southeastern Europe, bordering the Adriatic Sea, between Croatia and Italy)
(geography_geographic_coordinates#slovenia#46 00 N, 15 00 E)
(geography_map_references#slovenia#Europe)
(geography_area_total_area#slovenia#20,256 sq km)
(geography_area_land_area#slovenia#20,256 sq km)
(geography_area_comparative_area#slovenia#slightly larger than New Jersey)
(geography_land_boundaries_total#slovenia#1,207 km)
(geography_land_boundaries_border_countries#slovenia#Austria 324 km, Croatia 546 km, Italy 235 km, Hungary 102 km)
(geography_coastline#slovenia#46.6 km)
(geography_maritime_claims#slovenia#NA)
(geography_international_disputes#slovenia#maritime border dispute with Croatia over direct access to the sea in the Adriatic; the border issue is currently under negotiation)
(geography_climate#slovenia#Mediterranean climate on the coast, continental climate with mild to hot summers and cold winters in the plateaus and valleys to the east)
(geography_terrain#slovenia#a short coastal strip on the Adriatic, an alpine mountain region adjacent to Italy, mixed mountain and valleys with numerous rivers to the east)
(geography_terrain_lowest_point#slovenia#Adriatic Sea 0 m)
(geography_terrain_highest_point#slovenia#Triglav 2,864 m)
(geography_natural_resources#slovenia#lignite coal, lead, zinc, mercury, uranium, silver)
(geography_land_use_arable_land#slovenia#10%)
(geography_land_use_permanent_crops#slovenia#2%)
(geography_land_use_meadows_and_pastures#slovenia#20%)
(geography_land_use_forest_and_woodland#slovenia#45%)
(geography_land_use_other#slovenia#23%)
(geography_irrigated_land#slovenia#NA sq km)
(geography_environment_current_issues#slovenia#Sava River polluted with domestic and industrial waste; pollution of coastal waters with heavy metals and toxic chemicals; forest damage near Koper from air pollution {originating at metallurgical and chemical plants} and resulting acid rain)
(geography_environment_natural_hazards#slovenia#flooding and earthquakes)
(geography_environment_international_agreements#slovenia#party to - Air Pollution, Climate Change, Hazardous Wastes, Marine Dumping, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands; signed, but not ratified - Air Pollution-Sulphur 94, Biodiversity, Law of the Sea)
(people_population#slovenia#1,951,443 {July 1996 est.})
(people_age_structure_0-14_years#slovenia#17% {male 172,778; female 163,695})
(people_age_structure_15-64_years#slovenia#70% {male 682,501; female 678,781})
(people_age_structure_65_years_and_over#slovenia#13% {male 91,819; female 161,869} {July 1996 est.})
(people_population_growth_rate#slovenia#-0.27% {1996 est.})
(people_birth_rate#slovenia#8.27 births/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_death_rate#slovenia#9.4 deaths/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_net_migration_rate#slovenia#-1.57 migrant{s}/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_sex_ratio_at_birth#slovenia#1.06 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_under_15_years#slovenia#1.06 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_15-64_years#slovenia#1 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_65_years_and_over#slovenia#0.57 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_all_ages#slovenia#0.94 male{s}/female {1996 est.})
(people_infant_mortality_rate#slovenia#7.3 deaths/1,000 live births {1996 est.})
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_total_population#slovenia#75.09 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_male#slovenia#71.4 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_female#slovenia#79 years {1996 est.})
(people_total_fertility_rate#slovenia#1.13 children born/woman {1996 est.})
(people_nationality_noun#slovenia#Slovene{s})
(people_nationality_adjective#slovenia#Slovenian)
(people_ethnic_divisions#slovenia#Slovene 91%, Croat 3%, Serb 2%, Muslim 1%, other 3%)
(people_religions#slovenia#Roman Catholic 96% {including 2% Uniate}, Muslim 1%, other 3%)
(people_languages#slovenia#Slovenian 91%, Serbo-Croatian 7%, other 2%)
(people_literacy#slovenia#NA)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_long_form#slovenia#Republic of Slovenia)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_short_form#slovenia#Slovenia)
(government_name_of_country_local_long_form#slovenia#Republika Slovenije)
(government_name_of_country_local_short_form#slovenia#Slovenija)
(government_data_code#slovenia#SI)
(government_type_of_government#slovenia#emerging democracy)
(government_capital#slovenia#Ljubljana)
(government_administrative_divisions#slovenia#60 provinces {pokajine, singular - pokajina} Ajdovscina, Brezice, Celje, Cerknica, Crnomelj, Dravograd, Gornja Radgona, Grosuplje, Hrastnik Lasko, Idrija, Ilirska Bistrica, Izola, Jesenice, Kamnik, Kocevje, Koper, Kranj, Krsko, Lenart, Lendava, Litija, Ljubljana-Bezigrad, Ljubljana-Center, Ljubljana-Moste-Polje, Ljubljana-Siska, Ljubljana-Vic-Rudnik, Ljutomer, Logatec, Maribor, Metlika, Mozirje, Murska Sobota, Nova Gorica, Novo Mesto, Ormoz, Pesnica, Piran, Postojna, Ptuj, Radlje Ob Dravi, Radovljica, Ravne Na Koroskem, Ribnica, Ruse, Sentjur Pri Celju, Sevnica, Sezana, Skofja Loka, Slovenj Gradec, Slovenska Bistrica, Slovenske Konjice, Smarje Pri Jelsah, Tolmin, Trbovlje, Trebnje, Trzic, Velenje, Vrhnika, Zagorje Ob Savi, Zalec)
(government_independence#slovenia#25 June 1991 {from Yugoslavia})
(government_national_holiday#slovenia#National Statehood Day, 25 June {1991})
(government_constitution#slovenia#adopted 23 December 1991, effective 23 December 1991)
(government_legal_system#slovenia#based on civil law system)
(government_suffrage#slovenia#18 years of age; universal {16 years of age, if employed})
(government_executive_branch_chief_of_state#slovenia#President Milan KUCAN {since 22 April 1990} was reelected for a five-year term by universal suffrage; election last held 6 December 1992 {next to be held NA 1997}; results - Milan KUCAN reelected)
(government_executive_branch_head_of_government#slovenia#Prime Minister Janez DRNOVSEK {since 14 May 1992} was nominated by the president and elected by the National Assembly)
(government_executive_branch_cabinet#slovenia#Council of Ministers was nominated by the prime minister and elected by the National Assembly)
(government_legislative_branch#slovenia#unicameral; advisory National Council)
(government_national_assembly#slovenia#elections last held 6 December 1992 {next to be held Fall 1996}; results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - {90 total} LDS 22, SKD 15, ZLSD 14, SNS 12, SLS 10, DSS 6, ZS 5, SDSS 4, Hungarian minority 1, Italian minority 1; note - seating as of January 1996 is as follows: LDS 30, SKD 15, ZLSD 14, SLS 12, DSS 4, SDSS 4, SNS 4, SND 3, Hungarian minority 1, Italian minority 1, independents 2)
(government_national_council#slovenia#the Council is an advisory body with no direct legislative powers; in the election of 6 December 1992, 40 members were elected to represent local, professional, and socioeconomic interests {next election to be held NA Fall 1996})
(government_judicial_branch#slovenia#Supreme Court, judges are elected by the National Assembly on recommendation of the Judicial Council; Constitutional Court, judges elected for nine-year terms by the National Assembly and nominated by the president)
(government_political_parties_and_leaders#slovenia#Liberal Democratic {LDS}, Janez DRNOVSEK, chairman; Slovene Christian Democrats {SKD}, Lozje PETERLE, chairman; Social Democratic Party of Slovenia {SDSS}, Janez JANSA, chairman; Slovene People's Party {SLS}, Marjan PODOBNIK, chairman; United List {former Communists and allies - ZLSD}, Janez KOCIJANCIC, chairman; Slovene National Party {SNS}, Zmago JELINCIC, chairman; Democratic Party {DSS}, Tone PERSAK, chairman; Greens of Slovenia {ZS}, Dusan PLUT, chairman, note - Greens merged with the LDS; Slovene National Right {SND}, Saso LAP, chairman)
(government_political_parties_and_leaders_note#slovenia#parties have changed as of the December 1992 elections)
(government_other_political_or_pressure_groups#slovenia#none)
(government_international_organization_participation#slovenia#CCC, CE, CEI, EBRD, ECE, FAO, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Intelsat {nonsignatory user}, Interpol, IOC, IOM {observer}, ISO, ITU, NACC, NAM {guest}, OSCE, PFP, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_chief_of_mission#slovenia#Ambassador Ernest PETRIC)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_chancery#slovenia#1525 New Hampshire Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20036)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_telephone#slovenia#[1] {202} 667-5363)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_fax#slovenia#[1] {202} 667-4563)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_consulate{s}_general#slovenia#New York)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_chief_of_mission#slovenia#Ambassador Victor JACKOVICH)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_embassy#slovenia#address NA, Ljubljana)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_mailing_address#slovenia#P.O. Box 254, Prazakova 4, 61000 Ljubljana; American Embassy, Ljubljana, Department of State, Washington, DC 20521-7140)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_telephone#slovenia#[386] {61} 301-427, 472, 485)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_fax#slovenia#[386] {61} 301-401)
(government_flag#slovenia#three equal horizontal bands of white {top}, blue, and red with the Slovenian seal {a shield with the image of Triglav in white against a blue background at the center, beneath it are two wavy blue lines depicting seas and rivers, and around it, there are three six-sided stars arranged in an inverted triangle}; the seal is located in the upper hoist side of the flag centered in the white and blue bands)
(economy_economic_overview#slovenia#Slovenia appears to be making a solid economic recovery, fulfilling the promise it showed at the time of Yugoslavia's breakup. Its per capita GDP is now the highest in Central and Eastern Europe and not far below the levels in the poorer West European countries. Slovenia has benefited from strong ties to Western Europe and suffered comparatively small physical damage during Yugoslavia's breakup. The beginning was difficult, however. Real GDP fell 15% in 1991-92, while inflation soared to 200% in 1992 and unemployment reached 9%. The turning point came in 1993, when real GDP grew 1%, unemployment leveled off, and inflation slowed dramatically. In 1994, real GDP rose 5.5%, tapering off to an estimated 4.8% in 1995, while inflation and unemployment both were down to about 8% by late 1995. The government gets good marks from foreign observers for fiscal policy - the budget deficit has not exceeded 1% of GDP in any year since 1991, and the current account balance has remained in surplus throughout the transition period, with the exception of 1995. The Slovene privatization program, which began in 1994, involves about 1,400 firms, but only 412 have been privatized. The rest are expected to reach private hands by end-1996, but that does not include firms in so-called strategic industries, such as telecommunications and energy. Foreign investment jumped to an estimated $150 million in 1995 from $83.7 million in 1994. With inflation and unemployment expected to continue edging down, the outlook for 1996 is generally good. A slowdown in Western Europe - which buys 70% of Slovenia's exports - could hurt exports, however, lowering GDP growth to about 4% and perhaps pushing the current account into a small deficit.)
(economy_gdp#slovenia#purchasing power parity - $22.6 billion {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_real_growth_rate#slovenia#4.8% {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_per_capita#slovenia#$11,000 {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_agriculture#slovenia#5.3%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_industry#slovenia#39.9%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_services#slovenia#54.8% {1992 est.})
(economy_inflation_rate_{consumer_prices}#slovenia#8% {December 1995 est.})
(economy_labor_force#slovenia#786,036)
(economy_labor_force_by_occupation#slovenia#agriculture 2%, manufacturing and mining 46%)
(economy_unemployment_rate#slovenia#8% {December 1995 est.})
(economy_budget_revenues#slovenia#$6.6 billion)
(economy_budget_expenditures#slovenia#$6.6 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA {1993})
(economy_industries#slovenia#ferrous metallurgy and rolling mill products, aluminum reduction and rolled products, lead and zinc smelting, electronics {including military electronics}, trucks, electric power equipment, wood products, textiles, chemicals, machine tools)
(economy_industrial_production_growth_rate#slovenia#2% {1995 est.})
(economy_electricity_capacity#slovenia#2,700,000 kW)
(economy_electricity_production#slovenia#8.9 billion kWh)
(economy_electricity_consumption_per_capita#slovenia#4,470 kWh {1993})
(economy_agriculture#slovenia#potatoes, hops, wheat, sugar beets, corn, grapes; cattle, sheep, poultry)
(economy_illicit_drugs#slovenia#transit point for Southwest Asian heroin bound for Western Europe)
(economy_exports#slovenia#$8.3 billion {f.o.b., 1995 est.})
(economy_exports_commodities#slovenia#machinery and transport equipment 27%, intermediate manufactured goods 26%, chemicals 9%, food 4.8%, raw materials 3%, consumer goods 26% {1993})
(economy_exports_partners#slovenia#Germany 30.9%, former Yugoslavia 14.0%, Italy 14.1%, France 8.9%, Austria 6.4%, CEFTA {Central European Free Trade Agreement} countries 5% {January-August 1995 est.})
(economy_imports#slovenia#$9.1 billion {f.o.b., 1995 est.})
(economy_imports_commodities#slovenia#machinery and transport equipment 30%, intermediate manufactured goods 17.6%, chemicals 11.5%, raw materials 5.3%, fuels and lubricants 10.8%, food 8.4% {1993})
(economy_imports_partners#slovenia#Germany 23.3%, Italy 16.8%, former Yugoslavia 7.0%, France 8.5%, Austria 9.7% {January-August 1995 est.})
(economy_external_debt#slovenia#$2.9 billion {1995})
(economy_economic_aid_recipient#slovenia#ODA, $5 million {1993})
(economy_currency#slovenia#1 tolar {SlT} = 100 stotins)
(economy_exchange_rates#slovenia#tolars {SlT} per US$1 - 121.27 {November 1995}, 118.9 {1995}, 128.81 {1994}, 113.24 {1993}, 81.29 {1992}, 27.57 {1991})
(economy_fiscal_year#slovenia#calendar year)
(transportation_railways_total#slovenia#1,201 km)
(transportation_railways_standard_gauge#slovenia#1,201 km 1.435-m gauge {electrified 499 km} {1994})
(transportation_highways_total#slovenia#14,794 km)
(transportation_highways_paved#slovenia#13,314 km {including 187 km of expressways})
(transportation_highways_unpaved#slovenia#1,480 km {1994 est.})
(transportation_waterways#slovenia#NA)
(transportation_pipelines#slovenia#crude oil 290 km; natural gas 305 km)
(transportation_ports#slovenia#Izola, Koper, Piran)
(transportation_merchant_marine_total#slovenia#14 ships {1,000 GRT or over} totaling 229,727 GRT/290,456 DWT {controlled by Slovenian owners})
(transportation_merchant_marine_ships_by_type#slovenia#bulk 9, cargo 1, container 4)
(transportation_merchant_marine_note#slovenia#ships operate under the flags of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Singapore, Liberia, and Antigua and Barbuda; no ships remain under the Slovenian flag {1995 est.})
(transportation_airports_total#slovenia#14)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_over_3,047_m#slovenia#1)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_2,438_to_3,047_m#slovenia#1)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_1,524_to_2,437_m#slovenia#1)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_914_to_1,523_m#slovenia#2)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_under_914_m#slovenia#5)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_1,524_to_2,437_m#slovenia#2)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_914_to_1,523_m#slovenia#2 {1995 est.})
(communications_telephones#slovenia#527,800 {1993 est.})
(communications_telephone_system_domestic#slovenia#NA)
(communications_telephone_system_international#slovenia#NA)
(communications_radio_broadcast_stations#slovenia#AM 6, FM 5, shortwave 0)
(communications_radio_broadcast_stations_note#slovenia#there are more than 20 regional and local radio broadcast stations)
(communications_radios#slovenia#596,100 {1993 est.})
(communications_television_broadcast_stations#slovenia#7)
(communications_television_broadcast_stations_note#slovenia#there are more than 20 local cable television broadcast stations)
(communications_televisions#slovenia#454,400 {1993 est.})
(defense_branches#slovenia#Slovene Defense Forces)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_age_15-49#slovenia#525,925)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_fit_for_military_service#slovenia#419,456)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_reach_military_age_{19}_annually#slovenia#15,350 {1996 est.})
(defense_defense_expenditures#slovenia#13.5 billion tolars, 3.6% of GDP {1995 est.}; note - conversion of the military budget into US dollars using the current exchange rate could produce misleading results)
(geography_location#solomon_islands#Oceania, group of islands in the South Pacific Ocean, east of Papua New Guinea)
(geography_geographic_coordinates#solomon_islands#8 00 S, 159 00 E)
(geography_map_references#solomon_islands#Oceania)
(geography_area_total_area#solomon_islands#28,450 sq km)
(geography_area_land_area#solomon_islands#27,540 sq km)
(geography_area_comparative_area#solomon_islands#slightly larger than Maryland)
(geography_land_boundaries#solomon_islands#0 km)
(geography_coastline#solomon_islands#5,313 km)
(geography_maritime_claims#solomon_islands#measured from claimed archipelagic baselines)
(geography_maritime_claims_continental_shelf#solomon_islands#200 nm)
(geography_maritime_claims_exclusive_economic_zone#solomon_islands#200 nm)
(geography_maritime_claims_territorial_sea#solomon_islands#12 nm)
(geography_international_disputes#solomon_islands#none)
(geography_climate#solomon_islands#tropical monsoon; few extremes of temperature and weather)
(geography_terrain#solomon_islands#mostly rugged mountains with some low coral atolls)
(geography_terrain_lowest_point#solomon_islands#Pacific Ocean 0 m)
(geography_terrain_highest_point#solomon_islands#Mount Makarakomburu 2,447 m)
(geography_natural_resources#solomon_islands#fish, forests, gold, bauxite, phosphates, lead, zinc, nickel)
(geography_land_use_arable_land#solomon_islands#1%)
(geography_land_use_permanent_crops#solomon_islands#1%)
(geography_land_use_meadows_and_pastures#solomon_islands#1%)
(geography_land_use_forest_and_woodland#solomon_islands#93%)
(geography_land_use_other#solomon_islands#4%)
(geography_irrigated_land#solomon_islands#NA sq km)
(geography_environment_current_issues#solomon_islands#deforestation; soil erosion; much of the surrounding coral reefs are dead or dying)
(geography_environment_natural_hazards#solomon_islands#typhoons, but they are rarely destructive; geologically active region with frequent earth tremors; volcanic activity)
(geography_environment_international_agreements#solomon_islands#party to - Biodiversity, Climate Change, Environmental Modification, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Whaling; signed, but not ratified - Law of the Sea)
(people_population#solomon_islands#412,902 {July 1996 est.})
(people_age_structure_0-14_years#solomon_islands#46% {male 96,241; female 92,722})
(people_age_structure_15-64_years#solomon_islands#51% {male 107,482; female 104,293})
(people_age_structure_65_years_and_over#solomon_islands#3% {male 6,129; female 6,035} {July 1996 est.})
(people_population_growth_rate#solomon_islands#3.35% {1996 est.})
(people_birth_rate#solomon_islands#37.91 births/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_death_rate#solomon_islands#4.41 deaths/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_net_migration_rate#solomon_islands#0 migrant{s}/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_sex_ratio_at_birth#solomon_islands#1.05 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_under_15_years#solomon_islands#1.04 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_15-64_years#solomon_islands#1.03 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_65_years_and_over#solomon_islands#1.02 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_all_ages#solomon_islands#1.03 male{s}/female {1996 est.})
(people_infant_mortality_rate#solomon_islands#25.8 deaths/1,000 live births {1996 est.})
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_total_population#solomon_islands#71.14 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_male#solomon_islands#68.67 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_female#solomon_islands#73.74 years {1996 est.})
(people_total_fertility_rate#solomon_islands#5.43 children born/woman {1996 est.})
(people_nationality_noun#solomon_islands#Solomon Islander{s})
(people_nationality_adjective#solomon_islands#Solomon Islander)
(people_ethnic_divisions#solomon_islands#Melanesian 93%, Polynesian 4%, Micronesian 1.5%, European 0.8%, Chinese 0.3%, other 0.4%)
(people_religions#solomon_islands#Anglican 34%, Roman Catholic 19%, Baptist 17%, United {Methodist/Presbyterian} 11%, Seventh-Day Adventist 10%, other Protestant 5%, traditional beliefs 4%)
(people_languages#solomon_islands#Melanesian pidgin in much of the country is lingua franca, English spoken by 1%-2% of population)
(people_languages_note#solomon_islands#120 indigenous languages)
(people_literacy#solomon_islands#NA)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_long_form#solomon_islands#none)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_short_form#solomon_islands#Solomon Islands)
(government_name_of_country_former#solomon_islands#British Solomon Islands)
(government_data_code#solomon_islands#BP)
(government_type_of_government#solomon_islands#parliamentary democracy)
(government_capital#solomon_islands#Honiara)
(government_administrative_divisions#solomon_islands#7 provinces and 1 town*; Central, Guadalcanal, Honiara*, Isabel, Makira, Malaita, Temotu, Western)
(government_administrative_divisions_note#solomon_islands#there may be two new provinces of Choiseul {Lauru} and Rennell/Bellona and the administrative unit of Honiara may have been abolished)
(government_independence#solomon_islands#7 July 1978 {from UK})
(government_national_holiday#solomon_islands#Independence Day, 7 July {1978})
(government_constitution#solomon_islands#7 July 1978)
(government_legal_system#solomon_islands#common law)
(government_suffrage#solomon_islands#21 years of age; universal)
(government_executive_branch_chief_of_state#solomon_islands#Queen ELIZABETH II {since 6 February 1952} is a hereditary monarch, represented by Governor General Moses PITAKAKA {since 10 June 1994} who was appointed for up to five years by the queen on the advice of Parliament)
(government_executive_branch_head_of_government#solomon_islands#Prime Minister Solomon MAMALONI {since 7 November 1994} was elected by and from Parliament; Deputy Prime Minister Danny PHILIP {since NA October 1995} was appointed by the governor general on the advice of the prime minister from among the members of Parliament)
(government_executive_branch_cabinet#solomon_islands#Cabinet was appointed by the governor general on the advice of the prime minister from among the members of Parliament)
(government_legislative_branch#solomon_islands#unicameral)
(government_national_parliament#solomon_islands#elections last held 26 May 1993 {next to be held NA 1997}; results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - {47 total} GNUR 21, PAP 7, NAPSI 5, SILP 4, UP 4, independents 6)
(government_judicial_branch#solomon_islands#High Court)
(government_political_parties_and_leaders#solomon_islands#National Unity and Reconciliation Group {GNUR}, Solomon MAMALONI; People's Alliance Party {PAP}; National Action Party {NAPSI}, leader NA; Solomon Islands Labor Party {SILP}, leader NA; United Party {UP}, leader NA; Nationalist Front for Progress {NFP}, Andrew NORI; Labor Party {LP}, Joses TUHANUKU; Christian Fellowship, leader NA)
(government_international_organization_participation#solomon_islands#ACP, AsDB, C, ESCAP, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Intelsat {nonsignatory user}, IOC, ITU, Sparteca, SPC, SPF, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WMO)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us#solomon_islands#Solomon Islands do not have an embassy in the US; the ambassador to the US traditionally resides in Honiara {Solomon Islands})
(government_us_diplomatic_representation#solomon_islands#the US does not have an embassy in Solomon Islands {embassy closed July 1993}; the ambassador to Papua New Guinea is accredited to the Solomon Islands)
(government_flag#solomon_islands#divided diagonally by a thin yellow stripe from the lower hoist-side corner; the upper triangle {hoist side} is blue with five white five-pointed stars arranged in an X pattern; the lower triangle is green)
(economy_economic_overview#solomon_islands#The bulk of the population depend on subsistence agriculture, fishing, and forestry for at least part of their livelihood. Most manufactured goods and petroleum products must be imported. The islands are rich in undeveloped mineral resources such as lead, zinc, nickel, and gold. The government of the Solomon Islands is nearing financial insolvency. In mid-1995 the central bank suspended interest and principal payments on government bonds and treasury bills held by financial institutions and the general public. The government has taken no steps to restrain expenditure or address the deficit, which is expected to be considerably higher than the $20 million forecasted in the 1996 budget.)
(economy_gdp#solomon_islands#purchasing power parity - $1 billion {1992 est.})
(economy_gdp_real_growth_rate#solomon_islands#8% {1992 est.})
(economy_gdp_per_capita#solomon_islands#$2,590 {1992 est.})
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_agriculture#solomon_islands#NA%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_industry#solomon_islands#NA%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_services#solomon_islands#NA%)
(economy_inflation_rate_{consumer_prices}#solomon_islands#13% {1994})
(economy_labor_force#solomon_islands#26,842)
(economy_labor_force_by_occupation#solomon_islands#services 41.5%, agriculture, forestry, and fishing 23.7%, commerce, transport, and finance 21.7%, construction, manufacturing, and mining 13.1% {1992 est.})
(economy_unemployment_rate#solomon_islands#NA%)
(economy_budget_revenues#solomon_islands#$81.3 million)
(economy_budget_expenditures#solomon_islands#$101.9 million, including capital expenditures of $NA {1995 est.})
(economy_industries#solomon_islands#copra, fish {tuna})
(economy_industrial_production_growth_rate#solomon_islands#-3.8% {1991 est.})
(economy_electricity_capacity#solomon_islands#21,000 kW)
(economy_electricity_production#solomon_islands#30 million kWh)
(economy_electricity_consumption_per_capita#solomon_islands#80 kWh {1993})
(economy_agriculture#solomon_islands#cocoa, beans, coconuts, palm kernels, rice, potatoes, vegetables, fruit; cattle, pigs; timber; fish)
(economy_exports#solomon_islands#$94 million {f.o.b., 1993})
(economy_exports_commodities#solomon_islands#fish 46%, timber 31%, palm oil 5%, cocoa, copra)
(economy_exports_partners#solomon_islands#Japan 39%, UK 23%, Thailand 9%, Australia 5%, US 2% {1991})
(economy_imports#solomon_islands#$101 million {c.i.f., 1993})
(economy_imports_commodities#solomon_islands#plant and machinery, manufactured goods, food and live animals, fuel)
(economy_imports_partners#solomon_islands#Australia 34%, Japan 16%, Singapore 14%, NZ 9%)
(economy_external_debt#solomon_islands#$128 million {1988 est.})
(economy_economic_aid_recipient#solomon_islands#ODA, $NA)
(economy_currency#solomon_islands#1 Solomon Islands dollar {SI$} = 100 cents)
(economy_exchange_rates#solomon_islands#Solomon Islands dollars {SI$} per US$1 - 3.3713 {2d quarter 1995}, 3.2914 {1994}, 3.1877 {1993}, 2.9281 {1992}, 2.7148 {1991})
(economy_fiscal_year#solomon_islands#calendar year)
(transportation_railways#solomon_islands#0 km)
(transportation_highways_total#solomon_islands#1,300 km)
(transportation_highways_paved#solomon_islands#30 km)
(transportation_highways_unpaved#solomon_islands#1,270 km)
(transportation_highways_note#solomon_islands#in addition, there are 800 km of private logging and plantation roads of varied surface {1982 est.})
(transportation_ports#solomon_islands#Aola Bay, Honiara, Lofung, Noro, Viru Harbor, Yandina)
(transportation_merchant_marine#solomon_islands#none)
(transportation_airports_total#solomon_islands#30)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_1,524_to_2,437_m#solomon_islands#1)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_914_to_1,523_m#solomon_islands#1)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_under_914_m#solomon_islands#18)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_1,524_to_2,437_m#solomon_islands#1)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_914_to_1,523_m#solomon_islands#9 {1995 est.})
(communications_telephones#solomon_islands#5,000 {1991 est.})
(communications_telephone_system_domestic#solomon_islands#NA)
(communications_telephone_system_international#solomon_islands#satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat {Pacific Ocean})
(communications_radio_broadcast_stations#solomon_islands#AM 4, FM 0, shortwave 0)
(communications_radios#solomon_islands#38,000 {1993 est.})
(communications_television_broadcast_stations#solomon_islands#0 {1987 est.})
(communications_televisions#solomon_islands#2,000 {1992 est.})
(defense_branches#solomon_islands#no regular military forces; Solomon Islands National Reconnaissance and Surveillance Force; Royal Solomon Islands Police {RSIP})
(defense_manpower_availability_males_age_15-49#solomon_islands#NA)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_fit_for_military_service#solomon_islands#NA)
(defense_defense_expenditures#solomon_islands#$NA, NA% of GDP)
(geography_location#somalia#Eastern Africa, bordering the Gulf of Aden and the Indian Ocean, east of Ethiopia)
(geography_geographic_coordinates#somalia#10 00 N, 49 00 E)
(geography_map_references#somalia#Africa)
(geography_area_total_area#somalia#637,660 sq km)
(geography_area_land_area#somalia#627,340 sq km)
(geography_area_comparative_area#somalia#slightly smaller than Texas)
(geography_land_boundaries_total#somalia#2,366 km)
(geography_land_boundaries_border_countries#somalia#Djibouti 58 km, Ethiopia 1,626 km, Kenya 682 km)
(geography_coastline#somalia#3,025 km)
(geography_maritime_claims_territorial_sea#somalia#200 nm)
(geography_international_disputes#somalia#southern half of boundary with Ethiopia is a Provisional Administrative Line; territorial dispute with Ethiopia over the Ogaden)
(geography_climate#somalia#principally desert; December to February - northeast monsoon, moderate temperatures in north and very hot in south; May to October - southwest monsoon, torrid in the north and hot in the south, irregular rainfall, hot and humid periods {tangambili} between monsoons)
(geography_terrain#somalia#mostly flat to undulating plateau rising to hills in north)
(geography_terrain_lowest_point#somalia#Indian Ocean 0 m)
(geography_terrain_highest_point#somalia#Shimbiris 2,450 m)
(geography_natural_resources#somalia#uranium and largely unexploited reserves of iron ore, tin, gypsum, bauxite, copper, salt)
(geography_land_use_arable_land#somalia#2%)
(geography_land_use_permanent_crops#somalia#0%)
(geography_land_use_meadows_and_pastures#somalia#46%)
(geography_land_use_forest_and_woodland#somalia#14%)
(geography_land_use_other#somalia#38%)
(geography_irrigated_land#somalia#1,600 sq km {1989 est.})
(geography_environment_current_issues#somalia#famine; use of contaminated water contributes to human health problems; deforestation; overgrazing; soil erosion; desertification)
(geography_environment_natural_hazards#somalia#recurring droughts; frequent dust storms over eastern plains in summer)
(geography_environment_international_agreements#somalia#party to - Endangered Species, Law of the Sea; signed, but not ratified - Marine Dumping, Nuclear Test Ban)
(geography_geographic_note#somalia#strategic location on Horn of Africa along southern approaches to Bab el Mandeb and route through Red Sea and Suez Canal)
(people_population#somalia#9,639,151 {July 1996 est.})
(people_population_note#somalia#this estimate was derived from an official census taken in 1987 by the Somali Government with the cooperation of the UN and the US Bureau of the Census; population estimates are updated year by year between census years by factoring growth rates into them, and by taking account of refugee movements, and of losses due to famine; lower estimates of Somalia's population in mid-1996 {on the order of 6.0 to 6.5 million} have been made by aid and relief agencies, based on the number of persons being fed; population counting in Somalia is complicated by the large numbers of nomads and by refugee movements in response to famine and clan warfare)
(people_age_structure_0-14_years#somalia#44% {male 2,143,775; female 2,139,104})
(people_age_structure_15-64_years#somalia#52% {male 2,609,911; female 2,387,620})
(people_age_structure_65_years_and_over#somalia#4% {male 182,991; female 175,750} {July 1996 est.})
(people_population_growth_rate#somalia#3.1% {1996 est.})
(people_birth_rate#somalia#44.17 births/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_death_rate#somalia#13.22 deaths/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_net_migration_rate#somalia#0 migrant{s}/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_sex_ratio_at_birth#somalia#1.03 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_under_15_years#somalia#1 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_15-64_years#somalia#1.09 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_65_years_and_over#somalia#1.04 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_all_ages#somalia#1.05 male{s}/female {1996 est.})
(people_infant_mortality_rate#somalia#121.1 deaths/1,000 live births {1996 est.})
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_total_population#somalia#55.49 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_male#somalia#55.18 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_female#somalia#55.8 years {1996 est.})
(people_total_fertility_rate#somalia#7.01 children born/woman {1996 est.})
(people_nationality_noun#somalia#Somali{s})
(people_nationality_adjective#somalia#Somali)
(people_ethnic_divisions#somalia#Somali 85%, Bantu, Arabs 30,000)
(people_religions#somalia#Sunni Muslim)
(people_languages#somalia#Somali {official}, Arabic, Italian, English)
(people_literacy#somalia#age 15 and over can read and write {1990 est.})
(people_literacy_total_population#somalia#24%)
(people_literacy_male#somalia#36%)
(people_literacy_female#somalia#14%)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_long_form#somalia#none)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_short_form#somalia#Somalia)
(government_name_of_country_former#somalia#Somali Republic)
(government_data_code#somalia#SO)
(government_type_of_government#somalia#none)
(government_capital#somalia#Mogadishu)
(government_administrative_divisions#somalia#18 regions {plural - NA, singular - gobolka}; Awdal, Bakool, Banaadir, Bari, Bay, Galguduud, Gedo, Hiiraan, Jubbada Dhexe, Jubbada Hoose, Mudug, Nugaal, Sanaag, Shabeellaha Dhexe, Shabeellaha Hoose, Sool, Togdheer, Woqooyi Galbeed)
(government_independence#somalia#1 July 1960 {from a merger of British Somaliland, which became independent from the UK on 26 June 1960, and Italian Somaliland, which became independent from the Italian-administered UN trusteeship on 1 July 1960, to form the Somali Republic})
(government_national_holiday#somalia#NA)
(government_constitution#somalia#25 August 1979, presidential approval 23 September 1979)
(government_legal_system#somalia#NA)
(government_suffrage#somalia#18 years of age; universal)
(government_executive_branch#somalia#Somalia has no functioning government; the United Somali Congress {USC} ousted the regime of Major General Mohamed SIAD Barre on 27 January 1991; the present political situation is one of anarchy, marked by interclan fighting and random banditry)
(government_legislative_branch#somalia#unicameral People's Assembly)
(government_people's_assembly_{golaha_shacbiga}#somalia#not functioning)
(government_judicial_branch#somalia#Supreme Court {not functioning})
(government_political_parties_and_leaders#somalia#the United Somali Congress {USC} ousted the former regime on 27 January 1991; formerly the only party was the Somali Revolutionary Socialist Party {SRSP}, headed by former President and Commander in Chief of the Army Major General Mohamed SIAD Barre)
(government_other_political_or_pressure_groups#somalia#numerous clan and subclan factions are currently vying for power)
(government_international_organization_participation#somalia#ACP, AfDB, AFESD, AL, AMF, CAEU, ECA, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IGADD, ILO, IMF, IMO, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, IOM {observer}, ITU, NAM, OAU, OIC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTrO {observer})
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us#somalia#Somalia does not have an embassy in the US {ceased operations on 8 May 1991})
(government_us_diplomatic_representation#somalia#the US does not have an embassy in Somalia; US interests are represented by the US Embassy in Nairobi at Moi Avenue and Haile Selassie Avenue; mail address: P. O. Box 30137, Unit 64100, Nairobi; APO AE 09831; telephone: [254] {2} 334141; FAX [254] {2} 340838)
(government_flag#somalia#light blue with a large white five-pointed star in the center; design based on the flag of the UN {Italian Somaliland was a UN trust territory})
(economy_economic_overview#somalia#One of the world's poorest and least developed countries, Somalia has few resources. Moreover, much of the economy has been devastated by the civil war. Agriculture is the most important sector, with livestock accounting for about 40% of GDP and about 65% of export earnings. Nomads and seminomads, who are dependent upon livestock for their livelihood, make up a large portion of the population. Crop production generates only 10% of GDP and employs about 20% of the work force. The main export crop is bananas; sugar, sorghum, and corn are grown for the domestic market. The small industrial sector is based on the processing of agricultural products and accounts for less than 10% of GDP; most facilities have been shut down because of the civil strife. The greatly increased political turmoil of 1991-93 resulted in a substantial drop in agricultural output, with widespread famine. In 1994 economic conditions stabilized in the countryside, followed in 1995 by slight improvements. However, ongoing civil strife in Mogadishu and outlying areas is interfering with any substantial recovery.)
(economy_gdp#somalia#purchasing power parity - $3.6 billion {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_real_growth_rate#somalia#2% {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_per_capita#somalia#$500 {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_agriculture#somalia#NA%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_industry#somalia#NA%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_services#somalia#NA%)
(economy_inflation_rate_{consumer_prices}#somalia#NA)
(economy_labor_force#somalia#3.7 million {very few are skilled laborers}{1993 est.})
(economy_labor_force_by_occupation#somalia#agriculture {mostly pastoral nomadism} 71%, industry and services 29%)
(economy_unemployment_rate#somalia#NA%)
(economy_budget_revenues#somalia#$NA)
(economy_budget_expenditures#somalia#$NA, including capital expenditures of $NA)
(economy_industries#somalia#a few small industries, including sugar refining, textiles, petroleum refining {mostly shut down})
(economy_industrial_production_growth_rate#somalia#NA%)
(economy_electricity_capacity#somalia#75,000 kW prior to the civil war, but now largely shut down due to war damage; some localities operate their own generating plants, providing limited municipal power; note - UN and relief organizations use their own portable power systems)
(economy_electricity_production#somalia#NA kWh)
(economy_electricity_consumption_per_capita#somalia#NA kWh)
(economy_agriculture#somalia#bananas, sorghum, corn, mangoes, sugarcane; cattle, sheep, goats; fishing potential largely unexploited)
(economy_exports#somalia#$100 million {1995 est.})
(economy_exports_commodities#somalia#bananas, live animals, fish, hides)
(economy_exports_partners#somalia#Saudi Arabia, other Gulf states, Italy, US {bananas})
(economy_imports#somalia#$249 million {1990 est.})
(economy_imports_commodities#somalia#petroleum products, foodstuffs, construction materials)
(economy_imports_partners#somalia#US 13%, Italy, FRG, Kenya, UK, Saudi Arabia {1986})
(economy_external_debt#somalia#$1.9 billion {1989})
(economy_economic_aid_recipient#somalia#ODA, $NA)
(economy_currency#somalia#1 Somali shilling {So. Sh.} = 100 cents)
(economy_exchange_rates#somalia#Somali shillings {So. Sh.} per US$1 - approximately 7,000 {January 1996}, 5,000 {1 January 1995}, 2,616 {1 July 1993}, 4,200 {December 1992}, 3,800.00 {December 1990}, 490.7 {1989},)
(economy_fiscal_year#somalia#calendar year)
(transportation_railways#somalia#0 km)
(transportation_highways_total#somalia#22,500 km)
(transportation_highways_paved#somalia#2,700 km)
(transportation_highways_unpaved#somalia#19,800 km {1992 est.})
(transportation_pipelines#somalia#crude oil 15 km)
(transportation_ports#somalia#Bender Cassim {Boosaaso}, Berbera, Chisimayu {Kismaayo}, Merca, Mogadishu)
(transportation_merchant_marine_total#somalia#2 ships {1,000 GRT or over} totaling 5,529 GRT/6,892 DWT)
(transportation_merchant_marine_ships_by_type#somalia#cargo 1, refrigerated cargo 1 {1995 est.})
(transportation_airports_total#somalia#52)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_over_3,047_m#somalia#3)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_2,438_to_3,047_m#somalia#1)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_1,524_to_2,437_m#somalia#2)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_914_to_1,523_m#somalia#1)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_under_914_m#somalia#6)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_2,438_to_3,047_m#somalia#4)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_1,524_to_2,437_m#somalia#15)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_914_to_1,523_m#somalia#20 {1995 est.})
(communications_telephones#somalia#9,000 {1991 est.})
(communications_telephone_system#somalia#the public telecommunications system was completely destroyed or dismantled by the civil war factions; all relief organizations depend on their own private systems)
(communications_telephone_system_domestic#somalia#recently, local cellular telephone systems have been established in Mogadishu and in several other population centers)
(communications_telephone_system_international#somalia#international connections are available from Mogadishu by satellite)
(communications_radio_broadcast_stations#somalia#AM NA, FM NA, shortwave NA {there are at least five radio broadcast stations of NA type})
(communications_radios#somalia#350,000 {1992 est.})
(communications_television_broadcast_stations#somalia#0 {Somalia's only TV station was demolished during the civil strife, sometime in 1991})
(communications_televisions#somalia#113,000 {1992 est.})
(defense_branches#somalia#NA; note - no functioning central government military forces; clan militias continue to battle for control of key economic or political prizes)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_age_15-49#somalia#2,333,994)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_fit_for_military_service#somalia#1,301,954 {1996 est.})
(defense_defense_expenditures#somalia#$NA, NA% of GDP)
(geography_location#south_africa#Southern Africa, at the southern tip of the continent of Africa)
(geography_geographic_coordinates#south_africa#29 00 S, 24 00 E)
(geography_map_references#south_africa#Africa)
(geography_area_total_area#south_africa#1,219,912 sq km)
(geography_area_land_area#south_africa#1,219,912 sq km)
(geography_area_comparative_area#south_africa#slightly less than twice the size of Texas)
(geography_area_note#south_africa#includes Prince Edward Islands {Marion Island and Prince Edward Island})
(geography_land_boundaries_total#south_africa#4,750 km)
(geography_land_boundaries_border_countries#south_africa#Botswana 1,840 km, Lesotho 909 km, Mozambique 491 km, Namibia 855 km, Swaziland 430 km, Zimbabwe 225 km)
(geography_coastline#south_africa#2,798 km)
(geography_maritime_claims_continental_shelf#south_africa#200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation)
(geography_maritime_claims_exclusive_fishing_zone#south_africa#200 nm)
(geography_maritime_claims_territorial_sea#south_africa#12 nm)
(geography_international_disputes#south_africa#Swaziland has asked South Africa to open negotiations on reincorporating some nearby South African territories that are populated by ethnic Swazis or that were long ago part of the Swazi Kingdom)
(geography_climate#south_africa#mostly semiarid; subtropical along east coast; sunny days, cool nights)
(geography_terrain#south_africa#vast interior plateau rimmed by rugged hills and narrow coastal plain)
(geography_terrain_lowest_point#south_africa#Atlantic Ocean 0 m)
(geography_terrain_highest_point#south_africa#Njesuthi 3,408 m)
(geography_natural_resources#south_africa#gold, chromium, antimony, coal, iron ore, manganese, nickel, phosphates, tin, uranium, gem diamonds, platinum, copper, vanadium, salt, natural gas)
(geography_land_use_arable_land#south_africa#10%)
(geography_land_use_permanent_crops#south_africa#1%)
(geography_land_use_meadows_and_pastures#south_africa#65%)
(geography_land_use_forest_and_woodland#south_africa#3%)
(geography_land_use_other#south_africa#21%)
(geography_irrigated_land#south_africa#11,280 sq km {1989 est.})
(geography_environment_current_issues#south_africa#lack of important arterial rivers or lakes requires extensive water conservation and control measures; growth in water usage threatens to outpace supply; pollution of rivers from agricultural runoff and urban discharge; air pollution resulting in acid rain; soil erosion; desertification)
(geography_environment_natural_hazards#south_africa#prolonged droughts)
(geography_environment_international_agreements#south_africa#party to - Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands, Whaling; signed, but not ratified - Climate Change, Desertification, Law of the Sea)
(geography_geographic_note#south_africa#South Africa completely surrounds Lesotho and almost completely surrounds Swaziland)
(people_population#south_africa#41,743,459 {July 1996 est.})
(people_age_structure_0-14_years#south_africa#36% {male 7,578,639; female 7,428,123})
(people_age_structure_15-64_years#south_africa#60% {male 12,356,753; female 12,516,467})
(people_age_structure_65_years_and_over#south_africa#4% {male 744,806; female 1,118,671} {July 1996 est.})
(people_population_growth_rate#south_africa#1.76% {1996 est.})
(people_birth_rate#south_africa#27.91 births/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_death_rate#south_africa#10.32 deaths/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_net_migration_rate#south_africa#0 migrant{s}/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_sex_ratio_at_birth#south_africa#1.03 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_under_15_years#south_africa#1.02 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_15-64_years#south_africa#0.99 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_65_years_and_over#south_africa#0.67 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_all_ages#south_africa#0.98 male{s}/female {1996 est.})
(people_infant_mortality_rate#south_africa#48.8 deaths/1,000 live births {1996 est.})
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_total_population#south_africa#59.47 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_male#south_africa#57.21 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_female#south_africa#61.8 years {1996 est.})
(people_total_fertility_rate#south_africa#3.43 children born/woman {1996 est.})
(people_nationality_noun#south_africa#South African{s})
(people_nationality_adjective#south_africa#South African)
(people_ethnic_divisions#south_africa#black 75.2%, white 13.6%, Colored 8.6%, Indian 2.6%)
(people_religions#south_africa#Christian {most whites and Coloreds and about 60% of blacks}, Hindu {60% of Indians}, Muslim 2%)
(people_languages#south_africa#11 official languages, including Afrikaans, English, Ndebele, Pedi, Sotho, Swazi, Tsonga, Tswana, Venda, Xhosa, Zulu)
(people_literacy#south_africa#age 15 and over can read and write {1995 est.})
(people_literacy_total_population#south_africa#81.8%)
(people_literacy_male#south_africa#81.9%)
(people_literacy_female#south_africa#81.7%)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_long_form#south_africa#Republic of South Africa)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_short_form#south_africa#South Africa)
(government_name_of_country_abbreviation#south_africa#RSA)
(government_data_code#south_africa#SF)
(government_type_of_government#south_africa#republic)
(government_capital#south_africa#Pretoria {administrative}; Cape Town {legislative}; Bloemfontein {judicial})
(government_administrative_divisions#south_africa#9 provinces; Eastern Cape, Free State, Gauteng, KwaZulu-Natal, Mpumalanga, North-West, Northern Cape, Northern Province, Western Cape)
(government_independence#south_africa#31 May 1910 {from UK})
(government_national_holiday#south_africa#Freedom Day, 27 April {1994})
(government_constitution#south_africa#27 April 1994 {interim constitution, replacing the constitution of 3 September 1984}; note - on 8 May 1996, the Constitutional Assembly voted 421 to two to pass a new constitution which, after certification by the Constitutional Court, will gradually go into effect over a three-year period and come into full force with the next national elections in April 1999)
(government_legal_system#south_africa#based on Roman-Dutch law and English common law; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations)
(government_suffrage#south_africa#18 years of age; universal)
(government_executive_branch_chief_of_state_and_head_of_government#south_africa#President Nelson MANDELA {since 10 May 1994}; Deputy Executive Presidents Thabo MBEKI {since 10 May 1994} and Frederik W. DE KLERK {since 10 May 1994} were elected by the National Assembly)
(government_executive_branch_note#south_africa#any political party that wins 20% or more of the National Assembly votes in a general election is entitled to name a deputy executive president; moreover, any party that wins 20 or more seats in the National Assembly is entitled to become a member of the governing coalition; currently, the ANC, the IFP, and the NP constitute a Government of National Unity {GNU})
(government_executive_branch_cabinet#south_africa#Cabinet was appointed by the president)
(government_legislative_branch#south_africa#bicameral)
(government_national_assembly#south_africa#elections last held 26-29 April 1994 {next to be held NA April 1999}; results - ANC 62.6%, NP 20.4%, IFP 10.5%, FF 2.2%, DP 1.7%, PAC 1.2%, ACDP 0.5%, other 0.9%; seats - {400 total} ANC 252, NP 82, IFP 43, FF 9, DP 7, PAC 5, ACDP 2)
(government_senate#south_africa#the Senate is composed of members who are nominated by the nine provincial parliaments {which are elected in parallel with the National Assembly} and has special powers to protect regional interests, including the right to limited self-determination for ethnic minorities; seats - {90 total} ANC 61, NP 17, FF 4, IFP 5, DP 3)
(government_senate_note#south_africa#when the National Assembly meets in joint session with the Senate to consider the provisions of the constitution, the combined group is referred to as the Constitutional Assembly)
(government_judicial_branch#south_africa#Supreme Court)
(government_political_parties_and_leaders#south_africa#African National Congress {ANC}, Nelson MANDELA, president; National Party {NP}, Frederik W. DE KLERK, president; Inkatha Freedom Party {IFP}, Mangosuthu BUTHELEZI, president; Freedom Front {FF}, Constand VILJOEN, president; Democratic Party {DP}, Tony LEON, president; Pan-Africanist Congress {PAC}, Clarence MAKWETU, president; African Christian Democratic Party {ACDP}, Kenneth MESHOE, president)
(government_political_parties_and_leaders_note#south_africa#in addition to these seven parties which received seats in the National Assembly, 11 other parties won votes in the national elections in April 1994)
(government_other_political_or_pressure_groups#south_africa#NA)
(government_international_organization_participation#south_africa#BIS, C, CCC, ECA, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICRM, IDA, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Inmarsat, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, ISO, ITU, MTCR, NAM, OAU, SACU, SADC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTrO, ZC)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_chief_of_mission#south_africa#Ambassador Franklin SONN)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_chancery#south_africa#3051 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_telephone#south_africa#[1] {202} 232-4400)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_consulate{s}_general#south_africa#Beverly Hills {California}, Chicago, and New York)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_chief_of_mission#south_africa#Ambassador James A. JOSEPH)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_embassy#south_africa#877 Pretorius St., Arcadia 0083)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_mailing_address#south_africa#P.O. Box 9536, Pretoria 0001)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_telephone#south_africa#[27] {12} 342-1048)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_fax#south_africa#[27] {12} 342-2244)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_consulate{s}_general#south_africa#Cape Town, Durban, Johannesburg)
(government_flag#south_africa#two equal width horizontal bands of red {top} and blue separated by a central green band which splits into a horizontal Y, the arms of which end at the corners of the hoist side, embracing a black isoceles triangle from which the arms are separated by narrow yellow bands; the red and blue bands are separated from the green band and its arms by narrow white stripes)
(government_flag_note#south_africa#prior to 26 April 1994, the flag was actually four flags in one - three miniature flags reproduced in the center of the white band of the former flag of the Netherlands, which has three equal horizontal bands of orange {top}, white, and blue; the miniature flags are a vertically hanging flag of the old Orange Free State with a horizontal flag of the UK adjoining on the hoist side and a horizontal flag of the old Transvaal Republic adjoining on the other side)
(economy_economic_overview#south_africa#Many of the white one-seventh of the South African population enjoy incomes, material comforts, and health and educational standards equal to those of Western Europe. In contrast, most of the remaining population suffers from the poverty patterns of the Third World, including unemployment and lack of job skills. The main strength of the economy lies in its rich mineral resources, which provide two-thirds of exports. Economic developments for the remainder of the 1990s will be driven largely by the new government's attempts to improve black living conditions, to set the country on a steady export-led growth path, and to cut back the enormous numbers of unemployed. The economy in recent years has absorbed less than 5% of the more than 300,000 workers entering the labor force annually. Local economists estimate that the economy must grow between 5% and 6% in real terms annually to absorb all of the new entrants, much less reduce the accumulated total.)
(economy_gdp#south_africa#purchasing power parity - $215 billion {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_real_growth_rate#south_africa#3.3% {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_per_capita#south_africa#$4,800 {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_agriculture#south_africa#NA%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_industry#south_africa#NA%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_services#south_africa#NA%)
(economy_inflation_rate_{consumer_prices}#south_africa#8.7% {1995})
(economy_labor_force#south_africa#14.2 million economically active {1996})
(economy_labor_force_by_occupation#south_africa#services 35%, agriculture 30%, industry 20%, mining 9%, other 6%)
(economy_unemployment_rate#south_africa#32.6% {1996 est.}; an additional 11% underemployment)
(economy_budget_revenues#south_africa#$30.5 billion)
(economy_budget_expenditures#south_africa#$38 billion, including capital expenditures of $2.6 billion {FY94/95 est.})
(economy_industries#south_africa#mining {world's largest producer of platinum, gold, chromium}, automobile assembly, metalworking, machinery, textile, iron and steel, chemical, fertilizer, foodstuffs)
(economy_industrial_production_growth_rate#south_africa#NA%)
(economy_electricity_capacity#south_africa#39,750,000 kW)
(economy_electricity_production#south_africa#163 billion kWh)
(economy_electricity_consumption_per_capita#south_africa#3,482 kWh {1993})
(economy_agriculture#south_africa#corn, wheat, sugarcane, fruits, vegetables; cattle, poultry, sheep, wool, milk, beef)
(economy_illicit_drugs#south_africa#transshipment center for heroin and cocaine; cocaine consumption on the rise; world's largest market for illicit methaqualone, usually imported illegally from India through various east African countries; illicit cultivation of marijuana)
(economy_exports#south_africa#$27.9 billion {f.o.b., 1995})
(economy_exports_commodities#south_africa#gold 27%, other minerals and metals 20%-25%, food 5%, chemicals 3% {1994})
(economy_exports_partners#south_africa#Italy, Japan, US, Germany, UK, other EU countries, Hong Kong)
(economy_imports#south_africa#$27 billion {f.o.b., 1995})
(economy_imports_commodities#south_africa#machinery 32%, transport equipment 15%, chemicals 11%, oil, textiles, scientific instruments {1994})
(economy_imports_partners#south_africa#Germany, US, Japan, UK, Italy)
(economy_external_debt#south_africa#$22 billion {1995 est.})
(economy_economic_aid_recipient#south_africa#ODA, $NA)
(economy_economic_aid_note#south_africa#current aid pledges include US $600 million over three years ending in 1996; UK $150 million over three years; Australia $21 million over three years; Japan $1.3 billion over two years ending in 1996; EU $833 million over five years)
(economy_currency#south_africa#1 rand {R} = 100 cents)
(economy_exchange_rates#south_africa#rand {R} per US$1 - 3.6417 {January 1996}, 3.6266 {1995}, 3.5490 {1994}, 3.2636 {1993}, 2.8497 {1992}, 2.7563 {1991})
(economy_fiscal_year#south_africa#1 April - 31 March)
(transportation_railways_total#south_africa#21,431 km)
(transportation_railways_narrow_gauge#south_africa#20,995 km 1.067-m gauge {9,087 km electrified}; 436 km 0.610-m gauge {1995})
(transportation_highways_total#south_africa#182,329 km)
(transportation_highways_paved#south_africa#55,428 km {including 2,040 km of expressways})
(transportation_highways_unpaved#south_africa#126,901 km {1991 est.})
(transportation_pipelines#south_africa#crude oil 931 km; petroleum products 1,748 km; natural gas 322 km)
(transportation_ports#south_africa#Cape Town, Durban, East London, Mosselbaai, Port Elizabeth, Richards Bay, Saldanha)
(transportation_merchant_marine_total#south_africa#4 container ships {1,000 GRT or over} totaling 211,276 GRT/198,602 DWT {1995 est.})
(transportation_airports#south_africa#667)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_over_3,047_m#south_africa#10)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_2,438_to_3,047_m#south_africa#4)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_1,524_to_2,437_m#south_africa#44)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_914_to_1,523_m#south_africa#75)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_under_914_m#south_africa#221)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_1,524_to_2,437_m#south_africa#33)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_914_to_1,523_m#south_africa#280 {1995 est.})
(communications_telephones#south_africa#5,206,235 {1993 est.})
(communications_telephone_system#south_africa#the system is the best developed, most modern, and has the highest capacity in Africa)
(communications_telephone_system_domestic#south_africa#consists of carrier-equipped open-wire lines, coaxial cables, microwave radio relay links, fiber-optic cable, and radiotelephone communication stations; key centers are Bloemfontein, Cape Town, Durban, Johannesburg, Port Elizabeth, and Pretoria)
(communications_telephone_system_international#south_africa#1 submarine cable; satellite earth stations - 3 Intelsat {1 Indian Ocean and 2 Atlantic Ocean})
(communications_radio_broadcast_stations#south_africa#AM 14, FM 286, shortwave 0)
(communications_radios#south_africa#12.1 million {1992 est.})
(communications_television_broadcast_stations#south_africa#67 {1987 est.})
(communications_televisions#south_africa#3.45 million {1990 est.})
(defense_branches#south_africa#South African National Defense Force {SANDF; includes Army, Navy, Air Force, and Medical Services}, South African Police Service {SAPS})
(defense_manpower_availability_males_age_15-49#south_africa#10,686,976)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_fit_for_military_service#south_africa#6,502,265)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_reach_military_age_{18}_annually#south_africa#424,854 {1996 est.})
(defense_defense_expenditures#south_africa#exchange rate conversion - $2.9 billion, 2.2% of GDP {FY95/96})
(header_affiliation#south_georgia_and_the_south_sandwich_islands#{dependent territory of the UK})
(geography_location#south_georgia_and_the_south_sandwich_islands#Southern South America, islands in the South Atlantic Ocean, east of the tip of South America)
(geography_geographic_coordinates#south_georgia_and_the_south_sandwich_islands#54 30 S, 37 00 W)
(geography_map_references#south_georgia_and_the_south_sandwich_islands#Antarctic Region)
(geography_area_total_area#south_georgia_and_the_south_sandwich_islands#4,066 sq km)
(geography_area_land_area#south_georgia_and_the_south_sandwich_islands#4,066 sq km)
(geography_area_comparative_area#south_georgia_and_the_south_sandwich_islands#slightly larger than Rhode Island)
(geography_area_note#south_georgia_and_the_south_sandwich_islands#includes Shag Rocks, Clerke Rocks, Bird Island)
(geography_land_boundaries#south_georgia_and_the_south_sandwich_islands#0 km)
(geography_coastline#south_georgia_and_the_south_sandwich_islands#NA km)
(geography_maritime_claims_exclusive_fishing_zone#south_georgia_and_the_south_sandwich_islands#200 nm)
(geography_maritime_claims_territorial_sea#south_georgia_and_the_south_sandwich_islands#12 nm)
(geography_international_disputes#south_georgia_and_the_south_sandwich_islands#administered by the UK, claimed by Argentina)
(geography_climate#south_georgia_and_the_south_sandwich_islands#variable, with mostly westerly winds throughout the year, interspersed with periods of calm; nearly all precipitation falls as snow)
(geography_terrain#south_georgia_and_the_south_sandwich_islands#most of the islands, rising steeply from the sea, are rugged and mountainous; South Georgia is largely barren and has steep, glacier-covered mountains; the South Sandwich Islands are of volcanic origin with some active volcanoes)
(geography_terrain_lowest_point#south_georgia_and_the_south_sandwich_islands#Atlantic Ocean 0 m)
(geography_terrain_highest_point#south_georgia_and_the_south_sandwich_islands#Mount Paget 2,915 m)
(geography_natural_resources#south_georgia_and_the_south_sandwich_islands#fish)
(geography_land_use_arable_land#south_georgia_and_the_south_sandwich_islands#0%)
(geography_land_use_permanent_crops#south_georgia_and_the_south_sandwich_islands#0%)
(geography_land_use_meadows_and_pastures#south_georgia_and_the_south_sandwich_islands#0%)
(geography_land_use_forest_and_woodland#south_georgia_and_the_south_sandwich_islands#0%)
(geography_land_use_other#south_georgia_and_the_south_sandwich_islands#100% {largely covered by permanent ice and snow with some sparse vegetation consisting of grass, moss, and lichen})
(geography_irrigated_land#south_georgia_and_the_south_sandwich_islands#0 sq km)
(geography_environment_current_issues#south_georgia_and_the_south_sandwich_islands#NA)
(geography_environment_natural_hazards#south_georgia_and_the_south_sandwich_islands#the South Sandwich Islands have prevailing weather conditions that generally make them difficult to approach by ship; they are also subject to active volcanism)
(geography_environment_international_agreements#south_georgia_and_the_south_sandwich_islands#NA)
(geography_geographic_note#south_georgia_and_the_south_sandwich_islands#the north coast of South Georgia has several large bays, which provide good anchorage; reindeer, introduced early in this century, live on South Georgia)
(people_population#south_georgia_and_the_south_sandwich_islands#no indigenous population; there is a small military garrison on South Georgia, and the British Antarctic Survey has a biological station on Bird Island; the South Sandwich Islands are uninhabited)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_long_form#south_georgia_and_the_south_sandwich_islands#South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_short_form#south_georgia_and_the_south_sandwich_islands#none)
(government_data_code#south_georgia_and_the_south_sandwich_islands#SX)
(government_type_of_government#south_georgia_and_the_south_sandwich_islands#dependent territory of the UK)
(government_capital#south_georgia_and_the_south_sandwich_islands#none; Grytviken on South Georgia is the garrison town)
(government_administrative_divisions#south_georgia_and_the_south_sandwich_islands#none {dependent territory of the UK})
(government_independence#south_georgia_and_the_south_sandwich_islands#none {dependent territory of the UK})
(government_national_holiday#south_georgia_and_the_south_sandwich_islands#Liberation Day, 14 June {1982})
(government_constitution#south_georgia_and_the_south_sandwich_islands#3 October 1985)
(government_legal_system#south_georgia_and_the_south_sandwich_islands#English common law)
(government_executive_branch_chief_of_state#south_georgia_and_the_south_sandwich_islands#Queen ELIZABETH II {of the United Kingdom since 6 February 1952}, a hereditary monarch, is represented by Commissioner David Everard TATHAM {since August 1992; resident at Stanley, Falkland Islands})
(government_legislative_branch#south_georgia_and_the_south_sandwich_islands#no elections)
(government_judicial_branch#south_georgia_and_the_south_sandwich_islands#none)
(government_flag#south_georgia_and_the_south_sandwich_islands#the flag of the UK is used)
(economy_economic_overview#south_georgia_and_the_south_sandwich_islands#Some fishing takes place in adjacent waters. There is a potential source of income from harvesting fin fish and krill. The islands receive income from postage stamps produced in the UK.)
(economy_budget_revenues#south_georgia_and_the_south_sandwich_islands#$291,777)
(economy_budget_expenditures#south_georgia_and_the_south_sandwich_islands#$451,000, including capital expenditures of $NA {1988 est.})
(economy_electricity_capacity#south_georgia_and_the_south_sandwich_islands#900 kW)
(economy_electricity_production#south_georgia_and_the_south_sandwich_islands#2 million kWh)
(economy_electricity_consumption_per_capita#south_georgia_and_the_south_sandwich_islands#NA kWh {1992})
(transportation_highways_total#south_georgia_and_the_south_sandwich_islands#NA km)
(transportation_highways_paved#south_georgia_and_the_south_sandwich_islands#NA km)
(transportation_highways_unpaved#south_georgia_and_the_south_sandwich_islands#NA km)
(transportation_ports#south_georgia_and_the_south_sandwich_islands#Grytviken)
(transportation_airports#south_georgia_and_the_south_sandwich_islands#none)
(communications_telephones#south_georgia_and_the_south_sandwich_islands#NA)
(communications_telephone_system_domestic#south_georgia_and_the_south_sandwich_islands#NA)
(communications_telephone_system_international#south_georgia_and_the_south_sandwich_islands#coastal radiotelephone station at Grytviken)
(communications_radio_broadcast_stations#south_georgia_and_the_south_sandwich_islands#AM 0, FM 0, shortwave 0)
(communications_radios#south_georgia_and_the_south_sandwich_islands#NA)
(communications_television_broadcast_stations#south_georgia_and_the_south_sandwich_islands#0)
(communications_televisions#south_georgia_and_the_south_sandwich_islands#NA)
(defense_defense_note#south_georgia_and_the_south_sandwich_islands#defense is the responsibility of the UK)
(geography_location#spain#Southwestern Europe, bordering the Bay of Biscay, Mediterranean Sea, and North Atlantic Ocean, southwest of France)
(geography_geographic_coordinates#spain#40 00 N, 4 00 W)
(geography_map_references#spain#Europe)
(geography_area_total_area#spain#504,750 sq km)
(geography_area_land_area#spain#499,400 sq km)
(geography_area_comparative_area#spain#slightly more than twice the size of Oregon)
(geography_area_note#spain#includes Balearic Islands, Canary Islands, and five places of sovereignty {plazas de soberania} on and off the coast of Morocco - Ceuta, Mellila, Islas Chafarinas, Penon de Alhucemas, and Penon de Velez de la Gomera)
(geography_land_boundaries_total#spain#1,903.2 km)
(geography_land_boundaries_border_countries#spain#Andorra 65 km, France 623 km, Gibraltar 1.2 km, Portugal 1,214 km)
(geography_land_boundaries_note#spain#excludes the length of the boundary between the places of sovereignty and Morocco)
(geography_coastline#spain#4,964 km)
(geography_maritime_claims_exclusive_economic_zone#spain#200 nm)
(geography_maritime_claims_territorial_sea#spain#12 nm)
(geography_international_disputes#spain#Gibraltar question with UK; Spain controls five places of sovereignty {plazas de soberania} on and off the coast of Morocco - the coastal enclaves of Ceuta and Melilla, which Morocco contests, as well as the islands of Penon de Alhucemas, Penon de Velez de la Gomera, and Islas Chafarinas)
(geography_climate#spain#temperate; clear, hot summers in interior, more moderate and cloudy along coast; cloudy, cold winters in interior, partly cloudy and cool along coast)
(geography_terrain#spain#large, flat to dissected plateau surrounded by rugged hills; Pyrenees in north)
(geography_terrain_lowest_point#spain#Atlantic Ocean 0 m)
(geography_terrain_highest_point#spain#Pico de Teide on Canary Islands 3,718 m)
(geography_natural_resources#spain#coal, lignite, iron ore, uranium, mercury, pyrites, fluorspar, gypsum, zinc, lead, tungsten, copper, kaolin, potash, hydropower)
(geography_land_use_arable_land#spain#31%)
(geography_land_use_permanent_crops#spain#10%)
(geography_land_use_meadows_and_pastures#spain#21%)
(geography_land_use_forest_and_woodland#spain#31%)
(geography_land_use_other#spain#7%)
(geography_irrigated_land#spain#33,600 sq km {1989 est.})
(geography_environment_current_issues#spain#pollution of the Mediterranean Sea from raw sewage and effluents from the offshore production of oil and gas; air pollution; deforestation; desertification)
(geography_environment_natural_hazards#spain#periodic droughts)
(geography_environment_international_agreements#spain#party to - Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Wetlands, Whaling; signed, but not ratified - Air Pollution-Sulphur 94, Desertification, Law of the Sea)
(geography_geographic_note#spain#strategic location along approaches to Strait of Gibraltar)
(people_population#spain#39,181,114 {July 1996 est.})
(people_age_structure_0-14_years#spain#16% {male 3,237,942; female 3,055,881})
(people_age_structure_15-64_years#spain#68% {male 13,380,956; female 13,352,582})
(people_age_structure_65_years_and_over#spain#16% {male 2,566,728; female 3,587,025} {July 1996 est.})
(people_population_growth_rate#spain#0.16% {1996 est.})
(people_birth_rate#spain#10.04 births/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_death_rate#spain#8.86 deaths/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_net_migration_rate#spain#0.44 migrant{s}/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_sex_ratio_at_birth#spain#1.07 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_under_15_years#spain#1.06 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_15-64_years#spain#1 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_65_years_and_over#spain#0.72 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_all_ages#spain#0.96 male{s}/female {1996 est.})
(people_infant_mortality_rate#spain#6.3 deaths/1,000 live births {1996 est.})
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_total_population#spain#78.26 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_male#spain#74.95 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_female#spain#81.81 years {1996 est.})
(people_total_fertility_rate#spain#1.26 children born/woman {1996 est.})
(people_nationality_noun#spain#Spaniard{s})
(people_nationality_adjective#spain#Spanish)
(people_ethnic_divisions#spain#composite of Mediterranean and Nordic types)
(people_religions#spain#Roman Catholic 99%, other sects 1%)
(people_languages#spain#Castilian Spanish, Catalan 17%, Galician 7%, Basque 2%)
(people_literacy#spain#age 15 and over can read and write {1986 est.})
(people_literacy_total_population#spain#96%)
(people_literacy_male#spain#98%)
(people_literacy_female#spain#94%)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_long_form#spain#Kingdom of Spain)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_short_form#spain#Spain)
(government_name_of_country_local_short_form#spain#Espana)
(government_data_code#spain#SP)
(government_type_of_government#spain#parliamentary monarchy)
(government_capital#spain#Madrid)
(government_administrative_divisions#spain#17 autonomous communities {comunidades autonomas, singular - comunidad autonoma}; Andalucia, Aragon, Asturias, Canarias, Cantabria, Castilla-La Mancha, Castilla y Leon, Cataluna, Communidad Valencia, Extremadura, Galicia, Islas Baleares, La Rioja, Madrid, Murcia, Navarra, Pais Vasco)
(government_administrative_divisions_note#spain#there are five places of sovereignty on and off the coast of Morocco {Ceuta, Mellila, Islas Chafarinas, Penon de Alhucemas, and Penon de Velez de la Gomera} with administrative status unknown)
(government_independence#spain#1492 {expulsion of the Moors and unification})
(government_national_holiday#spain#National Day, 12 October)
(government_constitution#spain#6 December 1978, effective 29 December 1978)
(government_legal_system#spain#civil law system, with regional applications; does not accept compulsory ICJ jurisdiction)
(government_suffrage#spain#18 years of age; universal)
(government_executive_branch_chief_of_state#spain#King JUAN CARLOS I {since 22 November 1975} is a hereditary monarch)
(government_executive_branch_head_of_government#spain#Prime Minister Jose Maria AZNAR {since 5 May 1996} was proposed by the king and voted into office by the National Assembly on 4 May 1996; AZNAR's Popular Party defeated Felipe GONZALEZ Marques's Socialist Workers Party in the 3 March 1996 legislative election; Deputy Prime Minister {vacant})
(government_executive_branch_cabinet#spain#Council of Ministers was designated by the prime minister)
(government_council_of_state#spain#is the supreme consultative organ of the government)
(government_legislative_branch#spain#bicameral The General Courts or National Assembly {Las Cortes Generales})
(government_senate_{senado}#spain#elections last held 3 March 1996 {next to be held by March 2000}; results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - {256 total} PP 132, PSOE 96, CiU 11, PNV 6, IU 2, others 9)
(government_congress_of_deputies_{congreso_de_los_diputados}#spain#elections last held 3 March 1996 {next to be held by March 2000}; results - PP 38.9%, PSOE 37.5%, IU 10.7%, CiU 4.6%; seats - {350 total} PSOE 141, PP 156, IU 21, CiU 16, other 16)
(government_judicial_branch#spain#Supreme Court {Tribunal Supremo})
(government_political_parties_and_leaders_principal_national_parties,_from_right_to_left#spain#Popular Party {PP}, Jose Maria AZNAR Lopez; Spanish Socialist Workers Party {PSOE}, Felipe GONZALEZ Marquez, secretary general; Spanish Communist Party {PCE}, Julio ANGUITA Gonzalez; United Left {IU - a coalition of parties including the PCE, a branch of the PSOE, and other small parties}, Julio ANGUITA Gonzalez)
(government_political_parties_and_leaders_chief_regional_parties#spain#Convergence and Union {CiU}, Jordi PUJOL, secretary general {a coalition of the Democratic Convergence of Catalonia {CDC}, Pere ESTEVE, and the Democratic Union of Catalonia {UDC}, Josep Antoni DURAN LLEIDA}; Basque Nationalist Party {PNV}, Xabier ARZALLUS Antia and Jose Antonio ARDANZA; Basque United People {HB or Herri Batasuna, ETA's political wing}, Juan Cruz IDIGORAS; Canarian Coalition {CC}, a coalition of five parties)
(government_other_political_or_pressure_groups#spain#on the extreme left, the Basque Fatherland and Liberty {ETA} and the First of October Antifascist Resistance Group {GRAPO} use terrorism to oppose the government; free labor unions {authorized in April 1977}; Workers Confederation {CC.OO}; the Socialist General Union of Workers {UGT}, and the smaller independent Workers Syndical Union {USO}; business and landowning interests; the Catholic Church; Opus Dei; university students)
(government_international_organization_participation#spain#AfDB, AG {observer}, AsDB, Australia Group, BIS, CCC, CE, CERN, EBRD, ECE, ECLAC, EIB, ESA, EU, FAO, G- 8, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Inmarsat, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, IOM {observer}, ISO, ITU, LAIA {observer}, MTCR, NACC, NAM {guest}, NATO, NEA, NSG, OAS {observer}, OECD, OSCE, PCA, UN, UNCRO, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNPREDEP, UNPROFOR, UNU, UPU, WCL, WEU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO, ZC)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_chief_of_mission#spain#Ambassador Jaime De OJEDA Eiseley)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_chancery#spain#2375 Pennsylvania Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20037)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_telephone#spain#[1] {202} 452-0100, 728-2340)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_fax#spain#[1] {202} 833-5670)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_consulate{s}_general#spain#Boston, Chicago, Houston, Los Angeles, Miami, New Orleans, New York, San Francisco, and San Juan {Puerto Rico})
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_chief_of_mission#spain#Ambassador Richard N. GARDNER)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_embassy#spain#Serrano 75, 28006 Madrid)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_mailing_address#spain#APO AE 09642)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_telephone#spain#[34] {1} 577-4000, 577-2301)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_fax#spain#[34] {1} 577-5735)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_consulate{s}_general#spain#Barcelona)
(government_flag#spain#three horizontal bands of red {top}, yellow {double width}, and red with the national coat of arms on the hoist side of the yellow band; the coat of arms includes the royal seal framed by the Pillars of Hercules, which are the two promontories {Gibraltar and Ceuta} on either side of the eastern end of the Strait of Gibraltar)
(economy_economic_overview#spain#Spain, with a mixed capitalist economy and a per capita GDP two-thirds that of the four leading economies of Western Europe, has shared with these countries the recession of the early 1990s, the gradual upturn of 1994-95, and the ongoing controversies over the timing and terms of European economic union. Reduction of the budget deficit - at 5.9% of GDP in 1995 - to meet the Maastricht monetary convergence criterion of 3% by 1997 remains the primary goal of Spanish economic policy, but political pressures had kept the Socialist government from implementing the full range of reforms necessary to meet this goal. Spain's official unemployment rate of 23% is the highest in the EU, and the troubled Socialists had been reluctant to cut social spending. Parliament rejected the administration's proposed 1996 budget because of political wrangling - not because of great differences with the substance of the spending plan - forcing the government to continue spending at 1995 levels and use piecemeal decrees to raise consumption taxes to a level consistent with inflation. The conservative opposition Popular Party, now in power after ending 13 years of Socialist rule in the spring of 1996, has promised to cut government spending, loosen regulations on financial markets, and lower taxes to spur job creation. The conservatives have stated support for Spain's role in the EU but also have cautioned against harming Spain's economy by moving too quickly to meet the criteria for monetary union.)
(economy_gdp#spain#purchasing power parity - $565 billion {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_real_growth_rate#spain#3% {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_per_capita#spain#$14,300 {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_agriculture#spain#3.6%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_industry#spain#33.6%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_services#spain#62.8% {1995 est.})
(economy_inflation_rate_{consumer_prices}#spain#4.3% {1995})
(economy_labor_force#spain#11.837 million)
(economy_labor_force_by_occupation#spain#services 59%, industry 21%, agriculture 11%, construction 9% {1993 est.})
(economy_unemployment_rate#spain#22.8% {yearend 1995})
(economy_budget_revenues#spain#$96.8 billion)
(economy_budget_expenditures#spain#$122.5 billion, including capital expenditures of $5.7 billion {1994 est.})
(economy_industries#spain#textiles and apparel {including footwear}, food and beverages, metals and metal manufactures, chemicals, shipbuilding, automobiles, machine tools, tourism)
(economy_industrial_production_growth_rate#spain#7% {1995 est.})
(economy_electricity_capacity#spain#43,800,000 kW)
(economy_electricity_production#spain#148 billion kWh)
(economy_electricity_consumption_per_capita#spain#3,545 kWh {1993})
(economy_agriculture#spain#grain, vegetables, olives, wine grapes, sugar beets, citrus; beef, pork, poultry, dairy products; fish catch of 1.4 million metric tons is among top 20 nations)
(economy_illicit_drugs#spain#key European gateway country for Latin American cocaine and North African hashish entering the European market; transshipment point for Southwest Asian heroin)
(economy_exports#spain#$85 billion {f.o.b., 1995})
(economy_exports_commodities#spain#cars and trucks, semifinished manufactured goods, foodstuffs, machinery)
(economy_exports_partners#spain#EU 68.7%, US 4.9%, other developed countries 7.9% {1994})
(economy_imports#spain#$110 billion {c.i.f., 1995})
(economy_imports_commodities#spain#machinery, transport equipment, fuels, semifinished goods, foodstuffs, consumer goods, chemicals)
(economy_imports_partners#spain#EU 60.9%, US 7.3%, other developed countries 11.5%, Middle East 6.2% {1994})
(economy_external_debt#spain#$90 billion {1993 est.})
(economy_economic_aid_donor#spain#ODA, $1.213 billion {1993})
(economy_currency#spain#1 peseta {Pta} = 100 centimos)
(economy_exchange_rates#spain#pesetas {Ptas} per US$1 - 123.19 {January 1996}, 124.69 {1995}, 133.96 {1994}, 127.26 {1993}, 102.38 {1992}, 103.91 {1991})
(economy_fiscal_year#spain#calendar year)
(transportation_railways_total#spain#14,343 km)
(transportation_railways_broad_gauge#spain#12,139 km 1.668-m gauge {6,510 km electrified; 2,295 km double track})
(transportation_railways_standard_gauge#spain#488 km 1.435-m gauge {488 km electrified})
(transportation_railways_narrow_gauge#spain#1,716 km {privately owned: 1,669 km 1.000-m gauge, 489 km electrified; 28 km 0.914-m gauge, 28 km electrified; government owned: 19 km 1.000-m gauge, all electrified})
(transportation_highways_total#spain#331,961 km)
(transportation_highways_paved#spain#328,641 km {including 2,700 km of expressways})
(transportation_highways_unpaved#spain#3,320 km {1991 est.})
(transportation_waterways#spain#1,045 km, but of minor economic importance)
(transportation_pipelines#spain#crude oil 265 km; petroleum products 1,794 km; natural gas 1,666 km)
(transportation_ports#spain#Aviles, Barcelona, Bilbao, Cadiz, Cartagena, Castellon de la Plana, Ceuta, Huelva, La Coruna, Las Palmas {Canary Islands}, Malaga, Melilla, Pasajes, Puerto de Gijon, Santa Cruz de Tenerife {Canary Islands}, Santander, Tarragona, Valencia, Vigo)
(transportation_merchant_marine_total#spain#147 ships {1,000 GRT or over} totaling 874,688 GRT/1,391,421 DWT)
(transportation_merchant_marine_ships_by_type#spain#bulk 9, cargo 36, chemical tanker 11, combination ore/oil 1, container 8, liquefied gas tanker 4, oil tanker 25, passenger 2, refrigerated cargo 12, roll-on/roll-off cargo 32, short-sea passenger 6, specialized tanker 1 {1995 est.})
(transportation_airports_total#spain#96)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_over_3,047_m#spain#15)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_2,438_to_3,047_m#spain#11)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_1,524_to_2,437_m#spain#15)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_914_to_1,523_m#spain#13)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_under_914_m#spain#28)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_1,524_to_2,437_m#spain#2)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_914_to_1,523_m#spain#12 {1995 est.})
(transportation_heliports#spain#2 {1995 est.})
(communications_telephones#spain#12.6 million {1990 est.})
(communications_telephone_system#spain#generally adequate, modern facilities)
(communications_telephone_system_domestic#spain#NA)
(communications_telephone_system_international#spain#22 coaxial submarine cables; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat {1 Atlantic Ocean and 1 Indian Ocean}, NA Eutelsat, NA Inmarsat, and NA Marecs; tropospheric scatter to adjacent countries)
(communications_radio_broadcast_stations#spain#AM 190, FM 406 {repeaters 134}, shortwave 0)
(communications_radios#spain#12 million {1992 est.})
(communications_television_broadcast_stations#spain#100 {repeaters 1,297})
(communications_televisions#spain#15.7 million {1992 est.})
(defense_branches#spain#Army, Navy, Air Force, Marines, Civil Guard, National Police, Coastal Civil Guard)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_age_15-49#spain#10,360,209)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_fit_for_military_service#spain#8,370,197)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_reach_military_age_{20}_annually#spain#341,670 {1996 est.})
(defense_defense_expenditures#spain#exchange rate conversion - $6.3 billion, 1.4% of GDP {1995})
(geography_location#spratly_islands#Southeastern Asia, group of reefs in the South China Sea, about two-thirds of the way from southern Vietnam to the southern Philippines)
(geography_geographic_coordinates#spratly_islands#8 38 N, 111 55 E)
(geography_map_references#spratly_islands#Southeast Asia)
(geography_area_total_area#spratly_islands#NA sq km but less than 5 sq km)
(geography_area_land_area#spratly_islands#less than 5 sq km)
(geography_area_comparative_area#spratly_islands#NA)
(geography_area_note#spratly_islands#includes 100 or so islets, coral reefs, and sea mounts scattered over the South China Sea)
(geography_land_boundaries#spratly_islands#0 km)
(geography_coastline#spratly_islands#926 km)
(geography_maritime_claims#spratly_islands#NA)
(geography_international_disputes#spratly_islands#all of the Spratly Islands are claimed by China, Taiwan, and Vietnam; parts of them are claimed by Malaysia and the Philippines; in 1984, Brunei established an exclusive economic zone, which encompasses Louisa Reef, but has not publicly claimed the island)
(geography_climate#spratly_islands#tropical)
(geography_terrain#spratly_islands#flat)
(geography_terrain_lowest_point#spratly_islands#South China Sea 0 m)
(geography_terrain_highest_point#spratly_islands#unnamed location on Southwest Cay 4 m)
(geography_natural_resources#spratly_islands#fish, guano, undetermined oil and natural gas potential)
(geography_land_use_arable_land#spratly_islands#0%)
(geography_land_use_permanent_crops#spratly_islands#0%)
(geography_land_use_meadows_and_pastures#spratly_islands#0%)
(geography_land_use_forest_and_woodland#spratly_islands#0%)
(geography_land_use_other#spratly_islands#100%)
(geography_irrigated_land#spratly_islands#0 sq km)
(geography_environment_current_issues#spratly_islands#NA)
(geography_environment_natural_hazards#spratly_islands#typhoons; serious maritime hazard because of numerous reefs and shoals)
(geography_environment_international_agreements#spratly_islands#NA)
(geography_geographic_note#spratly_islands#strategically located near several primary shipping lanes in the central South China Sea; includes numerous small islands, atolls, shoals, and coral reefs)
(people_population#spratly_islands#no indigenous inhabitants; note - there are scattered garrisons)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_long_form#spratly_islands#none)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_short_form#spratly_islands#Spratly Islands)
(government_data_code#spratly_islands#PG)
(economy_economic_overview#spratly_islands#Economic activity is limited to commercial fishing. The proximity to nearby oil- and gas-producing sedimentary basins suggests the potential for oil and gas deposits, but the region is largely unexplored, and there are no reliable estimates of potential reserves; commercial exploitation has yet to be developed.)
(economy_industries#spratly_islands#none)
(transportation_ports#spratly_islands#none)
(transportation_airports_total#spratly_islands#4)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_914_to_1,523_m#spratly_islands#1)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_under_914_m#spratly_islands#2)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_914_to_1,523_m#spratly_islands#1 {1995 est.})
(communications_telephone_system_domestic#spratly_islands#NA)
(communications_telephone_system_international#spratly_islands#NA)
(communications_radio_broadcast_stations#spratly_islands#AM NA, FM NA, shortwave NA)
(communications_radios#spratly_islands#NA)
(communications_television_broadcast_stations#spratly_islands#NA)
(communications_televisions#spratly_islands#NA)
(defense_defense_note#spratly_islands#about 50 small islands or reefs are occupied by China, Malaysia, the Philippines, Taiwan, and Vietnam)
(geography_location#sri_lanka#Southern Asia, island in the Indian Ocean, south of India)
(geography_geographic_coordinates#sri_lanka#7 00 N, 81 00 E)
(geography_map_references#sri_lanka#Asia)
(geography_area_total_area#sri_lanka#65,610 sq km)
(geography_area_land_area#sri_lanka#64,740 sq km)
(geography_area_comparative_area#sri_lanka#slightly larger than West Virginia)
(geography_land_boundaries#sri_lanka#0 km)
(geography_coastline#sri_lanka#1,340 km)
(geography_maritime_claims_contiguous_zone#sri_lanka#24 nm)
(geography_maritime_claims_continental_shelf#sri_lanka#200 nm or to the edge of the continental margin)
(geography_maritime_claims_exclusive_economic_zone#sri_lanka#200 nm)
(geography_maritime_claims_territorial_sea#sri_lanka#12 nm)
(geography_international_disputes#sri_lanka#none)
(geography_climate#sri_lanka#tropical monsoon; northeast monsoon {December to March}; southwest monsoon {June to October})
(geography_terrain#sri_lanka#mostly low, flat to rolling plain; mountains in south-central interior)
(geography_terrain_lowest_point#sri_lanka#Indian Ocean 0 m)
(geography_terrain_highest_point#sri_lanka#Pidurutalagala 2,524 m)
(geography_natural_resources#sri_lanka#limestone, graphite, mineral sands, gems, phosphates, clay)
(geography_land_use_arable_land#sri_lanka#16%)
(geography_land_use_permanent_crops#sri_lanka#17%)
(geography_land_use_meadows_and_pastures#sri_lanka#7%)
(geography_land_use_forest_and_woodland#sri_lanka#37%)
(geography_land_use_other#sri_lanka#23%)
(geography_irrigated_land#sri_lanka#5,600 sq km {1989 est.})
(geography_environment_current_issues#sri_lanka#deforestation; soil erosion; wildlife populations threatened by poaching; coastal degradation from mining activities and increased pollution; freshwater resources being polluted by industrial wastes and sewage runoff)
(geography_environment_natural_hazards#sri_lanka#occasional cyclones and tornadoes)
(geography_environment_international_agreements#sri_lanka#party to - Biodiversity, Climate Change, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands, Whaling; signed, but not ratified - Marine Life Conservation)
(geography_geographic_note#sri_lanka#strategic location near major Indian Ocean sea lanes)
(people_population#sri_lanka#18,553,074 {July 1996 est.})
(people_population_note#sri_lanka#since the outbreak of hostilities between the government and armed Tamil separatists in the mid-1980s, several hundred thousand Tamil civilians have fled the island; as of late 1992, nearly 115,000 were housed in refugee camps in south India, another 95,000 lived outside the Indian camps, and more than 200,000 Tamils have sought political asylum in the West)
(people_age_structure_0-14_years#sri_lanka#28% {male 2,673,943; female 2,559,569})
(people_age_structure_15-64_years#sri_lanka#66% {male 6,023,759; female 6,171,964})
(people_age_structure_65_years_and_over#sri_lanka#6% {male 553,940; female 569,899} {July 1996 est.})
(people_population_growth_rate#sri_lanka#1.13% {1996 est.})
(people_birth_rate#sri_lanka#17.89 births/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_death_rate#sri_lanka#5.8 deaths/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_net_migration_rate#sri_lanka#-0.78 migrant{s}/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_sex_ratio_at_birth#sri_lanka#1.05 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_under_15_years#sri_lanka#1.04 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_15-64_years#sri_lanka#0.98 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_65_years_and_over#sri_lanka#0.97 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_all_ages#sri_lanka#1 male{s}/female {1996 est.})
(people_infant_mortality_rate#sri_lanka#20.8 deaths/1,000 live births {1996 est.})
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_total_population#sri_lanka#72.35 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_male#sri_lanka#69.77 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_female#sri_lanka#75.06 years {1996 est.})
(people_total_fertility_rate#sri_lanka#2.05 children born/woman {1996 est.})
(people_nationality_noun#sri_lanka#Sri Lankan{s})
(people_nationality_adjective#sri_lanka#Sri Lankan)
(people_ethnic_divisions#sri_lanka#Sinhalese 74%, Tamil 18%, Moor 7%, Burgher, Malay, and Vedda 1%)
(people_religions#sri_lanka#Buddhist 69%, Hindu 15%, Christian 8%, Muslim 8%)
(people_languages#sri_lanka#Sinhala {official and national language} 74%, Tamil {national language} 18%)
(people_languages_note#sri_lanka#English is commonly used in government and is spoken by about 10% of the population)
(people_literacy#sri_lanka#age 15 and over can read and write {1995 est.})
(people_literacy_total_population#sri_lanka#90.2%)
(people_literacy_male#sri_lanka#93.4%)
(people_literacy_female#sri_lanka#87.2%)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_long_form#sri_lanka#Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_short_form#sri_lanka#Sri Lanka)
(government_name_of_country_former#sri_lanka#Ceylon)
(government_data_code#sri_lanka#CE)
(government_type_of_government#sri_lanka#republic)
(government_capital#sri_lanka#Colombo)
(government_administrative_divisions#sri_lanka#8 provinces; Central, North Central, North Eastern, North Western, Sabaragamuwa, Southern, Uva, Western)
(government_independence#sri_lanka#4 February 1948 {from UK})
(government_national_holiday#sri_lanka#Independence and National Day, 4 February {1948})
(government_constitution#sri_lanka#adopted 16 August 1978)
(government_legal_system#sri_lanka#a highly complex mixture of English common law, Roman-Dutch, Muslim, Sinhalese, and customary law; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction)
(government_suffrage#sri_lanka#18 years of age; universal)
(government_executive_branch_chief_of_state_and_head_of_government#sri_lanka#President Chandrika Bandaranaike KUMARATUNGA {since 12 November 1994} was elected for a six-year term by popular vote; note - Sirimavo BANDARANAIKE is the prime minister; in Sri Lanka the president is considered to be both the chief of state and the head of the government, this is in contrast to the more common practice of dividing the roles between the president and the prime minister when both offices exist; election last held 9 November 1994 {next to be held NA November 2000}; results - Chandrika Bandaranaike KUMARATUNGA {People's Alliance} 62%, Srima DISSANAYAKE {United National Party} 37%, other 1%)
(government_executive_branch_cabinet#sri_lanka#Cabinet was appointed by the president in consultation with the prime minister)
(government_legislative_branch#sri_lanka#unicameral)
(government_parliament#sri_lanka#elections last held 16 August 1994 {next to be held by August 2000}; results - PA 49.0%, UNP 44.0%, SLMC 1.8%, TULF 1.7%, SLPF 1.1%, EPDP 0.3%, UPF 0.3%, PLOTE 0.1%, other 1.7%; seats - {225 total} PA 105, UNP 94, EPDP 9, SLMC 7, TULF 5, PLOTE 3, SLPF 1, UPF 1)
(government_judicial_branch#sri_lanka#Supreme Court, judges are appointed by the Judicial Service Commission)
(government_political_parties_and_leaders#sri_lanka#All Ceylon Tamil Congress {ACTC}, C. G. Kumar PONNAMBALAM; Ceylon Workers Congress {CLDC}, S. THONDAMAN; Communist Party, K. P. SILVA; Communist Party/Beijing {CP/B}, N. SHANMUGATHASAN; Democratic People's Liberation Front {DPLF}, leader NA; Democratic United National Front {DUNF}, G. M. PREMACHANDRA; Eelam People's Democratic Party {EPDP}, Douglas DEVANANDA; Eelam People's Revolutionary Liberation Front {EPRL}, Suresh PREMACHANDRAN; Eelam Revolutionary Organization of Students {EROS}, Shankar RAJI; Lanka Socialist Party/Trotskyite {LSSP, or Lanka Sama Samaja Party}, Colin R. DE SILVA; Liberal Party {LP}, Chanaka AMARATUNGA; New Socialist Party {NSSP, or Nava Sama Samaja Party}, Vasudeva NANAYAKKARA; People's Alliance {PA}, Chandrika Bandaranaike KUMARATUNGA; People's Liberation Organization of Tamil Eelam {PLOTE}, Dharmalingam SIDARTHAN; People's United Front {MEP, or Mahajana Eksath Peramuna}, Dinesh GUNAWARDENE; Sri Lanka Freedom Party {SLFP}, Sirimavo BANDARANAIKE; Sri Lanka Muslim Congress {SLMC}, M. H. M. ASHRAFF; Sri Lanka People's Party {SLMP, or Sri Lanka Mahajana Party}, Ossie ABEYGUNASEKERA; Sri Lanka Progressive Front {SLPF}, leader NA; Tamil Eelam Liberation Organization {TELO}, leader NA; Tamil United Liberation Front {TULF}, M. SIVASITHAMBARAM; United National Party {UNP}, Dingiri Banda WIJETUNGA; Upcountry People's Front {UPF}, leader NA; several ethnic Tamil and Muslim parties, represented in either parliament or provincial councils)
(government_political_parties_and_leaders_note#sri_lanka#the United Socialist Alliance {USA}, which was formed in 1987 and included the NSSP, LSSP, SLMP, CP/M, and CP/B, was defunct as of 1993, following the formation of the People's Alliance Party {PA})
(government_other_political_or_pressure_groups#sri_lanka#Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam {LTTE} and other smaller Tamil separatist groups; other radical chauvinist Sinhalese groups; Buddhist clergy; Sinhalese Buddhist lay groups; labor unions)
(government_international_organization_participation#sri_lanka#AsDB, C, CCC, CP, ESCAP, FAO, G-24, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Inmarsat, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, NAM, PCA, SAARC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNU, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_chief_of_mission#sri_lanka#Ambassador Jayantha Cudah Bandara DHANAPALA)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_chancery#sri_lanka#2148 Wyoming Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_telephone#sri_lanka#[1] {202} 483-4025 through 4028)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_fax#sri_lanka#[1] {202} 232-7181)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_consulate{s}#sri_lanka#New York)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_chief_of_mission#sri_lanka#Ambassador A. Peter BURLEIGH)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_embassy#sri_lanka#210 Galle Road, Colombo 3)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_mailing_address#sri_lanka#P. O. Box 106, Colombo)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_telephone#sri_lanka#[94] {1} 448007)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_fax#sri_lanka#[94] {1} 437345)
(government_flag#sri_lanka#yellow with two panels; the smaller hoist-side panel has two equal vertical bands of green {hoist side} and orange; the other panel is a large dark red rectangle with a yellow lion holding a sword, and there is a yellow bo leaf in each corner; the yellow field appears as a border that goes around the entire flag and extends between the two panels)
(economy_economic_overview#sri_lanka#Industry - dominated by the fast-growing apparel industry - has surpassed agriculture as the main source of export earnings. The economy has been plagued by high rates of unemployment since the late 1970s. Economic growth accelerated in 1991-94 as domestic conditions began to improve and conditions for foreign investment brightened. In 1995, however, the government's emphasis on populist measures and its preoccupation with the stepped-up Tamil insurgency have clouded Sri Lanka's economic prospects and discouraged foreign investors. A further problem for 1996 is the need to curb government overspending.)
(economy_gdp#sri_lanka#purchasing power parity - $65.6 billion {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_real_growth_rate#sri_lanka#5% {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_per_capita#sri_lanka#$3,600 {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_agriculture#sri_lanka#24%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_industry#sri_lanka#24%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_services#sri_lanka#52% {1994 est.})
(economy_inflation_rate_{consumer_prices}#sri_lanka#8.4% {1994 est.})
(economy_labor_force#sri_lanka#6.1 million)
(economy_labor_force_by_occupation#sri_lanka#agriculture 45%, services 37%, industry 18% {1993 est.})
(economy_unemployment_rate#sri_lanka#13% {1994 est.})
(economy_budget_revenues#sri_lanka#$2.7 billion)
(economy_budget_expenditures#sri_lanka#$3.7 billion, including capital expenditures of $851 million {1995})
(economy_industries#sri_lanka#processing of rubber, tea, coconuts, and other agricultural commodities; clothing, cement, petroleum refining, textiles, tobacco)
(economy_industrial_production_growth_rate#sri_lanka#9% {1994 est.})
(economy_electricity_capacity#sri_lanka#1,410,000 kW)
(economy_electricity_production#sri_lanka#3.2 billion kWh)
(economy_electricity_consumption_per_capita#sri_lanka#168 kWh {1993})
(economy_agriculture#sri_lanka#rice, sugarcane, grains, pulses, oilseed, roots, spices, tea, rubber, coconuts; milk, eggs, hides, meat)
(economy_exports#sri_lanka#$3.2 billion {f.o.b., 1994})
(economy_exports_commodities#sri_lanka#garments and textiles, teas, diamonds, other gems, petroleum products, rubber products, other agricultural products, marine products, graphite)
(economy_exports_partners#sri_lanka#US 34.7%, UK, Germany, Japan, Netherlands, France {1994})
(economy_imports#sri_lanka#$4.8 billion {c.i.f., 1994})
(economy_imports_commodities#sri_lanka#textiles and textile materials, machinery and equipment, transport equipment, food, petroleum, building materials)
(economy_imports_partners#sri_lanka#Japan, India, UK, Hong Kong, South Korea, Taiwan, Singapore, China {1994})
(economy_external_debt#sri_lanka#$8.8 billion {1994 est.})
(economy_economic_aid_recipient#sri_lanka#ODA, $423 million {1993})
(economy_currency#sri_lanka#1 Sri Lankan rupee {SLRe} = 100 cents)
(economy_exchange_rates#sri_lanka#Sri Lankan rupees {SLRes} per US$1 - 54.158 {January 1996}, 51.252 {1995}, 49.415 {1994}, 48.322 {1993}, 43.830 {1992}, 41.372 {1991})
(economy_fiscal_year#sri_lanka#calendar year)
(transportation_railways_total#sri_lanka#1,484 km)
(transportation_railways_broad_gauge#sri_lanka#1,459 km 1.676-m gauge)
(transportation_railways_narrow_gauge#sri_lanka#25 km .762-m gauge {1995})
(transportation_highways_total#sri_lanka#94,651 km)
(transportation_highways_paved#sri_lanka#25,749 km)
(transportation_highways_unpaved#sri_lanka#68,902 km {1990})
(transportation_waterways#sri_lanka#430 km; navigable by shallow-draft craft)
(transportation_pipelines#sri_lanka#crude oil and petroleum products 62 km {1987})
(transportation_ports#sri_lanka#Colombo, Galle, Jaffna, Trincomalee)
(transportation_merchant_marine_total#sri_lanka#26 ships {1,000 GRT or over} totaling 220,508 GRT/329,410 DWT)
(transportation_merchant_marine_ships_by_type#sri_lanka#bulk 2, cargo 13, container 1, oil tanker 2, refrigerated cargo 8 {1995 est.})
(transportation_airports_total#sri_lanka#13)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_over_3,047_m#sri_lanka#1)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_1,524_to_2,437_m#sri_lanka#6)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_914_to_1,523_m#sri_lanka#6 {1995 est.})
(communications_telephones#sri_lanka#175,000 {1991 est.})
(communications_telephone_system#sri_lanka#very inadequate domestic service, good international service)
(communications_telephone_system_domestic#sri_lanka#NA)
(communications_telephone_system_international#sri_lanka#submarine cables to Indonesia and Djibouti; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat {Indian Ocean})
(communications_radio_broadcast_stations#sri_lanka#AM 12, FM 5, shortwave 0)
(communications_radios#sri_lanka#3.525 million {1992 est.})
(communications_television_broadcast_stations#sri_lanka#5)
(communications_televisions#sri_lanka#865,000 {1992 est.})
(defense_branches#sri_lanka#Army, Navy, Air Force, Police Force)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_age_15-49#sri_lanka#5,085,306)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_fit_for_military_service#sri_lanka#3,960,070)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_reach_military_age_{18}_annually#sri_lanka#180,825 {1996 est.})
(defense_defense_expenditures#sri_lanka#exchange rate conversion - $640 million, 4.4% of GDP {1996})
(geography_location#sudan#Northern Africa, bordering the Red Sea, between Egypt and Eritrea)
(geography_geographic_coordinates#sudan#15 00 N, 30 00 E)
(geography_map_references#sudan#Africa)
(geography_area_total_area#sudan#2,505,810 sq km)
(geography_area_land_area#sudan#2.376 million sq km)
(geography_area_comparative_area#sudan#slightly more than one-quarter the size of the US)
(geography_land_boundaries_total#sudan#7,687 km)
(geography_land_boundaries_border_countries#sudan#Central African Republic 1,165 km, Chad 1,360 km, Egypt 1,273 km, Eritrea 605 km, Ethiopia 1,606 km, Kenya 232 km, Libya 383 km, Uganda 435 km, Zaire 628 km)
(geography_coastline#sudan#853 km)
(geography_maritime_claims_contiguous_zone#sudan#18 nm)
(geography_maritime_claims_continental_shelf#sudan#200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation)
(geography_maritime_claims_territorial_sea#sudan#12 nm)
(geography_international_disputes#sudan#administrative boundary with Kenya does not coincide with international boundary; administrative boundary with Egypt does not coincide with international boundary creating the "Hala'ib Triangle," a barren area of 20,580 sq km, tensions over this disputed area began to escalate in 1992 and remain high)
(geography_climate#sudan#tropical in south; arid desert in north; rainy season {April to October})
(geography_terrain#sudan#generally flat, featureless plain; mountains in east and west)
(geography_terrain_lowest_point#sudan#Red Sea 0 m)
(geography_terrain_highest_point#sudan#Kinyeti 3,187 m)
(geography_natural_resources#sudan#petroleum; small reserves of iron ore, copper, chromium ore, zinc, tungsten, mica, silver, gold)
(geography_land_use_arable_land#sudan#5%)
(geography_land_use_permanent_crops#sudan#0%)
(geography_land_use_meadows_and_pastures#sudan#24%)
(geography_land_use_forest_and_woodland#sudan#20%)
(geography_land_use_other#sudan#51%)
(geography_irrigated_land#sudan#18,900 sq km {1989 est.})
(geography_environment_current_issues#sudan#inadequate supplies of potable water; wildlife populations threatened by excessive hunting; soil erosion; desertification)
(geography_environment_natural_hazards#sudan#dust storms)
(geography_environment_international_agreements#sudan#party to - Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Law of the Sea, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Whaling)
(geography_geographic_note#sudan#largest country in Africa; dominated by the Nile and its tributaries)
(people_population#sudan#31,547,543 {July 1996 est.})
(people_age_structure_0-14_years#sudan#46% {male 7,389,616; female 7,080,044})
(people_age_structure_15-64_years#sudan#52% {male 8,219,080; female 8,172,544})
(people_age_structure_65_years_and_over#sudan#2% {male 387,961; female 298,298} {July 1996 est.})
(people_population_growth_rate#sudan#3.48% {1996 est.})
(people_birth_rate#sudan#41.08 births/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_death_rate#sudan#11.46 deaths/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_net_migration_rate#sudan#5.17 migrant{s}/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_sex_ratio_at_birth#sudan#1.05 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_under_15_years#sudan#1.04 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_15-64_years#sudan#1.01 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_65_years_and_over#sudan#1.3 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_all_ages#sudan#1.03 male{s}/female {1996 est.})
(people_infant_mortality_rate#sudan#76 deaths/1,000 live births {1996 est.})
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_total_population#sudan#55.12 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_male#sudan#54.2 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_female#sudan#56.09 years {1996 est.})
(people_total_fertility_rate#sudan#5.89 children born/woman {1996 est.})
(people_nationality_noun#sudan#Sudanese {singular and plural})
(people_nationality_adjective#sudan#Sudanese)
(people_ethnic_divisions#sudan#black 52%, Arab 39%, Beja 6%, foreigners 2%, other 1%)
(people_religions#sudan#Sunni Muslim 70% {in north}, indigenous beliefs 25%, Christian 5% {mostly in south and Khartoum})
(people_languages#sudan#Arabic {official}, Nubian, Ta Bedawie, diverse dialects of Nilotic, Nilo-Hamitic, Sudanic languages, English)
(people_languages_note#sudan#program of Arabization in process)
(people_literacy#sudan#age 15 and over can read and write {1995 est.})
(people_literacy_total_population#sudan#46.1%)
(people_literacy_male#sudan#57.7%)
(people_literacy_female#sudan#34.6%)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_long_form#sudan#Republic of the Sudan)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_short_form#sudan#Sudan)
(government_name_of_country_local_long_form#sudan#Jumhuriyat as-Sudan)
(government_name_of_country_local_short_form#sudan#As-Sudan)
(government_name_of_country_former#sudan#Anglo-Egyptian Sudan)
(government_data_code#sudan#SU)
(government_type_of_government#sudan#transitional - previously ruling military junta; presidential and National Assembly elections held in March 1996; new constitution to be drafted by the National Assembly)
(government_capital#sudan#Khartoum)
(government_administrative_divisions#sudan#9 states {wilayat, singular - wilayat or wilayah*}; A'ali an Nil {Upper Nile}, Al Wusta*, Al Istiwa'iyah* {Equatoria}, Al Khartum, Ash Shamaliyah*, Ash Sharqiyah*, Bahr al Ghazal, Darfur, Kurdufan)
(government_administrative_divisions_note#sudan#on 14 February 1994, the 9 states comprising Sudan were divided into 26 new states; the following spellings have been reported but not approved by the US Board on Geographic Names {Bahr Aljebal, Blue Nile, Bohayrat, East Equatoria, Gedarif, Gezira, Jungle, Kassala, Khartoum, North, North Bahr Alghazal, North Darfur, North Kordofan, Red Sea, River Nile, Sinnar, South Darfur, South Kordofan, Unity, Upper Nile, Warab, West Bahr Alghazal, West Darfur, West Kordofan, West Equatoria, White Nile})
(government_independence#sudan#1 January 1956 {from Egypt and UK})
(government_national_holiday#sudan#Independence Day, 1 January {1956})
(government_constitution#sudan#12 April 1973, suspended following coup of 6 April 1985; interim constitution of 10 October 1985 suspended following coup of 30 June 1989; new constitution to be drafted following national elections held in March 1996)
(government_legal_system#sudan#based on English common law and Islamic law; as of 20 January 1991, the now defunct Revolutionary Command Council imposed Islamic law in the northern states; the council is still studying criminal provisions under Islamic law; Islamic law applies to all residents of the northern states regardless of their religion; some separate religious courts; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations)
(government_suffrage#sudan#NA years of age; universal, but noncompulsary)
(government_executive_branch_chief_of_state_and_head_of_government#sudan#President Lt. General Umar Hasan Ahmad al-BASHIR {since 16 October 1993} was elected to a five-year term by popular vote; election last held 6-17 March 1996 {next to be held NA 2001}; results - President al-BASHIR won 75.7% of the vote and defeated about forty other candidates; First Vice President Major General al-Zubayr Muhammad SALIH {since 19 October 1993}, Second Vice President {Police} Maj. General George KONGOR AROP {since NA February 1994})
(government_executive_branch_note#sudan#al-BASHIR, as chairman of the Revolutionary Command Council for National Salvation {RCC}, assumed power on 30 June 1989 and served concurrently as chief of state, chairman of the RCC, prime minister, and minister of defense until 16 October 1993 when he was appointed president by the RCC; upon its dissolution on 16 October 1993, the RCC's executive and legislative powers were devolved to the president and the Transitional National Assembly {TNA}, Sudan's appointed legislative body, which has since been replaced by the National Assembly which was elected in March 1996)
(government_executive_branch_cabinet#sudan#Cabinet was appointed by the president; note - on 30 October 1993, President al-BASHIR announced a new, predominantly civilian cabinet, consisting of 20 federal ministers, most of whom retained their previous cabinet positions; on 9 February 1995, he abolished three ministries and redivided their portfolios to create several new ministries; these changes increased National Islamic Front presence at the ministerial level and consolidated its control over the Ministry of Foreign Affairs; President al-BASHIR's government is dominated by members of Sudan's National Islamic Front, a fundamentalist political organization formed from the Muslim Brotherhood in 1986; front leader Hasan al-TURABI dominates much of Khartoum's overall domestic and foreign policies; President al-BASHIR is expected to name a new cabinet following the elections held in March 1996)
(government_legislative_branch#sudan#unicameral)
(government_national_assembly#sudan#elections last held 6-17 March 1996 {next to be held NA}; results - percent of vote NA; seats - {400 total, 275 directly elected, and 125 elected by a supra assembly of interest groups known as the National Congress}; note - March 1996 elections were held on a nonparty basis and parties are to be banned in the new National Assembly)
(government_judicial_branch#sudan#Supreme Court; Special Revolutionary Courts)
(government_political_parties_and_leaders#sudan#none; banned following 30 June 1989 coup)
(government_other_political_or_pressure_groups#sudan#National Islamic Front, Hasan al-TURABI)
(government_international_organization_participation#sudan#ABEDA, ACP, AfDB, AFESD, AL, AMF, CAEU, CCC, ECA, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IGADD, ILO, IMF, IMO, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, IOM {observer}, ITU, NAM, OAU, OIC, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNU, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO {observer})
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_chief_of_mission#sudan#Ambassador-designate Mahdi IBRAHIM)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_chancery#sudan#2210 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_telephone#sudan#[1] {202} 338-8565 through 8570)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_fax#sudan#[1] {202} 667-2406)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation#sudan#operations in Khartoum were suspended in February 1996; Ambassador to Sudan Timothy M. CARNEY and several members of the mission have relocated to Nairobi, Kenya and operate out of the US Embassy there; the embassy is located at the corner of Moi Avenue and Haile Selassie Avenue; mailing address: P. O. Box 30137, Unit 64100, APO AE 09831; telephone: [254] {2} 334141; FAX: [254] {2} 340838)
(government_flag#sudan#three equal horizontal bands of red {top}, white, and black with a green isosceles triangle based on the hoist side)
(economy_economic_overview#sudan#Sudan is buffeted by civil war, chronic political instability, adverse weather, high inflation, a drop in remittances from abroad, and counterproductive economic policies. The private sector's main areas of activity are agriculture and trading, with most private industrial investment predating 1980. Agriculture employs 80% of the work force. Industry mainly processes agricultural items. Sluggish economic performance over the past decade, attributable largely to declining annual rainfall, has reduced levels of per capita income and consumption. A large foreign debt and huge arrearages continue to cause difficulties. In 1990 the International Monetary Fund took the unusual step of declaring Sudan noncooperative because of its nonpayment of arrearages to the Fund. After Sudan backtracked on promised reforms in 1992-93, the IMF threatened to expel Sudan from the Fund. To avoid expulsion, Khartoum agreed to make payments on its arrears to the Fund, liberalize exchange rates, and reduce subsidies, measures it has partially implemented. The government's continued prosecution of the civil war and its growing international isolation continued to inhibit growth in the nonagricultural sectors of the economy during 1995. Agricultural production in 1995, while fairly good, was not up to the bumper crop level of 1994.)
(economy_gdp#sudan#purchasing power parity - $25 billion {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_real_growth_rate#sudan#0% {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_per_capita#sudan#$800 {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_agriculture#sudan#33%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_industry#sudan#17%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_services#sudan#50% {1992 est.})
(economy_inflation_rate_{consumer_prices}#sudan#66% {1995 est.})
(economy_labor_force#sudan#8.9 million {1993 est.})
(economy_labor_force_by_occupation#sudan#agriculture 80%, industry and commerce 10%, government 6%)
(economy_labor_force_note#sudan#labor shortages for almost all categories of skilled employment {1983 est.})
(economy_unemployment_rate#sudan#30% {FY92/93 est.})
(economy_budget_revenues#sudan#$382 million)
(economy_budget_expenditures#sudan#$1.06 billion, including capital expenditures of $91 million {1995 est.})
(economy_industries#sudan#cotton ginning, textiles, cement, edible oils, sugar, soap distilling, shoes, petroleum refining)
(economy_industrial_production_growth_rate#sudan#6.8% {FY92/93 est.})
(economy_electricity_capacity#sudan#500,000 kW)
(economy_electricity_production#sudan#1.3 billion kWh)
(economy_electricity_consumption_per_capita#sudan#42 kWh {1993})
(economy_agriculture#sudan#cotton, oilseed, sorghum, millet, wheat, gum arabic; sheep)
(economy_exports#sudan#$535 million {f.o.b., 1995 est.})
(economy_exports_commodities#sudan#cotton 24%, livestock/meat 13%, gum arabic 11%)
(economy_exports_partners#sudan#EU 39%, Saudi Arabia 19%, Japan 9%, US 3% {1993})
(economy_imports#sudan#$1.1 billion {c.i.f., 1995 est.})
(economy_imports_commodities#sudan#foodstuffs, petroleum products, manufactured goods, machinery and equipment, medicines and chemicals, textiles)
(economy_imports_partners#sudan#EU 31%, Libya 19%, Egypt 5%, Saudi Arabia 5%, US 5% {1993})
(economy_external_debt#sudan#$18 billion {yearend 1995 est.})
(economy_economic_aid_recipient#sudan#ODA, $387 million {1993})
(economy_currency#sudan#1 Sudanese pound {úSd} = 100 piastres)
(economy_exchange_rates#sudan#Sudanese pounds {úSd} per US$1 - official rate: 750.0 {November 1995}, 277.8 {1994}, 153.8 {1993}, 69.4 {1992}, 5.4288 {1991}; market rate: 571.02 {August 1995}, 289.61 {1994}, 159.31 {1993}, 97.43 {1992}, 6.96 {1991})
(economy_exchange_rates_note#sudan#the market rate is a unified exchange rate determined by a committee of local bankers, without official intervention, and is quoted uniformly by all commercial banks)
(economy_fiscal_year#sudan#calendar year)
(economy_fiscal_year_note#sudan#prior to July 1995, Sudan had a fiscal year that began on 1 July and ended on 30 June; as a transition to their new fiscal year, a six-month budget was implemented for 1 July - 31 December 1995; the new calendar year {1 January - 31 December} fiscal year became effective 1 January 1996)
(transportation_railways_total#sudan#5,516 km)
(transportation_railways_narrow_gauge#sudan#4,800 km 1.067-m gauge; 716 km 1.6096-m gauge plantation line)
(transportation_highways_total#sudan#19,885 km)
(transportation_highways_paved#sudan#1,989 km)
(transportation_highways_unpaved#sudan#17,896 km {1986 est.})
(transportation_waterways#sudan#5,310 km navigable)
(transportation_pipelines#sudan#refined products 815 km)
(transportation_ports#sudan#Juba, Khartoum, Kusti, Malakal, Nimule, Port Sudan, Sawakin)
(transportation_merchant_marine_total#sudan#5 ships {1,000 GRT or over} totaling 43,024 GRT/57,985 DWT)
(transportation_merchant_marine_ships_by_type#sudan#cargo 3, roll-on/roll-off cargo 2 {1995 est.})
(transportation_airports_total#sudan#56)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_2,438_to_3,047_m#sudan#8)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_1,524_to_2,437_m#sudan#3)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_under_914_m#sudan#7)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_1,524_to_2,437_m#sudan#13)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_914_to_1,523_m#sudan#25 {1995 est.})
(transportation_heliports#sudan#1 {1995 est.})
(communications_telephones#sudan#77,215 {1983 est.})
(communications_telephone_system#sudan#large, well-equipped system by African standards, but barely adequate and poorly maintained by modern standards)
(communications_telephone_system_domestic#sudan#consists of microwave radio relay, cable, radiotelephone communications, tropospheric scatter, and a domestic satellite system with 14 earth stations)
(communications_telephone_system_international#sudan#satellite earth stations - 1 Intelsat {Atlantic Ocean} and 1 Arabsat)
(communications_radio_broadcast_stations#sudan#AM 11, FM 0, shortwave 0)
(communications_radios#sudan#6.67 million {1992 est.})
(communications_television_broadcast_stations#sudan#3)
(communications_televisions#sudan#2.06 million {1992 est.})
(defense_branches#sudan#Army, Navy, Air Force, Popular Defense Force Militia)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_age_15-49#sudan#7,152,884)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_fit_for_military_service#sudan#4,399,445)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_reach_military_age_{18}_annually#sudan#329,460 {1996 est.})
(defense_defense_expenditures#sudan#$NA, NA% of GDP)
(geography_location#suriname#Northern South America, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean, between French Guiana and Guyana)
(geography_geographic_coordinates#suriname#4 00 N, 56 00 W)
(geography_map_references#suriname#South America)
(geography_area_total_area#suriname#163,270 sq km)
(geography_area_land_area#suriname#161,470 sq km)
(geography_area_comparative_area#suriname#slightly larger than Georgia)
(geography_land_boundaries_total#suriname#1,707 km)
(geography_land_boundaries_border_countries#suriname#Brazil 597 km, French Guiana 510 km, Guyana 600 km)
(geography_coastline#suriname#386 km)
(geography_maritime_claims_exclusive_economic_zone#suriname#200 nm)
(geography_maritime_claims_territorial_sea#suriname#12 nm)
(geography_international_disputes#suriname#claims area in French Guiana between Litani Rivier and Riviere Marouini {both headwaters of the Lawa Rivier}; claims area in Guyana between New {Upper Courantyne} and Courantyne/Koetari Rivers {all headwaters of the Courantyne})
(geography_climate#suriname#tropical; moderated by trade winds)
(geography_terrain#suriname#mostly rolling hills; narrow coastal plain with swamps)
(geography_terrain_lowest_point#suriname#unnamed location in the coastal plain -2 m)
(geography_terrain_highest_point#suriname#Wilhelmina Gebergte 1,286 m)
(geography_natural_resources#suriname#timber, hydropower potential, fish, shrimp, bauxite, iron ore, and small amounts of nickel, copper, platinum, gold)
(geography_land_use_arable_land#suriname#NEGL%)
(geography_land_use_permanent_crops#suriname#0%)
(geography_land_use_meadows_and_pastures#suriname#0%)
(geography_land_use_forest_and_woodland#suriname#97%)
(geography_land_use_other#suriname#3%)
(geography_irrigated_land#suriname#590 sq km {1989 est.})
(geography_environment_current_issues#suriname#deforestation as foreign producers obtain timber concessions)
(geography_environment_natural_hazards#suriname#NA)
(geography_environment_international_agreements#suriname#party to - Endangered Species, Marine Dumping, Nuclear Test Ban, Ship Pollution, Wetlands, Whaling; signed, but not ratified - Biodiversity, Climate Change, Law of the Sea)
(geography_geographic_note#suriname#mostly tropical rain forest; great diversity of flora and fauna which for the most part is not threatened because of the lack of development; relatively small population most of which lives along the coast)
(people_population#suriname#436,418 {July 1996 est.})
(people_age_structure_0-14_years#suriname#34% {male 74,959; female 71,500})
(people_age_structure_15-64_years#suriname#62% {male 136,287; female 132,407})
(people_age_structure_65_years_and_over#suriname#4% {male 9,930; female 11,335} {July 1996 est.})
(people_population_growth_rate#suriname#1.6% {1996 est.})
(people_birth_rate#suriname#24.15 births/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_death_rate#suriname#5.84 deaths/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_net_migration_rate#suriname#-2.36 migrant{s}/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_sex_ratio_at_birth#suriname#1.05 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_under_15_years#suriname#1.05 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_15-64_years#suriname#1.03 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_65_years_and_over#suriname#0.88 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_all_ages#suriname#1.03 male{s}/female {1996 est.})
(people_infant_mortality_rate#suriname#29.3 deaths/1,000 live births {1996 est.})
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_total_population#suriname#70.04 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_male#suriname#67.51 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_female#suriname#72.7 years {1996 est.})
(people_total_fertility_rate#suriname#2.68 children born/woman {1996 est.})
(people_nationality_noun#suriname#Surinamer{s})
(people_nationality_adjective#suriname#Surinamese)
(people_ethnic_divisions#suriname#Hindustani {also known locally as "East" Indians; their ancestors emigrated from northern India in the latter part of the 19th century} 37%, Creole {mixed European and African ancestry} 31%, Javanese 15.3%, "Bush Black" {also known as "Bush Creole" whose ancestors were brought to the country in the 17th and 18th centuries as slaves} 10.3%, Amerindian 2.6%, Chinese 1.7%, Europeans 1%, other 1.1%)
(people_religions#suriname#Hindu 27.4%, Muslim 19.6%, Roman Catholic 22.8%, Protestant 25.2% {predominantly Moravian}, indigenous beliefs 5%)
(people_languages#suriname#Dutch {official}, English {widely spoken}, Sranang Tongo {Surinamese, sometimes called Taki-Taki, is native language of Creoles and much of the younger population and is lingua franca among others}, Hindustani {a dialect of Hindi}, Javanese)
(people_literacy#suriname#age 15 and over can read and write {1995 est.})
(people_literacy_total_population#suriname#93%)
(people_literacy_male#suriname#95.1%)
(people_literacy_female#suriname#91%)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_long_form#suriname#Republic of Suriname)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_short_form#suriname#Suriname)
(government_name_of_country_local_long_form#suriname#Republiek Suriname)
(government_name_of_country_local_short_form#suriname#Suriname)
(government_name_of_country_former#suriname#Netherlands Guiana, Dutch Guiana)
(government_data_code#suriname#NS)
(government_type_of_government#suriname#republic)
(government_capital#suriname#Paramaribo)
(government_administrative_divisions#suriname#10 districts {distrikten, singular - distrikt}; Brokopondo, Commewijne, Coronie, Marowijne, Nickerie, Para, Paramaribo, Saramacca, Sipaliwini, Wanica)
(government_independence#suriname#25 November 1975 {from Netherlands})
(government_national_holiday#suriname#Independence Day, 25 November {1975})
(government_constitution#suriname#ratified 30 September 1987)
(government_legal_system#suriname#NA)
(government_suffrage#suriname#18 years of age; universal)
(government_executive_branch_chief_of_state_and_head_of_government#suriname#President Ronald R. VENETIAAN {since 16 September 1991} and Prime Minister Jules R. AJODHIA {since 16 September 1991}, who is also the vice president, were elected for five-year terms by the National Assembly; election last held 6 September 1991 {next to be held NA May 1996}; results - elected by the National Assembly - Ronald VENETIAAN {NF} 80% {645 votes}, Jules WIJDENBOSCH {NDP} 14% {115 votes}, Hans PRADE {DA '91} 6% {49 votes})
(government_executive_branch_cabinet#suriname#Cabinet of Ministers was appointed by the president from among the members of the National Assembly)
(government_executive_branch_note#suriname#Commander in Chief of the National Army maintains significant power)
(government_legislative_branch#suriname#unicameral)
(government_national_assembly_{assemblee_nationale}#suriname#elections last held 25 May 1991 {next to be held NA May 1996}; results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - {51 total} NF 30, NDP 10, DA '91 9, independents 2)
(government_judicial_branch#suriname#Supreme Court, justices nominated for life)
(government_political_parties_and_leaders#suriname#The New Front {NF}, a coalition of four parties {NPS, VHP, KTPI, SPA}, leader Ronald R. VENETIAAN; Progressive Reform Party {VHP}, Jaggernath LACHMON; National Party of Suriname {NPS}, Ronald VENETIAAN; Party of National Unity and Solidarity {KTPI}, Willy SOEMITA; Suriname Labor Party {SPA}, Fred DERBY; Democratic Alternative '91 {DA '91}, a coalition of two parties {AF, and BEP} formed in January 1991, Winston JESSURUN; Alternative Forum {AF}, Gerard BRUNINGS; Party for Brotherhood and Unity in Politics {BEP}, Caprino ALLENDY; Pendawa Lima, Marsha JAMIN; National Democratic Party {NDP}, Desire BOUTERSE; Progressive Workers' and Farm Laborers' Union {PALU}, Ir Iwan KROLIS; The Alliance, a combination of three parties {DP, HPP, PVF}, Ernie BRUNINGS; Democratic Party {DP}, Ernie BRUNINGS; Reformed Progressive Party {HPP}, Harry KISOENSINGH; Party of the Federation of Land Workers PVF}, Jwan SITAL)
(government_other_political_or_pressure_groups#suriname#Surinamese Liberation Army {SLA}, Ronnie BRUNSWIJK, Johan "Castro" WALLY; Union for Liberation and Democracy, Kofi AFONGPONG; Mandela Bushnegro Liberation Movement, Leendert ADAMS; Tucayana Amazonica, Alex JUBITANA, Thomas SABAJO)
(government_international_organization_participation#suriname#ACP, Caricom, ECLAC, FAO, G-77, IADB, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IFAD, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Intelsat {nonsignatory user}, Interpol, IOC, ITU, LAES, NAM, OAS, OPANAL, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNMIH, UPU, WCL, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTrO)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_chief_of_mission#suriname#Ambassador Willem A. UDENHOUT)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_chancery#suriname#Suite 108, 4301 Connecticut Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_telephone#suriname#[1] {202} 244-7488, 7490 through 7492)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_fax#suriname#[1] {202} 244-5878)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_consulate{s}_general#suriname#Miami)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_chief_of_mission#suriname#Ambassador Roger R. GAMBLE)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_embassy#suriname#Dr. Sophie Redmondstraat 129, Paramaribo)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_mailing_address#suriname#P. O. Box 1821, American Embassy Paramaribo, Department of State, Washington, DC, 20521-3390)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_telephone#suriname#[597] 472900, 477881, 476459)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_fax#suriname#[597] 420800)
(government_flag#suriname#five horizontal bands of green {top, double width}, white, red {quadruple width}, white, and green {double width}; there is a large yellow five-pointed star centered in the red band)
(economy_economic_overview#suriname#The economy is dominated by the bauxite industry, which accounts for upwards of 15% of GDP and more than 65% of export earnings. Following a dismal year in 1994 which saw the value of the Surinamese currency plummet by about 80%, inflation rise to more than 600%, and national output fall for the fifth consecutive year, nearly all economic indicators improved in 1995. The VENETIAAN government unified the exchange rate and the currency gained some of its lost value. In addition, inflation fell to double digits and tax revenues increased sufficiently to nearly erase the budget deficit. The release of substantial development aid from the Netherlands - which had been held up due to the government's failure to initiate economic reforms - also helped buoy the economy. Suriname's economic prospects for the medium term will depend on continued implementation of needed economic restructuring; the outcome of the national elections in May 1996 will be an important factor in determining future government policy.)
(economy_gdp#suriname#purchasing power parity - $1.3 billion {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_real_growth_rate#suriname#0.7% {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_per_capita#suriname#$2,950 {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_agriculture#suriname#21.6%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_industry#suriname#23.7%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_services#suriname#54.7% {1994 est.})
(economy_inflation_rate_{consumer_prices}#suriname#62% {1995})
(economy_labor_force#suriname#98,240)
(economy_labor_force_by_occupation#suriname#agriculture, industry, services)
(economy_unemployment_rate#suriname#NA%)
(economy_budget_revenues#suriname#$300 million)
(economy_budget_expenditures#suriname#$700 million, including capital expenditures of $70 million {1994 est.})
(economy_industries#suriname#bauxite mining, alumina and aluminum production, lumbering, food processing, fishing)
(economy_industrial_production_growth_rate#suriname#NA%)
(economy_electricity_capacity#suriname#420,000 kW)
(economy_electricity_production#suriname#1.4 billion kWh)
(economy_electricity_consumption_per_capita#suriname#3,123 kWh {1993})
(economy_agriculture#suriname#paddy rice, bananas, palm kernels, coconuts, plantains, peanuts; beef, chicken; forest products and shrimp of increasing importance)
(economy_illicit_drugs#suriname#transshipment point for South American drugs destined for the US and Europe)
(economy_exports#suriname#$293.6 million {f.o.b., 1994 est.})
(economy_exports_commodities#suriname#alumina, aluminum, shrimp and fish, rice, bananas)
(economy_exports_partners#suriname#Norway 33%, Netherlands 26%, US 13%, Japan 6%, Brazil 6%, UK 3% {1992})
(economy_imports#suriname#$194.3 million {f.o.b., 1994 est.})
(economy_imports_commodities#suriname#capital equipment, petroleum, foodstuffs, cotton, consumer goods)
(economy_imports_partners#suriname#US 42%, Netherlands 22%, Trinidad and Tobago 10%, Brazil 5% {1992})
(economy_external_debt#suriname#$180 million {March 1993 est.})
(economy_economic_aid_recipient#suriname#ODA, $NA)
(economy_currency#suriname#1 Surinamese guilder, gulden, or florin {Sf.} = 100 cents)
(economy_exchange_rates#suriname#Surinamese guilders, gulden, or florins {Sf.} per US$1 - central bank midpoint rate: 402.32 {December 1995}, 442.23 {1995}, 134.12 {1994}; parallel rate: 412 {December 1995}, 510 {December 1994}, 109 {January 1994})
(economy_exchange_rates_note#suriname#beginning July 1994, the central bank midpoint exchange rate was unified and became market determined)
(economy_fiscal_year#suriname#calendar year)
(transportation_railways_total#suriname#166 km {single track})
(transportation_railways_standard_gauge#suriname#80 km 1.435-m gauge)
(transportation_railways_narrow_gauge#suriname#86 km 1.000-m gauge)
(transportation_highways_total#suriname#4,470 km)
(transportation_highways_paved#suriname#1,162 km)
(transportation_highways_unpaved#suriname#3,308 km {1990})
(transportation_waterways#suriname#1,200 km; most important means of transport; oceangoing vessels with drafts ranging up to 7 m can navigate many of the principal waterways)
(transportation_ports#suriname#Albina, Moengo, New Nickerie, Paramaribo, Paranam, Wageningen)
(transportation_merchant_marine_total#suriname#2 ships {1,000 GRT or over} totaling 2,421 GRT/2,990 DWT)
(transportation_merchant_marine_ships_by_type#suriname#cargo 1, container 1 {1995 est.})
(transportation_airports_total#suriname#38)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_over_3,047_m#suriname#1)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_under_914_m#suriname#31)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_914_to_1,523_m#suriname#6 {1995 est.})
(communications_telephones#suriname#43,522 {1992 est.})
(communications_telephone_system#suriname#international facilities good)
(communications_telephone_system_domestic#suriname#microwave radio relay network)
(communications_telephone_system_international#suriname#satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat {Atlantic Ocean})
(communications_radio_broadcast_stations#suriname#AM 5, FM 14, shortwave 1)
(communications_radios#suriname#290,256 {1993 est.})
(communications_television_broadcast_stations#suriname#6 {1987 est.})
(communications_televisions#suriname#59,598 {1993 est.})
(defense_branches#suriname#National Army {includes small Navy and Air Force elements}, Civil Police)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_age_15-49#suriname#119,010)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_fit_for_military_service#suriname#70,400 {1996 est.})
(defense_defense_expenditures#suriname#$NA, NA% of GDP)
(header_affiliation#svalbard#{territory of Norway})
(geography_location#svalbard#Northern Europe, islands between the Arctic Ocean, Barents Sea, Greenland Sea, and Norwegian Sea, north of Norway)
(geography_geographic_coordinates#svalbard#78 00 N, 20 00 E)
(geography_map_references#svalbard#Arctic Region)
(geography_area_total_area#svalbard#62,049 sq km)
(geography_area_land_area#svalbard#62,049 sq km)
(geography_area_comparative_area#svalbard#slightly smaller than West Virginia)
(geography_area_note#svalbard#includes Spitsbergen and Bjornoya {Bear Island})
(geography_land_boundaries#svalbard#0 km)
(geography_coastline#svalbard#3,587 km)
(geography_maritime_claims_exclusive_fishing_zone#svalbard#200 nm unilaterally claimed by Norway but not recognized by Russia)
(geography_maritime_claims_territorial_sea#svalbard#4 nm)
(geography_international_disputes#svalbard#focus of maritime boundary dispute in the Barents Sea between Norway and Russia)
(geography_climate#svalbard#arctic, tempered by warm North Atlantic Current; cool summers, cold winters; North Atlantic Current flows along west and north coasts of Spitsbergen, keeping water open and navigable most of the year)
(geography_terrain#svalbard#wild, rugged mountains; much of high land ice covered; west coast clear of ice about one-half of the year; fjords along west and north coasts)
(geography_terrain_lowest_point#svalbard#Arctic Ocean 0 m)
(geography_terrain_highest_point#svalbard#Newtontoppen 1,717 m)
(geography_natural_resources#svalbard#coal, copper, iron ore, phosphate, zinc, wildlife, fish)
(geography_land_use_arable_land#svalbard#0%)
(geography_land_use_permanent_crops#svalbard#0%)
(geography_land_use_meadows_and_pastures#svalbard#0%)
(geography_land_use_forest_and_woodland#svalbard#0%)
(geography_land_use_other#svalbard#100% {no trees and the only bushes are crowberry and cloudberry})
(geography_irrigated_land#svalbard#NA sq km)
(geography_environment_current_issues#svalbard#NA)
(geography_environment_natural_hazards#svalbard#ice floes often block up the entrance to Bellsund {a transit point for coal export} on the west coast and occasionally make parts of the northeastern coast inaccessible to maritime traffic)
(geography_environment_international_agreements#svalbard#NA)
(geography_geographic_note#svalbard#northernmost part of the Kingdom of Norway; consists of nine main islands; glaciers and snowfields cover 60% of the total area)
(people_population#svalbard#2,715 {July 1996 est.})
(people_age_structure_0-14_years#svalbard#NA)
(people_age_structure_15-64_years#svalbard#NA)
(people_age_structure_65_years_and_over#svalbard#NA)
(people_population_growth_rate#svalbard#-4.01% {1996 est.})
(people_birth_rate#svalbard#NA births/1,000 population)
(people_death_rate#svalbard#NA deaths/1,000 population)
(people_net_migration_rate#svalbard#NA migrant{s}/1,000 population)
(people_sex_ratio_at_birth#svalbard#NA male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_under_15_years#svalbard#NA male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_15-64_years#svalbard#NA male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_65_years_and_over#svalbard#NA male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_all_ages#svalbard#NA male{s}/female)
(people_infant_mortality_rate#svalbard#NA deaths/1,000 live births)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_total_population#svalbard#NA years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_male#svalbard#NA years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_female#svalbard#NA years)
(people_total_fertility_rate#svalbard#NA children born/woman)
(people_ethnic_divisions#svalbard#Russian and Ukrainian 62%, Norwegian 38%, other NEGL% {1994})
(people_languages#svalbard#Russian, Norwegian)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_long_form#svalbard#none)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_short_form#svalbard#Svalbard)
(government_data_code#svalbard#SV)
(government_type_of_government#svalbard#territory of Norway administered by the Ministry of Industry, Oslo, through a governor {sysselmann} residing in Longyearbyen, Spitsbergen; by treaty {9 February 1920} sovereignty was given to Norway)
(government_capital#svalbard#Longyearbyen)
(government_independence#svalbard#none {territory of Norway})
(government_national_holiday#svalbard#NA)
(government_legal_system#svalbard#NA)
(government_chief_of_state#svalbard#King HARALD V {of Norway since 17 January 1991} is a hereditary monarch)
(government_head_of_government#svalbard#Governor Ann-Krisitin OLSEN {since NA} and Assistant Governor Jan-Atle HANSEN {since NA September 1993} are responsible to the Polar Department of the Ministry of Justice)
(government_head_of_government_note#svalbard#Norwegian inhabitants participate in Norwegian national elections)
(government_international_organization_participation#svalbard#none)
(government_flag#svalbard#the flag of Norway is used)
(economy_economic_overview#svalbard#Coal mining is the major economic activity on Svalbard. By treaty {9 February 1920}, the nationals of the treaty powers have equal rights to exploit mineral deposits, subject to Norwegian regulation. Although US, UK, Dutch, and Swedish coal companies have mined in the past, the only companies still mining are Norwegian and Russian. The settlements on Svalbard are essentially company towns. The Norwegian state-owned coal company employs nearly 60% of the Norwegian population on the island, runs many of the local services, and provides most of the local infrastructure. There is also some trapping of seal, polar bear, fox, and walrus.)
(economy_labor_force#svalbard#NA)
(economy_budget_revenues#svalbard#$11.6 million)
(economy_budget_expenditures#svalbard#$11.6 million, including capital expenditures of $NA {1995 est.})
(economy_electricity_capacity#svalbard#21,000 kW)
(economy_electricity_production#svalbard#45 million kWh)
(economy_electricity_consumption_per_capita#svalbard#13,860 kWh {1992})
(economy_currency#svalbard#1 Norwegian krone {NKr} = 100 oere)
(economy_exchange_rates#svalbard#Norwegian kroner {NKr} per US$1 - 6.4160 {January 1996}, 6.3352 {1995}, 7.0576 {1994}, 7.0941 {1993}, 6.2145 {1992}, 6.4829 {1991})
(transportation_railways#svalbard#0 km)
(transportation_highways_total#svalbard#NA km)
(transportation_highways_paved#svalbard#NA km)
(transportation_highways_unpaved#svalbard#NA km)
(transportation_ports#svalbard#Barentsburg, Longyearbyen, Ny-Alesund, Pyramiden)
(transportation_merchant_marine#svalbard#none)
(transportation_airports_total#svalbard#4)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_1,524_to_2,437_m#svalbard#1)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_under_914_m#svalbard#3 {1995 est.})
(communications_telephones#svalbard#NA)
(communications_telephone_system_domestic#svalbard#local telephone service)
(communications_telephone_system_international#svalbard#satellite earth station - 1 of NA type {for communication with Norwegian mainland only})
(communications_radio_broadcast_stations#svalbard#AM 1, FM 1 {repeaters 2}, shortwave 0)
(communications_radio_broadcast_stations_note#svalbard#there are five meteorological/radio stations)
(communications_radios#svalbard#NA)
(communications_television_broadcast_stations#svalbard#1)
(communications_televisions#svalbard#NA)
(defense_defense_note#svalbard#demilitarized by treaty {9 February 1920})
(geography_location#swaziland#Southern Africa, between Mozambique and South Africa)
(geography_geographic_coordinates#swaziland#26 30 S, 31 30 E)
(geography_map_references#swaziland#Africa)
(geography_area_total_area#swaziland#17,360 sq km)
(geography_area_land_area#swaziland#17,200 sq km)
(geography_area_comparative_area#swaziland#slightly smaller than New Jersey)
(geography_land_boundaries_total#swaziland#535 km)
(geography_land_boundaries_border_countries#swaziland#Mozambique 105 km, South Africa 430 km)
(geography_coastline#swaziland#0 km {landlocked})
(geography_maritime_claims#swaziland#none {landlocked})
(geography_international_disputes#swaziland#Swaziland has asked South Africa to open negotiations on reincorporating some nearby South African territories that are populated by ethnic Swazis or that were long ago part of the Swazi Kingdom)
(geography_climate#swaziland#varies from tropical to near temperate)
(geography_terrain#swaziland#mostly mountains and hills; some moderately sloping plains)
(geography_terrain_lowest_point#swaziland#Great Usutu River 21 m)
(geography_terrain_highest_point#swaziland#Emlembe 1,862 m)
(geography_natural_resources#swaziland#asbestos, coal, clay, cassiterite, hydropower, forests, small gold and diamond deposits, quarry stone, and talc)
(geography_land_use_arable_land#swaziland#11%)
(geography_land_use_permanent_crops#swaziland#NEGL)
(geography_land_use_meadows_and_pastures#swaziland#62%)
(geography_land_use_forest_and_woodland#swaziland#7%)
(geography_land_use_other#swaziland#20%)
(geography_irrigated_land#swaziland#640 sq km {1993 est.})
(geography_environment_current_issues#swaziland#limited access to potable water; wildlife populations being depleted because of excessive hunting; overgrazing; soil degradation; soil erosion)
(geography_environment_natural_hazards#swaziland#NA)
(geography_environment_international_agreements#swaziland#party to - Biodiversity, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection; signed, but not ratified - Climate Change, Desertification, Law of the Sea)
(geography_geographic_note#swaziland#landlocked; almost completely surrounded by South Africa)
(people_population#swaziland#998,730 {July 1996 est.})
(people_age_structure_0-14_years#swaziland#46% {male 227,634; female 229,129})
(people_age_structure_15-64_years#swaziland#52% {male 247,156; female 271,096})
(people_age_structure_65_years_and_over#swaziland#2% {male 9,864; female 13,851} {July 1996 est.})
(people_population_growth_rate#swaziland#3.24% {1996 est.})
(people_birth_rate#swaziland#42.91 births/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_death_rate#swaziland#10.56 deaths/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_net_migration_rate#swaziland#0 migrant{s}/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_sex_ratio_at_birth#swaziland#1.03 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_under_15_years#swaziland#0.99 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_15-64_years#swaziland#0.91 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_65_years_and_over#swaziland#0.71 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_all_ages#swaziland#0.94 male{s}/female {1996 est.})
(people_infant_mortality_rate#swaziland#88.4 deaths/1,000 live births {1996 est.})
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_total_population#swaziland#57.26 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_male#swaziland#53.25 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_female#swaziland#61.4 years {1996 est.})
(people_total_fertility_rate#swaziland#6.05 children born/woman {1996 est.})
(people_nationality_noun#swaziland#Swazi{s})
(people_nationality_adjective#swaziland#Swazi)
(people_ethnic_divisions#swaziland#African 97%, European 3%)
(people_religions#swaziland#Christian 60%, indigenous beliefs 40%)
(people_languages#swaziland#English {official, government business conducted in English}, siSwati {official})
(people_literacy#swaziland#age 15 and over can read and write {1995 est.})
(people_literacy_total_population#swaziland#76.7%)
(people_literacy_male#swaziland#78%)
(people_literacy_female#swaziland#75.6%)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_long_form#swaziland#Kingdom of Swaziland)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_short_form#swaziland#Swaziland)
(government_data_code#swaziland#WZ)
(government_type_of_government#swaziland#monarchy; independent member of Commonwealth)
(government_capital#swaziland#Mbabane {administrative}; Lobamba {legislative})
(government_administrative_divisions#swaziland#4 districts; Hhohho, Lubombo, Manzini, Shiselweni)
(government_independence#swaziland#6 September 1968 {from UK})
(government_national_holiday#swaziland#Somhlolo {Independence} Day, 6 September {1968})
(government_constitution#swaziland#none; constitution of 6 September 1968 was suspended 12 April 1973; a new constitution was promulgated 13 October 1978, but has not been formally presented to the people)
(government_legal_system#swaziland#based on South African Roman-Dutch law in statutory courts and Swazi traditional law and custom in traditional courts; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction)
(government_suffrage#swaziland#NA; note - no suffrage before September 1993; 55 of the 65 seats in the House of Assembly were filled by popular vote in the elections of September and October 1993; of a population of less than 1 million, the electorate numbered 283,693)
(government_executive_branch_chief_of_state#swaziland#King MSWATI III {since 25 April 1986} is a hereditary monarch)
(government_executive_branch_head_of_government#swaziland#Prime Minister Prince Jameson Mbilini DLAMINI {since 12 November 1993}; appointed by the king)
(government_executive_branch_cabinet#swaziland#Cabinet; designated by the king)
(government_legislative_branch#swaziland#bicameral Parliament is advisory)
(government_senate#swaziland#consists of 30 members {10 appointed by the House of Assembly and 20 appointed by the king})
(government_house_of_assembly#swaziland#elections last held 26 September and 11 October 1993 {next to be held NA}; results - balloting is done on a nonparty basis; of the total of 65 seats, 10 are appointed by the king and 55 are elected by secret, popular vote; candidates for election are nominated by the local council of each constituency and for each constituency the three candidates with the most votes in the first round of voting are narrowed to a single winner by a second round)
(government_judicial_branch#swaziland#High Court, judges are appointed by the king; Court of Appeal, judges are appointed by the king)
(government_political_parties_and_leaders_note#swaziland#political parties are banned by the constitution promulgated on 13 October 1978; illegal parties are prohibited from holding large public gatherings)
(government_political_parties_and_leaders_illegal_parties#swaziland#Peoples' United Democratic Movement {PUDEMO}, Mario MASUKU; Swaziland Youth Congress {SWAYOCO}, Benedict TSABEDZE; Swaziland Communist Party {SWACOPA}, Mphandlana SHONGWE; Swaziland Liberation Front {FROLISA}; Convention for Full Democracy in Swaziland {COFUDESWA}, Sabelo DLAMINI; Swaziland National Front {SWANAFRO}; Ngwane Socialist Revolutionary Party {NGWASOREP})
(government_international_organization_participation#swaziland#ACP, AfDB, C, CCC, ECA, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, ITU, NAM, OAU, PCA, SACU, SADC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTrO)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_chief_of_mission#swaziland#Ambassador Mary Madzandza KHANYA)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_chancery#swaziland#3400 International Drive NW, Washington, DC 20008)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_telephone#swaziland#[1] {202} 362-6683, 6685)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_fax#swaziland#[1] {202} 244-8059)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_chief_of_mission#swaziland#Ambassador John T. SPROTT)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_embassy#swaziland#Central Bank Building, Warner Street, Mbabane)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_mailing_address#swaziland#P. O. Box 199, Mbabane)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_telephone#swaziland#[268] 46441 through 46445)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_fax#swaziland#[268] 45959)
(government_flag#swaziland#three horizontal bands of blue {top}, red {triple width}, and blue; the red band is edged in yellow; centered in the red band is a large black and white shield covering two spears and a staff decorated with feather tassels, all placed horizontally)
(economy_economic_overview#swaziland#This small landlocked economy is based largely on subsistence agriculture, which occupies more than 60% of the population. Manufacturing features a number of agroprocessing factories. Mining has declined in importance in recent years; high-grade iron ore deposits were depleted by 1978, and health concerns cut world demand for asbestos. Exports of sugar and forestry products are the main earners of hard currency. Surrounded by South Africa, except for a short border with Mozambique, Swaziland is heavily dependent on South Africa, from which it receives 90% of its imports and to which it sends about half of its exports. Remittances from Swazi workers in South African mines supplement domestically produced income by as much as 20%. Overgrazing, soil depletion, and drougth persist as problems for the future.)
(economy_gdp#swaziland#purchasing power parity - $3.6 billion {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_real_growth_rate#swaziland#2.6% {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_per_capita#swaziland#$3,700 {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_agriculture#swaziland#25%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_industry#swaziland#40%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_services#swaziland#35% {1995 est.})
(economy_inflation_rate_{consumer_prices}#swaziland#14.7% {1995 est.})
(economy_labor_force#swaziland#160,355 {1986 est.})
(economy_labor_force_by_occupation#swaziland#private sector about 65%, public sector 35%)
(economy_unemployment_rate#swaziland#15% {1992 est.})
(economy_budget_revenues#swaziland#$342 million)
(economy_budget_expenditures#swaziland#$410 million, including capital expenditures of $130 million {1994 est.})
(economy_industries#swaziland#mining {coal and asbestos}, wood pulp, sugar)
(economy_industrial_production_growth_rate#swaziland#4.2% {1993 est.})
(economy_electricity_capacity#swaziland#120,000 kW)
(economy_electricity_production#swaziland#410 million kWh)
(economy_electricity_consumption_per_capita#swaziland#1,003 kWh {1993})
(economy_agriculture#swaziland#sugarcane, cotton, maize, tobacco, rice, citrus, pineapples, corn, sorghum, peanuts; cattle, goats, sheep)
(economy_exports#swaziland#$798 million {f.o.b., 1994 est.})
(economy_exports_commodities#swaziland#sugar, edible concentrates, wood pulp, cotton yarn, asbestos)
(economy_exports_partners#swaziland#South Africa 50%, EU countries, Canada)
(economy_imports#swaziland#$827 million {f.o.b., 1994 est.})
(economy_imports_commodities#swaziland#motor vehicles, machinery, transport equipment, petroleum products, foodstuffs, chemicals)
(economy_imports_partners#swaziland#South Africa 90%, Switzerland, UK 2.6%)
(economy_external_debt#swaziland#$240 million {1992})
(economy_economic_aid_recipient#swaziland#ODA, $NA)
(economy_currency#swaziland#1 lilangeni {E} = 100 cents)
(economy_exchange_rates#swaziland#emalangeni {E} per US$1 - 3.6417 {January 1996}, 3.6266 {1995}, 3.5490 {1994}, 3.2636 {1993}, 2.8497 {1992}, 2.7563 {1991}, 2.5863 {1990}; note - the Swazi emalangeni is at par with the South African rand)
(economy_fiscal_year#swaziland#1 April - 31 March)
(transportation_railways_total#swaziland#297 km; note - includes 71 km which are not in use)
(transportation_railways_narrow_gauge#swaziland#297 km 1.067-m gauge {single track})
(transportation_highways_total#swaziland#2,960 km)
(transportation_highways_paved#swaziland#804 km)
(transportation_highways_unpaved#swaziland#2,156 km {1993 est.})
(transportation_ports#swaziland#none)
(transportation_airports_total#swaziland#17)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_2,438_to_3,047_m#swaziland#1)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_under_914_m#swaziland#10)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_914_to_1,523_m#swaziland#6 {1995 est.})
(communications_telephones#swaziland#30,364 {1993 est.})
(communications_telephone_system_domestic#swaziland#system consists of carrier-equipped, open-wire lines and low-capacity, microwave radio relay)
(communications_telephone_system_international#swaziland#satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat {Atlantic Ocean})
(communications_radio_broadcast_stations#swaziland#AM 7, FM 6, shortwave 0)
(communications_radios#swaziland#129,000 {1992 est.})
(communications_television_broadcast_stations#swaziland#10)
(communications_televisions#swaziland#12,500 {1992 est.})
(defense_branches#swaziland#Umbutfo Swaziland Defense Force {Army}, Royal Swaziland Police Force)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_age_15-49#swaziland#220,097)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_fit_for_military_service#swaziland#127,285 {1996 est.})
(defense_defense_expenditures#swaziland#exchange rate conversion - $22 million, NA% of GDP {FY93/94})
(geography_location#sweden#Northern Europe, bordering the Baltic Sea, Gulf of Bothnia, and Skagerrak, between Finland and Norway)
(geography_geographic_coordinates#sweden#62 00 N, 15 00 E)
(geography_map_references#sweden#Europe)
(geography_area_total_area#sweden#449,964 sq km)
(geography_area_land_area#sweden#410,928 sq km)
(geography_area_comparative_area#sweden#slightly smaller than California)
(geography_land_boundaries_total#sweden#2,205 km)
(geography_land_boundaries_border_countries#sweden#Finland 586 km, Norway 1,619 km)
(geography_coastline#sweden#3,218 km)
(geography_maritime_claims_continental_shelf#sweden#200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation)
(geography_maritime_claims_exclusive_economic_zone#sweden#agreed boundaries or midlines)
(geography_maritime_claims_territorial_sea#sweden#12 nm)
(geography_international_disputes#sweden#none)
(geography_climate#sweden#temperate in south with cold, cloudy winters and cool, partly cloudy summers; subarctic in north)
(geography_terrain#sweden#mostly flat or gently rolling lowlands; mountains in west)
(geography_terrain_lowest_point#sweden#Baltic Sea 0 m)
(geography_terrain_highest_point#sweden#Kebnekaise 2,111 m)
(geography_natural_resources#sweden#zinc, iron ore, lead, copper, silver, timber, uranium, hydropower potential)
(geography_land_use_arable_land#sweden#7%)
(geography_land_use_permanent_crops#sweden#0%)
(geography_land_use_meadows_and_pastures#sweden#2%)
(geography_land_use_forest_and_woodland#sweden#64%)
(geography_land_use_other#sweden#27%)
(geography_irrigated_land#sweden#1,120 sq km {1989 est.})
(geography_environment_current_issues#sweden#acid rain damaging soils and lakes; pollution of the North Sea and the Baltic Sea)
(geography_environment_natural_hazards#sweden#ice floes in the surrounding waters, especially in the Gulf of Bothnia, can interfere with maritime traffic)
(geography_environment_international_agreements#sweden#party to - Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Sulphur 85, Air Pollution-Sulphur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Marine Dumping, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Wetlands; signed, but not ratified - Law of the Sea)
(geography_geographic_note#sweden#strategic location along Danish Straits linking Baltic and North Seas)
(people_population#sweden#8,900,954 {July 1996 est.})
(people_age_structure_0-14_years#sweden#19% {male 860,940; female 815,967})
(people_age_structure_15-64_years#sweden#64% {male 2,884,687; female 2,794,593})
(people_age_structure_65_years_and_over#sweden#17% {male 654,439; female 890,328} {July 1996 est.})
(people_population_growth_rate#sweden#0.56% {1996 est.})
(people_birth_rate#sweden#11.55 births/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_death_rate#sweden#11.43 deaths/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_net_migration_rate#sweden#5.48 migrant{s}/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_sex_ratio_at_birth#sweden#1.05 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_under_15_years#sweden#1.06 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_15-64_years#sweden#1.03 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_65_years_and_over#sweden#0.74 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_all_ages#sweden#0.98 male{s}/female {1996 est.})
(people_infant_mortality_rate#sweden#4.5 deaths/1,000 live births {1996 est.})
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_total_population#sweden#78.06 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_male#sweden#75.62 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_female#sweden#80.63 years {1996 est.})
(people_total_fertility_rate#sweden#1.72 children born/woman {1996 est.})
(people_nationality_noun#sweden#Swede{s})
(people_nationality_adjective#sweden#Swedish)
(people_ethnic_divisions#sweden#white, Lapp {Sami}, foreign-born or first-generation immigrants 12% {Finns, Yugoslavs, Danes, Norwegians, Greeks, Turks})
(people_religions#sweden#Evangelical Lutheran 94%, Roman Catholic 1.5%, Pentecostal 1%, other 3.5% {1987})
(people_languages#sweden#Swedish)
(people_languages_note#sweden#small Lapp- and Finnish-speaking minorities)
(people_literacy#sweden#age 15 and over can read and write {1979 est.})
(people_literacy_total_population#sweden#99%)
(people_literacy_male#sweden#NA%)
(people_literacy_female#sweden#NA%)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_long_form#sweden#Kingdom of Sweden)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_short_form#sweden#Sweden)
(government_name_of_country_local_long_form#sweden#Konungariket Sverige)
(government_name_of_country_local_short_form#sweden#Sverige)
(government_data_code#sweden#SW)
(government_type_of_government#sweden#constitutional monarchy)
(government_capital#sweden#Stockholm)
(government_administrative_divisions#sweden#24 provinces {lan, singular and plural}; Alvsborgs Lan, Blekinge Lan, Gavleborgs Lan, Goteborgs och Bohus Lan, Gotlands Lan, Hallands Lan, Jamtlands Lan, Jonkopings Lan, Kalmar Lan, Kopparbergs Lan, Kristianstads Lan, Kronobergs Lan, Malmohus Lan, Norrbottens Lan, Orebro Lan, Ostergotlands Lan, Skaraborgs Lan, Sodermanlands Lan, Stockholms Lan, Uppsala Lan, Varmlands Lan, Vasterbottens Lan, Vasternorrlands Lan, Vastmanlands Lan)
(government_independence#sweden#6 June 1523, Gustav VASA was elected king; 6 June 1809, a constitutional monarchy was established)
(government_national_holiday#sweden#Day of the Swedish Flag, 6 June)
(government_constitution#sweden#1 January 1975)
(government_legal_system#sweden#civil law system influenced by customary law; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations)
(government_suffrage#sweden#18 years of age; universal)
(government_executive_branch_chief_of_state#sweden#King CARL XVI GUSTAF {since 19 September 1973} is a constitutional monarch; Heir Apparent Princess VICTORIA Ingrid Alice Desiree, daughter of the King {born 14 July 1977})
(government_executive_branch_head_of_government#sweden#Prime Minister Goran PERSSON {since 21 March 1996} was elected by the Riksdag)
(government_executive_branch_cabinet#sweden#Cabinet was appointed by the prime minister)
(government_legislative_branch#sweden#unicameral)
(government_parliament_{riksdag}#sweden#elections last held 18 September 1994 {next to be held NA September 1998}; results - Social Democrats 45.4%, Moderate Party {Conservatives} 22.3%, Center Party 7.7%, Liberals 7.2%, Left Party 6.2%, Greens 5.8%, Christian Democrats 4.1%, New Democracy Party 1.2%; seats - {349 total} Social Democrats 162, Moderate Party {Conservatives} 80, Center Party 27, Liberals 26, Left Party 22, Greens 18, Christian Democrats 14; note - the New Democracy Party did not receive a seat because parties require a minimum of 4.0% of votes for a seat in parliament)
(government_judicial_branch#sweden#Supreme Court {Hogsta Domstolen}, judges are appointed by the government {prime minister and cabinet})
(government_political_parties_and_leaders#sweden#Social Democratic Party, Goran PERSSON; Moderate Party {conservative}, Carl BILDT; Liberal People's Party, Maria LEISSNER; Center Party, Olof JOHANSSON; Christian Democratic Party, Alf SVENSSON; New Democracy Party, Vivianne FRANZEN; Left Party {VP; Communist}, Gudrun SCHYMAN; Communist Workers' Party, Rolf HAGEL; Green Party, no formal leader but party spokesperson is Briger SCHLAUG)
(government_international_organization_participation#sweden#AfDB, AG {observer}, AsDB, Australia Group, BIS, CBSS, CCC, CE, CERN, EBRD, ECE, EIB, ESA, EU, FAO, G- 6, G- 8, G- 9, G-10, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Inmarsat, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, MTCR, NACC, NAM {guest}, NC, NEA, NIB, NSG, OECD, OSCE, PCA, PFP, UN, UNAVEM III, UNCRO, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIKOM, UNITAR, UNMOGIP, UNOMIG, UNPREDEP, UNPROFOR, UNTSO, UPU, WEU {observer}, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTrO, ZC)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_chief_of_mission#sweden#Ambassador Carl Henrik Sihver LILJEGREN)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_chancery#sweden#1501 M Street NW, Washington, DC 20005)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_telephone#sweden#[1] {202} 467-2600)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_fax#sweden#[1] {202} 467-2699)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_consulate{s}_general#sweden#Los Angeles and New York)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_chief_of_mission#sweden#Ambassador Thomas L. SIEBERT)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_embassy#sweden#Strandvagen 101, S-115 89 Stockholm)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_mailing_address#sweden#use embassy street address)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_telephone#sweden#[46] {8} 783 53 00)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_fax#sweden#[46] {8} 661 19 64)
(government_flag#sweden#blue with a yellow cross that extends to the edges of the flag; the vertical part of the cross is shifted to the hoist side in the style of the Dannebrog {Danish flag})
(economy_economic_overview#sweden#Aided by peace and neutrality during World War I through World War II, Sweden has achieved an enviable standard of living under a mixed system of high-tech capitalism and extensive welfare benefits. It has a modern distribution system, excellent internal and external communications, and a skilled labor force. Timber, hydropower, and iron ore constitute the resource base of an economy heavily oriented toward foreign trade. Privately-owned firms account for about 90% of industrial output, of which the engineering sector accounts for 50% of output and exports. In 1993, agriculture accounted for only 2% of GDP and 2% of the jobs. In recent years, however, this extraordinarily favorable picture has been clouded by budgetary difficulties, inflation, growing unemployment, and a gradual loss of competitiveness in international markets. In November 1992, Sweden broke its tie to the EC's ECU {European Currency Unit}, and depreciation of the krona has boosted export competitiveness and helped lift Sweden out of its 1991-93 recession. To curb the budget deficit and bolster confidence in the economy, the government adopted an adjustment program in November 1994 that aims to eliminate the government budget deficit and to stabilize the debt to GDP ratio. Sweden has harmonized its economic policies with those of the EU, which it joined at the start of 1995.)
(economy_gdp#sweden#purchasing power parity - $177.3 billion {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_real_growth_rate#sweden#3.5% {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_per_capita#sweden#$20,100 {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_agriculture#sweden#2%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_industry#sweden#27%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_services#sweden#71% {1993})
(economy_inflation_rate_{consumer_prices}#sweden#2.6% {1995})
(economy_labor_force#sweden#4.552 million {84% unionized, 1992})
(economy_labor_force_by_occupation#sweden#community, social and personal services 38.3%, mining and manufacturing 21.2%, commerce, hotels, and restaurants 14.1%, banking, insurance 9.0%, communications 7.2%, construction 7.0%, agriculture, fishing, and forestry 3.2% {1991})
(economy_unemployment_rate#sweden#7.8% {December 1995} plus about 6% in training programs)
(economy_budget_revenues#sweden#$109.4 billion)
(economy_budget_expenditures#sweden#$146.1 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA {FY95/96})
(economy_industries#sweden#iron and steel, precision equipment {bearings, radio and telephone parts, armaments}, wood pulp and paper products, processed foods, motor vehicles)
(economy_industrial_production_growth_rate#sweden#11.7% {1994})
(economy_electricity_capacity#sweden#34,560,000 kW)
(economy_electricity_production#sweden#141 billion kWh)
(economy_electricity_consumption_per_capita#sweden#14,891 kWh {1993})
(economy_agriculture#sweden#grains, sugar beets, potatoes; meat, milk)
(economy_illicit_drugs#sweden#transshipment point for narcotics shipped via the former Soviet Republics and Baltic states for the European market)
(economy_exports#sweden#$61.2 billion {f.o.b., 1994})
(economy_exports_commodities#sweden#machinery, motor vehicles, paper products, pulp and wood, iron and steel products, chemicals, petroleum and petroleum products)
(economy_exports_partners#sweden#EU 59.1% {Germany 13.2%, UK 10.2%, Denmark 6.9%, France 5.1%}, Norway 8.1%, Finland 4.8%, US 8.0% {1994})
(economy_imports#sweden#$51.8 billion {c.i.f., 1994})
(economy_imports_commodities#sweden#machinery, petroleum and petroleum products, chemicals, motor vehicles, foodstuffs, iron and steel, clothing)
(economy_imports_partners#sweden#EU 62.6% {Germany 18.4%, UK 9.5%, Denmark 6.6%, France 5.5%}, Finland 6.3%, Norway 6.1%, US 8.5% {1994})
(economy_external_debt#sweden#$66.5 billion {1994})
(economy_economic_aid_donor#sweden#ODA, $1.769 billion {1993})
(economy_currency#sweden#1 Swedish krona {SKr} = 100 oere)
(economy_exchange_rates#sweden#Swedish kronor {SKr} per US$1 - 6.7240 {January 1996}, 7.1333 {1995}, 7.7160 {1994}, 7.7834 {1993}, 5.8238 {1992}, 6.0475 {1991})
(economy_fiscal_year#sweden#1 January - 31 December {Sweden changed its fiscal year from 1 July - 30 June in 1995})
(transportation_railways_total#sweden#12,624 km {includes 953 km of privately-owned railways})
(transportation_railways_standard_gauge#sweden#11,767 km 1.435-m gauge {7,320 km electrified and 1,152 km double track})
(transportation_railways_other#sweden#857 km NA-m gauge {1995})
(transportation_highways_total#sweden#135,859 km)
(transportation_highways_paved#sweden#97,818 km {including 936 km of expressways})
(transportation_highways_unpaved#sweden#38,041 km {1991 est.})
(transportation_waterways#sweden#2,052 km navigable for small steamers and barges)
(transportation_pipelines#sweden#natural gas 84 km)
(transportation_ports#sweden#Gavle, Goteborg, Halmstad, Helsingborg, Hudiksvall, Kalmar, Karlshamn, Malmo, Solvesborg, Stockholm, Sundsvall)
(transportation_merchant_marine_total#sweden#169 ships {1,000 GRT or over} totaling 1,993,422 GRT/2,183,215 DWT)
(transportation_merchant_marine_ships_by_type#sweden#bulk 10, cargo 35, chemical tanker 24, combination ore/oil 1, liquefied gas tanker 1, oil tanker 32, railcar carrier 2, refrigerated cargo 1, roll-on/roll-off cargo 38, short-sea passenger 7, specialized tanker 4, vehicle carrier 14 {1995 est.})
(transportation_airports_total#sweden#251)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_over_3,047_m#sweden#2)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_2,438_to_3,047_m#sweden#7)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_1,524_to_2,437_m#sweden#85)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_914_to_1,523_m#sweden#26)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_under_914_m#sweden#127)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_914_to_1,523_m#sweden#4 {1995 est.})
(transportation_heliports#sweden#1 {1995 est.})
(communications_telephones#sweden#7.41 million {1986 est.})
(communications_telephone_system#sweden#excellent domestic and international facilities; automatic system)
(communications_telephone_system_domestic#sweden#coaxial and multiconductor cable carry most voice traffic; parallel microwave radio relay network carries some additional telephone channels)
(communications_telephone_system_international#sweden#5 submarine coaxial cables; satellite earth stations - 1 Intelsat {Atlantic Ocean}, 1 Eutelsat, and 1 Inmarsat {Atlantic and Indian Ocean regions}; note - Sweden shares the Inmarsat earth station with the other Nordic countries {Denmark, Finland, Iceland, and Norway})
(communications_radio_broadcast_stations#sweden#AM 5, FM 360 {mostly repeaters}, shortwave 0)
(communications_radios#sweden#7.272 million {1993 est.})
(communications_television_broadcast_stations#sweden#880 {mostly repeaters})
(communications_televisions#sweden#3.5 million)
(defense_branches#sweden#Swedish Army, Royal Swedish Navy, Swedish Air Force)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_age_15-49#sweden#2,133,816)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_fit_for_military_service#sweden#1,867,031)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_reach_military_age_{19}_annually#sweden#51,357 {1996 est.})
(defense_defense_expenditures#sweden#exchange rate conversion - $5.8 billion, 2.5% of GDP {FY94/95})
(geography_location#switzerland#Central Europe, east of France)
(geography_geographic_coordinates#switzerland#47 00 N, 8 00 E)
(geography_map_references#switzerland#Europe)
(geography_area_total_area#switzerland#41,290 sq km)
(geography_area_land_area#switzerland#39,770 sq km)
(geography_area_comparative_area#switzerland#slightly more than twice the size of New Jersey)
(geography_land_boundaries_total#switzerland#1,852 km)
(geography_land_boundaries_border_countries#switzerland#Austria 164 km, France 573 km, Italy 740 km, Liechtenstein 41 km, Germany 334 km)
(geography_coastline#switzerland#0 km {landlocked})
(geography_maritime_claims#switzerland#none {landlocked})
(geography_international_disputes#switzerland#none)
(geography_climate#switzerland#temperate, but varies with altitude; cold, cloudy, rainy/snowy winters; cool to warm, cloudy, humid summers with occasional showers)
(geography_terrain#switzerland#mostly mountains {Alps in south, Jura in northwest} with a central plateau of rolling hills, plains, and large lakes)
(geography_terrain_lowest_point#switzerland#Lake Maggiore 195 m)
(geography_terrain_highest_point#switzerland#Dufourspitze 4,634 m)
(geography_natural_resources#switzerland#hydropower potential, timber, salt)
(geography_land_use_arable_land#switzerland#10%)
(geography_land_use_permanent_crops#switzerland#1%)
(geography_land_use_meadows_and_pastures#switzerland#40%)
(geography_land_use_forest_and_woodland#switzerland#26%)
(geography_land_use_other#switzerland#23%)
(geography_irrigated_land#switzerland#250 sq km {1989})
(geography_environment_current_issues#switzerland#air pollution from vehicle emissions and open-air burning; acid rain; water pollution from increased use of agricultural fertilizers; loss of biodiversity)
(geography_environment_natural_hazards#switzerland#avalanches, landslides, flash floods)
(geography_environment_international_agreements#switzerland#party to - Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Sulphur 85, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Wetlands, Whaling; signed, but not ratified - Air Pollution-Sulphur 94, Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Desertification, Law of the Sea, Tropical Timber 94)
(geography_geographic_note#switzerland#landlocked; crossroads of northern and southern Europe; along with southeastern France and northern Italy, contains the highest elevations in Europe)
(people_population#switzerland#7,207,060 {July 1996 est.})
(people_age_structure_0-14_years#switzerland#17% {male 638,728; female 610,546})
(people_age_structure_15-64_years#switzerland#68% {male 2,495,325; female 2,405,226})
(people_age_structure_65_years_and_over#switzerland#15% {male 424,394; female 632,841} {July 1996 est.})
(people_population_growth_rate#switzerland#0.59% {1996 est.})
(people_birth_rate#switzerland#11.35 births/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_death_rate#switzerland#9.64 deaths/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_net_migration_rate#switzerland#4.2 migrant{s}/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_sex_ratio_at_birth#switzerland#1.05 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_under_15_years#switzerland#1.05 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_15-64_years#switzerland#1.04 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_65_years_and_over#switzerland#0.67 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_all_ages#switzerland#0.98 male{s}/female {1996 est.})
(people_infant_mortality_rate#switzerland#5.4 deaths/1,000 live births {1996 est.})
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_total_population#switzerland#77.62 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_male#switzerland#74.58 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_female#switzerland#80.82 years {1996 est.})
(people_total_fertility_rate#switzerland#1.47 children born/woman {1996 est.})
(people_nationality_noun#switzerland#Swiss {singular and plural})
(people_nationality_adjective#switzerland#Swiss)
(people_ethnic_divisions_total_population#switzerland#German 65%, French 18%, Italian 10%, Romansch 1%, other 6%)
(people_swiss_nationals#switzerland#German 74%, French 20%, Italian 4%, Romansch 1%, other 1%)
(people_religions#switzerland#Roman Catholic 47.6%, Protestant 44.3%, other 8.1% {1980})
(people_languages#switzerland#German 65%, French 18%, Italian 12%, Romansch 1%, other 4%)
(people_languages_note#switzerland#figures for Swiss nationals only: German 74%, French 20%, Italian 4%, Romansch 1%, other 1%)
(people_literacy#switzerland#age 15 and over can read and write {1980 est.})
(people_literacy_total_population#switzerland#99%)
(people_literacy_male#switzerland#NA%)
(people_literacy_female#switzerland#NA%)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_long_form#switzerland#Swiss Confederation)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_short_form#switzerland#Switzerland)
(government_name_of_country_local_long_form#switzerland#Schweizerische Eidgenossenschaft {German}, Confederation Suisse {French}, Confederazione Svizzera {Italian})
(government_name_of_country_local_short_form#switzerland#Schweiz {German}, Suisse {French}, Svizzera {Italian})
(government_data_code#switzerland#SZ)
(government_type_of_government#switzerland#federal republic)
(government_capital#switzerland#Bern)
(government_administrative_divisions#switzerland#26 cantons {cantons, singular - canton in French; cantoni, singular - cantone in Italian; kantone, singular - kanton in German}; Aargau, Ausser-Rhoden, Basel-Landschaft, Basel-Stadt, Bern, Fribourg, Geneve, Glarus, Graubunden, Inner-Rhoden, Jura, Luzern, Neuchatel, Nidwalden, Obwalden, Sankt Gallen, Schaffhausen, Schwyz, Solothurn, Thurgau, Ticino, Uri, Valais, Vaud, Zug, Zurich)
(government_independence#switzerland#1 August 1291)
(government_national_holiday#switzerland#Anniversary of the Founding of the Swiss Confederation, 1 August {1291})
(government_constitution#switzerland#29 May 1874)
(government_legal_system#switzerland#civil law system influenced by customary law; judicial review of legislative acts, except with respect to federal decrees of general obligatory character; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations)
(government_suffrage#switzerland#18 years of age; universal)
(government_executive_branch_chief_of_state_and_head_of_government#switzerland#President Jean-Pascal DELAMURAZ {1996 calendar year; presidency rotates annually}; Vice President Arnold KOLLER {term runs concurrently with that of president}; the president is appointed each year from the Federal Council by the Federal Assembly)
(government_executive_branch_cabinet#switzerland#Federal Council {German - Bundesrat, French - Censeil Federal, Italian - Consiglio Federale} was elected for a four-year term by the Federal Assembly from among its own members)
(government_legislative_branch#switzerland#bicameral Federal Assembly {German - Bundesversammlung, French - Assemblee Federale, Italian - Assemblea Federale})
(government_council_of_states#switzerland#{German - Standerat, French - Conseil des Etats, Italian - Consiglio degli Stati}; elections last held throughout 1995 {next to be held NA 1999}; results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - {46 total} PRD 17, PDC 17, UDC 4, PSS 3, LPS 3, LdU 1, Ticino League 1)
(government_national_council#switzerland#{German - Nationalrat, French - Conseil National, Italian - Consiglio Nazionale}; elections last held 20 October 1995 {next to be held NA October 1999}; results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - {200 total} PRD 45, PSS 54, PDC 34, UDC 30, GPS 8, LPS 7, FPS 6, LdU 6, SD 3, EVP 3, PdA 2, Ticino League 2)
(government_judicial_branch#switzerland#Federal Supreme Court, judges elected for six-year terms by the Federal Assembly)
(government_political_parties_and_leaders#switzerland#Radical Free Democratic Party {PRD}, Franz STEINEGGER, president; Social Democratic Party {PSS}, Peter BODENMANN, president; Christian Democratic People's Party {PDC}, Anton COTTIER, president; Swiss People's Party {UDC}, Hans UHLMANN, president; Green Party {GPS}, Verena DIENER, president; Freedom Party {FPS}, Roland BORER; Liberal Party {LPS}, Christoph EYMANN, president; Alliance of Independents' Party {LdU}, Monica WEBER, president; Ticino League, Giuliano BIGNASCA, president; and other minor parties including Swiss Democratic Party {SD}, Workers' Party {PdA}, and the Evangelical People's Party {EVP}; note - see elections)
(government_international_organization_participation#switzerland#AfDB, AG {observer}, AsDB, Australia Group, BIS, CCC, CE, CERN, EBRD, ECE, EFTA, ESA, FAO, G- 8, G-10, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Inmarsat, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, MTCR, NAM {guest}, NEA, NSG, OAS {observer}, OECD, OSCE, PCA, UN {observer}, UNAMIR, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNITAR, UNMOT, UNOMIG, UNPREDEP, UNPROFOR, UNTSO, UNU, UPU, WCL, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO, ZC)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_chief_of_mission#switzerland#Ambassador Carlo JAGMETTI)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_chancery#switzerland#2900 Cathedral Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_telephone#switzerland#[1] {202} 745-7900)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_fax#switzerland#[1] {202} 387-2564)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_consulate{s}_general#switzerland#Atlanta, Chicago, Houston, Los Angeles, New York, Pago Pago {American Samoa}, and San Francisco)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_chief_of_mission#switzerland#Ambassador {vacant})
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_embassy#switzerland#Jubilaeumstrasse 93, 3005 Bern)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_mailing_address#switzerland#use embassy street address)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_telephone#switzerland#[41] {31} 357 70 11)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_fax#switzerland#[41] {31} 357 73 44)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_consulate{s}_general#switzerland#Zurich)
(government_flag#switzerland#red square with a bold, equilateral white cross in the center that does not extend to the edges of the flag)
(economy_economic_overview#switzerland#Switzerland, a fundamentally prosperous and stable modern economy with a per capita GDP roughly 10% above that of the big West European economies, is experiencing short-term difficulties. After recovering slowly in 1994-95 from recession, the Swiss economy remains weak, mainly because of the strong Swiss franc and weak growth in Swiss export market, especially in other European countries. Over the near term, growth may average barely 1%, with more than one-half of this increase resulting from growth in inventories. Weak domestic consumer demand is the principal culprit; stagnation in real disposable income is combining with a reluctance to reduce saving rates in the face of an uncertain employment outlook. Switzerland's leading sectors, including financial services, biotechnology, pharmaceuticals, and special-purpose machines, will therefore be more reliant on export markets at the same time they are being squeezed by the strong franc. Consequently, growth in machinery and equipment investment, for example, is expected to taper off. On the other side, import growth has been fueled by the strong franc; there are growing indications that Swiss manufacturers are substituting imported inputs for domestic ones.)
(economy_gdp#switzerland#purchasing power parity - $158.5 billion {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_real_growth_rate#switzerland#1.2% {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_per_capita#switzerland#$22,400 {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_agriculture#switzerland#3%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_industry#switzerland#33.5%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_services#switzerland#63.5% {1991})
(economy_inflation_rate_{consumer_prices}#switzerland#1.8% {1995 est.})
(economy_labor_force#switzerland#3.48 million {900,000 foreign workers, mostly Italian})
(economy_labor_force_by_occupation#switzerland#services 50%, industry and crafts 34%, government 10%, agriculture and forestry 6% {1992})
(economy_unemployment_rate#switzerland#3.3% {1995})
(economy_budget_revenues#switzerland#$31 billion)
(economy_budget_expenditures#switzerland#$36.9 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA {1995})
(economy_industries#switzerland#machinery, chemicals, watches, textiles, precision instruments)
(economy_industrial_production_growth_rate#switzerland#NA%)
(economy_electricity_capacity#switzerland#15,430,000 kW)
(economy_electricity_production#switzerland#58 billion kWh)
(economy_electricity_consumption_per_capita#switzerland#6,699 kWh {1993})
(economy_agriculture#switzerland#grains, fruits, vegetables; meat, eggs)
(economy_illicit_drugs#switzerland#money-laundering center; transit country for South American cocaine and Southwest Asian heroin)
(economy_exports#switzerland#$69.6 billion {f.o.b., 1994 est.})
(economy_exports_commodities#switzerland#machinery and equipment, precision instruments, metal products, foodstuffs, textiles and clothing)
(economy_exports_partners#switzerland#Western Europe 63.1% {EU countries 56%, other 7.1%}, US 8.8%, Japan 3.4%)
(economy_imports#switzerland#$68.2 billion {c.i.f., 1994 est.})
(economy_imports_commodities#switzerland#agricultural products, machinery and transportation equipment, chemicals, textiles, construction materials)
(economy_imports_partners#switzerland#Western Europe 79.2% {EU countries 72.3%, other 6.9%}, US 6.4%)
(economy_external_debt#switzerland#$NA)
(economy_economic_aid_donor#switzerland#ODA, $793 million {1993})
(economy_currency#switzerland#1 Swiss franc, franken, or franco {SwF} = 100 centimes, rappen, or centesimi)
(economy_exchange_rates#switzerland#Swiss francs, franken, or franchi {SwF} per US$1 - 1.1810 {January 1996}, 1.1825 {1995}, 1.3677 {1994}, 1.4776 {1993}, 1.4062 {1992}, 1.4340 {1991})
(economy_fiscal_year#switzerland#calendar year)
(transportation_railways_total#switzerland#5,719 km {1,432 km double track})
(transportation_railways_standard_gauge#switzerland#3,283 km 1.435-m gauge {99% electrified; 310 km nongovernment owned})
(transportation_railways_narrow_gauge#switzerland#1,255 km 1.000-m gauge {99% electrified; 1,181 km nongovernment owned})
(transportation_railways_other#switzerland#1,181 km NA-m gauge {1995})
(transportation_highways_total#switzerland#71,118 km)
(transportation_highways_paved#switzerland#71,118 km {including 1,514 km of expressways})
(transportation_highways_unpaved#switzerland#0 km {1992 est.})
(transportation_waterways#switzerland#65 km; Rhine {Basel to Rheinfelden, Schaffhausen to Bodensee}; 12 navigable lakes)
(transportation_pipelines#switzerland#crude oil 314 km; natural gas 1,506 km)
(transportation_ports#switzerland#Basel)
(transportation_merchant_marine_total#switzerland#23 ships {1,000 GRT or over} totaling 410,581 GRT/727,744 DWT)
(transportation_merchant_marine_ships_by_type#switzerland#bulk 14, cargo 1, chemical tanker 4, oil tanker 2, roll-on/roll-off cargo 1, specialized tanker 1 {1995 est.})
(transportation_airports_total#switzerland#67)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_over_3,047_m#switzerland#4)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_2,438_to_3,047_m#switzerland#4)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_1,524_to_2,437_m#switzerland#13)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_914_to_1,523_m#switzerland#5)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_under_914_m#switzerland#40)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_914_to_1,523_m#switzerland#1 {1995 est.})
(communications_telephones#switzerland#5,622,976 {1986 est.})
(communications_telephone_system#switzerland#excellent domestic and international services)
(communications_telephone_system_domestic#switzerland#extensive cable and microwave radio relay networks)
(communications_telephone_system_international#switzerland#satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat {Atlantic Ocean and Indian Ocean})
(communications_radio_broadcast_stations#switzerland#AM 7, FM 265, shortwave 0)
(communications_radios#switzerland#NA)
(communications_television_broadcast_stations#switzerland#18 {repeaters 1,322})
(communications_televisions#switzerland#2.513 million {1994 est.})
(defense_branches#switzerland#Army, Air Force and Antiaircraft Command, Frontier Guards, Fortification Guards)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_age_15-49#switzerland#1,893,587)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_fit_for_military_service#switzerland#1,623,414)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_reach_military_age_{20}_annually#switzerland#41,425 {1996 est.})
(defense_defense_expenditures#switzerland#exchange rate conversion - $3.74 billion, 1.4% of GDP {1995})
(geography_location#syria#Middle East, bordering the Mediterranean Sea, between Lebanon and Turkey)
(geography_geographic_coordinates#syria#35 00 N, 38 00 E)
(geography_map_references#syria#Middle East)
(geography_area_total_area#syria#185,180 sq km)
(geography_area_land_area#syria#184,050 sq km)
(geography_area_comparative_area#syria#slightly larger than North Dakota)
(geography_area_note#syria#includes 1,295 sq km of Israeli-occupied territory)
(geography_land_boundaries_total#syria#2,253 km)
(geography_land_boundaries_border_countries#syria#Iraq 605 km, Israel 76 km, Jordan 375 km, Lebanon 375 km, Turkey 822 km)
(geography_coastline#syria#193 km)
(geography_maritime_claims_contiguous_zone#syria#41 nm)
(geography_maritime_claims_territorial_sea#syria#35 nm)
(geography_international_disputes#syria#Golan Heights is Israeli occupied; Hatay question with Turkey; dispute over Turkey's water development plans for the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers; Syrian troops in northern, central, and eastern Lebanon since October 1976)
(geography_climate#syria#mostly desert; hot, dry, sunny summers {June to August} and mild, rainy winters {December to February} along coast; cold weather with snow or sleet periodically hitting Damascus)
(geography_terrain#syria#primarily semiarid and desert plateau; narrow coastal plain; mountains in west)
(geography_terrain_lowest_point#syria#unnamed location near Lake Tiberias -200 m)
(geography_terrain_highest_point#syria#Mount Hermon 2,814 m)
(geography_natural_resources#syria#petroleum, phosphates, chrome and manganese ores, asphalt, iron ore, rock salt, marble, gypsum)
(geography_land_use_arable_land#syria#28%)
(geography_land_use_permanent_crops#syria#3%)
(geography_land_use_meadows_and_pastures#syria#46%)
(geography_land_use_forest_and_woodland#syria#3%)
(geography_land_use_other#syria#20%)
(geography_irrigated_land#syria#10,000 sq km {1992})
(geography_environment_current_issues#syria#deforestation; overgrazing; soil erosion; desertification; water pollution from dumping of raw sewage and wastes from petroleum refining; inadequate supplies of potable water)
(geography_environment_natural_hazards#syria#dust storms, sandstorms)
(geography_environment_international_agreements#syria#party to - Hazardous Wastes, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution; signed, but not ratified - Biodiversity, Desertification, Environmental Modification)
(geography_geographic_note#syria#there are 42 Israeli settlements and civilian land use sites in the Israeli-occupied Golan Heights {August 1995 est.})
(people_population#syria#15,608,648 {July 1996 est.})
(people_population_note#syria#in addition, there are 31,300 people living in the Israeli-occupied Golan Heights - 16,500 Arabs {15,000 Druze and 1,500 Alawites} and 14,800 Israeli settlers {August 1995 est.})
(people_age_structure_0-14_years#syria#47% {male 3,738,671; female 3,557,474})
(people_age_structure_15-64_years#syria#50% {male 4,013,355; female 3,843,466})
(people_age_structure_65_years_and_over#syria#3% {male 227,249; female 228,433} {July 1996 est.})
(people_population_growth_rate#syria#3.37% {1996 est.})
(people_birth_rate#syria#39.56 births/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_death_rate#syria#5.86 deaths/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_net_migration_rate#syria#0 migrant{s}/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_sex_ratio_at_birth#syria#1.05 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_under_15_years#syria#1.05 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_15-64_years#syria#1.04 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_65_years_and_over#syria#1 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_all_ages#syria#1.05 male{s}/female {1996 est.})
(people_infant_mortality_rate#syria#40 deaths/1,000 live births {1996 est.})
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_total_population#syria#67.13 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_male#syria#65.94 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_female#syria#68.38 years {1996 est.})
(people_total_fertility_rate#syria#5.91 children born/woman {1996 est.})
(people_nationality_noun#syria#Syrian{s})
(people_nationality_adjective#syria#Syrian)
(people_ethnic_divisions#syria#Arab 90.3%, Kurds, Armenians, and other 9.7%)
(people_religions#syria#Sunni Muslim 74%, Alawite, Druze, and other Muslim sects 16%, Christian {various sects} 10%, Jewish {tiny communities in Damascus, Al Qamishli, and Aleppo})
(people_languages#syria#Arabic {official}, Kurdish, Armenian, Aramaic, Circassian, French widely understood)
(people_literacy#syria#age 15 and over can read and write {1995 est.})
(people_literacy_total_population#syria#70.8%)
(people_literacy_male#syria#85.7%)
(people_literacy_female#syria#55.8%)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_long_form#syria#Syrian Arab Republic)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_short_form#syria#Syria)
(government_name_of_country_local_long_form#syria#Al Jumhuriyah al Arabiyah as Suriyah)
(government_name_of_country_local_short_form#syria#Suriyah)
(government_name_of_country_former#syria#United Arab Republic {with Egypt})
(government_data_code#syria#SY)
(government_type_of_government#syria#republic under military regime since March 1963)
(government_capital#syria#Damascus)
(government_administrative_divisions#syria#14 provinces {muhafazat, singular - muhafazah}; Al Hasakah, Al Ladhiqiyah, Al Qunaytirah, Ar Raqqah, As Suwayda', Dar'a, Dayr az Zawr, Dimashq, Halab, Hamah, Hims, Idlib, Rif Dimashq, Tartus)
(government_independence#syria#17 April 1946 {from League of Nations mandate under French administration})
(government_national_holiday#syria#National Day, 17 April {1946})
(government_constitution#syria#13 March 1973)
(government_legal_system#syria#based on Islamic law and civil law system; special religious courts; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction)
(government_suffrage#syria#18 years of age; universal)
(government_executive_branch_chief_of_state#syria#President Hafiz al-ASAD {since 22 February 1971; see note} was reelected for a seven-year term by universal suffrage; election last held 2 December 1991 {next to be held NA December 1998}; results - President Hafiz al-ASAD was reelected for a fourth seven-year term with 99.98% of the vote; note - President ASAD seized power in the November 1970 coup, assumed presidential powers 22 February 1971, and was confirmed as president in the 12 March 1971 national elections; Vice Presidents 'Abd al-Halim ibn Said KHADDAM {since NA}, Rifaat al-ASAD {since NA}, and Muhammad Zuhayr MASHARIQA {since 11 March 1984} were appointed by the president)
(government_executive_branch_head_of_government#syria#Prime Minister Mahmud ZUBI {since 1 November 1987}, Deputy Prime Ministers Lt. Gen. Mustafa TALAS {since 11 March 1984}, Salim YASIN {since NA December 1981}, and Rashid AKHTARINI {since 4 July 1992} were appointed by the president)
(government_executive_branch_cabinet#syria#Council of Ministers was appointed by the president)
(government_legislative_branch#syria#unicameral)
(government_people's_council_{majlis_al-chaab}#syria#elections last held 24-25 August 1994 {next to be held NA 1998}; results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - {250 total} National Progressive Front 167, independents 83)
(government_judicial_branch#syria#Supreme Constitutional Court, justices are appointed for four-year terms by the president; High Judicial Council; Court of Cassation; State Security Courts)
(government_national_progressive_front_includes#syria#the ruling Arab Socialist Renaissance {Ba'th} Party, Hafiz al-ASAD, president of the republic, secretary general of the party, and chairman of the National Progressive Front; Syrian Arab Socialist Party {ASP}, 'Abd al-Ghani KANNUT; Arab Socialist Union {ASU}, Jamal ATASSI; Syrian Communist Party {SCP}, Wisal FARHAH; Arab Socialist Unionist Movement, Sami SOUFAN; and Democratic Socialist Union Party, Ghassan UTHMAN)
(government_other_political_or_pressure_groups#syria#non-Ba'th parties have little effective political influence; Communist party ineffective; conservative religious leaders; Muslim Brotherhood)
(government_international_organization_participation#syria#ABEDA, AFESD, AL, AMF, CAEU, CCC, ESCWA, FAO, G-24, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, ISO, ITU, NAM, OAPEC, OIC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNRWA, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WMO, WToO)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_chief_of_mission#syria#Ambassador Walid MUALEM)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_chancery#syria#2215 Wyoming Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_telephone#syria#[1] {202} 232-6313)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_fax#syria#[1] {202} 234-9548)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_chief_of_mission#syria#Ambassador Christopher W. S. ROSS)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_embassy#syria#Abou Roumaneh, Al-Mansur Street No. 2, Damascus)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_mailing_address#syria#P. O. Box 29, Damascus)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_telephone#syria#[963] {11} 333-2814, 333-0788, 332-0783)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_fax#syria#[963] {11} 224-7938)
(government_flag#syria#three equal horizontal bands of red {top}, white, and black with two small green five-pointed stars in a horizontal line centered in the white band; similar to the flag of Yemen, which has a plain white band and of Iraq, which has three green stars {plus an Arabic inscription} in a horizontal line centered in the white band; also similar to the flag of Egypt, which has a symbolic eagle centered in the white band)
(economy_economic_overview#syria#During 1990-92 Syria's state-dominated economy benefited from the Gulf war, increased oil production, good weather, and economic reform. Economic growth averaged roughly 10%. The war led to a Syrian aid windfall of nearly $5 billion from Arab, European, and Japanese donors. Most positive economic trends ended in 1993 due to the dissipation of the Gulf war boom, a domestic financial crisis, and economic policy missteps. Economic growth has dropped below 5%, income inequality is increasing, the government budget deficit is growing, and international accounts are weakening. For the long run, Syria's economy is saddled with a large number of poorly performing public sector firms and low industrial productivity. Oil production is likely to ebb by the end of the decade. Unemployment will likely rise as the more than 60% of the population under age 20 moves into the labor force. The economic benefits of any peace treaty with Israel will depend in large part on the pace of economic reform.)
(economy_gdp#syria#purchasing power parity - $91.2 billion {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_real_growth_rate#syria#4.4% {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_per_capita#syria#$5,900 {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_agriculture#syria#30%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_industry#syria#25%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_services#syria#45% {1994 est.})
(economy_inflation_rate_{consumer_prices}#syria#15.1% {1994 est.})
(economy_labor_force#syria#4.7 million {1995 est.})
(economy_labor_force_by_occupation#syria#services 42%, industry 36%, agriculture 22% {1990 est.})
(economy_unemployment_rate#syria#8% {1994 est.})
(economy_budget_revenues#syria#$2.5 billion)
(economy_budget_expenditures#syria#$3.4 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA {1994 est.})
(economy_industries#syria#textiles, food processing, beverages, tobacco, phosphate rock mining, petroleum)
(economy_industrial_production_growth_rate#syria#5% {1994 est.})
(economy_electricity_capacity#syria#4,160,000 kW)
(economy_electricity_production#syria#13.2 billion kWh)
(economy_electricity_consumption_per_capita#syria#865 kWh {1993})
(economy_agriculture#syria#wheat, barley, cotton, lentils, chickpeas; beef, lamb, eggs, poultry, milk)
(economy_illicit_drugs#syria#a transit point for Lebanese and Turkish refined cocaine going to Europe and heroin and hashish bound for regional and Western markets)
(economy_exports#syria#$3.5 billion {f.o.b., 1994})
(economy_exports_commodities#syria#petroleum 66%, cotton, fruits and vegetables 14%, textiles 9%, animal products 4%, industrial products 3%)
(economy_exports_partners#syria#EU 61%, Arab countries 24%, former CEMA countries, China, Yugoslavia 5%, US and Canada 3% {1993 est.})
(economy_imports#syria#$5.4 billion {c.i.f., 1994})
(economy_imports_commodities#syria#machinery 25%, metal products 16%, transport equipment 15%, foodstuffs 12%, textiles 10%)
(economy_imports_partners#syria#EU 37%, former CEMA countries, China, Yugoslavia 17%, US and Canada 7%, Arab countries 6% {1993 est.})
(economy_external_debt#syria#$21.2 billion {1995 est.})
(economy_economic_aid_recipient#syria#ODA, $259 million {1993})
(economy_currency#syria#1 Syrian pound {úS} = 100 piastres)
(economy_exchange_rates#syria#Syrian pounds {úS} per US$1 - 11.225 {official fixed rate}, 26.6 {"blended rate" used by the UN and diplomatic missions}, 42.0 {"neighboring country rate" - applies to most state enterprise imports}, 48.0 - 52.0 {offshore rate} {1994})
(economy_fiscal_year#syria#calendar year)
(transportation_railways_total#syria#1,998 km)
(transportation_railways_broad_gauge#syria#1,766 km 1.435-m gauge)
(transportation_railways_narrow_gauge#syria#232 km 1.050-m gauge)
(transportation_highways_total#syria#31,569 km)
(transportation_highways_paved#syria#24,308 km {including 712 km of expressways})
(transportation_highways_unpaved#syria#7,261 km {1991 est.})
(transportation_waterways#syria#870 km; minimal economic importance)
(transportation_pipelines#syria#crude oil 1,304 km; petroleum products 515 km)
(transportation_ports#syria#Baniyas, Jablah, Latakia, Tartus)
(transportation_merchant_marine_total#syria#99 ships {1,000 GRT or over} totaling 294,355 GRT/454,990 DWT)
(transportation_merchant_marine_ships_by_type#syria#bulk 12, cargo 85, livestock carrier 1, vehicle carrier 1 {1995 est.})
(transportation_airports_total#syria#99)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_over_3,047_m#syria#5)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_2,438_to_3,047_m#syria#15)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_1,524_to_2,437_m#syria#1)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_914_to_1,523_m#syria#1)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_under_914_m#syria#62)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_1,524_to_2,437_m#syria#2)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_914_to_1,523_m#syria#13 {1995 est.})
(transportation_heliports#syria#2 {1995 est.})
(communications_telephones#syria#541,465 {1992 est.})
(communications_telephone_system#syria#fair system currently undergoing significant improvement and digital upgrades, including fiber-optic technology)
(communications_telephone_system_domestic#syria#coaxial cable and microwave radio relay network)
(communications_telephone_system_international#syria#satellite earth stations - 1 Intelsat {Indian Ocean} and 1 Intersputnik {Atlantic Ocean region}; 1 submarine cable; coaxial cable and microwave radio relay to Iraq, Jordan, Lebanon, and Turkey; participant in Medarabtel)
(communications_radio_broadcast_stations#syria#AM 9, FM 1, shortwave 0)
(communications_radios#syria#3.392 million {1992 est.})
(communications_television_broadcast_stations#syria#17)
(communications_televisions#syria#700,000 {1993 est.})
(defense_branches#syria#Syrian Arab Army, Syrian Arab Navy, Syrian Arab Air Force, Syrian Arab Air Defense Forces, Police and Security Force)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_age_15-49#syria#3,590,557)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_fit_for_military_service#syria#2,011,610)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_reach_military_age_{19}_annually#syria#164,598 {1996 est.})
(defense_defense_expenditures#syria#exchange rate conversion - $875 million, 8% of GDP {1994 est.}; note - based on official budget data that understate actual spending)
(header_note#tajikistan#Tajikistan has experienced three changes of government since it gained independence in September 1991. The current president, Emomali RAHMONOV, was elected in November 1994, yet has been in power since 1992. The country is suffering through its third year of a civil conflict, with no clear end in sight. Underlying the conflict are deeply rooted regional and clan-based animosities that pit a government consisting of people primarily from the Kulob {Kulyab}, Khujand {Leninabad}, and Hisor {Hissar} regions against a secular and Islamic-led opposition from the Gharm, Gorno-Badakhshan, and Qurghonteppa {Kurgan-Tyube} regions. Government and opposition representatives have held periodic rounds of UN-mediated peace talks and agreed in September 1994 to a cease-fire which has been periodically extended. Russian-led peacekeeping troops are deployed throughout the country, and Russian-commanded border guards are stationed along the Tajik-Afghan border.)
(geography_location#tajikistan#Central Asia, west of China)
(geography_geographic_coordinates#tajikistan#39 00 N, 71 00 E)
(geography_map_references#tajikistan#Commonwealth of Independent States)
(geography_area_total_area#tajikistan#143,100 sq km)
(geography_area_land_area#tajikistan#142,700 sq km)
(geography_area_comparative_area#tajikistan#slightly smaller than Wisconsin)
(geography_land_boundaries_total#tajikistan#3,651 km)
(geography_land_boundaries_border_countries#tajikistan#Afghanistan 1,206 km, China 414 km, Kyrgyzstan 870 km, Uzbekistan 1,161 km)
(geography_coastline#tajikistan#0 km {landlocked})
(geography_maritime_claims#tajikistan#none {landlocked})
(geography_international_disputes#tajikistan#boundary with China in dispute; territorial dispute with Kyrgyzstan on northern boundary in Isfara Valley area; Afghanistan's and other foreign support to Islamic fighters in Tajikistan's civil war based in northern Afghanistan)
(geography_climate#tajikistan#midlatitude continental, hot summers, mild winters; semiarid to polar in Pamir Mountains)
(geography_terrain#tajikistan#Pamir and Altai Mountains dominate landscape; western Fergana Valley in north, Kofarnihon and Vakhsh Valleys in southwest)
(geography_terrain_lowest_point#tajikistan#Syrdariya 300 m)
(geography_terrain_highest_point#tajikistan#Qullai Kommunizm 7,495 m)
(geography_natural_resources#tajikistan#significant hydropower potential, some petroleum, uranium, mercury, brown coal, lead, zinc, antimony, tungsten)
(geography_land_use_arable_land#tajikistan#6%)
(geography_land_use_permanent_crops#tajikistan#0%)
(geography_land_use_meadows_and_pastures#tajikistan#23%)
(geography_land_use_forest_and_woodland#tajikistan#0%)
(geography_land_use_other#tajikistan#71%)
(geography_irrigated_land#tajikistan#6,940 sq km {1990})
(geography_environment_current_issues#tajikistan#inadequate sanitation facilities; increasing levels of soil salinity; industrial pollution; excessive pesticides; part of the basin of the shrinking Aral Sea suffers from severe overutilization of available water for irrigation and associated pollution)
(geography_environment_natural_hazards#tajikistan#NA)
(geography_environment_international_agreements#tajikistan#NA)
(geography_geographic_note#tajikistan#landlocked)
(people_population#tajikistan#5,916,373 {July 1996 est.})
(people_age_structure_0-14_years#tajikistan#43% {male 1,282,846; female 1,258,302})
(people_age_structure_15-64_years#tajikistan#53% {male 1,546,264; female 1,566,365})
(people_age_structure_65_years_and_over#tajikistan#4% {male 110,705; female 151,891} {July 1996 est.})
(people_population_growth_rate#tajikistan#1.54% {1996 est.})
(people_birth_rate#tajikistan#33.78 births/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_death_rate#tajikistan#8.43 deaths/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_net_migration_rate#tajikistan#-9.93 migrant{s}/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_sex_ratio_at_birth#tajikistan#1.05 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_under_15_years#tajikistan#1.02 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_15-64_years#tajikistan#0.99 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_65_years_and_over#tajikistan#0.73 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_all_ages#tajikistan#0.99 male{s}/female {1996 est.})
(people_infant_mortality_rate#tajikistan#113.1 deaths/1,000 live births {1996 est.})
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_total_population#tajikistan#64.45 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_male#tajikistan#60.84 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_female#tajikistan#68.24 years {1996 est.})
(people_total_fertility_rate#tajikistan#4.38 children born/woman {1996 est.})
(people_nationality_noun#tajikistan#Tajik{s})
(people_nationality_adjective#tajikistan#Tajik)
(people_ethnic_divisions#tajikistan#Tajik 64.9%, Uzbek 25%, Russian 3.5% {declining because of emigration}, other 6.6%)
(people_religions#tajikistan#Sunni Muslim 80%, Shi'a Muslim 5%)
(people_languages#tajikistan#Tajik {official}, Russian widely used in government and business)
(people_literacy#tajikistan#age 15 and over can read and write {1989 est.})
(people_literacy_total_population#tajikistan#98%)
(people_literacy_male#tajikistan#99%)
(people_literacy_female#tajikistan#97%)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_long_form#tajikistan#Republic of Tajikistan)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_short_form#tajikistan#Tajikistan)
(government_name_of_country_local_long_form#tajikistan#Jumhurii Tojikistan)
(government_name_of_country_local_short_form#tajikistan#none)
(government_name_of_country_former#tajikistan#Tajik Soviet Socialist Republic)
(government_data_code#tajikistan#TI)
(government_type_of_government#tajikistan#republic)
(government_capital#tajikistan#Dushanbe)
(government_administrative_divisions#tajikistan#2 oblasts {viloyatho, singular - viloyat} and one autonomous oblast* {viloyati avtonomii}; Viloyati Avtonomii Badakhshoni Kuni* {Khorugh - formerly Khorog}, Viloyati Khatlon {Qurghonteppa - formerly Kurgan-Tyube}, Viloyati Leninobod {Khujand - formerly Leninabad})
(government_administrative_divisions_note#tajikistan#the administrative center names are in parentheses)
(government_independence#tajikistan#9 September 1991 {from Soviet Union})
(government_national_holiday#tajikistan#National Day, 9 September {1991})
(government_constitution#tajikistan#new constitution adopted 6 November 1994)
(government_legal_system#tajikistan#based on civil law system; no judicial review of legislative acts)
(government_suffrage#tajikistan#18 years of age; universal)
(government_executive_branch_chief_of_state#tajikistan#President Emomali RAHMONOV {since 6 November 1994; was Head of State and Assembly Chairman since NA November 1992} was elected for a five-year term by universal suffrage; election last held 6 November 1994 {next to be held NA 1999}; results - Emomali RAHMONOV 58%, Abdumalik ABDULLAJANOV 40%)
(government_executive_branch_head_of_government#tajikistan#Prime Minister Yahyo AZIMOV {since 8 February 1996} was appointed by the president)
(government_executive_branch_cabinet#tajikistan#Council of Ministers was appointed by the president who proposes them to the Supreme Assembly for approval)
(government_legislative_branch#tajikistan#unicameral)
(government_national_assembly_{majlisi_oli}#tajikistan#elections last held 26 February and 12 March 1995 {next to be held NA 2000}; results - percent of vote by party NA; estimated seats - {181 total} Communist Party and affiliates 100, People's Party 10, Party of People's Unity 6, Party of Economic and Political Renewal 1, other 64)
(government_judicial_branch#tajikistan#Supreme Court, judges are appointed by the president)
(government_political_parties_and_leaders#tajikistan#People's Party of Tajikistan, Abdumajid DOSTIYEV; Party of People's Unity, Abdumalik ABDULLOJONOR; Tajik Communist Party, Shodi SHABDOLOV; Democratic Party, Jumaboy NIYAZOV, chairman; Islamic Renaissance Party {IRP}, Mohammed Sharif HIMMATZODA, chairman; Rebirth {Rastokhez}, Takhir ABDUZHABOROV; Lali Badakhshan Society, Atobek AMIRBEK; Tajikistan Party of Economic and Political Renewal {TPEPR}; Citizenship, Patriotism, Unity Party, Bobokhon MAHMADOV; Adolatho "Justices" Party, Abdurahmon KARIMOV, chairman)
(government_other_political_or_pressure_groups#tajikistan#Tajikistan Opposition Movement based in northern Afghanistan, Seyed Abdullah NURI, chairman)
(government_international_organization_participation#tajikistan#CIS, EBRD, ECE, ECO, ESCAP, FAO, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, ILO, IMF, Intelsat {nonsignatory user}, IOC, IOM, ITU, NACC, OIC, OSCE, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTrO {observer})
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us#tajikistan#Tajikistan does not have an embassy in the US, but has a mission at the UN: address - 136 East 67th Street, New York, NY 10021, telephone - [1] {212} 472-7645, FAX - [1] {212} 628-0252)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_chief_of_mission#tajikistan#Ambassador R. Grant SMITH)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_embassy#tajikistan#interim chancery, Oktyabrskaya Hotel, 105A Prospect Rudaki, Dushanbe 734001)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_mailing_address#tajikistan#Octyabrskaya Hotel, 105A Prospect Rudaki, Dushanbe, Tajikistan 734001)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_telephone#tajikistan#[7] {3772} 21-03-56)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_fax#tajikistan#Telex {787} 20116)
(government_flag#tajikistan#three horizontal stripes of red {top}, a wider stripe of white, and green; a gold crown surmounted by seven five-pointed gold stars is located in the center of the white stripe)
(economy_economic_overview#tajikistan#Tajikistan had the next-to-lowest per capita GDP in the former USSR, the highest rate of population growth, and an extremely low standard of living. Agriculture dominates the economy, with cotton being the most important crop. Mineral resources, varied but limited in amount, include silver, gold, uranium, and tungsten. Industry is limited to a large aluminum plant, hydropower facilities, and small obsolete factories mostly in light industry and food processing. The Tajik economy has been gravely weakened by four years of civil conflict and by the loss of subsidies and markets for its products, which has left Tajikistan dependent on Russia and Uzbekistan and on international humanitarian assistance for much of its basic subsistence needs. Moreover, constant political turmoil and the continued dominance by former communist officials have impeded the introduction of meaningful economic reforms. The regime has made only halfhearted efforts to stabilize the economy and promote reform.)
(economy_gdp#tajikistan#purchasing power parity - $6.4 billion {1995 estimate as extrapolated from World Bank estimate for 1994})
(economy_gdp_real_growth_rate#tajikistan#-12.4% {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_per_capita#tajikistan#$1,040 {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_agriculture#tajikistan#NA%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_industry#tajikistan#NA%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_services#tajikistan#NA%)
(economy_inflation_rate_{consumer_prices}#tajikistan#28% monthly average {1995 est.})
(economy_labor_force#tajikistan#1.95 million {1992})
(economy_labor_force_by_occupation#tajikistan#agriculture and forestry 43%, government and services 24%, industry 14%, trade and communications 11%, construction 8% {1990})
(economy_unemployment_rate#tajikistan#3.3% includes only officially registered unemployed; also large numbers of underemployed workers and unregistered unemployed people {December 1995})
(economy_budget_revenues#tajikistan#$NA)
(economy_budget_expenditures#tajikistan#$NA, including capital expenditures of $NA)
(economy_industries#tajikistan#aluminum, zinc, lead, chemicals and fertilizers, cement, vegetable oil, metal-cutting machine tools, refrigerators and freezers)
(economy_industrial_production_growth_rate#tajikistan#-5% {1995})
(economy_electricity_capacity#tajikistan#3,800,000 kW)
(economy_electricity_production#tajikistan#14.8 billion kWh)
(economy_electricity_consumption_per_capita#tajikistan#2,400 kWh {1995})
(economy_agriculture#tajikistan#cotton, grain, fruits, grapes, vegetables; cattle, sheep, goats)
(economy_illicit_drugs#tajikistan#illicit cultivation of cannabis and opium poppy; mostly for CIS consumption; used as transshipment point for illicit drugs from Southwest Asia to Western Europe and North America)
(economy_exports#tajikistan#$707 million {1995})
(economy_exports_commodities#tajikistan#cotton, aluminum, fruits, vegetable oil, textiles)
(economy_exports_partners#tajikistan#Russia, Kazakstan, Ukraine, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan)
(economy_imports#tajikistan#$690 million {1995})
(economy_imports_commodities#tajikistan#fuel, chemicals, machinery and transport equipment, textiles, foodstuffs)
(economy_imports_partners#tajikistan#Russia, Uzbekistan, Kazakstan)
(economy_external_debt#tajikistan#$635 million {of which $250 million to Russia} {1995 est.})
(economy_economic_aid_recipient#tajikistan#ODA, $22 million {1993})
(economy_economic_aid_note#tajikistan#commitments, $885 million {disbursements $115 million} {1992-95})
(economy_currency#tajikistan#introduced its own currency, the Tajik ruble, in May 1995)
(economy_exchange_rates#tajikistan#Tajik rubles per US$1 - 284 {January 1996})
(economy_fiscal_year#tajikistan#calendar year)
(transportation_railways_total#tajikistan#480 km in common carrier service; does not include industrial lines {1990})
(transportation_highways#tajikistan#32,752 km)
(transportation_highways_paved#tajikistan#21,119 km)
(transportation_highways_unpaved#tajikistan#11,633 km {1992 est.})
(transportation_pipelines#tajikistan#natural gas 400 km {1992})
(transportation_ports#tajikistan#none)
(transportation_airports_total#tajikistan#59)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_over_3,047_m#tajikistan#1)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_2,438_to_3,047_m#tajikistan#5)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_1,524_to_2,437_m#tajikistan#7)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_914_to_1,523_m#tajikistan#1)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_914_to_1,523_m#tajikistan#9)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_under_914_m#tajikistan#36 {1994 est.})
(communications_telephones#tajikistan#303,000 {1991 est.})
(communications_telephone_system#tajikistan#poorly developed and not well maintained; many towns are not reached by the national network)
(communications_telephone_system_domestic#tajikistan#cable and microwave radio relay)
(communications_telephone_system_international#tajikistan#linked by cable and microwave radio relay to other CIS republics, and by leased connections to the Moscow international gateway switch; Dushanbe linked by Intelsat to international gateway switch in Ankara {Turkey}; satellite earth stations - 1 Orbita and 2 Intelsat)
(communications_radio_broadcast_stations#tajikistan#AM NA, FM NA, shortwave NA; note - there is one state-owned radio broadcast station)
(communications_radios#tajikistan#NA)
(communications_television_broadcast_stations#tajikistan#1)
(communications_television_broadcast_stations_note#tajikistan#1 Intelsat earth station provides TV receive-only service from Turkey)
(communications_televisions#tajikistan#NA)
(defense_branches#tajikistan#Army {being formed}, Presidential National Guard, Security Forces {internal and border troops})
(defense_manpower_availability_males_age_15-49#tajikistan#1,358,106)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_fit_for_military_service#tajikistan#1,115,149)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_reach_military_age_{18}_annually#tajikistan#58,691 {1996 est.})
(defense_defense_expenditures#tajikistan#180 billion rubles, 3.4% of GDP {1995})
(geography_location#tanzania#Eastern Africa, bordering the Indian Ocean, between Kenya and Mozambique)
(geography_geographic_coordinates#tanzania#6 00 S, 35 00 E)
(geography_map_references#tanzania#Africa)
(geography_area_total_area#tanzania#945,090 sq km)
(geography_area_land_area#tanzania#886,040 sq km)
(geography_area_comparative_area#tanzania#slightly larger than twice the size of California)
(geography_area_note#tanzania#includes the islands of Mafia, Pemba, and Zanzibar)
(geography_land_boundaries_total#tanzania#3,402 km)
(geography_land_boundaries_border_countries#tanzania#Burundi 451 km, Kenya 769 km, Malawi 475 km, Mozambique 756 km, Rwanda 217 km, Uganda 396 km, Zambia 338 km)
(geography_coastline#tanzania#1,424 km)
(geography_maritime_claims_exclusive_economic_zone#tanzania#200 nm)
(geography_maritime_claims_territorial_sea#tanzania#12 nm)
(geography_international_disputes#tanzania#boundary dispute with Malawi in Lake Nyasa; Tanzania-Zaire-Zambia tripoint in Lake Tanganyika may no longer be indefinite since it has been informally reported that the indefinite section of the Zaire-Zambia boundary has been settled)
(geography_climate#tanzania#varies from tropical along coast to temperate in highlands)
(geography_terrain#tanzania#plains along coast; central plateau; highlands in north, south)
(geography_terrain_lowest_point#tanzania#Indian Ocean 0 m)
(geography_terrain_highest_point#tanzania#Kilimanjaro 5,895 m)
(geography_natural_resources#tanzania#hydropower potential, tin, phosphates, iron ore, coal, diamonds, gemstones, gold, natural gas, nickel)
(geography_land_use_arable_land#tanzania#5%)
(geography_land_use_permanent_crops#tanzania#1%)
(geography_land_use_meadows_and_pastures#tanzania#40%)
(geography_land_use_forest_and_woodland#tanzania#47%)
(geography_land_use_other#tanzania#7%)
(geography_irrigated_land#tanzania#1,530 sq km {1989 est.})
(geography_environment_current_issues#tanzania#soil degradation; deforestation; desertification; destruction of coral reefs threatens marine habitats; recent droughts affected marginal agriculture)
(geography_environment_natural_hazards#tanzania#the tsetse fly and lack of water limit agriculture; flooding on the central plateau during the rainy season)
(geography_environment_international_agreements#tanzania#party to - Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Whaling; signed, but not ratified - Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification)
(geography_geographic_note#tanzania#Kilimanjaro is highest point in Africa)
(people_population#tanzania#29,058,470 {July 1996 est.})
(people_age_structure_0-14_years#tanzania#45% {male 6,536,911; female 6,576,752})
(people_age_structure_15-64_years#tanzania#52% {male 7,360,370; female 7,739,500})
(people_age_structure_65_years_and_over#tanzania#3% {male 396,128; female 448,809} {July 1996 est.})
(people_population_growth_rate#tanzania#1.15% {1996 est.})
(people_birth_rate#tanzania#41.31 births/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_death_rate#tanzania#19.47 deaths/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_net_migration_rate#tanzania#-10.36 migrant{s}/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_net_migration_rate_note#tanzania#the total number of Rwandan and Burundian refugees in Tanzania is about 750,000)
(people_sex_ratio_at_birth#tanzania#1.03 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_under_15_years#tanzania#0.99 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_15-64_years#tanzania#0.95 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_65_years_and_over#tanzania#0.88 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_all_ages#tanzania#0.97 male{s}/female {1996 est.})
(people_infant_mortality_rate#tanzania#105.9 deaths/1,000 live births {1996 est.})
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_total_population#tanzania#42.34 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_male#tanzania#40.95 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_female#tanzania#43.78 years {1996 est.})
(people_total_fertility_rate#tanzania#5.67 children born/woman {1996 est.})
(people_nationality_noun#tanzania#Tanzanian{s})
(people_nationality_adjective#tanzania#Tanzanian)
(people_ethnic_divisions_mainland#tanzania#native African {95% Bantu, consisting of well over 100 tribes} 99%, Asian, European, and Arab 1%)
(people_zanzibar#tanzania#Arab, mixed Arab and native African, native African)
(people_religions_mainland#tanzania#Christian 45%, Muslim 35%, indigenous beliefs 20%)
(people_zanzibar#tanzania#Muslim more than 99%)
(people_languages#tanzania#Kiswahili or Swahili {official}, Kiunguju {name for Swahili in Zanzibar}, English {official, primary language of commerce, administration, and higher education}, Arabic {widely spoken in Zanzibar}, many local languages)
(people_languages_note#tanzania#Kiswahili {Swahili} is the mother tongue of Bantu people living in Zanzibar and nearby coastal Tanzania; although Kiswahili is Bantu in structure and origin, its vocabulary draws on a variety of sources, including Arabic and English, and it has become the lingua franca of central and eastern Africa; the first language of most people is one of the local languages)
(people_literacy#tanzania#age 15 and over can read and write Kiswahili {Swahili}, English, or Arabic {1995 est.})
(people_literacy_total_population#tanzania#67.8%)
(people_literacy_male#tanzania#79.4%)
(people_literacy_female#tanzania#56.8%)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_long_form#tanzania#United Republic of Tanzania)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_short_form#tanzania#Tanzania)
(government_name_of_country_former#tanzania#United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar)
(government_data_code#tanzania#TZ)
(government_type_of_government#tanzania#republic)
(government_capital#tanzania#Dar es Salaam)
(government_capital_note#tanzania#some government offices have been transferred to Dodoma, which is planned as the new national capital by the end of the 1990s)
(government_administrative_divisions#tanzania#25 regions; Arusha, Dar es Salaam, Dodoma, Iringa, Kigoma, Kilimanjaro, Lindi, Mara, Mbeya, Morogoro, Mtwara, Mwanza, Pemba North, Pemba South, Pwani, Rukwa, Ruvuma, Shinyanga, Singida, Tabora, Tanga, Zanzibar Central/South, Zanzibar North, Zanzibar Urban/West, Ziwa Magharibi)
(government_independence#tanzania#26 April 1964; Tanganyika became independent 9 December 1961 {from UK-administered UN trusteeship}; Zanzibar became independent 19 December 1963 {from UK}; Tanganyika united with Zanzibar 26 April 1964 to form the United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar; renamed United Republic of Tanzania 29 October 1964)
(government_national_holiday#tanzania#Union Day, 26 April {1964})
(government_constitution#tanzania#25 April 1977; major revisions October 1984)
(government_legal_system#tanzania#based on English common law; judicial review of legislative acts limited to matters of interpretation; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction)
(government_suffrage#tanzania#18 years of age; universal)
(government_executive_branch_chief_of_state#tanzania#President Benjamin MKARA {since 22 November 1995} was elected for a five-year term by popular vote; election last held 29 October-19 November 1995 {next to be held 29 October 2000}; results - Benjamin MKARA 62%, MREMA 28%, LIPUMBA 6%, CHEYO 4%; Vice President Omar Ali JUMA {since 22 November 1995}; President of Zanzibar Salmin AMOUR {since 27 October 1995}; election last held 22 October 1995 {next to be held 22 October 2000}; results - Salmin AMOUR 50.2%, HAMAD 49.8%)
(government_executive_branch_head_of_government#tanzania#Prime Minister Fredrick SUMAYE {since 27 November 1995} was appointed by the president)
(government_executive_branch_cabinet#tanzania#Cabinet was appointed by the president from the members of the National Assembly)
(government_legislative_branch#tanzania#unicameral)
(government_national_assembly_{bunge}#tanzania#elections last held 29 October-19 November 1995 {next to be held 29 October 2000}; results - percent of total vote by party NA; seats - {274 total, 232 elected} CCM 186, opposition parties 46; of the 42 seats which are not elected some are filled by presidential appointment and others are designated by law for specific officials)
(government_judicial_branch#tanzania#Court of Appeal; High Court)
(government_political_parties_and_leaders#tanzania#Chama Cha Mapinduzi {CCM or Revolutionary Party}, Ali Hassan MWINYI; Civic United Front {CUF}, Seif Sharif HAMAD; National Convention for Construction and Reform {NCCR}, Lyatonga {Augustine} MREMA; Union for Multiparty Democracy {UMD}, Abdullah FUNDIKIRA; Chama Cha Demokrasia na Maendeleo {CHADEMA}, Edwin I. M. MTEI, chairman; Democratic Party {unregistered}, Reverend MTIKLA; United Democratic Party {UDP}, John CHEYO)
(government_international_organization_participation#tanzania#ACP, AfDB, C, CCC, EADB, ECA, FAO, G- 6, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, ISO, ITU, NAM, OAU, SADC, UN, UNAVEM III, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_chief_of_mission#tanzania#Ambassador Mustafa Salim NYANG'ANYI)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_chancery#tanzania#2139 R Street NW, Washington, DC 20008)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_telephone#tanzania#[1] {202} 939-6125)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_fax#tanzania#[1] {202} 797-7408)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_chief_of_mission#tanzania#Ambassador J. Brady ANDERSON)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_embassy#tanzania#36 Laibon Road {off Bagamoyo Road}, Dar es Salaam)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_mailing_address#tanzania#P. O. Box 9123, Dar es Salaam)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_telephone#tanzania#[255] {51} 66010 through 66015)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_fax#tanzania#[255] {51} 66701)
(government_flag#tanzania#divided diagonally by a yellow-edged black band from the lower hoist-side corner; the upper triangle {hoist side} is green and the lower triangle is blue)
(economy_economic_overview#tanzania#Tanzania is one of the poorest countries in the world. The economy is heavily dependent on agriculture, which accounts for 58% of GDP, provides 85% of exports, and employs 90% of the work force. Topography and climatic conditions, however, limit cultivated crops to only 5% of the land area. Industry accounts for 8% of GDP and is mainly limited to processing agricultural products and light consumer goods. The economic recovery program announced in mid-1986 has generated notable increases in agricultural production and financial support for the program by bilateral donors. The World Bank, the International Monetary Fund, and bilateral donors have provided funds to rehabilitate Tanzania's deteriorated economic infrastructure. Growth in 1991-94 has featured a pickup in industrial production and a substantial increase in output of minerals, led by gold. Recent banking reforms have helped increase private sector growth and investment.)
(economy_gdp#tanzania#purchasing power parity - $23.1 billion {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_real_growth_rate#tanzania#2.7% {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_per_capita#tanzania#$800 {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_agriculture#tanzania#58%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_industry#tanzania#8%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_services#tanzania#34% {1995 est.})
(economy_inflation_rate_{consumer_prices}#tanzania#25% {1994 est.})
(economy_labor_force#tanzania#13.495 million)
(economy_labor_force_by_occupation#tanzania#agriculture 90%, industry and commerce 10% {1986 est.})
(economy_unemployment_rate#tanzania#NA%)
(economy_budget_revenues#tanzania#$495 million)
(economy_budget_expenditures#tanzania#$631 million, including capital expenditures of $118 million {1990 est.})
(economy_industries#tanzania#primarily agricultural processing {sugar, beer, cigarettes, sisal twine}, diamond and gold mining, oil refining, shoes, cement, textiles, wood products, fertilizer)
(economy_industrial_production_growth_rate#tanzania#9.3% {1990})
(economy_electricity_capacity#tanzania#440,000 kW)
(economy_electricity_production#tanzania#880 million kWh)
(economy_electricity_consumption_per_capita#tanzania#30 kWh {1993})
(economy_agriculture#tanzania#coffee, sisal, tea, cotton, pyrethrum {insecticide made from chrysanthemums}, cashews, tobacco, cloves {Zanzibar}, corn, wheat, cassava {tapioca}, bananas, fruits, vegetables; cattle, sheep, goats)
(economy_illicit_drugs#tanzania#growing role in transshipment of Southwest Asian heroin destined for European and US markets)
(economy_exports#tanzania#$462 million {f.o.b., 1994})
(economy_exports_commodities#tanzania#coffee, cotton, tobacco, tea, cashew nuts, sisal)
(economy_exports_partners#tanzania#Germany, UK, Japan, Netherlands, Kenya, Hong Kong, US)
(economy_imports#tanzania#$1.4 billion {c.i.f., 1994})
(economy_imports_commodities#tanzania#manufactured goods, machinery and transportation equipment, cotton piece goods, crude oil, foodstuffs)
(economy_imports_partners#tanzania#Germany, UK, US, Japan, Italy, Denmark)
(economy_external_debt#tanzania#$6.7 billion {1993})
(economy_economic_aid_recipient#tanzania#ODA, $NA)
(economy_currency#tanzania#1 Tanzanian shilling {TSh} = 100 cents)
(economy_exchange_rates#tanzania#Tanzanian shillings {TSh} per US$1 - 558.18 {December 1995}, 574.76 {1995}, 509.63 {1994}, 405.27 {1993}, 297.71 {1992}, 219.16 {1991})
(economy_fiscal_year#tanzania#1 July - 30 June)
(transportation_railways_total#tanzania#3,569 km {1995})
(transportation_railways_narrow_gauge#tanzania#2,600 km 1.000-m gauge; 969 km 1.067-m gauge)
(transportation_railways_note:#tanzania#the Tanzania-Zambia Railway Authority {TAZARA}, which operates 1,860 km of 1.067-m narrow gauge track between Dar es Salaam and New Kapiri M'poshi in Zambia is not a part of Tanzania Railways Corporation; 969 km are in Tanzania and 891 km are in Zambia; because of the difference in gauge, this system does not connect to Tanzania Railways)
(transportation_highways_total#tanzania#55,600 km)
(transportation_highways_paved#tanzania#20,572 km {including 50 km of expressways})
(transportation_highways_unpaved#tanzania#35,028 km {1992 est.})
(transportation_waterways#tanzania#Lake Tanganyika, Lake Victoria, Lake Nyasa)
(transportation_pipelines#tanzania#crude oil 982 km)
(transportation_ports#tanzania#Bukoba, Dar es Salaam, Kigoma, Lindi, Mkoani, Mtwara, Musoma, Mwanza, Tanga, Wete, Zanzibar)
(transportation_merchant_marine_total#tanzania#8 ships {1,000 GRT or over} totaling 30,371 GRT/41,269 DWT)
(transportation_merchant_marine_ships_by_type#tanzania#cargo 3, oil tanker 2, passenger-cargo 2, roll-on/roll-off cargo 1 {1995 est.})
(transportation_airports_total#tanzania#111)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_over_3,047_m#tanzania#2)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_2,438_to_3,047_m#tanzania#2)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_1,524_to_2,437_m#tanzania#6)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_914_to_1,523_m#tanzania#1)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_under_914_m#tanzania#28)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_1,524_to_2,437_m#tanzania#15)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_914_to_1,523_m#tanzania#57 {1995 est.})
(communications_telephones#tanzania#137,000 {1989 est.})
(communications_telephone_system#tanzania#fair system operating below capacity)
(communications_telephone_system_domestic#tanzania#open wire, microwave radio relay, tropospheric scatter)
(communications_telephone_system_international#tanzania#satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat {1 Indian Ocean and 1 Atlantic Ocean})
(communications_radio_broadcast_stations#tanzania#AM 12, FM 4, shortwave 0)
(communications_radios#tanzania#640,000 {1992 est.})
(communications_television_broadcast_stations#tanzania#2 {1987 est.})
(communications_televisions#tanzania#45,000 {1992 est.})
(defense_branches#tanzania#Tanzanian People's Defense Force {TPDF; includes Army, Navy, and Air Force}, paramilitary Police Field Force Unit, Militia)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_age_15-49#tanzania#6,499,244)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_fit_for_military_service#tanzania#3,765,193 {1996 est.})
(defense_defense_expenditures#tanzania#exchange rate conversion - $69 million, NA% of GDP {FY94/95})
(geography_location#thailand#Southeastern Asia, bordering the Andaman Sea and the Gulf of Thailand, southeast of Burma)
(geography_geographic_coordinates#thailand#15 00 N, 100 00 E)
(geography_map_references#thailand#Southeast Asia)
(geography_area_total_area#thailand#514,000 sq km)
(geography_area_land_area#thailand#511,770 sq km)
(geography_area_comparative_area#thailand#slightly more than twice the size of Wyoming)
(geography_land_boundaries_total#thailand#4,863 km)
(geography_land_boundaries_border_countries#thailand#Burma 1,800 km, Cambodia 803 km, Laos 1,754 km, Malaysia 506 km)
(geography_coastline#thailand#3,219 km)
(geography_maritime_claims_continental_shelf#thailand#200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation)
(geography_maritime_claims_exclusive_economic_zone#thailand#200 nm)
(geography_maritime_claims_territorial_sea#thailand#12 nm)
(geography_international_disputes#thailand#boundary dispute with Laos; unresolved maritime boundary with Vietnam; parts of border with Cambodia in dispute; maritime boundary with Cambodia not clearly defined)
(geography_climate#thailand#tropical; rainy, warm, cloudy southwest monsoon {mid-May to September}; dry, cool northeast monsoon {November to mid-March}; southern isthmus always hot and humid)
(geography_terrain#thailand#central plain; Khorat Plateau in the east; mountains elsewhere)
(geography_terrain_lowest_point#thailand#Gulf of Thailand 0 m)
(geography_terrain_highest_point#thailand#Doi Inthanon 2,576 m)
(geography_natural_resources#thailand#tin, rubber, natural gas, tungsten, tantalum, timber, lead, fish, gypsum, lignite, fluorite)
(geography_land_use_arable_land#thailand#34%)
(geography_land_use_permanent_crops#thailand#4%)
(geography_land_use_meadows_and_pastures#thailand#1%)
(geography_land_use_forest_and_woodland#thailand#30%)
(geography_land_use_other#thailand#31%)
(geography_irrigated_land#thailand#42,300 sq km {1989 est.})
(geography_environment_current_issues#thailand#air pollution from vehicle emissions; water pollution from organic and factory wastes; deforestation; soil erosion; wildlife populations threatened by illegal hunting)
(geography_environment_natural_hazards#thailand#land subsidence in Bangkok area resulting from the depletion of the water table; droughts)
(geography_environment_international_agreements#thailand#party to - Climate Change, Endangered Species, Marine Life Conservation, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Tropical Timber 83; signed, but not ratified - Biodiversity, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea)
(geography_geographic_note#thailand#controls only land route from Asia to Malaysia and Singapore)
(people_population#thailand#58,851,357 {July 1996 est.})
(people_age_structure_0-14_years#thailand#25% {male 7,627,916; female 7,351,264})
(people_age_structure_15-64_years#thailand#69% {male 19,994,884; female 20,576,141})
(people_age_structure_65_years_and_over#thailand#6% {male 1,468,814; female 1,832,338} {July 1996 est.})
(people_population_growth_rate#thailand#1.03% {1996 est.})
(people_birth_rate#thailand#17.29 births/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_death_rate#thailand#7 deaths/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_net_migration_rate#thailand#0 migrant{s}/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_sex_ratio_at_birth#thailand#1.05 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_under_15_years#thailand#1.04 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_15-64_years#thailand#0.97 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_65_years_and_over#thailand#0.8 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_all_ages#thailand#0.98 male{s}/female {1996 est.})
(people_infant_mortality_rate#thailand#33.4 deaths/1,000 live births {1996 est.})
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_total_population#thailand#68.6 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_male#thailand#64.89 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_female#thailand#72.49 years {1996 est.})
(people_total_fertility_rate#thailand#1.89 children born/woman {1996 est.})
(people_nationality_noun#thailand#Thai {singular and plural})
(people_nationality_adjective#thailand#Thai)
(people_ethnic_divisions#thailand#Thai 75%, Chinese 14%, other 11%)
(people_religions#thailand#Buddhism 95%, Muslim 3.8%, Christianity 0.5%, Hinduism 0.1%, other 0.6% {1991})
(people_languages#thailand#Thai, English the secondary language of the elite, ethnic and regional dialects)
(people_literacy#thailand#age 15 and over can read and write {1995 est.})
(people_literacy_total_population#thailand#93.8%)
(people_literacy_male#thailand#96%)
(people_literacy_female#thailand#91.6%)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_long_form#thailand#Kingdom of Thailand)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_short_form#thailand#Thailand)
(government_data_code#thailand#TH)
(government_type_of_government#thailand#constitutional monarchy)
(government_capital#thailand#Bangkok)
(government_administrative_divisions#thailand#76 provinces {changwat, singular and plural}; Amnat Charoen, Ang Thong, Buriram, Chachoengsao, Chai Nat, Chaiyaphum, Chanthaburi, Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Chon Buri, Chumphon, Kalasin, Kamphaeng Phet, Kanchanaburi, Khon Kaen, Krabi, Krung Thep Mahanakhon {Bangkok}, Lampang, Lamphun, Loei, Lop Buri, Mae Hong Son, Maha Sarakham, Mukdahan, Nakhon Nayok, Nakhon Pathom, Nakhon Phanom, Nakhon Ratchasima, Nakhon Sawan, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Nan, Narathiwat, Nong Bua Lamphu, Nong Khai, Nonthaburi, Pathum Thani, Pattani, Phangnga, Phatthalung, Phayao, Phetchabun, Phetchaburi, Phichit, Phitsanulok, Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya, Phrae, Phuket, Prachin Buri, Prachuap Khiri Khan, Ranong, Ratchaburi, Rayong, Roi Et, Sa Kaeo, Sakon Nakhon, Samut Prakan, Samut Sakhon, Samut Songkhram, Sara Buri, Satun, Sing Buri, Sisaket, Songkhla, Sukhothai, Suphan Buri, Surat Thani, Surin, Tak, Trang, Trat, Ubon Ratchathani, Udon Thani, Uthai Thani, Uttaradit, Yala, Yasothon)
(government_independence#thailand#1238 {traditional founding date; never colonized})
(government_national_holiday#thailand#Birthday of His Majesty the King, 5 December {1927})
(government_constitution#thailand#new constitution approved 7 December 1991; amended 10 June 1992)
(government_legal_system#thailand#based on civil law system, with influences of common law; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction; martial law in effect since 23 February 1991 military coup)
(government_suffrage#thailand#18 years of age; universal)
(government_executive_branch_chief_of_state#thailand#King PHUMIPHON Adunyadet {since 9 June 1946} is a constitutional monarch; Heir Apparent Crown Prince WACHIRALONGKON {born 28 July 1952})
(government_executive_branch_head_of_government#thailand#Prime Minister BANHAN Sinlapa-acha {since 13 July 1995}; prime minister must be appointed from among the members of the House of Representatives)
(government_executive_branch_cabinet#thailand#Council of Ministers)
(government_privy_council#thailand#NA)
(government_legislative_branch#thailand#bicameral National Assembly {Rathasapha})
(government_senate_{wuthisapha}#thailand#consists of a 270-member appointed body)
(government_house_of_representatives_{sapha_phuthaen_ratsadon}#thailand#elections last held 2 July 1995 {next to be held 2 July 1999}; results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - {391 total} TNP 93, DP 86, NAP 56, NDP 53, PDP 23, SAP 23, NTP 18, TCP 18, LDP 10, SP 8, MP 3)
(government_judicial_branch#thailand#Supreme Court {Sandika}, judges appointed by the king)
(government_political_parties_and_leaders#thailand#Thai Nation Party {TNP or Chat Thai Party}, BANHAN Sinlapa-acha; Democratic Party {DP or Prachathipat Party}, CHUAN Likphai; New Aspiration Party {NAP or Khwamwang Mai}, Gen. CHAWALIT Yongchaiyut; National Development Party {NDP or Chat Phattana}, CHATCHAI Chunhawan; Phalang Dharma Party {PDP or Phalang Tham}, THAKSIN Chinnawat; Social Action Party {SAP or Kitsangkhom Party}, MONTRI Phongphanit; Thai Leadership Party {NTP or Nam Thai}, Amnuai Wirawan; Thai Citizen's Party {TCP or Prachakon Thai}, SAMAK Sunthonwet; Liberal Democratic Party {LDP or Seri Tham}, ATHIT Urairat; Solidarity Party {SP or Ekkaphap Party}, UTHAI Phimchaichon; Mass Party {MP or Muanchon}, Pol. Cpt. CHALOEM Yubamrung)
(government_international_organization_participation#thailand#APEC, AsDB, ASEAN, CCC, CP, ESCAP, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, Mekong Group, NAM, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIKOM, UNU, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTrO)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_chief_of_mission#thailand#Ambassador NIT Phibunsongkhram)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_chancery#thailand#1024 Wisconsin Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20007)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_telephone#thailand#[1] {202} 944-3600)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_fax#thailand#[1] {202} 944-3611)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_consulate{s}_general#thailand#Chicago, Los Angeles, and New York)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_chief_of_mission#thailand#Ambassador William H. ITOH)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_embassy#thailand#95 Wireless Road, Bangkok)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_mailing_address#thailand#APO AP 96546)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_telephone#thailand#[66] {2} 252-5040)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_fax#thailand#[66] {2} 254-2990)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_consulate{s}_general#thailand#Chiang Mai)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_consulate{s}#thailand#Udorn)
(government_flag#thailand#five horizontal bands of red {top}, white, blue {double width}, white, and red)
(economy_economic_overview#thailand#One of the more advanced developing countries in Asia, Thailand depends on exports of manufactures - including high-technology goods - and the development of the service sector to fuel the country's rapid growth, averaging 9% since 1989. Most of Thailand's recent imports have been for capital equipment and raw materials, although imports of consumer goods are beginning to rise. Thailand's 35% domestic savings rate is a key source of capital for the economy, and the country is also benefiting from rising investment from abroad. Prime Minister BANHAN's government - Thailand's sixth government in five years - undoubtedly will continue Bangkok's probusiness policies despite some concerns that it is relaxing Bangkok's traditional fiscal austerity. BANHAN is beginning to address Thailand's serious infrastructure bottlenecks, especially in the transport and telecommunications sectors. Over the longer term, Bangkok must produce more college graduates with technical training and upgrade workers' skills to continue its rapid economic development.)
(economy_gdp#thailand#purchasing power parity - $416.7 billion {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_real_growth_rate#thailand#8.6% {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_per_capita#thailand#$6,900 {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_agriculture#thailand#10.2%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_industry#thailand#30.6%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_services#thailand#59.2% {1994 est.})
(economy_inflation_rate_{consumer_prices}#thailand#5.8% {1995})
(economy_labor_force#thailand#32,152,600)
(economy_labor_force_by_occupation#thailand#agriculture 57%, industry 17%, commerce 11%, services {including government} 15% {1993 est.})
(economy_unemployment_rate#thailand#2.7% {1995 est.})
(economy_budget_revenues#thailand#$28.4 billion)
(economy_budget_expenditures#thailand#$28.4 billion, including capital expenditures of $6.1 billion {FY94/95})
(economy_industries#thailand#tourism; textiles and garments, agricultural processing, beverages, tobacco, cement, light manufacturing, such as jewelry; electric appliances and components, integrated circuits, furniture, plastics; world's second-largest tungsten producer and third-largest tin producer)
(economy_industrial_production_growth_rate#thailand#13.3% {1995 est.})
(economy_electricity_capacity#thailand#12,810,000 kW)
(economy_electricity_production#thailand#56.8 billion kWh)
(economy_electricity_consumption_per_capita#thailand#909 kWh {1993})
(economy_agriculture#thailand#rice, cassava {tapioca}, rubber, corn, sugarcane, coconuts, soybeans)
(economy_illicit_drugs#thailand#a minor producer of opium, heroin, and marijuana; major illicit transit point for heroin en route to the international drug market from Burma and Laos; eradication efforts have reduced the area of cannabis cultivation and shifted some production to neighboring countries; opium poppy cultivation has been reduced by eradication efforts; also a drug money laundering center; rapidly growing role in amphetamine production for regional consumption; increasing indigenous abuse of methamphetamine and heroin)
(economy_exports#thailand#$45.1 billion {f.o.b., 1994})
(economy_exports_commodities#thailand#manufactures 73%, agricultural products and fisheries 21%, raw materials 5%, fuels 1%)
(economy_exports_partners#thailand#US 21.0%, Japan 17.1%, Singapore 13.6%, Hong Kong 5.3%, Germany 3.5%, UK 3.0%, Netherlands 2.8%, Malaysia 2.4%)
(economy_imports#thailand#$53.9 billion {c.i.f., 1994})
(economy_imports_commodities#thailand#manufactures 80%, fuels 6.9%, raw materials 6.6%, foodstuffs 4.3%)
(economy_imports_partners#thailand#Japan 30.4%, US 11.9%, Singapore 6.3%, Germany 5.8%, Taiwan 5.1%, Malaysia 4.9%, South Korea 3.7%, China 2.6%)
(economy_external_debt#thailand#$53.7 billion {1994})
(economy_economic_aid_recipient#thailand#ODA, $624 million {1993})
(economy_currency#thailand#1 baht {B} = 100 satang)
(economy_exchange_rates#thailand#baht {B} per US$1 - 25.300 {January 1996}, 25.000 {1995 est.}, 25.150 {1994}, 25.319 {1993}, 25.400 {1992}, 25.517 {1991})
(economy_fiscal_year#thailand#1 October - 30 September)
(transportation_railways_total#thailand#4,623 km)
(transportation_railways_narrow_gauge#thailand#4,623 km 1.000-m gauge {99 km double track})
(transportation_highways_total#thailand#54,388 km)
(transportation_highways_paved#thailand#48,786 km {including 171 km of expressways})
(transportation_highways_unpaved#thailand#5,602 km {1992 est.})
(transportation_waterways#thailand#3,999 km principal waterways; 3,701 km with navigable depths of 0.9 m or more throughout the year; numerous minor waterways navigable by shallow-draft native craft)
(transportation_pipelines#thailand#petroleum products 67 km; natural gas 350 km)
(transportation_ports#thailand#Bangkok, Laem Chabang, Pattani, Phuket, Sattahip, Si Racha, Songkhla)
(transportation_merchant_marine_total#thailand#259 ships {1,000 GRT or over} totaling 1,559,037 GRT/2,498,812 DWT)
(transportation_merchant_marine_ships_by_type#thailand#bulk 32, cargo 143, chemical tanker 3, container 11, liquefied gas tanker 12, oil tanker 45, passenger 1, refrigerated cargo 7, roll-on/roll-off cargo 2, short-sea passenger 1, specialized tanker 2 {1995 est.})
(transportation_airports_total#thailand#98)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_over_3,047_m#thailand#6)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_2,438_to_3,047_m#thailand#9)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_1,524_to_2,437_m#thailand#12)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_914_to_1,523_m#thailand#22)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_under_914_m#thailand#36)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_1,524_to_2,437_m#thailand#1)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_914_to_1,523_m#thailand#12 {1995 est.})
(transportation_heliports#thailand#2 {1995 est.})
(communications_telephones#thailand#1,553,200 {1994 est.})
(communications_telephone_system#thailand#service to general public inadequate; bulk of service to government activities provided by multichannel cable and microwave radio relay network)
(communications_telephone_system_domestic#thailand#microwave radio relay and multichannel cable; domestic satellite system being developed)
(communications_telephone_system_international#thailand#satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat {1 Indian Ocean and 1 Pacific Ocean})
(communications_radio_broadcast_stations#thailand#AM 200 {in government-controlled network}, FM 100 {in government-controlled network}, shortwave 0)
(communications_radios#thailand#10.75 million {1992 est.})
(communications_television_broadcast_stations#thailand#11 {in government-controlled network})
(communications_televisions#thailand#3.3 million {1993 est.})
(defense_branches#thailand#Royal Thai Army, Royal Thai Navy {includes Royal Thai Marine Corps}, Royal Thai Air Force, Paramilitary Forces)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_age_15-49#thailand#16,835,334)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_fit_for_military_service#thailand#10,182,904)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_reach_military_age_{18}_annually#thailand#592,268 {1996 est.})
(defense_defense_expenditures#thailand#exchange rate conversion - $4.0 billion, 2.5% of GDP {FY94/95})
(geography_location#togo#Western Africa, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean, between Benin and Ghana)
(geography_geographic_coordinates#togo#8 00 N, 1 10 E)
(geography_map_references#togo#Africa)
(geography_area_total_area#togo#56,790 sq km)
(geography_area_land_area#togo#54,390 sq km)
(geography_area_comparative_area#togo#slightly smaller than West Virginia)
(geography_land_boundaries_total#togo#1,647 km)
(geography_land_boundaries_border_countries#togo#Benin 644 km, Burkina Faso 126 km, Ghana 877 km)
(geography_coastline#togo#56 km)
(geography_maritime_claims_exclusive_economic_zone#togo#200 nm)
(geography_maritime_claims_territorial_sea#togo#30 nm)
(geography_international_disputes#togo#none)
(geography_climate#togo#tropical; hot, humid in south; semiarid in north)
(geography_terrain#togo#gently rolling savanna in north; central hills; southern plateau; low coastal plain with extensive lagoons and marshes)
(geography_terrain_lowest_point#togo#Atlantic Ocean 0 m)
(geography_terrain_highest_point#togo#Pic Baumann 986 m)
(geography_natural_resources#togo#phosphates, limestone, marble)
(geography_land_use_arable_land#togo#25%)
(geography_land_use_permanent_crops#togo#1%)
(geography_land_use_meadows_and_pastures#togo#4%)
(geography_land_use_forest_and_woodland#togo#28%)
(geography_land_use_other#togo#42%)
(geography_irrigated_land#togo#70 sq km {1989 est.})
(geography_environment_current_issues#togo#deforestation attributable to slash-and-burn agriculture and the use of wood for fuel; recent droughts affecting agriculture)
(geography_environment_natural_hazards#togo#hot, dry harmattan wind can reduce visibility in north during winter; periodic droughts)
(geography_environment_international_agreements#togo#party to - Endangered Species, Law of the Sea, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83; signed, but not ratified - Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Tropical Timber 94)
(people_population#togo#4,570,530 {July 1996 est.})
(people_age_structure_0-14_years#togo#49% {male 1,116,030; female 1,105,957})
(people_age_structure_15-64_years#togo#49% {male 1,085,774; female 1,163,374})
(people_age_structure_65_years_and_over#togo#2% {male 46,089; female 53,306} {July 1996 est.})
(people_population_growth_rate#togo#3.56% {1996 est.})
(people_birth_rate#togo#46.23 births/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_death_rate#togo#10.66 deaths/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_net_migration_rate#togo#0 migrant{s}/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_sex_ratio_at_birth#togo#1.03 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_under_15_years#togo#1.01 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_15-64_years#togo#0.93 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_65_years_and_over#togo#0.86 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_all_ages#togo#0.97 male{s}/female {1996 est.})
(people_infant_mortality_rate#togo#84.3 deaths/1,000 live births {1996 est.})
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_total_population#togo#57.87 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_male#togo#55.7 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_female#togo#60.1 years {1996 est.})
(people_total_fertility_rate#togo#6.75 children born/woman {1996 est.})
(people_nationality_noun#togo#Togolese {singular and plural})
(people_nationality_adjective#togo#Togolese)
(people_ethnic_divisions#togo#native African {37 tribes; largest and most important are Ewe, Mina, and Kabre} 99%, European and Syrian-Lebanese less than 1%)
(people_religions#togo#indigenous beliefs 70%, Christian 20%, Muslim 10%)
(people_languages#togo#French {official and the language of commerce}, Ewe and Mina {the two major African languages in the south}, Dagomba and Kabye {sometimes spelled Kabiye; the two major African languages in the north})
(people_literacy#togo#age 15 and over can read and write {1995 est.})
(people_literacy_total_population#togo#51.7%)
(people_literacy_male#togo#67%)
(people_literacy_female#togo#37%)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_long_form#togo#Republic of Togo)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_short_form#togo#Togo)
(government_name_of_country_local_long_form#togo#Republique Togolaise)
(government_name_of_country_local_short_form#togo#none)
(government_name_of_country_former#togo#French Togo)
(government_data_code#togo#TO)
(government_type_of_government#togo#republic under transition to multiparty democratic rule)
(government_capital#togo#Lome)
(government_administrative_divisions#togo#23 circumscriptions {circonscriptions, singular - circonscription}; Amlame {Amou}, Aneho {Lacs}, Atakpame {Ogou}, Badou {Wawa}, Bafilo {Assoli}, Bassar {Bassari}, Dapango {Tone}, Kande {Keran}, Klouto {Kloto}, Pagouda {Binah}, Lama-Kara {Kozah}, Lome {Golfe}, Mango {Oti}, Niamtougou {Doufelgou}, Notse {Haho}, Pagouda, Sotouboua, Tabligbo {Yoto}, Tchamba, Nyala, Tchaoudjo, Tsevie {Zio}, Vogan {Vo})
(government_administrative_divisions_note#togo#the 23 units may now be called prefectures {singular - prefecture} and reported name changes for individual units are included in parentheses)
(government_independence#togo#27 April 1960 {from French-administered UN trusteeship})
(government_national_holiday#togo#Independence Day, 27 April {1960})
(government_constitution#togo#multiparty draft constitution approved by High Council of the Republic 1 July 1992; adopted by public referendum 27 September 1992)
(government_legal_system#togo#French-based court system)
(government_suffrage#togo#NA years of age; universal adult)
(government_executive_branch_chief_of_state#togo#President Gen. Gnassingbe EYADEMA {since 14 April 1967} reelected for a five-year term by universal suffrage; election last held 25 August 1993 {next to be held NA 1998}; all major opposition parties boycotted the election; Gen. EYADEMA won 96.5% of the vote)
(government_executive_branch_head_of_government#togo#Prime Minister Edem KODJO {since April 1994} appointed by the president)
(government_executive_branch_cabinet#togo#Council of Ministers appointed by the president and the prime minister)
(government_legislative_branch#togo#unicameral)
(government_national_assembly#togo#elections last held 6 and 20 February 1994 {next to be held NA}; results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - {81 total} CAR 36, RPT 35, UTD 7, UJD 2, CFN 1)
(government_national_assembly_note#togo#the Supreme Court ordered new elections for three seats of the Action Committee for Renewal {CAR} and the Togolese Union for Democracy {UTD}, lowering their total to 34 and six seats, respectively; the remaining three seats have not been filled)
(government_judicial_branch#togo#Court of Appeal {Cour d'Appel}; Supreme Court {Cour Supreme})
(government_political_parties_and_leaders#togo#Rally of the Togolese People {RPT}, President Gen. Gnassingbe EYADEMA; Coordination des Forces Nouvelles {CFN}, Joseph KOFFIGOH; Togolese Union for Democracy {UTD}, Edem KODJO; Action Committee for Renewal {CAR}, Yao AGBOYIBOR; Union for Democracy and Solidarity {UDS}, Antoine FOLLY; Pan-African Sociodemocrats Group {GSP}, an alliance of three radical parties: CDPA, PDR, and PSP; Democratic Convention of African Peoples {CDPA}, Leopold GNININVI; Party for Democracy and Renewal {PDR}, Zarifou AYEVA; Pan-African Social Party {PSP}, Francis AGBAGLI; Union of Forces for Change {UFC}, Gilchrist OLYMPIO {in exile}; Union of Justice and Democracy {UJD}, Lal TAXPANDJAN)
(government_political_parties_and_leaders_note#togo#Rally of the Togolese People {RPT}, led by President EYADEMA, was the only party until the formation of multiple parties was legalized 12 April 1991)
(government_international_organization_participation#togo#ACCT, ACP, AfDB, CCC, ECA, ECOWAS, Entente, FAO, FZ, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, ITU, MINURSO, NAM, OAU, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNMIH, UPU, WADB, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_chief_of_mission#togo#Ambassador Kossivi OSSEYI)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_chancery#togo#2208 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_telephone#togo#[1] {202} 234-4212)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_fax#togo#[1] {202} 232-3190)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_chief_of_mission#togo#Ambassador Johnny YOUNG)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_embassy#togo#Rue Pelletier Caventou and Rue Vauban, Lome)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_mailing_address#togo#B. P. 852, Lome)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_telephone#togo#[228] 21 77 17, 21 29 91 through 21 29 94)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_fax#togo#[228] 21 79 52)
(government_flag#togo#five equal horizontal bands of green {top and bottom} alternating with yellow; there is a white five-pointed star on a red square in the upper hoist-side corner; uses the popular pan-African colors of Ethiopia)
(economy_economic_overview#togo#This small sub-Saharan economy is heavily dependent on subsistence agriculture, which provides employment for more than 60% of the labor force. Cocoa, coffee, and cotton together generate about 30% of export earnings. Togo is self-sufficient in basic foodstuffs when harvests are normal. In the industrial sector, phosphate mining is by far the most important activity, although it has suffered from the collapse of world phosphate prices and increased foreign competition. Togo serves as a regional commercial and trade center. The government's decade-long effort, supported by the World Bank and the IMF, to implement economic reform measures, encourage foreign investment, and bring revenues in line with expenditures has stalled. Political unrest, including private and public sector strikes throughout 1992 and 1993, has jeopardized the reform program, shrunk the tax base, and disrupted vital economic activity. Although strikes had ended in 1994, political unrest and lack of funds prevented the government from taking advantage of the 50% currency devaluation of 12 January 1994. Resumption of World Bank and IMF flows will depend on implementation of several controversial moves toward privatization and on downsizing the military, on which the regime depends to stay in power.)
(economy_gdp#togo#purchasing power parity - $4.1 billion {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_real_growth_rate#togo#6% {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_per_capita#togo#$900 {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_agriculture#togo#49.2%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_industry#togo#17.7%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_services#togo#33.1% {1993 est.})
(economy_inflation_rate_{consumer_prices}#togo#8.8% {1995 est.})
(economy_labor_force#togo#1.538 million {1993 est.})
(economy_labor_force_by_occupation#togo#agriculture 64%, industry 9%, services 21%. unemployed 6% {1981 est.})
(economy_unemployment_rate#togo#NA%)
(economy_budget_revenues#togo#$165 million)
(economy_budget_expenditures#togo#$274 million, including capital expenditures of $NA {1995 est.})
(economy_industries#togo#phosphate mining, agricultural processing, cement; handicrafts, textiles, beverages)
(economy_industrial_production_growth_rate#togo#NA%)
(economy_electricity_capacity#togo#34,000 kW)
(economy_electricity_production#togo#41.004 million kWh)
(economy_electricity_consumption_per_capita#togo#9 kWh {1990})
(economy_agriculture#togo#coffee, cocoa, cotton, yams, cassava {tapioca}, corn, beans, rice, millet, sorghum; meat; annual fish catch of 10,000-14,000 tons)
(economy_illicit_drugs#togo#increasingly used as transit hub by heroin traffickers)
(economy_exports#togo#$162.2 {f.o.b., 1994})
(economy_exports_commodities#togo#phosphates, cotton, cocoa, coffee)
(economy_exports_partners#togo#EC 40%, Africa 16%, US 1% {1990})
(economy_imports#togo#$212 million {c.i.f., 1994})
(economy_imports_commodities#togo#machinery and equipment, consumer goods, food, chemical products)
(economy_imports_partners#togo#EC 57%, Africa 17%, US 5%, Japan 4% {1990})
(economy_external_debt#togo#$1.3 billion {1991})
(economy_economic_aid_recipient#togo#ODA, $NA)
(economy_currency#togo#1 Communaute Financiere Africaine franc {CFAF} = 100 centimes)
(economy_exchange_rates#togo#CFA francs {CFAF} per US$1 - 500.56 {January 1996}, 499.15 {1995}, 555.20 {1994}, 283.16 {1993}, 264.69 {1992}, 282.11 {1991})
(economy_exchange_rates_note#togo#beginning 12 January 1994, the CFA franc was devalued to CFAF 100 per French franc from CFAF 50 at which it had been fixed since 1948)
(economy_fiscal_year#togo#calendar year)
(transportation_railways_total#togo#525 km {1995})
(transportation_railways_narrow_gauge#togo#525 km 1.000-m gauge)
(transportation_highways_total#togo#7,545 km)
(transportation_highways_paved#togo#1,833 km)
(transportation_highways_unpaved#togo#5,712 km {1993 est.})
(transportation_waterways#togo#50 km Mono river)
(transportation_ports#togo#Kpeme, Lome)
(transportation_merchant_marine#togo#none)
(transportation_airports_total#togo#8)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_2,438_to_3,047_m#togo#2)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_under_914_m#togo#2)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_914_to_1,523_m#togo#4 {1995 est.})
(communications_telephones#togo#12,000 {1987 est.})
(communications_telephone_system#togo#fair system based on network of microwave radio relay routes supplemented by open-wire lines)
(communications_telephone_system_domestic#togo#microwave radio relay and open-wire lines)
(communications_telephone_system_international#togo#satellite earth stations - 1 Intelsat {Atlantic Ocean} and 1 Symphonie)
(communications_radio_broadcast_stations#togo#AM 2, FM 0, shortwave 0)
(communications_radios#togo#795,000 {1992 est.})
(communications_television_broadcast_stations#togo#3 {relays 2})
(communications_televisions#togo#24,000 {1992 est.})
(defense_branches#togo#Army, Navy, Air Force, Gendarmerie)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_age_15-49#togo#975,746)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_fit_for_military_service#togo#512,196 {1996 est.})
(defense_defense_expenditures#togo#exchange rate conversion - $48 million, 2.9% of GDP {1993})
(header_affiliation#tokelau#{territory of New Zealand})
(geography_location#tokelau#Oceania, group of islands in the South Pacific Ocean, about one-half of the way from Hawaii to New Zealand)
(geography_geographic_coordinates#tokelau#9 00 S, 172 00 W)
(geography_map_references#tokelau#Oceania)
(geography_area_total_area#tokelau#10 sq km)
(geography_area_land_area#tokelau#10 sq km)
(geography_area_comparative_area#tokelau#about 17 times the size of The Mall in Washington, DC)
(geography_land_boundaries#tokelau#0 km)
(geography_coastline#tokelau#101 km)
(geography_maritime_claims_exclusive_economic_zone#tokelau#200 nm)
(geography_maritime_claims_territorial_sea#tokelau#12 nm)
(geography_international_disputes#tokelau#none)
(geography_climate#tokelau#tropical; moderated by trade winds {April to November})
(geography_terrain#tokelau#coral atolls enclosing large lagoons)
(geography_terrain_lowest_point#tokelau#Pacific Ocean 0 m)
(geography_terrain_highest_point#tokelau#unnamed location 5 m)
(geography_natural_resources#tokelau#NEGL)
(geography_land_use_arable_land#tokelau#0%)
(geography_land_use_permanent_crops#tokelau#0%)
(geography_land_use_meadows_and_pastures#tokelau#0%)
(geography_land_use_forest_and_woodland#tokelau#0%)
(geography_land_use_other#tokelau#100%)
(geography_irrigated_land#tokelau#NA sq km)
(geography_environment_current_issues#tokelau#very limited natural resources and overcrowding are contributing to emigration to New Zealand)
(geography_environment_natural_hazards#tokelau#lies in Pacific typhoon belt)
(geography_environment_international_agreements#tokelau#NA)
(people_population#tokelau#1,482 {July 1996 est.})
(people_age_structure_0-14_years#tokelau#NA)
(people_age_structure_15-64_years#tokelau#NA)
(people_age_structure_65_years_and_over#tokelau#NA)
(people_population_growth_rate#tokelau#-1.35% {1996 est.})
(people_birth_rate#tokelau#NA births/1,000 population)
(people_death_rate#tokelau#NA deaths/1,000 population)
(people_net_migration_rate#tokelau#NA migrant{s}/1,000 population)
(people_sex_ratio_at_birth#tokelau#NA male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_under_15_years#tokelau#NA male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_15-64_years#tokelau#NA male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_65_years_and_over#tokelau#NA male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_all_ages#tokelau#NA male{s}/female)
(people_infant_mortality_rate#tokelau#NA deaths/1,000 live births)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_total_population#tokelau#NA years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_male#tokelau#NA years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_female#tokelau#NA years)
(people_total_fertility_rate#tokelau#NA children born/woman)
(people_nationality_noun#tokelau#Tokelauan{s})
(people_nationality_adjective#tokelau#Tokelauan)
(people_ethnic_divisions#tokelau#Polynesian)
(people_religions#tokelau#Congregational Christian Church 70%, Roman Catholic 28%, other 2%)
(people_religions_note#tokelau#on Atafu, all Congregational Christian Church of Samoa; on Nukunonu, all Roman Catholic; on Fakaofo, both denominations, with the Congregational Christian Church predominant)
(people_languages#tokelau#Tokelauan {a Polynesian language}, English)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_long_form#tokelau#none)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_short_form#tokelau#Tokelau)
(government_data_code#tokelau#TL)
(government_type_of_government#tokelau#territory of New Zealand)
(government_capital#tokelau#none; each atoll has its own administrative center)
(government_administrative_divisions#tokelau#none {territory of New Zealand})
(government_independence#tokelau#none {territory of New Zealand})
(government_national_holiday#tokelau#Waitangi Day, 6 February {1840} {Treaty of Waitangi established British sovereignty over New Zealand})
(government_constitution#tokelau#administered under the Tokelau Islands Act of 1948, as amended in 1970)
(government_legal_system#tokelau#British and local statutes)
(government_suffrage#tokelau#NA)
(government_executive_branch_chief_of_state#tokelau#Queen ELIZABETH II {of the United Kingdom since 6 February 1952} is a hereditary monarch; the queen and New Zealand are represented by Administrator Lindsay WATT {since NA March 1993} who was appointed by the Minister of Foreign Affairs and Trade in New Zealand)
(government_executive_branch_head_of_government#tokelau#Official Secretary Casimilo J. PEREZ {since NA}, Tokelau Apia Liaison Office)
(government_legislative_branch#tokelau#unicameral)
(government_general_fono#tokelau#seats - {45 total, 15 chosen by each of the three atoll's Council of Elders or Taupulega})
(government_judicial_branch#tokelau#High Court in Niue; Supreme Court in New Zealand)
(government_political_parties_and_leaders#tokelau#none)
(government_international_organization_participation#tokelau#SPC, WHO {associate})
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us#tokelau#none {territory of New Zealand})
(government_us_diplomatic_representation#tokelau#none {territory of New Zealand})
(government_flag#tokelau#the flag of New Zealand is used)
(economy_economic_overview#tokelau#Tokelau's small size, isolation, and lack of resources greatly restrain economic development and confine agriculture to the subsistence level. The people must rely on aid from New Zealand to maintain public services, annual aid being substantially greater than GDP. The principal sources of revenue come from sales of copra, postage stamps, souvenir coins, and handicrafts. Money is also remitted to families from relatives in New Zealand.)
(economy_gdp#tokelau#purchasing power parity - $1.5 million {1993 est.})
(economy_gdp_real_growth_rate#tokelau#NA%)
(economy_gdp_per_capita#tokelau#$1,000 {1993 est.})
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_agriculture#tokelau#NA%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_industry#tokelau#NA%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_services#tokelau#NA%)
(economy_inflation_rate_{consumer_prices}#tokelau#NA%)
(economy_labor_force#tokelau#NA)
(economy_unemployment_rate#tokelau#NA%)
(economy_budget_revenues#tokelau#$430,830)
(economy_budget_expenditures#tokelau#$2.8 million, including capital expenditures of $37,300 {1987 est.})
(economy_industries#tokelau#small-scale enterprises for copra production, wood work, plaited craft goods; stamps, coins; fishing)
(economy_industrial_production_growth_rate#tokelau#NA%)
(economy_electricity_capacity#tokelau#200 kW)
(economy_electricity_production#tokelau#300,000 kWh)
(economy_electricity_consumption_per_capita#tokelau#180 kWh {1990})
(economy_agriculture#tokelau#coconuts, copra, breadfruit, papaya, bananas; pigs, poultry, goats)
(economy_exports#tokelau#$98,000 {f.o.b., 1983})
(economy_exports_commodities#tokelau#stamps, copra, handicrafts)
(economy_exports_partners#tokelau#NZ)
(economy_imports#tokelau#$323,400 {c.i.f., 1983})
(economy_imports_commodities#tokelau#foodstuffs, building materials, fuel)
(economy_imports_partners#tokelau#NZ)
(economy_external_debt#tokelau#$0)
(economy_economic_aid_recipient#tokelau#ODA, $NA)
(economy_currency#tokelau#1 New Zealand dollar {NZ$} = 100 cents)
(economy_exchange_rates#tokelau#New Zealand dollars {NZ$} per US$1 - 1.5138 {January 1996}, 1.5235 {1995}, 1.6844 {1994}, 1.8495 {1993}, 1.8584 {1992}, l.7265 {1991})
(economy_fiscal_year#tokelau#1 April - 31 March)
(transportation_railways#tokelau#0 km)
(transportation_highways_total#tokelau#NA km)
(transportation_highways_paved#tokelau#NA km)
(transportation_highways_unpaved#tokelau#NA km)
(transportation_ports#tokelau#none; offshore anchorage only)
(transportation_merchant_marine#tokelau#none)
(transportation_airports#tokelau#none; lagoon landings by amphibious aircraft from Western Samoa)
(communications_telephones#tokelau#NA)
(communications_telephone_system_domestic#tokelau#radiotelephone service between islands)
(communications_telephone_system_international#tokelau#radiotelephone service to Western Samoa)
(communications_radio_broadcast_stations#tokelau#AM NA, FM NA, shortwave NA)
(communications_radio_broadcast_stations_note#tokelau#each atoll has a radio broadcast station of NA type that broadcasts shipping and weather reports)
(communications_radios#tokelau#1,000 {1992 est.})
(communications_television_broadcast_stations#tokelau#NA)
(communications_televisions#tokelau#NA)
(defense_defense_note#tokelau#defense is the responsibility of New Zealand)
(geography_location#tonga#Oceania, archipelago in the South Pacific Ocean, about two-thirds of the way from Hawaii to New Zealand)
(geography_geographic_coordinates#tonga#20 00 S, 175 00 W)
(geography_map_references#tonga#Oceania)
(geography_area_total_area#tonga#748 sq km)
(geography_area_land_area#tonga#718 sq km)
(geography_area_comparative_area#tonga#four times the size of Washington, DC)
(geography_land_boundaries#tonga#0 km)
(geography_coastline#tonga#419 km)
(geography_maritime_claims_continental_shelf#tonga#200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation)
(geography_maritime_claims_exclusive_economic_zone#tonga#200 nm)
(geography_maritime_claims_territorial_sea#tonga#12 nm)
(geography_international_disputes#tonga#none)
(geography_climate#tonga#tropical; modified by trade winds; warm season {December to May}, cool season {May to December})
(geography_terrain#tonga#most islands have limestone base formed from uplifted coral formation; others have limestone overlying volcanic base)
(geography_terrain_lowest_point#tonga#Pacific Ocean 0 m)
(geography_terrain_highest_point#tonga#on Kao Island 1,033 m)
(geography_natural_resources#tonga#fish, fertile soil)
(geography_land_use_arable_land#tonga#25%)
(geography_land_use_permanent_crops#tonga#55%)
(geography_land_use_meadows_and_pastures#tonga#6%)
(geography_land_use_forest_and_woodland#tonga#12%)
(geography_land_use_other#tonga#2%)
(geography_irrigated_land#tonga#NA sq km)
(geography_environment_current_issues#tonga#deforestation results as more and more land is being cleared for agriculture and settlement; some damage to coral reefs from starfish and indiscriminate coral and shell collectors; overhunting threatens native sea turtle populations)
(geography_environment_natural_hazards#tonga#cyclones {October to April}; earthquakes and volcanic activity on Fonuafo'ou)
(geography_environment_international_agreements#tonga#party to - Marine Life Conservation, Nuclear Test Ban, Whaling; signed, but not ratified - Law of the Sea)
(geography_geographic_note#tonga#archipelago of 170 islands {36 inhabited})
(people_population#tonga#106,466 {July 1996 est.})
(people_age_structure_0-14_years#tonga#NA)
(people_age_structure_15-64_years#tonga#NA)
(people_age_structure_65_years_and_over#tonga#NA)
(people_population_growth_rate#tonga#0.82% {1996 est.})
(people_birth_rate#tonga#27.33 births/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_death_rate#tonga#6.26 deaths/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_net_migration_rate#tonga#-1.29 migrant{s}/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_sex_ratio_at_birth#tonga#NA male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_under_15_years#tonga#NA male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_15-64_years#tonga#NA male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_65_years_and_over#tonga#NA male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_all_ages#tonga#NA male{s}/female)
(people_infant_mortality_rate#tonga#40.26 deaths/1,000 live births {1996 est.})
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_total_population#tonga#69.04 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_male#tonga#67.03 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_female#tonga#71.4 years {1996 est.})
(people_total_fertility_rate#tonga#3.75 children born/woman {1996 est.})
(people_nationality_noun#tonga#Tongan{s})
(people_nationality_adjective#tonga#Tongan)
(people_ethnic_divisions#tonga#Polynesian, Europeans about 300)
(people_religions#tonga#Christian {Free Wesleyan Church claims over 30,000 adherents})
(people_languages#tonga#Tongan, English)
(people_literacy#tonga#age 15 and over can read and write a simple message in Tongan or English {1976 est.})
(people_literacy_total_population#tonga#100%)
(people_literacy_male#tonga#100%)
(people_literacy_female#tonga#100%)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_long_form#tonga#Kingdom of Tonga)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_short_form#tonga#Tonga)
(government_name_of_country_former#tonga#Friendly Islands)
(government_data_code#tonga#TN)
(government_type_of_government#tonga#hereditary constitutional monarchy)
(government_capital#tonga#Nuku'alofa)
(government_administrative_divisions#tonga#three island groups; Ha'apai, Tongatapu, Vava'u)
(government_independence#tonga#4 June 1970 {emancipation from UK protectorate})
(government_national_holiday#tonga#Emancipation Day, 4 June {1970})
(government_constitution#tonga#4 November 1875, revised 1 January 1967)
(government_legal_system#tonga#based on English law)
(government_suffrage#tonga#21 years of age; universal)
(government_executive_branch_chief_of_state#tonga#King Taufa'ahau TUPOU IV {since 16 December 1965} is a constitutional monarch)
(government_executive_branch_head_of_government#tonga#Prime Minister Baron VAEA {since 22 August 1991} and Deputy Prime Minister S. Langi KAVALIKU {since 22 August 1991} were appointed for life by the king)
(government_executive_branch_cabinet#tonga#Cabinet was appointed by the king)
(government_privy_council#tonga#consists of the king and the Cabinet)
(government_legislative_branch#tonga#unicameral)
(government_legislative_assembly_{fale_alea}#tonga#elections last held 3-4 February 1993 {next to be held NA February 1996}; results - percent of vote NA; seats - {30 total, 12 reserved for cabinet ministers sitting ex officio, nine for nobles selected by the country's 33 nobles, and nine for elected people's representatives} 6 proreform, 3 traditionalist)
(government_judicial_branch#tonga#Supreme Court, judges are appointed by the king)
(government_political_parties_and_leaders#tonga#Tonga People's Party, Viliami FUKOFUKA)
(government_international_organization_participation#tonga#ACP, AsDB, C, ESCAP, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IMF, Intelsat {nonsignatory user}, Interpol, IOC, ITU, Sparteca, SPC, SPF, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WHO)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us#tonga#Tonga does not have an embassy in the US; Ambassador Sione KITE, resides in London)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_consulate{s}_general#tonga#San Francisco)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation#tonga#the US does not have an embassy in Tonga; the ambassador to Fiji is accredited to Tonga)
(government_flag#tonga#red with a bold red cross on a white rectangle in the upper hoist-side corner)
(economy_economic_overview#tonga#The economy's base is agriculture, which contributes 40% to GDP. Squash, coconuts, bananas, and vanilla beans are the main crops, and agricultural exports make up two-thirds of total exports. The country must import a high proportion of its food, mainly from New Zealand. The manufacturing sector accounts for only 11% of GDP. Tourism is the primary source of hard currency earnings, but the country also remains dependent on sizable external aid and remittances to offset its trade deficit. The economy continued to grow in 1993-95 largely because of a rise in squash exports, increased aid flows, and several large construction projects. The government is now turning its attention to further development of the private sector and the reduction of the budget deficit.)
(economy_gdp#tonga#purchasing power parity - $228 million {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_real_growth_rate#tonga#4% {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_per_capita#tonga#$2,160 {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_agriculture#tonga#40% {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_industry#tonga#NA%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_services#tonga#NA%)
(economy_inflation_rate_{consumer_prices}#tonga#3% {1993})
(economy_labor_force#tonga#32,013 {1990 est.})
(economy_labor_force_by_occupation#tonga#agriculture 70% {1995 est.})
(economy_unemployment_rate#tonga#NA%)
(economy_budget_revenues#tonga#$44 million)
(economy_budget_expenditures#tonga#$86 million, including capital expenditures of $NA {1995 est.})
(economy_industries#tonga#tourism, fishing)
(economy_industrial_production_growth_rate#tonga#NA%)
(economy_electricity_capacity#tonga#6,000 kW)
(economy_electricity_production#tonga#30 million kWh)
(economy_electricity_consumption_per_capita#tonga#231 kWh {1993})
(economy_agriculture#tonga#coconuts, copra, bananas, vanilla beans, cocoa, coffee, ginger, black pepper)
(economy_exports#tonga#$20.3 million {f.o.b., FY93/94})
(economy_exports_commodities#tonga#squash, vanilla, fish, root crops, coconut oil)
(economy_exports_partners#tonga#Japan 59%, US 14%, Australia 6%, NZ 6% {FY93/94})
(economy_imports#tonga#$57.8 million {c.i.f., FY93/94})
(economy_imports_commodities#tonga#food products, machinery and transport equipment, manufactures, fuels, chemicals)
(economy_imports_partners#tonga#NZ 44%, Australia 22%, US 8%, Japan 7% {FY93/94})
(economy_external_debt#tonga#$48.4 million {FY93/94})
(economy_economic_aid_recipient#tonga#ODA, $NA)
(economy_currency#tonga#1 pa'anga {T$} = 100 seniti)
(economy_exchange_rates#tonga#pa'anga {T$} per US$1 - 1.2753 {December 1995}, 1.2709 {1995}, 1.3202 {1994}, 1.3841 {1993}, 1.3471 {1992}, 1.2961 {1991})
(economy_fiscal_year#tonga#1 July - 30 June)
(transportation_railways#tonga#0 km)
(transportation_highways_total#tonga#432 km)
(transportation_highways_paved#tonga#280 km)
(transportation_highways_unpaved#tonga#152 km {1987 est.})
(transportation_ports#tonga#Neiafu, Nuku'alofa, Pangai)
(transportation_merchant_marine_total#tonga#4 ships {1,000 GRT or over} totaling 9,990 GRT/14,884 DWT)
(transportation_merchant_marine_ships_by_type#tonga#cargo 1, liquefied gas tanker 2, roll-on/roll-off cargo 1 {1995 est.})
(transportation_airports_total#tonga#6)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_2,438_to_3,047_m#tonga#1)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_under_914_m#tonga#2)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_1,524_to_2,437_m#tonga#1)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_914_to_1,523_m#tonga#2 {1995 est.})
(communications_telephones#tonga#3,500 {1986 est.})
(communications_telephone_system_domestic#tonga#NA)
(communications_telephone_system_international#tonga#satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat {Pacific Ocean})
(communications_radio_broadcast_stations#tonga#AM 1, FM 0, shortwave 0)
(communications_radios#tonga#66,000 {1993 est.})
(communications_television_broadcast_stations#tonga#0)
(communications_televisions#tonga#1,000 {1992 est.})
(defense_branches#tonga#Tonga Defense Services, Maritime Division, Royal Tongan Marines, Tongan Royal Guards, Police)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_age_15-49#tonga#NA)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_fit_for_military_service#tonga#NA)
(defense_defense_expenditures#tonga#$NA, NA% of GDP)
(geography_location#trinidad_and_tobago#Caribbean, islands between the Caribbean Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean, northeast of Venezuela)
(geography_geographic_coordinates#trinidad_and_tobago#11 00 N, 61 00 W)
(geography_map_references#trinidad_and_tobago#Central America and the Caribbean)
(geography_area_total_area#trinidad_and_tobago#5,130 sq km)
(geography_area_land_area#trinidad_and_tobago#5,130 sq km)
(geography_area_comparative_area#trinidad_and_tobago#slightly smaller than Delaware)
(geography_land_boundaries#trinidad_and_tobago#0 km)
(geography_coastline#trinidad_and_tobago#362 km)
(geography_maritime_claims_contiguous_zone#trinidad_and_tobago#24 nm)
(geography_maritime_claims_continental_shelf#trinidad_and_tobago#200 nm or to the outer edge of the continental margin)
(geography_maritime_claims_exclusive_economic_zone#trinidad_and_tobago#200 nm)
(geography_maritime_claims_territorial_sea#trinidad_and_tobago#12 nm)
(geography_international_disputes#trinidad_and_tobago#none)
(geography_climate#trinidad_and_tobago#tropical; rainy season {June to December})
(geography_terrain#trinidad_and_tobago#mostly plains with some hills and low mountains)
(geography_terrain_lowest_point#trinidad_and_tobago#Caribbean Sea 0 m)
(geography_terrain_highest_point#trinidad_and_tobago#El Cerro del Aripo 940 m)
(geography_natural_resources#trinidad_and_tobago#petroleum, natural gas, asphalt)
(geography_land_use_arable_land#trinidad_and_tobago#14%)
(geography_land_use_permanent_crops#trinidad_and_tobago#17%)
(geography_land_use_meadows_and_pastures#trinidad_and_tobago#2%)
(geography_land_use_forest_and_woodland#trinidad_and_tobago#44%)
(geography_land_use_other#trinidad_and_tobago#23%)
(geography_irrigated_land#trinidad_and_tobago#220 sq km {1989 est.})
(geography_environment_current_issues#trinidad_and_tobago#water pollution from agricultural chemicals, industrial wastes, and raw sewage; oil pollution of beaches; deforestation; soil erosion)
(geography_environment_natural_hazards#trinidad_and_tobago#outside usual path of hurricanes and other tropical storms)
(geography_environment_international_agreements#trinidad_and_tobago#party to - Climate Change, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Life Conservation, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Tropical Timber 83, Wetlands, Whaling; signed, but not ratified - Biodiversity)
(people_population#trinidad_and_tobago#1,272,385 {July 1996 est.})
(people_age_structure_0-14_years#trinidad_and_tobago#30% {male 193,134; female 186,649})
(people_age_structure_15-64_years#trinidad_and_tobago#64% {male 413,426; female 404,175})
(people_age_structure_65_years_and_over#trinidad_and_tobago#6% {male 33,791; female 41,210} {July 1996 est.})
(people_population_growth_rate#trinidad_and_tobago#0.08% {1996 est.})
(people_birth_rate#trinidad_and_tobago#16.25 births/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_death_rate#trinidad_and_tobago#6.9 deaths/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_net_migration_rate#trinidad_and_tobago#-8.58 migrant{s}/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_sex_ratio_at_birth#trinidad_and_tobago#1.03 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_under_15_years#trinidad_and_tobago#1.04 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_15-64_years#trinidad_and_tobago#1.02 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_65_years_and_over#trinidad_and_tobago#0.82 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_all_ages#trinidad_and_tobago#1.01 male{s}/female {1996 est.})
(people_infant_mortality_rate#trinidad_and_tobago#18.2 deaths/1,000 live births {1996 est.})
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_total_population#trinidad_and_tobago#70.3 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_male#trinidad_and_tobago#67.91 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_female#trinidad_and_tobago#72.77 years {1996 est.})
(people_total_fertility_rate#trinidad_and_tobago#1.99 children born/woman {1996 est.})
(people_nationality_noun#trinidad_and_tobago#Trinidadian{s}, Tobagonian{s})
(people_nationality_adjective#trinidad_and_tobago#Trinidadian, Tobagonian)
(people_ethnic_divisions#trinidad_and_tobago#black 43%, East Indian {a local term - primarily immigrants from northern India} 40%, mixed 14%, white 1%, Chinese 1%, other 1%)
(people_religions#trinidad_and_tobago#Roman Catholic 32.2%, Hindu 24.3%, Anglican 14.4%, other Protestant 14%, Muslim 6%, none or unknown 9.1%)
(people_languages#trinidad_and_tobago#English {official}, Hindi, French, Spanish)
(people_literacy#trinidad_and_tobago#age 15 and over can read and write {1995 est.})
(people_literacy_total_population#trinidad_and_tobago#97.9%)
(people_literacy_male#trinidad_and_tobago#98.8%)
(people_literacy_female#trinidad_and_tobago#97%)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_long_form#trinidad_and_tobago#Republic of Trinidad and Tobago)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_short_form#trinidad_and_tobago#Trinidad and Tobago)
(government_data_code#trinidad_and_tobago#TD)
(government_type_of_government#trinidad_and_tobago#parliamentary democracy)
(government_capital#trinidad_and_tobago#Port-of-Spain)
(government_administrative_divisions#trinidad_and_tobago#8 counties, 3 municipalities*, and 1 ward**; Arima*, Caroni, Mayaro, Nariva, Port-of-Spain*, Saint Andrew, Saint David, Saint George, Saint Patrick, San Fernando*, Tobago**, Victoria)
(government_independence#trinidad_and_tobago#31 August 1962 {from UK})
(government_national_holiday#trinidad_and_tobago#Independence Day, 31 August {1962})
(government_constitution#trinidad_and_tobago#1 August 1976)
(government_legal_system#trinidad_and_tobago#based on English common law; judicial review of legislative acts in the Supreme Court; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction)
(government_suffrage#trinidad_and_tobago#18 years of age; universal)
(government_executive_branch_chief_of_state#trinidad_and_tobago#President Noor Mohammed HASSANALI {since 18 March 1987} was elected by an electoral college of members of the Senate and House of Representatives)
(government_executive_branch_head_of_government#trinidad_and_tobago#Prime Minister Basdeo PANDAY {since 9 November 1995} was appointed from among the members of Parliament)
(government_executive_branch_cabinet#trinidad_and_tobago#Cabinet was appointed from among the members of Parliament)
(government_legislative_branch#trinidad_and_tobago#bicameral Parliament)
(government_senate#trinidad_and_tobago#consists of a 31-member body appointed by the president)
(government_house_of_representatives#trinidad_and_tobago#elections last held 6 November 1995 {next to be held by December 2001}; results - PNM 52%, UNC 42.2%, NAR 5.2%; seats - {36 total} PNM 17, UNC 17, NAR 2; the UNC formed a coalition with the NAR)
(government_judicial_branch#trinidad_and_tobago#Court of Appeal, judges are appointed by the president on the advice of the prime minister; Supreme Court, judges are appointed by the president on the advice of the prime minister)
(government_political_parties_and_leaders#trinidad_and_tobago#People's National Movement {PNM}, Patrick MANNING; United National Congress {UNC}, Basdeo PANDAY; National Alliance for Reconstruction {NAR}, A. N. R. ROBINSON; Movement for Social Transformation {MOTION}, David ABDULLAH; National Joint Action Committee {NJAC}, Makandal DAAGA; Republican Party, Nello MITCHELL; National Development Party {NDP}, Carson CHARLES; Movement for Unity and Progress {MUP}, Hulsie BHAGGAN)
(government_international_organization_participation#trinidad_and_tobago#ACP, C, Caricom, CCC, CDB, ECLAC, FAO, G-24, G-77, IADB, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, ISO, ITU, LAES, NAM, OAS, OPANAL, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNMIH, UNU, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTrO)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_chief_of_mission#trinidad_and_tobago#Ambassador Corinne Averille McKNIGHT)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_chancery#trinidad_and_tobago#1708 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20036)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_telephone#trinidad_and_tobago#[1] {202} 467-6490)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_fax#trinidad_and_tobago#[1] {202} 785-3130)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_consulate{s}_general#trinidad_and_tobago#New York)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_chief_of_mission#trinidad_and_tobago#Ambassador Brian J. DONNELLY)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_embassy#trinidad_and_tobago#15 Queen's Park West, Port-of-Spain)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_mailing_address#trinidad_and_tobago#P. O. Box 752, Port-of-Spain)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_telephone#trinidad_and_tobago#[1] {809} 622-6372 through 6376, 6176)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_fax#trinidad_and_tobago#[1] {809} 628-5462)
(government_flag#trinidad_and_tobago#red with a white-edged black diagonal band from the upper hoist side)
(economy_economic_overview#trinidad_and_tobago#Trinidad and Tobago's oil- and petrochemical-dependent economy enjoys a high per capita income, although living standards have declined since the boom years of 1973-82. The country managed to record a second successive year of economic growth in 1995, the first period of substantial expansion since the early 1980s. A broad economic reform program, including the floating of the exchange rate, trade and capital market liberalization, and an extensive privatization program by the previous administration has left the incoming PANDAY government in a relatively sound economic position. Trinidad and Tobago's economic prospects continue to depend heavily on world petroleum prices, however, and further progress toward diversification will be an important challenge in the medium term.)
(economy_gdp#trinidad_and_tobago#purchasing power parity - $16.2 billion {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_real_growth_rate#trinidad_and_tobago#3.5% {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_per_capita#trinidad_and_tobago#$12,100 {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_agriculture#trinidad_and_tobago#4.8%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_industry#trinidad_and_tobago#44.5%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_services#trinidad_and_tobago#50.7% {1995 est.})
(economy_inflation_rate_{consumer_prices}#trinidad_and_tobago#5.4% {1995})
(economy_labor_force#trinidad_and_tobago#404,500)
(economy_labor_force_by_occupation#trinidad_and_tobago#construction and utilities 13%, manufacturing, mining, and quarrying 14%, agriculture 11%, services 62% {1993 est.})
(economy_unemployment_rate#trinidad_and_tobago#17.8% {December 1995})
(economy_budget_revenues#trinidad_and_tobago#$1.65 billion)
(economy_budget_expenditures#trinidad_and_tobago#$1.61 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA {1996 est.})
(economy_industries#trinidad_and_tobago#petroleum, chemicals, tourism, food processing, cement, beverage, cotton textiles)
(economy_industrial_production_growth_rate#trinidad_and_tobago#1% {1994 est.})
(economy_electricity_capacity#trinidad_and_tobago#1,150,000 kW)
(economy_electricity_production#trinidad_and_tobago#3.9 billion kWh)
(economy_electricity_consumption_per_capita#trinidad_and_tobago#2,740 kWh {1993})
(economy_agriculture#trinidad_and_tobago#cocoa, sugarcane, rice, citrus, coffee, vegetables; poultry)
(economy_illicit_drugs#trinidad_and_tobago#transshipment point for South American drugs destined for the US and Europe and producer of cannabis)
(economy_exports#trinidad_and_tobago#$2.2 billion {f.o.b., 1995})
(economy_exports_commodities#trinidad_and_tobago#petroleum and petroleum products, chemicals, steel products, fertilizer, sugar, cocoa, coffee, citrus, flowers)
(economy_exports_partners#trinidad_and_tobago#US 48%, Caricom countries15%, Latin America 9%, EU 5% {1994})
(economy_imports#trinidad_and_tobago#$996 million {c.i.f., 1994})
(economy_imports_commodities#trinidad_and_tobago#machinery, transportation equipment, manufactured goods, food, live animals)
(economy_imports_partners#trinidad_and_tobago#US 47.7%, Venezuela 10%, UK 8.3%, other EU 8% {1994})
(economy_external_debt#trinidad_and_tobago#$2 billion {1994})
(economy_economic_aid_recipient#trinidad_and_tobago#ODA, $10 million {1993})
(economy_currency#trinidad_and_tobago#1 Trinidad and Tobago dollar {TT$} = 100 cents)
(economy_exchange_rates#trinidad_and_tobago#Trinidad and Tobago dollars {TT$} per US$1 - 5.9412 {January 1996}, 5.9192 {1995}, 5.9249 {1994}, 5.3511 {1993}, 4.2500 {fixed rate 1989-1992}; note - effective 13 April 1993, the exchange rate of the TT$ is market-determined as opposed to the prior fixed relationship to the US dollar)
(economy_fiscal_year#trinidad_and_tobago#calendar year)
(transportation_railways_note#trinidad_and_tobago#minimal agricultural railroad system near San Fernando; railway service was discontinued in 1968)
(transportation_highways_total#trinidad_and_tobago#8,352 km)
(transportation_highways_paved#trinidad_and_tobago#3,978 km)
(transportation_highways_unpaved#trinidad_and_tobago#4,374 km {1987 est.})
(transportation_pipelines#trinidad_and_tobago#crude oil 1,032 km; petroleum products 19 km; natural gas 904 km)
(transportation_ports#trinidad_and_tobago#Pointe-a-Pierre, Point Fortin, Point Lisas, Port-of-Spain, Scarborough, Tembladora)
(transportation_merchant_marine_total#trinidad_and_tobago#2 ships {1,000 GRT or over} totaling 2,928 GRT/5,571 DWT)
(transportation_merchant_marine_ships_by_type#trinidad_and_tobago#cargo 1, oil tanker 1 {1995 est.})
(transportation_airports_total#trinidad_and_tobago#5)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_over_3,047_m#trinidad_and_tobago#1)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_2,438_to_3,047_m#trinidad_and_tobago#1)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_under_914_m#trinidad_and_tobago#2)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_914_to_1,523_m#trinidad_and_tobago#1 {1995 est.})
(communications_telephones#trinidad_and_tobago#170,000 {1992 est.})
(communications_telephone_system#trinidad_and_tobago#excellent international service; good local service)
(communications_telephone_system_domestic#trinidad_and_tobago#NA)
(communications_telephone_system_international#trinidad_and_tobago#satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat {Atlantic Ocean}; tropospheric scatter to Barbados and Guyana)
(communications_radio_broadcast_stations#trinidad_and_tobago#AM 2, FM 4, shortwave 0)
(communications_radios#trinidad_and_tobago#700,000 {1993 est.})
(communications_television_broadcast_stations#trinidad_and_tobago#5 {1987 est.})
(communications_televisions#trinidad_and_tobago#400,000 {1992 est.})
(defense_branches#trinidad_and_tobago#Trinidad and Tobago Defense Force {includes Ground Forces, Coast Guard, and Air Wing}, Trinidad and Tobago Police Service)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_age_15-49#trinidad_and_tobago#351,835)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_fit_for_military_service#trinidad_and_tobago#252,532 {1996 est.})
(defense_defense_expenditures#trinidad_and_tobago#exchange rate conversion - $83 million, NA% of GDP {1994})
(header_affiliation#tromelin_island#{possession of France})
(geography_location#tromelin_island#Southern Africa, island in the Indian Ocean, east of Madagascar)
(geography_geographic_coordinates#tromelin_island#15 52 S, 54 25 E)
(geography_map_references#tromelin_island#Africa)
(geography_area_total_area#tromelin_island#1 sq km)
(geography_area_land_area#tromelin_island#1 sq km)
(geography_area_comparative_area#tromelin_island#about 1.7 times the size of The Mall in Washington, DC)
(geography_land_boundaries#tromelin_island#0 km)
(geography_coastline#tromelin_island#3.7 km)
(geography_maritime_claims_contiguous_zone#tromelin_island#12 nm)
(geography_maritime_claims_continental_shelf#tromelin_island#200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation)
(geography_maritime_claims_exclusive_economic_zone#tromelin_island#200 nm)
(geography_maritime_claims_territorial_sea#tromelin_island#12 nm)
(geography_international_disputes#tromelin_island#claimed by Madagascar, Mauritius, and Seychelles)
(geography_climate#tromelin_island#tropical)
(geography_terrain#tromelin_island#sandy)
(geography_terrain_lowest_point#tromelin_island#Indian Ocean 0 m)
(geography_terrain_highest_point#tromelin_island#unnamed location 7 m)
(geography_natural_resources#tromelin_island#fish)
(geography_land_use_arable_land#tromelin_island#0%)
(geography_land_use_permanent_crops#tromelin_island#0%)
(geography_land_use_meadows_and_pastures#tromelin_island#0%)
(geography_land_use_forest_and_woodland#tromelin_island#0%)
(geography_land_use_other#tromelin_island#100% {scattered bushes})
(geography_irrigated_land#tromelin_island#0 sq km)
(geography_environment_current_issues#tromelin_island#NA)
(geography_environment_natural_hazards#tromelin_island#NA)
(geography_environment_international_agreements#tromelin_island#NA)
(geography_geographic_note#tromelin_island#climatologically important location for forecasting cyclones; wildlife sanctuary)
(people_population#tromelin_island#uninhabited)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_long_form#tromelin_island#none)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_short_form#tromelin_island#Tromelin Island)
(government_name_of_country_local_long_form#tromelin_island#none)
(government_name_of_country_local_short_form#tromelin_island#Ile Tromelin)
(government_data_code#tromelin_island#TE)
(government_type_of_government#tromelin_island#French possession administered by Commissioner of the Republic, resident in Reunion)
(government_capital#tromelin_island#none; administered by France from Reunion)
(government_independence#tromelin_island#none {possession of France})
(government_flag#tromelin_island#the flag of France is used)
(economy_economic_overview#tromelin_island#no economic activity)
(transportation_ports#tromelin_island#none; offshore anchorage only)
(transportation_airports_total#tromelin_island#1)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_under_914_m#tromelin_island#1 {1995 est.})
(communications_communications_note#tromelin_island#important meteorological station)
(defense_defense_note#tromelin_island#defense is the responsibility of France)
(geography_location#tunisia#Northern Africa, bordering the Mediterranean Sea, between Algeria and Libya)
(geography_geographic_coordinates#tunisia#34 00 N, 9 00 E)
(geography_map_references#tunisia#Africa)
(geography_area_total_area#tunisia#163,610 sq km)
(geography_area_land_area#tunisia#155,360 sq km)
(geography_area_comparative_area#tunisia#slightly larger than Georgia)
(geography_land_boundaries_total#tunisia#1,424 km)
(geography_land_boundaries_border_countries#tunisia#Algeria 965 km, Libya 459 km)
(geography_coastline#tunisia#1,148 km)
(geography_maritime_claims_contiguous_zone#tunisia#24 nm)
(geography_maritime_claims_territorial_sea#tunisia#12 nm)
(geography_international_disputes#tunisia#maritime boundary dispute with Libya; land boundary dispute with Algeria settled in 1993; Malta and Tunisia are discussing the commercial exploitation of the continental shelf between their countries, particularly for oil exploration)
(geography_climate#tunisia#temperate in north with mild, rainy winters and hot, dry summers; desert in south)
(geography_terrain#tunisia#mountains in north; hot, dry central plain; semiarid south merges into the Sahara)
(geography_terrain_lowest_point#tunisia#Shatt al Gharsah -17 m)
(geography_terrain_highest_point#tunisia#Jabal ash Shanabi 1,544 m)
(geography_natural_resources#tunisia#petroleum, phosphates, iron ore, lead, zinc, salt)
(geography_land_use_arable_land#tunisia#20%)
(geography_land_use_permanent_crops#tunisia#10%)
(geography_land_use_meadows_and_pastures#tunisia#19%)
(geography_land_use_forest_and_woodland#tunisia#4%)
(geography_land_use_other#tunisia#47%)
(geography_irrigated_land#tunisia#2,750 sq km {1989})
(geography_environment_current_issues#tunisia#toxic and hazardous waste disposal is ineffective and presents human health risks; water pollution from raw sewage; limited natural fresh water resources; deforestation; overgrazing; soil erosion; desertification)
(geography_environment_natural_hazards#tunisia#NA)
(geography_environment_international_agreements#tunisia#party to - Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands; signed, but not ratified - Hazardous Wastes, Marine Life Conservation)
(geography_geographic_note#tunisia#strategic location in central Mediterranean)
(people_population#tunisia#9,019,687 {July 1996 est.})
(people_age_structure_0-14_years#tunisia#34% {male 1,583,636; female 1,489,784})
(people_age_structure_15-64_years#tunisia#61% {male 2,738,013; female 2,719,998})
(people_age_structure_65_years_and_over#tunisia#5% {male 254,403; female 233,853} {July 1996 est.})
(people_population_growth_rate#tunisia#1.81% {1996 est.})
(people_birth_rate#tunisia#24.03 births/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_death_rate#tunisia#5.18 deaths/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_net_migration_rate#tunisia#-0.74 migrant{s}/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_sex_ratio_at_birth#tunisia#1.08 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_under_15_years#tunisia#1.06 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_15-64_years#tunisia#1.01 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_65_years_and_over#tunisia#1.09 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_all_ages#tunisia#1.03 male{s}/female {1996 est.})
(people_infant_mortality_rate#tunisia#35.1 deaths/1,000 live births {1996 est.})
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_total_population#tunisia#72.6 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_male#tunisia#71.27 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_female#tunisia#74.03 years {1996 est.})
(people_total_fertility_rate#tunisia#2.92 children born/woman {1996 est.})
(people_nationality_noun#tunisia#Tunisian{s})
(people_nationality_adjective#tunisia#Tunisian)
(people_ethnic_divisions#tunisia#Arab-Berber 98%, European 1%, Jewish less than 1%)
(people_religions#tunisia#Muslim 98%, Christian 1%, Jewish 1%)
(people_languages#tunisia#Arabic {official and one of the languages of commerce}, French {commerce})
(people_literacy#tunisia#age 15 and over can read and write {1995 est.})
(people_literacy_total_population#tunisia#66.7%)
(people_literacy_male#tunisia#78.6%)
(people_literacy_female#tunisia#54.6%)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_long_form#tunisia#Republic of Tunisia)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_short_form#tunisia#Tunisia)
(government_name_of_country_local_long_form#tunisia#Al Jumhuriyah at Tunisiyah)
(government_name_of_country_local_short_form#tunisia#Tunis)
(government_data_code#tunisia#TS)
(government_type_of_government#tunisia#republic)
(government_capital#tunisia#Tunis)
(government_administrative_divisions#tunisia#23 governorates; Beja, Ben Arous, Bizerte, Gabes, Gafsa, Jendouba, Kairouan, Kasserine, Kebili, L'Ariana, Le Kef, Mahdia, Medenine, Monastir, Nabeul, Sfax, Sidi Bou Zid, Siliana, Sousse, Tataouine, Tozeur, Tunis, Zaghouan)
(government_independence#tunisia#20 March 1956 {from France})
(government_national_holiday#tunisia#National Day, 20 March {1956})
(government_constitution#tunisia#1 June 1959; amended 12 July 1988)
(government_legal_system#tunisia#based on French civil law system and Islamic law; some judicial review of legislative acts in the Supreme Court in joint session)
(government_suffrage#tunisia#20 years of age; universal)
(government_executive_branch_chief_of_state#tunisia#President Zine El Abidine BEN ALI {since 7 November 1987} was reelected for a five-year term by universal suffrage; election last held 20 March 1994 {next to be held NA 1999}; results - President Zine El Abidine BEN ALI was reelected without opposition)
(government_executive_branch_head_of_government#tunisia#Prime Minister Hamed KAROUI {since 26 September 1989} was appointed by the president)
(government_executive_branch_cabinet#tunisia#Council of Ministers was appointed by the president)
(government_legislative_branch#tunisia#unicameral)
(government_chamber_of_deputies_{majlis_al-nuwaab}#tunisia#elections last held 20 March 1994 {next to be held NA 1999}; results - RCD 97.7%, MDS 1.0%, others 1.3%; seats - {163 total} RCD 144, MDS 10, others 9; note - the government changed the electoral code to guarantee that the opposition won seats)
(government_judicial_branch#tunisia#Court of Cassation {Cour de Cassation})
(government_political_parties_and_leaders#tunisia#Constitutional Democratic Rally Party {RCD}, President BEN ALI {official ruling party}; Movement of Democratic Socialists {MDS}, Mohammed MOUAADA; five other political parties are legal, including the Communist Party)
(government_other_political_or_pressure_groups#tunisia#the Islamic fundamentalist party, An Nahda {Rebirth}, is outlawed)
(government_international_organization_participation#tunisia#ABEDA, ACCT, AfDB, AFESD, AL, AMF, AMU, BSEC {observer}, CCC, ECA, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, ISO, ITU, MINURSO, NAM, OAS {observer}, OAU, OIC, OSCE {partner}, UN, UNAMIR, UNCRO, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNITAR, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_chief_of_mission#tunisia#Ambassador Mohamed Azzouz ENNAIFER)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_chancery#tunisia#1515 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20005)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_telephone#tunisia#[1] {202} 862-1850)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_chief_of_mission#tunisia#Ambassador Mary Ann CASEY)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_embassy#tunisia#144 Avenue de la Liberte, 1002 Tunis-Belvedere)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_mailing_address#tunisia#use embassy street address)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_telephone#tunisia#[216] {1} 782-566)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_fax#tunisia#[216] {1} 789-719)
(government_flag#tunisia#red with a white disk in the center bearing a red crescent nearly encircling a red five-pointed star; the crescent and star are traditional symbols of Islam)
(economy_economic_overview#tunisia#Tunisia has a diverse economy, with important agricultural, mining, energy, tourism, and manufacturing sectors. Detailed governmental control of economic affairs has gradually lessened over the past decade, including increasing privatization of trade and commerce, simplification of the tax structure, and a cautious approach to debt. Real growth has averaged 4.2% in 1991-95, and inflation has been moderate. Growth in tourism and IMF support have been key elements in this solid record. Drought, especially in the south, held back GDP growth in 1995. Further privatization and further improvements in government administrative efficiency are among the challenges for the future.)
(economy_gdp#tunisia#purchasing power parity - $37.1 billion {1994 est.})
(economy_gdp_real_growth_rate#tunisia#4.4% {1994 est.})
(economy_gdp_per_capita#tunisia#$4,250 {1994 est.})
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_agriculture#tunisia#15%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_industry#tunisia#30%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_services#tunisia#55% {1995 est.})
(economy_inflation_rate_{consumer_prices}#tunisia#5.5% {1995 est.})
(economy_labor_force#tunisia#2.917 million {1993 est.})
(economy_labor_force_by_occupation#tunisia#services 55%, industry 23%, agriculture 22% {1995 est.})
(economy_labor_force_note#tunisia#shortage of skilled labor)
(economy_unemployment_rate#tunisia#16.2% {1993 est.})
(economy_budget_revenues#tunisia#$4.3 billion)
(economy_budget_expenditures#tunisia#$5.5 billion, including capital expenditures to $NA {1993 est.})
(economy_industries#tunisia#petroleum, mining {particularly phosphate and iron ore}, tourism, textiles, footwear, food, beverages)
(economy_industrial_production_growth_rate#tunisia#5% {1989})
(economy_electricity_capacity#tunisia#1,410,000 kW)
(economy_electricity_production#tunisia#5.4 billion kWh)
(economy_electricity_consumption_per_capita#tunisia#595 kWh {1993})
(economy_agriculture#tunisia#olives, dates, oranges, almonds, grain, sugar beets, grapes; poultry, beef, dairy products)
(economy_exports#tunisia#$4.7 billion {f.o.b., 1994})
(economy_exports_commodities#tunisia#hydrocarbons, agricultural products, phosphates and chemicals)
(economy_exports_partners#tunisia#EU countries 75%, Middle East 10%, Algeria 2%, India 2%, US 1%)
(economy_imports#tunisia#$6.6 billion {c.i.f., 1994})
(economy_imports_commodities#tunisia#industrial goods and equipment 57%, hydrocarbons 13%, food 12%, consumer goods)
(economy_imports_partners#tunisia#EU countries 70%, US 5%, Middle East 2%, Japan 2%, Switzerland 1%, Algeria 1%)
(economy_external_debt#tunisia#$7.7 billion {1993 est.})
(economy_economic_aid_recipient#tunisia#ODA, $221 million {1993})
(economy_currency#tunisia#1 Tunisian dinar {TD} = 1,000 millimes)
(economy_exchange_rates#tunisia#Tunisian dinars {TD} per US$1 - 0.9635 {January 1996}, 0.9458 {1995}, 1.0116 {1994}, 1.0037 {1993}, 0.8844 {1992}, 0.9246 {1991})
(economy_fiscal_year#tunisia#calendar year)
(transportation_railways_total#tunisia#2,260 km)
(transportation_railways_standard_gauge#tunisia#492 km 1.435-m gauge)
(transportation_railways_narrow_gauge#tunisia#1,758 km 1.000-m gauge)
(transportation_railways_dual_gauge#tunisia#10 km 1.000-m and 1.435-m gauges {1993 est.})
(transportation_highways_total#tunisia#29,183 km)
(transportation_highways_paved#tunisia#17,510 km {including 52 km of expressways})
(transportation_highways_unpaved#tunisia#11,673 km {1989 est.})
(transportation_pipelines#tunisia#crude oil 797 km; petroleum products 86 km; natural gas 742 km)
(transportation_ports#tunisia#Bizerte, Gabes, La Goulette, Sfax, Sousse, Tunis, Zarzis)
(transportation_merchant_marine_total#tunisia#19 ships {1,000 GRT or over} totaling 125,840 GRT/164,277 DWT)
(transportation_merchant_marine_ships_by_type#tunisia#bulk 6, cargo 4, chemical tanker 3, oil tanker 2, roll-on/roll-off cargo 3, short-sea passenger 1 {1995 est.})
(transportation_airports_total#tunisia#29)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_over_3,047_m#tunisia#3)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_2,438_to_3,047_m#tunisia#6)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_1,524_to_2,437_m#tunisia#3)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_914_to_1,523_m#tunisia#3)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_under_914_m#tunisia#6)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_1,524_to_2,437_m#tunisia#2)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_914_to_1,523_m#tunisia#6 {1995 est.})
(communications_telephones#tunisia#233,000 {1987 est.})
(communications_telephone_system#tunisia#the system is above the African average; key centers are Sfax, Sousse, Bizerte, and Tunis)
(communications_telephone_system_domestic#tunisia#trunk facilities consist of open-wire lines, coaxial cable, and microwave radio relay)
(communications_telephone_system_international#tunisia#5 submarine cables; satellite earth stations - 1 Intelsat {Atlantic Ocean} and 1 Arabsat with back-up control station; coaxial cable and microwave radio relay to Algeria and Libya; participant in Medarabtel)
(communications_radio_broadcast_stations#tunisia#AM 7, FM 8, shortwave 0)
(communications_radios#tunisia#1,693,527 {1991 est.})
(communications_television_broadcast_stations#tunisia#19)
(communications_televisions#tunisia#670,000 {1992 est.})
(defense_branches#tunisia#Army, Navy, Air Force, paramilitary forces, National Guard)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_age_15-49#tunisia#2,354,513)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_fit_for_military_service#tunisia#1,349,728)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_reach_military_age_{20}_annually#tunisia#91,866 {1996 est.})
(defense_defense_expenditures#tunisia#exchange rate conversion - $535 million, 2.8% of GDP {1995})
(geography_location#turkey#Southwestern Asia {that part west of the Bosporus is sometimes included with Europe}, bordering the Black Sea, between Bulgaria and Georgia, and bordering the Aegean Sea and the Mediterranean Sea, between Greece and Syria)
(geography_geographic_coordinates#turkey#39 00 N, 35 00 E)
(geography_map_references#turkey#Middle East)
(geography_area_total_area#turkey#780,580 sq km)
(geography_area_land_area#turkey#770,760 sq km)
(geography_area_comparative_area#turkey#slightly larger than Texas)
(geography_land_boundaries_total#turkey#2,627 km)
(geography_land_boundaries_border_countries#turkey#Armenia 268 km, Azerbaijan 9 km, Bulgaria 240 km, Georgia 252 km, Greece 206 km, Iran 499 km, Iraq 331 km, Syria 822 km)
(geography_coastline#turkey#7,200 km)
(geography_maritime_claims_exclusive_economic_zone#turkey#in Black Sea only - to the maritime boundary agreed upon with the former USSR)
(geography_maritime_claims_territorial_sea#turkey#6 nm in the Aegean Sea,; 12 nm in the Black Sea and in the Mediterranean Sea)
(geography_international_disputes#turkey#complex maritime, air and territorial disputes with Greece in Aegean Sea; Cyprus question; Hatay question with Syria; dispute with downstream riparians {Syria and Iraq} over water development plans for the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers)
(geography_climate#turkey#temperate; hot, dry summers with mild, wet winters; harsher in interior)
(geography_terrain#turkey#mostly mountains; narrow coastal plain; high central plateau {Anatolia})
(geography_terrain_lowest_point#turkey#Mediterranean Sea 0 m)
(geography_terrain_highest_point#turkey#Mount Ararat 5,166 m)
(geography_natural_resources#turkey#antimony, coal, chromium, mercury, copper, borate, sulfur, iron ore)
(geography_land_use_arable_land#turkey#30%)
(geography_land_use_permanent_crops#turkey#4%)
(geography_land_use_meadows_and_pastures#turkey#12%)
(geography_land_use_forest_and_woodland#turkey#26%)
(geography_land_use_other#turkey#28%)
(geography_irrigated_land#turkey#22,200 sq km {1989 est.})
(geography_environment_current_issues#turkey#water pollution from dumping of chemicals and detergents; air pollution, particularly in urban areas; deforestation)
(geography_environment_natural_hazards#turkey#very severe earthquakes, especially in northern Turkey, along an arc extending from the Sea of Marmara to Lake Van)
(geography_environment_international_agreements#turkey#party to - Air Pollution, Hazardous Wastes, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands, Whaling; signed, but not ratified - Biodiversity, Desertification, Environmental Modification)
(geography_geographic_note#turkey#strategic location controlling the Turkish Straits {Bosporus, Sea of Marmara, Dardanelles} that link Black and Aegean Seas)
(people_population#turkey#62,484,478 {July 1996 est.})
(people_age_structure_0-14_years#turkey#32% {male 10,192,195; female 9,836,045})
(people_age_structure_15-64_years#turkey#62% {male 19,859,717; female 19,187,769})
(people_age_structure_65_years_and_over#turkey#6% {male 1,571,451; female 1,837,301} {July 1996 est.})
(people_population_growth_rate#turkey#1.67% {1996 est.})
(people_birth_rate#turkey#22.26 births/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_death_rate#turkey#5.52 deaths/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_net_migration_rate#turkey#0 migrant{s}/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_sex_ratio_at_birth#turkey#1.05 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_under_15_years#turkey#1.04 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_15-64_years#turkey#1.04 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_65_years_and_over#turkey#0.86 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_all_ages#turkey#1.02 male{s}/female {1996 est.})
(people_infant_mortality_rate#turkey#43.2 deaths/1,000 live births {1996 est.})
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_total_population#turkey#71.92 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_male#turkey#69.53 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_female#turkey#74.43 years {1996 est.})
(people_total_fertility_rate#turkey#2.58 children born/woman {1996 est.})
(people_nationality_noun#turkey#Turk{s})
(people_nationality_adjective#turkey#Turkish)
(people_ethnic_divisions#turkey#Turkish 80%, Kurdish 20%)
(people_religions#turkey#Muslim 99.8% {mostly Sunni}, other 0.2% {Christian and Jews})
(people_languages#turkey#Turkish {official}, Kurdish, Arabic)
(people_literacy#turkey#age 15 and over can read and write {1995 est.})
(people_literacy_total_population#turkey#82.3%)
(people_literacy_male#turkey#91.7%)
(people_literacy_female#turkey#72.4%)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_long_form#turkey#Republic of Turkey)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_short_form#turkey#Turkey)
(government_name_of_country_local_long_form#turkey#Turkiye Cumhuriyeti)
(government_name_of_country_local_short_form#turkey#Turkiye)
(government_data_code#turkey#TU)
(government_type_of_government#turkey#republican parliamentary democracy)
(government_capital#turkey#Ankara)
(government_administrative_divisions#turkey#79 provinces {iller, singular - il}; Adana, Adiyaman, Afyon, Agri, Aksaray, Amasya, Ankara, Antalya, Ardahan, Artvin, Aydin, Balikesir, Bartin, Batman, Bayburt, Bilecik, Bingol, Bitlis, Bolu, Burdur, Bursa, Canakkale, Cankiri, Corum, Denizli, Diyarbakir, Edirne, Elazig, Erzincan, Erzurum, Eskisehir, Gazi Antep, Giresun, Gumushane, Hakkari, Hatay, Icel, Iggdir, Isparta, Istanbul, Izmir, Kahraman Maras, Karabuk, Karaman, Kars, Kastamonu, Kayseri, Kilis, Kirikkale, Kirklareli, Kirsehir, Kocaeli, Konya, Kutahya, Malatya, Manisa, Mardin, Mugla, Mus, Nevsehir, Nigde, Ordu, Rize, Sakarya, Samsun, Sanli Urfa, Siirt, Sinop, Sirnak, Sivas, Tekirdag, Tokat, Trabzon, Tunceli, Usak, Van, Yalova, Yozgat, Zonguldak)
(government_administrative_divisions_note#turkey#Karabuk, Kilis, and Yalova are three new Turkish provinces mentioned in the 24 December 1995 election results)
(government_independence#turkey#29 October 1923 {successor state to the Ottoman Empire})
(government_national_holiday#turkey#Anniversary of the Declaration of the Republic, 29 October {1923})
(government_constitution#turkey#7 November 1982)
(government_legal_system#turkey#derived from various continental legal systems; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations)
(government_suffrage#turkey#18 years of age; universal)
(government_executive_branch_chief_of_state#turkey#President Suleyman DEMIREL {since 16 May 1993} was elected for a seven-year term by the National Assembly)
(government_executive_branch_head_of_government#turkey#Prime Minister Mesut YILMAZ {since 12 March 1996} and Deputy Prime Minister Nahit MENTESE {since 12 March 1996} were appointed by the president)
(government_national_security_council#turkey#advisory body to the president and the cabinet)
(government_national_security_council_cabinet#turkey#Council of Ministers was appointed by the president on nomination of the prime minister)
(government_legislative_branch#turkey#unicameral)
(government_grand_national_assembly_of_turkey#turkey#{Turkiye Buyuk Millet Meclisi} elections last held 24 December 1995 {next to be held by December 2000}; results - RP 21.38%, DYP 19.18%, ANAP 19.65%, DSP 14.64%, CHP 10.71%, independent 0.48%; seats - 550 total} RP 158, DYP 135, ANAP 133, DSP 75, CHP 49)
(government_grand_national_assembly_of_turkey_note#turkey#seats held by various parties are subject to change due to defections, creation of new parties, and ouster or death of sitting deputies; current seats by party are as follows: RP 158, DYP 135, ANAP 126, DSP 75, CHP 49, BBP 7)
(government_judicial_branch#turkey#Constitutional Court, judges appointed by the president; Court of Appeals, judges are elected by the Supreme Council of Judges and Prosecutors)
(government_political_parties_and_leaders#turkey#True Path Party {DYP}, Tansu CILLER; Motherland Party {ANAP}, Mesut YILMAZ; Welfare Party {RP}, Necmettin ERBAKAN; Democratic Left Party {DSP}, Bulent ECEVIT; Nationalist Action Party {MHP}, Alparslan TURKES; New Party {YP}, Yusuf Bozkurt OZAL; Republican People's Party {CHP}, Deniz BAYKAL; Workers' Party {IP}, Dogu PERINCEK; Nation Party {MP}, Aykut EDIBALI; Democrat Party {DP}, Murat UZMAN; Grand Unity Party {BBP}, Muhsin YAZICIOGLU; Rebirth Party {YDP}, Hasan Celal GUZEL; People's Democracy Party {HADEP}, Murat BOZLAK; Main Path Party {ANAYOL}, Gurcan BASER; Democratic Target Party {DHP}, Abdulkadir Yasar TURK; Liberal Party {LP}, Besim TIBUK; New Democracy Movement {YDH}, Cem BOYNER; Labor Party {EP}, Abdullah Levent TUZER; Democracy and Peace Party {DBP}, Refik KARAKOC; Freedom and Solidarity Praty {ODP}, Ufuk URAS)
(government_other_political_or_pressure_groups#turkey#Turkish Confederation of Labor {Turk-Is}, Bayram MERAL; Confederation of Revolutionary Workers Unions {DISK}, Ridvan BUDAK; Moral Rights Workers Union {Hak-Is}, Salim USLU; Turkish Industrialists' and Businessmen's Association {TUSIAD}, Halis KOMILI; Turkish Union of Chambers of Commerce and Commodity Exchanges {TOBB}, Ali Osman ULUSOY; Turkish Confederation of Employers' Unions {TISK}, Refik BAYDUR; Independent Industrialists and Businessmen's Association {MUSIAD}, Erol YARAR)
(government_international_organization_participation#turkey#AsDB, BIS, BSEC, CCC, CE, CERN {observer}, EBRD, ECE, ECO, FAO, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Inmarsat, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, IOM {observer}, ISO, ITU, NACC, NATO, NEA, OECD, OIC, OSCE, PCA, UN, UNCRO, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIKOM, UNOMIG, UNRWA, UPU, WEU {associate}, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_chief_of_mission#turkey#Ambassador Nuzhet KANDEMIR)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_chancery#turkey#1714 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20036)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_telephone#turkey#[1] {202} 659-8200)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_consulate{s}_general#turkey#Chicago, Houston, Los Angeles, and New York)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_chief_of_mission#turkey#Ambassador Marc GROSSMAN)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_embassy#turkey#110 Ataturk Boulevard, Ankara)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_mailing_address#turkey#PSC 93, Box 5000, APO AE 09823)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_telephone#turkey#[90] {312} 468-6110)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_fax#turkey#[90] {312} 467-0019)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_consulate{s}_general#turkey#Istanbul)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_consulate{s}#turkey#Adana)
(government_flag#turkey#red with a vertical white crescent {the closed portion is toward the hoist side} and white five-pointed star centered just outside the crescent opening)
(economy_economic_overview#turkey#The Turkish economy consists of a mixture, on the one hand, of modern industry and commerce, and, on the other hand, of time-honored village agriculture and crafts. Since World War II, it has become increasingly integrated into the West European economic arena, for example, as a member of OECD. The economy has improved significantly since the 1994 crisis, when the economy experienced a sharp drop and inflation hit triple digits. The crisis - sparked by the downgrading in January 1994 of Turkey's international credit rating by two US rating agencies - stemmed from years of loose monetary and fiscal policies that had exacerbated inflation and allowed the public debt, money supply, and current account deficit to explode. In April 1994, then Prime Minister CILLER introduced a stabilization package that paved the way for a $950 million IMF standby loan. However, because the government missed key macroeconomic targets in 1995 and the December national election produced months of political wrangling, the IMF put the agreement - and release of remaining funds - on hold. The new center-right minority government that finally has emerged will find it difficult to balance the need for new austerity measures and tough structural reforms with the pressure for continued buoyant growth. Ankara is also likely to face internal opposition to policies it must implement as part of the Turkey-EU customs union agreement - which came into force on 1 January 1996 - because many industries are unfit for EU competition and much-needed revenues will decline with the elimination of import tariffs and surcharges. Meanwhile, Ankara's heavy debt repayment schedule in 1996 makes it necessary for Turkish leaders to bolster the confidence of both domestic and foreign investors.)
(economy_gdp#turkey#purchasing power parity - $345.7 billion {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_real_growth_rate#turkey#6.8% {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_per_capita#turkey#$5,500 {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_agriculture#turkey#15.5%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_industry#turkey#33.2%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_services#turkey#51.3% {1994})
(economy_inflation_rate_{consumer_prices}#turkey#94% {1995})
(economy_labor_force#turkey#20.9 million)
(economy_labor_force_by_occupation#turkey#agriculture 46%, services 31%, industry 23%)
(economy_labor_force_note#turkey#about 1.5 million Turks work abroad {1994})
(economy_unemployment_rate#turkey#10.2% {1995 est.})
(economy_budget_revenues#turkey#$30.2 billion)
(economy_budget_expenditures#turkey#$35 billion, including capital expenditures of $2.8 billion {1995})
(economy_industries#turkey#textiles, food processing, mining {coal, chromite, copper, boron}, steel, petroleum, construction, lumber, paper)
(economy_industrial_production_growth_rate#turkey#8.8% {1995})
(economy_electricity_capacity#turkey#18,710,000 kW)
(economy_electricity_production#turkey#71 billion kWh)
(economy_electricity_consumption_per_capita#turkey#1,079 kWh {1993})
(economy_agriculture#turkey#tobacco, cotton, grain, olives, sugar beets, pulses, citrus; livestock)
(economy_illicit_drugs#turkey#major transit route for Southwest Asian heroin and hashish to Western Europe and the US via air, land, and sea routes; major Turkish, Iranian, and other international trafficking organizations operate out of Istanbul; laboratories to convert imported morphine base into heroin are in remote regions of Turkey as well as near Istanbul; government maintains strict controls over areas of legal opium poppy cultivation and output of poppy straw concentrate)
(economy_exports#turkey#$20.7 billion {f.o.b., 1995 est.})
(economy_exports_commodities#turkey#textiles and apparel 37%, steel products 12%, fruits and vegetables 11% {1994})
(economy_exports_partners#turkey#Germany 22%, Russia 8%, US 8%, Italy 6% {1994})
(economy_imports#turkey#$32.6 billion {f.o.b., 1995 est.})
(economy_imports_commodities#turkey#machinery 25%, fuels 17%, raw materials 11%, foodstuffs 5% {1994})
(economy_imports_partners#turkey#Germany 16%, US 10%, Italy 9%, Russia 8% {1994})
(economy_external_debt#turkey#$73.8 billion {1995 est.})
(economy_economic_aid_recipient#turkey#ODA, $195 million {1993})
(economy_economic_aid_note#turkey#aid for Gulf war efforts from coalition allies {1991}, $4.1 billion; aid pledged for Turkish Defense Fund, $2.5 billion)
(economy_currency#turkey#Turkish lira {TL})
(economy_exchange_rates#turkey#Turkish liras {TL} per US$1 - 60,502.1 {January 1996}, 45,845.1 {1995}, 29,608.7 {1994}, 10,984.6 {1993}, 6,872.4 {1992}, 4,171.8 {1991})
(economy_fiscal_year#turkey#calendar year)
(transportation_railways_total#turkey#10,386 km)
(transportation_railways_standard_gauge#turkey#10,386 km 1.435-m gauge {1,088 km electrified})
(transportation_highways_total#turkey#386,704 km)
(transportation_highways_paved#turkey#45,683 km {including 862 km of expressways})
(transportation_highways_unpaved#turkey#341,021 km {1992 est.})
(transportation_waterways#turkey#about 1,200 km)
(transportation_pipelines#turkey#crude oil 1,738 km; petroleum products 2,321 km; natural gas 708 km)
(transportation_ports#turkey#Gemlik, Hopa, Iskenderun, Istanbul, Izmir, Izmit, Mersin, Samsun, Trabzon)
(transportation_merchant_marine_total#turkey#465 ships {1,000 GRT or over} totaling 5,509,741 GRT/9,494,434 DWT)
(transportation_merchant_marine_ships_by_type#turkey#bulk 139, cargo 212, chemical tanker 18, combination bulk 7, combination ore/oil 12, container 2, liquefied gas tanker 4, livestock carrier 1, oil tanker 43, passenger-cargo 1, refrigerated cargo 2, roll-on/roll-off cargo 15, short-sea passenger 7, specialized tanker 2)
(transportation_merchant_marine_note#turkey#Turkey owns an additional 18 ships {1,000 GRT or over} totaling 247,369 DWT operating under the registries of Malta, Panama, Libya, and Greece {1995 est.})
(transportation_airports_total#turkey#104)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_over_3,047_m#turkey#17)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_2,438_to_3,047_m#turkey#19)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_1,524_to_2,437_m#turkey#12)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_914_to_1,523_m#turkey#18)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_under_914_m#turkey#28)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_1,524_to_2,437_m#turkey#2)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_914_to_1,523_m#turkey#8 {1995 est.})
(transportation_heliports#turkey#2 {1995 est.})
(communications_telephones#turkey#6.89 million {1990 est.})
(communications_telephone_system#turkey#fair domestic and international systems)
(communications_telephone_system_domestic#turkey#trunk microwave radio relay network; limited open-wire network)
(communications_telephone_system_international#turkey#satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat {Atlantic Ocean}, 1 Eutelsat, and 2 Inmarsat {Indian and Atlantic Ocean regions}; 1 submarine cable)
(communications_radio_broadcast_stations#turkey#AM 15, FM 94, shortwave 0)
(communications_radios#turkey#9.4 million {1992 est.})
(communications_television_broadcast_stations#turkey#357)
(communications_televisions#turkey#10.53 million {1993 est.})
(defense_branches#turkey#Land Forces, Navy {includes Naval Air and Naval Infantry}, Air Force, Coast Guard, Gendarmerie)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_age_15-49#turkey#16,937,828)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_fit_for_military_service#turkey#10,312,010)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_reach_military_age_{20}_annually#turkey#637,456 {1996 est.})
(defense_defense_expenditures#turkey#exchange rate conversion - $6.0 billion, 4% of GDP {1995}; note - figures do not include about $7 billion for the government's counterinsurgency effort against the separatist Kurdistan Workers' Party {PKK})
(geography_location#turkmenistan#Central Asia, bordering the Caspian Sea, between Iran and Kazakstan)
(geography_geographic_coordinates#turkmenistan#40 00 N, 60 00 E)
(geography_map_references#turkmenistan#Commonwealth of Independent States)
(geography_area_total_area#turkmenistan#488,100 sq km)
(geography_area_land_area#turkmenistan#488,100 sq km)
(geography_area_comparative_area#turkmenistan#slightly larger than California)
(geography_land_boundaries_total#turkmenistan#3,736 km)
(geography_land_boundaries_border_countries#turkmenistan#Afghanistan 744 km, Iran 992 km, Kazakstan 379 km, Uzbekistan 1,621 km)
(geography_coastline#turkmenistan#0 km)
(geography_coastline_note#turkmenistan#Turkmenistan borders the Caspian Sea {1,768 km})
(geography_maritime_claims#turkmenistan#none {landlocked})
(geography_international_disputes#turkmenistan#Caspian Sea boundaries are not yet determined)
(geography_climate#turkmenistan#subtropical desert)
(geography_terrain#turkmenistan#flat-to-rolling sandy desert with dunes rising to mountains in the south; low mountains along border with Iran; borders Caspian Sea in west)
(geography_terrain_lowest_point#turkmenistan#Sarygamysh Koli -110 m)
(geography_terrain_highest_point#turkmenistan#Ayrybaba 3,139 m)
(geography_natural_resources#turkmenistan#petroleum, natural gas, coal, sulfur, salt)
(geography_land_use_arable_land#turkmenistan#2%)
(geography_land_use_permanent_crops#turkmenistan#0%)
(geography_land_use_meadows_and_pastures#turkmenistan#69%)
(geography_land_use_forest_and_woodland#turkmenistan#0%)
(geography_land_use_other#turkmenistan#29%)
(geography_irrigated_land#turkmenistan#12,450 sq km {1990})
(geography_environment_current_issues#turkmenistan#contamination of soil and groundwater with agricultural chemicals, pesticides; salinization, water-logging of soil due to poor irrigation methods; Caspian Sea pollution; diversion of a large share of the flow of the Amu Darya into irrigation contributes to that river's inability to replenish the Aral Sea; desertification)
(geography_environment_natural_hazards#turkmenistan#NA)
(geography_environment_international_agreements#turkmenistan#party to - Ozone Layer Protection; signed, but not ratified - Climate Change, Desertification)
(geography_geographic_note#turkmenistan#landlocked)
(people_population#turkmenistan#4,149,283 {July 1996 est.})
(people_age_structure_0-14_years#turkmenistan#39% {male 826,637; female 804,385})
(people_age_structure_15-64_years#turkmenistan#56% {male 1,154,415; female 1,188,173})
(people_age_structure_65_years_and_over#turkmenistan#5% {male 65,447; female 110,226} {July 1996 est.})
(people_population_growth_rate#turkmenistan#1.82% {1996 est.})
(people_birth_rate#turkmenistan#29.12 births/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_death_rate#turkmenistan#8.89 deaths/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_net_migration_rate#turkmenistan#-2.08 migrant{s}/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_sex_ratio_at_birth#turkmenistan#1.05 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_under_15_years#turkmenistan#1.03 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_15-64_years#turkmenistan#0.97 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_65_years_and_over#turkmenistan#0.59 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_all_ages#turkmenistan#0.97 male{s}/female {1996 est.})
(people_infant_mortality_rate#turkmenistan#81.6 deaths/1,000 live births {1996 est.})
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_total_population#turkmenistan#61.48 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_male#turkmenistan#56.68 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_female#turkmenistan#66.52 years {1996 est.})
(people_total_fertility_rate#turkmenistan#3.62 children born/woman {1996 est.})
(people_nationality_noun#turkmenistan#Turkmen{s})
(people_nationality_adjective#turkmenistan#Turkmen)
(people_ethnic_divisions#turkmenistan#Turkmen 73.3%, Russian 9.8%, Uzbek 9%, Kazak 2%, other 5.9%)
(people_religions#turkmenistan#Muslim 87%, Eastern Orthodox 11%, unknown 2%)
(people_languages#turkmenistan#Turkmen 72%, Russian 12%, Uzbek 9%, other 7%)
(people_literacy#turkmenistan#age 15 and over can read and write {1989 est.})
(people_literacy_total_population#turkmenistan#98%)
(people_literacy_male#turkmenistan#99%)
(people_literacy_female#turkmenistan#97%)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_long_form#turkmenistan#none)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_short_form#turkmenistan#Turkmenistan)
(government_name_of_country_local_long_form#turkmenistan#none)
(government_name_of_country_local_short_form#turkmenistan#Turkmenistan)
(government_name_of_country_former#turkmenistan#Turkmen Soviet Socialist Republic)
(government_data_code#turkmenistan#TX)
(government_type_of_government#turkmenistan#republic)
(government_capital#turkmenistan#Ashgabat)
(government_administrative_divisions#turkmenistan#5 welayatlar {singular - welayat}: Ahal Welayaty {Ashgabat}, Balkan Welayaty {Nebitdag}, Dashhowuz Welayaty {formerly Tashauz}, Lebap Welayaty {Charjew}, Mary Welayaty)
(government_administrative_divisions_note#turkmenistan#names in parentheses are administrative centers when name differs from welayat name)
(government_independence#turkmenistan#27 October 1991 {from the Soviet Union})
(government_national_holiday#turkmenistan#Independence Day, 27 October {1991})
(government_constitution#turkmenistan#adopted 18 May 1992)
(government_legal_system#turkmenistan#based on civil law system)
(government_suffrage#turkmenistan#18 years of age; universal)
(government_executive_branch_chief_of_state#turkmenistan#President Saparmurat NIYAZOV {since 27 October 1990, when the first direct presidential election occured} was elected to a five-year term by universal suffrage; election last held 21 June 1992 {next to be held NA 2002}; results - Saparmurad NIYAZOV 99.5% {ran unopposed}; note - a 15 January 1994 referendum extended NIYAZOV's term an additional five years until 2002 {99.99% approval})
(government_executive_branch_head_of_government#turkmenistan#Prime Minister {vacant}; Deputy Prime Ministers Mukhamed ABALAKOV {since NA}, Babamurad BAZAROV {since NA}, Hekim ISHANOV {since NA}, Valeriy OTCHERTSOV {since NA}, Yagmur OVEZOV {since NA}, Matkarim RAJAPOV {since NA}, Pirkuly ODEYEV {since NA}, Rejep SAPAROV {since NA}, Boris SHIKHMURADOV {since NA}, Batyr SARJAYEV {since NA}, Amannazar ILAMANOV {since NA}, Ilaman SHYKHYYEV {since NA} were appointed by the president)
(government_executive_branch_cabinet#turkmenistan#Council of Ministers was appointed by the president)
(government_executive_branch_note#turkmenistan#NIYAZOV has been asked by various local groups, most recently on 26 October 1995 at the annual elders meeting, to be "president for life," but that would require an amendment to the constitution)
(government_legislative_branch#turkmenistan#under the 1992 constitution, there are two parliamentary bodies, a unicameral People's Council {Halk Maslahaty - having more than 100 members and meeting infrequently} and a 50-member unicameral Assembly {Majlis})
(government_assembly_{majlis}#turkmenistan#elections last held 11 December 1994 {next to be held NA 1999}; results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - {50 total} Democratic Party 45, other 5; note - all 50 preapproved by President NIYAZOV)
(government_judicial_branch#turkmenistan#Supreme Court)
(government_political_parties_and_leaders#turkmenistan#Democratic Party of Turkmenistan, Saparmurat NIYAZOV; Party for Democratic Development, Durdymurat HOJA-MUHAMEDOV, chairman; Agzybirlik, Nurberdy NURMAMEDOV, cochairman, Hubayberdi HALLIYEV, cochairman)
(government_political_parties_and_leaders_note#turkmenistan#formal opposition parties are outlawed; unofficial, small opposition movements exist underground or in foreign countries)
(government_international_organization_participation#turkmenistan#CCC, CIS, EBRD, ECE, ECO, ESCAP, FAO, IBRD, ICAO, IDB, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Intelsat {nonsignatory user}, IOC, ISO {correspondent}, ITU, NACC, OIC, OSCE, PFP, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WMO, WToO, WTrO {observer})
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_chief_of_mission#turkmenistan#Ambassador Halil UGUR)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_chancery#turkmenistan#1511 K Street NW, Suite 412, Washington, DC 20005)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_telephone#turkmenistan#[1] {202} 737-4800)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_fax#turkmenistan#[1] {202} 737-1152)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_chief_of_mission#turkmenistan#Ambassador Michael W. COTTER)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_embassy#turkmenistan#9 Pushkin Street, Ashgabat)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_mailing_address#turkmenistan#use embassy street address)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_telephone#turkmenistan#[7] {3632} 35-00-45, 35-00-46, 35-00-42, Tie Line [8] 962-0000)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_fax#turkmenistan#[7] {3632} 51-13-05)
(government_flag#turkmenistan#green field, including a vertical stripe on the hoist side, with a claret vertical stripe in between containing five white, black, and orange carpet guls {an asymmetrical design used in producing rugs} associated with five different tribes; a white crescent and five white stars in the upper left corner to the right of the carpet guls)
(economy_economic_overview#turkmenistan#Turkmenistan is largely desert country with nomadic cattle raising, intensive agriculture in irrigated oases, and huge gas and oil resources. One-half of its irrigated land is planted in cotton making it the world's tenth largest producer. It also has the world's fifth largest reserves of natural gas and substantial oil resources. Until the end of 1993, Turkmenistan had experienced less economic disruption than other former Soviet states because its economy received a boost from higher prices for oil and gas and a sharp increase in hard currency earnings. In 1994, Russia's refusal to export Turkmen gas to hard currency markets and mounting debts of its major customers in the former USSR for gas deliveries contributed to a sharp fall in industrial production and caused the budget to shift from a surplus to a slight deficit. The economy remained depressed through 1995 while inflation soared. Furthermore, with an authoritarian ex-communist regime in power and a tribally based social structure, Turkmenistan has taken a cautious approach to economic reform, hoping to use gas and cotton sales to sustain its inefficient economy. For 1996, Turkmenistan will face continuing constraints on its earnings because of its customers' inability to pay for their gas and a below average cotton crop in 1995. Turkmenistan is working hard to open new gas export channels through Iran and Turkey, but these will take many years to realize.)
(economy_gdp#turkmenistan#purchasing power parity - $11.5 billion {1995 estimate as extrapolated from World Bank estimate for 1994})
(economy_gdp_real_growth_rate#turkmenistan#-10% {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_per_capita#turkmenistan#$2,820 {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_agriculture#turkmenistan#32.5%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_industry#turkmenistan#33.4%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_services#turkmenistan#34.1% {1991 est.})
(economy_inflation_rate_{consumer_prices}#turkmenistan#25% monthly average {1994 est.})
(economy_labor_force#turkmenistan#1.642 million {January 1994})
(economy_labor_force_by_occupation#turkmenistan#agriculture and forestry 44%, industry and construction 20%, other 36% {1992})
(economy_unemployment_rate#turkmenistan#NA%)
(economy_budget_revenues#turkmenistan#$NA)
(economy_budget_expenditures#turkmenistan#$NA, including capital expenditures of $NA)
(economy_industries#turkmenistan#natural gas, oil, petroleum products, textiles, food processing)
(economy_industrial_production_growth_rate#turkmenistan#-7% {1995})
(economy_electricity_capacity#turkmenistan#2,480,000 kW)
(economy_electricity_production#turkmenistan#9.8 billion kWh)
(economy_electricity_consumption_per_capita#turkmenistan#2,400 kWh {1995})
(economy_agriculture#turkmenistan#cotton, grain; livestock)
(economy_illicit_drugs#turkmenistan#illicit cultivator of cannabis and opium poppy; mostly for CIS consumption; limited government eradication program; used as transshipment point for illicit drugs from Southwest Asia to Western Europe)
(economy_exports#turkmenistan#$1.9 billion to states outside the FSU {1995})
(economy_exports_commodities#turkmenistan#natural gas, cotton, petroleum products, electricity, textiles, carpets)
(economy_exports_partners#turkmenistan#Ukraine, Russia, Kazakstan, Uzbekistan, Georgia, Azerbaijan, Armenia, Eastern Europe, Turkey, Argentina)
(economy_imports#turkmenistan#$777 million from states outside the FSU {1995})
(economy_imports_commodities#turkmenistan#machinery and parts, grain and food, plastics and rubber, consumer durables, textiles)
(economy_imports_partners#turkmenistan#Russia, Azerbaijan, Uzbekistan, Kazakstan, Turkey)
(economy_external_debt#turkmenistan#$400 million {of which $275 million to Russia} {1995 est.})
(economy_economic_aid_recipient#turkmenistan#ODA, $10 million {1993})
(economy_economic_aid_note#turkmenistan#commitments, $1,830 million {$375 million drawn}, 1992-95)
(economy_currency#turkmenistan#Turkmenistan introduced its national currency, the manat, on 1 November 1993)
(economy_exchange_rates#turkmenistan#manats per US$1 - 2,400 {January 1996})
(economy_exchange_rates_note#turkmenistan#government established a unified rate in mid-January 1996)
(economy_fiscal_year#turkmenistan#calendar year)
(transportation_railways_total#turkmenistan#2,120 km in common carrier service; does not include industrial lines)
(transportation_railways_broad_gauge#turkmenistan#2,120 km 1.520-m gauge {1990})
(transportation_highways_total#turkmenistan#23,000 km)
(transportation_highways_paved#turkmenistan#NA km)
(transportation_highways_unpaved#turkmenistan#NA km {1990 est.})
(transportation_waterways#turkmenistan#the Amu Darya is an important inland waterway)
(transportation_pipelines#turkmenistan#crude oil 250 km; natural gas 4,400 km)
(transportation_ports#turkmenistan#Turkmenbashi {formerly Krasnowodsk})
(transportation_airports_total#turkmenistan#64)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_2,438_to_3,047_m#turkmenistan#13)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_1,524_to_2,437_m#turkmenistan#8)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_914_to_1,523_m#turkmenistan#1)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_914_to_1,523_m#turkmenistan#7)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_under_914_m#turkmenistan#35 {1994 est.})
(communications_telephones#turkmenistan#NA)
(communications_telephone_system#turkmenistan#poorly developed)
(communications_telephone_system_domestic#turkmenistan#NA)
(communications_telephone_system_international#turkmenistan#linked by cable and microwave radio relay to other CIS republics and to other countries by leased connections to the Moscow international gateway switch; a new telephone link from Ashgabat to Iran has been established; a new exchange in Ashgabat switches international traffic through Turkey via Intelsat; satellite earth stations - 1 Orbita and 1 Intelsat)
(communications_radio_broadcast_stations#turkmenistan#AM NA, FM NA, shortwave NA; note - there is at least one state-owned radio broadcast station of NA type)
(communications_radios#turkmenistan#NA)
(communications_television_broadcast_stations#turkmenistan#NA)
(communications_televisions#turkmenistan#NA)
(defense_branches#turkmenistan#Army, Air and Air Defense, Republic Security Forces {internal and border troops}, National Guard)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_age_15-49#turkmenistan#1,024,398)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_fit_for_military_service#turkmenistan#834,803)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_reach_military_age_{18}_annually#turkmenistan#41,697 {1996 est.})
(defense_defense_expenditures#turkmenistan#4.5 billion manats, 3.0% of GDP {1995}; note - conversion of defense expenditures into US dollars using the current exchange rate could produce misleading results)
(header_affiliation#turks_and_caicos_islands#{dependent territory of the UK})
(geography_location#turks_and_caicos_islands#Caribbean, two island groups in the North Atlantic Ocean, southeast of The Bahamas)
(geography_geographic_coordinates#turks_and_caicos_islands#21 45 N, 71 35 W)
(geography_map_references#turks_and_caicos_islands#Central America and the Caribbean)
(geography_area_total_area#turks_and_caicos_islands#430 sq km)
(geography_area_land_area#turks_and_caicos_islands#430 sq km)
(geography_area_comparative_area#turks_and_caicos_islands#2.5 times the size of Washington, DC)
(geography_land_boundaries#turks_and_caicos_islands#0 km)
(geography_coastline#turks_and_caicos_islands#389 km)
(geography_maritime_claims_exclusive_fishing_zone#turks_and_caicos_islands#200 nm)
(geography_maritime_claims_territorial_sea#turks_and_caicos_islands#12 nm)
(geography_international_disputes#turks_and_caicos_islands#none)
(geography_climate#turks_and_caicos_islands#tropical; marine; moderated by trade winds; sunny and relatively dry)
(geography_terrain#turks_and_caicos_islands#low, flat limestone; extensive marshes and mangrove swamps)
(geography_terrain_lowest_point#turks_and_caicos_islands#Caribbean Sea 0 m)
(geography_terrain_highest_point#turks_and_caicos_islands#Blue Hills 49 m)
(geography_natural_resources#turks_and_caicos_islands#spiny lobster, conch)
(geography_land_use_arable_land#turks_and_caicos_islands#2%)
(geography_land_use_permanent_crops#turks_and_caicos_islands#0%)
(geography_land_use_meadows_and_pastures#turks_and_caicos_islands#0%)
(geography_land_use_forest_and_woodland#turks_and_caicos_islands#0%)
(geography_land_use_other#turks_and_caicos_islands#98%)
(geography_irrigated_land#turks_and_caicos_islands#NA sq km)
(geography_environment_current_issues#turks_and_caicos_islands#limited natural fresh water resources, private cisterns collect rainwater)
(geography_environment_natural_hazards#turks_and_caicos_islands#frequent hurricanes)
(geography_environment_international_agreements#turks_and_caicos_islands#NA)
(geography_geographic_note#turks_and_caicos_islands#30 islands {eight inhabited})
(people_population#turks_and_caicos_islands#14,302 {July 1996 est.})
(people_age_structure_0-14_years#turks_and_caicos_islands#NA)
(people_age_structure_15-64_years#turks_and_caicos_islands#NA)
(people_age_structure_65_years_and_over#turks_and_caicos_islands#NA)
(people_population_growth_rate#turks_and_caicos_islands#2.14% {1996 est.})
(people_birth_rate#turks_and_caicos_islands#12.85 births/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_death_rate#turks_and_caicos_islands#5.15 deaths/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_net_migration_rate#turks_and_caicos_islands#13.74 migrant{s}/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_sex_ratio_at_birth#turks_and_caicos_islands#NA male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_under_15_years#turks_and_caicos_islands#NA male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_15-64_years#turks_and_caicos_islands#NA male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_65_years_and_over#turks_and_caicos_islands#NA male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_all_ages#turks_and_caicos_islands#NA male{s}/female)
(people_infant_mortality_rate#turks_and_caicos_islands#12.57 deaths/1,000 live births {1996 est.})
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_total_population#turks_and_caicos_islands#75.4 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_male#turks_and_caicos_islands#73.46 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_female#turks_and_caicos_islands#77.07 years {1996 est.})
(people_total_fertility_rate#turks_and_caicos_islands#1.86 children born/woman {1996 est.})
(people_nationality_noun#turks_and_caicos_islands#none)
(people_nationality_adjective#turks_and_caicos_islands#none)
(people_ethnic_divisions#turks_and_caicos_islands#African)
(people_religions#turks_and_caicos_islands#Baptist 41.2%, Methodist 18.9%, Anglican 18.3%, Seventh-Day Adventist 1.7%, other 19.9% {1980})
(people_languages#turks_and_caicos_islands#English {official})
(people_literacy#turks_and_caicos_islands#age 15 and over has ever attended school {1970 est.})
(people_literacy_total_population#turks_and_caicos_islands#98%)
(people_literacy_male#turks_and_caicos_islands#99%)
(people_literacy_female#turks_and_caicos_islands#98%)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_long_form#turks_and_caicos_islands#none)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_short_form#turks_and_caicos_islands#Turks and Caicos Islands)
(government_data_code#turks_and_caicos_islands#TK)
(government_type_of_government#turks_and_caicos_islands#dependent territory of the UK)
(government_capital#turks_and_caicos_islands#Grand Turk)
(government_administrative_divisions#turks_and_caicos_islands#none {dependent territory of the UK})
(government_independence#turks_and_caicos_islands#none {dependent territory of the UK})
(government_national_holiday#turks_and_caicos_islands#Constitution Day, 30 August {1976})
(government_constitution#turks_and_caicos_islands#introduced 30 August 1976, suspended in 1986, restored and revised 5 March 1988)
(government_legal_system#turks_and_caicos_islands#based on laws of England and Wales with a small number adopted from Jamaica and The Bahamas)
(government_suffrage#turks_and_caicos_islands#18 years of age; universal)
(government_executive_branch_chief_of_state#turks_and_caicos_islands#Queen ELIZABETH II {of the United Kingdom since 6 February 1953} is a hereditary monarch, represented by Governor Martin BOURKE {since NA February 1993} who was appointed by the queen)
(government_executive_branch_head_of_government#turks_and_caicos_islands#Chief Minister Derek H. TAYLOR {since 31 January 1995} was appointed by the governor)
(government_executive_branch_cabinet#turks_and_caicos_islands#Executive Council consists of three ex officio members and five appointed by the governor from the Legislative Council)
(government_legislative_branch#turks_and_caicos_islands#unicameral)
(government_legislative_council#turks_and_caicos_islands#elections last held 31 January 1995 {next to be held by NA 2000}; results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - {20 total, 13 elected} PDM 8, PNP 4, independent {Norman SAUNDERS} 1)
(government_judicial_branch#turks_and_caicos_islands#Supreme Court)
(government_political_parties_and_leaders#turks_and_caicos_islands#Progressive National Party {PNP}, Washington MISSICK; People's Democratic Movement {PDM}, Derek H. TAYLOR; United Democratic Party {UDP}, Wendal SWANN)
(government_international_organization_participation#turks_and_caicos_islands#Caricom {associate}, CDB, Interpol {subbureau})
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us#turks_and_caicos_islands#none {dependent territory of the UK})
(government_us_diplomatic_representation#turks_and_caicos_islands#none {dependent territory of the UK})
(government_flag#turks_and_caicos_islands#blue with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side quadrant and the colonial shield centered on the outer half of the flag; the shield is yellow and contains a conch shell, lobster, and cactus)
(economy_economic_overview#turks_and_caicos_islands#The Turks and Caicos economy is based on tourism, fishing, and offshore financial services. Most food for domestic consumption is imported; there is some subsistence farming - mainly corn, cassava, citrus, and beans - on the Caicos Islands. The tourism sector expanded in 1995, posting a 10% increase in the first quarter as compared to the same period in 1994. The US was the leading source of tourists in 1995, accounting for upward of 70% of arrivals or about 60,000 visitors. Major sources of government revenue include fees from offshore financial activities and customs receipts as the Islands rely on imports for nearly all consumption and capital goods.)
(economy_gdp#turks_and_caicos_islands#purchasing power parity - $80.8 million {1992 est.})
(economy_gdp_real_growth_rate#turks_and_caicos_islands#-1.5% {1992 est.})
(economy_gdp_per_capita#turks_and_caicos_islands#$6,000 {1992 est.})
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_agriculture#turks_and_caicos_islands#NA%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_industry#turks_and_caicos_islands#NA%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_services#turks_and_caicos_islands#NA%)
(economy_inflation_rate_{consumer_prices}#turks_and_caicos_islands#NA%)
(economy_labor_force#turks_and_caicos_islands#4,848 {1990 est.})
(economy_labor_force_by_occupation#turks_and_caicos_islands#majority engaged in fishing and tourist industries; some subsistence agriculture)
(economy_unemployment_rate#turks_and_caicos_islands#12% {1992})
(economy_budget_revenues#turks_and_caicos_islands#$31.9 million {1995})
(economy_budget_expenditures#turks_and_caicos_islands#$30.4 million {1995}, including capital expenditures of $NA)
(economy_industries#turks_and_caicos_islands#fishing, tourism, offshore financial services)
(economy_industrial_production_growth_rate#turks_and_caicos_islands#NA%)
(economy_electricity_capacity#turks_and_caicos_islands#9,050 kW)
(economy_electricity_production#turks_and_caicos_islands#11.1 million kWh)
(economy_electricity_consumption_per_capita#turks_and_caicos_islands#860 kWh {1992})
(economy_agriculture#turks_and_caicos_islands#corn, beans; fish)
(economy_illicit_drugs#turks_and_caicos_islands#transshipment point for South American narcotics destined for the US)
(economy_exports#turks_and_caicos_islands#$6.8 million {f.o.b., 1993})
(economy_exports_commodities#turks_and_caicos_islands#lobster, dried and fresh conch, conch shells)
(economy_exports_partners#turks_and_caicos_islands#US, UK)
(economy_imports#turks_and_caicos_islands#$42.8 million {1993})
(economy_imports_commodities#turks_and_caicos_islands#food and beverages, tobacco, clothing, manufactures, construction materials)
(economy_imports_partners#turks_and_caicos_islands#US, UK)
(economy_external_debt#turks_and_caicos_islands#$NA)
(economy_economic_aid_recipient#turks_and_caicos_islands#ODA, $NA)
(economy_currency#turks_and_caicos_islands#1 United States dollar {US$} = 100 cents)
(economy_exchange_rates#turks_and_caicos_islands#US currency is used)
(economy_fiscal_year#turks_and_caicos_islands#calendar year)
(transportation_railways#turks_and_caicos_islands#0 km)
(transportation_highways_total#turks_and_caicos_islands#121 km)
(transportation_highways_paved#turks_and_caicos_islands#24 km)
(transportation_highways_unpaved#turks_and_caicos_islands#97 km)
(transportation_ports#turks_and_caicos_islands#Grand Turk, Providenciales)
(transportation_merchant_marine#turks_and_caicos_islands#none)
(transportation_airports_total#turks_and_caicos_islands#7)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_1,524_to_2,437_m#turks_and_caicos_islands#3)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_914_to_1,523_m#turks_and_caicos_islands#1)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_under_914_m#turks_and_caicos_islands#1)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_914_to_1,523_m#turks_and_caicos_islands#2 {1995 est.})
(communications_telephones#turks_and_caicos_islands#1,359 {1988 est.})
(communications_telephone_system#turks_and_caicos_islands#fair cable and radiotelephone services)
(communications_telephone_system_domestic#turks_and_caicos_islands#NA)
(communications_telephone_system_international#turks_and_caicos_islands#2 submarine cables; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat {Atlantic Ocean})
(communications_radio_broadcast_stations#turks_and_caicos_islands#AM 3, FM 0, shortwave 0)
(communications_radios#turks_and_caicos_islands#7,000 {1992 est.})
(communications_television_broadcast_stations#turks_and_caicos_islands#television programs are available from a cable network, and broadcasts from the Bahamas can be received in the islands)
(communications_televisions#turks_and_caicos_islands#NA)
(defense_defense_note#turks_and_caicos_islands#defense is the responsibility of the UK)
(geography_location#tuvalu#Oceania, island group consisting of nine coral atolls in the South Pacific Ocean, about one-half of the way from Hawaii to Australia)
(geography_geographic_coordinates#tuvalu#8 00 S, 178 00 E)
(geography_map_references#tuvalu#Oceania)
(geography_area_total_area#tuvalu#26 sq km)
(geography_area_land_area#tuvalu#26 sq km)
(geography_area_comparative_area#tuvalu#0.1 times the size of Washington, DC)
(geography_land_boundaries#tuvalu#0 km)
(geography_coastline#tuvalu#24 km)
(geography_maritime_claims_contiguous_zone#tuvalu#24 nm)
(geography_maritime_claims_exclusive_economic_zone#tuvalu#200 nm)
(geography_maritime_claims_territorial_sea#tuvalu#12 nm)
(geography_international_disputes#tuvalu#none)
(geography_climate#tuvalu#tropical; moderated by easterly trade winds {March to November}; westerly gales and heavy rain {November to March})
(geography_terrain#tuvalu#very low-lying and narrow coral atolls)
(geography_terrain_lowest_point#tuvalu#Pacific Ocean 0 m)
(geography_terrain_highest_point#tuvalu#unnamed location 5 m)
(geography_natural_resources#tuvalu#fish)
(geography_land_use_arable_land#tuvalu#0%)
(geography_land_use_permanent_crops#tuvalu#0%)
(geography_land_use_meadows_and_pastures#tuvalu#0%)
(geography_land_use_forest_and_woodland#tuvalu#0%)
(geography_land_use_other#tuvalu#100%)
(geography_land_use_note#tuvalu#Tuvalu's nine coral atolls have enough soil to grow coconuts and support subsistence agriculture)
(geography_irrigated_land#tuvalu#NA sq km)
(geography_environment_current_issues#tuvalu#since there are no streams or rivers and groundwater is not potable, all water needs must be met by catchment systems with storage facilities; beachhead erosion because of the use of sand for building materials; excessive clearance of forest undergrowth for use as fuel; damage to coral reefs from the spread of the crown of thorns starfish)
(geography_environment_natural_hazards#tuvalu#severe tropical storms are rare)
(geography_environment_international_agreements#tuvalu#party to - Climate Change, Endangered Species, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Whaling; signed, but not ratified - Biodiversity, Law of the Sea)
(people_population#tuvalu#10,146 {July 1996 est.})
(people_age_structure_0-14_years#tuvalu#36% {male 1,865; female 1,798})
(people_age_structure_15-64_years#tuvalu#59% {male 2,831; female 3,162})
(people_age_structure_65_years_and_over#tuvalu#5% {male 227; female 263} {July 1996 est.})
(people_population_growth_rate#tuvalu#1.51% {1996 est.})
(people_birth_rate#tuvalu#23.95 births/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_death_rate#tuvalu#8.87 deaths/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_net_migration_rate#tuvalu#0 migrant{s}/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_sex_ratio_at_birth#tuvalu#1.05 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_under_15_years#tuvalu#1.04 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_15-64_years#tuvalu#0.9 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_65_years_and_over#tuvalu#0.86 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_all_ages#tuvalu#0.94 male{s}/female {1996 est.})
(people_infant_mortality_rate#tuvalu#27.6 deaths/1,000 live births {1996 est.})
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_total_population#tuvalu#63.34 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_male#tuvalu#62.15 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_female#tuvalu#64.59 years {1996 est.})
(people_total_fertility_rate#tuvalu#3.11 children born/woman {1996 est.})
(people_nationality_noun#tuvalu#Tuvaluan{s})
(people_nationality_adjective#tuvalu#Tuvaluan)
(people_ethnic_divisions#tuvalu#Polynesian 96%)
(people_religions#tuvalu#Church of Tuvalu {Congregationalist} 97%, Seventh-Day Adventist 1.4%, Baha'i 1%, other 0.6%)
(people_languages#tuvalu#Tuvaluan, English)
(people_literacy#tuvalu#NA)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_long_form#tuvalu#none)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_short_form#tuvalu#Tuvalu)
(government_name_of_country_former#tuvalu#Ellice Islands)
(government_data_code#tuvalu#TV)
(government_type_of_government#tuvalu#democracy; began debating republic status in 1992)
(government_capital#tuvalu#Funafuti)
(government_administrative_divisions#tuvalu#none)
(government_independence#tuvalu#1 October 1978 {from UK})
(government_national_holiday#tuvalu#Independence Day, 1 October {1978})
(government_constitution#tuvalu#1 October 1978)
(government_legal_system#tuvalu#NA)
(government_suffrage#tuvalu#18 years of age; universal)
(government_executive_branch_chief_of_state#tuvalu#Queen ELIZABETH II {since 6 February 1952} is a hereditary monarch, represented by Governor General Manuella TULAGA {since NA June 1994} who was appointed by the queen on recommendation of the prime minister)
(government_executive_branch_head_of_government#tuvalu#Prime Minister Kamuta LATASI {since 10 December 1993} and Deputy Prime Minister Otinielu TAUSI {since 10 December 1993} were elected by and from the members of Parliament)
(government_executive_branch_cabinet#tuvalu#Cabinet was appointed by the governor general on recommendation of the prime minister)
(government_legislative_branch#tuvalu#unicameral)
(government_parliament_{fale_i_fono}#tuvalu#members elected for four-year terms; elections last held 25 November 1993 {next to be held by NA 1997}; results - percent of vote NA; seats - {12 total} independents 12)
(government_judicial_branch#tuvalu#High Court)
(government_political_parties_and_leaders#tuvalu#none)
(government_international_organization_participation#tuvalu#ACP, AsDB, C {special}, ESCAP, Intelsat {nonsignatory user}, Sparteca, SPC, SPF, UNESCO, UPU, WHO)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us#tuvalu#Tuvalu does not have an embassy in the US)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation#tuvalu#the US does not have an embassy in Tuvalu)
(government_flag#tuvalu#light blue with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side quadrant; the outer half of the flag represents a map of the country with nine yellow five-pointed stars symbolizing the nine islands)
(economy_economic_overview#tuvalu#Tuvalu consists of a scattered group of nine coral atolls with poor soil. The country has no known mineral resources and few exports. Subsistence farming and fishing are the primary economic activities. The islands are too small and too remote for development of a tourist industry. Government revenues largely come from the sale of stamps and coins and worker remittances. Substantial income is received annually from an international trust fund established in 1987 by Australia, NZ, and the UK and supported also by Japan and South Korea. In an effort to reduce its dependence on foreign aid, the government is pursuing public sector reforms, including privatization of some government functions and personnel cuts of up to 7%.)
(economy_gdp#tuvalu#purchasing power parity - $7.8 million {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_real_growth_rate#tuvalu#NA%)
(economy_gdp_per_capita#tuvalu#$800 {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_agriculture#tuvalu#NA%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_industry#tuvalu#NA%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_services#tuvalu#NA%)
(economy_inflation_rate_{consumer_prices}#tuvalu#2.9% {1989})
(economy_labor_force#tuvalu#NA)
(economy_labor_force_by_occupation#tuvalu#NA)
(economy_unemployment_rate#tuvalu#NA%)
(economy_budget_revenues#tuvalu#$4.3 million)
(economy_budget_expenditures#tuvalu#$4.3 million, including capital expenditures of $NA {1989 est.})
(economy_industries#tuvalu#fishing, tourism, copra)
(economy_industrial_production_growth_rate#tuvalu#NA%)
(economy_electricity_capacity#tuvalu#2,600 kW)
(economy_electricity_production#tuvalu#3 million kWh)
(economy_electricity_consumption_per_capita#tuvalu#330 kWh {1990})
(economy_agriculture#tuvalu#coconuts; fish)
(economy_exports#tuvalu#$165,000 {f.o.b., 1989})
(economy_exports_commodities#tuvalu#copra)
(economy_exports_partners#tuvalu#Fiji, Australia, NZ)
(economy_imports#tuvalu#$4.4 million {c.i.f., 1989})
(economy_imports_commodities#tuvalu#food, animals, mineral fuels, machinery, manufactured goods)
(economy_imports_partners#tuvalu#Fiji, Australia, NZ)
(economy_external_debt#tuvalu#$NA)
(economy_economic_aid_recipient#tuvalu#ODA, $NA)
(economy_currency#tuvalu#1 Tuvaluan dollar {$T} or 1 Australian dollar {$A} = 100 cents)
(economy_exchange_rates#tuvalu#Tuvaluan dollars {$T} or Australian dollars {$A} per US$1 - 1.3477 {January 1996}, 1.3486 {1995}, 1.3667 {1994}, 1.4704 {1993}, 1.3600 {1992}, 1.2835 {1991})
(economy_fiscal_year#tuvalu#calendar year)
(transportation_railways#tuvalu#0 km)
(transportation_highways_total#tuvalu#8 km)
(transportation_highways_paved#tuvalu#0 km)
(transportation_highways_unpaved#tuvalu#8 km {1988 est.})
(transportation_ports#tuvalu#Funafuti, Nukufetau)
(transportation_merchant_marine_total#tuvalu#13 ships {1,000 GRT or over} totaling 56,786 GRT/89,128 DWT)
(transportation_merchant_marine_ships_by_type#tuvalu#cargo 6, chemical tanker 4, oil tanker 1, passenger-cargo 1, refrigerated cargo 1 {1995 est.})
(transportation_airports_total#tuvalu#1)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_1,524_to_2,437_m#tuvalu#1 {1995 est.})
(communications_telephones#tuvalu#130 {1983 est.})
(communications_telephone_system_domestic#tuvalu#radiotelephone communications between islands)
(communications_telephone_system_international#tuvalu#NA)
(communications_radio_broadcast_stations#tuvalu#AM 1, FM 0, shortwave 0)
(communications_radios#tuvalu#4,000 {1993 est.})
(communications_television_broadcast_stations#tuvalu#0)
(communications_televisions#tuvalu#NA)
(defense_branches#tuvalu#no regular military forces; Police Force)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_age_15-49#tuvalu#NA)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_fit_for_military_service#tuvalu#NA)
(defense_defense_expenditures#tuvalu#$NA, NA% of GDP)
(geography_location#uganda#Eastern Africa, west of Kenya)
(geography_geographic_coordinates#uganda#1 00 N, 32 00 E)
(geography_map_references#uganda#Africa)
(geography_area_total_area#uganda#236,040 sq km)
(geography_area_land_area#uganda#199,710 sq km)
(geography_area_comparative_area#uganda#slightly smaller than Oregon)
(geography_land_boundaries_total#uganda#2,698 km)
(geography_land_boundaries_border_countries#uganda#Kenya 933 km, Rwanda 169 km, Sudan 435 km, Tanzania 396 km, Zaire 765 km)
(geography_coastline#uganda#0 km {landlocked})
(geography_maritime_claims#uganda#none {landlocked})
(geography_international_disputes#uganda#none)
(geography_climate#uganda#tropical; generally rainy with two dry seasons {December to February, June to August}; semiarid in northeast)
(geography_terrain#uganda#mostly plateau with rim of mountains)
(geography_terrain_lowest_point#uganda#Lake Albert 621 m)
(geography_terrain_highest_point#uganda#Margherita {Mount Stanley} 5,110 m)
(geography_natural_resources#uganda#copper, cobalt, limestone, salt)
(geography_land_use_arable_land#uganda#23%)
(geography_land_use_permanent_crops#uganda#9%)
(geography_land_use_meadows_and_pastures#uganda#25%)
(geography_land_use_forest_and_woodland#uganda#30%)
(geography_land_use_other#uganda#13%)
(geography_irrigated_land#uganda#90 sq km {1989 est.})
(geography_environment_current_issues#uganda#draining of wetlands for agricultural use; deforestation; overgrazing; soil erosion; poaching is widespread)
(geography_environment_natural_hazards#uganda#NA)
(geography_environment_international_agreements#uganda#party to - Biodiversity, Climate Change, Endangered Species, Law of the Sea, Marine Life Conservation, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands; signed, but not ratified - Desertification, Environmental Modification)
(geography_geographic_note#uganda#landlocked)
(people_population#uganda#20,158,176 {July 1996 est.})
(people_age_structure_0-14_years#uganda#50% {male 5,006,615; female 4,972,831})
(people_age_structure_15-64_years#uganda#48% {male 4,842,908; female 4,874,471})
(people_age_structure_65_years_and_over#uganda#2% {male 231,156; female 230,195} {July 1996 est.})
(people_population_growth_rate#uganda#2.24% {1996 est.})
(people_birth_rate#uganda#45.92 births/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_death_rate#uganda#20.72 deaths/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_net_migration_rate#uganda#-2.8 migrant{s}/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_net_migration_rate_note#uganda#Uganda is host to refugees from a number of neighboring countries, including Zaire, Sudan, and Rwanda; probably in excess of 100,000 southern Sudanese fled to Uganda during the past year; many of the 8,000 Rwandans who took refuge in Uganda have returned home)
(people_sex_ratio_at_birth#uganda#1.03 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_under_15_years#uganda#1.01 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_15-64_years#uganda#0.99 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_65_years_and_over#uganda#1 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_all_ages#uganda#1 male{s}/female {1996 est.})
(people_infant_mortality_rate#uganda#99.4 deaths/1,000 live births {1996 est.})
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_total_population#uganda#40.29 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_male#uganda#39.98 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_female#uganda#40.6 years {1996 est.})
(people_total_fertility_rate#uganda#6.61 children born/woman {1996 est.})
(people_nationality_noun#uganda#Ugandan{s})
(people_nationality_adjective#uganda#Ugandan)
(people_ethnic_divisions#uganda#Baganda 17%, Karamojong 12%, Basogo 8%, Iteso 8%, Langi 6%, Rwanda 6%, Bagisu 5%, Acholi 4%, Lugbara 4%, Bunyoro 3%, Batobo 3%, European, Asian, Arab 1%, other 23%)
(people_religions#uganda#Roman Catholic 33%, Protestant 33%, Muslim 16%, indigenous beliefs 18%)
(people_languages#uganda#English {official}, Luganda, Swahili, Bantu languages, Nilotic languages)
(people_literacy#uganda#age 15 and over can read and write {1995 est.})
(people_literacy_total_population#uganda#61.8%)
(people_literacy_male#uganda#73.7%)
(people_literacy_female#uganda#50.2%)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_long_form#uganda#Republic of Uganda)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_short_form#uganda#Uganda)
(government_data_code#uganda#UG)
(government_type_of_government#uganda#republic)
(government_capital#uganda#Kampala)
(government_administrative_divisions#uganda#39 districts; Apac, Arua, Bundibugyo, Bushenyi, Gulu, Hoima, Iganga, Jinja, Kabale, Kabarole, Kalangala, Kampala, Kamuli, Kapchorwa, Kasese, Kibale, Kiboga, Kisoro, Kitgum, Kotido, Kumi, Lira, Luwero, Masaka, Masindi, Mbale, Mbarara, Moroto, Moyo, Mpigi, Mubende, Mukono, Nebbi, Ntungamo, Pallisa, Rakai, Rukungiri, Soroti, Tororo)
(government_independence#uganda#9 October 1962 {from UK})
(government_national_holiday#uganda#Independence Day, 9 October {1962})
(government_constitution#uganda#8 October 1995; adopted by the interim, 284-member Constituent Assembly, charged with debating the draft constitution that had been proposed in May 1993; the Constituent Assembly was dissolved on promulgation of the constitution in October 1995)
(government_legal_system#uganda#in 1995, the government restored the legal system to one based on English common law and customary law and reinstituted a normal judicial system; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations)
(government_suffrage#uganda#18 years of age; universal)
(government_executive_branch_chief_of_state#uganda#President Lt. Gen. Yoweri Kaguta MUSEVENI {since seizing power 29 January 1986}; election last held 9 May 1996 {next to be held NA}; results - Yoweri Kaguta MUSEVENI 74%, Paul K. SSEMOGERERE 24%, Muhammad MAYANJA 2%; note - this was the first popular direct presidential election since independence in 1962)
(government_executive_branch_head_of_government#uganda#Prime Minister Kintu MUSOKE {since 18 November 1994};)
(government_executive_branch_cabinet#uganda#Cabinet, appointed by the president)
(government_legislative_branch#uganda#unicameral)
(government_national_assembly#uganda#elections last held in 1980; note - the National Assembly was dissolved in July 1985 following a military coup and was succeeded on 1 February 1986 by the interim National Resistance Council, initially consisting of 23 appointed members, but by early-1989 enlarged to 278 members, of whom 210 were indirectly elected; the National Resistance Council, which had served as Uganda's acting legislature for more than 10 years, was dissolved on 15 June 1996 to prepare for the popular election of a new legislature on 27 June 1996 in keeping with the provisions of the new constitution)
(government_judicial_branch#uganda#Court of Appeal; High Court)
(government_political_parties_and_leaders#uganda#only officially recognized party - National Resistance Movement {NRM}, Yoweri MUSEVENI)
(government_political_parties_and_leaders_note#uganda#Ugandan People's Congress {UPC}, Milton OBOTE; Democratic Party {DP}, Paul SSEMOGEERE; and Conservative Party {CP}, Joshua S. MAYANJA-NKANGI continue to exist but the new constitution confirms the suspension of political party activity until 2001)
(government_other_political_or_pressure_groups#uganda#Lord's Resistance Army {LRA}; West Nile Bank Front {WNBF})
(government_international_organization_participation#uganda#ACP, AfDB, C, CCC, EADB, ECA, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IGADD, ILO, IMF, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO {correspondent}, ITU, NAM, OAU, OIC, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNITAR, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_chief_of_mission#uganda#Ambassador Stephen Kapimpina KATENTA-APULI)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_chancery#uganda#5911 16th Street NW, Washington, DC 20011)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_telephone#uganda#[1] {202} 726-7100 through 7102, 0416)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_fax#uganda#[1] {202} 726-1727)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_chief_of_mission#uganda#Ambassador E. Michael SOUTHWICK)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_embassy#uganda#Parliament Avenue, Kampala)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_mailing_address#uganda#P. O. Box 7007, Kampala)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_telephone#uganda#[256] {41} 259792, 259793, 259795)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_fax#uganda#[256] {41} 259794)
(government_flag#uganda#six equal horizontal bands of black {top}, yellow, red, black, yellow, and red; a white disk is superimposed at the center and depicts a red-crested crane {the national symbol} facing the hoist side)
(economy_economic_overview#uganda#Uganda has substantial natural resources, including fertile soils, regular rainfall, and sizable mineral deposits of copper and cobalt. Agriculture is the most important sector of the economy, employing over 80% of the work force. Coffee is the major export crop and accounts for the bulk of export revenues. Since 1986 the government - with the support of foreign countries and international agencies - has acted to rehabilitate and stabilize the economy by undertaking currency reform, raising producer prices on export crops, increasing prices of petroleum products, and improving civil service wages. The policy changes are especially aimed at dampening inflation and boosting production and export earnings. In 1990-94, the economy turned in a solid performance based on continued investment in the rehabilitation of infrastructure, improved incentives for production and exports, and gradually improving domestic security. The economy again prospered in 1995 with rapid growth, low inflation, growing foreign investment, a trimmed bureaucracy, and the continued return of exiled Indian-Ugandan entrepreneurs.)
(economy_gdp#uganda#purchasing power parity - $16.8 billion {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_real_growth_rate#uganda#7.1% {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_per_capita#uganda#$900 {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_agriculture#uganda#55%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_industry#uganda#12%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_services#uganda#33% {1995})
(economy_inflation_rate_{consumer_prices}#uganda#6.1% {1995})
(economy_labor_force#uganda#8.361 million {1993 est.})
(economy_labor_force_by_occupation#uganda#agriculture 86%, industry 4%, services 10% {1980 est.})
(economy_unemployment_rate#uganda#NA%)
(economy_budget_revenues#uganda#$574 million)
(economy_budget_expenditures#uganda#$1.07 billion, including capital expenditures of $328 million {1994/95 est.})
(economy_industries#uganda#sugar, brewing, tobacco, cotton textiles, cement)
(economy_industrial_production_growth_rate#uganda#15% {1994})
(economy_electricity_capacity#uganda#162,000 kW)
(economy_electricity_production#uganda#603 million kWh)
(economy_electricity_consumption_per_capita#uganda#30 kWh {1990})
(economy_agriculture#uganda#coffee, tea, cotton, tobacco, cassava {tapioca}, potatoes, corn, millet, pulses; beef, goat meat, milk, poultry)
(economy_exports#uganda#$424 million {f.o.b., 1994})
(economy_exports_commodities#uganda#coffee 97%, cotton, tea)
(economy_exports_partners#uganda#US 25%, UK 18%, France 11%, Spain 10%)
(economy_imports#uganda#$870 million {c.i.f., 1994})
(economy_imports_commodities#uganda#petroleum products, machinery, cotton piece goods, metals, transportation equipment, food)
(economy_imports_partners#uganda#Kenya 25%, UK 14%, Italy 13%)
(economy_external_debt#uganda#$3.2 billion {1994})
(economy_economic_aid_recipient#uganda#ODA, $NA)
(economy_currency#uganda#1 Ugandan shilling {USh} = 100 cents)
(economy_exchange_rates#uganda#Ugandan shillings {USh} per US$1 - 1,032.6 {November 1995}, 979.4 {1994}, 1,195.0 {1993}, 1,133.8 {1992}, 734.0 {1991})
(economy_fiscal_year#uganda#1 July - 30 June)
(transportation_railways_total#uganda#1,241 km single track)
(transportation_railways_narrow_gauge#uganda#1,241 km 1.000-m gauge)
(transportation_railways_note:#uganda#a program to rehabilitate the railroad is underway {1995})
(transportation_highways_total#uganda#30,320 km)
(transportation_highways_paved#uganda#3,480 km)
(transportation_highways_unpaved#uganda#26,840 km {1987 est.})
(transportation_waterways#uganda#Lake Victoria, Lake Albert, Lake Kyoga, Lake George, Lake Edward; Victoria Nile, Albert Nile)
(transportation_ports#uganda#Entebbe, Jinja, Port Bell)
(transportation_merchant_marine_total#uganda#3 roll-on/roll-off cargo ships {1,000 GRT or over} totaling 5,091 GRT/2,743 DWT {1995 est.})
(transportation_airports#uganda#21)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_over_3,047_m#uganda#2)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_1,524_to_2,437_m#uganda#1)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_under_914_m#uganda#7)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_2,438_to_3,047_m#uganda#1)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_1,524_to_2,437_m#uganda#5)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_914_to_1,523_m#uganda#5 {1995 est.})
(communications_telephones#uganda#54,900 {1989 est.})
(communications_telephone_system#uganda#fair system)
(communications_telephone_system_domestic#uganda#microwave radio relay and radiotelephone communications stations)
(communications_telephone_system_international#uganda#satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat {Atlantic Ocean})
(communications_radio_broadcast_stations#uganda#AM 10, FM 0, shortwave 0)
(communications_radios#uganda#2.04 million {1992 est.})
(communications_television_broadcast_stations#uganda#9 {1987 est.})
(communications_televisions#uganda#193,000 {1992 est.})
(defense_branches#uganda#Army, Navy, Air Wing)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_age_15-49#uganda#4,359,286)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_fit_for_military_service#uganda#2,365,157 {1996 est.})
(defense_defense_expenditures#uganda#exchange rate conversion - $56 million, 1.7% of budget {FY93/94})
(geography_location#ukraine#Eastern Europe, bordering the Black Sea, between Poland and Russia)
(geography_geographic_coordinates#ukraine#49 00 N, 32 00 E)
(geography_map_references#ukraine#Commonwealth of Independent States)
(geography_area_total_area#ukraine#603,700 sq km)
(geography_area_land_area#ukraine#603,700 sq km)
(geography_area_comparative_area#ukraine#slightly smaller than Texas)
(geography_land_boundaries_total#ukraine#4,558 km)
(geography_land_boundaries_border_countries#ukraine#Belarus 891 km, Hungary 103 km, Moldova 939 km, Poland 428 km, Romania {southwest} 169 km, Romania {west} 362 km, Russia 1,576 km, Slovakia 90 km)
(geography_coastline#ukraine#2,782 km)
(geography_maritime_claims_continental_shelf#ukraine#200-m or to the depth of exploitation)
(geography_maritime_claims_exclusive_economic_zone#ukraine#undefined)
(geography_maritime_claims_territorial_sea#ukraine#12 nm)
(geography_international_disputes#ukraine#certain territory of Moldova and Ukraine - including Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina - are considered by Bucharest as historically a part of Romania; this territory was incorporated into the former Soviet Union following the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact in 1940; dispute with Romania over continental shelf of the Black Sea under which signifcant gas and oil deposits may exist; potential dispute with Russia over Crimea; has made no territorial claim in Antarctica {but has reserved the right to do so} and does not recognize the claims of any other nation)
(geography_climate#ukraine#temperate continental; Mediterranean only on the southern Crimean coast; precipitation disproportionately distributed, highest in west and north, lesser in east and southeast; winters vary from cool along the Black Sea to cold farther inland; summers are warm across the greater part of the country, hot in the south)
(geography_terrain#ukraine#most of Ukraine consists of fertile plains {steppes} and plateaux, mountains being found only in the west {the Carpathians}, and in the Crimean Peninsula in the extreme south)
(geography_terrain_lowest_point#ukraine#Black Sea 0 m)
(geography_terrain_highest_point#ukraine#Hora Hoverla 2,061 m)
(geography_natural_resources#ukraine#iron ore, coal, manganese, natural gas, oil, salt, sulfur, graphite, titanium, magnesium, kaolin, nickel, mercury, timber)
(geography_land_use_arable_land#ukraine#56%)
(geography_land_use_permanent_crops#ukraine#2%)
(geography_land_use_meadows_and_pastures#ukraine#12%)
(geography_land_use_forest_and_woodland#ukraine#0%)
(geography_land_use_other#ukraine#30%)
(geography_irrigated_land#ukraine#26,000 sq km {1990})
(geography_environment_current_issues#ukraine#inadequate supplies of potable water; air and water pollution; deforestation; radiation contamination in the northeast from 1986 accident at Chornobyl' Nuclear Power Plant)
(geography_environment_natural_hazards#ukraine#NA)
(geography_environment_international_agreements#ukraine#party to - Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Sulphur 85, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Environmental Modification, Marine Dumping, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution; signed, but not ratified - Air Pollution-Sulphur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Climate Change, Law of the Sea)
(geography_geographic_note#ukraine#strategic position at the crossroads between Europe and Asia; second-largest country in Europe)
(people_population#ukraine#50,864,009 {July 1996 est.})
(people_age_structure_0-14_years#ukraine#20% {male 5,139,034; female 4,936,901})
(people_age_structure_15-64_years#ukraine#66% {male 16,135,671; female 17,433,600})
(people_age_structure_65_years_and_over#ukraine#14% {male 2,318,629; female 4,900,174} {July 1996 est.})
(people_population_growth_rate#ukraine#-0.4% {1996 est.})
(people_birth_rate#ukraine#11.17 births/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_death_rate#ukraine#15.16 deaths/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_net_migration_rate#ukraine#0.03 migrant{s}/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_sex_ratio_at_birth#ukraine#1.05 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_under_15_years#ukraine#1.04 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_15-64_years#ukraine#0.93 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_65_years_and_over#ukraine#0.47 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_all_ages#ukraine#0.86 male{s}/female {1996 est.})
(people_infant_mortality_rate#ukraine#22.5 deaths/1,000 live births {1996 est.})
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_total_population#ukraine#66.8 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_male#ukraine#61.54 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_female#ukraine#72.32 years {1996 est.})
(people_total_fertility_rate#ukraine#1.6 children born/woman {1996 est.})
(people_nationality_noun#ukraine#Ukrainian{s})
(people_nationality_adjective#ukraine#Ukrainian)
(people_ethnic_divisions#ukraine#Ukrainian 73%, Russian 22%, Jewish 1%, other 4%)
(people_religions#ukraine#Ukrainian Orthodox - Moscow Patriarchate, Ukrainian Orthodox - Kiev Patriarchate, Ukrainian Autocephalous Orthodox, Ukrainian Catholic {Uniate}, Protestant, Jewish)
(people_languages#ukraine#Ukrainian, Russian, Romanian, Polish, Hungarian)
(people_literacy#ukraine#age 15 and over can read and write {1989 est.})
(people_literacy_total_population#ukraine#98%)
(people_literacy_male#ukraine#100%)
(people_literacy_female#ukraine#97%)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_long_form#ukraine#none)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_short_form#ukraine#Ukraine)
(government_name_of_country_local_long_form#ukraine#none)
(government_name_of_country_local_short_form#ukraine#Ukrayina)
(government_name_of_country_former#ukraine#Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic)
(government_data_code#ukraine#UP)
(government_type_of_government#ukraine#republic)
(government_capital#ukraine#Kiev {Kyyiv})
(government_administrative_divisions#ukraine#24 oblasti {singular - oblast'}, 1 autonomous republic* {avtomnaya respublika}, and 2 municipalites {mista, singular - misto} with oblast status**; Cherkas'ka {Cherkasy}, Chernihivs'ka {Chernihiv}, Chernivets'ka {Chernivtsi}, Dnipropetrovs'ka {Dnipropetrovs'k}, Donets'ka {Donets'k}, Ivano-Frankivs'ka {Ivano-Frankivs'k}, Kharkivs'ka {Kharkiv}, Khersons'ka {Kherson}, Khmel'nyts'ka {Khmel'nyts'kyy}, Kirovohrads'ka {Kirovohrad}, Kyyiv**, Kyyivs'ka {Kiev}, Luhans'ka {Luhans'k}, L'vivs'ka {L'viv}, Mykolayivs'ka {Mykolayiv}, Odes'ka {Odesa}, Poltavs'ka {Poltava}, Respublika Krym* {Simferopol'}, Rivnens'ka {Rivne}, Sevastopol'**, Sums'ka {Sevastopol'}, Ternopil's'ka {Ternopil'}, Vinnyts'ka {Vinnytsya}, Volyns'ka {Luts'k}, Zakarpats'ka {Uzhhorod}, Zaporiz'ka {Zaporizhzhya}, Zhytomyrs'ka {Zhytomyr})
(government_administrative_divisions_note#ukraine#names in parentheses are administrative centers when name differs from oblast' name)
(government_independence#ukraine#1 December 1991 {from Soviet Union})
(government_national_holiday#ukraine#Independence Day, 24 August {1991})
(government_constitution#ukraine#adopted 28 June 1996)
(government_legal_system#ukraine#based on civil law system; judicial review of legislative acts)
(government_suffrage#ukraine#18 years of age; universal)
(government_executive_branch_chief_of_state#ukraine#President Leonid D. KUCHMA {since 19 July 1994} was elected for a five-year term by direct popular vote; election last held 26 June and 10 July 1994 {next to be held NA 1999}; results - Leonid KUCHMA 52.15%, Leonid KRAVCHUK 45.06%)
(government_executive_branch_head_of_government#ukraine#Prime Minister Yevhen MARCHUK {since NA June 1995}, First Deputy Prime Minister Pavlo LAZARENKO {since NA}, and eight deputy prime ministers were appointed by the president and approved by the Supreme Council)
(government_executive_branch_cabinet#ukraine#Council of Ministers was appointed by the president and approved by the Supreme Council)
(government_national_security_council#ukraine#originally created in 1992, but significantly revamped and strengthened under President KUCHMA; members include the president, prime minister, ministers of finance, environment, justice, internal affairs, foreign economic relations, economic and foreign affairs; the NSC staff is tasked with developing national security policy on domestic and international matters and advising the president)
(government_presidential_administration#ukraine#helps draft presidential edicts and provides policy support to the president)
(government_council_of_regions#ukraine#advisory body created by President KUCHMA in September 1994; includes the chairmen of Oblast and Kiev and Sevastopol City Supreme Councils)
(government_legislative_branch#ukraine#unicameral)
(government_supreme_council#ukraine#elections last held 27 March 1994 with repeat elections continuing through December 1998 to fill empty seats {next to be held NA}; results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - {450 total} Communists 91, Rukh 22, Agrarians 18, Socialists 15, Republicans 11, Congress of Ukrainian Nationalists 5, Labor 5, Party of Democratic Revival 4, Democrats 2, Social Democrats 2, Civil Congress 2, Conservative Republicans 1, Party of Economic Revival of Crimea 1, Christian Democrats 1, independents 225; note - most recent repeat election held in April 1996 filling 422 of 450 seats as follows: independents 238, Communist 95, Rukh 22, Agrarians 18, Socialist 15, Republicans 11, Congress of Ukrainian Nationalists 5, Labor 5, Party of Democratic Revival 4, Democratic Party of Ukraine 2, Social Democrats 2, Civil Congress 2, Conservative Republicans 1, Party of Economic Rivival of Crimea 1, Christian Democrats 1, vacant 28)
(government_judicial_branch#ukraine#Supreme Court is the highest judicial body; Constitutional Court has exclusive jurisdiction over interpretation of the constitution and laws)
(government_political_parties_and_leaders#ukraine#Green Party of Ukraine, Vitaliy KONONOV, leader; Liberal Party of Ukraine, Volodymyr SHCHERBAN; Liberal Democratic Party of Ukraine, Volodymyr KLYMCHUK, chairman; Democratic Party of Ukraine, Volodymyr Oleksandrovych YAVORIVSKIY, chairman; People's Party of Ukraine; Peasants' Party of Ukraine; Party of Democratic Rebirth {Revival} of Ukraine, Volodymyr FILENKO, chairman; Social Democratic Party of Ukraine, Vasyl ONOPENKO, chairman; Socialist Party of Ukraine, Oleksandr MOROZ, chairman; Ukrainian Christian Democratic Party, Vitaliy ZHURAVSKYY, chairman; Ukrainian Conservative Republican Party, Stepan KHMARA, chairman; Ukrainian Labor Party, Valentyn LANDYK, chairman; Ukrainian Party of Justice, Yuriy ZUBKO, chairman; Ukrainian Peasants' Democratic Party, Serhiy PLACHINDA, chairman; Ukrainian Republican Party, Bondan YAROSHPSKYY, chairman; Ukrainian National Conservative Party; Ukrainian People's Movement for Restructuring {Rukh}, Vyacheslav CHORNOVIL, chairman; Ukrainian Communist Party, Petr SYMONENKO; Agrarian Party; Congress of Ukrainian Nationalists, Slava STESTKO; Civil Congress, O. BAZYLUK; Party of Economic Revival of Crimea; Progressive Socialist Party of Ukraine, Nataliya VITRENKO and Volodymyr MARCHENKO, leaders; People's Democratic Party, Anatoliy MATVIYENKO, chairman)
(government_other_political_or_pressure_groups#ukraine#New Ukraine {Nova Ukrayina}; Congress of National Democratic Forces)
(government_international_organization_participation#ukraine#BSEC, CCC, CE, CIS, EBRD, ECE, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Intelsat {nonsignatory user}, Interpol, IOC, IOM {observer}, ISO, ITU, NACC, OSCE, PCA, PFP, UN, UNCRO, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNMOT, UNPREDEP, UNPROFOR, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTrO {applicant})
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_chief_of_mission#ukraine#Ambassador Yuriy Mikolayevych SHCHERBAK)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_chancery#ukraine#3350 M Street NW, Washington, DC 20007)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_telephone#ukraine#[1] {202} 333-0606)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_fax#ukraine#[1] {202} 333-0817)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_consulate{s}_general#ukraine#Chicago and New York)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_chief_of_mission#ukraine#Ambassador William Green MILLER)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_embassy#ukraine#10 Yuria Kotsyubinskovo, 252053 Kiev 53)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_mailing_address#ukraine#use embassy street address)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_telephone#ukraine#[380] {44} 244-7345)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_fax#ukraine#[380] {44} 244-7350)
(government_flag#ukraine#two equal horizontal bands of azure {top} and golden yellow represent grainfields under a blue sky)
(economy_economic_overview#ukraine#After Russia, the Ukrainian republic was far and away the most important economic component of the former Soviet Union, producing about four times the output of the next-ranking republic. Its fertile black soil generated more than one-fourth of Soviet agricultural output, and its farms provided substantial quantities of meat, milk, grain, and vegetables to other republics. Likewise, its diversified heavy industry supplied equipment and raw materials to industrial and mining sites in other regions of the former USSR. In early 1992, the Ukrainian Government liberalized most prices and erected a legal framework for privatization, but widespread resistance to reform within the government and the legislature soon stalled reform efforts and led to some backtracking. Loose monetary policies pushed inflation to hyperinflationary levels in late 1993. Since his election in July 1994, President KUCHMA has developed a comprehensive economic reform program, maintained financial discipline, and removed almost all controls over prices and foreign trade. Implementation of KUCHMA's economic agenda is encountering considerable resistance from parliament, entrenched bureaucrats, and industrial interests. However, should KUCHMA succeed in implementing aggressive market reforms during 1996, the economy may stabilize and possibly achieve real growth in the range of 0.5%-1%.)
(economy_gdp#ukraine#purchasing power parity - $174.6 billion {1995 estimate as extrapolated from World Bank estimate for 1994})
(economy_gdp_real_growth_rate#ukraine#-4% {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_per_capita#ukraine#$3,370 {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_agriculture#ukraine#31%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_industry#ukraine#43%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_services#ukraine#26% {1993 est.})
(economy_inflation_rate_{consumer_prices}#ukraine#9% monthly average {1995})
(economy_labor_force#ukraine#23.55 million {January 1994})
(economy_labor_force_by_occupation#ukraine#industry and construction 33%, agriculture and forestry 21%, health, education, and culture 16%, trade and distribution 7%, transport and communication 7%, other 16% {1992})
(economy_unemployment_rate#ukraine#0.7% officially registered; large number of unregistered or underemployed workers {December 1995})
(economy_budget_revenues#ukraine#$NA)
(economy_budget_expenditures#ukraine#$NA, including capital expenditures of $NA)
(economy_industries#ukraine#coal, electric power, ferrous and nonferrous metals, machinery and transport equipment, chemicals, food-processing {especially sugar})
(economy_industrial_production_growth_rate#ukraine#-11% {1995 est.})
(economy_electricity_capacity#ukraine#54,380,000 kW)
(economy_electricity_production#ukraine#192.1 billion kWh)
(economy_electricity_consumption_per_capita#ukraine#3,200 kWh {1995 est.})
(economy_agriculture#ukraine#grain, sugar beets, vegetables; meat, milk)
(economy_illicit_drugs#ukraine#illicit cultivator of cannabis and opium poppy; mostly for CIS consumption; limited government eradication program; used as transshipment point for illicit drugs to Western Europe)
(economy_exports#ukraine#$11.3 billion {1995})
(economy_exports_commodities#ukraine#coal, electric power, ferrous and nonferrous metals, chemicals, machinery and transport equipment, grain, meat)
(economy_exports_partners#ukraine#other FSU countries, China, Italy, Switzerland)
(economy_imports#ukraine#$10.7 billion {1995})
(economy_imports_commodities#ukraine#energy, machinery and parts, transportation equipment, chemicals, textiles)
(economy_imports_partners#ukraine#other FSU countries, Germany, Poland, Czech Republic)
(economy_external_debt#ukraine#$8.8 billion {including $4.5 billion to Russia} {late 1995 est.})
(economy_economic_aid_recipient#ukraine#ODA, $220 million {1993})
(economy_economic_aid_note#ukraine#commitments, 1992-95, $4.5 billion {$4.1 billion drawn})
(economy_currency#ukraine#on 2 September 1996, Ukraine introduced the long-awaited hryvnia {plural hryvni} as its national currency, replacing the karbovanets {in circulation since 12 November 1992} at a rate of 100,000 karbovantsi to 1 hryvnia)
(economy_exchange_rates#ukraine#hryvnia per US$1 - 1.76 {2 September 1996})
(economy_fiscal_year#ukraine#calendar year)
(transportation_railways_total#ukraine#23,350 km)
(transportation_railways_broad_gauge#ukraine#23,350 km 1.524-m gauge {8,600 km electrified})
(transportation_highways_total#ukraine#169,964 km)
(transportation_highways_paved#ukraine#168,094 km {including 1,767 km of expressways})
(transportation_highways_unpaved#ukraine#1,870 km {1992 est.})
(transportation_waterways#ukraine#4,400 km navigable waterways, of which 1,672 km were on the Pryp''yat' and Dnipro {1990})
(transportation_pipelines#ukraine#crude oil 2,010 km; petroleum products 1,920 km; natural gas 7,800 km {1992})
(transportation_ports#ukraine#Berdyans'k, Illichivs'k, Izmayil, Kerch, Kherson, Kiev {Kyyiv}, Mariupol', Mykolayiv, Odesa, Pivdenne, Reni)
(transportation_merchant_marine_total#ukraine#353 ships {1,000 GRT or over} totaling 3,262,341 GRT/4,356,374 DWT)
(transportation_merchant_marine_ships_by_type#ukraine#barge carrier 5, bulk 39, cargo 217, chemical tanker 2, combination bulk 1, container 11, multifunction large-load carrier 3, oil tanker 21, passenger 7, passenger-cargo 5, railcar carrier 2, refrigerated cargo 5, roll-on/roll-off cargo 32, short-sea passenger 3 {1995 est.})
(transportation_airports_total#ukraine#706)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_over_3,047_m#ukraine#14)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_2,438_to_3,047_m#ukraine#55)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_1,524_to_2,437_m#ukraine#34)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_914_to_1,523_m#ukraine#3)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_under_914_m#ukraine#57)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_over_3,047_m#ukraine#7)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_2,438_to_3,047_m#ukraine#7)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_1,524_to_2,437_m#ukraine#16)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_914_to_1,523_m#ukraine#37)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_under_914_m#ukraine#476 {1994 est.})
(communications_telephones#ukraine#NA)
(communications_telephone_system#ukraine#system is unsatisfactory both for business and for personal use; 3.56 million applications for telephones had not been satisfied as of January 1991; electronic mail services have been established in Kiev, Odessa, and Luhans'k by Sprint)
(communications_telephone_system_domestic#ukraine#an NMT-450 analog cellular telephone network operates in Kiev {Kyyiv} and allows direct dialing of international calls through Kiev's digital exchange)
(communications_telephone_system_international#ukraine#calls to other CIS countries are carried by landline or microwave radio relay; calls to 167 other countries are carried by satellite or by the 150 leased lines through the Moscow international gateway switch; satellite earth stations - NA Intelsat, 1 Inmarsat {Atlantic and Indian Ocean Regions}, and NA Intersputnik)
(communications_radio_broadcast_stations#ukraine#AM NA, FM NA, shortwave NA; note - there are at least two radio broadcast stations of NA type)
(communications_radios#ukraine#15 million {1990})
(communications_television_broadcast_stations#ukraine#at least 2)
(communications_televisions#ukraine#17.3 million {1992})
(defense_branches#ukraine#Army, Navy, Air and Air Defense Forces, Internal Troops, National Guard, Border Troops)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_age_15-49#ukraine#12,388,788)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_fit_for_military_service#ukraine#9,716,127)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_reach_military_age_{18}_annually#ukraine#362,000 {1996 est.})
(defense_defense_expenditures#ukraine#1.35 billion hryvni, less than 2% of GDP {Ukrainian Government's forecast for 1996}; note - conversion of defense expenditures into US dollars using the current exchange rate could produce misleading results)
(geography_location#united_arab_emirates#Middle East, bordering the Gulf of Oman and the Persian Gulf, between Oman and Saudi Arabia)
(geography_geographic_coordinates#united_arab_emirates#24 00 N, 54 00 E)
(geography_map_references#united_arab_emirates#Middle East)
(geography_area_total_area#united_arab_emirates#75,581 sq km)
(geography_area_land_area#united_arab_emirates#75,581 sq km)
(geography_area_comparative_area#united_arab_emirates#slightly smaller than Maine)
(geography_land_boundaries_total#united_arab_emirates#867 km)
(geography_land_boundaries_border_countries#united_arab_emirates#Oman 410 km, Saudi Arabia 457 km)
(geography_coastline#united_arab_emirates#1,318 km)
(geography_maritime_claims_contiguous_zone#united_arab_emirates#24 nm)
(geography_maritime_claims_continental_shelf#united_arab_emirates#200 nm or to the edge of the continental margin)
(geography_maritime_claims_exclusive_economic_zone#united_arab_emirates#200 nm)
(geography_maritime_claims_territorial_sea#united_arab_emirates#12 nm)
(geography_international_disputes#united_arab_emirates#location and status of boundary with Saudi Arabia is not final, defacto boundary reflects 1974 agreement; no defined boundary with most of Oman, but Administrative Line in far north; claims two islands in the Persian Gulf occupied by Iran: Lesser Tunb {called Tunb as Sughra in Arabic by UAE and Jazireh-ye Tonb-e Kuchek in Persian by Iran} and Greater Tunb {called Tunb al Kubra in Arabic by UAE and Jazireh-ye Tonb-e Bozorg in Persian by Iran}; claims island in the Persian Gulf jointly administered with Iran {called Abu Musa in Arabic by UAE and Jazireh-ye Abu Musa in Persian by Iran}; in 1992, the dispute over Abu Musa and the Tunb islands became more acute when Iran unilaterally tried to control the entry of third country nationals into the UAE portion of Abu Musa island, Tehran subsequently backed off in the face of significant diplomatic support for the UAE in the region)
(geography_climate#united_arab_emirates#desert; cooler in eastern mountains)
(geography_terrain#united_arab_emirates#flat, barren coastal plain merging into rolling sand dunes of vast desert wasteland; mountains in east)
(geography_terrain_lowest_point#united_arab_emirates#Persian Gulf 0 m)
(geography_terrain_highest_point#united_arab_emirates#Jabal Yibir 1,527 m)
(geography_natural_resources#united_arab_emirates#petroleum, natural gas)
(geography_land_use_arable_land#united_arab_emirates#0%)
(geography_land_use_permanent_crops#united_arab_emirates#0%)
(geography_land_use_meadows_and_pastures#united_arab_emirates#2%)
(geography_land_use_forest_and_woodland#united_arab_emirates#0%)
(geography_land_use_other#united_arab_emirates#98%)
(geography_irrigated_land#united_arab_emirates#50 sq km {1989 est.})
(geography_environment_current_issues#united_arab_emirates#lack of natural freshwater resources being overcome by desalination plants; desertification; beach pollution from oil spills)
(geography_environment_natural_hazards#united_arab_emirates#frequent sand and dust storms)
(geography_environment_international_agreements#united_arab_emirates#party to - Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection; signed, but not ratified - Biodiversity, Law of the Sea)
(geography_geographic_note#united_arab_emirates#strategic location along southern approaches to Strait of Hormuz, a vital transit point for world crude oil)
(people_population#united_arab_emirates#3,057,337 {July 1996 est.})
(people_age_structure_0-14_years#united_arab_emirates#35% {male 542,848; female 519,952})
(people_age_structure_15-64_years#united_arab_emirates#64% {male 1,277,829; female 683,282})
(people_age_structure_65_years_and_over#united_arab_emirates#1% {male 22,246; female 11,180} {July 1996 est.})
(people_population_growth_rate#united_arab_emirates#4.33% {1996 est.})
(people_birth_rate#united_arab_emirates#26.43 births/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_death_rate#united_arab_emirates#3.03 deaths/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_net_migration_rate#united_arab_emirates#19.91 migrant{s}/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_sex_ratio_at_birth#united_arab_emirates#1.05 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_under_15_years#united_arab_emirates#1.04 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_15-64_years#united_arab_emirates#1.87 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_65_years_and_over#united_arab_emirates#1.99 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_all_ages#united_arab_emirates#1.52 male{s}/female {1996 est.})
(people_infant_mortality_rate#united_arab_emirates#20.4 deaths/1,000 live births {1996 est.})
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_total_population#united_arab_emirates#72.74 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_male#united_arab_emirates#70.64 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_female#united_arab_emirates#74.94 years {1996 est.})
(people_total_fertility_rate#united_arab_emirates#4.46 children born/woman {1996 est.})
(people_nationality_noun#united_arab_emirates#Emiri{s})
(people_nationality_adjective#united_arab_emirates#Emiri)
(people_ethnic_divisions#united_arab_emirates#Emiri 19%, other Arab and Iranian 23%, South Asian 50%, other expatriates {includes Westerners and East Asians} 8% {1982})
(people_ethnic_divisions_note#united_arab_emirates#less than 20% are UAE citizens {1982})
(people_religions#united_arab_emirates#Muslim 96% {Shi'a 16%}, Christian, Hindu, and other 4%)
(people_languages#united_arab_emirates#Arabic {official}, Persian, English, Hindi, Urdu)
(people_literacy#united_arab_emirates#age 15 and over can read and write but definition of literacy not available {1995 est.})
(people_literacy_total_population#united_arab_emirates#79.2%)
(people_literacy_male#united_arab_emirates#78.9%)
(people_literacy_female#united_arab_emirates#79.8%)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_long_form#united_arab_emirates#United Arab Emirates)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_short_form#united_arab_emirates#none)
(government_name_of_country_local_long_form#united_arab_emirates#Al Imarata al Arabiyah al Muttahidah)
(government_name_of_country_local_short_form#united_arab_emirates#none)
(government_name_of_country_former#united_arab_emirates#Trucial States)
(government_name_of_country_abbreviation#united_arab_emirates#UAE)
(government_data_code#united_arab_emirates#TC)
(government_type_of_government#united_arab_emirates#federation with specified powers delegated to the UAE central government and other powers reserved to member emirates)
(government_capital#united_arab_emirates#Abu Dhabi)
(government_administrative_divisions#united_arab_emirates#7 emirates {imarat, singular - imarah}; Abu Zaby {Abu Dhabi}, 'Ajman, Al Fujayrah, Ash Shariqah {Sharjah}, Dubayy {Dubai}, Ra's al Khaymah, Umm al Qaywayn)
(government_independence#united_arab_emirates#2 December 1971 {from UK})
(government_national_holiday#united_arab_emirates#National Day, 2 December {1971})
(government_constitution#united_arab_emirates#2 December 1971 {provisional})
(government_legal_system#united_arab_emirates#federal court system introduced in 1971; all emirates except Dubayy {Dubai} and Ra's al Khaymah have joined the federal system; all emirates have secular and Islamic law for civil, criminal, and high courts)
(government_suffrage#united_arab_emirates#none)
(government_executive_branch_chief_of_state#united_arab_emirates#President ZAYID bin Sultan Al Nuhayyan {since 2 December 1971}, ruler of Abu Zaby {Abu Dhabi} {since NA 1966} and Vice President MAKTUM bin Rashid al-Maktum {since 8 October 1990}, ruler of Dubayy {Dubai} were elected by the Supreme Council of Rulers)
(government_executive_branch_head_of_government#united_arab_emirates#Prime Minister MAKTUM bin Rashid al-Maktum {since 8 October 1990}, ruler of Dubayy {Dubai} and Deputy Prime Minister SULTAN bin Zayid Al Nuhayyan {since 20 November 1990} were appointed by the president)
(government_supreme_council_of_rulers#united_arab_emirates#composed of the seven emirate rulers, the council is the highest constitutional authority in the UAE; establishes general policies and sanctions federal legislation, Abu Zaby {Abu Dhabi} and Dubayy {Dubai} rulers have effective veto power; council meets four times a year)
(government_supreme_council_of_rulers_cabinet#united_arab_emirates#Council of Ministers was appointed by the president)
(government_legislative_branch#united_arab_emirates#unicameral Federal National Council {Majlis Watani Itihad}; no elections; reviews legislation, but cannot change or veto)
(government_judicial_branch#united_arab_emirates#Union Supreme Court, judges appointed by the president)
(government_political_parties_and_leaders#united_arab_emirates#none)
(government_other_political_or_pressure_groups#united_arab_emirates#NA)
(government_international_organization_participation#united_arab_emirates#ABEDA, AfDB, AFESD, AL, AMF, CAEU, CCC, ESCWA, FAO, G-77, GCC, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, ISO {correspondent}, ITU, NAM, OAPEC, OIC, OPEC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_chief_of_mission#united_arab_emirates#Ambassador Muhammad bin Husayn al-SHAALI)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_chancery#united_arab_emirates#Suite 600, 3000 K Street NW, Washington, DC 20007)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_telephone#united_arab_emirates#[1] {202} 338-6500)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_chief_of_mission#united_arab_emirates#Ambassador David C. LITT)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_embassy#united_arab_emirates#Al-Sudan Street, Abu Dhabi)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_mailing_address#united_arab_emirates#P. O. Box 4009, Abu Dhabi; American Embassy Abu Dhabi, Department of State, Washington, DC 20521-6010 {pouch})
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_telephone#united_arab_emirates#[971] {2} 436691, 436692)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_fax#united_arab_emirates#[971] {2} 434771)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_consulate{s}_general#united_arab_emirates#Dubai)
(government_flag#united_arab_emirates#three equal horizontal bands of green {top}, white, and black with a thicker vertical red band on the hoist side)
(economy_economic_overview#united_arab_emirates#The UAE has an open economy with one of the world's highest incomes per capita and with a sizable annual trade surplus. Its wealth is based on oil and gas output {about 33% of GDP}, and the fortunes of the economy fluctuate with the prices of those commodities. Since 1973, the UAE has undergone a profound transformation from an impoverished region of small desert principalities to a modern state with a high standard of living. At present levels of production, crude oil reserves should last for over 100 years. Although much stronger economically than most Gulf states, the UAE faces similar problems with weak international oil prices and the pressures for cuts in OPEC oil production quotas. The UAE Government is encouraging increased privatization within the economy.)
(economy_gdp#united_arab_emirates#purchasing power parity - $70.1 billion {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_real_growth_rate#united_arab_emirates#3.3% {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_per_capita#united_arab_emirates#$24,000 {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_agriculture#united_arab_emirates#2%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_industry#united_arab_emirates#55%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_services#united_arab_emirates#43% {1994 est.})
(economy_inflation_rate_{consumer_prices}#united_arab_emirates#4.6% {1994 est.})
(economy_labor_force#united_arab_emirates#794,400 {1993 est.})
(economy_labor_force_by_occupation#united_arab_emirates#industry and commerce 56%, services 38%, agriculture 6% {1990 est.})
(economy_labor_force_note#united_arab_emirates#80% of labor force is foreign {est.})
(economy_unemployment_rate#united_arab_emirates#NEGL% {1988})
(economy_budget_revenues#united_arab_emirates#$4.6 billion)
(economy_budget_expenditures#united_arab_emirates#$4.9 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA {1995 est.})
(economy_industries#united_arab_emirates#petroleum, fishing, petrochemicals, construction materials, some boat building, handicrafts, pearling)
(economy_industrial_production_growth_rate#united_arab_emirates#-1.1% {1994 est.})
(economy_electricity_capacity#united_arab_emirates#4,760,000 kW)
(economy_electricity_production#united_arab_emirates#16.5 billion kWh)
(economy_electricity_consumption_per_capita#united_arab_emirates#5,796 kWh {1993})
(economy_agriculture#united_arab_emirates#dates, vegetables, watermelons; poultry, eggs, dairy products; fish)
(economy_illicit_drugs#united_arab_emirates#growing role as heroin transshipment and money-laundering center)
(economy_exports#united_arab_emirates#$25.3 billion {f.o.b., 1994 est.})
(economy_exports_commodities#united_arab_emirates#crude oil 66%, natural gas, reexports, dried fish, dates)
(economy_exports_partners#united_arab_emirates#Japan 45%, India 6%, Oman 6%, South Korea 5%, Iran 5% {1994})
(economy_imports#united_arab_emirates#$21.7 billion {f.o.b., 1994})
(economy_imports_commodities#united_arab_emirates#manufactured goods, machinery and transport equipment, food)
(economy_imports_partners#united_arab_emirates#Japan 11%, UK 8%, Germany 8%, US 8%, Italy 7% {1994})
(economy_external_debt#united_arab_emirates#$11.6 billion {1994 est.})
(economy_economic_aid#united_arab_emirates#$NA)
(economy_currency#united_arab_emirates#1 Emirian dirham {Dh} = 100 fils)
(economy_exchange_rates#united_arab_emirates#Emirian dirhams {Dh} per US$1 - 3.6710 {fixed rate})
(economy_fiscal_year#united_arab_emirates#calendar year)
(transportation_railways#united_arab_emirates#0 km)
(transportation_highways_total#united_arab_emirates#3,000 km)
(transportation_highways_paved#united_arab_emirates#3,000 km)
(transportation_highways_unpaved#united_arab_emirates#0 km {1993 est.})
(transportation_pipelines#united_arab_emirates#crude oil 830 km; natural gas, including natural gas liquids, 870 km)
(transportation_ports#united_arab_emirates#'Ajman, Al Fujayrah, Das Island, Khawr Fakkan, Mina' Jabal 'Ali, Mina' Khalid, Mina' Rashid, Mina' Saqr, Mina' Zayid, Umm al Qaywayn)
(transportation_merchant_marine_total#united_arab_emirates#57 ships {1,000 GRT or over} totaling 1,068,980 GRT/1,876,504 DWT)
(transportation_merchant_marine_ships_by_type#united_arab_emirates#bulk 2, cargo 17, chemical tanker 2, container 7, liquefied gas tanker 1, livestock carrier 1, oil tanker 22, refrigerated cargo 2, roll-on/roll-off cargo 3 {1995 est.})
(transportation_airports_total#united_arab_emirates#36)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_over_3,047_m#united_arab_emirates#9)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_2,438_to_3,047_m#united_arab_emirates#3)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_1,524_to_2,437_m#united_arab_emirates#2)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_914_to_1,523_m#united_arab_emirates#3)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_under_914_m#united_arab_emirates#10)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_1,524_to_2,437_m#united_arab_emirates#2)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_914_to_1,523_m#united_arab_emirates#7 {1995 est.})
(transportation_heliports#united_arab_emirates#2 {1995 est.})
(communications_telephones#united_arab_emirates#677,793 {1993 est.})
(communications_telephone_system#united_arab_emirates#modern system consisting of microwave radio relay and coaxial cable; key centers are Abu Dhabi and Dubai)
(communications_telephone_system_domestic#united_arab_emirates#microwave radio relay and coaxial cable)
(communications_telephone_system_international#united_arab_emirates#satellite earth stations - 3 Intelsat {1 Atlantic Ocean and 2 Indian Ocean} and 1 Arabsat; submarine cables to Qatar, Bahrain, India, and Pakistan; tropospheric scatter to Bahrain; microwave radio relay to Saudi Arabia)
(communications_radio_broadcast_stations#united_arab_emirates#AM 8, FM 3, shortwave 0)
(communications_radios#united_arab_emirates#545,000 {1992 est.})
(communications_television_broadcast_stations#united_arab_emirates#12)
(communications_televisions#united_arab_emirates#170,000 {1993 est.})
(defense_branches#united_arab_emirates#Army, Navy, Air Force, paramilitary {includes Federal Police Force})
(defense_manpower_availability_males_age_15-49#united_arab_emirates#1,102,080)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_fit_for_military_service#united_arab_emirates#599,439)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_reach_military_age_{18}_annually#united_arab_emirates#21,250 {1996 est.})
(defense_defense_expenditures#united_arab_emirates#exchange rate conversion - $1.59 billion, 4.3% of GDP {1994})
(geography_location#united_kingdom#Western Europe, islands including the northern one-sixth of the island of Ireland between the North Atlantic Ocean and the North Sea, northwest of France)
(geography_geographic_coordinates#united_kingdom#54 00 N, 2 00 W)
(geography_map_references#united_kingdom#Europe)
(geography_area_total_area#united_kingdom#244,820 sq km)
(geography_area_land_area#united_kingdom#241,590 sq km)
(geography_area_comparative_area#united_kingdom#slightly smaller than Oregon)
(geography_area_note#united_kingdom#includes Rockall and Shetland Islands)
(geography_land_boundaries_total#united_kingdom#360 km)
(geography_land_boundaries_border_country#united_kingdom#Ireland 360 km)
(geography_coastline#united_kingdom#12,429 km)
(geography_maritime_claims_continental_shelf#united_kingdom#as defined in continental shelf orders or in accordance with agreed upon boundaries)
(geography_maritime_claims_exclusive_fishing_zone#united_kingdom#200 nm)
(geography_maritime_claims_territorial_sea#united_kingdom#12 nm)
(geography_international_disputes#united_kingdom#Northern Ireland question with Ireland; Gibraltar question with Spain; Argentina claims Falkland Islands {Islas Malvinas}; Argentina claims South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands; Mauritius claims island of Diego Garcia in British Indian Ocean Territory; Rockall continental shelf dispute involving Denmark, Iceland, and Ireland {Ireland and the UK have signed a boundary agreement in the Rockall area}; territorial claim in Antarctica {British Antarctic Territory})
(geography_climate#united_kingdom#temperate; moderated by prevailing southwest winds over the North Atlantic Current; more than one-half of the days are overcast)
(geography_terrain#united_kingdom#mostly rugged hills and low mountains; level to rolling plains in east and southeast)
(geography_terrain_lowest_point#united_kingdom#Fenland -4 m)
(geography_terrain_highest_point#united_kingdom#Ben Nevis 1,343 m)
(geography_natural_resources#united_kingdom#coal, petroleum, natural gas, tin, limestone, iron ore, salt, clay, chalk, gypsum, lead, silica)
(geography_land_use_arable_land#united_kingdom#29%)
(geography_land_use_permanent_crops#united_kingdom#0%)
(geography_land_use_meadows_and_pastures#united_kingdom#48%)
(geography_land_use_forest_and_woodland#united_kingdom#9%)
(geography_land_use_other#united_kingdom#14%)
(geography_irrigated_land#united_kingdom#1,570 sq km {1989})
(geography_environment_current_issues#united_kingdom#sulfur dioxide emissions from power plants contribute to air pollution; some rivers polluted by agricultural wastes and coastal waters polluted because of large-scale disposal of sewage at sea)
(geography_environment_natural_hazards#united_kingdom#NA)
(geography_environment_international_agreements#united_kingdom#party to - Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Wetlands, Whaling; signed, but not ratified - Air Pollution-Sulphur 94, Desertification)
(geography_geographic_note#united_kingdom#lies near vital North Atlantic sea lanes; only 35 km from France and now linked by tunnel under the English Channel; because of heavily indented coastline, no location is more than 125 km from tidal waters)
(people_population#united_kingdom#58,489,975 {July 1996 est.})
(people_age_structure_0-14_years#united_kingdom#20% {male 5,853,545; female 5,565,153})
(people_age_structure_15-64_years#united_kingdom#65% {male 19,050,420; female 18,797,406})
(people_age_structure_65_years_and_over#united_kingdom#15% {male 3,753,361; female 5,470,090} {July 1996 est.})
(people_population_growth_rate#united_kingdom#0.22% {1996 est.})
(people_birth_rate#united_kingdom#13.12 births/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_death_rate#united_kingdom#11.24 deaths/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_net_migration_rate#united_kingdom#0.3 migrant{s}/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_sex_ratio_at_birth#united_kingdom#1.05 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_under_15_years#united_kingdom#1.05 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_15-64_years#united_kingdom#1.01 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_65_years_and_over#united_kingdom#0.69 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_all_ages#united_kingdom#0.96 male{s}/female {1996 est.})
(people_infant_mortality_rate#united_kingdom#6.4 deaths/1,000 live births {1996 est.})
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_total_population#united_kingdom#76.41 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_male#united_kingdom#73.78 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_female#united_kingdom#79.17 years {1996 est.})
(people_total_fertility_rate#united_kingdom#1.82 children born/woman {1996 est.})
(people_nationality_noun#united_kingdom#Briton{s}, British {collective plural})
(people_nationality_adjective#united_kingdom#British)
(people_ethnic_divisions#united_kingdom#English 81.5%, Scottish 9.6%, Irish 2.4%, Welsh 1.9%, Ulster 1.8%, West Indian, Indian, Pakistani, and other 2.8%)
(people_religions#united_kingdom#Anglican 27 million, Roman Catholic 9 million, Muslim 1 million, Presbyterian 800,000, Methodist 760,000, Sikh 400,000, Hindu 350,000, Jewish 300,000 {1991 est.})
(people_religions_note#united_kingdom#the UK does not include a question on religion in its census)
(people_languages#united_kingdom#English, Welsh {about 26% of the population of Wales}, Scottish form of Gaelic {about 60,000 in Scotland})
(people_literacy#united_kingdom#age 15 and over has completed five or more years of schooling {1978 est.})
(people_literacy_total_population#united_kingdom#99%)
(people_literacy_male#united_kingdom#NA%)
(people_literacy_female#united_kingdom#NA%)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_long_form#united_kingdom#United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_short_form#united_kingdom#United Kingdom)
(government_name_of_country_abbreviation#united_kingdom#UK)
(government_data_code#united_kingdom#UK)
(government_type_of_government#united_kingdom#constitutional monarchy)
(government_capital#united_kingdom#London)
(government_administrative_divisions#united_kingdom#47 counties, 7 metropolitan counties, 26 districts, 9 regions, and 3 islands areas)
(government_england#united_kingdom#39 counties, 7 metropolitan counties*; Avon, Bedford, Berkshire, Buckingham, Cambridge, Cheshire, Cleveland, Cornwall, Cumbria, Derby, Devon, Dorset, Durham, East Sussex, Essex, Gloucester, Greater London*, Greater Manchester*, Hampshire, Hereford and Worcester, Hertford, Humberside, Isle of Wight, Kent, Lancashire, Leicester, Lincoln, Merseyside*, Norfolk, Northampton, Northumberland, North Yorkshire, Nottingham, Oxford, Shropshire, Somerset, South Yorkshire*, Stafford, Suffolk, Surrey, Tyne and Wear*, Warwick, West Midlands*, West Sussex, West Yorkshire*, Wiltshire)
(government_northern_ireland#united_kingdom#26 districts; Antrim, Ards, Armagh, Ballymena, Ballymoney, Banbridge, Belfast, Carrickfergus, Castlereagh, Coleraine, Cookstown, Craigavon, Down, Dungannon, Fermanagh, Larne, Limavady, Lisburn, Londonderry, Magherafelt, Moyle, Newry and Mourne, Newtownabbey, North Down, Omagh, Strabane)
(government_scotland#united_kingdom#9 regions, 3 islands areas*; Borders, Central, Dumfries and Galloway, Fife, Grampian, Highland, Lothian, Orkney*, Shetland*, Strathclyde, Tayside, Western Isles*)
(government_wales#united_kingdom#8 counties; Clwyd, Dyfed, Gwent, Gwynedd, Mid Glamorgan, Powys, South Glamorgan, West Glamorgan)
(government_dependent_areas#united_kingdom#Anguilla, Bermuda, British Indian Ocean Territory, British Virgin Islands, Cayman Islands, Falkland Islands, Gibraltar, Guernsey, Hong Kong {scheduled to become a Special Administrative Region of China on 1 July 1997}, Jersey, Isle of Man, Montserrat, Pitcairn Islands, Saint Helena, South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands, Turks and Caicos Islands)
(government_independence#united_kingdom#1 January 1801 {United Kingdom established})
(government_national_holiday#united_kingdom#Celebration of the Birthday of the Queen {second Saturday in June})
(government_constitution#united_kingdom#unwritten; partly statutes, partly common law and practice)
(government_legal_system#united_kingdom#common law tradition with early Roman and modern continental influences; no judicial review of Acts of Parliament; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations)
(government_suffrage#united_kingdom#18 years of age; universal)
(government_executive_branch_chief_of_state#united_kingdom#Queen ELIZABETH II {since 6 February 1952} is a hereditary monarch; Heir Apparent Prince CHARLES {son of the queen, born 14 November 1948})
(government_executive_branch_head_of_government#united_kingdom#Prime Minister John MAJOR {since 28 November 1990} is the leader of the party which holds the majority in the House of Commons and must have the consent of the monarch)
(government_executive_branch_cabinet#united_kingdom#Cabinet of Ministers was appointed by the prime minister)
(government_legislative_branch#united_kingdom#bicameral Parliament)
(government_house_of_lords#united_kingdom#consists of a 1,200-member body, four-fifths are hereditary peers, two archbishops, 24 other senior bishops, serving and retired Lords of Appeal in Ordinary, other life peers, Scottish peers)
(government_house_of_commons#united_kingdom#elections last held 9 April 1992 {next to be held by NA April 1997}; results - Conservative 41.9%, Labor 34.5%, Liberal Democratic 17.9%, other 5.7%; seats - {651 total} Conservative 336, Labor 271, Liberal Democratic 20, other 24)
(government_judicial_branch#united_kingdom#House of Lords, several Lords of Appeal in Ordinary are appointed by the monarch for life)
(government_political_parties_and_leaders#united_kingdom#Conservative and Unionist Party, John MAJOR; Labor Party, Anthony {Tony} Blair; Liberal Democrats {LD}, Jeremy {Paddy} ASHDOWN; Scottish National Party, Alex SALMOND; Welsh National Party {Plaid Cymru}, Dafydd Iwan WIGLEY; Ulster Unionist Party {Northern Ireland}, David TRIMBLE; Democratic Unionist Party {Northern Ireland}, Rev. Ian PAISLEY; Social Democratic and Labor Party {SDLP, Northern Ireland}, John HUME; Sinn Fein {Northern Ireland}, Gerry ADAMS; Alliance Party {Northern Ireland}, John ALDERDICE)
(government_other_political_or_pressure_groups#united_kingdom#Trades Union Congress; Confederation of British Industry; National Farmers' Union; Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament)
(government_international_organization_participation#united_kingdom#AfDB, AG {observer}, AsDB, Australia Group, BIS, C, CCC, CDB {non-regional}, CE, CERN, EBRD, ECA {associate}, ECE, ECLAC, EIB, ESA, ESCAP, EU, FAO, G- 5, G- 7, G-10, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Inmarsat, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, IOM {observer}, ISO, ITU, MTCR, NACC, NATO, NEA, NSG, OECD, OSCE, PCA, SPC, UN, UN Security Council, UNAVEM III, UNCRO, UNCTAD, UNFICYP, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIKOM, UNITAR, UNOMIG, UNPREDEP, UNPROFOR, UNRWA, UNU, UPU, WCL, WEU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTrO, ZC)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_chief_of_mission#united_kingdom#Ambassador Sir John Olav KERR)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_chancery#united_kingdom#3100 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_telephone#united_kingdom#[1] {202} 462-1340)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_fax#united_kingdom#[1] {202} 898-4255)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_consulate{s}_general#united_kingdom#Atlanta, Boston, Chicago, Cleveland, Houston, Los Angeles, New York, and San Francisco)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_consulate{s}#united_kingdom#Dallas, Miami, and Seattle)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_chief_of_mission#united_kingdom#Ambassador William J. CROWE, Jr.)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_embassy#united_kingdom#24/31 Grosvenor Square, London, W. 1A1AE)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_mailing_address#united_kingdom#PSC 801, Box 40, London; FPO AE 09498-4040)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_telephone#united_kingdom#[44] {71} 499-9000)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_fax#united_kingdom#[44] {71} 409-1637)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_consulate{s}_general#united_kingdom#Belfast, Edinburgh)
(government_flag#united_kingdom#blue with the red cross of Saint George {patron saint of England} edged in white superimposed on the diagonal red cross of Saint Patrick {patron saint of Ireland} which is superimposed on the diagonal white cross of Saint Andrew {patron saint of Scotland}; known as the Union Flag or Union Jack; the design and colors {especially the Blue Ensign} have been the basis for a number of other flags including dependencies, Commonwealth countries, and others)
(economy_economic_overview#united_kingdom#The UK is one of the world's great trading powers and financial centers, and its economy ranks among the four largest in Western Europe. The economy is essentially capitalistic; over the past 13 years the ruling Tories have greatly reduced public ownership and contained the growth of social welfare programs. Agriculture is intensive, highly mechanized, and efficient by European standards, producing about 60% of food needs with only about 1% of the labor force. The UK has large coal, natural gas, and oil reserves, and primary energy production accounts for 12% of GDP, one of the highest shares of any industrial nation. Services, particularly banking, insurance, and business services, account by far for the largest proportion of GDP while industry continues to decline in importance, now employing only 25% of the work force. The economy registered 3.9% GDP growth in 1994, the best rate for six years, but slipped back to 2.7% in 1995. Exports and manufacturing output have been the primary engines of growth. Unemployment is gradually falling. Inflation is at a tolerable 3%. A major economic policy question for the UK in the 1990s is the terms on which it participates in the financial and economic integration of Europe.)
(economy_gdp#united_kingdom#purchasing power parity - $1.1384 trillion {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_real_growth_rate#united_kingdom#2.7% {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_per_capita#united_kingdom#$19,500 {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_agriculture#united_kingdom#1.7%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_industry#united_kingdom#27.7%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_services#united_kingdom#70.6% {1993})
(economy_inflation_rate_{consumer_prices}#united_kingdom#3.1% {November 1995})
(economy_labor_force#united_kingdom#28.048 million)
(economy_labor_force_by_occupation#united_kingdom#services 62.8%, manufacturing and construction 25.0%, government 9.1%, energy 1.9%, agriculture 1.2% {June 1992})
(economy_unemployment_rate#united_kingdom#8% {December 1995})
(economy_budget_revenues#united_kingdom#$388.9 billion)
(economy_budget_expenditures#united_kingdom#$447.6 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA {FY94/95 est.})
(economy_industries#united_kingdom#production machinery including machine tools, electric power equipment, automation equipment, railroad equipment, shipbuilding, aircraft, motor vehicles and parts, electronics and communications equipment, metals, chemicals, coal, petroleum, paper and paper products, food processing, textiles, clothing, and other consumer goods)
(economy_industrial_production_growth_rate#united_kingdom#1.9% {1995 est.})
(economy_electricity_capacity#united_kingdom#65,360,000 kW)
(economy_electricity_production#united_kingdom#303 billion kWh)
(economy_electricity_consumption_per_capita#united_kingdom#5,123 kWh {1993})
(economy_agriculture#united_kingdom#cereals, oilseed, potatoes, vegetables; cattle, sheep, poultry; fish)
(economy_illicit_drugs#united_kingdom#gateway country for Latin American cocaine entering the European market; producer of synthetic drugs; transshipment point for Southwest Asian heroin; money-laundering center)
(economy_exports#united_kingdom#$200.4 billion {f.o.b., 1994})
(economy_exports_commodities#united_kingdom#manufactured goods, machinery, fuels, chemicals, semifinished goods, transport equipment)
(economy_exports_partners#united_kingdom#EU countries 56.4% {Germany 12.7%, France 9.9%, Netherlands 7.0%}, US 13.1%)
(economy_imports#united_kingdom#$221.9 billion {c.i.f., 1994})
(economy_imports_commodities#united_kingdom#manufactured goods, machinery, semifinished goods, foodstuffs, consumer goods)
(economy_imports_partners#united_kingdom#EU countries 54.9% {Germany 14.6%, France 10.0%, Netherlands 6.7%}, US 12.2%)
(economy_external_debt#united_kingdom#$16.2 billion {June 1992})
(economy_economic_aid_donor#united_kingdom#ODA, $2.908 billion {1993})
(economy_currency#united_kingdom#1 British pound {ú} = 100 pence)
(economy_exchange_rates#united_kingdom#British pounds {ú} per US$1 - 0.6535 {January 1996}, 0.6335 {1995}, 0.6529 {1994}, 0.6658 {1993}, 0.5664 {1992}, 0.5652 {1991})
(economy_fiscal_year#united_kingdom#1 April - 31 March)
(transportation_railways_total#united_kingdom#17,561 km)
(transportation_railways_broad_gauge#united_kingdom#434 km 1.600-m gauge {190 km double track}; note - all 1.600-m gauge track, of which 357 km is in common carrier use, is in Northern Ireland)
(transportation_railways_standard_gauge#united_kingdom#16,892 km 1.435-m gauge {4,928 km electrified; 12,591 km double or multiple track}; note - 16,532 km of 1.435-m routes are in common carrier service; the remaining 360 km are operated by a total of 40 tourist or other private companies)
(transportation_railways_narrow_gauge#united_kingdom#235 km 0.260-m, 0.311-m, 0.381-m, 0.600-m, 0.610-m, 0.686-m, 0.760-m, 0.762-m, 0.800-m, 0.825-m, 0.914-m and 1.067-m gauges; note - these short, narrow-gage lines are operated by a total of 25 tourist and other private firms {1995})
(transportation_highways_total#united_kingdom#386,243 km {1993 est.})
(transportation_highways_paved#united_kingdom#NA km {including 3,237 km of expressways in Great Britain})
(transportation_highways_unpaved#united_kingdom#NA km)
(transportation_waterways#united_kingdom#3,200 km under British Waterways Board)
(transportation_pipelines#united_kingdom#crude oil {almost all insignificant} 933 km; petroleum products 2,993 km; natural gas 12,800 km)
(transportation_ports#united_kingdom#Aberdeen, Belfast, Bristol, Cardiff, Grangemouth, Hull, Leith, Liverpool, London, Manchester, Medway, Sullom Voe, Tees, Tyne)
(transportation_merchant_marine_total#united_kingdom#151 ships {1,000 GRT or over} totaling 3,191,969 GRT/3,861,239 DWT)
(transportation_merchant_marine_ships_by_type#united_kingdom#bulk 10, cargo 21, chemical tanker 2, container 24, liquefied gas tanker 2, oil tanker 56, passenger 8, passenger-cargo 1, roll-on/roll-off cargo 12, short-sea passenger 14, specialized tanker 1 {1995 est.})
(transportation_airports_total#united_kingdom#388)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_over_3,047_m#united_kingdom#9)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_2,438_to_3,047_m#united_kingdom#29)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_1,524_to_2,437_m#united_kingdom#103)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_914_to_1,523_m#united_kingdom#59)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_under_914_m#united_kingdom#166)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_914_to_1,523_m#united_kingdom#22 {1995 est.})
(transportation_heliports#united_kingdom#10 {1995 est.})
(communications_telephones#united_kingdom#29.5 million {1987 est.})
(communications_telephone_system#united_kingdom#technologically advanced domestic and international system)
(communications_telephone_system_domestic#united_kingdom#equal mix of buried cables, microwave radio relay, and fiber-optic systems)
(communications_telephone_system_international#united_kingdom#40 coaxial submarine cables; satellite earth stations - 10 Intelsat {7 Atlantic Ocean and 3 Indian Ocean}, 1 Inmarsat {Atlantic Ocean region}, and 1 Eutelsat; at least 8 large international switching centers)
(communications_radio_broadcast_stations#united_kingdom#AM 225, FM 525 {mostly repeaters}, shortwave 0)
(communications_radios#united_kingdom#70 million)
(communications_television_broadcast_stations#united_kingdom#207 {repeaters 3,210})
(communications_televisions#united_kingdom#20 million)
(defense_branches#united_kingdom#Army, Royal Navy {includes Royal Marines}, Royal Air Force)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_age_15-49#united_kingdom#14,515,077)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_fit_for_military_service#united_kingdom#12,102,431 {1996 est.})
(defense_defense_expenditures#united_kingdom#exchange rate conversion - $35.1 billion, 3.1% of GDP {FY95/96})
(geography_location#united_states#North America, bordering both the North Atlantic Ocean and the North Pacific Ocean, between Canada and Mexico)
(geography_geographic_coordinates#united_states#38 00 N, 97 00 W)
(geography_map_references#united_states#North America)
(geography_area_total_area#united_states#9,372,610 sq km)
(geography_area_land_area#united_states#9,166,600 sq km)
(geography_area_comparative_area#united_states#about one-half the size of Russia; about three-tenths the size of Africa; about one-half the size of South America {or slightly larger than Brazil}; slightly smaller than China; about two and one-half times the size of Western Europe)
(geography_area_note#united_states#includes only the 50 states and District of Columbia)
(geography_land_boundaries_total#united_states#12,248 km)
(geography_land_boundaries_border_countries#united_states#Canada 8,893 km {including 2,477 km with Alaska}, Cuba 29 km {US Naval Base at Guantanamo Bay}, Mexico 3,326 km)
(geography_land_boundaries_note#united_states#Guantanamo Naval Base is leased by the US and thus remains part of Cuba)
(geography_coastline#united_states#19,924 km)
(geography_maritime_claims_contiguous_zone#united_states#12 nm)
(geography_maritime_claims_continental_shelf#united_states#not specified)
(geography_maritime_claims_exclusive_economic_zone#united_states#200 nm)
(geography_maritime_claims_territorial_sea#united_states#12 nm)
(geography_international_disputes#united_states#maritime boundary disputes with Canada {Dixon Entrance, Beaufort Sea, Strait of Juan de Fuca, Machias Seal Island}; US Naval Base at Guantanamo Bay is leased from Cuba and only mutual agreement or US abandonment of the area can terminate the lease; Haiti claims Navassa Island; US has made no territorial claim in Antarctica {but has reserved the right to do so} and does not recognize the claims of any other nation; Republic of Marshall Islands claims Wake Island)
(geography_climate#united_states#mostly temperate, but tropical in Hawaii and Florida and arctic in Alaska, semiarid in the great plains west of the Mississippi River and arid in the Great Basin of the southwest; low winter temperatures in the northwest are ameliorated occasionally in January and February by warm chinook winds from the eastern slopes of the Rocky Mountains)
(geography_terrain#united_states#vast central plain, mountains in west, hills and low mountains in east; rugged mountains and broad river valleys in Alaska; rugged, volcanic topography in Hawaii)
(geography_terrain_lowest_point#united_states#Death Valley -86 m)
(geography_terrain_highest_point#united_states#Mount McKinley 6,194 m)
(geography_natural_resources#united_states#coal, copper, lead, molybdenum, phosphates, uranium, bauxite, gold, iron, mercury, nickel, potash, silver, tungsten, zinc, petroleum, natural gas, timber)
(geography_land_use_arable_land#united_states#20%)
(geography_land_use_permanent_crops#united_states#0%)
(geography_land_use_meadows_and_pastures#united_states#26%)
(geography_land_use_forest_and_woodland#united_states#29%)
(geography_land_use_other#united_states#25%)
(geography_irrigated_land#united_states#181,020 sq km {1989 est.})
(geography_environment_current_issues#united_states#air pollution resulting in acid rain in both the US and Canada; the US is the largest single emitter of carbon dioxide from the burning of fossil fuels; water pollution from runoff of pesticides and fertilizers; very limited natural fresh water resources in much of the western part of the country require careful management; desertification)
(geography_environment_natural_hazards#united_states#tsunamis, volcanoes, and earthquake activity around Pacific Basin; hurricanes along the Atlantic coast; tornadoes in the midwest; mud slides in California; forest fires in the west; flooding; permafrost in northern Alaska is a major impediment to development)
(geography_environment_international_agreements#united_states#party to - Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Antarctic Treaty, Climate Change, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Wetlands, Whaling; signed, but not ratified - Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Biodiversity, Desertification, Hazardous Wastes, Tropical Timber 94)
(geography_geographic_note#united_states#world's fourth-largest country {after Russia, Canada, and China})
(people_population#united_states#266,476,278 {July 1996 est.})
(people_age_structure_0-14_years#united_states#22% {male 29,718,390; female 28,335,934})
(people_age_structure_15-64_years#united_states#65% {male 86,225,056; female 87,411,573})
(people_age_structure_65_years_and_over#united_states#13% {male 13,850,234; female 20,021,655} {July 1996 est.})
(people_population_growth_rate#united_states#0.91% {1996 est.})
(people_birth_rate#united_states#14.8 births/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_death_rate#united_states#8.8 deaths/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_net_migration_rate#united_states#3.1 migrant{s}/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_sex_ratio_at_birth#united_states#1.05 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_under_15_years#united_states#1.05 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_15-64_years#united_states#0.99 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_65_years_and_over#united_states#0.69 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_all_ages#united_states#0.96 male{s}/female {1996 est.})
(people_infant_mortality_rate#united_states#6.7 deaths/1,000 live births {1996 est.})
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_total_population#united_states#75.95 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_male#united_states#72.65 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_female#united_states#79.41 years {1996 est.})
(people_total_fertility_rate#united_states#2.06 children born/woman {1996 est.})
(people_nationality_noun#united_states#American{s})
(people_nationality_adjective#united_states#American)
(people_ethnic_divisions#united_states#white 83.4%, black 12.4%, Asian 3.3%, Native American 0.8% {1992})
(people_religions#united_states#Protestant 56%, Roman Catholic 28%, Jewish 2%, other 4%, none 10% {1989})
(people_languages#united_states#English, Spanish {spoken by a sizable minority})
(people_literacy#united_states#age 15 and over can read and write {1979 est.})
(people_literacy_total_population#united_states#97%)
(people_literacy_male#united_states#97%)
(people_literacy_female#united_states#97%)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_long_form#united_states#United States of America)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_short_form#united_states#United States)
(government_name_of_country_abbreviation#united_states#US or USA)
(government_data_code#united_states#US)
(government_type_of_government#united_states#federal republic; strong democratic tradition)
(government_capital#united_states#Washington, DC)
(government_administrative_divisions#united_states#50 states and 1 district*; Alabama, Alaska, Arizona, Arkansas, California, Colorado, Connecticut, Delaware, District of Columbia*, Florida, Georgia, Hawaii, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, Nevada, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, North Carolina, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, Vermont, Virginia, Washington, West Virginia, Wisconsin, Wyoming)
(government_dependent_areas#united_states#American Samoa, Baker Island, Guam, Howland Island, Jarvis Island, Johnston Atoll, Kingman Reef, Midway Islands, Navassa Island, Northern Mariana Islands, Palmyra Atoll, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands, Wake Island)
(government_dependent_areas_note#united_states#from 18 July 1947 until 1 October 1994, the US administered the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands, but recently entered into a new political relationship with all four political units: the Northern Mariana Islands is a Commonwealth in political union with the US {effective 3 November 1986}; Palau concluded a Compact of Free Association with the US {effective 1 October 1994}; the Federated States of Micronesia signed a Compact of Free Association with the US {effective 3 November 1986}; the Republic of the Marshall Islands signed a Compact of Free Association with the US {effective 21 October 1986})
(government_independence#united_states#4 July 1776 {from England})
(government_national_holiday#united_states#Independence Day, 4 July {1776})
(government_constitution#united_states#17 September 1787, effective 4 March 1789)
(government_legal_system#united_states#based on English common law; judicial review of legislative acts; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations)
(government_suffrage#united_states#18 years of age; universal)
(government_executive_branch_chief_of_state_and_head_of_government#united_states#President William Jefferson CLINTON {since 20 January 1993} and Vice President Albert GORE, Jr. {since 20 January 1993} were elected for four-year terms by a college of representatives elected directly from each state; election last held 3 November 1992 {next to be held 5 November 1996}; results - William Jefferson CLINTON {Democratic Party} 43.2%, George BUSH {Republican Party} 37.7%, Ross PEROT {independent} 19.0%, other 0.1%)
(government_executive_branch_cabinet#united_states#Cabinet was appointed by the president with Senate approval)
(government_legislative_branch#united_states#bicameral Congress)
(government_senate#united_states#elections last held 8 November 1994 {next to be held 5 November 1996}; results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - {100 total} Republican Party 54, Democratic Party 46)
(government_house_of_representatives#united_states#elections last held 8 November 1994 {next to be held 5 November 1996}; results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - {435 total} Republican Party 231, Democratic Party 203, independent 1)
(government_judicial_branch#united_states#Supreme Court, justices are appointed for life by the president with confirmation by the Senate)
(government_political_parties_and_leaders#united_states#Republican Party, Haley BARBOUR, national committee chairman and Jeanie AUSTIN, co-chairman; Democratic Party, David C. WILHELM, national committee chairman; several other groups or parties of minor political significance)
(government_international_organization_participation#united_states#AfDB, AG {observer}, ANZUS, APEC, AsDB, Australia Group, BIS, CCC, CP, EBRD, ECE, ECLAC, ESCAP, FAO, G- 2, G- 5, G- 7, G- 8, G-10, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Inmarsat, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, MINURSO, MTCR, NACC, NATO, NEA, NSG, OAS, OECD, OSCE, PCA, SPC, UN, UN Security Council, UNCRO, UNCTAD, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIKOM, UNITAR, UNMIH, UNOMIG, UNPREDEP, UNPROFOR, UNRWA, UNTSO, UNU, UPU, WCL, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO, ZC)
(government_flag#united_states#thirteen equal horizontal stripes of red {top and bottom} alternating with white; there is a blue rectangle in the upper hoist-side corner bearing 50 small white five-pointed stars arranged in nine offset horizontal rows of six stars {top and bottom} alternating with rows of five stars; the 50 stars represent the 50 states, the 13 stripes represent the 13 original colonies; known as Old Glory; the design and colors have been the basis for a number of other flags including Chile, Liberia, Malaysia, and Puerto Rico)
(economy_economic_overview#united_states#The US has the most powerful, diverse, and technologically advanced economy in the world, with a per capita GDP of $27,500, the largest among major industrial nations. In this market-oriented economy, private individuals and business firms make most of the decisions, and government purchases of goods and services are made predominantly in the marketplace. US business firms enjoy considerably greater flexibility than their counterparts in Western Europe and Japan in decisions to expand capital plant, lay off surplus workers, and develop new products. At the same time, they face higher barriers to entry in their rivals' home markets than the barriers to entry of foreign firms in US markets. In all economic sectors, US firms are at or near the forefront in technological advances, especially in computers, medical equipment, and aerospace, although their advantage has steadily narrowed since the end of World War II. The onrush of technology largely explains the gradual development of a "two-tier labor market" in which those at the bottom lack the education and professional/technical skills of those at the top and, more and more, fail to get pay raises, health insurance coverage, and other benefits. The years 1994-95 witnessed moderate gains in real output, low inflation rates, and a drop in unemployment below 6%. The capture of both houses of Congress by the Republicans in the elections of 8 November 1994 has intensified the debate over how the US should address its major economic problems. These problems include inadequate investment in economic infrastructure, rapidly rising medical costs of an aging population, sizable budget and trade deficits, and stagnation of family income in the lower economic groups. The outlook for 1996 is for continued moderate growth, low inflation, and about the same level of unemployment.)
(economy_gdp#united_states#purchasing power parity - $7.2477 trillion {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_real_growth_rate#united_states#2.1% {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_per_capita#united_states#$27,500 {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_agriculture#united_states#2%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_industry#united_states#23%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_services#united_states#75% {1995 est.})
(economy_inflation_rate_{consumer_prices}#united_states#2.5% {1995})
(economy_labor_force#united_states#132.304 million {includes unemployed} {1995})
(economy_labor_force_by_occupation#united_states#managerial and professional 28.3%, technical, sales and administrative support 30.0%, services 13.5%, manufacturing, mining, transportation, and crafts 25.3%, farming, forestry, and fishing 2.8%)
(economy_unemployment_rate#united_states#5.6% {December 1995})
(economy_budget_revenues#united_states#$1.258 trillion)
(economy_budget_expenditures#united_states#$1.461 trillion, including capital expenditures of $NA {1994})
(economy_industries#united_states#leading industrial power in the world, highly diversified and technologically advanced; petroleum, steel, motor vehicles, aerospace, telecommunications, chemicals, electronics, food processing, consumer goods, lumber, mining)
(economy_industrial_production_growth_rate#united_states#5.4% {1994 est.})
(economy_electricity_capacity#united_states#695,120,000 kW)
(economy_electricity_production#united_states#3.1 trillion kWh)
(economy_electricity_consumption_per_capita#united_states#11,236 kWh {1993})
(economy_agriculture#united_states#wheat, other grains, corn, fruits, vegetables, cotton; beef, pork, poultry, dairy products; forest products; fish)
(economy_illicit_drugs#united_states#illicit producer of cannabis for domestic consumption with 1987 production estimated at 3,500 metric tons or about 25% of the available marijuana; ongoing eradication program aimed at small plots and greenhouses has not reduced production)
(economy_exports#united_states#$578 billion {f.o.b., 1995 est.})
(economy_exports_commodities#united_states#capital goods, automobiles, industrial supplies and raw materials, consumer goods, agricultural products)
(economy_exports_partners#united_states#Western Europe 24.3%, Canada 22.1%, Japan 10.5% {1993})
(economy_imports#united_states#$751 billion {c.i.f., 1995 est.})
(economy_imports_commodities#united_states#crude oil and refined petroleum products, machinery, automobiles, consumer goods, industrial raw materials, food and beverages)
(economy_imports_partners#united_states#Canada, 19.3%, Western Europe 18.1%, Japan 18.1% {1993})
(economy_external_debt#united_states#$NA)
(economy_economic_aid_donor#united_states#ODA, $9.721 billion {1993})
(economy_currency#united_states#1 United States dollar {US$} = 100 cents)
(economy_british_pounds#united_states#{ú} per US$ - 0.6535 {January 1996}, 0.6335 {1995}, 0.6529 {1994}, 0.6658 {1993}, 0.5664 {1992}, 0.5652 {1991})
(economy_canadian_dollars#united_states#{Can$} per US$ - 1.3666 {January 1996}, 1.3724 {1995}, 1.3656 {1994}, 1.2901 {1993}, 1.2087 {1992}, 1.1457 {1991})
(economy_french_francs#united_states#{F} per US$ - 5.0056 {January 1996}, 4.9915 {1995}, 5.5520 {1994}, 5.6632 {1993}, 5.2938 {1992}, 5.6421 {1991})
(economy_italian_lire#united_states#{Lit} per US$ - 1,583.8 {January 1996}, 1,629.6 {1995}, 1,612.4 {1994}, 1,573.7 {1993}, 1,232.4 {1992}, 1,240.6 {1991})
(economy_japanese_yen#united_states#{Ñ} per US$ - 105.84 {January 1996}, 94.06 {1995}, 102.21 {1994}, 111.20 {1993}, 126.65 {1992}, 134.71 {1991})
(economy_german_deutsche_marks#united_states#{DM} per US$ - 1.4617 {January 1996}, 1.4331 {1995}, 1.6228 {1994}, 1.6533 {1993}, 1.5617 {1992}, 1.6595 {1991})
(economy_fiscal_year#united_states#1 October - 30 September)
(transportation_railways_total#united_states#240,000 km mainline routes {nongovernment owned})
(transportation_railways_standard_gauge#united_states#240,000 km 1.435-m gauge {1989})
(transportation_highways_total#united_states#6,284,488 km)
(transportation_highways_paved#united_states#5,574,341 km {in 1991, included 85,267 km of expressways})
(transportation_highways_unpaved#united_states#710,147 km {1993 est.})
(transportation_waterways#united_states#41,009 km of navigable inland channels, exclusive of the Great Lakes)
(transportation_pipelines#united_states#petroleum 276,000 km; natural gas 331,000 km {1991})
(transportation_ports#united_states#Anchorage, Baltimore, Boston, Charleston, Chicago, Duluth, Hampton Roads, Honolulu, Houston, Jacksonville, Los Angeles, New Orleans, New York, Philadelphia, Port Canaveral, Portland {Oregon}, Prudhoe Bay, San Francisco, Savannah, Seattle, Tampa, Toledo)
(transportation_merchant_marine_total#united_states#322 ships {1,000 GRT or over} totaling 10,716,000 GRT/15,259,000 DWT)
(transportation_merchant_marine_ships_by_type#united_states#bulk 21, cargo 20, chemical tanker 17, intermodal 125, liquefied gas tanker 14, passenger-cargo 2, tanker 110, tanker tug-barge 13)
(transportation_merchant_marine_note#united_states#in addition, there are 190 government-owned vessels {1995 est.})
(transportation_airports_total#united_states#13,387)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_over_3,047_m#united_states#179)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_2,438_to_3,047_m#united_states#201)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_1,524_to_2,437_m#united_states#1,204)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_914_to_1,523_m#united_states#2,361)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_under_914_m#united_states#7,720)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_over_3,047_m#united_states#1)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_2,438_to_3,047_m#united_states#7)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_1,524_to_2,437_m#united_states#151)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_914_to_1,523_m#united_states#1,563 {1995 est.})
(transportation_heliports#united_states#63 {1995 est.})
(communications_telephones#united_states#182.558 million {1987 est.})
(communications_telephone_system_domestic#united_states#large system of fiber-optic cable, microwave radio relay, coaxial cable, and domestic satellites)
(communications_telephone_system_international#united_states#24 ocean cable systems in use; satellite earth stations - 61 Intelsat {45 Atlantic Ocean and 16 Pacific Ocean} {1990 est.}, 5 Intersputnik {Atlantic Ocean region}, and 4 Inmarsat {Pacific and Atlantic Ocean regions})
(communications_radio_broadcast_stations#united_states#AM 4,987, FM 4,932, shortwave 0)
(communications_radios#united_states#540.5 million {1992 est.})
(communications_television_broadcast_stations#united_states#1,092 {in addition, there are about 9,000 cable TV systems})
(communications_televisions#united_states#215 million {1993 est.})
(defense_branches#united_states#Department of the Army, Department of the Navy {includes Marine Corps}, Department of the Air Force)
(defense_branches_note#united_states#the Coast Guard falls under the Department of Transportation, but in wartime reports to the Department of the Navy)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_age_15-49#united_states#69,302,573)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_fit_for_military_service#united_states#NA)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_reach_military_age_{18}_annually#united_states#1,864,580 {1996 est.})
(defense_defense_expenditures#united_states#$272.2 billion, 3.8% of GDP {1995 est.})
(geography_location#uruguay#Southern South America, bordering the South Atlantic Ocean, between Argentina and Brazil)
(geography_geographic_coordinates#uruguay#33 00 S, 56 00 W)
(geography_map_references#uruguay#South America)
(geography_area_total_area#uruguay#176,220 sq km)
(geography_area_land_area#uruguay#173,620 sq km)
(geography_area_comparative_area#uruguay#slightly smaller than Washington State)
(geography_land_boundaries_total#uruguay#1,564 km)
(geography_land_boundaries_border_countries#uruguay#Argentina 579 km, Brazil 985 km)
(geography_coastline#uruguay#660 km)
(geography_maritime_claims_continental_shelf#uruguay#200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation)
(geography_maritime_claims_territorial_sea#uruguay#200 nm; overflight and navigation guaranteed beyond 12 nm)
(geography_international_disputes#uruguay#short section of boundary with Argentina is in dispute; two short sections of the boundary with Brazil are in dispute - Arroyo de la Invernada {Arroio Invernada} area of the Rio Cuareim {Rio Quarai} and the islands at the confluence of the Rio Cuareim {Rio Quarai} and the Uruguay River)
(geography_climate#uruguay#warm temperate; freezing temperatures almost unknown)
(geography_terrain#uruguay#mostly rolling plains and low hills; fertile coastal lowland)
(geography_terrain_lowest_point#uruguay#Atlantic Ocean 0 m)
(geography_terrain_highest_point#uruguay#Cerro Catedral 514 m)
(geography_natural_resources#uruguay#fertile soil, hydropower potential, minor minerals)
(geography_land_use_arable_land#uruguay#8%)
(geography_land_use_permanent_crops#uruguay#0%)
(geography_land_use_meadows_and_pastures#uruguay#78%)
(geography_land_use_forest_and_woodland#uruguay#4%)
(geography_land_use_other#uruguay#10%)
(geography_irrigated_land#uruguay#1,100 sq km {1989 est.})
(geography_environment_current_issues#uruguay#substantial pollution from Brazilian industry along border; one-fifth of country affected by acid rain generated by Brazil; water pollution from meat packing/tannery industry; inadequate solid/hazardous waste disposal)
(geography_environment_natural_hazards#uruguay#seasonally high winds {the pampero is a chilly and occasional violent wind which blows north from the Argentine pampas}, droughts, floods; because of the absence of mountains, which act as weather barriers, all locations are particularly vulnerable to rapid changes in weather fronts)
(geography_environment_international_agreements#uruguay#party to - Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands; signed, but not ratified - Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation)
(people_population#uruguay#3,238,952 {July 1996 est.})
(people_age_structure_0-14_years#uruguay#24% {male 405,041; female 386,155})
(people_age_structure_15-64_years#uruguay#63% {male 1,004,089; female 1,035,336})
(people_age_structure_65_years_and_over#uruguay#13% {male 170,109; female 238,222} {July 1996 est.})
(people_population_growth_rate#uruguay#0.7% {1996 est.})
(people_birth_rate#uruguay#17.02 births/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_death_rate#uruguay#9.05 deaths/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_net_migration_rate#uruguay#-0.99 migrant{s}/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_sex_ratio_at_birth#uruguay#1.06 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_under_15_years#uruguay#1.05 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_15-64_years#uruguay#0.97 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_65_years_and_over#uruguay#0.71 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_all_ages#uruguay#0.95 male{s}/female {1996 est.})
(people_infant_mortality_rate#uruguay#15.4 deaths/1,000 live births {1996 est.})
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_total_population#uruguay#74.94 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_male#uruguay#71.8 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_female#uruguay#78.25 years {1996 est.})
(people_total_fertility_rate#uruguay#2.32 children born/woman {1996 est.})
(people_nationality_noun#uruguay#Uruguayan{s})
(people_nationality_adjective#uruguay#Uruguayan)
(people_ethnic_divisions#uruguay#white 88%, mestizo 8%, black 4%)
(people_religions#uruguay#Roman Catholic 66% {less than one-half of the adult population attends church regularly}, Protestant 2%, Jewish 2%, nonprofessing or other 30%)
(people_languages#uruguay#Spanish, Brazilero {Portuguese-Spanish mix on the Brazilian frontier})
(people_literacy#uruguay#age 15 and over can read and write {1995 est.})
(people_literacy_total_population#uruguay#97.3%)
(people_literacy_male#uruguay#96.9%)
(people_literacy_female#uruguay#97.7%)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_long_form#uruguay#Oriental Republic of Uruguay)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_short_form#uruguay#Uruguay)
(government_name_of_country_local_long_form#uruguay#Republica Oriental del Uruguay)
(government_name_of_country_local_short_form#uruguay#Uruguay)
(government_data_code#uruguay#UY)
(government_type_of_government#uruguay#republic)
(government_capital#uruguay#Montevideo)
(government_administrative_divisions#uruguay#19 departments {departamentos, singular - departamento}; Artigas, Canelones, Cerro Largo, Colonia, Durazno, Flores, Florida, Lavalleja, Maldonado, Montevideo, Paysandu, Rio Negro, Rivera, Rocha, Salto, San Jose, Soriano, Tacuarembo, Treinta y Tres)
(government_independence#uruguay#25 August 1828 {from Brazil})
(government_national_holiday#uruguay#Independence Day, 25 August {1828})
(government_constitution#uruguay#27 November 1966, effective February 1967, suspended 27 June 1973, new constitution rejected by referendum 30 November 1980)
(government_legal_system#uruguay#based on Spanish civil law system; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction)
(government_suffrage#uruguay#18 years of age; universal and compulsory)
(government_executive_branch_chief_of_state_and_head_of_government#uruguay#President Julio Maria SANGUINETTI {since 1 March 1995} and Vice President Hugo BATALLA {since 1 March 1995} were elected for five-year terms by popular vote; election last held 27 November 1994 {next to be held NA November 1999})
(government_executive_branch_cabinet#uruguay#Council of Ministers was appointed by the president)
(government_legislative_branch#uruguay#bicameral General Assembly {Asamblea General})
(government_chamber_of_senators_{camara_de_senadores}#uruguay#elections last held 27 November 1994 {next to be held NA November 1999}; results - Colorado 36%, Blanco 34 %, Encuentro Progresista 27%, New Sector 3%; seats - {30 total} Colorado 11, Blanco 10, Encuentro Progresista 8, New Sector 1)
(government_chamber_of_representatives_{camara_de_representantes}#uruguay#elections last held 27 November 1994 {next to be held NA November 1999}; results - Colorado 32%, Blanco 31%, Encuentro Progresista 31%, New Sector 5%; seats - {99 total} Colorado 32, Blanco 31, Encuentro Progresista 31, New Sector 5)
(government_judicial_branch#uruguay#Supreme Court, judges are nominated by the president and elected for 10-year terms by the General Assembly)
(government_political_parties_and_leaders#uruguay#National {Blanco} Party, Alberto VOLONTE Berro; Colorado Party, Jorge BATLLE; Broad Front Coalition, 12 member Executive Secretariat {as of 11 March 1996}; New Sector Coalition, Hugo BATALLA; Encuentro Progresista {EP}, Tabare VAZQUEZ)
(government_international_organization_participation#uruguay#AG {observer}, CCC, ECLAC, FAO, G-11, G-77, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICRM, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, LAES, LAIA, Mercosur, MINURSO, NAM {observer}, OAS, OPANAL, PCA, RG, UN, UNAMIR, UNAVEM III, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNIKOM, UNMOGIP, UNMOT, UNOMIG, UNOMIL, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_chief_of_mission#uruguay#Ambassador Alvaro DIEZ DE MEDINA SUAREZ)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_chancery#uruguay#1918 F Street NW, Washington, DC 20006)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_telephone#uruguay#[1] {202} 331-1313 through 1316)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_consulate{s}_general#uruguay#Los Angeles, Miami, and New York)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_chief_of_mission#uruguay#Ambassador Thomas J. DODD)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_embassy#uruguay#Lauro Muller 1776, Montevideo)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_mailing_address#uruguay#APO AA 34035)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_telephone#uruguay#[598] {2} 23 60 61, 48 77 77)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_fax#uruguay#[598] {2} 48 86 11)
(government_flag#uruguay#nine equal horizontal stripes of white {top and bottom} alternating with blue; there is a white square in the upper hoist-side corner with a yellow sun bearing a human face known as the Sun of May and 16 rays alternately triangular and wavy)
(economy_economic_overview#uruguay#Uruguay's small economy benefits from a favorable climate for agriculture and substantial hydropower potential. Economic development has been restrained in recent years by high - though declining - inflation and extensive government regulation. The SANGUINETTI government's conservative monetary and fiscal policies are aimed at continuing to reduce inflation, currently at 35.4%; other priorities include extensive reform of the social security system and increased investment in education. Uruguay went into recession during second quarter 1995 and ended the year with an estimated 2% fall in GDP and a two percentage point rise in unemployment to 11%. This was partly due to Argentina's recession and the slowdown in Brazilian growth in 1995, which contributed to declines in the Uruguayan manufacturing, construction, and service sectors. However, despite its Mercosur {Southern Cone Common Market} partners' troubles, Uruguayan trade expanded and potential new markets are being explored through Mercosur negotiations with neighboring countries and the European Union {EU}. Uruguay also recently augmented its transport and agricultural sector ties with the US. The economy is expected to come out of recession as regional growth prospects improve.)
(economy_gdp#uruguay#purchasing power parity - $24.4 billion {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_real_growth_rate#uruguay#-2.4% {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_per_capita#uruguay#$7,600 {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_agriculture#uruguay#10.5%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_industry#uruguay#27.5%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_services#uruguay#62% {1994})
(economy_inflation_rate_{consumer_prices}#uruguay#35.4% {1995 est.})
(economy_labor_force#uruguay#1.355 million {1991 est.})
(economy_labor_force_by_occupation#uruguay#government 25%, manufacturing 19%, agriculture 11%, commerce 12%, utilities, construction, transport, and communications 12%, other services 21% {1988 est.})
(economy_unemployment_rate#uruguay#11% {1995})
(economy_budget_revenues#uruguay#$3.03 billion)
(economy_budget_expenditures#uruguay#$3.37 billion with capital expenditures of $NA {1994 est.})
(economy_industries#uruguay#meat processing, wool and hides, sugar, textiles, footwear, leather apparel, tires, cement, petroleum refining, wine)
(economy_industrial_production_growth_rate#uruguay#-19% {1995 est.})
(economy_electricity_capacity#uruguay#2,070,000 kW)
(economy_electricity_production#uruguay#9 billion kWh)
(economy_electricity_consumption_per_capita#uruguay#1,575 kWh {1993})
(economy_agriculture#uruguay#wheat, rice, corn, sorghum; livestock; fishing)
(economy_exports#uruguay#$2.3 billion {f.o.b., 1995 est.})
(economy_exports_commodities#uruguay#wool and textile manufactures, beef and other animal products, leather, rice)
(economy_exports_partners#uruguay#Brazil, Argentina, US, China, Italy)
(economy_imports#uruguay#$3.1 billion {c.i.f., 1995 est.})
(economy_imports_commodities#uruguay#machinery and equipment, vehicles, chemicals, minerals, plastics)
(economy_imports_partners#uruguay#Brazil, Argentina, US, Nigeria)
(economy_external_debt#uruguay#$4.95 billion {1995})
(economy_economic_aid_recipient#uruguay#ODA, $91 million {1993})
(economy_currency#uruguay#1 Uruguayan peso {$Ur} = 100 centesimos)
(economy_exchange_rates#uruguay#Uruguayan pesos {$Ur} per US$1 - 7.12 {January 1996}, 5.6 {January 1995}, 5.0529 {1994}, 3.9484 {1993}, 3.0270 {1992}, 2.0188 {1991})
(economy_exchange_rates_note#uruguay#on 1 March 1993 the former new peso {N$Ur} was replaced as Uruguay's unit of currency by the peso which is equal to 1,000 of the new pesos)
(economy_fiscal_year#uruguay#calendar year)
(transportation_railways_total#uruguay#2,070 km {461 km closed; additional 460 km only partially operational})
(transportation_railways_standard_gauge#uruguay#2,070 km 1.435-m gauge)
(transportation_highways_total#uruguay#49,600 km)
(transportation_highways_paved#uruguay#6,656 km)
(transportation_highways_unpaved#uruguay#42,944 km {1988 est.})
(transportation_waterways#uruguay#1,600 km; used by coastal and shallow-draft river craft)
(transportation_ports#uruguay#Fray Bentos, Montevideo, Nueva Palmira, Paysandu, Punta del Este)
(transportation_merchant_marine_total#uruguay#3 ships {1,000 GRT or over} totaling 71,405 GRT/110,939 DWT)
(transportation_merchant_marine_ships_by_type#uruguay#cargo 1, container 1, oil tanker 1 {1995 est.})
(transportation_airports_total#uruguay#66)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_2,438_to_3,047_m#uruguay#1)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_1,524_to_2,437_m#uruguay#5)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_914_to_1,523_m#uruguay#8)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_under_914_m#uruguay#36)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_1,524_to_2,437_m#uruguay#2)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_914_to_1,523_m#uruguay#14 {1995 est.})
(communications_telephones#uruguay#451,000 {1991 est.})
(communications_telephone_system#uruguay#some modern facilities)
(communications_telephone_system_domestic#uruguay#most modern facilities concentrated in Montevideo; new nationwide microwave radio relay network)
(communications_telephone_system_international#uruguay#satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat {Atlantic Ocean})
(communications_radio_broadcast_stations#uruguay#AM 99, FM 0, shortwave 9)
(communications_radios#uruguay#1.89 million {1992 est.})
(communications_television_broadcast_stations#uruguay#26)
(communications_televisions#uruguay#725,000 {1992 est.})
(defense_branches#uruguay#Army, Navy {includes Naval Air Arm, Coast Guard, Marines}, Air Force, Grenadier Guards, Coracero Guard, Police)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_age_15-49#uruguay#783,890)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_fit_for_military_service#uruguay#636,454 {1996 est.})
(defense_defense_expenditures#uruguay#exchange rate conversion - $256 million, 1.5% of GDP {1994})
(geography_location#uzbekistan#Central Asia, north of Afghanistan)
(geography_geographic_coordinates#uzbekistan#41 00 N, 64 00 E)
(geography_map_references#uzbekistan#Commonwealth of Independent States)
(geography_area_total_area#uzbekistan#447,400 sq km)
(geography_area_land_area#uzbekistan#425,400 sq km)
(geography_area_comparative_area#uzbekistan#slightly larger than California)
(geography_land_boundaries_total#uzbekistan#6,221 km)
(geography_land_boundaries_border_countries#uzbekistan#Afghanistan 137 km, Kazakstan 2,203 km, Kyrgyzstan 1,099 km, Tajikistan 1,161 km, Turkmenistan 1,621 km)
(geography_coastline#uzbekistan#0 km)
(geography_coastline_note#uzbekistan#Uzbekistan borders the Aral Sea {420 km})
(geography_maritime_claims#uzbekistan#none {landlocked})
(geography_international_disputes#uzbekistan#none)
(geography_climate#uzbekistan#mostly midlatitude desert, long, hot summers, mild winters; semiarid grassland in east)
(geography_terrain#uzbekistan#mostly flat-to-rolling sandy desert with dunes; broad, flat intensely irrigated river valleys along course of Amu Darya and Sirdaryo; Fergana Valley in east surrounded by mountainous Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan; shrinking Aral Sea in west)
(geography_terrain_lowest_point#uzbekistan#Saryqamish Kuli -12 m)
(geography_terrain_highest_point#uzbekistan#Adelunga Toghi 4,301 m)
(geography_natural_resources#uzbekistan#natural gas, petroleum, coal, gold, uranium, silver, copper, lead and zinc, tungsten, molybdenum)
(geography_land_use_arable_land#uzbekistan#10%)
(geography_land_use_permanent_crops#uzbekistan#1%)
(geography_land_use_meadows_and_pastures#uzbekistan#47%)
(geography_land_use_forest_and_woodland#uzbekistan#0%)
(geography_land_use_other#uzbekistan#42%)
(geography_irrigated_land#uzbekistan#41,550 sq km {1990})
(geography_environment_current_issues#uzbekistan#drying up of the Aral Sea is resulting in growing concentrations of chemical pesticides and natural salts; these substances are then blown from the increasingly exposed lake bed and contribute to desertification; water pollution from industrial wastes and the heavy use of fertilizers and pesticides is the cause of many human health disorders; increasing soil salinization; soil contamination from agricultural chemicals, including DDT)
(geography_environment_natural_hazards#uzbekistan#NA)
(geography_environment_international_agreements#uzbekistan#party to - Climate Change, Desertification, Environmental Modification, Ozone Layer Protection; signed, but not ratified - Biodiversity)
(geography_geographic_note#uzbekistan#landlocked)
(people_population#uzbekistan#23,418,381 {July 1996 est.})
(people_age_structure_0-14_years#uzbekistan#40% {male 4,732,585; female 4,618,503})
(people_age_structure_15-64_years#uzbekistan#55% {male 6,441,052; female 6,540,479})
(people_age_structure_65_years_and_over#uzbekistan#5% {male 416,571; female 669,191} {July 1996 est.})
(people_population_growth_rate#uzbekistan#1.87% {1996 est.})
(people_birth_rate#uzbekistan#29.86 births/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_death_rate#uzbekistan#8.02 deaths/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_net_migration_rate#uzbekistan#-3.13 migrant{s}/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_sex_ratio_at_birth#uzbekistan#1.05 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_under_15_years#uzbekistan#1.02 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_15-64_years#uzbekistan#0.98 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_65_years_and_over#uzbekistan#0.62 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_all_ages#uzbekistan#0.98 male{s}/female {1996 est.})
(people_infant_mortality_rate#uzbekistan#79.6 deaths/1,000 live births {1996 est.})
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_total_population#uzbekistan#64.6 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_male#uzbekistan#60.44 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_female#uzbekistan#68.97 years {1996 est.})
(people_total_fertility_rate#uzbekistan#3.69 children born/woman {1996 est.})
(people_nationality_noun#uzbekistan#Uzbek{s})
(people_nationality_adjective#uzbekistan#Uzbek)
(people_ethnic_divisions#uzbekistan#Uzbek 71.4%, Russian 8.3%, Tajik 4.7%, Kazak 4.1%, Tatar 2.4%, Karakalpak 2.1%, other 7%)
(people_religions#uzbekistan#Muslim 88% {mostly Sunnis}, Eastern Orthodox 9%, other 3%)
(people_languages#uzbekistan#Uzbek 74.3%, Russian 14.2%, Tajik 4.4%, other 7.1%)
(people_literacy#uzbekistan#age 15 and over can read and write {1989 est.})
(people_literacy_total_population#uzbekistan#97%)
(people_literacy_male#uzbekistan#98%)
(people_literacy_female#uzbekistan#96%)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_long_form#uzbekistan#Republic of Uzbekistan)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_short_form#uzbekistan#Uzbekistan)
(government_name_of_country_local_long_form#uzbekistan#Uzbekiston Respublikasi)
(government_name_of_country_local_short_form#uzbekistan#none)
(government_name_of_country_former#uzbekistan#Uzbek Soviet Socialist Republic)
(government_data_code#uzbekistan#UZ)
(government_type_of_government#uzbekistan#republic)
(government_capital#uzbekistan#Tashkent {Toshkent})
(government_administrative_divisions#uzbekistan#12 wiloyatlar {singular - wiloyat}, 1 autonomous republic* {respublikasi}, and 1 city** {shahri}; Andijon Wiloyati, Bukhoro Wiloyati, Jizzakh Wiloyati, Farghona Wiloyati, Qoraqalpoghiston* {Nukus}, Qashqadaryo Wiloyati {Qarshi}, Khorazm Wiloyati {Urganch}, Namangan Wiloyati, Nawoiy Wiloyati, Samarqand Wiloyati, Sirdaryo Wiloyati {Guliston}, Surkhondaryo Wiloyati {Termiz}, Toshkent Shahri**, Toshkent Wiloyati)
(government_administrative_divisions_note#uzbekistan#an administrative division has the same name as its administrative center {exceptions have the administrative center name following in parentheses})
(government_independence#uzbekistan#31 August 1991 {from Soviet Union})
(government_national_holiday#uzbekistan#Independence Day, 1 September {1991})
(government_constitution#uzbekistan#new constitution adopted 8 December 1992)
(government_legal_system#uzbekistan#evolution of Soviet civil law; still lacks independent judicial system)
(government_suffrage#uzbekistan#18 years of age; universal)
(government_executive_branch_chief_of_state#uzbekistan#President Islom KARIMOV {since 24 March 1990, when he was elected president by the then Supreme Soviet} was elected for a five-year term by popular vote; election last held 29 December 1991 {next to be held NA 2000}; results - Islam KARIMOV 86%, Mukhammad SOLIKH 12%, other 2%; note - the 26 March 1995 referendum extended KARIMOV's term until 2000 {99.6% approval})
(government_executive_branch_head_of_government#uzbekistan#Prime Minister Otkir SULTONOV {since December 1995}, First Deputy Prime Minister Ismoil JURABEKOV {since NA}, Deputy Prime Ministers Viktor CHIZHEN {since NA}, Bakhtiyor HAMIDOV {since NA}, Kayim HAQQULOV {since NA}, Rim GINIYATULLIN {since NA}, Saidmukhtor SAIDQOSIMOV {since NA}, Mirabror USMONOV {since NA}, Murat SHARIFKHOJAYEV {since NA}, Uktam ISMAILOV {since NA}, Rustam YUNUSOV {since NA} were appointed by the president)
(government_executive_branch_cabinet#uzbekistan#Cabinet of Ministers was appointed by the president with approval of the Supreme Assembly)
(government_legislative_branch#uzbekistan#unicameral)
(government_supreme_assembly_{oliy_majlis}#uzbekistan#elections last held 25 December 1994 {next to be held NA 1999}; results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - {250 total} People's Democratic Party 207, Fatherland Progress Party 12, other 31; note - final runoffs were held 22 January 1995; seating was as follows: People's Democratic Party 69, Fatherland Progress Party 14, Social Democratic Party 47, local government 120)
(government_judicial_branch#uzbekistan#Supreme Court, judges are nominated by the president and confirmed by the Supreme Assembly)
(government_political_parties_and_leaders#uzbekistan#People's Democratic Party {PDP; formerly Communist Party}, Islom A. KARIMOV, chairman; Fatherland Progress Party {FPP}, Anwar YULDASHEV, chairman; Social Democratic Party, Anvar JORABAYEV, chairman)
(government_other_political_or_pressure_groups#uzbekistan#Birlik {Unity} People's Movement {BPM}, Ibrahim BURIYEV, chairman; Islamic Rebirth Party {IRP}, Abdullah UTAYEV, chairman; Erk {Freedom} Democratic Party was banned 9 December 1992)
(government_other_political_or_pressure_groups_note#uzbekistan#UTAYEV {IRP} is either in prison or in exile)
(government_international_organization_participation#uzbekistan#AsDB, CCC, CIS, EBRD, ECE, ECO, ESCAP, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Interpol, IOC, ISO, ITU, NACC, NAM, OIC {observer}, OSCE, PFP, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO {applicant})
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_chief_of_mission#uzbekistan#Ambassador Fatiq TESHABAYEV)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_chancery#uzbekistan#{temporary} Suites 619 and 623, 1511 K Street NW, Washington, DC 20005)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_telephone#uzbekistan#[1] {202} 638-4266, 4267)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_fax#uzbekistan#[1] {202} 638-4268)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_chief_of_mission#uzbekistan#Ambassador Stanley T. ESCUDERO)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_embassy#uzbekistan#82 Chilanzarskaya, Tashkent)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_mailing_address#uzbekistan#use embassy street address)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_telephone#uzbekistan#[7] {3712} 77-14-07, 77-10-81, 77-69-86)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_fax#uzbekistan#[7] {3712} 89-13-35)
(government_flag#uzbekistan#three equal horizontal bands of blue {top}, white, and green separated by red fimbriations with a crescent moon and 12 stars in the upper hoist-side quadrant)
(economy_economic_overview#uzbekistan#Uzbekistan is a dry, landlocked country of which 10% consists of intensely cultivated, irrigated river valleys. It was one of the poorest republics of the former Soviet Union with more than 60% of its population living in overpopulated rural communities. At the same time, Uzbekistan is the world's third largest cotton exporter, a major producer of gold and natural gas, and a regionally significant producer of chemicals and machinery. Following independence, the government sought to prop up its Soviet-style command economy with subsidies and tight controls on production and prices. Faced with high rates of inflation, however, the government stepped up the pace of reform in mid-1994, by introducing tighter monetary policies, expanding privatization, reducing the role of the state in the economy, and improving the environment for foreign investors. Nevertheless, the state continues to be a dominating influence in the economy, and reforms have so far failed to induce far-reaching structural changes.)
(economy_gdp#uzbekistan#purchasing power parity - $54.7 billion {1995 estimate as extrapolated from World Bank estimate for 1994})
(economy_gdp_real_growth_rate#uzbekistan#-1% {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_per_capita#uzbekistan#$2,370 {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_agriculture#uzbekistan#NA%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_industry#uzbekistan#NA%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_services#uzbekistan#NA%)
(economy_inflation_rate_{consumer_prices}#uzbekistan#7.7% monthly average {January-October 1995 est.})
(economy_labor_force#uzbekistan#8.234 million)
(economy_labor_force_by_occupation#uzbekistan#agriculture and forestry 43%, industry and construction 22%, other 35% {1992})
(economy_unemployment_rate#uzbekistan#0.4% includes only officially registered unemployed; large numbers of underemployed workers {December 1995})
(economy_budget_revenues#uzbekistan#$NA)
(economy_budget_expenditures#uzbekistan#$NA, including capital expenditures of $NA)
(economy_industries#uzbekistan#textiles, food processing, machine building, metallurgy, natural gas)
(economy_industrial_production_growth_rate#uzbekistan#0% {1995 est.})
(economy_electricity_capacity#uzbekistan#11,690,000 kW)
(economy_electricity_production#uzbekistan#47.5 billion kWh)
(economy_electricity_consumption_per_capita#uzbekistan#2,130 kWh {1994})
(economy_agriculture#uzbekistan#cotton, vegetables, fruits, grain; livestock)
(economy_illicit_drugs#uzbekistan#illicit cultivator of cannabis and opium poppy; mostly for CIS consumption; government eradication programs; used as transshipment point for illicit drugs to Western Europe)
(economy_exports#uzbekistan#$3.1 billion {1995})
(economy_exports_commodities#uzbekistan#cotton, gold, natural gas, mineral fertilizers, ferrous metals, textiles, food products)
(economy_exports_partners#uzbekistan#Russia, Ukraine, Eastern Europe, US)
(economy_imports#uzbekistan#$2.9 billion {1995})
(economy_imports_commodities#uzbekistan#grain, machinery and parts, consumer durables, other foods)
(economy_imports_partners#uzbekistan#principally other FSU countries, Czech Republic)
(economy_external_debt#uzbekistan#$1.285 billion {of which $510 million to Russia})
(economy_economic_aid_recipient#uzbekistan#ODA, $71 million {1993})
(economy_economic_aid_note#uzbekistan#commitments, $2,915 million {$135 million in disbursements} {1992-95})
(economy_currency#uzbekistan#introduced provisional som-coupons 10 November 1993 which circulated parallel to the Russian rubles; became the sole legal currency 31 January 1994; was replaced in July 1994 by the som currency)
(economy_exchange_rates#uzbekistan#soms per US$1 - 35.8 {end December 1995}, 25 {yearend 1994})
(economy_fiscal_year#uzbekistan#calendar year)
(transportation_railways_total#uzbekistan#3,460 km in common carrier service; does not include industrial lines)
(transportation_railways_broad_gauge#uzbekistan#3,460 km 1.520-m gauge {1990})
(transportation_highways_total#uzbekistan#78,400 km)
(transportation_highways_paved#uzbekistan#NA km)
(transportation_highways_unpaved#uzbekistan#NA km {1990 est.})
(transportation_pipelines#uzbekistan#crude oil 250 km; petroleum products 40 km; natural gas 810 km {1992})
(transportation_ports#uzbekistan#Termiz)
(transportation_airports_total#uzbekistan#261)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_over_3,047_m#uzbekistan#6)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_2,438_to_3,047_m#uzbekistan#14)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_1,524_to_2,437_m#uzbekistan#2)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_914_to_1,523_m#uzbekistan#8)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_under_914_m#uzbekistan#5)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_2,438_to_3,047_m#uzbekistan#2)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_1,524_to_2,437_m#uzbekistan#1)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_914_to_1,523_m#uzbekistan#7)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_under_914_m#uzbekistan#216 {1994 est.})
(communications_telephones#uzbekistan#1.458 million {1995 est.})
(communications_telephone_system#uzbekistan#poorly developed)
(communications_telephone_system_domestic#uzbekistan#NMT-450 analog cellular network established in Tashkent)
(communications_telephone_system_international#uzbekistan#linked by landline or microwave radio relay with CIS member states and to other countries by leased connection via the Moscow international gateway switch; new Intelsat links to Tokyo and Ankara give Uzbekistan international access independent of Russian facilities; satellite earth stations - NA Orbita and NA Intelsat)
(communications_radio_broadcast_stations#uzbekistan#AM NA, FM NA, shortwave NA; note - there is at least one state-owned broadcast station of NA type)
(communications_radios#uzbekistan#NA)
(communications_television_broadcast_stations#uzbekistan#2)
(communications_televisions#uzbekistan#NA)
(defense_branches#uzbekistan#Army, Air and Air Defense, Security Forces {internal and border troops}, National Guard)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_age_15-49#uzbekistan#5,672,621)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_fit_for_military_service#uzbekistan#4,623,960)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_reach_military_age_{18}_annually#uzbekistan#231,293 {1996 est.})
(defense_defense_expenditures#uzbekistan#164 million soms, 3.7% of GDP {1993}; note - conversion of defense expenditures into US dollars using the current exchange rate could produce misleading results)
(geography_location#vanuatu#Oceania, group of islands in the South Pacific Ocean, about three-quarters of the way from Hawaii to Australia)
(geography_geographic_coordinates#vanuatu#16 00 S, 167 00 E)
(geography_map_references#vanuatu#Oceania)
(geography_area_total_area#vanuatu#14,760 sq km)
(geography_area_land_area#vanuatu#14,760 sq km)
(geography_area_comparative_area#vanuatu#slightly larger than Connecticut)
(geography_area_note#vanuatu#includes more than 80 islands)
(geography_land_boundaries#vanuatu#0 km)
(geography_coastline#vanuatu#2,528 km)
(geography_maritime_claims#vanuatu#measured from claimed archipelagic baselines)
(geography_maritime_claims_contiguous_zone#vanuatu#24 nm)
(geography_maritime_claims_continental_shelf#vanuatu#200 nm or to the edge of the continental margin)
(geography_maritime_claims_exclusive_economic_zone#vanuatu#200 nm)
(geography_maritime_claims_territorial_sea#vanuatu#12 nm)
(geography_international_disputes#vanuatu#claims Matthew and Hunter Islands east of New Caledonia)
(geography_climate#vanuatu#tropical; moderated by southeast trade winds)
(geography_terrain#vanuatu#mostly mountains of volcanic origin; narrow coastal plains)
(geography_terrain_lowest_point#vanuatu#Pacific Ocean 0 m)
(geography_terrain_highest_point#vanuatu#Mount Tabwemasana 1,877 m)
(geography_natural_resources#vanuatu#manganese, hardwood forests, fish)
(geography_land_use_arable_land#vanuatu#1%)
(geography_land_use_permanent_crops#vanuatu#5%)
(geography_land_use_meadows_and_pastures#vanuatu#2%)
(geography_land_use_forest_and_woodland#vanuatu#1%)
(geography_land_use_other#vanuatu#91%)
(geography_irrigated_land#vanuatu#NA sq km)
(geography_environment_current_issues#vanuatu#a majority of the population does not have access to a potable and reliable supply of water)
(geography_environment_natural_hazards#vanuatu#tropical cyclones or typhoons {January to April}; volcanism causes minor earthquakes)
(geography_environment_international_agreements#vanuatu#party to - Biodiversity, Climate Change, Endangered Species, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution; signed, but not ratified - Desertification, Law of the Sea)
(people_population#vanuatu#177,504 {July 1996 est.})
(people_age_structure_0-14_years#vanuatu#40% {male 36,409; female 35,105})
(people_age_structure_15-64_years#vanuatu#57% {male 51,969; female 48,901})
(people_age_structure_65_years_and_over#vanuatu#3% {male 2,802; female 2,318} {July 1996 est.})
(people_population_growth_rate#vanuatu#2.17% {1996 est.})
(people_birth_rate#vanuatu#30.57 births/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_death_rate#vanuatu#8.84 deaths/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_net_migration_rate#vanuatu#0 migrant{s}/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_sex_ratio_at_birth#vanuatu#1.05 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_under_15_years#vanuatu#1.04 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_15-64_years#vanuatu#1.06 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_65_years_and_over#vanuatu#1.21 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_all_ages#vanuatu#1.06 male{s}/female {1996 est.})
(people_infant_mortality_rate#vanuatu#64.6 deaths/1,000 live births {1996 est.})
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_total_population#vanuatu#60.13 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_male#vanuatu#58.27 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_female#vanuatu#62.09 years {1996 est.})
(people_total_fertility_rate#vanuatu#4.01 children born/woman {1996 est.})
(people_nationality_noun#vanuatu#Ni-Vanuatu {singular and plural})
(people_nationality_adjective#vanuatu#Ni-Vanuatu)
(people_ethnic_divisions#vanuatu#indigenous Melanesian 94%, French 4%, Vietnamese, Chinese, Pacific Islanders)
(people_religions#vanuatu#Presbyterian 36.7%, Anglican 15%, Catholic 15%, indigenous beliefs 7.6%, Seventh-Day Adventist 6.2%, Church of Christ 3.8%, other 15.7%)
(people_languages#vanuatu#English {official}, French {official}, pidgin {known as Bislama or Bichelama})
(people_literacy#vanuatu#age 15 and over can read and write {1979 est.})
(people_literacy_total_population#vanuatu#53%)
(people_literacy_male#vanuatu#57%)
(people_literacy_female#vanuatu#48%)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_long_form#vanuatu#Republic of Vanuatu)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_short_form#vanuatu#Vanuatu)
(government_name_of_country_former#vanuatu#New Hebrides)
(government_data_code#vanuatu#NH)
(government_type_of_government#vanuatu#republic)
(government_capital#vanuatu#Port-Vila)
(government_administrative_divisions#vanuatu#6 provinces; Malampa, Penama, Sanma, Shefa, Tafea, Torba)
(government_independence#vanuatu#30 July 1980 {from France and UK})
(government_national_holiday#vanuatu#Independence Day, 30 July {1980})
(government_constitution#vanuatu#30 July 1980)
(government_legal_system#vanuatu#unified system being created from former dual French and British systems)
(government_suffrage#vanuatu#18 years of age; universal)
(government_executive_branch_chief_of_state#vanuatu#President Jean Marie LEYE {since 2 March 1994} was elected for a five-year term by an electoral college consisting of Parliament and the presidents of the regional councils)
(government_executive_branch_head_of_government#vanuatu#Prime Minister Maxime Carlot KORMAN {since 23 February 1996} was elected by Parliament from among its members; Deputy Prime Minister Donald KALPOKAS {since 23 February 1996} was appointed by the prime minister from among members of Parliament; note - Prime Minister VOHOR resigned 7 February 1996 when faced with a no-confidence vote in Parliament; Parliament then convened an extraordinary session and voted 30 to 20 to elect Maxime Carlot KORMAN as the new prime minister)
(government_executive_branch_cabinet#vanuatu#Council of Ministers was appointed by the prime minister, responsible to Parliament)
(government_legislative_branch#vanuatu#unicameral)
(government_parliament#vanuatu#elections last held 30 November 1995 {next to be held NA November 1999}; results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - {50 total} UMP 17, VP 14, NUP 9, MPP 5, TU 2, Na-Griamel Movement 1, Friend Melanesian Party 1, independent 1; note - after the election, a coalition was formed by the Union of Moderate Parties and the National United Party to form a new government on 14 December 1995, but political party associations are fluid)
(government_parliament_note#vanuatu#the National Council of Chiefs advises on matters of custom and land)
(government_judicial_branch#vanuatu#Supreme Court, chief justice is appointed by the president after consultation with the prime minister and the leader of the opposition, three other justices are appointed by the president on the advice of the Judicial Service Commission)
(government_political_parties_and_leaders#vanuatu#Union of Moderate Parties {UMP}, Serge VOHOR; National United Party {NUP}, Walter LINI; Unity Front {UF} includes the Vanuatu Party {VP}, Donald KALPOKAS, Melanesian Progressive Party {MPP}, Barak SOPE, Tan Union {TU}, Vincent BOULEKONE, and the Na-Griamel Movement, Frankie STEVENS; Friend Melanesian Party, leader NA; People's Democratic Party {PDP}, Sethy REGENVANU; Independence Front {IF}, Patrick CROWBY)
(government_international_organization_participation#vanuatu#ACCT, ACP, AsDB, C, ESCAP, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFC, IFRCS, IMF, IMO, Intelsat {nonsignatory user}, IOC, ITU, NAM, Sparteca, SPC, SPF, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WMO)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us#vanuatu#Vanuatu does not have an embassy in the US)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation#vanuatu#the US does not have an embassy in Vanuatu; the ambassador to Papua New Guinea is accredited to Vanuatu)
(government_flag#vanuatu#two equal horizontal bands of red {top} and green with a black isosceles triangle {based on the hoist side} all separated by a black-edged yellow stripe in the shape of a horizontal Y {the two points of the Y face the hoist side and enclose the triangle}; centered in the triangle is a boar's tusk encircling two crossed namele leaves, all in yellow)
(economy_economic_overview#vanuatu#The economy is based primarily on subsistence farming which provides a living for the bulk of the population. Fishing and tourism are the other mainstays of the economy, with 43,000 visitors in 1992. Mineral deposits are negligible; the country has no known petroleum deposits. A small light industry sector caters to the local market. Tax revenues come mainly from import duties.)
(economy_gdp#vanuatu#purchasing power parity - $210 million {1994 est.})
(economy_gdp_real_growth_rate#vanuatu#2% {1994 est.})
(economy_gdp_per_capita#vanuatu#$1,220 {1994 est.})
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_agriculture#vanuatu#NA%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_industry#vanuatu#NA%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_services#vanuatu#NA%)
(economy_inflation_rate_{consumer_prices}#vanuatu#7% {1995 est.})
(economy_labor_force#vanuatu#66,597 {1989 est.})
(economy_labor_force_by_occupation#vanuatu#agriculture 65%, services 32%, industry 3% {1995 est.})
(economy_unemployment_rate#vanuatu#NA%)
(economy_budget_revenues#vanuatu#$74.8 million)
(economy_budget_expenditures#vanuatu#$76.1 million, including capital expenditures of $NA {1994 est.})
(economy_industries#vanuatu#food and fish freezing, wood processing, meat canning)
(economy_industrial_production_growth_rate#vanuatu#3.4% {1993 est.})
(economy_electricity_capacity#vanuatu#17,000 kW)
(economy_electricity_production#vanuatu#30 million kWh)
(economy_electricity_consumption_per_capita#vanuatu#181 kWh {1993})
(economy_agriculture#vanuatu#coconuts, cocoa, coffee, taro, yams, coconuts, fruits, vegetables; fish)
(economy_exports#vanuatu#$24.6 million {f.o.b., 1994 est.})
(economy_exports_commodities#vanuatu#copra, beef, cocoa, timber, coffee)
(economy_exports_partners#vanuatu#EU 32%, Japan 29%, Australia 11%, New Caledonia 7% {1993})
(economy_imports#vanuatu#$78.6 million {f.o.b., 1994 est.})
(economy_imports_commodities#vanuatu#machines and vehicles, food and beverages, basic manufactures, raw materials and fuels, chemicals)
(economy_imports_partners#vanuatu#Australia 41%, France 15%, NZ 11%, Japan 9%, Fiji 6% {1992})
(economy_external_debt#vanuatu#$38.2 million {yearend 1993})
(economy_economic_aid_recipient#vanuatu#ODA, $NA)
(economy_currency#vanuatu#1 vatu {VT} = 100 centimes)
(economy_exchange_rates#vanuatu#vatu {VT} per US$1 - 114.40 {January 1996}, 112.11 {1995}, 116.41 {1994}, 121.58 {1993}, 113.39 {1992}, 111.68 {1991})
(economy_fiscal_year#vanuatu#calendar year)
(transportation_railways#vanuatu#0 km)
(transportation_highways_total#vanuatu#1,021 km)
(transportation_highways_paved#vanuatu#238 km)
(transportation_highways_unpaved#vanuatu#783 km {1987 est.})
(transportation_ports#vanuatu#Forari, Port-Vila, Santo {Espiritu Santo})
(transportation_merchant_marine_total#vanuatu#112 ships {1,000 GRT or over} totaling 1,587,286 GRT/2,173,970 DWT)
(transportation_merchant_marine_ships_by_type#vanuatu#bulk 38, cargo 29, chemical tanker 3, combination bulk 1, container 3, liquefied gas tanker 5, livestock carrier 1, oil tanker 6, refrigerated cargo 16, vehicle carrier 10)
(transportation_merchant_marine_note#vanuatu#a flag of convenience registry; includes ships from 20 countries among which are Japan 37, US 19, Netherlands 10, Greece 6, Hong Kong 6, China 4, Canada 4, UAE 3, Russia 2, and Australia 2 {1995 est.})
(transportation_airports_total#vanuatu#31)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_2,438_to_3,047_m#vanuatu#1)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_1,524_to_2,437_m#vanuatu#1)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_under_914_m#vanuatu#17)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_1,524_to_2,437_m#vanuatu#1)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_914_to_1,523_m#vanuatu#11 {1995 est.})
(communications_telephones#vanuatu#3,000 {1987 est.})
(communications_telephone_system_domestic#vanuatu#NA)
(communications_telephone_system_international#vanuatu#satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat {Pacific Ocean})
(communications_radio_broadcast_stations#vanuatu#AM 2, FM 0, shortwave 0)
(communications_radios#vanuatu#NA)
(communications_television_broadcast_stations#vanuatu#0 {1987 est.})
(communications_televisions#vanuatu#2,000 {1992 est.})
(defense_branches#vanuatu#no regular military forces; Vanuatu Police Force {VPF; includes the paramilitary Vanuatu Mobile Force or VMF})
(defense_manpower_availability_males_age_15-49#vanuatu#NA)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_fit_for_military_service#vanuatu#NA)
(defense_defense_expenditures#vanuatu#$NA, NA% of GDP)
(geography_location#venezuela#Northern South America, bordering the Caribbean Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean, between Colombia and Guyana)
(geography_geographic_coordinates#venezuela#8 00 N, 66 00 W)
(geography_map_references#venezuela#South America)
(geography_area_total_area#venezuela#912,050 sq km)
(geography_area_land_area#venezuela#882,050 sq km)
(geography_area_comparative_area#venezuela#slightly more than twice the size of California)
(geography_land_boundaries_total#venezuela#4,993 km)
(geography_land_boundaries_border_countries#venezuela#Brazil 2,200 km, Colombia 2,050 km, Guyana 743 km)
(geography_coastline#venezuela#2,800 km)
(geography_maritime_claims_contiguous_zone#venezuela#15 nm)
(geography_maritime_claims_continental_shelf#venezuela#200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation)
(geography_maritime_claims_exclusive_economic_zone#venezuela#200 nm)
(geography_maritime_claims_territorial_sea#venezuela#12 nm)
(geography_international_disputes#venezuela#claims all of Guyana west of the Essequibo River; maritime boundary dispute with Colombia in the Gulf of Venezuela)
(geography_climate#venezuela#tropical; hot, humid; more moderate in highlands)
(geography_terrain#venezuela#Andes Mountains and Maracaibo Lowlands in northwest; central plains {llanos}; Guiana Highlands in southeast)
(geography_terrain_lowest_point#venezuela#Caribbean Sea 0 m)
(geography_terrain_highest_point#venezuela#Pico Bolivar {La Columna} 5,007 m)
(geography_natural_resources#venezuela#petroleum, natural gas, iron ore, gold, bauxite, other minerals, hydropower, diamonds)
(geography_land_use_arable_land#venezuela#3%)
(geography_land_use_permanent_crops#venezuela#1%)
(geography_land_use_meadows_and_pastures#venezuela#20%)
(geography_land_use_forest_and_woodland#venezuela#39%)
(geography_land_use_other#venezuela#37%)
(geography_irrigated_land#venezuela#2,640 sq km {1989 est.})
(geography_environment_current_issues#venezuela#sewage pollution of Lago de Valencia; oil and urban pollution of Lago de Maracaibo; deforestation; soil degradation; urban and industrial pollution, especially along the Caribbean coast)
(geography_environment_natural_hazards#venezuela#subject to floods, rockslides, mud slides; periodic droughts)
(geography_environment_international_agreements#venezuela#party to - Biodiversity, Climate Change, Endangered Species, Marine Life Conservation, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands; signed, but not ratified - Hazardous Wastes, Marine Dumping, Tropical Timber 94)
(geography_geographic_note#venezuela#on major sea and air routes linking North and South America)
(people_population#venezuela#21,983,188 {July 1996 est.})
(people_age_structure_0-14_years#venezuela#35% {male 3,946,196; female 3,704,561})
(people_age_structure_15-64_years#venezuela#61% {male 6,702,404; female 6,666,626})
(people_age_structure_65_years_and_over#venezuela#4% {male 442,659; female 520,742} {July 1996 est.})
(people_population_growth_rate#venezuela#1.89% {1996 est.})
(people_birth_rate#venezuela#24.39 births/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_death_rate#venezuela#5.09 deaths/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_net_migration_rate#venezuela#-0.36 migrant{s}/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_sex_ratio_at_birth#venezuela#1.07 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_under_15_years#venezuela#1.06 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_15-64_years#venezuela#1 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_65_years_and_over#venezuela#0.85 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_all_ages#venezuela#1.02 male{s}/female {1996 est.})
(people_infant_mortality_rate#venezuela#29.5 deaths/1,000 live births {1996 est.})
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_total_population#venezuela#72.09 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_male#venezuela#69.11 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_female#venezuela#75.29 years {1996 est.})
(people_total_fertility_rate#venezuela#2.87 children born/woman {1996 est.})
(people_nationality_noun#venezuela#Venezuelan{s})
(people_nationality_adjective#venezuela#Venezuelan)
(people_ethnic_divisions#venezuela#mestizo 67%, white 21%, black 10%, Amerindian 2%)
(people_religions#venezuela#nominally Roman Catholic 96%, Protestant 2%)
(people_languages#venezuela#Spanish {official}, native dialects spoken by about 200,000 Amerindians in the remote interior)
(people_literacy#venezuela#age 15 and over can read and write {1995 est.})
(people_literacy_total_population#venezuela#91.1%)
(people_literacy_male#venezuela#91.8%)
(people_literacy_female#venezuela#90.3%)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_long_form#venezuela#Republic of Venezuela)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_short_form#venezuela#Venezuela)
(government_name_of_country_local_long_form#venezuela#Republica de Venezuela)
(government_name_of_country_local_short_form#venezuela#Venezuela)
(government_data_code#venezuela#VE)
(government_type_of_government#venezuela#republic)
(government_capital#venezuela#Caracas)
(government_administrative_divisions#venezuela#21 states {estados, singular - estado}, 1 territory* {territorio}, 1 federal district** {distrito federal}, and 1 federal dependency*** {dependencia federal}; Amazonas*, Anzoategui, Apure, Aragua, Barinas, Bolivar, Carabobo, Cojedes, Delta Amacuro, Dependencias Federales***, Distrito Federal**, Falcon, Guarico, Lara, Merida, Miranda, Monagas, Nueva Esparta, Portuguesa, Sucre, Tachira, Trujillo, Yaracuy, Zulia)
(government_administrative_divisions_note#venezuela#the federal dependency consists of 11 federally controlled island groups with a total of 72 individual islands)
(government_independence#venezuela#5 July 1811 {from Spain})
(government_national_holiday#venezuela#Independence Day, 5 July {1811})
(government_constitution#venezuela#23 January 1961)
(government_legal_system#venezuela#based on Napoleonic code; judicial review of legislative acts in Cassation Court only; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction)
(government_suffrage#venezuela#18 years of age; universal)
(government_executive_branch_chief_of_state_and_head_of_government#venezuela#President Rafael CALDERA Rodriguez {since 2 February 1994} was elected for a five-year term by universal suffrage; election last held 5 December 1993 {next to be held NA December 1998}; results - Rafael CALDERA {National Convergence} 30.45%, Claudio FERMIN {AD} 23.59%, Oswaldo ALVAREZ PAZ {COPEI} 22.72%, Andres VELASQUEZ {Causa R} 21.94%, other 1.3%)
(government_executive_branch_cabinet#venezuela#Council of Ministers was appointed by the president)
(government_legislative_branch#venezuela#bicameral Congress of the Republic {Congreso de la Republica})
(government_senate_{senado}#venezuela#elections last held 5 December 1993 {next to be held NA December 1998}; results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - {53 total} AD 18, COPEI 15, Causa R 9, MAS 5, National Convergence 6; note - 3 former presidents {2 from AD, 1 from COPEI} hold lifetime Senate seats)
(government_chamber_of_deputies_{camara_de_diputados}#venezuela#elections last held 5 December 1993 {next to be held NA December 1998}; results - AD 27.9%, COPEI 26.9%, MAS 12.4%, National Convergence 12.9%, Causa R 19.9%; seats - {203 total} AD 55, COPEI 53, MAS 24, National Convergence 26, Causa R 40, other 5)
(government_judicial_branch#venezuela#Supreme Court of Justice {Corte Suprema de Justicia}, magistrates are elected by both chambers in joint session)
(government_political_parties_and_leaders#venezuela#National Convergence {Convergencia}, Jose Miguel UZCATEGUI, president, Juan Jose CALDERA, national coordinator; Social Christian Party {COPEI}, Luis HERRERA Campins, president, and Donald RAMIREZ, secretary general; Democratic Action {AD}, Pedro PARIS Montesinos, president, and Luis ALFARO Ucero, secretary general; Movement Toward Socialism {MAS}, Gustavo MARQUEZ, president, and Enrique OCHOA Antich, secretary general; Radical Cause {La Causa R}, Pablo MEDINA, secretary general)
(government_other_political_or_pressure_groups#venezuela#FEDECAMARAS, a conservative business group; Venezuelan Confederation of Workers {CTV, labor organization dominated by the Democratic Action}; VECINOS groups)
(government_international_organization_participation#venezuela#AG, BCIE, Caricom {observer}, CDB, ECLAC, FAO, G- 3, G-11, G-15, G-19, G-24, G-77, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, ICRM, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, LAES, LAIA, MINURSO, NAM, OAS, OPANAL, OPEC, PCA, RG, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIKOM, UNU, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_chief_of_mission#venezuela#Ambassador Pedro Luis ECHEVERRIA)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_chancery#venezuela#1099 30th Street NW, Washington, DC 20007)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_telephone#venezuela#[1] {202} 342-2214)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_consulate{s}_general#venezuela#Boston, Chicago, Houston, Miami, New Orleans, New York, San Francisco, and San Juan {Puerto Rico})
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_chief_of_mission#venezuela#Ambassador Jeffrey DAVIDOW)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_embassy#venezuela#Calle F con Calle Suapure, Colinas de Valle Arriba, Caracas 1060)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_mailing_address#venezuela#P. O. Box 62291, Caracas 1060-A; APO AA 34037)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_telephone#venezuela#[58] {2} 977-2011)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_fax#venezuela#[58] {2} 977-0843)
(government_flag#venezuela#three equal horizontal bands of yellow {top}, blue, and red with the coat of arms on the hoist side of the yellow band and an arc of seven white five-pointed stars centered in the blue band)
(economy_economic_overview#venezuela#The petroleum sector continues to dominate the economy, accounting for roughly 25% of GDP, 70% of total merchandise exports, and 45% of government revenue. According to preliminary Venezuelan government figures, real GDP grew 2.2% in 1995, largely on the strength of 6% growth in the petroleum sector. Nonoil private sector GDP registered only a 0.8% gain in 1995, however, reflecting difficult domestic operating conditions, including a virtual cutoff of foreign exchange disbursements in the fourth quarter; the government has used foreign exchange controls to conserve reserves since mid-1994. The CALDERA administration is currently negotiating with the IMF for a $3 billion stand-by agreement; it is unclear whether Caracas is willing to take the tough steps - including a substantial increase in gasoline prices - needed to seal a deal. Most private forecasters predict a difficult 1996, including flat or declining GDP, continued inflationary pressure, a tight foreign exchange situation, and potentially severe budget difficulties for the government.)
(economy_gdp#venezuela#purchasing power parity - $195.5 billion {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_real_growth_rate#venezuela#2.2% {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_per_capita#venezuela#$9,300 {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_agriculture#venezuela#5%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_industry#venezuela#41%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_services#venezuela#54% {1993})
(economy_inflation_rate_{consumer_prices}#venezuela#57% {1995 est.})
(economy_labor_force#venezuela#7.6 million)
(economy_labor_force_by_occupation#venezuela#services 63%, industry 25%, agriculture 12% {1993})
(economy_unemployment_rate#venezuela#11.7% {1995 est.})
(economy_budget_revenues#venezuela#$7.25 billion)
(economy_budget_expenditures#venezuela#$9.8 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA million {1995 est.})
(economy_industries#venezuela#petroleum, iron ore mining, construction materials, food processing, textiles, steel, aluminum, motor vehicle assembly)
(economy_industrial_production_growth_rate#venezuela#0.5% {1995 est.})
(economy_electricity_capacity#venezuela#18,740,000 kW)
(economy_electricity_production#venezuela#72 billion kWh)
(economy_electricity_consumption_per_capita#venezuela#3,311 kWh {1993})
(economy_agriculture#venezuela#corn, sorghum, sugarcane, rice, bananas, vegetables, coffee; beef, pork, milk, eggs; fish)
(economy_illicit_drugs#venezuela#illicit producer of cannabis, opium, and coca leaf for the international drug trade on a small scale; however, large quantities of cocaine and heroin transit the country from Colombia; important money-laundering hub; active aerial eradication program primarily targeting opium)
(economy_exports#venezuela#$18.3 billion {f.o.b., 1995})
(economy_exports_commodities#venezuela#petroleum 72%, bauxite and aluminum, steel, chemicals, agricultural products, basic manufactures)
(economy_exports_partners#venezuela#US and Puerto Rico 55%, Japan, Netherlands, Italy)
(economy_imports#venezuela#$11.6 billion {f.o.b., 1995})
(economy_imports_commodities#venezuela#raw materials, machinery and equipment, transport equipment, construction materials)
(economy_imports_partners#venezuela#US 40%, Germany, Japan, Netherlands, Canada)
(economy_external_debt#venezuela#$40.1 billion {1994})
(economy_economic_aid_recipient#venezuela#ODA, $46 million {1993})
(economy_currency#venezuela#1 bolivar {Bs} = 100 centimos)
(economy_exchange_rates#venezuela#bolivares {Bs} per US$1 - 288.690 {January 1996}, 176.843 {1995}, 148.503 {1994}, 90.826 {1993}, 68.376 {1992}, 56.816 {1991})
(economy_fiscal_year#venezuela#calendar year)
(transportation_railways_total#venezuela#584 km {336 km single track; 248 km privately owned})
(transportation_railways_standard_gauge#venezuela#584 km 1.435-m gauge)
(transportation_highways_total#venezuela#93,472 km)
(transportation_highways_paved#venezuela#29,954 km)
(transportation_highways_unpaved#venezuela#63,518 km {1993 est.})
(transportation_waterways#venezuela#7,100 km; Rio Orinoco and Lago de Maracaibo accept oceangoing vessels)
(transportation_pipelines#venezuela#crude oil 6,370 km; petroleum products 480 km; natural gas 4,010 km)
(transportation_ports#venezuela#Amuay, Bajo Grande, El Tablazo, La Guaira, La Salina, Maracaibo, Matanzas, Palua, Puerto Cabello, Puerto la Cruz, Puerto Ordaz, Puerto Sucre, Punta Cardon)
(transportation_merchant_marine_total#venezuela#32 ships {1,000 GRT or over} totaling 612,645 GRT/1,090,707 DWT)
(transportation_merchant_marine_ships_by_type#venezuela#bulk 4, cargo 9, combination bulk 1, liquefied gas tanker 2, oil tanker 12, passenger-cargo 1, roll-on/roll-off cargo 2, short-sea passenger 1 {1995 est.})
(transportation_airports_total#venezuela#377)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_over_3,047_m#venezuela#5)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_2,438_to_3,047_m#venezuela#10)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_1,524_to_2,437_m#venezuela#34)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_914_to_1,523_m#venezuela#59)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_under_914_m#venezuela#165)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_1,524_to_2,437_m#venezuela#8)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_914_to_1,523_m#venezuela#96 {1995 est.})
(communications_telephones#venezuela#1.44 million {1987 est.})
(communications_telephone_system#venezuela#modern and expanding)
(communications_telephone_system_domestic#venezuela#domestic satellite system with 3 earth stations)
(communications_telephone_system_international#venezuela#3 submarine coaxial cables; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat {Atlantic Ocean})
(communications_radio_broadcast_stations#venezuela#AM 181, FM 0, shortwave 26)
(communications_radios#venezuela#9.04 million {1992 est.})
(communications_television_broadcast_stations#venezuela#59)
(communications_televisions#venezuela#3.3 million {1992 est.})
(defense_branches#venezuela#National Armed Forces {Fuerzas Armadas Nacionales or FAN} includes Ground Forces or Army {Fuerzas Terrestres or Ejercito}, Naval Forces {Fuerzas Navales or Armada}, Air Force {Fuerzas Aereas or Aviacion}, Armed Forces of Cooperation or National Guard {Fuerzas Armadas de Cooperacion or Guardia Nacional})
(defense_manpower_availability_males_age_15-49#venezuela#5,856,391)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_fit_for_military_service#venezuela#4,235,519)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_reach_military_age_{18}_annually#venezuela#236,084 {1996 est.})
(defense_defense_expenditures#venezuela#exchange rate conversion - $902 million, 1.4% of GDP {1996})
(geography_location#vietnam#Southeastern Asia, bordering the Gulf of Thailand, Gulf of Tonkin, and South China Sea, between China and Cambodia)
(geography_geographic_coordinates#vietnam#16 00 N, 106 00 E)
(geography_map_references#vietnam#Southeast Asia)
(geography_area_total_area#vietnam#329,560 sq km)
(geography_area_land_area#vietnam#325,360 sq km)
(geography_area_comparative_area#vietnam#slightly larger than New Mexico)
(geography_land_boundaries_total#vietnam#3,818 km)
(geography_land_boundaries_border_countries#vietnam#Cambodia 982 km, China 1,281 km, Laos 1,555 km)
(geography_coastline#vietnam#3,444 km {excludes islands})
(geography_maritime_claims_contiguous_zone#vietnam#24 nm)
(geography_maritime_claims_continental_shelf#vietnam#200 nm or to the edge of the continental margin)
(geography_maritime_claims_exclusive_economic_zone#vietnam#200 nm)
(geography_maritime_claims_territorial_sea#vietnam#12 nm)
(geography_international_disputes#vietnam#maritime boundary with Cambodia not defined; involved in a complex dispute over the Spratly Islands in the South China Sea with China, Malaysia, Philippines, Taiwan, and possibly Brunei; unresolved maritime boundary with Thailand; maritime boundary dispute with China in the Gulf of Tonkin; Paracel Islands in the South China Sea occupied by China but claimed by Vietnam and Taiwan; offshore islands and sections of boundary with Cambodia are in dispute)
(geography_climate#vietnam#tropical in south; monsoonal in north with hot, rainy season {mid-May to mid-September} and warm, dry season {mid-October to mid-March})
(geography_terrain#vietnam#low, flat delta in south and north; central highlands; hilly, mountainous in far north and northwest)
(geography_terrain_lowest_point#vietnam#South China Sea 0 m)
(geography_terrain_highest_point#vietnam#Ngoc Linh 3,143 m)
(geography_natural_resources#vietnam#phosphates, coal, manganese, bauxite, chromate, offshore oil deposits, forests)
(geography_land_use_arable_land#vietnam#22%)
(geography_land_use_permanent_crops#vietnam#2%)
(geography_land_use_meadows_and_pastures#vietnam#1%)
(geography_land_use_forest_and_woodland#vietnam#40%)
(geography_land_use_other#vietnam#35%)
(geography_irrigated_land#vietnam#18,300 sq km {1989 est.})
(geography_environment_current_issues#vietnam#logging and slash-and-burn agricultural practices are contributing to deforestation; soil degradation; water pollution and overfishing threatening marine life populations; inadequate supplies of potable water because of groundwater contamination)
(geography_environment_natural_hazards#vietnam#occasional typhoons {May to January} with extensive flooding)
(geography_environment_international_agreements#vietnam#party to - Biodiversity, Climate Change, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands; signed, but not ratified - Hazardous Wastes, Nuclear Test Ban)
(people_population#vietnam#73,976,973 {July 1996 est.})
(people_age_structure_0-14_years#vietnam#36% {male 13,739,304; female 12,988,929})
(people_age_structure_15-64_years#vietnam#59% {male 20,956,735; female 22,448,944})
(people_age_structure_65_years_and_over#vietnam#5% {male 1,548,513; female 2,294,548} {July 1996 est.})
(people_population_growth_rate#vietnam#1.57% {1996 est.})
(people_birth_rate#vietnam#23 births/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_death_rate#vietnam#6.95 deaths/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_net_migration_rate#vietnam#-0.35 migrant{s}/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_sex_ratio_at_birth#vietnam#1.06 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_under_15_years#vietnam#1.06 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_15-64_years#vietnam#0.93 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_65_years_and_over#vietnam#0.68 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_all_ages#vietnam#0.96 male{s}/female {1996 est.})
(people_infant_mortality_rate#vietnam#38.4 deaths/1,000 live births {1996 est.})
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_total_population#vietnam#67.02 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_male#vietnam#64.69 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_female#vietnam#69.48 years {1996 est.})
(people_total_fertility_rate#vietnam#2.69 children born/woman {1996 est.})
(people_nationality_noun#vietnam#Vietnamese {singular and plural})
(people_nationality_adjective#vietnam#Vietnamese)
(people_ethnic_divisions#vietnam#Vietnamese 85%-90%, Chinese 3%, Muong, Thai, Meo, Khmer, Man, Cham)
(people_religions#vietnam#Buddhist, Taoist, Roman Catholic, indigenous beliefs, Islam, Protestant)
(people_languages#vietnam#Vietnamese {official}, French, Chinese, English, Khmer, tribal languages {Mon-Khmer and Malayo-Polynesian})
(people_literacy#vietnam#age 15 and over can read and write {1995 est.})
(people_literacy_total_population#vietnam#93.7%)
(people_literacy_male#vietnam#96.5%)
(people_literacy_female#vietnam#91.2%)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_long_form#vietnam#Socialist Republic of Vietnam)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_short_form#vietnam#Vietnam)
(government_name_of_country_local_long_form#vietnam#Cong Hoa Chu Nghia Viet Nam)
(government_name_of_country_local_short_form#vietnam#Viet Nam)
(government_name_of_country_abbreviation#vietnam#SRV)
(government_data_code#vietnam#VM)
(government_type_of_government#vietnam#Communist state)
(government_capital#vietnam#Hanoi)
(government_administrative_divisions#vietnam#50 provinces {tinh, singular and plural}, 3 municipalities* {thu do, singular and plural}; An Giang, Ba Ria-Vung Tau, Bac Thai, Ben Tre, Binh Dinh, Binh Thuan, Can Tho, Cao Bang, Dac Lac, Dong Nai, Dong Thap, Gia Lai, Ha Bac, Ha Giang, Ha Noi*, Ha Tay, Ha Tinh, Hai Hung, Hai Phong*, Ho Chi Minh*, Hoa Binh, Khanh Hoa, Kien Giang, Kon Tum, Lai Chau, Lam Dong, Lang Son, Lao Cai, Long An, Minh Hai, Nam Ha, Nghe An, Ninh Binh, Ninh Thuan, Phu Yen, Quang Binh, Quang Nam-Da Nang, Quang Ngai, Quang Ninh, Quang Tri, Soc Trang, Son La, Song Be, Tay Ninh, Thai Binh, Thanh Hoa, Thua Thien-Hue, Tien Giang, Tra Vinh, Tuyen Quang, Vinh Long, Vinh Phu, Yen Bai)
(government_independence#vietnam#2 September 1945 {from France})
(government_national_holiday#vietnam#Independence Day, 2 September {1945})
(government_constitution#vietnam#15 April 1992)
(government_legal_system#vietnam#based on communist legal theory and French civil law system)
(government_suffrage#vietnam#18 years of age; universal)
(government_executive_branch_chief_of_state#vietnam#President Le Duc ANH {since 23 September 1992} was elected for a five-year term by the National Assembly from among its members)
(government_executive_branch_head_of_government#vietnam#Prime Minister Vo Van KIET {since 9 August 1991} was appointed by the president from among the members of the National Assembly; First Deputy Prime Minister Phan Van KHAI {since 10 August 1991} and Deputy Prime Ministers Nguyen KHANH {since NA February 1987} and Tran Duc LUONG {since NA February 1987} were appointed by the prime minister)
(government_executive_branch_cabinet#vietnam#Cabinet was appointed by the president on proposal of the prime minister and ratification of the National Assembly)
(government_legislative_branch#vietnam#unicameral)
(government_national_assembly_{quoc-hoi}#vietnam#elections last held 19 July 1992 {next to be held NA July 1997}; results - CPV is the only party; seats - {395 total} CPV or CPV-approved 395)
(government_judicial_branch#vietnam#Supreme People's Court, chief justice is elected for a five-year term by the National Assembly on the recommendation of the president)
(government_political_parties_and_leaders#vietnam#only party - Communist Party of Vietnam {CPV}, DO MUOI, general secretary)
(government_international_organization_participation#vietnam#ACCT, AsDB, ASEAN, CCC, ESCAP, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, IOM {observer}, ISO, ITU, Mekong Group, NAM, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO {applicant})
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_chief_of_mission#vietnam#Ambassador {vacant}; Charge d'Affaires ad interim Le Van BANG)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_chancery#vietnam#1233 20th Street NW, Washington, DC 20036, Suite 501)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_telephone#vietnam#[1] {202} 861-0737)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_fax#vietnam#[1] {202} 861-0917)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_note#vietnam#on 11 July 1995, President CLINTON announced the normalization of diplomatic relations with Vietnam; the liaison offices in both countries were upgraded to full embassies on 5 August 1995)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_chief_of_mission#vietnam#Ambassador {vacant}; Charge d'Affaires L. Desaix ANDERSON)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_embassy#vietnam#7 Lang Ha Road, Ba Dinh District, Hanoi)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_mailing_address#vietnam#PSC 461, Box 400, FPO AP 96521-0002)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_telephone#vietnam#[84] {4} 431500)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_fax#vietnam#[84] {4} 350484)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_note#vietnam#on 11 July 1995, President CLINTON announced the normalization of diplomatic relations with Vietnam; the liaison offices in both countries were upgraded to full embassies on 5 August 1995)
(government_flag#vietnam#red with a large yellow five-pointed star in the center)
(economy_economic_overview#vietnam#Vietnam's economic performance has been impressive in 1990-95, with real growth averaging over 8% annually. Much of this growth comes from a surge in foreign investment outlays which are estimated at $750 million in 1995, up 50% from 1993 levels. Utilization rates for official development assistance are also increasing, rising to an estimated $535 million in 1995. Foreign capital is contributing to a boom in commercial construction and strong growth in services and industrial output. Crude oil remains the country's largest single export but now accounts for only one-quarter of total exports, slightly more than manufactures. Imports are dominated by capital and intermediate goods closely related to investment outlays. Vietnamese authorities may not be moving quickly enough to establish the financial and legal infrastructure needed to sustain growth through the remainder of the decade. Reform of the banking sector is proceeding slowly, raising concerns that the country will be unable to tap sufficient domestic savings to maintain rapid growth. Administrative and legal barriers are leading to costly delays for foreign investors, raising doubts about Vietnam's ability to maintain the inflow of foreign capital. While government officials are leading an effort to accelerate reform, their continuing ideological bias in favor of state intervention and control of the economy may slow progress toward a more liberalized investment environment. Even with the strong growth of the economy, unemployment at 25% remains a major problem.)
(economy_gdp#vietnam#purchasing power parity - $97 billion {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_real_growth_rate#vietnam#9.5% {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_per_capita#vietnam#$1,300 {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_agriculture#vietnam#28%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_industry#vietnam#28%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_services#vietnam#44% {1995 est.})
(economy_inflation_rate_{consumer_prices}#vietnam#14% {1995})
(economy_labor_force#vietnam#32.7 million)
(economy_labor_force_by_occupation#vietnam#agricultural 65%, industrial and service 35% {1990 est.})
(economy_unemployment_rate#vietnam#25% {1995 est.})
(economy_budget_revenues#vietnam#$4.67 billion)
(economy_budget_expenditures#vietnam#$5 billion, including capital expenditures of $1.36 billion {1995 est.})
(economy_industries#vietnam#food processing, textiles, machine building, mining, cement, chemical fertilizer, glass, tires, oil)
(economy_industrial_production_growth_rate#vietnam#14% {1995 est.})
(economy_electricity_capacity#vietnam#4,470,000 kW)
(economy_electricity_production#vietnam#20 billion kWh)
(economy_electricity_consumption_per_capita#vietnam#200 kWh {1995 est.})
(economy_agriculture#vietnam#paddy rice, corn, potatoes, rubber, soybeans, coffee, tea, bananas; poultry, pigs; fish catch of 943,100 metric tons {1989 est.})
(economy_illicit_drugs#vietnam#opium producer and increasingly important transit point for Southeast Asian heroin destined for the US and Europe; growing opium addiction; possible small-scale heroin production)
(economy_exports#vietnam#$5.3 billion {f.o.b., 1995 est.})
(economy_exports_commodities#vietnam#crude oil, rice, marine products, coffee, rubber, tea, and garments)
(economy_exports_partners#vietnam#Japan, Singapore, Taiwan, Hong Kong, France, South Korea)
(economy_imports#vietnam#$7.5 billion {f.o.b., 1995 est.})
(economy_imports_commodities#vietnam#petroleum products, machinery and equipment, steel products, fertilizer, raw cotton, grain)
(economy_imports_partners#vietnam#Singapore, South Korea, Japan, France, Hong Kong, Taiwan)
(economy_external_debt#vietnam#$7.3 billion Western countries; $4.5 billion CEMA debts primarily to Russia; $9 billion to $18 billion nonconvertible debt {former CEMA, Iraq, Iran})
(economy_economic_aid_recipient#vietnam#ODA, $57 million {1993})
(economy_economic_aid_note#vietnam#$2.31 billion in credits and grants pledged by international donors for 1996)
(economy_currency#vietnam#1 new dong {D} = 100 xu)
(economy_exchange_rates#vietnam#new dong {D} per US$1 - 11,193 {1995 average}, 11,000 {October 1994}, 10,800 {November 1993}, 8,100 {July 1991}, 7,280 {December 1990}, 3,996 {March 1990})
(economy_fiscal_year#vietnam#calendar year)
(transportation_railways_total#vietnam#2,835 km {in addition, there are 224 km not restored to service after war damage})
(transportation_railways_standard_gauge#vietnam#151 km 1.435-m gauge)
(transportation_railways_narrow_gauge#vietnam#2,454 km 1.000-m gauge)
(transportation_railways_other_gauge#vietnam#230 km NA-m dual gauge {three rails})
(transportation_highways_total#vietnam#105,000 km)
(transportation_highways_paved#vietnam#10,500 km)
(transportation_highways_unpaved#vietnam#94,500 km {1993 est.})
(transportation_waterways#vietnam#17,702 km navigable; more than 5,149 km navigable at all times by vessels up to 1.8 m draft)
(transportation_pipelines#vietnam#petroleum products 150 km)
(transportation_ports#vietnam#Da Nang, Haiphong, Ho Chi Minh City, Hon Gai, Qui Nhon, Nha Trang)
(transportation_merchant_marine_total#vietnam#112 ships {1,000 GRT or over} totaling 569,269 GRT/947,938 DWT)
(transportation_merchant_marine_ships_by_type#vietnam#bulk 3, cargo 95, oil tanker 10, refrigerated cargo 3, roll-on/roll-off cargo 1)
(transportation_merchant_marine_note#vietnam#Vietnam owns an additional 9 ships {1,000 GRT or over} totaling 120,320 DWT operating under the registries of Honduras, Panama, The Bahamas, and Malta {1995 est.})
(transportation_airports_total#vietnam#48)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_over_3,047_m#vietnam#8)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_2,438_to_3,047_m#vietnam#3)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_1,524_to_2,437_m#vietnam#5)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_914_to_1,523_m#vietnam#13)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_under_914_m#vietnam#7)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_1,524_to_2,437_m#vietnam#2)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_914_to_1,523_m#vietnam#5)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_under_914_m#vietnam#5 {1994 est.})
(communications_telephones#vietnam#800,000 {1995 est.})
(communications_telephone_system#vietnam#while Vietnam's telecommunication sector lags far behind other countries in Southeast Asia, Hanoi has made considerable progress since 1991 in upgrading the system; Vietnam has digitized fully 100% of provincial switch boards, while fiber-optic and microwave transmission systems have been extended from Hanoi, Da Nang, and Ho Chi Minh City to all provinces; the density of telephone receivers nationwide doubled from 1993 to 1995, but is still far behind other countries in the region; Vietnam's telecommunications strategy aims to increase telephone density to 30 per 1,000 inhabitants by the year 2000 and authorities estimate that approximately $2.7 billion will be spent on telecommunications upgrades through the end of the decade)
(communications_telephone_system_domestic#vietnam#NA)
(communications_telephone_system_international#vietnam#satellite earth stations - 2 Intersputnik {Indian Ocean region})
(communications_radio_broadcast_stations#vietnam#AM NA, FM 228, shortwave 0)
(communications_radios#vietnam#7.215 million {1992 est.})
(communications_television_broadcast_stations#vietnam#36 {repeaters 77})
(communications_televisions#vietnam#2.9 million {1992 est.})
(defense_branches#vietnam#People's Army of Vietnam {PAVN} {includes Ground Forces, Navy, and Air Force})
(defense_manpower_availability_males_age_15-49#vietnam#18,593,129)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_fit_for_military_service#vietnam#11,769,955)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_reach_military_age_{17}_annually#vietnam#796,312 {1996 est.})
(defense_defense_expenditures#vietnam#exchange rate conversion - $544 million, 2.7% of GDP {1995})
(header_affiliation#virgin_islands#{territory of the US})
(geography_location#virgin_islands#Caribbean, islands between the Caribbean Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean, east of Puerto Rico)
(geography_geographic_coordinates#virgin_islands#18 20 N, 64 50 W)
(geography_map_references#virgin_islands#Central America and the Caribbean)
(geography_area_total_area#virgin_islands#352 sq km)
(geography_area_land_area#virgin_islands#349 sq km)
(geography_area_comparative_area#virgin_islands#twice the size of Washington, DC)
(geography_land_boundaries#virgin_islands#0 km)
(geography_coastline#virgin_islands#188 km)
(geography_maritime_claims_exclusive_economic_zone#virgin_islands#200 nm)
(geography_maritime_claims_territorial_sea#virgin_islands#12 nm)
(geography_international_disputes#virgin_islands#none)
(geography_climate#virgin_islands#subtropical, tempered by easterly trade winds, relatively low humidity, little seasonal temperature variation; rainy season May to November)
(geography_terrain#virgin_islands#mostly hilly to rugged and mountainous with little level land)
(geography_terrain_lowest_point#virgin_islands#Caribbean Sea 0 m)
(geography_terrain_highest_point#virgin_islands#Crown Mountain 474 m)
(geography_natural_resources#virgin_islands#sun, sand, sea, surf)
(geography_land_use_arable_land#virgin_islands#15%)
(geography_land_use_permanent_crops#virgin_islands#6%)
(geography_land_use_meadows_and_pastures#virgin_islands#26%)
(geography_land_use_forest_and_woodland#virgin_islands#6%)
(geography_land_use_other#virgin_islands#47%)
(geography_irrigated_land#virgin_islands#NA sq km)
(geography_environment_current_issues#virgin_islands#lack of natural freshwater resources)
(geography_environment_natural_hazards#virgin_islands#rarely affected by hurricanes; frequent and severe droughts, floods, and earthquakes)
(geography_environment_international_agreements#virgin_islands#NA)
(geography_geographic_note#virgin_islands#important location along the Anegada Passage - a key shipping lane for the Panama Canal; Saint Thomas has one of the best natural, deepwater harbors in the Caribbean)
(people_population#virgin_islands#97,120 {July 1996 est.})
(people_population_note#virgin_islands#West Indian {45% born in the Virgin Islands and 29% born elsewhere in the West Indies} 74%, US mainland 13%, Puerto Rican 5%, other 8%)
(people_age_structure_0-14_years#virgin_islands#NA)
(people_age_structure_15-64_years#virgin_islands#NA)
(people_age_structure_65_years_and_over#virgin_islands#NA)
(people_population_growth_rate#virgin_islands#-0.06% {1996 est.})
(people_birth_rate#virgin_islands#17.57 births/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_death_rate#virgin_islands#5.2 deaths/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_net_migration_rate#virgin_islands#-12.94 migrant{s}/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_sex_ratio_at_birth#virgin_islands#NA male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_under_15_years#virgin_islands#NA male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_15-64_years#virgin_islands#NA male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_65_years_and_over#virgin_islands#NA male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_all_ages#virgin_islands#NA male{s}/female)
(people_infant_mortality_rate#virgin_islands#12.54 deaths/1,000 live births {1996 est.})
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_total_population#virgin_islands#75.29 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_male#virgin_islands#73.6 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_female#virgin_islands#77.2 years {1996 est.})
(people_total_fertility_rate#virgin_islands#2.29 children born/woman {1996 est.})
(people_nationality_noun#virgin_islands#Virgin Islander{s})
(people_nationality_adjective#virgin_islands#Virgin Islander)
(people_ethnic_divisions#virgin_islands#black 80%, white 15%, other 5%)
(people_religions#virgin_islands#Baptist 42%, Roman Catholic 34%, Episcopalian 17%, other 7%)
(people_languages#virgin_islands#English {official}, Spanish, Creole)
(people_literacy#virgin_islands#NA)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_long_form#virgin_islands#Virgin Islands of the United States)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_short_form#virgin_islands#Virgin Islands)
(government_name_of_country_former#virgin_islands#Danish West Indies)
(government_data_code#virgin_islands#VQ)
(government_type_of_government#virgin_islands#organized, unincorporated territory of the US administered by the Office of Territorial and International Affairs, US Department of the Interior)
(government_capital#virgin_islands#Charlotte Amalie)
(government_administrative_divisions#virgin_islands#none {territory of the US})
(government_national_holiday#virgin_islands#Transfer Day, 31 March {1917} {from Denmark to US})
(government_constitution#virgin_islands#Revised Organic Act of 22 July 1954)
(government_legal_system#virgin_islands#based on US laws)
(government_suffrage#virgin_islands#18 years of age; universal; note - indigenous inhabitants are US citizens but do not vote in US presidential elections)
(government_executive_branch_chief_of_state#virgin_islands#President {of the United States} William Jefferson CLINTON {since 20 January 1993}; Vice President Albert GORE, Jr. {since 20 January 1993})
(government_executive_branch_head_of_government#virgin_islands#Governor Dr. Roy L. SCHNEIDER {since 5 January 1995} and Lieutenant Governor Kenneth E. MAPP {since 5 January 1995} were elected for four-year terms by universal suffrage; election last held 22 November 1994 {next to be held NA November 1998}; results - Dr. Roy L. SCHNEIDER {ICM} 54.7%, former Lieutenant Governor Derek HODGE 42.6%)
(government_legislative_branch#virgin_islands#unicameral)
(government_senate#virgin_islands#elections last held 8 November 1994 {next to be held 5 November 1996}; results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - {15 total} Democrats 7, independents 7, Republican 1)
(government_us_house_of_representatives#virgin_islands#elections last held 8 November 1994 {next to be held 5 November 1996}; results - Victor O. FRAZER {ICM} 54.5%, Eileen R. PETERSON {Democrat} 45.5%; seats - {1 total} ICM 1; note - the Virgin Islands elects one representative to the US House of Representatives)
(government_judicial_branch#virgin_islands#US District Court, handles civil matters over $50,000, felonies {persons 15 years of age and over}, and federal cases, judges are appointed by the president; Territorial Court, handles civil matters up to $50,000, small claims, juvenile, domestic, misdemeanors, and traffic cases, judges appointed by the governor)
(government_political_parties_and_leaders#virgin_islands#Democratic Party, Marilyn STAPLETON; Independent Citizens' Movement {ICM}, Virdin C. BROWN; Republican Party, Charlotte-Poole DAVIS)
(government_international_organization_participation#virgin_islands#ECLAC {associate}, IOC)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us#virgin_islands#none {territory of the US})
(government_us_diplomatic_representation#virgin_islands#none {territory of the US})
(government_flag#virgin_islands#white with a modified US coat of arms in the center between the large blue initials V and I; the coat of arms shows a yellow eagle holding an olive branch in one talon and three arrows in the other with a superimposed shield of vertical red and white stripes below a blue panel)
(economy_economic_overview#virgin_islands#Tourism is the primary economic activity, accounting for more than 70% of GDP and 70% of employment. The manufacturing sector consists of textile, electronics, pharmaceutical, and watch assembly plants. The agricultural sector is small, most food being imported. International business and financial services are a small but growing component of the economy. One of the world's largest petroleum refineries is at Saint Croix.)
(economy_gdp#virgin_islands#purchasing power parity - $1.2 billion {1987 est.})
(economy_gdp_real_growth_rate#virgin_islands#NA%)
(economy_gdp_per_capita#virgin_islands#$12,500 {1987 est.})
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_agriculture#virgin_islands#NA%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_industry#virgin_islands#NA%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_services#virgin_islands#NA%)
(economy_inflation_rate_{consumer_prices}#virgin_islands#NA%)
(economy_labor_force#virgin_islands#47,443 {1990 est.})
(economy_labor_force_by_occupation#virgin_islands#agriculture, industry, services, other {1990 est.})
(economy_unemployment_rate#virgin_islands#3.7% {1992})
(economy_budget_revenues#virgin_islands#$364.4 million)
(economy_budget_expenditures#virgin_islands#$364.4 million, including capital expenditures of $NA {1990 est.})
(economy_industries#virgin_islands#tourism, petroleum refining, watch assembly, rum distilling, construction, pharmaceuticals, textiles, electronics)
(economy_industrial_production_growth_rate#virgin_islands#12% {year NA})
(economy_electricity_capacity#virgin_islands#320,000 kW)
(economy_electricity_production#virgin_islands#970 million kWh)
(economy_electricity_consumption_per_capita#virgin_islands#9,172 kWh {1993})
(economy_agriculture#virgin_islands#truck garden products, fruit, vegetables, sorghum; Senepol cattle)
(economy_exports#virgin_islands#$2.8 billion {f.o.b., 1990})
(economy_exports_commodities#virgin_islands#refined petroleum products)
(economy_exports_partners#virgin_islands#US, Puerto Rico)
(economy_imports#virgin_islands#$3.3 billion {c.i.f., 1990})
(economy_imports_commodities#virgin_islands#crude oil, foodstuffs, consumer goods, building materials)
(economy_imports_partners#virgin_islands#US, Puerto Rico)
(economy_external_debt#virgin_islands#$NA)
(economy_economic_aid#virgin_islands#$NA)
(economy_currency#virgin_islands#1 United States dollar {US$} = 100 cents)
(economy_exchange_rates#virgin_islands#US currency is used)
(economy_fiscal_year#virgin_islands#1 October - 30 September)
(transportation_railways#virgin_islands#0 km)
(transportation_highways_total#virgin_islands#856 km)
(transportation_highways_paved#virgin_islands#NA km)
(transportation_highways_unpaved#virgin_islands#NA km)
(transportation_ports#virgin_islands#Charlotte Amalie, Christiansted, Cruz Bay, Port Alucroix)
(transportation_merchant_marine#virgin_islands#none)
(transportation_airports_total#virgin_islands#2)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_1,524_to_2,437_m#virgin_islands#2)
(transportation_airports_note#virgin_islands#international airports on Saint Thomas and Saint Croix {1995 est.})
(communications_telephones#virgin_islands#60,000 {1990 est.})
(communications_telephone_system_domestic#virgin_islands#modern, uses fiber-optic cable and microwave radio relay)
(communications_telephone_system_international#virgin_islands#submarine cable and satellite communications; satellite earth stations - NA)
(communications_radio_broadcast_stations#virgin_islands#AM 4, FM 8, shortwave 0 {1988})
(communications_radios#virgin_islands#105,000 {1992 est.})
(communications_television_broadcast_stations#virgin_islands#4 {1988 est.})
(communications_televisions#virgin_islands#65,000 {1992 est.})
(defense_defense_note#virgin_islands#defense is the responsibility of the US)
(header_affiliation#wake_island#{territory of the US})
(geography_location#wake_island#Oceania, island in the North Pacific Ocean, about two-thirds of the way from Hawaii to the Northern Mariana Islands)
(geography_geographic_coordinates#wake_island#19 17 N, 166 36 E)
(geography_map_references#wake_island#Oceania)
(geography_area_total_area#wake_island#6.5 sq km)
(geography_area_land_area#wake_island#6.5 sq km)
(geography_area_comparative_area#wake_island#about 11 times the size of The Mall in Washington, DC)
(geography_land_boundaries#wake_island#0 km)
(geography_coastline#wake_island#19.3 km)
(geography_maritime_claims_exclusive_economic_zone#wake_island#200 nm)
(geography_maritime_claims_territorial_sea#wake_island#12 nm)
(geography_international_disputes#wake_island#claimed by the Republic of the Marshall Islands)
(geography_climate#wake_island#tropical)
(geography_terrain#wake_island#atoll of three coral islands built up on an underwater volcano; central lagoon is former crater, islands are part of the rim)
(geography_terrain_lowest_point#wake_island#Pacific Ocean 0 m)
(geography_terrain_highest_point#wake_island#unnamed location 6 m)
(geography_natural_resources#wake_island#none)
(geography_land_use_arable_land#wake_island#0%)
(geography_land_use_permanent_crops#wake_island#0%)
(geography_land_use_meadows_and_pastures#wake_island#0%)
(geography_land_use_forest_and_woodland#wake_island#0%)
(geography_land_use_other#wake_island#100%)
(geography_irrigated_land#wake_island#0 sq km)
(geography_environment_current_issues#wake_island#NA)
(geography_environment_natural_hazards#wake_island#occasional typhoons)
(geography_environment_international_agreements#wake_island#NA)
(geography_geographic_note#wake_island#strategic location in the North Pacific Ocean; emergency landing location for transpacific flights)
(people_population#wake_island#no indigenous inhabitants; there are 302 US military and contract personnel {July 1995 est.})
(people_population_growth_rate#wake_island#0% {1996 est.})
(people_birth_rate#wake_island#NA births/1,000 population)
(people_death_rate#wake_island#NA deaths/1,000 population)
(people_net_migration_rate#wake_island#NA migrant{s}/1,000 population)
(people_infant_mortality_rate#wake_island#NA deaths/1,000 live births)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_total_population#wake_island#NA years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_male#wake_island#NA years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_female#wake_island#NA years)
(people_total_fertility_rate#wake_island#NA children born/woman)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_long_form#wake_island#none)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_short_form#wake_island#Wake Island)
(government_data_code#wake_island#WQ)
(government_type_of_government#wake_island#unincorporated territory of the US administered by the US Army and Strategic Defense Command since 1 October 1994)
(government_capital#wake_island#none; administered from Washington, DC)
(government_independence#wake_island#none {territory of the US})
(government_flag#wake_island#the flag of the US is used)
(economy_economic_overview#wake_island#Economic activity is limited to providing services to US military personnel and contractors located on the island. All food and manufactured goods must be imported.)
(economy_electricity#wake_island#supplied by US military)
(transportation_railways#wake_island#0 km)
(transportation_ports#wake_island#none; two offshore anchorages for large ships)
(transportation_merchant_marine#wake_island#none)
(transportation_airports_total#wake_island#1)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_2,438_to_3,047_m#wake_island#1 {1995 est.})
(transportation_transportation_note#wake_island#formerly an important commercial aviation base, now used by US military, some commercial cargo planes, as well as the US Army Space and Strategic Defense Command for missile launches)
(communications_telephones#wake_island#NA)
(communications_telephone_system#wake_island#satellite communications; 1 DSN circuit off the Overseas Telephone System {OTS})
(communications_telephone_system_domestic#wake_island#NA)
(communications_telephone_system_international#wake_island#NA)
(communications_radio_broadcast_stations#wake_island#AM 0, FM NA, shortwave NA)
(communications_radio_broadcast_stations_note#wake_island#Armed Forces Radio/Television Service {AFRTS} radio service provided by satellite)
(communications_radios#wake_island#NA)
(communications_television_broadcast_stations#wake_island#NA)
(communications_television_broadcast_stations_note#wake_island#Armed Forces Radio/Television Service {AFRTS} television service provided by satellite)
(communications_televisions#wake_island#NA)
(defense_defense_note#wake_island#defense is the responsibility of the US)
(header_affiliation#wallis_and_futuna#{overseas territory of France})
(geography_location#wallis_and_futuna#Oceania, islands in the South Pacific Ocean, about two-thirds of the way from Hawaii to New Zealand)
(geography_geographic_coordinates#wallis_and_futuna#13 18 S, 176 12 W)
(geography_map_references#wallis_and_futuna#Oceania)
(geography_area_total_area#wallis_and_futuna#274 sq km)
(geography_area_land_area#wallis_and_futuna#274 sq km)
(geography_area_comparative_area#wallis_and_futuna#slightly larger than Washington, DC)
(geography_area_note#wallis_and_futuna#includes Ile Uvea {Wallis Island}, Ile Futuna {Futuna Island}, Ile Alofi, and 20 islets)
(geography_land_boundaries#wallis_and_futuna#0 km)
(geography_coastline#wallis_and_futuna#129 km)
(geography_maritime_claims_exclusive_economic_zone#wallis_and_futuna#200 nm)
(geography_maritime_claims_territorial_sea#wallis_and_futuna#12 nm)
(geography_international_disputes#wallis_and_futuna#none)
(geography_climate#wallis_and_futuna#tropical; hot, rainy season {November to April}; cool, dry season {May to October}; rains 2,500-3,000 mm per year {80% humidity}; average temperature 26.6 degrees C)
(geography_terrain#wallis_and_futuna#volcanic origin; low hills)
(geography_terrain_lowest_point#wallis_and_futuna#Pacific Ocean 0 m)
(geography_terrain_highest_point#wallis_and_futuna#Mount Singavi 765 m)
(geography_natural_resources#wallis_and_futuna#NEGL)
(geography_land_use_arable_land#wallis_and_futuna#5%)
(geography_land_use_permanent_crops#wallis_and_futuna#20%)
(geography_land_use_meadows_and_pastures#wallis_and_futuna#0%)
(geography_land_use_forest_and_woodland#wallis_and_futuna#0%)
(geography_land_use_other#wallis_and_futuna#75%)
(geography_irrigated_land#wallis_and_futuna#NA sq km)
(geography_environment_current_issues#wallis_and_futuna#deforestation {only small portions of the original forests remain} largely as a result of the continued use of wood as the main fuel source; as a consequence of cutting down the forests, the mountainous terrain of Futuna is particularly prone to erosion; there are no permanent settlements on Alofi because of the lack of natural fresh water resources)
(geography_environment_natural_hazards#wallis_and_futuna#NA)
(geography_environment_international_agreements#wallis_and_futuna#NA)
(geography_geographic_note#wallis_and_futuna#both island groups have fringing reefs)
(people_population#wallis_and_futuna#14,659 {July 1996 est.})
(people_age_structure_0-14_years#wallis_and_futuna#NA)
(people_age_structure_15-64_years#wallis_and_futuna#NA)
(people_age_structure_65_years_and_over#wallis_and_futuna#NA)
(people_population_growth_rate#wallis_and_futuna#1.11% {1996 est.})
(people_birth_rate#wallis_and_futuna#24.38 births/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_death_rate#wallis_and_futuna#5.02 deaths/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_net_migration_rate#wallis_and_futuna#-8.23 migrant{s}/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_sex_ratio_at_birth#wallis_and_futuna#NA male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_under_15_years#wallis_and_futuna#NA male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_15-64_years#wallis_and_futuna#NA male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_65_years_and_over#wallis_and_futuna#NA male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_all_ages#wallis_and_futuna#NA male{s}/female)
(people_infant_mortality_rate#wallis_and_futuna#23.59 deaths/1,000 live births {1996 est.})
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_total_population#wallis_and_futuna#72.76 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_male#wallis_and_futuna#72.16 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_female#wallis_and_futuna#73.4 years {1996 est.})
(people_total_fertility_rate#wallis_and_futuna#3 children born/woman {1996 est.})
(people_nationality_noun#wallis_and_futuna#Wallisian{s}, Futunan{s}, or Wallis and Futuna Islanders)
(people_nationality_adjective#wallis_and_futuna#Wallisian, Futunan, or Wallis and Futuna Islander)
(people_ethnic_divisions#wallis_and_futuna#Polynesian)
(people_religions#wallis_and_futuna#Roman Catholic 100%)
(people_languages#wallis_and_futuna#French, Wallisian {indigenous Polynesian language})
(people_literacy#wallis_and_futuna#age 15 and over can read and write {1969 est.})
(people_literacy_total_population#wallis_and_futuna#50%)
(people_literacy_male#wallis_and_futuna#50%)
(people_literacy_female#wallis_and_futuna#50%)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_long_form#wallis_and_futuna#Territory of the Wallis and Futuna Islands)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_short_form#wallis_and_futuna#Wallis and Futuna)
(government_name_of_country_local_long_form#wallis_and_futuna#Territoire des Iles Wallis et Futuna)
(government_name_of_country_local_short_form#wallis_and_futuna#Wallis et Futuna)
(government_data_code#wallis_and_futuna#WF)
(government_type_of_government#wallis_and_futuna#overseas territory of France)
(government_capital#wallis_and_futuna#Mata-Utu {on Ile Uvea})
(government_administrative_divisions#wallis_and_futuna#none {overseas territory of France}; there are no first-order administrative divisions as defined by the US Government, but there are three kingdoms named Wallis, Sigave, Alo)
(government_independence#wallis_and_futuna#none {overseas territory of France})
(government_constitution#wallis_and_futuna#28 September 1958 {French Constitution})
(government_legal_system#wallis_and_futuna#French legal system)
(government_suffrage#wallis_and_futuna#18 years of age; universal)
(government_executive_branch_chief_of_state#wallis_and_futuna#President {of France} Jacques CHIRAC {since 17 May 1995}, represented by High Administrator Leon-Alexandre LEGRAND {since NA} was appointed by the French Ministry of the Interior)
(government_executive_branch_head_of_government#wallis_and_futuna#President of the Territorial Assembly Mikaele TAUHAVILI {since NA})
(government_executive_branch_cabinet#wallis_and_futuna#Council of the Territory consists of three kings and three members appointed by the high administrator on advice of the Territorial Assembly)
(government_executive_branch_note#wallis_and_futuna#there are three traditional kings with limited powers)
(government_legislative_branch#wallis_and_futuna#unicameral)
(government_territorial_assembly_{assemblee_territoriale}#wallis_and_futuna#elections last held 22 March 1992 {next to be held NA March 1997}; results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - {20 total} RPR 9, Taumu'a Lelei 11)
(government_french_senate#wallis_and_futuna#elections last held 24 September 1989 {next to be held by NA September 1998}; results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - {1 total} RPR 1)
(government_french_national_assembly#wallis_and_futuna#elections last held 21 and 28 March 1992 {next to be held by NA September 1996}; results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - {1 total} MRG 1; note - Wallis and Futuna elect one deputy)
(government_judicial_branch#wallis_and_futuna#none; justice generally administered under French law by the high administrator, but the three traditional kings administer customary law and there is a magistrate in Mata-Utu)
(government_political_parties_and_leaders#wallis_and_futuna#Rally for the Republic {RPR}; Union Populaire Locale {UPL}; Union Pour la Democratie Francaise {UDF}; Lua kae tahi {Giscardians}; Mouvement des Radicaux de Gauche {MRG}; Taumu'a Lelei)
(government_international_organization_participation#wallis_and_futuna#FZ, SPC)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us#wallis_and_futuna#none {overseas territory of France})
(government_us_diplomatic_representation#wallis_and_futuna#none {overseas territory of France})
(government_flag#wallis_and_futuna#a white modified Maltese cross centered on a red background; the flag of France outlined in white on two sides is in the upper hoist quadrant; the flag of France is used for official occasions)
(economy_economic_overview#wallis_and_futuna#The economy is limited to traditional subsistence agriculture, with about 80% of the labor force earning its livelihood from agriculture {coconuts and vegetables}, livestock {mostly pigs}, and fishing. About 4% of the population is employed in government. Revenues come from French Government subsidies, licensing of fishing rights to Japan and South Korea, import taxes, and remittances from expatriate workers in New Caledonia. Wallis and Futuna imports food - particularly sugar, rice, and beef - fuel, clothing, machinery, and transport equipment, but its exports are negligible, consisting of copra and handicrafts.)
(economy_gdp#wallis_and_futuna#purchasing power parity - $28.7 million {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_real_growth_rate#wallis_and_futuna#NA%)
(economy_gdp_per_capita#wallis_and_futuna#$2,500 {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_agriculture#wallis_and_futuna#NA%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_industry#wallis_and_futuna#NA%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_services#wallis_and_futuna#NA%)
(economy_inflation_rate_{consumer_prices}#wallis_and_futuna#NA%)
(economy_labor_force#wallis_and_futuna#NA)
(economy_labor_force_by_occupation#wallis_and_futuna#agriculture, livestock, and fishing 80%, government 4% {est.})
(economy_unemployment_rate#wallis_and_futuna#NA%)
(economy_budget_revenues#wallis_and_futuna#$14.04 million)
(economy_budget_expenditures#wallis_and_futuna#$14.04 million, including capital expenditures of $NA {1994 est.})
(economy_industries#wallis_and_futuna#copra, handicrafts, fishing, lumber)
(economy_industrial_production_growth_rate#wallis_and_futuna#NA%)
(economy_electricity_capacity#wallis_and_futuna#1,200 kW)
(economy_electricity_production#wallis_and_futuna#1 million kWh)
(economy_electricity_consumption_per_capita#wallis_and_futuna#70 kWh {1990})
(economy_agriculture#wallis_and_futuna#yams, taro, bananas; pigs, goats)
(economy_exports#wallis_and_futuna#$370,000 {f.o.b., 1995 est.})
(economy_exports_commodities#wallis_and_futuna#copra, handicrafts)
(economy_exports_partners#wallis_and_futuna#NA)
(economy_imports#wallis_and_futuna#$13.5 million {c.i.f., 1995 est.})
(economy_imports_commodities#wallis_and_futuna#foodstuffs, manufactured goods, transportation equipment, fuel, clothing)
(economy_imports_partners#wallis_and_futuna#France, Australia, New Zealand)
(economy_external_debt#wallis_and_futuna#$NA)
(economy_economic_aid_recipient#wallis_and_futuna#ODA, $NA)
(economy_currency#wallis_and_futuna#1 CFP franc {CFPF} = 100 centimes)
(economy_exchange_rates#wallis_and_futuna#Comptoirs Francais du Pacifique francs {CFPF} per US$1 - 91.00 {January 1996}, 90.75 {1995}, 100.94 {1994}, 102.96 {1993}, 96.24 {1992}, 102.57 {1991}; note - linked at the rate of 18.18 to the French franc)
(economy_fiscal_year#wallis_and_futuna#calendar year)
(transportation_railways#wallis_and_futuna#0 km)
(transportation_highways_total#wallis_and_futuna#120 km {Ile Uvea 100 km, Ile Futuna 20 km})
(transportation_highways_paved#wallis_and_futuna#16 km {all on Ile Uvea})
(transportation_highways_unpaved#wallis_and_futuna#104 km {Ile Uvea 84 km, Ile Futuna 20 km})
(transportation_waterways#wallis_and_futuna#none)
(transportation_ports#wallis_and_futuna#Leava, Mata-Utu)
(transportation_merchant_marine_total#wallis_and_futuna#1 oil tanker {1,000 GRT or over} totaling 26,000 GRT/40,000 DWT {1995 est.})
(transportation_airports#wallis_and_futuna#2)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_1,524_to_2,437_m#wallis_and_futuna#1)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_914_to_1,523_m#wallis_and_futuna#1 {1995 est.})
(communications_telephones#wallis_and_futuna#340 {1985 est.})
(communications_telephone_system_domestic#wallis_and_futuna#NA)
(communications_telephone_system_international#wallis_and_futuna#NA)
(communications_radio_broadcast_stations#wallis_and_futuna#AM 1, FM 0, shortwave 0)
(communications_radios#wallis_and_futuna#NA)
(communications_television_broadcast_stations#wallis_and_futuna#0)
(communications_televisions#wallis_and_futuna#NA)
(defense_defense_note#wallis_and_futuna#defense is the responsibility of France)
(header_note#west_bank#The Israel-PLO Declaration of Principles on Interim Self-Government Arrangements {"the DOP"}, signed in Washington on 13 September 1993, provides for a transitional period not exceeding five years of Palestinian interim self-government in the Gaza Strip and the West Bank. Permanent status negotiations began on 5 May 1996.)
(geography_location#west_bank#Middle East, west of Jordan)
(geography_geographic_coordinates#west_bank#32 00 N, 35 15 E)
(geography_map_references#west_bank#Middle East)
(geography_area_total_area#west_bank#5,860 sq km)
(geography_area_land_area#west_bank#5,640 sq km)
(geography_area_comparative_area#west_bank#slightly smaller than Delaware)
(geography_area_note#west_bank#includes West Bank, Latrun Salient, and the northwest quarter of the Dead Sea, but excludes Mt. Scopus; East Jerusalem and Jerusalem No Man's Land are also included only as a means of depicting the entire area occupied by Israel in 1967)
(geography_land_boundaries_total#west_bank#404 km)
(geography_land_boundaries_border_countries#west_bank#Israel 307 km, Jordan 97 km)
(geography_coastline#west_bank#0 km {landlocked})
(geography_maritime_claims#west_bank#none {landlocked})
(geography_international_disputes#west_bank#West Bank and Gaza Strip are Israeli occupied with current status subject to the Israeli-Palestinian Interim Agreement - permanent status to be determined through further negotiation)
(geography_climate#west_bank#temperate, temperature and precipitation vary with altitude, warm to hot summers, cool to mild winters)
(geography_terrain#west_bank#mostly rugged dissected upland, some vegetation in west, but barren in east)
(geography_terrain_lowest_point#west_bank#Dead Sea -408 m)
(geography_terrain_highest_point#west_bank#Tall Asur 1,022 m)
(geography_natural_resources#west_bank#NEGL)
(geography_land_use_arable_land#west_bank#27%)
(geography_land_use_permanent_crops#west_bank#0%)
(geography_land_use_meadows_and_pastures#west_bank#32%)
(geography_land_use_forest_and_woodland#west_bank#1%)
(geography_land_use_other#west_bank#40%)
(geography_irrigated_land#west_bank#NA sq km)
(geography_environment_current_issues#west_bank#NA)
(geography_environment_natural_hazards#west_bank#NA)
(geography_environment_international_agreements#west_bank#NA)
(geography_geographic_note#west_bank#landlocked; highlands are main recharge area for Israel's coastal aquifers; there are 202 Israeli settlements and civilian land use sites in the West Bank and 26 in East Jerusalem {August 1995 est.})
(people_population#west_bank#1,427,741 {July 1996 est.})
(people_population_note#west_bank#in addition, there are 127,600 Israeli settlers in the West Bank and 153,700 in East Jerusalem {August 1995 est.})
(people_age_structure_0-14_years#west_bank#45% {male 332,628; female 315,968})
(people_age_structure_15-64_years#west_bank#51% {male 368,180; female 362,880})
(people_age_structure_65_years_and_over#west_bank#4% {male 20,495; female 27,590} {July 1996 est.})
(people_population_growth_rate#west_bank#4.99% {1996 est.})
(people_birth_rate#west_bank#38.78 births/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_death_rate#west_bank#4.66 deaths/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_net_migration_rate#west_bank#15.76 migrant{s}/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_sex_ratio_at_birth#west_bank#1.05 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_under_15_years#west_bank#1.05 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_15-64_years#west_bank#1.02 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_65_years_and_over#west_bank#0.74 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_all_ages#west_bank#1.02 male{s}/female {1996 est.})
(people_infant_mortality_rate#west_bank#28.6 deaths/1,000 live births {1996 est.})
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_total_population#west_bank#71.76 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_male#west_bank#70.17 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_female#west_bank#73.44 years {1996 est.})
(people_total_fertility_rate#west_bank#5.2 children born/woman {1996 est.})
(people_nationality_noun#west_bank#NA)
(people_nationality_adjective#west_bank#NA)
(people_ethnic_divisions#west_bank#Palestinian Arab and other 83%, Jewish 17%)
(people_religions#west_bank#Muslim 75% {predominantly Sunni}, Jewish 17%, Christian and other 8%)
(people_languages#west_bank#Arabic, Hebrew {spoken by Israeli settlers}, English {widely understood})
(people_literacy#west_bank#NA)
(government_government_note#west_bank#Under the Israeli-PLO Declaration of Principles on Interim Self-Government Arrangements {"the DOP"}, Israel agreed to transfer certain powers and responsibilities to the Palestinian Authority, a Palestinian Legislative Council, elected in January 1996, as part of interim self-governing arrangements in the West Bank and Gaza Strip. A transfer of powers and responsibilities for the Gaza Strip and Jericho has taken place pursuant to the Israel-PLO 4 May 1994 Cairo Agreement on the Gaza Strip and the Jericho Area. A transfer of powers and responsibilities in certain spheres for the rest of the West Bank has taken place pursuant to the Israel-PLO 29 August 1994 Agreement on Preparatory Transfer of Powers and Responsibilities. A transfer of powers and responsibilities in additional areas of the West Bank has taken place pursuant to the Israel-PLO 28 September 1995 Interim Agreement. The DOP provides that Israel will retain responsibility during the transitional period for external security and for internal security and public order of settlements and Israelis. Permanent status is to be determined through direct negotiations within five years.)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_long_form#west_bank#none)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_short_form#west_bank#West Bank)
(government_data_code#west_bank#WE)
(economy_economic_overview#west_bank#Economic progress in the West Bank has been hampered by Israeli military administration and the effects of the Palestinian uprising {intifadah}. Industries using advanced technology or requiring sizable investment have been discouraged by a lack of local capital and restrictive Israeli policies. Capital investment consists largely of residential housing, not productive assets that would enable local Palestinian firms to compete with Israeli industry. GDP has been substantially supplemented by remittances of workers employed in Israel and Persian Gulf states. Such transfers from the Gulf dropped after Iraq invaded Kuwait in August 1990. In the wake of the Persian Gulf crisis, many Palestinians have returned to the West Bank, increasing unemployment, and export revenues have dropped because of the decline of markets in Jordan and the Gulf states. The area's economic situation has worsened since Israel imposed stringent border restrictions in 1995 and 1996.)
(economy_gdp#west_bank#purchasing power parity - $3.7 billion {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_real_growth_rate#west_bank#3%-4% {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_per_capita#west_bank#$2,500 {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_agriculture#west_bank#33%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_industry#west_bank#7%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_services#west_bank#60% {1995 est., includes Gaza Strip})
(economy_inflation_rate_{consumer_prices}#west_bank#14% {1995 est.})
(economy_labor_force#west_bank#NA)
(economy_labor_force_by_occupation#west_bank#construction 28.2%, agriculture 21.8%, industry 14.5%, commerce, restaurants, and hotels 12.6%, other services 22.9% {1991})
(economy_labor_force_note#west_bank#excluding Israeli settlers)
(economy_unemployment_rate#west_bank#25%-30% {1995 est.})
(economy_budget#west_bank#$NA)
(economy_industries#west_bank#generally small family businesses that produce cement, textiles, soap, olive-wood carvings, and mother-of-pearl souvenirs; the Israelis have established some small-scale, modern industries in the settlements and industrial centers)
(economy_industrial_production_growth_rate#west_bank#NA%)
(economy_electricity_capacity#west_bank#NA kW)
(economy_electricity_production#west_bank#NA kWh)
(economy_electricity_consumption_per_capita#west_bank#NA kWh)
(economy_electricity_note#west_bank#most electricity imported from Israel; East Jerusalem Electric Company buys and distributes electricity to Palestinians in East Jerusalem and its concession in the West Bank; the Israel Electric Company directly supplies electricity to most Jewish residents and military facilities; at the same time, some Palestinian municipalities, such as Nabulus and Janin, generate their own electricity from small power plants)
(economy_agriculture#west_bank#olives, citrus and other fruits, vegetables; beef, dairy products)
(economy_exports#west_bank#$116 million {f.o.b., 1994 est.})
(economy_exports_commodities#west_bank#olives, fruit, vegetables)
(economy_exports_partners#west_bank#Jordan, Israel)
(economy_imports#west_bank#$791 million {c.i.f., 1994 est.})
(economy_imports_commodities#west_bank#food, consumer goods, construction materials)
(economy_imports_partners#west_bank#Jordan, Israel)
(economy_external_debt#west_bank#$NA)
(economy_economic_aid_recipient#west_bank#ODA, $NA)
(economy_economic_aid_note#west_bank#$410 million {est.} disbursed from international aid pledged in 1995 {includes aid to Gaza Strip})
(economy_currency#west_bank#1 new Israeli shekel {NIS} = 100 new agorot; 1 Jordanian dinar {JD} = 1,000 fils)
(economy_exchange_rates#west_bank#new Israeli shekels {NIS} per US$1 - 3.1295 {January 1996}, 3.0113 {1995}, 3.0111 {1994}, 2.8301 {1993}, 2.4591 {1992}, 2.2791 {1991}; Jordanian dinars {JD} per US$1 - 0.7090 {January 1996}, 0.7005 {1995}, 0.6987 {1994}, 0.6928 {1993}, 0.6797 {1992}, 0.6808 {1991})
(economy_fiscal_year#west_bank#calendar year {since 1 January 1992})
(transportation_railways#west_bank#0 km)
(transportation_highways_total#west_bank#NA km)
(transportation_highways_paved#west_bank#NA km)
(transportation_highways_unpaved#west_bank#NA km)
(transportation_highways_note#west_bank#small road network; Israelis have developed many highways to service Jewish settlements)
(transportation_ports#west_bank#none)
(transportation_airports_total#west_bank#2)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_1,524_to_2,437_m#west_bank#1)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_under_914_m#west_bank#1 {1995 est.})
(communications_telephones#west_bank#NA)
(communications_telephones_note#west_bank#8% of Palestinian households have telephones {1992 est.})
(communications_telephone_system_domestic#west_bank#NA)
(communications_telephone_system_international#west_bank#NA)
(communications_telephone_system_note#west_bank#Israeli company BEZEK is responsible for communication services in the West Bank)
(communications_radio_broadcast_stations#west_bank#AM 1, FM 0, shortwave 0)
(communications_radios#west_bank#NA; note - 82% of Palestinian households have radios {1992 est.})
(communications_television_broadcast_stations#west_bank#0)
(communications_television_broadcast_stations_note#west_bank#1 broadcast station is planned for Jericho)
(communications_televisions#west_bank#NA; note - 54% of Palestinian households have televisions {1992 est.})
(defense_branches#west_bank#NA)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_age_15-49#west_bank#NA)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_fit_for_military_service#west_bank#NA)
(defense_defense_expenditures#west_bank#$NA, NA% of GDP)
(geography_location#western_sahara#Northern Africa, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean, between Mauritania and Morocco)
(geography_geographic_coordinates#western_sahara#24 30 N, 13 00 W)
(geography_map_references#western_sahara#Africa)
(geography_area_total_area#western_sahara#266,000 sq km)
(geography_area_land_area#western_sahara#266,000 sq km)
(geography_area_comparative_area#western_sahara#about the size of Colorado)
(geography_land_boundaries_total#western_sahara#2,046 km)
(geography_land_boundaries_border_countries#western_sahara#Algeria 42 km, Mauritania 1,561 km, Morocco 443 km)
(geography_coastline#western_sahara#1,110 km)
(geography_maritime_claims#western_sahara#contingent upon resolution of sovereignty issue)
(geography_international_disputes#western_sahara#claimed and administered by Morocco, but sovereignty is unresolved and the UN is attempting to hold a referendum on the issue; the UN-administered cease-fire has been in effect since September 1991)
(geography_climate#western_sahara#hot, dry desert; rain is rare; cold offshore air currents produce fog and heavy dew)
(geography_terrain#western_sahara#mostly low, flat desert with large areas of rocky or sandy surfaces rising to small mountains in south and northeast)
(geography_terrain_lowest_point#western_sahara#Sebjet Tah -55 m)
(geography_terrain_highest_point#western_sahara#unnamed location 463 m)
(geography_natural_resources#western_sahara#phosphates, iron ore)
(geography_land_use_arable_land#western_sahara#0%)
(geography_land_use_permanent_crops#western_sahara#0%)
(geography_land_use_meadows_and_pastures#western_sahara#19%)
(geography_land_use_forest_and_woodland#western_sahara#0%)
(geography_land_use_other#western_sahara#81%)
(geography_irrigated_land#western_sahara#NA sq km)
(geography_environment_current_issues#western_sahara#sparse water and arable land)
(geography_environment_natural_hazards#western_sahara#hot, dry, dust/sand-laden sirocco wind can occur during winter and spring; widespread harmattan haze exists 60% of time, often severely restricting visibility)
(geography_environment_international_agreements#western_sahara#NA)
(people_population#western_sahara#222,631 {July 1996 est.})
(people_age_structure_0-14_years#western_sahara#NA)
(people_age_structure_15-64_years#western_sahara#NA)
(people_age_structure_65_years_and_over#western_sahara#NA)
(people_population_growth_rate#western_sahara#2.46% {1996 est.})
(people_birth_rate#western_sahara#46.51 births/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_death_rate#western_sahara#18.02 deaths/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_net_migration_rate#western_sahara#-3.94 migrant{s}/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_sex_ratio_at_birth#western_sahara#NA male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_under_15_years#western_sahara#NA male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_15-64_years#western_sahara#NA male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_65_years_and_over#western_sahara#NA male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_all_ages#western_sahara#NA male{s}/female)
(people_infant_mortality_rate#western_sahara#145.82 deaths/1,000 live births {1996 est.})
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_total_population#western_sahara#47.01 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_male#western_sahara#46 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_female#western_sahara#48.34 years {1996 est.})
(people_total_fertility_rate#western_sahara#6.85 children born/woman {1996 est.})
(people_nationality_noun#western_sahara#Sahrawi{s}, Sahraoui{s})
(people_nationality_adjective#western_sahara#Sahrawian, Sahraouian)
(people_ethnic_divisions#western_sahara#Arab, Berber)
(people_religions#western_sahara#Muslim)
(people_languages#western_sahara#Hassaniya Arabic, Moroccan Arabic)
(people_literacy#western_sahara#NA)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_long_form#western_sahara#none)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_short_form#western_sahara#Western Sahara)
(government_data_code#western_sahara#WI)
(government_type_of_government#western_sahara#legal status of territory and question of sovereignty unresolved; territory contested by Morocco and Polisario Front {Popular Front for the Liberation of the Saguia el Hamra and Rio de Oro}, which in February 1976 formally proclaimed a government-in-exile of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic {SADR}; territory partitioned between Morocco and Mauritania in April 1976, with Morocco acquiring northern two-thirds; Mauritania, under pressure from Polisario guerrillas, abandoned all claims to its portion in August 1979; Morocco moved to occupy that sector shortly thereafter and has since asserted administrative control; the Polisario's government-in-exile was seated as an OAU member in 1984; guerrilla activities continued sporadically, until a UN-monitored cease-fire was implemented 6 September 1991)
(government_capital#western_sahara#none)
(government_administrative_divisions#western_sahara#none {under defacto control of Morocco})
(government_executive_branch#western_sahara#none)
(government_international_organization_participation#western_sahara#none)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us#western_sahara#none)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation#western_sahara#none)
(economy_economic_overview#western_sahara#Western Sahara, a territory poor in natural resources and having little rainfall, depends on pastoral nomadism, fishing, and phosphate mining as the principal sources of income for the population. Most of the food for the urban population must be imported. All trade and other economic activities are controlled by the Moroccan Government. Incomes and standards of living are substantially below the Moroccan level.)
(economy_gdp#western_sahara#purchasing power parity - $NA)
(economy_gdp_real_growth_rate#western_sahara#NA%)
(economy_gdp_per_capita#western_sahara#$NA)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_agriculture#western_sahara#NA%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_industry#western_sahara#NA%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_services#western_sahara#NA%)
(economy_inflation_rate_{consumer_prices}#western_sahara#NA%)
(economy_labor_force#western_sahara#12,000)
(economy_labor_force_by_occupation#western_sahara#animal husbandry and subsistence farming 50%)
(economy_unemployment_rate#western_sahara#NA%)
(economy_budget_revenues#western_sahara#$NA)
(economy_budget_expenditures#western_sahara#$NA, including capital expenditures of $NA)
(economy_industries#western_sahara#phosphate mining, handicrafts)
(economy_industrial_production_growth_rate#western_sahara#NA%)
(economy_electricity_capacity#western_sahara#60,000 kW)
(economy_electricity_production#western_sahara#79 million kWh)
(economy_electricity_consumption_per_capita#western_sahara#339 kWh {1993})
(economy_agriculture#western_sahara#fruits and vegetables {grown in the few oases}; camels, sheep, goats {kept by the nomads})
(economy_exports#western_sahara#$NA)
(economy_exports_commodities#western_sahara#phosphates 62%)
(economy_exports_partners#western_sahara#Morocco claims and administers Western Sahara, so trade partners are included in overall Moroccan accounts)
(economy_imports#western_sahara#$NA)
(economy_imports_commodities#western_sahara#fuel for fishing fleet, foodstuffs)
(economy_imports_partners#western_sahara#Morocco claims and administers Western Sahara, so trade partners are included in overall Moroccan accounts)
(economy_external_debt#western_sahara#$NA)
(economy_economic_aid_recipient#western_sahara#ODA, $NA)
(economy_currency#western_sahara#1 Moroccan dirham {DH} = 100 centimes)
(economy_exchange_rates#western_sahara#Moroccan dirhams {DH} per US$1 - 8.607 {January 1996}, 8.540 {1995}, 9.203 {1994}, 9.299 {1993}, 8.538 {1992}, 8.707 {1991})
(economy_fiscal_year#western_sahara#calendar year)
(transportation_railways#western_sahara#0 km)
(transportation_highways_total#western_sahara#6,200 km)
(transportation_highways_paved#western_sahara#0 km)
(transportation_highways_unpaved#western_sahara#6,200 km)
(transportation_ports#western_sahara#Ad Dakhla, Cabo Bojador, El Aaiun)
(transportation_airports_total#western_sahara#12)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_2,438_to_3,047_m#western_sahara#3)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_under_914_m#western_sahara#3)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_1,524_to_2,437_m#western_sahara#1)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_914_to_1,523_m#western_sahara#5 {1995 est.})
(transportation_heliports#western_sahara#1 {1995 est.})
(communications_telephones#western_sahara#2,000)
(communications_telephone_system#western_sahara#sparse and limited system)
(communications_telephone_system_domestic#western_sahara#NA)
(communications_telephone_system_international#western_sahara#tied into Morocco's system by microwave radio relay, tropospheric scatter, and satellite; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat {Atlantic Ocean} linked to Rabat, Morocco)
(communications_radio_broadcast_stations#western_sahara#AM 2, FM 0, shortwave 0)
(communications_radios#western_sahara#NA)
(communications_television_broadcast_stations#western_sahara#2)
(communications_televisions#western_sahara#NA)
(defense_branches#western_sahara#NA)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_age_15-49#western_sahara#NA)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_fit_for_military_service#western_sahara#NA)
(defense_defense_expenditures#western_sahara#$NA, NA% of GDP)
(geography_location#western_samoa#Oceania, group of islands in the South Pacific Ocean, about one-half of the way from Hawaii to New Zealand)
(geography_geographic_coordinates#western_samoa#13 35 S, 172 20 W)
(geography_map_references#western_samoa#Oceania)
(geography_area_total_area#western_samoa#2,860 sq km)
(geography_area_land_area#western_samoa#2,850 sq km)
(geography_area_comparative_area#western_samoa#slightly smaller than Rhode Island)
(geography_land_boundaries#western_samoa#0 km)
(geography_coastline#western_samoa#403 km)
(geography_maritime_claims_exclusive_economic_zone#western_samoa#200 nm)
(geography_maritime_claims_territorial_sea#western_samoa#12 nm)
(geography_international_disputes#western_samoa#none)
(geography_climate#western_samoa#tropical; rainy season {October to March}, dry season {May to October})
(geography_terrain#western_samoa#narrow coastal plain with volcanic, rocky, rugged mountains in interior)
(geography_terrain_lowest_point#western_samoa#Pacific Ocean 0 m)
(geography_terrain_highest_point#western_samoa#Mauga Silisili 1,857 m)
(geography_natural_resources#western_samoa#hardwood forests, fish)
(geography_land_use_arable_land#western_samoa#19%)
(geography_land_use_permanent_crops#western_samoa#24%)
(geography_land_use_meadows_and_pastures#western_samoa#0%)
(geography_land_use_forest_and_woodland#western_samoa#47%)
(geography_land_use_other#western_samoa#10%)
(geography_irrigated_land#western_samoa#NA sq km)
(geography_environment_current_issues#western_samoa#soil erosion)
(geography_environment_natural_hazards#western_samoa#occasional typhoons; active volcanism)
(geography_environment_international_agreements#western_samoa#party to - Biodiversity, Climate Change, Law of the Sea, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection)
(people_population#western_samoa#214,384 {July 1996 est.})
(people_age_structure_0-14_years#western_samoa#40% {male 43,540; female 42,185})
(people_age_structure_15-64_years#western_samoa#56% {male 62,742; female 57,323})
(people_age_structure_65_years_and_over#western_samoa#4% {male 4,089; female 4,505} {July 1996 est.})
(people_population_growth_rate#western_samoa#2.37% {1996 est.})
(people_birth_rate#western_samoa#31.12 births/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_death_rate#western_samoa#5.75 deaths/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_net_migration_rate#western_samoa#-1.67 migrant{s}/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_sex_ratio_at_birth#western_samoa#1.05 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_under_15_years#western_samoa#1.03 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_15-64_years#western_samoa#1.1 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_65_years_and_over#western_samoa#0.91 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_all_ages#western_samoa#1.06 male{s}/female {1996 est.})
(people_infant_mortality_rate#western_samoa#34.3 deaths/1,000 live births {1996 est.})
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_total_population#western_samoa#68.73 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_male#western_samoa#66.35 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_female#western_samoa#71.24 years {1996 est.})
(people_total_fertility_rate#western_samoa#3.93 children born/woman {1996 est.})
(people_nationality_noun#western_samoa#Western Samoan{s})
(people_nationality_adjective#western_samoa#Western Samoan)
(people_ethnic_divisions#western_samoa#Samoan 92.6%, Euronesians 7% {persons of European and Polynesian blood}, Europeans 0.4%)
(people_religions#western_samoa#Christian 99.7% {about one-half of population associated with the London Missionary Society; includes Congregational, Roman Catholic, Methodist, Latter-Day Saints, Seventh-Day Adventist})
(people_languages#western_samoa#Samoan {Polynesian}, English)
(people_literacy#western_samoa#age 15 and over can read and write {1971 est.})
(people_literacy_total_population#western_samoa#97%)
(people_literacy_male#western_samoa#97%)
(people_literacy_female#western_samoa#97%)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_long_form#western_samoa#Independent State of Western Samoa)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_short_form#western_samoa#Western Samoa)
(government_data_code#western_samoa#WS)
(government_type_of_government#western_samoa#constitutional monarchy under native chief)
(government_capital#western_samoa#Apia)
(government_administrative_divisions#western_samoa#11 districts; A'ana, Aiga-i-le-Tai, Atua, Fa'asaleleaga, Gaga'emauga, Gagaifomauga, Palauli, Satupa'itea, Tuamasaga, Va'a-o-Fonoti, Vaisigano)
(government_independence#western_samoa#1 January 1962 {from New Zealand-administered UN trusteeship})
(government_national_holiday#western_samoa#National Day, 1 June {1962})
(government_constitution#western_samoa#1 January 1962)
(government_legal_system#western_samoa#based on English common law and local customs; judicial review of legislative acts with respect to fundamental rights of the citizen; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction)
(government_suffrage#western_samoa#21 years of age; universal)
(government_executive_branch_chief_of_state#western_samoa#Chief Susuga MALIETOA Tanumafili II {co-chief of state from 1 January 1962 until becoming sole chief of state 5 April 1963}; upon his death, a new chief of state will be elected by the Legislative Assembly to serve a five-year term)
(government_executive_branch_head_of_government#western_samoa#Prime Minister TOFILAU Eti Alesana {since 7 April 1988} was appointed by the chief of state with approval of the Legislative Assembly)
(government_executive_branch_cabinet#western_samoa#Cabinet was appointed by the chief of state with the prime minister's advice)
(government_legislative_branch#western_samoa#unicameral)
(government_legislative_assembly_{fono}#western_samoa#elections last held 5 April 1991 {next to be held 26 April 1996}; results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - {47 total} HRPP 28, SNDP 18, independents 1)
(government_legislative_assembly_{fono}_note#western_samoa#only matai {head of family} are able to run for the Legislative Assembly)
(government_judicial_branch#western_samoa#Supreme Court; Court of Appeal)
(government_political_parties_and_leaders#western_samoa#Human Rights Protection Party {HRPP}, TOFILAU Eti Alesana, chairman; Samoan National Development Party {SNDP}, TAPUA Tamasese Efi, chairman; Samoan Progressive Conservative Party, LEOTA Ituau Ale; Samoa All People's Party {SAPP}, Matatumua MAIMOAGA)
(government_international_organization_participation#western_samoa#ACP, AsDB, C, ESCAP, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IMF, Intelsat {nonsignatory user}, IOC, ITU, Sparteca, SPC, SPF, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WMO)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_chief_of_mission#western_samoa#Ambassador Tuiloma Neroni SLADE)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_chancery#western_samoa#820 Second Avenue, Suite 800, New York, NY 10017)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_telephone#western_samoa#[1] {212} 599-6196, 6197)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_fax#western_samoa#[1] {212} 599-0797)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_chief_of_mission#western_samoa#Ambassador Josiah Horton BEEMAN {Ambassador to New Zealand and Western Samoa, resides in Wellington, New Zealand})
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_embassy#western_samoa#5th floor, Beach Road, Apia)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_mailing_address#western_samoa#P.O. Box 3430, Apia)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_telephone#western_samoa#[685] 21631)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_fax#western_samoa#[685] 22030)
(government_flag#western_samoa#red with a blue rectangle in the upper hoist-side quadrant bearing five white five-pointed stars representing the Southern Cross constellation)
(economy_economic_overview#western_samoa#Agriculture employs more than one-half of the labor force, contributes 50% to GDP, and furnishes 90% of exports. The bulk of export earnings comes from the sale of coconut oil and copra. The economy depends on emigrant remittances and foreign aid to supplement GDP and to support a level of imports much greater than export earnings. Tourism has become the most important growth industry. The economy continued to falter in 1994, as remittances and tourist earnings remained low. Production of taro, the primary food export crop, dropped 97% in 1993/94 when a fungal disease threatened the country's basic food crops. Nevertheless, the government is relying on recovery and further expansion in agricultural production to sustain economic growth of around 5% over the next several years.)
(economy_gdp#western_samoa#purchasing power parity - $415 million {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_real_growth_rate#western_samoa#5% {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_per_capita#western_samoa#$1,900 {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_agriculture#western_samoa#50%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_industry#western_samoa#NA%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_services#western_samoa#NA%)
(economy_inflation_rate_{consumer_prices}#western_samoa#18% {1994})
(economy_labor_force#western_samoa#45,635 {1986 est.})
(economy_labor_force_by_occupation#western_samoa#agriculture 65%, services 30%, industry 5% {1995 est.})
(economy_unemployment_rate#western_samoa#NA%)
(economy_budget_revenues#western_samoa#$78.6 million)
(economy_budget_expenditures#western_samoa#$81.9 million, including capital expenditures of $NA {1995 est.})
(economy_industries#western_samoa#timber, tourism, food processing, fishing)
(economy_industrial_production_growth_rate#western_samoa#NA%)
(economy_electricity_capacity#western_samoa#29,000 kW)
(economy_electricity_production#western_samoa#50 million kWh)
(economy_electricity_consumption_per_capita#western_samoa#200 kWh {1993})
(economy_agriculture#western_samoa#coconuts, bananas, taro, yams)
(economy_exports#western_samoa#$6.4 million {f.o.b., 1993})
(economy_exports_commodities#western_samoa#coconut oil and cream, taro, copra, cocoa)
(economy_exports_partners#western_samoa#New Zealand 34%, American Samoa 21%, Germany 18%, Australia 11%)
(economy_imports#western_samoa#$11.5 million {c.i.f., 1992 est.})
(economy_imports_commodities#western_samoa#intermediate goods 58%, food 17%, capital goods 12%)
(economy_imports_partners#western_samoa#New Zealand 37%, Australia 25%, Japan 11%, Fiji 9%)
(economy_external_debt#western_samoa#$141 million {June 1993})
(economy_economic_aid_recipient#western_samoa#ODA, $NA)
(economy_currency#western_samoa#1 tala {WS$} = 100 sene)
(economy_exchange_rates#western_samoa#tala {WS$} per US$1 - 2.5195 {January 1996}, 2.4722 {1995}, 2.5349 {1994}, 2.5681 {1993}, 2.4655 {1992}, 2.3975 {1991})
(economy_fiscal_year#western_samoa#calendar year)
(transportation_railways#western_samoa#0 km)
(transportation_highways_total#western_samoa#2,030 km)
(transportation_highways_paved#western_samoa#373 km)
(transportation_highways_unpaved#western_samoa#1,657 km {1988 est.})
(transportation_ports#western_samoa#Apia, Asau, Mulifanua, Salelologa)
(transportation_merchant_marine_total#western_samoa#1 roll-on/roll-off cargo ship {1,000 GRT or over} totaling 3,838 GRT/5,536 DWT {1995 est.})
(transportation_airports#western_samoa#3)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_2,438_to_3,047_m#western_samoa#1)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_under_914_m#western_samoa#2 {1995 est.})
(communications_telephones#western_samoa#7,500 {1988 est.})
(communications_telephone_system_domestic#western_samoa#NA)
(communications_telephone_system_international#western_samoa#satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat {Pacific Ocean})
(communications_radio_broadcast_stations#western_samoa#AM 1, FM 0, shortwave 0)
(communications_radios#western_samoa#76,000 {1992 est.})
(communications_television_broadcast_stations#western_samoa#0 {1987 est.})
(communications_televisions#western_samoa#6,000 {1992 est.})
(defense_branches#western_samoa#no regular armed services; Western Samoa Police Force)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_age_15-49#western_samoa#NA)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_fit_for_military_service#western_samoa#NA)
(defense_defense_expenditures#western_samoa#$NA, NA% of GDP)
(geography_map_references#world#World, Time Zones)
(geography_area_total_area#world#510.072 million sq km)
(geography_area_land_area#world#148.94 million sq km)
(geography_area_water_area#world#361.132 million sq km)
(geography_area_comparative_area#world#land area about 15 times the size of the US)
(geography_area_note#world#70.8% of the world is water, 29.2% is land)
(geography_land_boundaries#world#the land boundaries in the world total 250,883.64 km {not counting shared boundaries twice})
(geography_coastline#world#356,000 km)
(geography_maritime_claims_contiguous_zone#world#24 nm claimed by most but can vary)
(geography_maritime_claims_continental_shelf#world#200-m depth claimed by most or to depth of exploitation, others claim 200 nm or to the edge of the continental margin)
(geography_maritime_claims_exclusive_fishing_zone#world#200 nm claimed by most but can vary)
(geography_maritime_claims_exclusive_economic_zone#world#200 nm claimed by most but can vary)
(geography_maritime_claims_territorial_sea#world#12 nm claimed by most but can vary)
(geography_maritime_claims_note#world#boundary situations with neighboring states prevent many countries from extending their fishing or economic zones to a full 200 nm; 43 nations and other areas that are landlocked include Afghanistan, Andorra, Armenia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Bhutan, Bolivia, Botswana, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Central African Republic, Chad, Czech Republic, Ethiopia, Holy See {Vatican City}, Hungary, Kazakstan, Kyrgyzstan, Laos, Lesotho, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, Malawi, Mali, Moldova, Mongolia, Nepal, Niger, Paraguay, Rwanda, San Marino, Slovakia, Swaziland, Switzerland, Tajikistan, The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Turkmenistan, Uganda, Uzbekistan, West Bank, Zambia, Zimbabwe)
(geography_climate#world#two large areas of polar climates separated by two rather narrow temperate zones from a wide equatorial band of tropical to subtropical climates)
(geography_terrain#world#the greatest ocean depth is the Marianas Trench at 10,924 m in the Pacific Ocean)
(geography_terrain_lowest_point#world#Dead Sea -408 m)
(geography_terrain_highest_point#world#Mount Everest 8,848 m)
(geography_natural_resources#world#the rapid using up of nonrenewable mineral resources, the depletion of forest areas and wetlands, the extinction of animal and plant species, and the deterioration in air and water quality {especially in Eastern Europe and the former USSR} pose serious long-term problems that governments and peoples are only beginning to address)
(geography_land_use_arable_land#world#10%)
(geography_land_use_permanent_crops#world#1%)
(geography_land_use_meadows_and_pastures#world#24%)
(geography_land_use_forest_and_woodland#world#31%)
(geography_land_use_other#world#34%)
(geography_irrigated_land#world#NA sq km)
(geography_environment_current_issues#world#large areas subject to overpopulation, industrial disasters, pollution {air, water, acid rain, toxic substances}, loss of vegetation {overgrazing, deforestation, desertification}, loss of wildlife, soil degradation, soil depletion, erosion)
(geography_environment_natural_hazards#world#large areas subject to severe weather {tropical cyclones}, natural disasters {earthquakes, landslides, tsunamis, volcanic eruptions})
(geography_environment_international_agreements#world#selected international environmental agreements are included under the Environment entry for each country and in the Selected International Environmental Agreements appendix)
(people_population#world#5,771,939,007 {July 1996 est.})
(people_age_structure_0-14_years#world#31% {male 919,402,570; female 874,330,478})
(people_age_structure_15-64_years#world#62% {male 1,824,524,365; female 1,776,639,084})
(people_age_structure_65_years_and_over#world#7% {male 162,216,128; female 213,712,993})
(people_population_growth_rate#world#1.4% {1996 est.})
(people_birth_rate#world#23 births/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_death_rate#world#9 deaths/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_sex_ratio_at_birth#world#1.06 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_under_15_years#world#1.05 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_15-64_years#world#1.03 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_65_years_and_over#world#0.76 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_all_ages#world#1.01 male{s}/female {1996 est.})
(people_infant_mortality_rate#world#60 deaths/1,000 live births {1996 est.})
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_total_population#world#62 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_male#world#61 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_female#world#64 years)
(people_total_fertility_rate#world#2.9 children born/woman {1996 est.})
(government_data_code#world#none; there is no FIPS 10-4 country code for the World, so the Factbook uses the "W" data code from DIAM 65-18 "Geopolitical Data Elements and Related Features," Data Standard No. 3, March 1984, published by the Defense Intelligence Agency; see the Cross-Reference List of Country Data Codes appendix)
(government_administrative_divisions#world#266 nations, dependent areas, other, and miscellaneous entries)
(government_legal_system#world#varies by individual country; 186 {not including Yugoslavia} are parties to the UN International Court of Justice {ICJ or World Court})
(economy_economic_overview#world#Real global output - gross world product {GWP} - again rose 3% in 1995, with the newly industrializing Third World countries setting the pace. And once more, results varied widely among regions and countries. Average growth of 2.5% in the GDP of industrialized countries {56% of GWP in 1995} and average growth of 5% in the GDP of less developed countries {38% of GWP} were partly offset by a small 1.5% drop in the GDP of the former USSR/Eastern Europe area {only 6% of GWP}. With the notable exception of Japan at 3.1%, unemployment was typically 6%-12% in the industrial world. The US accounted for 22% of GWP in 1995; Western Europe accounted for 21%; and Japan accounted for 8%. These are the three "economic superpowers" presumably destined to compete for mastery in international markets on into the 21st century. As for the less developed countries: China, India, and the Four Dragons - South Korea, Taiwan, Hong Kong, and Singapore - once again posted records of 5% growth or better; however, many other countries, especially in Africa, continued to suffer from drought, rapid population growth, inflation, and civil strife. Central Europe continued its progress in moving toward "market-friendly" economies. The 15 ex-Soviet countries typically experienced further declines in output, although considerably less than in 1992-94. Externally, the nation-state, as a bedrock economic-political institution, is steadily losing control over international flows of people, goods, funds, and technology. Internally, the central government in a number of cases is losing control over resources as separatist regional movements - typically based on ethnicity - gain momentum, e.g., in the successor states of the former Soviet Union, in the former Yugoslavia, in India, and in Canada. In Western Europe, governments face the difficult political problem of channeling resources away from welfare programs in order to increase investment and strengthen incentives to seek employment. The addition of nearly 100 million people each year to an already overcrowded globe is exacerbating the problems of pollution, desertification, underemployment, epidemics, and famine. Because of their own internal problems, the industrialized countries have inadequate resources to deal effectively with the poorer areas of the world, which, at least from the economic point of view, are becoming further marginalized. {For specific economic developments in each country, see the individual country entries in this volume.})
(economy_gdp#world#GWP {gross world product} - purchasing power parity - $33.7 trillion {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_real_growth_rate#world#3% {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_per_capita#world#$5,900 {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_agriculture#world#NA%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_industry#world#NA%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_services#world#NA%)
(economy_inflation_rate_{consumer_prices}_all_countries#world#25%)
(economy_inflation_rate_{consumer_prices}_developed_countries#world#2% to 6% typically)
(economy_inflation_rate_{consumer_prices}_developing_countries#world#10% to 60% typically {1995 est.})
(economy_inflation_rate_{consumer_prices}_note#world#national inflation rates vary widely in individual cases, from stable prices in Japan to hyperinflation in a number of Third World countries)
(economy_labor_force#world#2.24 billion {1992})
(economy_labor_force_by_occupation#world#NA)
(economy_unemployment_rate#world#30% combined unemployment and underemployment in many non-industrialized countries; developed countries typically 6%-12% unemployment {1995 est.})
(economy_industries#world#dominated by the onrush of technology, especially in computers, robotics, telecommunications, and medicines and medical equipment; most of these advances take place in OECD nations; only a small portion of non-OECD countries have succeeded in rapidly adjusting to these technological forces; the rapid development of new industrial {and agricultural} technology is complicating already grim environmental problems)
(economy_industrial_production_growth_rate#world#5% {1995 est.})
(economy_electricity_capacity#world#2,773,000,000 kW)
(economy_electricity_production#world#11.601 trillion kWh)
(economy_electricity_consumption_per_capita#world#1,937 kWh {1993})
(economy_agriculture#world#the whole gamut of crops, livestock, forest products, and fish)
(economy_exports#world#$4.3 trillion {f.o.b., 1995 est.})
(economy_exports_commodities#world#the whole range of industrial and agricultural goods and services)
(economy_exports_partners#world#in value, about 75% of exports from the developed countries)
(economy_imports#world#$4.4 trillion {c.i.f., 1995 est.})
(economy_imports_commodities#world#the whole range of industrial and agricultural goods and services)
(economy_imports_partners#world#in value, about 75% of imports by the developed countries)
(economy_external_debt#world#$2 trillion for less developed countries {1995 est.})
(economy_economic_aid#world#worldwide traditional foreign aid $50 billion {1995 est.})
(transportation_railways_total#world#1,201,337 km includes about 190,000 to 195,000 km of electrified routes of which 147,760 km are in Europe, 24,509 km in the Far East, 11,050 km in Africa, 4,223 km in South America, and 4,160 km in North America; note - fastest speed in daily service is 300 km/hr attained by France's Societe Nationale des Chemins-de-Fer Francais {SNCF} Le Train a Grande Vitesse {TGV} - Atlantique line)
(transportation_railways_broad_gauge#world#251,153 km)
(transportation_railways_standard_gauge#world#710,754 km)
(transportation_railways_narrow_gauge#world#239,430 km)
(transportation_highways_total#world#NA km)
(transportation_highways_paved#world#NA km)
(transportation_highways_unpaved#world#NA km)
(transportation_ports#world#Chiba, Houston, Kawasaki, Kobe, Marseille, Mina' al Ahmadi {Kuwait}, New Orleans, New York, Rotterdam, Yokohama)
(transportation_merchant_marine_total#world#25,521 ships {1,000 GRT or over} totaling 442,276,527 GRT/701,647,274 DWT)
(transportation_merchant_marine_ships_by_type#world#barge carrier 22, bulk 5,308, cargo 8,089, chemical tanker 920, combination bulk 307, combination ore/oil 279, container 1,938, liquefied gas tanker 709, livestock carrier 52, multifunction large-load carrier 62, oil tanker 4,320, passenger 298, passenger-cargo 117, railcar carrier 21, refrigerated cargo 1,022, roll-on/roll-off cargo 1,034, short-sea passenger 484, specialized tanker 81, vehicle carrier 458 {1995 est.})
(communications_telephones#world#NA)
(communications_telephone_system_domestic#world#NA)
(communications_telephone_system_international#world#NA)
(communications_radio_broadcast_stations#world#AM NA, FM NA, shortwave NA)
(communications_radios#world#NA)
(communications_television_broadcast_stations#world#NA)
(communications_televisions#world#NA)
(defense_branches#world#ground, maritime, and air forces at all levels of technology)
(defense_defense_expenditures#world#probably a small decline in 1995 in aggregate real expenditure on arms worldwide and somewhat less than three-quarters of a trillion dollars in money terms, or roughly 2% of gross world product {1995 est.})
(geography_location#yemen#Middle East, bordering the Arabian Sea, Gulf of Aden, and Red Sea, between Oman and Saudi Arabia)
(geography_geographic_coordinates#yemen#15 00 N, 48 00 E)
(geography_map_references#yemen#Middle East)
(geography_area_total_area#yemen#527,970 sq km)
(geography_area_land_area#yemen#527,970 sq km)
(geography_area_comparative_area#yemen#slightly larger than twice the size of Wyoming)
(geography_area_note#yemen#includes Perim, Socotra, the former Yemen Arab Republic {YAR or North Yemen}, and the former People's Democratic Republic of Yemen {PDRY or South Yemen})
(geography_land_boundaries_total#yemen#1,746 km)
(geography_land_boundaries_border_countries#yemen#Oman 288 km, Saudi Arabia 1,458 km)
(geography_coastline#yemen#1,906 km)
(geography_maritime_claims_contiguous_zone#yemen#18 nm in the North; 24 nm in the South)
(geography_maritime_claims_continental_shelf#yemen#200 nm or to the edge of the continental margin)
(geography_maritime_claims_exclusive_economic_zone#yemen#200 nm)
(geography_maritime_claims_territorial_sea#yemen#12 nm)
(geography_international_disputes#yemen#large section of boundary with Saudi Arabia not defined; a dispute with Eritrea over sovereignty of the Hanish Islands in the southern Red Sea has been submitted to arbitration under the auspices of the International Court of Justice)
(geography_climate#yemen#mostly desert; hot and humid along west coast; temperate in western mountains affected by seasonal monsoon; extraordinarily hot, dry, harsh desert in east)
(geography_terrain#yemen#narrow coastal plain backed by flat-topped hills and rugged mountains; dissected upland desert plains in center slope into the desert interior of the Arabian Peninsula)
(geography_terrain_lowest_point#yemen#Arabian Sea 0 m)
(geography_terrain_highest_point#yemen#Jabal an Nabi Shu'ayb 3,760 m)
(geography_natural_resources#yemen#petroleum, fish, rock salt, marble, small deposits of coal, gold, lead, nickel, and copper, fertile soil in west)
(geography_land_use_arable_land#yemen#6%)
(geography_land_use_permanent_crops#yemen#0%)
(geography_land_use_meadows_and_pastures#yemen#30%)
(geography_land_use_forest_and_woodland#yemen#7%)
(geography_land_use_other#yemen#57%)
(geography_irrigated_land#yemen#3,100 sq km {1989 est.})
(geography_environment_current_issues#yemen#very limited natural fresh water resources; inadequate supplies of potable water; overgrazing; soil erosion; desertification)
(geography_environment_natural_hazards#yemen#sandstorms and dust storms in summer)
(geography_environment_international_agreements#yemen#party to - Environmental Modification, Law of the Sea, Nuclear Test Ban; signed, but not ratified - Biodiversity, Climate Change)
(geography_geographic_note#yemen#controls Bab el Mandeb, the strait linking the Red Sea and the Gulf of Aden, one of world's most active shipping lanes)
(people_population#yemen#13,483,178 {July 1996 est.})
(people_age_structure_0-14_years#yemen#48% {male 3,302,489; female 3,122,246})
(people_age_structure_15-64_years#yemen#50% {male 3,327,682; female 3,364,787})
(people_age_structure_65_years_and_over#yemen#2% {male 158,018; female 207,956} {July 1996 est.})
(people_population_growth_rate#yemen#3.56% {1996 est.})
(people_birth_rate#yemen#45.22 births/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_death_rate#yemen#9.59 deaths/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_net_migration_rate#yemen#0 migrant{s}/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_sex_ratio_at_birth#yemen#1.05 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_under_15_years#yemen#1.06 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_15-64_years#yemen#0.99 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_65_years_and_over#yemen#0.76 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_all_ages#yemen#1.01 male{s}/female {1996 est.})
(people_infant_mortality_rate#yemen#71.5 deaths/1,000 live births {1996 est.})
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_total_population#yemen#59.58 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_male#yemen#58.23 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_female#yemen#60.99 years {1996 est.})
(people_total_fertility_rate#yemen#7.29 children born/woman {1996 est.})
(people_nationality_noun#yemen#Yemeni{s})
(people_nationality_adjective#yemen#Yemeni)
(people_ethnic_divisions#yemen#predominantly Arab; Afro-Arab concentrations in western coastal locations; South Asians in southern regions; small European communities in major metropolitan areas)
(people_religions#yemen#Muslim including Sha'fi {Sunni} and Zaydi {Shi'a}, small numbers of Jewish, Christian, and Hindu)
(people_languages#yemen#Arabic)
(people_literacy#yemen#age 15 and over can read and write {1990 est.})
(people_literacy_total_population#yemen#38%)
(people_literacy_male#yemen#53%)
(people_literacy_female#yemen#26%)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_long_form#yemen#Republic of Yemen)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_short_form#yemen#Yemen)
(government_name_of_country_local_long_form#yemen#Al Jumhuriyah al Yamaniyah)
(government_name_of_country_local_short_form#yemen#Al Yaman)
(government_data_code#yemen#YM)
(government_type_of_government#yemen#republic)
(government_capital#yemen#Sanaa)
(government_administrative_divisions#yemen#17 governorates {muhafazat, singular - muhafazah}; Abyan, Aden, Al Bayda, Al Hudaydah, Al Jawf, Al Mahrah, Al Mahwit, Ataq, Dhamar, Hadhramaut, Hajjah, Ibb, Lahij, Ma'rib, Sa'dah, San'a', Ta'izz)
(government_administrative_divisions_note#yemen#there may be a new governorate for the capital city of Sanaa)
(government_independence#yemen#22 May 1990 Republic of Yemen was established on 22 May 1990 with the merger of the Yemen Arab Republic {Yemen {Sanaa} or North Yemen} and the Marxist-dominated People's Democratic Republic of Yemen {Yemen {Aden} or South Yemen}; previously North Yemen had become independent on NA November 1918 {from the Ottoman Empire} and South Yemen had become independent on 30 November 1967 {from the UK})
(government_national_holiday#yemen#Proclamation of the Republic, 22 May {1990})
(government_constitution#yemen#16 May 1991; amended 29 September 1994)
(government_legal_system#yemen#based on Islamic law, Turkish law, English common law, and local tribal customary law; does not accept compulsory ICJ jurisdiction)
(government_suffrage#yemen#18 years of age; universal)
(government_executive_branch_chief_of_state#yemen#President Lt. Gen. Ali Abdallah SALIH {since 22 May 1990, the former president of North Yemen, assumed office upon the merger of North and South Yemen} was elected for a five-year term by the House of Representatives; election last held 1 October 1994 {next to be held NA 1999}; Vice President Maj. Gen. Abd al-Rab Mansur al-HADI {since NA October 1994} was appointed by the president)
(government_executive_branch_head_of_government#yemen#Prime Minister Abd al-Aziz ABD AL-GHANI {since NA October 1994} was appointed by the president; Deputy Prime Ministers Abd al-Wahhab al-ANISI {since NA October 1994}, Dr. Abd al-Karim Ali al-IRYANI {since NA October 1994}, Dr. Muhammad Said al-ATTAR {since NA October 1994}, and Abd al-Qadir al-BA JAMAL {since NA October 1994})
(government_executive_branch_cabinet#yemen#Council of Ministers was appointed by the president on advice of the prime minister)
(government_legislative_branch#yemen#unicameral)
(government_house_of_representatives#yemen#elections last held 27 April 1993 {next to be held NA May 1997}; results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - {301 total} GPC 124, Islaah 61, YSP 55, others 13, independents 47, election nullified 1)
(government_judicial_branch#yemen#Supreme Court)
(government_political_parties_and_leaders#yemen#over 40 political parties are active in Yemen, but only three project significant influence; since the May-July 1994 civil war, President SALIH's General People's Congress {GPC} and Shaykh Abdallah bin Husayn al-AHMAR's Yemeni Grouping for Reform, or Islaah, have joined to form a coalition government; the Yemeni Socialist Party {YSP}, headed by Ali Salih UBAYD, has regrouped as a loyal opposition)
(government_other_political_or_pressure_groups#yemen#NA)
(government_international_organization_participation#yemen#ACC, AFESD, AL, AMF, CAEU, CCC, ESCWA, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, ITU, NAM, OIC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO {applicant})
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_chief_of_mission#yemen#Ambassador Muhsin Ahmad al-AYNI)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_chancery#yemen#Suite 705, 2600 Virginia Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20037)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_telephone#yemen#[1] {202} 965-4760, 4761)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_fax#yemen#[1] {202} 337-2017)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_chief_of_mission#yemen#Ambassador David G. NEWTON)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_embassy#yemen#Dhahr Himyar Zone, Sheraton Hotel District, Sanaa)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_mailing_address#yemen#P. O. Box 22347, Sanaa)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_telephone#yemen#[967] {1} 238843 through 238852)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_fax#yemen#[967] {1} 251563)
(government_flag#yemen#three equal horizontal bands of red {top}, white, and black; similar to the flag of Syria which has two green stars and of Iraq which has three green stars {plus an Arabic inscription} in a horizontal line centered in the white band; also similar to the flag of Egypt which has a symbolic eagle centered in the white band)
(economy_economic_overview#yemen#Whereas the northern city Sanaa is the political capital of a united Yemen, the southern city Aden, with its refinery and port facilities, is the economic and commercial capital. Future economic development depends heavily on Western-assisted development of the country's moderate oil resources. Former South Yemen's willingness to merge stemmed partly from the steady decline in Soviet economic support. The low level of domestic industry and agriculture has made northern Yemen dependent on imports for practically all of its essential needs. Once self-sufficient in food production, northern Yemen has become a major importer. Land once used for export crops - cotton, fruit, and vegetables - has been turned over to growing a shrub called qat, whose leaves are chewed for their stimulant effect by Yemenis and which has no significant export market. Economic growth in former South Yemen has been constrained by a lack of incentives, partly stemming from centralized control over production decisions, investment allocation, and import choices. Yemen's large trade deficits have been compensated for by remittances from Yemenis working abroad and by foreign aid. Since the Gulf crisis, remittances have dropped substantially. High inflation and political divisions hinder the development of a forward-looking economic policy.)
(economy_gdp#yemen#purchasing power parity - $37.1 billion {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_real_growth_rate#yemen#3.6% {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_per_capita#yemen#$2,520 {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_agriculture#yemen#21%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_industry#yemen#24%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_services#yemen#55%)
(economy_inflation_rate_{consumer_prices}#yemen#71.3% {1994 est.})
(economy_labor_force#yemen#no reliable estimates exist, most people are employed in agriculture and herding or as expatriate laborers; services, construction, industry, and commerce account for less than one-half of the labor force)
(economy_unemployment_rate#yemen#30% {1995 est.})
(economy_budget_revenues#yemen#$1.4 billion)
(economy_budget_expenditures#yemen#$1.2 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA {1996 est.})
(economy_industries#yemen#crude oil production and petroleum refining; small-scale production of cotton textiles and leather goods; food processing; handicrafts; small aluminum products factory; cement)
(economy_industrial_production_growth_rate#yemen#NA%)
(economy_electricity_capacity#yemen#810,000 kW)
(economy_electricity_production#yemen#1.8 billion kWh)
(economy_electricity_consumption_per_capita#yemen#149 kWh {1993})
(economy_agriculture#yemen#grain, fruits, vegetables, qat {mildly narcotic shrub}, coffee, cotton; dairy products, poultry, meat; fish)
(economy_exports#yemen#$1.1 billion {f.o.b., 1994 est.})
(economy_exports_commodities#yemen#crude oil, cotton, coffee, hides, vegetables, dried and salted fish)
(economy_exports_partners#yemen#US 17%, Japan 16%, Singapore 15%, China 13% {1994})
(economy_imports#yemen#$1.8 billion {c.i.f., 1994 est.})
(economy_imports_commodities#yemen#textiles and other manufactured consumer goods, petroleum products, sugar, grain, flour, other foodstuffs, cement, machinery, chemicals)
(economy_imports_partners#yemen#US 11%, UK 7%, France 7%, Germany 5%, Japan 5% {1994})
(economy_external_debt#yemen#$8 billion {1996})
(economy_economic_aid_recipient#yemen#ODA, $148 million {1993})
(economy_currency#yemen#Yemeni rial {new currency})
(economy_exchange_rates#yemen#Yemeni rials per US$1 - 12.010 {official fixed rate}; 90 {market rate, December 1994})
(economy_fiscal_year#yemen#calendar year)
(transportation_railways#yemen#0 km)
(transportation_highways_total#yemen#51,392 km)
(transportation_highways_paved#yemen#4,831 km)
(transportation_highways_unpaved#yemen#46,561 km {1992 est.})
(transportation_pipelines#yemen#crude oil 644 km; petroleum products 32 km)
(transportation_ports#yemen#Aden, Al Hudaydah, Al Mukalla, Mocha, Nishtun)
(transportation_merchant_marine_total#yemen#3 ships {1,000 GRT or over} totaling 12,059 GRT/18,563 DWT)
(transportation_merchant_marine_ships_by_type#yemen#cargo 1, oil tanker 2 {1995 est.})
(transportation_airports_total#yemen#41)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_over_3,047_m#yemen#2)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_2,438_to_3,047_m#yemen#6)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_1,524_to_2,437_m#yemen#1)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_under_914_m#yemen#3)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_over_3,047_m#yemen#2)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_2,438_to_3,047_m#yemen#8)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_1,524_to_2,437_m#yemen#9)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_914_to_1,523_m#yemen#10 {1995 est.})
(communications_telephones#yemen#131,655 {1992 est.})
(communications_telephone_system#yemen#since unification in 1990, efforts have been made to create a national telecommunications network)
(communications_telephone_system_domestic#yemen#the network consists of microwave radio relay, cable, and tropospheric scatter)
(communications_telephone_system_international#yemen#satellite earth stations - 3 Intelsat {2 Indian Ocean and 1 Atlantic Ocean}, 1 Intersputnik {Atlantic Ocean region}, and 2 Arabsat; microwave radio relay to Saudi Arabia and Djibouti)
(communications_radio_broadcast_stations#yemen#AM 4, FM 1, shortwave 0)
(communications_radios#yemen#NA)
(communications_television_broadcast_stations#yemen#10)
(communications_televisions#yemen#350,000 {1992 est.})
(defense_branches#yemen#Army, Navy, Air Force, paramilitary {includes Police})
(defense_manpower_availability_males_age_15-49#yemen#2,985,764)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_fit_for_military_service#yemen#1,685,517)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_reach_military_age_{18}_annually#yemen#145,161 {1996 est.})
(defense_defense_expenditures#yemen#$NA, NA% of GDP)
(geography_location#zaire#Central Africa, northeast of Angola)
(geography_geographic_coordinates#zaire#0 00 N, 25 00 E)
(geography_map_references#zaire#Africa)
(geography_area_total_area#zaire#2,345,410 sq km)
(geography_area_land_area#zaire#2,267,600 sq km)
(geography_area_comparative_area#zaire#slightly more than one-fourth the size of US)
(geography_land_boundaries_total#zaire#10,271 km)
(geography_land_boundaries_border_countries#zaire#Angola 2,511 km, Burundi 233 km, Central African Republic 1,577 km, Congo 2,410 km, Rwanda 217 km, Sudan 628 km, Uganda 765 km, Zambia 1,930 km)
(geography_coastline#zaire#37 km)
(geography_maritime_claims_exclusive_economic_zone#zaire#boundaries with neighbors)
(geography_maritime_claims_territorial_sea#zaire#12 nm)
(geography_international_disputes#zaire#Tanzania-Zaire-Zambia tripoint in Lake Tanganyika may no longer be indefinite since it has been informally reported that the indefinite section of the Zaire-Zambia boundary has been settled; long section with Congo along the Congo river is indefinite {no division of the river or its islands has been made})
(geography_climate#zaire#tropical; hot and humid in equatorial river basin; cooler and drier in southern highlands; cooler and wetter in eastern highlands; north of Equator - wet season April to October, dry season December to February; south of Equator - wet season November to March, dry season April to October)
(geography_terrain#zaire#vast central basin is a low-lying plateau; mountains in east)
(geography_terrain_lowest_point#zaire#Atlantic Ocean 0 m)
(geography_terrain_highest_point#zaire#Margherita Peak {Mount Stanley} 5,110 m)
(geography_natural_resources#zaire#cobalt, copper, cadmium, petroleum, industrial and gem diamonds, gold, silver, zinc, manganese, tin, germanium, uranium, radium, bauxite, iron ore, coal, hydropower potential)
(geography_land_use_arable_land#zaire#3%)
(geography_land_use_permanent_crops#zaire#0%)
(geography_land_use_meadows_and_pastures#zaire#4%)
(geography_land_use_forest_and_woodland#zaire#78%)
(geography_land_use_other#zaire#15%)
(geography_irrigated_land#zaire#100 sq km {1989 est.})
(geography_environment_current_issues#zaire#poaching threatens wildlife populations; water pollution; deforestation; 1.2 million Rwandan refugees are responsible for significant deforestation, soil erosion, and wildlife poaching in eastern Zaire)
(geography_environment_natural_hazards#zaire#periodic droughts in south; volcanic activity)
(geography_environment_international_agreements#zaire#party to - Biodiversity, Climate Change, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Tropical Timber 83; signed, but not ratified - Desertification, Environmental Modification)
(geography_geographic_note#zaire#straddles Equator; very narrow strip of land that controls the lower Congo river and is only outlet to South Atlantic Ocean; dense tropical rain forest in central river basin and eastern highlands)
(people_population#zaire#46,498,539 {July 1996 est.})
(people_age_structure_0-14_years#zaire#48% {male 11,161,347; female 11,124,583})
(people_age_structure_15-64_years#zaire#49% {male 11,197,097; female 11,783,524})
(people_age_structure_65_years_and_over#zaire#3% {male 539,775; female 692,213} {July 1996 est.})
(people_population_growth_rate#zaire#1.67% {1996 est.})
(people_birth_rate#zaire#48.1 births/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_death_rate#zaire#16.9 deaths/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_net_migration_rate#zaire#-14.56 migrant{s}/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_net_migration_rate_note#zaire#in 1994, more than one million refugees fled into Zaire to escape the fighting between the Hutus and the Tutsis in Rwanda and Burundi; a small number of these returned to their homes in 1995 despite fear of the ongoing violence; additionally, Zaire is host to about 100,000 Angolan, and about 100,000 Sudanese refugees)
(people_sex_ratio_at_birth#zaire#1.03 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_under_15_years#zaire#1 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_15-64_years#zaire#0.95 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_65_years_and_over#zaire#0.78 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_all_ages#zaire#0.97 male{s}/female {1996 est.})
(people_infant_mortality_rate#zaire#108 deaths/1,000 live births {1996 est.})
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_total_population#zaire#46.7 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_male#zaire#44.97 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_female#zaire#48.47 years {1996 est.})
(people_total_fertility_rate#zaire#6.64 children born/woman {1996 est.})
(people_nationality_noun#zaire#Zairian{s})
(people_nationality_adjective#zaire#Zairian)
(people_ethnic_divisions#zaire#over 200 African ethnic groups, the majority are Bantu; four largest tribes - Mongo, Luba, Kongo {all Bantu}, and the Mangbetu-Azande {Hamitic} make up about 45% of the population)
(people_religions#zaire#Roman Catholic 50%, Protestant 20%, Kimbanguist 10%, Muslim 10%, other syncretic sects and traditional beliefs 10%)
(people_languages#zaire#French {official}, Lingala {a lingua franca trade language}, Kingwana {a dialect of Kiswahili or Swahili}, Kikongo, Tshiluba)
(people_literacy#zaire#age 15 and over can read and write in French, Lingala, Kingwana, or Tshiluba {1995 est.})
(people_literacy_total_population#zaire#77.3%)
(people_literacy_male#zaire#86.6%)
(people_literacy_female#zaire#67.7%)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_long_form#zaire#Republic of Zaire)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_short_form#zaire#Zaire)
(government_name_of_country_local_long_form#zaire#Republique du Zaire)
(government_name_of_country_local_short_form#zaire#Zaire)
(government_name_of_country_former#zaire#Belgian Congo Congo/Leopoldville Congo/Kinshasa)
(government_data_code#zaire#CG)
(government_type_of_government#zaire#republic with a strong presidential system)
(government_capital#zaire#Kinshasa)
(government_administrative_divisions#zaire#10 regions {regions, singular - region} and 1 town* {ville}; Bandundu, Bas-Zaire, Equateur, Haut-Zaire, Kasai-Occidental, Kasai-Oriental, Kinshasa*, Maniema, Nord-Kivu, Shaba, Sud-Kivu)
(government_independence#zaire#30 June 1960 {from Belgium})
(government_national_holiday#zaire#Anniversary of the Regime {Second Republic}, 24 November {1965})
(government_constitution#zaire#24 June 1967, amended August 1974, revised 15 February 1978; amended April 1990; new transitional constitution promulgated in April 1994)
(government_legal_system#zaire#based on Belgian civil law system and tribal law; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction)
(government_suffrage#zaire#18 years of age; universal and compulsory)
(government_executive_branch_chief_of_state#zaire#President Marshal MOBUTU Sese Seko Kuku Ngbendu wa Za Banga {since 24 November 1965} elected for a seven-year term by popular vote; election last held 29 July 1984 {next to be held by 9 July 1997}; results - President MOBUTU was reelected without opposition)
(government_executive_branch_head_of_government#zaire#Prime Minister Leon KENGO wa Dondo {since 14 June 1994} elected by the High Council of the Republic)
(government_executive_branch_cabinet#zaire#National Executive Council, appointed by mutual agreement of the president and the prime minister)
(government_legislative_branch#zaire#unicameral)
(government_legislative_branch_parliament#zaire#a single body consisting of the High Council of the Republic and the Parliament of the Transition with membership equally divided between presidential supporters and opponents)
(government_judicial_branch#zaire#Supreme Court {Cour Supreme})
(government_political_parties_and_leaders#zaire#sole legal party until January 1991 - Popular Movement of the Revolution {MPR}; other parties include Union for Democracy and Social Progress {UDPS}, Etienne TSHISEKEDI wa Mulumba; Democratic Social Christian Party {PDSC}; Union of Federalists and Independent Republicans {UFERI}; Unified Lumumbast Party {PALU}, Antoine GIZENGA; Union of Independent Democrats {UDI}, Leon KENGO wa Dondo)
(government_international_organization_participation#zaire#ACCT, ACP, AfDB, CCC, CEEAC, CEPGL, ECA, FAO, G-19, G-24, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, ITU, NAM, OAU, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_chief_of_mission#zaire#Ambassador TATANENE Manata)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_chancery#zaire#1800 New Hampshire Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20009)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_telephone#zaire#[1] {202} 234-7690, 7691)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_chief_of_mission#zaire#Ambassador Daniel H. SIMPSON)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_embassy#zaire#310 Avenue des Aviateurs, Kinshasa)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_mailing_address#zaire#Unit 31550, APO AE 09828)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_telephone#zaire#[243] {12} 21533 through 21535)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_fax#zaire#[243] {88} 43805, ext. 2308 or 43467)
(government_flag#zaire#light green with a yellow disk in the center bearing a black arm holding a red flaming torch; the flames of the torch are blowing away from the hoist side; uses the popular pan-African colors of Ethiopia)
(economy_economic_overview#zaire#Zaire's economy has continued to disintegrate, although Prime Minister KENGO has had some success in slowing the rate of economic decline. While meaningful economic figures are difficult to come by, Zaire's hyperinflation, chronic large government deficits, and plunging mineral production have made the country one of the world's poorest. Most formal transactions are conducted in hard currency as indigenous bank notes have lost almost all value, and a barter economy now flourishes in all but the largest cities. Most individuals and families hang on grimly through subsistence farming and petty trade. The government has not been able to meet its financial obligations to the IMF nor put in place the financial measures advocated by it. Although short-term prospects for improvement remain doubtful, improved political stability would boost Zaire's long-term potential to effectively exploit its vast mineral and agricultural resources.)
(economy_gdp#zaire#purchasing power parity - $16.5 billion {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_real_growth_rate#zaire#-7.4% {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_per_capita#zaire#$400 {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_agriculture#zaire#NA%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_industry#zaire#NA%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_services#zaire#NA%)
(economy_inflation_rate_{consumer_prices}#zaire#12% monthly average {1995 est.})
(economy_labor_force#zaire#14.51 million {1993 est.})
(economy_labor_force_by_occupation#zaire#agriculture 65%, industry 16%, services 19% {1991 est.})
(economy_unemployment_rate#zaire#NA%)
(economy_budget_revenues#zaire#$479 million)
(economy_budget_expenditures#zaire#$479 million, including capital expenditures of $NA {1996 est.})
(economy_industries#zaire#mining, mineral processing, consumer products {including textiles, footwear, cigarettes, processed foods and beverages}, cement, diamonds)
(economy_industrial_production_growth_rate#zaire#-20% {1993})
(economy_electricity_capacity#zaire#2,830,000 kW)
(economy_electricity_production#zaire#6.2 billion kWh)
(economy_electricity_consumption_per_capita#zaire#133 kWh {1993})
(economy_agriculture#zaire#coffee, sugar, palm oil, rubber, tea, quinine, cassava {tapioca}, palm oil, bananas, root crops, corn, fruits; wood products)
(economy_illicit_drugs#zaire#illicit producer of cannabis, mostly for domestic consumption)
(economy_exports#zaire#$419 million {f.o.b., 1994})
(economy_exports_commodities#zaire#copper, coffee, diamonds, cobalt, crude oil)
(economy_exports_partners#zaire#US, Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, UK, Japan, South Africa)
(economy_imports#zaire#$382 million {c.i.f., 1994})
(economy_imports_commodities#zaire#consumer goods, foodstuffs, mining and other machinery, transport equipment, fuels)
(economy_imports_partners#zaire#South Africa, US, Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, UK)
(economy_external_debt#zaire#$11.3 billion {December 1993 est.})
(economy_economic_aid_recipient#zaire#ODA, $NA)
(economy_currency#zaire#1 zaire {Z} = 100 makuta)
(economy_exchange_rates#zaire#new zaires {Z} per US$1 - 10,618 {October 1995}, 1,194 {1994}, 3 {1993}; zaire {Z} per US$1 - 645,549 {1992}, 15,587 {1991})
(economy_exchange_rates_note#zaire#on 22 October 1993 the new zaire, equal to 3,000,000 old zaires, was introduced)
(economy_fiscal_year#zaire#calendar year)
(transportation_railways_total#zaire#5,138 km {1995}; note - severely reduced trackage in use because of civil strife)
(transportation_railways_narrow_gauge#zaire#3,987 km 1.067-m gauge {858 km electrified}; 125 km 1.000-m gauge; 1,026 km 0.600-m gauge)
(transportation_highways_total#zaire#145,000 km)
(transportation_highways_paved#zaire#290 km)
(transportation_highways_unpaved#zaire#144,710 km {1991 est.})
(transportation_waterways#zaire#15,000 km including the Congo, its tributaries, and unconnected lakes)
(transportation_pipelines#zaire#petroleum products 390 km)
(transportation_ports#zaire#Banana, Boma, Bukavu, Bumba, Goma, Kalemie, Kindu, Kinshasa, Kisangani, Matadi, Mbandaka)
(transportation_merchant_marine#zaire#none)
(transportation_airports_total#zaire#217)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_over_3,047_m#zaire#4)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_2,438_to_3,047_m#zaire#3)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_1,524_to_2,437_m#zaire#15)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_914_to_1,523_m#zaire#2)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_under_914_m#zaire#82)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_1,524_to_2,437_m#zaire#17)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_914_to_1,523_m#zaire#94 {1995 est.})
(communications_telephones#zaire#34,000 {1991 est.})
(communications_telephone_system_domestic#zaire#barely adequate wire and microwave radio relay service in and between urban areas; domestic satellite system with 14 earth stations)
(communications_telephone_system_international#zaire#satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat {Atlantic Ocean})
(communications_radio_broadcast_stations#zaire#AM 10, FM 4, shortwave 0)
(communications_radios#zaire#3.87 million {1992 est.})
(communications_television_broadcast_stations#zaire#18)
(communications_televisions#zaire#55,000 {1992 est.})
(defense_branches#zaire#Army, Navy, Air Force, National Gendarmerie, paramilitary Civil Guard, Special Presidential Division)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_age_15-49#zaire#10,025,536)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_fit_for_military_service#zaire#5,108,385 {1996 est.})
(defense_defense_expenditures#zaire#exchange rate conversion - $46 million, 1.5% of GDP {1990})
(geography_location#zambia#Southern Africa, east of Angola)
(geography_geographic_coordinates#zambia#15 00 S, 30 00 E)
(geography_map_references#zambia#Africa)
(geography_area_total_area#zambia#752,610 sq km)
(geography_area_land_area#zambia#740,720 sq km)
(geography_area_comparative_area#zambia#slightly larger than Texas)
(geography_land_boundaries_total#zambia#5,664 km)
(geography_land_boundaries_border_countries#zambia#Angola 1,110 km, Malawi 837 km, Mozambique 419 km, Namibia 233 km, Tanzania 338 km, Zaire 1,930 km, Zimbabwe 797 km)
(geography_coastline#zambia#0 km {landlocked})
(geography_maritime_claims#zambia#none {landlocked})
(geography_international_disputes#zambia#quadripoint with Botswana, Namibia, and Zimbabwe is in disagreement; Tanzania-Zaire-Zambia tripoint in Lake Tanganyika may no longer be indefinite since it has been informally reported that the indefinite section of the Zaire-Zambia boundary has been settled)
(geography_climate#zambia#tropical; modified by altitude; rainy season {October to April})
(geography_terrain#zambia#mostly high plateau with some hills and mountains)
(geography_terrain_lowest_point#zambia#Zambezi river 329 m)
(geography_terrain_highest_point#zambia#in Mafinga Hills 2,301 m)
(geography_natural_resources#zambia#copper, cobalt, zinc, lead, coal, emeralds, gold, silver, uranium, hydropower potential)
(geography_land_use_arable_land#zambia#7%)
(geography_land_use_permanent_crops#zambia#0%)
(geography_land_use_meadows_and_pastures#zambia#47%)
(geography_land_use_forest_and_woodland#zambia#27%)
(geography_land_use_other#zambia#19%)
(geography_irrigated_land#zambia#320 sq km {1989 est.})
(geography_environment_current_issues#zambia#air pollution and resulting acid rain in the mineral extraction and refining region; poaching seriously threatens rhinoceros and elephant populations; deforestation; soil erosion; desertification; lack of adequate water treatment presents human health risks)
(geography_environment_natural_hazards#zambia#tropical storms {November to April})
(geography_environment_international_agreements#zambia#party to - Biodiversity, Climate Change, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands; signed, but not ratified - Desertification)
(geography_geographic_note#zambia#landlocked)
(people_population#zambia#9,159,072 {July 1996 est.})
(people_age_structure_0-14_years#zambia#49% {male 2,272,981; female 2,244,403})
(people_age_structure_15-64_years#zambia#48% {male 2,157,106; female 2,256,935})
(people_age_structure_65_years_and_over#zambia#3% {male 110,433; female 117,214} {July 1996 est.})
(people_population_growth_rate#zambia#2.11% {1996 est.})
(people_birth_rate#zambia#44.73 births/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_death_rate#zambia#23.65 deaths/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_net_migration_rate#zambia#0 migrant{s}/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_sex_ratio_at_birth#zambia#1.03 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_under_15_years#zambia#1.01 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_15-64_years#zambia#0.96 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_65_years_and_over#zambia#0.94 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_all_ages#zambia#0.98 male{s}/female {1996 est.})
(people_infant_mortality_rate#zambia#96.1 deaths/1,000 live births {1996 est.})
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_total_population#zambia#36.31 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_male#zambia#36.15 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_female#zambia#36.46 years {1996 est.})
(people_total_fertility_rate#zambia#6.55 children born/woman {1996 est.})
(people_nationality_noun#zambia#Zambian{s})
(people_nationality_adjective#zambia#Zambian)
(people_ethnic_divisions#zambia#African 98.7%, European 1.1%, other 0.2%)
(people_religions#zambia#Christian 50%-75%, Muslim and Hindu 24%-49%, indigenous beliefs 1%)
(people_languages#zambia#English {official}, major vernaculars - Bemba, Kaonda, Lozi, Lunda, Luvale, Nyanja, Tonga, and about 70 other indigenous languages)
(people_literacy#zambia#age 15 and over can read and write in English {1995 est.})
(people_literacy_total_population#zambia#78.2%)
(people_literacy_male#zambia#85.6%)
(people_literacy_female#zambia#71.3%)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_long_form#zambia#Republic of Zambia)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_short_form#zambia#Zambia)
(government_name_of_country_former#zambia#Northern Rhodesia)
(government_data_code#zambia#ZA)
(government_type_of_government#zambia#republic)
(government_capital#zambia#Lusaka)
(government_administrative_divisions#zambia#9 provinces; Central, Copperbelt, Eastern, Luapula, Lusaka, Northern, North-Western, Southern, Western)
(government_independence#zambia#24 October 1964 {from UK})
(government_national_holiday#zambia#Independence Day, 24 October {1964})
(government_constitution#zambia#2 August 1991)
(government_legal_system#zambia#based on English common law and customary law; judicial review of legislative acts in an ad hoc constitutional council; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction)
(government_suffrage#zambia#18 years of age; universal)
(government_executive_branch_chief_of_state_and_head_of_government#zambia#President Frederick CHILUBA {since 31 October 1991} elected for a five-year term by popular vote; Vice President General Godfrey MIYANDA {since NA August 1994} appointed by the president; election last held 31 October 1991 {next to be held October 1996}; results - Frederick CHILUBA 84%, Kenneth KAUNDA 16%)
(government_executive_branch_cabinet#zambia#Cabinet, appointed by the president from among the members of the National Assembly)
(government_legislative_branch#zambia#unicameral)
(government_national_assembly#zambia#elections last held 31 October 1991 {next to be held October 1996}; results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - {150 total} MMD 125, UNIP 25; note - the MMD's majority was weakened by the defection of 13 of its parliamentary members during 1993 and the defeat of its candidates in four of the resulting byelections)
(government_judicial_branch#zambia#Supreme Court, justices are appointed by the president)
(government_political_parties_and_leaders#zambia#Movement for Multiparty Democracy {MMD}, Frederick CHILUBA; United National Independence Party {UNIP}, Kenneth KAUNDA; National Party {NP}, Humphrey MULEMBIA; Labor Party {LP}, Chibiza MFUNI; Zambia Democratic Congress {ZDC}, Dean MUNG'OMBA; Liberal Progressive Front {LPF}, Roger CHONGWE, president)
(government_international_organization_participation#zambia#ACP, AfDB, C, CCC, ECA, FAO, G-19, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ITU, NAM, OAU, SADC, UN, UNAMIR, UNAVEM III, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCL, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_chief_of_mission#zambia#Ambassador Dunstan Weston KAMANA)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_chancery#zambia#2419 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_telephone#zambia#[1] {202} 265-9717 through 9719)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_fax#zambia#[1] {202} 332-0826)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_chief_of_mission#zambia#Ambassador Roland K. KUCHEL)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_embassy#zambia#corner of Independence Avenue and United Nations Avenue, Lusaka)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_mailing_address#zambia#P. O. Box 31617, Lusaka)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_telephone#zambia#[260] {1} 250-955, 252-230)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_fax#zambia#[260] {1} 252-225)
(government_flag#zambia#green with a panel of three vertical bands of red {hoist side}, black, and orange below a soaring orange eagle, on the outer edge of the flag)
(economy_economic_overview#zambia#Despite continuing progress in privatization and budgetary reform, Zambia's economy is showing little improvement. Inflation, while slowing somewhat, continues to be a major concern to the CHILUBA government. Four of Zambia's 20 banks collapsed in 1995, and the nation's debt stood at about $7 billion. Zambia's copper mining sector, which accounts for over 80% of the nation's foreign currency intake, is struggling. Production rates are down as are world copper prices. Food production is insufficient to meet the country's needs due to previous droughts and an end to government subsidization of agriculture. While the government's economic program aims for 6% growth in each of the next three years, a growth rate of 3-5% is more likely.)
(economy_gdp#zambia#purchasing power parity - $8.9 billion {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_real_growth_rate#zambia#NA%)
(economy_gdp_per_capita#zambia#$900 {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_agriculture#zambia#32%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_industry#zambia#22%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_services#zambia#46% {1994 est.})
(economy_inflation_rate_{consumer_prices}#zambia#55% {1994 est.})
(economy_labor_force#zambia#3.4 million)
(economy_labor_force_by_occupation#zambia#agriculture 85%, mining, manufacturing, and construction 6%, transport and services 9%)
(economy_unemployment_rate#zambia#22% {1991})
(economy_budget_revenues#zambia#$665 million)
(economy_budget_expenditures#zambia#$767 million, including capital expenditures of $300 million {1991 est.})
(economy_industries#zambia#copper mining and processing, construction, foodstuffs, beverages, chemicals, textiles, fertilizer)
(economy_industrial_production_growth_rate#zambia#-1% {1992})
(economy_electricity_capacity#zambia#2,440,000 kW)
(economy_electricity_production#zambia#7.8 billion kWh)
(economy_electricity_consumption_per_capita#zambia#650 kWh {1993})
(economy_agriculture#zambia#corn, sorghum, rice, peanuts, sunflower seed, tobacco, cotton, sugarcane, cassava {tapioca}; cattle, goats, beef, eggs)
(economy_illicit_drugs#zambia#increasingly a regional transshipment center for methaqualone and heroin)
(economy_exports#zambia#$1.075 billion {f.o.b., 1994 est.})
(economy_exports_commodities#zambia#copper, zinc, cobalt, lead, tobacco)
(economy_exports_partners#zambia#EU countries, Japan, South Africa, US, India, Thailand, Malaysia)
(economy_imports#zambia#$845 million {f.o.b., 1994 est.})
(economy_imports_commodities#zambia#machinery, transportation equipment, foodstuffs, fuels, manufactures)
(economy_imports_partners#zambia#EU countries, Japan, Saudi Arabia, South Africa, US)
(economy_external_debt#zambia#$7 billion {1995 est.})
(economy_economic_aid_recipient#zambia#ODA, $734 million {1993})
(economy_currency#zambia#1 Zambian kwacha {ZK} = 100 ngwee)
(economy_exchange_rates#zambia#Zambian kwacha {ZK} per US$1 - 909.09 {December 1995}, 833.33 {1995}, 769.23 {1994}, 434.78 {1993}, 156.25 {1992}, 61.7284 {1991})
(economy_fiscal_year#zambia#calendar year)
(transportation_railways_total#zambia#2,164 km {1995})
(transportation_railways_narrow_gauge#zambia#2,164 km 1.067-m gauge {13 km double track})
(transportation_railways_note#zambia#the total includes 891 km of the Tanzania-Zambia Railway Authority {TAZARA}, which operates 1,860 km of 1.067-m narrow gauge track between Dar es Salaam and New Kapiri M'poshi where it connects to the Zambia Railways system; TAZARA is not a part of Zambia Railways)
(transportation_highways_total#zambia#37,359 km)
(transportation_highways_paved#zambia#6,575 km {including 56 km of expressways})
(transportation_highways_unpaved#zambia#30,784 km {1992 est.})
(transportation_waterways#zambia#2,250 km, including Zambezi and Luapula rivers, Lake Tanganyika)
(transportation_pipelines#zambia#crude oil 1,724 km)
(transportation_ports#zambia#Mpulungu)
(transportation_airports_total#zambia#104)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_over_3,047_m#zambia#1)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_2,438_to_3,047_m#zambia#3)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_1,524_to_2,437_m#zambia#4)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_914_to_1,523_m#zambia#2)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_under_914_m#zambia#35)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_2,438_to_3,047_m#zambia#1)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_1,524_to_2,437_m#zambia#4)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_914_to_1,523_m#zambia#54 {1995 est.})
(communications_telephones#zambia#80,900 {1987 est.})
(communications_telephone_system#zambia#facilities are among the best in Sub-Saharan Africa)
(communications_telephone_system_domestic#zambia#high-capacity microwave radio relay connects most larger towns and cities)
(communications_telephone_system_international#zambia#satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat {1 Indian Ocean and 1 Atlantic Ocean})
(communications_radio_broadcast_stations#zambia#AM 11, FM 5, shortwave 0)
(communications_radios#zambia#1,889,140)
(communications_television_broadcast_stations#zambia#9)
(communications_televisions#zambia#215,000 {1995 est.})
(defense_branches#zambia#Army, Air Force, paramilitary forces, Police)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_age_15-49#zambia#1,934,845)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_fit_for_military_service#zambia#1,020,851 {1996 est.})
(defense_defense_expenditures#zambia#exchange rate conversion - $96 million, 2.7% of GDP {1995})
(geography_location#zimbabwe#Southern Africa, northeast of Botswana)
(geography_geographic_coordinates#zimbabwe#20 00 S, 30 00 E)
(geography_map_references#zimbabwe#Africa)
(geography_area_total_area#zimbabwe#390,580 sq km)
(geography_area_land_area#zimbabwe#386,670 sq km)
(geography_area_comparative_area#zimbabwe#slightly larger than Montana)
(geography_land_boundaries_total#zimbabwe#3,066 km)
(geography_land_boundaries_border_countries#zimbabwe#Botswana 813 km, Mozambique 1,231 km, South Africa 225 km, Zambia 797 km)
(geography_coastline#zimbabwe#0 km {landlocked})
(geography_maritime_claims#zimbabwe#none {landlocked})
(geography_international_disputes#zimbabwe#quadripoint with Botswana, Namibia, and Zambia is in disagreement)
(geography_climate#zimbabwe#tropical; moderated by altitude; rainy season {November to March})
(geography_terrain#zimbabwe#mostly high plateau with higher central plateau {high veld}; mountains in east)
(geography_terrain_lowest_point#zimbabwe#junction of the Lundi and Savi rivers 162 m)
(geography_terrain_highest_point#zimbabwe#Inyangani 2,592 m)
(geography_natural_resources#zimbabwe#coal, chromium ore, asbestos, gold, nickel, copper, iron ore, vanadium, lithium, tin, platinum group metals)
(geography_land_use_arable_land#zimbabwe#7%)
(geography_land_use_permanent_crops#zimbabwe#NEGL {coffee})
(geography_land_use_meadows_and_pastures#zimbabwe#13%)
(geography_land_use_forest_and_woodland#zimbabwe#49%)
(geography_land_use_other#zimbabwe#31%)
(geography_irrigated_land#zimbabwe#2,250 sq km {1993 est.})
(geography_environment_current_issues#zimbabwe#deforestation; soil erosion; land degradation; air and water pollution; the black rhinoceros herd - once the largest concentration of the species in the world - has been significantly reduced by poaching)
(geography_environment_natural_hazards#zimbabwe#recurring droughts; floods and severe storms are rare)
(geography_environment_international_agreements#zimbabwe#party to - Biodiversity, Climate Change, Endangered Species, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection; signed, but not ratified - Desertification)
(geography_geographic_note#zimbabwe#landlocked)
(people_population#zimbabwe#11,271,314 {July 1996 est.})
(people_age_structure_0-14_years#zimbabwe#44% {male 2,513,606; female 2,481,478})
(people_age_structure_15-64_years#zimbabwe#53% {male 2,935,188; female 3,030,270})
(people_age_structure_65_years_and_over#zimbabwe#3% {male 152,244; female 158,528} {July 1996 est.})
(people_population_growth_rate#zimbabwe#1.41% {1996 est.})
(people_birth_rate#zimbabwe#32.34 births/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_death_rate#zimbabwe#18.2 deaths/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_net_migration_rate#zimbabwe#NA migrant{s}/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_net_migration_rate_note#zimbabwe#there is a small but steady flow of Zimbabweans into South Africa in search of better paid employment)
(people_sex_ratio_at_birth#zimbabwe#1.03 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_under_15_years#zimbabwe#1.01 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_15-64_years#zimbabwe#0.97 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_65_years_and_over#zimbabwe#0.96 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_all_ages#zimbabwe#0.99 male{s}/female {1996 est.})
(people_infant_mortality_rate#zimbabwe#72.8 deaths/1,000 live births {1996 est.})
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_total_population#zimbabwe#41.85 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_male#zimbabwe#41.91 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_female#zimbabwe#41.78 years {1996 est.})
(people_total_fertility_rate#zimbabwe#4.09 children born/woman {1996 est.})
(people_nationality_noun#zimbabwe#Zimbabwean{s})
(people_nationality_adjective#zimbabwe#Zimbabwean)
(people_ethnic_divisions#zimbabwe#African 98% {Shona 71%, Ndebele 16%, other 11%}, white 1%, mixed and Asian 1%)
(people_religions#zimbabwe#syncretic {part Christian, part indigenous beliefs} 50%, Christian 25%, indigenous beliefs 24%, Muslim and other 1%)
(people_languages#zimbabwe#English {official}, Shona, Sindebele {the language of the Ndebele, sometimes called Ndebele}, numerous but minor tribal dialects)
(people_literacy#zimbabwe#age 15 and over can read and write in English {1995 est.})
(people_literacy_total_population#zimbabwe#85%)
(people_literacy_male#zimbabwe#90%)
(people_literacy_female#zimbabwe#80%)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_long_form#zimbabwe#Republic of Zimbabwe)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_short_form#zimbabwe#Zimbabwe)
(government_name_of_country_former#zimbabwe#Southern Rhodesia)
(government_data_code#zimbabwe#ZI)
(government_type_of_government#zimbabwe#parliamentary democracy)
(government_capital#zimbabwe#Harare)
(government_administrative_divisions#zimbabwe#8 provinces and 2 cities* with provincial status; Bulawayo*, Harare*, Manicaland, Mashonaland Central, Mashonaland East, Mashonaland West, Masvingo {Victoria}, Matabeleland North, Matabeleland South, Midlands)
(government_independence#zimbabwe#18 April 1980 {from UK})
(government_national_holiday#zimbabwe#Independence Day, 18 April {1980})
(government_constitution#zimbabwe#21 December 1979)
(government_legal_system#zimbabwe#mixture of Roman-Dutch and English common law)
(government_suffrage#zimbabwe#18 years of age; universal)
(government_executive_branch_chief_of_state_and_head_of_government#zimbabwe#Executive President Robert Gabriel MUGABE {since 31 December 1987} was nominated by the House of Assembly {if more than one nomination, electoral college of members of the House of Assembly elect the president}; election last held 26-27 March 1996 {next to be held NA March 2002}; results - Robert MUGABE 92.7%, Abel MUZOREWA 4.8%; Ndabaningi SITHOLE 2.4%; Co-Vice President Simon Vengai MUZENDA {since 31 December 1987}; Co-Vice President Joshua M. NKOMO {since 6 August 1990} was appointed by the president)
(government_executive_branch_cabinet#zimbabwe#Cabinet was appointed by the president; responsible to Parliament)
(government_legislative_branch#zimbabwe#unicameral)
(government_parliament#zimbabwe#elections last held 8-9 April 1995 {next to be held NA March 2000}; results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - {150 total, 120 elected} ZANU-PF 118, ZANU-Ndonga 2)
(government_judicial_branch#zimbabwe#Supreme Court)
(government_political_parties_and_leaders#zimbabwe#Zimbabwe African National Union-Patriotic Front {ZANU-PF}, Robert MUGABE; Zimbabwe African National Union-NDONGA {ZANU-NDONGA}, Ndabaningi SITHOLE; Zimbabwe Unity Movement {ZUM}, Edgar TEKERE; Democratic Party {DP}, Emmanuel MAGOCHE; Forum Party of Zimbabwe, Enock DUMBUTSHENA; United Parties, Abel MUZOREWA)
(government_international_organization_participation#zimbabwe#ACP, AfDB, C, CCC, ECA, FAO, G-15, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, IOM {observer}, ISO, ITU, NAM, OAU, PCA, SADC, UN, UNAMIR, UNAVEM III, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_chief_of_mission#zimbabwe#Ambassador Amos Bernard Muvengwa MIDZI)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_chancery#zimbabwe#1608 New Hampshire Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20009)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_telephone#zimbabwe#[1] {202} 332-7100)
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us_fax#zimbabwe#[1] {202} 483-9326)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_chief_of_mission#zimbabwe#Ambassador Johnnie CARSON)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_embassy#zimbabwe#172 Herbert Chitepo Avenue, Harare)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_mailing_address#zimbabwe#P. O. Box 3340, Harare)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_telephone#zimbabwe#[263] {4} 794521)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation_fax#zimbabwe#[263] {4} 796488)
(government_flag#zimbabwe#seven equal horizontal bands of green, yellow, red, black, red, yellow, and green with a white equilateral triangle edged in black based on the hoist side; a yellow Zimbabwe bird is superimposed on a red five-pointed star in the center of the triangle)
(economy_economic_overview#zimbabwe#Agriculture employs 70% of the labor force of this landlocked nation and supplies almost 40% of exports. Mining accounts for only 5% of both GDP and employment, but minerals and metals account for about 40% of exports. Severe drought caused GDP to drop 8% in 1992, with growth rebounding to 2% in 1993 and 4.5% in 1994, only to drop by 2.4% in 1995. The government is continuing to push its IMF/World Bank structural adjustment program aimed at encouraging exports and foreign investment. Officials face the difficult task of restraining expenditures in their effort to keep inflation within bounds.)
(economy_gdp#zimbabwe#purchasing power parity - $18.1 billion {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_real_growth_rate#zimbabwe#-2.4% {1995})
(economy_gdp_per_capita#zimbabwe#$1,620 {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_agriculture#zimbabwe#18.3%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_industry#zimbabwe#35.3%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_services#zimbabwe#46.4% {1993 est.})
(economy_inflation_rate_{consumer_prices}#zimbabwe#25.8% {1995})
(economy_labor_force#zimbabwe#4.228 million {1993 est.})
(economy_labor_force_by_occupation#zimbabwe#agriculture 70%, transport and services 22%, industry 8%)
(economy_unemployment_rate#zimbabwe#at least 45% {1994 est.})
(economy_budget_revenues#zimbabwe#$1.7 billion)
(economy_budget_expenditures#zimbabwe#$2.2 billion, including capital expenditures of $253 million {FY92/93})
(economy_industries#zimbabwe#mining, steel, clothing and footwear, chemicals, foodstuffs, fertilizer, beverage, transportation equipment, wood products)
(economy_industrial_production_growth_rate#zimbabwe#10% {1994})
(economy_electricity_capacity#zimbabwe#2,040,000 kW)
(economy_electricity_production#zimbabwe#9 billion kWh)
(economy_electricity_consumption_per_capita#zimbabwe#913 kWh {1993})
(economy_agriculture#zimbabwe#corn, cotton, tobacco, wheat, coffee, sugarcane, peanuts; cattle, sheep, goats, pigs)
(economy_exports#zimbabwe#$2.2 billion {f.o.b., 1995 est.})
(economy_exports_commodities#zimbabwe#agricultural 35% {tobacco 30%, other 5%}, manufactures 25%, gold 12%, ferrochrome 10%, textiles 8% {1992})
(economy_exports_partners#zimbabwe#UK 14%, Germany 11%, South Africa 10%, Japan 7%, US 5% {1991})
(economy_imports#zimbabwe#$1.8 billion {c.i.f., 1995 est.})
(economy_imports_commodities#zimbabwe#machinery and transportation equipment 41%, other manufactures 23%, chemicals 16%, fuels 12% {1991})
(economy_imports_partners#zimbabwe#South Africa 25%, UK 15%, Germany 9%, US 6%, Japan 5% {1991})
(economy_external_debt#zimbabwe#$4.4 billion {1994})
(economy_economic_aid_recipient#zimbabwe#ODA, $362 million {1993})
(economy_currency#zimbabwe#1 Zimbabwean dollar {Z$} = 100 cents)
(economy_exchange_rates#zimbabwe#Zimbabwean dollars {Z$} per US$1 -9.3633 {January 1996}, 8.6580 {1995}, 8.1500 {1994}, 6.4725 {1993}, 5.0942 {1992}, 3.4282 {1991})
(economy_fiscal_year#zimbabwe#1 July - 30 June)
(transportation_railways_total#zimbabwe#2,759 km {1995})
(transportation_railways_narrow_gauge#zimbabwe#2,759 km 1.067-m gauge {313 km electrified; 42 km double track} {1995 est.})
(transportation_highways_total#zimbabwe#91,078 km)
(transportation_highways_paved#zimbabwe#14,572 km)
(transportation_highways_unpaved#zimbabwe#76,506 km {1992 est.})
(transportation_waterways#zimbabwe#Lake Kariba is a potential line of communication)
(transportation_pipelines#zimbabwe#petroleum products 212 km)
(transportation_ports#zimbabwe#Binga, Kariba)
(transportation_airports_total#zimbabwe#403)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_over_3,047_m#zimbabwe#3)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_2,438_to_3,047_m#zimbabwe#2)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_1,524_to_2,437_m#zimbabwe#6)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_914_to_1,523_m#zimbabwe#8)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_under_914_m#zimbabwe#185)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_1,524_to_2,437_m#zimbabwe#1)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_914_to_1,523_m#zimbabwe#198 {1995 est.})
(communications_telephones#zimbabwe#301,000 {1990 est.})
(communications_telephone_system#zimbabwe#system was once one of the best in Africa, but now suffers from poor maintenance)
(communications_telephone_system_domestic#zimbabwe#consists of microwave radio relay links, open-wire lines, and radiotelephone communication stations)
(communications_telephone_system_international#zimbabwe#satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat {Atlantic Ocean})
(communications_radio_broadcast_stations#zimbabwe#AM 8, FM 18, shortwave 0)
(communications_radios#zimbabwe#890,000 {1992 est.})
(communications_television_broadcast_stations#zimbabwe#8 {1986 est.})
(communications_televisions#zimbabwe#280,000 {1992 est.})
(defense_branches#zimbabwe#Zimbabwe National Army, Air Force of Zimbabwe, Zimbabwe Republic Police {includes Police Support Unit, Paramilitary Police})
(defense_manpower_availability_males_age_15-49#zimbabwe#2,629,880)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_fit_for_military_service#zimbabwe#1,632,391 {1996 est.})
(defense_defense_expenditures#zimbabwe#exchange rate conversion - $236 million, 3.4% of GDP {FY95/96})
(geography_location#taiwan#Eastern Asia, islands bordering the East China Sea, Philippine Sea, South China Sea, and Taiwan Strait, north of the Philippines, off the southeastern coast of China)
(geography_geographic_coordinates#taiwan#23 30 N, 121 00 E)
(geography_map_references#taiwan#Southeast Asia)
(geography_area_total_area#taiwan#35,980 sq km)
(geography_area_land_area#taiwan#32,260 sq km)
(geography_area_comparative_area#taiwan#slightly smaller than Maryland and Delaware combined)
(geography_area_note#taiwan#includes the Pescadores, Matsu, and Quemoy)
(geography_land_boundaries#taiwan#0 km)
(geography_coastline#taiwan#1,448 km)
(geography_maritime_claims_exclusive_economic_zone#taiwan#200 nm)
(geography_maritime_claims_territorial_sea#taiwan#12 nm)
(geography_international_disputes#taiwan#involved in complex dispute over the Spratly Islands with China, Malaysia, Philippines, Vietnam, and possibly Brunei; Paracel Islands occupied by China, but claimed by Vietnam and Taiwan; Japanese-administered Senkaku-shoto {Senkaku Islands/Diaoyu Tai} claimed by China and Taiwan)
(geography_climate#taiwan#tropical; marine; rainy season during southwest monsoon {June to August}; cloudiness is persistent and extensive all year)
(geography_terrain#taiwan#eastern two-thirds mostly rugged mountains; flat to gently rolling plains in west)
(geography_terrain_lowest_point#taiwan#South China Sea 0 m)
(geography_terrain_highest_point#taiwan#Yu Shan 3,997 m)
(geography_natural_resources#taiwan#small deposits of coal, natural gas, limestone, marble, and asbestos)
(geography_land_use_arable_land#taiwan#24%)
(geography_land_use_permanent_crops#taiwan#1%)
(geography_land_use_meadows_and_pastures#taiwan#5%)
(geography_land_use_forest_and_woodland#taiwan#55%)
(geography_land_use_other#taiwan#15%)
(geography_irrigated_land#taiwan#NA sq km)
(geography_environment_current_issues#taiwan#water pollution from industrial emissions, raw sewage; air pollution; contamination of drinking water supplies; trade in endangered species)
(geography_environment_natural_hazards#taiwan#earthquakes and typhoons)
(geography_environment_international_agreements#taiwan#signed, but not ratified - Marine Life Conservation)
(people_population#taiwan#21,465,881 {July 1996 est.})
(people_age_structure_0-14_years#taiwan#23% {male 2,605,495; female 2,436,864})
(people_age_structure_15-64_years#taiwan#69% {male 7,505,344; female 7,252,188})
(people_age_structure_65_years_and_over#taiwan#8% {male 907,310; female 758,680} {July 1996 est.})
(people_population_growth_rate#taiwan#0.89% {1996 est.})
(people_birth_rate#taiwan#15.01 births/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_death_rate#taiwan#5.52 deaths/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_net_migration_rate#taiwan#-0.61 migrant{s}/1,000 population {1996 est.})
(people_sex_ratio_at_birth#taiwan#1.08 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_under_15_years#taiwan#1.07 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_15-64_years#taiwan#1.04 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_65_years_and_over#taiwan#1.2 male{s}/female)
(people_sex_ratio_all_ages#taiwan#1.06 male{s}/female {1996 est.})
(people_infant_mortality_rate#taiwan#7 deaths/1,000 live births {1996 est.})
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_total_population#taiwan#76.02 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_male#taiwan#73.43 years)
(people_life_expectancy_at_birth_female#taiwan#78.82 years {1996 est.})
(people_total_fertility_rate#taiwan#1.76 children born/woman {1996 est.})
(people_nationality_noun#taiwan#Chinese {singular and plural})
(people_nationality_adjective#taiwan#Chinese)
(people_ethnic_divisions#taiwan#Taiwanese 84%, mainland Chinese 14%, aborigine 2%)
(people_religions#taiwan#mixture of Buddhist, Confucian, and Taoist 93%, Christian 4.5%, other 2.5%)
(people_languages#taiwan#Mandarin Chinese {official}, Taiwanese {Min}, Hakka dialects)
(people_literacy#taiwan#age 15 and over can read and write {1980 est.})
(people_literacy_total_population#taiwan#86%)
(people_literacy_male#taiwan#93%)
(people_literacy_female#taiwan#79%)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_long_form#taiwan#none)
(government_name_of_country_conventional_short_form#taiwan#Taiwan)
(government_name_of_country_local_long_form#taiwan#none)
(government_name_of_country_local_short_form#taiwan#T'ai-wan)
(government_data_code#taiwan#TW)
(government_type_of_government#taiwan#multiparty democratic regime; opposition political parties legalized in March 1989)
(government_capital#taiwan#Taipei)
(government_administrative_divisions#taiwan#some of the ruling party in Taipei claim to be the government of all China; in keeping with that claim, the central administrative divisions include 2 provinces {sheng, singular and plural} and 2 municipalities* {shih, singular and plural} - Fu-chien {some 20 offshore islands of Fujian Province including Quemoy and Matsu}, Kao-hsiung*, T'ai-pei*, and Taiwan {the island of Taiwan and the Pescadores islands}; note - the more commonly referenced administrative divisions are those of Taiwan Province - 16 counties {hsien, singular and plural}, 5 municipalities* {shih, singular and plural}, and 2 special municipalities** {chuan-shih, singular and plural}; Chang-hua, Chia-i, Chia-i*, Chi-lung*, Hsin-chu, Hsin-chu*, Hua-lien, I-lan, Kao-hsiung, Kao-hsiung**, Miao-li, Nan-t'ou, P'eng-hu, P'ing-tung, T'ai-chung, T'ai-chung*, T'ai-nan, T'ai-nan*, T'ai-pei, T'ai-pei**, T'ai-tung, T'ao-yuan, and Yun-lin; the provincial capital is at Chung-hsing-hsin-ts'un)
(government_administrative_divisions_note#taiwan#Taiwan uses the Wade-Giles system for romanization)
(government_national_holiday#taiwan#National Day, 10 October {1911} {Anniversary of the Revolution})
(government_constitution#taiwan#1 January 1947, amended in 1992, presently undergoing revision)
(government_legal_system#taiwan#based on civil law system; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations)
(government_suffrage#taiwan#20 years of age; universal)
(government_executive_branch_chief_of_state#taiwan#President LI Teng-hui {succeeded to the presidency following the death of President CHIANG Ching-kuo 13 January 1988, elected by the National Assembly 21 March 1990, reelected by popular vote in the first-ever direct elections for president 23 March 1996}; election last held 23 March 1996 {next to be held NA 2000}; results - LI Teng-hui 54%, PENG Ming-min 21%, LIN Yang-kang 15%, and CHEN Li-an 10%; Vice President-elect LIEN Chan {to be inaugurated 20 May 1996})
(government_executive_branch_head_of_government#taiwan#Premier {President of the Executive Yuan} LIEN Chan {since 23 February 1993} and Vice Premier {Vice President of the Executive Yuan} HSU Li-teh {since 23 February 1993} were appointed by the president; note - LIEN Chan will continue to serve as premier until 20 May 1996 when he will be inaugurated as vice president; a new premier is expected to be appointed sometime in May 1996)
(government_executive_branch_cabinet#taiwan#Executive Yuan was appointed by the president)
(government_legislative_branch#taiwan#unicameral Legislative Yuan and unicameral National Assembly)
(government_legislative_yuan#taiwan#elections last held 2 December 1995 {next to be held NA December 1998}; results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - {164 total} KMT 85, DPP 54, CNP 21, independents 4; note - since the election, there has been a change in the distribution of seats - KMT 83, DPP 54, CNP 21, independents 6)
(government_national_assembly#taiwan#elections last held 23 March 1996 {next to be held NA 2000}; results - KMT 55%, DPP 30%, CNP 14%, other 1%; seats - {334 total} KMT 183, DPP 99, CNP 46, other 6)
(government_judicial_branch#taiwan#Judicial Yuan, justices nominated and appointed for nine-year terms by the president)
(government_political_parties_and_leaders#taiwan#Kuomintang {KMT, Nationalist Party}, LI Teng-hui, chairman; Democratic Progressive Party {DPP}, leader NA; Chinese New Party {CNP}, leader NA; Labor Party {LP}, leader NA)
(government_other_political_or_pressure_groups#taiwan#Taiwan independence movement, various environmental groups)
(government_other_political_or_pressure_groups_note#taiwan#debate on Taiwan independence has become acceptable within the mainstream of domestic politics on Taiwan; political liberalization and the increased representation of the opposition Democratic Progressive Party in Taiwan's legislature have opened public debate on the island's national identity; advocates of Taiwan independence, both within the DPP and the ruling Kuomintang, oppose the ruling party's traditional stand that the island will eventually unify with mainland China; the aims of the Taiwan independence movement include establishing a sovereign nation on Taiwan and entering the UN; other organizations supporting Taiwan independence include the World United Formosans for Independence and the Organization for Taiwan Nation Building)
(government_international_organization_participation#taiwan#APEC, AsDB, BCIE, ICC, IOC, WCL, WTrO {applicant})
(government_diplomatic_representation_in_us#taiwan#none; unofficial commercial and cultural relations with the people of the US are maintained through a private instrumentality, the Taipei Economic and Cultural Representative Office {TECRO} with headquarters in Taipei and field offices in Washington and 10 other US cities)
(government_us_diplomatic_representation#taiwan#none; unofficial commercial and cultural relations with the people of Taiwan are maintained through a private institution, the American Institute in Taiwan {AIT}, which has offices in Taipei at #7, Lane 134, Hsin Yi Road, Section 3, telephone [886] {2} 709-2000, FAX [886] {2} 702-7675, and in Kao-hsiung at #2 Chung Cheng 3d Road, telephone [886] {7} 224-0154 through 0157, FAX [886] {7} 223-8237, and the American Trade Center at Room 3207 International Trade Building, Taipei World Trade Center, 333 Keelung Road Section 1, Taipei 10548, telephone [886] {2} 720-1550)
(government_flag#taiwan#red with a dark blue rectangle in the upper hoist-side corner bearing a white sun with 12 triangular rays)
(economy_economic_overview#taiwan#Taiwan has a dynamic capitalist economy with considerable government guidance of investment and foreign trade and partial government ownership of some large banks and industrial firms. Real growth in GDP has averaged about 9% a year during the past three decades. Export growth has been even faster and has provided the impetus for industrialization. Inflation and unemployment are low. Agriculture contributes about 4% to GDP, down from 35% in 1952. Taiwan currently ranks as number 13 among major trading countries. Traditional labor-intensive industries are steadily being replaced with more capital- and technology-intensive industries. Taiwan has become a major investor in China, Thailand, Indonesia, the Philippines, Malaysia, and Vietnam. The tightening of labor markets has led to an influx of foreign workers, both legal and illegal.)
(economy_gdp#taiwan#purchasing power parity - $290.5 billion {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_real_growth_rate#taiwan#6% {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_per_capita#taiwan#$13,510 {1995 est.})
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_agriculture#taiwan#3.6%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_industry#taiwan#37.3%)
(economy_gdp_composition_by_sector_services#taiwan#59.1% {1994 est.})
(economy_inflation_rate_{consumer_prices}#taiwan#4% {1995 est.})
(economy_labor_force#taiwan#8.874 million)
(economy_labor_force_by_occupation#taiwan#services 49%, industry 39%, agriculture 11% {1993 est.})
(economy_unemployment_rate#taiwan#1.6% {1995})
(economy_budget_revenues#taiwan#$30.3 billion)
(economy_budget_expenditures#taiwan#$30.1 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA {1991 est.})
(economy_industries#taiwan#electronics, textiles, chemicals, clothing, food processing, plywood, sugar milling, cement, shipbuilding, petroleum refining)
(economy_industrial_production_growth_rate#taiwan#4.5% {1994 est.})
(economy_electricity_capacity#taiwan#21,460,000 kW)
(economy_electricity_production#taiwan#108 billion kWh)
(economy_electricity_consumption_per_capita#taiwan#4,789 kWh {1993})
(economy_agriculture#taiwan#rice, wheat, corn, soybeans, vegetables, fruit, tea; pigs, poultry, beef, milk; fish catch increasing, reached 1.4 million metric tons in 1988)
(economy_illicit_drugs#taiwan#an important heroin transit point; also a drug money laundering center)
(economy_exports#taiwan#$93 billion {f.o.b., 1994})
(economy_exports_commodities#taiwan#electrical machinery 19.7%, electronic products 19.6%, textiles 10.9%, footwear 3.3%, foodstuffs 1.0%, plywood and wood products 0.9% {1993 est.})
(economy_exports_partners#taiwan#US 27.6%, Hong Kong 21.7%, EU countries 15.2%, Japan 10.5% {1994 est.})
(economy_imports#taiwan#$85.1 billion {c.i.f., 1994})
(economy_imports_commodities#taiwan#machinery and equipment 15.7%, electronic products 15.6%, chemicals 9.8%, iron and steel 8.5%, crude oil 3.9%, foodstuffs 2.1% {1993 est.})
(economy_imports_partners#taiwan#Japan 30.1%, US 21.7%, EU countries 17.6% {1993 est.})
(economy_external_debt#taiwan#$620 million {1992 est.})
(economy_economic_aid#taiwan#$NA)
(economy_currency#taiwan#1 New Taiwan dollar {NT$} = 100 cents)
(economy_exchange_rates#taiwan#New Taiwan dollars per US$1 - 27.4 {1995}, 26.2 {1994}, 26.6 {1993}, 25.4 {1992}, 25.748 {1991})
(economy_fiscal_year#taiwan#1 July - 30 June)
(transportation_railways_total#taiwan#4,600 km; note - 1,075 km in common carrier service and about 3,525 km is dedicated to industrial use)
(transportation_railways_narrow_gauge#taiwan#4,600 km 1.067-m)
(transportation_highways_total#taiwan#19,860 km)
(transportation_highways_paved#taiwan#17,119 km {including 382 km of expressways})
(transportation_highways_unpaved#taiwan#2,741 km {1990 est.})
(transportation_pipelines#taiwan#petroleum products 615 km; natural gas 97 km)
(transportation_ports#taiwan#Chi-lung {Keelung}, Hua-lien, Kao-hsiung, Su-ao, T'ai-chung)
(transportation_merchant_marine_total#taiwan#198 ships {1,000 GRT or over} totaling 5,812,534 GRT/8,885,092 DWT)
(transportation_merchant_marine_ships_by_type#taiwan#bulk 50, cargo 29, combination bulk 3, combination ore/oil 1, container 83, oil tanker 19, refrigerated cargo 11, roll-on/roll-off cargo 2 {1995 est.})
(transportation_airports_total#taiwan#38)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_over_3,047_m#taiwan#8)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_2,438_to_3,047_m#taiwan#12)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_1,524_to_2,437_m#taiwan#4)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_914_to_1,523_m#taiwan#6)
(transportation_airports_with_paved_runways_under_914_m#taiwan#7)
(transportation_airports_with_unpaved_runways_1,524_to_2,437_m#taiwan#1 {1995 est.})
(transportation_heliports#taiwan#1 {1995 est.})
(communications_telephones#taiwan#10,253,773 {1993 est.})
(communications_telephone_system#taiwan#best developed system in Asia outside of Japan)
(communications_telephone_system_domestic#taiwan#extensive microwave radio relay trunk system on east and west coasts)
(communications_telephone_system_international#taiwan#satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat {1 Pacific Ocean and 1 Indian Ocean}; submarine cables to Japan {Okinawa}, Philippines, Guam, Singapore, Hong Kong, Indonesia, Australia, Middle East, and Western Europe)
(communications_radio_broadcast_stations#taiwan#AM 91, FM 23, shortwave 0)
(communications_radios#taiwan#8.62 million)
(communications_television_broadcast_stations#taiwan#15 {repeaters 13})
(communications_televisions#taiwan#6.66 million {1993 est.})
(defense_branches#taiwan#Army, Navy {includes Marines}, Air Force, Coastal Patrol and Defense Command, Armed Forces Reserve Command, Combined Service Forces)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_age_15-49#taiwan#6,278,159)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_fit_for_military_service#taiwan#4,849,057)
(defense_manpower_availability_males_reach_military_age_{19}_annually#taiwan#204,313 {1996 est.})
(defense_defense_expenditures#taiwan#exchange rate conversion - $11.5 billion, 3.6% of GDP {FY96/97})